bio-datasets/bigbio-ner-merged · Datasets at Hugging Face

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Behandlung, Thrombosen, Kindes-, Fallberichte, Therapiedauer, Thrombolysetherapie, Becken-, Beinvenenthrombose, jugendlichen, Beins, Fibrinolytika, Gewebeplasminogenaktivator, Streptokinase	MonatsschriftKinderheilkunde.91471106.ger.abstr_task2	Sentence: Ueber Thrombolysetherapien bei der Behandlung von Thrombosen im Kindes- und Jugendalter gibt es bereits viele Fallberichte , jedoch noch keine kontrollierten Studien ueber Dosierung und Therapiedauer des Thrombolytikums . Wir berichten ueber eine Thrombolysetherapie bei einer massiven Becken- und Beinvenenthrombose einer jugendlichen Patientin , bei der erstmals bei drohendem Verlust des betroffenen Beins 2 Fibrinolytika ( rekombinanter Gewebeplasminogenaktivator lokal und Streptokinase systemisch ) zeitgleich erfolgreich eingesetzt wurden . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Ueber Thrombolysetherapien bei der Behandlung von Thrombosen im Kindes- und Jugendalter gibt es bereits viele Fallberichte , jedoch noch keine kontrollierten Studien ueber Dosierung und Therapiedauer des Thrombolytikums . Wir berichten ueber eine Thrombolysetherapie bei einer massiven Becken- und Beinvenenthrombose einer jugendlichen Patientin , bei der erstmals bei drohendem Verlust des betroffenen Beins 2 Fibrinolytika ( rekombinanter Gewebeplasminogenaktivator lokal und Streptokinase systemisch ) zeitgleich erfolgreich eingesetzt wurden .	[ "Ueber", "Thrombolysetherapien", "bei", "der", "Behandlung", "von", "Thrombosen", "im", "Kindes-", "und", "Jugendalter", "gibt", "es", "bereits", "viele", "Fallberichte", ",", "jedoch", "noch", "keine", "kontrollierten", "Studien", "ueber", "Dosierung", "und", "Therapiedauer", "des", "Thrombolytikums", ".", "Wir", "berichten", "ueber", "eine", "Thrombolysetherapie", "bei", "einer", "massiven", "Becken-", "und", "Beinvenenthrombose", "einer", "jugendlichen", "Patientin", ",", "bei", "der", "erstmals", "bei", "drohendem", "Verlust", "des", "betroffenen", "Beins", "2", "Fibrinolytika", "(", "rekombinanter", "Gewebeplasminogenaktivator", "lokal", "und", "Streptokinase", "systemisch", ")", "zeitgleich", "erfolgreich", "eingesetzt", "wurden", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Risk factors is an outcome, poor performance status , absolute neutrophil count < or = 2.0 x 10 ( 9 ) cells / L is an outcome, DOX is an intervention, PLD is an intervention, age is an outcome	989_task0	Sentence: Risk factors retained in the model included poor performance status , absolute neutrophil count < or =2.0 x 10 ( 9 ) cells/L in the previous cycle , the first cycle of chemotherapy , DOX versus PLD and advanced age . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: intervention, outcome	[ "B-outcome", "I-outcome", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-intervention", "O", "B-intervention", "O", "O", "B-outcome", "O" ]	Risk factors retained in the model included poor performance status , absolute neutrophil count < or =2.0 x 10 ( 9 ) cells/L in the previous cycle , the first cycle of chemotherapy , DOX versus PLD and advanced age .	[ "Risk", "factors", "retained", "in", "the", "model", "included", "poor", "performance", "status", ",", "absolute", "neutrophil", "count", "<", "or", "=", "2.0", "x", "10", "(", "9", ")", "cells", "/", "L", "in", "the", "previous", "cycle", ",", "the", "first", "cycle", "of", "chemotherapy", ",", "DOX", "versus", "PLD", "and", "advanced", "age", "." ]	[ "outcome", "intervention" ]
Risk factors is an outcome, poor performance status , absolute neutrophil count < or = 2.0 x 10 ( 9 ) cells / L is an outcome, DOX is an intervention, PLD is an intervention, age is an outcome	989_task1	Sentence: Risk factors retained in the model included poor performance status , absolute neutrophil count < or =2.0 x 10 ( 9 ) cells/L in the previous cycle , the first cycle of chemotherapy , DOX versus PLD and advanced age . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Risk factors, poor performance status , absolute neutrophil count < or = 2.0 x 10 ( 9 ) cells / L, DOX, PLD, age Options: intervention, outcome	[ "B-outcome", "I-outcome", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-intervention", "O", "B-intervention", "O", "O", "B-outcome", "O" ]	Risk factors retained in the model included poor performance status , absolute neutrophil count < or =2.0 x 10 ( 9 ) cells/L in the previous cycle , the first cycle of chemotherapy , DOX versus PLD and advanced age .	[ "Risk", "factors", "retained", "in", "the", "model", "included", "poor", "performance", "status", ",", "absolute", "neutrophil", "count", "<", "or", "=", "2.0", "x", "10", "(", "9", ")", "cells", "/", "L", "in", "the", "previous", "cycle", ",", "the", "first", "cycle", "of", "chemotherapy", ",", "DOX", "versus", "PLD", "and", "advanced", "age", "." ]	[ "outcome", "intervention" ]
Risk factors, poor performance status , absolute neutrophil count < or = 2.0 x 10 ( 9 ) cells / L, DOX, PLD, age	989_task2	Sentence: Risk factors retained in the model included poor performance status , absolute neutrophil count < or =2.0 x 10 ( 9 ) cells/L in the previous cycle , the first cycle of chemotherapy , DOX versus PLD and advanced age . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "B-outcome", "I-outcome", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-intervention", "O", "B-intervention", "O", "O", "B-outcome", "O" ]	Risk factors retained in the model included poor performance status , absolute neutrophil count < or =2.0 x 10 ( 9 ) cells/L in the previous cycle , the first cycle of chemotherapy , DOX versus PLD and advanced age .	[ "Risk", "factors", "retained", "in", "the", "model", "included", "poor", "performance", "status", ",", "absolute", "neutrophil", "count", "<", "or", "=", "2.0", "x", "10", "(", "9", ")", "cells", "/", "L", "in", "the", "previous", "cycle", ",", "the", "first", "cycle", "of", "chemotherapy", ",", "DOX", "versus", "PLD", "and", "advanced", "age", "." ]	[ "outcome", "intervention" ]
Metformin is a Intervention_Pharmacological, clomiphene resistant polycystic ovary syndrome is a Participant_Condition, metformin is a Intervention_Pharmacological, beneficial effects is a Outcome_Physical, clomiphene resistant infertile is a Participant_Condition, women is a Participant_Sex, PCOS is a Participant_Condition, placebo is a Intervention_Control, /placebo is a Intervention_Control, metformin / placebo is a Intervention_Pharmacological, restoration of spontaneous menses , ovulation induction ( spontaneous or clomiphene induced ) and pregnancy . Secondary endpoints is a Outcome_Physical, Twelve is a Participant_Sample-size, 14 is a Participant_Sample-size, Spontaneous menstruation is a Outcome_Physical, spontaneously ovulated is a Outcome_Physical, efficacy of clomiphene is a Outcome_Physical, ovulation being induced is a Outcome_Physical, Pregnancy is a Outcome_Physical	8954_task0	Sentence: Metformin does not enhance ovulation induction in clomiphene resistant polycystic ovary syndrome in clinical practice . AIMS To determine whether metformin pretreatment has beneficial effects in clomiphene resistant infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) in an infertility clinic . METHODS This was a randomized placebo controlled double-blind crossover study of 3 months metformin ( 1500 mg day-1 ) /placebo , followed by 3 months metformin/placebo together with clomiphene ( 50-100 mg for 5 days ) for three cycles in clomiphene resistant women with PCOS . The primary outcomes were restoration of spontaneous menses , ovulation induction ( spontaneous or clomiphene induced ) and pregnancy . Secondary endpoints were changes in biochemical parameters related to androgens and insulin . RESULTS Twelve women completed the metformin arm and 14 the placebo arm . Spontaneous menstruation resumed in five metformin treated patients and in six placebo treated women , P=0.63 . No women given metformin spontaneously ovulated , although one patient given placebo did , P=0.30 . There was no difference in the efficacy of clomiphene between the two groups with ovulation being induced in five ( out of 12 ) metformin treated women and four ( out of 14 ) placebo treated women , P=0.63 . Pregnancy occurred in three ( out of 12 ) women given metformin and two ( out of 14 ) women given placebo , P=0.59 . CONCLUSIONS Metformin is not always beneficial when given to clomiphene resistant infertile women with PCOS in clinical practice . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Intervention_Control, Participant_Sex, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size	[ "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "B-Participant_Sex", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Metformin does not enhance ovulation induction in clomiphene resistant polycystic ovary syndrome in clinical practice . AIMS To determine whether metformin pretreatment has beneficial effects in clomiphene resistant infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) in an infertility clinic . METHODS This was a randomized placebo controlled double-blind crossover study of 3 months metformin ( 1500 mg day-1 ) /placebo , followed by 3 months metformin/placebo together with clomiphene ( 50-100 mg for 5 days ) for three cycles in clomiphene resistant women with PCOS . The primary outcomes were restoration of spontaneous menses , ovulation induction ( spontaneous or clomiphene induced ) and pregnancy . Secondary endpoints were changes in biochemical parameters related to androgens and insulin . RESULTS Twelve women completed the metformin arm and 14 the placebo arm . Spontaneous menstruation resumed in five metformin treated patients and in six placebo treated women , P=0.63 . No women given metformin spontaneously ovulated , although one patient given placebo did , P=0.30 . There was no difference in the efficacy of clomiphene between the two groups with ovulation being induced in five ( out of 12 ) metformin treated women and four ( out of 14 ) placebo treated women , P=0.63 . Pregnancy occurred in three ( out of 12 ) women given metformin and two ( out of 14 ) women given placebo , P=0.59 . CONCLUSIONS Metformin is not always beneficial when given to clomiphene resistant infertile women with PCOS in clinical practice .	[ "Metformin", "does", "not", "enhance", "ovulation", "induction", "in", "clomiphene", "resistant", "polycystic", "ovary", "syndrome", "in", "clinical", "practice", ".", "AIMS", "To", "determine", "whether", "metformin", "pretreatment", "has", "beneficial", "effects", "in", "clomiphene", "resistant", "infertile", "women", "with", "polycystic", "ovary", "syndrome", "(", "PCOS", ")", "in", "an", "infertility", "clinic", ".", "METHODS", "This", "was", "a", "randomized", "placebo", "controlled", "double", "-", "blind", "crossover", "study", "of", "3", "months", "metformin", "(", "1500", "mg", "day-1", ")", "/placebo", ",", "followed", "by", "3", "months", "metformin", "/", "placebo", "together", "with", "clomiphene", "(", "50", "-", "100", "mg", "for", "5", "days", ")", "for", "three", "cycles", "in", "clomiphene", "resistant", "women", "with", "PCOS", ".", "The", "primary", "outcomes", "were", "restoration", "of", "spontaneous", "menses", ",", "ovulation", "induction", "(", "spontaneous", "or", "clomiphene", "induced", ")", "and", "pregnancy", ".", "Secondary", "endpoints", "were", "changes", "in", "biochemical", "parameters", "related", "to", "androgens", "and", "insulin", ".", "RESULTS", "Twelve", "women", "completed", "the", "metformin", "arm", "and", "14", "the", "placebo", "arm", ".", "Spontaneous", "menstruation", "resumed", "in", "five", "metformin", "treated", "patients", "and", "in", "six", "placebo", "treated", "women", ",", "P=0.63", ".", "No", "women", "given", "metformin", "spontaneously", "ovulated", ",", "although", "one", "patient", "given", "placebo", "did", ",", "P=0.30", ".", "There", "was", "no", "difference", "in", "the", "efficacy", "of", "clomiphene", "between", "the", "two", "groups", "with", "ovulation", "being", "induced", "in", "five", "(", "out", "of", "12", ")", "metformin", "treated", "women", "and", "four", "(", "out", "of", "14", ")", "placebo", "treated", "women", ",", "P=0.63", ".", "Pregnancy", "occurred", "in", "three", "(", "out", "of", "12", ")", "women", "given", "metformin", "and", "two", "(", "out", "of", "14", ")", "women", "given", "placebo", ",", "P=0.59", ".", "CONCLUSIONS", "Metformin", "is", "not", "always", "beneficial", "when", "given", "to", "clomiphene", "resistant", "infertile", "women", "with", "PCOS", "in", "clinical", "practice", "." ]	[ "Outcome_Physical", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Intervention_Control", "Participant_Sample-size", "Participant_Sex" ]
Metformin is a Intervention_Pharmacological, clomiphene resistant polycystic ovary syndrome is a Participant_Condition, metformin is a Intervention_Pharmacological, beneficial effects is a Outcome_Physical, clomiphene resistant infertile is a Participant_Condition, women is a Participant_Sex, PCOS is a Participant_Condition, placebo is a Intervention_Control, /placebo is a Intervention_Control, metformin / placebo is a Intervention_Pharmacological, restoration of spontaneous menses , ovulation induction ( spontaneous or clomiphene induced ) and pregnancy . Secondary endpoints is a Outcome_Physical, Twelve is a Participant_Sample-size, 14 is a Participant_Sample-size, Spontaneous menstruation is a Outcome_Physical, spontaneously ovulated is a Outcome_Physical, efficacy of clomiphene is a Outcome_Physical, ovulation being induced is a Outcome_Physical, Pregnancy is a Outcome_Physical	8954_task1	Sentence: Metformin does not enhance ovulation induction in clomiphene resistant polycystic ovary syndrome in clinical practice . AIMS To determine whether metformin pretreatment has beneficial effects in clomiphene resistant infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) in an infertility clinic . METHODS This was a randomized placebo controlled double-blind crossover study of 3 months metformin ( 1500 mg day-1 ) /placebo , followed by 3 months metformin/placebo together with clomiphene ( 50-100 mg for 5 days ) for three cycles in clomiphene resistant women with PCOS . The primary outcomes were restoration of spontaneous menses , ovulation induction ( spontaneous or clomiphene induced ) and pregnancy . Secondary endpoints were changes in biochemical parameters related to androgens and insulin . RESULTS Twelve women completed the metformin arm and 14 the placebo arm . Spontaneous menstruation resumed in five metformin treated patients and in six placebo treated women , P=0.63 . No women given metformin spontaneously ovulated , although one patient given placebo did , P=0.30 . There was no difference in the efficacy of clomiphene between the two groups with ovulation being induced in five ( out of 12 ) metformin treated women and four ( out of 14 ) placebo treated women , P=0.63 . Pregnancy occurred in three ( out of 12 ) women given metformin and two ( out of 14 ) women given placebo , P=0.59 . CONCLUSIONS Metformin is not always beneficial when given to clomiphene resistant infertile women with PCOS in clinical practice . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Metformin, clomiphene resistant polycystic ovary syndrome, metformin, beneficial effects, clomiphene resistant infertile, women, PCOS, placebo, /placebo, metformin / placebo, restoration of spontaneous menses , ovulation induction ( spontaneous or clomiphene induced ) and pregnancy . Secondary endpoints, Twelve, 14, Spontaneous menstruation, spontaneously ovulated, efficacy of clomiphene, ovulation being induced, Pregnancy Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Intervention_Control, Participant_Sex, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size	[ "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "B-Participant_Sex", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Metformin does not enhance ovulation induction in clomiphene resistant polycystic ovary syndrome in clinical practice . AIMS To determine whether metformin pretreatment has beneficial effects in clomiphene resistant infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) in an infertility clinic . METHODS This was a randomized placebo controlled double-blind crossover study of 3 months metformin ( 1500 mg day-1 ) /placebo , followed by 3 months metformin/placebo together with clomiphene ( 50-100 mg for 5 days ) for three cycles in clomiphene resistant women with PCOS . The primary outcomes were restoration of spontaneous menses , ovulation induction ( spontaneous or clomiphene induced ) and pregnancy . Secondary endpoints were changes in biochemical parameters related to androgens and insulin . RESULTS Twelve women completed the metformin arm and 14 the placebo arm . Spontaneous menstruation resumed in five metformin treated patients and in six placebo treated women , P=0.63 . No women given metformin spontaneously ovulated , although one patient given placebo did , P=0.30 . There was no difference in the efficacy of clomiphene between the two groups with ovulation being induced in five ( out of 12 ) metformin treated women and four ( out of 14 ) placebo treated women , P=0.63 . Pregnancy occurred in three ( out of 12 ) women given metformin and two ( out of 14 ) women given placebo , P=0.59 . CONCLUSIONS Metformin is not always beneficial when given to clomiphene resistant infertile women with PCOS in clinical practice .	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Metformin, clomiphene resistant polycystic ovary syndrome, metformin, beneficial effects, clomiphene resistant infertile, women, PCOS, placebo, /placebo, metformin / placebo, restoration of spontaneous menses , ovulation induction ( spontaneous or clomiphene induced ) and pregnancy . Secondary endpoints, Twelve, 14, Spontaneous menstruation, spontaneously ovulated, efficacy of clomiphene, ovulation being induced, Pregnancy	8954_task2	Sentence: Metformin does not enhance ovulation induction in clomiphene resistant polycystic ovary syndrome in clinical practice . AIMS To determine whether metformin pretreatment has beneficial effects in clomiphene resistant infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) in an infertility clinic . METHODS This was a randomized placebo controlled double-blind crossover study of 3 months metformin ( 1500 mg day-1 ) /placebo , followed by 3 months metformin/placebo together with clomiphene ( 50-100 mg for 5 days ) for three cycles in clomiphene resistant women with PCOS . The primary outcomes were restoration of spontaneous menses , ovulation induction ( spontaneous or clomiphene induced ) and pregnancy . Secondary endpoints were changes in biochemical parameters related to androgens and insulin . RESULTS Twelve women completed the metformin arm and 14 the placebo arm . Spontaneous menstruation resumed in five metformin treated patients and in six placebo treated women , P=0.63 . No women given metformin spontaneously ovulated , although one patient given placebo did , P=0.30 . There was no difference in the efficacy of clomiphene between the two groups with ovulation being induced in five ( out of 12 ) metformin treated women and four ( out of 14 ) placebo treated women , P=0.63 . Pregnancy occurred in three ( out of 12 ) women given metformin and two ( out of 14 ) women given placebo , P=0.59 . CONCLUSIONS Metformin is not always beneficial when given to clomiphene resistant infertile women with PCOS in clinical practice . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "B-Participant_Sex", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Metformin does not enhance ovulation induction in clomiphene resistant polycystic ovary syndrome in clinical practice . AIMS To determine whether metformin pretreatment has beneficial effects in clomiphene resistant infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) in an infertility clinic . METHODS This was a randomized placebo controlled double-blind crossover study of 3 months metformin ( 1500 mg day-1 ) /placebo , followed by 3 months metformin/placebo together with clomiphene ( 50-100 mg for 5 days ) for three cycles in clomiphene resistant women with PCOS . The primary outcomes were restoration of spontaneous menses , ovulation induction ( spontaneous or clomiphene induced ) and pregnancy . Secondary endpoints were changes in biochemical parameters related to androgens and insulin . RESULTS Twelve women completed the metformin arm and 14 the placebo arm . Spontaneous menstruation resumed in five metformin treated patients and in six placebo treated women , P=0.63 . No women given metformin spontaneously ovulated , although one patient given placebo did , P=0.30 . There was no difference in the efficacy of clomiphene between the two groups with ovulation being induced in five ( out of 12 ) metformin treated women and four ( out of 14 ) placebo treated women , P=0.63 . Pregnancy occurred in three ( out of 12 ) women given metformin and two ( out of 14 ) women given placebo , P=0.59 . CONCLUSIONS Metformin is not always beneficial when given to clomiphene resistant infertile women with PCOS in clinical practice .	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Glucose is a CHEMICAL, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 is a GENE-Y, Sitagliptin is a CHEMICAL, Metformin is a CHEMICAL, glucose is a CHEMICAL, sitagliptin is a CHEMICAL, metformin is a CHEMICAL, MTT is a CHEMICAL, [ ( 14)C]glucose is a CHEMICAL, glucose is a CHEMICAL, glucose is a CHEMICAL, insulin is a GENE-Y, C - peptide is a GENE-Y, insulin is a GENE-Y, glucagon is a GENE-Y, glucagon - like peptide is a GENE-Y, GLP-1 is a GENE-Y, gastrointestinal insulinotropic peptide is a GENE-Y, GIP is a GENE-Y, MTT is a CHEMICAL, MTT is a CHEMICAL, insulin is a GENE-Y, glucagon is a GENE-Y, MTT is a CHEMICAL, GLP-1 is a GENE-Y, glucose is a CHEMICAL, GLP-1 is a GENE-Y, glucagon is a GENE-Y	9074_task0	Sentence: Mechanisms of Glucose Lowering of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin When Used Alone or With Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: A double-tracer study. OBJECTIVETo assess glucose-lowering mechanisms of sitagliptin (S), metformin (M), and the two combined (M+S).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe randomized 16 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to four 6-week treatments with placebo (P), M, S, and M+S. After each period, subjects received a 6-h meal tolerance test (MTT) with [(14)C]glucose to calculate glucose kinetics. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin, C-peptide (insulin secretory rate [ISR]), fasting plasma glucagon, and bioactive glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) and gastrointestinal insulinotropic peptide (GIP) was measured.RESULTSFPG decreased from P, 160 ± 4 to M, 150 ± 4; S, 154 ± 4; and M+S, 125 ± 3 mg/dL. Mean post-MTT PG decreased from P, 207 ± 5 to M, 191 ± 4; S, 195 ± 4; and M+S, 161 ± 3 mg/dL (P < 0.01]. The increase in mean post-MTT plasma insulin and in ISR was similar in P, M, and S and slightly greater in M+S. Fasting plasma glucagon was equal (∼65-75 pg/mL) with all treatments, but there was a significant drop during the initial 120 min with S 24% and M+S 34% (both P < 0.05) vs. P 17% and M 16%. Fasting and mean post-MTT plasma bioactive GLP-1 were higher (P < 0.01) after S and M+S vs. M and P. Basal endogenous glucose production (EGP) fell from P 2.0 ± 0.1 to S 1.8 ± 0.1 mg/kg ⋅ min, M 1.8 ± 0.2 mg/kg ⋅ min [both P < 0.05 vs. P), and M+S 1.5 ± 0.1 mg/kg ⋅ min (P < 0.01 vs. P). Although the EGP slope of decline was faster in M and M+S vs. S, all had comparable greater post-MTT EGP inhibition vs. P (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSM+S combined produce additive effects to 1) reduce FPG and postmeal PG, 2) augment GLP-1 secretion and β-cell function, 3) decrease plasma glucagon, and 4) inhibit fasting and postmeal EGP compared with M or S monotherapy. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: GENE-Y, CHEMICAL	[ "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Mechanisms of Glucose Lowering of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin When Used Alone or With Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: A double-tracer study. OBJECTIVETo assess glucose-lowering mechanisms of sitagliptin (S), metformin (M), and the two combined (M+S).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe randomized 16 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to four 6-week treatments with placebo (P), M, S, and M+S. After each period, subjects received a 6-h meal tolerance test (MTT) with [(14)C]glucose to calculate glucose kinetics. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin, C-peptide (insulin secretory rate [ISR]), fasting plasma glucagon, and bioactive glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) and gastrointestinal insulinotropic peptide (GIP) was measured.RESULTSFPG decreased from P, 160 ± 4 to M, 150 ± 4; S, 154 ± 4; and M+S, 125 ± 3 mg/dL. Mean post-MTT PG decreased from P, 207 ± 5 to M, 191 ± 4; S, 195 ± 4; and M+S, 161 ± 3 mg/dL (P < 0.01]. The increase in mean post-MTT plasma insulin and in ISR was similar in P, M, and S and slightly greater in M+S. Fasting plasma glucagon was equal (∼65-75 pg/mL) with all treatments, but there was a significant drop during the initial 120 min with S 24% and M+S 34% (both P < 0.05) vs. P 17% and M 16%. Fasting and mean post-MTT plasma bioactive GLP-1 were higher (P < 0.01) after S and M+S vs. M and P. Basal endogenous glucose production (EGP) fell from P 2.0 ± 0.1 to S 1.8 ± 0.1 mg/kg ⋅ min, M 1.8 ± 0.2 mg/kg ⋅ min [both P < 0.05 vs. P), and M+S 1.5 ± 0.1 mg/kg ⋅ min (P < 0.01 vs. P). Although the EGP slope of decline was faster in M and M+S vs. S, all had comparable greater post-MTT EGP inhibition vs. P (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSM+S combined produce additive effects to 1) reduce FPG and postmeal PG, 2) augment GLP-1 secretion and β-cell function, 3) decrease plasma glucagon, and 4) inhibit fasting and postmeal EGP compared with M or S monotherapy.	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Glucose is a CHEMICAL, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 is a GENE-Y, Sitagliptin is a CHEMICAL, Metformin is a CHEMICAL, glucose is a CHEMICAL, sitagliptin is a CHEMICAL, metformin is a CHEMICAL, MTT is a CHEMICAL, [ ( 14)C]glucose is a CHEMICAL, glucose is a CHEMICAL, glucose is a CHEMICAL, insulin is a GENE-Y, C - peptide is a GENE-Y, insulin is a GENE-Y, glucagon is a GENE-Y, glucagon - like peptide is a GENE-Y, GLP-1 is a GENE-Y, gastrointestinal insulinotropic peptide is a GENE-Y, GIP is a GENE-Y, MTT is a CHEMICAL, MTT is a CHEMICAL, insulin is a GENE-Y, glucagon is a GENE-Y, MTT is a CHEMICAL, GLP-1 is a GENE-Y, glucose is a CHEMICAL, GLP-1 is a GENE-Y, glucagon is a GENE-Y	9074_task1	Sentence: Mechanisms of Glucose Lowering of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin When Used Alone or With Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: A double-tracer study. OBJECTIVETo assess glucose-lowering mechanisms of sitagliptin (S), metformin (M), and the two combined (M+S).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe randomized 16 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to four 6-week treatments with placebo (P), M, S, and M+S. After each period, subjects received a 6-h meal tolerance test (MTT) with [(14)C]glucose to calculate glucose kinetics. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin, C-peptide (insulin secretory rate [ISR]), fasting plasma glucagon, and bioactive glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) and gastrointestinal insulinotropic peptide (GIP) was measured.RESULTSFPG decreased from P, 160 ± 4 to M, 150 ± 4; S, 154 ± 4; and M+S, 125 ± 3 mg/dL. Mean post-MTT PG decreased from P, 207 ± 5 to M, 191 ± 4; S, 195 ± 4; and M+S, 161 ± 3 mg/dL (P < 0.01]. The increase in mean post-MTT plasma insulin and in ISR was similar in P, M, and S and slightly greater in M+S. Fasting plasma glucagon was equal (∼65-75 pg/mL) with all treatments, but there was a significant drop during the initial 120 min with S 24% and M+S 34% (both P < 0.05) vs. P 17% and M 16%. Fasting and mean post-MTT plasma bioactive GLP-1 were higher (P < 0.01) after S and M+S vs. M and P. Basal endogenous glucose production (EGP) fell from P 2.0 ± 0.1 to S 1.8 ± 0.1 mg/kg ⋅ min, M 1.8 ± 0.2 mg/kg ⋅ min [both P < 0.05 vs. P), and M+S 1.5 ± 0.1 mg/kg ⋅ min (P < 0.01 vs. P). Although the EGP slope of decline was faster in M and M+S vs. S, all had comparable greater post-MTT EGP inhibition vs. P (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSM+S combined produce additive effects to 1) reduce FPG and postmeal PG, 2) augment GLP-1 secretion and β-cell function, 3) decrease plasma glucagon, and 4) inhibit fasting and postmeal EGP compared with M or S monotherapy. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Glucose, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4, Sitagliptin, Metformin, glucose, sitagliptin, metformin, MTT, [ ( 14)C]glucose, glucose, glucose, insulin, C - peptide, insulin, glucagon, glucagon - like peptide, GLP-1, gastrointestinal insulinotropic peptide, GIP, MTT, MTT, insulin, glucagon, MTT, GLP-1, glucose, GLP-1, glucagon Options: GENE-Y, CHEMICAL	[ "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Mechanisms of Glucose Lowering of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin When Used Alone or With Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: A double-tracer study. OBJECTIVETo assess glucose-lowering mechanisms of sitagliptin (S), metformin (M), and the two combined (M+S).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe randomized 16 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to four 6-week treatments with placebo (P), M, S, and M+S. After each period, subjects received a 6-h meal tolerance test (MTT) with [(14)C]glucose to calculate glucose kinetics. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin, C-peptide (insulin secretory rate [ISR]), fasting plasma glucagon, and bioactive glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) and gastrointestinal insulinotropic peptide (GIP) was measured.RESULTSFPG decreased from P, 160 ± 4 to M, 150 ± 4; S, 154 ± 4; and M+S, 125 ± 3 mg/dL. Mean post-MTT PG decreased from P, 207 ± 5 to M, 191 ± 4; S, 195 ± 4; and M+S, 161 ± 3 mg/dL (P < 0.01]. The increase in mean post-MTT plasma insulin and in ISR was similar in P, M, and S and slightly greater in M+S. Fasting plasma glucagon was equal (∼65-75 pg/mL) with all treatments, but there was a significant drop during the initial 120 min with S 24% and M+S 34% (both P < 0.05) vs. P 17% and M 16%. Fasting and mean post-MTT plasma bioactive GLP-1 were higher (P < 0.01) after S and M+S vs. M and P. Basal endogenous glucose production (EGP) fell from P 2.0 ± 0.1 to S 1.8 ± 0.1 mg/kg ⋅ min, M 1.8 ± 0.2 mg/kg ⋅ min [both P < 0.05 vs. P), and M+S 1.5 ± 0.1 mg/kg ⋅ min (P < 0.01 vs. P). Although the EGP slope of decline was faster in M and M+S vs. S, all had comparable greater post-MTT EGP inhibition vs. P (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSM+S combined produce additive effects to 1) reduce FPG and postmeal PG, 2) augment GLP-1 secretion and β-cell function, 3) decrease plasma glucagon, and 4) inhibit fasting and postmeal EGP compared with M or S monotherapy.	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Glucose, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4, Sitagliptin, Metformin, glucose, sitagliptin, metformin, MTT, [ ( 14)C]glucose, glucose, glucose, insulin, C - peptide, insulin, glucagon, glucagon - like peptide, GLP-1, gastrointestinal insulinotropic peptide, GIP, MTT, MTT, insulin, glucagon, MTT, GLP-1, glucose, GLP-1, glucagon	9074_task2	Sentence: Mechanisms of Glucose Lowering of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin When Used Alone or With Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: A double-tracer study. OBJECTIVETo assess glucose-lowering mechanisms of sitagliptin (S), metformin (M), and the two combined (M+S).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe randomized 16 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to four 6-week treatments with placebo (P), M, S, and M+S. After each period, subjects received a 6-h meal tolerance test (MTT) with [(14)C]glucose to calculate glucose kinetics. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin, C-peptide (insulin secretory rate [ISR]), fasting plasma glucagon, and bioactive glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) and gastrointestinal insulinotropic peptide (GIP) was measured.RESULTSFPG decreased from P, 160 ± 4 to M, 150 ± 4; S, 154 ± 4; and M+S, 125 ± 3 mg/dL. Mean post-MTT PG decreased from P, 207 ± 5 to M, 191 ± 4; S, 195 ± 4; and M+S, 161 ± 3 mg/dL (P < 0.01]. The increase in mean post-MTT plasma insulin and in ISR was similar in P, M, and S and slightly greater in M+S. Fasting plasma glucagon was equal (∼65-75 pg/mL) with all treatments, but there was a significant drop during the initial 120 min with S 24% and M+S 34% (both P < 0.05) vs. P 17% and M 16%. Fasting and mean post-MTT plasma bioactive GLP-1 were higher (P < 0.01) after S and M+S vs. M and P. Basal endogenous glucose production (EGP) fell from P 2.0 ± 0.1 to S 1.8 ± 0.1 mg/kg ⋅ min, M 1.8 ± 0.2 mg/kg ⋅ min [both P < 0.05 vs. P), and M+S 1.5 ± 0.1 mg/kg ⋅ min (P < 0.01 vs. P). Although the EGP slope of decline was faster in M and M+S vs. S, all had comparable greater post-MTT EGP inhibition vs. P (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSM+S combined produce additive effects to 1) reduce FPG and postmeal PG, 2) augment GLP-1 secretion and β-cell function, 3) decrease plasma glucagon, and 4) inhibit fasting and postmeal EGP compared with M or S monotherapy. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Mechanisms of Glucose Lowering of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin When Used Alone or With Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: A double-tracer study. OBJECTIVETo assess glucose-lowering mechanisms of sitagliptin (S), metformin (M), and the two combined (M+S).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe randomized 16 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to four 6-week treatments with placebo (P), M, S, and M+S. After each period, subjects received a 6-h meal tolerance test (MTT) with [(14)C]glucose to calculate glucose kinetics. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin, C-peptide (insulin secretory rate [ISR]), fasting plasma glucagon, and bioactive glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) and gastrointestinal insulinotropic peptide (GIP) was measured.RESULTSFPG decreased from P, 160 ± 4 to M, 150 ± 4; S, 154 ± 4; and M+S, 125 ± 3 mg/dL. Mean post-MTT PG decreased from P, 207 ± 5 to M, 191 ± 4; S, 195 ± 4; and M+S, 161 ± 3 mg/dL (P < 0.01]. The increase in mean post-MTT plasma insulin and in ISR was similar in P, M, and S and slightly greater in M+S. Fasting plasma glucagon was equal (∼65-75 pg/mL) with all treatments, but there was a significant drop during the initial 120 min with S 24% and M+S 34% (both P < 0.05) vs. P 17% and M 16%. Fasting and mean post-MTT plasma bioactive GLP-1 were higher (P < 0.01) after S and M+S vs. M and P. Basal endogenous glucose production (EGP) fell from P 2.0 ± 0.1 to S 1.8 ± 0.1 mg/kg ⋅ min, M 1.8 ± 0.2 mg/kg ⋅ min [both P < 0.05 vs. P), and M+S 1.5 ± 0.1 mg/kg ⋅ min (P < 0.01 vs. P). Although the EGP slope of decline was faster in M and M+S vs. S, all had comparable greater post-MTT EGP inhibition vs. P (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSM+S combined produce additive effects to 1) reduce FPG and postmeal PG, 2) augment GLP-1 secretion and β-cell function, 3) decrease plasma glucagon, and 4) inhibit fasting and postmeal EGP compared with M or S monotherapy.	[ "Mechanisms", "of", "Glucose", "Lowering", "of", "Dipeptidyl", "Peptidase-4", "Inhibitor", "Sitagliptin", "When", "Used", "Alone", "or", "With", "Metformin", "in", "Type", "2", "Diabetes", ":", "A", "double", "-", "tracer", "study", ".", "\n", "OBJECTIVETo", "assess", "glucose", "-", "lowering", "mechanisms", "of", "sitagliptin", "(", "S", ")", ",", "metformin", "(", "M", ")", ",", "and", "the", "two", "combined", "(", "M+S).RESEARCH", "DESIGN", "AND", "METHODSWe", "randomized", "16", "patients", "with", "type", "2", "diabetes", "mellitus", "(", "T2DM", ")", "to", "four", "6-week", "treatments", "with", "placebo", "(", "P", ")", ",", "M", ",", "S", ",", "and", "M+S.", "After", "each", "period", ",", "subjects", "received", "a", "6-h", "meal", "tolerance", "test", "(", "MTT", ")", "with", "[", "(", "14)C]glucose", "to", "calculate", "glucose", "kinetics", ".", "Fasting", "plasma", "glucose", "(", "FPG", ")", ",", "fasting", "plasma", "insulin", ",", "C", "-", "peptide", "(", "insulin", "secretory", "rate", "[", "ISR", "]", ")", ",", "fasting", "plasma", "glucagon", ",", "and", "bioactive", "glucagon", "-", "like", "peptide", "(", "GLP-1", ")", "and", "gastrointestinal", "insulinotropic", "peptide", "(", "GIP", ")", "was", "measured", ".", "RESULTSFPG", "decreased", "from", "P", ",", "160", "±", "4", "to", "M", ",", "150", "±", "4", ";", "S", ",", "154", "±", "4", ";", "and", "M+S", ",", "125", "±", "3", "mg", "/", "dL.", "Mean", "post", "-", "MTT", "PG", "decreased", "from", "P", ",", "207", "±", "5", "to", "M", ",", "191", "±", "4", ";", "S", ",", "195", "±", "4", ";", "and", "M+S", ",", "161", "±", "3", "mg", "/", "dL", "(", "P", "<", "0.01", "]", ".", "The", "increase", "in", "mean", "post", "-", "MTT", "plasma", "insulin", "and", "in", "ISR", "was", "similar", "in", "P", ",", "M", ",", "and", "S", "and", "slightly", "greater", "in", "M+S.", "Fasting", "plasma", "glucagon", "was", "equal", "(", "∼65", "-", "75", "pg", "/", "mL", ")", "with", "all", "treatments", ",", "but", "there", "was", "a", "significant", "drop", "during", "the", "initial", "120", "min", "with", "S", "24", "%", "and", "M+S", "34", "%", "(", "both", "P", "<", "0.05", ")", "vs", ".", "P", "17", "%", "and", "M", "16", "%", ".", "Fasting", "and", "mean", "post", "-", "MTT", "plasma", "bioactive", "GLP-1", "were", "higher", "(", "P", "<", "0.01", ")", "after", "S", "and", "M+S", "vs", ".", "M", "and", "P.", "Basal", "endogenous", "glucose", "production", "(", "EGP", ")", "fell", "from", "P", "2.0", "±", "0.1", "to", "S", "1.8", "±", "0.1", "mg", "/", "kg", "⋅", "min", ",", "M", "1.8", "±", "0.2", "mg", "/", "kg", "⋅", "min", "[", "both", "P", "<", "0.05", "vs", ".", "P", ")", ",", "and", "M+S", "1.5", "±", "0.1", "mg", "/", "kg", "⋅", "min", "(", "P", "<", "0.01", "vs", ".", "P", ")", ".", "Although", "the", "EGP", "slope", "of", "decline", "was", "faster", "in", "M", "and", "M+S", "vs", ".", "S", ",", "all", "had", "comparable", "greater", "post", "-", "MTT", "EGP", "inhibition", "vs", ".", "P", "(", "P", "<", "0.05).CONCLUSIONSM+S", "combined", "produce", "additive", "effects", "to", "1", ")", "reduce", "FPG", "and", "postmeal", "PG", ",", "2", ")", "augment", "GLP-1", "secretion", "and", "β", "-", "cell", "function", ",", "3", ")", "decrease", "plasma", "glucagon", ",", "and", "4", ")", "inhibit", "fasting", "and", "postmeal", "EGP", "compared", "with", "M", "or", "S", "monotherapy", "." ]	[ "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL" ]
patients is an umlsterm, age is an umlsterm, age is an umlsterm, proven is an umlsterm, balanitis is an umlsterm, circumcision is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, symptoms is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, physical examination is an umlsterm, retrospective study is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, balanitis is an umlsterm, circumcision is an umlsterm, period is an umlsterm, lichen is an umlsterm, patient is an umlsterm, circumcision is an umlsterm, balanitis is an umlsterm, circumcision is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, balanitis is an umlsterm, balanitis is an umlsterm, preputial - ecology is an umlsterm, diseases is an umlsterm, balanitis is an umlsterm	DerHautarzt.80490552.eng.abstr_task0	Sentence: During the years 1985 up to 1995 53 patients between 18 and 80 years of age ( mean age 54,7 years ) with histologically and clinically proven Zoon's balanitis were treated by circumcision . The majority of patients had symptoms for more than 12 months . In five cases they had lasted for 8 , 10 , 16 , 17 and 47 ( ! ) years . 30 patients were investigated by means of physical examination and questionaire in this retrospective study . Lesions involved glans in all patients , while in 17 of 30 patients both glans and prepuce were involved . None of the patients showed lesions of the prepuce only . In most cases Zoon's balanitis was successfully treated by circumcision in a period of two to four weeks . In four cases , psoriatic lesions , and in one case lichen ruber was diagnosed . In the remaining patient , whose circumcision was inadequate , a small area of balanitis persisted in the sulcus coronarius still covered by the foreskin . The curative effect of adequate circumcision in 100% of patients suggests that Zoon's balanitis is a relatively non-specific reactive balanitis caused by a disturbed " preputial-ecology " . It is remarkable that other distinct inflammatory diseases of glans and prepuce can show features which are identical to those Zoon's balanitis . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O" ]	During the years 1985 up to 1995 53 patients between 18 and 80 years of age ( mean age 54,7 years ) with histologically and clinically proven Zoon's balanitis were treated by circumcision . The majority of patients had symptoms for more than 12 months . In five cases they had lasted for 8 , 10 , 16 , 17 and 47 ( ! ) years . 30 patients were investigated by means of physical examination and questionaire in this retrospective study . Lesions involved glans in all patients , while in 17 of 30 patients both glans and prepuce were involved . None of the patients showed lesions of the prepuce only . In most cases Zoon's balanitis was successfully treated by circumcision in a period of two to four weeks . In four cases , psoriatic lesions , and in one case lichen ruber was diagnosed . In the remaining patient , whose circumcision was inadequate , a small area of balanitis persisted in the sulcus coronarius still covered by the foreskin . The curative effect of adequate circumcision in 100% of patients suggests that Zoon's balanitis is a relatively non-specific reactive balanitis caused by a disturbed " preputial-ecology " . It is remarkable that other distinct inflammatory diseases of glans and prepuce can show features which are identical to those Zoon's balanitis .	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patients is an umlsterm, age is an umlsterm, age is an umlsterm, proven is an umlsterm, balanitis is an umlsterm, circumcision is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, symptoms is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, physical examination is an umlsterm, retrospective study is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, balanitis is an umlsterm, circumcision is an umlsterm, period is an umlsterm, lichen is an umlsterm, patient is an umlsterm, circumcision is an umlsterm, balanitis is an umlsterm, circumcision is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, balanitis is an umlsterm, balanitis is an umlsterm, preputial - ecology is an umlsterm, diseases is an umlsterm, balanitis is an umlsterm	DerHautarzt.80490552.eng.abstr_task1	Sentence: During the years 1985 up to 1995 53 patients between 18 and 80 years of age ( mean age 54,7 years ) with histologically and clinically proven Zoon's balanitis were treated by circumcision . The majority of patients had symptoms for more than 12 months . In five cases they had lasted for 8 , 10 , 16 , 17 and 47 ( ! ) years . 30 patients were investigated by means of physical examination and questionaire in this retrospective study . Lesions involved glans in all patients , while in 17 of 30 patients both glans and prepuce were involved . None of the patients showed lesions of the prepuce only . In most cases Zoon's balanitis was successfully treated by circumcision in a period of two to four weeks . In four cases , psoriatic lesions , and in one case lichen ruber was diagnosed . In the remaining patient , whose circumcision was inadequate , a small area of balanitis persisted in the sulcus coronarius still covered by the foreskin . The curative effect of adequate circumcision in 100% of patients suggests that Zoon's balanitis is a relatively non-specific reactive balanitis caused by a disturbed " preputial-ecology " . It is remarkable that other distinct inflammatory diseases of glans and prepuce can show features which are identical to those Zoon's balanitis . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: patients, age, age, proven, balanitis, circumcision, patients, symptoms, patients, physical examination, retrospective study, patients, patients, patients, balanitis, circumcision, period, lichen, patient, circumcision, balanitis, circumcision, patients, balanitis, balanitis, preputial - ecology, diseases, balanitis Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O" ]	During the years 1985 up to 1995 53 patients between 18 and 80 years of age ( mean age 54,7 years ) with histologically and clinically proven Zoon's balanitis were treated by circumcision . The majority of patients had symptoms for more than 12 months . In five cases they had lasted for 8 , 10 , 16 , 17 and 47 ( ! ) years . 30 patients were investigated by means of physical examination and questionaire in this retrospective study . Lesions involved glans in all patients , while in 17 of 30 patients both glans and prepuce were involved . None of the patients showed lesions of the prepuce only . In most cases Zoon's balanitis was successfully treated by circumcision in a period of two to four weeks . In four cases , psoriatic lesions , and in one case lichen ruber was diagnosed . In the remaining patient , whose circumcision was inadequate , a small area of balanitis persisted in the sulcus coronarius still covered by the foreskin . The curative effect of adequate circumcision in 100% of patients suggests that Zoon's balanitis is a relatively non-specific reactive balanitis caused by a disturbed " preputial-ecology " . It is remarkable that other distinct inflammatory diseases of glans and prepuce can show features which are identical to those Zoon's balanitis .	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patients, age, age, proven, balanitis, circumcision, patients, symptoms, patients, physical examination, retrospective study, patients, patients, patients, balanitis, circumcision, period, lichen, patient, circumcision, balanitis, circumcision, patients, balanitis, balanitis, preputial - ecology, diseases, balanitis	DerHautarzt.80490552.eng.abstr_task2	Sentence: During the years 1985 up to 1995 53 patients between 18 and 80 years of age ( mean age 54,7 years ) with histologically and clinically proven Zoon's balanitis were treated by circumcision . The majority of patients had symptoms for more than 12 months . In five cases they had lasted for 8 , 10 , 16 , 17 and 47 ( ! ) years . 30 patients were investigated by means of physical examination and questionaire in this retrospective study . Lesions involved glans in all patients , while in 17 of 30 patients both glans and prepuce were involved . None of the patients showed lesions of the prepuce only . In most cases Zoon's balanitis was successfully treated by circumcision in a period of two to four weeks . In four cases , psoriatic lesions , and in one case lichen ruber was diagnosed . In the remaining patient , whose circumcision was inadequate , a small area of balanitis persisted in the sulcus coronarius still covered by the foreskin . The curative effect of adequate circumcision in 100% of patients suggests that Zoon's balanitis is a relatively non-specific reactive balanitis caused by a disturbed " preputial-ecology " . It is remarkable that other distinct inflammatory diseases of glans and prepuce can show features which are identical to those Zoon's balanitis . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O" ]	During the years 1985 up to 1995 53 patients between 18 and 80 years of age ( mean age 54,7 years ) with histologically and clinically proven Zoon's balanitis were treated by circumcision . The majority of patients had symptoms for more than 12 months . In five cases they had lasted for 8 , 10 , 16 , 17 and 47 ( ! ) years . 30 patients were investigated by means of physical examination and questionaire in this retrospective study . Lesions involved glans in all patients , while in 17 of 30 patients both glans and prepuce were involved . None of the patients showed lesions of the prepuce only . In most cases Zoon's balanitis was successfully treated by circumcision in a period of two to four weeks . In four cases , psoriatic lesions , and in one case lichen ruber was diagnosed . In the remaining patient , whose circumcision was inadequate , a small area of balanitis persisted in the sulcus coronarius still covered by the foreskin . The curative effect of adequate circumcision in 100% of patients suggests that Zoon's balanitis is a relatively non-specific reactive balanitis caused by a disturbed " preputial-ecology " . It is remarkable that other distinct inflammatory diseases of glans and prepuce can show features which are identical to those Zoon's balanitis .	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Lidocaine is a Intervention_Pharmacological, bupivacaine is a Intervention_Pharmacological, 60 is a Participant_Sample-size, healthy patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery is a Participant_Condition, epinephrine . is a Intervention_Pharmacological, 0.5 per cent bupivacaine HCl , 2 per cent lidocaine HCl , and lidocaine - bupivacaine mixtures is a Intervention_Pharmacological, Onset and complete spread of is a Outcome_Mental, sensory blockade is a Outcome_Physical, duration of action is a Outcome_Other, Onset of complete motor blockade is a Outcome_Physical, degree of motor blockade is a Outcome_Physical	80304_task0	Sentence: Lidocaine and bupivacaine mixtures for epidural blockade . In a prospective double-blind clinical study , single-dose lumbar epidural blockade was instituted in 60 healthy patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery . Patients were randomly assigned to one of five groups . Each group received treatment with a different local anesthetic solution containing 1:200,000 epinephrine . Local anesthetic solutions used were 0.5 per cent bupivacaine HCl , 2 per cent lidocaine HCl , and lidocaine-bupivacaine mixtures in the ratios of 1:3 , 1:1 or 3:1 by volume . Onset and complete spread of sensory blockade were similar in all five groups . Time to regression to two segments of partial and complete sensory blockade was positively correlated ( P less than 0.05 ) with increasing dose of bupivacaine in the solutions and ranged from 84 min ( partial ) and 70 min ( complete ) for lidocaine , to 128 min ( partial ) and 101 min ( complete ) for bupivacaine . Using skin temperature as a criterion of sympathetic blockade , all three mixtures demonstrated a duration of action intermediate between the two single drugs , lidocaine ( 124 +/- 13 min ) and bupivacaine ( 286 +/- 32 min ) . Onset of complete motor blockade was fastest and the degree of motor blockade was most profound with the mixture containing equal proportions of lidocaine and bupivacaine . Pharmacokinetics of individual drugs were unaltered in any of the mixtures . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size, Outcome_Other, Outcome_Mental	[ "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Lidocaine and bupivacaine mixtures for epidural blockade . In a prospective double-blind clinical study , single-dose lumbar epidural blockade was instituted in 60 healthy patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery . Patients were randomly assigned to one of five groups . Each group received treatment with a different local anesthetic solution containing 1:200,000 epinephrine . Local anesthetic solutions used were 0.5 per cent bupivacaine HCl , 2 per cent lidocaine HCl , and lidocaine-bupivacaine mixtures in the ratios of 1:3 , 1:1 or 3:1 by volume . Onset and complete spread of sensory blockade were similar in all five groups . Time to regression to two segments of partial and complete sensory blockade was positively correlated ( P less than 0.05 ) with increasing dose of bupivacaine in the solutions and ranged from 84 min ( partial ) and 70 min ( complete ) for lidocaine , to 128 min ( partial ) and 101 min ( complete ) for bupivacaine . Using skin temperature as a criterion of sympathetic blockade , all three mixtures demonstrated a duration of action intermediate between the two single drugs , lidocaine ( 124 +/- 13 min ) and bupivacaine ( 286 +/- 32 min ) . Onset of complete motor blockade was fastest and the degree of motor blockade was most profound with the mixture containing equal proportions of lidocaine and bupivacaine . Pharmacokinetics of individual drugs were unaltered in any of the mixtures .	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Lidocaine is a Intervention_Pharmacological, bupivacaine is a Intervention_Pharmacological, 60 is a Participant_Sample-size, healthy patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery is a Participant_Condition, epinephrine . is a Intervention_Pharmacological, 0.5 per cent bupivacaine HCl , 2 per cent lidocaine HCl , and lidocaine - bupivacaine mixtures is a Intervention_Pharmacological, Onset and complete spread of is a Outcome_Mental, sensory blockade is a Outcome_Physical, duration of action is a Outcome_Other, Onset of complete motor blockade is a Outcome_Physical, degree of motor blockade is a Outcome_Physical	80304_task1	Sentence: Lidocaine and bupivacaine mixtures for epidural blockade . In a prospective double-blind clinical study , single-dose lumbar epidural blockade was instituted in 60 healthy patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery . Patients were randomly assigned to one of five groups . Each group received treatment with a different local anesthetic solution containing 1:200,000 epinephrine . Local anesthetic solutions used were 0.5 per cent bupivacaine HCl , 2 per cent lidocaine HCl , and lidocaine-bupivacaine mixtures in the ratios of 1:3 , 1:1 or 3:1 by volume . Onset and complete spread of sensory blockade were similar in all five groups . Time to regression to two segments of partial and complete sensory blockade was positively correlated ( P less than 0.05 ) with increasing dose of bupivacaine in the solutions and ranged from 84 min ( partial ) and 70 min ( complete ) for lidocaine , to 128 min ( partial ) and 101 min ( complete ) for bupivacaine . Using skin temperature as a criterion of sympathetic blockade , all three mixtures demonstrated a duration of action intermediate between the two single drugs , lidocaine ( 124 +/- 13 min ) and bupivacaine ( 286 +/- 32 min ) . Onset of complete motor blockade was fastest and the degree of motor blockade was most profound with the mixture containing equal proportions of lidocaine and bupivacaine . Pharmacokinetics of individual drugs were unaltered in any of the mixtures . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Lidocaine, bupivacaine, 60, healthy patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery, epinephrine ., 0.5 per cent bupivacaine HCl , 2 per cent lidocaine HCl , and lidocaine - bupivacaine mixtures, Onset and complete spread of, sensory blockade, duration of action, Onset of complete motor blockade, degree of motor blockade Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size, Outcome_Other, Outcome_Mental	[ "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Lidocaine and bupivacaine mixtures for epidural blockade . In a prospective double-blind clinical study , single-dose lumbar epidural blockade was instituted in 60 healthy patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery . Patients were randomly assigned to one of five groups . Each group received treatment with a different local anesthetic solution containing 1:200,000 epinephrine . Local anesthetic solutions used were 0.5 per cent bupivacaine HCl , 2 per cent lidocaine HCl , and lidocaine-bupivacaine mixtures in the ratios of 1:3 , 1:1 or 3:1 by volume . Onset and complete spread of sensory blockade were similar in all five groups . Time to regression to two segments of partial and complete sensory blockade was positively correlated ( P less than 0.05 ) with increasing dose of bupivacaine in the solutions and ranged from 84 min ( partial ) and 70 min ( complete ) for lidocaine , to 128 min ( partial ) and 101 min ( complete ) for bupivacaine . Using skin temperature as a criterion of sympathetic blockade , all three mixtures demonstrated a duration of action intermediate between the two single drugs , lidocaine ( 124 +/- 13 min ) and bupivacaine ( 286 +/- 32 min ) . Onset of complete motor blockade was fastest and the degree of motor blockade was most profound with the mixture containing equal proportions of lidocaine and bupivacaine . Pharmacokinetics of individual drugs were unaltered in any of the mixtures .	[ "Lidocaine", "and", "bupivacaine", "mixtures", "for", "epidural", "blockade", ".", "In", "a", "prospective", "double", "-", "blind", "clinical", "study", ",", "single", "-", "dose", "lumbar", "epidural", "blockade", "was", "instituted", "in", "60", "healthy", "patients", "undergoing", "lower", "abdominal", "surgery", ".", "Patients", "were", "randomly", "assigned", "to", "one", "of", "five", "groups", ".", "Each", "group", "received", "treatment", "with", "a", "different", "local", "anesthetic", "solution", "containing", "1:200,000", "epinephrine", ".", "Local", "anesthetic", "solutions", "used", "were", "0.5", "per", "cent", "bupivacaine", "HCl", ",", "2", "per", "cent", "lidocaine", "HCl", ",", "and", "lidocaine", "-", "bupivacaine", "mixtures", "in", "the", "ratios", "of", "1:3", ",", "1:1", "or", "3:1", "by", "volume", ".", "Onset", "and", "complete", "spread", "of", "sensory", "blockade", "were", "similar", "in", "all", "five", "groups", ".", "Time", "to", "regression", "to", "two", "segments", "of", "partial", "and", "complete", "sensory", "blockade", "was", "positively", "correlated", "(", "P", "less", "than", "0.05", ")", "with", "increasing", "dose", "of", "bupivacaine", "in", "the", "solutions", "and", "ranged", "from", "84", "min", "(", "partial", ")", "and", "70", "min", "(", "complete", ")", "for", "lidocaine", ",", "to", "128", "min", "(", "partial", ")", "and", "101", "min", "(", "complete", ")", "for", "bupivacaine", ".", "Using", "skin", "temperature", "as", "a", "criterion", "of", "sympathetic", "blockade", ",", "all", "three", "mixtures", "demonstrated", "a", "duration", "of", "action", "intermediate", "between", "the", "two", "single", "drugs", ",", "lidocaine", "(", "124", "+", "/-", "13", "min", ")", "and", "bupivacaine", "(", "286", "+", "/-", "32", "min", ")", ".", "Onset", "of", "complete", "motor", "blockade", "was", "fastest", "and", "the", "degree", "of", "motor", "blockade", "was", "most", "profound", "with", "the", "mixture", "containing", "equal", "proportions", "of", "lidocaine", "and", "bupivacaine", ".", "Pharmacokinetics", "of", "individual", "drugs", "were", "unaltered", "in", "any", "of", "the", "mixtures", "." ]	[ "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Condition", "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Mental", "Outcome_Other", "Participant_Sample-size" ]
Lidocaine, bupivacaine, 60, healthy patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery, epinephrine ., 0.5 per cent bupivacaine HCl , 2 per cent lidocaine HCl , and lidocaine - bupivacaine mixtures, Onset and complete spread of, sensory blockade, duration of action, Onset of complete motor blockade, degree of motor blockade	80304_task2	Sentence: Lidocaine and bupivacaine mixtures for epidural blockade . In a prospective double-blind clinical study , single-dose lumbar epidural blockade was instituted in 60 healthy patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery . Patients were randomly assigned to one of five groups . Each group received treatment with a different local anesthetic solution containing 1:200,000 epinephrine . Local anesthetic solutions used were 0.5 per cent bupivacaine HCl , 2 per cent lidocaine HCl , and lidocaine-bupivacaine mixtures in the ratios of 1:3 , 1:1 or 3:1 by volume . Onset and complete spread of sensory blockade were similar in all five groups . Time to regression to two segments of partial and complete sensory blockade was positively correlated ( P less than 0.05 ) with increasing dose of bupivacaine in the solutions and ranged from 84 min ( partial ) and 70 min ( complete ) for lidocaine , to 128 min ( partial ) and 101 min ( complete ) for bupivacaine . Using skin temperature as a criterion of sympathetic blockade , all three mixtures demonstrated a duration of action intermediate between the two single drugs , lidocaine ( 124 +/- 13 min ) and bupivacaine ( 286 +/- 32 min ) . Onset of complete motor blockade was fastest and the degree of motor blockade was most profound with the mixture containing equal proportions of lidocaine and bupivacaine . Pharmacokinetics of individual drugs were unaltered in any of the mixtures . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Lidocaine and bupivacaine mixtures for epidural blockade . In a prospective double-blind clinical study , single-dose lumbar epidural blockade was instituted in 60 healthy patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery . Patients were randomly assigned to one of five groups . Each group received treatment with a different local anesthetic solution containing 1:200,000 epinephrine . Local anesthetic solutions used were 0.5 per cent bupivacaine HCl , 2 per cent lidocaine HCl , and lidocaine-bupivacaine mixtures in the ratios of 1:3 , 1:1 or 3:1 by volume . Onset and complete spread of sensory blockade were similar in all five groups . Time to regression to two segments of partial and complete sensory blockade was positively correlated ( P less than 0.05 ) with increasing dose of bupivacaine in the solutions and ranged from 84 min ( partial ) and 70 min ( complete ) for lidocaine , to 128 min ( partial ) and 101 min ( complete ) for bupivacaine . Using skin temperature as a criterion of sympathetic blockade , all three mixtures demonstrated a duration of action intermediate between the two single drugs , lidocaine ( 124 +/- 13 min ) and bupivacaine ( 286 +/- 32 min ) . Onset of complete motor blockade was fastest and the degree of motor blockade was most profound with the mixture containing equal proportions of lidocaine and bupivacaine . Pharmacokinetics of individual drugs were unaltered in any of the mixtures .	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transthoracic echocardiographic detection is a Outcome_Other, of patent foramen ovale is a Outcome_Physical, precordial echocardiographic detection is a Outcome_Other, atrial defects is a Outcome_Physical, Transthoracic contrast examinations is a Intervention_Physical, contrast agent injections ( 10 ml dextrose in water/0.25 ml air ) is a Intervention_Pharmacological, Catheterization is a Outcome_Other, assessment of patent foramen ovale is a Outcome_Physical, intensity of left ventricular opacification is a Outcome_Other, sensitive is a Outcome_Physical, Femoral vein contrast delivery is a Intervention_Physical, ability of precordial contrast echocardiography to diagnose patent foramen ovale . is a Outcome_Other	84799_task0	Sentence: Femoral vein delivery of contrast medium enhances transthoracic echocardiographic detection of patent foramen ovale . OBJECTIVES We postulated that femoral vein delivery of contrast medium because of streaming , might enhance precordial echocardiographic detection of patent foramen ovale . BACKGROUND Although precordial contrast echocardiography is widely used to diagnose patent foramen ovale , this method is limited by poor sensitivity . Previous investigators have demonstrated enhanced detection of atrial defects by the dye-dilution technique after delivery of contrast medium into the inferior rather than the superior vena cava . METHODS Transthoracic contrast examinations were performed in a randomly selected group of 70 patients ( without previous history of cerebral or systemic embolus ) undergoing cardiac catheterization . Paired contrast agent injections ( 10 ml dextrose in water/0.25 ml air ) were administered from an upper extremity vein and femoral vein in each patient during spontaneous respiration , cough and Valsalva maneuvers . Studies were interpreted by an experienced echocardiographer unaware of the sequence and site of injections . Positive studies were semiquantitatively graded from +1 ( minimal left ventricular opacification ) to +4 ( intense left ventricular opacification ) . Catheterization and echocardiographic assessment of patent foramen ovale were compared in 21 subjects . RESULTS Patent foramen ovale was detected significantly more often during femoral vein versus upper extremity contrast delivery ( 23 of 70 patients [ prevalence 33 % ] vs. 9 of 70 patients [ prevalence 13 % ] , p < 0.001 ) . The intensity of left ventricular opacification was also greater during femoral vein contrast injection . Precordial echocardiography combined with femoral contrast delivery was significantly more sensitive than cardiac catheterization for assessment of patent foramen ovale ( 8 of 21 patients vs. 2 of 21 patients , p < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS Femoral vein contrast delivery significantly enhances the ability of precordial contrast echocardiography to diagnose patent foramen ovale . Physiologic patency of the foramen ovale is more common ( prevalence 33 % ) than previously documented . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Physical, Outcome_Other, Intervention_Pharmacological, Outcome_Physical	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Femoral vein delivery of contrast medium enhances transthoracic echocardiographic detection of patent foramen ovale . OBJECTIVES We postulated that femoral vein delivery of contrast medium because of streaming , might enhance precordial echocardiographic detection of patent foramen ovale . BACKGROUND Although precordial contrast echocardiography is widely used to diagnose patent foramen ovale , this method is limited by poor sensitivity . Previous investigators have demonstrated enhanced detection of atrial defects by the dye-dilution technique after delivery of contrast medium into the inferior rather than the superior vena cava . METHODS Transthoracic contrast examinations were performed in a randomly selected group of 70 patients ( without previous history of cerebral or systemic embolus ) undergoing cardiac catheterization . Paired contrast agent injections ( 10 ml dextrose in water/0.25 ml air ) were administered from an upper extremity vein and femoral vein in each patient during spontaneous respiration , cough and Valsalva maneuvers . Studies were interpreted by an experienced echocardiographer unaware of the sequence and site of injections . Positive studies were semiquantitatively graded from +1 ( minimal left ventricular opacification ) to +4 ( intense left ventricular opacification ) . Catheterization and echocardiographic assessment of patent foramen ovale were compared in 21 subjects . RESULTS Patent foramen ovale was detected significantly more often during femoral vein versus upper extremity contrast delivery ( 23 of 70 patients [ prevalence 33 % ] vs. 9 of 70 patients [ prevalence 13 % ] , p < 0.001 ) . The intensity of left ventricular opacification was also greater during femoral vein contrast injection . Precordial echocardiography combined with femoral contrast delivery was significantly more sensitive than cardiac catheterization for assessment of patent foramen ovale ( 8 of 21 patients vs. 2 of 21 patients , p < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS Femoral vein contrast delivery significantly enhances the ability of precordial contrast echocardiography to diagnose patent foramen ovale . Physiologic patency of the foramen ovale is more common ( prevalence 33 % ) than previously documented .	[ "Femoral", "vein", "delivery", "of", "contrast", "medium", "enhances", "transthoracic", "echocardiographic", "detection", "of", "patent", "foramen", "ovale", ".", "OBJECTIVES", "We", "postulated", "that", "femoral", "vein", "delivery", "of", "contrast", "medium", "because", "of", "streaming", ",", "might", "enhance", "precordial", "echocardiographic", "detection", "of", "patent", "foramen", "ovale", ".", "BACKGROUND", "Although", "precordial", "contrast", "echocardiography", "is", "widely", "used", "to", "diagnose", "patent", "foramen", "ovale", ",", "this", "method", "is", "limited", "by", "poor", "sensitivity", ".", "Previous", "investigators", "have", "demonstrated", "enhanced", "detection", "of", "atrial", "defects", "by", "the", "dye", "-", "dilution", "technique", "after", "delivery", "of", "contrast", "medium", "into", "the", "inferior", "rather", "than", "the", "superior", "vena", "cava", ".", "METHODS", "Transthoracic", "contrast", "examinations", "were", "performed", "in", "a", "randomly", "selected", "group", "of", "70", "patients", "(", "without", "previous", "history", "of", "cerebral", "or", "systemic", "embolus", ")", "undergoing", "cardiac", "catheterization", ".", "Paired", "contrast", "agent", "injections", "(", "10", "ml", "dextrose", "in", "water/0.25", "ml", "air", ")", "were", "administered", "from", "an", "upper", "extremity", "vein", "and", "femoral", "vein", "in", "each", "patient", "during", "spontaneous", "respiration", ",", "cough", "and", "Valsalva", "maneuvers", ".", "Studies", "were", "interpreted", "by", "an", "experienced", "echocardiographer", "unaware", "of", "the", "sequence", "and", "site", "of", "injections", ".", "Positive", "studies", "were", "semiquantitatively", "graded", "from", "+1", "(", "minimal", "left", "ventricular", "opacification", ")", "to", "+4", "(", "intense", "left", "ventricular", "opacification", ")", ".", "Catheterization", "and", "echocardiographic", "assessment", "of", "patent", "foramen", "ovale", "were", "compared", "in", "21", "subjects", ".", "RESULTS", "Patent", "foramen", "ovale", "was", "detected", "significantly", "more", "often", "during", "femoral", "vein", "versus", "upper", "extremity", "contrast", "delivery", "(", "23", "of", "70", "patients", "[", "prevalence", "33", "%", "]", "vs", ".", "9", "of", "70", "patients", "[", "prevalence", "13", "%", "]", ",", "p", "<", "0.001", ")", ".", "The", "intensity", "of", "left", "ventricular", "opacification", "was", "also", "greater", "during", "femoral", "vein", "contrast", "injection", ".", "Precordial", "echocardiography", "combined", "with", "femoral", "contrast", "delivery", "was", "significantly", "more", "sensitive", "than", "cardiac", "catheterization", "for", "assessment", "of", "patent", "foramen", "ovale", "(", "8", "of", "21", "patients", "vs", ".", "2", "of", "21", "patients", ",", "p", "<", "0.05", ")", ".", "CONCLUSIONS", "Femoral", "vein", "contrast", "delivery", "significantly", "enhances", "the", "ability", "of", "precordial", "contrast", "echocardiography", "to", "diagnose", "patent", "foramen", "ovale", ".", "Physiologic", "patency", "of", "the", "foramen", "ovale", "is", "more", "common", "(", "prevalence", "33", "%", ")", "than", "previously", "documented", "." ]	[ "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Intervention_Physical", "Outcome_Physical" ]
transthoracic echocardiographic detection is a Outcome_Other, of patent foramen ovale is a Outcome_Physical, precordial echocardiographic detection is a Outcome_Other, atrial defects is a Outcome_Physical, Transthoracic contrast examinations is a Intervention_Physical, contrast agent injections ( 10 ml dextrose in water/0.25 ml air ) is a Intervention_Pharmacological, Catheterization is a Outcome_Other, assessment of patent foramen ovale is a Outcome_Physical, intensity of left ventricular opacification is a Outcome_Other, sensitive is a Outcome_Physical, Femoral vein contrast delivery is a Intervention_Physical, ability of precordial contrast echocardiography to diagnose patent foramen ovale . is a Outcome_Other	84799_task1	Sentence: Femoral vein delivery of contrast medium enhances transthoracic echocardiographic detection of patent foramen ovale . OBJECTIVES We postulated that femoral vein delivery of contrast medium because of streaming , might enhance precordial echocardiographic detection of patent foramen ovale . BACKGROUND Although precordial contrast echocardiography is widely used to diagnose patent foramen ovale , this method is limited by poor sensitivity . Previous investigators have demonstrated enhanced detection of atrial defects by the dye-dilution technique after delivery of contrast medium into the inferior rather than the superior vena cava . METHODS Transthoracic contrast examinations were performed in a randomly selected group of 70 patients ( without previous history of cerebral or systemic embolus ) undergoing cardiac catheterization . Paired contrast agent injections ( 10 ml dextrose in water/0.25 ml air ) were administered from an upper extremity vein and femoral vein in each patient during spontaneous respiration , cough and Valsalva maneuvers . Studies were interpreted by an experienced echocardiographer unaware of the sequence and site of injections . Positive studies were semiquantitatively graded from +1 ( minimal left ventricular opacification ) to +4 ( intense left ventricular opacification ) . Catheterization and echocardiographic assessment of patent foramen ovale were compared in 21 subjects . RESULTS Patent foramen ovale was detected significantly more often during femoral vein versus upper extremity contrast delivery ( 23 of 70 patients [ prevalence 33 % ] vs. 9 of 70 patients [ prevalence 13 % ] , p < 0.001 ) . The intensity of left ventricular opacification was also greater during femoral vein contrast injection . Precordial echocardiography combined with femoral contrast delivery was significantly more sensitive than cardiac catheterization for assessment of patent foramen ovale ( 8 of 21 patients vs. 2 of 21 patients , p < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS Femoral vein contrast delivery significantly enhances the ability of precordial contrast echocardiography to diagnose patent foramen ovale . Physiologic patency of the foramen ovale is more common ( prevalence 33 % ) than previously documented . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: transthoracic echocardiographic detection, of patent foramen ovale, precordial echocardiographic detection, atrial defects, Transthoracic contrast examinations, contrast agent injections ( 10 ml dextrose in water/0.25 ml air ), Catheterization, assessment of patent foramen ovale, intensity of left ventricular opacification, sensitive, Femoral vein contrast delivery, ability of precordial contrast echocardiography to diagnose patent foramen ovale . Options: Intervention_Physical, Outcome_Other, Intervention_Pharmacological, Outcome_Physical	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Femoral vein delivery of contrast medium enhances transthoracic echocardiographic detection of patent foramen ovale . OBJECTIVES We postulated that femoral vein delivery of contrast medium because of streaming , might enhance precordial echocardiographic detection of patent foramen ovale . BACKGROUND Although precordial contrast echocardiography is widely used to diagnose patent foramen ovale , this method is limited by poor sensitivity . Previous investigators have demonstrated enhanced detection of atrial defects by the dye-dilution technique after delivery of contrast medium into the inferior rather than the superior vena cava . METHODS Transthoracic contrast examinations were performed in a randomly selected group of 70 patients ( without previous history of cerebral or systemic embolus ) undergoing cardiac catheterization . Paired contrast agent injections ( 10 ml dextrose in water/0.25 ml air ) were administered from an upper extremity vein and femoral vein in each patient during spontaneous respiration , cough and Valsalva maneuvers . Studies were interpreted by an experienced echocardiographer unaware of the sequence and site of injections . Positive studies were semiquantitatively graded from +1 ( minimal left ventricular opacification ) to +4 ( intense left ventricular opacification ) . Catheterization and echocardiographic assessment of patent foramen ovale were compared in 21 subjects . RESULTS Patent foramen ovale was detected significantly more often during femoral vein versus upper extremity contrast delivery ( 23 of 70 patients [ prevalence 33 % ] vs. 9 of 70 patients [ prevalence 13 % ] , p < 0.001 ) . The intensity of left ventricular opacification was also greater during femoral vein contrast injection . Precordial echocardiography combined with femoral contrast delivery was significantly more sensitive than cardiac catheterization for assessment of patent foramen ovale ( 8 of 21 patients vs. 2 of 21 patients , p < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS Femoral vein contrast delivery significantly enhances the ability of precordial contrast echocardiography to diagnose patent foramen ovale . Physiologic patency of the foramen ovale is more common ( prevalence 33 % ) than previously documented .	[ "Femoral", "vein", "delivery", "of", "contrast", "medium", "enhances", "transthoracic", "echocardiographic", "detection", "of", "patent", "foramen", "ovale", ".", "OBJECTIVES", "We", "postulated", "that", "femoral", "vein", "delivery", "of", "contrast", "medium", "because", "of", "streaming", ",", "might", "enhance", "precordial", "echocardiographic", "detection", "of", "patent", "foramen", "ovale", ".", "BACKGROUND", "Although", "precordial", "contrast", "echocardiography", "is", "widely", "used", "to", "diagnose", "patent", "foramen", "ovale", ",", "this", "method", "is", "limited", "by", "poor", "sensitivity", ".", "Previous", "investigators", "have", "demonstrated", "enhanced", "detection", "of", "atrial", "defects", "by", "the", "dye", "-", "dilution", "technique", "after", "delivery", "of", "contrast", "medium", "into", "the", "inferior", "rather", "than", "the", "superior", "vena", "cava", ".", "METHODS", "Transthoracic", "contrast", "examinations", "were", "performed", "in", "a", "randomly", "selected", "group", "of", "70", "patients", "(", "without", "previous", "history", "of", "cerebral", "or", "systemic", "embolus", ")", "undergoing", "cardiac", "catheterization", ".", "Paired", "contrast", "agent", "injections", "(", "10", "ml", "dextrose", "in", "water/0.25", "ml", "air", ")", "were", "administered", "from", "an", "upper", "extremity", "vein", "and", "femoral", "vein", "in", "each", "patient", "during", "spontaneous", "respiration", ",", "cough", "and", "Valsalva", "maneuvers", ".", "Studies", "were", "interpreted", "by", "an", "experienced", "echocardiographer", "unaware", "of", "the", "sequence", "and", "site", "of", "injections", ".", "Positive", "studies", "were", "semiquantitatively", "graded", "from", "+1", "(", "minimal", "left", "ventricular", "opacification", ")", "to", "+4", "(", "intense", "left", "ventricular", "opacification", ")", ".", "Catheterization", "and", "echocardiographic", "assessment", "of", "patent", "foramen", "ovale", "were", "compared", "in", "21", "subjects", ".", "RESULTS", "Patent", "foramen", "ovale", "was", "detected", "significantly", "more", "often", "during", "femoral", "vein", "versus", "upper", "extremity", "contrast", "delivery", "(", "23", "of", "70", "patients", "[", "prevalence", "33", "%", "]", "vs", ".", "9", "of", "70", "patients", "[", "prevalence", "13", "%", "]", ",", "p", "<", "0.001", ")", ".", "The", "intensity", "of", "left", "ventricular", "opacification", "was", "also", "greater", "during", "femoral", "vein", "contrast", "injection", ".", "Precordial", "echocardiography", "combined", "with", "femoral", "contrast", "delivery", "was", "significantly", "more", "sensitive", "than", "cardiac", "catheterization", "for", "assessment", "of", "patent", "foramen", "ovale", "(", "8", "of", "21", "patients", "vs", ".", "2", "of", "21", "patients", ",", "p", "<", "0.05", ")", ".", "CONCLUSIONS", "Femoral", "vein", "contrast", "delivery", "significantly", "enhances", "the", "ability", "of", "precordial", "contrast", "echocardiography", "to", "diagnose", "patent", "foramen", "ovale", ".", "Physiologic", "patency", "of", "the", "foramen", "ovale", "is", "more", "common", "(", "prevalence", "33", "%", ")", "than", "previously", "documented", "." ]	[ "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Intervention_Physical", "Outcome_Physical" ]
transthoracic echocardiographic detection, of patent foramen ovale, precordial echocardiographic detection, atrial defects, Transthoracic contrast examinations, contrast agent injections ( 10 ml dextrose in water/0.25 ml air ), Catheterization, assessment of patent foramen ovale, intensity of left ventricular opacification, sensitive, Femoral vein contrast delivery, ability of precordial contrast echocardiography to diagnose patent foramen ovale .	84799_task2	Sentence: Femoral vein delivery of contrast medium enhances transthoracic echocardiographic detection of patent foramen ovale . OBJECTIVES We postulated that femoral vein delivery of contrast medium because of streaming , might enhance precordial echocardiographic detection of patent foramen ovale . BACKGROUND Although precordial contrast echocardiography is widely used to diagnose patent foramen ovale , this method is limited by poor sensitivity . Previous investigators have demonstrated enhanced detection of atrial defects by the dye-dilution technique after delivery of contrast medium into the inferior rather than the superior vena cava . METHODS Transthoracic contrast examinations were performed in a randomly selected group of 70 patients ( without previous history of cerebral or systemic embolus ) undergoing cardiac catheterization . Paired contrast agent injections ( 10 ml dextrose in water/0.25 ml air ) were administered from an upper extremity vein and femoral vein in each patient during spontaneous respiration , cough and Valsalva maneuvers . Studies were interpreted by an experienced echocardiographer unaware of the sequence and site of injections . Positive studies were semiquantitatively graded from +1 ( minimal left ventricular opacification ) to +4 ( intense left ventricular opacification ) . Catheterization and echocardiographic assessment of patent foramen ovale were compared in 21 subjects . RESULTS Patent foramen ovale was detected significantly more often during femoral vein versus upper extremity contrast delivery ( 23 of 70 patients [ prevalence 33 % ] vs. 9 of 70 patients [ prevalence 13 % ] , p < 0.001 ) . The intensity of left ventricular opacification was also greater during femoral vein contrast injection . Precordial echocardiography combined with femoral contrast delivery was significantly more sensitive than cardiac catheterization for assessment of patent foramen ovale ( 8 of 21 patients vs. 2 of 21 patients , p < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS Femoral vein contrast delivery significantly enhances the ability of precordial contrast echocardiography to diagnose patent foramen ovale . Physiologic patency of the foramen ovale is more common ( prevalence 33 % ) than previously documented . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Femoral vein delivery of contrast medium enhances transthoracic echocardiographic detection of patent foramen ovale . OBJECTIVES We postulated that femoral vein delivery of contrast medium because of streaming , might enhance precordial echocardiographic detection of patent foramen ovale . BACKGROUND Although precordial contrast echocardiography is widely used to diagnose patent foramen ovale , this method is limited by poor sensitivity . Previous investigators have demonstrated enhanced detection of atrial defects by the dye-dilution technique after delivery of contrast medium into the inferior rather than the superior vena cava . METHODS Transthoracic contrast examinations were performed in a randomly selected group of 70 patients ( without previous history of cerebral or systemic embolus ) undergoing cardiac catheterization . Paired contrast agent injections ( 10 ml dextrose in water/0.25 ml air ) were administered from an upper extremity vein and femoral vein in each patient during spontaneous respiration , cough and Valsalva maneuvers . Studies were interpreted by an experienced echocardiographer unaware of the sequence and site of injections . Positive studies were semiquantitatively graded from +1 ( minimal left ventricular opacification ) to +4 ( intense left ventricular opacification ) . Catheterization and echocardiographic assessment of patent foramen ovale were compared in 21 subjects . RESULTS Patent foramen ovale was detected significantly more often during femoral vein versus upper extremity contrast delivery ( 23 of 70 patients [ prevalence 33 % ] vs. 9 of 70 patients [ prevalence 13 % ] , p < 0.001 ) . The intensity of left ventricular opacification was also greater during femoral vein contrast injection . Precordial echocardiography combined with femoral contrast delivery was significantly more sensitive than cardiac catheterization for assessment of patent foramen ovale ( 8 of 21 patients vs. 2 of 21 patients , p < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS Femoral vein contrast delivery significantly enhances the ability of precordial contrast echocardiography to diagnose patent foramen ovale . Physiologic patency of the foramen ovale is more common ( prevalence 33 % ) than previously documented .	[ "Femoral", "vein", "delivery", "of", "contrast", "medium", "enhances", "transthoracic", "echocardiographic", "detection", "of", "patent", "foramen", "ovale", ".", "OBJECTIVES", "We", "postulated", "that", "femoral", "vein", "delivery", "of", "contrast", "medium", "because", "of", "streaming", ",", "might", "enhance", "precordial", "echocardiographic", "detection", "of", "patent", "foramen", "ovale", ".", "BACKGROUND", "Although", "precordial", "contrast", "echocardiography", "is", "widely", "used", "to", "diagnose", "patent", "foramen", "ovale", ",", "this", "method", "is", "limited", "by", "poor", "sensitivity", ".", "Previous", "investigators", "have", "demonstrated", "enhanced", "detection", "of", "atrial", "defects", "by", "the", "dye", "-", "dilution", "technique", "after", "delivery", "of", "contrast", "medium", "into", "the", "inferior", "rather", "than", "the", "superior", "vena", "cava", ".", "METHODS", "Transthoracic", "contrast", "examinations", "were", "performed", "in", "a", "randomly", "selected", "group", "of", "70", "patients", "(", "without", "previous", "history", "of", "cerebral", "or", "systemic", "embolus", ")", "undergoing", "cardiac", "catheterization", ".", "Paired", "contrast", "agent", "injections", "(", "10", "ml", "dextrose", "in", "water/0.25", "ml", "air", ")", "were", "administered", "from", "an", "upper", "extremity", "vein", "and", "femoral", "vein", "in", "each", "patient", "during", "spontaneous", "respiration", ",", "cough", "and", "Valsalva", "maneuvers", ".", "Studies", "were", "interpreted", "by", "an", "experienced", "echocardiographer", "unaware", "of", "the", "sequence", "and", "site", "of", "injections", ".", "Positive", "studies", "were", "semiquantitatively", "graded", "from", "+1", "(", "minimal", "left", "ventricular", "opacification", ")", "to", "+4", "(", "intense", "left", "ventricular", "opacification", ")", ".", "Catheterization", "and", "echocardiographic", "assessment", "of", "patent", "foramen", "ovale", "were", "compared", "in", "21", "subjects", ".", "RESULTS", "Patent", "foramen", "ovale", "was", "detected", "significantly", "more", "often", "during", "femoral", "vein", "versus", "upper", "extremity", "contrast", "delivery", "(", "23", "of", "70", "patients", "[", "prevalence", "33", "%", "]", "vs", ".", "9", "of", "70", "patients", "[", "prevalence", "13", "%", "]", ",", "p", "<", "0.001", ")", ".", "The", "intensity", "of", "left", "ventricular", "opacification", "was", "also", "greater", "during", "femoral", "vein", "contrast", "injection", ".", "Precordial", "echocardiography", "combined", "with", "femoral", "contrast", "delivery", "was", "significantly", "more", "sensitive", "than", "cardiac", "catheterization", "for", "assessment", "of", "patent", "foramen", "ovale", "(", "8", "of", "21", "patients", "vs", ".", "2", "of", "21", "patients", ",", "p", "<", "0.05", ")", ".", "CONCLUSIONS", "Femoral", "vein", "contrast", "delivery", "significantly", "enhances", "the", "ability", "of", "precordial", "contrast", "echocardiography", "to", "diagnose", "patent", "foramen", "ovale", ".", "Physiologic", "patency", "of", "the", "foramen", "ovale", "is", "more", "common", "(", "prevalence", "33", "%", ")", "than", "previously", "documented", "." ]	[ "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Intervention_Physical", "Outcome_Physical" ]
