bio-datasets/bigbio-ner-merged · Datasets at Hugging Face

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Differentialdiagnose is an umlsterm, Thrombozytenwertes is an umlsterm, Knochenmarks is an umlsterm, Leukaemie is an umlsterm, Polycythaemia vera is an umlsterm, Thrombozythaemie is an umlsterm, thrombozythaemisch is an umlsterm, Myelofibrose is an umlsterm, Eisenspeicher is an umlsterm, Normalverteilung is an umlsterm, Myelofibrose is an umlsterm	DerPathologe.00210031.ger.abstr_task1	Sentence: Die Differentialdiagnose eines erhoehten Thrombozytenwertes ( > =500x109/l), der insbesondere bei wiederholter Bestimmung gefunden wird , beinhaltet eine Abgrenzung zwischen reaktiven Ursachen im Rahmen ganz unterschiedlicher Grundleiden und einer neoplastischen bzw. myeloproliferativen Systemerkrankung ( CMPE ) . Neben haematologischen Befunden , vor allem jedoch der Entwicklung der einzelnen Laborparameter im Verlaufe der Erkrankung kommt der Histopathologie des Knochenmarks eine wegweisende diagnostische Bedeutung zu . Charakteristische Veraenderungen betreffen nicht nur die Megakaryopoese , sondern auch die uebrigen Zellreihen und das Interstitium . Waehrend bei dem megakaryozytenreichen Subtyp der chronischen myeloischen Leukaemie ( CML ) und beim 5q--Syndrom ( MDS ) abnorm differenzierte Mikromegakaryozyten vorherrschen , ist die Polycythaemia vera ( PV ) durch einen pleomorphen Aspekt dieser Zellreihe und die essentielle Thrombozythaemie ( ET ) durch zahlreiche Riesenformen gekennzeichnet , die einen stark gelappten Kern ( sog . Hirschgeweih-Kerne ) aufweisen . Die klare Trennung einer ET von thrombozythaemisch verlaufenden Formen der idiopathischen Myelofibrose ( IMF ) ist durchaus moeglich , vorausgestzt man beachtet die ausgepraegten Atypien der Megakaryopoese , welche letztere Entitaet auszeichnen . Zudem besitzt die CML eine vorherrschende granulozytaere Zellreihe , waehrend die PV durch eine trilineare Proliferation ( Panmyelose ) mit prominenter erythropoetischer Proliferation gekennzeichnet ist . Eine signifikante Reduktion dieser Zelllinie ist bei der CML und weniger bei der IMF vorhanden . Die CMPE lassen eine deutliche Spannbreite der Retikulumzellsiderose erkennen , die von fehlendem Eisenspeicher ( PV ) ueber ganz spaerliche Ablagerungen ( CML bis hin zur Normalverteilung ( ET ) ) reicht . Aehnliche Befunde sind hinsichtlich einer ( retikulaeren ) Myelofibrose zu erheben , die gewoehnlich bei der ET fehlt , vereinzelt bei der PV besteht und bei der CML und IMF in ganz unterschiedlicher Auspraegung vorhanden ist . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Differentialdiagnose, Thrombozytenwertes, Knochenmarks, Leukaemie, Polycythaemia vera, Thrombozythaemie, thrombozythaemisch, Myelofibrose, Eisenspeicher, Normalverteilung, Myelofibrose Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Die Differentialdiagnose eines erhoehten Thrombozytenwertes ( > =500x109/l), der insbesondere bei wiederholter Bestimmung gefunden wird , beinhaltet eine Abgrenzung zwischen reaktiven Ursachen im Rahmen ganz unterschiedlicher Grundleiden und einer neoplastischen bzw. myeloproliferativen Systemerkrankung ( CMPE ) . Neben haematologischen Befunden , vor allem jedoch der Entwicklung der einzelnen Laborparameter im Verlaufe der Erkrankung kommt der Histopathologie des Knochenmarks eine wegweisende diagnostische Bedeutung zu . Charakteristische Veraenderungen betreffen nicht nur die Megakaryopoese , sondern auch die uebrigen Zellreihen und das Interstitium . Waehrend bei dem megakaryozytenreichen Subtyp der chronischen myeloischen Leukaemie ( CML ) und beim 5q--Syndrom ( MDS ) abnorm differenzierte Mikromegakaryozyten vorherrschen , ist die Polycythaemia vera ( PV ) durch einen pleomorphen Aspekt dieser Zellreihe und die essentielle Thrombozythaemie ( ET ) durch zahlreiche Riesenformen gekennzeichnet , die einen stark gelappten Kern ( sog . Hirschgeweih-Kerne ) aufweisen . Die klare Trennung einer ET von thrombozythaemisch verlaufenden Formen der idiopathischen Myelofibrose ( IMF ) ist durchaus moeglich , vorausgestzt man beachtet die ausgepraegten Atypien der Megakaryopoese , welche letztere Entitaet auszeichnen . Zudem besitzt die CML eine vorherrschende granulozytaere Zellreihe , waehrend die PV durch eine trilineare Proliferation ( Panmyelose ) mit prominenter erythropoetischer Proliferation gekennzeichnet ist . Eine signifikante Reduktion dieser Zelllinie ist bei der CML und weniger bei der IMF vorhanden . Die CMPE lassen eine deutliche Spannbreite der Retikulumzellsiderose erkennen , die von fehlendem Eisenspeicher ( PV ) ueber ganz spaerliche Ablagerungen ( CML bis hin zur Normalverteilung ( ET ) ) reicht . Aehnliche Befunde sind hinsichtlich einer ( retikulaeren ) Myelofibrose zu erheben , die gewoehnlich bei der ET fehlt , vereinzelt bei der PV besteht und bei der CML und IMF in ganz unterschiedlicher Auspraegung vorhanden ist .	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Differentialdiagnose, Thrombozytenwertes, Knochenmarks, Leukaemie, Polycythaemia vera, Thrombozythaemie, thrombozythaemisch, Myelofibrose, Eisenspeicher, Normalverteilung, Myelofibrose	DerPathologe.00210031.ger.abstr_task2	Sentence: Die Differentialdiagnose eines erhoehten Thrombozytenwertes ( > =500x109/l), der insbesondere bei wiederholter Bestimmung gefunden wird , beinhaltet eine Abgrenzung zwischen reaktiven Ursachen im Rahmen ganz unterschiedlicher Grundleiden und einer neoplastischen bzw. myeloproliferativen Systemerkrankung ( CMPE ) . Neben haematologischen Befunden , vor allem jedoch der Entwicklung der einzelnen Laborparameter im Verlaufe der Erkrankung kommt der Histopathologie des Knochenmarks eine wegweisende diagnostische Bedeutung zu . Charakteristische Veraenderungen betreffen nicht nur die Megakaryopoese , sondern auch die uebrigen Zellreihen und das Interstitium . Waehrend bei dem megakaryozytenreichen Subtyp der chronischen myeloischen Leukaemie ( CML ) und beim 5q--Syndrom ( MDS ) abnorm differenzierte Mikromegakaryozyten vorherrschen , ist die Polycythaemia vera ( PV ) durch einen pleomorphen Aspekt dieser Zellreihe und die essentielle Thrombozythaemie ( ET ) durch zahlreiche Riesenformen gekennzeichnet , die einen stark gelappten Kern ( sog . Hirschgeweih-Kerne ) aufweisen . Die klare Trennung einer ET von thrombozythaemisch verlaufenden Formen der idiopathischen Myelofibrose ( IMF ) ist durchaus moeglich , vorausgestzt man beachtet die ausgepraegten Atypien der Megakaryopoese , welche letztere Entitaet auszeichnen . Zudem besitzt die CML eine vorherrschende granulozytaere Zellreihe , waehrend die PV durch eine trilineare Proliferation ( Panmyelose ) mit prominenter erythropoetischer Proliferation gekennzeichnet ist . Eine signifikante Reduktion dieser Zelllinie ist bei der CML und weniger bei der IMF vorhanden . Die CMPE lassen eine deutliche Spannbreite der Retikulumzellsiderose erkennen , die von fehlendem Eisenspeicher ( PV ) ueber ganz spaerliche Ablagerungen ( CML bis hin zur Normalverteilung ( ET ) ) reicht . Aehnliche Befunde sind hinsichtlich einer ( retikulaeren ) Myelofibrose zu erheben , die gewoehnlich bei der ET fehlt , vereinzelt bei der PV besteht und bei der CML und IMF in ganz unterschiedlicher Auspraegung vorhanden ist . 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Neben haematologischen Befunden , vor allem jedoch der Entwicklung der einzelnen Laborparameter im Verlaufe der Erkrankung kommt der Histopathologie des Knochenmarks eine wegweisende diagnostische Bedeutung zu . Charakteristische Veraenderungen betreffen nicht nur die Megakaryopoese , sondern auch die uebrigen Zellreihen und das Interstitium . Waehrend bei dem megakaryozytenreichen Subtyp der chronischen myeloischen Leukaemie ( CML ) und beim 5q--Syndrom ( MDS ) abnorm differenzierte Mikromegakaryozyten vorherrschen , ist die Polycythaemia vera ( PV ) durch einen pleomorphen Aspekt dieser Zellreihe und die essentielle Thrombozythaemie ( ET ) durch zahlreiche Riesenformen gekennzeichnet , die einen stark gelappten Kern ( sog . Hirschgeweih-Kerne ) aufweisen . Die klare Trennung einer ET von thrombozythaemisch verlaufenden Formen der idiopathischen Myelofibrose ( IMF ) ist durchaus moeglich , vorausgestzt man beachtet die ausgepraegten Atypien der Megakaryopoese , welche letztere Entitaet auszeichnen . Zudem besitzt die CML eine vorherrschende granulozytaere Zellreihe , waehrend die PV durch eine trilineare Proliferation ( Panmyelose ) mit prominenter erythropoetischer Proliferation gekennzeichnet ist . Eine signifikante Reduktion dieser Zelllinie ist bei der CML und weniger bei der IMF vorhanden . Die CMPE lassen eine deutliche Spannbreite der Retikulumzellsiderose erkennen , die von fehlendem Eisenspeicher ( PV ) ueber ganz spaerliche Ablagerungen ( CML bis hin zur Normalverteilung ( ET ) ) reicht . Aehnliche Befunde sind hinsichtlich einer ( retikulaeren ) Myelofibrose zu erheben , die gewoehnlich bei der ET fehlt , vereinzelt bei der PV besteht und bei der CML und IMF in ganz unterschiedlicher Auspraegung vorhanden ist .	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Haemophilie A is an umlsterm, Willebrand - Syndroms is an umlsterm, Gelenkveraenderungen is an umlsterm, Therapie is an umlsterm, Synovitis is an umlsterm, Blutungen is an umlsterm, Arbeit is an umlsterm, Methoden is an umlsterm, gelenkerhaltender is an umlsterm, Radiuskoepfchenresektion is an umlsterm, Langzeitergebnissen is an umlsterm, Kontrakturen is an umlsterm, Knieprothesen is an umlsterm, Langzeitergebnisse is an umlsterm, Perioperative Komplikationen is an umlsterm, Blutungen is an umlsterm, Infektionen is an umlsterm, Hueftprothesen is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Prothesenlockerung is an umlsterm, Kniegelenk is an umlsterm, Prothese is an umlsterm, zementfrei is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Kontrakturen is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm	DerOrthopaede.90280356.ger.abstr_task0	Sentence: Als Folge rezidivierender Gelenkeinblutungen entwickeln sich bei schweren Formen der Haemophilie A oder B bzw. eines Willebrand-Syndroms chronische Gelenkveraenderungen im Sinne einer sog . haemophilen Arthropathie . In allen Stadien der Arthropathie stehen konservative Behandlungsmassnahmen im Vordergrund . Erst bei erfolgloser konservativer Therapie ueber 3-6 Monate ist in den fruehen Stadien eine operative Synovektomie zur Kontrolle der Synovitis und der rezidivierenden Blutungen angezeigt . In dieser Arbeit werden die Indikationen , Methoden und Ergebnisse verschiedener gelenkerhaltender Operationen dargestellt und diskutiert . Vor allem die Synovektomie am Ellenbogen mit und ohne Radiuskoepfchenresektion ( n = 7 ) fuehrt zu sehr guten funktionellen Langzeitergebnissen . Alternativ kann in bestimmten Faellen eine Radiosynoviorthese durchgefuehrt werden . Die Endstadien der haemophilen Arthropathie sind oftmals durch ausgepraegte fibroese Kontrakturen gekennzeichnet . Durch die Implantation von Hueftendoprothesen ( n = 13 ) bzw. von Knieprothesen ( n = 20 ) konnten in diesen Stadien nach durchschnittlich 102 bzw. 53 Monaten sehr gute Langzeitergebnisse erzielt werden . Perioperative Komplikationen wie Blutungen oder Infektionen , , wurden in keinem Fall registriert . Bei den Hueftprothesen trat nur eine aseptische Lockerung einer zementierten Pfanne nach 14 Jahren und eine septische Lockerung nach 14 Monaten bei einem HIV-positiven Patienten auf . Auch bei einem 2. HIV-positiven Patienten entwickelte sich eine haematogene Abszedierung ohne Prothesenlockerung . Am Kniegelenk konnten mit einer bikondylaeren Prothese ( n = 14 ) 6 sehr gute und 6 gute sowie 2 maessige Ergebnisse mit HSS-Score festgestellt werden . Es trat nur eine Sinterung eines zementfrei implantierten Tibiaplateaus ohne vollstaendige Lockerung nach 55 Monaten auf . Die funktionellen Ergebnisse mit einer achsgefuehrten Endoprothese ( n = 6 ) waren demgegenueber unguenstiger ( 2 mal gut , 2 mal maessig , 2 mal schlecht ) , wobei diese Patienten bereits praeoperativ erhebliche Kontrakturen und Fehlstellungen aufwiesen . Lockerungen oder Spaetinfekte wurden auch bei HIV-positiven Patienten in keinem Fall einer Knieendoprothese beobachtet . 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In allen Stadien der Arthropathie stehen konservative Behandlungsmassnahmen im Vordergrund . Erst bei erfolgloser konservativer Therapie ueber 3-6 Monate ist in den fruehen Stadien eine operative Synovektomie zur Kontrolle der Synovitis und der rezidivierenden Blutungen angezeigt . In dieser Arbeit werden die Indikationen , Methoden und Ergebnisse verschiedener gelenkerhaltender Operationen dargestellt und diskutiert . Vor allem die Synovektomie am Ellenbogen mit und ohne Radiuskoepfchenresektion ( n = 7 ) fuehrt zu sehr guten funktionellen Langzeitergebnissen . Alternativ kann in bestimmten Faellen eine Radiosynoviorthese durchgefuehrt werden . Die Endstadien der haemophilen Arthropathie sind oftmals durch ausgepraegte fibroese Kontrakturen gekennzeichnet . Durch die Implantation von Hueftendoprothesen ( n = 13 ) bzw. von Knieprothesen ( n = 20 ) konnten in diesen Stadien nach durchschnittlich 102 bzw. 53 Monaten sehr gute Langzeitergebnisse erzielt werden . Perioperative Komplikationen wie Blutungen oder Infektionen , , wurden in keinem Fall registriert . Bei den Hueftprothesen trat nur eine aseptische Lockerung einer zementierten Pfanne nach 14 Jahren und eine septische Lockerung nach 14 Monaten bei einem HIV-positiven Patienten auf . Auch bei einem 2. HIV-positiven Patienten entwickelte sich eine haematogene Abszedierung ohne Prothesenlockerung . Am Kniegelenk konnten mit einer bikondylaeren Prothese ( n = 14 ) 6 sehr gute und 6 gute sowie 2 maessige Ergebnisse mit HSS-Score festgestellt werden . Es trat nur eine Sinterung eines zementfrei implantierten Tibiaplateaus ohne vollstaendige Lockerung nach 55 Monaten auf . Die funktionellen Ergebnisse mit einer achsgefuehrten Endoprothese ( n = 6 ) waren demgegenueber unguenstiger ( 2 mal gut , 2 mal maessig , 2 mal schlecht ) , wobei diese Patienten bereits praeoperativ erhebliche Kontrakturen und Fehlstellungen aufwiesen . Lockerungen oder Spaetinfekte wurden auch bei HIV-positiven Patienten in keinem Fall einer Knieendoprothese beobachtet .	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Haemophilie A is an umlsterm, Willebrand - Syndroms is an umlsterm, Gelenkveraenderungen is an umlsterm, Therapie is an umlsterm, Synovitis is an umlsterm, Blutungen is an umlsterm, Arbeit is an umlsterm, Methoden is an umlsterm, gelenkerhaltender is an umlsterm, Radiuskoepfchenresektion is an umlsterm, Langzeitergebnissen is an umlsterm, Kontrakturen is an umlsterm, Knieprothesen is an umlsterm, Langzeitergebnisse is an umlsterm, Perioperative Komplikationen is an umlsterm, Blutungen is an umlsterm, Infektionen is an umlsterm, Hueftprothesen is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Prothesenlockerung is an umlsterm, Kniegelenk is an umlsterm, Prothese is an umlsterm, zementfrei is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Kontrakturen is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm	DerOrthopaede.90280356.ger.abstr_task1	Sentence: Als Folge rezidivierender Gelenkeinblutungen entwickeln sich bei schweren Formen der Haemophilie A oder B bzw. eines Willebrand-Syndroms chronische Gelenkveraenderungen im Sinne einer sog . haemophilen Arthropathie . In allen Stadien der Arthropathie stehen konservative Behandlungsmassnahmen im Vordergrund . Erst bei erfolgloser konservativer Therapie ueber 3-6 Monate ist in den fruehen Stadien eine operative Synovektomie zur Kontrolle der Synovitis und der rezidivierenden Blutungen angezeigt . In dieser Arbeit werden die Indikationen , Methoden und Ergebnisse verschiedener gelenkerhaltender Operationen dargestellt und diskutiert . Vor allem die Synovektomie am Ellenbogen mit und ohne Radiuskoepfchenresektion ( n = 7 ) fuehrt zu sehr guten funktionellen Langzeitergebnissen . Alternativ kann in bestimmten Faellen eine Radiosynoviorthese durchgefuehrt werden . Die Endstadien der haemophilen Arthropathie sind oftmals durch ausgepraegte fibroese Kontrakturen gekennzeichnet . Durch die Implantation von Hueftendoprothesen ( n = 13 ) bzw. von Knieprothesen ( n = 20 ) konnten in diesen Stadien nach durchschnittlich 102 bzw. 53 Monaten sehr gute Langzeitergebnisse erzielt werden . Perioperative Komplikationen wie Blutungen oder Infektionen , , wurden in keinem Fall registriert . Bei den Hueftprothesen trat nur eine aseptische Lockerung einer zementierten Pfanne nach 14 Jahren und eine septische Lockerung nach 14 Monaten bei einem HIV-positiven Patienten auf . Auch bei einem 2. HIV-positiven Patienten entwickelte sich eine haematogene Abszedierung ohne Prothesenlockerung . Am Kniegelenk konnten mit einer bikondylaeren Prothese ( n = 14 ) 6 sehr gute und 6 gute sowie 2 maessige Ergebnisse mit HSS-Score festgestellt werden . Es trat nur eine Sinterung eines zementfrei implantierten Tibiaplateaus ohne vollstaendige Lockerung nach 55 Monaten auf . Die funktionellen Ergebnisse mit einer achsgefuehrten Endoprothese ( n = 6 ) waren demgegenueber unguenstiger ( 2 mal gut , 2 mal maessig , 2 mal schlecht ) , wobei diese Patienten bereits praeoperativ erhebliche Kontrakturen und Fehlstellungen aufwiesen . Lockerungen oder Spaetinfekte wurden auch bei HIV-positiven Patienten in keinem Fall einer Knieendoprothese beobachtet . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Haemophilie A, Willebrand - Syndroms, Gelenkveraenderungen, Therapie, Synovitis, Blutungen, Arbeit, Methoden, gelenkerhaltender, Radiuskoepfchenresektion, Langzeitergebnissen, Kontrakturen, Knieprothesen, Langzeitergebnisse, Perioperative Komplikationen, Blutungen, Infektionen, Hueftprothesen, Patienten, Patienten, Prothesenlockerung, Kniegelenk, Prothese, zementfrei, Patienten, Kontrakturen, Patienten Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Als Folge rezidivierender Gelenkeinblutungen entwickeln sich bei schweren Formen der Haemophilie A oder B bzw. eines Willebrand-Syndroms chronische Gelenkveraenderungen im Sinne einer sog . haemophilen Arthropathie . In allen Stadien der Arthropathie stehen konservative Behandlungsmassnahmen im Vordergrund . Erst bei erfolgloser konservativer Therapie ueber 3-6 Monate ist in den fruehen Stadien eine operative Synovektomie zur Kontrolle der Synovitis und der rezidivierenden Blutungen angezeigt . In dieser Arbeit werden die Indikationen , Methoden und Ergebnisse verschiedener gelenkerhaltender Operationen dargestellt und diskutiert . Vor allem die Synovektomie am Ellenbogen mit und ohne Radiuskoepfchenresektion ( n = 7 ) fuehrt zu sehr guten funktionellen Langzeitergebnissen . Alternativ kann in bestimmten Faellen eine Radiosynoviorthese durchgefuehrt werden . Die Endstadien der haemophilen Arthropathie sind oftmals durch ausgepraegte fibroese Kontrakturen gekennzeichnet . Durch die Implantation von Hueftendoprothesen ( n = 13 ) bzw. von Knieprothesen ( n = 20 ) konnten in diesen Stadien nach durchschnittlich 102 bzw. 53 Monaten sehr gute Langzeitergebnisse erzielt werden . Perioperative Komplikationen wie Blutungen oder Infektionen , , wurden in keinem Fall registriert . Bei den Hueftprothesen trat nur eine aseptische Lockerung einer zementierten Pfanne nach 14 Jahren und eine septische Lockerung nach 14 Monaten bei einem HIV-positiven Patienten auf . Auch bei einem 2. HIV-positiven Patienten entwickelte sich eine haematogene Abszedierung ohne Prothesenlockerung . Am Kniegelenk konnten mit einer bikondylaeren Prothese ( n = 14 ) 6 sehr gute und 6 gute sowie 2 maessige Ergebnisse mit HSS-Score festgestellt werden . Es trat nur eine Sinterung eines zementfrei implantierten Tibiaplateaus ohne vollstaendige Lockerung nach 55 Monaten auf . Die funktionellen Ergebnisse mit einer achsgefuehrten Endoprothese ( n = 6 ) waren demgegenueber unguenstiger ( 2 mal gut , 2 mal maessig , 2 mal schlecht ) , wobei diese Patienten bereits praeoperativ erhebliche Kontrakturen und Fehlstellungen aufwiesen . Lockerungen oder Spaetinfekte wurden auch bei HIV-positiven Patienten in keinem Fall einer Knieendoprothese beobachtet .	[ "Als", "Folge", "rezidivierender", "Gelenkeinblutungen", "entwickeln", "sich", "bei", "schweren", "Formen", "der", "Haemophilie", "A", "oder", "B", "bzw", ".", "eines", "Willebrand", "-", "Syndroms", "chronische", "Gelenkveraenderungen", "im", "Sinne", "einer", "sog", ".", "haemophilen", "Arthropathie", ".", "In", "allen", "Stadien", "der", "Arthropathie", "stehen", "konservative", "Behandlungsmassnahmen", "im", "Vordergrund", ".", "Erst", "bei", "erfolgloser", "konservativer", "Therapie", "ueber", "3", "-", "6", "Monate", "ist", "in", "den", "fruehen", "Stadien", "eine", "operative", "Synovektomie", "zur", "Kontrolle", "der", "Synovitis", "und", "der", "rezidivierenden", "Blutungen", "angezeigt", ".", "In", "dieser", "Arbeit", "werden", "die", "Indikationen", ",", "Methoden", "und", "Ergebnisse", "verschiedener", "gelenkerhaltender", "Operationen", "dargestellt", "und", "diskutiert", ".", "Vor", "allem", "die", "Synovektomie", "am", "Ellenbogen", "mit", "und", "ohne", "Radiuskoepfchenresektion", "(", "n", "=", "7", ")", "fuehrt", "zu", "sehr", "guten", "funktionellen", "Langzeitergebnissen", ".", "Alternativ", "kann", "in", "bestimmten", "Faellen", "eine", "Radiosynoviorthese", "durchgefuehrt", "werden", ".", "Die", "Endstadien", "der", "haemophilen", "Arthropathie", "sind", "oftmals", "durch", "ausgepraegte", "fibroese", "Kontrakturen", "gekennzeichnet", ".", "Durch", "die", "Implantation", "von", "Hueftendoprothesen", "(", "n", "=", "13", ")", "bzw", ".", "von", "Knieprothesen", "(", "n", "=", "20", ")", "konnten", "in", "diesen", "Stadien", "nach", "durchschnittlich", "102", "bzw", ".", "53", "Monaten", "sehr", "gute", "Langzeitergebnisse", "erzielt", "werden", ".", "Perioperative", "Komplikationen", "wie", "Blutungen", "oder", "Infektionen", ",", ",", "wurden", "in", "keinem", "Fall", "registriert", ".", "Bei", "den", "Hueftprothesen", "trat", "nur", "eine", "aseptische", "Lockerung", "einer", "zementierten", "Pfanne", "nach", "14", "Jahren", "und", "eine", "septische", "Lockerung", "nach", "14", "Monaten", "bei", "einem", "HIV", "-", "positiven", "Patienten", "auf", ".", "Auch", "bei", "einem", "2", ".", "HIV", "-", "positiven", "Patienten", "entwickelte", "sich", "eine", "haematogene", "Abszedierung", "ohne", "Prothesenlockerung", ".", "Am", "Kniegelenk", "konnten", "mit", "einer", "bikondylaeren", "Prothese", "(", "n", "=", "14", ")", "6", "sehr", "gute", "und", "6", "gute", "sowie", "2", "maessige", "Ergebnisse", "mit", "HSS", "-", "Score", "festgestellt", "werden", ".", "Es", "trat", "nur", "eine", "Sinterung", "eines", "zementfrei", "implantierten", "Tibiaplateaus", "ohne", "vollstaendige", "Lockerung", "nach", "55", "Monaten", "auf", ".", "Die", "funktionellen", "Ergebnisse", "mit", "einer", "achsgefuehrten", "Endoprothese", "(", "n", "=", "6", ")", "waren", "demgegenueber", "unguenstiger", "(", "2", "mal", "gut", ",", "2", "mal", "maessig", ",", "2", "mal", "schlecht", ")", ",", "wobei", "diese", "Patienten", "bereits", "praeoperativ", "erhebliche", "Kontrakturen", "und", "Fehlstellungen", "aufwiesen", ".", "Lockerungen", "oder", "Spaetinfekte", "wurden", "auch", "bei", "HIV", "-", "positiven", "Patienten", "in", "keinem", "Fall", "einer", "Knieendoprothese", "beobachtet", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Haemophilie A, Willebrand - Syndroms, Gelenkveraenderungen, Therapie, Synovitis, Blutungen, Arbeit, Methoden, gelenkerhaltender, Radiuskoepfchenresektion, Langzeitergebnissen, Kontrakturen, Knieprothesen, Langzeitergebnisse, Perioperative Komplikationen, Blutungen, Infektionen, Hueftprothesen, Patienten, Patienten, Prothesenlockerung, Kniegelenk, Prothese, zementfrei, Patienten, Kontrakturen, Patienten	DerOrthopaede.90280356.ger.abstr_task2	Sentence: Als Folge rezidivierender Gelenkeinblutungen entwickeln sich bei schweren Formen der Haemophilie A oder B bzw. eines Willebrand-Syndroms chronische Gelenkveraenderungen im Sinne einer sog . haemophilen Arthropathie . In allen Stadien der Arthropathie stehen konservative Behandlungsmassnahmen im Vordergrund . Erst bei erfolgloser konservativer Therapie ueber 3-6 Monate ist in den fruehen Stadien eine operative Synovektomie zur Kontrolle der Synovitis und der rezidivierenden Blutungen angezeigt . In dieser Arbeit werden die Indikationen , Methoden und Ergebnisse verschiedener gelenkerhaltender Operationen dargestellt und diskutiert . Vor allem die Synovektomie am Ellenbogen mit und ohne Radiuskoepfchenresektion ( n = 7 ) fuehrt zu sehr guten funktionellen Langzeitergebnissen . Alternativ kann in bestimmten Faellen eine Radiosynoviorthese durchgefuehrt werden . Die Endstadien der haemophilen Arthropathie sind oftmals durch ausgepraegte fibroese Kontrakturen gekennzeichnet . Durch die Implantation von Hueftendoprothesen ( n = 13 ) bzw. von Knieprothesen ( n = 20 ) konnten in diesen Stadien nach durchschnittlich 102 bzw. 53 Monaten sehr gute Langzeitergebnisse erzielt werden . Perioperative Komplikationen wie Blutungen oder Infektionen , , wurden in keinem Fall registriert . Bei den Hueftprothesen trat nur eine aseptische Lockerung einer zementierten Pfanne nach 14 Jahren und eine septische Lockerung nach 14 Monaten bei einem HIV-positiven Patienten auf . Auch bei einem 2. HIV-positiven Patienten entwickelte sich eine haematogene Abszedierung ohne Prothesenlockerung . Am Kniegelenk konnten mit einer bikondylaeren Prothese ( n = 14 ) 6 sehr gute und 6 gute sowie 2 maessige Ergebnisse mit HSS-Score festgestellt werden . Es trat nur eine Sinterung eines zementfrei implantierten Tibiaplateaus ohne vollstaendige Lockerung nach 55 Monaten auf . Die funktionellen Ergebnisse mit einer achsgefuehrten Endoprothese ( n = 6 ) waren demgegenueber unguenstiger ( 2 mal gut , 2 mal maessig , 2 mal schlecht ) , wobei diese Patienten bereits praeoperativ erhebliche Kontrakturen und Fehlstellungen aufwiesen . Lockerungen oder Spaetinfekte wurden auch bei HIV-positiven Patienten in keinem Fall einer Knieendoprothese beobachtet . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Als Folge rezidivierender Gelenkeinblutungen entwickeln sich bei schweren Formen der Haemophilie A oder B bzw. eines Willebrand-Syndroms chronische Gelenkveraenderungen im Sinne einer sog . haemophilen Arthropathie . In allen Stadien der Arthropathie stehen konservative Behandlungsmassnahmen im Vordergrund . Erst bei erfolgloser konservativer Therapie ueber 3-6 Monate ist in den fruehen Stadien eine operative Synovektomie zur Kontrolle der Synovitis und der rezidivierenden Blutungen angezeigt . In dieser Arbeit werden die Indikationen , Methoden und Ergebnisse verschiedener gelenkerhaltender Operationen dargestellt und diskutiert . Vor allem die Synovektomie am Ellenbogen mit und ohne Radiuskoepfchenresektion ( n = 7 ) fuehrt zu sehr guten funktionellen Langzeitergebnissen . Alternativ kann in bestimmten Faellen eine Radiosynoviorthese durchgefuehrt werden . Die Endstadien der haemophilen Arthropathie sind oftmals durch ausgepraegte fibroese Kontrakturen gekennzeichnet . Durch die Implantation von Hueftendoprothesen ( n = 13 ) bzw. von Knieprothesen ( n = 20 ) konnten in diesen Stadien nach durchschnittlich 102 bzw. 53 Monaten sehr gute Langzeitergebnisse erzielt werden . Perioperative Komplikationen wie Blutungen oder Infektionen , , wurden in keinem Fall registriert . Bei den Hueftprothesen trat nur eine aseptische Lockerung einer zementierten Pfanne nach 14 Jahren und eine septische Lockerung nach 14 Monaten bei einem HIV-positiven Patienten auf . Auch bei einem 2. HIV-positiven Patienten entwickelte sich eine haematogene Abszedierung ohne Prothesenlockerung . Am Kniegelenk konnten mit einer bikondylaeren Prothese ( n = 14 ) 6 sehr gute und 6 gute sowie 2 maessige Ergebnisse mit HSS-Score festgestellt werden . Es trat nur eine Sinterung eines zementfrei implantierten Tibiaplateaus ohne vollstaendige Lockerung nach 55 Monaten auf . Die funktionellen Ergebnisse mit einer achsgefuehrten Endoprothese ( n = 6 ) waren demgegenueber unguenstiger ( 2 mal gut , 2 mal maessig , 2 mal schlecht ) , wobei diese Patienten bereits praeoperativ erhebliche Kontrakturen und Fehlstellungen aufwiesen . Lockerungen oder Spaetinfekte wurden auch bei HIV-positiven Patienten in keinem Fall einer Knieendoprothese beobachtet .	[ "Als", "Folge", "rezidivierender", "Gelenkeinblutungen", "entwickeln", "sich", "bei", "schweren", "Formen", "der", "Haemophilie", "A", "oder", "B", "bzw", ".", "eines", "Willebrand", "-", "Syndroms", "chronische", "Gelenkveraenderungen", "im", "Sinne", "einer", "sog", ".", "haemophilen", "Arthropathie", ".", "In", "allen", "Stadien", "der", "Arthropathie", "stehen", "konservative", "Behandlungsmassnahmen", "im", "Vordergrund", ".", "Erst", "bei", "erfolgloser", "konservativer", "Therapie", "ueber", "3", "-", "6", "Monate", "ist", "in", "den", "fruehen", "Stadien", "eine", "operative", "Synovektomie", "zur", "Kontrolle", "der", "Synovitis", "und", "der", "rezidivierenden", "Blutungen", "angezeigt", ".", "In", "dieser", "Arbeit", "werden", "die", "Indikationen", ",", "Methoden", "und", "Ergebnisse", "verschiedener", "gelenkerhaltender", "Operationen", "dargestellt", "und", "diskutiert", ".", "Vor", "allem", "die", "Synovektomie", "am", "Ellenbogen", "mit", "und", "ohne", "Radiuskoepfchenresektion", "(", "n", "=", "7", ")", "fuehrt", "zu", "sehr", "guten", "funktionellen", "Langzeitergebnissen", ".", "Alternativ", "kann", "in", "bestimmten", "Faellen", "eine", "Radiosynoviorthese", "durchgefuehrt", "werden", ".", "Die", "Endstadien", "der", "haemophilen", "Arthropathie", "sind", "oftmals", "durch", "ausgepraegte", "fibroese", "Kontrakturen", "gekennzeichnet", ".", "Durch", "die", "Implantation", "von", "Hueftendoprothesen", "(", "n", "=", "13", ")", "bzw", ".", "von", "Knieprothesen", "(", "n", "=", "20", ")", "konnten", "in", "diesen", "Stadien", "nach", "durchschnittlich", "102", "bzw", ".", "53", "Monaten", "sehr", "gute", "Langzeitergebnisse", "erzielt", "werden", ".", "Perioperative", "Komplikationen", "wie", "Blutungen", "oder", "Infektionen", ",", ",", "wurden", "in", "keinem", "Fall", "registriert", ".", "Bei", "den", "Hueftprothesen", "trat", "nur", "eine", "aseptische", "Lockerung", "einer", "zementierten", "Pfanne", "nach", "14", "Jahren", "und", "eine", "septische", "Lockerung", "nach", "14", "Monaten", "bei", "einem", "HIV", "-", "positiven", "Patienten", "auf", ".", "Auch", "bei", "einem", "2", ".", "HIV", "-", "positiven", "Patienten", "entwickelte", "sich", "eine", "haematogene", "Abszedierung", "ohne", "Prothesenlockerung", ".", "Am", "Kniegelenk", "konnten", "mit", "einer", "bikondylaeren", "Prothese", "(", "n", "=", "14", ")", "6", "sehr", "gute", "und", "6", "gute", "sowie", "2", "maessige", "Ergebnisse", "mit", "HSS", "-", "Score", "festgestellt", "werden", ".", "Es", "trat", "nur", "eine", "Sinterung", "eines", "zementfrei", "implantierten", "Tibiaplateaus", "ohne", "vollstaendige", "Lockerung", "nach", "55", "Monaten", "auf", ".", "Die", "funktionellen", "Ergebnisse", "mit", "einer", "achsgefuehrten", "Endoprothese", "(", "n", "=", "6", ")", "waren", "demgegenueber", "unguenstiger", "(", "2", "mal", "gut", ",", "2", "mal", "maessig", ",", "2", "mal", "schlecht", ")", ",", "wobei", "diese", "Patienten", "bereits", "praeoperativ", "erhebliche", "Kontrakturen", "und", "Fehlstellungen", "aufwiesen", ".", "Lockerungen", "oder", "Spaetinfekte", "wurden", "auch", "bei", "HIV", "-", "positiven", "Patienten", "in", "keinem", "Fall", "einer", "Knieendoprothese", "beobachtet", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Electron is an umlsterm, computed tomography is an umlsterm, calcium is an umlsterm, arteries is an umlsterm, overall is an umlsterm, plaque is an umlsterm, arteries is an umlsterm, stages is an umlsterm, coronary atherosclerosis is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, risk factors is an umlsterm, coronary artery disease is an umlsterm, calcium is an umlsterm, assessment is an umlsterm, preventive is an umlsterm, therapeutic is an umlsterm	ZfuerKardiologie.0089s043.eng.abstr_task0	Sentence: Electron beam computed tomography ( EBCT ) allows viszalization and quantification of calcium in the coronary arteries . This has been demonstrated to correlate well with the overall plaque burden in the coronary arteries . EBCT is , therefore , well suited for the detection of early stages of coronary atherosclerosis . Especially in asymptomatic patients with several risk factors , staging coronary artery disease by coronary calcium , scanning may allow prognostic assessment and guide preventive and therapeutic interventions . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O" ]	Electron beam computed tomography ( EBCT ) allows viszalization and quantification of calcium in the coronary arteries . This has been demonstrated to correlate well with the overall plaque burden in the coronary arteries . EBCT is , therefore , well suited for the detection of early stages of coronary atherosclerosis . Especially in asymptomatic patients with several risk factors , staging coronary artery disease by coronary calcium , scanning may allow prognostic assessment and guide preventive and therapeutic interventions .	[ "Electron", "beam", "computed", "tomography", "(", "EBCT", ")", "allows", "viszalization", "and", "quantification", "of", "calcium", "in", "the", "coronary", "arteries", ".", "This", "has", "been", "demonstrated", "to", "correlate", "well", "with", "the", "overall", "plaque", "burden", "in", "the", "coronary", "arteries", ".", "EBCT", "is", ",", "therefore", ",", "well", "suited", "for", "the", "detection", "of", "early", "stages", "of", "coronary", "atherosclerosis", ".", "Especially", "in", "asymptomatic", "patients", "with", "several", "risk", "factors", ",", "staging", "coronary", "artery", "disease", "by", "coronary", "calcium", ",", "scanning", "may", "allow", "prognostic", "assessment", "and", "guide", "preventive", "and", "therapeutic", "interventions", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Electron is an umlsterm, computed tomography is an umlsterm, calcium is an umlsterm, arteries is an umlsterm, overall is an umlsterm, plaque is an umlsterm, arteries is an umlsterm, stages is an umlsterm, coronary atherosclerosis is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, risk factors is an umlsterm, coronary artery disease is an umlsterm, calcium is an umlsterm, assessment is an umlsterm, preventive is an umlsterm, therapeutic is an umlsterm	ZfuerKardiologie.0089s043.eng.abstr_task1	Sentence: Electron beam computed tomography ( EBCT ) allows viszalization and quantification of calcium in the coronary arteries . This has been demonstrated to correlate well with the overall plaque burden in the coronary arteries . EBCT is , therefore , well suited for the detection of early stages of coronary atherosclerosis . Especially in asymptomatic patients with several risk factors , staging coronary artery disease by coronary calcium , scanning may allow prognostic assessment and guide preventive and therapeutic interventions . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Electron, computed tomography, calcium, arteries, overall, plaque, arteries, stages, coronary atherosclerosis, patients, risk factors, coronary artery disease, calcium, assessment, preventive, therapeutic Options: umlsterm	[ "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O" ]	Electron beam computed tomography ( EBCT ) allows viszalization and quantification of calcium in the coronary arteries . This has been demonstrated to correlate well with the overall plaque burden in the coronary arteries . EBCT is , therefore , well suited for the detection of early stages of coronary atherosclerosis . Especially in asymptomatic patients with several risk factors , staging coronary artery disease by coronary calcium , scanning may allow prognostic assessment and guide preventive and therapeutic interventions .	[ "Electron", "beam", "computed", "tomography", "(", "EBCT", ")", "allows", "viszalization", "and", "quantification", "of", "calcium", "in", "the", "coronary", "arteries", ".", "This", "has", "been", "demonstrated", "to", "correlate", "well", "with", "the", "overall", "plaque", "burden", "in", "the", "coronary", "arteries", ".", "EBCT", "is", ",", "therefore", ",", "well", "suited", "for", "the", "detection", "of", "early", "stages", "of", "coronary", "atherosclerosis", ".", "Especially", "in", "asymptomatic", "patients", "with", "several", "risk", "factors", ",", "staging", "coronary", "artery", "disease", "by", "coronary", "calcium", ",", "scanning", "may", "allow", "prognostic", "assessment", "and", "guide", "preventive", "and", "therapeutic", "interventions", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Electron, computed tomography, calcium, arteries, overall, plaque, arteries, stages, coronary atherosclerosis, patients, risk factors, coronary artery disease, calcium, assessment, preventive, therapeutic	ZfuerKardiologie.0089s043.eng.abstr_task2	Sentence: Electron beam computed tomography ( EBCT ) allows viszalization and quantification of calcium in the coronary arteries . This has been demonstrated to correlate well with the overall plaque burden in the coronary arteries . EBCT is , therefore , well suited for the detection of early stages of coronary atherosclerosis . Especially in asymptomatic patients with several risk factors , staging coronary artery disease by coronary calcium , scanning may allow prognostic assessment and guide preventive and therapeutic interventions . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O" ]	Electron beam computed tomography ( EBCT ) allows viszalization and quantification of calcium in the coronary arteries . This has been demonstrated to correlate well with the overall plaque burden in the coronary arteries . EBCT is , therefore , well suited for the detection of early stages of coronary atherosclerosis . Especially in asymptomatic patients with several risk factors , staging coronary artery disease by coronary calcium , scanning may allow prognostic assessment and guide preventive and therapeutic interventions .	[ "Electron", "beam", "computed", "tomography", "(", "EBCT", ")", "allows", "viszalization", "and", "quantification", "of", "calcium", "in", "the", "coronary", "arteries", ".", "This", "has", "been", "demonstrated", "to", "correlate", "well", "with", "the", "overall", "plaque", "burden", "in", "the", "coronary", "arteries", ".", "EBCT", "is", ",", "therefore", ",", "well", "suited", "for", "the", "detection", "of", "early", "stages", "of", "coronary", "atherosclerosis", ".", "Especially", "in", "asymptomatic", "patients", "with", "several", "risk", "factors", ",", "staging", "coronary", "artery", "disease", "by", "coronary", "calcium", ",", "scanning", "may", "allow", "prognostic", "assessment", "and", "guide", "preventive", "and", "therapeutic", "interventions", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
miRNA is a Non-Specific_miRNAs	3750_task0	Sentence: [A study on miRNA alternation after H2O2-induced PC12 cell apoptosis using microarray technique]. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Non-Specific_miRNAs	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Non-Specific_miRNAs", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	[A study on miRNA alternation after H2O2-induced PC12 cell apoptosis using microarray technique].	[ "[", "A", "study", "on", "miRNA", "alternation", "after", "H2O2-induced", "PC12", "cell", "apoptosis", "using", "microarray", "technique", "]", ".", " " ]	[ "Diseases", "Relation_Trigger", "Non-Specific_miRNAs" ]
miRNA is a Non-Specific_miRNAs	3750_task1	Sentence: [A study on miRNA alternation after H2O2-induced PC12 cell apoptosis using microarray technique]. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: miRNA Options: Non-Specific_miRNAs	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Non-Specific_miRNAs", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	[A study on miRNA alternation after H2O2-induced PC12 cell apoptosis using microarray technique].	[ "[", "A", "study", "on", "miRNA", "alternation", "after", "H2O2-induced", "PC12", "cell", "apoptosis", "using", "microarray", "technique", "]", ".", " " ]	[ "Diseases", "Relation_Trigger", "Non-Specific_miRNAs" ]
miRNA	3750_task2	Sentence: [A study on miRNA alternation after H2O2-induced PC12 cell apoptosis using microarray technique]. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Non-Specific_miRNAs", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	[A study on miRNA alternation after H2O2-induced PC12 cell apoptosis using microarray technique].	[ "[", "A", "study", "on", "miRNA", "alternation", "after", "H2O2-induced", "PC12", "cell", "apoptosis", "using", "microarray", "technique", "]", ".", " " ]	[ "Diseases", "Relation_Trigger", "Non-Specific_miRNAs" ]
cognitive behaviour therapy is a Intervention_Educational, specialist medical care is a Intervention_Other, chronic fatigue syndrome is a Participant_Condition, CBT is a Intervention_Psychological, effectiveness and safety is a Outcome_Other, adaptive pacing therapy ( APT ) is a Intervention_Educational, Chalder fatigue questionnaire score is a Outcome_Other, physical function is a Outcome_Physical, short form-36 subscale score is a Outcome_Other, serious adverse events is a Outcome_Adverse-effects, serious adverse reactions is a Outcome_Adverse-effects, 641 is a Participant_Condition, SMC - alone is a Intervention_Physical, mean fatigue scores is a Outcome_Physical	49317_task0	Sentence: Comparison of adaptive pacing therapy , cognitive behaviour therapy , graded exercise therapy , and specialist medical care for chronic fatigue syndrome ( PACE ) : a randomised trial . BACKGROUND Trial findings show cognitive behaviour therapy ( CBT ) and graded exercise therapy ( GET ) can be effective treatments for chronic fatigue syndrome , but patients ' organisations have reported that these treatments can be harmful and favour pacing and specialist health care . We aimed to assess effectiveness and safety of all four treatments . METHODS In our parallel-group randomised trial , patients meeting Oxford criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome were recruited from six secondary-care clinics in the UK and randomly allocated by computer-generated sequence to receive specialist medical care ( SMC ) alone or with adaptive pacing therapy ( APT ) , CBT , or GET . Primary outcomes were fatigue ( measured by Chalder fatigue questionnaire score ) and physical function ( measured by short form-36 subscale score ) up to 52 weeks after randomisation , and safety was assessed primarily by recording all serious adverse events , including serious adverse reactions to trial treatments . Primary outcomes were rated by participants , who were necessarily unmasked to treatment assignment ; the statistician was masked to treatment assignment for the analysis of primary outcomes . We used longitudinal regression models to compare SMC alone with other treatments , APT with CBT , and APT with GET . The final analysis included all participants for whom we had data for primary outcomes . This trial is registered at http : //isrctn.org , number ISRCTN54285094 . FINDINGS We recruited 641 eligible patients , of whom 160 were assigned to the APT group , 161 to the CBT group , 160 to the GET group , and 160 to the SMC-alone group . Compared with SMC alone , mean fatigue scores at 52 weeks were 3·4 ( 95 % CI 1·8 to 5·0 ) points lower for CBT ( p = 0·0001 ) and 3·2 ( 1·7 to 4·8 ) points lower for GET ( p = 0·0003 ) , but did not differ for APT ( 0·7 [ -0·9 to 2·3 ] points lower ; p = 0·38 ) . Compared with SMC alone , mean physical function scores were 7·1 ( 2·0 to 12·1 ) points higher for CBT ( p = 0·0068 ) and 9·4 ( 4·4 to 14·4 ) points higher for GET ( p = 0·0005 ) , but did not differ for APT ( 3·4 [ -1·6 to 8·4 ] points lower ; p=0·18 ) . Compared with APT , CBT and GET were associated with less fatigue ( CBT p = 0·0027 ; GET p = 0·0059 ) and better physical function ( CBT p=0·0002 ; GET p < 0·0001 ) . Subgroup analysis of 427 participants meeting international criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome and 329 participants meeting London criteria for myalgic encephalomyelitis yielded equivalent results . Serious adverse reactions were recorded in two ( 1 % ) of 159 participants in the APT group , three ( 2 % ) of 161 in the CBT group , two ( 1 % ) of 160 in the GET group , and two ( 1 % ) of 160 in the SMC-alone group . INTERPRETATION CBT and GET can safely be added to SMC to moderately improve outcomes for chronic fatigue syndrome , but APT is not an effective addition . FUNDING UK Medical Research Council , Department of Health for England , Scottish Chief Scientist Office , Department for Work and Pensions . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Psychological, Outcome_Adverse-effects, Intervention_Physical, Participant_Condition, Intervention_Educational, Intervention_Other, Outcome_Physical, Outcome_Other	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Other", "I-Intervention_Other", "I-Intervention_Other", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Psychological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Comparison of adaptive pacing therapy , cognitive behaviour therapy , graded exercise therapy , and specialist medical care for chronic fatigue syndrome ( PACE ) : a randomised trial . BACKGROUND Trial findings show cognitive behaviour therapy ( CBT ) and graded exercise therapy ( GET ) can be effective treatments for chronic fatigue syndrome , but patients ' organisations have reported that these treatments can be harmful and favour pacing and specialist health care . We aimed to assess effectiveness and safety of all four treatments . METHODS In our parallel-group randomised trial , patients meeting Oxford criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome were recruited from six secondary-care clinics in the UK and randomly allocated by computer-generated sequence to receive specialist medical care ( SMC ) alone or with adaptive pacing therapy ( APT ) , CBT , or GET . Primary outcomes were fatigue ( measured by Chalder fatigue questionnaire score ) and physical function ( measured by short form-36 subscale score ) up to 52 weeks after randomisation , and safety was assessed primarily by recording all serious adverse events , including serious adverse reactions to trial treatments . Primary outcomes were rated by participants , who were necessarily unmasked to treatment assignment ; the statistician was masked to treatment assignment for the analysis of primary outcomes . We used longitudinal regression models to compare SMC alone with other treatments , APT with CBT , and APT with GET . The final analysis included all participants for whom we had data for primary outcomes . This trial is registered at http : //isrctn.org , number ISRCTN54285094 . FINDINGS We recruited 641 eligible patients , of whom 160 were assigned to the APT group , 161 to the CBT group , 160 to the GET group , and 160 to the SMC-alone group . Compared with SMC alone , mean fatigue scores at 52 weeks were 3·4 ( 95 % CI 1·8 to 5·0 ) points lower for CBT ( p = 0·0001 ) and 3·2 ( 1·7 to 4·8 ) points lower for GET ( p = 0·0003 ) , but did not differ for APT ( 0·7 [ -0·9 to 2·3 ] points lower ; p = 0·38 ) . Compared with SMC alone , mean physical function scores were 7·1 ( 2·0 to 12·1 ) points higher for CBT ( p = 0·0068 ) and 9·4 ( 4·4 to 14·4 ) points higher for GET ( p = 0·0005 ) , but did not differ for APT ( 3·4 [ -1·6 to 8·4 ] points lower ; p=0·18 ) . Compared with APT , CBT and GET were associated with less fatigue ( CBT p = 0·0027 ; GET p = 0·0059 ) and better physical function ( CBT p=0·0002 ; GET p < 0·0001 ) . Subgroup analysis of 427 participants meeting international criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome and 329 participants meeting London criteria for myalgic encephalomyelitis yielded equivalent results . Serious adverse reactions were recorded in two ( 1 % ) of 159 participants in the APT group , three ( 2 % ) of 161 in the CBT group , two ( 1 % ) of 160 in the GET group , and two ( 1 % ) of 160 in the SMC-alone group . INTERPRETATION CBT and GET can safely be added to SMC to moderately improve outcomes for chronic fatigue syndrome , but APT is not an effective addition . FUNDING UK Medical Research Council , Department of Health for England , Scottish Chief Scientist Office , Department for Work and Pensions .	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"=", "0·0001", ")", "and", "3·2", "(", "1·7", "to", "4·8", ")", "points", "lower", "for", "GET", "(", "p", "=", "0·0003", ")", ",", "but", "did", "not", "differ", "for", "APT", "(", "0·7", "[", "-0·9", "to", "2·3", "]", "points", "lower", ";", "p", "=", "0·38", ")", ".", "Compared", "with", "SMC", "alone", ",", "mean", "physical", "function", "scores", "were", "7·1", "(", "2·0", "to", "12·1", ")", "points", "higher", "for", "CBT", "(", "p", "=", "0·0068", ")", "and", "9·4", "(", "4·4", "to", "14·4", ")", "points", "higher", "for", "GET", "(", "p", "=", "0·0005", ")", ",", "but", "did", "not", "differ", "for", "APT", "(", "3·4", "[", "-1·6", "to", "8·4", "]", "points", "lower", ";", "p=0·18", ")", ".", "Compared", "with", "APT", ",", "CBT", "and", "GET", "were", "associated", "with", "less", "fatigue", "(", "CBT", "p", "=", "0·0027", ";", "GET", "p", "=", "0·0059", ")", "and", "better", "physical", "function", "(", "CBT", "p=0·0002", ";", "GET", "p", "<", "0·0001", ")", ".", "Subgroup", 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",", "Scottish", "Chief", "Scientist", "Office", ",", "Department", "for", "Work", "and", "Pensions", "." ]	[ "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Educational", "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Other", "Outcome_Physical", "Intervention_Physical", "Intervention_Psychological" ]
cognitive behaviour therapy is a Intervention_Educational, specialist medical care is a Intervention_Other, chronic fatigue syndrome is a Participant_Condition, CBT is a Intervention_Psychological, effectiveness and safety is a Outcome_Other, adaptive pacing therapy ( APT ) is a Intervention_Educational, Chalder fatigue questionnaire score is a Outcome_Other, physical function is a Outcome_Physical, short form-36 subscale score is a Outcome_Other, serious adverse events is a Outcome_Adverse-effects, serious adverse reactions is a Outcome_Adverse-effects, 641 is a Participant_Condition, SMC - alone is a Intervention_Physical, mean fatigue scores is a Outcome_Physical	49317_task1	Sentence: Comparison of adaptive pacing therapy , cognitive behaviour therapy , graded exercise therapy , and specialist medical care for chronic fatigue syndrome ( PACE ) : a randomised trial . BACKGROUND Trial findings show cognitive behaviour therapy ( CBT ) and graded exercise therapy ( GET ) can be effective treatments for chronic fatigue syndrome , but patients ' organisations have reported that these treatments can be harmful and favour pacing and specialist health care . We aimed to assess effectiveness and safety of all four treatments . METHODS In our parallel-group randomised trial , patients meeting Oxford criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome were recruited from six secondary-care clinics in the UK and randomly allocated by computer-generated sequence to receive specialist medical care ( SMC ) alone or with adaptive pacing therapy ( APT ) , CBT , or GET . Primary outcomes were fatigue ( measured by Chalder fatigue questionnaire score ) and physical function ( measured by short form-36 subscale score ) up to 52 weeks after randomisation , and safety was assessed primarily by recording all serious adverse events , including serious adverse reactions to trial treatments . Primary outcomes were rated by participants , who were necessarily unmasked to treatment assignment ; the statistician was masked to treatment assignment for the analysis of primary outcomes . We used longitudinal regression models to compare SMC alone with other treatments , APT with CBT , and APT with GET . The final analysis included all participants for whom we had data for primary outcomes . This trial is registered at http : //isrctn.org , number ISRCTN54285094 . FINDINGS We recruited 641 eligible patients , of whom 160 were assigned to the APT group , 161 to the CBT group , 160 to the GET group , and 160 to the SMC-alone group . Compared with SMC alone , mean fatigue scores at 52 weeks were 3·4 ( 95 % CI 1·8 to 5·0 ) points lower for CBT ( p = 0·0001 ) and 3·2 ( 1·7 to 4·8 ) points lower for GET ( p = 0·0003 ) , but did not differ for APT ( 0·7 [ -0·9 to 2·3 ] points lower ; p = 0·38 ) . Compared with SMC alone , mean physical function scores were 7·1 ( 2·0 to 12·1 ) points higher for CBT ( p = 0·0068 ) and 9·4 ( 4·4 to 14·4 ) points higher for GET ( p = 0·0005 ) , but did not differ for APT ( 3·4 [ -1·6 to 8·4 ] points lower ; p=0·18 ) . Compared with APT , CBT and GET were associated with less fatigue ( CBT p = 0·0027 ; GET p = 0·0059 ) and better physical function ( CBT p=0·0002 ; GET p < 0·0001 ) . Subgroup analysis of 427 participants meeting international criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome and 329 participants meeting London criteria for myalgic encephalomyelitis yielded equivalent results . Serious adverse reactions were recorded in two ( 1 % ) of 159 participants in the APT group , three ( 2 % ) of 161 in the CBT group , two ( 1 % ) of 160 in the GET group , and two ( 1 % ) of 160 in the SMC-alone group . INTERPRETATION CBT and GET can safely be added to SMC to moderately improve outcomes for chronic fatigue syndrome , but APT is not an effective addition . FUNDING UK Medical Research Council , Department of Health for England , Scottish Chief Scientist Office , Department for Work and Pensions . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: cognitive behaviour therapy, specialist medical care, chronic fatigue syndrome, CBT, effectiveness and safety, adaptive pacing therapy ( APT ), Chalder fatigue questionnaire score, physical function, short form-36 subscale score, serious adverse events, serious adverse reactions, 641, SMC - alone, mean fatigue scores Options: Intervention_Psychological, Outcome_Adverse-effects, Intervention_Physical, Participant_Condition, Intervention_Educational, Intervention_Other, Outcome_Physical, Outcome_Other	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Other", "I-Intervention_Other", "I-Intervention_Other", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Psychological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Comparison of adaptive pacing therapy , cognitive behaviour therapy , graded exercise therapy , and specialist medical care for chronic fatigue syndrome ( PACE ) : a randomised trial . BACKGROUND Trial findings show cognitive behaviour therapy ( CBT ) and graded exercise therapy ( GET ) can be effective treatments for chronic fatigue syndrome , but patients ' organisations have reported that these treatments can be harmful and favour pacing and specialist health care . We aimed to assess effectiveness and safety of all four treatments . METHODS In our parallel-group randomised trial , patients meeting Oxford criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome were recruited from six secondary-care clinics in the UK and randomly allocated by computer-generated sequence to receive specialist medical care ( SMC ) alone or with adaptive pacing therapy ( APT ) , CBT , or GET . Primary outcomes were fatigue ( measured by Chalder fatigue questionnaire score ) and physical function ( measured by short form-36 subscale score ) up to 52 weeks after randomisation , and safety was assessed primarily by recording all serious adverse events , including serious adverse reactions to trial treatments . Primary outcomes were rated by participants , who were necessarily unmasked to treatment assignment ; the statistician was masked to treatment assignment for the analysis of primary outcomes . We used longitudinal regression models to compare SMC alone with other treatments , APT with CBT , and APT with GET . The final analysis included all participants for whom we had data for primary outcomes . This trial is registered at http : //isrctn.org , number ISRCTN54285094 . FINDINGS We recruited 641 eligible patients , of whom 160 were assigned to the APT group , 161 to the CBT group , 160 to the GET group , and 160 to the SMC-alone group . Compared with SMC alone , mean fatigue scores at 52 weeks were 3·4 ( 95 % CI 1·8 to 5·0 ) points lower for CBT ( p = 0·0001 ) and 3·2 ( 1·7 to 4·8 ) points lower for GET ( p = 0·0003 ) , but did not differ for APT ( 0·7 [ -0·9 to 2·3 ] points lower ; p = 0·38 ) . Compared with SMC alone , mean physical function scores were 7·1 ( 2·0 to 12·1 ) points higher for CBT ( p = 0·0068 ) and 9·4 ( 4·4 to 14·4 ) points higher for GET ( p = 0·0005 ) , but did not differ for APT ( 3·4 [ -1·6 to 8·4 ] points lower ; p=0·18 ) . Compared with APT , CBT and GET were associated with less fatigue ( CBT p = 0·0027 ; GET p = 0·0059 ) and better physical function ( CBT p=0·0002 ; GET p < 0·0001 ) . Subgroup analysis of 427 participants meeting international criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome and 329 participants meeting London criteria for myalgic encephalomyelitis yielded equivalent results . Serious adverse reactions were recorded in two ( 1 % ) of 159 participants in the APT group , three ( 2 % ) of 161 in the CBT group , two ( 1 % ) of 160 in the GET group , and two ( 1 % ) of 160 in the SMC-alone group . INTERPRETATION CBT and GET can safely be added to SMC to moderately improve outcomes for chronic fatigue syndrome , but APT is not an effective addition . FUNDING UK Medical Research Council , Department of Health for England , Scottish Chief Scientist Office , Department for Work and Pensions .	[ "Comparison", "of", "adaptive", "pacing", "therapy", ",", "cognitive", "behaviour", "therapy", ",", "graded", "exercise", "therapy", ",", "and", "specialist", "medical", "care", "for", "chronic", "fatigue", "syndrome", "(", "PACE", ")", ":", "a", "randomised", "trial", ".", "BACKGROUND", "Trial", "findings", "show", "cognitive", "behaviour", "therapy", "(", "CBT", ")", "and", "graded", "exercise", "therapy", "(", "GET", ")", "can", "be", "effective", "treatments", "for", "chronic", "fatigue", "syndrome", ",", "but", "patients", "'", "organisations", "have", "reported", "that", "these", "treatments", "can", "be", "harmful", "and", "favour", "pacing", "and", "specialist", "health", "care", ".", "We", "aimed", "to", "assess", "effectiveness", "and", "safety", "of", "all", "four", "treatments", ".", "METHODS", "In", "our", "parallel", "-", "group", "randomised", "trial", ",", "patients", "meeting", "Oxford", "criteria", "for", "chronic", "fatigue", "syndrome", "were", "recruited", 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"=", "0·0001", ")", "and", "3·2", "(", "1·7", "to", "4·8", ")", "points", "lower", "for", "GET", "(", "p", "=", "0·0003", ")", ",", "but", "did", "not", "differ", "for", "APT", "(", "0·7", "[", "-0·9", "to", "2·3", "]", "points", "lower", ";", "p", "=", "0·38", ")", ".", "Compared", "with", "SMC", "alone", ",", "mean", "physical", "function", "scores", "were", "7·1", "(", "2·0", "to", "12·1", ")", "points", "higher", "for", "CBT", "(", "p", "=", "0·0068", ")", "and", "9·4", "(", "4·4", "to", "14·4", ")", "points", "higher", "for", "GET", "(", "p", "=", "0·0005", ")", ",", "but", "did", "not", "differ", "for", "APT", "(", "3·4", "[", "-1·6", "to", "8·4", "]", "points", "lower", ";", "p=0·18", ")", ".", "Compared", "with", "APT", ",", "CBT", "and", "GET", "were", "associated", "with", "less", "fatigue", "(", "CBT", "p", "=", "0·0027", ";", "GET", "p", "=", "0·0059", ")", "and", "better", "physical", "function", "(", "CBT", "p=0·0002", ";", "GET", "p", "<", "0·0001", ")", ".", "Subgroup", "analysis", "of", "427", "participants", "meeting", "international", "criteria", "for", "chronic", "fatigue", "syndrome", "and", "329", "participants", "meeting", "London", "criteria", "for", "myalgic", "encephalomyelitis", "yielded", "equivalent", "results", ".", "Serious", "adverse", "reactions", "were", "recorded", "in", "two", "(", "1", "%", ")", "of", "159", "participants", "in", "the", "APT", "group", ",", "three", "(", "2", "%", ")", "of", "161", "in", "the", "CBT", "group", ",", "two", "(", "1", "%", ")", "of", "160", "in", "the", "GET", "group", ",", "and", "two", "(", "1", "%", ")", "of", "160", "in", "the", "SMC", "-", "alone", "group", ".", "INTERPRETATION", "CBT", "and", "GET", "can", "safely", "be", "added", "to", "SMC", "to", "moderately", "improve", "outcomes", "for", "chronic", "fatigue", "syndrome", ",", "but", "APT", "is", "not", "an", "effective", "addition", ".", "FUNDING", "UK", "Medical", "Research", "Council", ",", "Department", "of", "Health", "for", "England", ",", "Scottish", "Chief", "Scientist", "Office", ",", "Department", "for", "Work", "and", "Pensions", "." ]	[ "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Educational", "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Other", "Outcome_Physical", "Intervention_Physical", "Intervention_Psychological" ]