aspartyl beta - hydroxylase is a Protein, aspartic acid is a Entity, factor IX is a Protein, aspartyl beta - hydroxylase is a Protein, factor X is a Protein, factor X is a Protein, aspartate is a Entity, factor IX is a Protein, X is a Protein, factors IX is a Protein	150_task0	Sentence: Partial purification and characterization of bovine liver aspartyl beta-hydroxylase. In vitro hydroxylation of aspartic acid has recently been demonstrated in a synthetic peptide based on the structure of the first epidermal growth factor domain in human factor IX (Gronke, R. S., VanDusen, W. J., Garsky, V. M., Jacobs, J. W., Sardana, M. K., Stern, A. M., and Friedman, P. A. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86, 3609-3613). The putative enzyme responsible for the posttranslational modification, aspartyl beta-hydroxylase, has been shown to be a member of a class of 2-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, which include prolyl-4- and lysyl-hydroxylases. In the present study, we describe the solubilization with nonionic detergent of the enzyme from bovine liver microsomes and its purification using DEAE-cellulose followed by heparin-Sepharose. No additional detergent was required during purification. The partially purified enzyme preparation was found to contain no prolyl-4- or lysyl-hydroxylase activity. Using a synthetic peptide based on the structure of the epidermal growth factor-like region in human factor X as substrate, the apparent Km values for iron and alpha-ketoglutarate were 3 and 5 microM, respectively. The enzyme hydroxylated the factor X peptide with the same stereospecificity (erythro beta-hydroxyaspartic acid) and occurred only at the aspartate corresponding to the position seen in vivo. Furthermore, the extent to which either peptide (factor IX or X) was hydroxylated reflected the extent of hydroxylation observed for both human plasma factors IX and X. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Entity, Protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Entity", "I-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O" ]	Partial purification and characterization of bovine liver aspartyl beta-hydroxylase. In vitro hydroxylation of aspartic acid has recently been demonstrated in a synthetic peptide based on the structure of the first epidermal growth factor domain in human factor IX (Gronke, R. S., VanDusen, W. J., Garsky, V. M., Jacobs, J. W., Sardana, M. K., Stern, A. M., and Friedman, P. A. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86, 3609-3613). The putative enzyme responsible for the posttranslational modification, aspartyl beta-hydroxylase, has been shown to be a member of a class of 2-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, which include prolyl-4- and lysyl-hydroxylases. In the present study, we describe the solubilization with nonionic detergent of the enzyme from bovine liver microsomes and its purification using DEAE-cellulose followed by heparin-Sepharose. No additional detergent was required during purification. The partially purified enzyme preparation was found to contain no prolyl-4- or lysyl-hydroxylase activity. Using a synthetic peptide based on the structure of the epidermal growth factor-like region in human factor X as substrate, the apparent Km values for iron and alpha-ketoglutarate were 3 and 5 microM, respectively. The enzyme hydroxylated the factor X peptide with the same stereospecificity (erythro beta-hydroxyaspartic acid) and occurred only at the aspartate corresponding to the position seen in vivo. Furthermore, the extent to which either peptide (factor IX or X) was hydroxylated reflected the extent of hydroxylation observed for both human plasma factors IX and X.	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aspartyl beta - hydroxylase is a Protein, aspartic acid is a Entity, factor IX is a Protein, aspartyl beta - hydroxylase is a Protein, factor X is a Protein, factor X is a Protein, aspartate is a Entity, factor IX is a Protein, X is a Protein, factors IX is a Protein	150_task1	Sentence: Partial purification and characterization of bovine liver aspartyl beta-hydroxylase. In vitro hydroxylation of aspartic acid has recently been demonstrated in a synthetic peptide based on the structure of the first epidermal growth factor domain in human factor IX (Gronke, R. S., VanDusen, W. J., Garsky, V. M., Jacobs, J. W., Sardana, M. K., Stern, A. M., and Friedman, P. A. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86, 3609-3613). The putative enzyme responsible for the posttranslational modification, aspartyl beta-hydroxylase, has been shown to be a member of a class of 2-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, which include prolyl-4- and lysyl-hydroxylases. In the present study, we describe the solubilization with nonionic detergent of the enzyme from bovine liver microsomes and its purification using DEAE-cellulose followed by heparin-Sepharose. No additional detergent was required during purification. The partially purified enzyme preparation was found to contain no prolyl-4- or lysyl-hydroxylase activity. Using a synthetic peptide based on the structure of the epidermal growth factor-like region in human factor X as substrate, the apparent Km values for iron and alpha-ketoglutarate were 3 and 5 microM, respectively. The enzyme hydroxylated the factor X peptide with the same stereospecificity (erythro beta-hydroxyaspartic acid) and occurred only at the aspartate corresponding to the position seen in vivo. Furthermore, the extent to which either peptide (factor IX or X) was hydroxylated reflected the extent of hydroxylation observed for both human plasma factors IX and X. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: aspartyl beta - hydroxylase, aspartic acid, factor IX, aspartyl beta - hydroxylase, factor X, factor X, aspartate, factor IX, X, factors IX Options: Entity, Protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Entity", "I-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O" ]	Partial purification and characterization of bovine liver aspartyl beta-hydroxylase. In vitro hydroxylation of aspartic acid has recently been demonstrated in a synthetic peptide based on the structure of the first epidermal growth factor domain in human factor IX (Gronke, R. S., VanDusen, W. J., Garsky, V. M., Jacobs, J. W., Sardana, M. K., Stern, A. M., and Friedman, P. A. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86, 3609-3613). The putative enzyme responsible for the posttranslational modification, aspartyl beta-hydroxylase, has been shown to be a member of a class of 2-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, which include prolyl-4- and lysyl-hydroxylases. In the present study, we describe the solubilization with nonionic detergent of the enzyme from bovine liver microsomes and its purification using DEAE-cellulose followed by heparin-Sepharose. No additional detergent was required during purification. The partially purified enzyme preparation was found to contain no prolyl-4- or lysyl-hydroxylase activity. Using a synthetic peptide based on the structure of the epidermal growth factor-like region in human factor X as substrate, the apparent Km values for iron and alpha-ketoglutarate were 3 and 5 microM, respectively. The enzyme hydroxylated the factor X peptide with the same stereospecificity (erythro beta-hydroxyaspartic acid) and occurred only at the aspartate corresponding to the position seen in vivo. Furthermore, the extent to which either peptide (factor IX or X) was hydroxylated reflected the extent of hydroxylation observed for both human plasma factors IX and X.	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aspartyl beta - hydroxylase, aspartic acid, factor IX, aspartyl beta - hydroxylase, factor X, factor X, aspartate, factor IX, X, factors IX	150_task2	Sentence: Partial purification and characterization of bovine liver aspartyl beta-hydroxylase. In vitro hydroxylation of aspartic acid has recently been demonstrated in a synthetic peptide based on the structure of the first epidermal growth factor domain in human factor IX (Gronke, R. S., VanDusen, W. J., Garsky, V. M., Jacobs, J. W., Sardana, M. K., Stern, A. M., and Friedman, P. A. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86, 3609-3613). The putative enzyme responsible for the posttranslational modification, aspartyl beta-hydroxylase, has been shown to be a member of a class of 2-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, which include prolyl-4- and lysyl-hydroxylases. In the present study, we describe the solubilization with nonionic detergent of the enzyme from bovine liver microsomes and its purification using DEAE-cellulose followed by heparin-Sepharose. No additional detergent was required during purification. The partially purified enzyme preparation was found to contain no prolyl-4- or lysyl-hydroxylase activity. Using a synthetic peptide based on the structure of the epidermal growth factor-like region in human factor X as substrate, the apparent Km values for iron and alpha-ketoglutarate were 3 and 5 microM, respectively. The enzyme hydroxylated the factor X peptide with the same stereospecificity (erythro beta-hydroxyaspartic acid) and occurred only at the aspartate corresponding to the position seen in vivo. Furthermore, the extent to which either peptide (factor IX or X) was hydroxylated reflected the extent of hydroxylation observed for both human plasma factors IX and X. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Entity", "I-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O" ]	Partial purification and characterization of bovine liver aspartyl beta-hydroxylase. In vitro hydroxylation of aspartic acid has recently been demonstrated in a synthetic peptide based on the structure of the first epidermal growth factor domain in human factor IX (Gronke, R. S., VanDusen, W. J., Garsky, V. M., Jacobs, J. W., Sardana, M. K., Stern, A. M., and Friedman, P. A. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86, 3609-3613). The putative enzyme responsible for the posttranslational modification, aspartyl beta-hydroxylase, has been shown to be a member of a class of 2-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, which include prolyl-4- and lysyl-hydroxylases. In the present study, we describe the solubilization with nonionic detergent of the enzyme from bovine liver microsomes and its purification using DEAE-cellulose followed by heparin-Sepharose. No additional detergent was required during purification. The partially purified enzyme preparation was found to contain no prolyl-4- or lysyl-hydroxylase activity. Using a synthetic peptide based on the structure of the epidermal growth factor-like region in human factor X as substrate, the apparent Km values for iron and alpha-ketoglutarate were 3 and 5 microM, respectively. The enzyme hydroxylated the factor X peptide with the same stereospecificity (erythro beta-hydroxyaspartic acid) and occurred only at the aspartate corresponding to the position seen in vivo. Furthermore, the extent to which either peptide (factor IX or X) was hydroxylated reflected the extent of hydroxylation observed for both human plasma factors IX and X.	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patients is an umlsterm, achondroplasia is an umlsterm, patient is an umlsterm, Apert syndrome is an umlsterm, surgical is an umlsterm, humerus is an umlsterm, bone is an umlsterm, deformity is an umlsterm, external fixator is an umlsterm, humerus is an umlsterm, osteotomy is an umlsterm, deformity is an umlsterm, bone is an umlsterm, period is an umlsterm, deformity is an umlsterm, humerus is an umlsterm, external fixator is an umlsterm, overall is an umlsterm, treatment is an umlsterm, time is an umlsterm, index is an umlsterm, elbow is an umlsterm, deformity is an umlsterm, treatment is an umlsterm, function is an umlsterm, arms is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, humeri is an umlsterm	DerOrthopaede.00290058.eng.abstr_task0	Sentence: Nine patients with achondroplasia and one patient with Apert syndrome underwent the surgical lengthening of both humerus and simultaneous correction of both associated bone deformity . An unilateral external fixator was applied to the lateral aspect of the humerus with four half-pins and percutaneous predrilling osteotomy was performed at the apex of flexion deformity of the bone . During the waiting period before distraction , the flexion deformity of the distal humerus was corrected using an additional external fixator . Slow gradual distraction was subsequently carried out at a rate of 0.25 mm every 6 hours . The average lengthening was 8 cm ( range 7.5 to 9 cm ) , the overall treatment time 312 days ( range 192 to 406 days ) , and the average healing index 39.0 days/cm . The average correction of the elbow flexion deformity was 20 degrees . We believe this treatment is useful to improve the function of the arms and the activity of daily living for the patients with bilateral short humeri . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O" ]	Nine patients with achondroplasia and one patient with Apert syndrome underwent the surgical lengthening of both humerus and simultaneous correction of both associated bone deformity . An unilateral external fixator was applied to the lateral aspect of the humerus with four half-pins and percutaneous predrilling osteotomy was performed at the apex of flexion deformity of the bone . During the waiting period before distraction , the flexion deformity of the distal humerus was corrected using an additional external fixator . Slow gradual distraction was subsequently carried out at a rate of 0.25 mm every 6 hours . The average lengthening was 8 cm ( range 7.5 to 9 cm ) , the overall treatment time 312 days ( range 192 to 406 days ) , and the average healing index 39.0 days/cm . The average correction of the elbow flexion deformity was 20 degrees . We believe this treatment is useful to improve the function of the arms and the activity of daily living for the patients with bilateral short humeri .	[ "Nine", "patients", "with", "achondroplasia", "and", "one", "patient", "with", "Apert", "syndrome", "underwent", "the", "surgical", "lengthening", "of", "both", "humerus", "and", "simultaneous", "correction", "of", "both", "associated", "bone", "deformity", ".", "An", "unilateral", "external", "fixator", "was", "applied", "to", "the", "lateral", "aspect", "of", "the", "humerus", "with", "four", "half", "-", "pins", "and", "percutaneous", "predrilling", "osteotomy", "was", "performed", "at", "the", "apex", "of", "flexion", "deformity", "of", "the", "bone", ".", "During", "the", "waiting", "period", "before", "distraction", ",", "the", "flexion", "deformity", "of", "the", "distal", "humerus", "was", "corrected", "using", "an", "additional", "external", "fixator", ".", "Slow", "gradual", "distraction", "was", "subsequently", "carried", "out", "at", "a", "rate", "of", "0.25", "mm", "every", "6", "hours", ".", "The", "average", "lengthening", "was", "8", "cm", "(", "range", "7.5", "to", "9", "cm", ")", ",", "the", "overall", "treatment", "time", "312", "days", "(", "range", "192", "to", "406", "days", ")", ",", "and", "the", "average", "healing", "index", "39.0", "days", "/", "cm", ".", "The", "average", "correction", "of", "the", "elbow", "flexion", "deformity", "was", "20", "degrees", ".", "We", "believe", "this", "treatment", "is", "useful", "to", "improve", "the", "function", "of", "the", "arms", "and", "the", "activity", "of", "daily", "living", "for", "the", "patients", "with", "bilateral", "short", "humeri", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
patients is an umlsterm, achondroplasia is an umlsterm, patient is an umlsterm, Apert syndrome is an umlsterm, surgical is an umlsterm, humerus is an umlsterm, bone is an umlsterm, deformity is an umlsterm, external fixator is an umlsterm, humerus is an umlsterm, osteotomy is an umlsterm, deformity is an umlsterm, bone is an umlsterm, period is an umlsterm, deformity is an umlsterm, humerus is an umlsterm, external fixator is an umlsterm, overall is an umlsterm, treatment is an umlsterm, time is an umlsterm, index is an umlsterm, elbow is an umlsterm, deformity is an umlsterm, treatment is an umlsterm, function is an umlsterm, arms is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, humeri is an umlsterm	DerOrthopaede.00290058.eng.abstr_task1	Sentence: Nine patients with achondroplasia and one patient with Apert syndrome underwent the surgical lengthening of both humerus and simultaneous correction of both associated bone deformity . An unilateral external fixator was applied to the lateral aspect of the humerus with four half-pins and percutaneous predrilling osteotomy was performed at the apex of flexion deformity of the bone . During the waiting period before distraction , the flexion deformity of the distal humerus was corrected using an additional external fixator . Slow gradual distraction was subsequently carried out at a rate of 0.25 mm every 6 hours . The average lengthening was 8 cm ( range 7.5 to 9 cm ) , the overall treatment time 312 days ( range 192 to 406 days ) , and the average healing index 39.0 days/cm . The average correction of the elbow flexion deformity was 20 degrees . We believe this treatment is useful to improve the function of the arms and the activity of daily living for the patients with bilateral short humeri . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: patients, achondroplasia, patient, Apert syndrome, surgical, humerus, bone, deformity, external fixator, humerus, osteotomy, deformity, bone, period, deformity, humerus, external fixator, overall, treatment, time, index, elbow, deformity, treatment, function, arms, patients, humeri Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O" ]	Nine patients with achondroplasia and one patient with Apert syndrome underwent the surgical lengthening of both humerus and simultaneous correction of both associated bone deformity . An unilateral external fixator was applied to the lateral aspect of the humerus with four half-pins and percutaneous predrilling osteotomy was performed at the apex of flexion deformity of the bone . During the waiting period before distraction , the flexion deformity of the distal humerus was corrected using an additional external fixator . Slow gradual distraction was subsequently carried out at a rate of 0.25 mm every 6 hours . The average lengthening was 8 cm ( range 7.5 to 9 cm ) , the overall treatment time 312 days ( range 192 to 406 days ) , and the average healing index 39.0 days/cm . The average correction of the elbow flexion deformity was 20 degrees . We believe this treatment is useful to improve the function of the arms and the activity of daily living for the patients with bilateral short humeri .	[ "Nine", "patients", "with", "achondroplasia", "and", "one", "patient", "with", "Apert", "syndrome", "underwent", "the", "surgical", "lengthening", "of", "both", "humerus", "and", "simultaneous", "correction", "of", "both", "associated", "bone", "deformity", ".", "An", "unilateral", "external", "fixator", "was", "applied", "to", "the", "lateral", "aspect", "of", "the", "humerus", "with", "four", "half", "-", "pins", "and", "percutaneous", "predrilling", "osteotomy", "was", "performed", "at", "the", "apex", "of", "flexion", "deformity", "of", "the", "bone", ".", "During", "the", "waiting", "period", "before", "distraction", ",", "the", "flexion", "deformity", "of", "the", "distal", "humerus", "was", "corrected", "using", "an", "additional", "external", "fixator", ".", "Slow", "gradual", "distraction", "was", "subsequently", "carried", "out", "at", "a", "rate", "of", "0.25", "mm", "every", "6", "hours", ".", "The", "average", "lengthening", "was", "8", "cm", "(", "range", "7.5", "to", "9", "cm", ")", ",", "the", "overall", "treatment", "time", "312", "days", "(", "range", "192", "to", "406", "days", ")", ",", "and", "the", "average", "healing", "index", "39.0", "days", "/", "cm", ".", "The", "average", "correction", "of", "the", "elbow", "flexion", "deformity", "was", "20", "degrees", ".", "We", "believe", "this", "treatment", "is", "useful", "to", "improve", "the", "function", "of", "the", "arms", "and", "the", "activity", "of", "daily", "living", "for", "the", "patients", "with", "bilateral", "short", "humeri", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
patients, achondroplasia, patient, Apert syndrome, surgical, humerus, bone, deformity, external fixator, humerus, osteotomy, deformity, bone, period, deformity, humerus, external fixator, overall, treatment, time, index, elbow, deformity, treatment, function, arms, patients, humeri	DerOrthopaede.00290058.eng.abstr_task2	Sentence: Nine patients with achondroplasia and one patient with Apert syndrome underwent the surgical lengthening of both humerus and simultaneous correction of both associated bone deformity . An unilateral external fixator was applied to the lateral aspect of the humerus with four half-pins and percutaneous predrilling osteotomy was performed at the apex of flexion deformity of the bone . During the waiting period before distraction , the flexion deformity of the distal humerus was corrected using an additional external fixator . Slow gradual distraction was subsequently carried out at a rate of 0.25 mm every 6 hours . The average lengthening was 8 cm ( range 7.5 to 9 cm ) , the overall treatment time 312 days ( range 192 to 406 days ) , and the average healing index 39.0 days/cm . The average correction of the elbow flexion deformity was 20 degrees . We believe this treatment is useful to improve the function of the arms and the activity of daily living for the patients with bilateral short humeri . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O" ]	Nine patients with achondroplasia and one patient with Apert syndrome underwent the surgical lengthening of both humerus and simultaneous correction of both associated bone deformity . An unilateral external fixator was applied to the lateral aspect of the humerus with four half-pins and percutaneous predrilling osteotomy was performed at the apex of flexion deformity of the bone . During the waiting period before distraction , the flexion deformity of the distal humerus was corrected using an additional external fixator . Slow gradual distraction was subsequently carried out at a rate of 0.25 mm every 6 hours . The average lengthening was 8 cm ( range 7.5 to 9 cm ) , the overall treatment time 312 days ( range 192 to 406 days ) , and the average healing index 39.0 days/cm . The average correction of the elbow flexion deformity was 20 degrees . We believe this treatment is useful to improve the function of the arms and the activity of daily living for the patients with bilateral short humeri .	[ "Nine", "patients", "with", "achondroplasia", "and", "one", "patient", "with", "Apert", "syndrome", "underwent", "the", "surgical", "lengthening", "of", "both", "humerus", "and", "simultaneous", "correction", "of", "both", "associated", "bone", "deformity", ".", "An", "unilateral", "external", "fixator", "was", "applied", "to", "the", "lateral", "aspect", "of", "the", "humerus", "with", "four", "half", "-", "pins", "and", "percutaneous", "predrilling", "osteotomy", "was", "performed", "at", "the", "apex", "of", "flexion", "deformity", "of", "the", "bone", ".", "During", "the", "waiting", "period", "before", "distraction", ",", "the", "flexion", "deformity", "of", "the", "distal", "humerus", "was", "corrected", "using", "an", "additional", "external", "fixator", ".", "Slow", "gradual", "distraction", "was", "subsequently", "carried", "out", "at", "a", "rate", "of", "0.25", "mm", "every", "6", "hours", ".", "The", "average", "lengthening", "was", "8", "cm", "(", "range", "7.5", "to", "9", "cm", ")", ",", "the", "overall", "treatment", "time", "312", "days", "(", "range", "192", "to", "406", "days", ")", ",", "and", "the", "average", "healing", "index", "39.0", "days", "/", "cm", ".", "The", "average", "correction", "of", "the", "elbow", "flexion", "deformity", "was", "20", "degrees", ".", "We", "believe", "this", "treatment", "is", "useful", "to", "improve", "the", "function", "of", "the", "arms", "and", "the", "activity", "of", "daily", "living", "for", "the", "patients", "with", "bilateral", "short", "humeri", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
PH is a protein-domain, PI3 K is a protein-family	1.0alpha7.train.66_task0	Sentence: We predict that these PH domains will also bind PI3K products with high affinity, but this has not yet been tested or was inconclusive. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: protein-domain, protein-family	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein-domain", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein-family", "I-protein-family", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	We predict that these PH domains will also bind PI3K products with high affinity, but this has not yet been tested or was inconclusive.	[ "We", "predict", "that", "these", "PH", "domains", "will", "also", "bind", "PI3", "K", "products", "with", "high", "affinity", ",", "but", "this", "has", "not", "yet", "been", "tested", "or", "was", "inconclusive", "." ]	[ "protein-family", "protein-domain" ]
PH is a protein-domain, PI3 K is a protein-family	1.0alpha7.train.66_task1	Sentence: We predict that these PH domains will also bind PI3K products with high affinity, but this has not yet been tested or was inconclusive. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: PH, PI3 K Options: protein-domain, protein-family	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein-domain", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein-family", "I-protein-family", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	We predict that these PH domains will also bind PI3K products with high affinity, but this has not yet been tested or was inconclusive.	[ "We", "predict", "that", "these", "PH", "domains", "will", "also", "bind", "PI3", "K", "products", "with", "high", "affinity", ",", "but", "this", "has", "not", "yet", "been", "tested", "or", "was", "inconclusive", "." ]	[ "protein-family", "protein-domain" ]
PH, PI3 K	1.0alpha7.train.66_task2	Sentence: We predict that these PH domains will also bind PI3K products with high affinity, but this has not yet been tested or was inconclusive. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein-domain", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein-family", "I-protein-family", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	We predict that these PH domains will also bind PI3K products with high affinity, but this has not yet been tested or was inconclusive.	[ "We", "predict", "that", "these", "PH", "domains", "will", "also", "bind", "PI3", "K", "products", "with", "high", "affinity", ",", "but", "this", "has", "not", "yet", "been", "tested", "or", "was", "inconclusive", "." ]	[ "protein-family", "protein-domain" ]
Dissoziationen is an umlsterm, selbst is an umlsterm, Band is an umlsterm, Handwurzelreihe is an umlsterm, maennliche is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Handgelenkteilversteifung is an umlsterm, Schmerzevaluation is an umlsterm, Schmerzanalogskala is an umlsterm, Lebensqualitaet is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Schmerzreduktion is an umlsterm, Handgelenks is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Arbeitsplatz is an umlsterm, Gelenkflaechen is an umlsterm, Handgelenk is an umlsterm, Lebensqualitaet is an umlsterm, Handgelenkversteifung is an umlsterm	DerUnfallchirurg.01030564.ger.abstr_task0	Sentence: Veraltete Kahnbeinpseudarthrosen fuehren unbehandelt langfristig zum SNAC wrist ( scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse ) , aeltere skapholunaere Dissoziationen zum SLAC wrist ( scapholunate advanced collapse ) . Der entstandene fortgeschrittene karpale Kollaps laeuft stadienhaft ( Stadium I-III ) ab und kann operativ stadiengerecht behandelt werden . In den Stadien II oder III sind rekonstruktive Massnahmen am Skaphoid selbst oder dem skapholunaeren Band nicht mehr sinnvoll . Hier sollten alternative bewegungserhaltende Verfahren wie die Entfernung der proximalen Handwurzelreihe oder die mediokarpale Teilarthrodese in Betracht gezogen werden . In einer retrospektiven Studie konnten 31 maennliche Patienten ( Durchschnittsalter 41 Jahre ) , die zwischen 1993 und 1997 wegen SNAC/SLAC wrist eine Handgelenkteilversteifung ( mediokarpale Teilarthrodese ) erhielten , nachuntersucht werden . Der durchschnittliche Nachbeobachtungszeitraum lag bei 15 Monaten . Beweglichkeit und Kraft wurden mit dem Dexter-System gemessen . Die Schmerzevaluation erfolge mit einer visuellen Schmerzanalogskala ( VAS 0-100 ) . Die Evaluation des subjektiven Befindens und der Lebensqualitaet der Patienten erfolgte mit dem DASH-Fragebogen . Postoperative Beweglichkeit und Kraft betrugen 50 bzw. 60% der Gegenseite . Die Schmerzreduktion betrug postoperativ 60% im Vergleich zur praeoperativen Situation . Der DASH-Wert lag bei 39 Punkten . In 4 Faellen wurde wegen persistierender Beschwerden bzw. Pseudarthrosenbildung im Bereich der Teilarthrodesen eine Komplettversteifung des Handgelenks vorgenommen ; 80% der Patienten kehrten wieder an ihren alten Arbeitsplatz zurueck . Bei erfolgreicher Korrektur der Achsenfehlstellungen und Beseitigung der arthrotischen Gelenkflaechen sind die klinischen Resultate nach mediokarpaler Teilarthrodese zuverlaessig . Der DASH-Wert rechtfertigt die Erhaltung einer Restbeweglichkeit am Handgelenk hinsichtlich subjektiver Lebensqualitaet und Durchfuehrung alltaeglicher Taetigkeiten . Die komplette Handgelenkversteifung bleibt als letzte Rueckzugsmoeglichkeit . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Veraltete Kahnbeinpseudarthrosen fuehren unbehandelt langfristig zum SNAC wrist ( scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse ) , aeltere skapholunaere Dissoziationen zum SLAC wrist ( scapholunate advanced collapse ) . Der entstandene fortgeschrittene karpale Kollaps laeuft stadienhaft ( Stadium I-III ) ab und kann operativ stadiengerecht behandelt werden . In den Stadien II oder III sind rekonstruktive Massnahmen am Skaphoid selbst oder dem skapholunaeren Band nicht mehr sinnvoll . Hier sollten alternative bewegungserhaltende Verfahren wie die Entfernung der proximalen Handwurzelreihe oder die mediokarpale Teilarthrodese in Betracht gezogen werden . In einer retrospektiven Studie konnten 31 maennliche Patienten ( Durchschnittsalter 41 Jahre ) , die zwischen 1993 und 1997 wegen SNAC/SLAC wrist eine Handgelenkteilversteifung ( mediokarpale Teilarthrodese ) erhielten , nachuntersucht werden . Der durchschnittliche Nachbeobachtungszeitraum lag bei 15 Monaten . Beweglichkeit und Kraft wurden mit dem Dexter-System gemessen . Die Schmerzevaluation erfolge mit einer visuellen Schmerzanalogskala ( VAS 0-100 ) . Die Evaluation des subjektiven Befindens und der Lebensqualitaet der Patienten erfolgte mit dem DASH-Fragebogen . Postoperative Beweglichkeit und Kraft betrugen 50 bzw. 60% der Gegenseite . Die Schmerzreduktion betrug postoperativ 60% im Vergleich zur praeoperativen Situation . Der DASH-Wert lag bei 39 Punkten . In 4 Faellen wurde wegen persistierender Beschwerden bzw. Pseudarthrosenbildung im Bereich der Teilarthrodesen eine Komplettversteifung des Handgelenks vorgenommen ; 80% der Patienten kehrten wieder an ihren alten Arbeitsplatz zurueck . Bei erfolgreicher Korrektur der Achsenfehlstellungen und Beseitigung der arthrotischen Gelenkflaechen sind die klinischen Resultate nach mediokarpaler Teilarthrodese zuverlaessig . Der DASH-Wert rechtfertigt die Erhaltung einer Restbeweglichkeit am Handgelenk hinsichtlich subjektiver Lebensqualitaet und Durchfuehrung alltaeglicher Taetigkeiten . Die komplette Handgelenkversteifung bleibt als letzte Rueckzugsmoeglichkeit .	[ "Veraltete", "Kahnbeinpseudarthrosen", "fuehren", "unbehandelt", "langfristig", "zum", "SNAC", "wrist", "(", "scaphoid", "nonunion", "advanced", "collapse", ")", ",", "aeltere", "skapholunaere", "Dissoziationen", "zum", "SLAC", "wrist", "(", "scapholunate", "advanced", "collapse", ")", ".", "Der", "entstandene", "fortgeschrittene", "karpale", "Kollaps", "laeuft", "stadienhaft", "(", "Stadium", "I", "-", "III", ")", "ab", "und", "kann", "operativ", "stadiengerecht", "behandelt", "werden", ".", "In", "den", "Stadien", "II", "oder", "III", "sind", "rekonstruktive", "Massnahmen", "am", "Skaphoid", "selbst", "oder", "dem", "skapholunaeren", "Band", "nicht", "mehr", "sinnvoll", ".", "Hier", "sollten", "alternative", "bewegungserhaltende", "Verfahren", "wie", "die", "Entfernung", "der", "proximalen", "Handwurzelreihe", "oder", "die", "mediokarpale", "Teilarthrodese", "in", "Betracht", "gezogen", "werden", ".", "In", "einer", "retrospektiven", "Studie", "konnten", "31", "maennliche", "Patienten", "(", "Durchschnittsalter", "41", "Jahre", ")", ",", "die", "zwischen", "1993", "und", "1997", "wegen", "SNAC", "/", "SLAC", "wrist", "eine", "Handgelenkteilversteifung", "(", "mediokarpale", "Teilarthrodese", ")", "erhielten", ",", "nachuntersucht", "werden", ".", "Der", "durchschnittliche", "Nachbeobachtungszeitraum", "lag", "bei", "15", "Monaten", ".", "Beweglichkeit", "und", "Kraft", "wurden", "mit", "dem", "Dexter", "-", "System", "gemessen", ".", "Die", "Schmerzevaluation", "erfolge", "mit", "einer", "visuellen", "Schmerzanalogskala", "(", "VAS", "0", "-", "100", ")", ".", "Die", "Evaluation", "des", "subjektiven", "Befindens", "und", "der", "Lebensqualitaet", "der", "Patienten", "erfolgte", "mit", "dem", "DASH", "-", "Fragebogen", ".", "Postoperative", "Beweglichkeit", "und", "Kraft", "betrugen", "50", "bzw", ".", "60", "%", "der", "Gegenseite", ".", "Die", "Schmerzreduktion", "betrug", "postoperativ", "60", "%", "im", "Vergleich", "zur", "praeoperativen", "Situation", ".", "Der", "DASH", "-", "Wert", "lag", "bei", "39", "Punkten", ".", "In", "4", "Faellen", "wurde", "wegen", "persistierender", "Beschwerden", "bzw", ".", "Pseudarthrosenbildung", "im", "Bereich", "der", "Teilarthrodesen", "eine", "Komplettversteifung", "des", "Handgelenks", "vorgenommen", ";", "80", "%", "der", "Patienten", "kehrten", "wieder", "an", "ihren", "alten", "Arbeitsplatz", "zurueck", ".", "Bei", "erfolgreicher", "Korrektur", "der", "Achsenfehlstellungen", "und", "Beseitigung", "der", "arthrotischen", "Gelenkflaechen", "sind", "die", "klinischen", "Resultate", "nach", "mediokarpaler", "Teilarthrodese", "zuverlaessig", ".", "Der", "DASH", "-", "Wert", "rechtfertigt", "die", "Erhaltung", "einer", "Restbeweglichkeit", "am", "Handgelenk", "hinsichtlich", "subjektiver", "Lebensqualitaet", "und", "Durchfuehrung", "alltaeglicher", "Taetigkeiten", ".", "Die", "komplette", "Handgelenkversteifung", "bleibt", "als", "letzte", "Rueckzugsmoeglichkeit", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Dissoziationen is an umlsterm, selbst is an umlsterm, Band is an umlsterm, Handwurzelreihe is an umlsterm, maennliche is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Handgelenkteilversteifung is an umlsterm, Schmerzevaluation is an umlsterm, Schmerzanalogskala is an umlsterm, Lebensqualitaet is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Schmerzreduktion is an umlsterm, Handgelenks is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Arbeitsplatz is an umlsterm, Gelenkflaechen is an umlsterm, Handgelenk is an umlsterm, Lebensqualitaet is an umlsterm, Handgelenkversteifung is an umlsterm	DerUnfallchirurg.01030564.ger.abstr_task1	Sentence: Veraltete Kahnbeinpseudarthrosen fuehren unbehandelt langfristig zum SNAC wrist ( scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse ) , aeltere skapholunaere Dissoziationen zum SLAC wrist ( scapholunate advanced collapse ) . Der entstandene fortgeschrittene karpale Kollaps laeuft stadienhaft ( Stadium I-III ) ab und kann operativ stadiengerecht behandelt werden . In den Stadien II oder III sind rekonstruktive Massnahmen am Skaphoid selbst oder dem skapholunaeren Band nicht mehr sinnvoll . Hier sollten alternative bewegungserhaltende Verfahren wie die Entfernung der proximalen Handwurzelreihe oder die mediokarpale Teilarthrodese in Betracht gezogen werden . In einer retrospektiven Studie konnten 31 maennliche Patienten ( Durchschnittsalter 41 Jahre ) , die zwischen 1993 und 1997 wegen SNAC/SLAC wrist eine Handgelenkteilversteifung ( mediokarpale Teilarthrodese ) erhielten , nachuntersucht werden . Der durchschnittliche Nachbeobachtungszeitraum lag bei 15 Monaten . Beweglichkeit und Kraft wurden mit dem Dexter-System gemessen . Die Schmerzevaluation erfolge mit einer visuellen Schmerzanalogskala ( VAS 0-100 ) . Die Evaluation des subjektiven Befindens und der Lebensqualitaet der Patienten erfolgte mit dem DASH-Fragebogen . Postoperative Beweglichkeit und Kraft betrugen 50 bzw. 60% der Gegenseite . Die Schmerzreduktion betrug postoperativ 60% im Vergleich zur praeoperativen Situation . Der DASH-Wert lag bei 39 Punkten . In 4 Faellen wurde wegen persistierender Beschwerden bzw. Pseudarthrosenbildung im Bereich der Teilarthrodesen eine Komplettversteifung des Handgelenks vorgenommen ; 80% der Patienten kehrten wieder an ihren alten Arbeitsplatz zurueck . Bei erfolgreicher Korrektur der Achsenfehlstellungen und Beseitigung der arthrotischen Gelenkflaechen sind die klinischen Resultate nach mediokarpaler Teilarthrodese zuverlaessig . Der DASH-Wert rechtfertigt die Erhaltung einer Restbeweglichkeit am Handgelenk hinsichtlich subjektiver Lebensqualitaet und Durchfuehrung alltaeglicher Taetigkeiten . Die komplette Handgelenkversteifung bleibt als letzte Rueckzugsmoeglichkeit . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Dissoziationen, selbst, Band, Handwurzelreihe, maennliche, Patienten, Handgelenkteilversteifung, Schmerzevaluation, Schmerzanalogskala, Lebensqualitaet, Patienten, Schmerzreduktion, Handgelenks, Patienten, Arbeitsplatz, Gelenkflaechen, Handgelenk, Lebensqualitaet, Handgelenkversteifung Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Veraltete Kahnbeinpseudarthrosen fuehren unbehandelt langfristig zum SNAC wrist ( scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse ) , aeltere skapholunaere Dissoziationen zum SLAC wrist ( scapholunate advanced collapse ) . Der entstandene fortgeschrittene karpale Kollaps laeuft stadienhaft ( Stadium I-III ) ab und kann operativ stadiengerecht behandelt werden . In den Stadien II oder III sind rekonstruktive Massnahmen am Skaphoid selbst oder dem skapholunaeren Band nicht mehr sinnvoll . Hier sollten alternative bewegungserhaltende Verfahren wie die Entfernung der proximalen Handwurzelreihe oder die mediokarpale Teilarthrodese in Betracht gezogen werden . In einer retrospektiven Studie konnten 31 maennliche Patienten ( Durchschnittsalter 41 Jahre ) , die zwischen 1993 und 1997 wegen SNAC/SLAC wrist eine Handgelenkteilversteifung ( mediokarpale Teilarthrodese ) erhielten , nachuntersucht werden . Der durchschnittliche Nachbeobachtungszeitraum lag bei 15 Monaten . Beweglichkeit und Kraft wurden mit dem Dexter-System gemessen . Die Schmerzevaluation erfolge mit einer visuellen Schmerzanalogskala ( VAS 0-100 ) . Die Evaluation des subjektiven Befindens und der Lebensqualitaet der Patienten erfolgte mit dem DASH-Fragebogen . Postoperative Beweglichkeit und Kraft betrugen 50 bzw. 60% der Gegenseite . Die Schmerzreduktion betrug postoperativ 60% im Vergleich zur praeoperativen Situation . Der DASH-Wert lag bei 39 Punkten . In 4 Faellen wurde wegen persistierender Beschwerden bzw. Pseudarthrosenbildung im Bereich der Teilarthrodesen eine Komplettversteifung des Handgelenks vorgenommen ; 80% der Patienten kehrten wieder an ihren alten Arbeitsplatz zurueck . Bei erfolgreicher Korrektur der Achsenfehlstellungen und Beseitigung der arthrotischen Gelenkflaechen sind die klinischen Resultate nach mediokarpaler Teilarthrodese zuverlaessig . Der DASH-Wert rechtfertigt die Erhaltung einer Restbeweglichkeit am Handgelenk hinsichtlich subjektiver Lebensqualitaet und Durchfuehrung alltaeglicher Taetigkeiten . Die komplette Handgelenkversteifung bleibt als letzte Rueckzugsmoeglichkeit .	[ "Veraltete", "Kahnbeinpseudarthrosen", "fuehren", "unbehandelt", "langfristig", "zum", "SNAC", "wrist", "(", "scaphoid", "nonunion", "advanced", "collapse", ")", ",", "aeltere", "skapholunaere", "Dissoziationen", "zum", "SLAC", "wrist", "(", "scapholunate", "advanced", "collapse", ")", ".", "Der", "entstandene", "fortgeschrittene", "karpale", "Kollaps", "laeuft", "stadienhaft", "(", "Stadium", "I", "-", "III", ")", "ab", "und", "kann", "operativ", "stadiengerecht", "behandelt", "werden", ".", "In", "den", "Stadien", "II", "oder", "III", "sind", "rekonstruktive", "Massnahmen", "am", "Skaphoid", "selbst", "oder", "dem", "skapholunaeren", "Band", "nicht", "mehr", "sinnvoll", ".", "Hier", "sollten", "alternative", "bewegungserhaltende", "Verfahren", "wie", "die", "Entfernung", "der", "proximalen", "Handwurzelreihe", "oder", "die", "mediokarpale", "Teilarthrodese", "in", "Betracht", "gezogen", "werden", ".", "In", "einer", "retrospektiven", "Studie", "konnten", "31", "maennliche", "Patienten", "(", "Durchschnittsalter", "41", "Jahre", ")", ",", "die", "zwischen", "1993", "und", "1997", "wegen", "SNAC", "/", "SLAC", "wrist", "eine", "Handgelenkteilversteifung", "(", "mediokarpale", "Teilarthrodese", ")", "erhielten", ",", "nachuntersucht", "werden", ".", "Der", "durchschnittliche", "Nachbeobachtungszeitraum", "lag", "bei", "15", "Monaten", ".", "Beweglichkeit", "und", "Kraft", "wurden", "mit", "dem", "Dexter", "-", "System", "gemessen", ".", "Die", "Schmerzevaluation", "erfolge", "mit", "einer", "visuellen", "Schmerzanalogskala", "(", "VAS", "0", "-", "100", ")", ".", "Die", "Evaluation", "des", "subjektiven", "Befindens", "und", "der", "Lebensqualitaet", "der", "Patienten", "erfolgte", "mit", "dem", "DASH", "-", "Fragebogen", ".", "Postoperative", "Beweglichkeit", "und", "Kraft", "betrugen", "50", "bzw", ".", "60", "%", "der", "Gegenseite", ".", "Die", "Schmerzreduktion", "betrug", "postoperativ", "60", "%", "im", "Vergleich", "zur", "praeoperativen", "Situation", ".", "Der", "DASH", "-", "Wert", "lag", "bei", "39", "Punkten", ".", "In", "4", "Faellen", "wurde", "wegen", "persistierender", "Beschwerden", "bzw", ".", "Pseudarthrosenbildung", "im", "Bereich", "der", "Teilarthrodesen", "eine", "Komplettversteifung", "des", "Handgelenks", "vorgenommen", ";", "80", "%", "der", "Patienten", "kehrten", "wieder", "an", "ihren", "alten", "Arbeitsplatz", "zurueck", ".", "Bei", "erfolgreicher", "Korrektur", "der", "Achsenfehlstellungen", "und", "Beseitigung", "der", "arthrotischen", "Gelenkflaechen", "sind", "die", "klinischen", "Resultate", "nach", "mediokarpaler", "Teilarthrodese", "zuverlaessig", ".", "Der", "DASH", "-", "Wert", "rechtfertigt", "die", "Erhaltung", "einer", "Restbeweglichkeit", "am", "Handgelenk", "hinsichtlich", "subjektiver", "Lebensqualitaet", "und", "Durchfuehrung", "alltaeglicher", "Taetigkeiten", ".", "Die", "komplette", "Handgelenkversteifung", "bleibt", "als", "letzte", "Rueckzugsmoeglichkeit", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Dissoziationen, selbst, Band, Handwurzelreihe, maennliche, Patienten, Handgelenkteilversteifung, Schmerzevaluation, Schmerzanalogskala, Lebensqualitaet, Patienten, Schmerzreduktion, Handgelenks, Patienten, Arbeitsplatz, Gelenkflaechen, Handgelenk, Lebensqualitaet, Handgelenkversteifung	DerUnfallchirurg.01030564.ger.abstr_task2	Sentence: Veraltete Kahnbeinpseudarthrosen fuehren unbehandelt langfristig zum SNAC wrist ( scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse ) , aeltere skapholunaere Dissoziationen zum SLAC wrist ( scapholunate advanced collapse ) . Der entstandene fortgeschrittene karpale Kollaps laeuft stadienhaft ( Stadium I-III ) ab und kann operativ stadiengerecht behandelt werden . In den Stadien II oder III sind rekonstruktive Massnahmen am Skaphoid selbst oder dem skapholunaeren Band nicht mehr sinnvoll . Hier sollten alternative bewegungserhaltende Verfahren wie die Entfernung der proximalen Handwurzelreihe oder die mediokarpale Teilarthrodese in Betracht gezogen werden . In einer retrospektiven Studie konnten 31 maennliche Patienten ( Durchschnittsalter 41 Jahre ) , die zwischen 1993 und 1997 wegen SNAC/SLAC wrist eine Handgelenkteilversteifung ( mediokarpale Teilarthrodese ) erhielten , nachuntersucht werden . Der durchschnittliche Nachbeobachtungszeitraum lag bei 15 Monaten . Beweglichkeit und Kraft wurden mit dem Dexter-System gemessen . Die Schmerzevaluation erfolge mit einer visuellen Schmerzanalogskala ( VAS 0-100 ) . Die Evaluation des subjektiven Befindens und der Lebensqualitaet der Patienten erfolgte mit dem DASH-Fragebogen . Postoperative Beweglichkeit und Kraft betrugen 50 bzw. 60% der Gegenseite . Die Schmerzreduktion betrug postoperativ 60% im Vergleich zur praeoperativen Situation . Der DASH-Wert lag bei 39 Punkten . In 4 Faellen wurde wegen persistierender Beschwerden bzw. Pseudarthrosenbildung im Bereich der Teilarthrodesen eine Komplettversteifung des Handgelenks vorgenommen ; 80% der Patienten kehrten wieder an ihren alten Arbeitsplatz zurueck . Bei erfolgreicher Korrektur der Achsenfehlstellungen und Beseitigung der arthrotischen Gelenkflaechen sind die klinischen Resultate nach mediokarpaler Teilarthrodese zuverlaessig . Der DASH-Wert rechtfertigt die Erhaltung einer Restbeweglichkeit am Handgelenk hinsichtlich subjektiver Lebensqualitaet und Durchfuehrung alltaeglicher Taetigkeiten . Die komplette Handgelenkversteifung bleibt als letzte Rueckzugsmoeglichkeit . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Veraltete Kahnbeinpseudarthrosen fuehren unbehandelt langfristig zum SNAC wrist ( scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse ) , aeltere skapholunaere Dissoziationen zum SLAC wrist ( scapholunate advanced collapse ) . Der entstandene fortgeschrittene karpale Kollaps laeuft stadienhaft ( Stadium I-III ) ab und kann operativ stadiengerecht behandelt werden . In den Stadien II oder III sind rekonstruktive Massnahmen am Skaphoid selbst oder dem skapholunaeren Band nicht mehr sinnvoll . Hier sollten alternative bewegungserhaltende Verfahren wie die Entfernung der proximalen Handwurzelreihe oder die mediokarpale Teilarthrodese in Betracht gezogen werden . In einer retrospektiven Studie konnten 31 maennliche Patienten ( Durchschnittsalter 41 Jahre ) , die zwischen 1993 und 1997 wegen SNAC/SLAC wrist eine Handgelenkteilversteifung ( mediokarpale Teilarthrodese ) erhielten , nachuntersucht werden . Der durchschnittliche Nachbeobachtungszeitraum lag bei 15 Monaten . Beweglichkeit und Kraft wurden mit dem Dexter-System gemessen . Die Schmerzevaluation erfolge mit einer visuellen Schmerzanalogskala ( VAS 0-100 ) . Die Evaluation des subjektiven Befindens und der Lebensqualitaet der Patienten erfolgte mit dem DASH-Fragebogen . Postoperative Beweglichkeit und Kraft betrugen 50 bzw. 60% der Gegenseite . Die Schmerzreduktion betrug postoperativ 60% im Vergleich zur praeoperativen Situation . Der DASH-Wert lag bei 39 Punkten . In 4 Faellen wurde wegen persistierender Beschwerden bzw. Pseudarthrosenbildung im Bereich der Teilarthrodesen eine Komplettversteifung des Handgelenks vorgenommen ; 80% der Patienten kehrten wieder an ihren alten Arbeitsplatz zurueck . Bei erfolgreicher Korrektur der Achsenfehlstellungen und Beseitigung der arthrotischen Gelenkflaechen sind die klinischen Resultate nach mediokarpaler Teilarthrodese zuverlaessig . Der DASH-Wert rechtfertigt die Erhaltung einer Restbeweglichkeit am Handgelenk hinsichtlich subjektiver Lebensqualitaet und Durchfuehrung alltaeglicher Taetigkeiten . Die komplette Handgelenkversteifung bleibt als letzte Rueckzugsmoeglichkeit .	[ "Veraltete", "Kahnbeinpseudarthrosen", "fuehren", "unbehandelt", "langfristig", "zum", "SNAC", "wrist", "(", "scaphoid", "nonunion", "advanced", "collapse", ")", ",", "aeltere", "skapholunaere", "Dissoziationen", "zum", "SLAC", "wrist", "(", "scapholunate", "advanced", "collapse", ")", ".", "Der", "entstandene", "fortgeschrittene", "karpale", "Kollaps", "laeuft", "stadienhaft", "(", "Stadium", "I", "-", "III", ")", "ab", "und", "kann", "operativ", "stadiengerecht", "behandelt", "werden", ".", "In", "den", "Stadien", "II", "oder", "III", "sind", "rekonstruktive", "Massnahmen", "am", "Skaphoid", "selbst", "oder", "dem", "skapholunaeren", "Band", "nicht", "mehr", "sinnvoll", ".", "Hier", "sollten", "alternative", "bewegungserhaltende", "Verfahren", "wie", "die", "Entfernung", "der", "proximalen", "Handwurzelreihe", "oder", "die", "mediokarpale", "Teilarthrodese", "in", "Betracht", "gezogen", "werden", ".", "In", "einer", "retrospektiven", "Studie", "konnten", "31", "maennliche", "Patienten", "(", "Durchschnittsalter", "41", "Jahre", ")", ",", "die", "zwischen", "1993", "und", "1997", "wegen", "SNAC", "/", "SLAC", "wrist", "eine", "Handgelenkteilversteifung", "(", "mediokarpale", "Teilarthrodese", ")", "erhielten", ",", "nachuntersucht", "werden", ".", "Der", "durchschnittliche", "Nachbeobachtungszeitraum", "lag", "bei", "15", "Monaten", ".", "Beweglichkeit", "und", "Kraft", "wurden", "mit", "dem", "Dexter", "-", "System", "gemessen", ".", "Die", "Schmerzevaluation", "erfolge", "mit", "einer", "visuellen", "Schmerzanalogskala", "(", "VAS", "0", "-", "100", ")", ".", "Die", "Evaluation", "des", "subjektiven", "Befindens", "und", "der", "Lebensqualitaet", "der", "Patienten", "erfolgte", "mit", "dem", "DASH", "-", "Fragebogen", ".", "Postoperative", "Beweglichkeit", "und", "Kraft", "betrugen", "50", "bzw", ".", "60", "%", "der", "Gegenseite", ".", "Die", "Schmerzreduktion", "betrug", "postoperativ", "60", "%", "im", "Vergleich", "zur", "praeoperativen", "Situation", ".", "Der", "DASH", "-", "Wert", "lag", "bei", "39", "Punkten", ".", "In", "4", "Faellen", "wurde", "wegen", "persistierender", "Beschwerden", "bzw", ".", "Pseudarthrosenbildung", "im", "Bereich", "der", "Teilarthrodesen", "eine", "Komplettversteifung", "des", "Handgelenks", "vorgenommen", ";", "80", "%", "der", "Patienten", "kehrten", "wieder", "an", "ihren", "alten", "Arbeitsplatz", "zurueck", ".", "Bei", "erfolgreicher", "Korrektur", "der", "Achsenfehlstellungen", "und", "Beseitigung", "der", "arthrotischen", "Gelenkflaechen", "sind", "die", "klinischen", "Resultate", "nach", "mediokarpaler", "Teilarthrodese", "zuverlaessig", ".", "Der", "DASH", "-", "Wert", "rechtfertigt", "die", "Erhaltung", "einer", "Restbeweglichkeit", "am", "Handgelenk", "hinsichtlich", "subjektiver", "Lebensqualitaet", "und", "Durchfuehrung", "alltaeglicher", "Taetigkeiten", ".", "Die", "komplette", "Handgelenkversteifung", "bleibt", "als", "letzte", "Rueckzugsmoeglichkeit", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
DAT is a protein, dopamine is a compound	DS.d324_task0	Sentence: Ultrastructural analysis in the macaque mediodorsal nucleus revealed that thalamic interneurons are a main postsynaptic target of DAT-ir axons ; this suggests that the marked expansion of the dopamine innervation in the primate in comparison to the rodent thalamus may be related to the presence of a sizable interneuron population in primates. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: compound, protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Ultrastructural analysis in the macaque mediodorsal nucleus revealed that thalamic interneurons are a main postsynaptic target of DAT-ir axons ; this suggests that the marked expansion of the dopamine innervation in the primate in comparison to the rodent thalamus may be related to the presence of a sizable interneuron population in primates.	[ "Ultrastructural", "analysis", "in", "the", "macaque", "mediodorsal", "nucleus", "revealed", "that", "thalamic", "interneurons", "are", "a", "main", "postsynaptic", "target", "of", "DAT", "-", "ir", "axons", ";", "this", "suggests", "that", "the", "marked", "expansion", "of", "the", "dopamine", "innervation", "in", "the", "primate", "in", "comparison", "to", "the", "rodent", "thalamus", "may", "be", "related", "to", "the", "presence", "of", "a", "sizable", "interneuron", "population", "in", "primates", "." ]	[ "compound", "protein" ]
DAT is a protein, dopamine is a compound	DS.d324_task1	Sentence: Ultrastructural analysis in the macaque mediodorsal nucleus revealed that thalamic interneurons are a main postsynaptic target of DAT-ir axons ; this suggests that the marked expansion of the dopamine innervation in the primate in comparison to the rodent thalamus may be related to the presence of a sizable interneuron population in primates. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: DAT, dopamine Options: compound, protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Ultrastructural analysis in the macaque mediodorsal nucleus revealed that thalamic interneurons are a main postsynaptic target of DAT-ir axons ; this suggests that the marked expansion of the dopamine innervation in the primate in comparison to the rodent thalamus may be related to the presence of a sizable interneuron population in primates.	[ "Ultrastructural", "analysis", "in", "the", "macaque", "mediodorsal", "nucleus", "revealed", "that", "thalamic", "interneurons", "are", "a", "main", "postsynaptic", "target", "of", "DAT", "-", "ir", "axons", ";", "this", "suggests", "that", "the", "marked", "expansion", "of", "the", "dopamine", "innervation", "in", "the", "primate", "in", "comparison", "to", "the", "rodent", "thalamus", "may", "be", "related", "to", "the", "presence", "of", "a", "sizable", "interneuron", "population", "in", "primates", "." ]	[ "compound", "protein" ]
DAT, dopamine	DS.d324_task2	Sentence: Ultrastructural analysis in the macaque mediodorsal nucleus revealed that thalamic interneurons are a main postsynaptic target of DAT-ir axons ; this suggests that the marked expansion of the dopamine innervation in the primate in comparison to the rodent thalamus may be related to the presence of a sizable interneuron population in primates. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Ultrastructural analysis in the macaque mediodorsal nucleus revealed that thalamic interneurons are a main postsynaptic target of DAT-ir axons ; this suggests that the marked expansion of the dopamine innervation in the primate in comparison to the rodent thalamus may be related to the presence of a sizable interneuron population in primates.	[ "Ultrastructural", "analysis", "in", "the", "macaque", "mediodorsal", "nucleus", "revealed", "that", "thalamic", "interneurons", "are", "a", "main", "postsynaptic", "target", "of", "DAT", "-", "ir", "axons", ";", "this", "suggests", "that", "the", "marked", "expansion", "of", "the", "dopamine", "innervation", "in", "the", "primate", "in", "comparison", "to", "the", "rodent", "thalamus", "may", "be", "related", "to", "the", "presence", "of", "a", "sizable", "interneuron", "population", "in", "primates", "." ]	[ "compound", "protein" ]
Ras is a protein-family, Raf-1 is a protein, dexamethasone is a drug	1.0alpha7.train.798_task0	Sentence: In three experiments, the binding of Ras to Raf-1 peptide increased upon antigen stimulation and showed similar maximal increases at 1–2 min in both control (2.0 ± 0.5-fold, mean ± S.E.) and dexamethasone-treated (1.9 ± 0.3-fold) cells. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: drug, protein-family, protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein-family", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	In three experiments, the binding of Ras to Raf-1 peptide increased upon antigen stimulation and showed similar maximal increases at 1–2 min in both control (2.0 ± 0.5-fold, mean ± S.E.) and dexamethasone-treated (1.9 ± 0.3-fold) cells.	[ "In", "three", "experiments", ",", "the", "binding", "of", "Ras", "to", "Raf-1", "peptide", "increased", "upon", "antigen", "stimulation", "and", "showed", "similar", "maximal", "increases", "at", "1–2", "min", "in", "both", "control", "(", "2.0", "±", "0.5-fold", ",", "mean", "±", "S.E.", ")", "and", "dexamethasone", "-", "treated", "(", "1.9", "±", "0.3-fold", ")", "cells", "." ]	[ "drug", "protein", "protein-family" ]
Ras is a protein-family, Raf-1 is a protein, dexamethasone is a drug	1.0alpha7.train.798_task1	Sentence: In three experiments, the binding of Ras to Raf-1 peptide increased upon antigen stimulation and showed similar maximal increases at 1–2 min in both control (2.0 ± 0.5-fold, mean ± S.E.) and dexamethasone-treated (1.9 ± 0.3-fold) cells. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Ras, Raf-1, dexamethasone Options: drug, protein-family, protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein-family", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	In three experiments, the binding of Ras to Raf-1 peptide increased upon antigen stimulation and showed similar maximal increases at 1–2 min in both control (2.0 ± 0.5-fold, mean ± S.E.) and dexamethasone-treated (1.9 ± 0.3-fold) cells.	[ "In", "three", "experiments", ",", "the", "binding", "of", "Ras", "to", "Raf-1", "peptide", "increased", "upon", "antigen", "stimulation", "and", "showed", "similar", "maximal", "increases", "at", "1–2", "min", "in", "both", "control", "(", "2.0", "±", "0.5-fold", ",", "mean", "±", "S.E.", ")", "and", "dexamethasone", "-", "treated", "(", "1.9", "±", "0.3-fold", ")", "cells", "." ]	[ "drug", "protein", "protein-family" ]
Ras, Raf-1, dexamethasone	1.0alpha7.train.798_task2	Sentence: In three experiments, the binding of Ras to Raf-1 peptide increased upon antigen stimulation and showed similar maximal increases at 1–2 min in both control (2.0 ± 0.5-fold, mean ± S.E.) and dexamethasone-treated (1.9 ± 0.3-fold) cells. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein-family", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	In three experiments, the binding of Ras to Raf-1 peptide increased upon antigen stimulation and showed similar maximal increases at 1–2 min in both control (2.0 ± 0.5-fold, mean ± S.E.) and dexamethasone-treated (1.9 ± 0.3-fold) cells.	[ "In", "three", "experiments", ",", "the", "binding", "of", "Ras", "to", "Raf-1", "peptide", "increased", "upon", "antigen", "stimulation", "and", "showed", "similar", "maximal", "increases", "at", "1–2", "min", "in", "both", "control", "(", "2.0", "±", "0.5-fold", ",", "mean", "±", "S.E.", ")", "and", "dexamethasone", "-", "treated", "(", "1.9", "±", "0.3-fold", ")", "cells", "." ]	[ "drug", "protein", "protein-family" ]
Artemisinic acid is a CHEMICAL, C / EBP α is a GENE-Y, HMG - CoA reductase is a GENE-Y, Cholesterol is a CHEMICAL, artemisinic acid is a CHEMICAL, artemisinic acid is a CHEMICAL, microphthalmia - associated transcription factor is a GENE-Y, MITF is a GENE-Y, tyrosinase is a GENE-Y, tyrosinase - related protein ( TRP)-1 is a GENE-Y, TRP-2 is a GENE-Y, artemisinic acid is a CHEMICAL, c - KIT is a GENE-Y, stem cell factor is a GENE-Y, SCF is a GENE-Y, macrophage migration inhibitory factor is a GENE-Y, MIF is a GENE-Y, artemisinic acid is a CHEMICAL, cAMP is a CHEMICAL, protein kinase A is a GENE-N, PKA is a GENE-N, artemisinic acid is a CHEMICAL, artemisinic acid is a CHEMICAL, artemisinic acid is a CHEMICAL, cholesterol is a CHEMICAL, hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA ( HMG CoA ) reductase is a GENE-Y, CCAAT / enhancer - binding protein ( C / EBP ) α is a GENE-Y, artemisinic acid is a CHEMICAL, HMG CoA reductase is a GENE-Y, C / EBP α is a GENE-Y, artemisinic acid is a CHEMICAL	22125_task0	Sentence: Artemisinic acid inhibits melanogenesis through downregulation of C/EBP α-dependent expression of HMG-CoA reductase gene. Cholesterol is associated with the regulation of melanogenesis which is the major physiological defense against solar irradiation. The present study was designed to determine the effects of artemisinic acid on melanogenesis and its mechanisms of action in human epidermal melanocytes. In this study, we found that artemisinic acid inhibited melanin content. The mRNA levels of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and its downstream genes tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2 were reduced by artemisinic acid treatment. Additionally, the mRNA levels of melanogenesis-related genes (c-KIT, stem cell factor (SCF), and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)) were down-regulated by artemisinic acid. Furthermore, cAMP production and protein kinase A (PKA) activity were suppressed by artemisinic acid. Moreover, attempts to elucidate a possible mechanism underlying the artemisinic acid-mediated effects revealed that artemisinic acid regulated melanogenesis by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis through downregulation of the hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA (HMG CoA) reductase gene, which was mediated through reduced expression of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) α gene. Taken together, these findings indicate that the inhibition of melanogenesis by artemisinic acid occurs through reduced expression of the HMG CoA reductase gene, which is mediated by C/EBP α inhibition and suggest that artemisinic acid may be useful as a hyperpigmentation inhibitor. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: GENE-N, GENE-Y, CHEMICAL	[ "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "B-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Artemisinic acid inhibits melanogenesis through downregulation of C/EBP α-dependent expression of HMG-CoA reductase gene. Cholesterol is associated with the regulation of melanogenesis which is the major physiological defense against solar irradiation. The present study was designed to determine the effects of artemisinic acid on melanogenesis and its mechanisms of action in human epidermal melanocytes. In this study, we found that artemisinic acid inhibited melanin content. The mRNA levels of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and its downstream genes tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2 were reduced by artemisinic acid treatment. Additionally, the mRNA levels of melanogenesis-related genes (c-KIT, stem cell factor (SCF), and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)) were down-regulated by artemisinic acid. Furthermore, cAMP production and protein kinase A (PKA) activity were suppressed by artemisinic acid. Moreover, attempts to elucidate a possible mechanism underlying the artemisinic acid-mediated effects revealed that artemisinic acid regulated melanogenesis by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis through downregulation of the hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA (HMG CoA) reductase gene, which was mediated through reduced expression of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) α gene. Taken together, these findings indicate that the inhibition of melanogenesis by artemisinic acid occurs through reduced expression of the HMG CoA reductase gene, which is mediated by C/EBP α inhibition and suggest that artemisinic acid may be useful as a hyperpigmentation inhibitor.	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Artemisinic acid is a CHEMICAL, C / EBP α is a GENE-Y, HMG - CoA reductase is a GENE-Y, Cholesterol is a CHEMICAL, artemisinic acid is a CHEMICAL, artemisinic acid is a CHEMICAL, microphthalmia - associated transcription factor is a GENE-Y, MITF is a GENE-Y, tyrosinase is a GENE-Y, tyrosinase - related protein ( TRP)-1 is a GENE-Y, TRP-2 is a GENE-Y, artemisinic acid is a CHEMICAL, c - KIT is a GENE-Y, stem cell factor is a GENE-Y, SCF is a GENE-Y, macrophage migration inhibitory factor is a GENE-Y, MIF is a GENE-Y, artemisinic acid is a CHEMICAL, cAMP is a CHEMICAL, protein kinase A is a GENE-N, PKA is a GENE-N, artemisinic acid is a CHEMICAL, artemisinic acid is a CHEMICAL, artemisinic acid is a CHEMICAL, cholesterol is a CHEMICAL, hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA ( HMG CoA ) reductase is a GENE-Y, CCAAT / enhancer - binding protein ( C / EBP ) α is a GENE-Y, artemisinic acid is a CHEMICAL, HMG CoA reductase is a GENE-Y, C / EBP α is a GENE-Y, artemisinic acid is a CHEMICAL	22125_task1	Sentence: Artemisinic acid inhibits melanogenesis through downregulation of C/EBP α-dependent expression of HMG-CoA reductase gene. Cholesterol is associated with the regulation of melanogenesis which is the major physiological defense against solar irradiation. The present study was designed to determine the effects of artemisinic acid on melanogenesis and its mechanisms of action in human epidermal melanocytes. In this study, we found that artemisinic acid inhibited melanin content. The mRNA levels of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and its downstream genes tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2 were reduced by artemisinic acid treatment. Additionally, the mRNA levels of melanogenesis-related genes (c-KIT, stem cell factor (SCF), and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)) were down-regulated by artemisinic acid. Furthermore, cAMP production and protein kinase A (PKA) activity were suppressed by artemisinic acid. Moreover, attempts to elucidate a possible mechanism underlying the artemisinic acid-mediated effects revealed that artemisinic acid regulated melanogenesis by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis through downregulation of the hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA (HMG CoA) reductase gene, which was mediated through reduced expression of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) α gene. Taken together, these findings indicate that the inhibition of melanogenesis by artemisinic acid occurs through reduced expression of the HMG CoA reductase gene, which is mediated by C/EBP α inhibition and suggest that artemisinic acid may be useful as a hyperpigmentation inhibitor. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Artemisinic acid, C / EBP α, HMG - CoA reductase, Cholesterol, artemisinic acid, artemisinic acid, microphthalmia - associated transcription factor, MITF, tyrosinase, tyrosinase - related protein ( TRP)-1, TRP-2, artemisinic acid, c - KIT, stem cell factor, SCF, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, MIF, artemisinic acid, cAMP, protein kinase A, PKA, artemisinic acid, artemisinic acid, artemisinic acid, cholesterol, hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA ( HMG CoA ) reductase, CCAAT / enhancer - binding protein ( C / EBP ) α, artemisinic acid, HMG CoA reductase, C / EBP α, artemisinic acid Options: GENE-N, GENE-Y, CHEMICAL	[ "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "B-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Artemisinic acid inhibits melanogenesis through downregulation of C/EBP α-dependent expression of HMG-CoA reductase gene. Cholesterol is associated with the regulation of melanogenesis which is the major physiological defense against solar irradiation. The present study was designed to determine the effects of artemisinic acid on melanogenesis and its mechanisms of action in human epidermal melanocytes. In this study, we found that artemisinic acid inhibited melanin content. The mRNA levels of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and its downstream genes tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2 were reduced by artemisinic acid treatment. Additionally, the mRNA levels of melanogenesis-related genes (c-KIT, stem cell factor (SCF), and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)) were down-regulated by artemisinic acid. Furthermore, cAMP production and protein kinase A (PKA) activity were suppressed by artemisinic acid. Moreover, attempts to elucidate a possible mechanism underlying the artemisinic acid-mediated effects revealed that artemisinic acid regulated melanogenesis by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis through downregulation of the hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA (HMG CoA) reductase gene, which was mediated through reduced expression of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) α gene. Taken together, these findings indicate that the inhibition of melanogenesis by artemisinic acid occurs through reduced expression of the HMG CoA reductase gene, which is mediated by C/EBP α inhibition and suggest that artemisinic acid may be useful as a hyperpigmentation inhibitor.	[ "Artemisinic", "acid", "inhibits", "melanogenesis", "through", "downregulation", "of", "C", "/", "EBP", "α", "-", "dependent", "expression", "of", "HMG", "-", "CoA", "reductase", "gene", ".", "\n", "Cholesterol", "is", "associated", "with", "the", "regulation", "of", "melanogenesis", "which", "is", "the", "major", "physiological", "defense", "against", "solar", "irradiation", ".", "The", "present", "study", "was", "designed", "to", "determine", "the", "effects", "of", "artemisinic", "acid", "on", "melanogenesis", "and", "its", "mechanisms", "of", "action", "in", "human", "epidermal", "melanocytes", ".", "In", "this", "study", ",", "we", "found", "that", "artemisinic", "acid", "inhibited", "melanin", "content", ".", "The", "mRNA", "levels", "of", "microphthalmia", "-", "associated", "transcription", "factor", "(", "MITF", ")", "and", "its", "downstream", "genes", "tyrosinase", ",", "tyrosinase", "-", "related", "protein", "(", "TRP)-1", ",", "and", "TRP-2", "were", "reduced", "by", "artemisinic", "acid", "treatment", ".", "Additionally", ",", "the", "mRNA", "levels", "of", "melanogenesis", "-", "related", "genes", "(", "c", "-", "KIT", ",", "stem", "cell", "factor", "(", "SCF", ")", ",", "and", "macrophage", "migration", "inhibitory", "factor", "(", "MIF", ")", ")", "were", "down", "-", "regulated", "by", "artemisinic", "acid", ".", "Furthermore", ",", "cAMP", "production", "and", "protein", "kinase", "A", "(", "PKA", ")", "activity", "were", "suppressed", "by", "artemisinic", "acid", ".", "Moreover", ",", "attempts", "to", "elucidate", "a", "possible", "mechanism", "underlying", "the", "artemisinic", "acid", "-", "mediated", "effects", "revealed", "that", "artemisinic", "acid", "regulated", "melanogenesis", "by", "inhibiting", "cholesterol", "synthesis", "through", "downregulation", "of", "the", "hydroxymethylglutaryl", "CoA", "(", "HMG", "CoA", ")", "reductase", "gene", ",", "which", "was", "mediated", "through", "reduced", "expression", "of", "the", "CCAAT", "/", "enhancer", "-", "binding", "protein", "(", "C", "/", "EBP", ")", "α", "gene", ".", "Taken", "together", ",", "these", "findings", "indicate", "that", "the", "inhibition", "of", "melanogenesis", "by", "artemisinic", "acid", "occurs", "through", "reduced", "expression", "of", "the", "HMG", "CoA", "reductase", "gene", ",", "which", "is", "mediated", "by", "C", "/", "EBP", "α", "inhibition", "and", "suggest", "that", "artemisinic", "acid", "may", "be", "useful", "as", "a", "hyperpigmentation", "inhibitor", "." ]	[ "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL", "GENE-N" ]
Artemisinic acid, C / EBP α, HMG - CoA reductase, Cholesterol, artemisinic acid, artemisinic acid, microphthalmia - associated transcription factor, MITF, tyrosinase, tyrosinase - related protein ( TRP)-1, TRP-2, artemisinic acid, c - KIT, stem cell factor, SCF, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, MIF, artemisinic acid, cAMP, protein kinase A, PKA, artemisinic acid, artemisinic acid, artemisinic acid, cholesterol, hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA ( HMG CoA ) reductase, CCAAT / enhancer - binding protein ( C / EBP ) α, artemisinic acid, HMG CoA reductase, C / EBP α, artemisinic acid	22125_task2	Sentence: Artemisinic acid inhibits melanogenesis through downregulation of C/EBP α-dependent expression of HMG-CoA reductase gene. Cholesterol is associated with the regulation of melanogenesis which is the major physiological defense against solar irradiation. The present study was designed to determine the effects of artemisinic acid on melanogenesis and its mechanisms of action in human epidermal melanocytes. In this study, we found that artemisinic acid inhibited melanin content. The mRNA levels of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and its downstream genes tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2 were reduced by artemisinic acid treatment. Additionally, the mRNA levels of melanogenesis-related genes (c-KIT, stem cell factor (SCF), and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)) were down-regulated by artemisinic acid. Furthermore, cAMP production and protein kinase A (PKA) activity were suppressed by artemisinic acid. Moreover, attempts to elucidate a possible mechanism underlying the artemisinic acid-mediated effects revealed that artemisinic acid regulated melanogenesis by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis through downregulation of the hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA (HMG CoA) reductase gene, which was mediated through reduced expression of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) α gene. Taken together, these findings indicate that the inhibition of melanogenesis by artemisinic acid occurs through reduced expression of the HMG CoA reductase gene, which is mediated by C/EBP α inhibition and suggest that artemisinic acid may be useful as a hyperpigmentation inhibitor. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "B-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Artemisinic acid inhibits melanogenesis through downregulation of C/EBP α-dependent expression of HMG-CoA reductase gene. Cholesterol is associated with the regulation of melanogenesis which is the major physiological defense against solar irradiation. The present study was designed to determine the effects of artemisinic acid on melanogenesis and its mechanisms of action in human epidermal melanocytes. In this study, we found that artemisinic acid inhibited melanin content. The mRNA levels of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and its downstream genes tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2 were reduced by artemisinic acid treatment. Additionally, the mRNA levels of melanogenesis-related genes (c-KIT, stem cell factor (SCF), and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)) were down-regulated by artemisinic acid. Furthermore, cAMP production and protein kinase A (PKA) activity were suppressed by artemisinic acid. Moreover, attempts to elucidate a possible mechanism underlying the artemisinic acid-mediated effects revealed that artemisinic acid regulated melanogenesis by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis through downregulation of the hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA (HMG CoA) reductase gene, which was mediated through reduced expression of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) α gene. Taken together, these findings indicate that the inhibition of melanogenesis by artemisinic acid occurs through reduced expression of the HMG CoA reductase gene, which is mediated by C/EBP α inhibition and suggest that artemisinic acid may be useful as a hyperpigmentation inhibitor.	[ "Artemisinic", "acid", "inhibits", "melanogenesis", "through", "downregulation", "of", "C", "/", "EBP", "α", "-", "dependent", "expression", "of", "HMG", "-", "CoA", "reductase", "gene", ".", "\n", "Cholesterol", "is", "associated", "with", "the", "regulation", "of", "melanogenesis", "which", "is", "the", "major", "physiological", "defense", "against", "solar", "irradiation", ".", "The", "present", "study", "was", "designed", "to", "determine", "the", "effects", "of", "artemisinic", "acid", "on", "melanogenesis", "and", "its", "mechanisms", "of", "action", "in", "human", "epidermal", "melanocytes", ".", "In", "this", "study", ",", "we", "found", "that", "artemisinic", "acid", "inhibited", "melanin", "content", ".", "The", "mRNA", "levels", "of", "microphthalmia", "-", "associated", "transcription", "factor", "(", "MITF", ")", "and", "its", "downstream", "genes", "tyrosinase", ",", "tyrosinase", "-", "related", "protein", "(", "TRP)-1", ",", "and", "TRP-2", "were", "reduced", "by", "artemisinic", "acid", "treatment", ".", "Additionally", ",", "the", "mRNA", "levels", "of", "melanogenesis", "-", "related", "genes", "(", "c", "-", "KIT", ",", "stem", "cell", "factor", "(", "SCF", ")", ",", "and", "macrophage", "migration", "inhibitory", "factor", "(", "MIF", ")", ")", "were", "down", "-", "regulated", "by", "artemisinic", "acid", ".", "Furthermore", ",", "cAMP", "production", "and", "protein", "kinase", "A", "(", "PKA", ")", "activity", "were", "suppressed", "by", "artemisinic", "acid", ".", "Moreover", ",", "attempts", "to", "elucidate", "a", "possible", "mechanism", "underlying", "the", "artemisinic", "acid", "-", "mediated", "effects", "revealed", "that", "artemisinic", "acid", "regulated", "melanogenesis", "by", "inhibiting", "cholesterol", "synthesis", "through", "downregulation", "of", "the", "hydroxymethylglutaryl", "CoA", "(", "HMG", "CoA", ")", "reductase", "gene", ",", "which", "was", "mediated", "through", "reduced", "expression", "of", "the", "CCAAT", "/", "enhancer", "-", "binding", "protein", "(", "C", "/", "EBP", ")", "α", "gene", ".", "Taken", "together", ",", "these", "findings", "indicate", "that", "the", "inhibition", "of", "melanogenesis", "by", "artemisinic", "acid", "occurs", "through", "reduced", "expression", "of", "the", "HMG", "CoA", "reductase", "gene", ",", "which", "is", "mediated", "by", "C", "/", "EBP", "α", "inhibition", "and", "suggest", "that", "artemisinic", "acid", "may", "be", "useful", "as", "a", "hyperpigmentation", "inhibitor", "." ]	[ "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL", "GENE-N" ]
Prognose is an umlsterm, Kehlkopfkrebses is an umlsterm, Halslymphknotenmetastasen is an umlsterm, Therapie is an umlsterm, Standardtherapie is an umlsterm, Metastasen is an umlsterm	HNO.70450512.ger.abstr_task0	Sentence: Die Prognose des Kehlkopfkrebses verschlechtert sich bei Vorliegen manifester primaerer oder sekundaerer Halslymphknotenmetastasen deutlich , eine konsequente Prophylaxe und Therapie ist daher unabdingbar . Die Standardtherapie manifester Metastasen ist chirurgisch , wenn moeglich in Form einer konservativen Neck dissection . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Die Prognose des Kehlkopfkrebses verschlechtert sich bei Vorliegen manifester primaerer oder sekundaerer Halslymphknotenmetastasen deutlich , eine konsequente Prophylaxe und Therapie ist daher unabdingbar . Die Standardtherapie manifester Metastasen ist chirurgisch , wenn moeglich in Form einer konservativen Neck dissection .	[ "Die", "Prognose", "des", "Kehlkopfkrebses", "verschlechtert", "sich", "bei", "Vorliegen", "manifester", "primaerer", "oder", "sekundaerer", "Halslymphknotenmetastasen", "deutlich", ",", "eine", "konsequente", "Prophylaxe", "und", "Therapie", "ist", "daher", "unabdingbar", ".", "Die", "Standardtherapie", "manifester", "Metastasen", "ist", "chirurgisch", ",", "wenn", "moeglich", "in", "Form", "einer", "konservativen", "Neck", "dissection", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Prognose is an umlsterm, Kehlkopfkrebses is an umlsterm, Halslymphknotenmetastasen is an umlsterm, Therapie is an umlsterm, Standardtherapie is an umlsterm, Metastasen is an umlsterm	HNO.70450512.ger.abstr_task1	Sentence: Die Prognose des Kehlkopfkrebses verschlechtert sich bei Vorliegen manifester primaerer oder sekundaerer Halslymphknotenmetastasen deutlich , eine konsequente Prophylaxe und Therapie ist daher unabdingbar . Die Standardtherapie manifester Metastasen ist chirurgisch , wenn moeglich in Form einer konservativen Neck dissection . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Prognose, Kehlkopfkrebses, Halslymphknotenmetastasen, Therapie, Standardtherapie, Metastasen Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Die Prognose des Kehlkopfkrebses verschlechtert sich bei Vorliegen manifester primaerer oder sekundaerer Halslymphknotenmetastasen deutlich , eine konsequente Prophylaxe und Therapie ist daher unabdingbar . Die Standardtherapie manifester Metastasen ist chirurgisch , wenn moeglich in Form einer konservativen Neck dissection .	[ "Die", "Prognose", "des", "Kehlkopfkrebses", "verschlechtert", "sich", "bei", "Vorliegen", "manifester", "primaerer", "oder", "sekundaerer", "Halslymphknotenmetastasen", "deutlich", ",", "eine", "konsequente", "Prophylaxe", "und", "Therapie", "ist", "daher", "unabdingbar", ".", "Die", "Standardtherapie", "manifester", "Metastasen", "ist", "chirurgisch", ",", "wenn", "moeglich", "in", "Form", "einer", "konservativen", "Neck", "dissection", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Prognose, Kehlkopfkrebses, Halslymphknotenmetastasen, Therapie, Standardtherapie, Metastasen	HNO.70450512.ger.abstr_task2	Sentence: Die Prognose des Kehlkopfkrebses verschlechtert sich bei Vorliegen manifester primaerer oder sekundaerer Halslymphknotenmetastasen deutlich , eine konsequente Prophylaxe und Therapie ist daher unabdingbar . Die Standardtherapie manifester Metastasen ist chirurgisch , wenn moeglich in Form einer konservativen Neck dissection . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Die Prognose des Kehlkopfkrebses verschlechtert sich bei Vorliegen manifester primaerer oder sekundaerer Halslymphknotenmetastasen deutlich , eine konsequente Prophylaxe und Therapie ist daher unabdingbar . Die Standardtherapie manifester Metastasen ist chirurgisch , wenn moeglich in Form einer konservativen Neck dissection .	[ "Die", "Prognose", "des", "Kehlkopfkrebses", "verschlechtert", "sich", "bei", "Vorliegen", "manifester", "primaerer", "oder", "sekundaerer", "Halslymphknotenmetastasen", "deutlich", ",", "eine", "konsequente", "Prophylaxe", "und", "Therapie", "ist", "daher", "unabdingbar", ".", "Die", "Standardtherapie", "manifester", "Metastasen", "ist", "chirurgisch", ",", "wenn", "moeglich", "in", "Form", "einer", "konservativen", "Neck", "dissection", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Gene transcription is an other_name, G - protein - coupled chemoattractant receptors is a protein_family_or_group	34348_task0	Sentence: Gene transcription through activation of G-protein-coupled chemoattractant receptors. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: protein_family_or_group, other_name	[ "B-other_name", "I-other_name", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "O" ]	Gene transcription through activation of G-protein-coupled chemoattractant receptors.	[ "Gene", "transcription", "through", "activation", "of", "G", "-", "protein", "-", "coupled", "chemoattractant", "receptors", "." ]	[ "protein_family_or_group", "other_name", "DNA_family_or_group", "inorganic", "cell_type", "protein_complex", "protein_molecule" ]
Gene transcription is an other_name, G - protein - coupled chemoattractant receptors is a protein_family_or_group	34348_task1	Sentence: Gene transcription through activation of G-protein-coupled chemoattractant receptors. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Gene transcription, G - protein - coupled chemoattractant receptors Options: protein_family_or_group, other_name	[ "B-other_name", "I-other_name", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "O" ]	Gene transcription through activation of G-protein-coupled chemoattractant receptors.	[ "Gene", "transcription", "through", "activation", "of", "G", "-", "protein", "-", "coupled", "chemoattractant", "receptors", "." ]	[ "protein_family_or_group", "other_name", "DNA_family_or_group", "inorganic", "cell_type", "protein_complex", "protein_molecule" ]
Gene transcription, G - protein - coupled chemoattractant receptors	34348_task2	Sentence: Gene transcription through activation of G-protein-coupled chemoattractant receptors. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "B-other_name", "I-other_name", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "O" ]	Gene transcription through activation of G-protein-coupled chemoattractant receptors.	[ "Gene", "transcription", "through", "activation", "of", "G", "-", "protein", "-", "coupled", "chemoattractant", "receptors", "." ]	[ "protein_family_or_group", "other_name", "DNA_family_or_group", "inorganic", "cell_type", "protein_complex", "protein_molecule" ]
tachyarrhythmias is an umlsterm, quality of life is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, treatment is an umlsterm, tachyarrhythmias is an umlsterm, cardioversion is an umlsterm, atrial fibrillation is an umlsterm, treatment is an umlsterm, Cardioversion is an umlsterm, therapy is an umlsterm, understanding is an umlsterm, measurements is an umlsterm, transmembrane potentials is an umlsterm, techniques is an umlsterm, cardioversion is an umlsterm, shocks is an umlsterm, time is an umlsterm, cardioversion is an umlsterm, defibrillation is an umlsterm, cardioversion is an umlsterm, atrial fibrillation is an umlsterm, atrial fibrillation is an umlsterm	Herzschrittmachertherapie.80090070.eng.abstr_task0	Sentence: Atrial tachyarrhythmias significantly reduce quality of life in a surprisingly large number of patients . The safe and effective treatment of atrial tachyarrhythmias is being intensively studied . Internal electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation has been shown to be an effective non-pharmacological treatment option . Cardioversion therapy has been applied in the absence of a clear understanding of the mechanisms governing the process . Recent measurements of atrial transmembrane potentials using sophisticated optical mapping techniques reveal that internal cardioversion shocks cause changes in repolarization time that favor annihilation of wave fronts . Thus , mechanisms of atrial cardioversion appear to be similar to ventricular defibrillation . Further studies are needed to determine whether cardioversion mechanisms differ for chronic atrial fibrillation compared to acute atrial fibrillation . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O" ]	Atrial tachyarrhythmias significantly reduce quality of life in a surprisingly large number of patients . The safe and effective treatment of atrial tachyarrhythmias is being intensively studied . Internal electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation has been shown to be an effective non-pharmacological treatment option . Cardioversion therapy has been applied in the absence of a clear understanding of the mechanisms governing the process . Recent measurements of atrial transmembrane potentials using sophisticated optical mapping techniques reveal that internal cardioversion shocks cause changes in repolarization time that favor annihilation of wave fronts . Thus , mechanisms of atrial cardioversion appear to be similar to ventricular defibrillation . Further studies are needed to determine whether cardioversion mechanisms differ for chronic atrial fibrillation compared to acute atrial fibrillation .	[ "Atrial", "tachyarrhythmias", "significantly", "reduce", "quality", "of", "life", "in", "a", "surprisingly", "large", "number", "of", "patients", ".", "The", "safe", "and", "effective", "treatment", "of", "atrial", "tachyarrhythmias", "is", "being", "intensively", "studied", ".", "Internal", "electrical", "cardioversion", "of", "atrial", "fibrillation", "has", "been", "shown", "to", "be", "an", "effective", "non", "-", "pharmacological", "treatment", "option", ".", "Cardioversion", "therapy", "has", "been", "applied", "in", "the", "absence", "of", "a", "clear", "understanding", "of", "the", "mechanisms", "governing", "the", "process", ".", "Recent", "measurements", "of", "atrial", "transmembrane", "potentials", "using", "sophisticated", "optical", "mapping", "techniques", "reveal", "that", "internal", "cardioversion", "shocks", "cause", "changes", "in", "repolarization", "time", "that", "favor", "annihilation", "of", "wave", "fronts", ".", "Thus", ",", "mechanisms", "of", "atrial", "cardioversion", "appear", "to", "be", "similar", "to", "ventricular", "defibrillation", ".", "Further", "studies", "are", "needed", "to", "determine", "whether", "cardioversion", "mechanisms", "differ", "for", "chronic", "atrial", "fibrillation", "compared", "to", "acute", "atrial", "fibrillation", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
tachyarrhythmias is an umlsterm, quality of life is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, treatment is an umlsterm, tachyarrhythmias is an umlsterm, cardioversion is an umlsterm, atrial fibrillation is an umlsterm, treatment is an umlsterm, Cardioversion is an umlsterm, therapy is an umlsterm, understanding is an umlsterm, measurements is an umlsterm, transmembrane potentials is an umlsterm, techniques is an umlsterm, cardioversion is an umlsterm, shocks is an umlsterm, time is an umlsterm, cardioversion is an umlsterm, defibrillation is an umlsterm, cardioversion is an umlsterm, atrial fibrillation is an umlsterm, atrial fibrillation is an umlsterm	Herzschrittmachertherapie.80090070.eng.abstr_task1	Sentence: Atrial tachyarrhythmias significantly reduce quality of life in a surprisingly large number of patients . The safe and effective treatment of atrial tachyarrhythmias is being intensively studied . Internal electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation has been shown to be an effective non-pharmacological treatment option . Cardioversion therapy has been applied in the absence of a clear understanding of the mechanisms governing the process . Recent measurements of atrial transmembrane potentials using sophisticated optical mapping techniques reveal that internal cardioversion shocks cause changes in repolarization time that favor annihilation of wave fronts . Thus , mechanisms of atrial cardioversion appear to be similar to ventricular defibrillation . Further studies are needed to determine whether cardioversion mechanisms differ for chronic atrial fibrillation compared to acute atrial fibrillation . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: tachyarrhythmias, quality of life, patients, treatment, tachyarrhythmias, cardioversion, atrial fibrillation, treatment, Cardioversion, therapy, understanding, measurements, transmembrane potentials, techniques, cardioversion, shocks, time, cardioversion, defibrillation, cardioversion, atrial fibrillation, atrial fibrillation Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O" ]	Atrial tachyarrhythmias significantly reduce quality of life in a surprisingly large number of patients . The safe and effective treatment of atrial tachyarrhythmias is being intensively studied . Internal electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation has been shown to be an effective non-pharmacological treatment option . Cardioversion therapy has been applied in the absence of a clear understanding of the mechanisms governing the process . Recent measurements of atrial transmembrane potentials using sophisticated optical mapping techniques reveal that internal cardioversion shocks cause changes in repolarization time that favor annihilation of wave fronts . Thus , mechanisms of atrial cardioversion appear to be similar to ventricular defibrillation . Further studies are needed to determine whether cardioversion mechanisms differ for chronic atrial fibrillation compared to acute atrial fibrillation .	[ "Atrial", "tachyarrhythmias", "significantly", "reduce", "quality", "of", "life", "in", "a", "surprisingly", "large", "number", "of", "patients", ".", "The", "safe", "and", "effective", "treatment", "of", "atrial", "tachyarrhythmias", "is", "being", "intensively", "studied", ".", "Internal", "electrical", "cardioversion", "of", "atrial", "fibrillation", "has", "been", "shown", "to", "be", "an", "effective", "non", "-", "pharmacological", "treatment", "option", ".", "Cardioversion", "therapy", "has", "been", "applied", "in", "the", "absence", "of", "a", "clear", "understanding", "of", "the", "mechanisms", "governing", "the", "process", ".", "Recent", "measurements", "of", "atrial", "transmembrane", "potentials", "using", "sophisticated", "optical", "mapping", "techniques", "reveal", "that", "internal", "cardioversion", "shocks", "cause", "changes", "in", "repolarization", "time", "that", "favor", "annihilation", "of", "wave", "fronts", ".", "Thus", ",", "mechanisms", "of", "atrial", "cardioversion", "appear", "to", "be", "similar", "to", "ventricular", "defibrillation", ".", "Further", "studies", "are", "needed", "to", "determine", "whether", "cardioversion", "mechanisms", "differ", "for", "chronic", "atrial", "fibrillation", "compared", "to", "acute", "atrial", "fibrillation", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
tachyarrhythmias, quality of life, patients, treatment, tachyarrhythmias, cardioversion, atrial fibrillation, treatment, Cardioversion, therapy, understanding, measurements, transmembrane potentials, techniques, cardioversion, shocks, time, cardioversion, defibrillation, cardioversion, atrial fibrillation, atrial fibrillation	Herzschrittmachertherapie.80090070.eng.abstr_task2	Sentence: Atrial tachyarrhythmias significantly reduce quality of life in a surprisingly large number of patients . The safe and effective treatment of atrial tachyarrhythmias is being intensively studied . Internal electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation has been shown to be an effective non-pharmacological treatment option . Cardioversion therapy has been applied in the absence of a clear understanding of the mechanisms governing the process . Recent measurements of atrial transmembrane potentials using sophisticated optical mapping techniques reveal that internal cardioversion shocks cause changes in repolarization time that favor annihilation of wave fronts . Thus , mechanisms of atrial cardioversion appear to be similar to ventricular defibrillation . Further studies are needed to determine whether cardioversion mechanisms differ for chronic atrial fibrillation compared to acute atrial fibrillation . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O" ]	Atrial tachyarrhythmias significantly reduce quality of life in a surprisingly large number of patients . The safe and effective treatment of atrial tachyarrhythmias is being intensively studied . Internal electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation has been shown to be an effective non-pharmacological treatment option . Cardioversion therapy has been applied in the absence of a clear understanding of the mechanisms governing the process . Recent measurements of atrial transmembrane potentials using sophisticated optical mapping techniques reveal that internal cardioversion shocks cause changes in repolarization time that favor annihilation of wave fronts . Thus , mechanisms of atrial cardioversion appear to be similar to ventricular defibrillation . Further studies are needed to determine whether cardioversion mechanisms differ for chronic atrial fibrillation compared to acute atrial fibrillation .	[ "Atrial", "tachyarrhythmias", "significantly", "reduce", "quality", "of", "life", "in", "a", "surprisingly", "large", "number", "of", "patients", ".", "The", "safe", "and", "effective", "treatment", "of", "atrial", "tachyarrhythmias", "is", "being", "intensively", "studied", ".", "Internal", "electrical", "cardioversion", "of", "atrial", "fibrillation", "has", "been", "shown", "to", "be", "an", "effective", "non", "-", "pharmacological", "treatment", "option", ".", "Cardioversion", "therapy", "has", "been", "applied", "in", "the", "absence", "of", "a", "clear", "understanding", "of", "the", "mechanisms", "governing", "the", "process", ".", "Recent", "measurements", "of", "atrial", "transmembrane", "potentials", "using", "sophisticated", "optical", "mapping", "techniques", "reveal", "that", "internal", "cardioversion", "shocks", "cause", "changes", "in", "repolarization", "time", "that", "favor", "annihilation", "of", "wave", "fronts", ".", "Thus", ",", "mechanisms", "of", "atrial", "cardioversion", "appear", "to", "be", "similar", "to", "ventricular", "defibrillation", ".", "Further", "studies", "are", "needed", "to", "determine", "whether", "cardioversion", "mechanisms", "differ", "for", "chronic", "atrial", "fibrillation", "compared", "to", "acute", "atrial", "fibrillation", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
N is a Gene, K - Ras is a Gene, NRAS is a Gene, KRAS2 is a Gene, KRAS2 is a Gene	517_task0	Sentence: High incidence of N and K-Ras activating mutations in multiple myeloma and primary plasma cell leukemia at diagnosis. Using allele-specific amplification method (ARMS), a highly sensitive one-stage allele-specific PCR, we have evaluated the incidence of NRAS and KRAS2 activating mutations (codons 12, 13, and 61) in 62 patients with either monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or multiple myeloma (MM), primary plasma-cell leukemia (P-PCL), and also in human myeloma cell lines (HMCL). NRAS and/or KRAS2 mutations were found in 54.5% of MM at diagnosis (but in 81% at the time of relapse), in 50% of P-PCL, and in 50% of 16 HMCL. In contrast, the occurrence of such mutations was very low in MGUS and indolent MM (12.50%). Of note, KRAS2 mutations were always more frequent than NRAS. The validity of the technique was assessed by direct sequencing of cell lines and of some patients. Multiple mutations found in two patients were confirmed by subcloning exon PCR amplification products, testing clones with our method, and sequencing them. Thus, these early mutations could play a major role in the oncogenesis of MM and P-PCL. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Gene	[ "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	High incidence of N and K-Ras activating mutations in multiple myeloma and primary plasma cell leukemia at diagnosis. Using allele-specific amplification method (ARMS), a highly sensitive one-stage allele-specific PCR, we have evaluated the incidence of NRAS and KRAS2 activating mutations (codons 12, 13, and 61) in 62 patients with either monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or multiple myeloma (MM), primary plasma-cell leukemia (P-PCL), and also in human myeloma cell lines (HMCL). NRAS and/or KRAS2 mutations were found in 54.5% of MM at diagnosis (but in 81% at the time of relapse), in 50% of P-PCL, and in 50% of 16 HMCL. In contrast, the occurrence of such mutations was very low in MGUS and indolent MM (12.50%). Of note, KRAS2 mutations were always more frequent than NRAS. The validity of the technique was assessed by direct sequencing of cell lines and of some patients. Multiple mutations found in two patients were confirmed by subcloning exon PCR amplification products, testing clones with our method, and sequencing them. Thus, these early mutations could play a major role in the oncogenesis of MM and P-PCL.	[ "High", "incidence", "of", "N", "and", "K", "-", "Ras", "activating", "mutations", "in", "multiple", "myeloma", "and", "primary", "plasma", "cell", "leukemia", "at", "diagnosis", ".", "Using", "allele", "-", "specific", "amplification", "method", "(", "ARMS", ")", ",", "a", "highly", "sensitive", "one", "-", "stage", "allele", "-", "specific", "PCR", ",", "we", "have", "evaluated", "the", "incidence", "of", "NRAS", "and", "KRAS2", "activating", "mutations", "(", "codons", "12", ",", "13", ",", "and", "61", ")", "in", "62", "patients", "with", "either", "monoclonal", "gammopathy", "of", "undetermined", "significance", "(", "MGUS", ")", "or", "multiple", "myeloma", "(", "MM", ")", ",", "primary", "plasma", "-", "cell", "leukemia", "(", "P", "-", "PCL", ")", ",", "and", "also", "in", "human", "myeloma", "cell", "lines", "(", "HMCL", ")", ".", "NRAS", "and", "/", "or", "KRAS2", "mutations", "were", "found", "in", "54.5", "%", "of", "MM", "at", "diagnosis", "(", "but", "in", "81", "%", "at", "the", "time", "of", "relapse", ")", ",", "in", "50", "%", "of", "P", "-", "PCL", ",", "and", "in", "50", "%", "of", "16", "HMCL", ".", "In", "contrast", ",", "the", "occurrence", "of", "such", "mutations", "was", "very", "low", "in", "MGUS", "and", "indolent", "MM", "(", "12.50", "%", ")", ".", "Of", "note", ",", "KRAS2", "mutations", "were", "always", "more", "frequent", "than", "NRAS", ".", "The", "validity", "of", "the", "technique", "was", "assessed", "by", "direct", "sequencing", "of", "cell", "lines", "and", "of", "some", "patients", ".", "Multiple", "mutations", "found", "in", "two", "patients", "were", "confirmed", "by", "subcloning", "exon", "PCR", "amplification", "products", ",", "testing", "clones", "with", "our", "method", ",", "and", "sequencing", "them", ".", "Thus", ",", "these", "early", "mutations", "could", "play", "a", "major", "role", "in", "the", "oncogenesis", "of", "MM", "and", "P", "-", "PCL", ".", "\n" ]	[ "Gene" ]
N is a Gene, K - Ras is a Gene, NRAS is a Gene, KRAS2 is a Gene, KRAS2 is a Gene	517_task1	Sentence: High incidence of N and K-Ras activating mutations in multiple myeloma and primary plasma cell leukemia at diagnosis. Using allele-specific amplification method (ARMS), a highly sensitive one-stage allele-specific PCR, we have evaluated the incidence of NRAS and KRAS2 activating mutations (codons 12, 13, and 61) in 62 patients with either monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or multiple myeloma (MM), primary plasma-cell leukemia (P-PCL), and also in human myeloma cell lines (HMCL). NRAS and/or KRAS2 mutations were found in 54.5% of MM at diagnosis (but in 81% at the time of relapse), in 50% of P-PCL, and in 50% of 16 HMCL. In contrast, the occurrence of such mutations was very low in MGUS and indolent MM (12.50%). Of note, KRAS2 mutations were always more frequent than NRAS. The validity of the technique was assessed by direct sequencing of cell lines and of some patients. Multiple mutations found in two patients were confirmed by subcloning exon PCR amplification products, testing clones with our method, and sequencing them. Thus, these early mutations could play a major role in the oncogenesis of MM and P-PCL. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: N, K - Ras, NRAS, KRAS2, KRAS2 Options: Gene	[ "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	High incidence of N and K-Ras activating mutations in multiple myeloma and primary plasma cell leukemia at diagnosis. Using allele-specific amplification method (ARMS), a highly sensitive one-stage allele-specific PCR, we have evaluated the incidence of NRAS and KRAS2 activating mutations (codons 12, 13, and 61) in 62 patients with either monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or multiple myeloma (MM), primary plasma-cell leukemia (P-PCL), and also in human myeloma cell lines (HMCL). NRAS and/or KRAS2 mutations were found in 54.5% of MM at diagnosis (but in 81% at the time of relapse), in 50% of P-PCL, and in 50% of 16 HMCL. In contrast, the occurrence of such mutations was very low in MGUS and indolent MM (12.50%). Of note, KRAS2 mutations were always more frequent than NRAS. The validity of the technique was assessed by direct sequencing of cell lines and of some patients. Multiple mutations found in two patients were confirmed by subcloning exon PCR amplification products, testing clones with our method, and sequencing them. Thus, these early mutations could play a major role in the oncogenesis of MM and P-PCL.	[ "High", "incidence", "of", "N", "and", "K", "-", "Ras", "activating", "mutations", "in", "multiple", "myeloma", "and", "primary", "plasma", "cell", "leukemia", "at", "diagnosis", ".", "Using", "allele", "-", "specific", "amplification", "method", "(", "ARMS", ")", ",", "a", "highly", "sensitive", "one", "-", "stage", "allele", "-", "specific", "PCR", ",", "we", "have", "evaluated", "the", "incidence", "of", "NRAS", "and", "KRAS2", "activating", "mutations", "(", "codons", "12", ",", "13", ",", "and", "61", ")", "in", "62", "patients", "with", "either", "monoclonal", "gammopathy", "of", "undetermined", "significance", "(", "MGUS", ")", "or", "multiple", "myeloma", "(", "MM", ")", ",", "primary", "plasma", "-", "cell", "leukemia", "(", "P", "-", "PCL", ")", ",", "and", "also", "in", "human", "myeloma", "cell", "lines", "(", "HMCL", ")", ".", "NRAS", "and", "/", "or", "KRAS2", "mutations", "were", "found", "in", "54.5", "%", "of", "MM", "at", "diagnosis", "(", "but", "in", "81", "%", "at", "the", "time", "of", "relapse", ")", ",", "in", "50", "%", "of", "P", "-", "PCL", ",", "and", "in", "50", "%", "of", "16", "HMCL", ".", "In", "contrast", ",", "the", "occurrence", "of", "such", "mutations", "was", "very", "low", "in", "MGUS", "and", "indolent", "MM", "(", "12.50", "%", ")", ".", "Of", "note", ",", "KRAS2", "mutations", "were", "always", "more", "frequent", "than", "NRAS", ".", "The", "validity", "of", "the", "technique", "was", "assessed", "by", "direct", "sequencing", "of", "cell", "lines", "and", "of", "some", "patients", ".", "Multiple", "mutations", "found", "in", "two", "patients", "were", "confirmed", "by", "subcloning", "exon", "PCR", "amplification", "products", ",", "testing", "clones", "with", "our", "method", ",", "and", "sequencing", "them", ".", "Thus", ",", "these", "early", "mutations", "could", "play", "a", "major", "role", "in", "the", "oncogenesis", "of", "MM", "and", "P", "-", "PCL", ".", "\n" ]	[ "Gene" ]
N, K - Ras, NRAS, KRAS2, KRAS2	517_task2	Sentence: High incidence of N and K-Ras activating mutations in multiple myeloma and primary plasma cell leukemia at diagnosis. Using allele-specific amplification method (ARMS), a highly sensitive one-stage allele-specific PCR, we have evaluated the incidence of NRAS and KRAS2 activating mutations (codons 12, 13, and 61) in 62 patients with either monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or multiple myeloma (MM), primary plasma-cell leukemia (P-PCL), and also in human myeloma cell lines (HMCL). NRAS and/or KRAS2 mutations were found in 54.5% of MM at diagnosis (but in 81% at the time of relapse), in 50% of P-PCL, and in 50% of 16 HMCL. In contrast, the occurrence of such mutations was very low in MGUS and indolent MM (12.50%). Of note, KRAS2 mutations were always more frequent than NRAS. The validity of the technique was assessed by direct sequencing of cell lines and of some patients. Multiple mutations found in two patients were confirmed by subcloning exon PCR amplification products, testing clones with our method, and sequencing them. Thus, these early mutations could play a major role in the oncogenesis of MM and P-PCL. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	High incidence of N and K-Ras activating mutations in multiple myeloma and primary plasma cell leukemia at diagnosis. Using allele-specific amplification method (ARMS), a highly sensitive one-stage allele-specific PCR, we have evaluated the incidence of NRAS and KRAS2 activating mutations (codons 12, 13, and 61) in 62 patients with either monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or multiple myeloma (MM), primary plasma-cell leukemia (P-PCL), and also in human myeloma cell lines (HMCL). NRAS and/or KRAS2 mutations were found in 54.5% of MM at diagnosis (but in 81% at the time of relapse), in 50% of P-PCL, and in 50% of 16 HMCL. In contrast, the occurrence of such mutations was very low in MGUS and indolent MM (12.50%). Of note, KRAS2 mutations were always more frequent than NRAS. The validity of the technique was assessed by direct sequencing of cell lines and of some patients. Multiple mutations found in two patients were confirmed by subcloning exon PCR amplification products, testing clones with our method, and sequencing them. Thus, these early mutations could play a major role in the oncogenesis of MM and P-PCL.	[ "High", "incidence", "of", "N", "and", "K", "-", "Ras", "activating", "mutations", "in", "multiple", "myeloma", "and", "primary", "plasma", "cell", "leukemia", "at", "diagnosis", ".", "Using", "allele", "-", "specific", "amplification", "method", "(", "ARMS", ")", ",", "a", "highly", "sensitive", "one", "-", "stage", "allele", "-", "specific", "PCR", ",", "we", "have", "evaluated", "the", "incidence", "of", "NRAS", "and", "KRAS2", "activating", "mutations", "(", "codons", "12", ",", "13", ",", "and", "61", ")", "in", "62", "patients", "with", "either", "monoclonal", "gammopathy", "of", "undetermined", "significance", "(", "MGUS", ")", "or", "multiple", "myeloma", "(", "MM", ")", ",", "primary", "plasma", "-", "cell", "leukemia", "(", "P", "-", "PCL", ")", ",", "and", "also", "in", "human", "myeloma", "cell", "lines", "(", "HMCL", ")", ".", "NRAS", "and", "/", "or", "KRAS2", "mutations", "were", "found", "in", "54.5", "%", "of", "MM", "at", "diagnosis", "(", "but", "in", "81", "%", "at", "the", "time", "of", "relapse", ")", ",", "in", "50", "%", "of", "P", "-", "PCL", ",", "and", "in", "50", "%", "of", "16", "HMCL", ".", "In", "contrast", ",", "the", "occurrence", "of", "such", "mutations", "was", "very", "low", "in", "MGUS", "and", "indolent", "MM", "(", "12.50", "%", ")", ".", "Of", "note", ",", "KRAS2", "mutations", "were", "always", "more", "frequent", "than", "NRAS", ".", "The", "validity", "of", "the", "technique", "was", "assessed", "by", "direct", "sequencing", "of", "cell", "lines", "and", "of", "some", "patients", ".", "Multiple", "mutations", "found", "in", "two", "patients", "were", "confirmed", "by", "subcloning", "exon", "PCR", "amplification", "products", ",", "testing", "clones", "with", "our", "method", ",", "and", "sequencing", "them", ".", "Thus", ",", "these", "early", "mutations", "could", "play", "a", "major", "role", "in", "the", "oncogenesis", "of", "MM", "and", "P", "-", "PCL", ".", "\n" ]	[ "Gene" ]
Skelettsystem is an umlsterm, Metastasen is an umlsterm, Tumoren is an umlsterm, Metastasen is an umlsterm, radiologisch is an umlsterm, Knochenresorption is an umlsterm, Knochenformation is an umlsterm, Osteoklasten is an umlsterm, Zelle is an umlsterm, Faehigkeit is an umlsterm, Knochen is an umlsterm, Tumorzellen is an umlsterm, Knochen is an umlsterm, Metastasenprogression is an umlsterm, Knochendestruktion is an umlsterm, Behandlung is an umlsterm, Skelettmetastasen is an umlsterm, Tumorprogression is an umlsterm, pathologischen Frakturen is an umlsterm, Osteoklasten is an umlsterm, Arbeit is an umlsterm, Wissens is an umlsterm, Osteoklasten is an umlsterm, Knochenresorption is an umlsterm, Adhaesion is an umlsterm, Enzymsynthese is an umlsterm, Membrantransportsysteme is an umlsterm, Zeit is an umlsterm, Rolle is an umlsterm, Osteoklasten is an umlsterm	DerOrthopaede.80270214.ger.abstr_task0	Sentence: Das Skelettsystem ist ein haeufiger Manifestationsort von Metastasen maligner Tumoren . Diese Metastasen imponieren radiologisch infolge der tumorzellvermittelten exzessiven Stimulation von Knochenresorption oder Knochenformation entweder als lytische , gemischt lytisch-sklerosierte oder sklerosierte Laesionen . Dabei kommt dem Osteoklasten , als der einzigen Zelle mit der Faehigkeit , Knochen zu resorbieren , eine besondere Bedeutung fuer die Implantation von Tumorzellen im Knochen und der Metastasenprogression durch fortschreitende Knochendestruktion zu . Die Entwicklung moeglicher neuer therapeutischer Konzepte fuer die Behandlung von Skelettmetastasen mit dem Ziel der Vermeidung von Tumorprogression und pathologischen Frakturen wird wesentlich davon abhaengen , die zell- und molekularbiologischen Grundlagen des Osteoklasten und seiner Funktion zu erarbeiten . Die vorliegende Arbeit referiert den gegenwaertigen Stand unseres Wissens zur Zellbiologie des Osteoklasten und die molekularen Grundlagen der Knochenresorption . Dabei wird speziell eingegangen auf morphologische Besonderheiten , Mechanismen der Mobilitaet bzw. Adhaesion und des Resorptionskompartments sowie Enzymsynthese und Membrantransportsysteme . Die in letzter Zeit gerade erkannte Rolle von Protoonkogenen auf die autokrine Regulation von Differenzierung und Funktion des Osteoklasten sowie parakrine Regulationsmechanismen werden besonders beruecksichtigt . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Das Skelettsystem ist ein haeufiger Manifestationsort von Metastasen maligner Tumoren . Diese Metastasen imponieren radiologisch infolge der tumorzellvermittelten exzessiven Stimulation von Knochenresorption oder Knochenformation entweder als lytische , gemischt lytisch-sklerosierte oder sklerosierte Laesionen . Dabei kommt dem Osteoklasten , als der einzigen Zelle mit der Faehigkeit , Knochen zu resorbieren , eine besondere Bedeutung fuer die Implantation von Tumorzellen im Knochen und der Metastasenprogression durch fortschreitende Knochendestruktion zu . Die Entwicklung moeglicher neuer therapeutischer Konzepte fuer die Behandlung von Skelettmetastasen mit dem Ziel der Vermeidung von Tumorprogression und pathologischen Frakturen wird wesentlich davon abhaengen , die zell- und molekularbiologischen Grundlagen des Osteoklasten und seiner Funktion zu erarbeiten . Die vorliegende Arbeit referiert den gegenwaertigen Stand unseres Wissens zur Zellbiologie des Osteoklasten und die molekularen Grundlagen der Knochenresorption . Dabei wird speziell eingegangen auf morphologische Besonderheiten , Mechanismen der Mobilitaet bzw. Adhaesion und des Resorptionskompartments sowie Enzymsynthese und Membrantransportsysteme . Die in letzter Zeit gerade erkannte Rolle von Protoonkogenen auf die autokrine Regulation von Differenzierung und Funktion des Osteoklasten sowie parakrine Regulationsmechanismen werden besonders beruecksichtigt .	[ "Das", "Skelettsystem", "ist", "ein", "haeufiger", "Manifestationsort", "von", "Metastasen", "maligner", "Tumoren", ".", "Diese", "Metastasen", "imponieren", "radiologisch", "infolge", "der", "tumorzellvermittelten", "exzessiven", "Stimulation", "von", "Knochenresorption", "oder", "Knochenformation", "entweder", "als", "lytische", ",", "gemischt", "lytisch", "-", "sklerosierte", "oder", "sklerosierte", "Laesionen", ".", "Dabei", "kommt", "dem", "Osteoklasten", ",", "als", "der", "einzigen", "Zelle", "mit", "der", "Faehigkeit", ",", "Knochen", "zu", "resorbieren", ",", "eine", "besondere", "Bedeutung", "fuer", "die", "Implantation", "von", "Tumorzellen", "im", "Knochen", "und", "der", "Metastasenprogression", "durch", "fortschreitende", "Knochendestruktion", "zu", ".", "Die", "Entwicklung", "moeglicher", "neuer", "therapeutischer", "Konzepte", "fuer", "die", "Behandlung", "von", "Skelettmetastasen", "mit", "dem", "Ziel", "der", "Vermeidung", "von", "Tumorprogression", "und", "pathologischen", "Frakturen", "wird", "wesentlich", "davon", "abhaengen", ",", "die", "zell-", "und", "molekularbiologischen", "Grundlagen", "des", "Osteoklasten", "und", "seiner", "Funktion", "zu", "erarbeiten", ".", "Die", "vorliegende", "Arbeit", "referiert", "den", "gegenwaertigen", "Stand", "unseres", "Wissens", "zur", "Zellbiologie", "des", "Osteoklasten", "und", "die", "molekularen", "Grundlagen", "der", "Knochenresorption", ".", "Dabei", "wird", "speziell", "eingegangen", "auf", "morphologische", "Besonderheiten", ",", "Mechanismen", "der", "Mobilitaet", "bzw", ".", "Adhaesion", "und", "des", "Resorptionskompartments", "sowie", "Enzymsynthese", "und", "Membrantransportsysteme", ".", "Die", "in", "letzter", "Zeit", "gerade", "erkannte", "Rolle", "von", "Protoonkogenen", "auf", "die", "autokrine", "Regulation", "von", "Differenzierung", "und", "Funktion", "des", "Osteoklasten", "sowie", "parakrine", "Regulationsmechanismen", "werden", "besonders", "beruecksichtigt", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Skelettsystem is an umlsterm, Metastasen is an umlsterm, Tumoren is an umlsterm, Metastasen is an umlsterm, radiologisch is an umlsterm, Knochenresorption is an umlsterm, Knochenformation is an umlsterm, Osteoklasten is an umlsterm, Zelle is an umlsterm, Faehigkeit is an umlsterm, Knochen is an umlsterm, Tumorzellen is an umlsterm, Knochen is an umlsterm, Metastasenprogression is an umlsterm, Knochendestruktion is an umlsterm, Behandlung is an umlsterm, Skelettmetastasen is an umlsterm, Tumorprogression is an umlsterm, pathologischen Frakturen is an umlsterm, Osteoklasten is an umlsterm, Arbeit is an umlsterm, Wissens is an umlsterm, Osteoklasten is an umlsterm, Knochenresorption is an umlsterm, Adhaesion is an umlsterm, Enzymsynthese is an umlsterm, Membrantransportsysteme is an umlsterm, Zeit is an umlsterm, Rolle is an umlsterm, Osteoklasten is an umlsterm	DerOrthopaede.80270214.ger.abstr_task1	Sentence: Das Skelettsystem ist ein haeufiger Manifestationsort von Metastasen maligner Tumoren . Diese Metastasen imponieren radiologisch infolge der tumorzellvermittelten exzessiven Stimulation von Knochenresorption oder Knochenformation entweder als lytische , gemischt lytisch-sklerosierte oder sklerosierte Laesionen . Dabei kommt dem Osteoklasten , als der einzigen Zelle mit der Faehigkeit , Knochen zu resorbieren , eine besondere Bedeutung fuer die Implantation von Tumorzellen im Knochen und der Metastasenprogression durch fortschreitende Knochendestruktion zu . Die Entwicklung moeglicher neuer therapeutischer Konzepte fuer die Behandlung von Skelettmetastasen mit dem Ziel der Vermeidung von Tumorprogression und pathologischen Frakturen wird wesentlich davon abhaengen , die zell- und molekularbiologischen Grundlagen des Osteoklasten und seiner Funktion zu erarbeiten . Die vorliegende Arbeit referiert den gegenwaertigen Stand unseres Wissens zur Zellbiologie des Osteoklasten und die molekularen Grundlagen der Knochenresorption . Dabei wird speziell eingegangen auf morphologische Besonderheiten , Mechanismen der Mobilitaet bzw. Adhaesion und des Resorptionskompartments sowie Enzymsynthese und Membrantransportsysteme . Die in letzter Zeit gerade erkannte Rolle von Protoonkogenen auf die autokrine Regulation von Differenzierung und Funktion des Osteoklasten sowie parakrine Regulationsmechanismen werden besonders beruecksichtigt . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Skelettsystem, Metastasen, Tumoren, Metastasen, radiologisch, Knochenresorption, Knochenformation, Osteoklasten, Zelle, Faehigkeit, Knochen, Tumorzellen, Knochen, Metastasenprogression, Knochendestruktion, Behandlung, Skelettmetastasen, Tumorprogression, pathologischen Frakturen, Osteoklasten, Arbeit, Wissens, Osteoklasten, Knochenresorption, Adhaesion, Enzymsynthese, Membrantransportsysteme, Zeit, Rolle, Osteoklasten Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Das Skelettsystem ist ein haeufiger Manifestationsort von Metastasen maligner Tumoren . Diese Metastasen imponieren radiologisch infolge der tumorzellvermittelten exzessiven Stimulation von Knochenresorption oder Knochenformation entweder als lytische , gemischt lytisch-sklerosierte oder sklerosierte Laesionen . Dabei kommt dem Osteoklasten , als der einzigen Zelle mit der Faehigkeit , Knochen zu resorbieren , eine besondere Bedeutung fuer die Implantation von Tumorzellen im Knochen und der Metastasenprogression durch fortschreitende Knochendestruktion zu . Die Entwicklung moeglicher neuer therapeutischer Konzepte fuer die Behandlung von Skelettmetastasen mit dem Ziel der Vermeidung von Tumorprogression und pathologischen Frakturen wird wesentlich davon abhaengen , die zell- und molekularbiologischen Grundlagen des Osteoklasten und seiner Funktion zu erarbeiten . Die vorliegende Arbeit referiert den gegenwaertigen Stand unseres Wissens zur Zellbiologie des Osteoklasten und die molekularen Grundlagen der Knochenresorption . Dabei wird speziell eingegangen auf morphologische Besonderheiten , Mechanismen der Mobilitaet bzw. Adhaesion und des Resorptionskompartments sowie Enzymsynthese und Membrantransportsysteme . Die in letzter Zeit gerade erkannte Rolle von Protoonkogenen auf die autokrine Regulation von Differenzierung und Funktion des Osteoklasten sowie parakrine Regulationsmechanismen werden besonders beruecksichtigt .	[ "Das", "Skelettsystem", "ist", "ein", "haeufiger", "Manifestationsort", "von", "Metastasen", "maligner", "Tumoren", ".", "Diese", "Metastasen", "imponieren", "radiologisch", "infolge", "der", "tumorzellvermittelten", "exzessiven", "Stimulation", "von", "Knochenresorption", "oder", "Knochenformation", "entweder", "als", "lytische", ",", "gemischt", "lytisch", "-", "sklerosierte", "oder", "sklerosierte", "Laesionen", ".", "Dabei", "kommt", "dem", "Osteoklasten", ",", "als", "der", "einzigen", "Zelle", "mit", "der", "Faehigkeit", ",", "Knochen", "zu", "resorbieren", ",", "eine", "besondere", "Bedeutung", "fuer", "die", "Implantation", "von", "Tumorzellen", "im", "Knochen", "und", "der", "Metastasenprogression", "durch", "fortschreitende", "Knochendestruktion", "zu", ".", "Die", "Entwicklung", "moeglicher", "neuer", "therapeutischer", "Konzepte", "fuer", "die", "Behandlung", "von", "Skelettmetastasen", "mit", "dem", "Ziel", "der", "Vermeidung", "von", "Tumorprogression", "und", "pathologischen", "Frakturen", "wird", "wesentlich", "davon", "abhaengen", ",", "die", "zell-", "und", "molekularbiologischen", "Grundlagen", "des", "Osteoklasten", "und", "seiner", "Funktion", "zu", "erarbeiten", ".", "Die", "vorliegende", "Arbeit", "referiert", "den", "gegenwaertigen", "Stand", "unseres", "Wissens", "zur", "Zellbiologie", "des", "Osteoklasten", "und", "die", "molekularen", "Grundlagen", "der", "Knochenresorption", ".", "Dabei", "wird", "speziell", "eingegangen", "auf", "morphologische", "Besonderheiten", ",", "Mechanismen", "der", "Mobilitaet", "bzw", ".", "Adhaesion", "und", "des", "Resorptionskompartments", "sowie", "Enzymsynthese", "und", "Membrantransportsysteme", ".", "Die", "in", "letzter", "Zeit", "gerade", "erkannte", "Rolle", "von", "Protoonkogenen", "auf", "die", "autokrine", "Regulation", "von", "Differenzierung", "und", "Funktion", "des", "Osteoklasten", "sowie", "parakrine", "Regulationsmechanismen", "werden", "besonders", "beruecksichtigt", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Skelettsystem, Metastasen, Tumoren, Metastasen, radiologisch, Knochenresorption, Knochenformation, Osteoklasten, Zelle, Faehigkeit, Knochen, Tumorzellen, Knochen, Metastasenprogression, Knochendestruktion, Behandlung, Skelettmetastasen, Tumorprogression, pathologischen Frakturen, Osteoklasten, Arbeit, Wissens, Osteoklasten, Knochenresorption, Adhaesion, Enzymsynthese, Membrantransportsysteme, Zeit, Rolle, Osteoklasten	DerOrthopaede.80270214.ger.abstr_task2	Sentence: Das Skelettsystem ist ein haeufiger Manifestationsort von Metastasen maligner Tumoren . Diese Metastasen imponieren radiologisch infolge der tumorzellvermittelten exzessiven Stimulation von Knochenresorption oder Knochenformation entweder als lytische , gemischt lytisch-sklerosierte oder sklerosierte Laesionen . Dabei kommt dem Osteoklasten , als der einzigen Zelle mit der Faehigkeit , Knochen zu resorbieren , eine besondere Bedeutung fuer die Implantation von Tumorzellen im Knochen und der Metastasenprogression durch fortschreitende Knochendestruktion zu . Die Entwicklung moeglicher neuer therapeutischer Konzepte fuer die Behandlung von Skelettmetastasen mit dem Ziel der Vermeidung von Tumorprogression und pathologischen Frakturen wird wesentlich davon abhaengen , die zell- und molekularbiologischen Grundlagen des Osteoklasten und seiner Funktion zu erarbeiten . Die vorliegende Arbeit referiert den gegenwaertigen Stand unseres Wissens zur Zellbiologie des Osteoklasten und die molekularen Grundlagen der Knochenresorption . Dabei wird speziell eingegangen auf morphologische Besonderheiten , Mechanismen der Mobilitaet bzw. Adhaesion und des Resorptionskompartments sowie Enzymsynthese und Membrantransportsysteme . Die in letzter Zeit gerade erkannte Rolle von Protoonkogenen auf die autokrine Regulation von Differenzierung und Funktion des Osteoklasten sowie parakrine Regulationsmechanismen werden besonders beruecksichtigt . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Das Skelettsystem ist ein haeufiger Manifestationsort von Metastasen maligner Tumoren . Diese Metastasen imponieren radiologisch infolge der tumorzellvermittelten exzessiven Stimulation von Knochenresorption oder Knochenformation entweder als lytische , gemischt lytisch-sklerosierte oder sklerosierte Laesionen . Dabei kommt dem Osteoklasten , als der einzigen Zelle mit der Faehigkeit , Knochen zu resorbieren , eine besondere Bedeutung fuer die Implantation von Tumorzellen im Knochen und der Metastasenprogression durch fortschreitende Knochendestruktion zu . Die Entwicklung moeglicher neuer therapeutischer Konzepte fuer die Behandlung von Skelettmetastasen mit dem Ziel der Vermeidung von Tumorprogression und pathologischen Frakturen wird wesentlich davon abhaengen , die zell- und molekularbiologischen Grundlagen des Osteoklasten und seiner Funktion zu erarbeiten . Die vorliegende Arbeit referiert den gegenwaertigen Stand unseres Wissens zur Zellbiologie des Osteoklasten und die molekularen Grundlagen der Knochenresorption . Dabei wird speziell eingegangen auf morphologische Besonderheiten , Mechanismen der Mobilitaet bzw. Adhaesion und des Resorptionskompartments sowie Enzymsynthese und Membrantransportsysteme . Die in letzter Zeit gerade erkannte Rolle von Protoonkogenen auf die autokrine Regulation von Differenzierung und Funktion des Osteoklasten sowie parakrine Regulationsmechanismen werden besonders beruecksichtigt .	[ "Das", "Skelettsystem", "ist", "ein", "haeufiger", "Manifestationsort", "von", "Metastasen", "maligner", "Tumoren", ".", "Diese", "Metastasen", "imponieren", "radiologisch", "infolge", "der", "tumorzellvermittelten", "exzessiven", "Stimulation", "von", "Knochenresorption", "oder", "Knochenformation", "entweder", "als", "lytische", ",", "gemischt", "lytisch", "-", "sklerosierte", "oder", "sklerosierte", "Laesionen", ".", "Dabei", "kommt", "dem", "Osteoklasten", ",", "als", "der", "einzigen", "Zelle", "mit", "der", "Faehigkeit", ",", "Knochen", "zu", "resorbieren", ",", "eine", "besondere", "Bedeutung", "fuer", "die", "Implantation", "von", "Tumorzellen", "im", "Knochen", "und", "der", "Metastasenprogression", "durch", "fortschreitende", "Knochendestruktion", "zu", ".", "Die", "Entwicklung", "moeglicher", "neuer", "therapeutischer", "Konzepte", "fuer", "die", "Behandlung", "von", "Skelettmetastasen", "mit", "dem", "Ziel", "der", "Vermeidung", "von", "Tumorprogression", "und", "pathologischen", "Frakturen", "wird", "wesentlich", "davon", "abhaengen", ",", "die", "zell-", "und", "molekularbiologischen", "Grundlagen", "des", "Osteoklasten", "und", "seiner", "Funktion", "zu", "erarbeiten", ".", "Die", "vorliegende", "Arbeit", "referiert", "den", "gegenwaertigen", "Stand", "unseres", "Wissens", "zur", "Zellbiologie", "des", "Osteoklasten", "und", "die", "molekularen", "Grundlagen", "der", "Knochenresorption", ".", "Dabei", "wird", "speziell", "eingegangen", "auf", "morphologische", "Besonderheiten", ",", "Mechanismen", "der", "Mobilitaet", "bzw", ".", "Adhaesion", "und", "des", "Resorptionskompartments", "sowie", "Enzymsynthese", "und", "Membrantransportsysteme", ".", "Die", "in", "letzter", "Zeit", "gerade", "erkannte", "Rolle", "von", "Protoonkogenen", "auf", "die", "autokrine", "Regulation", "von", "Differenzierung", "und", "Funktion", "des", "Osteoklasten", "sowie", "parakrine", "Regulationsmechanismen", "werden", "besonders", "beruecksichtigt", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
GSCL , is a Gene, CTP , is a Gene, CLTD , is a Gene, HIRA , is a Gene, TMVCF , is a Gene	389_task0	Sentence: Molecular definition of 22q11 deletions in 151 velo-cardio-facial syndrome patients. Velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS) is a relatively common developmental disorder characterized by craniofacial anomalies and conotruncal heart defects. Many VCFS patients have hemizygous deletions for a part of 22q11, suggesting that haploinsufficiency in this region is responsible for its etiology. Because most cases of VCFS are sporadic, portions of 22q11 may be prone to rearrangement. To understand the molecular basis for chromosomal deletions, we defined the extent of the deletion, by genotyping 151 VCFS patients and performing haplotype analysis on 105, using 15 consecutive polymorphic markers in 22q11. We found that 83% had a deletion and >90% of these had a similar approximately 3 Mb deletion, suggesting that sequences flanking the common breakpoints are susceptible to rearrangement. We found no correlation between the presence or size of the deletion and the phenotype. To further define the chromosomal breakpoints among the VCFS patients, we developed somatic hybrid cell lines from a set of VCFS patients. An 11-kb resolution physical map of a 1,080-kb region that includes deletion breakpoints was constructed, incorporating genes and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) isolated by the hybridization selection method. The ordered markers were used to examine the two separated copies of chromosome 22 in the somatic hybrid cell lines. In some cases, we were able to map the chromosome breakpoints within a single cosmid. A 480-kb critical region for VCFS has been delineated, including the genes for GSCL, CTP, CLTD, HIRA, and TMVCF, as well as a number of novel ordered ESTs. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Gene	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "O", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Molecular definition of 22q11 deletions in 151 velo-cardio-facial syndrome patients. Velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS) is a relatively common developmental disorder characterized by craniofacial anomalies and conotruncal heart defects. Many VCFS patients have hemizygous deletions for a part of 22q11, suggesting that haploinsufficiency in this region is responsible for its etiology. Because most cases of VCFS are sporadic, portions of 22q11 may be prone to rearrangement. To understand the molecular basis for chromosomal deletions, we defined the extent of the deletion, by genotyping 151 VCFS patients and performing haplotype analysis on 105, using 15 consecutive polymorphic markers in 22q11. We found that 83% had a deletion and >90% of these had a similar approximately 3 Mb deletion, suggesting that sequences flanking the common breakpoints are susceptible to rearrangement. We found no correlation between the presence or size of the deletion and the phenotype. To further define the chromosomal breakpoints among the VCFS patients, we developed somatic hybrid cell lines from a set of VCFS patients. An 11-kb resolution physical map of a 1,080-kb region that includes deletion breakpoints was constructed, incorporating genes and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) isolated by the hybridization selection method. The ordered markers were used to examine the two separated copies of chromosome 22 in the somatic hybrid cell lines. In some cases, we were able to map the chromosome breakpoints within a single cosmid. A 480-kb critical region for VCFS has been delineated, including the genes for GSCL, CTP, CLTD, HIRA, and TMVCF, as well as a number of novel ordered ESTs.	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GSCL , is a Gene, CTP , is a Gene, CLTD , is a Gene, HIRA , is a Gene, TMVCF , is a Gene	389_task1	Sentence: Molecular definition of 22q11 deletions in 151 velo-cardio-facial syndrome patients. Velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS) is a relatively common developmental disorder characterized by craniofacial anomalies and conotruncal heart defects. Many VCFS patients have hemizygous deletions for a part of 22q11, suggesting that haploinsufficiency in this region is responsible for its etiology. Because most cases of VCFS are sporadic, portions of 22q11 may be prone to rearrangement. To understand the molecular basis for chromosomal deletions, we defined the extent of the deletion, by genotyping 151 VCFS patients and performing haplotype analysis on 105, using 15 consecutive polymorphic markers in 22q11. We found that 83% had a deletion and >90% of these had a similar approximately 3 Mb deletion, suggesting that sequences flanking the common breakpoints are susceptible to rearrangement. We found no correlation between the presence or size of the deletion and the phenotype. To further define the chromosomal breakpoints among the VCFS patients, we developed somatic hybrid cell lines from a set of VCFS patients. An 11-kb resolution physical map of a 1,080-kb region that includes deletion breakpoints was constructed, incorporating genes and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) isolated by the hybridization selection method. The ordered markers were used to examine the two separated copies of chromosome 22 in the somatic hybrid cell lines. In some cases, we were able to map the chromosome breakpoints within a single cosmid. A 480-kb critical region for VCFS has been delineated, including the genes for GSCL, CTP, CLTD, HIRA, and TMVCF, as well as a number of novel ordered ESTs. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: GSCL ,, CTP ,, CLTD ,, HIRA ,, TMVCF , Options: Gene	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "O", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Molecular definition of 22q11 deletions in 151 velo-cardio-facial syndrome patients. Velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS) is a relatively common developmental disorder characterized by craniofacial anomalies and conotruncal heart defects. Many VCFS patients have hemizygous deletions for a part of 22q11, suggesting that haploinsufficiency in this region is responsible for its etiology. Because most cases of VCFS are sporadic, portions of 22q11 may be prone to rearrangement. To understand the molecular basis for chromosomal deletions, we defined the extent of the deletion, by genotyping 151 VCFS patients and performing haplotype analysis on 105, using 15 consecutive polymorphic markers in 22q11. We found that 83% had a deletion and >90% of these had a similar approximately 3 Mb deletion, suggesting that sequences flanking the common breakpoints are susceptible to rearrangement. We found no correlation between the presence or size of the deletion and the phenotype. To further define the chromosomal breakpoints among the VCFS patients, we developed somatic hybrid cell lines from a set of VCFS patients. An 11-kb resolution physical map of a 1,080-kb region that includes deletion breakpoints was constructed, incorporating genes and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) isolated by the hybridization selection method. The ordered markers were used to examine the two separated copies of chromosome 22 in the somatic hybrid cell lines. In some cases, we were able to map the chromosome breakpoints within a single cosmid. A 480-kb critical region for VCFS has been delineated, including the genes for GSCL, CTP, CLTD, HIRA, and TMVCF, as well as a number of novel ordered ESTs.	[ "Molecular", "definition", "of", "22q11", "deletions", "in", "151", "velo", "-", "cardio", "-", "facial", "syndrome", "patients", ".", "Velo", "-", "cardio", "-", "facial", "syndrome", "(", "VCFS", ")", "is", "a", "relatively", "common", "developmental", "disorder", "characterized", "by", "craniofacial", "anomalies", "and", "conotruncal", "heart", "defects", ".", "Many", "VCFS", "patients", "have", "hemizygous", "deletions", "for", "a", "part", "of", "22q11", ",", "suggesting", "that", "haploinsufficiency", "in", "this", "region", "is", "responsible", "for", "its", "etiology", ".", "Because", "most", "cases", "of", "VCFS", "are", "sporadic", ",", "portions", "of", "22q11", "may", "be", "prone", "to", "rearrangement", ".", "To", "understand", "the", "molecular", "basis", "for", "chromosomal", "deletions", ",", "we", "defined", "the", "extent", "of", "the", "deletion", ",", "by", "genotyping", "151", "VCFS", "patients", "and", "performing", "haplotype", "analysis", "on", "105", ",", "using", "15", "consecutive", "polymorphic", "markers", "in", "22q11", ".", "We", "found", "that", "83", "%", "had", "a", "deletion", "and", ">", "90", "%", "of", "these", "had", "a", "similar", "approximately", "3", "Mb", "deletion", ",", "suggesting", "that", "sequences", "flanking", "the", "common", "breakpoints", "are", "susceptible", "to", "rearrangement", ".", "We", "found", "no", "correlation", "between", "the", "presence", "or", "size", "of", "the", "deletion", "and", "the", "phenotype", ".", "To", "further", "define", "the", "chromosomal", "breakpoints", "among", "the", "VCFS", "patients", ",", "we", "developed", "somatic", "hybrid", "cell", "lines", "from", "a", "set", "of", "VCFS", "patients", ".", "An", "11-kb", "resolution", "physical", "map", "of", "a", "1,080-kb", "region", "that", "includes", "deletion", "breakpoints", "was", "constructed", ",", "incorporating", "genes", "and", "expressed", "sequence", "tags", "(", "ESTs", ")", "isolated", "by", "the", "hybridization", "selection", "method", ".", "The", "ordered", "markers", "were", "used", "to", "examine", "the", "two", "separated", "copies", "of", "chromosome", "22", "in", "the", "somatic", "hybrid", "cell", "lines", ".", "In", "some", "cases", ",", "we", "were", "able", "to", "map", "the", "chromosome", "breakpoints", "within", "a", "single", "cosmid", ".", "A", "480-kb", "critical", "region", "for", "VCFS", "has", "been", "delineated", ",", "including", "the", "genes", "for", "GSCL", ",", "CTP", ",", "CLTD", ",", "HIRA", ",", "and", "TMVCF", ",", "as", "well", "as", "a", "number", "of", "novel", "ordered", "ESTs", ".", "\n" ]	[ "Gene" ]
GSCL ,, CTP ,, CLTD ,, HIRA ,, TMVCF ,	389_task2	Sentence: Molecular definition of 22q11 deletions in 151 velo-cardio-facial syndrome patients. Velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS) is a relatively common developmental disorder characterized by craniofacial anomalies and conotruncal heart defects. Many VCFS patients have hemizygous deletions for a part of 22q11, suggesting that haploinsufficiency in this region is responsible for its etiology. Because most cases of VCFS are sporadic, portions of 22q11 may be prone to rearrangement. To understand the molecular basis for chromosomal deletions, we defined the extent of the deletion, by genotyping 151 VCFS patients and performing haplotype analysis on 105, using 15 consecutive polymorphic markers in 22q11. We found that 83% had a deletion and >90% of these had a similar approximately 3 Mb deletion, suggesting that sequences flanking the common breakpoints are susceptible to rearrangement. We found no correlation between the presence or size of the deletion and the phenotype. To further define the chromosomal breakpoints among the VCFS patients, we developed somatic hybrid cell lines from a set of VCFS patients. An 11-kb resolution physical map of a 1,080-kb region that includes deletion breakpoints was constructed, incorporating genes and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) isolated by the hybridization selection method. The ordered markers were used to examine the two separated copies of chromosome 22 in the somatic hybrid cell lines. In some cases, we were able to map the chromosome breakpoints within a single cosmid. A 480-kb critical region for VCFS has been delineated, including the genes for GSCL, CTP, CLTD, HIRA, and TMVCF, as well as a number of novel ordered ESTs. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "O", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Molecular definition of 22q11 deletions in 151 velo-cardio-facial syndrome patients. Velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS) is a relatively common developmental disorder characterized by craniofacial anomalies and conotruncal heart defects. Many VCFS patients have hemizygous deletions for a part of 22q11, suggesting that haploinsufficiency in this region is responsible for its etiology. Because most cases of VCFS are sporadic, portions of 22q11 may be prone to rearrangement. To understand the molecular basis for chromosomal deletions, we defined the extent of the deletion, by genotyping 151 VCFS patients and performing haplotype analysis on 105, using 15 consecutive polymorphic markers in 22q11. We found that 83% had a deletion and >90% of these had a similar approximately 3 Mb deletion, suggesting that sequences flanking the common breakpoints are susceptible to rearrangement. We found no correlation between the presence or size of the deletion and the phenotype. To further define the chromosomal breakpoints among the VCFS patients, we developed somatic hybrid cell lines from a set of VCFS patients. An 11-kb resolution physical map of a 1,080-kb region that includes deletion breakpoints was constructed, incorporating genes and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) isolated by the hybridization selection method. The ordered markers were used to examine the two separated copies of chromosome 22 in the somatic hybrid cell lines. In some cases, we were able to map the chromosome breakpoints within a single cosmid. A 480-kb critical region for VCFS has been delineated, including the genes for GSCL, CTP, CLTD, HIRA, and TMVCF, as well as a number of novel ordered ESTs.	[ "Molecular", "definition", "of", "22q11", "deletions", "in", "151", "velo", "-", "cardio", "-", "facial", "syndrome", "patients", ".", "Velo", "-", "cardio", "-", "facial", "syndrome", "(", "VCFS", ")", "is", "a", "relatively", "common", "developmental", "disorder", "characterized", "by", "craniofacial", "anomalies", "and", "conotruncal", "heart", "defects", ".", "Many", "VCFS", "patients", "have", "hemizygous", "deletions", "for", "a", "part", "of", "22q11", ",", "suggesting", "that", "haploinsufficiency", "in", "this", "region", "is", "responsible", "for", "its", "etiology", ".", "Because", "most", "cases", "of", "VCFS", "are", "sporadic", ",", "portions", "of", "22q11", "may", "be", "prone", "to", "rearrangement", ".", "To", "understand", "the", "molecular", "basis", "for", "chromosomal", "deletions", ",", "we", "defined", "the", "extent", "of", "the", "deletion", ",", "by", "genotyping", "151", "VCFS", "patients", "and", "performing", "haplotype", "analysis", "on", "105", ",", "using", "15", "consecutive", "polymorphic", "markers", "in", "22q11", ".", "We", "found", "that", "83", "%", "had", "a", "deletion", "and", ">", "90", "%", "of", "these", "had", "a", "similar", "approximately", "3", "Mb", "deletion", ",", "suggesting", "that", "sequences", "flanking", "the", "common", "breakpoints", "are", "susceptible", "to", "rearrangement", ".", "We", "found", "no", "correlation", "between", "the", "presence", "or", "size", "of", "the", "deletion", "and", "the", "phenotype", ".", "To", "further", "define", "the", "chromosomal", "breakpoints", "among", "the", "VCFS", "patients", ",", "we", "developed", "somatic", "hybrid", "cell", "lines", "from", "a", "set", "of", "VCFS", "patients", ".", "An", "11-kb", "resolution", "physical", "map", "of", "a", "1,080-kb", "region", "that", "includes", "deletion", "breakpoints", "was", "constructed", ",", "incorporating", "genes", "and", "expressed", "sequence", "tags", "(", "ESTs", ")", "isolated", "by", "the", "hybridization", "selection", "method", ".", "The", "ordered", "markers", "were", "used", "to", "examine", "the", "two", "separated", "copies", "of", "chromosome", "22", "in", "the", "somatic", "hybrid", "cell", "lines", ".", "In", "some", "cases", ",", "we", "were", "able", "to", "map", "the", "chromosome", "breakpoints", "within", "a", "single", "cosmid", ".", "A", "480-kb", "critical", "region", "for", "VCFS", "has", "been", "delineated", ",", "including", "the", "genes", "for", "GSCL", ",", "CTP", ",", "CLTD", ",", "HIRA", ",", "and", "TMVCF", ",", "as", "well", "as", "a", "number", "of", "novel", "ordered", "ESTs", ".", "\n" ]	[ "Gene" ]
Pyk2 is a protein, Pyk2-Y402F is a protein, Src is a protein, Grb2 is a protein, Shc is a protein, Crk is a protein, p130Cas is a protein, ERK is a protein-family, JNK is a protein-family	1.0alpha7.train.88_task0	Sentence: A mutant form of Pyk2 (Pyk2-Y402F) that is unable to bind and activate Src is impaired in its ability to induce association of Grb2 with Shc, binding of Crk to p130Cas and stimulation of the ERK and JNK cascades. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: protein-family, protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein-family", "O", "B-protein-family", "O", "O" ]	A mutant form of Pyk2 (Pyk2-Y402F) that is unable to bind and activate Src is impaired in its ability to induce association of Grb2 with Shc, binding of Crk to p130Cas and stimulation of the ERK and JNK cascades.	[ "A", "mutant", "form", "of", "Pyk2", "(", "Pyk2-Y402F", ")", "that", "is", "unable", "to", "bind", "and", "activate", "Src", "is", "impaired", "in", "its", "ability", "to", "induce", "association", "of", "Grb2", "with", "Shc", ",", "binding", "of", "Crk", "to", "p130Cas", "and", "stimulation", "of", "the", "ERK", "and", "JNK", "cascades", "." ]	[ "protein", "protein-family" ]
Pyk2 is a protein, Pyk2-Y402F is a protein, Src is a protein, Grb2 is a protein, Shc is a protein, Crk is a protein, p130Cas is a protein, ERK is a protein-family, JNK is a protein-family	1.0alpha7.train.88_task1	Sentence: A mutant form of Pyk2 (Pyk2-Y402F) that is unable to bind and activate Src is impaired in its ability to induce association of Grb2 with Shc, binding of Crk to p130Cas and stimulation of the ERK and JNK cascades. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Pyk2, Pyk2-Y402F, Src, Grb2, Shc, Crk, p130Cas, ERK, JNK Options: protein-family, protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein-family", "O", "B-protein-family", "O", "O" ]	A mutant form of Pyk2 (Pyk2-Y402F) that is unable to bind and activate Src is impaired in its ability to induce association of Grb2 with Shc, binding of Crk to p130Cas and stimulation of the ERK and JNK cascades.	[ "A", "mutant", "form", "of", "Pyk2", "(", "Pyk2-Y402F", ")", "that", "is", "unable", "to", "bind", "and", "activate", "Src", "is", "impaired", "in", "its", "ability", "to", "induce", "association", "of", "Grb2", "with", "Shc", ",", "binding", "of", "Crk", "to", "p130Cas", "and", "stimulation", "of", "the", "ERK", "and", "JNK", "cascades", "." ]	[ "protein", "protein-family" ]
Pyk2, Pyk2-Y402F, Src, Grb2, Shc, Crk, p130Cas, ERK, JNK	1.0alpha7.train.88_task2	Sentence: A mutant form of Pyk2 (Pyk2-Y402F) that is unable to bind and activate Src is impaired in its ability to induce association of Grb2 with Shc, binding of Crk to p130Cas and stimulation of the ERK and JNK cascades. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein-family", "O", "B-protein-family", "O", "O" ]	A mutant form of Pyk2 (Pyk2-Y402F) that is unable to bind and activate Src is impaired in its ability to induce association of Grb2 with Shc, binding of Crk to p130Cas and stimulation of the ERK and JNK cascades.	[ "A", "mutant", "form", "of", "Pyk2", "(", "Pyk2-Y402F", ")", "that", "is", "unable", "to", "bind", "and", "activate", "Src", "is", "impaired", "in", "its", "ability", "to", "induce", "association", "of", "Grb2", "with", "Shc", ",", "binding", "of", "Crk", "to", "p130Cas", "and", "stimulation", "of", "the", "ERK", "and", "JNK", "cascades", "." ]	[ "protein", "protein-family" ]
E - cadherin is a Gene/protein/RNA, alpha - catenin is a Gene/protein/RNA, beta - catenin is a Gene/protein/RNA, gamma - catenin is a Gene/protein/RNA	369_task0	Sentence: However, when all of the four proteins (E-cadherin, alpha-catenin, beta-catenin, and gamma-catenin) were analysed as one group, a significant association was seen between reduction in immunoreactivity of at least one of these four proteins and the presence of metastases. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Gene/protein/RNA	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "O", "B-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "O", "B-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "O", "O", "B-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	However, when all of the four proteins (E-cadherin, alpha-catenin, beta-catenin, and gamma-catenin) were analysed as one group, a significant association was seen between reduction in immunoreactivity of at least one of these four proteins and the presence of metastases.	[ "However", ",", "when", "all", "of", "the", "four", "proteins", "(", "E", "-", "cadherin", ",", "alpha", "-", "catenin", ",", "beta", "-", "catenin", ",", "and", "gamma", "-", "catenin", ")", "were", "analysed", "as", "one", "group", ",", "a", "significant", "association", "was", "seen", "between", "reduction", "in", "immunoreactivity", "of", "at", "least", "one", "of", "these", "four", "proteins", "and", "the", "presence", "of", "metastases", "." ]	[ "Gene/protein/RNA" ]
E - cadherin is a Gene/protein/RNA, alpha - catenin is a Gene/protein/RNA, beta - catenin is a Gene/protein/RNA, gamma - catenin is a Gene/protein/RNA	369_task1	Sentence: However, when all of the four proteins (E-cadherin, alpha-catenin, beta-catenin, and gamma-catenin) were analysed as one group, a significant association was seen between reduction in immunoreactivity of at least one of these four proteins and the presence of metastases. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: E - cadherin, alpha - catenin, beta - catenin, gamma - catenin Options: Gene/protein/RNA	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "O", "B-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "O", "B-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "O", "O", "B-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	However, when all of the four proteins (E-cadherin, alpha-catenin, beta-catenin, and gamma-catenin) were analysed as one group, a significant association was seen between reduction in immunoreactivity of at least one of these four proteins and the presence of metastases.	[ "However", ",", "when", "all", "of", "the", "four", "proteins", "(", "E", "-", "cadherin", ",", "alpha", "-", "catenin", ",", "beta", "-", "catenin", ",", "and", "gamma", "-", "catenin", ")", "were", "analysed", "as", "one", "group", ",", "a", "significant", "association", "was", "seen", "between", "reduction", "in", "immunoreactivity", "of", "at", "least", "one", "of", "these", "four", "proteins", "and", "the", "presence", "of", "metastases", "." ]	[ "Gene/protein/RNA" ]
E - cadherin, alpha - catenin, beta - catenin, gamma - catenin	369_task2	Sentence: However, when all of the four proteins (E-cadherin, alpha-catenin, beta-catenin, and gamma-catenin) were analysed as one group, a significant association was seen between reduction in immunoreactivity of at least one of these four proteins and the presence of metastases. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "O", "B-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "O", "B-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "O", "O", "B-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	However, when all of the four proteins (E-cadherin, alpha-catenin, beta-catenin, and gamma-catenin) were analysed as one group, a significant association was seen between reduction in immunoreactivity of at least one of these four proteins and the presence of metastases.	[ "However", ",", "when", "all", "of", "the", "four", "proteins", "(", "E", "-", "cadherin", ",", "alpha", "-", "catenin", ",", "beta", "-", "catenin", ",", "and", "gamma", "-", "catenin", ")", "were", "analysed", "as", "one", "group", ",", "a", "significant", "association", "was", "seen", "between", "reduction", "in", "immunoreactivity", "of", "at", "least", "one", "of", "these", "four", "proteins", "and", "the", "presence", "of", "metastases", "." ]	[ "Gene/protein/RNA" ]
cell is an umlsterm, B - cell lymphomas is an umlsterm, classification is an umlsterm, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia is an umlsterm, B cell is an umlsterm, mantle cell lymphoma is an umlsterm, follicular lymphoma is an umlsterm, hairy cell leukaemia is an umlsterm, plasmacytoma is an umlsterm, WHO- is an umlsterm, REAL - classification is an umlsterm, prolymphocytic leukaemia is an umlsterm, single is an umlsterm, disease is an umlsterm, All is an umlsterm, lymphomas is an umlsterm, B cells is an umlsterm, stages is an umlsterm, tumour is an umlsterm, cell growth is an umlsterm, -cytology is an umlsterm	DerPathologe.00210147.eng.abstr_task0	Sentence: Similar to the R. E. A. L-System , the small cell B-cell lymphomas of the new WHO classification consist of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia of B cell type , mantle cell lymphoma , follicular lymphoma , lymphoplasmocytic lymphoma/immunocytoma , hairy cell leukaemia , as well as plasmacytoma . The only major difference between the WHO- and the REAL-classification is the consideration of prolymphocytic leukaemia as a single disease entity in the former system . All the above-mentioned lymphomas arise from B cells of varying stages of differentiation and , therefore , often demonstrate architectural , cytological and immunophenotypic characteristics of their normal physiological counterparts . Consideration of tumour cell growth pattern , -cytology , -immunophenotype and ... Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Similar to the R. E. A. L-System , the small cell B-cell lymphomas of the new WHO classification consist of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia of B cell type , mantle cell lymphoma , follicular lymphoma , lymphoplasmocytic lymphoma/immunocytoma , hairy cell leukaemia , as well as plasmacytoma . The only major difference between the WHO- and the REAL-classification is the consideration of prolymphocytic leukaemia as a single disease entity in the former system . All the above-mentioned lymphomas arise from B cells of varying stages of differentiation and , therefore , often demonstrate architectural , cytological and immunophenotypic characteristics of their normal physiological counterparts . Consideration of tumour cell growth pattern , -cytology , -immunophenotype and ...	[ "Similar", "to", "the", "R.", "E.", "A.", "L", "-", "System", ",", "the", "small", "cell", "B", "-", "cell", "lymphomas", "of", "the", "new", "WHO", "classification", "consist", "of", "chronic", "lymphocytic", "leukaemia", "of", "B", "cell", "type", ",", "mantle", "cell", "lymphoma", ",", "follicular", "lymphoma", ",", "lymphoplasmocytic", "lymphoma", "/", "immunocytoma", ",", "hairy", "cell", "leukaemia", ",", "as", "well", "as", "plasmacytoma", ".", "The", "only", "major", "difference", "between", "the", "WHO-", "and", "the", "REAL", "-", "classification", "is", "the", "consideration", "of", "prolymphocytic", "leukaemia", "as", "a", "single", "disease", "entity", "in", "the", "former", "system", ".", "All", "the", "above", "-", "mentioned", "lymphomas", "arise", "from", "B", "cells", "of", "varying", "stages", "of", "differentiation", "and", ",", "therefore", ",", "often", "demonstrate", "architectural", ",", "cytological", "and", "immunophenotypic", "characteristics", "of", "their", "normal", "physiological", "counterparts", ".", "Consideration", "of", "tumour", "cell", "growth", "pattern", ",", "-cytology", ",", "-immunophenotype", "and", "..." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
cell is an umlsterm, B - cell lymphomas is an umlsterm, classification is an umlsterm, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia is an umlsterm, B cell is an umlsterm, mantle cell lymphoma is an umlsterm, follicular lymphoma is an umlsterm, hairy cell leukaemia is an umlsterm, plasmacytoma is an umlsterm, WHO- is an umlsterm, REAL - classification is an umlsterm, prolymphocytic leukaemia is an umlsterm, single is an umlsterm, disease is an umlsterm, All is an umlsterm, lymphomas is an umlsterm, B cells is an umlsterm, stages is an umlsterm, tumour is an umlsterm, cell growth is an umlsterm, -cytology is an umlsterm	DerPathologe.00210147.eng.abstr_task1	Sentence: Similar to the R. E. A. L-System , the small cell B-cell lymphomas of the new WHO classification consist of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia of B cell type , mantle cell lymphoma , follicular lymphoma , lymphoplasmocytic lymphoma/immunocytoma , hairy cell leukaemia , as well as plasmacytoma . The only major difference between the WHO- and the REAL-classification is the consideration of prolymphocytic leukaemia as a single disease entity in the former system . All the above-mentioned lymphomas arise from B cells of varying stages of differentiation and , therefore , often demonstrate architectural , cytological and immunophenotypic characteristics of their normal physiological counterparts . Consideration of tumour cell growth pattern , -cytology , -immunophenotype and ... Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: cell, B - cell lymphomas, classification, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, B cell, mantle cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, hairy cell leukaemia, plasmacytoma, WHO-, REAL - classification, prolymphocytic leukaemia, single, disease, All, lymphomas, B cells, stages, tumour, cell growth, -cytology Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Similar to the R. E. A. L-System , the small cell B-cell lymphomas of the new WHO classification consist of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia of B cell type , mantle cell lymphoma , follicular lymphoma , lymphoplasmocytic lymphoma/immunocytoma , hairy cell leukaemia , as well as plasmacytoma . The only major difference between the WHO- and the REAL-classification is the consideration of prolymphocytic leukaemia as a single disease entity in the former system . All the above-mentioned lymphomas arise from B cells of varying stages of differentiation and , therefore , often demonstrate architectural , cytological and immunophenotypic characteristics of their normal physiological counterparts . Consideration of tumour cell growth pattern , -cytology , -immunophenotype and ...	[ "Similar", "to", "the", "R.", "E.", "A.", "L", "-", "System", ",", "the", "small", "cell", "B", "-", "cell", "lymphomas", "of", "the", "new", "WHO", "classification", "consist", "of", "chronic", "lymphocytic", "leukaemia", "of", "B", "cell", "type", ",", "mantle", "cell", "lymphoma", ",", "follicular", "lymphoma", ",", "lymphoplasmocytic", "lymphoma", "/", "immunocytoma", ",", "hairy", "cell", "leukaemia", ",", "as", "well", "as", "plasmacytoma", ".", "The", "only", "major", "difference", "between", "the", "WHO-", "and", "the", "REAL", "-", "classification", "is", "the", "consideration", "of", "prolymphocytic", "leukaemia", "as", "a", "single", "disease", "entity", "in", "the", "former", "system", ".", "All", "the", "above", "-", "mentioned", "lymphomas", "arise", "from", "B", "cells", "of", "varying", "stages", "of", "differentiation", "and", ",", "therefore", ",", "often", "demonstrate", "architectural", ",", "cytological", "and", "immunophenotypic", "characteristics", "of", "their", "normal", "physiological", "counterparts", ".", "Consideration", "of", "tumour", "cell", "growth", "pattern", ",", "-cytology", ",", "-immunophenotype", "and", "..." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
cell, B - cell lymphomas, classification, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, B cell, mantle cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, hairy cell leukaemia, plasmacytoma, WHO-, REAL - classification, prolymphocytic leukaemia, single, disease, All, lymphomas, B cells, stages, tumour, cell growth, -cytology	DerPathologe.00210147.eng.abstr_task2	Sentence: Similar to the R. E. A. L-System , the small cell B-cell lymphomas of the new WHO classification consist of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia of B cell type , mantle cell lymphoma , follicular lymphoma , lymphoplasmocytic lymphoma/immunocytoma , hairy cell leukaemia , as well as plasmacytoma . The only major difference between the WHO- and the REAL-classification is the consideration of prolymphocytic leukaemia as a single disease entity in the former system . All the above-mentioned lymphomas arise from B cells of varying stages of differentiation and , therefore , often demonstrate architectural , cytological and immunophenotypic characteristics of their normal physiological counterparts . Consideration of tumour cell growth pattern , -cytology , -immunophenotype and ... Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Similar to the R. E. A. L-System , the small cell B-cell lymphomas of the new WHO classification consist of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia of B cell type , mantle cell lymphoma , follicular lymphoma , lymphoplasmocytic lymphoma/immunocytoma , hairy cell leukaemia , as well as plasmacytoma . The only major difference between the WHO- and the REAL-classification is the consideration of prolymphocytic leukaemia as a single disease entity in the former system . All the above-mentioned lymphomas arise from B cells of varying stages of differentiation and , therefore , often demonstrate architectural , cytological and immunophenotypic characteristics of their normal physiological counterparts . Consideration of tumour cell growth pattern , -cytology , -immunophenotype and ...	[ "Similar", "to", "the", "R.", "E.", "A.", "L", "-", "System", ",", "the", "small", "cell", "B", "-", "cell", "lymphomas", "of", "the", "new", "WHO", "classification", "consist", "of", "chronic", "lymphocytic", "leukaemia", "of", "B", "cell", "type", ",", "mantle", "cell", "lymphoma", ",", "follicular", "lymphoma", ",", "lymphoplasmocytic", "lymphoma", "/", "immunocytoma", ",", "hairy", "cell", "leukaemia", ",", "as", "well", "as", "plasmacytoma", ".", "The", "only", "major", "difference", "between", "the", "WHO-", "and", "the", "REAL", "-", "classification", "is", "the", "consideration", "of", "prolymphocytic", "leukaemia", "as", "a", "single", "disease", "entity", "in", "the", "former", "system", ".", "All", "the", "above", "-", "mentioned", "lymphomas", "arise", "from", "B", "cells", "of", "varying", "stages", "of", "differentiation", "and", ",", "therefore", ",", "often", "demonstrate", "architectural", ",", "cytological", "and", "immunophenotypic", "characteristics", "of", "their", "normal", "physiological", "counterparts", ".", "Consideration", "of", "tumour", "cell", "growth", "pattern", ",", "-cytology", ",", "-immunophenotype", "and", "..." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Wissen is an umlsterm, Pathophysiologie is an umlsterm, Therapie is an umlsterm, Asthmas is an umlsterm, Mortalitaet is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Asthmaanfall is an umlsterm, Atemwegsobstruktion is an umlsterm, Entzuendung is an umlsterm, Bronchospasmus is an umlsterm, Schleimansammlungen is an umlsterm, Atemwegsobstruktion is an umlsterm, Atemarbeit is an umlsterm, Schwitzen is an umlsterm, Kohlendioxidpartialdrucks is an umlsterm, Theophyllin is an umlsterm, Sauerstoff is an umlsterm, Therapie is an umlsterm, Anticholinergika is an umlsterm, Rolle is an umlsterm, Therapie is an umlsterm, Asthmaanfalls is an umlsterm, Medikamenten is an umlsterm, Ketamin is an umlsterm, Magnesiumsulfat is an umlsterm, Antibiotika is an umlsterm, Bronchoskopie is an umlsterm, Lavage is an umlsterm, Routinemethode is an umlsterm, Behandlung is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, medikamentoese Therapie is an umlsterm, Intubation is an umlsterm, Methoden is an umlsterm, Behandlung is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm	IntensiveMedizin.90360145.ger.abstr_task0	Sentence: Trotz gewachsenem Wissen ueber Pathophysiologie und Therapie des Asthmas wurde die Mortalitaet bisher nicht reduziert . Bei Patienten im Asthmaanfall kommt es zur fortschreitenden Atemwegsobstruktion , die stunden- oder tagelang anhalten kann und Folge von Entzuendung der Atemwege , Bronchospasmus oder Schleimansammlungen im Lumen ist . Die Atemwegsobstruktion fuehrt zu Ventilations-Perfusions-Inhomogenitaeten , Hyperinflation und vermehrter Atemarbeit . Typisch fuer schwere Faelle ist die Unfaehigkeit zu sprechen , Schwitzen , Pulsus paradoxus , Einsatz der Atemhilfsmuskulatur , eine niedrige maximale exspiratorische Atemflussrate und ein Anstieg des Kohlendioxidpartialdrucks . Inhalative 2-Sympathomimetika , Theophyllin , systemisch Kortikosteroide und Sauerstoff sind die Therapie der Wahl . Anticholinergika spielen eine untergeordnete Rolle in der Therapie des Asthmaanfalls . Zu den Medikamenten mit umstrittener Wirksamkeit zaehlen Ketamin Magnesiumsulfat , Heliox und Antibiotika . , Die Bronchoskopie mit bronchoalveolaerer Lavage kann bisher nicht als Routinemethode in der Behandlung der Asthmatiker angesehen werden . Bei Patienten , die auf die medikamentoese Therapie nicht ansprechen , sollte fruehzeitig an die nicht-invasive Beatmung oder Intubation und maschinelle Beatmung gedacht werden . Die nicht-invasive Beatmung gehoert zu den vielversprechenden Methoden bei der Behandlung nicht intubierter Patienten . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O" ]	Trotz gewachsenem Wissen ueber Pathophysiologie und Therapie des Asthmas wurde die Mortalitaet bisher nicht reduziert . Bei Patienten im Asthmaanfall kommt es zur fortschreitenden Atemwegsobstruktion , die stunden- oder tagelang anhalten kann und Folge von Entzuendung der Atemwege , Bronchospasmus oder Schleimansammlungen im Lumen ist . Die Atemwegsobstruktion fuehrt zu Ventilations-Perfusions-Inhomogenitaeten , Hyperinflation und vermehrter Atemarbeit . Typisch fuer schwere Faelle ist die Unfaehigkeit zu sprechen , Schwitzen , Pulsus paradoxus , Einsatz der Atemhilfsmuskulatur , eine niedrige maximale exspiratorische Atemflussrate und ein Anstieg des Kohlendioxidpartialdrucks . Inhalative 2-Sympathomimetika , Theophyllin , systemisch Kortikosteroide und Sauerstoff sind die Therapie der Wahl . Anticholinergika spielen eine untergeordnete Rolle in der Therapie des Asthmaanfalls . Zu den Medikamenten mit umstrittener Wirksamkeit zaehlen Ketamin Magnesiumsulfat , Heliox und Antibiotika . , Die Bronchoskopie mit bronchoalveolaerer Lavage kann bisher nicht als Routinemethode in der Behandlung der Asthmatiker angesehen werden . Bei Patienten , die auf die medikamentoese Therapie nicht ansprechen , sollte fruehzeitig an die nicht-invasive Beatmung oder Intubation und maschinelle Beatmung gedacht werden . Die nicht-invasive Beatmung gehoert zu den vielversprechenden Methoden bei der Behandlung nicht intubierter Patienten .	[ "Trotz", "gewachsenem", "Wissen", "ueber", "Pathophysiologie", "und", "Therapie", "des", "Asthmas", "wurde", "die", "Mortalitaet", "bisher", "nicht", "reduziert", ".", "Bei", "Patienten", "im", "Asthmaanfall", "kommt", "es", "zur", "fortschreitenden", "Atemwegsobstruktion", ",", "die", "stunden-", "oder", "tagelang", "anhalten", "kann", "und", "Folge", "von", "Entzuendung", "der", "Atemwege", ",", "Bronchospasmus", "oder", "Schleimansammlungen", "im", "Lumen", "ist", ".", "Die", "Atemwegsobstruktion", "fuehrt", "zu", "Ventilations", "-", "Perfusions", "-", "Inhomogenitaeten", ",", "Hyperinflation", "und", "vermehrter", "Atemarbeit", ".", "Typisch", "fuer", "schwere", "Faelle", "ist", "die", "Unfaehigkeit", "zu", "sprechen", ",", "Schwitzen", ",", "Pulsus", "paradoxus", ",", "Einsatz", "der", "Atemhilfsmuskulatur", ",", "eine", "niedrige", "maximale", "exspiratorische", "Atemflussrate", "und", "ein", "Anstieg", "des", "Kohlendioxidpartialdrucks", ".", "Inhalative", "2-Sympathomimetika", ",", "Theophyllin", ",", "systemisch", "Kortikosteroide", "und", "Sauerstoff", "sind", "die", "Therapie", "der", "Wahl", ".", "Anticholinergika", "spielen", "eine", "untergeordnete", "Rolle", "in", "der", "Therapie", "des", "Asthmaanfalls", ".", "Zu", "den", "Medikamenten", "mit", "umstrittener", "Wirksamkeit", "zaehlen", "Ketamin", "Magnesiumsulfat", ",", "Heliox", "und", "Antibiotika", ".", ",", "Die", "Bronchoskopie", "mit", "bronchoalveolaerer", "Lavage", "kann", "bisher", "nicht", "als", "Routinemethode", "in", "der", "Behandlung", "der", "Asthmatiker", "angesehen", "werden", ".", "Bei", "Patienten", ",", "die", "auf", "die", "medikamentoese", "Therapie", "nicht", "ansprechen", ",", "sollte", "fruehzeitig", "an", "die", "nicht", "-", "invasive", "Beatmung", "oder", "Intubation", "und", "maschinelle", "Beatmung", "gedacht", "werden", ".", "Die", "nicht", "-", "invasive", "Beatmung", "gehoert", "zu", "den", "vielversprechenden", "Methoden", "bei", "der", "Behandlung", "nicht", "intubierter", "Patienten", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Wissen is an umlsterm, Pathophysiologie is an umlsterm, Therapie is an umlsterm, Asthmas is an umlsterm, Mortalitaet is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Asthmaanfall is an umlsterm, Atemwegsobstruktion is an umlsterm, Entzuendung is an umlsterm, Bronchospasmus is an umlsterm, Schleimansammlungen is an umlsterm, Atemwegsobstruktion is an umlsterm, Atemarbeit is an umlsterm, Schwitzen is an umlsterm, Kohlendioxidpartialdrucks is an umlsterm, Theophyllin is an umlsterm, Sauerstoff is an umlsterm, Therapie is an umlsterm, Anticholinergika is an umlsterm, Rolle is an umlsterm, Therapie is an umlsterm, Asthmaanfalls is an umlsterm, Medikamenten is an umlsterm, Ketamin is an umlsterm, Magnesiumsulfat is an umlsterm, Antibiotika is an umlsterm, Bronchoskopie is an umlsterm, Lavage is an umlsterm, Routinemethode is an umlsterm, Behandlung is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, medikamentoese Therapie is an umlsterm, Intubation is an umlsterm, Methoden is an umlsterm, Behandlung is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm	IntensiveMedizin.90360145.ger.abstr_task1	Sentence: Trotz gewachsenem Wissen ueber Pathophysiologie und Therapie des Asthmas wurde die Mortalitaet bisher nicht reduziert . Bei Patienten im Asthmaanfall kommt es zur fortschreitenden Atemwegsobstruktion , die stunden- oder tagelang anhalten kann und Folge von Entzuendung der Atemwege , Bronchospasmus oder Schleimansammlungen im Lumen ist . Die Atemwegsobstruktion fuehrt zu Ventilations-Perfusions-Inhomogenitaeten , Hyperinflation und vermehrter Atemarbeit . Typisch fuer schwere Faelle ist die Unfaehigkeit zu sprechen , Schwitzen , Pulsus paradoxus , Einsatz der Atemhilfsmuskulatur , eine niedrige maximale exspiratorische Atemflussrate und ein Anstieg des Kohlendioxidpartialdrucks . Inhalative 2-Sympathomimetika , Theophyllin , systemisch Kortikosteroide und Sauerstoff sind die Therapie der Wahl . Anticholinergika spielen eine untergeordnete Rolle in der Therapie des Asthmaanfalls . Zu den Medikamenten mit umstrittener Wirksamkeit zaehlen Ketamin Magnesiumsulfat , Heliox und Antibiotika . , Die Bronchoskopie mit bronchoalveolaerer Lavage kann bisher nicht als Routinemethode in der Behandlung der Asthmatiker angesehen werden . Bei Patienten , die auf die medikamentoese Therapie nicht ansprechen , sollte fruehzeitig an die nicht-invasive Beatmung oder Intubation und maschinelle Beatmung gedacht werden . Die nicht-invasive Beatmung gehoert zu den vielversprechenden Methoden bei der Behandlung nicht intubierter Patienten . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Wissen, Pathophysiologie, Therapie, Asthmas, Mortalitaet, Patienten, Asthmaanfall, Atemwegsobstruktion, Entzuendung, Bronchospasmus, Schleimansammlungen, Atemwegsobstruktion, Atemarbeit, Schwitzen, Kohlendioxidpartialdrucks, Theophyllin, Sauerstoff, Therapie, Anticholinergika, Rolle, Therapie, Asthmaanfalls, Medikamenten, Ketamin, Magnesiumsulfat, Antibiotika, Bronchoskopie, Lavage, Routinemethode, Behandlung, Patienten, medikamentoese Therapie, Intubation, Methoden, Behandlung, Patienten Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O" ]	Trotz gewachsenem Wissen ueber Pathophysiologie und Therapie des Asthmas wurde die Mortalitaet bisher nicht reduziert . Bei Patienten im Asthmaanfall kommt es zur fortschreitenden Atemwegsobstruktion , die stunden- oder tagelang anhalten kann und Folge von Entzuendung der Atemwege , Bronchospasmus oder Schleimansammlungen im Lumen ist . Die Atemwegsobstruktion fuehrt zu Ventilations-Perfusions-Inhomogenitaeten , Hyperinflation und vermehrter Atemarbeit . Typisch fuer schwere Faelle ist die Unfaehigkeit zu sprechen , Schwitzen , Pulsus paradoxus , Einsatz der Atemhilfsmuskulatur , eine niedrige maximale exspiratorische Atemflussrate und ein Anstieg des Kohlendioxidpartialdrucks . Inhalative 2-Sympathomimetika , Theophyllin , systemisch Kortikosteroide und Sauerstoff sind die Therapie der Wahl . Anticholinergika spielen eine untergeordnete Rolle in der Therapie des Asthmaanfalls . Zu den Medikamenten mit umstrittener Wirksamkeit zaehlen Ketamin Magnesiumsulfat , Heliox und Antibiotika . , Die Bronchoskopie mit bronchoalveolaerer Lavage kann bisher nicht als Routinemethode in der Behandlung der Asthmatiker angesehen werden . Bei Patienten , die auf die medikamentoese Therapie nicht ansprechen , sollte fruehzeitig an die nicht-invasive Beatmung oder Intubation und maschinelle Beatmung gedacht werden . Die nicht-invasive Beatmung gehoert zu den vielversprechenden Methoden bei der Behandlung nicht intubierter Patienten .	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Wissen, Pathophysiologie, Therapie, Asthmas, Mortalitaet, Patienten, Asthmaanfall, Atemwegsobstruktion, Entzuendung, Bronchospasmus, Schleimansammlungen, Atemwegsobstruktion, Atemarbeit, Schwitzen, Kohlendioxidpartialdrucks, Theophyllin, Sauerstoff, Therapie, Anticholinergika, Rolle, Therapie, Asthmaanfalls, Medikamenten, Ketamin, Magnesiumsulfat, Antibiotika, Bronchoskopie, Lavage, Routinemethode, Behandlung, Patienten, medikamentoese Therapie, Intubation, Methoden, Behandlung, Patienten	IntensiveMedizin.90360145.ger.abstr_task2	Sentence: Trotz gewachsenem Wissen ueber Pathophysiologie und Therapie des Asthmas wurde die Mortalitaet bisher nicht reduziert . Bei Patienten im Asthmaanfall kommt es zur fortschreitenden Atemwegsobstruktion , die stunden- oder tagelang anhalten kann und Folge von Entzuendung der Atemwege , Bronchospasmus oder Schleimansammlungen im Lumen ist . Die Atemwegsobstruktion fuehrt zu Ventilations-Perfusions-Inhomogenitaeten , Hyperinflation und vermehrter Atemarbeit . Typisch fuer schwere Faelle ist die Unfaehigkeit zu sprechen , Schwitzen , Pulsus paradoxus , Einsatz der Atemhilfsmuskulatur , eine niedrige maximale exspiratorische Atemflussrate und ein Anstieg des Kohlendioxidpartialdrucks . Inhalative 2-Sympathomimetika , Theophyllin , systemisch Kortikosteroide und Sauerstoff sind die Therapie der Wahl . Anticholinergika spielen eine untergeordnete Rolle in der Therapie des Asthmaanfalls . Zu den Medikamenten mit umstrittener Wirksamkeit zaehlen Ketamin Magnesiumsulfat , Heliox und Antibiotika . , Die Bronchoskopie mit bronchoalveolaerer Lavage kann bisher nicht als Routinemethode in der Behandlung der Asthmatiker angesehen werden . Bei Patienten , die auf die medikamentoese Therapie nicht ansprechen , sollte fruehzeitig an die nicht-invasive Beatmung oder Intubation und maschinelle Beatmung gedacht werden . Die nicht-invasive Beatmung gehoert zu den vielversprechenden Methoden bei der Behandlung nicht intubierter Patienten . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O" ]	Trotz gewachsenem Wissen ueber Pathophysiologie und Therapie des Asthmas wurde die Mortalitaet bisher nicht reduziert . Bei Patienten im Asthmaanfall kommt es zur fortschreitenden Atemwegsobstruktion , die stunden- oder tagelang anhalten kann und Folge von Entzuendung der Atemwege , Bronchospasmus oder Schleimansammlungen im Lumen ist . Die Atemwegsobstruktion fuehrt zu Ventilations-Perfusions-Inhomogenitaeten , Hyperinflation und vermehrter Atemarbeit . Typisch fuer schwere Faelle ist die Unfaehigkeit zu sprechen , Schwitzen , Pulsus paradoxus , Einsatz der Atemhilfsmuskulatur , eine niedrige maximale exspiratorische Atemflussrate und ein Anstieg des Kohlendioxidpartialdrucks . Inhalative 2-Sympathomimetika , Theophyllin , systemisch Kortikosteroide und Sauerstoff sind die Therapie der Wahl . Anticholinergika spielen eine untergeordnete Rolle in der Therapie des Asthmaanfalls . Zu den Medikamenten mit umstrittener Wirksamkeit zaehlen Ketamin Magnesiumsulfat , Heliox und Antibiotika . , Die Bronchoskopie mit bronchoalveolaerer Lavage kann bisher nicht als Routinemethode in der Behandlung der Asthmatiker angesehen werden . Bei Patienten , die auf die medikamentoese Therapie nicht ansprechen , sollte fruehzeitig an die nicht-invasive Beatmung oder Intubation und maschinelle Beatmung gedacht werden . Die nicht-invasive Beatmung gehoert zu den vielversprechenden Methoden bei der Behandlung nicht intubierter Patienten .	[ "Trotz", "gewachsenem", "Wissen", "ueber", "Pathophysiologie", "und", "Therapie", "des", "Asthmas", "wurde", "die", "Mortalitaet", "bisher", "nicht", "reduziert", ".", "Bei", "Patienten", "im", "Asthmaanfall", "kommt", "es", "zur", "fortschreitenden", "Atemwegsobstruktion", ",", "die", "stunden-", "oder", "tagelang", "anhalten", "kann", "und", "Folge", "von", "Entzuendung", "der", "Atemwege", ",", "Bronchospasmus", "oder", "Schleimansammlungen", "im", "Lumen", "ist", ".", "Die", "Atemwegsobstruktion", "fuehrt", "zu", "Ventilations", "-", "Perfusions", "-", "Inhomogenitaeten", ",", "Hyperinflation", "und", "vermehrter", "Atemarbeit", ".", "Typisch", "fuer", "schwere", "Faelle", "ist", "die", "Unfaehigkeit", "zu", "sprechen", ",", "Schwitzen", ",", "Pulsus", "paradoxus", ",", "Einsatz", "der", "Atemhilfsmuskulatur", ",", "eine", "niedrige", "maximale", "exspiratorische", "Atemflussrate", "und", "ein", "Anstieg", "des", "Kohlendioxidpartialdrucks", ".", "Inhalative", "2-Sympathomimetika", ",", "Theophyllin", ",", "systemisch", "Kortikosteroide", "und", "Sauerstoff", "sind", "die", "Therapie", "der", "Wahl", ".", "Anticholinergika", "spielen", "eine", "untergeordnete", "Rolle", "in", "der", "Therapie", "des", "Asthmaanfalls", ".", "Zu", "den", "Medikamenten", "mit", "umstrittener", "Wirksamkeit", "zaehlen", "Ketamin", "Magnesiumsulfat", ",", "Heliox", "und", "Antibiotika", ".", ",", "Die", "Bronchoskopie", "mit", "bronchoalveolaerer", "Lavage", "kann", "bisher", "nicht", "als", "Routinemethode", "in", "der", "Behandlung", "der", "Asthmatiker", "angesehen", "werden", ".", "Bei", "Patienten", ",", "die", "auf", "die", "medikamentoese", "Therapie", "nicht", "ansprechen", ",", "sollte", "fruehzeitig", "an", "die", "nicht", "-", "invasive", "Beatmung", "oder", "Intubation", "und", "maschinelle", "Beatmung", "gedacht", "werden", ".", "Die", "nicht", "-", "invasive", "Beatmung", "gehoert", "zu", "den", "vielversprechenden", "Methoden", "bei", "der", "Behandlung", "nicht", "intubierter", "Patienten", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Standard - Sprotte - Kanuele is an umlsterm, Kunststofframpe is an umlsterm, Zulassung is an umlsterm, Handel is an umlsterm, Konstruktionsmerkmalen is an umlsterm, Standard - Sprotte - Kanuele is an umlsterm	DerAnaesthesist.50440789.ger.abstr_task0	Sentence: Die Standard-Sprotte-Kanuele wurde mit einer Kunststofframpe zum gerichteten Einfuehren von Kathetern ausgeruestet und die Oeffnungsgeometrie fuer die epidurale Anwendung geringfuegig modifiziert , sie erhielt die Typenbezeichnung " Spezial-Sprotte-Kanuele " . Mit einem Aussendurchmesser von 1,1 mm ( 19,5 G ) und einem 23 G Katheter wurde sie als atraumatische Alternative zur Tuohy-Kanuele zur Serienreife entwickelt , und erhielt die FDA Zulassung . Fuer die kontinuierliche Spinalanaesthesie ist diese Kanuele ohne Modifikation der Oeffnungsgeometrie und mit kleineren Durchmessern seit 1989 im Handel . Die Spezial-Sprotte-Kanuele " " vereint in ihren Konstruktionsmerkmalen alle Eigenschaften , die eine Verminderung des Punktionsrisikos gegenueber dem herkoemmlichen Instrumentarium versprechen . Sie ist in Verbindung mit einer 27- oder 29 G Standard-Sprotte-Kanuele zur Durchfuehrung der kombinierten Spinal-Katheterperiduralanaesthesie geeignet . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Die Standard-Sprotte-Kanuele wurde mit einer Kunststofframpe zum gerichteten Einfuehren von Kathetern ausgeruestet und die Oeffnungsgeometrie fuer die epidurale Anwendung geringfuegig modifiziert , sie erhielt die Typenbezeichnung " Spezial-Sprotte-Kanuele " . Mit einem Aussendurchmesser von 1,1 mm ( 19,5 G ) und einem 23 G Katheter wurde sie als atraumatische Alternative zur Tuohy-Kanuele zur Serienreife entwickelt , und erhielt die FDA Zulassung . Fuer die kontinuierliche Spinalanaesthesie ist diese Kanuele ohne Modifikation der Oeffnungsgeometrie und mit kleineren Durchmessern seit 1989 im Handel . Die Spezial-Sprotte-Kanuele " " vereint in ihren Konstruktionsmerkmalen alle Eigenschaften , die eine Verminderung des Punktionsrisikos gegenueber dem herkoemmlichen Instrumentarium versprechen . Sie ist in Verbindung mit einer 27- oder 29 G Standard-Sprotte-Kanuele zur Durchfuehrung der kombinierten Spinal-Katheterperiduralanaesthesie geeignet .	[ "Die", "Standard", "-", "Sprotte", "-", "Kanuele", "wurde", "mit", "einer", "Kunststofframpe", "zum", "gerichteten", "Einfuehren", "von", "Kathetern", "ausgeruestet", "und", "die", "Oeffnungsgeometrie", "fuer", "die", "epidurale", "Anwendung", "geringfuegig", "modifiziert", ",", "sie", "erhielt", "die", "Typenbezeichnung", "\"", "Spezial", "-", "Sprotte", "-", "Kanuele", "\"", ".", "Mit", "einem", "Aussendurchmesser", "von", "1,1", "mm", "(", "19,5", "G", ")", "und", "einem", "23", "G", "Katheter", "wurde", "sie", "als", "atraumatische", "Alternative", "zur", "Tuohy", "-", "Kanuele", "zur", "Serienreife", "entwickelt", ",", "und", "erhielt", "die", "FDA", "Zulassung", ".", "Fuer", "die", "kontinuierliche", "Spinalanaesthesie", "ist", "diese", "Kanuele", "ohne", "Modifikation", "der", "Oeffnungsgeometrie", "und", "mit", "kleineren", "Durchmessern", "seit", "1989", "im", "Handel", ".", "Die", "Spezial", "-", "Sprotte", "-", "Kanuele", "\"", "\"", "vereint", "in", "ihren", "Konstruktionsmerkmalen", "alle", "Eigenschaften", ",", "die", "eine", "Verminderung", "des", "Punktionsrisikos", "gegenueber", "dem", "herkoemmlichen", "Instrumentarium", "versprechen", ".", "Sie", "ist", "in", "Verbindung", "mit", "einer", "27-", "oder", "29", "G", "Standard", "-", "Sprotte", "-", "Kanuele", "zur", "Durchfuehrung", "der", "kombinierten", "Spinal", "-", "Katheterperiduralanaesthesie", "geeignet", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Standard - Sprotte - Kanuele is an umlsterm, Kunststofframpe is an umlsterm, Zulassung is an umlsterm, Handel is an umlsterm, Konstruktionsmerkmalen is an umlsterm, Standard - Sprotte - Kanuele is an umlsterm	DerAnaesthesist.50440789.ger.abstr_task1	Sentence: Die Standard-Sprotte-Kanuele wurde mit einer Kunststofframpe zum gerichteten Einfuehren von Kathetern ausgeruestet und die Oeffnungsgeometrie fuer die epidurale Anwendung geringfuegig modifiziert , sie erhielt die Typenbezeichnung " Spezial-Sprotte-Kanuele " . Mit einem Aussendurchmesser von 1,1 mm ( 19,5 G ) und einem 23 G Katheter wurde sie als atraumatische Alternative zur Tuohy-Kanuele zur Serienreife entwickelt , und erhielt die FDA Zulassung . Fuer die kontinuierliche Spinalanaesthesie ist diese Kanuele ohne Modifikation der Oeffnungsgeometrie und mit kleineren Durchmessern seit 1989 im Handel . Die Spezial-Sprotte-Kanuele " " vereint in ihren Konstruktionsmerkmalen alle Eigenschaften , die eine Verminderung des Punktionsrisikos gegenueber dem herkoemmlichen Instrumentarium versprechen . Sie ist in Verbindung mit einer 27- oder 29 G Standard-Sprotte-Kanuele zur Durchfuehrung der kombinierten Spinal-Katheterperiduralanaesthesie geeignet . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Standard - Sprotte - Kanuele, Kunststofframpe, Zulassung, Handel, Konstruktionsmerkmalen, Standard - Sprotte - Kanuele Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Die Standard-Sprotte-Kanuele wurde mit einer Kunststofframpe zum gerichteten Einfuehren von Kathetern ausgeruestet und die Oeffnungsgeometrie fuer die epidurale Anwendung geringfuegig modifiziert , sie erhielt die Typenbezeichnung " Spezial-Sprotte-Kanuele " . Mit einem Aussendurchmesser von 1,1 mm ( 19,5 G ) und einem 23 G Katheter wurde sie als atraumatische Alternative zur Tuohy-Kanuele zur Serienreife entwickelt , und erhielt die FDA Zulassung . Fuer die kontinuierliche Spinalanaesthesie ist diese Kanuele ohne Modifikation der Oeffnungsgeometrie und mit kleineren Durchmessern seit 1989 im Handel . Die Spezial-Sprotte-Kanuele " " vereint in ihren Konstruktionsmerkmalen alle Eigenschaften , die eine Verminderung des Punktionsrisikos gegenueber dem herkoemmlichen Instrumentarium versprechen . Sie ist in Verbindung mit einer 27- oder 29 G Standard-Sprotte-Kanuele zur Durchfuehrung der kombinierten Spinal-Katheterperiduralanaesthesie geeignet .	[ "Die", "Standard", "-", "Sprotte", "-", "Kanuele", "wurde", "mit", "einer", "Kunststofframpe", "zum", "gerichteten", "Einfuehren", "von", "Kathetern", "ausgeruestet", "und", "die", "Oeffnungsgeometrie", "fuer", "die", "epidurale", "Anwendung", "geringfuegig", "modifiziert", ",", "sie", "erhielt", "die", "Typenbezeichnung", "\"", "Spezial", "-", "Sprotte", "-", "Kanuele", "\"", ".", "Mit", "einem", "Aussendurchmesser", "von", "1,1", "mm", "(", "19,5", "G", ")", "und", "einem", "23", "G", "Katheter", "wurde", "sie", "als", "atraumatische", "Alternative", "zur", "Tuohy", "-", "Kanuele", "zur", "Serienreife", "entwickelt", ",", "und", "erhielt", "die", "FDA", "Zulassung", ".", "Fuer", "die", "kontinuierliche", "Spinalanaesthesie", "ist", "diese", "Kanuele", "ohne", "Modifikation", "der", "Oeffnungsgeometrie", "und", "mit", "kleineren", "Durchmessern", "seit", "1989", "im", "Handel", ".", "Die", "Spezial", "-", "Sprotte", "-", "Kanuele", "\"", "\"", "vereint", "in", "ihren", "Konstruktionsmerkmalen", "alle", "Eigenschaften", ",", "die", "eine", "Verminderung", "des", "Punktionsrisikos", "gegenueber", "dem", "herkoemmlichen", "Instrumentarium", "versprechen", ".", "Sie", "ist", "in", "Verbindung", "mit", "einer", "27-", "oder", "29", "G", "Standard", "-", "Sprotte", "-", "Kanuele", "zur", "Durchfuehrung", "der", "kombinierten", "Spinal", "-", "Katheterperiduralanaesthesie", "geeignet", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Standard - Sprotte - Kanuele, Kunststofframpe, Zulassung, Handel, Konstruktionsmerkmalen, Standard - Sprotte - Kanuele	DerAnaesthesist.50440789.ger.abstr_task2	Sentence: Die Standard-Sprotte-Kanuele wurde mit einer Kunststofframpe zum gerichteten Einfuehren von Kathetern ausgeruestet und die Oeffnungsgeometrie fuer die epidurale Anwendung geringfuegig modifiziert , sie erhielt die Typenbezeichnung " Spezial-Sprotte-Kanuele " . Mit einem Aussendurchmesser von 1,1 mm ( 19,5 G ) und einem 23 G Katheter wurde sie als atraumatische Alternative zur Tuohy-Kanuele zur Serienreife entwickelt , und erhielt die FDA Zulassung . Fuer die kontinuierliche Spinalanaesthesie ist diese Kanuele ohne Modifikation der Oeffnungsgeometrie und mit kleineren Durchmessern seit 1989 im Handel . Die Spezial-Sprotte-Kanuele " " vereint in ihren Konstruktionsmerkmalen alle Eigenschaften , die eine Verminderung des Punktionsrisikos gegenueber dem herkoemmlichen Instrumentarium versprechen . Sie ist in Verbindung mit einer 27- oder 29 G Standard-Sprotte-Kanuele zur Durchfuehrung der kombinierten Spinal-Katheterperiduralanaesthesie geeignet . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Die Standard-Sprotte-Kanuele wurde mit einer Kunststofframpe zum gerichteten Einfuehren von Kathetern ausgeruestet und die Oeffnungsgeometrie fuer die epidurale Anwendung geringfuegig modifiziert , sie erhielt die Typenbezeichnung " Spezial-Sprotte-Kanuele " . Mit einem Aussendurchmesser von 1,1 mm ( 19,5 G ) und einem 23 G Katheter wurde sie als atraumatische Alternative zur Tuohy-Kanuele zur Serienreife entwickelt , und erhielt die FDA Zulassung . Fuer die kontinuierliche Spinalanaesthesie ist diese Kanuele ohne Modifikation der Oeffnungsgeometrie und mit kleineren Durchmessern seit 1989 im Handel . Die Spezial-Sprotte-Kanuele " " vereint in ihren Konstruktionsmerkmalen alle Eigenschaften , die eine Verminderung des Punktionsrisikos gegenueber dem herkoemmlichen Instrumentarium versprechen . Sie ist in Verbindung mit einer 27- oder 29 G Standard-Sprotte-Kanuele zur Durchfuehrung der kombinierten Spinal-Katheterperiduralanaesthesie geeignet .	[ "Die", "Standard", "-", "Sprotte", "-", "Kanuele", "wurde", "mit", "einer", "Kunststofframpe", "zum", "gerichteten", "Einfuehren", "von", "Kathetern", "ausgeruestet", "und", "die", "Oeffnungsgeometrie", "fuer", "die", "epidurale", "Anwendung", "geringfuegig", "modifiziert", ",", "sie", "erhielt", "die", "Typenbezeichnung", "\"", "Spezial", "-", "Sprotte", "-", "Kanuele", "\"", ".", "Mit", "einem", "Aussendurchmesser", "von", "1,1", "mm", "(", "19,5", "G", ")", "und", "einem", "23", "G", "Katheter", "wurde", "sie", "als", "atraumatische", "Alternative", "zur", "Tuohy", "-", "Kanuele", "zur", "Serienreife", "entwickelt", ",", "und", "erhielt", "die", "FDA", "Zulassung", ".", "Fuer", "die", "kontinuierliche", "Spinalanaesthesie", "ist", "diese", "Kanuele", "ohne", "Modifikation", "der", "Oeffnungsgeometrie", "und", "mit", "kleineren", "Durchmessern", "seit", "1989", "im", "Handel", ".", "Die", "Spezial", "-", "Sprotte", "-", "Kanuele", "\"", "\"", "vereint", "in", "ihren", "Konstruktionsmerkmalen", "alle", "Eigenschaften", ",", "die", "eine", "Verminderung", "des", "Punktionsrisikos", "gegenueber", "dem", "herkoemmlichen", "Instrumentarium", "versprechen", ".", "Sie", "ist", "in", "Verbindung", "mit", "einer", "27-", "oder", "29", "G", "Standard", "-", "Sprotte", "-", "Kanuele", "zur", "Durchfuehrung", "der", "kombinierten", "Spinal", "-", "Katheterperiduralanaesthesie", "geeignet", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