cognitive behaviour therapy, specialist medical care, chronic fatigue syndrome, CBT, effectiveness and safety, adaptive pacing therapy ( APT ), Chalder fatigue questionnaire score, physical function, short form-36 subscale score, serious adverse events, serious adverse reactions, 641, SMC - alone, mean fatigue scores	49317_task2	Sentence: Comparison of adaptive pacing therapy , cognitive behaviour therapy , graded exercise therapy , and specialist medical care for chronic fatigue syndrome ( PACE ) : a randomised trial . BACKGROUND Trial findings show cognitive behaviour therapy ( CBT ) and graded exercise therapy ( GET ) can be effective treatments for chronic fatigue syndrome , but patients ' organisations have reported that these treatments can be harmful and favour pacing and specialist health care . We aimed to assess effectiveness and safety of all four treatments . METHODS In our parallel-group randomised trial , patients meeting Oxford criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome were recruited from six secondary-care clinics in the UK and randomly allocated by computer-generated sequence to receive specialist medical care ( SMC ) alone or with adaptive pacing therapy ( APT ) , CBT , or GET . Primary outcomes were fatigue ( measured by Chalder fatigue questionnaire score ) and physical function ( measured by short form-36 subscale score ) up to 52 weeks after randomisation , and safety was assessed primarily by recording all serious adverse events , including serious adverse reactions to trial treatments . Primary outcomes were rated by participants , who were necessarily unmasked to treatment assignment ; the statistician was masked to treatment assignment for the analysis of primary outcomes . We used longitudinal regression models to compare SMC alone with other treatments , APT with CBT , and APT with GET . The final analysis included all participants for whom we had data for primary outcomes . This trial is registered at http : //isrctn.org , number ISRCTN54285094 . FINDINGS We recruited 641 eligible patients , of whom 160 were assigned to the APT group , 161 to the CBT group , 160 to the GET group , and 160 to the SMC-alone group . Compared with SMC alone , mean fatigue scores at 52 weeks were 3·4 ( 95 % CI 1·8 to 5·0 ) points lower for CBT ( p = 0·0001 ) and 3·2 ( 1·7 to 4·8 ) points lower for GET ( p = 0·0003 ) , but did not differ for APT ( 0·7 [ -0·9 to 2·3 ] points lower ; p = 0·38 ) . Compared with SMC alone , mean physical function scores were 7·1 ( 2·0 to 12·1 ) points higher for CBT ( p = 0·0068 ) and 9·4 ( 4·4 to 14·4 ) points higher for GET ( p = 0·0005 ) , but did not differ for APT ( 3·4 [ -1·6 to 8·4 ] points lower ; p=0·18 ) . Compared with APT , CBT and GET were associated with less fatigue ( CBT p = 0·0027 ; GET p = 0·0059 ) and better physical function ( CBT p=0·0002 ; GET p < 0·0001 ) . Subgroup analysis of 427 participants meeting international criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome and 329 participants meeting London criteria for myalgic encephalomyelitis yielded equivalent results . Serious adverse reactions were recorded in two ( 1 % ) of 159 participants in the APT group , three ( 2 % ) of 161 in the CBT group , two ( 1 % ) of 160 in the GET group , and two ( 1 % ) of 160 in the SMC-alone group . INTERPRETATION CBT and GET can safely be added to SMC to moderately improve outcomes for chronic fatigue syndrome , but APT is not an effective addition . FUNDING UK Medical Research Council , Department of Health for England , Scottish Chief Scientist Office , Department for Work and Pensions . 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BACKGROUND Trial findings show cognitive behaviour therapy ( CBT ) and graded exercise therapy ( GET ) can be effective treatments for chronic fatigue syndrome , but patients ' organisations have reported that these treatments can be harmful and favour pacing and specialist health care . We aimed to assess effectiveness and safety of all four treatments . METHODS In our parallel-group randomised trial , patients meeting Oxford criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome were recruited from six secondary-care clinics in the UK and randomly allocated by computer-generated sequence to receive specialist medical care ( SMC ) alone or with adaptive pacing therapy ( APT ) , CBT , or GET . Primary outcomes were fatigue ( measured by Chalder fatigue questionnaire score ) and physical function ( measured by short form-36 subscale score ) up to 52 weeks after randomisation , and safety was assessed primarily by recording all serious adverse events , including serious adverse reactions to trial treatments . Primary outcomes were rated by participants , who were necessarily unmasked to treatment assignment ; the statistician was masked to treatment assignment for the analysis of primary outcomes . We used longitudinal regression models to compare SMC alone with other treatments , APT with CBT , and APT with GET . The final analysis included all participants for whom we had data for primary outcomes . This trial is registered at http : //isrctn.org , number ISRCTN54285094 . FINDINGS We recruited 641 eligible patients , of whom 160 were assigned to the APT group , 161 to the CBT group , 160 to the GET group , and 160 to the SMC-alone group . Compared with SMC alone , mean fatigue scores at 52 weeks were 3·4 ( 95 % CI 1·8 to 5·0 ) points lower for CBT ( p = 0·0001 ) and 3·2 ( 1·7 to 4·8 ) points lower for GET ( p = 0·0003 ) , but did not differ for APT ( 0·7 [ -0·9 to 2·3 ] points lower ; p = 0·38 ) . Compared with SMC alone , mean physical function scores were 7·1 ( 2·0 to 12·1 ) points higher for CBT ( p = 0·0068 ) and 9·4 ( 4·4 to 14·4 ) points higher for GET ( p = 0·0005 ) , but did not differ for APT ( 3·4 [ -1·6 to 8·4 ] points lower ; p=0·18 ) . Compared with APT , CBT and GET were associated with less fatigue ( CBT p = 0·0027 ; GET p = 0·0059 ) and better physical function ( CBT p=0·0002 ; GET p < 0·0001 ) . Subgroup analysis of 427 participants meeting international criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome and 329 participants meeting London criteria for myalgic encephalomyelitis yielded equivalent results . Serious adverse reactions were recorded in two ( 1 % ) of 159 participants in the APT group , three ( 2 % ) of 161 in the CBT group , two ( 1 % ) of 160 in the GET group , and two ( 1 % ) of 160 in the SMC-alone group . INTERPRETATION CBT and GET can safely be added to SMC to moderately improve outcomes for chronic fatigue syndrome , but APT is not an effective addition . FUNDING UK Medical Research Council , Department of Health for England , Scottish Chief Scientist Office , Department for Work and Pensions .	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",", "Scottish", "Chief", "Scientist", "Office", ",", "Department", "for", "Work", "and", "Pensions", "." ]	[ "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Educational", "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Other", "Outcome_Physical", "Intervention_Physical", "Intervention_Psychological" ]
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Organism, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Organism, P. aeruginosa is a Organism, lipopolysaccharide is a Chemical, LPS is a Chemical, PmrAB is a Two-component-system, PA3552-PA3559 is a Regulon-operon, P. aeruginosa is a Organism, aminoglycosides is a Chemical, beta - lactam is a Chemical, fluoroquinolone is a Chemical, P. aeruginosa is a Organism	106_task0	Sentence: Extracellular DNA Chelates Cations and Induces Antibiotic Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms Biofilms are surface-adhered bacterial communities encased in an extracellular matrix composed of DNA, bacterial polysaccharides and proteins, which are up to 1000-fold more antibiotic resistant than planktonic cultures. To date, extracellular DNA has been shown to function as a structural support to maintain Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm architecture. Here we show that DNA is a multifaceted component of P. aeruginosa biofilms. At physiologically relevant concentrations, extracellular DNA has antimicrobial activity, causing cell lysis by chelating cations that stabilize lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the outer membrane (OM). DNA-mediated killing occurred within minutes, as a result of perturbation of both the outer and inner membrane (IM) and the release of cytoplasmic contents, including genomic DNA. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of DNA created a cation-limited environment that resulted in induction of the PhoPQ- and PmrAB-regulated cationic antimicrobial peptide resistance operon PA3552-PA3559 in P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, DNA-induced expression of this operon resulted in up to 2560-fold increased resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides and 640-fold increased resistance to aminoglycosides, but had no effect on beta-lactam and fluoroquinolone resistance. Thus, the presence of extracellular DNA in the biofilm matrix contributes to cation gradients, genomic DNA release and inducible antibiotic resistance. DNA-rich environments, including biofilms and other infection sites like the CF lung, are likely the in vivo environments where extracellular pathogens such as P. aeruginosa encounter cation limitation. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Regulon-operon, Chemical, Two-component-system, Organism	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Chemical", "O", "B-Chemical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Two-component-system", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Regulon-operon", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Chemical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Chemical", "I-Chemical", "I-Chemical", "O", "B-Chemical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Extracellular DNA Chelates Cations and Induces Antibiotic Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms Biofilms are surface-adhered bacterial communities encased in an extracellular matrix composed of DNA, bacterial polysaccharides and proteins, which are up to 1000-fold more antibiotic resistant than planktonic cultures. To date, extracellular DNA has been shown to function as a structural support to maintain Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm architecture. Here we show that DNA is a multifaceted component of P. aeruginosa biofilms. At physiologically relevant concentrations, extracellular DNA has antimicrobial activity, causing cell lysis by chelating cations that stabilize lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the outer membrane (OM). DNA-mediated killing occurred within minutes, as a result of perturbation of both the outer and inner membrane (IM) and the release of cytoplasmic contents, including genomic DNA. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of DNA created a cation-limited environment that resulted in induction of the PhoPQ- and PmrAB-regulated cationic antimicrobial peptide resistance operon PA3552-PA3559 in P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, DNA-induced expression of this operon resulted in up to 2560-fold increased resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides and 640-fold increased resistance to aminoglycosides, but had no effect on beta-lactam and fluoroquinolone resistance. Thus, the presence of extracellular DNA in the biofilm matrix contributes to cation gradients, genomic DNA release and inducible antibiotic resistance. DNA-rich environments, including biofilms and other infection sites like the CF lung, are likely the in vivo environments where extracellular pathogens such as P. aeruginosa encounter cation limitation.	[ "Extracellular", "DNA", "Chelates", "Cations", "and", "Induces", "Antibiotic", "Resistance", "in", "Pseudomonas", "aeruginosa", "Biofilms", "\n", "Biofilms", "are", "surface", "-", "adhered", "bacterial", "communities", "encased", "in", "an", "extracellular", "matrix", "composed", "of", "DNA", ",", "bacterial", "polysaccharides", "and", "proteins", ",", "which", "are", "up", "to", "1000-fold", "more", "antibiotic", "resistant", "than", "planktonic", "cultures", ".", "To", "date", ",", "extracellular", "DNA", "has", "been", "shown", "to", "function", "as", "a", "structural", "support", "to", "maintain", "Pseudomonas", "aeruginosa", "biofilm", "architecture", ".", "Here", "we", "show", "that", "DNA", "is", "a", "multifaceted", "component", "of", "P.", "aeruginosa", "biofilms", ".", "At", "physiologically", "relevant", "concentrations", ",", "extracellular", "DNA", "has", "antimicrobial", "activity", ",", "causing", "cell", "lysis", "by", "chelating", "cations", "that", "stabilize", "lipopolysaccharide", "(", "LPS", ")", "and", "the", "outer", "membrane", "(", "OM", ")", ".", "DNA", "-", "mediated", "killing", "occurred", "within", "minutes", ",", "as", "a", "result", "of", "perturbation", "of", "both", "the", "outer", "and", "inner", "membrane", "(", "IM", ")", "and", "the", "release", "of", "cytoplasmic", "contents", ",", "including", "genomic", "DNA", ".", "Sub", "-", "inhibitory", "concentrations", "of", "DNA", "created", "a", "cation", "-", "limited", "environment", "that", "resulted", "in", "induction", "of", "the", "PhoPQ-", "and", "PmrAB", "-", "regulated", "cationic", "antimicrobial", "peptide", "resistance", "operon", "PA3552-PA3559", "in", "P.", "aeruginosa", ".", "Furthermore", ",", "DNA", "-", "induced", "expression", "of", "this", "operon", "resulted", "in", "up", "to", "2560-fold", "increased", "resistance", "to", "cationic", "antimicrobial", "peptides", "and", "640-fold", "increased", "resistance", "to", "aminoglycosides", ",", "but", "had", "no", "effect", "on", "beta", "-", "lactam", "and", "fluoroquinolone", "resistance", ".", "Thus", ",", "the", "presence", "of", "extracellular", "DNA", "in", "the", "biofilm", "matrix", "contributes", "to", "cation", "gradients", ",", "genomic", "DNA", "release", "and", "inducible", "antibiotic", "resistance", ".", "DNA", "-", "rich", "environments", ",", "including", "biofilms", "and", "other", "infection", "sites", "like", "the", "CF", "lung", ",", "are", "likely", "the", "in", "vivo", "environments", "where", "extracellular", "pathogens", "such", "as", "P.", "aeruginosa", "encounter", "cation", "limitation", ".", "\n" ]	[ "Organism", "Chemical", "Regulon-operon", "Protein", "Two-component-system" ]
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Organism, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Organism, P. aeruginosa is a Organism, lipopolysaccharide is a Chemical, LPS is a Chemical, PmrAB is a Two-component-system, PA3552-PA3559 is a Regulon-operon, P. aeruginosa is a Organism, aminoglycosides is a Chemical, beta - lactam is a Chemical, fluoroquinolone is a Chemical, P. aeruginosa is a Organism	106_task1	Sentence: Extracellular DNA Chelates Cations and Induces Antibiotic Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms Biofilms are surface-adhered bacterial communities encased in an extracellular matrix composed of DNA, bacterial polysaccharides and proteins, which are up to 1000-fold more antibiotic resistant than planktonic cultures. To date, extracellular DNA has been shown to function as a structural support to maintain Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm architecture. Here we show that DNA is a multifaceted component of P. aeruginosa biofilms. At physiologically relevant concentrations, extracellular DNA has antimicrobial activity, causing cell lysis by chelating cations that stabilize lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the outer membrane (OM). DNA-mediated killing occurred within minutes, as a result of perturbation of both the outer and inner membrane (IM) and the release of cytoplasmic contents, including genomic DNA. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of DNA created a cation-limited environment that resulted in induction of the PhoPQ- and PmrAB-regulated cationic antimicrobial peptide resistance operon PA3552-PA3559 in P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, DNA-induced expression of this operon resulted in up to 2560-fold increased resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides and 640-fold increased resistance to aminoglycosides, but had no effect on beta-lactam and fluoroquinolone resistance. Thus, the presence of extracellular DNA in the biofilm matrix contributes to cation gradients, genomic DNA release and inducible antibiotic resistance. DNA-rich environments, including biofilms and other infection sites like the CF lung, are likely the in vivo environments where extracellular pathogens such as P. aeruginosa encounter cation limitation. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. aeruginosa, lipopolysaccharide, LPS, PmrAB, PA3552-PA3559, P. aeruginosa, aminoglycosides, beta - lactam, fluoroquinolone, P. aeruginosa Options: Regulon-operon, Chemical, Two-component-system, Organism	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Chemical", "O", "B-Chemical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Two-component-system", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Regulon-operon", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Chemical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Chemical", "I-Chemical", "I-Chemical", "O", "B-Chemical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Extracellular DNA Chelates Cations and Induces Antibiotic Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms Biofilms are surface-adhered bacterial communities encased in an extracellular matrix composed of DNA, bacterial polysaccharides and proteins, which are up to 1000-fold more antibiotic resistant than planktonic cultures. To date, extracellular DNA has been shown to function as a structural support to maintain Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm architecture. Here we show that DNA is a multifaceted component of P. aeruginosa biofilms. At physiologically relevant concentrations, extracellular DNA has antimicrobial activity, causing cell lysis by chelating cations that stabilize lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the outer membrane (OM). DNA-mediated killing occurred within minutes, as a result of perturbation of both the outer and inner membrane (IM) and the release of cytoplasmic contents, including genomic DNA. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of DNA created a cation-limited environment that resulted in induction of the PhoPQ- and PmrAB-regulated cationic antimicrobial peptide resistance operon PA3552-PA3559 in P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, DNA-induced expression of this operon resulted in up to 2560-fold increased resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides and 640-fold increased resistance to aminoglycosides, but had no effect on beta-lactam and fluoroquinolone resistance. Thus, the presence of extracellular DNA in the biofilm matrix contributes to cation gradients, genomic DNA release and inducible antibiotic resistance. DNA-rich environments, including biofilms and other infection sites like the CF lung, are likely the in vivo environments where extracellular pathogens such as P. aeruginosa encounter cation limitation.	[ "Extracellular", "DNA", "Chelates", "Cations", "and", "Induces", "Antibiotic", "Resistance", "in", "Pseudomonas", "aeruginosa", "Biofilms", "\n", "Biofilms", "are", "surface", "-", "adhered", "bacterial", "communities", "encased", "in", "an", "extracellular", "matrix", "composed", "of", "DNA", ",", "bacterial", "polysaccharides", "and", "proteins", ",", "which", "are", "up", "to", "1000-fold", "more", "antibiotic", "resistant", "than", "planktonic", "cultures", ".", "To", "date", ",", "extracellular", "DNA", "has", "been", "shown", "to", "function", "as", "a", "structural", "support", "to", "maintain", "Pseudomonas", "aeruginosa", "biofilm", "architecture", ".", "Here", "we", "show", "that", "DNA", "is", "a", "multifaceted", "component", "of", "P.", "aeruginosa", "biofilms", ".", "At", "physiologically", "relevant", "concentrations", ",", "extracellular", "DNA", "has", "antimicrobial", "activity", ",", "causing", "cell", "lysis", "by", "chelating", "cations", "that", "stabilize", "lipopolysaccharide", "(", "LPS", ")", "and", "the", "outer", "membrane", "(", "OM", ")", ".", "DNA", "-", "mediated", "killing", "occurred", "within", "minutes", ",", "as", "a", "result", "of", "perturbation", "of", "both", "the", "outer", "and", "inner", "membrane", "(", "IM", ")", "and", "the", "release", "of", "cytoplasmic", "contents", ",", "including", "genomic", "DNA", ".", "Sub", "-", "inhibitory", "concentrations", "of", "DNA", "created", "a", "cation", "-", "limited", "environment", "that", "resulted", "in", "induction", "of", "the", "PhoPQ-", "and", "PmrAB", "-", "regulated", "cationic", "antimicrobial", "peptide", "resistance", "operon", "PA3552-PA3559", "in", "P.", "aeruginosa", ".", "Furthermore", ",", "DNA", "-", "induced", "expression", "of", "this", "operon", "resulted", "in", "up", "to", "2560-fold", "increased", "resistance", "to", "cationic", "antimicrobial", "peptides", "and", "640-fold", "increased", "resistance", "to", "aminoglycosides", ",", "but", "had", "no", "effect", "on", "beta", "-", "lactam", "and", "fluoroquinolone", "resistance", ".", "Thus", ",", "the", "presence", "of", "extracellular", "DNA", "in", "the", "biofilm", "matrix", "contributes", "to", "cation", "gradients", ",", "genomic", "DNA", "release", "and", "inducible", "antibiotic", "resistance", ".", "DNA", "-", "rich", "environments", ",", "including", "biofilms", "and", "other", "infection", "sites", "like", "the", "CF", "lung", ",", "are", "likely", "the", "in", "vivo", "environments", "where", "extracellular", "pathogens", "such", "as", "P.", "aeruginosa", "encounter", "cation", "limitation", ".", "\n" ]	[ "Organism", "Chemical", "Regulon-operon", "Protein", "Two-component-system" ]
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. aeruginosa, lipopolysaccharide, LPS, PmrAB, PA3552-PA3559, P. aeruginosa, aminoglycosides, beta - lactam, fluoroquinolone, P. aeruginosa	106_task2	Sentence: Extracellular DNA Chelates Cations and Induces Antibiotic Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms Biofilms are surface-adhered bacterial communities encased in an extracellular matrix composed of DNA, bacterial polysaccharides and proteins, which are up to 1000-fold more antibiotic resistant than planktonic cultures. To date, extracellular DNA has been shown to function as a structural support to maintain Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm architecture. Here we show that DNA is a multifaceted component of P. aeruginosa biofilms. At physiologically relevant concentrations, extracellular DNA has antimicrobial activity, causing cell lysis by chelating cations that stabilize lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the outer membrane (OM). DNA-mediated killing occurred within minutes, as a result of perturbation of both the outer and inner membrane (IM) and the release of cytoplasmic contents, including genomic DNA. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of DNA created a cation-limited environment that resulted in induction of the PhoPQ- and PmrAB-regulated cationic antimicrobial peptide resistance operon PA3552-PA3559 in P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, DNA-induced expression of this operon resulted in up to 2560-fold increased resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides and 640-fold increased resistance to aminoglycosides, but had no effect on beta-lactam and fluoroquinolone resistance. Thus, the presence of extracellular DNA in the biofilm matrix contributes to cation gradients, genomic DNA release and inducible antibiotic resistance. DNA-rich environments, including biofilms and other infection sites like the CF lung, are likely the in vivo environments where extracellular pathogens such as P. aeruginosa encounter cation limitation. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Chemical", "O", "B-Chemical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Two-component-system", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Regulon-operon", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Chemical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Chemical", "I-Chemical", "I-Chemical", "O", "B-Chemical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Extracellular DNA Chelates Cations and Induces Antibiotic Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms Biofilms are surface-adhered bacterial communities encased in an extracellular matrix composed of DNA, bacterial polysaccharides and proteins, which are up to 1000-fold more antibiotic resistant than planktonic cultures. To date, extracellular DNA has been shown to function as a structural support to maintain Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm architecture. Here we show that DNA is a multifaceted component of P. aeruginosa biofilms. At physiologically relevant concentrations, extracellular DNA has antimicrobial activity, causing cell lysis by chelating cations that stabilize lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the outer membrane (OM). DNA-mediated killing occurred within minutes, as a result of perturbation of both the outer and inner membrane (IM) and the release of cytoplasmic contents, including genomic DNA. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of DNA created a cation-limited environment that resulted in induction of the PhoPQ- and PmrAB-regulated cationic antimicrobial peptide resistance operon PA3552-PA3559 in P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, DNA-induced expression of this operon resulted in up to 2560-fold increased resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides and 640-fold increased resistance to aminoglycosides, but had no effect on beta-lactam and fluoroquinolone resistance. Thus, the presence of extracellular DNA in the biofilm matrix contributes to cation gradients, genomic DNA release and inducible antibiotic resistance. DNA-rich environments, including biofilms and other infection sites like the CF lung, are likely the in vivo environments where extracellular pathogens such as P. aeruginosa encounter cation limitation.	[ "Extracellular", "DNA", "Chelates", "Cations", "and", "Induces", "Antibiotic", "Resistance", "in", "Pseudomonas", "aeruginosa", "Biofilms", "\n", "Biofilms", "are", "surface", "-", "adhered", "bacterial", "communities", "encased", "in", "an", "extracellular", "matrix", "composed", "of", "DNA", ",", "bacterial", "polysaccharides", "and", "proteins", ",", "which", "are", "up", "to", "1000-fold", "more", "antibiotic", "resistant", "than", "planktonic", "cultures", ".", "To", "date", ",", "extracellular", "DNA", "has", "been", "shown", "to", "function", "as", "a", "structural", "support", "to", "maintain", "Pseudomonas", "aeruginosa", "biofilm", "architecture", ".", "Here", "we", "show", "that", "DNA", "is", "a", "multifaceted", "component", "of", "P.", "aeruginosa", "biofilms", ".", "At", "physiologically", "relevant", "concentrations", ",", "extracellular", "DNA", "has", "antimicrobial", "activity", ",", "causing", "cell", "lysis", "by", "chelating", "cations", "that", "stabilize", "lipopolysaccharide", "(", "LPS", ")", "and", "the", "outer", "membrane", "(", "OM", ")", ".", "DNA", "-", "mediated", "killing", "occurred", "within", "minutes", ",", "as", "a", "result", "of", "perturbation", "of", "both", "the", "outer", "and", "inner", "membrane", "(", "IM", ")", "and", "the", "release", "of", "cytoplasmic", "contents", ",", "including", "genomic", "DNA", ".", "Sub", "-", "inhibitory", "concentrations", "of", "DNA", "created", "a", "cation", "-", "limited", "environment", "that", "resulted", "in", "induction", "of", "the", "PhoPQ-", "and", "PmrAB", "-", "regulated", "cationic", "antimicrobial", "peptide", "resistance", "operon", "PA3552-PA3559", "in", "P.", "aeruginosa", ".", "Furthermore", ",", "DNA", "-", "induced", "expression", "of", "this", "operon", "resulted", "in", "up", "to", "2560-fold", "increased", "resistance", "to", "cationic", "antimicrobial", "peptides", "and", "640-fold", "increased", "resistance", "to", "aminoglycosides", ",", "but", "had", "no", "effect", "on", "beta", "-", "lactam", "and", "fluoroquinolone", "resistance", ".", "Thus", ",", "the", "presence", "of", "extracellular", "DNA", "in", "the", "biofilm", "matrix", "contributes", "to", "cation", "gradients", ",", "genomic", "DNA", "release", "and", "inducible", "antibiotic", "resistance", ".", "DNA", "-", "rich", "environments", ",", "including", "biofilms", "and", "other", "infection", "sites", "like", "the", "CF", "lung", ",", "are", "likely", "the", "in", "vivo", "environments", "where", "extracellular", "pathogens", "such", "as", "P.", "aeruginosa", "encounter", "cation", "limitation", ".", "\n" ]	[ "Organism", "Chemical", "Regulon-operon", "Protein", "Two-component-system" ]
alpha1-adrenoceptors is a GENE-N	10381812_task0	Sentence: Expression of multiple alpha1-adrenoceptors on vascular smooth muscle: correlation with the regulation of contraction. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: GENE-N	[ "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Expression of multiple alpha1-adrenoceptors on vascular smooth muscle: correlation with the regulation of contraction.	[ "Expression", "of", "multiple", "alpha1-adrenoceptors", "on", "vascular", "smooth", "muscle", ":", "correlation", "with", "the", "regulation", "of", "contraction", "." ]	[ "GENE-N", "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL" ]
alpha1-adrenoceptors is a GENE-N	10381812_task1	Sentence: Expression of multiple alpha1-adrenoceptors on vascular smooth muscle: correlation with the regulation of contraction. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: alpha1-adrenoceptors Options: GENE-N	[ "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Expression of multiple alpha1-adrenoceptors on vascular smooth muscle: correlation with the regulation of contraction.	[ "Expression", "of", "multiple", "alpha1-adrenoceptors", "on", "vascular", "smooth", "muscle", ":", "correlation", "with", "the", "regulation", "of", "contraction", "." ]	[ "GENE-N", "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL" ]
alpha1-adrenoceptors	10381812_task2	Sentence: Expression of multiple alpha1-adrenoceptors on vascular smooth muscle: correlation with the regulation of contraction. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Expression of multiple alpha1-adrenoceptors on vascular smooth muscle: correlation with the regulation of contraction.	[ "Expression", "of", "multiple", "alpha1-adrenoceptors", "on", "vascular", "smooth", "muscle", ":", "correlation", "with", "the", "regulation", "of", "contraction", "." ]	[ "GENE-N", "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL" ]
metatarsal is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, feet is an umlsterm, procedure is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, feet is an umlsterm, review is an umlsterm, date is an umlsterm, operations is an umlsterm, questionnaires is an umlsterm, period is an umlsterm, the changes is an umlsterm, x - rays is an umlsterm, feet is an umlsterm, operations is an umlsterm, feet is an umlsterm, hypertrophy is an umlsterm, joints is an umlsterm, dislocation is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, operations is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, ability is an umlsterm, distances is an umlsterm, criteria is an umlsterm, operation is an umlsterm, pain is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, metatarsal is an umlsterm, head - resection is an umlsterm, method is an umlsterm, forefoot is an umlsterm, deformities is an umlsterm, rheumatoid arthritis is an umlsterm	ZfuerRheumatologie.00590101.eng.abstr_task0	Sentence: Between January 1983 and December 1987 , metatarsal head-resections were performed on 203 patients , comprising a total of 370 feet , using the Hueter/Mayo and Hoffmann procedure . Seventy-two patients , comprising a total of 126 feet , were available for post-operative review after an average of 11.4 years from the date of the original operations . The information obtained from standardized questionnaires was compared to the information found in each patient's file . In addition , every available pre- and post-operative x-ray taken from 1983 to 1987 was analyzed . Thus , with an average follow-up period of 5.6 years , the changes found in the pre- and post-operative x-rays from a total of 183 feet could be compared . Before the operations , nearly 100% of the examined feet suffered from painful synovial hypertrophy and erosion of the metatarsophalangeal joints with dislocation and subluxation , causing approximately 70% of all patients to have great difficulties in walking . After the operations , however , 90.2% of the patients reported that this condition had noticeably improved or had completely disappeared . In fact , 87.5% of all patients reported a lasting improvement in their ability to walk longer distances . As the main criteria in determining the success of an operation ( namely , the noticeable reduction of pain and increased mobility ) were achieved in 87.5% of the patients , we consider the metatarsal head-resection a reliable method of correcting forefoot deformities in rheumatoid arthritis . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O" ]	Between January 1983 and December 1987 , metatarsal head-resections were performed on 203 patients , comprising a total of 370 feet , using the Hueter/Mayo and Hoffmann procedure . Seventy-two patients , comprising a total of 126 feet , were available for post-operative review after an average of 11.4 years from the date of the original operations . The information obtained from standardized questionnaires was compared to the information found in each patient's file . In addition , every available pre- and post-operative x-ray taken from 1983 to 1987 was analyzed . Thus , with an average follow-up period of 5.6 years , the changes found in the pre- and post-operative x-rays from a total of 183 feet could be compared . Before the operations , nearly 100% of the examined feet suffered from painful synovial hypertrophy and erosion of the metatarsophalangeal joints with dislocation and subluxation , causing approximately 70% of all patients to have great difficulties in walking . After the operations , however , 90.2% of the patients reported that this condition had noticeably improved or had completely disappeared . In fact , 87.5% of all patients reported a lasting improvement in their ability to walk longer distances . As the main criteria in determining the success of an operation ( namely , the noticeable reduction of pain and increased mobility ) were achieved in 87.5% of the patients , we consider the metatarsal head-resection a reliable method of correcting forefoot deformities in rheumatoid arthritis .	[ "Between", "January", "1983", "and", "December", "1987", ",", "metatarsal", "head", "-", "resections", "were", "performed", "on", "203", "patients", ",", "comprising", "a", "total", "of", "370", "feet", ",", "using", "the", "Hueter", "/", "Mayo", "and", "Hoffmann", "procedure", ".", "Seventy", "-", "two", "patients", ",", "comprising", "a", "total", "of", "126", "feet", ",", "were", "available", "for", "post", "-", "operative", "review", "after", "an", "average", "of", "11.4", "years", "from", "the", "date", "of", "the", "original", "operations", ".", "The", "information", "obtained", "from", "standardized", "questionnaires", "was", "compared", "to", "the", "information", "found", "in", "each", "patient", "'s", "file", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "every", "available", "pre-", "and", "post", "-", "operative", "x", "-", "ray", "taken", "from", "1983", "to", "1987", "was", "analyzed", ".", "Thus", ",", "with", "an", "average", "follow", "-", "up", "period", "of", "5.6", "years", ",", "the", "changes", "found", "in", "the", "pre-", "and", "post", "-", "operative", "x", "-", "rays", "from", "a", "total", "of", "183", "feet", "could", "be", "compared", ".", "Before", "the", "operations", ",", "nearly", "100", "%", "of", "the", "examined", "feet", "suffered", "from", "painful", "synovial", "hypertrophy", "and", "erosion", "of", "the", "metatarsophalangeal", "joints", "with", "dislocation", "and", "subluxation", ",", "causing", "approximately", "70", "%", "of", "all", "patients", "to", "have", "great", "difficulties", "in", "walking", ".", "After", "the", "operations", ",", "however", ",", "90.2", "%", "of", "the", "patients", "reported", "that", "this", "condition", "had", "noticeably", "improved", "or", "had", "completely", "disappeared", ".", "In", "fact", ",", "87.5", "%", "of", "all", "patients", "reported", "a", "lasting", "improvement", "in", "their", "ability", "to", "walk", "longer", "distances", ".", "As", "the", "main", "criteria", "in", "determining", "the", "success", "of", "an", "operation", "(", "namely", ",", "the", "noticeable", "reduction", "of", "pain", "and", "increased", "mobility", ")", "were", "achieved", "in", "87.5", "%", "of", "the", "patients", ",", "we", "consider", "the", "metatarsal", "head", "-", "resection", "a", "reliable", "method", "of", "correcting", "forefoot", "deformities", "in", "rheumatoid", "arthritis", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
metatarsal is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, feet is an umlsterm, procedure is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, feet is an umlsterm, review is an umlsterm, date is an umlsterm, operations is an umlsterm, questionnaires is an umlsterm, period is an umlsterm, the changes is an umlsterm, x - rays is an umlsterm, feet is an umlsterm, operations is an umlsterm, feet is an umlsterm, hypertrophy is an umlsterm, joints is an umlsterm, dislocation is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, operations is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, ability is an umlsterm, distances is an umlsterm, criteria is an umlsterm, operation is an umlsterm, pain is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, metatarsal is an umlsterm, head - resection is an umlsterm, method is an umlsterm, forefoot is an umlsterm, deformities is an umlsterm, rheumatoid arthritis is an umlsterm	ZfuerRheumatologie.00590101.eng.abstr_task1	Sentence: Between January 1983 and December 1987 , metatarsal head-resections were performed on 203 patients , comprising a total of 370 feet , using the Hueter/Mayo and Hoffmann procedure . Seventy-two patients , comprising a total of 126 feet , were available for post-operative review after an average of 11.4 years from the date of the original operations . The information obtained from standardized questionnaires was compared to the information found in each patient's file . In addition , every available pre- and post-operative x-ray taken from 1983 to 1987 was analyzed . Thus , with an average follow-up period of 5.6 years , the changes found in the pre- and post-operative x-rays from a total of 183 feet could be compared . Before the operations , nearly 100% of the examined feet suffered from painful synovial hypertrophy and erosion of the metatarsophalangeal joints with dislocation and subluxation , causing approximately 70% of all patients to have great difficulties in walking . After the operations , however , 90.2% of the patients reported that this condition had noticeably improved or had completely disappeared . In fact , 87.5% of all patients reported a lasting improvement in their ability to walk longer distances . As the main criteria in determining the success of an operation ( namely , the noticeable reduction of pain and increased mobility ) were achieved in 87.5% of the patients , we consider the metatarsal head-resection a reliable method of correcting forefoot deformities in rheumatoid arthritis . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: metatarsal, patients, feet, procedure, patients, feet, review, date, operations, questionnaires, period, the changes, x - rays, feet, operations, feet, hypertrophy, joints, dislocation, patients, operations, patients, patients, ability, distances, criteria, operation, pain, patients, metatarsal, head - resection, method, forefoot, deformities, rheumatoid arthritis Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O" ]	Between January 1983 and December 1987 , metatarsal head-resections were performed on 203 patients , comprising a total of 370 feet , using the Hueter/Mayo and Hoffmann procedure . Seventy-two patients , comprising a total of 126 feet , were available for post-operative review after an average of 11.4 years from the date of the original operations . The information obtained from standardized questionnaires was compared to the information found in each patient's file . In addition , every available pre- and post-operative x-ray taken from 1983 to 1987 was analyzed . Thus , with an average follow-up period of 5.6 years , the changes found in the pre- and post-operative x-rays from a total of 183 feet could be compared . Before the operations , nearly 100% of the examined feet suffered from painful synovial hypertrophy and erosion of the metatarsophalangeal joints with dislocation and subluxation , causing approximately 70% of all patients to have great difficulties in walking . After the operations , however , 90.2% of the patients reported that this condition had noticeably improved or had completely disappeared . In fact , 87.5% of all patients reported a lasting improvement in their ability to walk longer distances . As the main criteria in determining the success of an operation ( namely , the noticeable reduction of pain and increased mobility ) were achieved in 87.5% of the patients , we consider the metatarsal head-resection a reliable method of correcting forefoot deformities in rheumatoid arthritis .	[ "Between", "January", "1983", "and", "December", "1987", ",", "metatarsal", "head", "-", "resections", "were", "performed", "on", "203", "patients", ",", "comprising", "a", "total", "of", "370", "feet", ",", "using", "the", "Hueter", "/", "Mayo", "and", "Hoffmann", "procedure", ".", "Seventy", "-", "two", "patients", ",", "comprising", "a", "total", "of", "126", "feet", ",", "were", "available", "for", "post", "-", "operative", "review", "after", "an", "average", "of", "11.4", "years", "from", "the", "date", "of", "the", "original", "operations", ".", "The", "information", "obtained", "from", "standardized", "questionnaires", "was", "compared", "to", "the", "information", "found", "in", "each", "patient", "'s", "file", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "every", "available", "pre-", "and", "post", "-", "operative", "x", "-", "ray", "taken", "from", "1983", "to", "1987", "was", "analyzed", ".", "Thus", ",", "with", "an", "average", "follow", "-", "up", "period", "of", "5.6", "years", ",", "the", "changes", "found", "in", "the", "pre-", "and", "post", "-", "operative", "x", "-", "rays", "from", "a", "total", "of", "183", "feet", "could", "be", "compared", ".", "Before", "the", "operations", ",", "nearly", "100", "%", "of", "the", "examined", "feet", "suffered", "from", "painful", "synovial", "hypertrophy", "and", "erosion", "of", "the", "metatarsophalangeal", "joints", "with", "dislocation", "and", "subluxation", ",", "causing", "approximately", "70", "%", "of", "all", "patients", "to", "have", "great", "difficulties", "in", "walking", ".", "After", "the", "operations", ",", "however", ",", "90.2", "%", "of", "the", "patients", "reported", "that", "this", "condition", "had", "noticeably", "improved", "or", "had", "completely", "disappeared", ".", "In", "fact", ",", "87.5", "%", "of", "all", "patients", "reported", "a", "lasting", "improvement", "in", "their", "ability", "to", "walk", "longer", "distances", ".", "As", "the", "main", "criteria", "in", "determining", "the", "success", "of", "an", "operation", "(", "namely", ",", "the", "noticeable", "reduction", "of", "pain", "and", "increased", "mobility", ")", "were", "achieved", "in", "87.5", "%", "of", "the", "patients", ",", "we", "consider", "the", "metatarsal", "head", "-", "resection", "a", "reliable", "method", "of", "correcting", "forefoot", "deformities", "in", "rheumatoid", "arthritis", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
metatarsal, patients, feet, procedure, patients, feet, review, date, operations, questionnaires, period, the changes, x - rays, feet, operations, feet, hypertrophy, joints, dislocation, patients, operations, patients, patients, ability, distances, criteria, operation, pain, patients, metatarsal, head - resection, method, forefoot, deformities, rheumatoid arthritis	ZfuerRheumatologie.00590101.eng.abstr_task2	Sentence: Between January 1983 and December 1987 , metatarsal head-resections were performed on 203 patients , comprising a total of 370 feet , using the Hueter/Mayo and Hoffmann procedure . Seventy-two patients , comprising a total of 126 feet , were available for post-operative review after an average of 11.4 years from the date of the original operations . The information obtained from standardized questionnaires was compared to the information found in each patient's file . In addition , every available pre- and post-operative x-ray taken from 1983 to 1987 was analyzed . Thus , with an average follow-up period of 5.6 years , the changes found in the pre- and post-operative x-rays from a total of 183 feet could be compared . Before the operations , nearly 100% of the examined feet suffered from painful synovial hypertrophy and erosion of the metatarsophalangeal joints with dislocation and subluxation , causing approximately 70% of all patients to have great difficulties in walking . After the operations , however , 90.2% of the patients reported that this condition had noticeably improved or had completely disappeared . In fact , 87.5% of all patients reported a lasting improvement in their ability to walk longer distances . As the main criteria in determining the success of an operation ( namely , the noticeable reduction of pain and increased mobility ) were achieved in 87.5% of the patients , we consider the metatarsal head-resection a reliable method of correcting forefoot deformities in rheumatoid arthritis . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O" ]	Between January 1983 and December 1987 , metatarsal head-resections were performed on 203 patients , comprising a total of 370 feet , using the Hueter/Mayo and Hoffmann procedure . Seventy-two patients , comprising a total of 126 feet , were available for post-operative review after an average of 11.4 years from the date of the original operations . The information obtained from standardized questionnaires was compared to the information found in each patient's file . In addition , every available pre- and post-operative x-ray taken from 1983 to 1987 was analyzed . Thus , with an average follow-up period of 5.6 years , the changes found in the pre- and post-operative x-rays from a total of 183 feet could be compared . Before the operations , nearly 100% of the examined feet suffered from painful synovial hypertrophy and erosion of the metatarsophalangeal joints with dislocation and subluxation , causing approximately 70% of all patients to have great difficulties in walking . After the operations , however , 90.2% of the patients reported that this condition had noticeably improved or had completely disappeared . In fact , 87.5% of all patients reported a lasting improvement in their ability to walk longer distances . As the main criteria in determining the success of an operation ( namely , the noticeable reduction of pain and increased mobility ) were achieved in 87.5% of the patients , we consider the metatarsal head-resection a reliable method of correcting forefoot deformities in rheumatoid arthritis .	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integrins alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 is a GENE-N, ceramide is a CHEMICAL	15705795_task0	Sentence: Endothelial apoptosis induced by inhibition of integrins alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 involves ceramide metabolic pathways. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: GENE-N, CHEMICAL	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O" ]	Endothelial apoptosis induced by inhibition of integrins alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 involves ceramide metabolic pathways.	[ "Endothelial", "apoptosis", "induced", "by", "inhibition", "of", "integrins", "alphavbeta3", "and", "alphavbeta5", "involves", "ceramide", "metabolic", "pathways", "." ]	[ "GENE-N", "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL" ]
integrins alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 is a GENE-N, ceramide is a CHEMICAL	15705795_task1	Sentence: Endothelial apoptosis induced by inhibition of integrins alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 involves ceramide metabolic pathways. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: integrins alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5, ceramide Options: GENE-N, CHEMICAL	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O" ]	Endothelial apoptosis induced by inhibition of integrins alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 involves ceramide metabolic pathways.	[ "Endothelial", "apoptosis", "induced", "by", "inhibition", "of", "integrins", "alphavbeta3", "and", "alphavbeta5", "involves", "ceramide", "metabolic", "pathways", "." ]	[ "GENE-N", "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL" ]
integrins alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5, ceramide	15705795_task2	Sentence: Endothelial apoptosis induced by inhibition of integrins alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 involves ceramide metabolic pathways. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O" ]	Endothelial apoptosis induced by inhibition of integrins alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 involves ceramide metabolic pathways.	[ "Endothelial", "apoptosis", "induced", "by", "inhibition", "of", "integrins", "alphavbeta3", "and", "alphavbeta5", "involves", "ceramide", "metabolic", "pathways", "." ]	[ "GENE-N", "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL" ]
Verletzung is an umlsterm, alten Menschen is an umlsterm, Maenner is an umlsterm, Frauen is an umlsterm, alten Menschen is an umlsterm, Halswirbelsaeule is an umlsterm, Brust- is an umlsterm, Lendenwirbelsaeule is an umlsterm, Kompressionsfrakturen is an umlsterm, Halswirbelsaeulenverletzung is an umlsterm, alten Menschen is an umlsterm, Axis is an umlsterm, Wirbelsaeule is an umlsterm, Therapiemoeglichkeiten is an umlsterm, III - Verletzungen is an umlsterm, Behandlung is an umlsterm, Frakturen is an umlsterm, alten Menschen is an umlsterm, Risikofaktoren is an umlsterm, Pseudarthrose is an umlsterm, alten Menschen is an umlsterm, Kontraindikationen is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Krankengut is an umlsterm, weiblichen is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Maenner is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Fraktur is an umlsterm, Falschgelenks is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Frakturen is an umlsterm, Osteoporose is an umlsterm, Verletzungen is an umlsterm, Diagnostik is an umlsterm, Zusatzverletzungen is an umlsterm, Kompressionsfrakturen is an umlsterm, Wirbelsaeule is an umlsterm, Gesellschaft is an umlsterm, Frakturen is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Verletzungen is an umlsterm, Wirbelsaeule is an umlsterm, Krankengut is an umlsterm, alten Menschen is an umlsterm	DerOrthopaede.00290302.ger.abstr_task0	Sentence: Wirbelbrueche nach Bagatelltraumata sind eine haeufige Verletzung des alten Menschen . Bis etwa 55 Jahre sind Maenner haeufiger als Frauen von Wirbelbruechen betroffen , im hoeheren Alter trifft das Gegenteil zu . Dabei sind beim alten Menschen typischerweise die obere Halswirbelsaeule mit Densfrakturen und die Brust- und Lendenwirbelsaeule mit Kompressionsfrakturen betroffen . Densfrakturen sind mit Abstand die haeufigste Halswirbelsaeulenverletzung beim alten Menschen . Gruende dafuer sind die Mikroarchitektur des Axis und eine groessere Steifigkeit der Wirbelsaeule im Alter . Es handelt sich meist um instabile Typ II-Densfrakturen als Extensionsverletzung , deren Instabilitaetsgrad haeufig erst durch eine Funktionsuntersuchung unter Bildwandlerkontrolle bestimmt werden kann . Konservative Therapiemoeglichkeiten beschraenken sich auf stabile Typ III-Verletzungen . Die Behandlung instabiler Frakturen im Halo-Fixateur ist gerade beim alten Menschen mit zahlreichen Risikofaktoren fuer die Entstehung einer Pseudarthrose verbunden und daher u. E. nicht zu empfehlen . Das operative Verfahren der Wahl ist auch beim alten Menschen die ventrale Zugschraubenosteosynthese . Liegen Kontraindikationen vor , bei nicht ausreichendem Schraubenhalt von ventral oder fruehzeitigem Ausbrechen der Schrauben kommt nur eine dorsale Fusion C1/C2, am besten mit transartikulaerer Verschraubung , in Frage . 102 Patienten mit Densverschraubung aus dem eigenen Krankengut ( 1981-1997 ) waren durchschnittlich 54 Jahre alt , die weiblichen Patienten lagen mit einem durchschnittlichen Alter von 64 Jahren 16 Jahre ueber dem der Maenner . 74 Patienten konnten persoenlich nachuntersucht werden , bei 61 von ihnen war die Fraktur verheilt . 11-mal waren zweizeitig dorsale Fusionen notwendig geworden , 2 straffe Pseudarthrosen wurden belassen . Die Entstehung eines Falschgelenks korrelierte nicht mit dem Lebensalter . Bei 3 Patienten musste ein fruehzeitiger Verfahrenswechsel wenige Tage nach dem Ersteingriff wegen eines Ausbruch der Schrauben vorgenommen werden . 2 von ihnen waren 89 und 91 Jahre alt . Thorakolumbale Frakturen bei Osteoporose werden wegen geringer Symptomatik haeufig nicht erkannt . Die Abgrenzung frischer Verletzungen zu veralteten Laesionen und tumoroesen Veraenderungen ist manchmal nur mit einer erweiterten Diagnostik moeglich . Neurologische Zusatzverletzungen kommen nur gelegentlich vor . Entsprechend selten sind bei Kompressionsfrakturen ( Typ A ) Operationsindikationen zu stellen . In einer Sammelstudie der AG Wirbelsaeule der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuer Unfallchirurgie mit 682 operierten Frakturen des thorakolumbalen Uebergangs waren 9 % der Patienten ueber 60 Jahre und 2 % ueber 70 Jahre alt . Bei 285 Patienten mit Verletzungen der gesamten thorakolumbalen Wirbelsaeule aus dem eigenen Krankengut ( 9/1994-5/1999 ) waren lediglich 11 aelter als 65 Jahre . Instabile Typ B- und C-Laesionen beduerfen dagegen auch beim alten Menschen einer operativen Stabilisierung . Bisegmentale dorsale Instrumentierungen ohne Abstuetzung der gebrochenen vorderen Saeule fuehren in der Regel zu einem vollstaendigen Korrekturverlust und sollten zugunsten laengerstreckiger Stabilisierungen mit Wirbelkoerperersatz vermieden werden . 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Bis etwa 55 Jahre sind Maenner haeufiger als Frauen von Wirbelbruechen betroffen , im hoeheren Alter trifft das Gegenteil zu . Dabei sind beim alten Menschen typischerweise die obere Halswirbelsaeule mit Densfrakturen und die Brust- und Lendenwirbelsaeule mit Kompressionsfrakturen betroffen . Densfrakturen sind mit Abstand die haeufigste Halswirbelsaeulenverletzung beim alten Menschen . Gruende dafuer sind die Mikroarchitektur des Axis und eine groessere Steifigkeit der Wirbelsaeule im Alter . Es handelt sich meist um instabile Typ II-Densfrakturen als Extensionsverletzung , deren Instabilitaetsgrad haeufig erst durch eine Funktionsuntersuchung unter Bildwandlerkontrolle bestimmt werden kann . Konservative Therapiemoeglichkeiten beschraenken sich auf stabile Typ III-Verletzungen . Die Behandlung instabiler Frakturen im Halo-Fixateur ist gerade beim alten Menschen mit zahlreichen Risikofaktoren fuer die Entstehung einer Pseudarthrose verbunden und daher u. E. nicht zu empfehlen . Das operative Verfahren der Wahl ist auch beim alten Menschen die ventrale Zugschraubenosteosynthese . Liegen Kontraindikationen vor , bei nicht ausreichendem Schraubenhalt von ventral oder fruehzeitigem Ausbrechen der Schrauben kommt nur eine dorsale Fusion C1/C2, am besten mit transartikulaerer Verschraubung , in Frage . 102 Patienten mit Densverschraubung aus dem eigenen Krankengut ( 1981-1997 ) waren durchschnittlich 54 Jahre alt , die weiblichen Patienten lagen mit einem durchschnittlichen Alter von 64 Jahren 16 Jahre ueber dem der Maenner . 74 Patienten konnten persoenlich nachuntersucht werden , bei 61 von ihnen war die Fraktur verheilt . 11-mal waren zweizeitig dorsale Fusionen notwendig geworden , 2 straffe Pseudarthrosen wurden belassen . Die Entstehung eines Falschgelenks korrelierte nicht mit dem Lebensalter . Bei 3 Patienten musste ein fruehzeitiger Verfahrenswechsel wenige Tage nach dem Ersteingriff wegen eines Ausbruch der Schrauben vorgenommen werden . 2 von ihnen waren 89 und 91 Jahre alt . Thorakolumbale Frakturen bei Osteoporose werden wegen geringer Symptomatik haeufig nicht erkannt . Die Abgrenzung frischer Verletzungen zu veralteten Laesionen und tumoroesen Veraenderungen ist manchmal nur mit einer erweiterten Diagnostik moeglich . Neurologische Zusatzverletzungen kommen nur gelegentlich vor . Entsprechend selten sind bei Kompressionsfrakturen ( Typ A ) Operationsindikationen zu stellen . In einer Sammelstudie der AG Wirbelsaeule der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuer Unfallchirurgie mit 682 operierten Frakturen des thorakolumbalen Uebergangs waren 9 % der Patienten ueber 60 Jahre und 2 % ueber 70 Jahre alt . Bei 285 Patienten mit Verletzungen der gesamten thorakolumbalen Wirbelsaeule aus dem eigenen Krankengut ( 9/1994-5/1999 ) waren lediglich 11 aelter als 65 Jahre . Instabile Typ B- und C-Laesionen beduerfen dagegen auch beim alten Menschen einer operativen Stabilisierung . Bisegmentale dorsale Instrumentierungen ohne Abstuetzung der gebrochenen vorderen Saeule fuehren in der Regel zu einem vollstaendigen Korrekturverlust und sollten zugunsten laengerstreckiger Stabilisierungen mit Wirbelkoerperersatz vermieden werden .	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Verletzung is an umlsterm, alten Menschen is an umlsterm, Maenner is an umlsterm, Frauen is an umlsterm, alten Menschen is an umlsterm, Halswirbelsaeule is an umlsterm, Brust- is an umlsterm, Lendenwirbelsaeule is an umlsterm, Kompressionsfrakturen is an umlsterm, Halswirbelsaeulenverletzung is an umlsterm, alten Menschen is an umlsterm, Axis is an umlsterm, Wirbelsaeule is an umlsterm, Therapiemoeglichkeiten is an umlsterm, III - Verletzungen is an umlsterm, Behandlung is an umlsterm, Frakturen is an umlsterm, alten Menschen is an umlsterm, Risikofaktoren is an umlsterm, Pseudarthrose is an umlsterm, alten Menschen is an umlsterm, Kontraindikationen is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Krankengut is an umlsterm, weiblichen is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Maenner is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Fraktur is an umlsterm, Falschgelenks is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Frakturen is an umlsterm, Osteoporose is an umlsterm, Verletzungen is an umlsterm, Diagnostik is an umlsterm, Zusatzverletzungen is an umlsterm, Kompressionsfrakturen is an umlsterm, Wirbelsaeule is an umlsterm, Gesellschaft is an umlsterm, Frakturen is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Verletzungen is an umlsterm, Wirbelsaeule is an umlsterm, Krankengut is an umlsterm, alten Menschen is an umlsterm	DerOrthopaede.00290302.ger.abstr_task1	Sentence: Wirbelbrueche nach Bagatelltraumata sind eine haeufige Verletzung des alten Menschen . Bis etwa 55 Jahre sind Maenner haeufiger als Frauen von Wirbelbruechen betroffen , im hoeheren Alter trifft das Gegenteil zu . Dabei sind beim alten Menschen typischerweise die obere Halswirbelsaeule mit Densfrakturen und die Brust- und Lendenwirbelsaeule mit Kompressionsfrakturen betroffen . Densfrakturen sind mit Abstand die haeufigste Halswirbelsaeulenverletzung beim alten Menschen . Gruende dafuer sind die Mikroarchitektur des Axis und eine groessere Steifigkeit der Wirbelsaeule im Alter . Es handelt sich meist um instabile Typ II-Densfrakturen als Extensionsverletzung , deren Instabilitaetsgrad haeufig erst durch eine Funktionsuntersuchung unter Bildwandlerkontrolle bestimmt werden kann . Konservative Therapiemoeglichkeiten beschraenken sich auf stabile Typ III-Verletzungen . Die Behandlung instabiler Frakturen im Halo-Fixateur ist gerade beim alten Menschen mit zahlreichen Risikofaktoren fuer die Entstehung einer Pseudarthrose verbunden und daher u. E. nicht zu empfehlen . Das operative Verfahren der Wahl ist auch beim alten Menschen die ventrale Zugschraubenosteosynthese . Liegen Kontraindikationen vor , bei nicht ausreichendem Schraubenhalt von ventral oder fruehzeitigem Ausbrechen der Schrauben kommt nur eine dorsale Fusion C1/C2, am besten mit transartikulaerer Verschraubung , in Frage . 102 Patienten mit Densverschraubung aus dem eigenen Krankengut ( 1981-1997 ) waren durchschnittlich 54 Jahre alt , die weiblichen Patienten lagen mit einem durchschnittlichen Alter von 64 Jahren 16 Jahre ueber dem der Maenner . 74 Patienten konnten persoenlich nachuntersucht werden , bei 61 von ihnen war die Fraktur verheilt . 11-mal waren zweizeitig dorsale Fusionen notwendig geworden , 2 straffe Pseudarthrosen wurden belassen . Die Entstehung eines Falschgelenks korrelierte nicht mit dem Lebensalter . Bei 3 Patienten musste ein fruehzeitiger Verfahrenswechsel wenige Tage nach dem Ersteingriff wegen eines Ausbruch der Schrauben vorgenommen werden . 2 von ihnen waren 89 und 91 Jahre alt . Thorakolumbale Frakturen bei Osteoporose werden wegen geringer Symptomatik haeufig nicht erkannt . Die Abgrenzung frischer Verletzungen zu veralteten Laesionen und tumoroesen Veraenderungen ist manchmal nur mit einer erweiterten Diagnostik moeglich . Neurologische Zusatzverletzungen kommen nur gelegentlich vor . Entsprechend selten sind bei Kompressionsfrakturen ( Typ A ) Operationsindikationen zu stellen . In einer Sammelstudie der AG Wirbelsaeule der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuer Unfallchirurgie mit 682 operierten Frakturen des thorakolumbalen Uebergangs waren 9 % der Patienten ueber 60 Jahre und 2 % ueber 70 Jahre alt . Bei 285 Patienten mit Verletzungen der gesamten thorakolumbalen Wirbelsaeule aus dem eigenen Krankengut ( 9/1994-5/1999 ) waren lediglich 11 aelter als 65 Jahre . Instabile Typ B- und C-Laesionen beduerfen dagegen auch beim alten Menschen einer operativen Stabilisierung . Bisegmentale dorsale Instrumentierungen ohne Abstuetzung der gebrochenen vorderen Saeule fuehren in der Regel zu einem vollstaendigen Korrekturverlust und sollten zugunsten laengerstreckiger Stabilisierungen mit Wirbelkoerperersatz vermieden werden . 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Bis etwa 55 Jahre sind Maenner haeufiger als Frauen von Wirbelbruechen betroffen , im hoeheren Alter trifft das Gegenteil zu . Dabei sind beim alten Menschen typischerweise die obere Halswirbelsaeule mit Densfrakturen und die Brust- und Lendenwirbelsaeule mit Kompressionsfrakturen betroffen . Densfrakturen sind mit Abstand die haeufigste Halswirbelsaeulenverletzung beim alten Menschen . Gruende dafuer sind die Mikroarchitektur des Axis und eine groessere Steifigkeit der Wirbelsaeule im Alter . Es handelt sich meist um instabile Typ II-Densfrakturen als Extensionsverletzung , deren Instabilitaetsgrad haeufig erst durch eine Funktionsuntersuchung unter Bildwandlerkontrolle bestimmt werden kann . Konservative Therapiemoeglichkeiten beschraenken sich auf stabile Typ III-Verletzungen . Die Behandlung instabiler Frakturen im Halo-Fixateur ist gerade beim alten Menschen mit zahlreichen Risikofaktoren fuer die Entstehung einer Pseudarthrose verbunden und daher u. E. nicht zu empfehlen . Das operative Verfahren der Wahl ist auch beim alten Menschen die ventrale Zugschraubenosteosynthese . Liegen Kontraindikationen vor , bei nicht ausreichendem Schraubenhalt von ventral oder fruehzeitigem Ausbrechen der Schrauben kommt nur eine dorsale Fusion C1/C2, am besten mit transartikulaerer Verschraubung , in Frage . 102 Patienten mit Densverschraubung aus dem eigenen Krankengut ( 1981-1997 ) waren durchschnittlich 54 Jahre alt , die weiblichen Patienten lagen mit einem durchschnittlichen Alter von 64 Jahren 16 Jahre ueber dem der Maenner . 74 Patienten konnten persoenlich nachuntersucht werden , bei 61 von ihnen war die Fraktur verheilt . 11-mal waren zweizeitig dorsale Fusionen notwendig geworden , 2 straffe Pseudarthrosen wurden belassen . Die Entstehung eines Falschgelenks korrelierte nicht mit dem Lebensalter . Bei 3 Patienten musste ein fruehzeitiger Verfahrenswechsel wenige Tage nach dem Ersteingriff wegen eines Ausbruch der Schrauben vorgenommen werden . 2 von ihnen waren 89 und 91 Jahre alt . Thorakolumbale Frakturen bei Osteoporose werden wegen geringer Symptomatik haeufig nicht erkannt . Die Abgrenzung frischer Verletzungen zu veralteten Laesionen und tumoroesen Veraenderungen ist manchmal nur mit einer erweiterten Diagnostik moeglich . Neurologische Zusatzverletzungen kommen nur gelegentlich vor . Entsprechend selten sind bei Kompressionsfrakturen ( Typ A ) Operationsindikationen zu stellen . In einer Sammelstudie der AG Wirbelsaeule der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuer Unfallchirurgie mit 682 operierten Frakturen des thorakolumbalen Uebergangs waren 9 % der Patienten ueber 60 Jahre und 2 % ueber 70 Jahre alt . Bei 285 Patienten mit Verletzungen der gesamten thorakolumbalen Wirbelsaeule aus dem eigenen Krankengut ( 9/1994-5/1999 ) waren lediglich 11 aelter als 65 Jahre . Instabile Typ B- und C-Laesionen beduerfen dagegen auch beim alten Menschen einer operativen Stabilisierung . Bisegmentale dorsale Instrumentierungen ohne Abstuetzung der gebrochenen vorderen Saeule fuehren in der Regel zu einem vollstaendigen Korrekturverlust und sollten zugunsten laengerstreckiger Stabilisierungen mit Wirbelkoerperersatz vermieden werden .	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Verletzung, alten Menschen, Maenner, Frauen, alten Menschen, Halswirbelsaeule, Brust-, Lendenwirbelsaeule, Kompressionsfrakturen, Halswirbelsaeulenverletzung, alten Menschen, Axis, Wirbelsaeule, Therapiemoeglichkeiten, III - Verletzungen, Behandlung, Frakturen, alten Menschen, Risikofaktoren, Pseudarthrose, alten Menschen, Kontraindikationen, Patienten, Krankengut, weiblichen, Patienten, Maenner, Patienten, Fraktur, Falschgelenks, Patienten, Frakturen, Osteoporose, Verletzungen, Diagnostik, Zusatzverletzungen, Kompressionsfrakturen, Wirbelsaeule, Gesellschaft, Frakturen, Patienten, Patienten, Verletzungen, Wirbelsaeule, Krankengut, alten Menschen	DerOrthopaede.00290302.ger.abstr_task2	Sentence: Wirbelbrueche nach Bagatelltraumata sind eine haeufige Verletzung des alten Menschen . Bis etwa 55 Jahre sind Maenner haeufiger als Frauen von Wirbelbruechen betroffen , im hoeheren Alter trifft das Gegenteil zu . Dabei sind beim alten Menschen typischerweise die obere Halswirbelsaeule mit Densfrakturen und die Brust- und Lendenwirbelsaeule mit Kompressionsfrakturen betroffen . Densfrakturen sind mit Abstand die haeufigste Halswirbelsaeulenverletzung beim alten Menschen . Gruende dafuer sind die Mikroarchitektur des Axis und eine groessere Steifigkeit der Wirbelsaeule im Alter . Es handelt sich meist um instabile Typ II-Densfrakturen als Extensionsverletzung , deren Instabilitaetsgrad haeufig erst durch eine Funktionsuntersuchung unter Bildwandlerkontrolle bestimmt werden kann . Konservative Therapiemoeglichkeiten beschraenken sich auf stabile Typ III-Verletzungen . Die Behandlung instabiler Frakturen im Halo-Fixateur ist gerade beim alten Menschen mit zahlreichen Risikofaktoren fuer die Entstehung einer Pseudarthrose verbunden und daher u. E. nicht zu empfehlen . Das operative Verfahren der Wahl ist auch beim alten Menschen die ventrale Zugschraubenosteosynthese . Liegen Kontraindikationen vor , bei nicht ausreichendem Schraubenhalt von ventral oder fruehzeitigem Ausbrechen der Schrauben kommt nur eine dorsale Fusion C1/C2, am besten mit transartikulaerer Verschraubung , in Frage . 102 Patienten mit Densverschraubung aus dem eigenen Krankengut ( 1981-1997 ) waren durchschnittlich 54 Jahre alt , die weiblichen Patienten lagen mit einem durchschnittlichen Alter von 64 Jahren 16 Jahre ueber dem der Maenner . 74 Patienten konnten persoenlich nachuntersucht werden , bei 61 von ihnen war die Fraktur verheilt . 11-mal waren zweizeitig dorsale Fusionen notwendig geworden , 2 straffe Pseudarthrosen wurden belassen . Die Entstehung eines Falschgelenks korrelierte nicht mit dem Lebensalter . Bei 3 Patienten musste ein fruehzeitiger Verfahrenswechsel wenige Tage nach dem Ersteingriff wegen eines Ausbruch der Schrauben vorgenommen werden . 2 von ihnen waren 89 und 91 Jahre alt . Thorakolumbale Frakturen bei Osteoporose werden wegen geringer Symptomatik haeufig nicht erkannt . Die Abgrenzung frischer Verletzungen zu veralteten Laesionen und tumoroesen Veraenderungen ist manchmal nur mit einer erweiterten Diagnostik moeglich . Neurologische Zusatzverletzungen kommen nur gelegentlich vor . Entsprechend selten sind bei Kompressionsfrakturen ( Typ A ) Operationsindikationen zu stellen . In einer Sammelstudie der AG Wirbelsaeule der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuer Unfallchirurgie mit 682 operierten Frakturen des thorakolumbalen Uebergangs waren 9 % der Patienten ueber 60 Jahre und 2 % ueber 70 Jahre alt . Bei 285 Patienten mit Verletzungen der gesamten thorakolumbalen Wirbelsaeule aus dem eigenen Krankengut ( 9/1994-5/1999 ) waren lediglich 11 aelter als 65 Jahre . Instabile Typ B- und C-Laesionen beduerfen dagegen auch beim alten Menschen einer operativen Stabilisierung . Bisegmentale dorsale Instrumentierungen ohne Abstuetzung der gebrochenen vorderen Saeule fuehren in der Regel zu einem vollstaendigen Korrekturverlust und sollten zugunsten laengerstreckiger Stabilisierungen mit Wirbelkoerperersatz vermieden werden . 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Bis etwa 55 Jahre sind Maenner haeufiger als Frauen von Wirbelbruechen betroffen , im hoeheren Alter trifft das Gegenteil zu . Dabei sind beim alten Menschen typischerweise die obere Halswirbelsaeule mit Densfrakturen und die Brust- und Lendenwirbelsaeule mit Kompressionsfrakturen betroffen . Densfrakturen sind mit Abstand die haeufigste Halswirbelsaeulenverletzung beim alten Menschen . Gruende dafuer sind die Mikroarchitektur des Axis und eine groessere Steifigkeit der Wirbelsaeule im Alter . Es handelt sich meist um instabile Typ II-Densfrakturen als Extensionsverletzung , deren Instabilitaetsgrad haeufig erst durch eine Funktionsuntersuchung unter Bildwandlerkontrolle bestimmt werden kann . Konservative Therapiemoeglichkeiten beschraenken sich auf stabile Typ III-Verletzungen . Die Behandlung instabiler Frakturen im Halo-Fixateur ist gerade beim alten Menschen mit zahlreichen Risikofaktoren fuer die Entstehung einer Pseudarthrose verbunden und daher u. E. nicht zu empfehlen . Das operative Verfahren der Wahl ist auch beim alten Menschen die ventrale Zugschraubenosteosynthese . Liegen Kontraindikationen vor , bei nicht ausreichendem Schraubenhalt von ventral oder fruehzeitigem Ausbrechen der Schrauben kommt nur eine dorsale Fusion C1/C2, am besten mit transartikulaerer Verschraubung , in Frage . 102 Patienten mit Densverschraubung aus dem eigenen Krankengut ( 1981-1997 ) waren durchschnittlich 54 Jahre alt , die weiblichen Patienten lagen mit einem durchschnittlichen Alter von 64 Jahren 16 Jahre ueber dem der Maenner . 74 Patienten konnten persoenlich nachuntersucht werden , bei 61 von ihnen war die Fraktur verheilt . 11-mal waren zweizeitig dorsale Fusionen notwendig geworden , 2 straffe Pseudarthrosen wurden belassen . Die Entstehung eines Falschgelenks korrelierte nicht mit dem Lebensalter . Bei 3 Patienten musste ein fruehzeitiger Verfahrenswechsel wenige Tage nach dem Ersteingriff wegen eines Ausbruch der Schrauben vorgenommen werden . 2 von ihnen waren 89 und 91 Jahre alt . Thorakolumbale Frakturen bei Osteoporose werden wegen geringer Symptomatik haeufig nicht erkannt . Die Abgrenzung frischer Verletzungen zu veralteten Laesionen und tumoroesen Veraenderungen ist manchmal nur mit einer erweiterten Diagnostik moeglich . Neurologische Zusatzverletzungen kommen nur gelegentlich vor . Entsprechend selten sind bei Kompressionsfrakturen ( Typ A ) Operationsindikationen zu stellen . In einer Sammelstudie der AG Wirbelsaeule der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuer Unfallchirurgie mit 682 operierten Frakturen des thorakolumbalen Uebergangs waren 9 % der Patienten ueber 60 Jahre und 2 % ueber 70 Jahre alt . Bei 285 Patienten mit Verletzungen der gesamten thorakolumbalen Wirbelsaeule aus dem eigenen Krankengut ( 9/1994-5/1999 ) waren lediglich 11 aelter als 65 Jahre . Instabile Typ B- und C-Laesionen beduerfen dagegen auch beim alten Menschen einer operativen Stabilisierung . Bisegmentale dorsale Instrumentierungen ohne Abstuetzung der gebrochenen vorderen Saeule fuehren in der Regel zu einem vollstaendigen Korrekturverlust und sollten zugunsten laengerstreckiger Stabilisierungen mit Wirbelkoerperersatz vermieden werden .	[ "Wirbelbrueche", "nach", "Bagatelltraumata", "sind", "eine", "haeufige", "Verletzung", "des", "alten", "Menschen", ".", "Bis", "etwa", "55", "Jahre", "sind", "Maenner", "haeufiger", "als", "Frauen", "von", "Wirbelbruechen", "betroffen", ",", "im", "hoeheren", "Alter", "trifft", "das", "Gegenteil", "zu", ".", "Dabei", "sind", "beim", "alten", "Menschen", "typischerweise", "die", "obere", "Halswirbelsaeule", "mit", "Densfrakturen", "und", "die", "Brust-", "und", "Lendenwirbelsaeule", "mit", "Kompressionsfrakturen", "betroffen", ".", "Densfrakturen", "sind", "mit", "Abstand", "die", "haeufigste", "Halswirbelsaeulenverletzung", "beim", "alten", "Menschen", ".", "Gruende", "dafuer", "sind", "die", "Mikroarchitektur", "des", "Axis", "und", "eine", "groessere", "Steifigkeit", "der", "Wirbelsaeule", "im", "Alter", ".", "Es", "handelt", "sich", "meist", "um", "instabile", "Typ", "II", "-", "Densfrakturen", "als", "Extensionsverletzung", ",", "deren", "Instabilitaetsgrad", "haeufig", "erst", "durch", "eine", "Funktionsuntersuchung", "unter", "Bildwandlerkontrolle", "bestimmt", "werden", "kann", ".", "Konservative", "Therapiemoeglichkeiten", "beschraenken", "sich", "auf", "stabile", "Typ", "III", "-", "Verletzungen", ".", "Die", "Behandlung", "instabiler", "Frakturen", "im", "Halo", "-", "Fixateur", "ist", "gerade", "beim", "alten", "Menschen", "mit", "zahlreichen", "Risikofaktoren", "fuer", "die", "Entstehung", "einer", "Pseudarthrose", "verbunden", "und", "daher", "u.", "E.", "nicht", "zu", "empfehlen", ".", "Das", "operative", "Verfahren", "der", "Wahl", "ist", "auch", "beim", "alten", "Menschen", "die", "ventrale", "Zugschraubenosteosynthese", ".", "Liegen", "Kontraindikationen", "vor", ",", "bei", "nicht", "ausreichendem", "Schraubenhalt", "von", "ventral", "oder", "fruehzeitigem", "Ausbrechen", "der", "Schrauben", "kommt", "nur", "eine", "dorsale", "Fusion", "C1", "/", "C2", ",", "am", "besten", "mit", "transartikulaerer", "Verschraubung", ",", "in", "Frage", ".", "102", "Patienten", "mit", "Densverschraubung", "aus", "dem", "eigenen", "Krankengut", "(", "1981", "-", "1997", ")", "waren", "durchschnittlich", "54", "Jahre", "alt", ",", "die", "weiblichen", "Patienten", "lagen", "mit", "einem", "durchschnittlichen", "Alter", "von", "64", "Jahren", "16", "Jahre", "ueber", "dem", "der", "Maenner", ".", "74", "Patienten", "konnten", "persoenlich", "nachuntersucht", "werden", ",", "bei", "61", "von", "ihnen", "war", "die", "Fraktur", "verheilt", ".", "11-mal", "waren", "zweizeitig", "dorsale", "Fusionen", "notwendig", "geworden", ",", "2", "straffe", "Pseudarthrosen", "wurden", "belassen", ".", "Die", "Entstehung", "eines", "Falschgelenks", "korrelierte", "nicht", "mit", "dem", "Lebensalter", ".", "Bei", "3", "Patienten", "musste", "ein", "fruehzeitiger", "Verfahrenswechsel", "wenige", "Tage", "nach", "dem", "Ersteingriff", "wegen", "eines", "Ausbruch", "der", "Schrauben", "vorgenommen", "werden", ".", "2", "von", "ihnen", "waren", "89", "und", "91", "Jahre", "alt", ".", "Thorakolumbale", "Frakturen", "bei", "Osteoporose", "werden", "wegen", "geringer", "Symptomatik", "haeufig", "nicht", "erkannt", ".", "Die", "Abgrenzung", "frischer", "Verletzungen", "zu", "veralteten", "Laesionen", "und", "tumoroesen", "Veraenderungen", "ist", "manchmal", "nur", "mit", "einer", "erweiterten", "Diagnostik", "moeglich", ".", "Neurologische", "Zusatzverletzungen", "kommen", "nur", "gelegentlich", "vor", ".", "Entsprechend", "selten", "sind", "bei", "Kompressionsfrakturen", "(", "Typ", "A", ")", "Operationsindikationen", "zu", "stellen", ".", "In", "einer", "Sammelstudie", "der", "AG", "Wirbelsaeule", "der", "Deutschen", "Gesellschaft", "fuer", "Unfallchirurgie", "mit", "682", "operierten", "Frakturen", "des", "thorakolumbalen", "Uebergangs", "waren", "9", "%", "der", "Patienten", "ueber", "60", "Jahre", "und", "2", "%", "ueber", "70", "Jahre", "alt", ".", "Bei", "285", "Patienten", "mit", "Verletzungen", "der", "gesamten", "thorakolumbalen", "Wirbelsaeule", "aus", "dem", "eigenen", "Krankengut", "(", "9/1994", "-", "5/1999", ")", "waren", "lediglich", "11", "aelter", "als", "65", "Jahre", ".", "Instabile", "Typ", "B-", "und", "C", "-", "Laesionen", "beduerfen", "dagegen", "auch", "beim", "alten", "Menschen", "einer", "operativen", "Stabilisierung", ".", "Bisegmentale", "dorsale", "Instrumentierungen", "ohne", "Abstuetzung", "der", "gebrochenen", "vorderen", "Saeule", "fuehren", "in", "der", "Regel", "zu", "einem", "vollstaendigen", "Korrekturverlust", "und", "sollten", "zugunsten", "laengerstreckiger", "Stabilisierungen", "mit", "Wirbelkoerperersatz", "vermieden", "werden", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Nigella Sativa is a Plant, NS is a Plant, ischemia reperfusion injury is a Disease, ischemia reperfusion injury is a Disease, NS is a Plant, intestinal ischemia - reperfusion injury is a Disease, NS is a Plant, ischemia is a Disease, NS is a Plant, ischemia is a Disease, NS is a Plant, NS is a Plant, intestinal ischemia - reperfusion injury is a Disease	20233001_task0	Sentence: BACKGROUND: In previous studies, it has been demonstrated that Nigella Sativa (NS) has protective effects against ischemia reperfusion injury on various organs. However, its protective effects on intestinal tissue against ischemia reperfusion injury are unclear. We aimed to determine whether NS prevents intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty rats were divided into three groups as sham (group 1), control (group 2), and NS-treatment group (group 3). All rats underwent intestinal ischemia for 60 min followed by a 60-min period of reperfusion. Rats were intraperitoneally infused only 0.9% saline solutions in group 2. Rats in the group 3 received NS (0,2 mL/kg) intraperitoneally, before ischemia and before reperfusion. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), total oxidative status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in ileum tissue were measured. Also, ileum tissue histopathology was evaluated by a light microscope. RESULTS: The levels of liver enzymes in group 3 were significantly lower than those in group 2 (p <.01). TAC and CAT activity levels in ileum tissue were significantly higher in group 3 than in group 2. TOS, OSI, and MPO in ileum tissue were significantly lower in group 3 than group 2 (p <.05 for TOS and MPO; p < .01 for OSI). Histological tissue damage was milder in the NS treatment group than in the control group. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that NS treatment protected the rat's intestinal tissue against intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Disease, Plant	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Plant", "I-Plant", "O", "B-Plant", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Disease", "I-Disease", "I-Disease", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Disease", "I-Disease", "I-Disease", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Plant", "O", "B-Disease", "I-Disease", "I-Disease", "I-Disease", "I-Disease", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Plant", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Disease", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Plant", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Disease", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Plant", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Plant", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Disease", "I-Disease", "I-Disease", "I-Disease", "I-Disease", "O" ]	BACKGROUND: In previous studies, it has been demonstrated that Nigella Sativa (NS) has protective effects against ischemia reperfusion injury on various organs. However, its protective effects on intestinal tissue against ischemia reperfusion injury are unclear. We aimed to determine whether NS prevents intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty rats were divided into three groups as sham (group 1), control (group 2), and NS-treatment group (group 3). All rats underwent intestinal ischemia for 60 min followed by a 60-min period of reperfusion. Rats were intraperitoneally infused only 0.9% saline solutions in group 2. Rats in the group 3 received NS (0,2 mL/kg) intraperitoneally, before ischemia and before reperfusion. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), total oxidative status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in ileum tissue were measured. Also, ileum tissue histopathology was evaluated by a light microscope. RESULTS: The levels of liver enzymes in group 3 were significantly lower than those in group 2 (p <.01). TAC and CAT activity levels in ileum tissue were significantly higher in group 3 than in group 2. TOS, OSI, and MPO in ileum tissue were significantly lower in group 3 than group 2 (p <.05 for TOS and MPO; p < .01 for OSI). Histological tissue damage was milder in the NS treatment group than in the control group. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that NS treatment protected the rat's intestinal tissue against intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury.	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Nigella Sativa is a Plant, NS is a Plant, ischemia reperfusion injury is a Disease, ischemia reperfusion injury is a Disease, NS is a Plant, intestinal ischemia - reperfusion injury is a Disease, NS is a Plant, ischemia is a Disease, NS is a Plant, ischemia is a Disease, NS is a Plant, NS is a Plant, intestinal ischemia - reperfusion injury is a Disease	20233001_task1	Sentence: BACKGROUND: In previous studies, it has been demonstrated that Nigella Sativa (NS) has protective effects against ischemia reperfusion injury on various organs. However, its protective effects on intestinal tissue against ischemia reperfusion injury are unclear. We aimed to determine whether NS prevents intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty rats were divided into three groups as sham (group 1), control (group 2), and NS-treatment group (group 3). All rats underwent intestinal ischemia for 60 min followed by a 60-min period of reperfusion. Rats were intraperitoneally infused only 0.9% saline solutions in group 2. Rats in the group 3 received NS (0,2 mL/kg) intraperitoneally, before ischemia and before reperfusion. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), total oxidative status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in ileum tissue were measured. Also, ileum tissue histopathology was evaluated by a light microscope. RESULTS: The levels of liver enzymes in group 3 were significantly lower than those in group 2 (p <.01). TAC and CAT activity levels in ileum tissue were significantly higher in group 3 than in group 2. TOS, OSI, and MPO in ileum tissue were significantly lower in group 3 than group 2 (p <.05 for TOS and MPO; p < .01 for OSI). Histological tissue damage was milder in the NS treatment group than in the control group. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that NS treatment protected the rat's intestinal tissue against intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Nigella Sativa, NS, ischemia reperfusion injury, ischemia reperfusion injury, NS, intestinal ischemia - reperfusion injury, NS, ischemia, NS, ischemia, NS, NS, intestinal ischemia - reperfusion injury Options: Disease, Plant	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Plant", "I-Plant", "O", "B-Plant", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Disease", "I-Disease", "I-Disease", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Disease", "I-Disease", "I-Disease", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Plant", "O", "B-Disease", "I-Disease", "I-Disease", "I-Disease", "I-Disease", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Plant", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Disease", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Plant", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Disease", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Plant", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Plant", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Disease", "I-Disease", "I-Disease", "I-Disease", "I-Disease", "O" ]	BACKGROUND: In previous studies, it has been demonstrated that Nigella Sativa (NS) has protective effects against ischemia reperfusion injury on various organs. However, its protective effects on intestinal tissue against ischemia reperfusion injury are unclear. We aimed to determine whether NS prevents intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty rats were divided into three groups as sham (group 1), control (group 2), and NS-treatment group (group 3). All rats underwent intestinal ischemia for 60 min followed by a 60-min period of reperfusion. Rats were intraperitoneally infused only 0.9% saline solutions in group 2. Rats in the group 3 received NS (0,2 mL/kg) intraperitoneally, before ischemia and before reperfusion. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), total oxidative status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in ileum tissue were measured. Also, ileum tissue histopathology was evaluated by a light microscope. RESULTS: The levels of liver enzymes in group 3 were significantly lower than those in group 2 (p <.01). TAC and CAT activity levels in ileum tissue were significantly higher in group 3 than in group 2. TOS, OSI, and MPO in ileum tissue were significantly lower in group 3 than group 2 (p <.05 for TOS and MPO; p < .01 for OSI). Histological tissue damage was milder in the NS treatment group than in the control group. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that NS treatment protected the rat's intestinal tissue against intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury.	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Nigella Sativa, NS, ischemia reperfusion injury, ischemia reperfusion injury, NS, intestinal ischemia - reperfusion injury, NS, ischemia, NS, ischemia, NS, NS, intestinal ischemia - reperfusion injury	20233001_task2	Sentence: BACKGROUND: In previous studies, it has been demonstrated that Nigella Sativa (NS) has protective effects against ischemia reperfusion injury on various organs. However, its protective effects on intestinal tissue against ischemia reperfusion injury are unclear. We aimed to determine whether NS prevents intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty rats were divided into three groups as sham (group 1), control (group 2), and NS-treatment group (group 3). All rats underwent intestinal ischemia for 60 min followed by a 60-min period of reperfusion. Rats were intraperitoneally infused only 0.9% saline solutions in group 2. Rats in the group 3 received NS (0,2 mL/kg) intraperitoneally, before ischemia and before reperfusion. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), total oxidative status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in ileum tissue were measured. Also, ileum tissue histopathology was evaluated by a light microscope. RESULTS: The levels of liver enzymes in group 3 were significantly lower than those in group 2 (p <.01). TAC and CAT activity levels in ileum tissue were significantly higher in group 3 than in group 2. TOS, OSI, and MPO in ileum tissue were significantly lower in group 3 than group 2 (p <.05 for TOS and MPO; p < .01 for OSI). Histological tissue damage was milder in the NS treatment group than in the control group. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that NS treatment protected the rat's intestinal tissue against intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Plant", "I-Plant", "O", "B-Plant", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Disease", "I-Disease", "I-Disease", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Disease", "I-Disease", "I-Disease", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Plant", "O", "B-Disease", "I-Disease", "I-Disease", "I-Disease", "I-Disease", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Plant", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Disease", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Plant", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Disease", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Plant", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Plant", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Disease", "I-Disease", "I-Disease", "I-Disease", "I-Disease", "O" ]	BACKGROUND: In previous studies, it has been demonstrated that Nigella Sativa (NS) has protective effects against ischemia reperfusion injury on various organs. However, its protective effects on intestinal tissue against ischemia reperfusion injury are unclear. We aimed to determine whether NS prevents intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty rats were divided into three groups as sham (group 1), control (group 2), and NS-treatment group (group 3). All rats underwent intestinal ischemia for 60 min followed by a 60-min period of reperfusion. Rats were intraperitoneally infused only 0.9% saline solutions in group 2. Rats in the group 3 received NS (0,2 mL/kg) intraperitoneally, before ischemia and before reperfusion. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), total oxidative status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in ileum tissue were measured. Also, ileum tissue histopathology was evaluated by a light microscope. RESULTS: The levels of liver enzymes in group 3 were significantly lower than those in group 2 (p <.01). TAC and CAT activity levels in ileum tissue were significantly higher in group 3 than in group 2. TOS, OSI, and MPO in ileum tissue were significantly lower in group 3 than group 2 (p <.05 for TOS and MPO; p < .01 for OSI). Histological tissue damage was milder in the NS treatment group than in the control group. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that NS treatment protected the rat's intestinal tissue against intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury.	[ "BACKGROUND", ":", "In", "previous", "studies", ",", "it", "has", "been", "demonstrated", "that", "Nigella", "Sativa", "(", "NS", ")", "has", "protective", "effects", "against", "ischemia", "reperfusion", "injury", "on", "various", "organs", ".", "However", ",", "its", "protective", "effects", "on", "intestinal", "tissue", "against", "ischemia", "reperfusion", "injury", "are", "unclear", ".", "We", "aimed", "to", "determine", "whether", "NS", "prevents", "intestinal", "ischemia", "-", "reperfusion", "injury", "in", "rats", ".", "MATERIALS", "AND", "METHODS", ":", "Thirty", "rats", "were", "divided", "into", "three", "groups", "as", "sham", "(", "group", "1", ")", ",", "control", "(", "group", "2", ")", ",", "and", "NS", "-", "treatment", "group", "(", "group", "3", ")", ".", "All", "rats", "underwent", "intestinal", "ischemia", "for", "60", "min", "followed", "by", "a", "60-min", "period", "of", "reperfusion", ".", "Rats", "were", "intraperitoneally", "infused", "only", "0.9", "%", "saline", "solutions", "in", "group", "2", ".", "Rats", "in", "the", "group", "3", "received", "NS", "(", "0,2", "mL", "/", "kg", ")", "intraperitoneally", ",", "before", "ischemia", "and", "before", "reperfusion", ".", "Total", "antioxidant", "capacity", "(", "TAC", ")", ",", "catalase", "(", "CAT", ")", ",", "total", "oxidative", "status", "(", "TOS", ")", ",", "oxidative", "stress", "index", "(", "OSI", ")", ",", "and", "myeloperoxidase", "(", "MPO", ")", "in", "ileum", "tissue", "were", "measured", ".", "Also", ",", "ileum", "tissue", "histopathology", "was", "evaluated", "by", "a", "light", "microscope", ".", "RESULTS", ":", "The", "levels", "of", "liver", "enzymes", "in", "group", "3", "were", "significantly", "lower", "than", "those", "in", "group", "2", "(", "p", "<", ".01", ")", ".", "TAC", "and", "CAT", "activity", "levels", "in", "ileum", "tissue", "were", "significantly", "higher", "in", "group", "3", "than", "in", "group", "2", ".", "TOS", ",", "OSI", ",", "and", "MPO", "in", "ileum", "tissue", "were", "significantly", "lower", "in", "group", "3", "than", "group", "2", "(", "p", "<", ".05", "for", "TOS", "and", "MPO", ";", "p", "<", ".01", "for", "OSI", ")", ".", "Histological", "tissue", "damage", "was", "milder", "in", "the", "NS", "treatment", "group", "than", "in", "the", "control", "group", ".", "CONCLUSION", ":", "Our", "results", "suggest", "that", "NS", "treatment", "protected", "the", "rat", "'s", "intestinal", "tissue", "against", "intestinal", "ischemia", "-", "reperfusion", "injury", "." ]	[ "Disease", "Plant" ]
acarbose is a Intervention_Pharmacological, insulin therapy is a Intervention_Pharmacological, type 2 diabetic is a Participant_Condition, late failure is a Participant_Condition, sulphonylurea therapy is a Participant_Condition, insulin requirements is a Outcome_Physical, glycaemic control is a Outcome_Physical, type 2 diabetes is a Participant_Condition, exogenous insulin is a Participant_Condition, placebo - controlled is a Intervention_Control, 48 is a Participant_Sample-size, late - term failure is a Participant_Condition, glycaemic response rate is a Outcome_Physical, daily insulin dose is a Outcome_Physical, postprandial changes in blood glucose , serum insulin and C - peptide is a Outcome_Physical, mean daily insulin dose is a Outcome_Physical, Postprandial increases in blood glucose is a Outcome_Physical, mean increase in 2-h postprandial serum insulin is a Outcome_Physical, sulphonylurea / insulin is a Intervention_Pharmacological, Acarbose is a Intervention_Pharmacological, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia . is a Outcome_Physical	5642_task0	Sentence: Effect of acarbose on additional insulin therapy in type 2 diabetic patients with late failure of sulphonylurea therapy . AIM The present study investigated the effect of acarbose on insulin requirements and glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving exogenous insulin due to secondary failure of maximum dose sulphonylurea therapy . METHODS A single-centre , double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled study was performed in 48 type 2 diabetic patients with late-term failure following at least 3 years of sulphonylurea therapy requiring additional insulin therapy to determine the impact of acarbose on glycaemic control and insulin requirements . The primary end points were glycaemic response rate ( responders being predefined as patients who achieve a decrease in HbA1c to less than 8 % or a reduction by at least 15 % as compared to the baseline values ) and the daily insulin dose at 6 months . Secondary parameters assessed included postprandial changes in blood glucose , serum insulin and C-peptide during the treatment period . RESULTS There were significantly more responders in the acarbose-treated group compared with the placebo group ( 20/24 patients vs. 10/19 patients ; p < 0.05 ) . The mean daily insulin dose after 24 weeks of treatment was 16.4 +/- 10.1 IU in the acarbose group and 22.4 +/- 12.2 IU in the placebo group ( mean +/- s.d . ; p < 0.07 ) . Postprandial increases in blood glucose , insulin and C-peptide were consistently lower in the acarbose-treated group than in the placebo group . For example , the mean increase in 2-h postprandial serum insulin remained almost unchanged in the acarbose group at the end of 24 weeks of treatment compared to an increase to 43 +/- 29 microU/ml ( mean +/- s.d . ) at the end of the study period for the placebo group . CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that the addition of acarbose to sulphonylurea/insulin combination therapy can improve glycaemic control in type 2 diabetic patients . Acarbose may also reduce insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Intervention_Control, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size	[ "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical" ]	Effect of acarbose on additional insulin therapy in type 2 diabetic patients with late failure of sulphonylurea therapy . AIM The present study investigated the effect of acarbose on insulin requirements and glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving exogenous insulin due to secondary failure of maximum dose sulphonylurea therapy . METHODS A single-centre , double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled study was performed in 48 type 2 diabetic patients with late-term failure following at least 3 years of sulphonylurea therapy requiring additional insulin therapy to determine the impact of acarbose on glycaemic control and insulin requirements . The primary end points were glycaemic response rate ( responders being predefined as patients who achieve a decrease in HbA1c to less than 8 % or a reduction by at least 15 % as compared to the baseline values ) and the daily insulin dose at 6 months . Secondary parameters assessed included postprandial changes in blood glucose , serum insulin and C-peptide during the treatment period . RESULTS There were significantly more responders in the acarbose-treated group compared with the placebo group ( 20/24 patients vs. 10/19 patients ; p < 0.05 ) . The mean daily insulin dose after 24 weeks of treatment was 16.4 +/- 10.1 IU in the acarbose group and 22.4 +/- 12.2 IU in the placebo group ( mean +/- s.d . ; p < 0.07 ) . Postprandial increases in blood glucose , insulin and C-peptide were consistently lower in the acarbose-treated group than in the placebo group . For example , the mean increase in 2-h postprandial serum insulin remained almost unchanged in the acarbose group at the end of 24 weeks of treatment compared to an increase to 43 +/- 29 microU/ml ( mean +/- s.d . ) at the end of the study period for the placebo group . CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that the addition of acarbose to sulphonylurea/insulin combination therapy can improve glycaemic control in type 2 diabetic patients . Acarbose may also reduce insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia .	[ "Effect", "of", "acarbose", "on", "additional", "insulin", "therapy", "in", "type", "2", "diabetic", "patients", "with", "late", "failure", "of", "sulphonylurea", "therapy", ".", "AIM", "The", "present", "study", "investigated", "the", "effect", "of", "acarbose", "on", "insulin", "requirements", "and", "glycaemic", "control", "in", "patients", "with", "type", "2", "diabetes", "receiving", "exogenous", "insulin", "due", "to", "secondary", "failure", "of", "maximum", "dose", "sulphonylurea", "therapy", ".", "METHODS", "A", "single", "-", "centre", ",", "double", "-", "blind", ",", "randomized", ",", "placebo", "-", "controlled", "study", "was", "performed", "in", "48", "type", "2", "diabetic", "patients", "with", "late", "-", "term", "failure", "following", "at", "least", "3", "years", "of", "sulphonylurea", "therapy", "requiring", "additional", "insulin", "therapy", "to", "determine", "the", "impact", "of", "acarbose", "on", "glycaemic", "control", "and", "insulin", "requirements", ".", "The", "primary", "end", "points", "were", "glycaemic", "response", "rate", "(", "responders", "being", "predefined", "as", "patients", "who", "achieve", "a", "decrease", "in", "HbA1c", "to", "less", "than", "8", "%", "or", "a", "reduction", "by", "at", "least", "15", "%", "as", "compared", "to", "the", "baseline", "values", ")", "and", "the", "daily", "insulin", "dose", "at", "6", "months", ".", "Secondary", "parameters", "assessed", "included", "postprandial", "changes", "in", "blood", "glucose", ",", "serum", "insulin", "and", "C", "-", "peptide", "during", "the", "treatment", "period", ".", "RESULTS", "There", "were", "significantly", "more", "responders", "in", "the", "acarbose", "-", "treated", "group", "compared", "with", "the", "placebo", "group", "(", "20/24", "patients", "vs", ".", "10/19", "patients", ";", "p", "<", "0.05", ")", ".", "The", "mean", "daily", "insulin", "dose", "after", "24", "weeks", "of", "treatment", "was", "16.4", "+", "/-", "10.1", "IU", "in", "the", "acarbose", "group", "and", "22.4", "+", "/-", "12.2", "IU", "in", "the", "placebo", "group", "(", "mean", "+", "/-", "s.d", ".", ";", "p", "<", "0.07", ")", ".", "Postprandial", "increases", "in", "blood", "glucose", ",", "insulin", "and", "C", "-", "peptide", "were", "consistently", "lower", "in", "the", "acarbose", "-", "treated", "group", "than", "in", "the", "placebo", "group", ".", "For", "example", ",", "the", "mean", "increase", "in", "2-h", "postprandial", "serum", "insulin", "remained", "almost", "unchanged", "in", "the", "acarbose", "group", "at", "the", "end", "of", "24", "weeks", "of", "treatment", "compared", "to", "an", "increase", "to", "43", "+", "/-", "29", "microU", "/", "ml", "(", "mean", "+", "/-", "s.d", ".", ")", "at", "the", "end", "of", "the", "study", "period", "for", "the", "placebo", "group", ".", "CONCLUSIONS", "The", "findings", "of", "this", "study", "suggest", "that", "the", "addition", "of", "acarbose", "to", "sulphonylurea", "/", "insulin", "combination", "therapy", "can", "improve", "glycaemic", "control", "in", "type", "2", "diabetic", "patients", ".", "Acarbose", "may", "also", "reduce", "insulin", "resistance", "and", "hyperinsulinaemia", "." ]	[ "Outcome_Physical", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Control", "Participant_Sample-size" ]
acarbose is a Intervention_Pharmacological, insulin therapy is a Intervention_Pharmacological, type 2 diabetic is a Participant_Condition, late failure is a Participant_Condition, sulphonylurea therapy is a Participant_Condition, insulin requirements is a Outcome_Physical, glycaemic control is a Outcome_Physical, type 2 diabetes is a Participant_Condition, exogenous insulin is a Participant_Condition, placebo - controlled is a Intervention_Control, 48 is a Participant_Sample-size, late - term failure is a Participant_Condition, glycaemic response rate is a Outcome_Physical, daily insulin dose is a Outcome_Physical, postprandial changes in blood glucose , serum insulin and C - peptide is a Outcome_Physical, mean daily insulin dose is a Outcome_Physical, Postprandial increases in blood glucose is a Outcome_Physical, mean increase in 2-h postprandial serum insulin is a Outcome_Physical, sulphonylurea / insulin is a Intervention_Pharmacological, Acarbose is a Intervention_Pharmacological, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia . is a Outcome_Physical	5642_task1	Sentence: Effect of acarbose on additional insulin therapy in type 2 diabetic patients with late failure of sulphonylurea therapy . AIM The present study investigated the effect of acarbose on insulin requirements and glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving exogenous insulin due to secondary failure of maximum dose sulphonylurea therapy . METHODS A single-centre , double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled study was performed in 48 type 2 diabetic patients with late-term failure following at least 3 years of sulphonylurea therapy requiring additional insulin therapy to determine the impact of acarbose on glycaemic control and insulin requirements . The primary end points were glycaemic response rate ( responders being predefined as patients who achieve a decrease in HbA1c to less than 8 % or a reduction by at least 15 % as compared to the baseline values ) and the daily insulin dose at 6 months . Secondary parameters assessed included postprandial changes in blood glucose , serum insulin and C-peptide during the treatment period . RESULTS There were significantly more responders in the acarbose-treated group compared with the placebo group ( 20/24 patients vs. 10/19 patients ; p < 0.05 ) . The mean daily insulin dose after 24 weeks of treatment was 16.4 +/- 10.1 IU in the acarbose group and 22.4 +/- 12.2 IU in the placebo group ( mean +/- s.d . ; p < 0.07 ) . Postprandial increases in blood glucose , insulin and C-peptide were consistently lower in the acarbose-treated group than in the placebo group . For example , the mean increase in 2-h postprandial serum insulin remained almost unchanged in the acarbose group at the end of 24 weeks of treatment compared to an increase to 43 +/- 29 microU/ml ( mean +/- s.d . ) at the end of the study period for the placebo group . CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that the addition of acarbose to sulphonylurea/insulin combination therapy can improve glycaemic control in type 2 diabetic patients . Acarbose may also reduce insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: acarbose, insulin therapy, type 2 diabetic, late failure, sulphonylurea therapy, insulin requirements, glycaemic control, type 2 diabetes, exogenous insulin, placebo - controlled, 48, late - term failure, glycaemic response rate, daily insulin dose, postprandial changes in blood glucose , serum insulin and C - peptide, mean daily insulin dose, Postprandial increases in blood glucose, mean increase in 2-h postprandial serum insulin, sulphonylurea / insulin, Acarbose, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia . Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Intervention_Control, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size	[ "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical" ]	Effect of acarbose on additional insulin therapy in type 2 diabetic patients with late failure of sulphonylurea therapy . AIM The present study investigated the effect of acarbose on insulin requirements and glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving exogenous insulin due to secondary failure of maximum dose sulphonylurea therapy . METHODS A single-centre , double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled study was performed in 48 type 2 diabetic patients with late-term failure following at least 3 years of sulphonylurea therapy requiring additional insulin therapy to determine the impact of acarbose on glycaemic control and insulin requirements . The primary end points were glycaemic response rate ( responders being predefined as patients who achieve a decrease in HbA1c to less than 8 % or a reduction by at least 15 % as compared to the baseline values ) and the daily insulin dose at 6 months . Secondary parameters assessed included postprandial changes in blood glucose , serum insulin and C-peptide during the treatment period . RESULTS There were significantly more responders in the acarbose-treated group compared with the placebo group ( 20/24 patients vs. 10/19 patients ; p < 0.05 ) . The mean daily insulin dose after 24 weeks of treatment was 16.4 +/- 10.1 IU in the acarbose group and 22.4 +/- 12.2 IU in the placebo group ( mean +/- s.d . ; p < 0.07 ) . Postprandial increases in blood glucose , insulin and C-peptide were consistently lower in the acarbose-treated group than in the placebo group . For example , the mean increase in 2-h postprandial serum insulin remained almost unchanged in the acarbose group at the end of 24 weeks of treatment compared to an increase to 43 +/- 29 microU/ml ( mean +/- s.d . ) at the end of the study period for the placebo group . CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that the addition of acarbose to sulphonylurea/insulin combination therapy can improve glycaemic control in type 2 diabetic patients . Acarbose may also reduce insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia .	[ "Effect", "of", "acarbose", "on", "additional", "insulin", "therapy", "in", "type", "2", "diabetic", "patients", "with", "late", "failure", "of", "sulphonylurea", "therapy", ".", "AIM", "The", "present", "study", "investigated", "the", "effect", "of", "acarbose", "on", "insulin", "requirements", "and", "glycaemic", "control", "in", "patients", "with", "type", "2", "diabetes", "receiving", "exogenous", "insulin", "due", "to", "secondary", "failure", "of", "maximum", "dose", "sulphonylurea", "therapy", ".", "METHODS", "A", "single", "-", "centre", ",", "double", "-", "blind", ",", "randomized", ",", "placebo", "-", "controlled", "study", "was", "performed", "in", "48", "type", "2", "diabetic", "patients", "with", "late", "-", "term", "failure", "following", "at", "least", "3", "years", "of", "sulphonylurea", "therapy", "requiring", "additional", "insulin", "therapy", "to", "determine", "the", "impact", "of", "acarbose", "on", "glycaemic", "control", "and", "insulin", "requirements", ".", "The", "primary", "end", "points", "were", "glycaemic", "response", "rate", "(", "responders", "being", "predefined", "as", "patients", "who", "achieve", "a", "decrease", "in", "HbA1c", "to", "less", "than", "8", "%", "or", "a", "reduction", "by", "at", "least", "15", "%", "as", "compared", "to", "the", "baseline", "values", ")", "and", "the", "daily", "insulin", "dose", "at", "6", "months", ".", "Secondary", "parameters", "assessed", "included", "postprandial", "changes", "in", "blood", "glucose", ",", "serum", "insulin", "and", "C", "-", "peptide", "during", "the", "treatment", "period", ".", "RESULTS", "There", "were", "significantly", "more", "responders", "in", "the", "acarbose", "-", "treated", "group", "compared", "with", "the", "placebo", "group", "(", "20/24", "patients", "vs", ".", "10/19", "patients", ";", "p", "<", "0.05", ")", ".", "The", "mean", "daily", "insulin", "dose", "after", "24", "weeks", "of", "treatment", "was", "16.4", "+", "/-", "10.1", "IU", "in", "the", "acarbose", "group", "and", "22.4", "+", "/-", "12.2", "IU", "in", "the", "placebo", "group", "(", "mean", "+", "/-", "s.d", ".", ";", "p", "<", "0.07", ")", ".", "Postprandial", "increases", "in", "blood", "glucose", ",", "insulin", "and", "C", "-", "peptide", "were", "consistently", "lower", "in", "the", "acarbose", "-", "treated", "group", "than", "in", "the", "placebo", "group", ".", "For", "example", ",", "the", "mean", "increase", "in", "2-h", "postprandial", "serum", "insulin", "remained", "almost", "unchanged", "in", "the", "acarbose", "group", "at", "the", "end", "of", "24", "weeks", "of", "treatment", "compared", "to", "an", "increase", "to", "43", "+", "/-", "29", "microU", "/", "ml", "(", "mean", "+", "/-", "s.d", ".", ")", "at", "the", "end", "of", "the", "study", "period", "for", "the", "placebo", "group", ".", "CONCLUSIONS", "The", "findings", "of", "this", "study", "suggest", "that", "the", "addition", "of", "acarbose", "to", "sulphonylurea", "/", "insulin", "combination", "therapy", "can", "improve", "glycaemic", "control", "in", "type", "2", "diabetic", "patients", ".", "Acarbose", "may", "also", "reduce", "insulin", "resistance", "and", "hyperinsulinaemia", "." ]	[ "Outcome_Physical", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Control", "Participant_Sample-size" ]
acarbose, insulin therapy, type 2 diabetic, late failure, sulphonylurea therapy, insulin requirements, glycaemic control, type 2 diabetes, exogenous insulin, placebo - controlled, 48, late - term failure, glycaemic response rate, daily insulin dose, postprandial changes in blood glucose , serum insulin and C - peptide, mean daily insulin dose, Postprandial increases in blood glucose, mean increase in 2-h postprandial serum insulin, sulphonylurea / insulin, Acarbose, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia .	5642_task2	Sentence: Effect of acarbose on additional insulin therapy in type 2 diabetic patients with late failure of sulphonylurea therapy . AIM The present study investigated the effect of acarbose on insulin requirements and glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving exogenous insulin due to secondary failure of maximum dose sulphonylurea therapy . METHODS A single-centre , double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled study was performed in 48 type 2 diabetic patients with late-term failure following at least 3 years of sulphonylurea therapy requiring additional insulin therapy to determine the impact of acarbose on glycaemic control and insulin requirements . The primary end points were glycaemic response rate ( responders being predefined as patients who achieve a decrease in HbA1c to less than 8 % or a reduction by at least 15 % as compared to the baseline values ) and the daily insulin dose at 6 months . Secondary parameters assessed included postprandial changes in blood glucose , serum insulin and C-peptide during the treatment period . RESULTS There were significantly more responders in the acarbose-treated group compared with the placebo group ( 20/24 patients vs. 10/19 patients ; p < 0.05 ) . The mean daily insulin dose after 24 weeks of treatment was 16.4 +/- 10.1 IU in the acarbose group and 22.4 +/- 12.2 IU in the placebo group ( mean +/- s.d . ; p < 0.07 ) . Postprandial increases in blood glucose , insulin and C-peptide were consistently lower in the acarbose-treated group than in the placebo group . For example , the mean increase in 2-h postprandial serum insulin remained almost unchanged in the acarbose group at the end of 24 weeks of treatment compared to an increase to 43 +/- 29 microU/ml ( mean +/- s.d . ) at the end of the study period for the placebo group . CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that the addition of acarbose to sulphonylurea/insulin combination therapy can improve glycaemic control in type 2 diabetic patients . Acarbose may also reduce insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical" ]	Effect of acarbose on additional insulin therapy in type 2 diabetic patients with late failure of sulphonylurea therapy . AIM The present study investigated the effect of acarbose on insulin requirements and glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving exogenous insulin due to secondary failure of maximum dose sulphonylurea therapy . METHODS A single-centre , double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled study was performed in 48 type 2 diabetic patients with late-term failure following at least 3 years of sulphonylurea therapy requiring additional insulin therapy to determine the impact of acarbose on glycaemic control and insulin requirements . The primary end points were glycaemic response rate ( responders being predefined as patients who achieve a decrease in HbA1c to less than 8 % or a reduction by at least 15 % as compared to the baseline values ) and the daily insulin dose at 6 months . Secondary parameters assessed included postprandial changes in blood glucose , serum insulin and C-peptide during the treatment period . RESULTS There were significantly more responders in the acarbose-treated group compared with the placebo group ( 20/24 patients vs. 10/19 patients ; p < 0.05 ) . The mean daily insulin dose after 24 weeks of treatment was 16.4 +/- 10.1 IU in the acarbose group and 22.4 +/- 12.2 IU in the placebo group ( mean +/- s.d . ; p < 0.07 ) . Postprandial increases in blood glucose , insulin and C-peptide were consistently lower in the acarbose-treated group than in the placebo group . For example , the mean increase in 2-h postprandial serum insulin remained almost unchanged in the acarbose group at the end of 24 weeks of treatment compared to an increase to 43 +/- 29 microU/ml ( mean +/- s.d . ) at the end of the study period for the placebo group . CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that the addition of acarbose to sulphonylurea/insulin combination therapy can improve glycaemic control in type 2 diabetic patients . Acarbose may also reduce insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia .	[ "Effect", "of", "acarbose", "on", "additional", "insulin", "therapy", "in", "type", "2", "diabetic", "patients", "with", "late", "failure", "of", "sulphonylurea", "therapy", ".", "AIM", "The", "present", "study", "investigated", "the", "effect", "of", "acarbose", "on", "insulin", "requirements", "and", "glycaemic", "control", "in", "patients", "with", "type", "2", "diabetes", "receiving", "exogenous", "insulin", "due", "to", "secondary", "failure", "of", "maximum", "dose", "sulphonylurea", "therapy", ".", "METHODS", "A", "single", "-", "centre", ",", "double", "-", "blind", ",", "randomized", ",", "placebo", "-", "controlled", "study", "was", "performed", "in", "48", "type", "2", "diabetic", "patients", "with", "late", "-", "term", "failure", "following", "at", "least", "3", "years", "of", "sulphonylurea", "therapy", "requiring", "additional", "insulin", "therapy", "to", "determine", "the", "impact", "of", "acarbose", "on", "glycaemic", "control", "and", "insulin", "requirements", ".", "The", "primary", "end", "points", "were", "glycaemic", "response", "rate", "(", "responders", "being", "predefined", "as", "patients", "who", "achieve", "a", "decrease", "in", "HbA1c", "to", "less", "than", "8", "%", "or", "a", "reduction", "by", "at", "least", "15", "%", "as", "compared", "to", "the", "baseline", "values", ")", "and", "the", "daily", "insulin", "dose", "at", "6", "months", ".", "Secondary", "parameters", "assessed", "included", "postprandial", "changes", "in", "blood", "glucose", ",", "serum", "insulin", "and", "C", "-", "peptide", "during", "the", "treatment", "period", ".", "RESULTS", "There", "were", "significantly", "more", "responders", "in", "the", "acarbose", "-", "treated", "group", "compared", "with", "the", "placebo", "group", "(", "20/24", "patients", "vs", ".", "10/19", "patients", ";", "p", "<", "0.05", ")", ".", "The", "mean", "daily", "insulin", "dose", "after", "24", "weeks", "of", "treatment", "was", "16.4", "+", "/-", "10.1", "IU", "in", "the", "acarbose", "group", "and", "22.4", "+", "/-", "12.2", "IU", "in", "the", "placebo", "group", "(", "mean", "+", "/-", "s.d", ".", ";", "p", "<", "0.07", ")", ".", "Postprandial", "increases", "in", "blood", "glucose", ",", "insulin", "and", "C", "-", "peptide", "were", "consistently", "lower", "in", "the", "acarbose", "-", "treated", "group", "than", "in", "the", "placebo", "group", ".", "For", "example", ",", "the", "mean", "increase", "in", "2-h", "postprandial", "serum", "insulin", "remained", "almost", "unchanged", "in", "the", "acarbose", "group", "at", "the", "end", "of", "24", "weeks", "of", "treatment", "compared", "to", "an", "increase", "to", "43", "+", "/-", "29", "microU", "/", "ml", "(", "mean", "+", "/-", "s.d", ".", ")", "at", "the", "end", "of", "the", "study", "period", "for", "the", "placebo", "group", ".", "CONCLUSIONS", "The", "findings", "of", "this", "study", "suggest", "that", "the", "addition", "of", "acarbose", "to", "sulphonylurea", "/", "insulin", "combination", "therapy", "can", "improve", "glycaemic", "control", "in", "type", "2", "diabetic", "patients", ".", "Acarbose", "may", "also", "reduce", "insulin", "resistance", "and", "hyperinsulinaemia", "." ]	[ "Outcome_Physical", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Control", "Participant_Sample-size" ]
Epstein - Barr virus latency is an other_name, ZEBRA is a protein_molecule	60618_task0	Sentence: Activation domain requirements for disruption of Epstein-Barr virus latency by ZEBRA. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: protein_molecule, other_name	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "O", "B-protein_molecule", "O" ]	Activation domain requirements for disruption of Epstein-Barr virus latency by ZEBRA.	[ "Activation", "domain", "requirements", "for", "disruption", "of", "Epstein", "-", "Barr", "virus", "latency", "by", "ZEBRA", "." ]	[ "(OR protein_domain_or_region protein_domain_or_region protein_domain_or_region)", "protein_domain_or_region", "other_name", "virus", "protein_molecule", "", "DNA_domain_or_region", "cell_type" ]
Epstein - Barr virus latency is an other_name, ZEBRA is a protein_molecule	60618_task1	Sentence: Activation domain requirements for disruption of Epstein-Barr virus latency by ZEBRA. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Epstein - Barr virus latency, ZEBRA Options: protein_molecule, other_name	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "O", "B-protein_molecule", "O" ]	Activation domain requirements for disruption of Epstein-Barr virus latency by ZEBRA.	[ "Activation", "domain", "requirements", "for", "disruption", "of", "Epstein", "-", "Barr", "virus", "latency", "by", "ZEBRA", "." ]	[ "(OR protein_domain_or_region protein_domain_or_region protein_domain_or_region)", "protein_domain_or_region", "other_name", "virus", "protein_molecule", "", "DNA_domain_or_region", "cell_type" ]
Epstein - Barr virus latency, ZEBRA	60618_task2	Sentence: Activation domain requirements for disruption of Epstein-Barr virus latency by ZEBRA. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "O", "B-protein_molecule", "O" ]	Activation domain requirements for disruption of Epstein-Barr virus latency by ZEBRA.	[ "Activation", "domain", "requirements", "for", "disruption", "of", "Epstein", "-", "Barr", "virus", "latency", "by", "ZEBRA", "." ]	[ "(OR protein_domain_or_region protein_domain_or_region protein_domain_or_region)", "protein_domain_or_region", "other_name", "virus", "protein_molecule", "", "DNA_domain_or_region", "cell_type" ]
loperamide is a compound, HSA is a protein	DS.d1261_task0	Sentence: Control loperamide-loaded HSA nanoparticles with IgG2a antibodies yielded only marginal effects. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: compound, protein	[ "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Control loperamide-loaded HSA nanoparticles with IgG2a antibodies yielded only marginal effects.	[ "Control", "loperamide", "-", "loaded", "HSA", "nanoparticles", "with", "IgG2a", "antibodies", "yielded", "only", "marginal", "effects", "." ]	[ "compound", "protein" ]
loperamide is a compound, HSA is a protein	DS.d1261_task1	Sentence: Control loperamide-loaded HSA nanoparticles with IgG2a antibodies yielded only marginal effects. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: loperamide, HSA Options: compound, protein	[ "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Control loperamide-loaded HSA nanoparticles with IgG2a antibodies yielded only marginal effects.	[ "Control", "loperamide", "-", "loaded", "HSA", "nanoparticles", "with", "IgG2a", "antibodies", "yielded", "only", "marginal", "effects", "." ]	[ "compound", "protein" ]
loperamide, HSA	DS.d1261_task2	Sentence: Control loperamide-loaded HSA nanoparticles with IgG2a antibodies yielded only marginal effects. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Control loperamide-loaded HSA nanoparticles with IgG2a antibodies yielded only marginal effects.	[ "Control", "loperamide", "-", "loaded", "HSA", "nanoparticles", "with", "IgG2a", "antibodies", "yielded", "only", "marginal", "effects", "." ]	[ "compound", "protein" ]