nitric oxide synthase is a protein, iNOS is a protein, cyclooxygenase 2 is a protein, COX-2 is a protein, copper is a compound	DS.d1480_task0	Sentence: Furthermore, increased production of high inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expressions were detected in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of copper and cholesterol co-treated mice by immunohistochemical analysis. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: compound, protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Furthermore, increased production of high inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expressions were detected in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of copper and cholesterol co-treated mice by immunohistochemical analysis.	[ "Furthermore", ",", "increased", "production", "of", "high", "inducible", "nitric", "oxide", "synthase", "(", "iNOS", ")", "and", "cyclooxygenase", "2", "(", "COX-2", ")", "expressions", "were", "detected", "in", "the", "hippocampus", "and", "cerebral", "cortex", "of", "copper", "and", "cholesterol", "co", "-", "treated", "mice", "by", "immunohistochemical", "analysis", "." ]	[ "protein", "compound" ]
nitric oxide synthase is a protein, iNOS is a protein, cyclooxygenase 2 is a protein, COX-2 is a protein, copper is a compound	DS.d1480_task1	Sentence: Furthermore, increased production of high inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expressions were detected in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of copper and cholesterol co-treated mice by immunohistochemical analysis. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: nitric oxide synthase, iNOS, cyclooxygenase 2, COX-2, copper Options: compound, protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Furthermore, increased production of high inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expressions were detected in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of copper and cholesterol co-treated mice by immunohistochemical analysis.	[ "Furthermore", ",", "increased", "production", "of", "high", "inducible", "nitric", "oxide", "synthase", "(", "iNOS", ")", "and", "cyclooxygenase", "2", "(", "COX-2", ")", "expressions", "were", "detected", "in", "the", "hippocampus", "and", "cerebral", "cortex", "of", "copper", "and", "cholesterol", "co", "-", "treated", "mice", "by", "immunohistochemical", "analysis", "." ]	[ "protein", "compound" ]
nitric oxide synthase, iNOS, cyclooxygenase 2, COX-2, copper	DS.d1480_task2	Sentence: Furthermore, increased production of high inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expressions were detected in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of copper and cholesterol co-treated mice by immunohistochemical analysis. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Furthermore, increased production of high inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expressions were detected in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of copper and cholesterol co-treated mice by immunohistochemical analysis.	[ "Furthermore", ",", "increased", "production", "of", "high", "inducible", "nitric", "oxide", "synthase", "(", "iNOS", ")", "and", "cyclooxygenase", "2", "(", "COX-2", ")", "expressions", "were", "detected", "in", "the", "hippocampus", "and", "cerebral", "cortex", "of", "copper", "and", "cholesterol", "co", "-", "treated", "mice", "by", "immunohistochemical", "analysis", "." ]	[ "protein", "compound" ]
granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor is a Protein, Granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, proximal promoter is a Entity, DNase I is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, Tax is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, interleukin 3 is a Protein, kappaB element is a Entity, GM - CSF is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein	8662666_task0	Sentence: DNA triplex formation selectively inhibits granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene expression in human T cells. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a hemopoietic growth factor that is expressed in activated T cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Although GM-CSF does not appear to be essential for normal hemopoiesis, overexpression of GM-CSF has been implicated in the pathogenesis of some diseases such as myeloid leukemia and chronic inflammation. An NF-kappaB/Rel binding site within the GM-CSF promoter, termed the kappaB element appears to be important for controlling expression in reporter gene assays in response to a number of stimuli in T cells. We investigated oligonucleotide-directed triple helix formation across this regulatory sequence as a potential tool to inhibit GM-CSF gene transcription. A 15-base oligonucleotide, GM3, was targeted to a purine-rich region in the GM-CSF proximal promoter, which overlaps the kappaB element. Gel mobility shift assays and DNase I footprinting demonstrated that GM3 formed a sequence-specific collinear triplex with its double-stranded DNA target. Triplex formation by GM3 blocked recombinant and nuclear NF-kappaB proteins binding to the GM-CSF element. GM3 also caused selective inhibition of the human T-cell lymphotrophic virus-1 Tax transactivator-induced luciferase activity from a reporter construct driven by the GM-CSF promoter in Jurkat T cells. Finally, GM3 greatly reduced the concentration of endogenous GM-CSF mRNA induced by different stimuli in Jurkat T cells but did not affect interleukin 3 mRNA levels in the same cells. We conclude that the kappaB element in the GM-CSF promoter plays a central role in the transcriptional activation of the endogenous GM-CSF gene. Colinear triplex formation acts as a selective transcriptional repressor of the GM-CSF gene and may have potential therapeutic application in cases of undesirable overexpression of this protein. 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Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a hemopoietic growth factor that is expressed in activated T cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Although GM-CSF does not appear to be essential for normal hemopoiesis, overexpression of GM-CSF has been implicated in the pathogenesis of some diseases such as myeloid leukemia and chronic inflammation. An NF-kappaB/Rel binding site within the GM-CSF promoter, termed the kappaB element appears to be important for controlling expression in reporter gene assays in response to a number of stimuli in T cells. We investigated oligonucleotide-directed triple helix formation across this regulatory sequence as a potential tool to inhibit GM-CSF gene transcription. A 15-base oligonucleotide, GM3, was targeted to a purine-rich region in the GM-CSF proximal promoter, which overlaps the kappaB element. Gel mobility shift assays and DNase I footprinting demonstrated that GM3 formed a sequence-specific collinear triplex with its double-stranded DNA target. Triplex formation by GM3 blocked recombinant and nuclear NF-kappaB proteins binding to the GM-CSF element. GM3 also caused selective inhibition of the human T-cell lymphotrophic virus-1 Tax transactivator-induced luciferase activity from a reporter construct driven by the GM-CSF promoter in Jurkat T cells. Finally, GM3 greatly reduced the concentration of endogenous GM-CSF mRNA induced by different stimuli in Jurkat T cells but did not affect interleukin 3 mRNA levels in the same cells. We conclude that the kappaB element in the GM-CSF promoter plays a central role in the transcriptional activation of the endogenous GM-CSF gene. Colinear triplex formation acts as a selective transcriptional repressor of the GM-CSF gene and may have potential therapeutic application in cases of undesirable overexpression of this protein.	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granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor is a Protein, Granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, proximal promoter is a Entity, DNase I is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, Tax is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, interleukin 3 is a Protein, kappaB element is a Entity, GM - CSF is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein	8662666_task1	Sentence: DNA triplex formation selectively inhibits granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene expression in human T cells. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a hemopoietic growth factor that is expressed in activated T cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Although GM-CSF does not appear to be essential for normal hemopoiesis, overexpression of GM-CSF has been implicated in the pathogenesis of some diseases such as myeloid leukemia and chronic inflammation. An NF-kappaB/Rel binding site within the GM-CSF promoter, termed the kappaB element appears to be important for controlling expression in reporter gene assays in response to a number of stimuli in T cells. We investigated oligonucleotide-directed triple helix formation across this regulatory sequence as a potential tool to inhibit GM-CSF gene transcription. A 15-base oligonucleotide, GM3, was targeted to a purine-rich region in the GM-CSF proximal promoter, which overlaps the kappaB element. Gel mobility shift assays and DNase I footprinting demonstrated that GM3 formed a sequence-specific collinear triplex with its double-stranded DNA target. Triplex formation by GM3 blocked recombinant and nuclear NF-kappaB proteins binding to the GM-CSF element. GM3 also caused selective inhibition of the human T-cell lymphotrophic virus-1 Tax transactivator-induced luciferase activity from a reporter construct driven by the GM-CSF promoter in Jurkat T cells. Finally, GM3 greatly reduced the concentration of endogenous GM-CSF mRNA induced by different stimuli in Jurkat T cells but did not affect interleukin 3 mRNA levels in the same cells. We conclude that the kappaB element in the GM-CSF promoter plays a central role in the transcriptional activation of the endogenous GM-CSF gene. Colinear triplex formation acts as a selective transcriptional repressor of the GM-CSF gene and may have potential therapeutic application in cases of undesirable overexpression of this protein. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor, Granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor, GM - CSF, GM - CSF, GM - CSF, GM - CSF, GM - CSF, GM - CSF, proximal promoter, DNase I, GM - CSF, Tax, GM - CSF, GM - CSF, interleukin 3, kappaB element, GM - CSF, GM - CSF, GM - CSF Options: Entity, Protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "B-Entity", "I-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Entity", "I-Entity", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	DNA triplex formation selectively inhibits granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene expression in human T cells. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a hemopoietic growth factor that is expressed in activated T cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Although GM-CSF does not appear to be essential for normal hemopoiesis, overexpression of GM-CSF has been implicated in the pathogenesis of some diseases such as myeloid leukemia and chronic inflammation. An NF-kappaB/Rel binding site within the GM-CSF promoter, termed the kappaB element appears to be important for controlling expression in reporter gene assays in response to a number of stimuli in T cells. We investigated oligonucleotide-directed triple helix formation across this regulatory sequence as a potential tool to inhibit GM-CSF gene transcription. A 15-base oligonucleotide, GM3, was targeted to a purine-rich region in the GM-CSF proximal promoter, which overlaps the kappaB element. Gel mobility shift assays and DNase I footprinting demonstrated that GM3 formed a sequence-specific collinear triplex with its double-stranded DNA target. Triplex formation by GM3 blocked recombinant and nuclear NF-kappaB proteins binding to the GM-CSF element. GM3 also caused selective inhibition of the human T-cell lymphotrophic virus-1 Tax transactivator-induced luciferase activity from a reporter construct driven by the GM-CSF promoter in Jurkat T cells. Finally, GM3 greatly reduced the concentration of endogenous GM-CSF mRNA induced by different stimuli in Jurkat T cells but did not affect interleukin 3 mRNA levels in the same cells. We conclude that the kappaB element in the GM-CSF promoter plays a central role in the transcriptional activation of the endogenous GM-CSF gene. Colinear triplex formation acts as a selective transcriptional repressor of the GM-CSF gene and may have potential therapeutic application in cases of undesirable overexpression of this protein.	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granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor, Granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor, GM - CSF, GM - CSF, GM - CSF, GM - CSF, GM - CSF, GM - CSF, proximal promoter, DNase I, GM - CSF, Tax, GM - CSF, GM - CSF, interleukin 3, kappaB element, GM - CSF, GM - CSF, GM - CSF	8662666_task2	Sentence: DNA triplex formation selectively inhibits granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene expression in human T cells. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a hemopoietic growth factor that is expressed in activated T cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Although GM-CSF does not appear to be essential for normal hemopoiesis, overexpression of GM-CSF has been implicated in the pathogenesis of some diseases such as myeloid leukemia and chronic inflammation. An NF-kappaB/Rel binding site within the GM-CSF promoter, termed the kappaB element appears to be important for controlling expression in reporter gene assays in response to a number of stimuli in T cells. We investigated oligonucleotide-directed triple helix formation across this regulatory sequence as a potential tool to inhibit GM-CSF gene transcription. A 15-base oligonucleotide, GM3, was targeted to a purine-rich region in the GM-CSF proximal promoter, which overlaps the kappaB element. Gel mobility shift assays and DNase I footprinting demonstrated that GM3 formed a sequence-specific collinear triplex with its double-stranded DNA target. Triplex formation by GM3 blocked recombinant and nuclear NF-kappaB proteins binding to the GM-CSF element. GM3 also caused selective inhibition of the human T-cell lymphotrophic virus-1 Tax transactivator-induced luciferase activity from a reporter construct driven by the GM-CSF promoter in Jurkat T cells. Finally, GM3 greatly reduced the concentration of endogenous GM-CSF mRNA induced by different stimuli in Jurkat T cells but did not affect interleukin 3 mRNA levels in the same cells. We conclude that the kappaB element in the GM-CSF promoter plays a central role in the transcriptional activation of the endogenous GM-CSF gene. Colinear triplex formation acts as a selective transcriptional repressor of the GM-CSF gene and may have potential therapeutic application in cases of undesirable overexpression of this protein. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "B-Entity", "I-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Entity", "I-Entity", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	DNA triplex formation selectively inhibits granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene expression in human T cells. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a hemopoietic growth factor that is expressed in activated T cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Although GM-CSF does not appear to be essential for normal hemopoiesis, overexpression of GM-CSF has been implicated in the pathogenesis of some diseases such as myeloid leukemia and chronic inflammation. An NF-kappaB/Rel binding site within the GM-CSF promoter, termed the kappaB element appears to be important for controlling expression in reporter gene assays in response to a number of stimuli in T cells. We investigated oligonucleotide-directed triple helix formation across this regulatory sequence as a potential tool to inhibit GM-CSF gene transcription. A 15-base oligonucleotide, GM3, was targeted to a purine-rich region in the GM-CSF proximal promoter, which overlaps the kappaB element. Gel mobility shift assays and DNase I footprinting demonstrated that GM3 formed a sequence-specific collinear triplex with its double-stranded DNA target. Triplex formation by GM3 blocked recombinant and nuclear NF-kappaB proteins binding to the GM-CSF element. GM3 also caused selective inhibition of the human T-cell lymphotrophic virus-1 Tax transactivator-induced luciferase activity from a reporter construct driven by the GM-CSF promoter in Jurkat T cells. Finally, GM3 greatly reduced the concentration of endogenous GM-CSF mRNA induced by different stimuli in Jurkat T cells but did not affect interleukin 3 mRNA levels in the same cells. We conclude that the kappaB element in the GM-CSF promoter plays a central role in the transcriptional activation of the endogenous GM-CSF gene. Colinear triplex formation acts as a selective transcriptional repressor of the GM-CSF gene and may have potential therapeutic application in cases of undesirable overexpression of this protein.	[ "DNA", "triplex", "formation", "selectively", "inhibits", "granulocyte", "-", "macrophage", "colony", "-", "stimulating", "factor", "gene", "expression", "in", "human", "T", "cells", ".", "\n", "Granulocyte", "-", "macrophage", "colony", "-", "stimulating", "factor", "(", "GM", "-", "CSF", ")", "is", "a", "hemopoietic", "growth", "factor", "that", "is", "expressed", "in", "activated", "T", "cells", ",", "fibroblasts", ",", "macrophages", ",", "and", "endothelial", "cells", ".", "Although", "GM", "-", "CSF", "does", "not", "appear", "to", "be", "essential", "for", "normal", "hemopoiesis", ",", "overexpression", "of", "GM", "-", "CSF", "has", "been", "implicated", "in", "the", "pathogenesis", "of", "some", "diseases", "such", "as", "myeloid", "leukemia", "and", "chronic", "inflammation", ".", "An", "NF", "-", "kappaB", "/", "Rel", "binding", "site", "within", "the", "GM", "-", "CSF", "promoter", ",", "termed", "the", "kappaB", "element", "appears", "to", "be", "important", "for", "controlling", "expression", "in", "reporter", "gene", "assays", "in", "response", "to", "a", "number", "of", "stimuli", "in", "T", "cells", ".", "We", "investigated", "oligonucleotide", "-", "directed", "triple", "helix", "formation", "across", "this", "regulatory", "sequence", "as", "a", "potential", "tool", "to", "inhibit", "GM", "-", "CSF", "gene", "transcription", ".", "A", "15-base", "oligonucleotide", ",", "GM3", ",", "was", "targeted", "to", "a", "purine", "-", "rich", "region", "in", "the", "GM", "-", "CSF", "proximal", "promoter", ",", "which", "overlaps", "the", "kappaB", "element", ".", "Gel", "mobility", "shift", "assays", "and", "DNase", "I", "footprinting", "demonstrated", "that", "GM3", "formed", "a", "sequence", "-", "specific", "collinear", "triplex", "with", "its", "double", "-", "stranded", "DNA", "target", ".", "Triplex", "formation", "by", "GM3", "blocked", "recombinant", "and", "nuclear", "NF", "-", "kappaB", "proteins", "binding", "to", "the", "GM", "-", "CSF", "element", ".", "GM3", "also", "caused", "selective", "inhibition", "of", "the", "human", "T", "-", "cell", "lymphotrophic", "virus-1", "Tax", "transactivator", "-", "induced", "luciferase", "activity", "from", "a", "reporter", "construct", "driven", "by", "the", "GM", "-", "CSF", "promoter", "in", "Jurkat", "T", "cells", ".", "Finally", ",", "GM3", "greatly", "reduced", "the", "concentration", "of", "endogenous", "GM", "-", "CSF", "mRNA", "induced", "by", "different", "stimuli", "in", "Jurkat", "T", "cells", "but", "did", "not", "affect", "interleukin", "3", "mRNA", "levels", "in", "the", "same", "cells", ".", "We", "conclude", "that", "the", "kappaB", "element", "in", "the", "GM", "-", "CSF", "promoter", "plays", "a", "central", "role", "in", "the", "transcriptional", "activation", "of", "the", "endogenous", "GM", "-", "CSF", "gene", ".", "Colinear", "triplex", "formation", "acts", "as", "a", "selective", "transcriptional", "repressor", "of", "the", "GM", "-", "CSF", "gene", "and", "may", "have", "potential", "therapeutic", "application", "in", "cases", "of", "undesirable", "overexpression", "of", "this", "protein", "." ]	[ "Protein", "Entity" ]
sirolimus is a Chemicals & Drugs	15307_task0	Sentence: Conversion to sirolimus in kidney-pancreas and pancreas transplantation. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Chemicals & Drugs	[ "O", "O", "B-Chemicals & Drugs", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Conversion to sirolimus in kidney-pancreas and pancreas transplantation.	[ "Conversion", "to", "sirolimus", "in", "kidney", "-", "pancreas", "and", "pancreas", "transplantation", "." ]	[ "Chemicals & Drugs", "", "Diseases & Disorders" ]
sirolimus is a Chemicals & Drugs	15307_task1	Sentence: Conversion to sirolimus in kidney-pancreas and pancreas transplantation. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: sirolimus Options: Chemicals & Drugs	[ "O", "O", "B-Chemicals & Drugs", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Conversion to sirolimus in kidney-pancreas and pancreas transplantation.	[ "Conversion", "to", "sirolimus", "in", "kidney", "-", "pancreas", "and", "pancreas", "transplantation", "." ]	[ "Chemicals & Drugs", "", "Diseases & Disorders" ]
sirolimus	15307_task2	Sentence: Conversion to sirolimus in kidney-pancreas and pancreas transplantation. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "B-Chemicals & Drugs", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Conversion to sirolimus in kidney-pancreas and pancreas transplantation.	[ "Conversion", "to", "sirolimus", "in", "kidney", "-", "pancreas", "and", "pancreas", "transplantation", "." ]	[ "Chemicals & Drugs", "", "Diseases & Disorders" ]
Gefaesssonographie is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Arteriographie is an umlsterm, farbkodierter is an umlsterm, Hoehe is an umlsterm, Systole - Diastole - Verhaeltnis is an umlsterm, Strompulskurven is an umlsterm, farbkodierten is an umlsterm, Fistel is an umlsterm, Angiographie is an umlsterm	DerNervenarzt.70680139.ger.abstr_task0	Sentence: Die kraniale Durafistel ist ein seltenes Krankheitsbild und wird nur in einem kleinen Teil der Faelle frueh diagnostiziert . Zur Frage moeglicher diagnostischer Fortschritte durch die Gefaesssonographie berichten wir ueber 7 Patienten mit lateralen Durafisteln und Zufluessen aus der A. carotis externa . Die Untersuchung erfolgte vor der selektiven Arteriographie mit cw-Dopplersonographie und farbkodierter Duplexsonographie . Sonographische Kriterien zum Nachweis einer Mehrdurchstroemung beruecksichtigen die Hoehe der Stroemungsgeschwindigkeit und das Systole-Diastole-Verhaeltnis der Strompulskurven ( Pulsatilitaet ) . In allen Faellen liess sich eine Mehrdurchstroemung der A. carotis externa und A. carotis communis nachweisen ; meist fanden sich pathologische Befunde auch an der A. occipitalis , seltener an der kontralateralen A. carotis externa oder der ipsilateralen A. vertebralis . Eine Fehlermoeglichkeit durch Verwechslung von Gefaessen ergab sich bei der cw-Dopplersonographie , nicht bei der farbkodierten Duplexsonographie . Danach sind kraniale Durafisteln , sofern das Shuntvolumen ausreichend hoch ist , mit indirekten dopplersonographischen Kriterien zu erkennen . Zur direkten Darstellung der Fistel und ihrer Zufluesse ist eine superselektive Angiographie erforderlich , in deren Rahmen dann auch die endovaskulaere Embolisation durchgefuehrt werden kann . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Die kraniale Durafistel ist ein seltenes Krankheitsbild und wird nur in einem kleinen Teil der Faelle frueh diagnostiziert . Zur Frage moeglicher diagnostischer Fortschritte durch die Gefaesssonographie berichten wir ueber 7 Patienten mit lateralen Durafisteln und Zufluessen aus der A. carotis externa . Die Untersuchung erfolgte vor der selektiven Arteriographie mit cw-Dopplersonographie und farbkodierter Duplexsonographie . Sonographische Kriterien zum Nachweis einer Mehrdurchstroemung beruecksichtigen die Hoehe der Stroemungsgeschwindigkeit und das Systole-Diastole-Verhaeltnis der Strompulskurven ( Pulsatilitaet ) . In allen Faellen liess sich eine Mehrdurchstroemung der A. carotis externa und A. carotis communis nachweisen ; meist fanden sich pathologische Befunde auch an der A. occipitalis , seltener an der kontralateralen A. carotis externa oder der ipsilateralen A. vertebralis . Eine Fehlermoeglichkeit durch Verwechslung von Gefaessen ergab sich bei der cw-Dopplersonographie , nicht bei der farbkodierten Duplexsonographie . Danach sind kraniale Durafisteln , sofern das Shuntvolumen ausreichend hoch ist , mit indirekten dopplersonographischen Kriterien zu erkennen . Zur direkten Darstellung der Fistel und ihrer Zufluesse ist eine superselektive Angiographie erforderlich , in deren Rahmen dann auch die endovaskulaere Embolisation durchgefuehrt werden kann .	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Gefaesssonographie is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Arteriographie is an umlsterm, farbkodierter is an umlsterm, Hoehe is an umlsterm, Systole - Diastole - Verhaeltnis is an umlsterm, Strompulskurven is an umlsterm, farbkodierten is an umlsterm, Fistel is an umlsterm, Angiographie is an umlsterm	DerNervenarzt.70680139.ger.abstr_task1	Sentence: Die kraniale Durafistel ist ein seltenes Krankheitsbild und wird nur in einem kleinen Teil der Faelle frueh diagnostiziert . Zur Frage moeglicher diagnostischer Fortschritte durch die Gefaesssonographie berichten wir ueber 7 Patienten mit lateralen Durafisteln und Zufluessen aus der A. carotis externa . Die Untersuchung erfolgte vor der selektiven Arteriographie mit cw-Dopplersonographie und farbkodierter Duplexsonographie . Sonographische Kriterien zum Nachweis einer Mehrdurchstroemung beruecksichtigen die Hoehe der Stroemungsgeschwindigkeit und das Systole-Diastole-Verhaeltnis der Strompulskurven ( Pulsatilitaet ) . In allen Faellen liess sich eine Mehrdurchstroemung der A. carotis externa und A. carotis communis nachweisen ; meist fanden sich pathologische Befunde auch an der A. occipitalis , seltener an der kontralateralen A. carotis externa oder der ipsilateralen A. vertebralis . Eine Fehlermoeglichkeit durch Verwechslung von Gefaessen ergab sich bei der cw-Dopplersonographie , nicht bei der farbkodierten Duplexsonographie . Danach sind kraniale Durafisteln , sofern das Shuntvolumen ausreichend hoch ist , mit indirekten dopplersonographischen Kriterien zu erkennen . Zur direkten Darstellung der Fistel und ihrer Zufluesse ist eine superselektive Angiographie erforderlich , in deren Rahmen dann auch die endovaskulaere Embolisation durchgefuehrt werden kann . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Gefaesssonographie, Patienten, Arteriographie, farbkodierter, Hoehe, Systole - Diastole - Verhaeltnis, Strompulskurven, farbkodierten, Fistel, Angiographie Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Die kraniale Durafistel ist ein seltenes Krankheitsbild und wird nur in einem kleinen Teil der Faelle frueh diagnostiziert . Zur Frage moeglicher diagnostischer Fortschritte durch die Gefaesssonographie berichten wir ueber 7 Patienten mit lateralen Durafisteln und Zufluessen aus der A. carotis externa . Die Untersuchung erfolgte vor der selektiven Arteriographie mit cw-Dopplersonographie und farbkodierter Duplexsonographie . Sonographische Kriterien zum Nachweis einer Mehrdurchstroemung beruecksichtigen die Hoehe der Stroemungsgeschwindigkeit und das Systole-Diastole-Verhaeltnis der Strompulskurven ( Pulsatilitaet ) . In allen Faellen liess sich eine Mehrdurchstroemung der A. carotis externa und A. carotis communis nachweisen ; meist fanden sich pathologische Befunde auch an der A. occipitalis , seltener an der kontralateralen A. carotis externa oder der ipsilateralen A. vertebralis . Eine Fehlermoeglichkeit durch Verwechslung von Gefaessen ergab sich bei der cw-Dopplersonographie , nicht bei der farbkodierten Duplexsonographie . Danach sind kraniale Durafisteln , sofern das Shuntvolumen ausreichend hoch ist , mit indirekten dopplersonographischen Kriterien zu erkennen . Zur direkten Darstellung der Fistel und ihrer Zufluesse ist eine superselektive Angiographie erforderlich , in deren Rahmen dann auch die endovaskulaere Embolisation durchgefuehrt werden kann .	[ "Die", "kraniale", "Durafistel", "ist", "ein", "seltenes", "Krankheitsbild", "und", "wird", "nur", "in", "einem", "kleinen", "Teil", "der", "Faelle", "frueh", "diagnostiziert", ".", "Zur", "Frage", "moeglicher", "diagnostischer", "Fortschritte", "durch", "die", "Gefaesssonographie", "berichten", "wir", "ueber", "7", "Patienten", "mit", "lateralen", "Durafisteln", "und", "Zufluessen", "aus", "der", "A.", "carotis", "externa", ".", "Die", "Untersuchung", "erfolgte", "vor", "der", "selektiven", "Arteriographie", "mit", "cw", "-", "Dopplersonographie", "und", "farbkodierter", "Duplexsonographie", ".", "Sonographische", "Kriterien", "zum", "Nachweis", "einer", "Mehrdurchstroemung", "beruecksichtigen", "die", "Hoehe", "der", "Stroemungsgeschwindigkeit", "und", "das", "Systole", "-", "Diastole", "-", "Verhaeltnis", "der", "Strompulskurven", "(", "Pulsatilitaet", ")", ".", "In", "allen", "Faellen", "liess", "sich", "eine", "Mehrdurchstroemung", "der", "A.", "carotis", "externa", "und", "A.", "carotis", "communis", "nachweisen", ";", "meist", "fanden", "sich", "pathologische", "Befunde", "auch", "an", "der", "A.", "occipitalis", ",", "seltener", "an", "der", "kontralateralen", "A.", "carotis", "externa", "oder", "der", "ipsilateralen", "A.", "vertebralis", ".", "Eine", "Fehlermoeglichkeit", "durch", "Verwechslung", "von", "Gefaessen", "ergab", "sich", "bei", "der", "cw", "-", "Dopplersonographie", ",", "nicht", "bei", "der", "farbkodierten", "Duplexsonographie", ".", "Danach", "sind", "kraniale", "Durafisteln", ",", "sofern", "das", "Shuntvolumen", "ausreichend", "hoch", "ist", ",", "mit", "indirekten", "dopplersonographischen", "Kriterien", "zu", "erkennen", ".", "Zur", "direkten", "Darstellung", "der", "Fistel", "und", "ihrer", "Zufluesse", "ist", "eine", "superselektive", "Angiographie", "erforderlich", ",", "in", "deren", "Rahmen", "dann", "auch", "die", "endovaskulaere", "Embolisation", "durchgefuehrt", "werden", "kann", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Gefaesssonographie, Patienten, Arteriographie, farbkodierter, Hoehe, Systole - Diastole - Verhaeltnis, Strompulskurven, farbkodierten, Fistel, Angiographie	DerNervenarzt.70680139.ger.abstr_task2	Sentence: Die kraniale Durafistel ist ein seltenes Krankheitsbild und wird nur in einem kleinen Teil der Faelle frueh diagnostiziert . Zur Frage moeglicher diagnostischer Fortschritte durch die Gefaesssonographie berichten wir ueber 7 Patienten mit lateralen Durafisteln und Zufluessen aus der A. carotis externa . Die Untersuchung erfolgte vor der selektiven Arteriographie mit cw-Dopplersonographie und farbkodierter Duplexsonographie . Sonographische Kriterien zum Nachweis einer Mehrdurchstroemung beruecksichtigen die Hoehe der Stroemungsgeschwindigkeit und das Systole-Diastole-Verhaeltnis der Strompulskurven ( Pulsatilitaet ) . In allen Faellen liess sich eine Mehrdurchstroemung der A. carotis externa und A. carotis communis nachweisen ; meist fanden sich pathologische Befunde auch an der A. occipitalis , seltener an der kontralateralen A. carotis externa oder der ipsilateralen A. vertebralis . Eine Fehlermoeglichkeit durch Verwechslung von Gefaessen ergab sich bei der cw-Dopplersonographie , nicht bei der farbkodierten Duplexsonographie . Danach sind kraniale Durafisteln , sofern das Shuntvolumen ausreichend hoch ist , mit indirekten dopplersonographischen Kriterien zu erkennen . Zur direkten Darstellung der Fistel und ihrer Zufluesse ist eine superselektive Angiographie erforderlich , in deren Rahmen dann auch die endovaskulaere Embolisation durchgefuehrt werden kann . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Die kraniale Durafistel ist ein seltenes Krankheitsbild und wird nur in einem kleinen Teil der Faelle frueh diagnostiziert . Zur Frage moeglicher diagnostischer Fortschritte durch die Gefaesssonographie berichten wir ueber 7 Patienten mit lateralen Durafisteln und Zufluessen aus der A. carotis externa . Die Untersuchung erfolgte vor der selektiven Arteriographie mit cw-Dopplersonographie und farbkodierter Duplexsonographie . Sonographische Kriterien zum Nachweis einer Mehrdurchstroemung beruecksichtigen die Hoehe der Stroemungsgeschwindigkeit und das Systole-Diastole-Verhaeltnis der Strompulskurven ( Pulsatilitaet ) . In allen Faellen liess sich eine Mehrdurchstroemung der A. carotis externa und A. carotis communis nachweisen ; meist fanden sich pathologische Befunde auch an der A. occipitalis , seltener an der kontralateralen A. carotis externa oder der ipsilateralen A. vertebralis . Eine Fehlermoeglichkeit durch Verwechslung von Gefaessen ergab sich bei der cw-Dopplersonographie , nicht bei der farbkodierten Duplexsonographie . Danach sind kraniale Durafisteln , sofern das Shuntvolumen ausreichend hoch ist , mit indirekten dopplersonographischen Kriterien zu erkennen . Zur direkten Darstellung der Fistel und ihrer Zufluesse ist eine superselektive Angiographie erforderlich , in deren Rahmen dann auch die endovaskulaere Embolisation durchgefuehrt werden kann .	[ "Die", "kraniale", "Durafistel", "ist", "ein", "seltenes", "Krankheitsbild", "und", "wird", "nur", "in", "einem", "kleinen", "Teil", "der", "Faelle", "frueh", "diagnostiziert", ".", "Zur", "Frage", "moeglicher", "diagnostischer", "Fortschritte", "durch", "die", "Gefaesssonographie", "berichten", "wir", "ueber", "7", "Patienten", "mit", "lateralen", "Durafisteln", "und", "Zufluessen", "aus", "der", "A.", "carotis", "externa", ".", "Die", "Untersuchung", "erfolgte", "vor", "der", "selektiven", "Arteriographie", "mit", "cw", "-", "Dopplersonographie", "und", "farbkodierter", "Duplexsonographie", ".", "Sonographische", "Kriterien", "zum", "Nachweis", "einer", "Mehrdurchstroemung", "beruecksichtigen", "die", "Hoehe", "der", "Stroemungsgeschwindigkeit", "und", "das", "Systole", "-", "Diastole", "-", "Verhaeltnis", "der", "Strompulskurven", "(", "Pulsatilitaet", ")", ".", "In", "allen", "Faellen", "liess", "sich", "eine", "Mehrdurchstroemung", "der", "A.", "carotis", "externa", "und", "A.", "carotis", "communis", "nachweisen", ";", "meist", "fanden", "sich", "pathologische", "Befunde", "auch", "an", "der", "A.", "occipitalis", ",", "seltener", "an", "der", "kontralateralen", "A.", "carotis", "externa", "oder", "der", "ipsilateralen", "A.", "vertebralis", ".", "Eine", "Fehlermoeglichkeit", "durch", "Verwechslung", "von", "Gefaessen", "ergab", "sich", "bei", "der", "cw", "-", "Dopplersonographie", ",", "nicht", "bei", "der", "farbkodierten", "Duplexsonographie", ".", "Danach", "sind", "kraniale", "Durafisteln", ",", "sofern", "das", "Shuntvolumen", "ausreichend", "hoch", "ist", ",", "mit", "indirekten", "dopplersonographischen", "Kriterien", "zu", "erkennen", ".", "Zur", "direkten", "Darstellung", "der", "Fistel", "und", "ihrer", "Zufluesse", "ist", "eine", "superselektive", "Angiographie", "erforderlich", ",", "in", "deren", "Rahmen", "dann", "auch", "die", "endovaskulaere", "Embolisation", "durchgefuehrt", "werden", "kann", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
T - cell trans - activator is a protein_family_or_group, phorbol ester - inducible element is a DNA_domain_or_region, interleukin-2 promoter is a DNA_domain_or_region	96991_task0	Sentence: A novel T-cell trans-activator that recognizes a phorbol ester-inducible element of the interleukin-2 promoter. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: protein_family_or_group, DNA_domain_or_region	[ "O", "O", "B-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "O", "O", "O", "B-DNA_domain_or_region", "I-DNA_domain_or_region", "I-DNA_domain_or_region", "I-DNA_domain_or_region", "I-DNA_domain_or_region", "O", "O", "B-DNA_domain_or_region", "I-DNA_domain_or_region", "O" ]	A novel T-cell trans-activator that recognizes a phorbol ester-inducible element of the interleukin-2 promoter.	[ "A", "novel", "T", "-", "cell", "trans", "-", "activator", "that", "recognizes", "a", "phorbol", "ester", "-", "inducible", "element", "of", "the", "interleukin-2", "promoter", "." ]	[ "(AND protein_family_or_group protein_family_or_group)", "protein_family_or_group", "DNA_domain_or_region", "other_name", "", "protein_molecule", "other_organic_compound", "cell_type" ]
T - cell trans - activator is a protein_family_or_group, phorbol ester - inducible element is a DNA_domain_or_region, interleukin-2 promoter is a DNA_domain_or_region	96991_task1	Sentence: A novel T-cell trans-activator that recognizes a phorbol ester-inducible element of the interleukin-2 promoter. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: T - cell trans - activator, phorbol ester - inducible element, interleukin-2 promoter Options: protein_family_or_group, DNA_domain_or_region	[ "O", "O", "B-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "O", "O", "O", "B-DNA_domain_or_region", "I-DNA_domain_or_region", "I-DNA_domain_or_region", "I-DNA_domain_or_region", "I-DNA_domain_or_region", "O", "O", "B-DNA_domain_or_region", "I-DNA_domain_or_region", "O" ]	A novel T-cell trans-activator that recognizes a phorbol ester-inducible element of the interleukin-2 promoter.	[ "A", "novel", "T", "-", "cell", "trans", "-", "activator", "that", "recognizes", "a", "phorbol", "ester", "-", "inducible", "element", "of", "the", "interleukin-2", "promoter", "." ]	[ "(AND protein_family_or_group protein_family_or_group)", "protein_family_or_group", "DNA_domain_or_region", "other_name", "", "protein_molecule", "other_organic_compound", "cell_type" ]
T - cell trans - activator, phorbol ester - inducible element, interleukin-2 promoter	96991_task2	Sentence: A novel T-cell trans-activator that recognizes a phorbol ester-inducible element of the interleukin-2 promoter. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "B-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "O", "O", "O", "B-DNA_domain_or_region", "I-DNA_domain_or_region", "I-DNA_domain_or_region", "I-DNA_domain_or_region", "I-DNA_domain_or_region", "O", "O", "B-DNA_domain_or_region", "I-DNA_domain_or_region", "O" ]	A novel T-cell trans-activator that recognizes a phorbol ester-inducible element of the interleukin-2 promoter.	[ "A", "novel", "T", "-", "cell", "trans", "-", "activator", "that", "recognizes", "a", "phorbol", "ester", "-", "inducible", "element", "of", "the", "interleukin-2", "promoter", "." ]	[ "(AND protein_family_or_group protein_family_or_group)", "protein_family_or_group", "DNA_domain_or_region", "other_name", "", "protein_molecule", "other_organic_compound", "cell_type" ]
Foxp3 is a Protein, Foxp3 is a Protein, forkhead ( FKH ) domain is a Entity, luciferase is a Protein, CAT is a Protein, CAT is a Protein, luciferase is a Protein, Tax is a Protein, Gal4 is a Protein, Tax is a Protein, Tax is a Protein	29_task0	Sentence: Plasmids. Expression vectors encoding human Foxp3 (pCMV-Foxp3-IRES-EGFP) and human Foxp3 lacking the forkhead (FKH) domain (pCMV-DeltaFKH-IRES-EGFP) were generous gifts from S. Ziegler (Benaroya Research Institute). pEGFP-C2 was provided by I. Lipinski (NIDDK/NIH). pcDNA3 was provided by K. T. Jeang (NIAID/NIH). pCMV4-Tax was a generous gift from W. Greene (University of California San Francisco). pGL4-luc2 and pGL4-TKhRluc2 were purchased from Promega (Madison, Wisconsin, United States). pUC18 was purchased from Stratagene (La Jolla, California, United States). HIV-1 wt LTR and HIV-1 Delta-kappaB LTR luciferase reporter vectors were constructed by cloning the XhoI/HindIII LTR fragments from pHIV-CAT and pDelta-kappaB-HIV-CAT (AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program, NIAID/NIH) into the multiple cloning site of pGL4-luc2. NF-kappaB, HTLV-I LTR, and CREB luciferase reporter and pCMV-p300-HA expression vectors were generously provided by B. Wigdahl (Drexel University College of Medicine). HTLV-I pACH infectious molecular clone has been described previously [30]. pFR-luc, pFA-CMV, pFA2-CREB-1, and pFA2-c-Jun were purchased from Stratagene. pFA-Tax (encoding a fusion protein consisting of the Gal4 DNA-binding domain fused in-frame to HTLV-I Tax) was constructed by PCR amplification of HTLV-I Tax using pCMV4-Tax as a template and BamHI/BglII-tagged primers. The amplified insert was digested and ligated into the BamHI/BglII sites of pFA-CMV. Plasmid contents were confirmed by DNA sequencing. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Entity, Protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Entity", "I-Entity", "I-Entity", "I-Entity", "I-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Plasmids. Expression vectors encoding human Foxp3 (pCMV-Foxp3-IRES-EGFP) and human Foxp3 lacking the forkhead (FKH) domain (pCMV-DeltaFKH-IRES-EGFP) were generous gifts from S. Ziegler (Benaroya Research Institute). pEGFP-C2 was provided by I. Lipinski (NIDDK/NIH). pcDNA3 was provided by K. T. Jeang (NIAID/NIH). pCMV4-Tax was a generous gift from W. Greene (University of California San Francisco). pGL4-luc2 and pGL4-TKhRluc2 were purchased from Promega (Madison, Wisconsin, United States). pUC18 was purchased from Stratagene (La Jolla, California, United States). HIV-1 wt LTR and HIV-1 Delta-kappaB LTR luciferase reporter vectors were constructed by cloning the XhoI/HindIII LTR fragments from pHIV-CAT and pDelta-kappaB-HIV-CAT (AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program, NIAID/NIH) into the multiple cloning site of pGL4-luc2. NF-kappaB, HTLV-I LTR, and CREB luciferase reporter and pCMV-p300-HA expression vectors were generously provided by B. Wigdahl (Drexel University College of Medicine). HTLV-I pACH infectious molecular clone has been described previously [30]. pFR-luc, pFA-CMV, pFA2-CREB-1, and pFA2-c-Jun were purchased from Stratagene. pFA-Tax (encoding a fusion protein consisting of the Gal4 DNA-binding domain fused in-frame to HTLV-I Tax) was constructed by PCR amplification of HTLV-I Tax using pCMV4-Tax as a template and BamHI/BglII-tagged primers. The amplified insert was digested and ligated into the BamHI/BglII sites of pFA-CMV. Plasmid contents were confirmed by DNA sequencing.	[ "Plasmids", ".", "\n", "Expression", "vectors", "encoding", "human", "Foxp3", "(", "pCMV", "-", "Foxp3-IRES", "-", "EGFP", ")", "and", "human", "Foxp3", "lacking", "the", "forkhead", "(", "FKH", ")", "domain", "(", "pCMV", "-", "DeltaFKH", "-", "IRES", "-", "EGFP", ")", "were", "generous", "gifts", "from", "S.", "Ziegler", "(", "Benaroya", "Research", "Institute", ")", ".", "pEGFP", "-", "C2", "was", "provided", "by", "I.", "Lipinski", "(", "NIDDK", "/", "NIH", ")", ".", "pcDNA3", "was", "provided", "by", "K.", "T.", "Jeang", "(", "NIAID", "/", "NIH", ")", ".", "pCMV4-Tax", "was", "a", "generous", "gift", "from", "W.", "Greene", "(", "University", "of", "California", "San", "Francisco", ")", ".", "pGL4-luc2", "and", "pGL4-TKhRluc2", "were", "purchased", "from", "Promega", "(", "Madison", ",", "Wisconsin", ",", "United", "States", ")", ".", "pUC18", "was", "purchased", "from", "Stratagene", "(", "La", "Jolla", ",", "California", ",", "United", "States", ")", ".", "HIV-1", "wt", "LTR", "and", "HIV-1", "Delta", "-", "kappaB", "LTR", "luciferase", "reporter", "vectors", "were", "constructed", "by", "cloning", "the", "XhoI", "/", "HindIII", "LTR", "fragments", "from", "pHIV", "-", "CAT", "and", "pDelta", "-", "kappaB", "-", "HIV", "-", "CAT", "(", "AIDS", "Research", "and", "Reference", "Reagent", "Program", ",", "NIAID", "/", "NIH", ")", "into", "the", "multiple", "cloning", "site", "of", "pGL4-luc2", ".", "NF", "-", "kappaB", ",", "HTLV", "-", "I", "LTR", ",", "and", "CREB", "luciferase", "reporter", "and", "pCMV", "-", "p300-HA", "expression", "vectors", "were", "generously", "provided", "by", "B.", "Wigdahl", "(", "Drexel", "University", "College", "of", "Medicine", ")", ".", "HTLV", "-", "I", "pACH", "infectious", "molecular", "clone", "has", "been", "described", "previously", "[", "30", "]", ".", "pFR", "-", "luc", ",", "pFA", "-", "CMV", ",", "pFA2-CREB-1", ",", "and", "pFA2-c", "-", "Jun", "were", "purchased", "from", "Stratagene", ".", "pFA", "-", "Tax", "(", "encoding", "a", "fusion", "protein", "consisting", "of", "the", "Gal4", "DNA", "-", "binding", "domain", "fused", "in", "-", "frame", "to", "HTLV", "-", "I", "Tax", ")", "was", "constructed", "by", "PCR", "amplification", "of", "HTLV", "-", "I", "Tax", "using", "pCMV4-Tax", "as", "a", "template", "and", "BamHI", "/", "BglII", "-", "tagged", "primers", ".", "The", "amplified", "insert", "was", "digested", "and", "ligated", "into", "the", "BamHI", "/", "BglII", "sites", "of", "pFA", "-", "CMV", ".", "Plasmid", "contents", "were", "confirmed", "by", "DNA", "sequencing", ".", "\n" ]	[ "Entity", "Protein" ]
Foxp3 is a Protein, Foxp3 is a Protein, forkhead ( FKH ) domain is a Entity, luciferase is a Protein, CAT is a Protein, CAT is a Protein, luciferase is a Protein, Tax is a Protein, Gal4 is a Protein, Tax is a Protein, Tax is a Protein	29_task1	Sentence: Plasmids. Expression vectors encoding human Foxp3 (pCMV-Foxp3-IRES-EGFP) and human Foxp3 lacking the forkhead (FKH) domain (pCMV-DeltaFKH-IRES-EGFP) were generous gifts from S. Ziegler (Benaroya Research Institute). pEGFP-C2 was provided by I. Lipinski (NIDDK/NIH). pcDNA3 was provided by K. T. Jeang (NIAID/NIH). pCMV4-Tax was a generous gift from W. Greene (University of California San Francisco). pGL4-luc2 and pGL4-TKhRluc2 were purchased from Promega (Madison, Wisconsin, United States). pUC18 was purchased from Stratagene (La Jolla, California, United States). HIV-1 wt LTR and HIV-1 Delta-kappaB LTR luciferase reporter vectors were constructed by cloning the XhoI/HindIII LTR fragments from pHIV-CAT and pDelta-kappaB-HIV-CAT (AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program, NIAID/NIH) into the multiple cloning site of pGL4-luc2. NF-kappaB, HTLV-I LTR, and CREB luciferase reporter and pCMV-p300-HA expression vectors were generously provided by B. Wigdahl (Drexel University College of Medicine). HTLV-I pACH infectious molecular clone has been described previously [30]. pFR-luc, pFA-CMV, pFA2-CREB-1, and pFA2-c-Jun were purchased from Stratagene. pFA-Tax (encoding a fusion protein consisting of the Gal4 DNA-binding domain fused in-frame to HTLV-I Tax) was constructed by PCR amplification of HTLV-I Tax using pCMV4-Tax as a template and BamHI/BglII-tagged primers. The amplified insert was digested and ligated into the BamHI/BglII sites of pFA-CMV. Plasmid contents were confirmed by DNA sequencing. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Foxp3, Foxp3, forkhead ( FKH ) domain, luciferase, CAT, CAT, luciferase, Tax, Gal4, Tax, Tax Options: Entity, Protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Entity", "I-Entity", "I-Entity", "I-Entity", "I-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Plasmids. Expression vectors encoding human Foxp3 (pCMV-Foxp3-IRES-EGFP) and human Foxp3 lacking the forkhead (FKH) domain (pCMV-DeltaFKH-IRES-EGFP) were generous gifts from S. Ziegler (Benaroya Research Institute). pEGFP-C2 was provided by I. Lipinski (NIDDK/NIH). pcDNA3 was provided by K. T. Jeang (NIAID/NIH). pCMV4-Tax was a generous gift from W. Greene (University of California San Francisco). pGL4-luc2 and pGL4-TKhRluc2 were purchased from Promega (Madison, Wisconsin, United States). pUC18 was purchased from Stratagene (La Jolla, California, United States). HIV-1 wt LTR and HIV-1 Delta-kappaB LTR luciferase reporter vectors were constructed by cloning the XhoI/HindIII LTR fragments from pHIV-CAT and pDelta-kappaB-HIV-CAT (AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program, NIAID/NIH) into the multiple cloning site of pGL4-luc2. NF-kappaB, HTLV-I LTR, and CREB luciferase reporter and pCMV-p300-HA expression vectors were generously provided by B. Wigdahl (Drexel University College of Medicine). HTLV-I pACH infectious molecular clone has been described previously [30]. pFR-luc, pFA-CMV, pFA2-CREB-1, and pFA2-c-Jun were purchased from Stratagene. pFA-Tax (encoding a fusion protein consisting of the Gal4 DNA-binding domain fused in-frame to HTLV-I Tax) was constructed by PCR amplification of HTLV-I Tax using pCMV4-Tax as a template and BamHI/BglII-tagged primers. The amplified insert was digested and ligated into the BamHI/BglII sites of pFA-CMV. Plasmid contents were confirmed by DNA sequencing.	[ "Plasmids", ".", "\n", "Expression", "vectors", "encoding", "human", "Foxp3", "(", "pCMV", "-", "Foxp3-IRES", "-", "EGFP", ")", "and", "human", "Foxp3", "lacking", "the", "forkhead", "(", "FKH", ")", "domain", "(", "pCMV", "-", "DeltaFKH", "-", "IRES", "-", "EGFP", ")", "were", "generous", "gifts", "from", "S.", "Ziegler", "(", "Benaroya", "Research", "Institute", ")", ".", "pEGFP", "-", "C2", "was", "provided", "by", "I.", "Lipinski", "(", "NIDDK", "/", "NIH", ")", ".", "pcDNA3", "was", "provided", "by", "K.", "T.", "Jeang", "(", "NIAID", "/", "NIH", ")", ".", "pCMV4-Tax", "was", "a", "generous", "gift", "from", "W.", "Greene", "(", "University", "of", "California", "San", "Francisco", ")", ".", "pGL4-luc2", "and", "pGL4-TKhRluc2", "were", "purchased", "from", "Promega", "(", "Madison", ",", "Wisconsin", ",", "United", "States", ")", ".", "pUC18", "was", "purchased", "from", "Stratagene", "(", "La", "Jolla", ",", "California", ",", "United", "States", ")", ".", "HIV-1", "wt", "LTR", "and", "HIV-1", "Delta", "-", "kappaB", "LTR", "luciferase", "reporter", "vectors", "were", "constructed", "by", "cloning", "the", "XhoI", "/", "HindIII", "LTR", "fragments", "from", "pHIV", "-", "CAT", "and", "pDelta", "-", "kappaB", "-", "HIV", "-", "CAT", "(", "AIDS", "Research", "and", "Reference", "Reagent", "Program", ",", "NIAID", "/", "NIH", ")", "into", "the", "multiple", "cloning", "site", "of", "pGL4-luc2", ".", "NF", "-", "kappaB", ",", "HTLV", "-", "I", "LTR", ",", "and", "CREB", "luciferase", "reporter", "and", "pCMV", "-", "p300-HA", "expression", "vectors", "were", "generously", "provided", "by", "B.", "Wigdahl", "(", "Drexel", "University", "College", "of", "Medicine", ")", ".", "HTLV", "-", "I", "pACH", "infectious", "molecular", "clone", "has", "been", "described", "previously", "[", "30", "]", ".", "pFR", "-", "luc", ",", "pFA", "-", "CMV", ",", "pFA2-CREB-1", ",", "and", "pFA2-c", "-", "Jun", "were", "purchased", "from", "Stratagene", ".", "pFA", "-", "Tax", "(", "encoding", "a", "fusion", "protein", "consisting", "of", "the", "Gal4", "DNA", "-", "binding", "domain", "fused", "in", "-", "frame", "to", "HTLV", "-", "I", "Tax", ")", "was", "constructed", "by", "PCR", "amplification", "of", "HTLV", "-", "I", "Tax", "using", "pCMV4-Tax", "as", "a", "template", "and", "BamHI", "/", "BglII", "-", "tagged", "primers", ".", "The", "amplified", "insert", "was", "digested", "and", "ligated", "into", "the", "BamHI", "/", "BglII", "sites", "of", "pFA", "-", "CMV", ".", "Plasmid", "contents", "were", "confirmed", "by", "DNA", "sequencing", ".", "\n" ]	[ "Entity", "Protein" ]
Foxp3, Foxp3, forkhead ( FKH ) domain, luciferase, CAT, CAT, luciferase, Tax, Gal4, Tax, Tax	29_task2	Sentence: Plasmids. Expression vectors encoding human Foxp3 (pCMV-Foxp3-IRES-EGFP) and human Foxp3 lacking the forkhead (FKH) domain (pCMV-DeltaFKH-IRES-EGFP) were generous gifts from S. Ziegler (Benaroya Research Institute). pEGFP-C2 was provided by I. Lipinski (NIDDK/NIH). pcDNA3 was provided by K. T. Jeang (NIAID/NIH). pCMV4-Tax was a generous gift from W. Greene (University of California San Francisco). pGL4-luc2 and pGL4-TKhRluc2 were purchased from Promega (Madison, Wisconsin, United States). pUC18 was purchased from Stratagene (La Jolla, California, United States). HIV-1 wt LTR and HIV-1 Delta-kappaB LTR luciferase reporter vectors were constructed by cloning the XhoI/HindIII LTR fragments from pHIV-CAT and pDelta-kappaB-HIV-CAT (AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program, NIAID/NIH) into the multiple cloning site of pGL4-luc2. NF-kappaB, HTLV-I LTR, and CREB luciferase reporter and pCMV-p300-HA expression vectors were generously provided by B. Wigdahl (Drexel University College of Medicine). HTLV-I pACH infectious molecular clone has been described previously [30]. pFR-luc, pFA-CMV, pFA2-CREB-1, and pFA2-c-Jun were purchased from Stratagene. pFA-Tax (encoding a fusion protein consisting of the Gal4 DNA-binding domain fused in-frame to HTLV-I Tax) was constructed by PCR amplification of HTLV-I Tax using pCMV4-Tax as a template and BamHI/BglII-tagged primers. The amplified insert was digested and ligated into the BamHI/BglII sites of pFA-CMV. Plasmid contents were confirmed by DNA sequencing. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Entity", "I-Entity", "I-Entity", "I-Entity", "I-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Plasmids. Expression vectors encoding human Foxp3 (pCMV-Foxp3-IRES-EGFP) and human Foxp3 lacking the forkhead (FKH) domain (pCMV-DeltaFKH-IRES-EGFP) were generous gifts from S. Ziegler (Benaroya Research Institute). pEGFP-C2 was provided by I. Lipinski (NIDDK/NIH). pcDNA3 was provided by K. T. Jeang (NIAID/NIH). pCMV4-Tax was a generous gift from W. Greene (University of California San Francisco). pGL4-luc2 and pGL4-TKhRluc2 were purchased from Promega (Madison, Wisconsin, United States). pUC18 was purchased from Stratagene (La Jolla, California, United States). HIV-1 wt LTR and HIV-1 Delta-kappaB LTR luciferase reporter vectors were constructed by cloning the XhoI/HindIII LTR fragments from pHIV-CAT and pDelta-kappaB-HIV-CAT (AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program, NIAID/NIH) into the multiple cloning site of pGL4-luc2. NF-kappaB, HTLV-I LTR, and CREB luciferase reporter and pCMV-p300-HA expression vectors were generously provided by B. Wigdahl (Drexel University College of Medicine). HTLV-I pACH infectious molecular clone has been described previously [30]. pFR-luc, pFA-CMV, pFA2-CREB-1, and pFA2-c-Jun were purchased from Stratagene. pFA-Tax (encoding a fusion protein consisting of the Gal4 DNA-binding domain fused in-frame to HTLV-I Tax) was constructed by PCR amplification of HTLV-I Tax using pCMV4-Tax as a template and BamHI/BglII-tagged primers. The amplified insert was digested and ligated into the BamHI/BglII sites of pFA-CMV. Plasmid contents were confirmed by DNA sequencing.	[ "Plasmids", ".", "\n", "Expression", "vectors", "encoding", "human", "Foxp3", "(", "pCMV", "-", "Foxp3-IRES", "-", "EGFP", ")", "and", "human", "Foxp3", "lacking", "the", "forkhead", "(", "FKH", ")", "domain", "(", "pCMV", "-", "DeltaFKH", "-", "IRES", "-", "EGFP", ")", "were", "generous", "gifts", "from", "S.", "Ziegler", "(", "Benaroya", "Research", "Institute", ")", ".", "pEGFP", "-", "C2", "was", "provided", "by", "I.", "Lipinski", "(", "NIDDK", "/", "NIH", ")", ".", "pcDNA3", "was", "provided", "by", "K.", "T.", "Jeang", "(", "NIAID", "/", "NIH", ")", ".", "pCMV4-Tax", "was", "a", "generous", "gift", "from", "W.", "Greene", "(", "University", "of", "California", "San", "Francisco", ")", ".", "pGL4-luc2", "and", "pGL4-TKhRluc2", "were", "purchased", "from", "Promega", "(", "Madison", ",", "Wisconsin", ",", "United", "States", ")", ".", "pUC18", "was", "purchased", "from", "Stratagene", "(", "La", "Jolla", ",", "California", ",", "United", "States", ")", ".", "HIV-1", "wt", "LTR", "and", "HIV-1", "Delta", "-", "kappaB", "LTR", "luciferase", "reporter", "vectors", "were", "constructed", "by", "cloning", "the", "XhoI", "/", "HindIII", "LTR", "fragments", "from", "pHIV", "-", "CAT", "and", "pDelta", "-", "kappaB", "-", "HIV", "-", "CAT", "(", "AIDS", "Research", "and", "Reference", "Reagent", "Program", ",", "NIAID", "/", "NIH", ")", "into", "the", "multiple", "cloning", "site", "of", "pGL4-luc2", ".", "NF", "-", "kappaB", ",", "HTLV", "-", "I", "LTR", ",", "and", "CREB", "luciferase", "reporter", "and", "pCMV", "-", "p300-HA", "expression", "vectors", "were", "generously", "provided", "by", "B.", "Wigdahl", "(", "Drexel", "University", "College", "of", "Medicine", ")", ".", "HTLV", "-", "I", "pACH", "infectious", "molecular", "clone", "has", "been", "described", "previously", "[", "30", "]", ".", "pFR", "-", "luc", ",", "pFA", "-", "CMV", ",", "pFA2-CREB-1", ",", "and", "pFA2-c", "-", "Jun", "were", "purchased", "from", "Stratagene", ".", "pFA", "-", "Tax", "(", "encoding", "a", "fusion", "protein", "consisting", "of", "the", "Gal4", "DNA", "-", "binding", "domain", "fused", "in", "-", "frame", "to", "HTLV", "-", "I", "Tax", ")", "was", "constructed", "by", "PCR", "amplification", "of", "HTLV", "-", "I", "Tax", "using", "pCMV4-Tax", "as", "a", "template", "and", "BamHI", "/", "BglII", "-", "tagged", "primers", ".", "The", "amplified", "insert", "was", "digested", "and", "ligated", "into", "the", "BamHI", "/", "BglII", "sites", "of", "pFA", "-", "CMV", ".", "Plasmid", "contents", "were", "confirmed", "by", "DNA", "sequencing", ".", "\n" ]	[ "Entity", "Protein" ]
human monocytes is a cell_type, lysophosphatidylcholine is a lipid	50578_task0	Sentence: Tissue factor expression of human monocytes is suppressed by lysophosphatidylcholine. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: cell_type, lipid	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-cell_type", "I-cell_type", "O", "O", "O", "B-lipid", "O" ]	Tissue factor expression of human monocytes is suppressed by lysophosphatidylcholine.	[ "Tissue", "factor", "expression", "of", "human", "monocytes", "is", "suppressed", "by", "lysophosphatidylcholine", "." ]	[ "protein_molecule", "other_organic_compound", "other_name", "protein_complex", "lipid", "DNA_domain_or_region", "cell_line", "cell_type", "protein_family_or_group", "RNA_molecule", "nucleotide" ]
human monocytes is a cell_type, lysophosphatidylcholine is a lipid	50578_task1	Sentence: Tissue factor expression of human monocytes is suppressed by lysophosphatidylcholine. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: human monocytes, lysophosphatidylcholine Options: cell_type, lipid	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-cell_type", "I-cell_type", "O", "O", "O", "B-lipid", "O" ]	Tissue factor expression of human monocytes is suppressed by lysophosphatidylcholine.	[ "Tissue", "factor", "expression", "of", "human", "monocytes", "is", "suppressed", "by", "lysophosphatidylcholine", "." ]	[ "protein_molecule", "other_organic_compound", "other_name", "protein_complex", "lipid", "DNA_domain_or_region", "cell_line", "cell_type", "protein_family_or_group", "RNA_molecule", "nucleotide" ]
human monocytes, lysophosphatidylcholine	50578_task2	Sentence: Tissue factor expression of human monocytes is suppressed by lysophosphatidylcholine. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-cell_type", "I-cell_type", "O", "O", "O", "B-lipid", "O" ]	Tissue factor expression of human monocytes is suppressed by lysophosphatidylcholine.	[ "Tissue", "factor", "expression", "of", "human", "monocytes", "is", "suppressed", "by", "lysophosphatidylcholine", "." ]	[ "protein_molecule", "other_organic_compound", "other_name", "protein_complex", "lipid", "DNA_domain_or_region", "cell_line", "cell_type", "protein_family_or_group", "RNA_molecule", "nucleotide" ]
DDD is an umlsterm, Zeit is an umlsterm	Herzschrittmachertherapie.9010s058.ger.abstr_task0	Sentence: Medtronic Thera/Thera-i ( und Kappa 400 ) Schrittmacher verwenden einen Mode-Switch-Algorithmus , der bei Auftreten von Vorhoftachyarrhythmien vom DDD ( R ) -Modus in den DDIR-Modus umschaltet . Um dies zu erreichen , berechnet der Schrittmacher fortlaufend eine mittlere atriale Frequenz ( MAR ) , die einen Bewertungsindex der Vorhoffrequenz darstellt . Sobald die MAR oberhalb der programmierten Mode-Switch-Frequenz liegt , stellt der Schrittmacher auf nichttriggernden Betrieb um . Weil der Algorithmus schnelle atriale Frequenzen staerker bewertet als langsame , ist er fuer eine Reihe atrialer Tachyarrhythmien empfindlich , einschliesslich derjenigen mit wechselnder Signalamplitude . Zusaetzlich verfuegt der Algorithmus ueber eine lange PVARP und ein frequenzadaptives AV-Intervall . Hierdurch wird nicht nur die Detektion atrialer Frequenzen in einem Bereich ermoeglicht , sondern auch die Zeit , die der Schrittmacher vor Mode-Switch an der oberen Grenzfrequenz triggert , begrenzt . Um die Effektivitaet des Algorithmus zu ueberpruefen , bietet der Thera-i detaillierte diagnostische Speicherfunktionen an , die Informationen ueber Datum , Uhrzeit , Dauer und maximale Frequenz der Mode-Switch-Episode enthalten . Zusaetzlich koennen detaillierte Informationen mit atrialen Schlag-zu-Schlag-Frequenzen fuer jede gespeicherte Episode abgerufen werden , so dass die Korrektheit des Mode-Switches beurteilt und ggf. eine Optimierung der Programmierung durchgefuehrt werden koennen . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Medtronic Thera/Thera-i ( und Kappa 400 ) Schrittmacher verwenden einen Mode-Switch-Algorithmus , der bei Auftreten von Vorhoftachyarrhythmien vom DDD ( R ) -Modus in den DDIR-Modus umschaltet . Um dies zu erreichen , berechnet der Schrittmacher fortlaufend eine mittlere atriale Frequenz ( MAR ) , die einen Bewertungsindex der Vorhoffrequenz darstellt . Sobald die MAR oberhalb der programmierten Mode-Switch-Frequenz liegt , stellt der Schrittmacher auf nichttriggernden Betrieb um . Weil der Algorithmus schnelle atriale Frequenzen staerker bewertet als langsame , ist er fuer eine Reihe atrialer Tachyarrhythmien empfindlich , einschliesslich derjenigen mit wechselnder Signalamplitude . Zusaetzlich verfuegt der Algorithmus ueber eine lange PVARP und ein frequenzadaptives AV-Intervall . Hierdurch wird nicht nur die Detektion atrialer Frequenzen in einem Bereich ermoeglicht , sondern auch die Zeit , die der Schrittmacher vor Mode-Switch an der oberen Grenzfrequenz triggert , begrenzt . Um die Effektivitaet des Algorithmus zu ueberpruefen , bietet der Thera-i detaillierte diagnostische Speicherfunktionen an , die Informationen ueber Datum , Uhrzeit , Dauer und maximale Frequenz der Mode-Switch-Episode enthalten . Zusaetzlich koennen detaillierte Informationen mit atrialen Schlag-zu-Schlag-Frequenzen fuer jede gespeicherte Episode abgerufen werden , so dass die Korrektheit des Mode-Switches beurteilt und ggf. eine Optimierung der Programmierung durchgefuehrt werden koennen .	[ "Medtronic", "Thera", "/", "Thera", "-", "i", "(", "und", "Kappa", "400", ")", "Schrittmacher", "verwenden", "einen", "Mode", "-", "Switch", "-", "Algorithmus", ",", "der", "bei", "Auftreten", "von", "Vorhoftachyarrhythmien", "vom", "DDD", "(", "R", ")", "-Modus", "in", "den", "DDIR", "-", "Modus", "umschaltet", ".", "Um", "dies", "zu", "erreichen", ",", "berechnet", "der", "Schrittmacher", "fortlaufend", "eine", "mittlere", "atriale", "Frequenz", "(", "MAR", ")", ",", "die", "einen", "Bewertungsindex", "der", "Vorhoffrequenz", "darstellt", ".", "Sobald", "die", "MAR", "oberhalb", "der", "programmierten", "Mode", "-", "Switch", "-", "Frequenz", "liegt", ",", "stellt", "der", "Schrittmacher", "auf", "nichttriggernden", "Betrieb", "um", ".", "Weil", "der", "Algorithmus", "schnelle", "atriale", "Frequenzen", "staerker", "bewertet", "als", "langsame", ",", "ist", "er", "fuer", "eine", "Reihe", "atrialer", "Tachyarrhythmien", "empfindlich", ",", "einschliesslich", "derjenigen", "mit", "wechselnder", "Signalamplitude", ".", "Zusaetzlich", "verfuegt", "der", "Algorithmus", "ueber", "eine", "lange", "PVARP", "und", "ein", "frequenzadaptives", "AV", "-", "Intervall", ".", "Hierdurch", "wird", "nicht", "nur", "die", "Detektion", "atrialer", "Frequenzen", "in", "einem", "Bereich", "ermoeglicht", ",", "sondern", "auch", "die", "Zeit", ",", "die", "der", "Schrittmacher", "vor", "Mode", "-", "Switch", "an", "der", "oberen", "Grenzfrequenz", "triggert", ",", "begrenzt", ".", "Um", "die", "Effektivitaet", "des", "Algorithmus", "zu", "ueberpruefen", ",", "bietet", "der", "Thera", "-", "i", "detaillierte", "diagnostische", "Speicherfunktionen", "an", ",", "die", "Informationen", "ueber", "Datum", ",", "Uhrzeit", ",", "Dauer", "und", "maximale", "Frequenz", "der", "Mode", "-", "Switch", "-", "Episode", "enthalten", ".", "Zusaetzlich", "koennen", "detaillierte", "Informationen", "mit", "atrialen", "Schlag", "-", "zu", "-", "Schlag", "-", "Frequenzen", "fuer", "jede", "gespeicherte", "Episode", "abgerufen", "werden", ",", "so", "dass", "die", "Korrektheit", "des", "Mode", "-", "Switches", "beurteilt", "und", "ggf", ".", "eine", "Optimierung", "der", "Programmierung", "durchgefuehrt", "werden", "koennen", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
DDD is an umlsterm, Zeit is an umlsterm	Herzschrittmachertherapie.9010s058.ger.abstr_task1	Sentence: Medtronic Thera/Thera-i ( und Kappa 400 ) Schrittmacher verwenden einen Mode-Switch-Algorithmus , der bei Auftreten von Vorhoftachyarrhythmien vom DDD ( R ) -Modus in den DDIR-Modus umschaltet . Um dies zu erreichen , berechnet der Schrittmacher fortlaufend eine mittlere atriale Frequenz ( MAR ) , die einen Bewertungsindex der Vorhoffrequenz darstellt . Sobald die MAR oberhalb der programmierten Mode-Switch-Frequenz liegt , stellt der Schrittmacher auf nichttriggernden Betrieb um . Weil der Algorithmus schnelle atriale Frequenzen staerker bewertet als langsame , ist er fuer eine Reihe atrialer Tachyarrhythmien empfindlich , einschliesslich derjenigen mit wechselnder Signalamplitude . Zusaetzlich verfuegt der Algorithmus ueber eine lange PVARP und ein frequenzadaptives AV-Intervall . Hierdurch wird nicht nur die Detektion atrialer Frequenzen in einem Bereich ermoeglicht , sondern auch die Zeit , die der Schrittmacher vor Mode-Switch an der oberen Grenzfrequenz triggert , begrenzt . Um die Effektivitaet des Algorithmus zu ueberpruefen , bietet der Thera-i detaillierte diagnostische Speicherfunktionen an , die Informationen ueber Datum , Uhrzeit , Dauer und maximale Frequenz der Mode-Switch-Episode enthalten . Zusaetzlich koennen detaillierte Informationen mit atrialen Schlag-zu-Schlag-Frequenzen fuer jede gespeicherte Episode abgerufen werden , so dass die Korrektheit des Mode-Switches beurteilt und ggf. eine Optimierung der Programmierung durchgefuehrt werden koennen . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: DDD, Zeit Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Medtronic Thera/Thera-i ( und Kappa 400 ) Schrittmacher verwenden einen Mode-Switch-Algorithmus , der bei Auftreten von Vorhoftachyarrhythmien vom DDD ( R ) -Modus in den DDIR-Modus umschaltet . Um dies zu erreichen , berechnet der Schrittmacher fortlaufend eine mittlere atriale Frequenz ( MAR ) , die einen Bewertungsindex der Vorhoffrequenz darstellt . Sobald die MAR oberhalb der programmierten Mode-Switch-Frequenz liegt , stellt der Schrittmacher auf nichttriggernden Betrieb um . Weil der Algorithmus schnelle atriale Frequenzen staerker bewertet als langsame , ist er fuer eine Reihe atrialer Tachyarrhythmien empfindlich , einschliesslich derjenigen mit wechselnder Signalamplitude . Zusaetzlich verfuegt der Algorithmus ueber eine lange PVARP und ein frequenzadaptives AV-Intervall . Hierdurch wird nicht nur die Detektion atrialer Frequenzen in einem Bereich ermoeglicht , sondern auch die Zeit , die der Schrittmacher vor Mode-Switch an der oberen Grenzfrequenz triggert , begrenzt . Um die Effektivitaet des Algorithmus zu ueberpruefen , bietet der Thera-i detaillierte diagnostische Speicherfunktionen an , die Informationen ueber Datum , Uhrzeit , Dauer und maximale Frequenz der Mode-Switch-Episode enthalten . Zusaetzlich koennen detaillierte Informationen mit atrialen Schlag-zu-Schlag-Frequenzen fuer jede gespeicherte Episode abgerufen werden , so dass die Korrektheit des Mode-Switches beurteilt und ggf. eine Optimierung der Programmierung durchgefuehrt werden koennen .	[ "Medtronic", "Thera", "/", "Thera", "-", "i", "(", "und", "Kappa", "400", ")", "Schrittmacher", "verwenden", "einen", "Mode", "-", "Switch", "-", "Algorithmus", ",", "der", "bei", "Auftreten", "von", "Vorhoftachyarrhythmien", "vom", "DDD", "(", "R", ")", "-Modus", "in", "den", "DDIR", "-", "Modus", "umschaltet", ".", "Um", "dies", "zu", "erreichen", ",", "berechnet", "der", "Schrittmacher", "fortlaufend", "eine", "mittlere", "atriale", "Frequenz", "(", "MAR", ")", ",", "die", "einen", "Bewertungsindex", "der", "Vorhoffrequenz", "darstellt", ".", "Sobald", "die", "MAR", "oberhalb", "der", "programmierten", "Mode", "-", "Switch", "-", "Frequenz", "liegt", ",", "stellt", "der", "Schrittmacher", "auf", "nichttriggernden", "Betrieb", "um", ".", "Weil", "der", "Algorithmus", "schnelle", "atriale", "Frequenzen", "staerker", "bewertet", "als", "langsame", ",", "ist", "er", "fuer", "eine", "Reihe", "atrialer", "Tachyarrhythmien", "empfindlich", ",", "einschliesslich", "derjenigen", "mit", "wechselnder", "Signalamplitude", ".", "Zusaetzlich", "verfuegt", "der", "Algorithmus", "ueber", "eine", "lange", "PVARP", "und", "ein", "frequenzadaptives", "AV", "-", "Intervall", ".", "Hierdurch", "wird", "nicht", "nur", "die", "Detektion", "atrialer", "Frequenzen", "in", "einem", "Bereich", "ermoeglicht", ",", "sondern", "auch", "die", "Zeit", ",", "die", "der", "Schrittmacher", "vor", "Mode", "-", "Switch", "an", "der", "oberen", "Grenzfrequenz", "triggert", ",", "begrenzt", ".", "Um", "die", "Effektivitaet", "des", "Algorithmus", "zu", "ueberpruefen", ",", "bietet", "der", "Thera", "-", "i", "detaillierte", "diagnostische", "Speicherfunktionen", "an", ",", "die", "Informationen", "ueber", "Datum", ",", "Uhrzeit", ",", "Dauer", "und", "maximale", "Frequenz", "der", "Mode", "-", "Switch", "-", "Episode", "enthalten", ".", "Zusaetzlich", "koennen", "detaillierte", "Informationen", "mit", "atrialen", "Schlag", "-", "zu", "-", "Schlag", "-", "Frequenzen", "fuer", "jede", "gespeicherte", "Episode", "abgerufen", "werden", ",", "so", "dass", "die", "Korrektheit", "des", "Mode", "-", "Switches", "beurteilt", "und", "ggf", ".", "eine", "Optimierung", "der", "Programmierung", "durchgefuehrt", "werden", "koennen", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
DDD, Zeit	Herzschrittmachertherapie.9010s058.ger.abstr_task2	Sentence: Medtronic Thera/Thera-i ( und Kappa 400 ) Schrittmacher verwenden einen Mode-Switch-Algorithmus , der bei Auftreten von Vorhoftachyarrhythmien vom DDD ( R ) -Modus in den DDIR-Modus umschaltet . Um dies zu erreichen , berechnet der Schrittmacher fortlaufend eine mittlere atriale Frequenz ( MAR ) , die einen Bewertungsindex der Vorhoffrequenz darstellt . Sobald die MAR oberhalb der programmierten Mode-Switch-Frequenz liegt , stellt der Schrittmacher auf nichttriggernden Betrieb um . Weil der Algorithmus schnelle atriale Frequenzen staerker bewertet als langsame , ist er fuer eine Reihe atrialer Tachyarrhythmien empfindlich , einschliesslich derjenigen mit wechselnder Signalamplitude . Zusaetzlich verfuegt der Algorithmus ueber eine lange PVARP und ein frequenzadaptives AV-Intervall . Hierdurch wird nicht nur die Detektion atrialer Frequenzen in einem Bereich ermoeglicht , sondern auch die Zeit , die der Schrittmacher vor Mode-Switch an der oberen Grenzfrequenz triggert , begrenzt . Um die Effektivitaet des Algorithmus zu ueberpruefen , bietet der Thera-i detaillierte diagnostische Speicherfunktionen an , die Informationen ueber Datum , Uhrzeit , Dauer und maximale Frequenz der Mode-Switch-Episode enthalten . Zusaetzlich koennen detaillierte Informationen mit atrialen Schlag-zu-Schlag-Frequenzen fuer jede gespeicherte Episode abgerufen werden , so dass die Korrektheit des Mode-Switches beurteilt und ggf. eine Optimierung der Programmierung durchgefuehrt werden koennen . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Medtronic Thera/Thera-i ( und Kappa 400 ) Schrittmacher verwenden einen Mode-Switch-Algorithmus , der bei Auftreten von Vorhoftachyarrhythmien vom DDD ( R ) -Modus in den DDIR-Modus umschaltet . Um dies zu erreichen , berechnet der Schrittmacher fortlaufend eine mittlere atriale Frequenz ( MAR ) , die einen Bewertungsindex der Vorhoffrequenz darstellt . Sobald die MAR oberhalb der programmierten Mode-Switch-Frequenz liegt , stellt der Schrittmacher auf nichttriggernden Betrieb um . Weil der Algorithmus schnelle atriale Frequenzen staerker bewertet als langsame , ist er fuer eine Reihe atrialer Tachyarrhythmien empfindlich , einschliesslich derjenigen mit wechselnder Signalamplitude . Zusaetzlich verfuegt der Algorithmus ueber eine lange PVARP und ein frequenzadaptives AV-Intervall . Hierdurch wird nicht nur die Detektion atrialer Frequenzen in einem Bereich ermoeglicht , sondern auch die Zeit , die der Schrittmacher vor Mode-Switch an der oberen Grenzfrequenz triggert , begrenzt . Um die Effektivitaet des Algorithmus zu ueberpruefen , bietet der Thera-i detaillierte diagnostische Speicherfunktionen an , die Informationen ueber Datum , Uhrzeit , Dauer und maximale Frequenz der Mode-Switch-Episode enthalten . Zusaetzlich koennen detaillierte Informationen mit atrialen Schlag-zu-Schlag-Frequenzen fuer jede gespeicherte Episode abgerufen werden , so dass die Korrektheit des Mode-Switches beurteilt und ggf. eine Optimierung der Programmierung durchgefuehrt werden koennen .	[ "Medtronic", "Thera", "/", "Thera", "-", "i", "(", "und", "Kappa", "400", ")", "Schrittmacher", "verwenden", "einen", "Mode", "-", "Switch", "-", "Algorithmus", ",", "der", "bei", "Auftreten", "von", "Vorhoftachyarrhythmien", "vom", "DDD", "(", "R", ")", "-Modus", "in", "den", "DDIR", "-", "Modus", "umschaltet", ".", "Um", "dies", "zu", "erreichen", ",", "berechnet", "der", "Schrittmacher", "fortlaufend", "eine", "mittlere", "atriale", "Frequenz", "(", "MAR", ")", ",", "die", "einen", "Bewertungsindex", "der", "Vorhoffrequenz", "darstellt", ".", "Sobald", "die", "MAR", "oberhalb", "der", "programmierten", "Mode", "-", "Switch", "-", "Frequenz", "liegt", ",", "stellt", "der", "Schrittmacher", "auf", "nichttriggernden", "Betrieb", "um", ".", "Weil", "der", "Algorithmus", "schnelle", "atriale", "Frequenzen", "staerker", "bewertet", "als", "langsame", ",", "ist", "er", "fuer", "eine", "Reihe", "atrialer", "Tachyarrhythmien", "empfindlich", ",", "einschliesslich", "derjenigen", "mit", "wechselnder", "Signalamplitude", ".", "Zusaetzlich", "verfuegt", "der", "Algorithmus", "ueber", "eine", "lange", "PVARP", "und", "ein", "frequenzadaptives", "AV", "-", "Intervall", ".", "Hierdurch", "wird", "nicht", "nur", "die", "Detektion", "atrialer", "Frequenzen", "in", "einem", "Bereich", "ermoeglicht", ",", "sondern", "auch", "die", "Zeit", ",", "die", "der", "Schrittmacher", "vor", "Mode", "-", "Switch", "an", "der", "oberen", "Grenzfrequenz", "triggert", ",", "begrenzt", ".", "Um", "die", "Effektivitaet", "des", "Algorithmus", "zu", "ueberpruefen", ",", "bietet", "der", "Thera", "-", "i", "detaillierte", "diagnostische", "Speicherfunktionen", "an", ",", "die", "Informationen", "ueber", "Datum", ",", "Uhrzeit", ",", "Dauer", "und", "maximale", "Frequenz", "der", "Mode", "-", "Switch", "-", "Episode", "enthalten", ".", "Zusaetzlich", "koennen", "detaillierte", "Informationen", "mit", "atrialen", "Schlag", "-", "zu", "-", "Schlag", "-", "Frequenzen", "fuer", "jede", "gespeicherte", "Episode", "abgerufen", "werden", ",", "so", "dass", "die", "Korrektheit", "des", "Mode", "-", "Switches", "beurteilt", "und", "ggf", ".", "eine", "Optimierung", "der", "Programmierung", "durchgefuehrt", "werden", "koennen", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
treatment is an umlsterm, low back pain is an umlsterm, primary care is an umlsterm, Germany is an umlsterm	DerSchmerz.00140146.eng.abstr_task0	Sentence: Background . Little is known about the outcome quality of treatment for chronic low back pain under primary care conditions in Germany . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O" ]	Background . Little is known about the outcome quality of treatment for chronic low back pain under primary care conditions in Germany .	[ "Background", ".", "Little", "is", "known", "about", "the", "outcome", "quality", "of", "treatment", "for", "chronic", "low", "back", "pain", "under", "primary", "care", "conditions", "in", "Germany", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
treatment is an umlsterm, low back pain is an umlsterm, primary care is an umlsterm, Germany is an umlsterm	DerSchmerz.00140146.eng.abstr_task1	Sentence: Background . Little is known about the outcome quality of treatment for chronic low back pain under primary care conditions in Germany . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: treatment, low back pain, primary care, Germany Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O" ]	Background . Little is known about the outcome quality of treatment for chronic low back pain under primary care conditions in Germany .	[ "Background", ".", "Little", "is", "known", "about", "the", "outcome", "quality", "of", "treatment", "for", "chronic", "low", "back", "pain", "under", "primary", "care", "conditions", "in", "Germany", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
treatment, low back pain, primary care, Germany	DerSchmerz.00140146.eng.abstr_task2	Sentence: Background . Little is known about the outcome quality of treatment for chronic low back pain under primary care conditions in Germany . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O" ]	Background . Little is known about the outcome quality of treatment for chronic low back pain under primary care conditions in Germany .	[ "Background", ".", "Little", "is", "known", "about", "the", "outcome", "quality", "of", "treatment", "for", "chronic", "low", "back", "pain", "under", "primary", "care", "conditions", "in", "Germany", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]