flea is a Organism, Y. pestis is a Organism, Y. pestis is a Organism, flea is a Organism, Y. pestis is a Organism, Y. pestis is a Organism, Y. pestis is a Organism, flea is a Organism, flea is a Organism, Y. pestis is a Organism, poly - beta-1,6-N - acetyl glucosamine is a Chemical, staphylococcal is a Organism, flea is a Organism, flea is a Organism, psaC is a Protein, Y. pestis is a Organism, phoP is a Protein, mgtC is a Protein, Y. pestis is a Organism, flea is a Organism, yadBC is a Protein, pla is a Protein, Y. pestis is a Organism, flea is a Organism, Pla is a Protein, Y. pestis is a Organism, flea is a Organism, Y. pestis is a Organism, flea is a Organism, Y. pestis is a Organism, flea is a Organism, flea is a Organism, fleas is a Organism, Y. pestis is a Organism	129_task0	Sentence: Does transit through the flea vector preadapt Y. pestis to resist mammalian innate immunity? When Y. pestis is transmitted into the dermis by an infected flea, it is immediately exposed to the mammalian innate immune system. The most important antiphagocytic virulence factors, the cytotoxic Yersinia outer proteins (Yops), part of the T3SS encoded by the Y. pestis virulence plasmid and the F1 capsule encoded by the pMT1 plasmid, are not present at this initial stage of infection. Their expression is strictly temperature-regulated and are not produced in vivo until 3-5 hours after the temperature shift to 37degreesC that accompanies transmission [1],[3],[53],[54]. Consequently, Y. pestis grown at <28degreesC in vitro are initially susceptible to in vivo uptake and killing by phagocytes until the Yop and F1 virulence factors are produced, effectively preventing further phagocytosis [53],[54]. Our results indicate that Y. pestis entering the mammal from an infective flea is relatively resistant to macrophages, as well as PMNs [7]; a vector-specific phenotype that is not related to the T3SS or capsule. Coming from the flea, Y. pestis is also associated with the biofilm ECM, identical or closely related to the poly-beta-1,6-N-acetyl glucosamine ECM of staphylococcal biofilms, which has been shown to provide protection from innate immune components [55],[56]. In addition, although the antiphagocytic F1 capsule and Psa fimbriae do not appear to be produced in the flea, upregulation in the flea of most F1 genes in the cafRcaf1M1A1 locus and the Psa usher protein gene psaC (Tables 1, S1) suggests that components of the F1 and Psa translocation system are made, which may prime Y. pestis for rapid secretion of these extracellular virulence factors after transmission. The upregulation of the innate immunity resistance genes phoP and mgtC suggest that those Y. pestis that are phagocytized may be prepared for resistance to CAMPs and intracellular survival while still in the flea vector. Finally, the major essential virulence factors yadBC and pla, essential for Y. pestis dissemination from the dermis, were maximally or very highly expressed in the flea (Tables 1, S3). Besides degrading plasminogen, the Pla protease may also inactivate CAMPs, particularly when the F1 capsule is not present [57], which matches the phenotype of Y. pestis in the flea. In summary, Y. pestis appears to be prepared for pathogenesis in the mammal while still in the flea vector. The biofilm phenotype of Y. pestis and the virulence factors upregulated or highly expressed in the flea may enhance the earliest stages of plague pathogenesis while the full complement of temperature-shift-regulated virulence factors is still being induced. Increased resistance to innate immunity that is preinduced in the flea vector may be critical to productive transmission because blocked fleas transmit relatively few bacteria, often below the LD50 of Y. pestis grown in vitro at <28degreesC [1],[52]. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Chemical, Organism, Protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Chemical", "I-Chemical", "I-Chemical", "I-Chemical", "I-Chemical", "I-Chemical", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Does transit through the flea vector preadapt Y. pestis to resist mammalian innate immunity? When Y. pestis is transmitted into the dermis by an infected flea, it is immediately exposed to the mammalian innate immune system. The most important antiphagocytic virulence factors, the cytotoxic Yersinia outer proteins (Yops), part of the T3SS encoded by the Y. pestis virulence plasmid and the F1 capsule encoded by the pMT1 plasmid, are not present at this initial stage of infection. Their expression is strictly temperature-regulated and are not produced in vivo until 3-5 hours after the temperature shift to 37degreesC that accompanies transmission [1],[3],[53],[54]. Consequently, Y. pestis grown at <28degreesC in vitro are initially susceptible to in vivo uptake and killing by phagocytes until the Yop and F1 virulence factors are produced, effectively preventing further phagocytosis [53],[54]. Our results indicate that Y. pestis entering the mammal from an infective flea is relatively resistant to macrophages, as well as PMNs [7]; a vector-specific phenotype that is not related to the T3SS or capsule. Coming from the flea, Y. pestis is also associated with the biofilm ECM, identical or closely related to the poly-beta-1,6-N-acetyl glucosamine ECM of staphylococcal biofilms, which has been shown to provide protection from innate immune components [55],[56]. In addition, although the antiphagocytic F1 capsule and Psa fimbriae do not appear to be produced in the flea, upregulation in the flea of most F1 genes in the cafRcaf1M1A1 locus and the Psa usher protein gene psaC (Tables 1, S1) suggests that components of the F1 and Psa translocation system are made, which may prime Y. pestis for rapid secretion of these extracellular virulence factors after transmission. The upregulation of the innate immunity resistance genes phoP and mgtC suggest that those Y. pestis that are phagocytized may be prepared for resistance to CAMPs and intracellular survival while still in the flea vector. Finally, the major essential virulence factors yadBC and pla, essential for Y. pestis dissemination from the dermis, were maximally or very highly expressed in the flea (Tables 1, S3). Besides degrading plasminogen, the Pla protease may also inactivate CAMPs, particularly when the F1 capsule is not present [57], which matches the phenotype of Y. pestis in the flea. In summary, Y. pestis appears to be prepared for pathogenesis in the mammal while still in the flea vector. The biofilm phenotype of Y. pestis and the virulence factors upregulated or highly expressed in the flea may enhance the earliest stages of plague pathogenesis while the full complement of temperature-shift-regulated virulence factors is still being induced. Increased resistance to innate immunity that is preinduced in the flea vector may be critical to productive transmission because blocked fleas transmit relatively few bacteria, often below the LD50 of Y. pestis grown in vitro at <28degreesC [1],[52].	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flea is a Organism, Y. pestis is a Organism, Y. pestis is a Organism, flea is a Organism, Y. pestis is a Organism, Y. pestis is a Organism, Y. pestis is a Organism, flea is a Organism, flea is a Organism, Y. pestis is a Organism, poly - beta-1,6-N - acetyl glucosamine is a Chemical, staphylococcal is a Organism, flea is a Organism, flea is a Organism, psaC is a Protein, Y. pestis is a Organism, phoP is a Protein, mgtC is a Protein, Y. pestis is a Organism, flea is a Organism, yadBC is a Protein, pla is a Protein, Y. pestis is a Organism, flea is a Organism, Pla is a Protein, Y. pestis is a Organism, flea is a Organism, Y. pestis is a Organism, flea is a Organism, Y. pestis is a Organism, flea is a Organism, flea is a Organism, fleas is a Organism, Y. pestis is a Organism	129_task1	Sentence: Does transit through the flea vector preadapt Y. pestis to resist mammalian innate immunity? When Y. pestis is transmitted into the dermis by an infected flea, it is immediately exposed to the mammalian innate immune system. The most important antiphagocytic virulence factors, the cytotoxic Yersinia outer proteins (Yops), part of the T3SS encoded by the Y. pestis virulence plasmid and the F1 capsule encoded by the pMT1 plasmid, are not present at this initial stage of infection. Their expression is strictly temperature-regulated and are not produced in vivo until 3-5 hours after the temperature shift to 37degreesC that accompanies transmission [1],[3],[53],[54]. Consequently, Y. pestis grown at <28degreesC in vitro are initially susceptible to in vivo uptake and killing by phagocytes until the Yop and F1 virulence factors are produced, effectively preventing further phagocytosis [53],[54]. Our results indicate that Y. pestis entering the mammal from an infective flea is relatively resistant to macrophages, as well as PMNs [7]; a vector-specific phenotype that is not related to the T3SS or capsule. Coming from the flea, Y. pestis is also associated with the biofilm ECM, identical or closely related to the poly-beta-1,6-N-acetyl glucosamine ECM of staphylococcal biofilms, which has been shown to provide protection from innate immune components [55],[56]. In addition, although the antiphagocytic F1 capsule and Psa fimbriae do not appear to be produced in the flea, upregulation in the flea of most F1 genes in the cafRcaf1M1A1 locus and the Psa usher protein gene psaC (Tables 1, S1) suggests that components of the F1 and Psa translocation system are made, which may prime Y. pestis for rapid secretion of these extracellular virulence factors after transmission. The upregulation of the innate immunity resistance genes phoP and mgtC suggest that those Y. pestis that are phagocytized may be prepared for resistance to CAMPs and intracellular survival while still in the flea vector. Finally, the major essential virulence factors yadBC and pla, essential for Y. pestis dissemination from the dermis, were maximally or very highly expressed in the flea (Tables 1, S3). Besides degrading plasminogen, the Pla protease may also inactivate CAMPs, particularly when the F1 capsule is not present [57], which matches the phenotype of Y. pestis in the flea. In summary, Y. pestis appears to be prepared for pathogenesis in the mammal while still in the flea vector. The biofilm phenotype of Y. pestis and the virulence factors upregulated or highly expressed in the flea may enhance the earliest stages of plague pathogenesis while the full complement of temperature-shift-regulated virulence factors is still being induced. Increased resistance to innate immunity that is preinduced in the flea vector may be critical to productive transmission because blocked fleas transmit relatively few bacteria, often below the LD50 of Y. pestis grown in vitro at <28degreesC [1],[52]. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: flea, Y. pestis, Y. pestis, flea, Y. pestis, Y. pestis, Y. pestis, flea, flea, Y. pestis, poly - beta-1,6-N - acetyl glucosamine, staphylococcal, flea, flea, psaC, Y. pestis, phoP, mgtC, Y. pestis, flea, yadBC, pla, Y. pestis, flea, Pla, Y. pestis, flea, Y. pestis, flea, Y. pestis, flea, flea, fleas, Y. pestis Options: Chemical, Organism, Protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Chemical", "I-Chemical", "I-Chemical", "I-Chemical", "I-Chemical", "I-Chemical", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Does transit through the flea vector preadapt Y. pestis to resist mammalian innate immunity? When Y. pestis is transmitted into the dermis by an infected flea, it is immediately exposed to the mammalian innate immune system. The most important antiphagocytic virulence factors, the cytotoxic Yersinia outer proteins (Yops), part of the T3SS encoded by the Y. pestis virulence plasmid and the F1 capsule encoded by the pMT1 plasmid, are not present at this initial stage of infection. Their expression is strictly temperature-regulated and are not produced in vivo until 3-5 hours after the temperature shift to 37degreesC that accompanies transmission [1],[3],[53],[54]. Consequently, Y. pestis grown at <28degreesC in vitro are initially susceptible to in vivo uptake and killing by phagocytes until the Yop and F1 virulence factors are produced, effectively preventing further phagocytosis [53],[54]. Our results indicate that Y. pestis entering the mammal from an infective flea is relatively resistant to macrophages, as well as PMNs [7]; a vector-specific phenotype that is not related to the T3SS or capsule. Coming from the flea, Y. pestis is also associated with the biofilm ECM, identical or closely related to the poly-beta-1,6-N-acetyl glucosamine ECM of staphylococcal biofilms, which has been shown to provide protection from innate immune components [55],[56]. In addition, although the antiphagocytic F1 capsule and Psa fimbriae do not appear to be produced in the flea, upregulation in the flea of most F1 genes in the cafRcaf1M1A1 locus and the Psa usher protein gene psaC (Tables 1, S1) suggests that components of the F1 and Psa translocation system are made, which may prime Y. pestis for rapid secretion of these extracellular virulence factors after transmission. The upregulation of the innate immunity resistance genes phoP and mgtC suggest that those Y. pestis that are phagocytized may be prepared for resistance to CAMPs and intracellular survival while still in the flea vector. Finally, the major essential virulence factors yadBC and pla, essential for Y. pestis dissemination from the dermis, were maximally or very highly expressed in the flea (Tables 1, S3). Besides degrading plasminogen, the Pla protease may also inactivate CAMPs, particularly when the F1 capsule is not present [57], which matches the phenotype of Y. pestis in the flea. In summary, Y. pestis appears to be prepared for pathogenesis in the mammal while still in the flea vector. The biofilm phenotype of Y. pestis and the virulence factors upregulated or highly expressed in the flea may enhance the earliest stages of plague pathogenesis while the full complement of temperature-shift-regulated virulence factors is still being induced. Increased resistance to innate immunity that is preinduced in the flea vector may be critical to productive transmission because blocked fleas transmit relatively few bacteria, often below the LD50 of Y. pestis grown in vitro at <28degreesC [1],[52].	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flea, Y. pestis, Y. pestis, flea, Y. pestis, Y. pestis, Y. pestis, flea, flea, Y. pestis, poly - beta-1,6-N - acetyl glucosamine, staphylococcal, flea, flea, psaC, Y. pestis, phoP, mgtC, Y. pestis, flea, yadBC, pla, Y. pestis, flea, Pla, Y. pestis, flea, Y. pestis, flea, Y. pestis, flea, flea, fleas, Y. pestis	129_task2	Sentence: Does transit through the flea vector preadapt Y. pestis to resist mammalian innate immunity? When Y. pestis is transmitted into the dermis by an infected flea, it is immediately exposed to the mammalian innate immune system. The most important antiphagocytic virulence factors, the cytotoxic Yersinia outer proteins (Yops), part of the T3SS encoded by the Y. pestis virulence plasmid and the F1 capsule encoded by the pMT1 plasmid, are not present at this initial stage of infection. Their expression is strictly temperature-regulated and are not produced in vivo until 3-5 hours after the temperature shift to 37degreesC that accompanies transmission [1],[3],[53],[54]. Consequently, Y. pestis grown at <28degreesC in vitro are initially susceptible to in vivo uptake and killing by phagocytes until the Yop and F1 virulence factors are produced, effectively preventing further phagocytosis [53],[54]. Our results indicate that Y. pestis entering the mammal from an infective flea is relatively resistant to macrophages, as well as PMNs [7]; a vector-specific phenotype that is not related to the T3SS or capsule. Coming from the flea, Y. pestis is also associated with the biofilm ECM, identical or closely related to the poly-beta-1,6-N-acetyl glucosamine ECM of staphylococcal biofilms, which has been shown to provide protection from innate immune components [55],[56]. In addition, although the antiphagocytic F1 capsule and Psa fimbriae do not appear to be produced in the flea, upregulation in the flea of most F1 genes in the cafRcaf1M1A1 locus and the Psa usher protein gene psaC (Tables 1, S1) suggests that components of the F1 and Psa translocation system are made, which may prime Y. pestis for rapid secretion of these extracellular virulence factors after transmission. The upregulation of the innate immunity resistance genes phoP and mgtC suggest that those Y. pestis that are phagocytized may be prepared for resistance to CAMPs and intracellular survival while still in the flea vector. Finally, the major essential virulence factors yadBC and pla, essential for Y. pestis dissemination from the dermis, were maximally or very highly expressed in the flea (Tables 1, S3). Besides degrading plasminogen, the Pla protease may also inactivate CAMPs, particularly when the F1 capsule is not present [57], which matches the phenotype of Y. pestis in the flea. In summary, Y. pestis appears to be prepared for pathogenesis in the mammal while still in the flea vector. The biofilm phenotype of Y. pestis and the virulence factors upregulated or highly expressed in the flea may enhance the earliest stages of plague pathogenesis while the full complement of temperature-shift-regulated virulence factors is still being induced. Increased resistance to innate immunity that is preinduced in the flea vector may be critical to productive transmission because blocked fleas transmit relatively few bacteria, often below the LD50 of Y. pestis grown in vitro at <28degreesC [1],[52]. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Chemical", "I-Chemical", "I-Chemical", "I-Chemical", "I-Chemical", "I-Chemical", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "I-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Does transit through the flea vector preadapt Y. pestis to resist mammalian innate immunity? When Y. pestis is transmitted into the dermis by an infected flea, it is immediately exposed to the mammalian innate immune system. The most important antiphagocytic virulence factors, the cytotoxic Yersinia outer proteins (Yops), part of the T3SS encoded by the Y. pestis virulence plasmid and the F1 capsule encoded by the pMT1 plasmid, are not present at this initial stage of infection. Their expression is strictly temperature-regulated and are not produced in vivo until 3-5 hours after the temperature shift to 37degreesC that accompanies transmission [1],[3],[53],[54]. Consequently, Y. pestis grown at <28degreesC in vitro are initially susceptible to in vivo uptake and killing by phagocytes until the Yop and F1 virulence factors are produced, effectively preventing further phagocytosis [53],[54]. Our results indicate that Y. pestis entering the mammal from an infective flea is relatively resistant to macrophages, as well as PMNs [7]; a vector-specific phenotype that is not related to the T3SS or capsule. Coming from the flea, Y. pestis is also associated with the biofilm ECM, identical or closely related to the poly-beta-1,6-N-acetyl glucosamine ECM of staphylococcal biofilms, which has been shown to provide protection from innate immune components [55],[56]. In addition, although the antiphagocytic F1 capsule and Psa fimbriae do not appear to be produced in the flea, upregulation in the flea of most F1 genes in the cafRcaf1M1A1 locus and the Psa usher protein gene psaC (Tables 1, S1) suggests that components of the F1 and Psa translocation system are made, which may prime Y. pestis for rapid secretion of these extracellular virulence factors after transmission. The upregulation of the innate immunity resistance genes phoP and mgtC suggest that those Y. pestis that are phagocytized may be prepared for resistance to CAMPs and intracellular survival while still in the flea vector. Finally, the major essential virulence factors yadBC and pla, essential for Y. pestis dissemination from the dermis, were maximally or very highly expressed in the flea (Tables 1, S3). Besides degrading plasminogen, the Pla protease may also inactivate CAMPs, particularly when the F1 capsule is not present [57], which matches the phenotype of Y. pestis in the flea. In summary, Y. pestis appears to be prepared for pathogenesis in the mammal while still in the flea vector. The biofilm phenotype of Y. pestis and the virulence factors upregulated or highly expressed in the flea may enhance the earliest stages of plague pathogenesis while the full complement of temperature-shift-regulated virulence factors is still being induced. Increased resistance to innate immunity that is preinduced in the flea vector may be critical to productive transmission because blocked fleas transmit relatively few bacteria, often below the LD50 of Y. pestis grown in vitro at <28degreesC [1],[52].	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functional dyspepsia is a Condition, Rome III criteria is a Qualifier, inadequate relief is a Qualifier, dyspeptic symptoms is a Condition, Age is a Person, > 18 is a Value	NCT01349413_inc_task0	Sentence: Patients with functional dyspepsia that fulfill Rome III criteria with inadequate relief of dyspeptic symptoms Age >18 Provision of written consent Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Person, Condition, Qualifier, Value	[ "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "I-Qualifier", "I-Qualifier", "O", "B-Qualifier", "I-Qualifier", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Person", "B-Value", "I-Value", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Patients with functional dyspepsia that fulfill Rome III criteria with inadequate relief of dyspeptic symptoms Age >18 Provision of written consent	[ "Patients", "with", "functional", "dyspepsia", "that", "fulfill", "Rome", "III", "criteria", "with", "inadequate", "relief", "of", "dyspeptic", "symptoms", "\n", "Age", ">", "18", "\n", "Provision", "of", "written", "consent", "\n" ]	[ "Condition", "Qualifier", "Person", "Value" ]
functional dyspepsia is a Condition, Rome III criteria is a Qualifier, inadequate relief is a Qualifier, dyspeptic symptoms is a Condition, Age is a Person, > 18 is a Value	NCT01349413_inc_task1	Sentence: Patients with functional dyspepsia that fulfill Rome III criteria with inadequate relief of dyspeptic symptoms Age >18 Provision of written consent Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: functional dyspepsia, Rome III criteria, inadequate relief, dyspeptic symptoms, Age, > 18 Options: Person, Condition, Qualifier, Value	[ "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "I-Qualifier", "I-Qualifier", "O", "B-Qualifier", "I-Qualifier", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Person", "B-Value", "I-Value", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Patients with functional dyspepsia that fulfill Rome III criteria with inadequate relief of dyspeptic symptoms Age >18 Provision of written consent	[ "Patients", "with", "functional", "dyspepsia", "that", "fulfill", "Rome", "III", "criteria", "with", "inadequate", "relief", "of", "dyspeptic", "symptoms", "\n", "Age", ">", "18", "\n", "Provision", "of", "written", "consent", "\n" ]	[ "Condition", "Qualifier", "Person", "Value" ]
functional dyspepsia, Rome III criteria, inadequate relief, dyspeptic symptoms, Age, > 18	NCT01349413_inc_task2	Sentence: Patients with functional dyspepsia that fulfill Rome III criteria with inadequate relief of dyspeptic symptoms Age >18 Provision of written consent Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "I-Qualifier", "I-Qualifier", "O", "B-Qualifier", "I-Qualifier", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Person", "B-Value", "I-Value", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Patients with functional dyspepsia that fulfill Rome III criteria with inadequate relief of dyspeptic symptoms Age >18 Provision of written consent	[ "Patients", "with", "functional", "dyspepsia", "that", "fulfill", "Rome", "III", "criteria", "with", "inadequate", "relief", "of", "dyspeptic", "symptoms", "\n", "Age", ">", "18", "\n", "Provision", "of", "written", "consent", "\n" ]	[ "Condition", "Qualifier", "Person", "Value" ]
breast cancer patients is a Participant_Condition, pre - operative and post - operative anastrozole or tamoxifen is a Intervention_Pharmacological, efficacy outcomes is a Outcome_Physical, Arimidex is a Intervention_Pharmacological, Tamoxifen is a Intervention_Pharmacological, pre - operative ( 3 months ) and post - operative ( 5 years ) adjuvant treatment is a Intervention_Pharmacological, locally - advanced breast cancer is a Participant_Sample-size, tamoxifen placebo is a Intervention_Control, anastrozole placebo is a Intervention_Control, adjuvant therapy is a Intervention_Pharmacological, recurrence is a Outcome_Physical, Recurrence - free survival is a Outcome_Physical, overall survival is a Outcome_Physical, death is a Outcome_Adverse-effects, adverse events is a Outcome_Adverse-effects, recurrence - free survival is a Outcome_Physical	53056_task0	Sentence: Outcomes of Japanese breast cancer patients treated with pre-operative and post-operative anastrozole or tamoxifen . The present study examined long-term efficacy outcomes in a subgroup of postmenopausal , estrogen receptor-positive Japanese breast cancer patients from the Pre-Operative " Arimidex " Compared with Tamoxifen trial , following pre-operative ( 3 months ) and post-operative ( 5 years ) adjuvant treatment with either anastrozole or tamoxifen . Patients with large , potentially operable , locally-advanced breast cancer were randomized to receive anastrozole ( 1 mg/day ) plus tamoxifen placebo or tamoxifen ( 20 mg/day ) plus anastrozole placebo pre-operatively . After surgery at 3 months , patients continued on the same study medication as adjuvant therapy for up to 5 years or until recurrence , intolerable toxicity or withdrawal of patient consent . Recurrence-free survival and overall survival were measured from the date of randomization to the date of recurrence or death , whichever occurred first . Patients were monitored for adverse events throughout the study period and up to 30 days following administration of the last study medication . During post-operative adjuvant therapy , 4/48 ( 8 % ) anastrozole and 25/49 ( 51 % ) tamoxifen patients experienced recurrence . There was a significant difference in recurrence-free survival between the two groups ( hazard ratio 0.14 ; 95 % confidence interval 0.05-0.41 ; P = 0.0003 ) . There was a significant increase in overall survival with anastrozole ( 0.21 ; 0.05-0.96 ; P = 0.0436 ) and there were 2/48 ( 4 % ) and 10/49 ( 20 % ) deaths with anastrozole and tamoxifen , respectively . Most patients responding to pre-operative therapy remained recurrence-free . Sequential pre-operative/post-operative treatment with anastrozole resulted in lower recurrence and death rates , compared with tamoxifen . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Outcome_Adverse-effects, Intervention_Control, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size	[ "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Outcomes of Japanese breast cancer patients treated with pre-operative and post-operative anastrozole or tamoxifen . The present study examined long-term efficacy outcomes in a subgroup of postmenopausal , estrogen receptor-positive Japanese breast cancer patients from the Pre-Operative " Arimidex " Compared with Tamoxifen trial , following pre-operative ( 3 months ) and post-operative ( 5 years ) adjuvant treatment with either anastrozole or tamoxifen . Patients with large , potentially operable , locally-advanced breast cancer were randomized to receive anastrozole ( 1 mg/day ) plus tamoxifen placebo or tamoxifen ( 20 mg/day ) plus anastrozole placebo pre-operatively . After surgery at 3 months , patients continued on the same study medication as adjuvant therapy for up to 5 years or until recurrence , intolerable toxicity or withdrawal of patient consent . Recurrence-free survival and overall survival were measured from the date of randomization to the date of recurrence or death , whichever occurred first . Patients were monitored for adverse events throughout the study period and up to 30 days following administration of the last study medication . During post-operative adjuvant therapy , 4/48 ( 8 % ) anastrozole and 25/49 ( 51 % ) tamoxifen patients experienced recurrence . There was a significant difference in recurrence-free survival between the two groups ( hazard ratio 0.14 ; 95 % confidence interval 0.05-0.41 ; P = 0.0003 ) . There was a significant increase in overall survival with anastrozole ( 0.21 ; 0.05-0.96 ; P = 0.0436 ) and there were 2/48 ( 4 % ) and 10/49 ( 20 % ) deaths with anastrozole and tamoxifen , respectively . Most patients responding to pre-operative therapy remained recurrence-free . Sequential pre-operative/post-operative treatment with anastrozole resulted in lower recurrence and death rates , compared with tamoxifen .	[ "Outcomes", "of", "Japanese", "breast", "cancer", "patients", "treated", "with", "pre", "-", "operative", "and", "post", "-", "operative", "anastrozole", "or", "tamoxifen", ".", "The", "present", "study", "examined", "long", "-", "term", "efficacy", "outcomes", "in", "a", "subgroup", "of", "postmenopausal", ",", "estrogen", "receptor", "-", "positive", "Japanese", "breast", "cancer", "patients", "from", "the", "Pre", "-", "Operative", "\"", "Arimidex", "\"", "Compared", "with", "Tamoxifen", "trial", ",", "following", "pre", "-", "operative", "(", "3", "months", ")", "and", "post", "-", "operative", "(", "5", "years", ")", "adjuvant", "treatment", "with", "either", "anastrozole", "or", "tamoxifen", ".", "Patients", "with", "large", ",", "potentially", "operable", ",", "locally", "-", "advanced", "breast", "cancer", "were", "randomized", "to", "receive", "anastrozole", "(", "1", "mg", "/", "day", ")", "plus", "tamoxifen", "placebo", "or", "tamoxifen", "(", "20", "mg", "/", "day", ")", "plus", "anastrozole", "placebo", "pre", "-", "operatively", ".", "After", "surgery", "at", "3", "months", ",", "patients", "continued", "on", "the", "same", "study", "medication", "as", "adjuvant", "therapy", "for", "up", "to", "5", "years", "or", "until", "recurrence", ",", "intolerable", "toxicity", "or", "withdrawal", "of", "patient", "consent", ".", "Recurrence", "-", "free", "survival", "and", "overall", "survival", "were", "measured", "from", "the", "date", "of", "randomization", "to", "the", "date", "of", "recurrence", "or", "death", ",", "whichever", "occurred", "first", ".", "Patients", "were", "monitored", "for", "adverse", "events", "throughout", "the", "study", "period", "and", "up", "to", "30", "days", "following", "administration", "of", "the", "last", "study", "medication", ".", "During", "post", "-", "operative", "adjuvant", "therapy", ",", "4/48", "(", "8", "%", ")", "anastrozole", "and", "25/49", "(", "51", "%", ")", "tamoxifen", "patients", "experienced", "recurrence", ".", "There", "was", "a", "significant", "difference", "in", "recurrence", "-", "free", "survival", "between", "the", "two", "groups", "(", "hazard", "ratio", "0.14", ";", "95", "%", "confidence", "interval", "0.05", "-", "0.41", ";", "P", "=", "0.0003", ")", ".", "There", "was", "a", "significant", "increase", "in", "overall", "survival", "with", "anastrozole", "(", "0.21", ";", "0.05", "-", "0.96", ";", "P", "=", "0.0436", ")", "and", "there", "were", "2/48", "(", "4", "%", ")", "and", "10/49", "(", "20", "%", ")", "deaths", "with", "anastrozole", "and", "tamoxifen", ",", "respectively", ".", "Most", "patients", "responding", "to", "pre", "-", "operative", "therapy", "remained", "recurrence", "-", "free", ".", "Sequential", "pre", "-", "operative", "/", "post", "-", "operative", "treatment", "with", "anastrozole", "resulted", "in", "lower", "recurrence", "and", "death", "rates", ",", "compared", "with", "tamoxifen", "." ]	[ "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Sample-size", "Outcome_Physical", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Control", "Outcome_Adverse-effects" ]
breast cancer patients is a Participant_Condition, pre - operative and post - operative anastrozole or tamoxifen is a Intervention_Pharmacological, efficacy outcomes is a Outcome_Physical, Arimidex is a Intervention_Pharmacological, Tamoxifen is a Intervention_Pharmacological, pre - operative ( 3 months ) and post - operative ( 5 years ) adjuvant treatment is a Intervention_Pharmacological, locally - advanced breast cancer is a Participant_Sample-size, tamoxifen placebo is a Intervention_Control, anastrozole placebo is a Intervention_Control, adjuvant therapy is a Intervention_Pharmacological, recurrence is a Outcome_Physical, Recurrence - free survival is a Outcome_Physical, overall survival is a Outcome_Physical, death is a Outcome_Adverse-effects, adverse events is a Outcome_Adverse-effects, recurrence - free survival is a Outcome_Physical	53056_task1	Sentence: Outcomes of Japanese breast cancer patients treated with pre-operative and post-operative anastrozole or tamoxifen . The present study examined long-term efficacy outcomes in a subgroup of postmenopausal , estrogen receptor-positive Japanese breast cancer patients from the Pre-Operative " Arimidex " Compared with Tamoxifen trial , following pre-operative ( 3 months ) and post-operative ( 5 years ) adjuvant treatment with either anastrozole or tamoxifen . Patients with large , potentially operable , locally-advanced breast cancer were randomized to receive anastrozole ( 1 mg/day ) plus tamoxifen placebo or tamoxifen ( 20 mg/day ) plus anastrozole placebo pre-operatively . After surgery at 3 months , patients continued on the same study medication as adjuvant therapy for up to 5 years or until recurrence , intolerable toxicity or withdrawal of patient consent . Recurrence-free survival and overall survival were measured from the date of randomization to the date of recurrence or death , whichever occurred first . Patients were monitored for adverse events throughout the study period and up to 30 days following administration of the last study medication . During post-operative adjuvant therapy , 4/48 ( 8 % ) anastrozole and 25/49 ( 51 % ) tamoxifen patients experienced recurrence . There was a significant difference in recurrence-free survival between the two groups ( hazard ratio 0.14 ; 95 % confidence interval 0.05-0.41 ; P = 0.0003 ) . There was a significant increase in overall survival with anastrozole ( 0.21 ; 0.05-0.96 ; P = 0.0436 ) and there were 2/48 ( 4 % ) and 10/49 ( 20 % ) deaths with anastrozole and tamoxifen , respectively . Most patients responding to pre-operative therapy remained recurrence-free . Sequential pre-operative/post-operative treatment with anastrozole resulted in lower recurrence and death rates , compared with tamoxifen . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: breast cancer patients, pre - operative and post - operative anastrozole or tamoxifen, efficacy outcomes, Arimidex, Tamoxifen, pre - operative ( 3 months ) and post - operative ( 5 years ) adjuvant treatment, locally - advanced breast cancer, tamoxifen placebo, anastrozole placebo, adjuvant therapy, recurrence, Recurrence - free survival, overall survival, death, adverse events, recurrence - free survival Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Outcome_Adverse-effects, Intervention_Control, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size	[ "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Outcomes of Japanese breast cancer patients treated with pre-operative and post-operative anastrozole or tamoxifen . The present study examined long-term efficacy outcomes in a subgroup of postmenopausal , estrogen receptor-positive Japanese breast cancer patients from the Pre-Operative " Arimidex " Compared with Tamoxifen trial , following pre-operative ( 3 months ) and post-operative ( 5 years ) adjuvant treatment with either anastrozole or tamoxifen . Patients with large , potentially operable , locally-advanced breast cancer were randomized to receive anastrozole ( 1 mg/day ) plus tamoxifen placebo or tamoxifen ( 20 mg/day ) plus anastrozole placebo pre-operatively . After surgery at 3 months , patients continued on the same study medication as adjuvant therapy for up to 5 years or until recurrence , intolerable toxicity or withdrawal of patient consent . Recurrence-free survival and overall survival were measured from the date of randomization to the date of recurrence or death , whichever occurred first . Patients were monitored for adverse events throughout the study period and up to 30 days following administration of the last study medication . During post-operative adjuvant therapy , 4/48 ( 8 % ) anastrozole and 25/49 ( 51 % ) tamoxifen patients experienced recurrence . There was a significant difference in recurrence-free survival between the two groups ( hazard ratio 0.14 ; 95 % confidence interval 0.05-0.41 ; P = 0.0003 ) . There was a significant increase in overall survival with anastrozole ( 0.21 ; 0.05-0.96 ; P = 0.0436 ) and there were 2/48 ( 4 % ) and 10/49 ( 20 % ) deaths with anastrozole and tamoxifen , respectively . Most patients responding to pre-operative therapy remained recurrence-free . Sequential pre-operative/post-operative treatment with anastrozole resulted in lower recurrence and death rates , compared with tamoxifen .	[ "Outcomes", "of", "Japanese", "breast", "cancer", "patients", "treated", "with", "pre", "-", "operative", "and", "post", "-", "operative", "anastrozole", "or", "tamoxifen", ".", "The", "present", "study", "examined", "long", "-", "term", "efficacy", "outcomes", "in", "a", "subgroup", "of", "postmenopausal", ",", "estrogen", "receptor", "-", "positive", "Japanese", "breast", "cancer", "patients", "from", "the", "Pre", "-", "Operative", "\"", "Arimidex", "\"", "Compared", "with", "Tamoxifen", "trial", ",", "following", "pre", "-", "operative", "(", "3", "months", ")", "and", "post", "-", "operative", "(", "5", "years", ")", "adjuvant", "treatment", "with", "either", "anastrozole", "or", "tamoxifen", ".", "Patients", "with", "large", ",", "potentially", "operable", ",", "locally", "-", "advanced", "breast", "cancer", "were", "randomized", "to", "receive", "anastrozole", "(", "1", "mg", "/", "day", ")", "plus", "tamoxifen", "placebo", "or", "tamoxifen", "(", "20", "mg", "/", "day", ")", "plus", "anastrozole", "placebo", "pre", "-", "operatively", ".", "After", "surgery", "at", "3", "months", ",", "patients", "continued", "on", "the", "same", "study", "medication", "as", "adjuvant", "therapy", "for", "up", "to", "5", "years", "or", "until", "recurrence", ",", "intolerable", "toxicity", "or", "withdrawal", "of", "patient", "consent", ".", "Recurrence", "-", "free", "survival", "and", "overall", "survival", "were", "measured", "from", "the", "date", "of", "randomization", "to", "the", "date", "of", "recurrence", "or", "death", ",", "whichever", "occurred", "first", ".", "Patients", "were", "monitored", "for", "adverse", "events", "throughout", "the", "study", "period", "and", "up", "to", "30", "days", "following", "administration", "of", "the", "last", "study", "medication", ".", "During", "post", "-", "operative", "adjuvant", "therapy", ",", "4/48", "(", "8", "%", ")", "anastrozole", "and", "25/49", "(", "51", "%", ")", "tamoxifen", "patients", "experienced", "recurrence", ".", "There", "was", "a", "significant", "difference", "in", "recurrence", "-", "free", "survival", "between", "the", "two", "groups", "(", "hazard", "ratio", "0.14", ";", "95", "%", "confidence", "interval", "0.05", "-", "0.41", ";", "P", "=", "0.0003", ")", ".", "There", "was", "a", "significant", "increase", "in", "overall", "survival", "with", "anastrozole", "(", "0.21", ";", "0.05", "-", "0.96", ";", "P", "=", "0.0436", ")", "and", "there", "were", "2/48", "(", "4", "%", ")", "and", "10/49", "(", "20", "%", ")", "deaths", "with", "anastrozole", "and", "tamoxifen", ",", "respectively", ".", "Most", "patients", "responding", "to", "pre", "-", "operative", "therapy", "remained", "recurrence", "-", "free", ".", "Sequential", "pre", "-", "operative", "/", "post", "-", "operative", "treatment", "with", "anastrozole", "resulted", "in", "lower", "recurrence", "and", "death", "rates", ",", "compared", "with", "tamoxifen", "." ]	[ "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Sample-size", "Outcome_Physical", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Control", "Outcome_Adverse-effects" ]
breast cancer patients, pre - operative and post - operative anastrozole or tamoxifen, efficacy outcomes, Arimidex, Tamoxifen, pre - operative ( 3 months ) and post - operative ( 5 years ) adjuvant treatment, locally - advanced breast cancer, tamoxifen placebo, anastrozole placebo, adjuvant therapy, recurrence, Recurrence - free survival, overall survival, death, adverse events, recurrence - free survival	53056_task2	Sentence: Outcomes of Japanese breast cancer patients treated with pre-operative and post-operative anastrozole or tamoxifen . The present study examined long-term efficacy outcomes in a subgroup of postmenopausal , estrogen receptor-positive Japanese breast cancer patients from the Pre-Operative " Arimidex " Compared with Tamoxifen trial , following pre-operative ( 3 months ) and post-operative ( 5 years ) adjuvant treatment with either anastrozole or tamoxifen . Patients with large , potentially operable , locally-advanced breast cancer were randomized to receive anastrozole ( 1 mg/day ) plus tamoxifen placebo or tamoxifen ( 20 mg/day ) plus anastrozole placebo pre-operatively . After surgery at 3 months , patients continued on the same study medication as adjuvant therapy for up to 5 years or until recurrence , intolerable toxicity or withdrawal of patient consent . Recurrence-free survival and overall survival were measured from the date of randomization to the date of recurrence or death , whichever occurred first . Patients were monitored for adverse events throughout the study period and up to 30 days following administration of the last study medication . During post-operative adjuvant therapy , 4/48 ( 8 % ) anastrozole and 25/49 ( 51 % ) tamoxifen patients experienced recurrence . There was a significant difference in recurrence-free survival between the two groups ( hazard ratio 0.14 ; 95 % confidence interval 0.05-0.41 ; P = 0.0003 ) . There was a significant increase in overall survival with anastrozole ( 0.21 ; 0.05-0.96 ; P = 0.0436 ) and there were 2/48 ( 4 % ) and 10/49 ( 20 % ) deaths with anastrozole and tamoxifen , respectively . Most patients responding to pre-operative therapy remained recurrence-free . Sequential pre-operative/post-operative treatment with anastrozole resulted in lower recurrence and death rates , compared with tamoxifen . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Outcomes of Japanese breast cancer patients treated with pre-operative and post-operative anastrozole or tamoxifen . The present study examined long-term efficacy outcomes in a subgroup of postmenopausal , estrogen receptor-positive Japanese breast cancer patients from the Pre-Operative " Arimidex " Compared with Tamoxifen trial , following pre-operative ( 3 months ) and post-operative ( 5 years ) adjuvant treatment with either anastrozole or tamoxifen . Patients with large , potentially operable , locally-advanced breast cancer were randomized to receive anastrozole ( 1 mg/day ) plus tamoxifen placebo or tamoxifen ( 20 mg/day ) plus anastrozole placebo pre-operatively . After surgery at 3 months , patients continued on the same study medication as adjuvant therapy for up to 5 years or until recurrence , intolerable toxicity or withdrawal of patient consent . Recurrence-free survival and overall survival were measured from the date of randomization to the date of recurrence or death , whichever occurred first . Patients were monitored for adverse events throughout the study period and up to 30 days following administration of the last study medication . During post-operative adjuvant therapy , 4/48 ( 8 % ) anastrozole and 25/49 ( 51 % ) tamoxifen patients experienced recurrence . There was a significant difference in recurrence-free survival between the two groups ( hazard ratio 0.14 ; 95 % confidence interval 0.05-0.41 ; P = 0.0003 ) . There was a significant increase in overall survival with anastrozole ( 0.21 ; 0.05-0.96 ; P = 0.0436 ) and there were 2/48 ( 4 % ) and 10/49 ( 20 % ) deaths with anastrozole and tamoxifen , respectively . Most patients responding to pre-operative therapy remained recurrence-free . Sequential pre-operative/post-operative treatment with anastrozole resulted in lower recurrence and death rates , compared with tamoxifen .	[ "Outcomes", "of", "Japanese", "breast", "cancer", "patients", "treated", "with", "pre", "-", "operative", "and", "post", "-", "operative", "anastrozole", "or", "tamoxifen", ".", "The", "present", "study", "examined", "long", "-", "term", "efficacy", "outcomes", "in", "a", "subgroup", "of", "postmenopausal", ",", "estrogen", "receptor", "-", "positive", "Japanese", "breast", "cancer", "patients", "from", "the", "Pre", "-", "Operative", "\"", "Arimidex", "\"", "Compared", "with", "Tamoxifen", "trial", ",", "following", "pre", "-", "operative", "(", "3", "months", ")", "and", "post", "-", "operative", "(", "5", "years", ")", "adjuvant", "treatment", "with", "either", "anastrozole", "or", "tamoxifen", ".", "Patients", "with", "large", ",", "potentially", "operable", ",", "locally", "-", "advanced", "breast", "cancer", "were", "randomized", "to", "receive", "anastrozole", "(", "1", "mg", "/", "day", ")", "plus", "tamoxifen", "placebo", "or", "tamoxifen", "(", "20", "mg", "/", "day", ")", "plus", "anastrozole", "placebo", "pre", "-", "operatively", ".", "After", "surgery", "at", "3", "months", ",", "patients", "continued", "on", "the", "same", "study", "medication", "as", "adjuvant", "therapy", "for", "up", "to", "5", "years", "or", "until", "recurrence", ",", "intolerable", "toxicity", "or", "withdrawal", "of", "patient", "consent", ".", "Recurrence", "-", "free", "survival", "and", "overall", "survival", "were", "measured", "from", "the", "date", "of", "randomization", "to", "the", "date", "of", "recurrence", "or", "death", ",", "whichever", "occurred", "first", ".", "Patients", "were", "monitored", "for", "adverse", "events", "throughout", "the", "study", "period", "and", "up", "to", "30", "days", "following", "administration", "of", "the", "last", "study", "medication", ".", "During", "post", "-", "operative", "adjuvant", "therapy", ",", "4/48", "(", "8", "%", ")", "anastrozole", "and", "25/49", "(", "51", "%", ")", "tamoxifen", "patients", "experienced", "recurrence", ".", "There", "was", "a", "significant", "difference", "in", "recurrence", "-", "free", "survival", "between", "the", "two", "groups", "(", "hazard", "ratio", "0.14", ";", "95", "%", "confidence", "interval", "0.05", "-", "0.41", ";", "P", "=", "0.0003", ")", ".", "There", "was", "a", "significant", "increase", "in", "overall", "survival", "with", "anastrozole", "(", "0.21", ";", "0.05", "-", "0.96", ";", "P", "=", "0.0436", ")", "and", "there", "were", "2/48", "(", "4", "%", ")", "and", "10/49", "(", "20", "%", ")", "deaths", "with", "anastrozole", "and", "tamoxifen", ",", "respectively", ".", "Most", "patients", "responding", "to", "pre", "-", "operative", "therapy", "remained", "recurrence", "-", "free", ".", "Sequential", "pre", "-", "operative", "/", "post", "-", "operative", "treatment", "with", "anastrozole", "resulted", "in", "lower", "recurrence", "and", "death", "rates", ",", "compared", "with", "tamoxifen", "." ]	[ "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Sample-size", "Outcome_Physical", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Control", "Outcome_Adverse-effects" ]
organ is a Organ, lipoplex is a Drug_or_compound, serum is a Organism_substance, murine is a Organism, lipoplexes is a Drug_or_compound, mice is a Organism, lungs is a Organ, lipoplexes is a Drug_or_compound, lung vascular tree is a Multi-tissue_structure, organs is a Organ, mouse is a Organism, tissue is a Tissue, liver is a Organ, Tail vein is a Multi-tissue_structure, N-(1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl)-N , N , N - trimethylammonium chloride ( DOTAP)/cholesterol lipoplexes is a Drug_or_compound, lipoplex is a Drug_or_compound, liver is a Organ, luciferase is a Gene_or_gene_product, lipoplex is a Drug_or_compound, organ is a Organ, lipoplexes is a Drug_or_compound, lungs is a Organ, serum is a Organism_substance, lung is a Organ, DOTAP is a Drug_or_compound, lipoplex is a Drug_or_compound, serum is a Organism_substance, lipid is a Drug_or_compound, lipoplexes is a Drug_or_compound, lipoplexes is a Drug_or_compound, cholesterol is a Drug_or_compound, lung cells is a Cell, lipoplexes is a Drug_or_compound, serum is a Organism_substance, cholesterol - based lipoplexes is a Drug_or_compound, Dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine - based lipoplexes is a Drug_or_compound, serum is a Organism_substance, lipoplex is a Drug_or_compound, serum is a Organism_substance, tissue is a Tissue	42_task0	Sentence: The role of organ vascularization and lipoplex-serum initial contact in intravenous murine lipofection. Following intravenous administration of cationic lipid-DNA complexes (lipoplexes) into mice, transfection (lipofection) occurs predominantly in the lungs. This was attributed to high entrapment of lipoplexes in the extended lung vascular tree. To determine whether lipofection in other organs could be enhanced by increasing the degree of vascularization, we used a transgenic mouse model with tissue-specific angiogenesis in liver. Tail vein injection of N-(1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride (DOTAP)/cholesterol lipoplexes resulted in increased lipoplex entrapment in hypervascularized liver but did not boost luciferase expression, suggesting that lipoplex delivery is not a sufficient condition for efficient organ lipofection. Because the intravenously injected lipoplexes migrated within seconds to lungs, we checked whether the effects of immediate contact with serum correlate with lung lipofection efficiency of different DOTAP-based formulations. Under conditions mimicking the injection environment, the lipoplex-serum interaction was strongly dependent on helper lipid and ionic strength: lipoplexes prepared in 150 mM NaCl or lipoplexes with high ( greater than 33 mol%) cholesterol were found to aggregate immediately. This aggregation process was irreversible and was inversely correlated with the percentage of lung cells that took up lipoplexes and with the efficiency of lipofection. No other structural changes in serum were observed for cholesterol-based lipoplexes. Dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine-based lipoplexes were found to give low expression, apparently because of an immediate loss of integrity in serum, without lipid-DNA dissociation. Our study suggests that efficient in vivo lipofection is the result of cross-talk between lipoplex composition, interaction with serum, hemodynamics, and target tissue "susceptibility" to transfection. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Tissue, Cell, Organ, Gene_or_gene_product, Organism, Drug_or_compound, Multi-tissue_structure, Organism_substance	[ "O", "O", "O", "B-Organ", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "B-Organism_substance", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organ", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "O", "B-Multi-tissue_structure", "I-Multi-tissue_structure", "I-Multi-tissue_structure", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organ", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "B-Tissue", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organ", "O", "B-Multi-tissue_structure", "I-Multi-tissue_structure", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organ", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene_or_gene_product", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organ", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organ", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism_substance", "O", "O", "B-Organ", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "B-Organism_substance", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism_substance", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism_substance", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism_substance", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Tissue", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	The role of organ vascularization and lipoplex-serum initial contact in intravenous murine lipofection. Following intravenous administration of cationic lipid-DNA complexes (lipoplexes) into mice, transfection (lipofection) occurs predominantly in the lungs. This was attributed to high entrapment of lipoplexes in the extended lung vascular tree. To determine whether lipofection in other organs could be enhanced by increasing the degree of vascularization, we used a transgenic mouse model with tissue-specific angiogenesis in liver. Tail vein injection of N-(1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride (DOTAP)/cholesterol lipoplexes resulted in increased lipoplex entrapment in hypervascularized liver but did not boost luciferase expression, suggesting that lipoplex delivery is not a sufficient condition for efficient organ lipofection. Because the intravenously injected lipoplexes migrated within seconds to lungs, we checked whether the effects of immediate contact with serum correlate with lung lipofection efficiency of different DOTAP-based formulations. Under conditions mimicking the injection environment, the lipoplex-serum interaction was strongly dependent on helper lipid and ionic strength: lipoplexes prepared in 150 mM NaCl or lipoplexes with high ( greater than 33 mol%) cholesterol were found to aggregate immediately. This aggregation process was irreversible and was inversely correlated with the percentage of lung cells that took up lipoplexes and with the efficiency of lipofection. No other structural changes in serum were observed for cholesterol-based lipoplexes. Dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine-based lipoplexes were found to give low expression, apparently because of an immediate loss of integrity in serum, without lipid-DNA dissociation. Our study suggests that efficient in vivo lipofection is the result of cross-talk between lipoplex composition, interaction with serum, hemodynamics, and target tissue "susceptibility" to transfection.	[ "The", "role", "of", "organ", "vascularization", "and", "lipoplex", "-", "serum", "initial", "contact", "in", "intravenous", "murine", "lipofection", ".", "\n\n", "Following", "intravenous", "administration", "of", "cationic", "lipid", "-", "DNA", "complexes", "(", "lipoplexes", ")", "into", "mice", ",", "transfection", "(", "lipofection", ")", "occurs", "predominantly", "in", "the", "lungs", ".", "This", "was", "attributed", "to", "high", "entrapment", "of", "lipoplexes", "in", "the", "extended", "lung", "vascular", "tree", ".", "To", "determine", "whether", "lipofection", "in", "other", "organs", "could", "be", "enhanced", "by", "increasing", "the", "degree", "of", "vascularization", ",", "we", "used", "a", "transgenic", "mouse", "model", "with", "tissue", "-", "specific", "angiogenesis", "in", "liver", ".", "Tail", "vein", "injection", "of", "N-(1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl)-N", ",", "N", ",", "N", "-", "trimethylammonium", "chloride", "(", "DOTAP)/cholesterol", "lipoplexes", "resulted", "in", "increased", "lipoplex", "entrapment", "in", "hypervascularized", "liver", "but", "did", "not", "boost", "luciferase", "expression", ",", "suggesting", "that", "lipoplex", "delivery", "is", "not", "a", "sufficient", "condition", "for", "efficient", "organ", "lipofection", ".", "Because", "the", "intravenously", "injected", "lipoplexes", "migrated", "within", "seconds", "to", "lungs", ",", "we", "checked", "whether", "the", "effects", "of", "immediate", "contact", "with", "serum", "correlate", "with", "lung", "lipofection", "efficiency", "of", "different", "DOTAP", "-", "based", "formulations", ".", "Under", "conditions", "mimicking", "the", "injection", "environment", ",", "the", "lipoplex", "-", "serum", "interaction", "was", "strongly", "dependent", "on", "helper", "lipid", "and", "ionic", "strength", ":", "lipoplexes", "prepared", "in", "150", "mM", "NaCl", "or", "lipoplexes", "with", "high", "(", "greater", "than", "33", "mol%", ")", "cholesterol", "were", "found", "to", "aggregate", "immediately", ".", "This", "aggregation", "process", "was", "irreversible", "and", "was", "inversely", "correlated", "with", "the", "percentage", "of", "lung", "cells", "that", "took", "up", "lipoplexes", "and", "with", "the", "efficiency", "of", "lipofection", ".", "No", "other", "structural", "changes", "in", "serum", "were", "observed", "for", "cholesterol", "-", "based", "lipoplexes", ".", "Dioleoyl", "phosphatidylethanolamine", "-", "based", "lipoplexes", "were", "found", "to", "give", "low", "expression", ",", "apparently", "because", "of", "an", "immediate", "loss", "of", "integrity", "in", "serum", ",", "without", "lipid", "-", "DNA", "dissociation", ".", "Our", "study", "suggests", "that", "efficient", "in", "vivo", "lipofection", "is", "the", "result", "of", "cross", "-", "talk", "between", "lipoplex", "composition", ",", "interaction", "with", "serum", ",", "hemodynamics", ",", "and", "target", "tissue", "\"", "susceptibility", "\"", "to", "transfection", ".", "\n" ]	[ "Drug_or_compound", "Multi-tissue_structure", "Cell", "Gene_or_gene_product", "Organism", "Organ", "Tissue", "Organism_substance" ]
organ is a Organ, lipoplex is a Drug_or_compound, serum is a Organism_substance, murine is a Organism, lipoplexes is a Drug_or_compound, mice is a Organism, lungs is a Organ, lipoplexes is a Drug_or_compound, lung vascular tree is a Multi-tissue_structure, organs is a Organ, mouse is a Organism, tissue is a Tissue, liver is a Organ, Tail vein is a Multi-tissue_structure, N-(1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl)-N , N , N - trimethylammonium chloride ( DOTAP)/cholesterol lipoplexes is a Drug_or_compound, lipoplex is a Drug_or_compound, liver is a Organ, luciferase is a Gene_or_gene_product, lipoplex is a Drug_or_compound, organ is a Organ, lipoplexes is a Drug_or_compound, lungs is a Organ, serum is a Organism_substance, lung is a Organ, DOTAP is a Drug_or_compound, lipoplex is a Drug_or_compound, serum is a Organism_substance, lipid is a Drug_or_compound, lipoplexes is a Drug_or_compound, lipoplexes is a Drug_or_compound, cholesterol is a Drug_or_compound, lung cells is a Cell, lipoplexes is a Drug_or_compound, serum is a Organism_substance, cholesterol - based lipoplexes is a Drug_or_compound, Dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine - based lipoplexes is a Drug_or_compound, serum is a Organism_substance, lipoplex is a Drug_or_compound, serum is a Organism_substance, tissue is a Tissue	42_task1	Sentence: The role of organ vascularization and lipoplex-serum initial contact in intravenous murine lipofection. Following intravenous administration of cationic lipid-DNA complexes (lipoplexes) into mice, transfection (lipofection) occurs predominantly in the lungs. This was attributed to high entrapment of lipoplexes in the extended lung vascular tree. To determine whether lipofection in other organs could be enhanced by increasing the degree of vascularization, we used a transgenic mouse model with tissue-specific angiogenesis in liver. Tail vein injection of N-(1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride (DOTAP)/cholesterol lipoplexes resulted in increased lipoplex entrapment in hypervascularized liver but did not boost luciferase expression, suggesting that lipoplex delivery is not a sufficient condition for efficient organ lipofection. Because the intravenously injected lipoplexes migrated within seconds to lungs, we checked whether the effects of immediate contact with serum correlate with lung lipofection efficiency of different DOTAP-based formulations. Under conditions mimicking the injection environment, the lipoplex-serum interaction was strongly dependent on helper lipid and ionic strength: lipoplexes prepared in 150 mM NaCl or lipoplexes with high ( greater than 33 mol%) cholesterol were found to aggregate immediately. This aggregation process was irreversible and was inversely correlated with the percentage of lung cells that took up lipoplexes and with the efficiency of lipofection. No other structural changes in serum were observed for cholesterol-based lipoplexes. Dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine-based lipoplexes were found to give low expression, apparently because of an immediate loss of integrity in serum, without lipid-DNA dissociation. Our study suggests that efficient in vivo lipofection is the result of cross-talk between lipoplex composition, interaction with serum, hemodynamics, and target tissue "susceptibility" to transfection. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: organ, lipoplex, serum, murine, lipoplexes, mice, lungs, lipoplexes, lung vascular tree, organs, mouse, tissue, liver, Tail vein, N-(1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl)-N , N , N - trimethylammonium chloride ( DOTAP)/cholesterol lipoplexes, lipoplex, liver, luciferase, lipoplex, organ, lipoplexes, lungs, serum, lung, DOTAP, lipoplex, serum, lipid, lipoplexes, lipoplexes, cholesterol, lung cells, lipoplexes, serum, cholesterol - based lipoplexes, Dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine - based lipoplexes, serum, lipoplex, serum, tissue Options: Tissue, Cell, Organ, Gene_or_gene_product, Organism, Drug_or_compound, Multi-tissue_structure, Organism_substance	[ "O", "O", "O", "B-Organ", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "B-Organism_substance", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organ", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "O", "B-Multi-tissue_structure", "I-Multi-tissue_structure", "I-Multi-tissue_structure", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organ", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "B-Tissue", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organ", "O", "B-Multi-tissue_structure", "I-Multi-tissue_structure", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organ", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene_or_gene_product", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organ", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organ", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism_substance", "O", "O", "B-Organ", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "B-Organism_substance", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism_substance", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism_substance", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism_substance", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Tissue", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	The role of organ vascularization and lipoplex-serum initial contact in intravenous murine lipofection. Following intravenous administration of cationic lipid-DNA complexes (lipoplexes) into mice, transfection (lipofection) occurs predominantly in the lungs. This was attributed to high entrapment of lipoplexes in the extended lung vascular tree. To determine whether lipofection in other organs could be enhanced by increasing the degree of vascularization, we used a transgenic mouse model with tissue-specific angiogenesis in liver. Tail vein injection of N-(1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride (DOTAP)/cholesterol lipoplexes resulted in increased lipoplex entrapment in hypervascularized liver but did not boost luciferase expression, suggesting that lipoplex delivery is not a sufficient condition for efficient organ lipofection. Because the intravenously injected lipoplexes migrated within seconds to lungs, we checked whether the effects of immediate contact with serum correlate with lung lipofection efficiency of different DOTAP-based formulations. Under conditions mimicking the injection environment, the lipoplex-serum interaction was strongly dependent on helper lipid and ionic strength: lipoplexes prepared in 150 mM NaCl or lipoplexes with high ( greater than 33 mol%) cholesterol were found to aggregate immediately. This aggregation process was irreversible and was inversely correlated with the percentage of lung cells that took up lipoplexes and with the efficiency of lipofection. No other structural changes in serum were observed for cholesterol-based lipoplexes. Dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine-based lipoplexes were found to give low expression, apparently because of an immediate loss of integrity in serum, without lipid-DNA dissociation. Our study suggests that efficient in vivo lipofection is the result of cross-talk between lipoplex composition, interaction with serum, hemodynamics, and target tissue "susceptibility" to transfection.	[ "The", "role", "of", "organ", "vascularization", "and", "lipoplex", "-", "serum", "initial", "contact", "in", "intravenous", "murine", "lipofection", ".", "\n\n", "Following", "intravenous", "administration", "of", "cationic", "lipid", "-", "DNA", "complexes", "(", "lipoplexes", ")", "into", "mice", ",", "transfection", "(", "lipofection", ")", "occurs", "predominantly", "in", "the", "lungs", ".", "This", "was", "attributed", "to", "high", "entrapment", "of", "lipoplexes", "in", "the", "extended", "lung", "vascular", "tree", ".", "To", "determine", "whether", "lipofection", "in", "other", "organs", "could", "be", "enhanced", "by", "increasing", "the", "degree", "of", "vascularization", ",", "we", "used", "a", "transgenic", "mouse", "model", "with", "tissue", "-", "specific", "angiogenesis", "in", "liver", ".", "Tail", "vein", "injection", "of", "N-(1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl)-N", ",", "N", ",", "N", "-", "trimethylammonium", "chloride", "(", "DOTAP)/cholesterol", "lipoplexes", "resulted", "in", "increased", "lipoplex", "entrapment", "in", "hypervascularized", "liver", "but", "did", "not", "boost", "luciferase", "expression", ",", "suggesting", "that", "lipoplex", "delivery", "is", "not", "a", "sufficient", "condition", "for", "efficient", "organ", "lipofection", ".", "Because", "the", "intravenously", "injected", "lipoplexes", "migrated", "within", "seconds", "to", "lungs", ",", "we", "checked", "whether", "the", "effects", "of", "immediate", "contact", "with", "serum", "correlate", "with", "lung", "lipofection", "efficiency", "of", "different", "DOTAP", "-", "based", "formulations", ".", "Under", "conditions", "mimicking", "the", "injection", "environment", ",", "the", "lipoplex", "-", "serum", "interaction", "was", "strongly", "dependent", "on", "helper", "lipid", "and", "ionic", "strength", ":", "lipoplexes", "prepared", "in", "150", "mM", "NaCl", "or", "lipoplexes", "with", "high", "(", "greater", "than", "33", "mol%", ")", "cholesterol", "were", "found", "to", "aggregate", "immediately", ".", "This", "aggregation", "process", "was", "irreversible", "and", "was", "inversely", "correlated", "with", "the", "percentage", "of", "lung", "cells", "that", "took", "up", "lipoplexes", "and", "with", "the", "efficiency", "of", "lipofection", ".", "No", "other", "structural", "changes", "in", "serum", "were", "observed", "for", "cholesterol", "-", "based", "lipoplexes", ".", "Dioleoyl", "phosphatidylethanolamine", "-", "based", "lipoplexes", "were", "found", "to", "give", "low", "expression", ",", "apparently", "because", "of", "an", "immediate", "loss", "of", "integrity", "in", "serum", ",", "without", "lipid", "-", "DNA", "dissociation", ".", "Our", "study", "suggests", "that", "efficient", "in", "vivo", "lipofection", "is", "the", "result", "of", "cross", "-", "talk", "between", "lipoplex", "composition", ",", "interaction", "with", "serum", ",", "hemodynamics", ",", "and", "target", "tissue", "\"", "susceptibility", "\"", "to", "transfection", ".", "\n" ]	[ "Drug_or_compound", "Multi-tissue_structure", "Cell", "Gene_or_gene_product", "Organism", "Organ", "Tissue", "Organism_substance" ]
organ, lipoplex, serum, murine, lipoplexes, mice, lungs, lipoplexes, lung vascular tree, organs, mouse, tissue, liver, Tail vein, N-(1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl)-N , N , N - trimethylammonium chloride ( DOTAP)/cholesterol lipoplexes, lipoplex, liver, luciferase, lipoplex, organ, lipoplexes, lungs, serum, lung, DOTAP, lipoplex, serum, lipid, lipoplexes, lipoplexes, cholesterol, lung cells, lipoplexes, serum, cholesterol - based lipoplexes, Dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine - based lipoplexes, serum, lipoplex, serum, tissue	42_task2	Sentence: The role of organ vascularization and lipoplex-serum initial contact in intravenous murine lipofection. Following intravenous administration of cationic lipid-DNA complexes (lipoplexes) into mice, transfection (lipofection) occurs predominantly in the lungs. This was attributed to high entrapment of lipoplexes in the extended lung vascular tree. To determine whether lipofection in other organs could be enhanced by increasing the degree of vascularization, we used a transgenic mouse model with tissue-specific angiogenesis in liver. Tail vein injection of N-(1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride (DOTAP)/cholesterol lipoplexes resulted in increased lipoplex entrapment in hypervascularized liver but did not boost luciferase expression, suggesting that lipoplex delivery is not a sufficient condition for efficient organ lipofection. Because the intravenously injected lipoplexes migrated within seconds to lungs, we checked whether the effects of immediate contact with serum correlate with lung lipofection efficiency of different DOTAP-based formulations. Under conditions mimicking the injection environment, the lipoplex-serum interaction was strongly dependent on helper lipid and ionic strength: lipoplexes prepared in 150 mM NaCl or lipoplexes with high ( greater than 33 mol%) cholesterol were found to aggregate immediately. This aggregation process was irreversible and was inversely correlated with the percentage of lung cells that took up lipoplexes and with the efficiency of lipofection. No other structural changes in serum were observed for cholesterol-based lipoplexes. Dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine-based lipoplexes were found to give low expression, apparently because of an immediate loss of integrity in serum, without lipid-DNA dissociation. Our study suggests that efficient in vivo lipofection is the result of cross-talk between lipoplex composition, interaction with serum, hemodynamics, and target tissue "susceptibility" to transfection. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "B-Organ", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "B-Organism_substance", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organ", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "O", "B-Multi-tissue_structure", "I-Multi-tissue_structure", "I-Multi-tissue_structure", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organ", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "B-Tissue", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organ", "O", "B-Multi-tissue_structure", "I-Multi-tissue_structure", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organ", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene_or_gene_product", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organ", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organ", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism_substance", "O", "O", "B-Organ", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "B-Organism_substance", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism_substance", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "I-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism_substance", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug_or_compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism_substance", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Tissue", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	The role of organ vascularization and lipoplex-serum initial contact in intravenous murine lipofection. Following intravenous administration of cationic lipid-DNA complexes (lipoplexes) into mice, transfection (lipofection) occurs predominantly in the lungs. This was attributed to high entrapment of lipoplexes in the extended lung vascular tree. To determine whether lipofection in other organs could be enhanced by increasing the degree of vascularization, we used a transgenic mouse model with tissue-specific angiogenesis in liver. Tail vein injection of N-(1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride (DOTAP)/cholesterol lipoplexes resulted in increased lipoplex entrapment in hypervascularized liver but did not boost luciferase expression, suggesting that lipoplex delivery is not a sufficient condition for efficient organ lipofection. Because the intravenously injected lipoplexes migrated within seconds to lungs, we checked whether the effects of immediate contact with serum correlate with lung lipofection efficiency of different DOTAP-based formulations. Under conditions mimicking the injection environment, the lipoplex-serum interaction was strongly dependent on helper lipid and ionic strength: lipoplexes prepared in 150 mM NaCl or lipoplexes with high ( greater than 33 mol%) cholesterol were found to aggregate immediately. This aggregation process was irreversible and was inversely correlated with the percentage of lung cells that took up lipoplexes and with the efficiency of lipofection. No other structural changes in serum were observed for cholesterol-based lipoplexes. Dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine-based lipoplexes were found to give low expression, apparently because of an immediate loss of integrity in serum, without lipid-DNA dissociation. Our study suggests that efficient in vivo lipofection is the result of cross-talk between lipoplex composition, interaction with serum, hemodynamics, and target tissue "susceptibility" to transfection.	[ "The", "role", "of", "organ", "vascularization", "and", "lipoplex", "-", "serum", "initial", "contact", "in", "intravenous", "murine", "lipofection", ".", "\n\n", "Following", "intravenous", "administration", "of", "cationic", "lipid", "-", "DNA", "complexes", "(", "lipoplexes", ")", "into", "mice", ",", "transfection", "(", "lipofection", ")", "occurs", "predominantly", "in", "the", "lungs", ".", "This", "was", "attributed", "to", "high", "entrapment", "of", "lipoplexes", "in", "the", "extended", "lung", "vascular", "tree", ".", "To", "determine", "whether", "lipofection", "in", "other", "organs", "could", "be", "enhanced", "by", "increasing", "the", "degree", "of", "vascularization", ",", "we", "used", "a", "transgenic", "mouse", "model", "with", "tissue", "-", "specific", "angiogenesis", "in", "liver", ".", "Tail", "vein", "injection", "of", "N-(1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl)-N", ",", "N", ",", "N", "-", "trimethylammonium", "chloride", "(", "DOTAP)/cholesterol", "lipoplexes", "resulted", "in", "increased", "lipoplex", "entrapment", "in", "hypervascularized", "liver", "but", "did", "not", "boost", "luciferase", "expression", ",", "suggesting", "that", "lipoplex", "delivery", "is", "not", "a", "sufficient", "condition", "for", "efficient", "organ", "lipofection", ".", "Because", "the", "intravenously", "injected", "lipoplexes", "migrated", "within", "seconds", "to", "lungs", ",", "we", "checked", "whether", "the", "effects", "of", "immediate", "contact", "with", "serum", "correlate", "with", "lung", "lipofection", "efficiency", "of", "different", "DOTAP", "-", "based", "formulations", ".", "Under", "conditions", "mimicking", "the", "injection", "environment", ",", "the", "lipoplex", "-", "serum", "interaction", "was", "strongly", "dependent", "on", "helper", "lipid", "and", "ionic", "strength", ":", "lipoplexes", "prepared", "in", "150", "mM", "NaCl", "or", "lipoplexes", "with", "high", "(", "greater", "than", "33", "mol%", ")", "cholesterol", "were", "found", "to", "aggregate", "immediately", ".", "This", "aggregation", "process", "was", "irreversible", "and", "was", "inversely", "correlated", "with", "the", "percentage", "of", "lung", "cells", "that", "took", "up", "lipoplexes", "and", "with", "the", "efficiency", "of", "lipofection", ".", "No", "other", "structural", "changes", "in", "serum", "were", "observed", "for", "cholesterol", "-", "based", "lipoplexes", ".", "Dioleoyl", "phosphatidylethanolamine", "-", "based", "lipoplexes", "were", "found", "to", "give", "low", "expression", ",", "apparently", "because", "of", "an", "immediate", "loss", "of", "integrity", "in", "serum", ",", "without", "lipid", "-", "DNA", "dissociation", ".", "Our", "study", "suggests", "that", "efficient", "in", "vivo", "lipofection", "is", "the", "result", "of", "cross", "-", "talk", "between", "lipoplex", "composition", ",", "interaction", "with", "serum", ",", "hemodynamics", ",", "and", "target", "tissue", "\"", "susceptibility", "\"", "to", "transfection", ".", "\n" ]	[ "Drug_or_compound", "Multi-tissue_structure", "Cell", "Gene_or_gene_product", "Organism", "Organ", "Tissue", "Organism_substance" ]
relapse of NSCLC is a Outcome_Physical, second - line chemotherapy is a Intervention_Physical, platinum - based regimen is a Intervention_Pharmacological, mono chemotherapy docetaxel is a Intervention_Pharmacological, docetaxel cisplatin doublet is a Intervention_Pharmacological, docetaxel alone is a Intervention_Pharmacological, progression free survival is a Outcome_Mortality	34599_task0	Sentence: [ How to treat the relapse of NSCLC after surgery and chemotherapy ? IFTC 0702 randomized phase III study ] . BACKGROUND As chemotherapy gains wider acceptance for the treatment of earlier stages of NSCLC , particularly in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting , physicians face a growing population of high performance status patients who have relapsed after their first-line chemotherapy . The type of second-line chemotherapy after initial adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment with a platinum-based regimen remains largely undefined . The current study has been designed to compare the classical mono chemotherapy docetaxel with a docetaxel cisplatin doublet . METHODS Patients will be randomized in 2 arms . Arm : docetaxel cisplatin ( cycles repeated every 21 days ) , 4 cycles followed by 2 cycles of docetaxel alone in case of objective response or stabilisation . Arm B : docetaxel alone ( cycles repeated every 21 days ) , 4 cycles followed by 2 cycles of docetaxel alone in case of objective response or stabilisation . EXPECTED RESULTS 300 patients will be randomized with a statistical hypothesis of a progression free survival of 3 months in the control arm and of 4.5 months in the experimental arm . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Physical, Intervention_Pharmacological, Outcome_Physical, Outcome_Mortality	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mortality", "I-Outcome_Mortality", "I-Outcome_Mortality", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	[ How to treat the relapse of NSCLC after surgery and chemotherapy ? IFTC 0702 randomized phase III study ] . BACKGROUND As chemotherapy gains wider acceptance for the treatment of earlier stages of NSCLC , particularly in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting , physicians face a growing population of high performance status patients who have relapsed after their first-line chemotherapy . The type of second-line chemotherapy after initial adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment with a platinum-based regimen remains largely undefined . The current study has been designed to compare the classical mono chemotherapy docetaxel with a docetaxel cisplatin doublet . METHODS Patients will be randomized in 2 arms . Arm : docetaxel cisplatin ( cycles repeated every 21 days ) , 4 cycles followed by 2 cycles of docetaxel alone in case of objective response or stabilisation . Arm B : docetaxel alone ( cycles repeated every 21 days ) , 4 cycles followed by 2 cycles of docetaxel alone in case of objective response or stabilisation . EXPECTED RESULTS 300 patients will be randomized with a statistical hypothesis of a progression free survival of 3 months in the control arm and of 4.5 months in the experimental arm .	[ "[", "How", "to", "treat", "the", "relapse", "of", "NSCLC", "after", "surgery", "and", "chemotherapy", "?", "IFTC", "0702", "randomized", "phase", "III", "study", "]", ".", "BACKGROUND", "As", "chemotherapy", "gains", "wider", "acceptance", "for", "the", "treatment", "of", "earlier", "stages", "of", "NSCLC", ",", "particularly", "in", "the", "adjuvant", "and", "neoadjuvant", "setting", ",", "physicians", "face", "a", "growing", "population", "of", "high", "performance", "status", "patients", "who", "have", "relapsed", "after", "their", "first", "-", "line", "chemotherapy", ".", "The", "type", "of", "second", "-", "line", "chemotherapy", "after", "initial", "adjuvant", "or", "neoadjuvant", "treatment", "with", "a", "platinum", "-", "based", "regimen", "remains", "largely", "undefined", ".", "The", "current", "study", "has", "been", "designed", "to", "compare", "the", "classical", "mono", "chemotherapy", "docetaxel", "with", "a", "docetaxel", "cisplatin", "doublet", ".", "METHODS", "Patients", "will", "be", "randomized", "in", "2", "arms", ".", "Arm", ":", "docetaxel", "cisplatin", "(", "cycles", "repeated", "every", "21", "days", ")", ",", "4", "cycles", "followed", "by", "2", "cycles", "of", "docetaxel", "alone", "in", "case", "of", "objective", "response", "or", "stabilisation", ".", "Arm", "B", ":", "docetaxel", "alone", "(", "cycles", "repeated", "every", "21", "days", ")", ",", "4", "cycles", "followed", "by", "2", "cycles", "of", "docetaxel", "alone", "in", "case", "of", "objective", "response", "or", "stabilisation", ".", "EXPECTED", "RESULTS", "300", "patients", "will", "be", "randomized", "with", "a", "statistical", "hypothesis", "of", "a", "progression", "free", "survival", "of", "3", "months", "in", "the", "control", "arm", "and", "of", "4.5", "months", "in", "the", "experimental", "arm", "." ]	[ "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Outcome_Mortality", "Intervention_Physical", "Outcome_Physical" ]
relapse of NSCLC is a Outcome_Physical, second - line chemotherapy is a Intervention_Physical, platinum - based regimen is a Intervention_Pharmacological, mono chemotherapy docetaxel is a Intervention_Pharmacological, docetaxel cisplatin doublet is a Intervention_Pharmacological, docetaxel alone is a Intervention_Pharmacological, progression free survival is a Outcome_Mortality	34599_task1	Sentence: [ How to treat the relapse of NSCLC after surgery and chemotherapy ? IFTC 0702 randomized phase III study ] . BACKGROUND As chemotherapy gains wider acceptance for the treatment of earlier stages of NSCLC , particularly in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting , physicians face a growing population of high performance status patients who have relapsed after their first-line chemotherapy . The type of second-line chemotherapy after initial adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment with a platinum-based regimen remains largely undefined . The current study has been designed to compare the classical mono chemotherapy docetaxel with a docetaxel cisplatin doublet . METHODS Patients will be randomized in 2 arms . Arm : docetaxel cisplatin ( cycles repeated every 21 days ) , 4 cycles followed by 2 cycles of docetaxel alone in case of objective response or stabilisation . Arm B : docetaxel alone ( cycles repeated every 21 days ) , 4 cycles followed by 2 cycles of docetaxel alone in case of objective response or stabilisation . EXPECTED RESULTS 300 patients will be randomized with a statistical hypothesis of a progression free survival of 3 months in the control arm and of 4.5 months in the experimental arm . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: relapse of NSCLC, second - line chemotherapy, platinum - based regimen, mono chemotherapy docetaxel, docetaxel cisplatin doublet, docetaxel alone, progression free survival Options: Intervention_Physical, Intervention_Pharmacological, Outcome_Physical, Outcome_Mortality	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mortality", "I-Outcome_Mortality", "I-Outcome_Mortality", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	[ How to treat the relapse of NSCLC after surgery and chemotherapy ? IFTC 0702 randomized phase III study ] . BACKGROUND As chemotherapy gains wider acceptance for the treatment of earlier stages of NSCLC , particularly in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting , physicians face a growing population of high performance status patients who have relapsed after their first-line chemotherapy . The type of second-line chemotherapy after initial adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment with a platinum-based regimen remains largely undefined . The current study has been designed to compare the classical mono chemotherapy docetaxel with a docetaxel cisplatin doublet . METHODS Patients will be randomized in 2 arms . Arm : docetaxel cisplatin ( cycles repeated every 21 days ) , 4 cycles followed by 2 cycles of docetaxel alone in case of objective response or stabilisation . Arm B : docetaxel alone ( cycles repeated every 21 days ) , 4 cycles followed by 2 cycles of docetaxel alone in case of objective response or stabilisation . EXPECTED RESULTS 300 patients will be randomized with a statistical hypothesis of a progression free survival of 3 months in the control arm and of 4.5 months in the experimental arm .	[ "[", "How", "to", "treat", "the", "relapse", "of", "NSCLC", "after", "surgery", "and", "chemotherapy", "?", "IFTC", "0702", "randomized", "phase", "III", "study", "]", ".", "BACKGROUND", "As", "chemotherapy", "gains", "wider", "acceptance", "for", "the", "treatment", "of", "earlier", "stages", "of", "NSCLC", ",", "particularly", "in", "the", "adjuvant", "and", "neoadjuvant", "setting", ",", "physicians", "face", "a", "growing", "population", "of", "high", "performance", "status", "patients", "who", "have", "relapsed", "after", "their", "first", "-", "line", "chemotherapy", ".", "The", "type", "of", "second", "-", "line", "chemotherapy", "after", "initial", "adjuvant", "or", "neoadjuvant", "treatment", "with", "a", "platinum", "-", "based", "regimen", "remains", "largely", "undefined", ".", "The", "current", "study", "has", "been", "designed", "to", "compare", "the", "classical", "mono", "chemotherapy", "docetaxel", "with", "a", "docetaxel", "cisplatin", "doublet", ".", "METHODS", "Patients", "will", "be", "randomized", "in", "2", "arms", ".", "Arm", ":", "docetaxel", "cisplatin", "(", "cycles", "repeated", "every", "21", "days", ")", ",", "4", "cycles", "followed", "by", "2", "cycles", "of", "docetaxel", "alone", "in", "case", "of", "objective", "response", "or", "stabilisation", ".", "Arm", "B", ":", "docetaxel", "alone", "(", "cycles", "repeated", "every", "21", "days", ")", ",", "4", "cycles", "followed", "by", "2", "cycles", "of", "docetaxel", "alone", "in", "case", "of", "objective", "response", "or", "stabilisation", ".", "EXPECTED", "RESULTS", "300", "patients", "will", "be", "randomized", "with", "a", "statistical", "hypothesis", "of", "a", "progression", "free", "survival", "of", "3", "months", "in", "the", "control", "arm", "and", "of", "4.5", "months", "in", "the", "experimental", "arm", "." ]	[ "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Outcome_Mortality", "Intervention_Physical", "Outcome_Physical" ]
relapse of NSCLC, second - line chemotherapy, platinum - based regimen, mono chemotherapy docetaxel, docetaxel cisplatin doublet, docetaxel alone, progression free survival	34599_task2	Sentence: [ How to treat the relapse of NSCLC after surgery and chemotherapy ? IFTC 0702 randomized phase III study ] . BACKGROUND As chemotherapy gains wider acceptance for the treatment of earlier stages of NSCLC , particularly in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting , physicians face a growing population of high performance status patients who have relapsed after their first-line chemotherapy . The type of second-line chemotherapy after initial adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment with a platinum-based regimen remains largely undefined . The current study has been designed to compare the classical mono chemotherapy docetaxel with a docetaxel cisplatin doublet . METHODS Patients will be randomized in 2 arms . Arm : docetaxel cisplatin ( cycles repeated every 21 days ) , 4 cycles followed by 2 cycles of docetaxel alone in case of objective response or stabilisation . Arm B : docetaxel alone ( cycles repeated every 21 days ) , 4 cycles followed by 2 cycles of docetaxel alone in case of objective response or stabilisation . EXPECTED RESULTS 300 patients will be randomized with a statistical hypothesis of a progression free survival of 3 months in the control arm and of 4.5 months in the experimental arm . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mortality", "I-Outcome_Mortality", "I-Outcome_Mortality", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	[ How to treat the relapse of NSCLC after surgery and chemotherapy ? IFTC 0702 randomized phase III study ] . BACKGROUND As chemotherapy gains wider acceptance for the treatment of earlier stages of NSCLC , particularly in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting , physicians face a growing population of high performance status patients who have relapsed after their first-line chemotherapy . The type of second-line chemotherapy after initial adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment with a platinum-based regimen remains largely undefined . The current study has been designed to compare the classical mono chemotherapy docetaxel with a docetaxel cisplatin doublet . METHODS Patients will be randomized in 2 arms . Arm : docetaxel cisplatin ( cycles repeated every 21 days ) , 4 cycles followed by 2 cycles of docetaxel alone in case of objective response or stabilisation . Arm B : docetaxel alone ( cycles repeated every 21 days ) , 4 cycles followed by 2 cycles of docetaxel alone in case of objective response or stabilisation . EXPECTED RESULTS 300 patients will be randomized with a statistical hypothesis of a progression free survival of 3 months in the control arm and of 4.5 months in the experimental arm .	[ "[", "How", "to", "treat", "the", "relapse", "of", "NSCLC", "after", "surgery", "and", "chemotherapy", "?", "IFTC", "0702", "randomized", "phase", "III", "study", "]", ".", "BACKGROUND", "As", "chemotherapy", "gains", "wider", "acceptance", "for", "the", "treatment", "of", "earlier", "stages", "of", "NSCLC", ",", "particularly", "in", "the", "adjuvant", "and", "neoadjuvant", "setting", ",", "physicians", "face", "a", "growing", "population", "of", "high", "performance", "status", "patients", "who", "have", "relapsed", "after", "their", "first", "-", "line", "chemotherapy", ".", "The", "type", "of", "second", "-", "line", "chemotherapy", "after", "initial", "adjuvant", "or", "neoadjuvant", "treatment", "with", "a", "platinum", "-", "based", "regimen", "remains", "largely", "undefined", ".", "The", "current", "study", "has", "been", "designed", "to", "compare", "the", "classical", "mono", "chemotherapy", "docetaxel", "with", "a", "docetaxel", "cisplatin", "doublet", ".", "METHODS", "Patients", "will", "be", "randomized", "in", "2", "arms", ".", "Arm", ":", "docetaxel", "cisplatin", "(", "cycles", "repeated", "every", "21", "days", ")", ",", "4", "cycles", "followed", "by", "2", "cycles", "of", "docetaxel", "alone", "in", "case", "of", "objective", "response", "or", "stabilisation", ".", "Arm", "B", ":", "docetaxel", "alone", "(", "cycles", "repeated", "every", "21", "days", ")", ",", "4", "cycles", "followed", "by", "2", "cycles", "of", "docetaxel", "alone", "in", "case", "of", "objective", "response", "or", "stabilisation", ".", "EXPECTED", "RESULTS", "300", "patients", "will", "be", "randomized", "with", "a", "statistical", "hypothesis", "of", "a", "progression", "free", "survival", "of", "3", "months", "in", "the", "control", "arm", "and", "of", "4.5", "months", "in", "the", "experimental", "arm", "." ]	[ "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Outcome_Mortality", "Intervention_Physical", "Outcome_Physical" ]
Clinical is a Qualifier, radiologic diagnosis is a Qualifier, primary knee osteoarthritis is a Condition, Kellgren & Lawrence is a Measurement, I , II or III is a Value, Chronic pain is a Condition, at least 3 months prior is a Temporal, inclusion is a Reference_point, measured by VAS is a Qualifier, VAS is a Measurement, 4 or above is a Value, Absence is a Negation, skin injures is a Condition, infections is a Condition, tumor is a Condition, target knee is a Reference_point	NCT02904785_inc_task0	Sentence: Clinical and radiologic diagnosis of primary knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren & Lawrence I, II or III); Capability to understand the Informed Consent Form; Chronic pain for at least 3 months prior to inclusion, measured by VAS. (VAS 4 or above); Absence of skin injures, infections or tumor in the target knee; Availability to comply with the visits. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Temporal, Condition, Qualifier, Value, Negation, Reference_point, Measurement	[ "B-Qualifier", "O", "B-Qualifier", "I-Qualifier", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "O", "B-Reference_point", "O", "B-Qualifier", "I-Qualifier", "I-Qualifier", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "O", "O", "O", "B-Negation", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "O", "B-Reference_point", "I-Reference_point", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Clinical and radiologic diagnosis of primary knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren & Lawrence I, II or III); Capability to understand the Informed Consent Form; Chronic pain for at least 3 months prior to inclusion, measured by VAS. (VAS 4 or above); Absence of skin injures, infections or tumor in the target knee; Availability to comply with the visits.	[ "Clinical", "and", "radiologic", "diagnosis", "of", "primary", "knee", "osteoarthritis", "(", "Kellgren", "&", "Lawrence", "I", ",", "II", "or", "III", ")", ";", "\n", "Capability", "to", "understand", "the", "Informed", "Consent", "Form", ";", "\n", "Chronic", "pain", "for", "at", "least", "3", "months", "prior", "to", "inclusion", ",", "measured", "by", "VAS", ".", "(", "VAS", "4", "or", "above", ")", ";", "\n", "Absence", "of", "skin", "injures", ",", "infections", "or", "tumor", "in", "the", "target", "knee", ";", "\n", "Availability", "to", "comply", "with", "the", "visits", ".", "\n" ]	[ "Condition", "Temporal", "Qualifier", "Measurement", "Value", "Reference_point", "Negation", "Procedure" ]
Clinical is a Qualifier, radiologic diagnosis is a Qualifier, primary knee osteoarthritis is a Condition, Kellgren & Lawrence is a Measurement, I , II or III is a Value, Chronic pain is a Condition, at least 3 months prior is a Temporal, inclusion is a Reference_point, measured by VAS is a Qualifier, VAS is a Measurement, 4 or above is a Value, Absence is a Negation, skin injures is a Condition, infections is a Condition, tumor is a Condition, target knee is a Reference_point	NCT02904785_inc_task1	Sentence: Clinical and radiologic diagnosis of primary knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren & Lawrence I, II or III); Capability to understand the Informed Consent Form; Chronic pain for at least 3 months prior to inclusion, measured by VAS. (VAS 4 or above); Absence of skin injures, infections or tumor in the target knee; Availability to comply with the visits. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Clinical, radiologic diagnosis, primary knee osteoarthritis, Kellgren & Lawrence, I , II or III, Chronic pain, at least 3 months prior, inclusion, measured by VAS, VAS, 4 or above, Absence, skin injures, infections, tumor, target knee Options: Temporal, Condition, Qualifier, Value, Negation, Reference_point, Measurement	[ "B-Qualifier", "O", "B-Qualifier", "I-Qualifier", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "O", "B-Reference_point", "O", "B-Qualifier", "I-Qualifier", "I-Qualifier", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "O", "O", "O", "B-Negation", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "O", "B-Reference_point", "I-Reference_point", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Clinical and radiologic diagnosis of primary knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren & Lawrence I, II or III); Capability to understand the Informed Consent Form; Chronic pain for at least 3 months prior to inclusion, measured by VAS. (VAS 4 or above); Absence of skin injures, infections or tumor in the target knee; Availability to comply with the visits.	[ "Clinical", "and", "radiologic", "diagnosis", "of", "primary", "knee", "osteoarthritis", "(", "Kellgren", "&", "Lawrence", "I", ",", "II", "or", "III", ")", ";", "\n", "Capability", "to", "understand", "the", "Informed", "Consent", "Form", ";", "\n", "Chronic", "pain", "for", "at", "least", "3", "months", "prior", "to", "inclusion", ",", "measured", "by", "VAS", ".", "(", "VAS", "4", "or", "above", ")", ";", "\n", "Absence", "of", "skin", "injures", ",", "infections", "or", "tumor", "in", "the", "target", "knee", ";", "\n", "Availability", "to", "comply", "with", "the", "visits", ".", "\n" ]	[ "Condition", "Temporal", "Qualifier", "Measurement", "Value", "Reference_point", "Negation", "Procedure" ]
Clinical, radiologic diagnosis, primary knee osteoarthritis, Kellgren & Lawrence, I , II or III, Chronic pain, at least 3 months prior, inclusion, measured by VAS, VAS, 4 or above, Absence, skin injures, infections, tumor, target knee	NCT02904785_inc_task2	Sentence: Clinical and radiologic diagnosis of primary knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren & Lawrence I, II or III); Capability to understand the Informed Consent Form; Chronic pain for at least 3 months prior to inclusion, measured by VAS. (VAS 4 or above); Absence of skin injures, infections or tumor in the target knee; Availability to comply with the visits. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "B-Qualifier", "O", "B-Qualifier", "I-Qualifier", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "O", "B-Reference_point", "O", "B-Qualifier", "I-Qualifier", "I-Qualifier", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "O", "O", "O", "B-Negation", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "O", "B-Reference_point", "I-Reference_point", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Clinical and radiologic diagnosis of primary knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren & Lawrence I, II or III); Capability to understand the Informed Consent Form; Chronic pain for at least 3 months prior to inclusion, measured by VAS. (VAS 4 or above); Absence of skin injures, infections or tumor in the target knee; Availability to comply with the visits.	[ "Clinical", "and", "radiologic", "diagnosis", "of", "primary", "knee", "osteoarthritis", "(", "Kellgren", "&", "Lawrence", "I", ",", "II", "or", "III", ")", ";", "\n", "Capability", "to", "understand", "the", "Informed", "Consent", "Form", ";", "\n", "Chronic", "pain", "for", "at", "least", "3", "months", "prior", "to", "inclusion", ",", "measured", "by", "VAS", ".", "(", "VAS", "4", "or", "above", ")", ";", "\n", "Absence", "of", "skin", "injures", ",", "infections", "or", "tumor", "in", "the", "target", "knee", ";", "\n", "Availability", "to", "comply", "with", "the", "visits", ".", "\n" ]	[ "Condition", "Temporal", "Qualifier", "Measurement", "Value", "Reference_point", "Negation", "Procedure" ]
Haematopoese is an umlsterm, Gleichgewichts is an umlsterm, Knochenmark is an umlsterm, Knochenmark is an umlsterm, Analyse is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Knochenmark is an umlsterm, Antikoerpers is an umlsterm, Antigene is an umlsterm, Zellen is an umlsterm, Knochenmark is an umlsterm, Analysen is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Ueberleben is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Knochenmark is an umlsterm, Haematopoese is an umlsterm	DerPathologe.00210055.ger.abstr_task0	Sentence: Apoptose und Proliferation stellen im Rahmen einer funktionsgerechten Regelung der Haematopoese einen integralen Bestandteil fuer die Aufrechterhaltung des zellulaeren Gleichgewichts im Knochenmark dar . Insofern ist die Dynamik des haematopoetischen Zellumsatzes durch diese beiden Parameter gekennzeichnet . Da weiterfuehrende Untersuchungen in dieser Hinsicht lediglich vereinzelt am Knochenmark durchgefuehrt worden sind , haben wir im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Analyse versucht , einige Aspekte dieses komplexen Mechanismus zu beleuchten . Insgesamt wurden 400 Patienten mit chronischen myeloproliferativen Erkrankungen ( CMPE ) sowie korrespondierenden reaktiven Veraenderungen in die Untersuchung aufgenommen . Neben dem direkten Nachweis der Apoptose im Knochenmark durch die ISEL-Technik haben wir die Topoisomerase II Expression mittels des monoklonalen Antikoerpers Ki-S1 gemessen . Zusaetzlich konnten wir durch die Bestimmung der PCNA-Markierung aufgrund der Zellzyklus-spezifischen Faerbereaktion beider nukleaerer Antigene den Anteil der in G2-/M-Phase befindlichen Zellen ermitteln . Waehrend die IMF , die PV sowie die ET eine im Normbereich liegende Apoptoserate erkennen liessen , war dieser Wert bei der CML signifikant erhoeht . Auf der anderen Seite wiesen IMF und PV eine deutlich gesteigerte proliferative Aktivitaet im Knochenmark auf . Bei der Berechnung eines haematopoetischen Zellumsatz Index ( HZI ) zeigten diese beiden CMPE-Subtypen einen signifikanten Anstieg , wohingegen bei der CML sowie den reaktiven Laesionen keine relevante Verschiebung dieses Parameters festzustellen war . Im Rahmen prognostischer Analysen hatten IMF und PV Patienten mit reduzierter Proliferation und Apoptoserate jeweils eine signifikant kuerzere Ueberlebenszeit . Unsere in-situ Ergebnisse erweitern und bestaetigen vorausgegangene experimentelle Studien zur haematopoetischen Zellkinetik . Darueber hinaus lassen sich aus unseren Daten prognostische Ueberlegungen ableiten , da insbesondere bei der PV und IMF Apoptose und Proliferation signifikanten Einfluss auf das Ueberleben der Patienten hatten . In diesem Zusammenhang spiegelt eine vermehrte Apoptose- und Proliferationsrate im Knochenmark offenbar eine groessere regenerative Kapazitaet der Haematopoese wieder und koennte daher fuer einen guenstigeren Verlauf verantwortlich gemacht werden . 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Insofern ist die Dynamik des haematopoetischen Zellumsatzes durch diese beiden Parameter gekennzeichnet . Da weiterfuehrende Untersuchungen in dieser Hinsicht lediglich vereinzelt am Knochenmark durchgefuehrt worden sind , haben wir im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Analyse versucht , einige Aspekte dieses komplexen Mechanismus zu beleuchten . Insgesamt wurden 400 Patienten mit chronischen myeloproliferativen Erkrankungen ( CMPE ) sowie korrespondierenden reaktiven Veraenderungen in die Untersuchung aufgenommen . Neben dem direkten Nachweis der Apoptose im Knochenmark durch die ISEL-Technik haben wir die Topoisomerase II Expression mittels des monoklonalen Antikoerpers Ki-S1 gemessen . Zusaetzlich konnten wir durch die Bestimmung der PCNA-Markierung aufgrund der Zellzyklus-spezifischen Faerbereaktion beider nukleaerer Antigene den Anteil der in G2-/M-Phase befindlichen Zellen ermitteln . Waehrend die IMF , die PV sowie die ET eine im Normbereich liegende Apoptoserate erkennen liessen , war dieser Wert bei der CML signifikant erhoeht . Auf der anderen Seite wiesen IMF und PV eine deutlich gesteigerte proliferative Aktivitaet im Knochenmark auf . Bei der Berechnung eines haematopoetischen Zellumsatz Index ( HZI ) zeigten diese beiden CMPE-Subtypen einen signifikanten Anstieg , wohingegen bei der CML sowie den reaktiven Laesionen keine relevante Verschiebung dieses Parameters festzustellen war . Im Rahmen prognostischer Analysen hatten IMF und PV Patienten mit reduzierter Proliferation und Apoptoserate jeweils eine signifikant kuerzere Ueberlebenszeit . Unsere in-situ Ergebnisse erweitern und bestaetigen vorausgegangene experimentelle Studien zur haematopoetischen Zellkinetik . Darueber hinaus lassen sich aus unseren Daten prognostische Ueberlegungen ableiten , da insbesondere bei der PV und IMF Apoptose und Proliferation signifikanten Einfluss auf das Ueberleben der Patienten hatten . In diesem Zusammenhang spiegelt eine vermehrte Apoptose- und Proliferationsrate im Knochenmark offenbar eine groessere regenerative Kapazitaet der Haematopoese wieder und koennte daher fuer einen guenstigeren Verlauf verantwortlich gemacht werden .	[ "Apoptose", "und", "Proliferation", "stellen", "im", "Rahmen", "einer", "funktionsgerechten", "Regelung", "der", "Haematopoese", "einen", "integralen", "Bestandteil", "fuer", "die", "Aufrechterhaltung", "des", "zellulaeren", "Gleichgewichts", "im", "Knochenmark", "dar", ".", "Insofern", "ist", "die", "Dynamik", "des", "haematopoetischen", "Zellumsatzes", "durch", "diese", "beiden", "Parameter", "gekennzeichnet", ".", "Da", "weiterfuehrende", "Untersuchungen", "in", "dieser", "Hinsicht", "lediglich", "vereinzelt", "am", "Knochenmark", "durchgefuehrt", "worden", "sind", ",", "haben", "wir", "im", "Rahmen", "einer", "retrospektiven", "Analyse", "versucht", ",", "einige", "Aspekte", "dieses", "komplexen", "Mechanismus", "zu", "beleuchten", ".", "Insgesamt", "wurden", "400", "Patienten", "mit", "chronischen", "myeloproliferativen", "Erkrankungen", "(", "CMPE", ")", "sowie", "korrespondierenden", "reaktiven", "Veraenderungen", "in", "die", "Untersuchung", "aufgenommen", ".", "Neben", "dem", "direkten", "Nachweis", "der", "Apoptose", "im", "Knochenmark", "durch", "die", "ISEL", "-", "Technik", "haben", "wir", "die", "Topoisomerase", "II", "Expression", "mittels", "des", "monoklonalen", "Antikoerpers", "Ki", "-", "S1", "gemessen", ".", "Zusaetzlich", "konnten", "wir", "durch", "die", "Bestimmung", "der", "PCNA", "-", "Markierung", "aufgrund", "der", "Zellzyklus", "-", "spezifischen", "Faerbereaktion", "beider", "nukleaerer", "Antigene", "den", "Anteil", "der", "in", "G2-/M", "-", "Phase", "befindlichen", "Zellen", "ermitteln", ".", "Waehrend", "die", "IMF", ",", "die", "PV", "sowie", "die", "ET", "eine", "im", "Normbereich", "liegende", "Apoptoserate", "erkennen", "liessen", ",", "war", "dieser", "Wert", "bei", "der", "CML", "signifikant", "erhoeht", ".", "Auf", "der", "anderen", "Seite", "wiesen", "IMF", "und", "PV", "eine", "deutlich", "gesteigerte", "proliferative", "Aktivitaet", "im", "Knochenmark", "auf", ".", "Bei", "der", "Berechnung", "eines", "haematopoetischen", "Zellumsatz", "Index", "(", "HZI", ")", "zeigten", "diese", "beiden", "CMPE", "-", "Subtypen", "einen", "signifikanten", "Anstieg", ",", "wohingegen", "bei", "der", "CML", "sowie", "den", "reaktiven", "Laesionen", "keine", "relevante", "Verschiebung", "dieses", "Parameters", "festzustellen", "war", ".", "Im", "Rahmen", "prognostischer", "Analysen", "hatten", "IMF", "und", "PV", "Patienten", "mit", "reduzierter", "Proliferation", "und", "Apoptoserate", "jeweils", "eine", "signifikant", "kuerzere", "Ueberlebenszeit", ".", "Unsere", "in", "-", "situ", "Ergebnisse", "erweitern", "und", "bestaetigen", "vorausgegangene", "experimentelle", "Studien", "zur", "haematopoetischen", "Zellkinetik", ".", "Darueber", "hinaus", "lassen", "sich", "aus", "unseren", "Daten", "prognostische", "Ueberlegungen", "ableiten", ",", "da", "insbesondere", "bei", "der", "PV", "und", "IMF", "Apoptose", "und", "Proliferation", "signifikanten", "Einfluss", "auf", "das", "Ueberleben", "der", "Patienten", "hatten", ".", "In", "diesem", "Zusammenhang", "spiegelt", "eine", "vermehrte", "Apoptose-", "und", "Proliferationsrate", "im", "Knochenmark", "offenbar", "eine", "groessere", "regenerative", "Kapazitaet", "der", "Haematopoese", "wieder", "und", "koennte", "daher", "fuer", "einen", "guenstigeren", "Verlauf", "verantwortlich", "gemacht", "werden", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Haematopoese is an umlsterm, Gleichgewichts is an umlsterm, Knochenmark is an umlsterm, Knochenmark is an umlsterm, Analyse is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Knochenmark is an umlsterm, Antikoerpers is an umlsterm, Antigene is an umlsterm, Zellen is an umlsterm, Knochenmark is an umlsterm, Analysen is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Ueberleben is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Knochenmark is an umlsterm, Haematopoese is an umlsterm	DerPathologe.00210055.ger.abstr_task1	Sentence: Apoptose und Proliferation stellen im Rahmen einer funktionsgerechten Regelung der Haematopoese einen integralen Bestandteil fuer die Aufrechterhaltung des zellulaeren Gleichgewichts im Knochenmark dar . Insofern ist die Dynamik des haematopoetischen Zellumsatzes durch diese beiden Parameter gekennzeichnet . Da weiterfuehrende Untersuchungen in dieser Hinsicht lediglich vereinzelt am Knochenmark durchgefuehrt worden sind , haben wir im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Analyse versucht , einige Aspekte dieses komplexen Mechanismus zu beleuchten . Insgesamt wurden 400 Patienten mit chronischen myeloproliferativen Erkrankungen ( CMPE ) sowie korrespondierenden reaktiven Veraenderungen in die Untersuchung aufgenommen . Neben dem direkten Nachweis der Apoptose im Knochenmark durch die ISEL-Technik haben wir die Topoisomerase II Expression mittels des monoklonalen Antikoerpers Ki-S1 gemessen . Zusaetzlich konnten wir durch die Bestimmung der PCNA-Markierung aufgrund der Zellzyklus-spezifischen Faerbereaktion beider nukleaerer Antigene den Anteil der in G2-/M-Phase befindlichen Zellen ermitteln . Waehrend die IMF , die PV sowie die ET eine im Normbereich liegende Apoptoserate erkennen liessen , war dieser Wert bei der CML signifikant erhoeht . Auf der anderen Seite wiesen IMF und PV eine deutlich gesteigerte proliferative Aktivitaet im Knochenmark auf . Bei der Berechnung eines haematopoetischen Zellumsatz Index ( HZI ) zeigten diese beiden CMPE-Subtypen einen signifikanten Anstieg , wohingegen bei der CML sowie den reaktiven Laesionen keine relevante Verschiebung dieses Parameters festzustellen war . Im Rahmen prognostischer Analysen hatten IMF und PV Patienten mit reduzierter Proliferation und Apoptoserate jeweils eine signifikant kuerzere Ueberlebenszeit . Unsere in-situ Ergebnisse erweitern und bestaetigen vorausgegangene experimentelle Studien zur haematopoetischen Zellkinetik . Darueber hinaus lassen sich aus unseren Daten prognostische Ueberlegungen ableiten , da insbesondere bei der PV und IMF Apoptose und Proliferation signifikanten Einfluss auf das Ueberleben der Patienten hatten . In diesem Zusammenhang spiegelt eine vermehrte Apoptose- und Proliferationsrate im Knochenmark offenbar eine groessere regenerative Kapazitaet der Haematopoese wieder und koennte daher fuer einen guenstigeren Verlauf verantwortlich gemacht werden . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Haematopoese, Gleichgewichts, Knochenmark, Knochenmark, Analyse, Patienten, Knochenmark, Antikoerpers, Antigene, Zellen, Knochenmark, Analysen, Patienten, Ueberleben, Patienten, Knochenmark, Haematopoese Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Apoptose und Proliferation stellen im Rahmen einer funktionsgerechten Regelung der Haematopoese einen integralen Bestandteil fuer die Aufrechterhaltung des zellulaeren Gleichgewichts im Knochenmark dar . Insofern ist die Dynamik des haematopoetischen Zellumsatzes durch diese beiden Parameter gekennzeichnet . Da weiterfuehrende Untersuchungen in dieser Hinsicht lediglich vereinzelt am Knochenmark durchgefuehrt worden sind , haben wir im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Analyse versucht , einige Aspekte dieses komplexen Mechanismus zu beleuchten . Insgesamt wurden 400 Patienten mit chronischen myeloproliferativen Erkrankungen ( CMPE ) sowie korrespondierenden reaktiven Veraenderungen in die Untersuchung aufgenommen . Neben dem direkten Nachweis der Apoptose im Knochenmark durch die ISEL-Technik haben wir die Topoisomerase II Expression mittels des monoklonalen Antikoerpers Ki-S1 gemessen . Zusaetzlich konnten wir durch die Bestimmung der PCNA-Markierung aufgrund der Zellzyklus-spezifischen Faerbereaktion beider nukleaerer Antigene den Anteil der in G2-/M-Phase befindlichen Zellen ermitteln . Waehrend die IMF , die PV sowie die ET eine im Normbereich liegende Apoptoserate erkennen liessen , war dieser Wert bei der CML signifikant erhoeht . Auf der anderen Seite wiesen IMF und PV eine deutlich gesteigerte proliferative Aktivitaet im Knochenmark auf . Bei der Berechnung eines haematopoetischen Zellumsatz Index ( HZI ) zeigten diese beiden CMPE-Subtypen einen signifikanten Anstieg , wohingegen bei der CML sowie den reaktiven Laesionen keine relevante Verschiebung dieses Parameters festzustellen war . Im Rahmen prognostischer Analysen hatten IMF und PV Patienten mit reduzierter Proliferation und Apoptoserate jeweils eine signifikant kuerzere Ueberlebenszeit . Unsere in-situ Ergebnisse erweitern und bestaetigen vorausgegangene experimentelle Studien zur haematopoetischen Zellkinetik . Darueber hinaus lassen sich aus unseren Daten prognostische Ueberlegungen ableiten , da insbesondere bei der PV und IMF Apoptose und Proliferation signifikanten Einfluss auf das Ueberleben der Patienten hatten . In diesem Zusammenhang spiegelt eine vermehrte Apoptose- und Proliferationsrate im Knochenmark offenbar eine groessere regenerative Kapazitaet der Haematopoese wieder und koennte daher fuer einen guenstigeren Verlauf verantwortlich gemacht werden .	[ "Apoptose", "und", "Proliferation", "stellen", "im", "Rahmen", "einer", "funktionsgerechten", "Regelung", "der", "Haematopoese", "einen", "integralen", "Bestandteil", "fuer", "die", "Aufrechterhaltung", "des", "zellulaeren", "Gleichgewichts", "im", "Knochenmark", "dar", ".", "Insofern", "ist", "die", "Dynamik", "des", "haematopoetischen", "Zellumsatzes", "durch", "diese", "beiden", "Parameter", "gekennzeichnet", ".", "Da", "weiterfuehrende", "Untersuchungen", "in", "dieser", "Hinsicht", "lediglich", "vereinzelt", "am", "Knochenmark", "durchgefuehrt", "worden", "sind", ",", "haben", "wir", "im", "Rahmen", "einer", "retrospektiven", "Analyse", "versucht", ",", "einige", "Aspekte", "dieses", "komplexen", "Mechanismus", "zu", "beleuchten", ".", "Insgesamt", "wurden", "400", "Patienten", "mit", "chronischen", "myeloproliferativen", "Erkrankungen", "(", "CMPE", ")", "sowie", "korrespondierenden", "reaktiven", "Veraenderungen", "in", "die", "Untersuchung", "aufgenommen", ".", "Neben", "dem", "direkten", "Nachweis", "der", "Apoptose", "im", "Knochenmark", "durch", "die", "ISEL", "-", "Technik", "haben", "wir", "die", "Topoisomerase", "II", "Expression", "mittels", "des", "monoklonalen", "Antikoerpers", "Ki", "-", "S1", "gemessen", ".", "Zusaetzlich", "konnten", "wir", "durch", "die", "Bestimmung", "der", "PCNA", "-", "Markierung", "aufgrund", "der", "Zellzyklus", "-", "spezifischen", "Faerbereaktion", "beider", "nukleaerer", "Antigene", "den", "Anteil", "der", "in", "G2-/M", "-", "Phase", "befindlichen", "Zellen", "ermitteln", ".", "Waehrend", "die", "IMF", ",", "die", "PV", "sowie", "die", "ET", "eine", "im", "Normbereich", "liegende", "Apoptoserate", "erkennen", "liessen", ",", "war", "dieser", "Wert", "bei", "der", "CML", "signifikant", "erhoeht", ".", "Auf", "der", "anderen", "Seite", "wiesen", "IMF", "und", "PV", "eine", "deutlich", "gesteigerte", "proliferative", "Aktivitaet", "im", "Knochenmark", "auf", ".", "Bei", "der", "Berechnung", "eines", "haematopoetischen", "Zellumsatz", "Index", "(", "HZI", ")", "zeigten", "diese", "beiden", "CMPE", "-", "Subtypen", "einen", "signifikanten", "Anstieg", ",", "wohingegen", "bei", "der", "CML", "sowie", "den", "reaktiven", "Laesionen", "keine", "relevante", "Verschiebung", "dieses", "Parameters", "festzustellen", "war", ".", "Im", "Rahmen", "prognostischer", "Analysen", "hatten", "IMF", "und", "PV", "Patienten", "mit", "reduzierter", "Proliferation", "und", "Apoptoserate", "jeweils", "eine", "signifikant", "kuerzere", "Ueberlebenszeit", ".", "Unsere", "in", "-", "situ", "Ergebnisse", "erweitern", "und", "bestaetigen", "vorausgegangene", "experimentelle", "Studien", "zur", "haematopoetischen", "Zellkinetik", ".", "Darueber", "hinaus", "lassen", "sich", "aus", "unseren", "Daten", "prognostische", "Ueberlegungen", "ableiten", ",", "da", "insbesondere", "bei", "der", "PV", "und", "IMF", "Apoptose", "und", "Proliferation", "signifikanten", "Einfluss", "auf", "das", "Ueberleben", "der", "Patienten", "hatten", ".", "In", "diesem", "Zusammenhang", "spiegelt", "eine", "vermehrte", "Apoptose-", "und", "Proliferationsrate", "im", "Knochenmark", "offenbar", "eine", "groessere", "regenerative", "Kapazitaet", "der", "Haematopoese", "wieder", "und", "koennte", "daher", "fuer", "einen", "guenstigeren", "Verlauf", "verantwortlich", "gemacht", "werden", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Haematopoese, Gleichgewichts, Knochenmark, Knochenmark, Analyse, Patienten, Knochenmark, Antikoerpers, Antigene, Zellen, Knochenmark, Analysen, Patienten, Ueberleben, Patienten, Knochenmark, Haematopoese	DerPathologe.00210055.ger.abstr_task2	Sentence: Apoptose und Proliferation stellen im Rahmen einer funktionsgerechten Regelung der Haematopoese einen integralen Bestandteil fuer die Aufrechterhaltung des zellulaeren Gleichgewichts im Knochenmark dar . Insofern ist die Dynamik des haematopoetischen Zellumsatzes durch diese beiden Parameter gekennzeichnet . Da weiterfuehrende Untersuchungen in dieser Hinsicht lediglich vereinzelt am Knochenmark durchgefuehrt worden sind , haben wir im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Analyse versucht , einige Aspekte dieses komplexen Mechanismus zu beleuchten . Insgesamt wurden 400 Patienten mit chronischen myeloproliferativen Erkrankungen ( CMPE ) sowie korrespondierenden reaktiven Veraenderungen in die Untersuchung aufgenommen . Neben dem direkten Nachweis der Apoptose im Knochenmark durch die ISEL-Technik haben wir die Topoisomerase II Expression mittels des monoklonalen Antikoerpers Ki-S1 gemessen . Zusaetzlich konnten wir durch die Bestimmung der PCNA-Markierung aufgrund der Zellzyklus-spezifischen Faerbereaktion beider nukleaerer Antigene den Anteil der in G2-/M-Phase befindlichen Zellen ermitteln . Waehrend die IMF , die PV sowie die ET eine im Normbereich liegende Apoptoserate erkennen liessen , war dieser Wert bei der CML signifikant erhoeht . Auf der anderen Seite wiesen IMF und PV eine deutlich gesteigerte proliferative Aktivitaet im Knochenmark auf . Bei der Berechnung eines haematopoetischen Zellumsatz Index ( HZI ) zeigten diese beiden CMPE-Subtypen einen signifikanten Anstieg , wohingegen bei der CML sowie den reaktiven Laesionen keine relevante Verschiebung dieses Parameters festzustellen war . Im Rahmen prognostischer Analysen hatten IMF und PV Patienten mit reduzierter Proliferation und Apoptoserate jeweils eine signifikant kuerzere Ueberlebenszeit . Unsere in-situ Ergebnisse erweitern und bestaetigen vorausgegangene experimentelle Studien zur haematopoetischen Zellkinetik . Darueber hinaus lassen sich aus unseren Daten prognostische Ueberlegungen ableiten , da insbesondere bei der PV und IMF Apoptose und Proliferation signifikanten Einfluss auf das Ueberleben der Patienten hatten . In diesem Zusammenhang spiegelt eine vermehrte Apoptose- und Proliferationsrate im Knochenmark offenbar eine groessere regenerative Kapazitaet der Haematopoese wieder und koennte daher fuer einen guenstigeren Verlauf verantwortlich gemacht werden . 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Insofern ist die Dynamik des haematopoetischen Zellumsatzes durch diese beiden Parameter gekennzeichnet . Da weiterfuehrende Untersuchungen in dieser Hinsicht lediglich vereinzelt am Knochenmark durchgefuehrt worden sind , haben wir im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Analyse versucht , einige Aspekte dieses komplexen Mechanismus zu beleuchten . Insgesamt wurden 400 Patienten mit chronischen myeloproliferativen Erkrankungen ( CMPE ) sowie korrespondierenden reaktiven Veraenderungen in die Untersuchung aufgenommen . Neben dem direkten Nachweis der Apoptose im Knochenmark durch die ISEL-Technik haben wir die Topoisomerase II Expression mittels des monoklonalen Antikoerpers Ki-S1 gemessen . Zusaetzlich konnten wir durch die Bestimmung der PCNA-Markierung aufgrund der Zellzyklus-spezifischen Faerbereaktion beider nukleaerer Antigene den Anteil der in G2-/M-Phase befindlichen Zellen ermitteln . Waehrend die IMF , die PV sowie die ET eine im Normbereich liegende Apoptoserate erkennen liessen , war dieser Wert bei der CML signifikant erhoeht . Auf der anderen Seite wiesen IMF und PV eine deutlich gesteigerte proliferative Aktivitaet im Knochenmark auf . Bei der Berechnung eines haematopoetischen Zellumsatz Index ( HZI ) zeigten diese beiden CMPE-Subtypen einen signifikanten Anstieg , wohingegen bei der CML sowie den reaktiven Laesionen keine relevante Verschiebung dieses Parameters festzustellen war . Im Rahmen prognostischer Analysen hatten IMF und PV Patienten mit reduzierter Proliferation und Apoptoserate jeweils eine signifikant kuerzere Ueberlebenszeit . Unsere in-situ Ergebnisse erweitern und bestaetigen vorausgegangene experimentelle Studien zur haematopoetischen Zellkinetik . Darueber hinaus lassen sich aus unseren Daten prognostische Ueberlegungen ableiten , da insbesondere bei der PV und IMF Apoptose und Proliferation signifikanten Einfluss auf das Ueberleben der Patienten hatten . In diesem Zusammenhang spiegelt eine vermehrte Apoptose- und Proliferationsrate im Knochenmark offenbar eine groessere regenerative Kapazitaet der Haematopoese wieder und koennte daher fuer einen guenstigeren Verlauf verantwortlich gemacht werden .	[ "Apoptose", "und", "Proliferation", "stellen", "im", "Rahmen", "einer", "funktionsgerechten", "Regelung", "der", "Haematopoese", "einen", "integralen", "Bestandteil", "fuer", "die", "Aufrechterhaltung", "des", "zellulaeren", "Gleichgewichts", "im", "Knochenmark", "dar", ".", "Insofern", "ist", "die", "Dynamik", "des", "haematopoetischen", "Zellumsatzes", "durch", "diese", "beiden", "Parameter", "gekennzeichnet", ".", "Da", "weiterfuehrende", "Untersuchungen", "in", "dieser", "Hinsicht", "lediglich", "vereinzelt", "am", "Knochenmark", "durchgefuehrt", "worden", "sind", ",", "haben", "wir", "im", "Rahmen", "einer", "retrospektiven", "Analyse", "versucht", ",", "einige", "Aspekte", "dieses", "komplexen", "Mechanismus", "zu", "beleuchten", ".", "Insgesamt", "wurden", "400", "Patienten", "mit", "chronischen", "myeloproliferativen", "Erkrankungen", "(", "CMPE", ")", "sowie", "korrespondierenden", "reaktiven", "Veraenderungen", "in", "die", "Untersuchung", "aufgenommen", ".", "Neben", "dem", "direkten", "Nachweis", "der", "Apoptose", "im", "Knochenmark", "durch", "die", "ISEL", "-", "Technik", "haben", "wir", "die", "Topoisomerase", "II", "Expression", "mittels", "des", "monoklonalen", "Antikoerpers", "Ki", "-", "S1", "gemessen", ".", "Zusaetzlich", "konnten", "wir", "durch", "die", "Bestimmung", "der", "PCNA", "-", "Markierung", "aufgrund", "der", "Zellzyklus", "-", "spezifischen", "Faerbereaktion", "beider", "nukleaerer", "Antigene", "den", "Anteil", "der", "in", "G2-/M", "-", "Phase", "befindlichen", "Zellen", "ermitteln", ".", "Waehrend", "die", "IMF", ",", "die", "PV", "sowie", "die", "ET", "eine", "im", "Normbereich", "liegende", "Apoptoserate", "erkennen", "liessen", ",", "war", "dieser", "Wert", "bei", "der", "CML", "signifikant", "erhoeht", ".", "Auf", "der", "anderen", "Seite", "wiesen", "IMF", "und", "PV", "eine", "deutlich", "gesteigerte", "proliferative", "Aktivitaet", "im", "Knochenmark", "auf", ".", "Bei", "der", "Berechnung", "eines", "haematopoetischen", "Zellumsatz", "Index", "(", "HZI", ")", "zeigten", "diese", "beiden", "CMPE", "-", "Subtypen", "einen", "signifikanten", "Anstieg", ",", "wohingegen", "bei", "der", "CML", "sowie", "den", "reaktiven", "Laesionen", "keine", "relevante", "Verschiebung", "dieses", "Parameters", "festzustellen", "war", ".", "Im", "Rahmen", "prognostischer", "Analysen", "hatten", "IMF", "und", "PV", "Patienten", "mit", "reduzierter", "Proliferation", "und", "Apoptoserate", "jeweils", "eine", "signifikant", "kuerzere", "Ueberlebenszeit", ".", "Unsere", "in", "-", "situ", "Ergebnisse", "erweitern", "und", "bestaetigen", "vorausgegangene", "experimentelle", "Studien", "zur", "haematopoetischen", "Zellkinetik", ".", "Darueber", "hinaus", "lassen", "sich", "aus", "unseren", "Daten", "prognostische", "Ueberlegungen", "ableiten", ",", "da", "insbesondere", "bei", "der", "PV", "und", "IMF", "Apoptose", "und", "Proliferation", "signifikanten", "Einfluss", "auf", "das", "Ueberleben", "der", "Patienten", "hatten", ".", "In", "diesem", "Zusammenhang", "spiegelt", "eine", "vermehrte", "Apoptose-", "und", "Proliferationsrate", "im", "Knochenmark", "offenbar", "eine", "groessere", "regenerative", "Kapazitaet", "der", "Haematopoese", "wieder", "und", "koennte", "daher", "fuer", "einen", "guenstigeren", "Verlauf", "verantwortlich", "gemacht", "werden", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