Behandlung, Thrombosen, Kindes-, Fallberichte, Therapiedauer, Thrombolysetherapie, Becken-, Beinvenenthrombose, jugendlichen, Beins, Fibrinolytika, Gewebeplasminogenaktivator, Streptokinase

MonatsschriftKinderheilkunde.91471106.ger.abstr_task2

Sentence: Ueber Thrombolysetherapien bei der Behandlung von Thrombosen im Kindes- und Jugendalter gibt es bereits viele Fallberichte , jedoch noch keine kontrollierten Studien ueber Dosierung und Therapiedauer des Thrombolytikums . Wir berichten ueber eine Thrombolysetherapie bei einer massiven Becken- und Beinvenenthrombose einer jugendlichen Patientin , bei der erstmals bei drohendem Verlust des betroffenen Beins 2 Fibrinolytika ( rekombinanter Gewebeplasminogenaktivator lokal und Streptokinase systemisch ) zeitgleich erfolgreich eingesetzt wurden . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Ueber Thrombolysetherapien bei der Behandlung von Thrombosen im Kindes- und Jugendalter gibt es bereits viele Fallberichte , jedoch noch keine kontrollierten Studien ueber Dosierung und Therapiedauer des Thrombolytikums . Wir berichten ueber eine Thrombolysetherapie bei einer massiven Becken- und Beinvenenthrombose einer jugendlichen Patientin , bei der erstmals bei drohendem Verlust des betroffenen Beins 2 Fibrinolytika ( rekombinanter Gewebeplasminogenaktivator lokal und Streptokinase systemisch ) zeitgleich erfolgreich eingesetzt wurden .

[ "Ueber", "Thrombolysetherapien", "bei", "der", "Behandlung", "von", "Thrombosen", "im", "Kindes-", "und", "Jugendalter", "gibt", "es", "bereits", "viele", "Fallberichte", ",", "jedoch", "noch", "keine", "kontrollierten", "Studien", "ueber", "Dosierung", "und", "Therapiedauer", "des", "Thrombolytikums", ".", "Wir", "berichten", "ueber", "eine", "Thrombolysetherapie", "bei", "einer", "massiven", "Becken-", "und", "Beinvenenthrombose", "einer", "jugendlichen", "Patientin", ",", "bei", "der", "erstmals", "bei", "drohendem", "Verlust", "des", "betroffenen", "Beins", "2", "Fibrinolytika", "(", "rekombinanter", "Gewebeplasminogenaktivator", "lokal", "und", "Streptokinase", "systemisch", ")", "zeitgleich", "erfolgreich", "eingesetzt", "wurden", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

Risk factors is an outcome, poor performance status , absolute neutrophil count < or = 2.0 x 10 ( 9 ) cells / L is an outcome, DOX is an intervention, PLD is an intervention, age is an outcome

989_task0

Sentence: Risk factors retained in the model included poor performance status , absolute neutrophil count < or =2.0 x 10 ( 9 ) cells/L in the previous cycle , the first cycle of chemotherapy , DOX versus PLD and advanced age . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: intervention, outcome

[ "B-outcome", "I-outcome", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-intervention", "O", "B-intervention", "O", "O", "B-outcome", "O" ]

Risk factors retained in the model included poor performance status , absolute neutrophil count < or =2.0 x 10 ( 9 ) cells/L in the previous cycle , the first cycle of chemotherapy , DOX versus PLD and advanced age .

[ "Risk", "factors", "retained", "in", "the", "model", "included", "poor", "performance", "status", ",", "absolute", "neutrophil", "count", "<", "or", "=", "2.0", "x", "10", "(", "9", ")", "cells", "/", "L", "in", "the", "previous", "cycle", ",", "the", "first", "cycle", "of", "chemotherapy", ",", "DOX", "versus", "PLD", "and", "advanced", "age", "." ]

[ "outcome", "intervention" ]

Risk factors is an outcome, poor performance status , absolute neutrophil count < or = 2.0 x 10 ( 9 ) cells / L is an outcome, DOX is an intervention, PLD is an intervention, age is an outcome

989_task1

Sentence: Risk factors retained in the model included poor performance status , absolute neutrophil count < or =2.0 x 10 ( 9 ) cells/L in the previous cycle , the first cycle of chemotherapy , DOX versus PLD and advanced age . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Risk factors, poor performance status , absolute neutrophil count < or = 2.0 x 10 ( 9 ) cells / L, DOX, PLD, age Options: intervention, outcome

[ "B-outcome", "I-outcome", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-intervention", "O", "B-intervention", "O", "O", "B-outcome", "O" ]

Risk factors retained in the model included poor performance status , absolute neutrophil count < or =2.0 x 10 ( 9 ) cells/L in the previous cycle , the first cycle of chemotherapy , DOX versus PLD and advanced age .

[ "Risk", "factors", "retained", "in", "the", "model", "included", "poor", "performance", "status", ",", "absolute", "neutrophil", "count", "<", "or", "=", "2.0", "x", "10", "(", "9", ")", "cells", "/", "L", "in", "the", "previous", "cycle", ",", "the", "first", "cycle", "of", "chemotherapy", ",", "DOX", "versus", "PLD", "and", "advanced", "age", "." ]

[ "outcome", "intervention" ]

Risk factors, poor performance status , absolute neutrophil count < or = 2.0 x 10 ( 9 ) cells / L, DOX, PLD, age

989_task2

Sentence: Risk factors retained in the model included poor performance status , absolute neutrophil count < or =2.0 x 10 ( 9 ) cells/L in the previous cycle , the first cycle of chemotherapy , DOX versus PLD and advanced age . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "B-outcome", "I-outcome", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-intervention", "O", "B-intervention", "O", "O", "B-outcome", "O" ]

Risk factors retained in the model included poor performance status , absolute neutrophil count < or =2.0 x 10 ( 9 ) cells/L in the previous cycle , the first cycle of chemotherapy , DOX versus PLD and advanced age .

[ "Risk", "factors", "retained", "in", "the", "model", "included", "poor", "performance", "status", ",", "absolute", "neutrophil", "count", "<", "or", "=", "2.0", "x", "10", "(", "9", ")", "cells", "/", "L", "in", "the", "previous", "cycle", ",", "the", "first", "cycle", "of", "chemotherapy", ",", "DOX", "versus", "PLD", "and", "advanced", "age", "." ]

[ "outcome", "intervention" ]

Metformin is a Intervention_Pharmacological, clomiphene resistant polycystic ovary syndrome is a Participant_Condition, metformin is a Intervention_Pharmacological, beneficial effects is a Outcome_Physical, clomiphene resistant infertile is a Participant_Condition, women is a Participant_Sex, PCOS is a Participant_Condition, placebo is a Intervention_Control, /placebo is a Intervention_Control, metformin / placebo is a Intervention_Pharmacological, restoration of spontaneous menses , ovulation induction ( spontaneous or clomiphene induced ) and pregnancy . Secondary endpoints is a Outcome_Physical, Twelve is a Participant_Sample-size, 14 is a Participant_Sample-size, Spontaneous menstruation is a Outcome_Physical, spontaneously ovulated is a Outcome_Physical, efficacy of clomiphene is a Outcome_Physical, ovulation being induced is a Outcome_Physical, Pregnancy is a Outcome_Physical

8954_task0

Sentence: Metformin does not enhance ovulation induction in clomiphene resistant polycystic ovary syndrome in clinical practice . AIMS To determine whether metformin pretreatment has beneficial effects in clomiphene resistant infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) in an infertility clinic . METHODS This was a randomized placebo controlled double-blind crossover study of 3 months metformin ( 1500 mg day-1 ) /placebo , followed by 3 months metformin/placebo together with clomiphene ( 50-100 mg for 5 days ) for three cycles in clomiphene resistant women with PCOS . The primary outcomes were restoration of spontaneous menses , ovulation induction ( spontaneous or clomiphene induced ) and pregnancy . Secondary endpoints were changes in biochemical parameters related to androgens and insulin . RESULTS Twelve women completed the metformin arm and 14 the placebo arm . Spontaneous menstruation resumed in five metformin treated patients and in six placebo treated women , P=0.63 . No women given metformin spontaneously ovulated , although one patient given placebo did , P=0.30 . There was no difference in the efficacy of clomiphene between the two groups with ovulation being induced in five ( out of 12 ) metformin treated women and four ( out of 14 ) placebo treated women , P=0.63 . Pregnancy occurred in three ( out of 12 ) women given metformin and two ( out of 14 ) women given placebo , P=0.59 . CONCLUSIONS Metformin is not always beneficial when given to clomiphene resistant infertile women with PCOS in clinical practice . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Intervention_Control, Participant_Sex, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size

[ "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "B-Participant_Sex", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Metformin does not enhance ovulation induction in clomiphene resistant polycystic ovary syndrome in clinical practice . AIMS To determine whether metformin pretreatment has beneficial effects in clomiphene resistant infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) in an infertility clinic . METHODS This was a randomized placebo controlled double-blind crossover study of 3 months metformin ( 1500 mg day-1 ) /placebo , followed by 3 months metformin/placebo together with clomiphene ( 50-100 mg for 5 days ) for three cycles in clomiphene resistant women with PCOS . The primary outcomes were restoration of spontaneous menses , ovulation induction ( spontaneous or clomiphene induced ) and pregnancy . Secondary endpoints were changes in biochemical parameters related to androgens and insulin . RESULTS Twelve women completed the metformin arm and 14 the placebo arm . Spontaneous menstruation resumed in five metformin treated patients and in six placebo treated women , P=0.63 . No women given metformin spontaneously ovulated , although one patient given placebo did , P=0.30 . There was no difference in the efficacy of clomiphene between the two groups with ovulation being induced in five ( out of 12 ) metformin treated women and four ( out of 14 ) placebo treated women , P=0.63 . Pregnancy occurred in three ( out of 12 ) women given metformin and two ( out of 14 ) women given placebo , P=0.59 . CONCLUSIONS Metformin is not always beneficial when given to clomiphene resistant infertile women with PCOS in clinical practice .

[ "Metformin", "does", "not", "enhance", "ovulation", "induction", "in", "clomiphene", "resistant", "polycystic", "ovary", "syndrome", "in", "clinical", "practice", ".", "AIMS", "To", "determine", "whether", "metformin", "pretreatment", "has", "beneficial", "effects", "in", "clomiphene", "resistant", "infertile", "women", "with", "polycystic", "ovary", "syndrome", "(", "PCOS", ")", "in", "an", "infertility", "clinic", ".", "METHODS", "This", "was", "a", "randomized", "placebo", "controlled", "double", "-", "blind", "crossover", "study", "of", "3", "months", "metformin", "(", "1500", "mg", "day-1", ")", "/placebo", ",", "followed", "by", "3", "months", "metformin", "/", "placebo", "together", "with", "clomiphene", "(", "50", "-", "100", "mg", "for", "5", "days", ")", "for", "three", "cycles", "in", "clomiphene", "resistant", "women", "with", "PCOS", ".", "The", "primary", "outcomes", "were", "restoration", "of", "spontaneous", "menses", ",", "ovulation", "induction", "(", "spontaneous", "or", "clomiphene", "induced", ")", "and", "pregnancy", ".", "Secondary", "endpoints", "were", "changes", "in", "biochemical", "parameters", "related", "to", "androgens", "and", "insulin", ".", "RESULTS", "Twelve", "women", "completed", "the", "metformin", "arm", "and", "14", "the", "placebo", "arm", ".", "Spontaneous", "menstruation", "resumed", "in", "five", "metformin", "treated", "patients", "and", "in", "six", "placebo", "treated", "women", ",", "P=0.63", ".", "No", "women", "given", "metformin", "spontaneously", "ovulated", ",", "although", "one", "patient", "given", "placebo", "did", ",", "P=0.30", ".", "There", "was", "no", "difference", "in", "the", "efficacy", "of", "clomiphene", "between", "the", "two", "groups", "with", "ovulation", "being", "induced", "in", "five", "(", "out", "of", "12", ")", "metformin", "treated", "women", "and", "four", "(", "out", "of", "14", ")", "placebo", "treated", "women", ",", "P=0.63", ".", "Pregnancy", "occurred", "in", "three", "(", "out", "of", "12", ")", "women", "given", "metformin", "and", "two", "(", "out", "of", "14", ")", "women", "given", "placebo", ",", "P=0.59", ".", "CONCLUSIONS", "Metformin", "is", "not", "always", "beneficial", "when", "given", "to", "clomiphene", "resistant", "infertile", "women", "with", "PCOS", "in", "clinical", "practice", "." ]

[ "Outcome_Physical", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Intervention_Control", "Participant_Sample-size", "Participant_Sex" ]

Metformin is a Intervention_Pharmacological, clomiphene resistant polycystic ovary syndrome is a Participant_Condition, metformin is a Intervention_Pharmacological, beneficial effects is a Outcome_Physical, clomiphene resistant infertile is a Participant_Condition, women is a Participant_Sex, PCOS is a Participant_Condition, placebo is a Intervention_Control, /placebo is a Intervention_Control, metformin / placebo is a Intervention_Pharmacological, restoration of spontaneous menses , ovulation induction ( spontaneous or clomiphene induced ) and pregnancy . Secondary endpoints is a Outcome_Physical, Twelve is a Participant_Sample-size, 14 is a Participant_Sample-size, Spontaneous menstruation is a Outcome_Physical, spontaneously ovulated is a Outcome_Physical, efficacy of clomiphene is a Outcome_Physical, ovulation being induced is a Outcome_Physical, Pregnancy is a Outcome_Physical

8954_task1

Sentence: Metformin does not enhance ovulation induction in clomiphene resistant polycystic ovary syndrome in clinical practice . AIMS To determine whether metformin pretreatment has beneficial effects in clomiphene resistant infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) in an infertility clinic . METHODS This was a randomized placebo controlled double-blind crossover study of 3 months metformin ( 1500 mg day-1 ) /placebo , followed by 3 months metformin/placebo together with clomiphene ( 50-100 mg for 5 days ) for three cycles in clomiphene resistant women with PCOS . The primary outcomes were restoration of spontaneous menses , ovulation induction ( spontaneous or clomiphene induced ) and pregnancy . Secondary endpoints were changes in biochemical parameters related to androgens and insulin . RESULTS Twelve women completed the metformin arm and 14 the placebo arm . Spontaneous menstruation resumed in five metformin treated patients and in six placebo treated women , P=0.63 . No women given metformin spontaneously ovulated , although one patient given placebo did , P=0.30 . There was no difference in the efficacy of clomiphene between the two groups with ovulation being induced in five ( out of 12 ) metformin treated women and four ( out of 14 ) placebo treated women , P=0.63 . Pregnancy occurred in three ( out of 12 ) women given metformin and two ( out of 14 ) women given placebo , P=0.59 . CONCLUSIONS Metformin is not always beneficial when given to clomiphene resistant infertile women with PCOS in clinical practice . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Metformin, clomiphene resistant polycystic ovary syndrome, metformin, beneficial effects, clomiphene resistant infertile, women, PCOS, placebo, /placebo, metformin / placebo, restoration of spontaneous menses , ovulation induction ( spontaneous or clomiphene induced ) and pregnancy . Secondary endpoints, Twelve, 14, Spontaneous menstruation, spontaneously ovulated, efficacy of clomiphene, ovulation being induced, Pregnancy Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Intervention_Control, Participant_Sex, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size

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Metformin does not enhance ovulation induction in clomiphene resistant polycystic ovary syndrome in clinical practice . AIMS To determine whether metformin pretreatment has beneficial effects in clomiphene resistant infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) in an infertility clinic . METHODS This was a randomized placebo controlled double-blind crossover study of 3 months metformin ( 1500 mg day-1 ) /placebo , followed by 3 months metformin/placebo together with clomiphene ( 50-100 mg for 5 days ) for three cycles in clomiphene resistant women with PCOS . The primary outcomes were restoration of spontaneous menses , ovulation induction ( spontaneous or clomiphene induced ) and pregnancy . Secondary endpoints were changes in biochemical parameters related to androgens and insulin . RESULTS Twelve women completed the metformin arm and 14 the placebo arm . Spontaneous menstruation resumed in five metformin treated patients and in six placebo treated women , P=0.63 . No women given metformin spontaneously ovulated , although one patient given placebo did , P=0.30 . There was no difference in the efficacy of clomiphene between the two groups with ovulation being induced in five ( out of 12 ) metformin treated women and four ( out of 14 ) placebo treated women , P=0.63 . Pregnancy occurred in three ( out of 12 ) women given metformin and two ( out of 14 ) women given placebo , P=0.59 . CONCLUSIONS Metformin is not always beneficial when given to clomiphene resistant infertile women with PCOS in clinical practice .

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[ "Outcome_Physical", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Intervention_Control", "Participant_Sample-size", "Participant_Sex" ]

Metformin, clomiphene resistant polycystic ovary syndrome, metformin, beneficial effects, clomiphene resistant infertile, women, PCOS, placebo, /placebo, metformin / placebo, restoration of spontaneous menses , ovulation induction ( spontaneous or clomiphene induced ) and pregnancy . Secondary endpoints, Twelve, 14, Spontaneous menstruation, spontaneously ovulated, efficacy of clomiphene, ovulation being induced, Pregnancy

8954_task2

Sentence: Metformin does not enhance ovulation induction in clomiphene resistant polycystic ovary syndrome in clinical practice . AIMS To determine whether metformin pretreatment has beneficial effects in clomiphene resistant infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) in an infertility clinic . METHODS This was a randomized placebo controlled double-blind crossover study of 3 months metformin ( 1500 mg day-1 ) /placebo , followed by 3 months metformin/placebo together with clomiphene ( 50-100 mg for 5 days ) for three cycles in clomiphene resistant women with PCOS . The primary outcomes were restoration of spontaneous menses , ovulation induction ( spontaneous or clomiphene induced ) and pregnancy . Secondary endpoints were changes in biochemical parameters related to androgens and insulin . RESULTS Twelve women completed the metformin arm and 14 the placebo arm . Spontaneous menstruation resumed in five metformin treated patients and in six placebo treated women , P=0.63 . No women given metformin spontaneously ovulated , although one patient given placebo did , P=0.30 . There was no difference in the efficacy of clomiphene between the two groups with ovulation being induced in five ( out of 12 ) metformin treated women and four ( out of 14 ) placebo treated women , P=0.63 . Pregnancy occurred in three ( out of 12 ) women given metformin and two ( out of 14 ) women given placebo , P=0.59 . CONCLUSIONS Metformin is not always beneficial when given to clomiphene resistant infertile women with PCOS in clinical practice . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Metformin does not enhance ovulation induction in clomiphene resistant polycystic ovary syndrome in clinical practice . AIMS To determine whether metformin pretreatment has beneficial effects in clomiphene resistant infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) in an infertility clinic . METHODS This was a randomized placebo controlled double-blind crossover study of 3 months metformin ( 1500 mg day-1 ) /placebo , followed by 3 months metformin/placebo together with clomiphene ( 50-100 mg for 5 days ) for three cycles in clomiphene resistant women with PCOS . The primary outcomes were restoration of spontaneous menses , ovulation induction ( spontaneous or clomiphene induced ) and pregnancy . Secondary endpoints were changes in biochemical parameters related to androgens and insulin . RESULTS Twelve women completed the metformin arm and 14 the placebo arm . Spontaneous menstruation resumed in five metformin treated patients and in six placebo treated women , P=0.63 . No women given metformin spontaneously ovulated , although one patient given placebo did , P=0.30 . There was no difference in the efficacy of clomiphene between the two groups with ovulation being induced in five ( out of 12 ) metformin treated women and four ( out of 14 ) placebo treated women , P=0.63 . Pregnancy occurred in three ( out of 12 ) women given metformin and two ( out of 14 ) women given placebo , P=0.59 . CONCLUSIONS Metformin is not always beneficial when given to clomiphene resistant infertile women with PCOS in clinical practice .