gene is a Gene, human is a Eukaryote, member of a class of growth factor - induced genes is a Gene, zinc - finger domains is a ZincCoordinatingDomain, gene is a Gene, pAT 133 is a DNA, pAT 133 is a DNA, gene is a Gene, human is a Eukaryote, T cells is a Cell, fibroblasts is a Cell, the encoded protein is a Protein, zinc - finger sequences is a ZincCoordinatingDomain, zinc - finger region is a ZincCoordinatingDomain, DNA is a DNA, these related zinc - finger - encoding genes is a Gene, T lymphocytes is a Cell, fibroblasts is a Cell, the three genes is a Gene, human is a Eukaryote, histiocytic U937 cells is a Cell, mRNA is a MessengerRNA, pAT 133 is a DNA, mRNA is a MessengerRNA, pAT 225 / EGR1 is a DNA, mRNA is a MessengerRNA, pAT 591 / EGR2 is a TranscriptionFactor, the respective proteins is a Protein	87_task0	Sentence: Clone pAT 133 identifies a gene that encodes another human member of a class of growth factor-induced genes with almost identical zinc-finger domains. We report the structure and regulation of a gene represented by clone pAT 133, which is induced upon transition from a resting state (G0) through the early phase of the cell cycle (G1). The pAT 133 gene is immediately induced, with FOS-like kinetics, in human T cells and in fibroblasts. Primary structure analysis showed that the encoded protein contains three tandem zinc-finger sequences of the type Cys2-Xaa12-His2. This zinc-finger region, which is thought to bind DNA in a sequence-specific manner, is similar (greater than 80% on the amino acid level) to two previously described transcription factors pAT 225/EGR1 and pAT 591/EGR2. Except for the conserved zinc-finger domains, the amino acid sequences of the three proteins are distinct. This structural similarity suggests that the pAT 133 gene encodes a transcription factor with a specific biological function. Comparing the regulation of these related zinc-finger-encoding genes showed coordinate induction upon mitogenic stimulation of resting T lymphocytes and of resting fibroblasts. However, upon transition from a proliferating (G1) to a resting state of the cell cycle the three genes were differently regulated. In human histiocytic U937 cells mRNA of clone pAT 133 was constitutively expressed, whereas mRNA of pAT 225/EGR1 was induced upon induction of terminal differentiation. In contrast mRNA representing pAT 591/EGR2 was not expressed in these cells. This difference in gene regulation suggests distinct biological roles in the control of cell proliferation for the respective proteins. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: ZincCoordinatingDomain, DNA, TranscriptionFactor, MessengerRNA, Gene, Eukaryote, Protein, Cell	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "B-Eukaryote", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "B-ZincCoordinatingDomain", "I-ZincCoordinatingDomain", "I-ZincCoordinatingDomain", "I-ZincCoordinatingDomain", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "B-DNA", "I-DNA", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DNA", "I-DNA", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Eukaryote", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "O", "B-Cell", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "B-ZincCoordinatingDomain", "I-ZincCoordinatingDomain", "I-ZincCoordinatingDomain", "I-ZincCoordinatingDomain", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ZincCoordinatingDomain", "I-ZincCoordinatingDomain", "I-ZincCoordinatingDomain", "I-ZincCoordinatingDomain", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DNA", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "O", "O", "B-Cell", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Eukaryote", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "B-MessengerRNA", "O", "O", "B-DNA", "I-DNA", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-MessengerRNA", "O", "B-DNA", "I-DNA", "I-DNA", "I-DNA", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-MessengerRNA", "O", "B-TranscriptionFactor", "I-TranscriptionFactor", "I-TranscriptionFactor", "I-TranscriptionFactor", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O" ]	Clone pAT 133 identifies a gene that encodes another human member of a class of growth factor-induced genes with almost identical zinc-finger domains. We report the structure and regulation of a gene represented by clone pAT 133, which is induced upon transition from a resting state (G0) through the early phase of the cell cycle (G1). The pAT 133 gene is immediately induced, with FOS-like kinetics, in human T cells and in fibroblasts. Primary structure analysis showed that the encoded protein contains three tandem zinc-finger sequences of the type Cys2-Xaa12-His2. This zinc-finger region, which is thought to bind DNA in a sequence-specific manner, is similar (greater than 80% on the amino acid level) to two previously described transcription factors pAT 225/EGR1 and pAT 591/EGR2. Except for the conserved zinc-finger domains, the amino acid sequences of the three proteins are distinct. This structural similarity suggests that the pAT 133 gene encodes a transcription factor with a specific biological function. Comparing the regulation of these related zinc-finger-encoding genes showed coordinate induction upon mitogenic stimulation of resting T lymphocytes and of resting fibroblasts. However, upon transition from a proliferating (G1) to a resting state of the cell cycle the three genes were differently regulated. In human histiocytic U937 cells mRNA of clone pAT 133 was constitutively expressed, whereas mRNA of pAT 225/EGR1 was induced upon induction of terminal differentiation. In contrast mRNA representing pAT 591/EGR2 was not expressed in these cells. This difference in gene regulation suggests distinct biological roles in the control of cell proliferation for the respective proteins.	[ "Clone", "pAT", "133", "identifies", "a", "gene", "that", "encodes", "another", "human", "member", "of", "a", "class", "of", "growth", "factor", "-", "induced", "genes", "with", "almost", "identical", "zinc", "-", "finger", "domains", ".", "We", "report", "the", "structure", "and", "regulation", "of", "a", "gene", "represented", "by", "clone", "pAT", "133", ",", "which", "is", "induced", "upon", "transition", "from", "a", "resting", "state", "(", "G0", ")", "through", "the", "early", "phase", "of", "the", "cell", "cycle", "(", "G1", ")", ".", "The", "pAT", "133", "gene", "is", "immediately", "induced", ",", "with", "FOS", "-", "like", "kinetics", ",", "in", "human", "T", "cells", "and", "in", "fibroblasts", ".", "Primary", "structure", "analysis", "showed", "that", "the", "encoded", "protein", "contains", "three", "tandem", "zinc", "-", "finger", "sequences", "of", "the", "type", "Cys2-Xaa12-His2", ".", "This", "zinc", "-", "finger", "region", ",", "which", "is", "thought", "to", "bind", "DNA", "in", "a", "sequence", "-", "specific", "manner", ",", "is", "similar", "(", "greater", "than", "80", "%", "on", "the", "amino", "acid", "level", ")", "to", "two", "previously", "described", "transcription", "factors", "pAT", "225", "/", "EGR1", "and", "pAT", "591", "/", "EGR2", ".", "Except", "for", "the", "conserved", "zinc", "-", "finger", "domains", ",", "the", "amino", "acid", "sequences", "of", "the", "three", "proteins", "are", "distinct", ".", "This", "structural", "similarity", "suggests", "that", "the", "pAT", "133", "gene", "encodes", "a", "transcription", "factor", "with", "a", "specific", "biological", "function", ".", "Comparing", "the", "regulation", "of", "these", "related", "zinc", "-", "finger", "-", "encoding", "genes", "showed", "coordinate", "induction", "upon", "mitogenic", "stimulation", "of", "resting", "T", "lymphocytes", "and", "of", "resting", "fibroblasts", ".", "However", ",", "upon", "transition", "from", "a", "proliferating", "(", "G1", ")", "to", "a", "resting", "state", "of", "the", "cell", "cycle", "the", "three", "genes", "were", "differently", "regulated", ".", "In", "human", "histiocytic", "U937", "cells", "mRNA", "of", "clone", "pAT", "133", "was", "constitutively", "expressed", ",", "whereas", "mRNA", "of", "pAT", "225", "/", "EGR1", "was", "induced", "upon", "induction", "of", "terminal", "differentiation", ".", "In", "contrast", "mRNA", "representing", "pAT", "591", "/", "EGR2", "was", "not", "expressed", "in", "these", "cells", ".", "This", "difference", "in", "gene", "regulation", "suggests", "distinct", "biological", "roles", "in", "the", "control", "of", "cell", "proliferation", "for", "the", "respective", "proteins", ".", "\n" ]	[ "Gene", "Protein", "Cell", "ZincCoordinatingDomain", "TranscriptionFactor", "DNA", "Eukaryote", "MessengerRNA" ]
gene is a Gene, human is a Eukaryote, member of a class of growth factor - induced genes is a Gene, zinc - finger domains is a ZincCoordinatingDomain, gene is a Gene, pAT 133 is a DNA, pAT 133 is a DNA, gene is a Gene, human is a Eukaryote, T cells is a Cell, fibroblasts is a Cell, the encoded protein is a Protein, zinc - finger sequences is a ZincCoordinatingDomain, zinc - finger region is a ZincCoordinatingDomain, DNA is a DNA, these related zinc - finger - encoding genes is a Gene, T lymphocytes is a Cell, fibroblasts is a Cell, the three genes is a Gene, human is a Eukaryote, histiocytic U937 cells is a Cell, mRNA is a MessengerRNA, pAT 133 is a DNA, mRNA is a MessengerRNA, pAT 225 / EGR1 is a DNA, mRNA is a MessengerRNA, pAT 591 / EGR2 is a TranscriptionFactor, the respective proteins is a Protein	87_task1	Sentence: Clone pAT 133 identifies a gene that encodes another human member of a class of growth factor-induced genes with almost identical zinc-finger domains. We report the structure and regulation of a gene represented by clone pAT 133, which is induced upon transition from a resting state (G0) through the early phase of the cell cycle (G1). The pAT 133 gene is immediately induced, with FOS-like kinetics, in human T cells and in fibroblasts. Primary structure analysis showed that the encoded protein contains three tandem zinc-finger sequences of the type Cys2-Xaa12-His2. This zinc-finger region, which is thought to bind DNA in a sequence-specific manner, is similar (greater than 80% on the amino acid level) to two previously described transcription factors pAT 225/EGR1 and pAT 591/EGR2. Except for the conserved zinc-finger domains, the amino acid sequences of the three proteins are distinct. This structural similarity suggests that the pAT 133 gene encodes a transcription factor with a specific biological function. Comparing the regulation of these related zinc-finger-encoding genes showed coordinate induction upon mitogenic stimulation of resting T lymphocytes and of resting fibroblasts. However, upon transition from a proliferating (G1) to a resting state of the cell cycle the three genes were differently regulated. In human histiocytic U937 cells mRNA of clone pAT 133 was constitutively expressed, whereas mRNA of pAT 225/EGR1 was induced upon induction of terminal differentiation. In contrast mRNA representing pAT 591/EGR2 was not expressed in these cells. This difference in gene regulation suggests distinct biological roles in the control of cell proliferation for the respective proteins. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: gene, human, member of a class of growth factor - induced genes, zinc - finger domains, gene, pAT 133, pAT 133, gene, human, T cells, fibroblasts, the encoded protein, zinc - finger sequences, zinc - finger region, DNA, these related zinc - finger - encoding genes, T lymphocytes, fibroblasts, the three genes, human, histiocytic U937 cells, mRNA, pAT 133, mRNA, pAT 225 / EGR1, mRNA, pAT 591 / EGR2, the respective proteins Options: ZincCoordinatingDomain, DNA, TranscriptionFactor, MessengerRNA, Gene, Eukaryote, Protein, Cell	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "B-Eukaryote", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "B-ZincCoordinatingDomain", "I-ZincCoordinatingDomain", "I-ZincCoordinatingDomain", "I-ZincCoordinatingDomain", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "B-DNA", "I-DNA", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DNA", "I-DNA", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Eukaryote", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "O", "B-Cell", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "B-ZincCoordinatingDomain", "I-ZincCoordinatingDomain", "I-ZincCoordinatingDomain", "I-ZincCoordinatingDomain", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ZincCoordinatingDomain", "I-ZincCoordinatingDomain", "I-ZincCoordinatingDomain", "I-ZincCoordinatingDomain", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DNA", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "O", "O", "B-Cell", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Eukaryote", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "B-MessengerRNA", "O", "O", "B-DNA", "I-DNA", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-MessengerRNA", "O", "B-DNA", "I-DNA", "I-DNA", "I-DNA", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-MessengerRNA", "O", "B-TranscriptionFactor", "I-TranscriptionFactor", "I-TranscriptionFactor", "I-TranscriptionFactor", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O" ]	Clone pAT 133 identifies a gene that encodes another human member of a class of growth factor-induced genes with almost identical zinc-finger domains. We report the structure and regulation of a gene represented by clone pAT 133, which is induced upon transition from a resting state (G0) through the early phase of the cell cycle (G1). The pAT 133 gene is immediately induced, with FOS-like kinetics, in human T cells and in fibroblasts. Primary structure analysis showed that the encoded protein contains three tandem zinc-finger sequences of the type Cys2-Xaa12-His2. This zinc-finger region, which is thought to bind DNA in a sequence-specific manner, is similar (greater than 80% on the amino acid level) to two previously described transcription factors pAT 225/EGR1 and pAT 591/EGR2. Except for the conserved zinc-finger domains, the amino acid sequences of the three proteins are distinct. This structural similarity suggests that the pAT 133 gene encodes a transcription factor with a specific biological function. Comparing the regulation of these related zinc-finger-encoding genes showed coordinate induction upon mitogenic stimulation of resting T lymphocytes and of resting fibroblasts. However, upon transition from a proliferating (G1) to a resting state of the cell cycle the three genes were differently regulated. In human histiocytic U937 cells mRNA of clone pAT 133 was constitutively expressed, whereas mRNA of pAT 225/EGR1 was induced upon induction of terminal differentiation. In contrast mRNA representing pAT 591/EGR2 was not expressed in these cells. This difference in gene regulation suggests distinct biological roles in the control of cell proliferation for the respective proteins.	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gene, human, member of a class of growth factor - induced genes, zinc - finger domains, gene, pAT 133, pAT 133, gene, human, T cells, fibroblasts, the encoded protein, zinc - finger sequences, zinc - finger region, DNA, these related zinc - finger - encoding genes, T lymphocytes, fibroblasts, the three genes, human, histiocytic U937 cells, mRNA, pAT 133, mRNA, pAT 225 / EGR1, mRNA, pAT 591 / EGR2, the respective proteins	87_task2	Sentence: Clone pAT 133 identifies a gene that encodes another human member of a class of growth factor-induced genes with almost identical zinc-finger domains. We report the structure and regulation of a gene represented by clone pAT 133, which is induced upon transition from a resting state (G0) through the early phase of the cell cycle (G1). The pAT 133 gene is immediately induced, with FOS-like kinetics, in human T cells and in fibroblasts. Primary structure analysis showed that the encoded protein contains three tandem zinc-finger sequences of the type Cys2-Xaa12-His2. This zinc-finger region, which is thought to bind DNA in a sequence-specific manner, is similar (greater than 80% on the amino acid level) to two previously described transcription factors pAT 225/EGR1 and pAT 591/EGR2. Except for the conserved zinc-finger domains, the amino acid sequences of the three proteins are distinct. This structural similarity suggests that the pAT 133 gene encodes a transcription factor with a specific biological function. Comparing the regulation of these related zinc-finger-encoding genes showed coordinate induction upon mitogenic stimulation of resting T lymphocytes and of resting fibroblasts. However, upon transition from a proliferating (G1) to a resting state of the cell cycle the three genes were differently regulated. In human histiocytic U937 cells mRNA of clone pAT 133 was constitutively expressed, whereas mRNA of pAT 225/EGR1 was induced upon induction of terminal differentiation. In contrast mRNA representing pAT 591/EGR2 was not expressed in these cells. This difference in gene regulation suggests distinct biological roles in the control of cell proliferation for the respective proteins. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "B-Eukaryote", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "B-ZincCoordinatingDomain", "I-ZincCoordinatingDomain", "I-ZincCoordinatingDomain", "I-ZincCoordinatingDomain", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "B-DNA", "I-DNA", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DNA", "I-DNA", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Eukaryote", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "O", "B-Cell", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "B-ZincCoordinatingDomain", "I-ZincCoordinatingDomain", "I-ZincCoordinatingDomain", "I-ZincCoordinatingDomain", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ZincCoordinatingDomain", "I-ZincCoordinatingDomain", "I-ZincCoordinatingDomain", "I-ZincCoordinatingDomain", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DNA", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "O", "O", "B-Cell", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Eukaryote", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "B-MessengerRNA", "O", "O", "B-DNA", "I-DNA", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-MessengerRNA", "O", "B-DNA", "I-DNA", "I-DNA", "I-DNA", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-MessengerRNA", "O", "B-TranscriptionFactor", "I-TranscriptionFactor", "I-TranscriptionFactor", "I-TranscriptionFactor", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O" ]	Clone pAT 133 identifies a gene that encodes another human member of a class of growth factor-induced genes with almost identical zinc-finger domains. We report the structure and regulation of a gene represented by clone pAT 133, which is induced upon transition from a resting state (G0) through the early phase of the cell cycle (G1). The pAT 133 gene is immediately induced, with FOS-like kinetics, in human T cells and in fibroblasts. Primary structure analysis showed that the encoded protein contains three tandem zinc-finger sequences of the type Cys2-Xaa12-His2. This zinc-finger region, which is thought to bind DNA in a sequence-specific manner, is similar (greater than 80% on the amino acid level) to two previously described transcription factors pAT 225/EGR1 and pAT 591/EGR2. Except for the conserved zinc-finger domains, the amino acid sequences of the three proteins are distinct. This structural similarity suggests that the pAT 133 gene encodes a transcription factor with a specific biological function. Comparing the regulation of these related zinc-finger-encoding genes showed coordinate induction upon mitogenic stimulation of resting T lymphocytes and of resting fibroblasts. However, upon transition from a proliferating (G1) to a resting state of the cell cycle the three genes were differently regulated. In human histiocytic U937 cells mRNA of clone pAT 133 was constitutively expressed, whereas mRNA of pAT 225/EGR1 was induced upon induction of terminal differentiation. In contrast mRNA representing pAT 591/EGR2 was not expressed in these cells. This difference in gene regulation suggests distinct biological roles in the control of cell proliferation for the respective proteins.	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Analysen is an umlsterm, HPLC is an umlsterm, Roentgenfluoreszenz is an umlsterm, Diphenylamin is an umlsterm, Sauerstofflieferanten is an umlsterm, Bariumnitrate is an umlsterm, Huelsenboden is an umlsterm	Rechtsmedizin.80080094.ger.abstr_task0	Sentence: Knallkartuschen ( " Platzpatronen " ) , die zum Verschiessen aus Schreckschusswaffen ( § 22 WaffG ) bestimmt sind , wurden hinsichtlich ihres Aufbaues sowie des Treib- und Zuendmittels untersucht . Zur Untersuchung gelangte Kartuschenmunition saemtlicher fuer Kurzwaffen erhaeltlicher Kaliber . Der Aufbau der Huelsen sowie der Zuendelemente entsprachen im wesentlichem dem von Patronenmunition . Die Analysen der Treibladungspulver ( TLP ) erfolgten mittels HPLC , die der Zuendsaetze durch Roentgenfluoreszenz und Roentgendiffraktion : Bei Knallkartuschen fand sich als Treibmittel ueberwiegend einbasiges Treibladungspulver ( Nitrocellulose-TLP ) , vereinzelt aber auch Schwarzpulver . In den groesseren Kalibern fanden sich zweibasige Treibladungspulver ( Nitroglycerin-TLP ) mit Zusaetzen von DNT und Dibutylphtalat ( DBP ) . Die einbasigen TLP zeigten sich mit Diphenylamin ( DPA ) , die mehrbasigen TLP mit Centralit I ( C I ) stabilisiert . Die Zuendsaetze enthielten als Sprengstoffe fast ausschliesslich Bleitrizinat und/oder Hexogen , als Sauerstofflieferanten Bariumnitrate . Eine Besonderheit der Knallkartuschenmunition ist das Vorhandensein eines scheibenfoermigen Zwischenmittels , das das Treibmittel zusammenhaelt und gegen den Huelsenboden drueckt . Aufgrund des geringen Gewichtes kommt den Zwischenmitteln keine wesentliche kinetische Energie zu . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Knallkartuschen ( " Platzpatronen " ) , die zum Verschiessen aus Schreckschusswaffen ( § 22 WaffG ) bestimmt sind , wurden hinsichtlich ihres Aufbaues sowie des Treib- und Zuendmittels untersucht . Zur Untersuchung gelangte Kartuschenmunition saemtlicher fuer Kurzwaffen erhaeltlicher Kaliber . Der Aufbau der Huelsen sowie der Zuendelemente entsprachen im wesentlichem dem von Patronenmunition . Die Analysen der Treibladungspulver ( TLP ) erfolgten mittels HPLC , die der Zuendsaetze durch Roentgenfluoreszenz und Roentgendiffraktion : Bei Knallkartuschen fand sich als Treibmittel ueberwiegend einbasiges Treibladungspulver ( Nitrocellulose-TLP ) , vereinzelt aber auch Schwarzpulver . In den groesseren Kalibern fanden sich zweibasige Treibladungspulver ( Nitroglycerin-TLP ) mit Zusaetzen von DNT und Dibutylphtalat ( DBP ) . Die einbasigen TLP zeigten sich mit Diphenylamin ( DPA ) , die mehrbasigen TLP mit Centralit I ( C I ) stabilisiert . Die Zuendsaetze enthielten als Sprengstoffe fast ausschliesslich Bleitrizinat und/oder Hexogen , als Sauerstofflieferanten Bariumnitrate . Eine Besonderheit der Knallkartuschenmunition ist das Vorhandensein eines scheibenfoermigen Zwischenmittels , das das Treibmittel zusammenhaelt und gegen den Huelsenboden drueckt . Aufgrund des geringen Gewichtes kommt den Zwischenmitteln keine wesentliche kinetische Energie zu .	[ "Knallkartuschen", "(", "\"", "Platzpatronen", "\"", ")", ",", "die", "zum", "Verschiessen", "aus", "Schreckschusswaffen", "(", "§", "22", "WaffG", ")", "bestimmt", "sind", ",", "wurden", "hinsichtlich", "ihres", "Aufbaues", "sowie", "des", "Treib-", "und", "Zuendmittels", "untersucht", ".", "Zur", "Untersuchung", "gelangte", "Kartuschenmunition", "saemtlicher", "fuer", "Kurzwaffen", "erhaeltlicher", "Kaliber", ".", "Der", "Aufbau", "der", "Huelsen", "sowie", "der", "Zuendelemente", "entsprachen", "im", "wesentlichem", "dem", "von", "Patronenmunition", ".", "Die", "Analysen", "der", "Treibladungspulver", "(", "TLP", ")", "erfolgten", "mittels", "HPLC", ",", "die", "der", "Zuendsaetze", "durch", "Roentgenfluoreszenz", "und", "Roentgendiffraktion", ":", "Bei", "Knallkartuschen", "fand", "sich", "als", "Treibmittel", "ueberwiegend", "einbasiges", "Treibladungspulver", "(", "Nitrocellulose", "-", "TLP", ")", ",", "vereinzelt", "aber", "auch", "Schwarzpulver", ".", "In", "den", "groesseren", "Kalibern", "fanden", "sich", "zweibasige", "Treibladungspulver", "(", "Nitroglycerin", "-", "TLP", ")", "mit", "Zusaetzen", "von", "DNT", "und", "Dibutylphtalat", "(", "DBP", ")", ".", "Die", "einbasigen", "TLP", "zeigten", "sich", "mit", "Diphenylamin", "(", "DPA", ")", ",", "die", "mehrbasigen", "TLP", "mit", "Centralit", "I", "(", "C", "I", ")", "stabilisiert", ".", "Die", "Zuendsaetze", "enthielten", "als", "Sprengstoffe", "fast", "ausschliesslich", "Bleitrizinat", "und", "/", "oder", "Hexogen", ",", "als", "Sauerstofflieferanten", "Bariumnitrate", ".", "Eine", "Besonderheit", "der", "Knallkartuschenmunition", "ist", "das", "Vorhandensein", "eines", "scheibenfoermigen", "Zwischenmittels", ",", "das", "das", "Treibmittel", "zusammenhaelt", "und", "gegen", "den", "Huelsenboden", "drueckt", ".", "Aufgrund", "des", "geringen", "Gewichtes", "kommt", "den", "Zwischenmitteln", "keine", "wesentliche", "kinetische", "Energie", "zu", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Analysen is an umlsterm, HPLC is an umlsterm, Roentgenfluoreszenz is an umlsterm, Diphenylamin is an umlsterm, Sauerstofflieferanten is an umlsterm, Bariumnitrate is an umlsterm, Huelsenboden is an umlsterm	Rechtsmedizin.80080094.ger.abstr_task1	Sentence: Knallkartuschen ( " Platzpatronen " ) , die zum Verschiessen aus Schreckschusswaffen ( § 22 WaffG ) bestimmt sind , wurden hinsichtlich ihres Aufbaues sowie des Treib- und Zuendmittels untersucht . Zur Untersuchung gelangte Kartuschenmunition saemtlicher fuer Kurzwaffen erhaeltlicher Kaliber . Der Aufbau der Huelsen sowie der Zuendelemente entsprachen im wesentlichem dem von Patronenmunition . Die Analysen der Treibladungspulver ( TLP ) erfolgten mittels HPLC , die der Zuendsaetze durch Roentgenfluoreszenz und Roentgendiffraktion : Bei Knallkartuschen fand sich als Treibmittel ueberwiegend einbasiges Treibladungspulver ( Nitrocellulose-TLP ) , vereinzelt aber auch Schwarzpulver . In den groesseren Kalibern fanden sich zweibasige Treibladungspulver ( Nitroglycerin-TLP ) mit Zusaetzen von DNT und Dibutylphtalat ( DBP ) . Die einbasigen TLP zeigten sich mit Diphenylamin ( DPA ) , die mehrbasigen TLP mit Centralit I ( C I ) stabilisiert . Die Zuendsaetze enthielten als Sprengstoffe fast ausschliesslich Bleitrizinat und/oder Hexogen , als Sauerstofflieferanten Bariumnitrate . Eine Besonderheit der Knallkartuschenmunition ist das Vorhandensein eines scheibenfoermigen Zwischenmittels , das das Treibmittel zusammenhaelt und gegen den Huelsenboden drueckt . Aufgrund des geringen Gewichtes kommt den Zwischenmitteln keine wesentliche kinetische Energie zu . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Analysen, HPLC, Roentgenfluoreszenz, Diphenylamin, Sauerstofflieferanten, Bariumnitrate, Huelsenboden Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Knallkartuschen ( " Platzpatronen " ) , die zum Verschiessen aus Schreckschusswaffen ( § 22 WaffG ) bestimmt sind , wurden hinsichtlich ihres Aufbaues sowie des Treib- und Zuendmittels untersucht . Zur Untersuchung gelangte Kartuschenmunition saemtlicher fuer Kurzwaffen erhaeltlicher Kaliber . Der Aufbau der Huelsen sowie der Zuendelemente entsprachen im wesentlichem dem von Patronenmunition . Die Analysen der Treibladungspulver ( TLP ) erfolgten mittels HPLC , die der Zuendsaetze durch Roentgenfluoreszenz und Roentgendiffraktion : Bei Knallkartuschen fand sich als Treibmittel ueberwiegend einbasiges Treibladungspulver ( Nitrocellulose-TLP ) , vereinzelt aber auch Schwarzpulver . In den groesseren Kalibern fanden sich zweibasige Treibladungspulver ( Nitroglycerin-TLP ) mit Zusaetzen von DNT und Dibutylphtalat ( DBP ) . Die einbasigen TLP zeigten sich mit Diphenylamin ( DPA ) , die mehrbasigen TLP mit Centralit I ( C I ) stabilisiert . Die Zuendsaetze enthielten als Sprengstoffe fast ausschliesslich Bleitrizinat und/oder Hexogen , als Sauerstofflieferanten Bariumnitrate . Eine Besonderheit der Knallkartuschenmunition ist das Vorhandensein eines scheibenfoermigen Zwischenmittels , das das Treibmittel zusammenhaelt und gegen den Huelsenboden drueckt . Aufgrund des geringen Gewichtes kommt den Zwischenmitteln keine wesentliche kinetische Energie zu .	[ "Knallkartuschen", "(", "\"", "Platzpatronen", "\"", ")", ",", "die", "zum", "Verschiessen", "aus", "Schreckschusswaffen", "(", "§", "22", "WaffG", ")", "bestimmt", "sind", ",", "wurden", "hinsichtlich", "ihres", "Aufbaues", "sowie", "des", "Treib-", "und", "Zuendmittels", "untersucht", ".", "Zur", "Untersuchung", "gelangte", "Kartuschenmunition", "saemtlicher", "fuer", "Kurzwaffen", "erhaeltlicher", "Kaliber", ".", "Der", "Aufbau", "der", "Huelsen", "sowie", "der", "Zuendelemente", "entsprachen", "im", "wesentlichem", "dem", "von", "Patronenmunition", ".", "Die", "Analysen", "der", "Treibladungspulver", "(", "TLP", ")", "erfolgten", "mittels", "HPLC", ",", "die", "der", "Zuendsaetze", "durch", "Roentgenfluoreszenz", "und", "Roentgendiffraktion", ":", "Bei", "Knallkartuschen", "fand", "sich", "als", "Treibmittel", "ueberwiegend", "einbasiges", "Treibladungspulver", "(", "Nitrocellulose", "-", "TLP", ")", ",", "vereinzelt", "aber", "auch", "Schwarzpulver", ".", "In", "den", "groesseren", "Kalibern", "fanden", "sich", "zweibasige", "Treibladungspulver", "(", "Nitroglycerin", "-", "TLP", ")", "mit", "Zusaetzen", "von", "DNT", "und", "Dibutylphtalat", "(", "DBP", ")", ".", "Die", "einbasigen", "TLP", "zeigten", "sich", "mit", "Diphenylamin", "(", "DPA", ")", ",", "die", "mehrbasigen", "TLP", "mit", "Centralit", "I", "(", "C", "I", ")", "stabilisiert", ".", "Die", "Zuendsaetze", "enthielten", "als", "Sprengstoffe", "fast", "ausschliesslich", "Bleitrizinat", "und", "/", "oder", "Hexogen", ",", "als", "Sauerstofflieferanten", "Bariumnitrate", ".", "Eine", "Besonderheit", "der", "Knallkartuschenmunition", "ist", "das", "Vorhandensein", "eines", "scheibenfoermigen", "Zwischenmittels", ",", "das", "das", "Treibmittel", "zusammenhaelt", "und", "gegen", "den", "Huelsenboden", "drueckt", ".", "Aufgrund", "des", "geringen", "Gewichtes", "kommt", "den", "Zwischenmitteln", "keine", "wesentliche", "kinetische", "Energie", "zu", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Analysen, HPLC, Roentgenfluoreszenz, Diphenylamin, Sauerstofflieferanten, Bariumnitrate, Huelsenboden	Rechtsmedizin.80080094.ger.abstr_task2	Sentence: Knallkartuschen ( " Platzpatronen " ) , die zum Verschiessen aus Schreckschusswaffen ( § 22 WaffG ) bestimmt sind , wurden hinsichtlich ihres Aufbaues sowie des Treib- und Zuendmittels untersucht . Zur Untersuchung gelangte Kartuschenmunition saemtlicher fuer Kurzwaffen erhaeltlicher Kaliber . Der Aufbau der Huelsen sowie der Zuendelemente entsprachen im wesentlichem dem von Patronenmunition . Die Analysen der Treibladungspulver ( TLP ) erfolgten mittels HPLC , die der Zuendsaetze durch Roentgenfluoreszenz und Roentgendiffraktion : Bei Knallkartuschen fand sich als Treibmittel ueberwiegend einbasiges Treibladungspulver ( Nitrocellulose-TLP ) , vereinzelt aber auch Schwarzpulver . In den groesseren Kalibern fanden sich zweibasige Treibladungspulver ( Nitroglycerin-TLP ) mit Zusaetzen von DNT und Dibutylphtalat ( DBP ) . Die einbasigen TLP zeigten sich mit Diphenylamin ( DPA ) , die mehrbasigen TLP mit Centralit I ( C I ) stabilisiert . Die Zuendsaetze enthielten als Sprengstoffe fast ausschliesslich Bleitrizinat und/oder Hexogen , als Sauerstofflieferanten Bariumnitrate . Eine Besonderheit der Knallkartuschenmunition ist das Vorhandensein eines scheibenfoermigen Zwischenmittels , das das Treibmittel zusammenhaelt und gegen den Huelsenboden drueckt . Aufgrund des geringen Gewichtes kommt den Zwischenmitteln keine wesentliche kinetische Energie zu . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Knallkartuschen ( " Platzpatronen " ) , die zum Verschiessen aus Schreckschusswaffen ( § 22 WaffG ) bestimmt sind , wurden hinsichtlich ihres Aufbaues sowie des Treib- und Zuendmittels untersucht . Zur Untersuchung gelangte Kartuschenmunition saemtlicher fuer Kurzwaffen erhaeltlicher Kaliber . Der Aufbau der Huelsen sowie der Zuendelemente entsprachen im wesentlichem dem von Patronenmunition . Die Analysen der Treibladungspulver ( TLP ) erfolgten mittels HPLC , die der Zuendsaetze durch Roentgenfluoreszenz und Roentgendiffraktion : Bei Knallkartuschen fand sich als Treibmittel ueberwiegend einbasiges Treibladungspulver ( Nitrocellulose-TLP ) , vereinzelt aber auch Schwarzpulver . In den groesseren Kalibern fanden sich zweibasige Treibladungspulver ( Nitroglycerin-TLP ) mit Zusaetzen von DNT und Dibutylphtalat ( DBP ) . Die einbasigen TLP zeigten sich mit Diphenylamin ( DPA ) , die mehrbasigen TLP mit Centralit I ( C I ) stabilisiert . Die Zuendsaetze enthielten als Sprengstoffe fast ausschliesslich Bleitrizinat und/oder Hexogen , als Sauerstofflieferanten Bariumnitrate . Eine Besonderheit der Knallkartuschenmunition ist das Vorhandensein eines scheibenfoermigen Zwischenmittels , das das Treibmittel zusammenhaelt und gegen den Huelsenboden drueckt . Aufgrund des geringen Gewichtes kommt den Zwischenmitteln keine wesentliche kinetische Energie zu .	[ "Knallkartuschen", "(", "\"", "Platzpatronen", "\"", ")", ",", "die", "zum", "Verschiessen", "aus", "Schreckschusswaffen", "(", "§", "22", "WaffG", ")", "bestimmt", "sind", ",", "wurden", "hinsichtlich", "ihres", "Aufbaues", "sowie", "des", "Treib-", "und", "Zuendmittels", "untersucht", ".", "Zur", "Untersuchung", "gelangte", "Kartuschenmunition", "saemtlicher", "fuer", "Kurzwaffen", "erhaeltlicher", "Kaliber", ".", "Der", "Aufbau", "der", "Huelsen", "sowie", "der", "Zuendelemente", "entsprachen", "im", "wesentlichem", "dem", "von", "Patronenmunition", ".", "Die", "Analysen", "der", "Treibladungspulver", "(", "TLP", ")", "erfolgten", "mittels", "HPLC", ",", "die", "der", "Zuendsaetze", "durch", "Roentgenfluoreszenz", "und", "Roentgendiffraktion", ":", "Bei", "Knallkartuschen", "fand", "sich", "als", "Treibmittel", "ueberwiegend", "einbasiges", "Treibladungspulver", "(", "Nitrocellulose", "-", "TLP", ")", ",", "vereinzelt", "aber", "auch", "Schwarzpulver", ".", "In", "den", "groesseren", "Kalibern", "fanden", "sich", "zweibasige", "Treibladungspulver", "(", "Nitroglycerin", "-", "TLP", ")", "mit", "Zusaetzen", "von", "DNT", "und", "Dibutylphtalat", "(", "DBP", ")", ".", "Die", "einbasigen", "TLP", "zeigten", "sich", "mit", "Diphenylamin", "(", "DPA", ")", ",", "die", "mehrbasigen", "TLP", "mit", "Centralit", "I", "(", "C", "I", ")", "stabilisiert", ".", "Die", "Zuendsaetze", "enthielten", "als", "Sprengstoffe", "fast", "ausschliesslich", "Bleitrizinat", "und", "/", "oder", "Hexogen", ",", "als", "Sauerstofflieferanten", "Bariumnitrate", ".", "Eine", "Besonderheit", "der", "Knallkartuschenmunition", "ist", "das", "Vorhandensein", "eines", "scheibenfoermigen", "Zwischenmittels", ",", "das", "das", "Treibmittel", "zusammenhaelt", "und", "gegen", "den", "Huelsenboden", "drueckt", ".", "Aufgrund", "des", "geringen", "Gewichtes", "kommt", "den", "Zwischenmitteln", "keine", "wesentliche", "kinetische", "Energie", "zu", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
insulin is a protein, diacylglycerol is a compound, insulin is a protein	DS.d1531_task0	Sentence: Intramuscular triacylglycerol does not appear to be a ubiquitous marker of insulin resistance, although specific IMCL intermediates such as long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs, ceramide, and diacylglycerol may inhibit insulin signal transduction. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: compound, protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O" ]	Intramuscular triacylglycerol does not appear to be a ubiquitous marker of insulin resistance, although specific IMCL intermediates such as long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs, ceramide, and diacylglycerol may inhibit insulin signal transduction.	[ "Intramuscular", "triacylglycerol", "does", "not", "appear", "to", "be", "a", "ubiquitous", "marker", "of", "insulin", "resistance", ",", "although", "specific", "IMCL", "intermediates", "such", "as", "long", "-", "chain", "fatty", "acyl", "-", "CoAs", ",", "ceramide", ",", "and", "diacylglycerol", "may", "inhibit", "insulin", "signal", "transduction", "." ]	[ "compound", "protein" ]
insulin is a protein, diacylglycerol is a compound, insulin is a protein	DS.d1531_task1	Sentence: Intramuscular triacylglycerol does not appear to be a ubiquitous marker of insulin resistance, although specific IMCL intermediates such as long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs, ceramide, and diacylglycerol may inhibit insulin signal transduction. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: insulin, diacylglycerol, insulin Options: compound, protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O" ]	Intramuscular triacylglycerol does not appear to be a ubiquitous marker of insulin resistance, although specific IMCL intermediates such as long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs, ceramide, and diacylglycerol may inhibit insulin signal transduction.	[ "Intramuscular", "triacylglycerol", "does", "not", "appear", "to", "be", "a", "ubiquitous", "marker", "of", "insulin", "resistance", ",", "although", "specific", "IMCL", "intermediates", "such", "as", "long", "-", "chain", "fatty", "acyl", "-", "CoAs", ",", "ceramide", ",", "and", "diacylglycerol", "may", "inhibit", "insulin", "signal", "transduction", "." ]	[ "compound", "protein" ]
insulin, diacylglycerol, insulin	DS.d1531_task2	Sentence: Intramuscular triacylglycerol does not appear to be a ubiquitous marker of insulin resistance, although specific IMCL intermediates such as long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs, ceramide, and diacylglycerol may inhibit insulin signal transduction. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O" ]	Intramuscular triacylglycerol does not appear to be a ubiquitous marker of insulin resistance, although specific IMCL intermediates such as long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs, ceramide, and diacylglycerol may inhibit insulin signal transduction.	[ "Intramuscular", "triacylglycerol", "does", "not", "appear", "to", "be", "a", "ubiquitous", "marker", "of", "insulin", "resistance", ",", "although", "specific", "IMCL", "intermediates", "such", "as", "long", "-", "chain", "fatty", "acyl", "-", "CoAs", ",", "ceramide", ",", "and", "diacylglycerol", "may", "inhibit", "insulin", "signal", "transduction", "." ]	[ "compound", "protein" ]
toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 is a Protein, TSST-1 is a Protein, staphylococcal enterotoxin A is a Protein, SEA is a Protein, chloramphenicol acetyl transferase is a Protein, granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor is a Protein, tumor necrosis factor - alpha is a Protein	8062448_task0	Sentence: Superantigens activate HIV-1 gene expression in monocytic cells. Binding of superantigens to MHC class II molecules results in transduction of biochemical signals leading to cellular activation and gene expression. We demonstrate that the staphylococcal superantigens toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) activate HIV-1-LTR-driven transcription of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase in the human monocytic cell line THP-1. Induction of HIV-1-LTR-driven transcription in THP-1 cells by superantigens was associated with the induction of nuclear factor-kappa B DNA-binding activity. Superantigens also increased viral protein secretion from the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-pretreated chronically infected human monocytic cell line U1. Induction of HIV-1 gene expression in monocytic cells by superantigens occurred via tumor necrosis factor-alpha-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Our results suggest that superantigens and other MHC class II ligands may activate HIV-1 gene expression in monocytes/macrophages. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Superantigens activate HIV-1 gene expression in monocytic cells. Binding of superantigens to MHC class II molecules results in transduction of biochemical signals leading to cellular activation and gene expression. We demonstrate that the staphylococcal superantigens toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) activate HIV-1-LTR-driven transcription of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase in the human monocytic cell line THP-1. Induction of HIV-1-LTR-driven transcription in THP-1 cells by superantigens was associated with the induction of nuclear factor-kappa B DNA-binding activity. Superantigens also increased viral protein secretion from the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-pretreated chronically infected human monocytic cell line U1. Induction of HIV-1 gene expression in monocytic cells by superantigens occurred via tumor necrosis factor-alpha-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Our results suggest that superantigens and other MHC class II ligands may activate HIV-1 gene expression in monocytes/macrophages.	[ "Superantigens", "activate", "HIV-1", "gene", "expression", "in", "monocytic", "cells", ".", "\n", "Binding", "of", "superantigens", "to", "MHC", "class", "II", "molecules", "results", "in", "transduction", "of", "biochemical", "signals", "leading", "to", "cellular", "activation", "and", "gene", "expression", ".", "We", "demonstrate", "that", "the", "staphylococcal", "superantigens", "toxic", "shock", "syndrome", "toxin-1", "(", "TSST-1", ")", "and", "staphylococcal", "enterotoxin", "A", "(", "SEA", ")", "activate", "HIV-1-LTR", "-", "driven", "transcription", "of", "chloramphenicol", "acetyl", "transferase", "in", "the", "human", "monocytic", "cell", "line", "THP-1", ".", "Induction", "of", "HIV-1-LTR", "-", "driven", "transcription", "in", "THP-1", "cells", "by", "superantigens", "was", "associated", "with", "the", "induction", "of", "nuclear", "factor", "-", "kappa", "B", "DNA", "-", "binding", "activity", ".", "Superantigens", "also", "increased", "viral", "protein", "secretion", "from", "the", "granulocyte", "-", "macrophage", "colony", "-", "stimulating", "factor", "-", "pretreated", "chronically", "infected", "human", "monocytic", "cell", "line", "U1", ".", "Induction", "of", "HIV-1", "gene", "expression", "in", "monocytic", "cells", "by", "superantigens", "occurred", "via", "tumor", "necrosis", "factor", "-", "alpha", "-", "dependent", "and", "-independent", "mechanisms", ".", "Our", "results", "suggest", "that", "superantigens", "and", "other", "MHC", "class", "II", "ligands", "may", "activate", "HIV-1", "gene", "expression", "in", "monocytes", "/", "macrophages", "." ]	[ "Protein" ]
toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 is a Protein, TSST-1 is a Protein, staphylococcal enterotoxin A is a Protein, SEA is a Protein, chloramphenicol acetyl transferase is a Protein, granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor is a Protein, tumor necrosis factor - alpha is a Protein	8062448_task1	Sentence: Superantigens activate HIV-1 gene expression in monocytic cells. Binding of superantigens to MHC class II molecules results in transduction of biochemical signals leading to cellular activation and gene expression. We demonstrate that the staphylococcal superantigens toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) activate HIV-1-LTR-driven transcription of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase in the human monocytic cell line THP-1. Induction of HIV-1-LTR-driven transcription in THP-1 cells by superantigens was associated with the induction of nuclear factor-kappa B DNA-binding activity. Superantigens also increased viral protein secretion from the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-pretreated chronically infected human monocytic cell line U1. Induction of HIV-1 gene expression in monocytic cells by superantigens occurred via tumor necrosis factor-alpha-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Our results suggest that superantigens and other MHC class II ligands may activate HIV-1 gene expression in monocytes/macrophages. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: toxic shock syndrome toxin-1, TSST-1, staphylococcal enterotoxin A, SEA, chloramphenicol acetyl transferase, granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor, tumor necrosis factor - alpha Options: Protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Superantigens activate HIV-1 gene expression in monocytic cells. Binding of superantigens to MHC class II molecules results in transduction of biochemical signals leading to cellular activation and gene expression. We demonstrate that the staphylococcal superantigens toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) activate HIV-1-LTR-driven transcription of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase in the human monocytic cell line THP-1. Induction of HIV-1-LTR-driven transcription in THP-1 cells by superantigens was associated with the induction of nuclear factor-kappa B DNA-binding activity. Superantigens also increased viral protein secretion from the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-pretreated chronically infected human monocytic cell line U1. Induction of HIV-1 gene expression in monocytic cells by superantigens occurred via tumor necrosis factor-alpha-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Our results suggest that superantigens and other MHC class II ligands may activate HIV-1 gene expression in monocytes/macrophages.	[ "Superantigens", "activate", "HIV-1", "gene", "expression", "in", "monocytic", "cells", ".", "\n", "Binding", "of", "superantigens", "to", "MHC", "class", "II", "molecules", "results", "in", "transduction", "of", "biochemical", "signals", "leading", "to", "cellular", "activation", "and", "gene", "expression", ".", "We", "demonstrate", "that", "the", "staphylococcal", "superantigens", "toxic", "shock", "syndrome", "toxin-1", "(", "TSST-1", ")", "and", "staphylococcal", "enterotoxin", "A", "(", "SEA", ")", "activate", "HIV-1-LTR", "-", "driven", "transcription", "of", "chloramphenicol", "acetyl", "transferase", "in", "the", "human", "monocytic", "cell", "line", "THP-1", ".", "Induction", "of", "HIV-1-LTR", "-", "driven", "transcription", "in", "THP-1", "cells", "by", "superantigens", "was", "associated", "with", "the", "induction", "of", "nuclear", "factor", "-", "kappa", "B", "DNA", "-", "binding", "activity", ".", "Superantigens", "also", "increased", "viral", "protein", "secretion", "from", "the", "granulocyte", "-", "macrophage", "colony", "-", "stimulating", "factor", "-", "pretreated", "chronically", "infected", "human", "monocytic", "cell", "line", "U1", ".", "Induction", "of", "HIV-1", "gene", "expression", "in", "monocytic", "cells", "by", "superantigens", "occurred", "via", "tumor", "necrosis", "factor", "-", "alpha", "-", "dependent", "and", "-independent", "mechanisms", ".", "Our", "results", "suggest", "that", "superantigens", "and", "other", "MHC", "class", "II", "ligands", "may", "activate", "HIV-1", "gene", "expression", "in", "monocytes", "/", "macrophages", "." ]	[ "Protein" ]
toxic shock syndrome toxin-1, TSST-1, staphylococcal enterotoxin A, SEA, chloramphenicol acetyl transferase, granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor, tumor necrosis factor - alpha	8062448_task2	Sentence: Superantigens activate HIV-1 gene expression in monocytic cells. Binding of superantigens to MHC class II molecules results in transduction of biochemical signals leading to cellular activation and gene expression. We demonstrate that the staphylococcal superantigens toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) activate HIV-1-LTR-driven transcription of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase in the human monocytic cell line THP-1. Induction of HIV-1-LTR-driven transcription in THP-1 cells by superantigens was associated with the induction of nuclear factor-kappa B DNA-binding activity. Superantigens also increased viral protein secretion from the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-pretreated chronically infected human monocytic cell line U1. Induction of HIV-1 gene expression in monocytic cells by superantigens occurred via tumor necrosis factor-alpha-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Our results suggest that superantigens and other MHC class II ligands may activate HIV-1 gene expression in monocytes/macrophages. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Superantigens activate HIV-1 gene expression in monocytic cells. Binding of superantigens to MHC class II molecules results in transduction of biochemical signals leading to cellular activation and gene expression. We demonstrate that the staphylococcal superantigens toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) activate HIV-1-LTR-driven transcription of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase in the human monocytic cell line THP-1. Induction of HIV-1-LTR-driven transcription in THP-1 cells by superantigens was associated with the induction of nuclear factor-kappa B DNA-binding activity. Superantigens also increased viral protein secretion from the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-pretreated chronically infected human monocytic cell line U1. Induction of HIV-1 gene expression in monocytic cells by superantigens occurred via tumor necrosis factor-alpha-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Our results suggest that superantigens and other MHC class II ligands may activate HIV-1 gene expression in monocytes/macrophages.	[ "Superantigens", "activate", "HIV-1", "gene", "expression", "in", "monocytic", "cells", ".", "\n", "Binding", "of", "superantigens", "to", "MHC", "class", "II", "molecules", "results", "in", "transduction", "of", "biochemical", "signals", "leading", "to", "cellular", "activation", "and", "gene", "expression", ".", "We", "demonstrate", "that", "the", "staphylococcal", "superantigens", "toxic", "shock", "syndrome", "toxin-1", "(", "TSST-1", ")", "and", "staphylococcal", "enterotoxin", "A", "(", "SEA", ")", "activate", "HIV-1-LTR", "-", "driven", "transcription", "of", "chloramphenicol", "acetyl", "transferase", "in", "the", "human", "monocytic", "cell", "line", "THP-1", ".", "Induction", "of", "HIV-1-LTR", "-", "driven", "transcription", "in", "THP-1", "cells", "by", "superantigens", "was", "associated", "with", "the", "induction", "of", "nuclear", "factor", "-", "kappa", "B", "DNA", "-", "binding", "activity", ".", "Superantigens", "also", "increased", "viral", "protein", "secretion", "from", "the", "granulocyte", "-", "macrophage", "colony", "-", "stimulating", "factor", "-", "pretreated", "chronically", "infected", "human", "monocytic", "cell", "line", "U1", ".", "Induction", "of", "HIV-1", "gene", "expression", "in", "monocytic", "cells", "by", "superantigens", "occurred", "via", "tumor", "necrosis", "factor", "-", "alpha", "-", "dependent", "and", "-independent", "mechanisms", ".", "Our", "results", "suggest", "that", "superantigens", "and", "other", "MHC", "class", "II", "ligands", "may", "activate", "HIV-1", "gene", "expression", "in", "monocytes", "/", "macrophages", "." ]	[ "Protein" ]
indication is a Condition, oral anticoagulation is a Drug, atrial fibrillation is a Condition, mechanic heart valves , recurrent thrombophlebitis , antiphospholipid syndrome is a Scope, Life expectancy is a Observation, < 6 months is a Value, terminal cancer is a Condition, Live donor transplantation is a Procedure, scheduled is a Mood, within 6 months is a Temporal, hypersensibility is a Condition, coumadin or indoine is a Scope, Severe is a Qualifier, liver failure is a Condition	NCT02886962_exc_task0	Sentence: Formal indication to oral anticoagulation beside atrial fibrillation (mechanic heart valves, recurrent thrombophlebitis, antiphospholipid syndrome) Life expectancy < 6 months (e.g., terminal cancer) Live donor transplantation scheduled within 6 months Pregnancy (ß-HCG blood-based assay)or nursing (lactating) women Women of child bearing potential, unless they are using an effective method of birth control Patient under legal guardianship Patients under law protection Known hypersensibility to coumadin or indoine derivatives or to any excipients (CI to oral AVK) Severe liver failure (CI to oral AVK) Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Temporal, Condition, Qualifier, Value, Observation, Procedure, Scope, Mood, Drug	[ "O", "B-Condition", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "B-Observation", "I-Observation", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "B-Procedure", "I-Procedure", "I-Procedure", "B-Mood", "B-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Formal indication to oral anticoagulation beside atrial fibrillation (mechanic heart valves, recurrent thrombophlebitis, antiphospholipid syndrome) Life expectancy < 6 months (e.g., terminal cancer) Live donor transplantation scheduled within 6 months Pregnancy (ß-HCG blood-based assay)or nursing (lactating) women Women of child bearing potential, unless they are using an effective method of birth control Patient under legal guardianship Patients under law protection Known hypersensibility to coumadin or indoine derivatives or to any excipients (CI to oral AVK) Severe liver failure (CI to oral AVK)	[ "Formal", "indication", "to", "oral", "anticoagulation", "beside", "atrial", "fibrillation", "(", "mechanic", "heart", "valves", ",", "recurrent", "thrombophlebitis", ",", "antiphospholipid", "syndrome", ")", "\n", "Life", "expectancy", "<", "6", "months", "(", "e.g", ".", ",", "terminal", "cancer", ")", "\n", "Live", "donor", "transplantation", "scheduled", "within", "6", "months", "\n", "Pregnancy", "(", "ß", "-", "HCG", "blood", "-", "based", "assay)or", "nursing", "(", "lactating", ")", "women", "\n", "Women", "of", "child", "bearing", "potential", ",", "unless", "they", "are", "using", "an", "effective", "method", "of", "birth", "control", "\n", "Patient", "under", "legal", "guardianship", "\n", "Patients", "under", "law", "protection", "\n", "Known", "hypersensibility", "to", "coumadin", "or", "indoine", "derivatives", "or", "to", "any", "excipients", "(", "CI", "to", "oral", "AVK", ")", "\n", "Severe", "liver", "failure", "(", "CI", "to", "oral", "AVK", ")", "\n" ]	[ "Scope", "Condition", "Procedure", "Device", "Drug", "Observation", "Temporal", "Value", "Mood", "Qualifier" ]
indication is a Condition, oral anticoagulation is a Drug, atrial fibrillation is a Condition, mechanic heart valves , recurrent thrombophlebitis , antiphospholipid syndrome is a Scope, Life expectancy is a Observation, < 6 months is a Value, terminal cancer is a Condition, Live donor transplantation is a Procedure, scheduled is a Mood, within 6 months is a Temporal, hypersensibility is a Condition, coumadin or indoine is a Scope, Severe is a Qualifier, liver failure is a Condition	NCT02886962_exc_task1	Sentence: Formal indication to oral anticoagulation beside atrial fibrillation (mechanic heart valves, recurrent thrombophlebitis, antiphospholipid syndrome) Life expectancy < 6 months (e.g., terminal cancer) Live donor transplantation scheduled within 6 months Pregnancy (ß-HCG blood-based assay)or nursing (lactating) women Women of child bearing potential, unless they are using an effective method of birth control Patient under legal guardianship Patients under law protection Known hypersensibility to coumadin or indoine derivatives or to any excipients (CI to oral AVK) Severe liver failure (CI to oral AVK) Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: indication, oral anticoagulation, atrial fibrillation, mechanic heart valves , recurrent thrombophlebitis , antiphospholipid syndrome, Life expectancy, < 6 months, terminal cancer, Live donor transplantation, scheduled, within 6 months, hypersensibility, coumadin or indoine, Severe, liver failure Options: Temporal, Condition, Qualifier, Value, Observation, Procedure, Scope, Mood, Drug	[ "O", "B-Condition", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "B-Observation", "I-Observation", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "B-Procedure", "I-Procedure", "I-Procedure", "B-Mood", "B-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Formal indication to oral anticoagulation beside atrial fibrillation (mechanic heart valves, recurrent thrombophlebitis, antiphospholipid syndrome) Life expectancy < 6 months (e.g., terminal cancer) Live donor transplantation scheduled within 6 months Pregnancy (ß-HCG blood-based assay)or nursing (lactating) women Women of child bearing potential, unless they are using an effective method of birth control Patient under legal guardianship Patients under law protection Known hypersensibility to coumadin or indoine derivatives or to any excipients (CI to oral AVK) Severe liver failure (CI to oral AVK)	[ "Formal", "indication", "to", "oral", "anticoagulation", "beside", "atrial", "fibrillation", "(", "mechanic", "heart", "valves", ",", "recurrent", "thrombophlebitis", ",", "antiphospholipid", "syndrome", ")", "\n", "Life", "expectancy", "<", "6", "months", "(", "e.g", ".", ",", "terminal", "cancer", ")", "\n", "Live", "donor", "transplantation", "scheduled", "within", "6", "months", "\n", "Pregnancy", "(", "ß", "-", "HCG", "blood", "-", "based", "assay)or", "nursing", "(", "lactating", ")", "women", "\n", "Women", "of", "child", "bearing", "potential", ",", "unless", "they", "are", "using", "an", "effective", "method", "of", "birth", "control", "\n", "Patient", "under", "legal", "guardianship", "\n", "Patients", "under", "law", "protection", "\n", "Known", "hypersensibility", "to", "coumadin", "or", "indoine", "derivatives", "or", "to", "any", "excipients", "(", "CI", "to", "oral", "AVK", ")", "\n", "Severe", "liver", "failure", "(", "CI", "to", "oral", "AVK", ")", "\n" ]	[ "Scope", "Condition", "Procedure", "Device", "Drug", "Observation", "Temporal", "Value", "Mood", "Qualifier" ]
indication, oral anticoagulation, atrial fibrillation, mechanic heart valves , recurrent thrombophlebitis , antiphospholipid syndrome, Life expectancy, < 6 months, terminal cancer, Live donor transplantation, scheduled, within 6 months, hypersensibility, coumadin or indoine, Severe, liver failure	NCT02886962_exc_task2	Sentence: Formal indication to oral anticoagulation beside atrial fibrillation (mechanic heart valves, recurrent thrombophlebitis, antiphospholipid syndrome) Life expectancy < 6 months (e.g., terminal cancer) Live donor transplantation scheduled within 6 months Pregnancy (ß-HCG blood-based assay)or nursing (lactating) women Women of child bearing potential, unless they are using an effective method of birth control Patient under legal guardianship Patients under law protection Known hypersensibility to coumadin or indoine derivatives or to any excipients (CI to oral AVK) Severe liver failure (CI to oral AVK) Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "B-Condition", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "B-Observation", "I-Observation", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "B-Procedure", "I-Procedure", "I-Procedure", "B-Mood", "B-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Formal indication to oral anticoagulation beside atrial fibrillation (mechanic heart valves, recurrent thrombophlebitis, antiphospholipid syndrome) Life expectancy < 6 months (e.g., terminal cancer) Live donor transplantation scheduled within 6 months Pregnancy (ß-HCG blood-based assay)or nursing (lactating) women Women of child bearing potential, unless they are using an effective method of birth control Patient under legal guardianship Patients under law protection Known hypersensibility to coumadin or indoine derivatives or to any excipients (CI to oral AVK) Severe liver failure (CI to oral AVK)	[ "Formal", "indication", "to", "oral", "anticoagulation", "beside", "atrial", "fibrillation", "(", "mechanic", "heart", "valves", ",", "recurrent", "thrombophlebitis", ",", "antiphospholipid", "syndrome", ")", "\n", "Life", "expectancy", "<", "6", "months", "(", "e.g", ".", ",", "terminal", "cancer", ")", "\n", "Live", "donor", "transplantation", "scheduled", "within", "6", "months", "\n", "Pregnancy", "(", "ß", "-", "HCG", "blood", "-", "based", "assay)or", "nursing", "(", "lactating", ")", "women", "\n", "Women", "of", "child", "bearing", "potential", ",", "unless", "they", "are", "using", "an", "effective", "method", "of", "birth", "control", "\n", "Patient", "under", "legal", "guardianship", "\n", "Patients", "under", "law", "protection", "\n", "Known", "hypersensibility", "to", "coumadin", "or", "indoine", "derivatives", "or", "to", "any", "excipients", "(", "CI", "to", "oral", "AVK", ")", "\n", "Severe", "liver", "failure", "(", "CI", "to", "oral", "AVK", ")", "\n" ]	[ "Scope", "Condition", "Procedure", "Device", "Drug", "Observation", "Temporal", "Value", "Mood", "Qualifier" ]