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[ "Outcome_Physical", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Intervention_Control", "Participant_Sample-size", "Participant_Sex" ]

Glucose is a CHEMICAL, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 is a GENE-Y, Sitagliptin is a CHEMICAL, Metformin is a CHEMICAL, glucose is a CHEMICAL, sitagliptin is a CHEMICAL, metformin is a CHEMICAL, MTT is a CHEMICAL, [ ( 14)C]glucose is a CHEMICAL, glucose is a CHEMICAL, glucose is a CHEMICAL, insulin is a GENE-Y, C - peptide is a GENE-Y, insulin is a GENE-Y, glucagon is a GENE-Y, glucagon - like peptide is a GENE-Y, GLP-1 is a GENE-Y, gastrointestinal insulinotropic peptide is a GENE-Y, GIP is a GENE-Y, MTT is a CHEMICAL, MTT is a CHEMICAL, insulin is a GENE-Y, glucagon is a GENE-Y, MTT is a CHEMICAL, GLP-1 is a GENE-Y, glucose is a CHEMICAL, GLP-1 is a GENE-Y, glucagon is a GENE-Y

9074_task0

Sentence: Mechanisms of Glucose Lowering of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin When Used Alone or With Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: A double-tracer study. OBJECTIVETo assess glucose-lowering mechanisms of sitagliptin (S), metformin (M), and the two combined (M+S).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe randomized 16 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to four 6-week treatments with placebo (P), M, S, and M+S. After each period, subjects received a 6-h meal tolerance test (MTT) with [(14)C]glucose to calculate glucose kinetics. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin, C-peptide (insulin secretory rate [ISR]), fasting plasma glucagon, and bioactive glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) and gastrointestinal insulinotropic peptide (GIP) was measured.RESULTSFPG decreased from P, 160 ± 4 to M, 150 ± 4; S, 154 ± 4; and M+S, 125 ± 3 mg/dL. Mean post-MTT PG decreased from P, 207 ± 5 to M, 191 ± 4; S, 195 ± 4; and M+S, 161 ± 3 mg/dL (P < 0.01]. The increase in mean post-MTT plasma insulin and in ISR was similar in P, M, and S and slightly greater in M+S. Fasting plasma glucagon was equal (∼65-75 pg/mL) with all treatments, but there was a significant drop during the initial 120 min with S 24% and M+S 34% (both P < 0.05) vs. P 17% and M 16%. Fasting and mean post-MTT plasma bioactive GLP-1 were higher (P < 0.01) after S and M+S vs. M and P. Basal endogenous glucose production (EGP) fell from P 2.0 ± 0.1 to S 1.8 ± 0.1 mg/kg ⋅ min, M 1.8 ± 0.2 mg/kg ⋅ min [both P < 0.05 vs. P), and M+S 1.5 ± 0.1 mg/kg ⋅ min (P < 0.01 vs. P). Although the EGP slope of decline was faster in M and M+S vs. S, all had comparable greater post-MTT EGP inhibition vs. P (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSM+S combined produce additive effects to 1) reduce FPG and postmeal PG, 2) augment GLP-1 secretion and β-cell function, 3) decrease plasma glucagon, and 4) inhibit fasting and postmeal EGP compared with M or S monotherapy. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: GENE-Y, CHEMICAL

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Mechanisms of Glucose Lowering of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin When Used Alone or With Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: A double-tracer study. OBJECTIVETo assess glucose-lowering mechanisms of sitagliptin (S), metformin (M), and the two combined (M+S).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe randomized 16 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to four 6-week treatments with placebo (P), M, S, and M+S. After each period, subjects received a 6-h meal tolerance test (MTT) with [(14)C]glucose to calculate glucose kinetics. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin, C-peptide (insulin secretory rate [ISR]), fasting plasma glucagon, and bioactive glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) and gastrointestinal insulinotropic peptide (GIP) was measured.RESULTSFPG decreased from P, 160 ± 4 to M, 150 ± 4; S, 154 ± 4; and M+S, 125 ± 3 mg/dL. Mean post-MTT PG decreased from P, 207 ± 5 to M, 191 ± 4; S, 195 ± 4; and M+S, 161 ± 3 mg/dL (P < 0.01]. The increase in mean post-MTT plasma insulin and in ISR was similar in P, M, and S and slightly greater in M+S. Fasting plasma glucagon was equal (∼65-75 pg/mL) with all treatments, but there was a significant drop during the initial 120 min with S 24% and M+S 34% (both P < 0.05) vs. P 17% and M 16%. Fasting and mean post-MTT plasma bioactive GLP-1 were higher (P < 0.01) after S and M+S vs. M and P. Basal endogenous glucose production (EGP) fell from P 2.0 ± 0.1 to S 1.8 ± 0.1 mg/kg ⋅ min, M 1.8 ± 0.2 mg/kg ⋅ min [both P < 0.05 vs. P), and M+S 1.5 ± 0.1 mg/kg ⋅ min (P < 0.01 vs. P). Although the EGP slope of decline was faster in M and M+S vs. S, all had comparable greater post-MTT EGP inhibition vs. P (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSM+S combined produce additive effects to 1) reduce FPG and postmeal PG, 2) augment GLP-1 secretion and β-cell function, 3) decrease plasma glucagon, and 4) inhibit fasting and postmeal EGP compared with M or S monotherapy.

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[ "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL" ]

Glucose is a CHEMICAL, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 is a GENE-Y, Sitagliptin is a CHEMICAL, Metformin is a CHEMICAL, glucose is a CHEMICAL, sitagliptin is a CHEMICAL, metformin is a CHEMICAL, MTT is a CHEMICAL, [ ( 14)C]glucose is a CHEMICAL, glucose is a CHEMICAL, glucose is a CHEMICAL, insulin is a GENE-Y, C - peptide is a GENE-Y, insulin is a GENE-Y, glucagon is a GENE-Y, glucagon - like peptide is a GENE-Y, GLP-1 is a GENE-Y, gastrointestinal insulinotropic peptide is a GENE-Y, GIP is a GENE-Y, MTT is a CHEMICAL, MTT is a CHEMICAL, insulin is a GENE-Y, glucagon is a GENE-Y, MTT is a CHEMICAL, GLP-1 is a GENE-Y, glucose is a CHEMICAL, GLP-1 is a GENE-Y, glucagon is a GENE-Y

9074_task1

Sentence: Mechanisms of Glucose Lowering of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin When Used Alone or With Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: A double-tracer study. OBJECTIVETo assess glucose-lowering mechanisms of sitagliptin (S), metformin (M), and the two combined (M+S).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe randomized 16 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to four 6-week treatments with placebo (P), M, S, and M+S. After each period, subjects received a 6-h meal tolerance test (MTT) with [(14)C]glucose to calculate glucose kinetics. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin, C-peptide (insulin secretory rate [ISR]), fasting plasma glucagon, and bioactive glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) and gastrointestinal insulinotropic peptide (GIP) was measured.RESULTSFPG decreased from P, 160 ± 4 to M, 150 ± 4; S, 154 ± 4; and M+S, 125 ± 3 mg/dL. Mean post-MTT PG decreased from P, 207 ± 5 to M, 191 ± 4; S, 195 ± 4; and M+S, 161 ± 3 mg/dL (P < 0.01]. The increase in mean post-MTT plasma insulin and in ISR was similar in P, M, and S and slightly greater in M+S. Fasting plasma glucagon was equal (∼65-75 pg/mL) with all treatments, but there was a significant drop during the initial 120 min with S 24% and M+S 34% (both P < 0.05) vs. P 17% and M 16%. Fasting and mean post-MTT plasma bioactive GLP-1 were higher (P < 0.01) after S and M+S vs. M and P. Basal endogenous glucose production (EGP) fell from P 2.0 ± 0.1 to S 1.8 ± 0.1 mg/kg ⋅ min, M 1.8 ± 0.2 mg/kg ⋅ min [both P < 0.05 vs. P), and M+S 1.5 ± 0.1 mg/kg ⋅ min (P < 0.01 vs. P). Although the EGP slope of decline was faster in M and M+S vs. S, all had comparable greater post-MTT EGP inhibition vs. P (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSM+S combined produce additive effects to 1) reduce FPG and postmeal PG, 2) augment GLP-1 secretion and β-cell function, 3) decrease plasma glucagon, and 4) inhibit fasting and postmeal EGP compared with M or S monotherapy. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Glucose, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4, Sitagliptin, Metformin, glucose, sitagliptin, metformin, MTT, [ ( 14)C]glucose, glucose, glucose, insulin, C - peptide, insulin, glucagon, glucagon - like peptide, GLP-1, gastrointestinal insulinotropic peptide, GIP, MTT, MTT, insulin, glucagon, MTT, GLP-1, glucose, GLP-1, glucagon Options: GENE-Y, CHEMICAL

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Mechanisms of Glucose Lowering of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin When Used Alone or With Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: A double-tracer study. OBJECTIVETo assess glucose-lowering mechanisms of sitagliptin (S), metformin (M), and the two combined (M+S).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe randomized 16 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to four 6-week treatments with placebo (P), M, S, and M+S. After each period, subjects received a 6-h meal tolerance test (MTT) with [(14)C]glucose to calculate glucose kinetics. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin, C-peptide (insulin secretory rate [ISR]), fasting plasma glucagon, and bioactive glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) and gastrointestinal insulinotropic peptide (GIP) was measured.RESULTSFPG decreased from P, 160 ± 4 to M, 150 ± 4; S, 154 ± 4; and M+S, 125 ± 3 mg/dL. Mean post-MTT PG decreased from P, 207 ± 5 to M, 191 ± 4; S, 195 ± 4; and M+S, 161 ± 3 mg/dL (P < 0.01]. The increase in mean post-MTT plasma insulin and in ISR was similar in P, M, and S and slightly greater in M+S. Fasting plasma glucagon was equal (∼65-75 pg/mL) with all treatments, but there was a significant drop during the initial 120 min with S 24% and M+S 34% (both P < 0.05) vs. P 17% and M 16%. Fasting and mean post-MTT plasma bioactive GLP-1 were higher (P < 0.01) after S and M+S vs. M and P. Basal endogenous glucose production (EGP) fell from P 2.0 ± 0.1 to S 1.8 ± 0.1 mg/kg ⋅ min, M 1.8 ± 0.2 mg/kg ⋅ min [both P < 0.05 vs. P), and M+S 1.5 ± 0.1 mg/kg ⋅ min (P < 0.01 vs. P). Although the EGP slope of decline was faster in M and M+S vs. S, all had comparable greater post-MTT EGP inhibition vs. P (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSM+S combined produce additive effects to 1) reduce FPG and postmeal PG, 2) augment GLP-1 secretion and β-cell function, 3) decrease plasma glucagon, and 4) inhibit fasting and postmeal EGP compared with M or S monotherapy.

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[ "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL" ]

Glucose, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4, Sitagliptin, Metformin, glucose, sitagliptin, metformin, MTT, [ ( 14)C]glucose, glucose, glucose, insulin, C - peptide, insulin, glucagon, glucagon - like peptide, GLP-1, gastrointestinal insulinotropic peptide, GIP, MTT, MTT, insulin, glucagon, MTT, GLP-1, glucose, GLP-1, glucagon

9074_task2

Sentence: Mechanisms of Glucose Lowering of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin When Used Alone or With Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: A double-tracer study. OBJECTIVETo assess glucose-lowering mechanisms of sitagliptin (S), metformin (M), and the two combined (M+S).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe randomized 16 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to four 6-week treatments with placebo (P), M, S, and M+S. After each period, subjects received a 6-h meal tolerance test (MTT) with [(14)C]glucose to calculate glucose kinetics. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin, C-peptide (insulin secretory rate [ISR]), fasting plasma glucagon, and bioactive glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) and gastrointestinal insulinotropic peptide (GIP) was measured.RESULTSFPG decreased from P, 160 ± 4 to M, 150 ± 4; S, 154 ± 4; and M+S, 125 ± 3 mg/dL. Mean post-MTT PG decreased from P, 207 ± 5 to M, 191 ± 4; S, 195 ± 4; and M+S, 161 ± 3 mg/dL (P < 0.01]. The increase in mean post-MTT plasma insulin and in ISR was similar in P, M, and S and slightly greater in M+S. Fasting plasma glucagon was equal (∼65-75 pg/mL) with all treatments, but there was a significant drop during the initial 120 min with S 24% and M+S 34% (both P < 0.05) vs. P 17% and M 16%. Fasting and mean post-MTT plasma bioactive GLP-1 were higher (P < 0.01) after S and M+S vs. M and P. Basal endogenous glucose production (EGP) fell from P 2.0 ± 0.1 to S 1.8 ± 0.1 mg/kg ⋅ min, M 1.8 ± 0.2 mg/kg ⋅ min [both P < 0.05 vs. P), and M+S 1.5 ± 0.1 mg/kg ⋅ min (P < 0.01 vs. P). Although the EGP slope of decline was faster in M and M+S vs. S, all had comparable greater post-MTT EGP inhibition vs. P (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSM+S combined produce additive effects to 1) reduce FPG and postmeal PG, 2) augment GLP-1 secretion and β-cell function, 3) decrease plasma glucagon, and 4) inhibit fasting and postmeal EGP compared with M or S monotherapy. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Mechanisms of Glucose Lowering of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin When Used Alone or With Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: A double-tracer study. OBJECTIVETo assess glucose-lowering mechanisms of sitagliptin (S), metformin (M), and the two combined (M+S).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe randomized 16 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to four 6-week treatments with placebo (P), M, S, and M+S. After each period, subjects received a 6-h meal tolerance test (MTT) with [(14)C]glucose to calculate glucose kinetics. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin, C-peptide (insulin secretory rate [ISR]), fasting plasma glucagon, and bioactive glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) and gastrointestinal insulinotropic peptide (GIP) was measured.RESULTSFPG decreased from P, 160 ± 4 to M, 150 ± 4; S, 154 ± 4; and M+S, 125 ± 3 mg/dL. Mean post-MTT PG decreased from P, 207 ± 5 to M, 191 ± 4; S, 195 ± 4; and M+S, 161 ± 3 mg/dL (P < 0.01]. The increase in mean post-MTT plasma insulin and in ISR was similar in P, M, and S and slightly greater in M+S. Fasting plasma glucagon was equal (∼65-75 pg/mL) with all treatments, but there was a significant drop during the initial 120 min with S 24% and M+S 34% (both P < 0.05) vs. P 17% and M 16%. Fasting and mean post-MTT plasma bioactive GLP-1 were higher (P < 0.01) after S and M+S vs. M and P. Basal endogenous glucose production (EGP) fell from P 2.0 ± 0.1 to S 1.8 ± 0.1 mg/kg ⋅ min, M 1.8 ± 0.2 mg/kg ⋅ min [both P < 0.05 vs. P), and M+S 1.5 ± 0.1 mg/kg ⋅ min (P < 0.01 vs. P). Although the EGP slope of decline was faster in M and M+S vs. S, all had comparable greater post-MTT EGP inhibition vs. P (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSM+S combined produce additive effects to 1) reduce FPG and postmeal PG, 2) augment GLP-1 secretion and β-cell function, 3) decrease plasma glucagon, and 4) inhibit fasting and postmeal EGP compared with M or S monotherapy.

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[ "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL" ]

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DerHautarzt.80490552.eng.abstr_task0

Sentence: During the years 1985 up to 1995 53 patients between 18 and 80 years of age ( mean age 54,7 years ) with histologically and clinically proven Zoon's balanitis were treated by circumcision . The majority of patients had symptoms for more than 12 months . In five cases they had lasted for 8 , 10 , 16 , 17 and 47 ( ! ) years . 30 patients were investigated by means of physical examination and questionaire in this retrospective study . Lesions involved glans in all patients , while in 17 of 30 patients both glans and prepuce were involved . None of the patients showed lesions of the prepuce only . In most cases Zoon's balanitis was successfully treated by circumcision in a period of two to four weeks . In four cases , psoriatic lesions , and in one case lichen ruber was diagnosed . In the remaining patient , whose circumcision was inadequate , a small area of balanitis persisted in the sulcus coronarius still covered by the foreskin . The curative effect of adequate circumcision in 100% of patients suggests that Zoon's balanitis is a relatively non-specific reactive balanitis caused by a disturbed " preputial-ecology " . It is remarkable that other distinct inflammatory diseases of glans and prepuce can show features which are identical to those Zoon's balanitis . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

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During the years 1985 up to 1995 53 patients between 18 and 80 years of age ( mean age 54,7 years ) with histologically and clinically proven Zoon's balanitis were treated by circumcision . The majority of patients had symptoms for more than 12 months . In five cases they had lasted for 8 , 10 , 16 , 17 and 47 ( ! ) years . 30 patients were investigated by means of physical examination and questionaire in this retrospective study . Lesions involved glans in all patients , while in 17 of 30 patients both glans and prepuce were involved . None of the patients showed lesions of the prepuce only . In most cases Zoon's balanitis was successfully treated by circumcision in a period of two to four weeks . In four cases , psoriatic lesions , and in one case lichen ruber was diagnosed . In the remaining patient , whose circumcision was inadequate , a small area of balanitis persisted in the sulcus coronarius still covered by the foreskin . The curative effect of adequate circumcision in 100% of patients suggests that Zoon's balanitis is a relatively non-specific reactive balanitis caused by a disturbed " preputial-ecology " . It is remarkable that other distinct inflammatory diseases of glans and prepuce can show features which are identical to those Zoon's balanitis .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

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DerHautarzt.80490552.eng.abstr_task1

Sentence: During the years 1985 up to 1995 53 patients between 18 and 80 years of age ( mean age 54,7 years ) with histologically and clinically proven Zoon's balanitis were treated by circumcision . The majority of patients had symptoms for more than 12 months . In five cases they had lasted for 8 , 10 , 16 , 17 and 47 ( ! ) years . 30 patients were investigated by means of physical examination and questionaire in this retrospective study . Lesions involved glans in all patients , while in 17 of 30 patients both glans and prepuce were involved . None of the patients showed lesions of the prepuce only . In most cases Zoon's balanitis was successfully treated by circumcision in a period of two to four weeks . In four cases , psoriatic lesions , and in one case lichen ruber was diagnosed . In the remaining patient , whose circumcision was inadequate , a small area of balanitis persisted in the sulcus coronarius still covered by the foreskin . The curative effect of adequate circumcision in 100% of patients suggests that Zoon's balanitis is a relatively non-specific reactive balanitis caused by a disturbed " preputial-ecology " . It is remarkable that other distinct inflammatory diseases of glans and prepuce can show features which are identical to those Zoon's balanitis . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: patients, age, age, proven, balanitis, circumcision, patients, symptoms, patients, physical examination, retrospective study, patients, patients, patients, balanitis, circumcision, period, lichen, patient, circumcision, balanitis, circumcision, patients, balanitis, balanitis, preputial - ecology, diseases, balanitis Options: umlsterm

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During the years 1985 up to 1995 53 patients between 18 and 80 years of age ( mean age 54,7 years ) with histologically and clinically proven Zoon's balanitis were treated by circumcision . The majority of patients had symptoms for more than 12 months . In five cases they had lasted for 8 , 10 , 16 , 17 and 47 ( ! ) years . 30 patients were investigated by means of physical examination and questionaire in this retrospective study . Lesions involved glans in all patients , while in 17 of 30 patients both glans and prepuce were involved . None of the patients showed lesions of the prepuce only . In most cases Zoon's balanitis was successfully treated by circumcision in a period of two to four weeks . In four cases , psoriatic lesions , and in one case lichen ruber was diagnosed . In the remaining patient , whose circumcision was inadequate , a small area of balanitis persisted in the sulcus coronarius still covered by the foreskin . The curative effect of adequate circumcision in 100% of patients suggests that Zoon's balanitis is a relatively non-specific reactive balanitis caused by a disturbed " preputial-ecology " . It is remarkable that other distinct inflammatory diseases of glans and prepuce can show features which are identical to those Zoon's balanitis .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

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DerHautarzt.80490552.eng.abstr_task2

Sentence: During the years 1985 up to 1995 53 patients between 18 and 80 years of age ( mean age 54,7 years ) with histologically and clinically proven Zoon's balanitis were treated by circumcision . The majority of patients had symptoms for more than 12 months . In five cases they had lasted for 8 , 10 , 16 , 17 and 47 ( ! ) years . 30 patients were investigated by means of physical examination and questionaire in this retrospective study . Lesions involved glans in all patients , while in 17 of 30 patients both glans and prepuce were involved . None of the patients showed lesions of the prepuce only . In most cases Zoon's balanitis was successfully treated by circumcision in a period of two to four weeks . In four cases , psoriatic lesions , and in one case lichen ruber was diagnosed . In the remaining patient , whose circumcision was inadequate , a small area of balanitis persisted in the sulcus coronarius still covered by the foreskin . The curative effect of adequate circumcision in 100% of patients suggests that Zoon's balanitis is a relatively non-specific reactive balanitis caused by a disturbed " preputial-ecology " . It is remarkable that other distinct inflammatory diseases of glans and prepuce can show features which are identical to those Zoon's balanitis . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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During the years 1985 up to 1995 53 patients between 18 and 80 years of age ( mean age 54,7 years ) with histologically and clinically proven Zoon's balanitis were treated by circumcision . The majority of patients had symptoms for more than 12 months . In five cases they had lasted for 8 , 10 , 16 , 17 and 47 ( ! ) years . 30 patients were investigated by means of physical examination and questionaire in this retrospective study . Lesions involved glans in all patients , while in 17 of 30 patients both glans and prepuce were involved . None of the patients showed lesions of the prepuce only . In most cases Zoon's balanitis was successfully treated by circumcision in a period of two to four weeks . In four cases , psoriatic lesions , and in one case lichen ruber was diagnosed . In the remaining patient , whose circumcision was inadequate , a small area of balanitis persisted in the sulcus coronarius still covered by the foreskin . The curative effect of adequate circumcision in 100% of patients suggests that Zoon's balanitis is a relatively non-specific reactive balanitis caused by a disturbed " preputial-ecology " . It is remarkable that other distinct inflammatory diseases of glans and prepuce can show features which are identical to those Zoon's balanitis .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Lidocaine is a Intervention_Pharmacological, bupivacaine is a Intervention_Pharmacological, 60 is a Participant_Sample-size, healthy patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery is a Participant_Condition, epinephrine . is a Intervention_Pharmacological, 0.5 per cent bupivacaine HCl , 2 per cent lidocaine HCl , and lidocaine - bupivacaine mixtures is a Intervention_Pharmacological, Onset and complete spread of is a Outcome_Mental, sensory blockade is a Outcome_Physical, duration of action is a Outcome_Other, Onset of complete motor blockade is a Outcome_Physical, degree of motor blockade is a Outcome_Physical

80304_task0

Sentence: Lidocaine and bupivacaine mixtures for epidural blockade . In a prospective double-blind clinical study , single-dose lumbar epidural blockade was instituted in 60 healthy patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery . Patients were randomly assigned to one of five groups . Each group received treatment with a different local anesthetic solution containing 1:200,000 epinephrine . Local anesthetic solutions used were 0.5 per cent bupivacaine HCl , 2 per cent lidocaine HCl , and lidocaine-bupivacaine mixtures in the ratios of 1:3 , 1:1 or 3:1 by volume . Onset and complete spread of sensory blockade were similar in all five groups . Time to regression to two segments of partial and complete sensory blockade was positively correlated ( P less than 0.05 ) with increasing dose of bupivacaine in the solutions and ranged from 84 min ( partial ) and 70 min ( complete ) for lidocaine , to 128 min ( partial ) and 101 min ( complete ) for bupivacaine . Using skin temperature as a criterion of sympathetic blockade , all three mixtures demonstrated a duration of action intermediate between the two single drugs , lidocaine ( 124 +/- 13 min ) and bupivacaine ( 286 +/- 32 min ) . Onset of complete motor blockade was fastest and the degree of motor blockade was most profound with the mixture containing equal proportions of lidocaine and bupivacaine . Pharmacokinetics of individual drugs were unaltered in any of the mixtures . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size, Outcome_Other, Outcome_Mental

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Lidocaine and bupivacaine mixtures for epidural blockade . In a prospective double-blind clinical study , single-dose lumbar epidural blockade was instituted in 60 healthy patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery . Patients were randomly assigned to one of five groups . Each group received treatment with a different local anesthetic solution containing 1:200,000 epinephrine . Local anesthetic solutions used were 0.5 per cent bupivacaine HCl , 2 per cent lidocaine HCl , and lidocaine-bupivacaine mixtures in the ratios of 1:3 , 1:1 or 3:1 by volume . Onset and complete spread of sensory blockade were similar in all five groups . Time to regression to two segments of partial and complete sensory blockade was positively correlated ( P less than 0.05 ) with increasing dose of bupivacaine in the solutions and ranged from 84 min ( partial ) and 70 min ( complete ) for lidocaine , to 128 min ( partial ) and 101 min ( complete ) for bupivacaine . Using skin temperature as a criterion of sympathetic blockade , all three mixtures demonstrated a duration of action intermediate between the two single drugs , lidocaine ( 124 +/- 13 min ) and bupivacaine ( 286 +/- 32 min ) . Onset of complete motor blockade was fastest and the degree of motor blockade was most profound with the mixture containing equal proportions of lidocaine and bupivacaine . Pharmacokinetics of individual drugs were unaltered in any of the mixtures .

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[ "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Condition", "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Mental", "Outcome_Other", "Participant_Sample-size" ]

Lidocaine is a Intervention_Pharmacological, bupivacaine is a Intervention_Pharmacological, 60 is a Participant_Sample-size, healthy patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery is a Participant_Condition, epinephrine . is a Intervention_Pharmacological, 0.5 per cent bupivacaine HCl , 2 per cent lidocaine HCl , and lidocaine - bupivacaine mixtures is a Intervention_Pharmacological, Onset and complete spread of is a Outcome_Mental, sensory blockade is a Outcome_Physical, duration of action is a Outcome_Other, Onset of complete motor blockade is a Outcome_Physical, degree of motor blockade is a Outcome_Physical

80304_task1

Sentence: Lidocaine and bupivacaine mixtures for epidural blockade . In a prospective double-blind clinical study , single-dose lumbar epidural blockade was instituted in 60 healthy patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery . Patients were randomly assigned to one of five groups . Each group received treatment with a different local anesthetic solution containing 1:200,000 epinephrine . Local anesthetic solutions used were 0.5 per cent bupivacaine HCl , 2 per cent lidocaine HCl , and lidocaine-bupivacaine mixtures in the ratios of 1:3 , 1:1 or 3:1 by volume . Onset and complete spread of sensory blockade were similar in all five groups . Time to regression to two segments of partial and complete sensory blockade was positively correlated ( P less than 0.05 ) with increasing dose of bupivacaine in the solutions and ranged from 84 min ( partial ) and 70 min ( complete ) for lidocaine , to 128 min ( partial ) and 101 min ( complete ) for bupivacaine . Using skin temperature as a criterion of sympathetic blockade , all three mixtures demonstrated a duration of action intermediate between the two single drugs , lidocaine ( 124 +/- 13 min ) and bupivacaine ( 286 +/- 32 min ) . Onset of complete motor blockade was fastest and the degree of motor blockade was most profound with the mixture containing equal proportions of lidocaine and bupivacaine . Pharmacokinetics of individual drugs were unaltered in any of the mixtures . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Lidocaine, bupivacaine, 60, healthy patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery, epinephrine ., 0.5 per cent bupivacaine HCl , 2 per cent lidocaine HCl , and lidocaine - bupivacaine mixtures, Onset and complete spread of, sensory blockade, duration of action, Onset of complete motor blockade, degree of motor blockade Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size, Outcome_Other, Outcome_Mental

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Lidocaine and bupivacaine mixtures for epidural blockade . In a prospective double-blind clinical study , single-dose lumbar epidural blockade was instituted in 60 healthy patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery . Patients were randomly assigned to one of five groups . Each group received treatment with a different local anesthetic solution containing 1:200,000 epinephrine . Local anesthetic solutions used were 0.5 per cent bupivacaine HCl , 2 per cent lidocaine HCl , and lidocaine-bupivacaine mixtures in the ratios of 1:3 , 1:1 or 3:1 by volume . Onset and complete spread of sensory blockade were similar in all five groups . Time to regression to two segments of partial and complete sensory blockade was positively correlated ( P less than 0.05 ) with increasing dose of bupivacaine in the solutions and ranged from 84 min ( partial ) and 70 min ( complete ) for lidocaine , to 128 min ( partial ) and 101 min ( complete ) for bupivacaine . Using skin temperature as a criterion of sympathetic blockade , all three mixtures demonstrated a duration of action intermediate between the two single drugs , lidocaine ( 124 +/- 13 min ) and bupivacaine ( 286 +/- 32 min ) . Onset of complete motor blockade was fastest and the degree of motor blockade was most profound with the mixture containing equal proportions of lidocaine and bupivacaine . Pharmacokinetics of individual drugs were unaltered in any of the mixtures .

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[ "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Condition", "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Mental", "Outcome_Other", "Participant_Sample-size" ]

Lidocaine, bupivacaine, 60, healthy patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery, epinephrine ., 0.5 per cent bupivacaine HCl , 2 per cent lidocaine HCl , and lidocaine - bupivacaine mixtures, Onset and complete spread of, sensory blockade, duration of action, Onset of complete motor blockade, degree of motor blockade

80304_task2

Sentence: Lidocaine and bupivacaine mixtures for epidural blockade . In a prospective double-blind clinical study , single-dose lumbar epidural blockade was instituted in 60 healthy patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery . Patients were randomly assigned to one of five groups . Each group received treatment with a different local anesthetic solution containing 1:200,000 epinephrine . Local anesthetic solutions used were 0.5 per cent bupivacaine HCl , 2 per cent lidocaine HCl , and lidocaine-bupivacaine mixtures in the ratios of 1:3 , 1:1 or 3:1 by volume . Onset and complete spread of sensory blockade were similar in all five groups . Time to regression to two segments of partial and complete sensory blockade was positively correlated ( P less than 0.05 ) with increasing dose of bupivacaine in the solutions and ranged from 84 min ( partial ) and 70 min ( complete ) for lidocaine , to 128 min ( partial ) and 101 min ( complete ) for bupivacaine . Using skin temperature as a criterion of sympathetic blockade , all three mixtures demonstrated a duration of action intermediate between the two single drugs , lidocaine ( 124 +/- 13 min ) and bupivacaine ( 286 +/- 32 min ) . Onset of complete motor blockade was fastest and the degree of motor blockade was most profound with the mixture containing equal proportions of lidocaine and bupivacaine . Pharmacokinetics of individual drugs were unaltered in any of the mixtures . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Lidocaine and bupivacaine mixtures for epidural blockade . In a prospective double-blind clinical study , single-dose lumbar epidural blockade was instituted in 60 healthy patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery . Patients were randomly assigned to one of five groups . Each group received treatment with a different local anesthetic solution containing 1:200,000 epinephrine . Local anesthetic solutions used were 0.5 per cent bupivacaine HCl , 2 per cent lidocaine HCl , and lidocaine-bupivacaine mixtures in the ratios of 1:3 , 1:1 or 3:1 by volume . Onset and complete spread of sensory blockade were similar in all five groups . Time to regression to two segments of partial and complete sensory blockade was positively correlated ( P less than 0.05 ) with increasing dose of bupivacaine in the solutions and ranged from 84 min ( partial ) and 70 min ( complete ) for lidocaine , to 128 min ( partial ) and 101 min ( complete ) for bupivacaine . Using skin temperature as a criterion of sympathetic blockade , all three mixtures demonstrated a duration of action intermediate between the two single drugs , lidocaine ( 124 +/- 13 min ) and bupivacaine ( 286 +/- 32 min ) . Onset of complete motor blockade was fastest and the degree of motor blockade was most profound with the mixture containing equal proportions of lidocaine and bupivacaine . Pharmacokinetics of individual drugs were unaltered in any of the mixtures .

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[ "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Condition", "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Mental", "Outcome_Other", "Participant_Sample-size" ]

transthoracic echocardiographic detection is a Outcome_Other, of patent foramen ovale is a Outcome_Physical, precordial echocardiographic detection is a Outcome_Other, atrial defects is a Outcome_Physical, Transthoracic contrast examinations is a Intervention_Physical, contrast agent injections ( 10 ml dextrose in water/0.25 ml air ) is a Intervention_Pharmacological, Catheterization is a Outcome_Other, assessment of patent foramen ovale is a Outcome_Physical, intensity of left ventricular opacification is a Outcome_Other, sensitive is a Outcome_Physical, Femoral vein contrast delivery is a Intervention_Physical, ability of precordial contrast echocardiography to diagnose patent foramen ovale . is a Outcome_Other

84799_task0

Sentence: Femoral vein delivery of contrast medium enhances transthoracic echocardiographic detection of patent foramen ovale . OBJECTIVES We postulated that femoral vein delivery of contrast medium because of streaming , might enhance precordial echocardiographic detection of patent foramen ovale . BACKGROUND Although precordial contrast echocardiography is widely used to diagnose patent foramen ovale , this method is limited by poor sensitivity . Previous investigators have demonstrated enhanced detection of atrial defects by the dye-dilution technique after delivery of contrast medium into the inferior rather than the superior vena cava . METHODS Transthoracic contrast examinations were performed in a randomly selected group of 70 patients ( without previous history of cerebral or systemic embolus ) undergoing cardiac catheterization . Paired contrast agent injections ( 10 ml dextrose in water/0.25 ml air ) were administered from an upper extremity vein and femoral vein in each patient during spontaneous respiration , cough and Valsalva maneuvers . Studies were interpreted by an experienced echocardiographer unaware of the sequence and site of injections . Positive studies were semiquantitatively graded from +1 ( minimal left ventricular opacification ) to +4 ( intense left ventricular opacification ) . Catheterization and echocardiographic assessment of patent foramen ovale were compared in 21 subjects . RESULTS Patent foramen ovale was detected significantly more often during femoral vein versus upper extremity contrast delivery ( 23 of 70 patients [ prevalence 33 % ] vs. 9 of 70 patients [ prevalence 13 % ] , p < 0.001 ) . The intensity of left ventricular opacification was also greater during femoral vein contrast injection . Precordial echocardiography combined with femoral contrast delivery was significantly more sensitive than cardiac catheterization for assessment of patent foramen ovale ( 8 of 21 patients vs. 2 of 21 patients , p < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS Femoral vein contrast delivery significantly enhances the ability of precordial contrast echocardiography to diagnose patent foramen ovale . Physiologic patency of the foramen ovale is more common ( prevalence 33 % ) than previously documented . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Physical, Outcome_Other, Intervention_Pharmacological, Outcome_Physical

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Femoral vein delivery of contrast medium enhances transthoracic echocardiographic detection of patent foramen ovale . OBJECTIVES We postulated that femoral vein delivery of contrast medium because of streaming , might enhance precordial echocardiographic detection of patent foramen ovale . BACKGROUND Although precordial contrast echocardiography is widely used to diagnose patent foramen ovale , this method is limited by poor sensitivity . Previous investigators have demonstrated enhanced detection of atrial defects by the dye-dilution technique after delivery of contrast medium into the inferior rather than the superior vena cava . METHODS Transthoracic contrast examinations were performed in a randomly selected group of 70 patients ( without previous history of cerebral or systemic embolus ) undergoing cardiac catheterization . Paired contrast agent injections ( 10 ml dextrose in water/0.25 ml air ) were administered from an upper extremity vein and femoral vein in each patient during spontaneous respiration , cough and Valsalva maneuvers . Studies were interpreted by an experienced echocardiographer unaware of the sequence and site of injections . Positive studies were semiquantitatively graded from +1 ( minimal left ventricular opacification ) to +4 ( intense left ventricular opacification ) . Catheterization and echocardiographic assessment of patent foramen ovale were compared in 21 subjects . RESULTS Patent foramen ovale was detected significantly more often during femoral vein versus upper extremity contrast delivery ( 23 of 70 patients [ prevalence 33 % ] vs. 9 of 70 patients [ prevalence 13 % ] , p < 0.001 ) . The intensity of left ventricular opacification was also greater during femoral vein contrast injection . Precordial echocardiography combined with femoral contrast delivery was significantly more sensitive than cardiac catheterization for assessment of patent foramen ovale ( 8 of 21 patients vs. 2 of 21 patients , p < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS Femoral vein contrast delivery significantly enhances the ability of precordial contrast echocardiography to diagnose patent foramen ovale . Physiologic patency of the foramen ovale is more common ( prevalence 33 % ) than previously documented .

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[ "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Intervention_Physical", "Outcome_Physical" ]

transthoracic echocardiographic detection is a Outcome_Other, of patent foramen ovale is a Outcome_Physical, precordial echocardiographic detection is a Outcome_Other, atrial defects is a Outcome_Physical, Transthoracic contrast examinations is a Intervention_Physical, contrast agent injections ( 10 ml dextrose in water/0.25 ml air ) is a Intervention_Pharmacological, Catheterization is a Outcome_Other, assessment of patent foramen ovale is a Outcome_Physical, intensity of left ventricular opacification is a Outcome_Other, sensitive is a Outcome_Physical, Femoral vein contrast delivery is a Intervention_Physical, ability of precordial contrast echocardiography to diagnose patent foramen ovale . is a Outcome_Other

84799_task1

Sentence: Femoral vein delivery of contrast medium enhances transthoracic echocardiographic detection of patent foramen ovale . OBJECTIVES We postulated that femoral vein delivery of contrast medium because of streaming , might enhance precordial echocardiographic detection of patent foramen ovale . BACKGROUND Although precordial contrast echocardiography is widely used to diagnose patent foramen ovale , this method is limited by poor sensitivity . Previous investigators have demonstrated enhanced detection of atrial defects by the dye-dilution technique after delivery of contrast medium into the inferior rather than the superior vena cava . METHODS Transthoracic contrast examinations were performed in a randomly selected group of 70 patients ( without previous history of cerebral or systemic embolus ) undergoing cardiac catheterization . Paired contrast agent injections ( 10 ml dextrose in water/0.25 ml air ) were administered from an upper extremity vein and femoral vein in each patient during spontaneous respiration , cough and Valsalva maneuvers . Studies were interpreted by an experienced echocardiographer unaware of the sequence and site of injections . Positive studies were semiquantitatively graded from +1 ( minimal left ventricular opacification ) to +4 ( intense left ventricular opacification ) . Catheterization and echocardiographic assessment of patent foramen ovale were compared in 21 subjects . RESULTS Patent foramen ovale was detected significantly more often during femoral vein versus upper extremity contrast delivery ( 23 of 70 patients [ prevalence 33 % ] vs. 9 of 70 patients [ prevalence 13 % ] , p < 0.001 ) . The intensity of left ventricular opacification was also greater during femoral vein contrast injection . Precordial echocardiography combined with femoral contrast delivery was significantly more sensitive than cardiac catheterization for assessment of patent foramen ovale ( 8 of 21 patients vs. 2 of 21 patients , p < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS Femoral vein contrast delivery significantly enhances the ability of precordial contrast echocardiography to diagnose patent foramen ovale . Physiologic patency of the foramen ovale is more common ( prevalence 33 % ) than previously documented . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: transthoracic echocardiographic detection, of patent foramen ovale, precordial echocardiographic detection, atrial defects, Transthoracic contrast examinations, contrast agent injections ( 10 ml dextrose in water/0.25 ml air ), Catheterization, assessment of patent foramen ovale, intensity of left ventricular opacification, sensitive, Femoral vein contrast delivery, ability of precordial contrast echocardiography to diagnose patent foramen ovale . Options: Intervention_Physical, Outcome_Other, Intervention_Pharmacological, Outcome_Physical

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Femoral vein delivery of contrast medium enhances transthoracic echocardiographic detection of patent foramen ovale . OBJECTIVES We postulated that femoral vein delivery of contrast medium because of streaming , might enhance precordial echocardiographic detection of patent foramen ovale . BACKGROUND Although precordial contrast echocardiography is widely used to diagnose patent foramen ovale , this method is limited by poor sensitivity . Previous investigators have demonstrated enhanced detection of atrial defects by the dye-dilution technique after delivery of contrast medium into the inferior rather than the superior vena cava . METHODS Transthoracic contrast examinations were performed in a randomly selected group of 70 patients ( without previous history of cerebral or systemic embolus ) undergoing cardiac catheterization . Paired contrast agent injections ( 10 ml dextrose in water/0.25 ml air ) were administered from an upper extremity vein and femoral vein in each patient during spontaneous respiration , cough and Valsalva maneuvers . Studies were interpreted by an experienced echocardiographer unaware of the sequence and site of injections . Positive studies were semiquantitatively graded from +1 ( minimal left ventricular opacification ) to +4 ( intense left ventricular opacification ) . Catheterization and echocardiographic assessment of patent foramen ovale were compared in 21 subjects . RESULTS Patent foramen ovale was detected significantly more often during femoral vein versus upper extremity contrast delivery ( 23 of 70 patients [ prevalence 33 % ] vs. 9 of 70 patients [ prevalence 13 % ] , p < 0.001 ) . The intensity of left ventricular opacification was also greater during femoral vein contrast injection . Precordial echocardiography combined with femoral contrast delivery was significantly more sensitive than cardiac catheterization for assessment of patent foramen ovale ( 8 of 21 patients vs. 2 of 21 patients , p < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS Femoral vein contrast delivery significantly enhances the ability of precordial contrast echocardiography to diagnose patent foramen ovale . Physiologic patency of the foramen ovale is more common ( prevalence 33 % ) than previously documented .

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[ "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Intervention_Physical", "Outcome_Physical" ]

transthoracic echocardiographic detection, of patent foramen ovale, precordial echocardiographic detection, atrial defects, Transthoracic contrast examinations, contrast agent injections ( 10 ml dextrose in water/0.25 ml air ), Catheterization, assessment of patent foramen ovale, intensity of left ventricular opacification, sensitive, Femoral vein contrast delivery, ability of precordial contrast echocardiography to diagnose patent foramen ovale .

84799_task2

Sentence: Femoral vein delivery of contrast medium enhances transthoracic echocardiographic detection of patent foramen ovale . OBJECTIVES We postulated that femoral vein delivery of contrast medium because of streaming , might enhance precordial echocardiographic detection of patent foramen ovale . BACKGROUND Although precordial contrast echocardiography is widely used to diagnose patent foramen ovale , this method is limited by poor sensitivity . Previous investigators have demonstrated enhanced detection of atrial defects by the dye-dilution technique after delivery of contrast medium into the inferior rather than the superior vena cava . METHODS Transthoracic contrast examinations were performed in a randomly selected group of 70 patients ( without previous history of cerebral or systemic embolus ) undergoing cardiac catheterization . Paired contrast agent injections ( 10 ml dextrose in water/0.25 ml air ) were administered from an upper extremity vein and femoral vein in each patient during spontaneous respiration , cough and Valsalva maneuvers . Studies were interpreted by an experienced echocardiographer unaware of the sequence and site of injections . Positive studies were semiquantitatively graded from +1 ( minimal left ventricular opacification ) to +4 ( intense left ventricular opacification ) . Catheterization and echocardiographic assessment of patent foramen ovale were compared in 21 subjects . RESULTS Patent foramen ovale was detected significantly more often during femoral vein versus upper extremity contrast delivery ( 23 of 70 patients [ prevalence 33 % ] vs. 9 of 70 patients [ prevalence 13 % ] , p < 0.001 ) . The intensity of left ventricular opacification was also greater during femoral vein contrast injection . Precordial echocardiography combined with femoral contrast delivery was significantly more sensitive than cardiac catheterization for assessment of patent foramen ovale ( 8 of 21 patients vs. 2 of 21 patients , p < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS Femoral vein contrast delivery significantly enhances the ability of precordial contrast echocardiography to diagnose patent foramen ovale . Physiologic patency of the foramen ovale is more common ( prevalence 33 % ) than previously documented . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Femoral vein delivery of contrast medium enhances transthoracic echocardiographic detection of patent foramen ovale . OBJECTIVES We postulated that femoral vein delivery of contrast medium because of streaming , might enhance precordial echocardiographic detection of patent foramen ovale . BACKGROUND Although precordial contrast echocardiography is widely used to diagnose patent foramen ovale , this method is limited by poor sensitivity . Previous investigators have demonstrated enhanced detection of atrial defects by the dye-dilution technique after delivery of contrast medium into the inferior rather than the superior vena cava . METHODS Transthoracic contrast examinations were performed in a randomly selected group of 70 patients ( without previous history of cerebral or systemic embolus ) undergoing cardiac catheterization . Paired contrast agent injections ( 10 ml dextrose in water/0.25 ml air ) were administered from an upper extremity vein and femoral vein in each patient during spontaneous respiration , cough and Valsalva maneuvers . Studies were interpreted by an experienced echocardiographer unaware of the sequence and site of injections . Positive studies were semiquantitatively graded from +1 ( minimal left ventricular opacification ) to +4 ( intense left ventricular opacification ) . Catheterization and echocardiographic assessment of patent foramen ovale were compared in 21 subjects . RESULTS Patent foramen ovale was detected significantly more often during femoral vein versus upper extremity contrast delivery ( 23 of 70 patients [ prevalence 33 % ] vs. 9 of 70 patients [ prevalence 13 % ] , p < 0.001 ) . The intensity of left ventricular opacification was also greater during femoral vein contrast injection . Precordial echocardiography combined with femoral contrast delivery was significantly more sensitive than cardiac catheterization for assessment of patent foramen ovale ( 8 of 21 patients vs. 2 of 21 patients , p < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS Femoral vein contrast delivery significantly enhances the ability of precordial contrast echocardiography to diagnose patent foramen ovale . Physiologic patency of the foramen ovale is more common ( prevalence 33 % ) than previously documented .

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[ "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Intervention_Physical", "Outcome_Physical" ]

aspartyl beta - hydroxylase is a Protein, aspartic acid is a Entity, factor IX is a Protein, aspartyl beta - hydroxylase is a Protein, factor X is a Protein, factor X is a Protein, aspartate is a Entity, factor IX is a Protein, X is a Protein, factors IX is a Protein

150_task0

Sentence: Partial purification and characterization of bovine liver aspartyl beta-hydroxylase. In vitro hydroxylation of aspartic acid has recently been demonstrated in a synthetic peptide based on the structure of the first epidermal growth factor domain in human factor IX (Gronke, R. S., VanDusen, W. J., Garsky, V. M., Jacobs, J. W., Sardana, M. K., Stern, A. M., and Friedman, P. A. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86, 3609-3613). The putative enzyme responsible for the posttranslational modification, aspartyl beta-hydroxylase, has been shown to be a member of a class of 2-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, which include prolyl-4- and lysyl-hydroxylases. In the present study, we describe the solubilization with nonionic detergent of the enzyme from bovine liver microsomes and its purification using DEAE-cellulose followed by heparin-Sepharose. No additional detergent was required during purification. The partially purified enzyme preparation was found to contain no prolyl-4- or lysyl-hydroxylase activity. Using a synthetic peptide based on the structure of the epidermal growth factor-like region in human factor X as substrate, the apparent Km values for iron and alpha-ketoglutarate were 3 and 5 microM, respectively. The enzyme hydroxylated the factor X peptide with the same stereospecificity (erythro beta-hydroxyaspartic acid) and occurred only at the aspartate corresponding to the position seen in vivo. Furthermore, the extent to which either peptide (factor IX or X) was hydroxylated reflected the extent of hydroxylation observed for both human plasma factors IX and X. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Entity, Protein

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Partial purification and characterization of bovine liver aspartyl beta-hydroxylase. In vitro hydroxylation of aspartic acid has recently been demonstrated in a synthetic peptide based on the structure of the first epidermal growth factor domain in human factor IX (Gronke, R. S., VanDusen, W. J., Garsky, V. M., Jacobs, J. W., Sardana, M. K., Stern, A. M., and Friedman, P. A. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86, 3609-3613). The putative enzyme responsible for the posttranslational modification, aspartyl beta-hydroxylase, has been shown to be a member of a class of 2-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, which include prolyl-4- and lysyl-hydroxylases. In the present study, we describe the solubilization with nonionic detergent of the enzyme from bovine liver microsomes and its purification using DEAE-cellulose followed by heparin-Sepharose. No additional detergent was required during purification. The partially purified enzyme preparation was found to contain no prolyl-4- or lysyl-hydroxylase activity. Using a synthetic peptide based on the structure of the epidermal growth factor-like region in human factor X as substrate, the apparent Km values for iron and alpha-ketoglutarate were 3 and 5 microM, respectively. The enzyme hydroxylated the factor X peptide with the same stereospecificity (erythro beta-hydroxyaspartic acid) and occurred only at the aspartate corresponding to the position seen in vivo. Furthermore, the extent to which either peptide (factor IX or X) was hydroxylated reflected the extent of hydroxylation observed for both human plasma factors IX and X.

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[ "Protein", "Entity" ]

aspartyl beta - hydroxylase is a Protein, aspartic acid is a Entity, factor IX is a Protein, aspartyl beta - hydroxylase is a Protein, factor X is a Protein, factor X is a Protein, aspartate is a Entity, factor IX is a Protein, X is a Protein, factors IX is a Protein

150_task1

Sentence: Partial purification and characterization of bovine liver aspartyl beta-hydroxylase. In vitro hydroxylation of aspartic acid has recently been demonstrated in a synthetic peptide based on the structure of the first epidermal growth factor domain in human factor IX (Gronke, R. S., VanDusen, W. J., Garsky, V. M., Jacobs, J. W., Sardana, M. K., Stern, A. M., and Friedman, P. A. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86, 3609-3613). The putative enzyme responsible for the posttranslational modification, aspartyl beta-hydroxylase, has been shown to be a member of a class of 2-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, which include prolyl-4- and lysyl-hydroxylases. In the present study, we describe the solubilization with nonionic detergent of the enzyme from bovine liver microsomes and its purification using DEAE-cellulose followed by heparin-Sepharose. No additional detergent was required during purification. The partially purified enzyme preparation was found to contain no prolyl-4- or lysyl-hydroxylase activity. Using a synthetic peptide based on the structure of the epidermal growth factor-like region in human factor X as substrate, the apparent Km values for iron and alpha-ketoglutarate were 3 and 5 microM, respectively. The enzyme hydroxylated the factor X peptide with the same stereospecificity (erythro beta-hydroxyaspartic acid) and occurred only at the aspartate corresponding to the position seen in vivo. Furthermore, the extent to which either peptide (factor IX or X) was hydroxylated reflected the extent of hydroxylation observed for both human plasma factors IX and X. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: aspartyl beta - hydroxylase, aspartic acid, factor IX, aspartyl beta - hydroxylase, factor X, factor X, aspartate, factor IX, X, factors IX Options: Entity, Protein

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Partial purification and characterization of bovine liver aspartyl beta-hydroxylase. In vitro hydroxylation of aspartic acid has recently been demonstrated in a synthetic peptide based on the structure of the first epidermal growth factor domain in human factor IX (Gronke, R. S., VanDusen, W. J., Garsky, V. M., Jacobs, J. W., Sardana, M. K., Stern, A. M., and Friedman, P. A. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86, 3609-3613). The putative enzyme responsible for the posttranslational modification, aspartyl beta-hydroxylase, has been shown to be a member of a class of 2-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, which include prolyl-4- and lysyl-hydroxylases. In the present study, we describe the solubilization with nonionic detergent of the enzyme from bovine liver microsomes and its purification using DEAE-cellulose followed by heparin-Sepharose. No additional detergent was required during purification. The partially purified enzyme preparation was found to contain no prolyl-4- or lysyl-hydroxylase activity. Using a synthetic peptide based on the structure of the epidermal growth factor-like region in human factor X as substrate, the apparent Km values for iron and alpha-ketoglutarate were 3 and 5 microM, respectively. The enzyme hydroxylated the factor X peptide with the same stereospecificity (erythro beta-hydroxyaspartic acid) and occurred only at the aspartate corresponding to the position seen in vivo. Furthermore, the extent to which either peptide (factor IX or X) was hydroxylated reflected the extent of hydroxylation observed for both human plasma factors IX and X.

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[ "Protein", "Entity" ]

aspartyl beta - hydroxylase, aspartic acid, factor IX, aspartyl beta - hydroxylase, factor X, factor X, aspartate, factor IX, X, factors IX

150_task2

Sentence: Partial purification and characterization of bovine liver aspartyl beta-hydroxylase. In vitro hydroxylation of aspartic acid has recently been demonstrated in a synthetic peptide based on the structure of the first epidermal growth factor domain in human factor IX (Gronke, R. S., VanDusen, W. J., Garsky, V. M., Jacobs, J. W., Sardana, M. K., Stern, A. M., and Friedman, P. A. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86, 3609-3613). The putative enzyme responsible for the posttranslational modification, aspartyl beta-hydroxylase, has been shown to be a member of a class of 2-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, which include prolyl-4- and lysyl-hydroxylases. In the present study, we describe the solubilization with nonionic detergent of the enzyme from bovine liver microsomes and its purification using DEAE-cellulose followed by heparin-Sepharose. No additional detergent was required during purification. The partially purified enzyme preparation was found to contain no prolyl-4- or lysyl-hydroxylase activity. Using a synthetic peptide based on the structure of the epidermal growth factor-like region in human factor X as substrate, the apparent Km values for iron and alpha-ketoglutarate were 3 and 5 microM, respectively. The enzyme hydroxylated the factor X peptide with the same stereospecificity (erythro beta-hydroxyaspartic acid) and occurred only at the aspartate corresponding to the position seen in vivo. Furthermore, the extent to which either peptide (factor IX or X) was hydroxylated reflected the extent of hydroxylation observed for both human plasma factors IX and X. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Partial purification and characterization of bovine liver aspartyl beta-hydroxylase. In vitro hydroxylation of aspartic acid has recently been demonstrated in a synthetic peptide based on the structure of the first epidermal growth factor domain in human factor IX (Gronke, R. S., VanDusen, W. J., Garsky, V. M., Jacobs, J. W., Sardana, M. K., Stern, A. M., and Friedman, P. A. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86, 3609-3613). The putative enzyme responsible for the posttranslational modification, aspartyl beta-hydroxylase, has been shown to be a member of a class of 2-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, which include prolyl-4- and lysyl-hydroxylases. In the present study, we describe the solubilization with nonionic detergent of the enzyme from bovine liver microsomes and its purification using DEAE-cellulose followed by heparin-Sepharose. No additional detergent was required during purification. The partially purified enzyme preparation was found to contain no prolyl-4- or lysyl-hydroxylase activity. Using a synthetic peptide based on the structure of the epidermal growth factor-like region in human factor X as substrate, the apparent Km values for iron and alpha-ketoglutarate were 3 and 5 microM, respectively. The enzyme hydroxylated the factor X peptide with the same stereospecificity (erythro beta-hydroxyaspartic acid) and occurred only at the aspartate corresponding to the position seen in vivo. Furthermore, the extent to which either peptide (factor IX or X) was hydroxylated reflected the extent of hydroxylation observed for both human plasma factors IX and X.

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[ "Protein", "Entity" ]

patients is an umlsterm, achondroplasia is an umlsterm, patient is an umlsterm, Apert syndrome is an umlsterm, surgical is an umlsterm, humerus is an umlsterm, bone is an umlsterm, deformity is an umlsterm, external fixator is an umlsterm, humerus is an umlsterm, osteotomy is an umlsterm, deformity is an umlsterm, bone is an umlsterm, period is an umlsterm, deformity is an umlsterm, humerus is an umlsterm, external fixator is an umlsterm, overall is an umlsterm, treatment is an umlsterm, time is an umlsterm, index is an umlsterm, elbow is an umlsterm, deformity is an umlsterm, treatment is an umlsterm, function is an umlsterm, arms is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, humeri is an umlsterm

DerOrthopaede.00290058.eng.abstr_task0

Sentence: Nine patients with achondroplasia and one patient with Apert syndrome underwent the surgical lengthening of both humerus and simultaneous correction of both associated bone deformity . An unilateral external fixator was applied to the lateral aspect of the humerus with four half-pins and percutaneous predrilling osteotomy was performed at the apex of flexion deformity of the bone . During the waiting period before distraction , the flexion deformity of the distal humerus was corrected using an additional external fixator . Slow gradual distraction was subsequently carried out at a rate of 0.25 mm every 6 hours . The average lengthening was 8 cm ( range 7.5 to 9 cm ) , the overall treatment time 312 days ( range 192 to 406 days ) , and the average healing index 39.0 days/cm . The average correction of the elbow flexion deformity was 20 degrees . We believe this treatment is useful to improve the function of the arms and the activity of daily living for the patients with bilateral short humeri . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

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Nine patients with achondroplasia and one patient with Apert syndrome underwent the surgical lengthening of both humerus and simultaneous correction of both associated bone deformity . An unilateral external fixator was applied to the lateral aspect of the humerus with four half-pins and percutaneous predrilling osteotomy was performed at the apex of flexion deformity of the bone . During the waiting period before distraction , the flexion deformity of the distal humerus was corrected using an additional external fixator . Slow gradual distraction was subsequently carried out at a rate of 0.25 mm every 6 hours . The average lengthening was 8 cm ( range 7.5 to 9 cm ) , the overall treatment time 312 days ( range 192 to 406 days ) , and the average healing index 39.0 days/cm . The average correction of the elbow flexion deformity was 20 degrees . We believe this treatment is useful to improve the function of the arms and the activity of daily living for the patients with bilateral short humeri .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

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DerOrthopaede.00290058.eng.abstr_task1

Sentence: Nine patients with achondroplasia and one patient with Apert syndrome underwent the surgical lengthening of both humerus and simultaneous correction of both associated bone deformity . An unilateral external fixator was applied to the lateral aspect of the humerus with four half-pins and percutaneous predrilling osteotomy was performed at the apex of flexion deformity of the bone . During the waiting period before distraction , the flexion deformity of the distal humerus was corrected using an additional external fixator . Slow gradual distraction was subsequently carried out at a rate of 0.25 mm every 6 hours . The average lengthening was 8 cm ( range 7.5 to 9 cm ) , the overall treatment time 312 days ( range 192 to 406 days ) , and the average healing index 39.0 days/cm . The average correction of the elbow flexion deformity was 20 degrees . We believe this treatment is useful to improve the function of the arms and the activity of daily living for the patients with bilateral short humeri . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: patients, achondroplasia, patient, Apert syndrome, surgical, humerus, bone, deformity, external fixator, humerus, osteotomy, deformity, bone, period, deformity, humerus, external fixator, overall, treatment, time, index, elbow, deformity, treatment, function, arms, patients, humeri Options: umlsterm

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Nine patients with achondroplasia and one patient with Apert syndrome underwent the surgical lengthening of both humerus and simultaneous correction of both associated bone deformity . An unilateral external fixator was applied to the lateral aspect of the humerus with four half-pins and percutaneous predrilling osteotomy was performed at the apex of flexion deformity of the bone . During the waiting period before distraction , the flexion deformity of the distal humerus was corrected using an additional external fixator . Slow gradual distraction was subsequently carried out at a rate of 0.25 mm every 6 hours . The average lengthening was 8 cm ( range 7.5 to 9 cm ) , the overall treatment time 312 days ( range 192 to 406 days ) , and the average healing index 39.0 days/cm . The average correction of the elbow flexion deformity was 20 degrees . We believe this treatment is useful to improve the function of the arms and the activity of daily living for the patients with bilateral short humeri .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

patients, achondroplasia, patient, Apert syndrome, surgical, humerus, bone, deformity, external fixator, humerus, osteotomy, deformity, bone, period, deformity, humerus, external fixator, overall, treatment, time, index, elbow, deformity, treatment, function, arms, patients, humeri

DerOrthopaede.00290058.eng.abstr_task2

Sentence: Nine patients with achondroplasia and one patient with Apert syndrome underwent the surgical lengthening of both humerus and simultaneous correction of both associated bone deformity . An unilateral external fixator was applied to the lateral aspect of the humerus with four half-pins and percutaneous predrilling osteotomy was performed at the apex of flexion deformity of the bone . During the waiting period before distraction , the flexion deformity of the distal humerus was corrected using an additional external fixator . Slow gradual distraction was subsequently carried out at a rate of 0.25 mm every 6 hours . The average lengthening was 8 cm ( range 7.5 to 9 cm ) , the overall treatment time 312 days ( range 192 to 406 days ) , and the average healing index 39.0 days/cm . The average correction of the elbow flexion deformity was 20 degrees . We believe this treatment is useful to improve the function of the arms and the activity of daily living for the patients with bilateral short humeri . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Nine patients with achondroplasia and one patient with Apert syndrome underwent the surgical lengthening of both humerus and simultaneous correction of both associated bone deformity . An unilateral external fixator was applied to the lateral aspect of the humerus with four half-pins and percutaneous predrilling osteotomy was performed at the apex of flexion deformity of the bone . During the waiting period before distraction , the flexion deformity of the distal humerus was corrected using an additional external fixator . Slow gradual distraction was subsequently carried out at a rate of 0.25 mm every 6 hours . The average lengthening was 8 cm ( range 7.5 to 9 cm ) , the overall treatment time 312 days ( range 192 to 406 days ) , and the average healing index 39.0 days/cm . The average correction of the elbow flexion deformity was 20 degrees . We believe this treatment is useful to improve the function of the arms and the activity of daily living for the patients with bilateral short humeri .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

PH is a protein-domain, PI3 K is a protein-family

1.0alpha7.train.66_task0

Sentence: We predict that these PH domains will also bind PI3K products with high affinity, but this has not yet been tested or was inconclusive. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: protein-domain, protein-family

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein-domain", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein-family", "I-protein-family", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

We predict that these PH domains will also bind PI3K products with high affinity, but this has not yet been tested or was inconclusive.

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[ "protein-family", "protein-domain" ]

PH is a protein-domain, PI3 K is a protein-family

1.0alpha7.train.66_task1

Sentence: We predict that these PH domains will also bind PI3K products with high affinity, but this has not yet been tested or was inconclusive. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: PH, PI3 K Options: protein-domain, protein-family

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein-domain", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein-family", "I-protein-family", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

We predict that these PH domains will also bind PI3K products with high affinity, but this has not yet been tested or was inconclusive.

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[ "protein-family", "protein-domain" ]

PH, PI3 K

1.0alpha7.train.66_task2

Sentence: We predict that these PH domains will also bind PI3K products with high affinity, but this has not yet been tested or was inconclusive. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein-domain", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein-family", "I-protein-family", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

We predict that these PH domains will also bind PI3K products with high affinity, but this has not yet been tested or was inconclusive.

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[ "protein-family", "protein-domain" ]

Dissoziationen is an umlsterm, selbst is an umlsterm, Band is an umlsterm, Handwurzelreihe is an umlsterm, maennliche is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Handgelenkteilversteifung is an umlsterm, Schmerzevaluation is an umlsterm, Schmerzanalogskala is an umlsterm, Lebensqualitaet is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Schmerzreduktion is an umlsterm, Handgelenks is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Arbeitsplatz is an umlsterm, Gelenkflaechen is an umlsterm, Handgelenk is an umlsterm, Lebensqualitaet is an umlsterm, Handgelenkversteifung is an umlsterm

DerUnfallchirurg.01030564.ger.abstr_task0

Sentence: Veraltete Kahnbeinpseudarthrosen fuehren unbehandelt langfristig zum SNAC wrist ( scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse ) , aeltere skapholunaere Dissoziationen zum SLAC wrist ( scapholunate advanced collapse ) . Der entstandene fortgeschrittene karpale Kollaps laeuft stadienhaft ( Stadium I-III ) ab und kann operativ stadiengerecht behandelt werden . In den Stadien II oder III sind rekonstruktive Massnahmen am Skaphoid selbst oder dem skapholunaeren Band nicht mehr sinnvoll . Hier sollten alternative bewegungserhaltende Verfahren wie die Entfernung der proximalen Handwurzelreihe oder die mediokarpale Teilarthrodese in Betracht gezogen werden . In einer retrospektiven Studie konnten 31 maennliche Patienten ( Durchschnittsalter 41 Jahre ) , die zwischen 1993 und 1997 wegen SNAC/SLAC wrist eine Handgelenkteilversteifung ( mediokarpale Teilarthrodese ) erhielten , nachuntersucht werden . Der durchschnittliche Nachbeobachtungszeitraum lag bei 15 Monaten . Beweglichkeit und Kraft wurden mit dem Dexter-System gemessen . Die Schmerzevaluation erfolge mit einer visuellen Schmerzanalogskala ( VAS 0-100 ) . Die Evaluation des subjektiven Befindens und der Lebensqualitaet der Patienten erfolgte mit dem DASH-Fragebogen . Postoperative Beweglichkeit und Kraft betrugen 50 bzw. 60% der Gegenseite . Die Schmerzreduktion betrug postoperativ 60% im Vergleich zur praeoperativen Situation . Der DASH-Wert lag bei 39 Punkten . In 4 Faellen wurde wegen persistierender Beschwerden bzw. Pseudarthrosenbildung im Bereich der Teilarthrodesen eine Komplettversteifung des Handgelenks vorgenommen ; 80% der Patienten kehrten wieder an ihren alten Arbeitsplatz zurueck . Bei erfolgreicher Korrektur der Achsenfehlstellungen und Beseitigung der arthrotischen Gelenkflaechen sind die klinischen Resultate nach mediokarpaler Teilarthrodese zuverlaessig . Der DASH-Wert rechtfertigt die Erhaltung einer Restbeweglichkeit am Handgelenk hinsichtlich subjektiver Lebensqualitaet und Durchfuehrung alltaeglicher Taetigkeiten . Die komplette Handgelenkversteifung bleibt als letzte Rueckzugsmoeglichkeit . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

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Veraltete Kahnbeinpseudarthrosen fuehren unbehandelt langfristig zum SNAC wrist ( scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse ) , aeltere skapholunaere Dissoziationen zum SLAC wrist ( scapholunate advanced collapse ) . Der entstandene fortgeschrittene karpale Kollaps laeuft stadienhaft ( Stadium I-III ) ab und kann operativ stadiengerecht behandelt werden . In den Stadien II oder III sind rekonstruktive Massnahmen am Skaphoid selbst oder dem skapholunaeren Band nicht mehr sinnvoll . Hier sollten alternative bewegungserhaltende Verfahren wie die Entfernung der proximalen Handwurzelreihe oder die mediokarpale Teilarthrodese in Betracht gezogen werden . In einer retrospektiven Studie konnten 31 maennliche Patienten ( Durchschnittsalter 41 Jahre ) , die zwischen 1993 und 1997 wegen SNAC/SLAC wrist eine Handgelenkteilversteifung ( mediokarpale Teilarthrodese ) erhielten , nachuntersucht werden . Der durchschnittliche Nachbeobachtungszeitraum lag bei 15 Monaten . Beweglichkeit und Kraft wurden mit dem Dexter-System gemessen . Die Schmerzevaluation erfolge mit einer visuellen Schmerzanalogskala ( VAS 0-100 ) . Die Evaluation des subjektiven Befindens und der Lebensqualitaet der Patienten erfolgte mit dem DASH-Fragebogen . Postoperative Beweglichkeit und Kraft betrugen 50 bzw. 60% der Gegenseite . Die Schmerzreduktion betrug postoperativ 60% im Vergleich zur praeoperativen Situation . Der DASH-Wert lag bei 39 Punkten . In 4 Faellen wurde wegen persistierender Beschwerden bzw. Pseudarthrosenbildung im Bereich der Teilarthrodesen eine Komplettversteifung des Handgelenks vorgenommen ; 80% der Patienten kehrten wieder an ihren alten Arbeitsplatz zurueck . Bei erfolgreicher Korrektur der Achsenfehlstellungen und Beseitigung der arthrotischen Gelenkflaechen sind die klinischen Resultate nach mediokarpaler Teilarthrodese zuverlaessig . Der DASH-Wert rechtfertigt die Erhaltung einer Restbeweglichkeit am Handgelenk hinsichtlich subjektiver Lebensqualitaet und Durchfuehrung alltaeglicher Taetigkeiten . Die komplette Handgelenkversteifung bleibt als letzte Rueckzugsmoeglichkeit .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Dissoziationen is an umlsterm, selbst is an umlsterm, Band is an umlsterm, Handwurzelreihe is an umlsterm, maennliche is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Handgelenkteilversteifung is an umlsterm, Schmerzevaluation is an umlsterm, Schmerzanalogskala is an umlsterm, Lebensqualitaet is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Schmerzreduktion is an umlsterm, Handgelenks is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Arbeitsplatz is an umlsterm, Gelenkflaechen is an umlsterm, Handgelenk is an umlsterm, Lebensqualitaet is an umlsterm, Handgelenkversteifung is an umlsterm

DerUnfallchirurg.01030564.ger.abstr_task1

Sentence: Veraltete Kahnbeinpseudarthrosen fuehren unbehandelt langfristig zum SNAC wrist ( scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse ) , aeltere skapholunaere Dissoziationen zum SLAC wrist ( scapholunate advanced collapse ) . Der entstandene fortgeschrittene karpale Kollaps laeuft stadienhaft ( Stadium I-III ) ab und kann operativ stadiengerecht behandelt werden . In den Stadien II oder III sind rekonstruktive Massnahmen am Skaphoid selbst oder dem skapholunaeren Band nicht mehr sinnvoll . Hier sollten alternative bewegungserhaltende Verfahren wie die Entfernung der proximalen Handwurzelreihe oder die mediokarpale Teilarthrodese in Betracht gezogen werden . In einer retrospektiven Studie konnten 31 maennliche Patienten ( Durchschnittsalter 41 Jahre ) , die zwischen 1993 und 1997 wegen SNAC/SLAC wrist eine Handgelenkteilversteifung ( mediokarpale Teilarthrodese ) erhielten , nachuntersucht werden . Der durchschnittliche Nachbeobachtungszeitraum lag bei 15 Monaten . Beweglichkeit und Kraft wurden mit dem Dexter-System gemessen . Die Schmerzevaluation erfolge mit einer visuellen Schmerzanalogskala ( VAS 0-100 ) . Die Evaluation des subjektiven Befindens und der Lebensqualitaet der Patienten erfolgte mit dem DASH-Fragebogen . Postoperative Beweglichkeit und Kraft betrugen 50 bzw. 60% der Gegenseite . Die Schmerzreduktion betrug postoperativ 60% im Vergleich zur praeoperativen Situation . Der DASH-Wert lag bei 39 Punkten . In 4 Faellen wurde wegen persistierender Beschwerden bzw. Pseudarthrosenbildung im Bereich der Teilarthrodesen eine Komplettversteifung des Handgelenks vorgenommen ; 80% der Patienten kehrten wieder an ihren alten Arbeitsplatz zurueck . Bei erfolgreicher Korrektur der Achsenfehlstellungen und Beseitigung der arthrotischen Gelenkflaechen sind die klinischen Resultate nach mediokarpaler Teilarthrodese zuverlaessig . Der DASH-Wert rechtfertigt die Erhaltung einer Restbeweglichkeit am Handgelenk hinsichtlich subjektiver Lebensqualitaet und Durchfuehrung alltaeglicher Taetigkeiten . Die komplette Handgelenkversteifung bleibt als letzte Rueckzugsmoeglichkeit . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Dissoziationen, selbst, Band, Handwurzelreihe, maennliche, Patienten, Handgelenkteilversteifung, Schmerzevaluation, Schmerzanalogskala, Lebensqualitaet, Patienten, Schmerzreduktion, Handgelenks, Patienten, Arbeitsplatz, Gelenkflaechen, Handgelenk, Lebensqualitaet, Handgelenkversteifung Options: umlsterm

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Veraltete Kahnbeinpseudarthrosen fuehren unbehandelt langfristig zum SNAC wrist ( scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse ) , aeltere skapholunaere Dissoziationen zum SLAC wrist ( scapholunate advanced collapse ) . Der entstandene fortgeschrittene karpale Kollaps laeuft stadienhaft ( Stadium I-III ) ab und kann operativ stadiengerecht behandelt werden . In den Stadien II oder III sind rekonstruktive Massnahmen am Skaphoid selbst oder dem skapholunaeren Band nicht mehr sinnvoll . Hier sollten alternative bewegungserhaltende Verfahren wie die Entfernung der proximalen Handwurzelreihe oder die mediokarpale Teilarthrodese in Betracht gezogen werden . In einer retrospektiven Studie konnten 31 maennliche Patienten ( Durchschnittsalter 41 Jahre ) , die zwischen 1993 und 1997 wegen SNAC/SLAC wrist eine Handgelenkteilversteifung ( mediokarpale Teilarthrodese ) erhielten , nachuntersucht werden . Der durchschnittliche Nachbeobachtungszeitraum lag bei 15 Monaten . Beweglichkeit und Kraft wurden mit dem Dexter-System gemessen . Die Schmerzevaluation erfolge mit einer visuellen Schmerzanalogskala ( VAS 0-100 ) . Die Evaluation des subjektiven Befindens und der Lebensqualitaet der Patienten erfolgte mit dem DASH-Fragebogen . Postoperative Beweglichkeit und Kraft betrugen 50 bzw. 60% der Gegenseite . Die Schmerzreduktion betrug postoperativ 60% im Vergleich zur praeoperativen Situation . Der DASH-Wert lag bei 39 Punkten . In 4 Faellen wurde wegen persistierender Beschwerden bzw. Pseudarthrosenbildung im Bereich der Teilarthrodesen eine Komplettversteifung des Handgelenks vorgenommen ; 80% der Patienten kehrten wieder an ihren alten Arbeitsplatz zurueck . Bei erfolgreicher Korrektur der Achsenfehlstellungen und Beseitigung der arthrotischen Gelenkflaechen sind die klinischen Resultate nach mediokarpaler Teilarthrodese zuverlaessig . Der DASH-Wert rechtfertigt die Erhaltung einer Restbeweglichkeit am Handgelenk hinsichtlich subjektiver Lebensqualitaet und Durchfuehrung alltaeglicher Taetigkeiten . Die komplette Handgelenkversteifung bleibt als letzte Rueckzugsmoeglichkeit .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

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DerUnfallchirurg.01030564.ger.abstr_task2

Sentence: Veraltete Kahnbeinpseudarthrosen fuehren unbehandelt langfristig zum SNAC wrist ( scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse ) , aeltere skapholunaere Dissoziationen zum SLAC wrist ( scapholunate advanced collapse ) . Der entstandene fortgeschrittene karpale Kollaps laeuft stadienhaft ( Stadium I-III ) ab und kann operativ stadiengerecht behandelt werden . In den Stadien II oder III sind rekonstruktive Massnahmen am Skaphoid selbst oder dem skapholunaeren Band nicht mehr sinnvoll . Hier sollten alternative bewegungserhaltende Verfahren wie die Entfernung der proximalen Handwurzelreihe oder die mediokarpale Teilarthrodese in Betracht gezogen werden . In einer retrospektiven Studie konnten 31 maennliche Patienten ( Durchschnittsalter 41 Jahre ) , die zwischen 1993 und 1997 wegen SNAC/SLAC wrist eine Handgelenkteilversteifung ( mediokarpale Teilarthrodese ) erhielten , nachuntersucht werden . Der durchschnittliche Nachbeobachtungszeitraum lag bei 15 Monaten . Beweglichkeit und Kraft wurden mit dem Dexter-System gemessen . Die Schmerzevaluation erfolge mit einer visuellen Schmerzanalogskala ( VAS 0-100 ) . Die Evaluation des subjektiven Befindens und der Lebensqualitaet der Patienten erfolgte mit dem DASH-Fragebogen . Postoperative Beweglichkeit und Kraft betrugen 50 bzw. 60% der Gegenseite . Die Schmerzreduktion betrug postoperativ 60% im Vergleich zur praeoperativen Situation . Der DASH-Wert lag bei 39 Punkten . In 4 Faellen wurde wegen persistierender Beschwerden bzw. Pseudarthrosenbildung im Bereich der Teilarthrodesen eine Komplettversteifung des Handgelenks vorgenommen ; 80% der Patienten kehrten wieder an ihren alten Arbeitsplatz zurueck . Bei erfolgreicher Korrektur der Achsenfehlstellungen und Beseitigung der arthrotischen Gelenkflaechen sind die klinischen Resultate nach mediokarpaler Teilarthrodese zuverlaessig . Der DASH-Wert rechtfertigt die Erhaltung einer Restbeweglichkeit am Handgelenk hinsichtlich subjektiver Lebensqualitaet und Durchfuehrung alltaeglicher Taetigkeiten . Die komplette Handgelenkversteifung bleibt als letzte Rueckzugsmoeglichkeit . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Veraltete Kahnbeinpseudarthrosen fuehren unbehandelt langfristig zum SNAC wrist ( scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse ) , aeltere skapholunaere Dissoziationen zum SLAC wrist ( scapholunate advanced collapse ) . Der entstandene fortgeschrittene karpale Kollaps laeuft stadienhaft ( Stadium I-III ) ab und kann operativ stadiengerecht behandelt werden . In den Stadien II oder III sind rekonstruktive Massnahmen am Skaphoid selbst oder dem skapholunaeren Band nicht mehr sinnvoll . Hier sollten alternative bewegungserhaltende Verfahren wie die Entfernung der proximalen Handwurzelreihe oder die mediokarpale Teilarthrodese in Betracht gezogen werden . In einer retrospektiven Studie konnten 31 maennliche Patienten ( Durchschnittsalter 41 Jahre ) , die zwischen 1993 und 1997 wegen SNAC/SLAC wrist eine Handgelenkteilversteifung ( mediokarpale Teilarthrodese ) erhielten , nachuntersucht werden . Der durchschnittliche Nachbeobachtungszeitraum lag bei 15 Monaten . Beweglichkeit und Kraft wurden mit dem Dexter-System gemessen . Die Schmerzevaluation erfolge mit einer visuellen Schmerzanalogskala ( VAS 0-100 ) . Die Evaluation des subjektiven Befindens und der Lebensqualitaet der Patienten erfolgte mit dem DASH-Fragebogen . Postoperative Beweglichkeit und Kraft betrugen 50 bzw. 60% der Gegenseite . Die Schmerzreduktion betrug postoperativ 60% im Vergleich zur praeoperativen Situation . Der DASH-Wert lag bei 39 Punkten . In 4 Faellen wurde wegen persistierender Beschwerden bzw. Pseudarthrosenbildung im Bereich der Teilarthrodesen eine Komplettversteifung des Handgelenks vorgenommen ; 80% der Patienten kehrten wieder an ihren alten Arbeitsplatz zurueck . Bei erfolgreicher Korrektur der Achsenfehlstellungen und Beseitigung der arthrotischen Gelenkflaechen sind die klinischen Resultate nach mediokarpaler Teilarthrodese zuverlaessig . Der DASH-Wert rechtfertigt die Erhaltung einer Restbeweglichkeit am Handgelenk hinsichtlich subjektiver Lebensqualitaet und Durchfuehrung alltaeglicher Taetigkeiten . Die komplette Handgelenkversteifung bleibt als letzte Rueckzugsmoeglichkeit .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

DAT is a protein, dopamine is a compound

DS.d324_task0

Sentence: Ultrastructural analysis in the macaque mediodorsal nucleus revealed that thalamic interneurons are a main postsynaptic target of DAT-ir axons ; this suggests that the marked expansion of the dopamine innervation in the primate in comparison to the rodent thalamus may be related to the presence of a sizable interneuron population in primates. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: compound, protein

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Ultrastructural analysis in the macaque mediodorsal nucleus revealed that thalamic interneurons are a main postsynaptic target of DAT-ir axons ; this suggests that the marked expansion of the dopamine innervation in the primate in comparison to the rodent thalamus may be related to the presence of a sizable interneuron population in primates.