Pain is an umlsterm, symptom is an umlsterm, weight bearing is an umlsterm, fracture is an umlsterm, diagnosis is an umlsterm, pseudarthrosis is an umlsterm, signs is an umlsterm, surgical is an umlsterm, diagnosis is an umlsterm, pseudarthrosis is an umlsterm, fracture healing is an umlsterm, evaluation is an umlsterm, surgery is an umlsterm	DerChirurg.90701209.eng.abstr_task0	Sentence: Pain is not always the leading symptom of a failed union . High primary stability often allows full weight bearing in spite of fracture instability . The difficult diagnosis of a pseudarthrosis is a reason for late intervention . Implant failure and implant breakage are typical signs of surgical underestimation . Finally , the diagnosis " pseudarthrosis " is a fluent one and is defined as a failed fracture healing despite implant stability . Recognizaton of biological and biomechanical failure , this demands correct evaluation of the global situation and extensive experience in revision surgery on the part of the surgeon . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Pain is not always the leading symptom of a failed union . High primary stability often allows full weight bearing in spite of fracture instability . The difficult diagnosis of a pseudarthrosis is a reason for late intervention . Implant failure and implant breakage are typical signs of surgical underestimation . Finally , the diagnosis " pseudarthrosis " is a fluent one and is defined as a failed fracture healing despite implant stability . Recognizaton of biological and biomechanical failure , this demands correct evaluation of the global situation and extensive experience in revision surgery on the part of the surgeon .	[ "Pain", "is", "not", "always", "the", "leading", "symptom", "of", "a", "failed", "union", ".", "High", "primary", "stability", "often", "allows", "full", "weight", "bearing", "in", "spite", "of", "fracture", "instability", ".", "The", "difficult", "diagnosis", "of", "a", "pseudarthrosis", "is", "a", "reason", "for", "late", "intervention", ".", "Implant", "failure", "and", "implant", "breakage", "are", "typical", "signs", "of", "surgical", "underestimation", ".", "Finally", ",", "the", "diagnosis", "\"", "pseudarthrosis", "\"", "is", "a", "fluent", "one", "and", "is", "defined", "as", "a", "failed", "fracture", "healing", "despite", "implant", "stability", ".", "Recognizaton", "of", "biological", "and", "biomechanical", "failure", ",", "this", "demands", "correct", "evaluation", "of", "the", "global", "situation", "and", "extensive", "experience", "in", "revision", "surgery", "on", "the", "part", "of", "the", "surgeon", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Pain is an umlsterm, symptom is an umlsterm, weight bearing is an umlsterm, fracture is an umlsterm, diagnosis is an umlsterm, pseudarthrosis is an umlsterm, signs is an umlsterm, surgical is an umlsterm, diagnosis is an umlsterm, pseudarthrosis is an umlsterm, fracture healing is an umlsterm, evaluation is an umlsterm, surgery is an umlsterm	DerChirurg.90701209.eng.abstr_task1	Sentence: Pain is not always the leading symptom of a failed union . High primary stability often allows full weight bearing in spite of fracture instability . The difficult diagnosis of a pseudarthrosis is a reason for late intervention . Implant failure and implant breakage are typical signs of surgical underestimation . Finally , the diagnosis " pseudarthrosis " is a fluent one and is defined as a failed fracture healing despite implant stability . Recognizaton of biological and biomechanical failure , this demands correct evaluation of the global situation and extensive experience in revision surgery on the part of the surgeon . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Pain, symptom, weight bearing, fracture, diagnosis, pseudarthrosis, signs, surgical, diagnosis, pseudarthrosis, fracture healing, evaluation, surgery Options: umlsterm	[ "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Pain is not always the leading symptom of a failed union . High primary stability often allows full weight bearing in spite of fracture instability . The difficult diagnosis of a pseudarthrosis is a reason for late intervention . Implant failure and implant breakage are typical signs of surgical underestimation . Finally , the diagnosis " pseudarthrosis " is a fluent one and is defined as a failed fracture healing despite implant stability . Recognizaton of biological and biomechanical failure , this demands correct evaluation of the global situation and extensive experience in revision surgery on the part of the surgeon .	[ "Pain", "is", "not", "always", "the", "leading", "symptom", "of", "a", "failed", "union", ".", "High", "primary", "stability", "often", "allows", "full", "weight", "bearing", "in", "spite", "of", "fracture", "instability", ".", "The", "difficult", "diagnosis", "of", "a", "pseudarthrosis", "is", "a", "reason", "for", "late", "intervention", ".", "Implant", "failure", "and", "implant", "breakage", "are", "typical", "signs", "of", "surgical", "underestimation", ".", "Finally", ",", "the", "diagnosis", "\"", "pseudarthrosis", "\"", "is", "a", "fluent", "one", "and", "is", "defined", "as", "a", "failed", "fracture", "healing", "despite", "implant", "stability", ".", "Recognizaton", "of", "biological", "and", "biomechanical", "failure", ",", "this", "demands", "correct", "evaluation", "of", "the", "global", "situation", "and", "extensive", "experience", "in", "revision", "surgery", "on", "the", "part", "of", "the", "surgeon", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Pain, symptom, weight bearing, fracture, diagnosis, pseudarthrosis, signs, surgical, diagnosis, pseudarthrosis, fracture healing, evaluation, surgery	DerChirurg.90701209.eng.abstr_task2	Sentence: Pain is not always the leading symptom of a failed union . High primary stability often allows full weight bearing in spite of fracture instability . The difficult diagnosis of a pseudarthrosis is a reason for late intervention . Implant failure and implant breakage are typical signs of surgical underestimation . Finally , the diagnosis " pseudarthrosis " is a fluent one and is defined as a failed fracture healing despite implant stability . Recognizaton of biological and biomechanical failure , this demands correct evaluation of the global situation and extensive experience in revision surgery on the part of the surgeon . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Pain is not always the leading symptom of a failed union . High primary stability often allows full weight bearing in spite of fracture instability . The difficult diagnosis of a pseudarthrosis is a reason for late intervention . Implant failure and implant breakage are typical signs of surgical underestimation . Finally , the diagnosis " pseudarthrosis " is a fluent one and is defined as a failed fracture healing despite implant stability . Recognizaton of biological and biomechanical failure , this demands correct evaluation of the global situation and extensive experience in revision surgery on the part of the surgeon .	[ "Pain", "is", "not", "always", "the", "leading", "symptom", "of", "a", "failed", "union", ".", "High", "primary", "stability", "often", "allows", "full", "weight", "bearing", "in", "spite", "of", "fracture", "instability", ".", "The", "difficult", "diagnosis", "of", "a", "pseudarthrosis", "is", "a", "reason", "for", "late", "intervention", ".", "Implant", "failure", "and", "implant", "breakage", "are", "typical", "signs", "of", "surgical", "underestimation", ".", "Finally", ",", "the", "diagnosis", "\"", "pseudarthrosis", "\"", "is", "a", "fluent", "one", "and", "is", "defined", "as", "a", "failed", "fracture", "healing", "despite", "implant", "stability", ".", "Recognizaton", "of", "biological", "and", "biomechanical", "failure", ",", "this", "demands", "correct", "evaluation", "of", "the", "global", "situation", "and", "extensive", "experience", "in", "revision", "surgery", "on", "the", "part", "of", "the", "surgeon", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
heat shock protein 27 is a Gene_or_gene_product, HSP27 is a Gene_or_gene_product, patients is a Organism, oral squamous cell carcinoma is a Cancer, Heat shock proteins is a Gene_or_gene_product, HSPs is a Gene_or_gene_product, Heat shock protein 27 is a Gene_or_gene_product, HSP27 is a Gene_or_gene_product, small heat shock proteins is a Gene_or_gene_product, HSP27 is a Gene_or_gene_product, cancers is a Cancer, Archival tissues is a Tissue, patients is a Organism, oral squamous cell carcinoma is a Cancer, HSP27 is a Gene_or_gene_product, lymph node is a Multi-tissue_structure, HSP27 is a Gene_or_gene_product, HSP27 is a Gene_or_gene_product, lymph node is a Multi-tissue_structure, HSP27 is a Gene_or_gene_product, HSP27 is a Gene_or_gene_product, patients is a Organism, oral squamous cell carcinoma is a Cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma is a Cancer, patients is a Organism	237_task0	Sentence: Prognostic significance of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been defined as proteins induced by heat shock and other environmental and pathophysiologic stress. Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is one of the small heat shock proteins. HSP27 is implicated in protein-protein interactions such as folding, translocation, and prevention of inappropriate protein aggregation. Many of their functions suggest that they play important roles in cancers. Archival tissues from 40 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma who received primary surgical resection were examined for HSP27 by immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, histological grade and survival period. HSP27 expression was positive staining (+) in 20 (50%), weak or negative staining (-) in 20 (50%) of total 40 cases. There was no correlation between HSP27 expression and clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and histological grade. However, when compared with clinicopathological features, the expression of HSP27 correlated inversely with survival period. This study suggests that the expression of HSP27 is frequently promoted in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and should be considered an independent prognostic factor of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. 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Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been defined as proteins induced by heat shock and other environmental and pathophysiologic stress. Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is one of the small heat shock proteins. HSP27 is implicated in protein-protein interactions such as folding, translocation, and prevention of inappropriate protein aggregation. Many of their functions suggest that they play important roles in cancers. Archival tissues from 40 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma who received primary surgical resection were examined for HSP27 by immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, histological grade and survival period. HSP27 expression was positive staining (+) in 20 (50%), weak or negative staining (-) in 20 (50%) of total 40 cases. There was no correlation between HSP27 expression and clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and histological grade. However, when compared with clinicopathological features, the expression of HSP27 correlated inversely with survival period. This study suggests that the expression of HSP27 is frequently promoted in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and should be considered an independent prognostic factor of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.	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heat shock protein 27 is a Gene_or_gene_product, HSP27 is a Gene_or_gene_product, patients is a Organism, oral squamous cell carcinoma is a Cancer, Heat shock proteins is a Gene_or_gene_product, HSPs is a Gene_or_gene_product, Heat shock protein 27 is a Gene_or_gene_product, HSP27 is a Gene_or_gene_product, small heat shock proteins is a Gene_or_gene_product, HSP27 is a Gene_or_gene_product, cancers is a Cancer, Archival tissues is a Tissue, patients is a Organism, oral squamous cell carcinoma is a Cancer, HSP27 is a Gene_or_gene_product, lymph node is a Multi-tissue_structure, HSP27 is a Gene_or_gene_product, HSP27 is a Gene_or_gene_product, lymph node is a Multi-tissue_structure, HSP27 is a Gene_or_gene_product, HSP27 is a Gene_or_gene_product, patients is a Organism, oral squamous cell carcinoma is a Cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma is a Cancer, patients is a Organism	237_task1	Sentence: Prognostic significance of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been defined as proteins induced by heat shock and other environmental and pathophysiologic stress. Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is one of the small heat shock proteins. HSP27 is implicated in protein-protein interactions such as folding, translocation, and prevention of inappropriate protein aggregation. Many of their functions suggest that they play important roles in cancers. Archival tissues from 40 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma who received primary surgical resection were examined for HSP27 by immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, histological grade and survival period. HSP27 expression was positive staining (+) in 20 (50%), weak or negative staining (-) in 20 (50%) of total 40 cases. There was no correlation between HSP27 expression and clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and histological grade. However, when compared with clinicopathological features, the expression of HSP27 correlated inversely with survival period. This study suggests that the expression of HSP27 is frequently promoted in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and should be considered an independent prognostic factor of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. 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Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been defined as proteins induced by heat shock and other environmental and pathophysiologic stress. Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is one of the small heat shock proteins. HSP27 is implicated in protein-protein interactions such as folding, translocation, and prevention of inappropriate protein aggregation. Many of their functions suggest that they play important roles in cancers. Archival tissues from 40 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma who received primary surgical resection were examined for HSP27 by immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, histological grade and survival period. HSP27 expression was positive staining (+) in 20 (50%), weak or negative staining (-) in 20 (50%) of total 40 cases. There was no correlation between HSP27 expression and clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and histological grade. However, when compared with clinicopathological features, the expression of HSP27 correlated inversely with survival period. This study suggests that the expression of HSP27 is frequently promoted in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and should be considered an independent prognostic factor of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.	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heat shock protein 27, HSP27, patients, oral squamous cell carcinoma, Heat shock proteins, HSPs, Heat shock protein 27, HSP27, small heat shock proteins, HSP27, cancers, Archival tissues, patients, oral squamous cell carcinoma, HSP27, lymph node, HSP27, HSP27, lymph node, HSP27, HSP27, patients, oral squamous cell carcinoma, oral squamous cell carcinoma, patients	237_task2	Sentence: Prognostic significance of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been defined as proteins induced by heat shock and other environmental and pathophysiologic stress. Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is one of the small heat shock proteins. HSP27 is implicated in protein-protein interactions such as folding, translocation, and prevention of inappropriate protein aggregation. Many of their functions suggest that they play important roles in cancers. Archival tissues from 40 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma who received primary surgical resection were examined for HSP27 by immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, histological grade and survival period. HSP27 expression was positive staining (+) in 20 (50%), weak or negative staining (-) in 20 (50%) of total 40 cases. There was no correlation between HSP27 expression and clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and histological grade. However, when compared with clinicopathological features, the expression of HSP27 correlated inversely with survival period. This study suggests that the expression of HSP27 is frequently promoted in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and should be considered an independent prognostic factor of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. 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Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been defined as proteins induced by heat shock and other environmental and pathophysiologic stress. Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is one of the small heat shock proteins. HSP27 is implicated in protein-protein interactions such as folding, translocation, and prevention of inappropriate protein aggregation. Many of their functions suggest that they play important roles in cancers. Archival tissues from 40 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma who received primary surgical resection were examined for HSP27 by immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, histological grade and survival period. HSP27 expression was positive staining (+) in 20 (50%), weak or negative staining (-) in 20 (50%) of total 40 cases. There was no correlation between HSP27 expression and clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and histological grade. However, when compared with clinicopathological features, the expression of HSP27 correlated inversely with survival period. This study suggests that the expression of HSP27 is frequently promoted in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and should be considered an independent prognostic factor of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.	[ "Prognostic", "significance", "of", "heat", "shock", "protein", "27", "(", "HSP27", ")", "in", "patients", "with", "oral", "squamous", "cell", "carcinoma", ".", "\n", "Heat", "shock", "proteins", "(", "HSPs", ")", "have", "been", "defined", "as", "proteins", "induced", "by", "heat", "shock", "and", "other", "environmental", "and", "pathophysiologic", "stress", ".", "Heat", "shock", "protein", "27", "(", "HSP27", ")", "is", "one", "of", "the", "small", "heat", "shock", "proteins", ".", "HSP27", "is", "implicated", "in", "protein", "-", "protein", "interactions", "such", "as", "folding", ",", "translocation", ",", "and", "prevention", "of", "inappropriate", "protein", "aggregation", ".", "Many", "of", "their", "functions", "suggest", "that", "they", "play", "important", "roles", "in", "cancers", ".", "Archival", "tissues", "from", "40", "patients", "with", "oral", "squamous", "cell", "carcinoma", "who", "received", "primary", "surgical", "resection", "were", "examined", "for", "HSP27", "by", "immunohistochemistry", "and", "correlated", "with", "clinical", "stage", ",", "lymph", "node", "metastasis", ",", "histological", "grade", "and", "survival", "period", ".", "HSP27", "expression", "was", "positive", "staining", "(", "+", ")", "in", "20", "(", "50", "%", ")", ",", "weak", "or", "negative", "staining", "(", "-", ")", "in", "20", "(", "50", "%", ")", "of", "total", "40", "cases", ".", "There", "was", "no", "correlation", "between", "HSP27", "expression", "and", "clinical", "stage", ",", "lymph", "node", "metastasis", "and", "histological", "grade", ".", "However", ",", "when", "compared", "with", "clinicopathological", "features", ",", "the", "expression", "of", "HSP27", "correlated", "inversely", "with", "survival", "period", ".", "This", "study", "suggests", "that", "the", "expression", "of", "HSP27", "is", "frequently", "promoted", "in", "patients", "with", "oral", "squamous", "cell", "carcinoma", "and", "should", "be", "considered", "an", "independent", "prognostic", "factor", "of", "oral", "squamous", "cell", "carcinoma", "patients", ".", "\n" ]	[ "Cancer", "Gene_or_gene_product", "Tissue", "Multi-tissue_structure", "Organism" ]
Abstract is an umlsterm, Enchondromas is an umlsterm, bone tumors is an umlsterm, hand is an umlsterm, retrospective study is an umlsterm, medical records is an umlsterm, radiographs is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, June is an umlsterm, tumor is an umlsterm, defect is an umlsterm, bone grafting is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, malignant is an umlsterm, chondrosarcoma is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, evaluation is an umlsterm, recurrences is an umlsterm, tumor is an umlsterm, enchondromas is an umlsterm, hand is an umlsterm, diagnosis is an umlsterm, pathologic fracture is an umlsterm	DerChirurg.00711152.eng.abstr_task0	Sentence: Abstract . Enchondromas are the most common bone tumors of the hand . In a retrospective study , medical records and radiographs of 112 patients were reviewed . These patients were operated on between January 1973 and June 1997. After extirpation of the tumor , the defect was preferably treated with bone grafting in 102 patients . A malignant transformation ( chondrosarcoma ) was diagnosed in 2 patients . Follow-up examination of 92 patients with a mean follow-up of 1.6 years ( range : 7 months to 14 years ) yielded excellent or good results in 76 patients ( 82.6 % ) , according to the evaluation scheme of Wilhelm and Feldmeier . Four recurrences were probably related to an incomplete resection of the tumor . The authors conclude that enchondromas of the hand should be treated surgically to prove the diagnosis and to prevent a pathologic fracture . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O" ]	Abstract . Enchondromas are the most common bone tumors of the hand . In a retrospective study , medical records and radiographs of 112 patients were reviewed . These patients were operated on between January 1973 and June 1997. After extirpation of the tumor , the defect was preferably treated with bone grafting in 102 patients . A malignant transformation ( chondrosarcoma ) was diagnosed in 2 patients . Follow-up examination of 92 patients with a mean follow-up of 1.6 years ( range : 7 months to 14 years ) yielded excellent or good results in 76 patients ( 82.6 % ) , according to the evaluation scheme of Wilhelm and Feldmeier . Four recurrences were probably related to an incomplete resection of the tumor . The authors conclude that enchondromas of the hand should be treated surgically to prove the diagnosis and to prevent a pathologic fracture .	[ "Abstract", ".", "Enchondromas", "are", "the", "most", "common", "bone", "tumors", "of", "the", "hand", ".", "In", "a", "retrospective", "study", ",", "medical", "records", "and", "radiographs", "of", "112", "patients", "were", "reviewed", ".", "These", "patients", "were", "operated", "on", "between", "January", "1973", "and", "June", "1997", ".", "After", "extirpation", "of", "the", "tumor", ",", "the", "defect", "was", "preferably", "treated", "with", "bone", "grafting", "in", "102", "patients", ".", "A", "malignant", "transformation", "(", "chondrosarcoma", ")", "was", "diagnosed", "in", "2", "patients", ".", "Follow", "-", "up", "examination", "of", "92", "patients", "with", "a", "mean", "follow", "-", "up", "of", "1.6", "years", "(", "range", ":", "7", "months", "to", "14", "years", ")", "yielded", "excellent", "or", "good", "results", "in", "76", "patients", "(", "82.6", "%", ")", ",", "according", "to", "the", "evaluation", "scheme", "of", "Wilhelm", "and", "Feldmeier", ".", "Four", "recurrences", "were", "probably", "related", "to", "an", "incomplete", "resection", "of", "the", "tumor", ".", "The", "authors", "conclude", "that", "enchondromas", "of", "the", "hand", "should", "be", "treated", "surgically", "to", "prove", "the", "diagnosis", "and", "to", "prevent", "a", "pathologic", "fracture", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Abstract is an umlsterm, Enchondromas is an umlsterm, bone tumors is an umlsterm, hand is an umlsterm, retrospective study is an umlsterm, medical records is an umlsterm, radiographs is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, June is an umlsterm, tumor is an umlsterm, defect is an umlsterm, bone grafting is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, malignant is an umlsterm, chondrosarcoma is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, evaluation is an umlsterm, recurrences is an umlsterm, tumor is an umlsterm, enchondromas is an umlsterm, hand is an umlsterm, diagnosis is an umlsterm, pathologic fracture is an umlsterm	DerChirurg.00711152.eng.abstr_task1	Sentence: Abstract . Enchondromas are the most common bone tumors of the hand . In a retrospective study , medical records and radiographs of 112 patients were reviewed . These patients were operated on between January 1973 and June 1997. After extirpation of the tumor , the defect was preferably treated with bone grafting in 102 patients . A malignant transformation ( chondrosarcoma ) was diagnosed in 2 patients . Follow-up examination of 92 patients with a mean follow-up of 1.6 years ( range : 7 months to 14 years ) yielded excellent or good results in 76 patients ( 82.6 % ) , according to the evaluation scheme of Wilhelm and Feldmeier . Four recurrences were probably related to an incomplete resection of the tumor . The authors conclude that enchondromas of the hand should be treated surgically to prove the diagnosis and to prevent a pathologic fracture . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Abstract, Enchondromas, bone tumors, hand, retrospective study, medical records, radiographs, patients, patients, June, tumor, defect, bone grafting, patients, malignant, chondrosarcoma, patients, patients, patients, evaluation, recurrences, tumor, enchondromas, hand, diagnosis, pathologic fracture Options: umlsterm	[ "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O" ]	Abstract . Enchondromas are the most common bone tumors of the hand . In a retrospective study , medical records and radiographs of 112 patients were reviewed . These patients were operated on between January 1973 and June 1997. After extirpation of the tumor , the defect was preferably treated with bone grafting in 102 patients . A malignant transformation ( chondrosarcoma ) was diagnosed in 2 patients . Follow-up examination of 92 patients with a mean follow-up of 1.6 years ( range : 7 months to 14 years ) yielded excellent or good results in 76 patients ( 82.6 % ) , according to the evaluation scheme of Wilhelm and Feldmeier . Four recurrences were probably related to an incomplete resection of the tumor . The authors conclude that enchondromas of the hand should be treated surgically to prove the diagnosis and to prevent a pathologic fracture .	[ "Abstract", ".", "Enchondromas", "are", "the", "most", "common", "bone", "tumors", "of", "the", "hand", ".", "In", "a", "retrospective", "study", ",", "medical", "records", "and", "radiographs", "of", "112", "patients", "were", "reviewed", ".", "These", "patients", "were", "operated", "on", "between", "January", "1973", "and", "June", "1997", ".", "After", "extirpation", "of", "the", "tumor", ",", "the", "defect", "was", "preferably", "treated", "with", "bone", "grafting", "in", "102", "patients", ".", "A", "malignant", "transformation", "(", "chondrosarcoma", ")", "was", "diagnosed", "in", "2", "patients", ".", "Follow", "-", "up", "examination", "of", "92", "patients", "with", "a", "mean", "follow", "-", "up", "of", "1.6", "years", "(", "range", ":", "7", "months", "to", "14", "years", ")", "yielded", "excellent", "or", "good", "results", "in", "76", "patients", "(", "82.6", "%", ")", ",", "according", "to", "the", "evaluation", "scheme", "of", "Wilhelm", "and", "Feldmeier", ".", "Four", "recurrences", "were", "probably", "related", "to", "an", "incomplete", "resection", "of", "the", "tumor", ".", "The", "authors", "conclude", "that", "enchondromas", "of", "the", "hand", "should", "be", "treated", "surgically", "to", "prove", "the", "diagnosis", "and", "to", "prevent", "a", "pathologic", "fracture", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Abstract, Enchondromas, bone tumors, hand, retrospective study, medical records, radiographs, patients, patients, June, tumor, defect, bone grafting, patients, malignant, chondrosarcoma, patients, patients, patients, evaluation, recurrences, tumor, enchondromas, hand, diagnosis, pathologic fracture	DerChirurg.00711152.eng.abstr_task2	Sentence: Abstract . Enchondromas are the most common bone tumors of the hand . In a retrospective study , medical records and radiographs of 112 patients were reviewed . These patients were operated on between January 1973 and June 1997. After extirpation of the tumor , the defect was preferably treated with bone grafting in 102 patients . A malignant transformation ( chondrosarcoma ) was diagnosed in 2 patients . Follow-up examination of 92 patients with a mean follow-up of 1.6 years ( range : 7 months to 14 years ) yielded excellent or good results in 76 patients ( 82.6 % ) , according to the evaluation scheme of Wilhelm and Feldmeier . Four recurrences were probably related to an incomplete resection of the tumor . The authors conclude that enchondromas of the hand should be treated surgically to prove the diagnosis and to prevent a pathologic fracture . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O" ]	Abstract . Enchondromas are the most common bone tumors of the hand . In a retrospective study , medical records and radiographs of 112 patients were reviewed . These patients were operated on between January 1973 and June 1997. After extirpation of the tumor , the defect was preferably treated with bone grafting in 102 patients . A malignant transformation ( chondrosarcoma ) was diagnosed in 2 patients . Follow-up examination of 92 patients with a mean follow-up of 1.6 years ( range : 7 months to 14 years ) yielded excellent or good results in 76 patients ( 82.6 % ) , according to the evaluation scheme of Wilhelm and Feldmeier . Four recurrences were probably related to an incomplete resection of the tumor . The authors conclude that enchondromas of the hand should be treated surgically to prove the diagnosis and to prevent a pathologic fracture .	[ "Abstract", ".", "Enchondromas", "are", "the", "most", "common", "bone", "tumors", "of", "the", "hand", ".", "In", "a", "retrospective", "study", ",", "medical", "records", "and", "radiographs", "of", "112", "patients", "were", "reviewed", ".", "These", "patients", "were", "operated", "on", "between", "January", "1973", "and", "June", "1997", ".", "After", "extirpation", "of", "the", "tumor", ",", "the", "defect", "was", "preferably", "treated", "with", "bone", "grafting", "in", "102", "patients", ".", "A", "malignant", "transformation", "(", "chondrosarcoma", ")", "was", "diagnosed", "in", "2", "patients", ".", "Follow", "-", "up", "examination", "of", "92", "patients", "with", "a", "mean", "follow", "-", "up", "of", "1.6", "years", "(", "range", ":", "7", "months", "to", "14", "years", ")", "yielded", "excellent", "or", "good", "results", "in", "76", "patients", "(", "82.6", "%", ")", ",", "according", "to", "the", "evaluation", "scheme", "of", "Wilhelm", "and", "Feldmeier", ".", "Four", "recurrences", "were", "probably", "related", "to", "an", "incomplete", "resection", "of", "the", "tumor", ".", "The", "authors", "conclude", "that", "enchondromas", "of", "the", "hand", "should", "be", "treated", "surgically", "to", "prove", "the", "diagnosis", "and", "to", "prevent", "a", "pathologic", "fracture", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Amphetamine is a CHEMICAL, human dopamine transporter is a GENE-Y, cocaine is a CHEMICAL	10823899_task0	Sentence: Amphetamine-induced loss of human dopamine transporter activity: an internalization-dependent and cocaine-sensitive mechanism. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: GENE-Y, CHEMICAL	[ "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Amphetamine-induced loss of human dopamine transporter activity: an internalization-dependent and cocaine-sensitive mechanism.	[ "Amphetamine", "-", "induced", "loss", "of", "human", "dopamine", "transporter", "activity", ":", "an", "internalization", "-", "dependent", "and", "cocaine", "-", "sensitive", "mechanism", "." ]	[ "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL", "GENE-N" ]
Amphetamine is a CHEMICAL, human dopamine transporter is a GENE-Y, cocaine is a CHEMICAL	10823899_task1	Sentence: Amphetamine-induced loss of human dopamine transporter activity: an internalization-dependent and cocaine-sensitive mechanism. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Amphetamine, human dopamine transporter, cocaine Options: GENE-Y, CHEMICAL	[ "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Amphetamine-induced loss of human dopamine transporter activity: an internalization-dependent and cocaine-sensitive mechanism.	[ "Amphetamine", "-", "induced", "loss", "of", "human", "dopamine", "transporter", "activity", ":", "an", "internalization", "-", "dependent", "and", "cocaine", "-", "sensitive", "mechanism", "." ]	[ "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL", "GENE-N" ]
Amphetamine, human dopamine transporter, cocaine	10823899_task2	Sentence: Amphetamine-induced loss of human dopamine transporter activity: an internalization-dependent and cocaine-sensitive mechanism. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Amphetamine-induced loss of human dopamine transporter activity: an internalization-dependent and cocaine-sensitive mechanism.	[ "Amphetamine", "-", "induced", "loss", "of", "human", "dopamine", "transporter", "activity", ":", "an", "internalization", "-", "dependent", "and", "cocaine", "-", "sensitive", "mechanism", "." ]	[ "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL", "GENE-N" ]
Cortisol is a compound, aspartate aminotransferase is a protein	DS.d1002_task0	Sentence: Cortisol, hematocrit, blood urea nitrogen, total protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase 0.05) after transport regardless of space allowance. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: compound, protein	[ "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Cortisol, hematocrit, blood urea nitrogen, total protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase 0.05) after transport regardless of space allowance.	[ "Cortisol", ",", "hematocrit", ",", "blood", "urea", "nitrogen", ",", "total", "protein", ",", "albumin", ",", "aspartate", "aminotransferase", "0.05", ")", "after", "transport", "regardless", "of", "space", "allowance", "." ]	[ "protein", "compound" ]
Cortisol is a compound, aspartate aminotransferase is a protein	DS.d1002_task1	Sentence: Cortisol, hematocrit, blood urea nitrogen, total protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase 0.05) after transport regardless of space allowance. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Cortisol, aspartate aminotransferase Options: compound, protein	[ "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Cortisol, hematocrit, blood urea nitrogen, total protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase 0.05) after transport regardless of space allowance.	[ "Cortisol", ",", "hematocrit", ",", "blood", "urea", "nitrogen", ",", "total", "protein", ",", "albumin", ",", "aspartate", "aminotransferase", "0.05", ")", "after", "transport", "regardless", "of", "space", "allowance", "." ]	[ "protein", "compound" ]
Cortisol, aspartate aminotransferase	DS.d1002_task2	Sentence: Cortisol, hematocrit, blood urea nitrogen, total protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase 0.05) after transport regardless of space allowance. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Cortisol, hematocrit, blood urea nitrogen, total protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase 0.05) after transport regardless of space allowance.	[ "Cortisol", ",", "hematocrit", ",", "blood", "urea", "nitrogen", ",", "total", "protein", ",", "albumin", ",", "aspartate", "aminotransferase", "0.05", ")", "after", "transport", "regardless", "of", "space", "allowance", "." ]	[ "protein", "compound" ]
[ 3H]-RS-15385 - 197 is a CHEMICAL, alpha 2-adrenoceptors is a GENE-N	1327384_task0	Sentence: [3H]-RS-15385-197, a selective and high affinity radioligand for alpha 2-adrenoceptors: implications for receptor classification. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: GENE-N, CHEMICAL	[ "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	[3H]-RS-15385-197, a selective and high affinity radioligand for alpha 2-adrenoceptors: implications for receptor classification.	[ "[", "3H]-RS-15385", "-", "197", ",", "a", "selective", "and", "high", "affinity", "radioligand", "for", "alpha", "2-adrenoceptors", ":", "implications", "for", "receptor", "classification", "." ]	[ "GENE-Y", "GENE-N", "CHEMICAL" ]
[ 3H]-RS-15385 - 197 is a CHEMICAL, alpha 2-adrenoceptors is a GENE-N	1327384_task1	Sentence: [3H]-RS-15385-197, a selective and high affinity radioligand for alpha 2-adrenoceptors: implications for receptor classification. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: [ 3H]-RS-15385 - 197, alpha 2-adrenoceptors Options: GENE-N, CHEMICAL	[ "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	[3H]-RS-15385-197, a selective and high affinity radioligand for alpha 2-adrenoceptors: implications for receptor classification.	[ "[", "3H]-RS-15385", "-", "197", ",", "a", "selective", "and", "high", "affinity", "radioligand", "for", "alpha", "2-adrenoceptors", ":", "implications", "for", "receptor", "classification", "." ]	[ "GENE-Y", "GENE-N", "CHEMICAL" ]
[ 3H]-RS-15385 - 197, alpha 2-adrenoceptors	1327384_task2	Sentence: [3H]-RS-15385-197, a selective and high affinity radioligand for alpha 2-adrenoceptors: implications for receptor classification. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	[3H]-RS-15385-197, a selective and high affinity radioligand for alpha 2-adrenoceptors: implications for receptor classification.	[ "[", "3H]-RS-15385", "-", "197", ",", "a", "selective", "and", "high", "affinity", "radioligand", "for", "alpha", "2-adrenoceptors", ":", "implications", "for", "receptor", "classification", "." ]	[ "GENE-Y", "GENE-N", "CHEMICAL" ]
interferon beta is a Protein, interferon beta is a Protein, IFN - beta is a Protein, enhanson domains is a Entity, IFN - beta is a Protein, IRF-1 is a Protein, ISGF2 is a Protein, IFN beta is a Protein, IFN - beta is a Protein, IFN - beta is a Protein, IFN - beta is a Protein	1782151_task0	Sentence: Stimulation of interferon beta gene transcription in vitro by purified NF-kappa B and a novel TH protein. The human interferon beta (IFN-beta) regulatory element consists of multiple enhanson domains which are targets for transcription factors involved in inducible expression of the promoter. To further characterize the protein-DNA interactions mediating IFN-beta induction, positive regulatory domain (PRD) II binding proteins were purified from phorbol ester induced Jurkat T-cells and from IFN primed, cycloheximide/polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid treated HeLa S3 cells. From HeLa cells, two major proteins of 52 and 45 kilodaltons (kD) copurified with DNA binding activity, whereas from T-cells, four proteins--a major protein of 52 kD and three minor proteins of 82, 67, and 43-47 kD--were purified. Also, an induction specific DNA binding protein was purified from HeLa cells that interacted with the (AAGTGA)4 tetrahexamer sequence and the PRDI domain. This protein is immunologically distinct from IRF-1/ISGF2. Uninduced or Sendai virus induced HeLa extracts were used to examine transcription in vitro using a series of IFN beta promoter deletions. Deletions upstream of the PRDII element increased transcription in the uninduced extract, indicating predominantly negative regulation of the promoter. A 2-4-fold increase in IFN-beta promoter transcription was observed in Sendai virus induced extracts, and deletion of PRDI and PRDII elements decreased this induced level of transcription. When purified PRDII and tetrahexamer binding proteins were added to the induced extract, a 4-fold increase in transcription was observed. These experiments demonstrate that it is possible to modulate IFN-beta transcription in vitro but indicate that additional proteins may be required to fully activate IFN-beta transcription. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Entity, Protein	[ "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Entity", "I-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O" ]	Stimulation of interferon beta gene transcription in vitro by purified NF-kappa B and a novel TH protein. The human interferon beta (IFN-beta) regulatory element consists of multiple enhanson domains which are targets for transcription factors involved in inducible expression of the promoter. To further characterize the protein-DNA interactions mediating IFN-beta induction, positive regulatory domain (PRD) II binding proteins were purified from phorbol ester induced Jurkat T-cells and from IFN primed, cycloheximide/polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid treated HeLa S3 cells. From HeLa cells, two major proteins of 52 and 45 kilodaltons (kD) copurified with DNA binding activity, whereas from T-cells, four proteins--a major protein of 52 kD and three minor proteins of 82, 67, and 43-47 kD--were purified. Also, an induction specific DNA binding protein was purified from HeLa cells that interacted with the (AAGTGA)4 tetrahexamer sequence and the PRDI domain. This protein is immunologically distinct from IRF-1/ISGF2. Uninduced or Sendai virus induced HeLa extracts were used to examine transcription in vitro using a series of IFN beta promoter deletions. Deletions upstream of the PRDII element increased transcription in the uninduced extract, indicating predominantly negative regulation of the promoter. A 2-4-fold increase in IFN-beta promoter transcription was observed in Sendai virus induced extracts, and deletion of PRDI and PRDII elements decreased this induced level of transcription. When purified PRDII and tetrahexamer binding proteins were added to the induced extract, a 4-fold increase in transcription was observed. These experiments demonstrate that it is possible to modulate IFN-beta transcription in vitro but indicate that additional proteins may be required to fully activate IFN-beta transcription.	[ "Stimulation", "of", "interferon", "beta", "gene", "transcription", "in", "vitro", "by", "purified", "NF", "-", "kappa", "B", "and", "a", "novel", "TH", "protein", ".", "\n", "The", "human", "interferon", "beta", "(", "IFN", "-", "beta", ")", "regulatory", "element", "consists", "of", "multiple", "enhanson", "domains", "which", "are", "targets", "for", "transcription", "factors", "involved", "in", "inducible", "expression", "of", "the", "promoter", ".", "To", "further", "characterize", "the", "protein", "-", "DNA", "interactions", "mediating", "IFN", "-", "beta", "induction", ",", "positive", "regulatory", "domain", "(", "PRD", ")", "II", "binding", "proteins", "were", "purified", "from", "phorbol", "ester", "induced", "Jurkat", "T", "-", "cells", "and", "from", "IFN", "primed", ",", "cycloheximide", "/", "polyinosinic", "-", "polycytidylic", "acid", "treated", "HeLa", "S3", "cells", ".", "From", "HeLa", "cells", ",", "two", "major", "proteins", "of", "52", "and", "45", "kilodaltons", "(", "kD", ")", "copurified", "with", "DNA", "binding", "activity", ",", "whereas", "from", "T", "-", "cells", ",", "four", "proteins", "--", "a", "major", "protein", "of", "52", "kD", "and", "three", "minor", "proteins", "of", "82", ",", "67", ",", "and", "43", "-", "47", "kD", "--", "were", "purified", ".", "Also", ",", "an", "induction", "specific", "DNA", "binding", "protein", "was", "purified", "from", "HeLa", "cells", "that", "interacted", "with", "the", "(", "AAGTGA)4", "tetrahexamer", "sequence", "and", "the", "PRDI", "domain", ".", "This", "protein", "is", "immunologically", "distinct", "from", "IRF-1", "/", "ISGF2", ".", "Uninduced", "or", "Sendai", "virus", "induced", "HeLa", "extracts", "were", "used", "to", "examine", "transcription", "in", "vitro", "using", "a", "series", "of", "IFN", "beta", "promoter", "deletions", ".", "Deletions", "upstream", "of", "the", "PRDII", "element", "increased", "transcription", "in", "the", "uninduced", "extract", ",", "indicating", "predominantly", "negative", "regulation", "of", "the", "promoter", ".", "A", "2", "-", "4-fold", "increase", "in", "IFN", "-", "beta", "promoter", "transcription", "was", "observed", "in", "Sendai", "virus", "induced", "extracts", ",", "and", "deletion", "of", "PRDI", "and", "PRDII", "elements", "decreased", "this", "induced", "level", "of", "transcription", ".", "When", "purified", "PRDII", "and", "tetrahexamer", "binding", "proteins", "were", "added", "to", "the", "induced", "extract", ",", "a", "4-fold", "increase", "in", "transcription", "was", "observed", ".", "These", "experiments", "demonstrate", "that", "it", "is", "possible", "to", "modulate", "IFN", "-", "beta", "transcription", "in", "vitro", "but", "indicate", "that", "additional", "proteins", "may", "be", "required", "to", "fully", "activate", "IFN", "-", "beta", "transcription", "." ]	[ "Entity", "Protein" ]
interferon beta is a Protein, interferon beta is a Protein, IFN - beta is a Protein, enhanson domains is a Entity, IFN - beta is a Protein, IRF-1 is a Protein, ISGF2 is a Protein, IFN beta is a Protein, IFN - beta is a Protein, IFN - beta is a Protein, IFN - beta is a Protein	1782151_task1	Sentence: Stimulation of interferon beta gene transcription in vitro by purified NF-kappa B and a novel TH protein. The human interferon beta (IFN-beta) regulatory element consists of multiple enhanson domains which are targets for transcription factors involved in inducible expression of the promoter. To further characterize the protein-DNA interactions mediating IFN-beta induction, positive regulatory domain (PRD) II binding proteins were purified from phorbol ester induced Jurkat T-cells and from IFN primed, cycloheximide/polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid treated HeLa S3 cells. From HeLa cells, two major proteins of 52 and 45 kilodaltons (kD) copurified with DNA binding activity, whereas from T-cells, four proteins--a major protein of 52 kD and three minor proteins of 82, 67, and 43-47 kD--were purified. Also, an induction specific DNA binding protein was purified from HeLa cells that interacted with the (AAGTGA)4 tetrahexamer sequence and the PRDI domain. This protein is immunologically distinct from IRF-1/ISGF2. Uninduced or Sendai virus induced HeLa extracts were used to examine transcription in vitro using a series of IFN beta promoter deletions. Deletions upstream of the PRDII element increased transcription in the uninduced extract, indicating predominantly negative regulation of the promoter. A 2-4-fold increase in IFN-beta promoter transcription was observed in Sendai virus induced extracts, and deletion of PRDI and PRDII elements decreased this induced level of transcription. When purified PRDII and tetrahexamer binding proteins were added to the induced extract, a 4-fold increase in transcription was observed. These experiments demonstrate that it is possible to modulate IFN-beta transcription in vitro but indicate that additional proteins may be required to fully activate IFN-beta transcription. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: interferon beta, interferon beta, IFN - beta, enhanson domains, IFN - beta, IRF-1, ISGF2, IFN beta, IFN - beta, IFN - beta, IFN - beta Options: Entity, Protein	[ "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Entity", "I-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O" ]	Stimulation of interferon beta gene transcription in vitro by purified NF-kappa B and a novel TH protein. The human interferon beta (IFN-beta) regulatory element consists of multiple enhanson domains which are targets for transcription factors involved in inducible expression of the promoter. To further characterize the protein-DNA interactions mediating IFN-beta induction, positive regulatory domain (PRD) II binding proteins were purified from phorbol ester induced Jurkat T-cells and from IFN primed, cycloheximide/polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid treated HeLa S3 cells. From HeLa cells, two major proteins of 52 and 45 kilodaltons (kD) copurified with DNA binding activity, whereas from T-cells, four proteins--a major protein of 52 kD and three minor proteins of 82, 67, and 43-47 kD--were purified. Also, an induction specific DNA binding protein was purified from HeLa cells that interacted with the (AAGTGA)4 tetrahexamer sequence and the PRDI domain. This protein is immunologically distinct from IRF-1/ISGF2. Uninduced or Sendai virus induced HeLa extracts were used to examine transcription in vitro using a series of IFN beta promoter deletions. Deletions upstream of the PRDII element increased transcription in the uninduced extract, indicating predominantly negative regulation of the promoter. A 2-4-fold increase in IFN-beta promoter transcription was observed in Sendai virus induced extracts, and deletion of PRDI and PRDII elements decreased this induced level of transcription. When purified PRDII and tetrahexamer binding proteins were added to the induced extract, a 4-fold increase in transcription was observed. These experiments demonstrate that it is possible to modulate IFN-beta transcription in vitro but indicate that additional proteins may be required to fully activate IFN-beta transcription.	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interferon beta, interferon beta, IFN - beta, enhanson domains, IFN - beta, IRF-1, ISGF2, IFN beta, IFN - beta, IFN - beta, IFN - beta	1782151_task2	Sentence: Stimulation of interferon beta gene transcription in vitro by purified NF-kappa B and a novel TH protein. The human interferon beta (IFN-beta) regulatory element consists of multiple enhanson domains which are targets for transcription factors involved in inducible expression of the promoter. To further characterize the protein-DNA interactions mediating IFN-beta induction, positive regulatory domain (PRD) II binding proteins were purified from phorbol ester induced Jurkat T-cells and from IFN primed, cycloheximide/polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid treated HeLa S3 cells. From HeLa cells, two major proteins of 52 and 45 kilodaltons (kD) copurified with DNA binding activity, whereas from T-cells, four proteins--a major protein of 52 kD and three minor proteins of 82, 67, and 43-47 kD--were purified. Also, an induction specific DNA binding protein was purified from HeLa cells that interacted with the (AAGTGA)4 tetrahexamer sequence and the PRDI domain. This protein is immunologically distinct from IRF-1/ISGF2. Uninduced or Sendai virus induced HeLa extracts were used to examine transcription in vitro using a series of IFN beta promoter deletions. Deletions upstream of the PRDII element increased transcription in the uninduced extract, indicating predominantly negative regulation of the promoter. A 2-4-fold increase in IFN-beta promoter transcription was observed in Sendai virus induced extracts, and deletion of PRDI and PRDII elements decreased this induced level of transcription. When purified PRDII and tetrahexamer binding proteins were added to the induced extract, a 4-fold increase in transcription was observed. These experiments demonstrate that it is possible to modulate IFN-beta transcription in vitro but indicate that additional proteins may be required to fully activate IFN-beta transcription. 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The human interferon beta (IFN-beta) regulatory element consists of multiple enhanson domains which are targets for transcription factors involved in inducible expression of the promoter. To further characterize the protein-DNA interactions mediating IFN-beta induction, positive regulatory domain (PRD) II binding proteins were purified from phorbol ester induced Jurkat T-cells and from IFN primed, cycloheximide/polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid treated HeLa S3 cells. From HeLa cells, two major proteins of 52 and 45 kilodaltons (kD) copurified with DNA binding activity, whereas from T-cells, four proteins--a major protein of 52 kD and three minor proteins of 82, 67, and 43-47 kD--were purified. Also, an induction specific DNA binding protein was purified from HeLa cells that interacted with the (AAGTGA)4 tetrahexamer sequence and the PRDI domain. This protein is immunologically distinct from IRF-1/ISGF2. Uninduced or Sendai virus induced HeLa extracts were used to examine transcription in vitro using a series of IFN beta promoter deletions. Deletions upstream of the PRDII element increased transcription in the uninduced extract, indicating predominantly negative regulation of the promoter. A 2-4-fold increase in IFN-beta promoter transcription was observed in Sendai virus induced extracts, and deletion of PRDI and PRDII elements decreased this induced level of transcription. When purified PRDII and tetrahexamer binding proteins were added to the induced extract, a 4-fold increase in transcription was observed. These experiments demonstrate that it is possible to modulate IFN-beta transcription in vitro but indicate that additional proteins may be required to fully activate IFN-beta transcription.	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Hemiarthroplasty is a Intervention_Physical, internal fixation with percutaneous cannulated screws is a Intervention_Physical, displaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly : is a Participant_Condition, cost - effectiveness is a Outcome_Other, hemiarthroplasty is a Intervention_Surgical, quality - adjusted life years is a Outcome_Other, internal fixation . is a Intervention_Surgical, direct hospital costs , total hospital costs , and total costs is a Outcome_Other	52211_task0	Sentence: Hemiarthroplasty compared to internal fixation with percutaneous cannulated screws as treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly : cost-utility analysis performed alongside a randomized , controlled trial . UNLABELLED We estimated the cost-effectiveness of hemiarthroplasty compared to internal fixation for elderly patients with displaced femoral neck fractures . Over 2 years , patients treated with hemiarthroplasty gained more quality-adjusted life years than patients treated with internal fixation . In addition , costs for hemiarthroplasty were lower . Hemiarthroplasty was thus cost effective . INTRODUCTION Estimating the cost utility of hemiarthroplasty compared to internal fixation in the treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly . METHODS A cost-utility analysis ( CUA ) was conducted alongside a clinical randomized controlled trial at a university hospital in Norway ; 166 patients , 124 ( 75 % ) women with a mean age of 82 years were randomized to either internal fixation ( n = 86 ) or hemiarthroplasty ( n = 80 ) . Patients were followed up at 4 , 12 , and 24 months . Health-related quality of life was assessed with the EQ-5D , and in combination with time used to calculate patients ' quality-adjusted life years ( QALYs ) . Resource use was identified , quantified , and valued for direct and indirect hospital costs and for societal costs . Results were expressed in incremental cost-effectiveness ratios . RESULTS Over the 2-year period , patients treated with hemiarthroplasty gained 0.15-0.20 more QALYs than patients treated with internal fixation . For the hemiarthroplasty group , the direct hospital costs , total hospital costs , and total costs were non-significantly less costly compared with the internal fixation group , with an incremental cost of €2,731 ( p = 0.81 ) , €2,474 ( p = 0.80 ) , and €14,160 ( p = 0.07 ) , respectively . Thus , hemiarthroplasty was the dominant treatment . Sensitivity analyses by bootstrapping supported these findings . CONCLUSION Hemiarthroplasty was a cost-effective treatment . Trial registration , NCT00464230 . 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UNLABELLED We estimated the cost-effectiveness of hemiarthroplasty compared to internal fixation for elderly patients with displaced femoral neck fractures . Over 2 years , patients treated with hemiarthroplasty gained more quality-adjusted life years than patients treated with internal fixation . In addition , costs for hemiarthroplasty were lower . Hemiarthroplasty was thus cost effective . INTRODUCTION Estimating the cost utility of hemiarthroplasty compared to internal fixation in the treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly . METHODS A cost-utility analysis ( CUA ) was conducted alongside a clinical randomized controlled trial at a university hospital in Norway ; 166 patients , 124 ( 75 % ) women with a mean age of 82 years were randomized to either internal fixation ( n = 86 ) or hemiarthroplasty ( n = 80 ) . Patients were followed up at 4 , 12 , and 24 months . Health-related quality of life was assessed with the EQ-5D , and in combination with time used to calculate patients ' quality-adjusted life years ( QALYs ) . Resource use was identified , quantified , and valued for direct and indirect hospital costs and for societal costs . Results were expressed in incremental cost-effectiveness ratios . RESULTS Over the 2-year period , patients treated with hemiarthroplasty gained 0.15-0.20 more QALYs than patients treated with internal fixation . For the hemiarthroplasty group , the direct hospital costs , total hospital costs , and total costs were non-significantly less costly compared with the internal fixation group , with an incremental cost of €2,731 ( p = 0.81 ) , €2,474 ( p = 0.80 ) , and €14,160 ( p = 0.07 ) , respectively . Thus , hemiarthroplasty was the dominant treatment . Sensitivity analyses by bootstrapping supported these findings . CONCLUSION Hemiarthroplasty was a cost-effective treatment . Trial registration , NCT00464230 .	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Hemiarthroplasty is a Intervention_Physical, internal fixation with percutaneous cannulated screws is a Intervention_Physical, displaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly : is a Participant_Condition, cost - effectiveness is a Outcome_Other, hemiarthroplasty is a Intervention_Surgical, quality - adjusted life years is a Outcome_Other, internal fixation . is a Intervention_Surgical, direct hospital costs , total hospital costs , and total costs is a Outcome_Other	52211_task1	Sentence: Hemiarthroplasty compared to internal fixation with percutaneous cannulated screws as treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly : cost-utility analysis performed alongside a randomized , controlled trial . UNLABELLED We estimated the cost-effectiveness of hemiarthroplasty compared to internal fixation for elderly patients with displaced femoral neck fractures . Over 2 years , patients treated with hemiarthroplasty gained more quality-adjusted life years than patients treated with internal fixation . In addition , costs for hemiarthroplasty were lower . Hemiarthroplasty was thus cost effective . INTRODUCTION Estimating the cost utility of hemiarthroplasty compared to internal fixation in the treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly . METHODS A cost-utility analysis ( CUA ) was conducted alongside a clinical randomized controlled trial at a university hospital in Norway ; 166 patients , 124 ( 75 % ) women with a mean age of 82 years were randomized to either internal fixation ( n = 86 ) or hemiarthroplasty ( n = 80 ) . Patients were followed up at 4 , 12 , and 24 months . Health-related quality of life was assessed with the EQ-5D , and in combination with time used to calculate patients ' quality-adjusted life years ( QALYs ) . Resource use was identified , quantified , and valued for direct and indirect hospital costs and for societal costs . Results were expressed in incremental cost-effectiveness ratios . RESULTS Over the 2-year period , patients treated with hemiarthroplasty gained 0.15-0.20 more QALYs than patients treated with internal fixation . For the hemiarthroplasty group , the direct hospital costs , total hospital costs , and total costs were non-significantly less costly compared with the internal fixation group , with an incremental cost of €2,731 ( p = 0.81 ) , €2,474 ( p = 0.80 ) , and €14,160 ( p = 0.07 ) , respectively . Thus , hemiarthroplasty was the dominant treatment . Sensitivity analyses by bootstrapping supported these findings . CONCLUSION Hemiarthroplasty was a cost-effective treatment . Trial registration , NCT00464230 . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Hemiarthroplasty, internal fixation with percutaneous cannulated screws, displaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly :, cost - effectiveness, hemiarthroplasty, quality - adjusted life years, internal fixation ., direct hospital costs , total hospital costs , and total costs Options: Intervention_Physical, Outcome_Other, Intervention_Surgical, Participant_Condition	[ "B-Intervention_Physical", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "B-Intervention_Surgical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Surgical", "I-Intervention_Surgical", "I-Intervention_Surgical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Hemiarthroplasty compared to internal fixation with percutaneous cannulated screws as treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly : cost-utility analysis performed alongside a randomized , controlled trial . UNLABELLED We estimated the cost-effectiveness of hemiarthroplasty compared to internal fixation for elderly patients with displaced femoral neck fractures . Over 2 years , patients treated with hemiarthroplasty gained more quality-adjusted life years than patients treated with internal fixation . In addition , costs for hemiarthroplasty were lower . Hemiarthroplasty was thus cost effective . INTRODUCTION Estimating the cost utility of hemiarthroplasty compared to internal fixation in the treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly . METHODS A cost-utility analysis ( CUA ) was conducted alongside a clinical randomized controlled trial at a university hospital in Norway ; 166 patients , 124 ( 75 % ) women with a mean age of 82 years were randomized to either internal fixation ( n = 86 ) or hemiarthroplasty ( n = 80 ) . Patients were followed up at 4 , 12 , and 24 months . Health-related quality of life was assessed with the EQ-5D , and in combination with time used to calculate patients ' quality-adjusted life years ( QALYs ) . Resource use was identified , quantified , and valued for direct and indirect hospital costs and for societal costs . Results were expressed in incremental cost-effectiveness ratios . RESULTS Over the 2-year period , patients treated with hemiarthroplasty gained 0.15-0.20 more QALYs than patients treated with internal fixation . For the hemiarthroplasty group , the direct hospital costs , total hospital costs , and total costs were non-significantly less costly compared with the internal fixation group , with an incremental cost of €2,731 ( p = 0.81 ) , €2,474 ( p = 0.80 ) , and €14,160 ( p = 0.07 ) , respectively . Thus , hemiarthroplasty was the dominant treatment . Sensitivity analyses by bootstrapping supported these findings . CONCLUSION Hemiarthroplasty was a cost-effective treatment . Trial registration , NCT00464230 .	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Differentialdiagnose is an umlsterm, Thrombozytenwertes is an umlsterm, Knochenmarks is an umlsterm, Leukaemie is an umlsterm, Polycythaemia vera is an umlsterm, Thrombozythaemie is an umlsterm, thrombozythaemisch is an umlsterm, Myelofibrose is an umlsterm, Eisenspeicher is an umlsterm, Normalverteilung is an umlsterm, Myelofibrose is an umlsterm