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[ "compound", "protein" ]

DAT is a protein, dopamine is a compound

DS.d324_task1

Sentence: Ultrastructural analysis in the macaque mediodorsal nucleus revealed that thalamic interneurons are a main postsynaptic target of DAT-ir axons ; this suggests that the marked expansion of the dopamine innervation in the primate in comparison to the rodent thalamus may be related to the presence of a sizable interneuron population in primates. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: DAT, dopamine Options: compound, protein

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Ultrastructural analysis in the macaque mediodorsal nucleus revealed that thalamic interneurons are a main postsynaptic target of DAT-ir axons ; this suggests that the marked expansion of the dopamine innervation in the primate in comparison to the rodent thalamus may be related to the presence of a sizable interneuron population in primates.

[ "Ultrastructural", "analysis", "in", "the", "macaque", "mediodorsal", "nucleus", "revealed", "that", "thalamic", "interneurons", "are", "a", "main", "postsynaptic", "target", "of", "DAT", "-", "ir", "axons", ";", "this", "suggests", "that", "the", "marked", "expansion", "of", "the", "dopamine", "innervation", "in", "the", "primate", "in", "comparison", "to", "the", "rodent", "thalamus", "may", "be", "related", "to", "the", "presence", "of", "a", "sizable", "interneuron", "population", "in", "primates", "." ]

[ "compound", "protein" ]

DAT, dopamine

DS.d324_task2

Sentence: Ultrastructural analysis in the macaque mediodorsal nucleus revealed that thalamic interneurons are a main postsynaptic target of DAT-ir axons ; this suggests that the marked expansion of the dopamine innervation in the primate in comparison to the rodent thalamus may be related to the presence of a sizable interneuron population in primates. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Ultrastructural analysis in the macaque mediodorsal nucleus revealed that thalamic interneurons are a main postsynaptic target of DAT-ir axons ; this suggests that the marked expansion of the dopamine innervation in the primate in comparison to the rodent thalamus may be related to the presence of a sizable interneuron population in primates.

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[ "compound", "protein" ]

Ras is a protein-family, Raf-1 is a protein, dexamethasone is a drug

1.0alpha7.train.798_task0

Sentence: In three experiments, the binding of Ras to Raf-1 peptide increased upon antigen stimulation and showed similar maximal increases at 1–2 min in both control (2.0 ± 0.5-fold, mean ± S.E.) and dexamethasone-treated (1.9 ± 0.3-fold) cells. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: drug, protein-family, protein

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein-family", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

In three experiments, the binding of Ras to Raf-1 peptide increased upon antigen stimulation and showed similar maximal increases at 1–2 min in both control (2.0 ± 0.5-fold, mean ± S.E.) and dexamethasone-treated (1.9 ± 0.3-fold) cells.

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[ "drug", "protein", "protein-family" ]

Ras is a protein-family, Raf-1 is a protein, dexamethasone is a drug

1.0alpha7.train.798_task1

Sentence: In three experiments, the binding of Ras to Raf-1 peptide increased upon antigen stimulation and showed similar maximal increases at 1–2 min in both control (2.0 ± 0.5-fold, mean ± S.E.) and dexamethasone-treated (1.9 ± 0.3-fold) cells. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Ras, Raf-1, dexamethasone Options: drug, protein-family, protein

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein-family", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

In three experiments, the binding of Ras to Raf-1 peptide increased upon antigen stimulation and showed similar maximal increases at 1–2 min in both control (2.0 ± 0.5-fold, mean ± S.E.) and dexamethasone-treated (1.9 ± 0.3-fold) cells.

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[ "drug", "protein", "protein-family" ]

Ras, Raf-1, dexamethasone

1.0alpha7.train.798_task2

Sentence: In three experiments, the binding of Ras to Raf-1 peptide increased upon antigen stimulation and showed similar maximal increases at 1–2 min in both control (2.0 ± 0.5-fold, mean ± S.E.) and dexamethasone-treated (1.9 ± 0.3-fold) cells. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein-family", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

In three experiments, the binding of Ras to Raf-1 peptide increased upon antigen stimulation and showed similar maximal increases at 1–2 min in both control (2.0 ± 0.5-fold, mean ± S.E.) and dexamethasone-treated (1.9 ± 0.3-fold) cells.

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[ "drug", "protein", "protein-family" ]

Artemisinic acid is a CHEMICAL, C / EBP α is a GENE-Y, HMG - CoA reductase is a GENE-Y, Cholesterol is a CHEMICAL, artemisinic acid is a CHEMICAL, artemisinic acid is a CHEMICAL, microphthalmia - associated transcription factor is a GENE-Y, MITF is a GENE-Y, tyrosinase is a GENE-Y, tyrosinase - related protein ( TRP)-1 is a GENE-Y, TRP-2 is a GENE-Y, artemisinic acid is a CHEMICAL, c - KIT is a GENE-Y, stem cell factor is a GENE-Y, SCF is a GENE-Y, macrophage migration inhibitory factor is a GENE-Y, MIF is a GENE-Y, artemisinic acid is a CHEMICAL, cAMP is a CHEMICAL, protein kinase A is a GENE-N, PKA is a GENE-N, artemisinic acid is a CHEMICAL, artemisinic acid is a CHEMICAL, artemisinic acid is a CHEMICAL, cholesterol is a CHEMICAL, hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA ( HMG CoA ) reductase is a GENE-Y, CCAAT / enhancer - binding protein ( C / EBP ) α is a GENE-Y, artemisinic acid is a CHEMICAL, HMG CoA reductase is a GENE-Y, C / EBP α is a GENE-Y, artemisinic acid is a CHEMICAL

22125_task0

Sentence: Artemisinic acid inhibits melanogenesis through downregulation of C/EBP α-dependent expression of HMG-CoA reductase gene. Cholesterol is associated with the regulation of melanogenesis which is the major physiological defense against solar irradiation. The present study was designed to determine the effects of artemisinic acid on melanogenesis and its mechanisms of action in human epidermal melanocytes. In this study, we found that artemisinic acid inhibited melanin content. The mRNA levels of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and its downstream genes tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2 were reduced by artemisinic acid treatment. Additionally, the mRNA levels of melanogenesis-related genes (c-KIT, stem cell factor (SCF), and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)) were down-regulated by artemisinic acid. Furthermore, cAMP production and protein kinase A (PKA) activity were suppressed by artemisinic acid. Moreover, attempts to elucidate a possible mechanism underlying the artemisinic acid-mediated effects revealed that artemisinic acid regulated melanogenesis by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis through downregulation of the hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA (HMG CoA) reductase gene, which was mediated through reduced expression of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) α gene. Taken together, these findings indicate that the inhibition of melanogenesis by artemisinic acid occurs through reduced expression of the HMG CoA reductase gene, which is mediated by C/EBP α inhibition and suggest that artemisinic acid may be useful as a hyperpigmentation inhibitor. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: GENE-N, GENE-Y, CHEMICAL

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Artemisinic acid inhibits melanogenesis through downregulation of C/EBP α-dependent expression of HMG-CoA reductase gene. Cholesterol is associated with the regulation of melanogenesis which is the major physiological defense against solar irradiation. The present study was designed to determine the effects of artemisinic acid on melanogenesis and its mechanisms of action in human epidermal melanocytes. In this study, we found that artemisinic acid inhibited melanin content. The mRNA levels of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and its downstream genes tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2 were reduced by artemisinic acid treatment. Additionally, the mRNA levels of melanogenesis-related genes (c-KIT, stem cell factor (SCF), and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)) were down-regulated by artemisinic acid. Furthermore, cAMP production and protein kinase A (PKA) activity were suppressed by artemisinic acid. Moreover, attempts to elucidate a possible mechanism underlying the artemisinic acid-mediated effects revealed that artemisinic acid regulated melanogenesis by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis through downregulation of the hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA (HMG CoA) reductase gene, which was mediated through reduced expression of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) α gene. Taken together, these findings indicate that the inhibition of melanogenesis by artemisinic acid occurs through reduced expression of the HMG CoA reductase gene, which is mediated by C/EBP α inhibition and suggest that artemisinic acid may be useful as a hyperpigmentation inhibitor.

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[ "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL", "GENE-N" ]

Artemisinic acid is a CHEMICAL, C / EBP α is a GENE-Y, HMG - CoA reductase is a GENE-Y, Cholesterol is a CHEMICAL, artemisinic acid is a CHEMICAL, artemisinic acid is a CHEMICAL, microphthalmia - associated transcription factor is a GENE-Y, MITF is a GENE-Y, tyrosinase is a GENE-Y, tyrosinase - related protein ( TRP)-1 is a GENE-Y, TRP-2 is a GENE-Y, artemisinic acid is a CHEMICAL, c - KIT is a GENE-Y, stem cell factor is a GENE-Y, SCF is a GENE-Y, macrophage migration inhibitory factor is a GENE-Y, MIF is a GENE-Y, artemisinic acid is a CHEMICAL, cAMP is a CHEMICAL, protein kinase A is a GENE-N, PKA is a GENE-N, artemisinic acid is a CHEMICAL, artemisinic acid is a CHEMICAL, artemisinic acid is a CHEMICAL, cholesterol is a CHEMICAL, hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA ( HMG CoA ) reductase is a GENE-Y, CCAAT / enhancer - binding protein ( C / EBP ) α is a GENE-Y, artemisinic acid is a CHEMICAL, HMG CoA reductase is a GENE-Y, C / EBP α is a GENE-Y, artemisinic acid is a CHEMICAL

22125_task1

Sentence: Artemisinic acid inhibits melanogenesis through downregulation of C/EBP α-dependent expression of HMG-CoA reductase gene. Cholesterol is associated with the regulation of melanogenesis which is the major physiological defense against solar irradiation. The present study was designed to determine the effects of artemisinic acid on melanogenesis and its mechanisms of action in human epidermal melanocytes. In this study, we found that artemisinic acid inhibited melanin content. The mRNA levels of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and its downstream genes tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2 were reduced by artemisinic acid treatment. Additionally, the mRNA levels of melanogenesis-related genes (c-KIT, stem cell factor (SCF), and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)) were down-regulated by artemisinic acid. Furthermore, cAMP production and protein kinase A (PKA) activity were suppressed by artemisinic acid. Moreover, attempts to elucidate a possible mechanism underlying the artemisinic acid-mediated effects revealed that artemisinic acid regulated melanogenesis by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis through downregulation of the hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA (HMG CoA) reductase gene, which was mediated through reduced expression of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) α gene. Taken together, these findings indicate that the inhibition of melanogenesis by artemisinic acid occurs through reduced expression of the HMG CoA reductase gene, which is mediated by C/EBP α inhibition and suggest that artemisinic acid may be useful as a hyperpigmentation inhibitor. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Artemisinic acid, C / EBP α, HMG - CoA reductase, Cholesterol, artemisinic acid, artemisinic acid, microphthalmia - associated transcription factor, MITF, tyrosinase, tyrosinase - related protein ( TRP)-1, TRP-2, artemisinic acid, c - KIT, stem cell factor, SCF, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, MIF, artemisinic acid, cAMP, protein kinase A, PKA, artemisinic acid, artemisinic acid, artemisinic acid, cholesterol, hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA ( HMG CoA ) reductase, CCAAT / enhancer - binding protein ( C / EBP ) α, artemisinic acid, HMG CoA reductase, C / EBP α, artemisinic acid Options: GENE-N, GENE-Y, CHEMICAL

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Artemisinic acid inhibits melanogenesis through downregulation of C/EBP α-dependent expression of HMG-CoA reductase gene. Cholesterol is associated with the regulation of melanogenesis which is the major physiological defense against solar irradiation. The present study was designed to determine the effects of artemisinic acid on melanogenesis and its mechanisms of action in human epidermal melanocytes. In this study, we found that artemisinic acid inhibited melanin content. The mRNA levels of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and its downstream genes tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2 were reduced by artemisinic acid treatment. Additionally, the mRNA levels of melanogenesis-related genes (c-KIT, stem cell factor (SCF), and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)) were down-regulated by artemisinic acid. Furthermore, cAMP production and protein kinase A (PKA) activity were suppressed by artemisinic acid. Moreover, attempts to elucidate a possible mechanism underlying the artemisinic acid-mediated effects revealed that artemisinic acid regulated melanogenesis by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis through downregulation of the hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA (HMG CoA) reductase gene, which was mediated through reduced expression of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) α gene. Taken together, these findings indicate that the inhibition of melanogenesis by artemisinic acid occurs through reduced expression of the HMG CoA reductase gene, which is mediated by C/EBP α inhibition and suggest that artemisinic acid may be useful as a hyperpigmentation inhibitor.

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[ "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL", "GENE-N" ]

Artemisinic acid, C / EBP α, HMG - CoA reductase, Cholesterol, artemisinic acid, artemisinic acid, microphthalmia - associated transcription factor, MITF, tyrosinase, tyrosinase - related protein ( TRP)-1, TRP-2, artemisinic acid, c - KIT, stem cell factor, SCF, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, MIF, artemisinic acid, cAMP, protein kinase A, PKA, artemisinic acid, artemisinic acid, artemisinic acid, cholesterol, hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA ( HMG CoA ) reductase, CCAAT / enhancer - binding protein ( C / EBP ) α, artemisinic acid, HMG CoA reductase, C / EBP α, artemisinic acid

22125_task2

Sentence: Artemisinic acid inhibits melanogenesis through downregulation of C/EBP α-dependent expression of HMG-CoA reductase gene. Cholesterol is associated with the regulation of melanogenesis which is the major physiological defense against solar irradiation. The present study was designed to determine the effects of artemisinic acid on melanogenesis and its mechanisms of action in human epidermal melanocytes. In this study, we found that artemisinic acid inhibited melanin content. The mRNA levels of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and its downstream genes tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2 were reduced by artemisinic acid treatment. Additionally, the mRNA levels of melanogenesis-related genes (c-KIT, stem cell factor (SCF), and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)) were down-regulated by artemisinic acid. Furthermore, cAMP production and protein kinase A (PKA) activity were suppressed by artemisinic acid. Moreover, attempts to elucidate a possible mechanism underlying the artemisinic acid-mediated effects revealed that artemisinic acid regulated melanogenesis by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis through downregulation of the hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA (HMG CoA) reductase gene, which was mediated through reduced expression of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) α gene. Taken together, these findings indicate that the inhibition of melanogenesis by artemisinic acid occurs through reduced expression of the HMG CoA reductase gene, which is mediated by C/EBP α inhibition and suggest that artemisinic acid may be useful as a hyperpigmentation inhibitor. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Artemisinic acid inhibits melanogenesis through downregulation of C/EBP α-dependent expression of HMG-CoA reductase gene. Cholesterol is associated with the regulation of melanogenesis which is the major physiological defense against solar irradiation. The present study was designed to determine the effects of artemisinic acid on melanogenesis and its mechanisms of action in human epidermal melanocytes. In this study, we found that artemisinic acid inhibited melanin content. The mRNA levels of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and its downstream genes tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2 were reduced by artemisinic acid treatment. Additionally, the mRNA levels of melanogenesis-related genes (c-KIT, stem cell factor (SCF), and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)) were down-regulated by artemisinic acid. Furthermore, cAMP production and protein kinase A (PKA) activity were suppressed by artemisinic acid. Moreover, attempts to elucidate a possible mechanism underlying the artemisinic acid-mediated effects revealed that artemisinic acid regulated melanogenesis by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis through downregulation of the hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA (HMG CoA) reductase gene, which was mediated through reduced expression of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) α gene. Taken together, these findings indicate that the inhibition of melanogenesis by artemisinic acid occurs through reduced expression of the HMG CoA reductase gene, which is mediated by C/EBP α inhibition and suggest that artemisinic acid may be useful as a hyperpigmentation inhibitor.

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[ "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL", "GENE-N" ]

Prognose is an umlsterm, Kehlkopfkrebses is an umlsterm, Halslymphknotenmetastasen is an umlsterm, Therapie is an umlsterm, Standardtherapie is an umlsterm, Metastasen is an umlsterm

HNO.70450512.ger.abstr_task0

Sentence: Die Prognose des Kehlkopfkrebses verschlechtert sich bei Vorliegen manifester primaerer oder sekundaerer Halslymphknotenmetastasen deutlich , eine konsequente Prophylaxe und Therapie ist daher unabdingbar . Die Standardtherapie manifester Metastasen ist chirurgisch , wenn moeglich in Form einer konservativen Neck dissection . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Die Prognose des Kehlkopfkrebses verschlechtert sich bei Vorliegen manifester primaerer oder sekundaerer Halslymphknotenmetastasen deutlich , eine konsequente Prophylaxe und Therapie ist daher unabdingbar . Die Standardtherapie manifester Metastasen ist chirurgisch , wenn moeglich in Form einer konservativen Neck dissection .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Prognose is an umlsterm, Kehlkopfkrebses is an umlsterm, Halslymphknotenmetastasen is an umlsterm, Therapie is an umlsterm, Standardtherapie is an umlsterm, Metastasen is an umlsterm

HNO.70450512.ger.abstr_task1

Sentence: Die Prognose des Kehlkopfkrebses verschlechtert sich bei Vorliegen manifester primaerer oder sekundaerer Halslymphknotenmetastasen deutlich , eine konsequente Prophylaxe und Therapie ist daher unabdingbar . Die Standardtherapie manifester Metastasen ist chirurgisch , wenn moeglich in Form einer konservativen Neck dissection . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Prognose, Kehlkopfkrebses, Halslymphknotenmetastasen, Therapie, Standardtherapie, Metastasen Options: umlsterm

[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Die Prognose des Kehlkopfkrebses verschlechtert sich bei Vorliegen manifester primaerer oder sekundaerer Halslymphknotenmetastasen deutlich , eine konsequente Prophylaxe und Therapie ist daher unabdingbar . Die Standardtherapie manifester Metastasen ist chirurgisch , wenn moeglich in Form einer konservativen Neck dissection .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Prognose, Kehlkopfkrebses, Halslymphknotenmetastasen, Therapie, Standardtherapie, Metastasen

HNO.70450512.ger.abstr_task2

Sentence: Die Prognose des Kehlkopfkrebses verschlechtert sich bei Vorliegen manifester primaerer oder sekundaerer Halslymphknotenmetastasen deutlich , eine konsequente Prophylaxe und Therapie ist daher unabdingbar . Die Standardtherapie manifester Metastasen ist chirurgisch , wenn moeglich in Form einer konservativen Neck dissection . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Die Prognose des Kehlkopfkrebses verschlechtert sich bei Vorliegen manifester primaerer oder sekundaerer Halslymphknotenmetastasen deutlich , eine konsequente Prophylaxe und Therapie ist daher unabdingbar . Die Standardtherapie manifester Metastasen ist chirurgisch , wenn moeglich in Form einer konservativen Neck dissection .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Gene transcription is an other_name, G - protein - coupled chemoattractant receptors is a protein_family_or_group

34348_task0

Sentence: Gene transcription through activation of G-protein-coupled chemoattractant receptors. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: protein_family_or_group, other_name

[ "B-other_name", "I-other_name", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "O" ]

Gene transcription through activation of G-protein-coupled chemoattractant receptors.

[ "Gene", "transcription", "through", "activation", "of", "G", "-", "protein", "-", "coupled", "chemoattractant", "receptors", "." ]

[ "protein_family_or_group", "other_name", "DNA_family_or_group", "inorganic", "cell_type", "protein_complex", "protein_molecule" ]

Gene transcription is an other_name, G - protein - coupled chemoattractant receptors is a protein_family_or_group

34348_task1

Sentence: Gene transcription through activation of G-protein-coupled chemoattractant receptors. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Gene transcription, G - protein - coupled chemoattractant receptors Options: protein_family_or_group, other_name

[ "B-other_name", "I-other_name", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "O" ]

Gene transcription through activation of G-protein-coupled chemoattractant receptors.

[ "Gene", "transcription", "through", "activation", "of", "G", "-", "protein", "-", "coupled", "chemoattractant", "receptors", "." ]

[ "protein_family_or_group", "other_name", "DNA_family_or_group", "inorganic", "cell_type", "protein_complex", "protein_molecule" ]

Gene transcription, G - protein - coupled chemoattractant receptors

34348_task2

Sentence: Gene transcription through activation of G-protein-coupled chemoattractant receptors. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "B-other_name", "I-other_name", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "O" ]

Gene transcription through activation of G-protein-coupled chemoattractant receptors.

[ "Gene", "transcription", "through", "activation", "of", "G", "-", "protein", "-", "coupled", "chemoattractant", "receptors", "." ]

[ "protein_family_or_group", "other_name", "DNA_family_or_group", "inorganic", "cell_type", "protein_complex", "protein_molecule" ]

tachyarrhythmias is an umlsterm, quality of life is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, treatment is an umlsterm, tachyarrhythmias is an umlsterm, cardioversion is an umlsterm, atrial fibrillation is an umlsterm, treatment is an umlsterm, Cardioversion is an umlsterm, therapy is an umlsterm, understanding is an umlsterm, measurements is an umlsterm, transmembrane potentials is an umlsterm, techniques is an umlsterm, cardioversion is an umlsterm, shocks is an umlsterm, time is an umlsterm, cardioversion is an umlsterm, defibrillation is an umlsterm, cardioversion is an umlsterm, atrial fibrillation is an umlsterm, atrial fibrillation is an umlsterm

Herzschrittmachertherapie.80090070.eng.abstr_task0

Sentence: Atrial tachyarrhythmias significantly reduce quality of life in a surprisingly large number of patients . The safe and effective treatment of atrial tachyarrhythmias is being intensively studied . Internal electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation has been shown to be an effective non-pharmacological treatment option . Cardioversion therapy has been applied in the absence of a clear understanding of the mechanisms governing the process . Recent measurements of atrial transmembrane potentials using sophisticated optical mapping techniques reveal that internal cardioversion shocks cause changes in repolarization time that favor annihilation of wave fronts . Thus , mechanisms of atrial cardioversion appear to be similar to ventricular defibrillation . Further studies are needed to determine whether cardioversion mechanisms differ for chronic atrial fibrillation compared to acute atrial fibrillation . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O" ]

Atrial tachyarrhythmias significantly reduce quality of life in a surprisingly large number of patients . The safe and effective treatment of atrial tachyarrhythmias is being intensively studied . Internal electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation has been shown to be an effective non-pharmacological treatment option . Cardioversion therapy has been applied in the absence of a clear understanding of the mechanisms governing the process . Recent measurements of atrial transmembrane potentials using sophisticated optical mapping techniques reveal that internal cardioversion shocks cause changes in repolarization time that favor annihilation of wave fronts . Thus , mechanisms of atrial cardioversion appear to be similar to ventricular defibrillation . Further studies are needed to determine whether cardioversion mechanisms differ for chronic atrial fibrillation compared to acute atrial fibrillation .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

tachyarrhythmias is an umlsterm, quality of life is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, treatment is an umlsterm, tachyarrhythmias is an umlsterm, cardioversion is an umlsterm, atrial fibrillation is an umlsterm, treatment is an umlsterm, Cardioversion is an umlsterm, therapy is an umlsterm, understanding is an umlsterm, measurements is an umlsterm, transmembrane potentials is an umlsterm, techniques is an umlsterm, cardioversion is an umlsterm, shocks is an umlsterm, time is an umlsterm, cardioversion is an umlsterm, defibrillation is an umlsterm, cardioversion is an umlsterm, atrial fibrillation is an umlsterm, atrial fibrillation is an umlsterm

Herzschrittmachertherapie.80090070.eng.abstr_task1

Sentence: Atrial tachyarrhythmias significantly reduce quality of life in a surprisingly large number of patients . The safe and effective treatment of atrial tachyarrhythmias is being intensively studied . Internal electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation has been shown to be an effective non-pharmacological treatment option . Cardioversion therapy has been applied in the absence of a clear understanding of the mechanisms governing the process . Recent measurements of atrial transmembrane potentials using sophisticated optical mapping techniques reveal that internal cardioversion shocks cause changes in repolarization time that favor annihilation of wave fronts . Thus , mechanisms of atrial cardioversion appear to be similar to ventricular defibrillation . Further studies are needed to determine whether cardioversion mechanisms differ for chronic atrial fibrillation compared to acute atrial fibrillation . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: tachyarrhythmias, quality of life, patients, treatment, tachyarrhythmias, cardioversion, atrial fibrillation, treatment, Cardioversion, therapy, understanding, measurements, transmembrane potentials, techniques, cardioversion, shocks, time, cardioversion, defibrillation, cardioversion, atrial fibrillation, atrial fibrillation Options: umlsterm

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Atrial tachyarrhythmias significantly reduce quality of life in a surprisingly large number of patients . The safe and effective treatment of atrial tachyarrhythmias is being intensively studied . Internal electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation has been shown to be an effective non-pharmacological treatment option . Cardioversion therapy has been applied in the absence of a clear understanding of the mechanisms governing the process . Recent measurements of atrial transmembrane potentials using sophisticated optical mapping techniques reveal that internal cardioversion shocks cause changes in repolarization time that favor annihilation of wave fronts . Thus , mechanisms of atrial cardioversion appear to be similar to ventricular defibrillation . Further studies are needed to determine whether cardioversion mechanisms differ for chronic atrial fibrillation compared to acute atrial fibrillation .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

tachyarrhythmias, quality of life, patients, treatment, tachyarrhythmias, cardioversion, atrial fibrillation, treatment, Cardioversion, therapy, understanding, measurements, transmembrane potentials, techniques, cardioversion, shocks, time, cardioversion, defibrillation, cardioversion, atrial fibrillation, atrial fibrillation

Herzschrittmachertherapie.80090070.eng.abstr_task2

Sentence: Atrial tachyarrhythmias significantly reduce quality of life in a surprisingly large number of patients . The safe and effective treatment of atrial tachyarrhythmias is being intensively studied . Internal electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation has been shown to be an effective non-pharmacological treatment option . Cardioversion therapy has been applied in the absence of a clear understanding of the mechanisms governing the process . Recent measurements of atrial transmembrane potentials using sophisticated optical mapping techniques reveal that internal cardioversion shocks cause changes in repolarization time that favor annihilation of wave fronts . Thus , mechanisms of atrial cardioversion appear to be similar to ventricular defibrillation . Further studies are needed to determine whether cardioversion mechanisms differ for chronic atrial fibrillation compared to acute atrial fibrillation . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O" ]

Atrial tachyarrhythmias significantly reduce quality of life in a surprisingly large number of patients . The safe and effective treatment of atrial tachyarrhythmias is being intensively studied . Internal electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation has been shown to be an effective non-pharmacological treatment option . Cardioversion therapy has been applied in the absence of a clear understanding of the mechanisms governing the process . Recent measurements of atrial transmembrane potentials using sophisticated optical mapping techniques reveal that internal cardioversion shocks cause changes in repolarization time that favor annihilation of wave fronts . Thus , mechanisms of atrial cardioversion appear to be similar to ventricular defibrillation . Further studies are needed to determine whether cardioversion mechanisms differ for chronic atrial fibrillation compared to acute atrial fibrillation .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

N is a Gene, K - Ras is a Gene, NRAS is a Gene, KRAS2 is a Gene, KRAS2 is a Gene

517_task0

Sentence: High incidence of N and K-Ras activating mutations in multiple myeloma and primary plasma cell leukemia at diagnosis. Using allele-specific amplification method (ARMS), a highly sensitive one-stage allele-specific PCR, we have evaluated the incidence of NRAS and KRAS2 activating mutations (codons 12, 13, and 61) in 62 patients with either monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or multiple myeloma (MM), primary plasma-cell leukemia (P-PCL), and also in human myeloma cell lines (HMCL). NRAS and/or KRAS2 mutations were found in 54.5% of MM at diagnosis (but in 81% at the time of relapse), in 50% of P-PCL, and in 50% of 16 HMCL. In contrast, the occurrence of such mutations was very low in MGUS and indolent MM (12.50%). Of note, KRAS2 mutations were always more frequent than NRAS. The validity of the technique was assessed by direct sequencing of cell lines and of some patients. Multiple mutations found in two patients were confirmed by subcloning exon PCR amplification products, testing clones with our method, and sequencing them. Thus, these early mutations could play a major role in the oncogenesis of MM and P-PCL. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Gene

[ "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

High incidence of N and K-Ras activating mutations in multiple myeloma and primary plasma cell leukemia at diagnosis. Using allele-specific amplification method (ARMS), a highly sensitive one-stage allele-specific PCR, we have evaluated the incidence of NRAS and KRAS2 activating mutations (codons 12, 13, and 61) in 62 patients with either monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or multiple myeloma (MM), primary plasma-cell leukemia (P-PCL), and also in human myeloma cell lines (HMCL). NRAS and/or KRAS2 mutations were found in 54.5% of MM at diagnosis (but in 81% at the time of relapse), in 50% of P-PCL, and in 50% of 16 HMCL. In contrast, the occurrence of such mutations was very low in MGUS and indolent MM (12.50%). Of note, KRAS2 mutations were always more frequent than NRAS. The validity of the technique was assessed by direct sequencing of cell lines and of some patients. Multiple mutations found in two patients were confirmed by subcloning exon PCR amplification products, testing clones with our method, and sequencing them. Thus, these early mutations could play a major role in the oncogenesis of MM and P-PCL.

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[ "Gene" ]

N is a Gene, K - Ras is a Gene, NRAS is a Gene, KRAS2 is a Gene, KRAS2 is a Gene

517_task1

Sentence: High incidence of N and K-Ras activating mutations in multiple myeloma and primary plasma cell leukemia at diagnosis. Using allele-specific amplification method (ARMS), a highly sensitive one-stage allele-specific PCR, we have evaluated the incidence of NRAS and KRAS2 activating mutations (codons 12, 13, and 61) in 62 patients with either monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or multiple myeloma (MM), primary plasma-cell leukemia (P-PCL), and also in human myeloma cell lines (HMCL). NRAS and/or KRAS2 mutations were found in 54.5% of MM at diagnosis (but in 81% at the time of relapse), in 50% of P-PCL, and in 50% of 16 HMCL. In contrast, the occurrence of such mutations was very low in MGUS and indolent MM (12.50%). Of note, KRAS2 mutations were always more frequent than NRAS. The validity of the technique was assessed by direct sequencing of cell lines and of some patients. Multiple mutations found in two patients were confirmed by subcloning exon PCR amplification products, testing clones with our method, and sequencing them. Thus, these early mutations could play a major role in the oncogenesis of MM and P-PCL. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: N, K - Ras, NRAS, KRAS2, KRAS2 Options: Gene

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High incidence of N and K-Ras activating mutations in multiple myeloma and primary plasma cell leukemia at diagnosis. Using allele-specific amplification method (ARMS), a highly sensitive one-stage allele-specific PCR, we have evaluated the incidence of NRAS and KRAS2 activating mutations (codons 12, 13, and 61) in 62 patients with either monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or multiple myeloma (MM), primary plasma-cell leukemia (P-PCL), and also in human myeloma cell lines (HMCL). NRAS and/or KRAS2 mutations were found in 54.5% of MM at diagnosis (but in 81% at the time of relapse), in 50% of P-PCL, and in 50% of 16 HMCL. In contrast, the occurrence of such mutations was very low in MGUS and indolent MM (12.50%). Of note, KRAS2 mutations were always more frequent than NRAS. The validity of the technique was assessed by direct sequencing of cell lines and of some patients. Multiple mutations found in two patients were confirmed by subcloning exon PCR amplification products, testing clones with our method, and sequencing them. Thus, these early mutations could play a major role in the oncogenesis of MM and P-PCL.

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[ "Gene" ]

N, K - Ras, NRAS, KRAS2, KRAS2

517_task2

Sentence: High incidence of N and K-Ras activating mutations in multiple myeloma and primary plasma cell leukemia at diagnosis. Using allele-specific amplification method (ARMS), a highly sensitive one-stage allele-specific PCR, we have evaluated the incidence of NRAS and KRAS2 activating mutations (codons 12, 13, and 61) in 62 patients with either monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or multiple myeloma (MM), primary plasma-cell leukemia (P-PCL), and also in human myeloma cell lines (HMCL). NRAS and/or KRAS2 mutations were found in 54.5% of MM at diagnosis (but in 81% at the time of relapse), in 50% of P-PCL, and in 50% of 16 HMCL. In contrast, the occurrence of such mutations was very low in MGUS and indolent MM (12.50%). Of note, KRAS2 mutations were always more frequent than NRAS. The validity of the technique was assessed by direct sequencing of cell lines and of some patients. Multiple mutations found in two patients were confirmed by subcloning exon PCR amplification products, testing clones with our method, and sequencing them. Thus, these early mutations could play a major role in the oncogenesis of MM and P-PCL. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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High incidence of N and K-Ras activating mutations in multiple myeloma and primary plasma cell leukemia at diagnosis. Using allele-specific amplification method (ARMS), a highly sensitive one-stage allele-specific PCR, we have evaluated the incidence of NRAS and KRAS2 activating mutations (codons 12, 13, and 61) in 62 patients with either monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or multiple myeloma (MM), primary plasma-cell leukemia (P-PCL), and also in human myeloma cell lines (HMCL). NRAS and/or KRAS2 mutations were found in 54.5% of MM at diagnosis (but in 81% at the time of relapse), in 50% of P-PCL, and in 50% of 16 HMCL. In contrast, the occurrence of such mutations was very low in MGUS and indolent MM (12.50%). Of note, KRAS2 mutations were always more frequent than NRAS. The validity of the technique was assessed by direct sequencing of cell lines and of some patients. Multiple mutations found in two patients were confirmed by subcloning exon PCR amplification products, testing clones with our method, and sequencing them. Thus, these early mutations could play a major role in the oncogenesis of MM and P-PCL.

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[ "Gene" ]

Skelettsystem is an umlsterm, Metastasen is an umlsterm, Tumoren is an umlsterm, Metastasen is an umlsterm, radiologisch is an umlsterm, Knochenresorption is an umlsterm, Knochenformation is an umlsterm, Osteoklasten is an umlsterm, Zelle is an umlsterm, Faehigkeit is an umlsterm, Knochen is an umlsterm, Tumorzellen is an umlsterm, Knochen is an umlsterm, Metastasenprogression is an umlsterm, Knochendestruktion is an umlsterm, Behandlung is an umlsterm, Skelettmetastasen is an umlsterm, Tumorprogression is an umlsterm, pathologischen Frakturen is an umlsterm, Osteoklasten is an umlsterm, Arbeit is an umlsterm, Wissens is an umlsterm, Osteoklasten is an umlsterm, Knochenresorption is an umlsterm, Adhaesion is an umlsterm, Enzymsynthese is an umlsterm, Membrantransportsysteme is an umlsterm, Zeit is an umlsterm, Rolle is an umlsterm, Osteoklasten is an umlsterm

DerOrthopaede.80270214.ger.abstr_task0

Sentence: Das Skelettsystem ist ein haeufiger Manifestationsort von Metastasen maligner Tumoren . Diese Metastasen imponieren radiologisch infolge der tumorzellvermittelten exzessiven Stimulation von Knochenresorption oder Knochenformation entweder als lytische , gemischt lytisch-sklerosierte oder sklerosierte Laesionen . Dabei kommt dem Osteoklasten , als der einzigen Zelle mit der Faehigkeit , Knochen zu resorbieren , eine besondere Bedeutung fuer die Implantation von Tumorzellen im Knochen und der Metastasenprogression durch fortschreitende Knochendestruktion zu . Die Entwicklung moeglicher neuer therapeutischer Konzepte fuer die Behandlung von Skelettmetastasen mit dem Ziel der Vermeidung von Tumorprogression und pathologischen Frakturen wird wesentlich davon abhaengen , die zell- und molekularbiologischen Grundlagen des Osteoklasten und seiner Funktion zu erarbeiten . Die vorliegende Arbeit referiert den gegenwaertigen Stand unseres Wissens zur Zellbiologie des Osteoklasten und die molekularen Grundlagen der Knochenresorption . Dabei wird speziell eingegangen auf morphologische Besonderheiten , Mechanismen der Mobilitaet bzw. Adhaesion und des Resorptionskompartments sowie Enzymsynthese und Membrantransportsysteme . Die in letzter Zeit gerade erkannte Rolle von Protoonkogenen auf die autokrine Regulation von Differenzierung und Funktion des Osteoklasten sowie parakrine Regulationsmechanismen werden besonders beruecksichtigt . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

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Das Skelettsystem ist ein haeufiger Manifestationsort von Metastasen maligner Tumoren . Diese Metastasen imponieren radiologisch infolge der tumorzellvermittelten exzessiven Stimulation von Knochenresorption oder Knochenformation entweder als lytische , gemischt lytisch-sklerosierte oder sklerosierte Laesionen . Dabei kommt dem Osteoklasten , als der einzigen Zelle mit der Faehigkeit , Knochen zu resorbieren , eine besondere Bedeutung fuer die Implantation von Tumorzellen im Knochen und der Metastasenprogression durch fortschreitende Knochendestruktion zu . Die Entwicklung moeglicher neuer therapeutischer Konzepte fuer die Behandlung von Skelettmetastasen mit dem Ziel der Vermeidung von Tumorprogression und pathologischen Frakturen wird wesentlich davon abhaengen , die zell- und molekularbiologischen Grundlagen des Osteoklasten und seiner Funktion zu erarbeiten . Die vorliegende Arbeit referiert den gegenwaertigen Stand unseres Wissens zur Zellbiologie des Osteoklasten und die molekularen Grundlagen der Knochenresorption . Dabei wird speziell eingegangen auf morphologische Besonderheiten , Mechanismen der Mobilitaet bzw. Adhaesion und des Resorptionskompartments sowie Enzymsynthese und Membrantransportsysteme . Die in letzter Zeit gerade erkannte Rolle von Protoonkogenen auf die autokrine Regulation von Differenzierung und Funktion des Osteoklasten sowie parakrine Regulationsmechanismen werden besonders beruecksichtigt .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Skelettsystem is an umlsterm, Metastasen is an umlsterm, Tumoren is an umlsterm, Metastasen is an umlsterm, radiologisch is an umlsterm, Knochenresorption is an umlsterm, Knochenformation is an umlsterm, Osteoklasten is an umlsterm, Zelle is an umlsterm, Faehigkeit is an umlsterm, Knochen is an umlsterm, Tumorzellen is an umlsterm, Knochen is an umlsterm, Metastasenprogression is an umlsterm, Knochendestruktion is an umlsterm, Behandlung is an umlsterm, Skelettmetastasen is an umlsterm, Tumorprogression is an umlsterm, pathologischen Frakturen is an umlsterm, Osteoklasten is an umlsterm, Arbeit is an umlsterm, Wissens is an umlsterm, Osteoklasten is an umlsterm, Knochenresorption is an umlsterm, Adhaesion is an umlsterm, Enzymsynthese is an umlsterm, Membrantransportsysteme is an umlsterm, Zeit is an umlsterm, Rolle is an umlsterm, Osteoklasten is an umlsterm

DerOrthopaede.80270214.ger.abstr_task1

Sentence: Das Skelettsystem ist ein haeufiger Manifestationsort von Metastasen maligner Tumoren . Diese Metastasen imponieren radiologisch infolge der tumorzellvermittelten exzessiven Stimulation von Knochenresorption oder Knochenformation entweder als lytische , gemischt lytisch-sklerosierte oder sklerosierte Laesionen . Dabei kommt dem Osteoklasten , als der einzigen Zelle mit der Faehigkeit , Knochen zu resorbieren , eine besondere Bedeutung fuer die Implantation von Tumorzellen im Knochen und der Metastasenprogression durch fortschreitende Knochendestruktion zu . Die Entwicklung moeglicher neuer therapeutischer Konzepte fuer die Behandlung von Skelettmetastasen mit dem Ziel der Vermeidung von Tumorprogression und pathologischen Frakturen wird wesentlich davon abhaengen , die zell- und molekularbiologischen Grundlagen des Osteoklasten und seiner Funktion zu erarbeiten . Die vorliegende Arbeit referiert den gegenwaertigen Stand unseres Wissens zur Zellbiologie des Osteoklasten und die molekularen Grundlagen der Knochenresorption . Dabei wird speziell eingegangen auf morphologische Besonderheiten , Mechanismen der Mobilitaet bzw. Adhaesion und des Resorptionskompartments sowie Enzymsynthese und Membrantransportsysteme . Die in letzter Zeit gerade erkannte Rolle von Protoonkogenen auf die autokrine Regulation von Differenzierung und Funktion des Osteoklasten sowie parakrine Regulationsmechanismen werden besonders beruecksichtigt . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Skelettsystem, Metastasen, Tumoren, Metastasen, radiologisch, Knochenresorption, Knochenformation, Osteoklasten, Zelle, Faehigkeit, Knochen, Tumorzellen, Knochen, Metastasenprogression, Knochendestruktion, Behandlung, Skelettmetastasen, Tumorprogression, pathologischen Frakturen, Osteoklasten, Arbeit, Wissens, Osteoklasten, Knochenresorption, Adhaesion, Enzymsynthese, Membrantransportsysteme, Zeit, Rolle, Osteoklasten Options: umlsterm

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Das Skelettsystem ist ein haeufiger Manifestationsort von Metastasen maligner Tumoren . Diese Metastasen imponieren radiologisch infolge der tumorzellvermittelten exzessiven Stimulation von Knochenresorption oder Knochenformation entweder als lytische , gemischt lytisch-sklerosierte oder sklerosierte Laesionen . Dabei kommt dem Osteoklasten , als der einzigen Zelle mit der Faehigkeit , Knochen zu resorbieren , eine besondere Bedeutung fuer die Implantation von Tumorzellen im Knochen und der Metastasenprogression durch fortschreitende Knochendestruktion zu . Die Entwicklung moeglicher neuer therapeutischer Konzepte fuer die Behandlung von Skelettmetastasen mit dem Ziel der Vermeidung von Tumorprogression und pathologischen Frakturen wird wesentlich davon abhaengen , die zell- und molekularbiologischen Grundlagen des Osteoklasten und seiner Funktion zu erarbeiten . Die vorliegende Arbeit referiert den gegenwaertigen Stand unseres Wissens zur Zellbiologie des Osteoklasten und die molekularen Grundlagen der Knochenresorption . Dabei wird speziell eingegangen auf morphologische Besonderheiten , Mechanismen der Mobilitaet bzw. Adhaesion und des Resorptionskompartments sowie Enzymsynthese und Membrantransportsysteme . Die in letzter Zeit gerade erkannte Rolle von Protoonkogenen auf die autokrine Regulation von Differenzierung und Funktion des Osteoklasten sowie parakrine Regulationsmechanismen werden besonders beruecksichtigt .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Skelettsystem, Metastasen, Tumoren, Metastasen, radiologisch, Knochenresorption, Knochenformation, Osteoklasten, Zelle, Faehigkeit, Knochen, Tumorzellen, Knochen, Metastasenprogression, Knochendestruktion, Behandlung, Skelettmetastasen, Tumorprogression, pathologischen Frakturen, Osteoklasten, Arbeit, Wissens, Osteoklasten, Knochenresorption, Adhaesion, Enzymsynthese, Membrantransportsysteme, Zeit, Rolle, Osteoklasten

DerOrthopaede.80270214.ger.abstr_task2

Sentence: Das Skelettsystem ist ein haeufiger Manifestationsort von Metastasen maligner Tumoren . Diese Metastasen imponieren radiologisch infolge der tumorzellvermittelten exzessiven Stimulation von Knochenresorption oder Knochenformation entweder als lytische , gemischt lytisch-sklerosierte oder sklerosierte Laesionen . Dabei kommt dem Osteoklasten , als der einzigen Zelle mit der Faehigkeit , Knochen zu resorbieren , eine besondere Bedeutung fuer die Implantation von Tumorzellen im Knochen und der Metastasenprogression durch fortschreitende Knochendestruktion zu . Die Entwicklung moeglicher neuer therapeutischer Konzepte fuer die Behandlung von Skelettmetastasen mit dem Ziel der Vermeidung von Tumorprogression und pathologischen Frakturen wird wesentlich davon abhaengen , die zell- und molekularbiologischen Grundlagen des Osteoklasten und seiner Funktion zu erarbeiten . Die vorliegende Arbeit referiert den gegenwaertigen Stand unseres Wissens zur Zellbiologie des Osteoklasten und die molekularen Grundlagen der Knochenresorption . Dabei wird speziell eingegangen auf morphologische Besonderheiten , Mechanismen der Mobilitaet bzw. Adhaesion und des Resorptionskompartments sowie Enzymsynthese und Membrantransportsysteme . Die in letzter Zeit gerade erkannte Rolle von Protoonkogenen auf die autokrine Regulation von Differenzierung und Funktion des Osteoklasten sowie parakrine Regulationsmechanismen werden besonders beruecksichtigt . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Das Skelettsystem ist ein haeufiger Manifestationsort von Metastasen maligner Tumoren . Diese Metastasen imponieren radiologisch infolge der tumorzellvermittelten exzessiven Stimulation von Knochenresorption oder Knochenformation entweder als lytische , gemischt lytisch-sklerosierte oder sklerosierte Laesionen . Dabei kommt dem Osteoklasten , als der einzigen Zelle mit der Faehigkeit , Knochen zu resorbieren , eine besondere Bedeutung fuer die Implantation von Tumorzellen im Knochen und der Metastasenprogression durch fortschreitende Knochendestruktion zu . Die Entwicklung moeglicher neuer therapeutischer Konzepte fuer die Behandlung von Skelettmetastasen mit dem Ziel der Vermeidung von Tumorprogression und pathologischen Frakturen wird wesentlich davon abhaengen , die zell- und molekularbiologischen Grundlagen des Osteoklasten und seiner Funktion zu erarbeiten . Die vorliegende Arbeit referiert den gegenwaertigen Stand unseres Wissens zur Zellbiologie des Osteoklasten und die molekularen Grundlagen der Knochenresorption . Dabei wird speziell eingegangen auf morphologische Besonderheiten , Mechanismen der Mobilitaet bzw. Adhaesion und des Resorptionskompartments sowie Enzymsynthese und Membrantransportsysteme . Die in letzter Zeit gerade erkannte Rolle von Protoonkogenen auf die autokrine Regulation von Differenzierung und Funktion des Osteoklasten sowie parakrine Regulationsmechanismen werden besonders beruecksichtigt .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

GSCL , is a Gene, CTP , is a Gene, CLTD , is a Gene, HIRA , is a Gene, TMVCF , is a Gene

389_task0

Sentence: Molecular definition of 22q11 deletions in 151 velo-cardio-facial syndrome patients. Velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS) is a relatively common developmental disorder characterized by craniofacial anomalies and conotruncal heart defects. Many VCFS patients have hemizygous deletions for a part of 22q11, suggesting that haploinsufficiency in this region is responsible for its etiology. Because most cases of VCFS are sporadic, portions of 22q11 may be prone to rearrangement. To understand the molecular basis for chromosomal deletions, we defined the extent of the deletion, by genotyping 151 VCFS patients and performing haplotype analysis on 105, using 15 consecutive polymorphic markers in 22q11. We found that 83% had a deletion and >90% of these had a similar approximately 3 Mb deletion, suggesting that sequences flanking the common breakpoints are susceptible to rearrangement. We found no correlation between the presence or size of the deletion and the phenotype. To further define the chromosomal breakpoints among the VCFS patients, we developed somatic hybrid cell lines from a set of VCFS patients. An 11-kb resolution physical map of a 1,080-kb region that includes deletion breakpoints was constructed, incorporating genes and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) isolated by the hybridization selection method. The ordered markers were used to examine the two separated copies of chromosome 22 in the somatic hybrid cell lines. In some cases, we were able to map the chromosome breakpoints within a single cosmid. A 480-kb critical region for VCFS has been delineated, including the genes for GSCL, CTP, CLTD, HIRA, and TMVCF, as well as a number of novel ordered ESTs. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Gene

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Molecular definition of 22q11 deletions in 151 velo-cardio-facial syndrome patients. Velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS) is a relatively common developmental disorder characterized by craniofacial anomalies and conotruncal heart defects. Many VCFS patients have hemizygous deletions for a part of 22q11, suggesting that haploinsufficiency in this region is responsible for its etiology. Because most cases of VCFS are sporadic, portions of 22q11 may be prone to rearrangement. To understand the molecular basis for chromosomal deletions, we defined the extent of the deletion, by genotyping 151 VCFS patients and performing haplotype analysis on 105, using 15 consecutive polymorphic markers in 22q11. We found that 83% had a deletion and >90% of these had a similar approximately 3 Mb deletion, suggesting that sequences flanking the common breakpoints are susceptible to rearrangement. We found no correlation between the presence or size of the deletion and the phenotype. To further define the chromosomal breakpoints among the VCFS patients, we developed somatic hybrid cell lines from a set of VCFS patients. An 11-kb resolution physical map of a 1,080-kb region that includes deletion breakpoints was constructed, incorporating genes and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) isolated by the hybridization selection method. The ordered markers were used to examine the two separated copies of chromosome 22 in the somatic hybrid cell lines. In some cases, we were able to map the chromosome breakpoints within a single cosmid. A 480-kb critical region for VCFS has been delineated, including the genes for GSCL, CTP, CLTD, HIRA, and TMVCF, as well as a number of novel ordered ESTs.

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[ "Gene" ]

GSCL , is a Gene, CTP , is a Gene, CLTD , is a Gene, HIRA , is a Gene, TMVCF , is a Gene

389_task1

Sentence: Molecular definition of 22q11 deletions in 151 velo-cardio-facial syndrome patients. Velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS) is a relatively common developmental disorder characterized by craniofacial anomalies and conotruncal heart defects. Many VCFS patients have hemizygous deletions for a part of 22q11, suggesting that haploinsufficiency in this region is responsible for its etiology. Because most cases of VCFS are sporadic, portions of 22q11 may be prone to rearrangement. To understand the molecular basis for chromosomal deletions, we defined the extent of the deletion, by genotyping 151 VCFS patients and performing haplotype analysis on 105, using 15 consecutive polymorphic markers in 22q11. We found that 83% had a deletion and >90% of these had a similar approximately 3 Mb deletion, suggesting that sequences flanking the common breakpoints are susceptible to rearrangement. We found no correlation between the presence or size of the deletion and the phenotype. To further define the chromosomal breakpoints among the VCFS patients, we developed somatic hybrid cell lines from a set of VCFS patients. An 11-kb resolution physical map of a 1,080-kb region that includes deletion breakpoints was constructed, incorporating genes and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) isolated by the hybridization selection method. The ordered markers were used to examine the two separated copies of chromosome 22 in the somatic hybrid cell lines. In some cases, we were able to map the chromosome breakpoints within a single cosmid. A 480-kb critical region for VCFS has been delineated, including the genes for GSCL, CTP, CLTD, HIRA, and TMVCF, as well as a number of novel ordered ESTs. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: GSCL ,, CTP ,, CLTD ,, HIRA ,, TMVCF , Options: Gene

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Molecular definition of 22q11 deletions in 151 velo-cardio-facial syndrome patients. Velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS) is a relatively common developmental disorder characterized by craniofacial anomalies and conotruncal heart defects. Many VCFS patients have hemizygous deletions for a part of 22q11, suggesting that haploinsufficiency in this region is responsible for its etiology. Because most cases of VCFS are sporadic, portions of 22q11 may be prone to rearrangement. To understand the molecular basis for chromosomal deletions, we defined the extent of the deletion, by genotyping 151 VCFS patients and performing haplotype analysis on 105, using 15 consecutive polymorphic markers in 22q11. We found that 83% had a deletion and >90% of these had a similar approximately 3 Mb deletion, suggesting that sequences flanking the common breakpoints are susceptible to rearrangement. We found no correlation between the presence or size of the deletion and the phenotype. To further define the chromosomal breakpoints among the VCFS patients, we developed somatic hybrid cell lines from a set of VCFS patients. An 11-kb resolution physical map of a 1,080-kb region that includes deletion breakpoints was constructed, incorporating genes and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) isolated by the hybridization selection method. The ordered markers were used to examine the two separated copies of chromosome 22 in the somatic hybrid cell lines. In some cases, we were able to map the chromosome breakpoints within a single cosmid. A 480-kb critical region for VCFS has been delineated, including the genes for GSCL, CTP, CLTD, HIRA, and TMVCF, as well as a number of novel ordered ESTs.

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[ "Gene" ]

GSCL ,, CTP ,, CLTD ,, HIRA ,, TMVCF ,

389_task2

Sentence: Molecular definition of 22q11 deletions in 151 velo-cardio-facial syndrome patients. Velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS) is a relatively common developmental disorder characterized by craniofacial anomalies and conotruncal heart defects. Many VCFS patients have hemizygous deletions for a part of 22q11, suggesting that haploinsufficiency in this region is responsible for its etiology. Because most cases of VCFS are sporadic, portions of 22q11 may be prone to rearrangement. To understand the molecular basis for chromosomal deletions, we defined the extent of the deletion, by genotyping 151 VCFS patients and performing haplotype analysis on 105, using 15 consecutive polymorphic markers in 22q11. We found that 83% had a deletion and >90% of these had a similar approximately 3 Mb deletion, suggesting that sequences flanking the common breakpoints are susceptible to rearrangement. We found no correlation between the presence or size of the deletion and the phenotype. To further define the chromosomal breakpoints among the VCFS patients, we developed somatic hybrid cell lines from a set of VCFS patients. An 11-kb resolution physical map of a 1,080-kb region that includes deletion breakpoints was constructed, incorporating genes and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) isolated by the hybridization selection method. The ordered markers were used to examine the two separated copies of chromosome 22 in the somatic hybrid cell lines. In some cases, we were able to map the chromosome breakpoints within a single cosmid. A 480-kb critical region for VCFS has been delineated, including the genes for GSCL, CTP, CLTD, HIRA, and TMVCF, as well as a number of novel ordered ESTs. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "O", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Molecular definition of 22q11 deletions in 151 velo-cardio-facial syndrome patients. Velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS) is a relatively common developmental disorder characterized by craniofacial anomalies and conotruncal heart defects. Many VCFS patients have hemizygous deletions for a part of 22q11, suggesting that haploinsufficiency in this region is responsible for its etiology. Because most cases of VCFS are sporadic, portions of 22q11 may be prone to rearrangement. To understand the molecular basis for chromosomal deletions, we defined the extent of the deletion, by genotyping 151 VCFS patients and performing haplotype analysis on 105, using 15 consecutive polymorphic markers in 22q11. We found that 83% had a deletion and >90% of these had a similar approximately 3 Mb deletion, suggesting that sequences flanking the common breakpoints are susceptible to rearrangement. We found no correlation between the presence or size of the deletion and the phenotype. To further define the chromosomal breakpoints among the VCFS patients, we developed somatic hybrid cell lines from a set of VCFS patients. An 11-kb resolution physical map of a 1,080-kb region that includes deletion breakpoints was constructed, incorporating genes and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) isolated by the hybridization selection method. The ordered markers were used to examine the two separated copies of chromosome 22 in the somatic hybrid cell lines. In some cases, we were able to map the chromosome breakpoints within a single cosmid. A 480-kb critical region for VCFS has been delineated, including the genes for GSCL, CTP, CLTD, HIRA, and TMVCF, as well as a number of novel ordered ESTs.

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[ "Gene" ]

Pyk2 is a protein, Pyk2-Y402F is a protein, Src is a protein, Grb2 is a protein, Shc is a protein, Crk is a protein, p130Cas is a protein, ERK is a protein-family, JNK is a protein-family

1.0alpha7.train.88_task0

Sentence: A mutant form of Pyk2 (Pyk2-Y402F) that is unable to bind and activate Src is impaired in its ability to induce association of Grb2 with Shc, binding of Crk to p130Cas and stimulation of the ERK and JNK cascades. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: protein-family, protein

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein-family", "O", "B-protein-family", "O", "O" ]

A mutant form of Pyk2 (Pyk2-Y402F) that is unable to bind and activate Src is impaired in its ability to induce association of Grb2 with Shc, binding of Crk to p130Cas and stimulation of the ERK and JNK cascades.

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[ "protein", "protein-family" ]

Pyk2 is a protein, Pyk2-Y402F is a protein, Src is a protein, Grb2 is a protein, Shc is a protein, Crk is a protein, p130Cas is a protein, ERK is a protein-family, JNK is a protein-family

1.0alpha7.train.88_task1

Sentence: A mutant form of Pyk2 (Pyk2-Y402F) that is unable to bind and activate Src is impaired in its ability to induce association of Grb2 with Shc, binding of Crk to p130Cas and stimulation of the ERK and JNK cascades. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Pyk2, Pyk2-Y402F, Src, Grb2, Shc, Crk, p130Cas, ERK, JNK Options: protein-family, protein

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein-family", "O", "B-protein-family", "O", "O" ]

A mutant form of Pyk2 (Pyk2-Y402F) that is unable to bind and activate Src is impaired in its ability to induce association of Grb2 with Shc, binding of Crk to p130Cas and stimulation of the ERK and JNK cascades.

[ "A", "mutant", "form", "of", "Pyk2", "(", "Pyk2-Y402F", ")", "that", "is", "unable", "to", "bind", "and", "activate", "Src", "is", "impaired", "in", "its", "ability", "to", "induce", "association", "of", "Grb2", "with", "Shc", ",", "binding", "of", "Crk", "to", "p130Cas", "and", "stimulation", "of", "the", "ERK", "and", "JNK", "cascades", "." ]

[ "protein", "protein-family" ]

Pyk2, Pyk2-Y402F, Src, Grb2, Shc, Crk, p130Cas, ERK, JNK

1.0alpha7.train.88_task2

Sentence: A mutant form of Pyk2 (Pyk2-Y402F) that is unable to bind and activate Src is impaired in its ability to induce association of Grb2 with Shc, binding of Crk to p130Cas and stimulation of the ERK and JNK cascades. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein-family", "O", "B-protein-family", "O", "O" ]

A mutant form of Pyk2 (Pyk2-Y402F) that is unable to bind and activate Src is impaired in its ability to induce association of Grb2 with Shc, binding of Crk to p130Cas and stimulation of the ERK and JNK cascades.

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[ "protein", "protein-family" ]

E - cadherin is a Gene/protein/RNA, alpha - catenin is a Gene/protein/RNA, beta - catenin is a Gene/protein/RNA, gamma - catenin is a Gene/protein/RNA

369_task0

Sentence: However, when all of the four proteins (E-cadherin, alpha-catenin, beta-catenin, and gamma-catenin) were analysed as one group, a significant association was seen between reduction in immunoreactivity of at least one of these four proteins and the presence of metastases. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Gene/protein/RNA

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "O", "B-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "O", "B-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "O", "O", "B-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

However, when all of the four proteins (E-cadherin, alpha-catenin, beta-catenin, and gamma-catenin) were analysed as one group, a significant association was seen between reduction in immunoreactivity of at least one of these four proteins and the presence of metastases.

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[ "Gene/protein/RNA" ]

E - cadherin is a Gene/protein/RNA, alpha - catenin is a Gene/protein/RNA, beta - catenin is a Gene/protein/RNA, gamma - catenin is a Gene/protein/RNA

369_task1

Sentence: However, when all of the four proteins (E-cadherin, alpha-catenin, beta-catenin, and gamma-catenin) were analysed as one group, a significant association was seen between reduction in immunoreactivity of at least one of these four proteins and the presence of metastases. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: E - cadherin, alpha - catenin, beta - catenin, gamma - catenin Options: Gene/protein/RNA

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "O", "B-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "O", "B-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "O", "O", "B-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

However, when all of the four proteins (E-cadherin, alpha-catenin, beta-catenin, and gamma-catenin) were analysed as one group, a significant association was seen between reduction in immunoreactivity of at least one of these four proteins and the presence of metastases.

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[ "Gene/protein/RNA" ]

E - cadherin, alpha - catenin, beta - catenin, gamma - catenin

369_task2

Sentence: However, when all of the four proteins (E-cadherin, alpha-catenin, beta-catenin, and gamma-catenin) were analysed as one group, a significant association was seen between reduction in immunoreactivity of at least one of these four proteins and the presence of metastases. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "O", "B-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "O", "B-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "O", "O", "B-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "I-Gene/protein/RNA", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

However, when all of the four proteins (E-cadherin, alpha-catenin, beta-catenin, and gamma-catenin) were analysed as one group, a significant association was seen between reduction in immunoreactivity of at least one of these four proteins and the presence of metastases.

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[ "Gene/protein/RNA" ]

cell is an umlsterm, B - cell lymphomas is an umlsterm, classification is an umlsterm, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia is an umlsterm, B cell is an umlsterm, mantle cell lymphoma is an umlsterm, follicular lymphoma is an umlsterm, hairy cell leukaemia is an umlsterm, plasmacytoma is an umlsterm, WHO- is an umlsterm, REAL - classification is an umlsterm, prolymphocytic leukaemia is an umlsterm, single is an umlsterm, disease is an umlsterm, All is an umlsterm, lymphomas is an umlsterm, B cells is an umlsterm, stages is an umlsterm, tumour is an umlsterm, cell growth is an umlsterm, -cytology is an umlsterm

DerPathologe.00210147.eng.abstr_task0

Sentence: Similar to the R. E. A. L-System , the small cell B-cell lymphomas of the new WHO classification consist of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia of B cell type , mantle cell lymphoma , follicular lymphoma , lymphoplasmocytic lymphoma/immunocytoma , hairy cell leukaemia , as well as plasmacytoma . The only major difference between the WHO- and the REAL-classification is the consideration of prolymphocytic leukaemia as a single disease entity in the former system . All the above-mentioned lymphomas arise from B cells of varying stages of differentiation and , therefore , often demonstrate architectural , cytological and immunophenotypic characteristics of their normal physiological counterparts . Consideration of tumour cell growth pattern , -cytology , -immunophenotype and ... Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Similar to the R. E. A. L-System , the small cell B-cell lymphomas of the new WHO classification consist of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia of B cell type , mantle cell lymphoma , follicular lymphoma , lymphoplasmocytic lymphoma/immunocytoma , hairy cell leukaemia , as well as plasmacytoma . The only major difference between the WHO- and the REAL-classification is the consideration of prolymphocytic leukaemia as a single disease entity in the former system . All the above-mentioned lymphomas arise from B cells of varying stages of differentiation and , therefore , often demonstrate architectural , cytological and immunophenotypic characteristics of their normal physiological counterparts . Consideration of tumour cell growth pattern , -cytology , -immunophenotype and ...

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[ "umlsterm" ]

cell is an umlsterm, B - cell lymphomas is an umlsterm, classification is an umlsterm, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia is an umlsterm, B cell is an umlsterm, mantle cell lymphoma is an umlsterm, follicular lymphoma is an umlsterm, hairy cell leukaemia is an umlsterm, plasmacytoma is an umlsterm, WHO- is an umlsterm, REAL - classification is an umlsterm, prolymphocytic leukaemia is an umlsterm, single is an umlsterm, disease is an umlsterm, All is an umlsterm, lymphomas is an umlsterm, B cells is an umlsterm, stages is an umlsterm, tumour is an umlsterm, cell growth is an umlsterm, -cytology is an umlsterm

DerPathologe.00210147.eng.abstr_task1

Sentence: Similar to the R. E. A. L-System , the small cell B-cell lymphomas of the new WHO classification consist of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia of B cell type , mantle cell lymphoma , follicular lymphoma , lymphoplasmocytic lymphoma/immunocytoma , hairy cell leukaemia , as well as plasmacytoma . The only major difference between the WHO- and the REAL-classification is the consideration of prolymphocytic leukaemia as a single disease entity in the former system . All the above-mentioned lymphomas arise from B cells of varying stages of differentiation and , therefore , often demonstrate architectural , cytological and immunophenotypic characteristics of their normal physiological counterparts . Consideration of tumour cell growth pattern , -cytology , -immunophenotype and ... Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: cell, B - cell lymphomas, classification, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, B cell, mantle cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, hairy cell leukaemia, plasmacytoma, WHO-, REAL - classification, prolymphocytic leukaemia, single, disease, All, lymphomas, B cells, stages, tumour, cell growth, -cytology Options: umlsterm

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Similar to the R. E. A. L-System , the small cell B-cell lymphomas of the new WHO classification consist of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia of B cell type , mantle cell lymphoma , follicular lymphoma , lymphoplasmocytic lymphoma/immunocytoma , hairy cell leukaemia , as well as plasmacytoma . The only major difference between the WHO- and the REAL-classification is the consideration of prolymphocytic leukaemia as a single disease entity in the former system . All the above-mentioned lymphomas arise from B cells of varying stages of differentiation and , therefore , often demonstrate architectural , cytological and immunophenotypic characteristics of their normal physiological counterparts . Consideration of tumour cell growth pattern , -cytology , -immunophenotype and ...

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[ "umlsterm" ]

cell, B - cell lymphomas, classification, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, B cell, mantle cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, hairy cell leukaemia, plasmacytoma, WHO-, REAL - classification, prolymphocytic leukaemia, single, disease, All, lymphomas, B cells, stages, tumour, cell growth, -cytology

DerPathologe.00210147.eng.abstr_task2

Sentence: Similar to the R. E. A. L-System , the small cell B-cell lymphomas of the new WHO classification consist of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia of B cell type , mantle cell lymphoma , follicular lymphoma , lymphoplasmocytic lymphoma/immunocytoma , hairy cell leukaemia , as well as plasmacytoma . The only major difference between the WHO- and the REAL-classification is the consideration of prolymphocytic leukaemia as a single disease entity in the former system . All the above-mentioned lymphomas arise from B cells of varying stages of differentiation and , therefore , often demonstrate architectural , cytological and immunophenotypic characteristics of their normal physiological counterparts . Consideration of tumour cell growth pattern , -cytology , -immunophenotype and ... Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Similar to the R. E. A. L-System , the small cell B-cell lymphomas of the new WHO classification consist of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia of B cell type , mantle cell lymphoma , follicular lymphoma , lymphoplasmocytic lymphoma/immunocytoma , hairy cell leukaemia , as well as plasmacytoma . The only major difference between the WHO- and the REAL-classification is the consideration of prolymphocytic leukaemia as a single disease entity in the former system . All the above-mentioned lymphomas arise from B cells of varying stages of differentiation and , therefore , often demonstrate architectural , cytological and immunophenotypic characteristics of their normal physiological counterparts . Consideration of tumour cell growth pattern , -cytology , -immunophenotype and ...

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Wissen is an umlsterm, Pathophysiologie is an umlsterm, Therapie is an umlsterm, Asthmas is an umlsterm, Mortalitaet is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Asthmaanfall is an umlsterm, Atemwegsobstruktion is an umlsterm, Entzuendung is an umlsterm, Bronchospasmus is an umlsterm, Schleimansammlungen is an umlsterm, Atemwegsobstruktion is an umlsterm, Atemarbeit is an umlsterm, Schwitzen is an umlsterm, Kohlendioxidpartialdrucks is an umlsterm, Theophyllin is an umlsterm, Sauerstoff is an umlsterm, Therapie is an umlsterm, Anticholinergika is an umlsterm, Rolle is an umlsterm, Therapie is an umlsterm, Asthmaanfalls is an umlsterm, Medikamenten is an umlsterm, Ketamin is an umlsterm, Magnesiumsulfat is an umlsterm, Antibiotika is an umlsterm, Bronchoskopie is an umlsterm, Lavage is an umlsterm, Routinemethode is an umlsterm, Behandlung is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, medikamentoese Therapie is an umlsterm, Intubation is an umlsterm, Methoden is an umlsterm, Behandlung is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm

IntensiveMedizin.90360145.ger.abstr_task0

Sentence: Trotz gewachsenem Wissen ueber Pathophysiologie und Therapie des Asthmas wurde die Mortalitaet bisher nicht reduziert . Bei Patienten im Asthmaanfall kommt es zur fortschreitenden Atemwegsobstruktion , die stunden- oder tagelang anhalten kann und Folge von Entzuendung der Atemwege , Bronchospasmus oder Schleimansammlungen im Lumen ist . Die Atemwegsobstruktion fuehrt zu Ventilations-Perfusions-Inhomogenitaeten , Hyperinflation und vermehrter Atemarbeit . Typisch fuer schwere Faelle ist die Unfaehigkeit zu sprechen , Schwitzen , Pulsus paradoxus , Einsatz der Atemhilfsmuskulatur , eine niedrige maximale exspiratorische Atemflussrate und ein Anstieg des Kohlendioxidpartialdrucks . Inhalative 2-Sympathomimetika , Theophyllin , systemisch Kortikosteroide und Sauerstoff sind die Therapie der Wahl . Anticholinergika spielen eine untergeordnete Rolle in der Therapie des Asthmaanfalls . Zu den Medikamenten mit umstrittener Wirksamkeit zaehlen Ketamin Magnesiumsulfat , Heliox und Antibiotika . , Die Bronchoskopie mit bronchoalveolaerer Lavage kann bisher nicht als Routinemethode in der Behandlung der Asthmatiker angesehen werden . Bei Patienten , die auf die medikamentoese Therapie nicht ansprechen , sollte fruehzeitig an die nicht-invasive Beatmung oder Intubation und maschinelle Beatmung gedacht werden . Die nicht-invasive Beatmung gehoert zu den vielversprechenden Methoden bei der Behandlung nicht intubierter Patienten . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

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Trotz gewachsenem Wissen ueber Pathophysiologie und Therapie des Asthmas wurde die Mortalitaet bisher nicht reduziert . Bei Patienten im Asthmaanfall kommt es zur fortschreitenden Atemwegsobstruktion , die stunden- oder tagelang anhalten kann und Folge von Entzuendung der Atemwege , Bronchospasmus oder Schleimansammlungen im Lumen ist . Die Atemwegsobstruktion fuehrt zu Ventilations-Perfusions-Inhomogenitaeten , Hyperinflation und vermehrter Atemarbeit . Typisch fuer schwere Faelle ist die Unfaehigkeit zu sprechen , Schwitzen , Pulsus paradoxus , Einsatz der Atemhilfsmuskulatur , eine niedrige maximale exspiratorische Atemflussrate und ein Anstieg des Kohlendioxidpartialdrucks . Inhalative 2-Sympathomimetika , Theophyllin , systemisch Kortikosteroide und Sauerstoff sind die Therapie der Wahl . Anticholinergika spielen eine untergeordnete Rolle in der Therapie des Asthmaanfalls . Zu den Medikamenten mit umstrittener Wirksamkeit zaehlen Ketamin Magnesiumsulfat , Heliox und Antibiotika . , Die Bronchoskopie mit bronchoalveolaerer Lavage kann bisher nicht als Routinemethode in der Behandlung der Asthmatiker angesehen werden . Bei Patienten , die auf die medikamentoese Therapie nicht ansprechen , sollte fruehzeitig an die nicht-invasive Beatmung oder Intubation und maschinelle Beatmung gedacht werden . Die nicht-invasive Beatmung gehoert zu den vielversprechenden Methoden bei der Behandlung nicht intubierter Patienten .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Wissen is an umlsterm, Pathophysiologie is an umlsterm, Therapie is an umlsterm, Asthmas is an umlsterm, Mortalitaet is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Asthmaanfall is an umlsterm, Atemwegsobstruktion is an umlsterm, Entzuendung is an umlsterm, Bronchospasmus is an umlsterm, Schleimansammlungen is an umlsterm, Atemwegsobstruktion is an umlsterm, Atemarbeit is an umlsterm, Schwitzen is an umlsterm, Kohlendioxidpartialdrucks is an umlsterm, Theophyllin is an umlsterm, Sauerstoff is an umlsterm, Therapie is an umlsterm, Anticholinergika is an umlsterm, Rolle is an umlsterm, Therapie is an umlsterm, Asthmaanfalls is an umlsterm, Medikamenten is an umlsterm, Ketamin is an umlsterm, Magnesiumsulfat is an umlsterm, Antibiotika is an umlsterm, Bronchoskopie is an umlsterm, Lavage is an umlsterm, Routinemethode is an umlsterm, Behandlung is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, medikamentoese Therapie is an umlsterm, Intubation is an umlsterm, Methoden is an umlsterm, Behandlung is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm

IntensiveMedizin.90360145.ger.abstr_task1

Sentence: Trotz gewachsenem Wissen ueber Pathophysiologie und Therapie des Asthmas wurde die Mortalitaet bisher nicht reduziert . Bei Patienten im Asthmaanfall kommt es zur fortschreitenden Atemwegsobstruktion , die stunden- oder tagelang anhalten kann und Folge von Entzuendung der Atemwege , Bronchospasmus oder Schleimansammlungen im Lumen ist . Die Atemwegsobstruktion fuehrt zu Ventilations-Perfusions-Inhomogenitaeten , Hyperinflation und vermehrter Atemarbeit . Typisch fuer schwere Faelle ist die Unfaehigkeit zu sprechen , Schwitzen , Pulsus paradoxus , Einsatz der Atemhilfsmuskulatur , eine niedrige maximale exspiratorische Atemflussrate und ein Anstieg des Kohlendioxidpartialdrucks . Inhalative 2-Sympathomimetika , Theophyllin , systemisch Kortikosteroide und Sauerstoff sind die Therapie der Wahl . Anticholinergika spielen eine untergeordnete Rolle in der Therapie des Asthmaanfalls . Zu den Medikamenten mit umstrittener Wirksamkeit zaehlen Ketamin Magnesiumsulfat , Heliox und Antibiotika . , Die Bronchoskopie mit bronchoalveolaerer Lavage kann bisher nicht als Routinemethode in der Behandlung der Asthmatiker angesehen werden . Bei Patienten , die auf die medikamentoese Therapie nicht ansprechen , sollte fruehzeitig an die nicht-invasive Beatmung oder Intubation und maschinelle Beatmung gedacht werden . Die nicht-invasive Beatmung gehoert zu den vielversprechenden Methoden bei der Behandlung nicht intubierter Patienten . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Wissen, Pathophysiologie, Therapie, Asthmas, Mortalitaet, Patienten, Asthmaanfall, Atemwegsobstruktion, Entzuendung, Bronchospasmus, Schleimansammlungen, Atemwegsobstruktion, Atemarbeit, Schwitzen, Kohlendioxidpartialdrucks, Theophyllin, Sauerstoff, Therapie, Anticholinergika, Rolle, Therapie, Asthmaanfalls, Medikamenten, Ketamin, Magnesiumsulfat, Antibiotika, Bronchoskopie, Lavage, Routinemethode, Behandlung, Patienten, medikamentoese Therapie, Intubation, Methoden, Behandlung, Patienten Options: umlsterm

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Trotz gewachsenem Wissen ueber Pathophysiologie und Therapie des Asthmas wurde die Mortalitaet bisher nicht reduziert . Bei Patienten im Asthmaanfall kommt es zur fortschreitenden Atemwegsobstruktion , die stunden- oder tagelang anhalten kann und Folge von Entzuendung der Atemwege , Bronchospasmus oder Schleimansammlungen im Lumen ist . Die Atemwegsobstruktion fuehrt zu Ventilations-Perfusions-Inhomogenitaeten , Hyperinflation und vermehrter Atemarbeit . Typisch fuer schwere Faelle ist die Unfaehigkeit zu sprechen , Schwitzen , Pulsus paradoxus , Einsatz der Atemhilfsmuskulatur , eine niedrige maximale exspiratorische Atemflussrate und ein Anstieg des Kohlendioxidpartialdrucks . Inhalative 2-Sympathomimetika , Theophyllin , systemisch Kortikosteroide und Sauerstoff sind die Therapie der Wahl . Anticholinergika spielen eine untergeordnete Rolle in der Therapie des Asthmaanfalls . Zu den Medikamenten mit umstrittener Wirksamkeit zaehlen Ketamin Magnesiumsulfat , Heliox und Antibiotika . , Die Bronchoskopie mit bronchoalveolaerer Lavage kann bisher nicht als Routinemethode in der Behandlung der Asthmatiker angesehen werden . Bei Patienten , die auf die medikamentoese Therapie nicht ansprechen , sollte fruehzeitig an die nicht-invasive Beatmung oder Intubation und maschinelle Beatmung gedacht werden . Die nicht-invasive Beatmung gehoert zu den vielversprechenden Methoden bei der Behandlung nicht intubierter Patienten .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Wissen, Pathophysiologie, Therapie, Asthmas, Mortalitaet, Patienten, Asthmaanfall, Atemwegsobstruktion, Entzuendung, Bronchospasmus, Schleimansammlungen, Atemwegsobstruktion, Atemarbeit, Schwitzen, Kohlendioxidpartialdrucks, Theophyllin, Sauerstoff, Therapie, Anticholinergika, Rolle, Therapie, Asthmaanfalls, Medikamenten, Ketamin, Magnesiumsulfat, Antibiotika, Bronchoskopie, Lavage, Routinemethode, Behandlung, Patienten, medikamentoese Therapie, Intubation, Methoden, Behandlung, Patienten

IntensiveMedizin.90360145.ger.abstr_task2

Sentence: Trotz gewachsenem Wissen ueber Pathophysiologie und Therapie des Asthmas wurde die Mortalitaet bisher nicht reduziert . Bei Patienten im Asthmaanfall kommt es zur fortschreitenden Atemwegsobstruktion , die stunden- oder tagelang anhalten kann und Folge von Entzuendung der Atemwege , Bronchospasmus oder Schleimansammlungen im Lumen ist . Die Atemwegsobstruktion fuehrt zu Ventilations-Perfusions-Inhomogenitaeten , Hyperinflation und vermehrter Atemarbeit . Typisch fuer schwere Faelle ist die Unfaehigkeit zu sprechen , Schwitzen , Pulsus paradoxus , Einsatz der Atemhilfsmuskulatur , eine niedrige maximale exspiratorische Atemflussrate und ein Anstieg des Kohlendioxidpartialdrucks . Inhalative 2-Sympathomimetika , Theophyllin , systemisch Kortikosteroide und Sauerstoff sind die Therapie der Wahl . Anticholinergika spielen eine untergeordnete Rolle in der Therapie des Asthmaanfalls . Zu den Medikamenten mit umstrittener Wirksamkeit zaehlen Ketamin Magnesiumsulfat , Heliox und Antibiotika . , Die Bronchoskopie mit bronchoalveolaerer Lavage kann bisher nicht als Routinemethode in der Behandlung der Asthmatiker angesehen werden . Bei Patienten , die auf die medikamentoese Therapie nicht ansprechen , sollte fruehzeitig an die nicht-invasive Beatmung oder Intubation und maschinelle Beatmung gedacht werden . Die nicht-invasive Beatmung gehoert zu den vielversprechenden Methoden bei der Behandlung nicht intubierter Patienten . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Trotz gewachsenem Wissen ueber Pathophysiologie und Therapie des Asthmas wurde die Mortalitaet bisher nicht reduziert . Bei Patienten im Asthmaanfall kommt es zur fortschreitenden Atemwegsobstruktion , die stunden- oder tagelang anhalten kann und Folge von Entzuendung der Atemwege , Bronchospasmus oder Schleimansammlungen im Lumen ist . Die Atemwegsobstruktion fuehrt zu Ventilations-Perfusions-Inhomogenitaeten , Hyperinflation und vermehrter Atemarbeit . Typisch fuer schwere Faelle ist die Unfaehigkeit zu sprechen , Schwitzen , Pulsus paradoxus , Einsatz der Atemhilfsmuskulatur , eine niedrige maximale exspiratorische Atemflussrate und ein Anstieg des Kohlendioxidpartialdrucks . Inhalative 2-Sympathomimetika , Theophyllin , systemisch Kortikosteroide und Sauerstoff sind die Therapie der Wahl . Anticholinergika spielen eine untergeordnete Rolle in der Therapie des Asthmaanfalls . Zu den Medikamenten mit umstrittener Wirksamkeit zaehlen Ketamin Magnesiumsulfat , Heliox und Antibiotika . , Die Bronchoskopie mit bronchoalveolaerer Lavage kann bisher nicht als Routinemethode in der Behandlung der Asthmatiker angesehen werden . Bei Patienten , die auf die medikamentoese Therapie nicht ansprechen , sollte fruehzeitig an die nicht-invasive Beatmung oder Intubation und maschinelle Beatmung gedacht werden . Die nicht-invasive Beatmung gehoert zu den vielversprechenden Methoden bei der Behandlung nicht intubierter Patienten .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Standard - Sprotte - Kanuele is an umlsterm, Kunststofframpe is an umlsterm, Zulassung is an umlsterm, Handel is an umlsterm, Konstruktionsmerkmalen is an umlsterm, Standard - Sprotte - Kanuele is an umlsterm

DerAnaesthesist.50440789.ger.abstr_task0

Sentence: Die Standard-Sprotte-Kanuele wurde mit einer Kunststofframpe zum gerichteten Einfuehren von Kathetern ausgeruestet und die Oeffnungsgeometrie fuer die epidurale Anwendung geringfuegig modifiziert , sie erhielt die Typenbezeichnung " Spezial-Sprotte-Kanuele " . Mit einem Aussendurchmesser von 1,1 mm ( 19,5 G ) und einem 23 G Katheter wurde sie als atraumatische Alternative zur Tuohy-Kanuele zur Serienreife entwickelt , und erhielt die FDA Zulassung . Fuer die kontinuierliche Spinalanaesthesie ist diese Kanuele ohne Modifikation der Oeffnungsgeometrie und mit kleineren Durchmessern seit 1989 im Handel . Die Spezial-Sprotte-Kanuele " " vereint in ihren Konstruktionsmerkmalen alle Eigenschaften , die eine Verminderung des Punktionsrisikos gegenueber dem herkoemmlichen Instrumentarium versprechen . Sie ist in Verbindung mit einer 27- oder 29 G Standard-Sprotte-Kanuele zur Durchfuehrung der kombinierten Spinal-Katheterperiduralanaesthesie geeignet . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

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Die Standard-Sprotte-Kanuele wurde mit einer Kunststofframpe zum gerichteten Einfuehren von Kathetern ausgeruestet und die Oeffnungsgeometrie fuer die epidurale Anwendung geringfuegig modifiziert , sie erhielt die Typenbezeichnung " Spezial-Sprotte-Kanuele " . Mit einem Aussendurchmesser von 1,1 mm ( 19,5 G ) und einem 23 G Katheter wurde sie als atraumatische Alternative zur Tuohy-Kanuele zur Serienreife entwickelt , und erhielt die FDA Zulassung . Fuer die kontinuierliche Spinalanaesthesie ist diese Kanuele ohne Modifikation der Oeffnungsgeometrie und mit kleineren Durchmessern seit 1989 im Handel . Die Spezial-Sprotte-Kanuele " " vereint in ihren Konstruktionsmerkmalen alle Eigenschaften , die eine Verminderung des Punktionsrisikos gegenueber dem herkoemmlichen Instrumentarium versprechen . Sie ist in Verbindung mit einer 27- oder 29 G Standard-Sprotte-Kanuele zur Durchfuehrung der kombinierten Spinal-Katheterperiduralanaesthesie geeignet .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Standard - Sprotte - Kanuele is an umlsterm, Kunststofframpe is an umlsterm, Zulassung is an umlsterm, Handel is an umlsterm, Konstruktionsmerkmalen is an umlsterm, Standard - Sprotte - Kanuele is an umlsterm

DerAnaesthesist.50440789.ger.abstr_task1

Sentence: Die Standard-Sprotte-Kanuele wurde mit einer Kunststofframpe zum gerichteten Einfuehren von Kathetern ausgeruestet und die Oeffnungsgeometrie fuer die epidurale Anwendung geringfuegig modifiziert , sie erhielt die Typenbezeichnung " Spezial-Sprotte-Kanuele " . Mit einem Aussendurchmesser von 1,1 mm ( 19,5 G ) und einem 23 G Katheter wurde sie als atraumatische Alternative zur Tuohy-Kanuele zur Serienreife entwickelt , und erhielt die FDA Zulassung . Fuer die kontinuierliche Spinalanaesthesie ist diese Kanuele ohne Modifikation der Oeffnungsgeometrie und mit kleineren Durchmessern seit 1989 im Handel . Die Spezial-Sprotte-Kanuele " " vereint in ihren Konstruktionsmerkmalen alle Eigenschaften , die eine Verminderung des Punktionsrisikos gegenueber dem herkoemmlichen Instrumentarium versprechen . Sie ist in Verbindung mit einer 27- oder 29 G Standard-Sprotte-Kanuele zur Durchfuehrung der kombinierten Spinal-Katheterperiduralanaesthesie geeignet . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Standard - Sprotte - Kanuele, Kunststofframpe, Zulassung, Handel, Konstruktionsmerkmalen, Standard - Sprotte - Kanuele Options: umlsterm

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Die Standard-Sprotte-Kanuele wurde mit einer Kunststofframpe zum gerichteten Einfuehren von Kathetern ausgeruestet und die Oeffnungsgeometrie fuer die epidurale Anwendung geringfuegig modifiziert , sie erhielt die Typenbezeichnung " Spezial-Sprotte-Kanuele " . Mit einem Aussendurchmesser von 1,1 mm ( 19,5 G ) und einem 23 G Katheter wurde sie als atraumatische Alternative zur Tuohy-Kanuele zur Serienreife entwickelt , und erhielt die FDA Zulassung . Fuer die kontinuierliche Spinalanaesthesie ist diese Kanuele ohne Modifikation der Oeffnungsgeometrie und mit kleineren Durchmessern seit 1989 im Handel . Die Spezial-Sprotte-Kanuele " " vereint in ihren Konstruktionsmerkmalen alle Eigenschaften , die eine Verminderung des Punktionsrisikos gegenueber dem herkoemmlichen Instrumentarium versprechen . Sie ist in Verbindung mit einer 27- oder 29 G Standard-Sprotte-Kanuele zur Durchfuehrung der kombinierten Spinal-Katheterperiduralanaesthesie geeignet .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Standard - Sprotte - Kanuele, Kunststofframpe, Zulassung, Handel, Konstruktionsmerkmalen, Standard - Sprotte - Kanuele

DerAnaesthesist.50440789.ger.abstr_task2

Sentence: Die Standard-Sprotte-Kanuele wurde mit einer Kunststofframpe zum gerichteten Einfuehren von Kathetern ausgeruestet und die Oeffnungsgeometrie fuer die epidurale Anwendung geringfuegig modifiziert , sie erhielt die Typenbezeichnung " Spezial-Sprotte-Kanuele " . Mit einem Aussendurchmesser von 1,1 mm ( 19,5 G ) und einem 23 G Katheter wurde sie als atraumatische Alternative zur Tuohy-Kanuele zur Serienreife entwickelt , und erhielt die FDA Zulassung . Fuer die kontinuierliche Spinalanaesthesie ist diese Kanuele ohne Modifikation der Oeffnungsgeometrie und mit kleineren Durchmessern seit 1989 im Handel . Die Spezial-Sprotte-Kanuele " " vereint in ihren Konstruktionsmerkmalen alle Eigenschaften , die eine Verminderung des Punktionsrisikos gegenueber dem herkoemmlichen Instrumentarium versprechen . Sie ist in Verbindung mit einer 27- oder 29 G Standard-Sprotte-Kanuele zur Durchfuehrung der kombinierten Spinal-Katheterperiduralanaesthesie geeignet . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Die Standard-Sprotte-Kanuele wurde mit einer Kunststofframpe zum gerichteten Einfuehren von Kathetern ausgeruestet und die Oeffnungsgeometrie fuer die epidurale Anwendung geringfuegig modifiziert , sie erhielt die Typenbezeichnung " Spezial-Sprotte-Kanuele " . Mit einem Aussendurchmesser von 1,1 mm ( 19,5 G ) und einem 23 G Katheter wurde sie als atraumatische Alternative zur Tuohy-Kanuele zur Serienreife entwickelt , und erhielt die FDA Zulassung . Fuer die kontinuierliche Spinalanaesthesie ist diese Kanuele ohne Modifikation der Oeffnungsgeometrie und mit kleineren Durchmessern seit 1989 im Handel . Die Spezial-Sprotte-Kanuele " " vereint in ihren Konstruktionsmerkmalen alle Eigenschaften , die eine Verminderung des Punktionsrisikos gegenueber dem herkoemmlichen Instrumentarium versprechen . Sie ist in Verbindung mit einer 27- oder 29 G Standard-Sprotte-Kanuele zur Durchfuehrung der kombinierten Spinal-Katheterperiduralanaesthesie geeignet .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

nitric oxide synthase is a protein, iNOS is a protein, cyclooxygenase 2 is a protein, COX-2 is a protein, copper is a compound

DS.d1480_task0

Sentence: Furthermore, increased production of high inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expressions were detected in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of copper and cholesterol co-treated mice by immunohistochemical analysis. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: compound, protein

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Furthermore, increased production of high inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expressions were detected in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of copper and cholesterol co-treated mice by immunohistochemical analysis.

[ "Furthermore", ",", "increased", "production", "of", "high", "inducible", "nitric", "oxide", "synthase", "(", "iNOS", ")", "and", "cyclooxygenase", "2", "(", "COX-2", ")", "expressions", "were", "detected", "in", "the", "hippocampus", "and", "cerebral", "cortex", "of", "copper", "and", "cholesterol", "co", "-", "treated", "mice", "by", "immunohistochemical", "analysis", "." ]

[ "protein", "compound" ]

nitric oxide synthase is a protein, iNOS is a protein, cyclooxygenase 2 is a protein, COX-2 is a protein, copper is a compound

DS.d1480_task1

Sentence: Furthermore, increased production of high inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expressions were detected in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of copper and cholesterol co-treated mice by immunohistochemical analysis. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: nitric oxide synthase, iNOS, cyclooxygenase 2, COX-2, copper Options: compound, protein

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Furthermore, increased production of high inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expressions were detected in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of copper and cholesterol co-treated mice by immunohistochemical analysis.

[ "Furthermore", ",", "increased", "production", "of", "high", "inducible", "nitric", "oxide", "synthase", "(", "iNOS", ")", "and", "cyclooxygenase", "2", "(", "COX-2", ")", "expressions", "were", "detected", "in", "the", "hippocampus", "and", "cerebral", "cortex", "of", "copper", "and", "cholesterol", "co", "-", "treated", "mice", "by", "immunohistochemical", "analysis", "." ]

[ "protein", "compound" ]

nitric oxide synthase, iNOS, cyclooxygenase 2, COX-2, copper

DS.d1480_task2

Sentence: Furthermore, increased production of high inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expressions were detected in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of copper and cholesterol co-treated mice by immunohistochemical analysis. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Furthermore, increased production of high inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expressions were detected in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of copper and cholesterol co-treated mice by immunohistochemical analysis.

[ "Furthermore", ",", "increased", "production", "of", "high", "inducible", "nitric", "oxide", "synthase", "(", "iNOS", ")", "and", "cyclooxygenase", "2", "(", "COX-2", ")", "expressions", "were", "detected", "in", "the", "hippocampus", "and", "cerebral", "cortex", "of", "copper", "and", "cholesterol", "co", "-", "treated", "mice", "by", "immunohistochemical", "analysis", "." ]

[ "protein", "compound" ]

granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor is a Protein, Granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, proximal promoter is a Entity, DNase I is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, Tax is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, interleukin 3 is a Protein, kappaB element is a Entity, GM - CSF is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein

8662666_task0

Sentence: DNA triplex formation selectively inhibits granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene expression in human T cells. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a hemopoietic growth factor that is expressed in activated T cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Although GM-CSF does not appear to be essential for normal hemopoiesis, overexpression of GM-CSF has been implicated in the pathogenesis of some diseases such as myeloid leukemia and chronic inflammation. An NF-kappaB/Rel binding site within the GM-CSF promoter, termed the kappaB element appears to be important for controlling expression in reporter gene assays in response to a number of stimuli in T cells. We investigated oligonucleotide-directed triple helix formation across this regulatory sequence as a potential tool to inhibit GM-CSF gene transcription. A 15-base oligonucleotide, GM3, was targeted to a purine-rich region in the GM-CSF proximal promoter, which overlaps the kappaB element. Gel mobility shift assays and DNase I footprinting demonstrated that GM3 formed a sequence-specific collinear triplex with its double-stranded DNA target. Triplex formation by GM3 blocked recombinant and nuclear NF-kappaB proteins binding to the GM-CSF element. GM3 also caused selective inhibition of the human T-cell lymphotrophic virus-1 Tax transactivator-induced luciferase activity from a reporter construct driven by the GM-CSF promoter in Jurkat T cells. Finally, GM3 greatly reduced the concentration of endogenous GM-CSF mRNA induced by different stimuli in Jurkat T cells but did not affect interleukin 3 mRNA levels in the same cells. We conclude that the kappaB element in the GM-CSF promoter plays a central role in the transcriptional activation of the endogenous GM-CSF gene. Colinear triplex formation acts as a selective transcriptional repressor of the GM-CSF gene and may have potential therapeutic application in cases of undesirable overexpression of this protein. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Entity, Protein

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DNA triplex formation selectively inhibits granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene expression in human T cells. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a hemopoietic growth factor that is expressed in activated T cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Although GM-CSF does not appear to be essential for normal hemopoiesis, overexpression of GM-CSF has been implicated in the pathogenesis of some diseases such as myeloid leukemia and chronic inflammation. An NF-kappaB/Rel binding site within the GM-CSF promoter, termed the kappaB element appears to be important for controlling expression in reporter gene assays in response to a number of stimuli in T cells. We investigated oligonucleotide-directed triple helix formation across this regulatory sequence as a potential tool to inhibit GM-CSF gene transcription. A 15-base oligonucleotide, GM3, was targeted to a purine-rich region in the GM-CSF proximal promoter, which overlaps the kappaB element. Gel mobility shift assays and DNase I footprinting demonstrated that GM3 formed a sequence-specific collinear triplex with its double-stranded DNA target. Triplex formation by GM3 blocked recombinant and nuclear NF-kappaB proteins binding to the GM-CSF element. GM3 also caused selective inhibition of the human T-cell lymphotrophic virus-1 Tax transactivator-induced luciferase activity from a reporter construct driven by the GM-CSF promoter in Jurkat T cells. Finally, GM3 greatly reduced the concentration of endogenous GM-CSF mRNA induced by different stimuli in Jurkat T cells but did not affect interleukin 3 mRNA levels in the same cells. We conclude that the kappaB element in the GM-CSF promoter plays a central role in the transcriptional activation of the endogenous GM-CSF gene. Colinear triplex formation acts as a selective transcriptional repressor of the GM-CSF gene and may have potential therapeutic application in cases of undesirable overexpression of this protein.

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[ "Protein", "Entity" ]

granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor is a Protein, Granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, proximal promoter is a Entity, DNase I is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, Tax is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, interleukin 3 is a Protein, kappaB element is a Entity, GM - CSF is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein

8662666_task1

Sentence: DNA triplex formation selectively inhibits granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene expression in human T cells. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a hemopoietic growth factor that is expressed in activated T cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Although GM-CSF does not appear to be essential for normal hemopoiesis, overexpression of GM-CSF has been implicated in the pathogenesis of some diseases such as myeloid leukemia and chronic inflammation. An NF-kappaB/Rel binding site within the GM-CSF promoter, termed the kappaB element appears to be important for controlling expression in reporter gene assays in response to a number of stimuli in T cells. We investigated oligonucleotide-directed triple helix formation across this regulatory sequence as a potential tool to inhibit GM-CSF gene transcription. A 15-base oligonucleotide, GM3, was targeted to a purine-rich region in the GM-CSF proximal promoter, which overlaps the kappaB element. Gel mobility shift assays and DNase I footprinting demonstrated that GM3 formed a sequence-specific collinear triplex with its double-stranded DNA target. Triplex formation by GM3 blocked recombinant and nuclear NF-kappaB proteins binding to the GM-CSF element. GM3 also caused selective inhibition of the human T-cell lymphotrophic virus-1 Tax transactivator-induced luciferase activity from a reporter construct driven by the GM-CSF promoter in Jurkat T cells. Finally, GM3 greatly reduced the concentration of endogenous GM-CSF mRNA induced by different stimuli in Jurkat T cells but did not affect interleukin 3 mRNA levels in the same cells. We conclude that the kappaB element in the GM-CSF promoter plays a central role in the transcriptional activation of the endogenous GM-CSF gene. Colinear triplex formation acts as a selective transcriptional repressor of the GM-CSF gene and may have potential therapeutic application in cases of undesirable overexpression of this protein. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor, Granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor, GM - CSF, GM - CSF, GM - CSF, GM - CSF, GM - CSF, GM - CSF, proximal promoter, DNase I, GM - CSF, Tax, GM - CSF, GM - CSF, interleukin 3, kappaB element, GM - CSF, GM - CSF, GM - CSF Options: Entity, Protein

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DNA triplex formation selectively inhibits granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene expression in human T cells. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a hemopoietic growth factor that is expressed in activated T cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Although GM-CSF does not appear to be essential for normal hemopoiesis, overexpression of GM-CSF has been implicated in the pathogenesis of some diseases such as myeloid leukemia and chronic inflammation. An NF-kappaB/Rel binding site within the GM-CSF promoter, termed the kappaB element appears to be important for controlling expression in reporter gene assays in response to a number of stimuli in T cells. We investigated oligonucleotide-directed triple helix formation across this regulatory sequence as a potential tool to inhibit GM-CSF gene transcription. A 15-base oligonucleotide, GM3, was targeted to a purine-rich region in the GM-CSF proximal promoter, which overlaps the kappaB element. Gel mobility shift assays and DNase I footprinting demonstrated that GM3 formed a sequence-specific collinear triplex with its double-stranded DNA target. Triplex formation by GM3 blocked recombinant and nuclear NF-kappaB proteins binding to the GM-CSF element. GM3 also caused selective inhibition of the human T-cell lymphotrophic virus-1 Tax transactivator-induced luciferase activity from a reporter construct driven by the GM-CSF promoter in Jurkat T cells. Finally, GM3 greatly reduced the concentration of endogenous GM-CSF mRNA induced by different stimuli in Jurkat T cells but did not affect interleukin 3 mRNA levels in the same cells. We conclude that the kappaB element in the GM-CSF promoter plays a central role in the transcriptional activation of the endogenous GM-CSF gene. Colinear triplex formation acts as a selective transcriptional repressor of the GM-CSF gene and may have potential therapeutic application in cases of undesirable overexpression of this protein.

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[ "Protein", "Entity" ]

granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor, Granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor, GM - CSF, GM - CSF, GM - CSF, GM - CSF, GM - CSF, GM - CSF, proximal promoter, DNase I, GM - CSF, Tax, GM - CSF, GM - CSF, interleukin 3, kappaB element, GM - CSF, GM - CSF, GM - CSF

8662666_task2

Sentence: DNA triplex formation selectively inhibits granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene expression in human T cells. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a hemopoietic growth factor that is expressed in activated T cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Although GM-CSF does not appear to be essential for normal hemopoiesis, overexpression of GM-CSF has been implicated in the pathogenesis of some diseases such as myeloid leukemia and chronic inflammation. An NF-kappaB/Rel binding site within the GM-CSF promoter, termed the kappaB element appears to be important for controlling expression in reporter gene assays in response to a number of stimuli in T cells. We investigated oligonucleotide-directed triple helix formation across this regulatory sequence as a potential tool to inhibit GM-CSF gene transcription. A 15-base oligonucleotide, GM3, was targeted to a purine-rich region in the GM-CSF proximal promoter, which overlaps the kappaB element. Gel mobility shift assays and DNase I footprinting demonstrated that GM3 formed a sequence-specific collinear triplex with its double-stranded DNA target. Triplex formation by GM3 blocked recombinant and nuclear NF-kappaB proteins binding to the GM-CSF element. GM3 also caused selective inhibition of the human T-cell lymphotrophic virus-1 Tax transactivator-induced luciferase activity from a reporter construct driven by the GM-CSF promoter in Jurkat T cells. Finally, GM3 greatly reduced the concentration of endogenous GM-CSF mRNA induced by different stimuli in Jurkat T cells but did not affect interleukin 3 mRNA levels in the same cells. We conclude that the kappaB element in the GM-CSF promoter plays a central role in the transcriptional activation of the endogenous GM-CSF gene. Colinear triplex formation acts as a selective transcriptional repressor of the GM-CSF gene and may have potential therapeutic application in cases of undesirable overexpression of this protein. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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DNA triplex formation selectively inhibits granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene expression in human T cells. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a hemopoietic growth factor that is expressed in activated T cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Although GM-CSF does not appear to be essential for normal hemopoiesis, overexpression of GM-CSF has been implicated in the pathogenesis of some diseases such as myeloid leukemia and chronic inflammation. An NF-kappaB/Rel binding site within the GM-CSF promoter, termed the kappaB element appears to be important for controlling expression in reporter gene assays in response to a number of stimuli in T cells. We investigated oligonucleotide-directed triple helix formation across this regulatory sequence as a potential tool to inhibit GM-CSF gene transcription. A 15-base oligonucleotide, GM3, was targeted to a purine-rich region in the GM-CSF proximal promoter, which overlaps the kappaB element. Gel mobility shift assays and DNase I footprinting demonstrated that GM3 formed a sequence-specific collinear triplex with its double-stranded DNA target. Triplex formation by GM3 blocked recombinant and nuclear NF-kappaB proteins binding to the GM-CSF element. GM3 also caused selective inhibition of the human T-cell lymphotrophic virus-1 Tax transactivator-induced luciferase activity from a reporter construct driven by the GM-CSF promoter in Jurkat T cells. Finally, GM3 greatly reduced the concentration of endogenous GM-CSF mRNA induced by different stimuli in Jurkat T cells but did not affect interleukin 3 mRNA levels in the same cells. We conclude that the kappaB element in the GM-CSF promoter plays a central role in the transcriptional activation of the endogenous GM-CSF gene. Colinear triplex formation acts as a selective transcriptional repressor of the GM-CSF gene and may have potential therapeutic application in cases of undesirable overexpression of this protein.

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[ "Protein", "Entity" ]

sirolimus is a Chemicals & Drugs

15307_task0

Sentence: Conversion to sirolimus in kidney-pancreas and pancreas transplantation. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Chemicals & Drugs

[ "O", "O", "B-Chemicals & Drugs", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Conversion to sirolimus in kidney-pancreas and pancreas transplantation.

[ "Conversion", "to", "sirolimus", "in", "kidney", "-", "pancreas", "and", "pancreas", "transplantation", "." ]

[ "Chemicals & Drugs", "", "Diseases & Disorders" ]

sirolimus is a Chemicals & Drugs

15307_task1

Sentence: Conversion to sirolimus in kidney-pancreas and pancreas transplantation. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: sirolimus Options: Chemicals & Drugs

[ "O", "O", "B-Chemicals & Drugs", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Conversion to sirolimus in kidney-pancreas and pancreas transplantation.

[ "Conversion", "to", "sirolimus", "in", "kidney", "-", "pancreas", "and", "pancreas", "transplantation", "." ]

[ "Chemicals & Drugs", "", "Diseases & Disorders" ]

sirolimus

15307_task2

Sentence: Conversion to sirolimus in kidney-pancreas and pancreas transplantation. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "B-Chemicals & Drugs", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Conversion to sirolimus in kidney-pancreas and pancreas transplantation.

[ "Conversion", "to", "sirolimus", "in", "kidney", "-", "pancreas", "and", "pancreas", "transplantation", "." ]

[ "Chemicals & Drugs", "", "Diseases & Disorders" ]

Gefaesssonographie is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Arteriographie is an umlsterm, farbkodierter is an umlsterm, Hoehe is an umlsterm, Systole - Diastole - Verhaeltnis is an umlsterm, Strompulskurven is an umlsterm, farbkodierten is an umlsterm, Fistel is an umlsterm, Angiographie is an umlsterm

DerNervenarzt.70680139.ger.abstr_task0

Sentence: Die kraniale Durafistel ist ein seltenes Krankheitsbild und wird nur in einem kleinen Teil der Faelle frueh diagnostiziert . Zur Frage moeglicher diagnostischer Fortschritte durch die Gefaesssonographie berichten wir ueber 7 Patienten mit lateralen Durafisteln und Zufluessen aus der A. carotis externa . Die Untersuchung erfolgte vor der selektiven Arteriographie mit cw-Dopplersonographie und farbkodierter Duplexsonographie . Sonographische Kriterien zum Nachweis einer Mehrdurchstroemung beruecksichtigen die Hoehe der Stroemungsgeschwindigkeit und das Systole-Diastole-Verhaeltnis der Strompulskurven ( Pulsatilitaet ) . In allen Faellen liess sich eine Mehrdurchstroemung der A. carotis externa und A. carotis communis nachweisen ; meist fanden sich pathologische Befunde auch an der A. occipitalis , seltener an der kontralateralen A. carotis externa oder der ipsilateralen A. vertebralis . Eine Fehlermoeglichkeit durch Verwechslung von Gefaessen ergab sich bei der cw-Dopplersonographie , nicht bei der farbkodierten Duplexsonographie . Danach sind kraniale Durafisteln , sofern das Shuntvolumen ausreichend hoch ist , mit indirekten dopplersonographischen Kriterien zu erkennen . Zur direkten Darstellung der Fistel und ihrer Zufluesse ist eine superselektive Angiographie erforderlich , in deren Rahmen dann auch die endovaskulaere Embolisation durchgefuehrt werden kann . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

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Die kraniale Durafistel ist ein seltenes Krankheitsbild und wird nur in einem kleinen Teil der Faelle frueh diagnostiziert . Zur Frage moeglicher diagnostischer Fortschritte durch die Gefaesssonographie berichten wir ueber 7 Patienten mit lateralen Durafisteln und Zufluessen aus der A. carotis externa . Die Untersuchung erfolgte vor der selektiven Arteriographie mit cw-Dopplersonographie und farbkodierter Duplexsonographie . Sonographische Kriterien zum Nachweis einer Mehrdurchstroemung beruecksichtigen die Hoehe der Stroemungsgeschwindigkeit und das Systole-Diastole-Verhaeltnis der Strompulskurven ( Pulsatilitaet ) . In allen Faellen liess sich eine Mehrdurchstroemung der A. carotis externa und A. carotis communis nachweisen ; meist fanden sich pathologische Befunde auch an der A. occipitalis , seltener an der kontralateralen A. carotis externa oder der ipsilateralen A. vertebralis . Eine Fehlermoeglichkeit durch Verwechslung von Gefaessen ergab sich bei der cw-Dopplersonographie , nicht bei der farbkodierten Duplexsonographie . Danach sind kraniale Durafisteln , sofern das Shuntvolumen ausreichend hoch ist , mit indirekten dopplersonographischen Kriterien zu erkennen . Zur direkten Darstellung der Fistel und ihrer Zufluesse ist eine superselektive Angiographie erforderlich , in deren Rahmen dann auch die endovaskulaere Embolisation durchgefuehrt werden kann .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Gefaesssonographie is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Arteriographie is an umlsterm, farbkodierter is an umlsterm, Hoehe is an umlsterm, Systole - Diastole - Verhaeltnis is an umlsterm, Strompulskurven is an umlsterm, farbkodierten is an umlsterm, Fistel is an umlsterm, Angiographie is an umlsterm

DerNervenarzt.70680139.ger.abstr_task1

Sentence: Die kraniale Durafistel ist ein seltenes Krankheitsbild und wird nur in einem kleinen Teil der Faelle frueh diagnostiziert . Zur Frage moeglicher diagnostischer Fortschritte durch die Gefaesssonographie berichten wir ueber 7 Patienten mit lateralen Durafisteln und Zufluessen aus der A. carotis externa . Die Untersuchung erfolgte vor der selektiven Arteriographie mit cw-Dopplersonographie und farbkodierter Duplexsonographie . Sonographische Kriterien zum Nachweis einer Mehrdurchstroemung beruecksichtigen die Hoehe der Stroemungsgeschwindigkeit und das Systole-Diastole-Verhaeltnis der Strompulskurven ( Pulsatilitaet ) . In allen Faellen liess sich eine Mehrdurchstroemung der A. carotis externa und A. carotis communis nachweisen ; meist fanden sich pathologische Befunde auch an der A. occipitalis , seltener an der kontralateralen A. carotis externa oder der ipsilateralen A. vertebralis . Eine Fehlermoeglichkeit durch Verwechslung von Gefaessen ergab sich bei der cw-Dopplersonographie , nicht bei der farbkodierten Duplexsonographie . Danach sind kraniale Durafisteln , sofern das Shuntvolumen ausreichend hoch ist , mit indirekten dopplersonographischen Kriterien zu erkennen . Zur direkten Darstellung der Fistel und ihrer Zufluesse ist eine superselektive Angiographie erforderlich , in deren Rahmen dann auch die endovaskulaere Embolisation durchgefuehrt werden kann . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Gefaesssonographie, Patienten, Arteriographie, farbkodierter, Hoehe, Systole - Diastole - Verhaeltnis, Strompulskurven, farbkodierten, Fistel, Angiographie Options: umlsterm

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Die kraniale Durafistel ist ein seltenes Krankheitsbild und wird nur in einem kleinen Teil der Faelle frueh diagnostiziert . Zur Frage moeglicher diagnostischer Fortschritte durch die Gefaesssonographie berichten wir ueber 7 Patienten mit lateralen Durafisteln und Zufluessen aus der A. carotis externa . Die Untersuchung erfolgte vor der selektiven Arteriographie mit cw-Dopplersonographie und farbkodierter Duplexsonographie . Sonographische Kriterien zum Nachweis einer Mehrdurchstroemung beruecksichtigen die Hoehe der Stroemungsgeschwindigkeit und das Systole-Diastole-Verhaeltnis der Strompulskurven ( Pulsatilitaet ) . In allen Faellen liess sich eine Mehrdurchstroemung der A. carotis externa und A. carotis communis nachweisen ; meist fanden sich pathologische Befunde auch an der A. occipitalis , seltener an der kontralateralen A. carotis externa oder der ipsilateralen A. vertebralis . Eine Fehlermoeglichkeit durch Verwechslung von Gefaessen ergab sich bei der cw-Dopplersonographie , nicht bei der farbkodierten Duplexsonographie . Danach sind kraniale Durafisteln , sofern das Shuntvolumen ausreichend hoch ist , mit indirekten dopplersonographischen Kriterien zu erkennen . Zur direkten Darstellung der Fistel und ihrer Zufluesse ist eine superselektive Angiographie erforderlich , in deren Rahmen dann auch die endovaskulaere Embolisation durchgefuehrt werden kann .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Gefaesssonographie, Patienten, Arteriographie, farbkodierter, Hoehe, Systole - Diastole - Verhaeltnis, Strompulskurven, farbkodierten, Fistel, Angiographie

DerNervenarzt.70680139.ger.abstr_task2

Sentence: Die kraniale Durafistel ist ein seltenes Krankheitsbild und wird nur in einem kleinen Teil der Faelle frueh diagnostiziert . Zur Frage moeglicher diagnostischer Fortschritte durch die Gefaesssonographie berichten wir ueber 7 Patienten mit lateralen Durafisteln und Zufluessen aus der A. carotis externa . Die Untersuchung erfolgte vor der selektiven Arteriographie mit cw-Dopplersonographie und farbkodierter Duplexsonographie . Sonographische Kriterien zum Nachweis einer Mehrdurchstroemung beruecksichtigen die Hoehe der Stroemungsgeschwindigkeit und das Systole-Diastole-Verhaeltnis der Strompulskurven ( Pulsatilitaet ) . In allen Faellen liess sich eine Mehrdurchstroemung der A. carotis externa und A. carotis communis nachweisen ; meist fanden sich pathologische Befunde auch an der A. occipitalis , seltener an der kontralateralen A. carotis externa oder der ipsilateralen A. vertebralis . Eine Fehlermoeglichkeit durch Verwechslung von Gefaessen ergab sich bei der cw-Dopplersonographie , nicht bei der farbkodierten Duplexsonographie . Danach sind kraniale Durafisteln , sofern das Shuntvolumen ausreichend hoch ist , mit indirekten dopplersonographischen Kriterien zu erkennen . Zur direkten Darstellung der Fistel und ihrer Zufluesse ist eine superselektive Angiographie erforderlich , in deren Rahmen dann auch die endovaskulaere Embolisation durchgefuehrt werden kann . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Die kraniale Durafistel ist ein seltenes Krankheitsbild und wird nur in einem kleinen Teil der Faelle frueh diagnostiziert . Zur Frage moeglicher diagnostischer Fortschritte durch die Gefaesssonographie berichten wir ueber 7 Patienten mit lateralen Durafisteln und Zufluessen aus der A. carotis externa . Die Untersuchung erfolgte vor der selektiven Arteriographie mit cw-Dopplersonographie und farbkodierter Duplexsonographie . Sonographische Kriterien zum Nachweis einer Mehrdurchstroemung beruecksichtigen die Hoehe der Stroemungsgeschwindigkeit und das Systole-Diastole-Verhaeltnis der Strompulskurven ( Pulsatilitaet ) . In allen Faellen liess sich eine Mehrdurchstroemung der A. carotis externa und A. carotis communis nachweisen ; meist fanden sich pathologische Befunde auch an der A. occipitalis , seltener an der kontralateralen A. carotis externa oder der ipsilateralen A. vertebralis . Eine Fehlermoeglichkeit durch Verwechslung von Gefaessen ergab sich bei der cw-Dopplersonographie , nicht bei der farbkodierten Duplexsonographie . Danach sind kraniale Durafisteln , sofern das Shuntvolumen ausreichend hoch ist , mit indirekten dopplersonographischen Kriterien zu erkennen . Zur direkten Darstellung der Fistel und ihrer Zufluesse ist eine superselektive Angiographie erforderlich , in deren Rahmen dann auch die endovaskulaere Embolisation durchgefuehrt werden kann .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

T - cell trans - activator is a protein_family_or_group, phorbol ester - inducible element is a DNA_domain_or_region, interleukin-2 promoter is a DNA_domain_or_region

96991_task0

Sentence: A novel T-cell trans-activator that recognizes a phorbol ester-inducible element of the interleukin-2 promoter. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: protein_family_or_group, DNA_domain_or_region

[ "O", "O", "B-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "O", "O", "O", "B-DNA_domain_or_region", "I-DNA_domain_or_region", "I-DNA_domain_or_region", "I-DNA_domain_or_region", "I-DNA_domain_or_region", "O", "O", "B-DNA_domain_or_region", "I-DNA_domain_or_region", "O" ]

A novel T-cell trans-activator that recognizes a phorbol ester-inducible element of the interleukin-2 promoter.

[ "A", "novel", "T", "-", "cell", "trans", "-", "activator", "that", "recognizes", "a", "phorbol", "ester", "-", "inducible", "element", "of", "the", "interleukin-2", "promoter", "." ]

[ "(AND protein_family_or_group protein_family_or_group)", "protein_family_or_group", "DNA_domain_or_region", "other_name", "", "protein_molecule", "other_organic_compound", "cell_type" ]

T - cell trans - activator is a protein_family_or_group, phorbol ester - inducible element is a DNA_domain_or_region, interleukin-2 promoter is a DNA_domain_or_region

96991_task1

Sentence: A novel T-cell trans-activator that recognizes a phorbol ester-inducible element of the interleukin-2 promoter. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: T - cell trans - activator, phorbol ester - inducible element, interleukin-2 promoter Options: protein_family_or_group, DNA_domain_or_region

[ "O", "O", "B-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "O", "O", "O", "B-DNA_domain_or_region", "I-DNA_domain_or_region", "I-DNA_domain_or_region", "I-DNA_domain_or_region", "I-DNA_domain_or_region", "O", "O", "B-DNA_domain_or_region", "I-DNA_domain_or_region", "O" ]

A novel T-cell trans-activator that recognizes a phorbol ester-inducible element of the interleukin-2 promoter.

[ "A", "novel", "T", "-", "cell", "trans", "-", "activator", "that", "recognizes", "a", "phorbol", "ester", "-", "inducible", "element", "of", "the", "interleukin-2", "promoter", "." ]

[ "(AND protein_family_or_group protein_family_or_group)", "protein_family_or_group", "DNA_domain_or_region", "other_name", "", "protein_molecule", "other_organic_compound", "cell_type" ]

T - cell trans - activator, phorbol ester - inducible element, interleukin-2 promoter

96991_task2

Sentence: A novel T-cell trans-activator that recognizes a phorbol ester-inducible element of the interleukin-2 promoter. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "B-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "O", "O", "O", "B-DNA_domain_or_region", "I-DNA_domain_or_region", "I-DNA_domain_or_region", "I-DNA_domain_or_region", "I-DNA_domain_or_region", "O", "O", "B-DNA_domain_or_region", "I-DNA_domain_or_region", "O" ]

A novel T-cell trans-activator that recognizes a phorbol ester-inducible element of the interleukin-2 promoter.

[ "A", "novel", "T", "-", "cell", "trans", "-", "activator", "that", "recognizes", "a", "phorbol", "ester", "-", "inducible", "element", "of", "the", "interleukin-2", "promoter", "." ]

[ "(AND protein_family_or_group protein_family_or_group)", "protein_family_or_group", "DNA_domain_or_region", "other_name", "", "protein_molecule", "other_organic_compound", "cell_type" ]

Foxp3 is a Protein, Foxp3 is a Protein, forkhead ( FKH ) domain is a Entity, luciferase is a Protein, CAT is a Protein, CAT is a Protein, luciferase is a Protein, Tax is a Protein, Gal4 is a Protein, Tax is a Protein, Tax is a Protein

29_task0

Sentence: Plasmids. Expression vectors encoding human Foxp3 (pCMV-Foxp3-IRES-EGFP) and human Foxp3 lacking the forkhead (FKH) domain (pCMV-DeltaFKH-IRES-EGFP) were generous gifts from S. Ziegler (Benaroya Research Institute). pEGFP-C2 was provided by I. Lipinski (NIDDK/NIH). pcDNA3 was provided by K. T. Jeang (NIAID/NIH). pCMV4-Tax was a generous gift from W. Greene (University of California San Francisco). pGL4-luc2 and pGL4-TKhRluc2 were purchased from Promega (Madison, Wisconsin, United States). pUC18 was purchased from Stratagene (La Jolla, California, United States). HIV-1 wt LTR and HIV-1 Delta-kappaB LTR luciferase reporter vectors were constructed by cloning the XhoI/HindIII LTR fragments from pHIV-CAT and pDelta-kappaB-HIV-CAT (AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program, NIAID/NIH) into the multiple cloning site of pGL4-luc2. NF-kappaB, HTLV-I LTR, and CREB luciferase reporter and pCMV-p300-HA expression vectors were generously provided by B. Wigdahl (Drexel University College of Medicine). HTLV-I pACH infectious molecular clone has been described previously [30]. pFR-luc, pFA-CMV, pFA2-CREB-1, and pFA2-c-Jun were purchased from Stratagene. pFA-Tax (encoding a fusion protein consisting of the Gal4 DNA-binding domain fused in-frame to HTLV-I Tax) was constructed by PCR amplification of HTLV-I Tax using pCMV4-Tax as a template and BamHI/BglII-tagged primers. The amplified insert was digested and ligated into the BamHI/BglII sites of pFA-CMV. Plasmid contents were confirmed by DNA sequencing. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Entity, Protein

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Entity", "I-Entity", "I-Entity", "I-Entity", "I-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Plasmids. Expression vectors encoding human Foxp3 (pCMV-Foxp3-IRES-EGFP) and human Foxp3 lacking the forkhead (FKH) domain (pCMV-DeltaFKH-IRES-EGFP) were generous gifts from S. Ziegler (Benaroya Research Institute). pEGFP-C2 was provided by I. Lipinski (NIDDK/NIH). pcDNA3 was provided by K. T. Jeang (NIAID/NIH). pCMV4-Tax was a generous gift from W. Greene (University of California San Francisco). pGL4-luc2 and pGL4-TKhRluc2 were purchased from Promega (Madison, Wisconsin, United States). pUC18 was purchased from Stratagene (La Jolla, California, United States). HIV-1 wt LTR and HIV-1 Delta-kappaB LTR luciferase reporter vectors were constructed by cloning the XhoI/HindIII LTR fragments from pHIV-CAT and pDelta-kappaB-HIV-CAT (AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program, NIAID/NIH) into the multiple cloning site of pGL4-luc2. NF-kappaB, HTLV-I LTR, and CREB luciferase reporter and pCMV-p300-HA expression vectors were generously provided by B. Wigdahl (Drexel University College of Medicine). HTLV-I pACH infectious molecular clone has been described previously [30]. pFR-luc, pFA-CMV, pFA2-CREB-1, and pFA2-c-Jun were purchased from Stratagene. pFA-Tax (encoding a fusion protein consisting of the Gal4 DNA-binding domain fused in-frame to HTLV-I Tax) was constructed by PCR amplification of HTLV-I Tax using pCMV4-Tax as a template and BamHI/BglII-tagged primers. The amplified insert was digested and ligated into the BamHI/BglII sites of pFA-CMV. Plasmid contents were confirmed by DNA sequencing.

[ "Plasmids", ".", "\n", "Expression", "vectors", "encoding", "human", "Foxp3", "(", "pCMV", "-", "Foxp3-IRES", "-", "EGFP", ")", "and", "human", "Foxp3", "lacking", "the", "forkhead", "(", "FKH", ")", "domain", "(", "pCMV", "-", "DeltaFKH", "-", "IRES", "-", "EGFP", ")", "were", "generous", "gifts", "from", "S.", "Ziegler", "(", "Benaroya", "Research", "Institute", ")", ".", "pEGFP", "-", "C2", "was", "provided", "by", "I.", "Lipinski", "(", "NIDDK", "/", "NIH", ")", ".", "pcDNA3", "was", "provided", "by", "K.", "T.", "Jeang", "(", "NIAID", "/", "NIH", ")", ".", "pCMV4-Tax", "was", "a", "generous", "gift", "from", "W.", "Greene", "(", "University", "of", "California", "San", "Francisco", ")", ".", "pGL4-luc2", "and", "pGL4-TKhRluc2", "were", "purchased", "from", "Promega", "(", "Madison", ",", "Wisconsin", ",", "United", "States", ")", ".", "pUC18", "was", "purchased", "from", "Stratagene", "(", "La", "Jolla", ",", "California", ",", "United", "States", ")", ".", "HIV-1", "wt", "LTR", "and", "HIV-1", "Delta", "-", "kappaB", "LTR", "luciferase", "reporter", "vectors", "were", "constructed", "by", "cloning", "the", "XhoI", "/", "HindIII", "LTR", "fragments", "from", "pHIV", "-", "CAT", "and", "pDelta", "-", "kappaB", "-", "HIV", "-", "CAT", "(", "AIDS", "Research", "and", "Reference", "Reagent", "Program", ",", "NIAID", "/", "NIH", ")", "into", "the", "multiple", "cloning", "site", "of", "pGL4-luc2", ".", "NF", "-", "kappaB", ",", "HTLV", "-", "I", "LTR", ",", "and", "CREB", "luciferase", "reporter", "and", "pCMV", "-", "p300-HA", "expression", "vectors", "were", "generously", "provided", "by", "B.", "Wigdahl", "(", "Drexel", "University", "College", "of", "Medicine", ")", ".", "HTLV", "-", "I", "pACH", "infectious", "molecular", "clone", "has", "been", "described", "previously", "[", "30", "]", ".", "pFR", "-", "luc", ",", "pFA", "-", "CMV", ",", "pFA2-CREB-1", ",", "and", "pFA2-c", "-", "Jun", "were", "purchased", "from", "Stratagene", ".", "pFA", "-", "Tax", "(", "encoding", "a", "fusion", "protein", "consisting", "of", "the", "Gal4", "DNA", "-", "binding", "domain", "fused", "in", "-", "frame", "to", "HTLV", "-", "I", "Tax", ")", "was", "constructed", "by", "PCR", "amplification", "of", "HTLV", "-", "I", "Tax", "using", "pCMV4-Tax", "as", "a", "template", "and", "BamHI", "/", "BglII", "-", "tagged", "primers", ".", "The", "amplified", "insert", "was", "digested", "and", "ligated", "into", "the", "BamHI", "/", "BglII", "sites", "of", "pFA", "-", "CMV", ".", "Plasmid", "contents", "were", "confirmed", "by", "DNA", "sequencing", ".", "\n" ]

[ "Entity", "Protein" ]

Foxp3 is a Protein, Foxp3 is a Protein, forkhead ( FKH ) domain is a Entity, luciferase is a Protein, CAT is a Protein, CAT is a Protein, luciferase is a Protein, Tax is a Protein, Gal4 is a Protein, Tax is a Protein, Tax is a Protein

29_task1

Sentence: Plasmids. Expression vectors encoding human Foxp3 (pCMV-Foxp3-IRES-EGFP) and human Foxp3 lacking the forkhead (FKH) domain (pCMV-DeltaFKH-IRES-EGFP) were generous gifts from S. Ziegler (Benaroya Research Institute). pEGFP-C2 was provided by I. Lipinski (NIDDK/NIH). pcDNA3 was provided by K. T. Jeang (NIAID/NIH). pCMV4-Tax was a generous gift from W. Greene (University of California San Francisco). pGL4-luc2 and pGL4-TKhRluc2 were purchased from Promega (Madison, Wisconsin, United States). pUC18 was purchased from Stratagene (La Jolla, California, United States). HIV-1 wt LTR and HIV-1 Delta-kappaB LTR luciferase reporter vectors were constructed by cloning the XhoI/HindIII LTR fragments from pHIV-CAT and pDelta-kappaB-HIV-CAT (AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program, NIAID/NIH) into the multiple cloning site of pGL4-luc2. NF-kappaB, HTLV-I LTR, and CREB luciferase reporter and pCMV-p300-HA expression vectors were generously provided by B. Wigdahl (Drexel University College of Medicine). HTLV-I pACH infectious molecular clone has been described previously [30]. pFR-luc, pFA-CMV, pFA2-CREB-1, and pFA2-c-Jun were purchased from Stratagene. pFA-Tax (encoding a fusion protein consisting of the Gal4 DNA-binding domain fused in-frame to HTLV-I Tax) was constructed by PCR amplification of HTLV-I Tax using pCMV4-Tax as a template and BamHI/BglII-tagged primers. The amplified insert was digested and ligated into the BamHI/BglII sites of pFA-CMV. Plasmid contents were confirmed by DNA sequencing. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Foxp3, Foxp3, forkhead ( FKH ) domain, luciferase, CAT, CAT, luciferase, Tax, Gal4, Tax, Tax Options: Entity, Protein

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Entity", "I-Entity", "I-Entity", "I-Entity", "I-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Plasmids. Expression vectors encoding human Foxp3 (pCMV-Foxp3-IRES-EGFP) and human Foxp3 lacking the forkhead (FKH) domain (pCMV-DeltaFKH-IRES-EGFP) were generous gifts from S. Ziegler (Benaroya Research Institute). pEGFP-C2 was provided by I. Lipinski (NIDDK/NIH). pcDNA3 was provided by K. T. Jeang (NIAID/NIH). pCMV4-Tax was a generous gift from W. Greene (University of California San Francisco). pGL4-luc2 and pGL4-TKhRluc2 were purchased from Promega (Madison, Wisconsin, United States). pUC18 was purchased from Stratagene (La Jolla, California, United States). HIV-1 wt LTR and HIV-1 Delta-kappaB LTR luciferase reporter vectors were constructed by cloning the XhoI/HindIII LTR fragments from pHIV-CAT and pDelta-kappaB-HIV-CAT (AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program, NIAID/NIH) into the multiple cloning site of pGL4-luc2. NF-kappaB, HTLV-I LTR, and CREB luciferase reporter and pCMV-p300-HA expression vectors were generously provided by B. Wigdahl (Drexel University College of Medicine). HTLV-I pACH infectious molecular clone has been described previously [30]. pFR-luc, pFA-CMV, pFA2-CREB-1, and pFA2-c-Jun were purchased from Stratagene. pFA-Tax (encoding a fusion protein consisting of the Gal4 DNA-binding domain fused in-frame to HTLV-I Tax) was constructed by PCR amplification of HTLV-I Tax using pCMV4-Tax as a template and BamHI/BglII-tagged primers. The amplified insert was digested and ligated into the BamHI/BglII sites of pFA-CMV. Plasmid contents were confirmed by DNA sequencing.

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[ "Entity", "Protein" ]

Foxp3, Foxp3, forkhead ( FKH ) domain, luciferase, CAT, CAT, luciferase, Tax, Gal4, Tax, Tax

29_task2

Sentence: Plasmids. Expression vectors encoding human Foxp3 (pCMV-Foxp3-IRES-EGFP) and human Foxp3 lacking the forkhead (FKH) domain (pCMV-DeltaFKH-IRES-EGFP) were generous gifts from S. Ziegler (Benaroya Research Institute). pEGFP-C2 was provided by I. Lipinski (NIDDK/NIH). pcDNA3 was provided by K. T. Jeang (NIAID/NIH). pCMV4-Tax was a generous gift from W. Greene (University of California San Francisco). pGL4-luc2 and pGL4-TKhRluc2 were purchased from Promega (Madison, Wisconsin, United States). pUC18 was purchased from Stratagene (La Jolla, California, United States). HIV-1 wt LTR and HIV-1 Delta-kappaB LTR luciferase reporter vectors were constructed by cloning the XhoI/HindIII LTR fragments from pHIV-CAT and pDelta-kappaB-HIV-CAT (AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program, NIAID/NIH) into the multiple cloning site of pGL4-luc2. NF-kappaB, HTLV-I LTR, and CREB luciferase reporter and pCMV-p300-HA expression vectors were generously provided by B. Wigdahl (Drexel University College of Medicine). HTLV-I pACH infectious molecular clone has been described previously [30]. pFR-luc, pFA-CMV, pFA2-CREB-1, and pFA2-c-Jun were purchased from Stratagene. pFA-Tax (encoding a fusion protein consisting of the Gal4 DNA-binding domain fused in-frame to HTLV-I Tax) was constructed by PCR amplification of HTLV-I Tax using pCMV4-Tax as a template and BamHI/BglII-tagged primers. The amplified insert was digested and ligated into the BamHI/BglII sites of pFA-CMV. Plasmid contents were confirmed by DNA sequencing. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Plasmids. Expression vectors encoding human Foxp3 (pCMV-Foxp3-IRES-EGFP) and human Foxp3 lacking the forkhead (FKH) domain (pCMV-DeltaFKH-IRES-EGFP) were generous gifts from S. Ziegler (Benaroya Research Institute). pEGFP-C2 was provided by I. Lipinski (NIDDK/NIH). pcDNA3 was provided by K. T. Jeang (NIAID/NIH). pCMV4-Tax was a generous gift from W. Greene (University of California San Francisco). pGL4-luc2 and pGL4-TKhRluc2 were purchased from Promega (Madison, Wisconsin, United States). pUC18 was purchased from Stratagene (La Jolla, California, United States). HIV-1 wt LTR and HIV-1 Delta-kappaB LTR luciferase reporter vectors were constructed by cloning the XhoI/HindIII LTR fragments from pHIV-CAT and pDelta-kappaB-HIV-CAT (AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program, NIAID/NIH) into the multiple cloning site of pGL4-luc2. NF-kappaB, HTLV-I LTR, and CREB luciferase reporter and pCMV-p300-HA expression vectors were generously provided by B. Wigdahl (Drexel University College of Medicine). HTLV-I pACH infectious molecular clone has been described previously [30]. pFR-luc, pFA-CMV, pFA2-CREB-1, and pFA2-c-Jun were purchased from Stratagene. pFA-Tax (encoding a fusion protein consisting of the Gal4 DNA-binding domain fused in-frame to HTLV-I Tax) was constructed by PCR amplification of HTLV-I Tax using pCMV4-Tax as a template and BamHI/BglII-tagged primers. The amplified insert was digested and ligated into the BamHI/BglII sites of pFA-CMV. Plasmid contents were confirmed by DNA sequencing.

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[ "Entity", "Protein" ]

human monocytes is a cell_type, lysophosphatidylcholine is a lipid

50578_task0

Sentence: Tissue factor expression of human monocytes is suppressed by lysophosphatidylcholine. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: cell_type, lipid

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-cell_type", "I-cell_type", "O", "O", "O", "B-lipid", "O" ]

Tissue factor expression of human monocytes is suppressed by lysophosphatidylcholine.

[ "Tissue", "factor", "expression", "of", "human", "monocytes", "is", "suppressed", "by", "lysophosphatidylcholine", "." ]

[ "protein_molecule", "other_organic_compound", "other_name", "protein_complex", "lipid", "DNA_domain_or_region", "cell_line", "cell_type", "protein_family_or_group", "RNA_molecule", "nucleotide" ]

human monocytes is a cell_type, lysophosphatidylcholine is a lipid

50578_task1

Sentence: Tissue factor expression of human monocytes is suppressed by lysophosphatidylcholine. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: human monocytes, lysophosphatidylcholine Options: cell_type, lipid

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-cell_type", "I-cell_type", "O", "O", "O", "B-lipid", "O" ]

Tissue factor expression of human monocytes is suppressed by lysophosphatidylcholine.

[ "Tissue", "factor", "expression", "of", "human", "monocytes", "is", "suppressed", "by", "lysophosphatidylcholine", "." ]

[ "protein_molecule", "other_organic_compound", "other_name", "protein_complex", "lipid", "DNA_domain_or_region", "cell_line", "cell_type", "protein_family_or_group", "RNA_molecule", "nucleotide" ]

human monocytes, lysophosphatidylcholine

50578_task2

Sentence: Tissue factor expression of human monocytes is suppressed by lysophosphatidylcholine. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-cell_type", "I-cell_type", "O", "O", "O", "B-lipid", "O" ]

Tissue factor expression of human monocytes is suppressed by lysophosphatidylcholine.

[ "Tissue", "factor", "expression", "of", "human", "monocytes", "is", "suppressed", "by", "lysophosphatidylcholine", "." ]

[ "protein_molecule", "other_organic_compound", "other_name", "protein_complex", "lipid", "DNA_domain_or_region", "cell_line", "cell_type", "protein_family_or_group", "RNA_molecule", "nucleotide" ]

DDD is an umlsterm, Zeit is an umlsterm

Herzschrittmachertherapie.9010s058.ger.abstr_task0

Sentence: Medtronic Thera/Thera-i ( und Kappa 400 ) Schrittmacher verwenden einen Mode-Switch-Algorithmus , der bei Auftreten von Vorhoftachyarrhythmien vom DDD ( R ) -Modus in den DDIR-Modus umschaltet . Um dies zu erreichen , berechnet der Schrittmacher fortlaufend eine mittlere atriale Frequenz ( MAR ) , die einen Bewertungsindex der Vorhoffrequenz darstellt . Sobald die MAR oberhalb der programmierten Mode-Switch-Frequenz liegt , stellt der Schrittmacher auf nichttriggernden Betrieb um . Weil der Algorithmus schnelle atriale Frequenzen staerker bewertet als langsame , ist er fuer eine Reihe atrialer Tachyarrhythmien empfindlich , einschliesslich derjenigen mit wechselnder Signalamplitude . Zusaetzlich verfuegt der Algorithmus ueber eine lange PVARP und ein frequenzadaptives AV-Intervall . Hierdurch wird nicht nur die Detektion atrialer Frequenzen in einem Bereich ermoeglicht , sondern auch die Zeit , die der Schrittmacher vor Mode-Switch an der oberen Grenzfrequenz triggert , begrenzt . Um die Effektivitaet des Algorithmus zu ueberpruefen , bietet der Thera-i detaillierte diagnostische Speicherfunktionen an , die Informationen ueber Datum , Uhrzeit , Dauer und maximale Frequenz der Mode-Switch-Episode enthalten . Zusaetzlich koennen detaillierte Informationen mit atrialen Schlag-zu-Schlag-Frequenzen fuer jede gespeicherte Episode abgerufen werden , so dass die Korrektheit des Mode-Switches beurteilt und ggf. eine Optimierung der Programmierung durchgefuehrt werden koennen . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

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Medtronic Thera/Thera-i ( und Kappa 400 ) Schrittmacher verwenden einen Mode-Switch-Algorithmus , der bei Auftreten von Vorhoftachyarrhythmien vom DDD ( R ) -Modus in den DDIR-Modus umschaltet . Um dies zu erreichen , berechnet der Schrittmacher fortlaufend eine mittlere atriale Frequenz ( MAR ) , die einen Bewertungsindex der Vorhoffrequenz darstellt . Sobald die MAR oberhalb der programmierten Mode-Switch-Frequenz liegt , stellt der Schrittmacher auf nichttriggernden Betrieb um . Weil der Algorithmus schnelle atriale Frequenzen staerker bewertet als langsame , ist er fuer eine Reihe atrialer Tachyarrhythmien empfindlich , einschliesslich derjenigen mit wechselnder Signalamplitude . Zusaetzlich verfuegt der Algorithmus ueber eine lange PVARP und ein frequenzadaptives AV-Intervall . Hierdurch wird nicht nur die Detektion atrialer Frequenzen in einem Bereich ermoeglicht , sondern auch die Zeit , die der Schrittmacher vor Mode-Switch an der oberen Grenzfrequenz triggert , begrenzt . Um die Effektivitaet des Algorithmus zu ueberpruefen , bietet der Thera-i detaillierte diagnostische Speicherfunktionen an , die Informationen ueber Datum , Uhrzeit , Dauer und maximale Frequenz der Mode-Switch-Episode enthalten . Zusaetzlich koennen detaillierte Informationen mit atrialen Schlag-zu-Schlag-Frequenzen fuer jede gespeicherte Episode abgerufen werden , so dass die Korrektheit des Mode-Switches beurteilt und ggf. eine Optimierung der Programmierung durchgefuehrt werden koennen .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

DDD is an umlsterm, Zeit is an umlsterm

Herzschrittmachertherapie.9010s058.ger.abstr_task1

Sentence: Medtronic Thera/Thera-i ( und Kappa 400 ) Schrittmacher verwenden einen Mode-Switch-Algorithmus , der bei Auftreten von Vorhoftachyarrhythmien vom DDD ( R ) -Modus in den DDIR-Modus umschaltet . Um dies zu erreichen , berechnet der Schrittmacher fortlaufend eine mittlere atriale Frequenz ( MAR ) , die einen Bewertungsindex der Vorhoffrequenz darstellt . Sobald die MAR oberhalb der programmierten Mode-Switch-Frequenz liegt , stellt der Schrittmacher auf nichttriggernden Betrieb um . Weil der Algorithmus schnelle atriale Frequenzen staerker bewertet als langsame , ist er fuer eine Reihe atrialer Tachyarrhythmien empfindlich , einschliesslich derjenigen mit wechselnder Signalamplitude . Zusaetzlich verfuegt der Algorithmus ueber eine lange PVARP und ein frequenzadaptives AV-Intervall . Hierdurch wird nicht nur die Detektion atrialer Frequenzen in einem Bereich ermoeglicht , sondern auch die Zeit , die der Schrittmacher vor Mode-Switch an der oberen Grenzfrequenz triggert , begrenzt . Um die Effektivitaet des Algorithmus zu ueberpruefen , bietet der Thera-i detaillierte diagnostische Speicherfunktionen an , die Informationen ueber Datum , Uhrzeit , Dauer und maximale Frequenz der Mode-Switch-Episode enthalten . Zusaetzlich koennen detaillierte Informationen mit atrialen Schlag-zu-Schlag-Frequenzen fuer jede gespeicherte Episode abgerufen werden , so dass die Korrektheit des Mode-Switches beurteilt und ggf. eine Optimierung der Programmierung durchgefuehrt werden koennen . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: DDD, Zeit Options: umlsterm

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Medtronic Thera/Thera-i ( und Kappa 400 ) Schrittmacher verwenden einen Mode-Switch-Algorithmus , der bei Auftreten von Vorhoftachyarrhythmien vom DDD ( R ) -Modus in den DDIR-Modus umschaltet . Um dies zu erreichen , berechnet der Schrittmacher fortlaufend eine mittlere atriale Frequenz ( MAR ) , die einen Bewertungsindex der Vorhoffrequenz darstellt . Sobald die MAR oberhalb der programmierten Mode-Switch-Frequenz liegt , stellt der Schrittmacher auf nichttriggernden Betrieb um . Weil der Algorithmus schnelle atriale Frequenzen staerker bewertet als langsame , ist er fuer eine Reihe atrialer Tachyarrhythmien empfindlich , einschliesslich derjenigen mit wechselnder Signalamplitude . Zusaetzlich verfuegt der Algorithmus ueber eine lange PVARP und ein frequenzadaptives AV-Intervall . Hierdurch wird nicht nur die Detektion atrialer Frequenzen in einem Bereich ermoeglicht , sondern auch die Zeit , die der Schrittmacher vor Mode-Switch an der oberen Grenzfrequenz triggert , begrenzt . Um die Effektivitaet des Algorithmus zu ueberpruefen , bietet der Thera-i detaillierte diagnostische Speicherfunktionen an , die Informationen ueber Datum , Uhrzeit , Dauer und maximale Frequenz der Mode-Switch-Episode enthalten . Zusaetzlich koennen detaillierte Informationen mit atrialen Schlag-zu-Schlag-Frequenzen fuer jede gespeicherte Episode abgerufen werden , so dass die Korrektheit des Mode-Switches beurteilt und ggf. eine Optimierung der Programmierung durchgefuehrt werden koennen .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

DDD, Zeit

Herzschrittmachertherapie.9010s058.ger.abstr_task2

Sentence: Medtronic Thera/Thera-i ( und Kappa 400 ) Schrittmacher verwenden einen Mode-Switch-Algorithmus , der bei Auftreten von Vorhoftachyarrhythmien vom DDD ( R ) -Modus in den DDIR-Modus umschaltet . Um dies zu erreichen , berechnet der Schrittmacher fortlaufend eine mittlere atriale Frequenz ( MAR ) , die einen Bewertungsindex der Vorhoffrequenz darstellt . Sobald die MAR oberhalb der programmierten Mode-Switch-Frequenz liegt , stellt der Schrittmacher auf nichttriggernden Betrieb um . Weil der Algorithmus schnelle atriale Frequenzen staerker bewertet als langsame , ist er fuer eine Reihe atrialer Tachyarrhythmien empfindlich , einschliesslich derjenigen mit wechselnder Signalamplitude . Zusaetzlich verfuegt der Algorithmus ueber eine lange PVARP und ein frequenzadaptives AV-Intervall . Hierdurch wird nicht nur die Detektion atrialer Frequenzen in einem Bereich ermoeglicht , sondern auch die Zeit , die der Schrittmacher vor Mode-Switch an der oberen Grenzfrequenz triggert , begrenzt . Um die Effektivitaet des Algorithmus zu ueberpruefen , bietet der Thera-i detaillierte diagnostische Speicherfunktionen an , die Informationen ueber Datum , Uhrzeit , Dauer und maximale Frequenz der Mode-Switch-Episode enthalten . Zusaetzlich koennen detaillierte Informationen mit atrialen Schlag-zu-Schlag-Frequenzen fuer jede gespeicherte Episode abgerufen werden , so dass die Korrektheit des Mode-Switches beurteilt und ggf. eine Optimierung der Programmierung durchgefuehrt werden koennen . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Medtronic Thera/Thera-i ( und Kappa 400 ) Schrittmacher verwenden einen Mode-Switch-Algorithmus , der bei Auftreten von Vorhoftachyarrhythmien vom DDD ( R ) -Modus in den DDIR-Modus umschaltet . Um dies zu erreichen , berechnet der Schrittmacher fortlaufend eine mittlere atriale Frequenz ( MAR ) , die einen Bewertungsindex der Vorhoffrequenz darstellt . Sobald die MAR oberhalb der programmierten Mode-Switch-Frequenz liegt , stellt der Schrittmacher auf nichttriggernden Betrieb um . Weil der Algorithmus schnelle atriale Frequenzen staerker bewertet als langsame , ist er fuer eine Reihe atrialer Tachyarrhythmien empfindlich , einschliesslich derjenigen mit wechselnder Signalamplitude . Zusaetzlich verfuegt der Algorithmus ueber eine lange PVARP und ein frequenzadaptives AV-Intervall . Hierdurch wird nicht nur die Detektion atrialer Frequenzen in einem Bereich ermoeglicht , sondern auch die Zeit , die der Schrittmacher vor Mode-Switch an der oberen Grenzfrequenz triggert , begrenzt . Um die Effektivitaet des Algorithmus zu ueberpruefen , bietet der Thera-i detaillierte diagnostische Speicherfunktionen an , die Informationen ueber Datum , Uhrzeit , Dauer und maximale Frequenz der Mode-Switch-Episode enthalten . Zusaetzlich koennen detaillierte Informationen mit atrialen Schlag-zu-Schlag-Frequenzen fuer jede gespeicherte Episode abgerufen werden , so dass die Korrektheit des Mode-Switches beurteilt und ggf. eine Optimierung der Programmierung durchgefuehrt werden koennen .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

treatment is an umlsterm, low back pain is an umlsterm, primary care is an umlsterm, Germany is an umlsterm

DerSchmerz.00140146.eng.abstr_task0

Sentence: Background . Little is known about the outcome quality of treatment for chronic low back pain under primary care conditions in Germany . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O" ]

Background . Little is known about the outcome quality of treatment for chronic low back pain under primary care conditions in Germany .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

treatment is an umlsterm, low back pain is an umlsterm, primary care is an umlsterm, Germany is an umlsterm

DerSchmerz.00140146.eng.abstr_task1

Sentence: Background . Little is known about the outcome quality of treatment for chronic low back pain under primary care conditions in Germany . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: treatment, low back pain, primary care, Germany Options: umlsterm

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O" ]

Background . Little is known about the outcome quality of treatment for chronic low back pain under primary care conditions in Germany .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

treatment, low back pain, primary care, Germany

DerSchmerz.00140146.eng.abstr_task2

Sentence: Background . Little is known about the outcome quality of treatment for chronic low back pain under primary care conditions in Germany . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O" ]

Background . Little is known about the outcome quality of treatment for chronic low back pain under primary care conditions in Germany .

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[ "umlsterm" ]