DerPathologe.00210031.ger.abstr_task1

Sentence: Die Differentialdiagnose eines erhoehten Thrombozytenwertes ( > =500x109/l), der insbesondere bei wiederholter Bestimmung gefunden wird , beinhaltet eine Abgrenzung zwischen reaktiven Ursachen im Rahmen ganz unterschiedlicher Grundleiden und einer neoplastischen bzw. myeloproliferativen Systemerkrankung ( CMPE ) . Neben haematologischen Befunden , vor allem jedoch der Entwicklung der einzelnen Laborparameter im Verlaufe der Erkrankung kommt der Histopathologie des Knochenmarks eine wegweisende diagnostische Bedeutung zu . Charakteristische Veraenderungen betreffen nicht nur die Megakaryopoese , sondern auch die uebrigen Zellreihen und das Interstitium . Waehrend bei dem megakaryozytenreichen Subtyp der chronischen myeloischen Leukaemie ( CML ) und beim 5q--Syndrom ( MDS ) abnorm differenzierte Mikromegakaryozyten vorherrschen , ist die Polycythaemia vera ( PV ) durch einen pleomorphen Aspekt dieser Zellreihe und die essentielle Thrombozythaemie ( ET ) durch zahlreiche Riesenformen gekennzeichnet , die einen stark gelappten Kern ( sog . Hirschgeweih-Kerne ) aufweisen . Die klare Trennung einer ET von thrombozythaemisch verlaufenden Formen der idiopathischen Myelofibrose ( IMF ) ist durchaus moeglich , vorausgestzt man beachtet die ausgepraegten Atypien der Megakaryopoese , welche letztere Entitaet auszeichnen . Zudem besitzt die CML eine vorherrschende granulozytaere Zellreihe , waehrend die PV durch eine trilineare Proliferation ( Panmyelose ) mit prominenter erythropoetischer Proliferation gekennzeichnet ist . Eine signifikante Reduktion dieser Zelllinie ist bei der CML und weniger bei der IMF vorhanden . Die CMPE lassen eine deutliche Spannbreite der Retikulumzellsiderose erkennen , die von fehlendem Eisenspeicher ( PV ) ueber ganz spaerliche Ablagerungen ( CML bis hin zur Normalverteilung ( ET ) ) reicht . Aehnliche Befunde sind hinsichtlich einer ( retikulaeren ) Myelofibrose zu erheben , die gewoehnlich bei der ET fehlt , vereinzelt bei der PV besteht und bei der CML und IMF in ganz unterschiedlicher Auspraegung vorhanden ist . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Differentialdiagnose, Thrombozytenwertes, Knochenmarks, Leukaemie, Polycythaemia vera, Thrombozythaemie, thrombozythaemisch, Myelofibrose, Eisenspeicher, Normalverteilung, Myelofibrose Options: umlsterm

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Die Differentialdiagnose eines erhoehten Thrombozytenwertes ( > =500x109/l), der insbesondere bei wiederholter Bestimmung gefunden wird , beinhaltet eine Abgrenzung zwischen reaktiven Ursachen im Rahmen ganz unterschiedlicher Grundleiden und einer neoplastischen bzw. myeloproliferativen Systemerkrankung ( CMPE ) . Neben haematologischen Befunden , vor allem jedoch der Entwicklung der einzelnen Laborparameter im Verlaufe der Erkrankung kommt der Histopathologie des Knochenmarks eine wegweisende diagnostische Bedeutung zu . Charakteristische Veraenderungen betreffen nicht nur die Megakaryopoese , sondern auch die uebrigen Zellreihen und das Interstitium . Waehrend bei dem megakaryozytenreichen Subtyp der chronischen myeloischen Leukaemie ( CML ) und beim 5q--Syndrom ( MDS ) abnorm differenzierte Mikromegakaryozyten vorherrschen , ist die Polycythaemia vera ( PV ) durch einen pleomorphen Aspekt dieser Zellreihe und die essentielle Thrombozythaemie ( ET ) durch zahlreiche Riesenformen gekennzeichnet , die einen stark gelappten Kern ( sog . Hirschgeweih-Kerne ) aufweisen . Die klare Trennung einer ET von thrombozythaemisch verlaufenden Formen der idiopathischen Myelofibrose ( IMF ) ist durchaus moeglich , vorausgestzt man beachtet die ausgepraegten Atypien der Megakaryopoese , welche letztere Entitaet auszeichnen . Zudem besitzt die CML eine vorherrschende granulozytaere Zellreihe , waehrend die PV durch eine trilineare Proliferation ( Panmyelose ) mit prominenter erythropoetischer Proliferation gekennzeichnet ist . Eine signifikante Reduktion dieser Zelllinie ist bei der CML und weniger bei der IMF vorhanden . Die CMPE lassen eine deutliche Spannbreite der Retikulumzellsiderose erkennen , die von fehlendem Eisenspeicher ( PV ) ueber ganz spaerliche Ablagerungen ( CML bis hin zur Normalverteilung ( ET ) ) reicht . Aehnliche Befunde sind hinsichtlich einer ( retikulaeren ) Myelofibrose zu erheben , die gewoehnlich bei der ET fehlt , vereinzelt bei der PV besteht und bei der CML und IMF in ganz unterschiedlicher Auspraegung vorhanden ist .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Differentialdiagnose, Thrombozytenwertes, Knochenmarks, Leukaemie, Polycythaemia vera, Thrombozythaemie, thrombozythaemisch, Myelofibrose, Eisenspeicher, Normalverteilung, Myelofibrose

DerPathologe.00210031.ger.abstr_task2

Sentence: Die Differentialdiagnose eines erhoehten Thrombozytenwertes ( > =500x109/l), der insbesondere bei wiederholter Bestimmung gefunden wird , beinhaltet eine Abgrenzung zwischen reaktiven Ursachen im Rahmen ganz unterschiedlicher Grundleiden und einer neoplastischen bzw. myeloproliferativen Systemerkrankung ( CMPE ) . Neben haematologischen Befunden , vor allem jedoch der Entwicklung der einzelnen Laborparameter im Verlaufe der Erkrankung kommt der Histopathologie des Knochenmarks eine wegweisende diagnostische Bedeutung zu . Charakteristische Veraenderungen betreffen nicht nur die Megakaryopoese , sondern auch die uebrigen Zellreihen und das Interstitium . Waehrend bei dem megakaryozytenreichen Subtyp der chronischen myeloischen Leukaemie ( CML ) und beim 5q--Syndrom ( MDS ) abnorm differenzierte Mikromegakaryozyten vorherrschen , ist die Polycythaemia vera ( PV ) durch einen pleomorphen Aspekt dieser Zellreihe und die essentielle Thrombozythaemie ( ET ) durch zahlreiche Riesenformen gekennzeichnet , die einen stark gelappten Kern ( sog . Hirschgeweih-Kerne ) aufweisen . Die klare Trennung einer ET von thrombozythaemisch verlaufenden Formen der idiopathischen Myelofibrose ( IMF ) ist durchaus moeglich , vorausgestzt man beachtet die ausgepraegten Atypien der Megakaryopoese , welche letztere Entitaet auszeichnen . Zudem besitzt die CML eine vorherrschende granulozytaere Zellreihe , waehrend die PV durch eine trilineare Proliferation ( Panmyelose ) mit prominenter erythropoetischer Proliferation gekennzeichnet ist . Eine signifikante Reduktion dieser Zelllinie ist bei der CML und weniger bei der IMF vorhanden . Die CMPE lassen eine deutliche Spannbreite der Retikulumzellsiderose erkennen , die von fehlendem Eisenspeicher ( PV ) ueber ganz spaerliche Ablagerungen ( CML bis hin zur Normalverteilung ( ET ) ) reicht . Aehnliche Befunde sind hinsichtlich einer ( retikulaeren ) Myelofibrose zu erheben , die gewoehnlich bei der ET fehlt , vereinzelt bei der PV besteht und bei der CML und IMF in ganz unterschiedlicher Auspraegung vorhanden ist . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Die Differentialdiagnose eines erhoehten Thrombozytenwertes ( > =500x109/l), der insbesondere bei wiederholter Bestimmung gefunden wird , beinhaltet eine Abgrenzung zwischen reaktiven Ursachen im Rahmen ganz unterschiedlicher Grundleiden und einer neoplastischen bzw. myeloproliferativen Systemerkrankung ( CMPE ) . Neben haematologischen Befunden , vor allem jedoch der Entwicklung der einzelnen Laborparameter im Verlaufe der Erkrankung kommt der Histopathologie des Knochenmarks eine wegweisende diagnostische Bedeutung zu . Charakteristische Veraenderungen betreffen nicht nur die Megakaryopoese , sondern auch die uebrigen Zellreihen und das Interstitium . Waehrend bei dem megakaryozytenreichen Subtyp der chronischen myeloischen Leukaemie ( CML ) und beim 5q--Syndrom ( MDS ) abnorm differenzierte Mikromegakaryozyten vorherrschen , ist die Polycythaemia vera ( PV ) durch einen pleomorphen Aspekt dieser Zellreihe und die essentielle Thrombozythaemie ( ET ) durch zahlreiche Riesenformen gekennzeichnet , die einen stark gelappten Kern ( sog . Hirschgeweih-Kerne ) aufweisen . Die klare Trennung einer ET von thrombozythaemisch verlaufenden Formen der idiopathischen Myelofibrose ( IMF ) ist durchaus moeglich , vorausgestzt man beachtet die ausgepraegten Atypien der Megakaryopoese , welche letztere Entitaet auszeichnen . Zudem besitzt die CML eine vorherrschende granulozytaere Zellreihe , waehrend die PV durch eine trilineare Proliferation ( Panmyelose ) mit prominenter erythropoetischer Proliferation gekennzeichnet ist . Eine signifikante Reduktion dieser Zelllinie ist bei der CML und weniger bei der IMF vorhanden . Die CMPE lassen eine deutliche Spannbreite der Retikulumzellsiderose erkennen , die von fehlendem Eisenspeicher ( PV ) ueber ganz spaerliche Ablagerungen ( CML bis hin zur Normalverteilung ( ET ) ) reicht . Aehnliche Befunde sind hinsichtlich einer ( retikulaeren ) Myelofibrose zu erheben , die gewoehnlich bei der ET fehlt , vereinzelt bei der PV besteht und bei der CML und IMF in ganz unterschiedlicher Auspraegung vorhanden ist .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Haemophilie A is an umlsterm, Willebrand - Syndroms is an umlsterm, Gelenkveraenderungen is an umlsterm, Therapie is an umlsterm, Synovitis is an umlsterm, Blutungen is an umlsterm, Arbeit is an umlsterm, Methoden is an umlsterm, gelenkerhaltender is an umlsterm, Radiuskoepfchenresektion is an umlsterm, Langzeitergebnissen is an umlsterm, Kontrakturen is an umlsterm, Knieprothesen is an umlsterm, Langzeitergebnisse is an umlsterm, Perioperative Komplikationen is an umlsterm, Blutungen is an umlsterm, Infektionen is an umlsterm, Hueftprothesen is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Prothesenlockerung is an umlsterm, Kniegelenk is an umlsterm, Prothese is an umlsterm, zementfrei is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Kontrakturen is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm

DerOrthopaede.90280356.ger.abstr_task0

Sentence: Als Folge rezidivierender Gelenkeinblutungen entwickeln sich bei schweren Formen der Haemophilie A oder B bzw. eines Willebrand-Syndroms chronische Gelenkveraenderungen im Sinne einer sog . haemophilen Arthropathie . In allen Stadien der Arthropathie stehen konservative Behandlungsmassnahmen im Vordergrund . Erst bei erfolgloser konservativer Therapie ueber 3-6 Monate ist in den fruehen Stadien eine operative Synovektomie zur Kontrolle der Synovitis und der rezidivierenden Blutungen angezeigt . In dieser Arbeit werden die Indikationen , Methoden und Ergebnisse verschiedener gelenkerhaltender Operationen dargestellt und diskutiert . Vor allem die Synovektomie am Ellenbogen mit und ohne Radiuskoepfchenresektion ( n = 7 ) fuehrt zu sehr guten funktionellen Langzeitergebnissen . Alternativ kann in bestimmten Faellen eine Radiosynoviorthese durchgefuehrt werden . Die Endstadien der haemophilen Arthropathie sind oftmals durch ausgepraegte fibroese Kontrakturen gekennzeichnet . Durch die Implantation von Hueftendoprothesen ( n = 13 ) bzw. von Knieprothesen ( n = 20 ) konnten in diesen Stadien nach durchschnittlich 102 bzw. 53 Monaten sehr gute Langzeitergebnisse erzielt werden . Perioperative Komplikationen wie Blutungen oder Infektionen , , wurden in keinem Fall registriert . Bei den Hueftprothesen trat nur eine aseptische Lockerung einer zementierten Pfanne nach 14 Jahren und eine septische Lockerung nach 14 Monaten bei einem HIV-positiven Patienten auf . Auch bei einem 2. HIV-positiven Patienten entwickelte sich eine haematogene Abszedierung ohne Prothesenlockerung . Am Kniegelenk konnten mit einer bikondylaeren Prothese ( n = 14 ) 6 sehr gute und 6 gute sowie 2 maessige Ergebnisse mit HSS-Score festgestellt werden . Es trat nur eine Sinterung eines zementfrei implantierten Tibiaplateaus ohne vollstaendige Lockerung nach 55 Monaten auf . Die funktionellen Ergebnisse mit einer achsgefuehrten Endoprothese ( n = 6 ) waren demgegenueber unguenstiger ( 2 mal gut , 2 mal maessig , 2 mal schlecht ) , wobei diese Patienten bereits praeoperativ erhebliche Kontrakturen und Fehlstellungen aufwiesen . Lockerungen oder Spaetinfekte wurden auch bei HIV-positiven Patienten in keinem Fall einer Knieendoprothese beobachtet . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

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Als Folge rezidivierender Gelenkeinblutungen entwickeln sich bei schweren Formen der Haemophilie A oder B bzw. eines Willebrand-Syndroms chronische Gelenkveraenderungen im Sinne einer sog . haemophilen Arthropathie . In allen Stadien der Arthropathie stehen konservative Behandlungsmassnahmen im Vordergrund . Erst bei erfolgloser konservativer Therapie ueber 3-6 Monate ist in den fruehen Stadien eine operative Synovektomie zur Kontrolle der Synovitis und der rezidivierenden Blutungen angezeigt . In dieser Arbeit werden die Indikationen , Methoden und Ergebnisse verschiedener gelenkerhaltender Operationen dargestellt und diskutiert . Vor allem die Synovektomie am Ellenbogen mit und ohne Radiuskoepfchenresektion ( n = 7 ) fuehrt zu sehr guten funktionellen Langzeitergebnissen . Alternativ kann in bestimmten Faellen eine Radiosynoviorthese durchgefuehrt werden . Die Endstadien der haemophilen Arthropathie sind oftmals durch ausgepraegte fibroese Kontrakturen gekennzeichnet . Durch die Implantation von Hueftendoprothesen ( n = 13 ) bzw. von Knieprothesen ( n = 20 ) konnten in diesen Stadien nach durchschnittlich 102 bzw. 53 Monaten sehr gute Langzeitergebnisse erzielt werden . Perioperative Komplikationen wie Blutungen oder Infektionen , , wurden in keinem Fall registriert . Bei den Hueftprothesen trat nur eine aseptische Lockerung einer zementierten Pfanne nach 14 Jahren und eine septische Lockerung nach 14 Monaten bei einem HIV-positiven Patienten auf . Auch bei einem 2. HIV-positiven Patienten entwickelte sich eine haematogene Abszedierung ohne Prothesenlockerung . Am Kniegelenk konnten mit einer bikondylaeren Prothese ( n = 14 ) 6 sehr gute und 6 gute sowie 2 maessige Ergebnisse mit HSS-Score festgestellt werden . Es trat nur eine Sinterung eines zementfrei implantierten Tibiaplateaus ohne vollstaendige Lockerung nach 55 Monaten auf . Die funktionellen Ergebnisse mit einer achsgefuehrten Endoprothese ( n = 6 ) waren demgegenueber unguenstiger ( 2 mal gut , 2 mal maessig , 2 mal schlecht ) , wobei diese Patienten bereits praeoperativ erhebliche Kontrakturen und Fehlstellungen aufwiesen . Lockerungen oder Spaetinfekte wurden auch bei HIV-positiven Patienten in keinem Fall einer Knieendoprothese beobachtet .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Haemophilie A is an umlsterm, Willebrand - Syndroms is an umlsterm, Gelenkveraenderungen is an umlsterm, Therapie is an umlsterm, Synovitis is an umlsterm, Blutungen is an umlsterm, Arbeit is an umlsterm, Methoden is an umlsterm, gelenkerhaltender is an umlsterm, Radiuskoepfchenresektion is an umlsterm, Langzeitergebnissen is an umlsterm, Kontrakturen is an umlsterm, Knieprothesen is an umlsterm, Langzeitergebnisse is an umlsterm, Perioperative Komplikationen is an umlsterm, Blutungen is an umlsterm, Infektionen is an umlsterm, Hueftprothesen is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Prothesenlockerung is an umlsterm, Kniegelenk is an umlsterm, Prothese is an umlsterm, zementfrei is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Kontrakturen is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm

DerOrthopaede.90280356.ger.abstr_task1

Sentence: Als Folge rezidivierender Gelenkeinblutungen entwickeln sich bei schweren Formen der Haemophilie A oder B bzw. eines Willebrand-Syndroms chronische Gelenkveraenderungen im Sinne einer sog . haemophilen Arthropathie . In allen Stadien der Arthropathie stehen konservative Behandlungsmassnahmen im Vordergrund . Erst bei erfolgloser konservativer Therapie ueber 3-6 Monate ist in den fruehen Stadien eine operative Synovektomie zur Kontrolle der Synovitis und der rezidivierenden Blutungen angezeigt . In dieser Arbeit werden die Indikationen , Methoden und Ergebnisse verschiedener gelenkerhaltender Operationen dargestellt und diskutiert . Vor allem die Synovektomie am Ellenbogen mit und ohne Radiuskoepfchenresektion ( n = 7 ) fuehrt zu sehr guten funktionellen Langzeitergebnissen . Alternativ kann in bestimmten Faellen eine Radiosynoviorthese durchgefuehrt werden . Die Endstadien der haemophilen Arthropathie sind oftmals durch ausgepraegte fibroese Kontrakturen gekennzeichnet . Durch die Implantation von Hueftendoprothesen ( n = 13 ) bzw. von Knieprothesen ( n = 20 ) konnten in diesen Stadien nach durchschnittlich 102 bzw. 53 Monaten sehr gute Langzeitergebnisse erzielt werden . Perioperative Komplikationen wie Blutungen oder Infektionen , , wurden in keinem Fall registriert . Bei den Hueftprothesen trat nur eine aseptische Lockerung einer zementierten Pfanne nach 14 Jahren und eine septische Lockerung nach 14 Monaten bei einem HIV-positiven Patienten auf . Auch bei einem 2. HIV-positiven Patienten entwickelte sich eine haematogene Abszedierung ohne Prothesenlockerung . Am Kniegelenk konnten mit einer bikondylaeren Prothese ( n = 14 ) 6 sehr gute und 6 gute sowie 2 maessige Ergebnisse mit HSS-Score festgestellt werden . Es trat nur eine Sinterung eines zementfrei implantierten Tibiaplateaus ohne vollstaendige Lockerung nach 55 Monaten auf . Die funktionellen Ergebnisse mit einer achsgefuehrten Endoprothese ( n = 6 ) waren demgegenueber unguenstiger ( 2 mal gut , 2 mal maessig , 2 mal schlecht ) , wobei diese Patienten bereits praeoperativ erhebliche Kontrakturen und Fehlstellungen aufwiesen . Lockerungen oder Spaetinfekte wurden auch bei HIV-positiven Patienten in keinem Fall einer Knieendoprothese beobachtet . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Haemophilie A, Willebrand - Syndroms, Gelenkveraenderungen, Therapie, Synovitis, Blutungen, Arbeit, Methoden, gelenkerhaltender, Radiuskoepfchenresektion, Langzeitergebnissen, Kontrakturen, Knieprothesen, Langzeitergebnisse, Perioperative Komplikationen, Blutungen, Infektionen, Hueftprothesen, Patienten, Patienten, Prothesenlockerung, Kniegelenk, Prothese, zementfrei, Patienten, Kontrakturen, Patienten Options: umlsterm

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Als Folge rezidivierender Gelenkeinblutungen entwickeln sich bei schweren Formen der Haemophilie A oder B bzw. eines Willebrand-Syndroms chronische Gelenkveraenderungen im Sinne einer sog . haemophilen Arthropathie . In allen Stadien der Arthropathie stehen konservative Behandlungsmassnahmen im Vordergrund . Erst bei erfolgloser konservativer Therapie ueber 3-6 Monate ist in den fruehen Stadien eine operative Synovektomie zur Kontrolle der Synovitis und der rezidivierenden Blutungen angezeigt . In dieser Arbeit werden die Indikationen , Methoden und Ergebnisse verschiedener gelenkerhaltender Operationen dargestellt und diskutiert . Vor allem die Synovektomie am Ellenbogen mit und ohne Radiuskoepfchenresektion ( n = 7 ) fuehrt zu sehr guten funktionellen Langzeitergebnissen . Alternativ kann in bestimmten Faellen eine Radiosynoviorthese durchgefuehrt werden . Die Endstadien der haemophilen Arthropathie sind oftmals durch ausgepraegte fibroese Kontrakturen gekennzeichnet . Durch die Implantation von Hueftendoprothesen ( n = 13 ) bzw. von Knieprothesen ( n = 20 ) konnten in diesen Stadien nach durchschnittlich 102 bzw. 53 Monaten sehr gute Langzeitergebnisse erzielt werden . Perioperative Komplikationen wie Blutungen oder Infektionen , , wurden in keinem Fall registriert . Bei den Hueftprothesen trat nur eine aseptische Lockerung einer zementierten Pfanne nach 14 Jahren und eine septische Lockerung nach 14 Monaten bei einem HIV-positiven Patienten auf . Auch bei einem 2. HIV-positiven Patienten entwickelte sich eine haematogene Abszedierung ohne Prothesenlockerung . Am Kniegelenk konnten mit einer bikondylaeren Prothese ( n = 14 ) 6 sehr gute und 6 gute sowie 2 maessige Ergebnisse mit HSS-Score festgestellt werden . Es trat nur eine Sinterung eines zementfrei implantierten Tibiaplateaus ohne vollstaendige Lockerung nach 55 Monaten auf . Die funktionellen Ergebnisse mit einer achsgefuehrten Endoprothese ( n = 6 ) waren demgegenueber unguenstiger ( 2 mal gut , 2 mal maessig , 2 mal schlecht ) , wobei diese Patienten bereits praeoperativ erhebliche Kontrakturen und Fehlstellungen aufwiesen . Lockerungen oder Spaetinfekte wurden auch bei HIV-positiven Patienten in keinem Fall einer Knieendoprothese beobachtet .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Haemophilie A, Willebrand - Syndroms, Gelenkveraenderungen, Therapie, Synovitis, Blutungen, Arbeit, Methoden, gelenkerhaltender, Radiuskoepfchenresektion, Langzeitergebnissen, Kontrakturen, Knieprothesen, Langzeitergebnisse, Perioperative Komplikationen, Blutungen, Infektionen, Hueftprothesen, Patienten, Patienten, Prothesenlockerung, Kniegelenk, Prothese, zementfrei, Patienten, Kontrakturen, Patienten

DerOrthopaede.90280356.ger.abstr_task2

Sentence: Als Folge rezidivierender Gelenkeinblutungen entwickeln sich bei schweren Formen der Haemophilie A oder B bzw. eines Willebrand-Syndroms chronische Gelenkveraenderungen im Sinne einer sog . haemophilen Arthropathie . In allen Stadien der Arthropathie stehen konservative Behandlungsmassnahmen im Vordergrund . Erst bei erfolgloser konservativer Therapie ueber 3-6 Monate ist in den fruehen Stadien eine operative Synovektomie zur Kontrolle der Synovitis und der rezidivierenden Blutungen angezeigt . In dieser Arbeit werden die Indikationen , Methoden und Ergebnisse verschiedener gelenkerhaltender Operationen dargestellt und diskutiert . Vor allem die Synovektomie am Ellenbogen mit und ohne Radiuskoepfchenresektion ( n = 7 ) fuehrt zu sehr guten funktionellen Langzeitergebnissen . Alternativ kann in bestimmten Faellen eine Radiosynoviorthese durchgefuehrt werden . Die Endstadien der haemophilen Arthropathie sind oftmals durch ausgepraegte fibroese Kontrakturen gekennzeichnet . Durch die Implantation von Hueftendoprothesen ( n = 13 ) bzw. von Knieprothesen ( n = 20 ) konnten in diesen Stadien nach durchschnittlich 102 bzw. 53 Monaten sehr gute Langzeitergebnisse erzielt werden . Perioperative Komplikationen wie Blutungen oder Infektionen , , wurden in keinem Fall registriert . Bei den Hueftprothesen trat nur eine aseptische Lockerung einer zementierten Pfanne nach 14 Jahren und eine septische Lockerung nach 14 Monaten bei einem HIV-positiven Patienten auf . Auch bei einem 2. HIV-positiven Patienten entwickelte sich eine haematogene Abszedierung ohne Prothesenlockerung . Am Kniegelenk konnten mit einer bikondylaeren Prothese ( n = 14 ) 6 sehr gute und 6 gute sowie 2 maessige Ergebnisse mit HSS-Score festgestellt werden . Es trat nur eine Sinterung eines zementfrei implantierten Tibiaplateaus ohne vollstaendige Lockerung nach 55 Monaten auf . Die funktionellen Ergebnisse mit einer achsgefuehrten Endoprothese ( n = 6 ) waren demgegenueber unguenstiger ( 2 mal gut , 2 mal maessig , 2 mal schlecht ) , wobei diese Patienten bereits praeoperativ erhebliche Kontrakturen und Fehlstellungen aufwiesen . Lockerungen oder Spaetinfekte wurden auch bei HIV-positiven Patienten in keinem Fall einer Knieendoprothese beobachtet . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Als Folge rezidivierender Gelenkeinblutungen entwickeln sich bei schweren Formen der Haemophilie A oder B bzw. eines Willebrand-Syndroms chronische Gelenkveraenderungen im Sinne einer sog . haemophilen Arthropathie . In allen Stadien der Arthropathie stehen konservative Behandlungsmassnahmen im Vordergrund . Erst bei erfolgloser konservativer Therapie ueber 3-6 Monate ist in den fruehen Stadien eine operative Synovektomie zur Kontrolle der Synovitis und der rezidivierenden Blutungen angezeigt . In dieser Arbeit werden die Indikationen , Methoden und Ergebnisse verschiedener gelenkerhaltender Operationen dargestellt und diskutiert . Vor allem die Synovektomie am Ellenbogen mit und ohne Radiuskoepfchenresektion ( n = 7 ) fuehrt zu sehr guten funktionellen Langzeitergebnissen . Alternativ kann in bestimmten Faellen eine Radiosynoviorthese durchgefuehrt werden . Die Endstadien der haemophilen Arthropathie sind oftmals durch ausgepraegte fibroese Kontrakturen gekennzeichnet . Durch die Implantation von Hueftendoprothesen ( n = 13 ) bzw. von Knieprothesen ( n = 20 ) konnten in diesen Stadien nach durchschnittlich 102 bzw. 53 Monaten sehr gute Langzeitergebnisse erzielt werden . Perioperative Komplikationen wie Blutungen oder Infektionen , , wurden in keinem Fall registriert . Bei den Hueftprothesen trat nur eine aseptische Lockerung einer zementierten Pfanne nach 14 Jahren und eine septische Lockerung nach 14 Monaten bei einem HIV-positiven Patienten auf . Auch bei einem 2. HIV-positiven Patienten entwickelte sich eine haematogene Abszedierung ohne Prothesenlockerung . Am Kniegelenk konnten mit einer bikondylaeren Prothese ( n = 14 ) 6 sehr gute und 6 gute sowie 2 maessige Ergebnisse mit HSS-Score festgestellt werden . Es trat nur eine Sinterung eines zementfrei implantierten Tibiaplateaus ohne vollstaendige Lockerung nach 55 Monaten auf . Die funktionellen Ergebnisse mit einer achsgefuehrten Endoprothese ( n = 6 ) waren demgegenueber unguenstiger ( 2 mal gut , 2 mal maessig , 2 mal schlecht ) , wobei diese Patienten bereits praeoperativ erhebliche Kontrakturen und Fehlstellungen aufwiesen . Lockerungen oder Spaetinfekte wurden auch bei HIV-positiven Patienten in keinem Fall einer Knieendoprothese beobachtet .

[ "Als", "Folge", "rezidivierender", "Gelenkeinblutungen", "entwickeln", "sich", "bei", "schweren", "Formen", "der", "Haemophilie", "A", "oder", "B", "bzw", ".", "eines", "Willebrand", "-", "Syndroms", "chronische", "Gelenkveraenderungen", "im", "Sinne", "einer", "sog", ".", "haemophilen", "Arthropathie", ".", "In", "allen", "Stadien", "der", "Arthropathie", "stehen", "konservative", "Behandlungsmassnahmen", "im", "Vordergrund", ".", "Erst", "bei", "erfolgloser", "konservativer", "Therapie", "ueber", "3", "-", "6", "Monate", "ist", "in", "den", "fruehen", "Stadien", "eine", "operative", "Synovektomie", "zur", "Kontrolle", "der", "Synovitis", "und", "der", "rezidivierenden", "Blutungen", "angezeigt", ".", "In", "dieser", "Arbeit", "werden", "die", "Indikationen", ",", "Methoden", "und", "Ergebnisse", "verschiedener", "gelenkerhaltender", "Operationen", "dargestellt", "und", "diskutiert", ".", "Vor", "allem", "die", "Synovektomie", "am", "Ellenbogen", "mit", "und", "ohne", "Radiuskoepfchenresektion", "(", "n", "=", "7", ")", "fuehrt", "zu", "sehr", "guten", "funktionellen", "Langzeitergebnissen", ".", "Alternativ", "kann", "in", "bestimmten", "Faellen", "eine", "Radiosynoviorthese", "durchgefuehrt", "werden", ".", "Die", "Endstadien", "der", "haemophilen", "Arthropathie", "sind", "oftmals", "durch", "ausgepraegte", "fibroese", "Kontrakturen", "gekennzeichnet", ".", "Durch", "die", "Implantation", "von", "Hueftendoprothesen", "(", "n", "=", "13", ")", "bzw", ".", "von", "Knieprothesen", "(", "n", "=", "20", ")", "konnten", "in", "diesen", "Stadien", "nach", "durchschnittlich", "102", "bzw", ".", "53", "Monaten", "sehr", "gute", "Langzeitergebnisse", "erzielt", "werden", ".", "Perioperative", "Komplikationen", "wie", "Blutungen", "oder", "Infektionen", ",", ",", "wurden", "in", "keinem", "Fall", "registriert", ".", "Bei", "den", "Hueftprothesen", "trat", "nur", "eine", "aseptische", "Lockerung", "einer", "zementierten", "Pfanne", "nach", "14", "Jahren", "und", "eine", "septische", "Lockerung", "nach", "14", "Monaten", "bei", "einem", "HIV", "-", "positiven", "Patienten", "auf", ".", "Auch", "bei", "einem", "2", ".", "HIV", "-", "positiven", "Patienten", "entwickelte", "sich", "eine", "haematogene", "Abszedierung", "ohne", "Prothesenlockerung", ".", "Am", "Kniegelenk", "konnten", "mit", "einer", "bikondylaeren", "Prothese", "(", "n", "=", "14", ")", "6", "sehr", "gute", "und", "6", "gute", "sowie", "2", "maessige", "Ergebnisse", "mit", "HSS", "-", "Score", "festgestellt", "werden", ".", "Es", "trat", "nur", "eine", "Sinterung", "eines", "zementfrei", "implantierten", "Tibiaplateaus", "ohne", "vollstaendige", "Lockerung", "nach", "55", "Monaten", "auf", ".", "Die", "funktionellen", "Ergebnisse", "mit", "einer", "achsgefuehrten", "Endoprothese", "(", "n", "=", "6", ")", "waren", "demgegenueber", "unguenstiger", "(", "2", "mal", "gut", ",", "2", "mal", "maessig", ",", "2", "mal", "schlecht", ")", ",", "wobei", "diese", "Patienten", "bereits", "praeoperativ", "erhebliche", "Kontrakturen", "und", "Fehlstellungen", "aufwiesen", ".", "Lockerungen", "oder", "Spaetinfekte", "wurden", "auch", "bei", "HIV", "-", "positiven", "Patienten", "in", "keinem", "Fall", "einer", "Knieendoprothese", "beobachtet", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

Electron is an umlsterm, computed tomography is an umlsterm, calcium is an umlsterm, arteries is an umlsterm, overall is an umlsterm, plaque is an umlsterm, arteries is an umlsterm, stages is an umlsterm, coronary atherosclerosis is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, risk factors is an umlsterm, coronary artery disease is an umlsterm, calcium is an umlsterm, assessment is an umlsterm, preventive is an umlsterm, therapeutic is an umlsterm

ZfuerKardiologie.0089s043.eng.abstr_task0

Sentence: Electron beam computed tomography ( EBCT ) allows viszalization and quantification of calcium in the coronary arteries . This has been demonstrated to correlate well with the overall plaque burden in the coronary arteries . EBCT is , therefore , well suited for the detection of early stages of coronary atherosclerosis . Especially in asymptomatic patients with several risk factors , staging coronary artery disease by coronary calcium , scanning may allow prognostic assessment and guide preventive and therapeutic interventions . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

[ "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O" ]

Electron beam computed tomography ( EBCT ) allows viszalization and quantification of calcium in the coronary arteries . This has been demonstrated to correlate well with the overall plaque burden in the coronary arteries . EBCT is , therefore , well suited for the detection of early stages of coronary atherosclerosis . Especially in asymptomatic patients with several risk factors , staging coronary artery disease by coronary calcium , scanning may allow prognostic assessment and guide preventive and therapeutic interventions .

[ "Electron", "beam", "computed", "tomography", "(", "EBCT", ")", "allows", "viszalization", "and", "quantification", "of", "calcium", "in", "the", "coronary", "arteries", ".", "This", "has", "been", "demonstrated", "to", "correlate", "well", "with", "the", "overall", "plaque", "burden", "in", "the", "coronary", "arteries", ".", "EBCT", "is", ",", "therefore", ",", "well", "suited", "for", "the", "detection", "of", "early", "stages", "of", "coronary", "atherosclerosis", ".", "Especially", "in", "asymptomatic", "patients", "with", "several", "risk", "factors", ",", "staging", "coronary", "artery", "disease", "by", "coronary", "calcium", ",", "scanning", "may", "allow", "prognostic", "assessment", "and", "guide", "preventive", "and", "therapeutic", "interventions", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

Electron is an umlsterm, computed tomography is an umlsterm, calcium is an umlsterm, arteries is an umlsterm, overall is an umlsterm, plaque is an umlsterm, arteries is an umlsterm, stages is an umlsterm, coronary atherosclerosis is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, risk factors is an umlsterm, coronary artery disease is an umlsterm, calcium is an umlsterm, assessment is an umlsterm, preventive is an umlsterm, therapeutic is an umlsterm

ZfuerKardiologie.0089s043.eng.abstr_task1

Sentence: Electron beam computed tomography ( EBCT ) allows viszalization and quantification of calcium in the coronary arteries . This has been demonstrated to correlate well with the overall plaque burden in the coronary arteries . EBCT is , therefore , well suited for the detection of early stages of coronary atherosclerosis . Especially in asymptomatic patients with several risk factors , staging coronary artery disease by coronary calcium , scanning may allow prognostic assessment and guide preventive and therapeutic interventions . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Electron, computed tomography, calcium, arteries, overall, plaque, arteries, stages, coronary atherosclerosis, patients, risk factors, coronary artery disease, calcium, assessment, preventive, therapeutic Options: umlsterm

[ "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O" ]

Electron beam computed tomography ( EBCT ) allows viszalization and quantification of calcium in the coronary arteries . This has been demonstrated to correlate well with the overall plaque burden in the coronary arteries . EBCT is , therefore , well suited for the detection of early stages of coronary atherosclerosis . Especially in asymptomatic patients with several risk factors , staging coronary artery disease by coronary calcium , scanning may allow prognostic assessment and guide preventive and therapeutic interventions .

[ "Electron", "beam", "computed", "tomography", "(", "EBCT", ")", "allows", "viszalization", "and", "quantification", "of", "calcium", "in", "the", "coronary", "arteries", ".", "This", "has", "been", "demonstrated", "to", "correlate", "well", "with", "the", "overall", "plaque", "burden", "in", "the", "coronary", "arteries", ".", "EBCT", "is", ",", "therefore", ",", "well", "suited", "for", "the", "detection", "of", "early", "stages", "of", "coronary", "atherosclerosis", ".", "Especially", "in", "asymptomatic", "patients", "with", "several", "risk", "factors", ",", "staging", "coronary", "artery", "disease", "by", "coronary", "calcium", ",", "scanning", "may", "allow", "prognostic", "assessment", "and", "guide", "preventive", "and", "therapeutic", "interventions", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

Electron, computed tomography, calcium, arteries, overall, plaque, arteries, stages, coronary atherosclerosis, patients, risk factors, coronary artery disease, calcium, assessment, preventive, therapeutic

ZfuerKardiologie.0089s043.eng.abstr_task2

Sentence: Electron beam computed tomography ( EBCT ) allows viszalization and quantification of calcium in the coronary arteries . This has been demonstrated to correlate well with the overall plaque burden in the coronary arteries . EBCT is , therefore , well suited for the detection of early stages of coronary atherosclerosis . Especially in asymptomatic patients with several risk factors , staging coronary artery disease by coronary calcium , scanning may allow prognostic assessment and guide preventive and therapeutic interventions . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O" ]

Electron beam computed tomography ( EBCT ) allows viszalization and quantification of calcium in the coronary arteries . This has been demonstrated to correlate well with the overall plaque burden in the coronary arteries . EBCT is , therefore , well suited for the detection of early stages of coronary atherosclerosis . Especially in asymptomatic patients with several risk factors , staging coronary artery disease by coronary calcium , scanning may allow prognostic assessment and guide preventive and therapeutic interventions .

[ "Electron", "beam", "computed", "tomography", "(", "EBCT", ")", "allows", "viszalization", "and", "quantification", "of", "calcium", "in", "the", "coronary", "arteries", ".", "This", "has", "been", "demonstrated", "to", "correlate", "well", "with", "the", "overall", "plaque", "burden", "in", "the", "coronary", "arteries", ".", "EBCT", "is", ",", "therefore", ",", "well", "suited", "for", "the", "detection", "of", "early", "stages", "of", "coronary", "atherosclerosis", ".", "Especially", "in", "asymptomatic", "patients", "with", "several", "risk", "factors", ",", "staging", "coronary", "artery", "disease", "by", "coronary", "calcium", ",", "scanning", "may", "allow", "prognostic", "assessment", "and", "guide", "preventive", "and", "therapeutic", "interventions", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

miRNA is a Non-Specific_miRNAs

3750_task0

Sentence: [A study on miRNA alternation after H2O2-induced PC12 cell apoptosis using microarray technique]. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Non-Specific_miRNAs

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Non-Specific_miRNAs", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

[A study on miRNA alternation after H2O2-induced PC12 cell apoptosis using microarray technique].

[ "[", "A", "study", "on", "miRNA", "alternation", "after", "H2O2-induced", "PC12", "cell", "apoptosis", "using", "microarray", "technique", "]", ".", " " ]

[ "Diseases", "Relation_Trigger", "Non-Specific_miRNAs" ]

miRNA is a Non-Specific_miRNAs

3750_task1

Sentence: [A study on miRNA alternation after H2O2-induced PC12 cell apoptosis using microarray technique]. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: miRNA Options: Non-Specific_miRNAs

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Non-Specific_miRNAs", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

[A study on miRNA alternation after H2O2-induced PC12 cell apoptosis using microarray technique].

[ "[", "A", "study", "on", "miRNA", "alternation", "after", "H2O2-induced", "PC12", "cell", "apoptosis", "using", "microarray", "technique", "]", ".", " " ]

[ "Diseases", "Relation_Trigger", "Non-Specific_miRNAs" ]

miRNA

3750_task2

Sentence: [A study on miRNA alternation after H2O2-induced PC12 cell apoptosis using microarray technique]. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Non-Specific_miRNAs", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

[A study on miRNA alternation after H2O2-induced PC12 cell apoptosis using microarray technique].

[ "[", "A", "study", "on", "miRNA", "alternation", "after", "H2O2-induced", "PC12", "cell", "apoptosis", "using", "microarray", "technique", "]", ".", " " ]

[ "Diseases", "Relation_Trigger", "Non-Specific_miRNAs" ]

cognitive behaviour therapy is a Intervention_Educational, specialist medical care is a Intervention_Other, chronic fatigue syndrome is a Participant_Condition, CBT is a Intervention_Psychological, effectiveness and safety is a Outcome_Other, adaptive pacing therapy ( APT ) is a Intervention_Educational, Chalder fatigue questionnaire score is a Outcome_Other, physical function is a Outcome_Physical, short form-36 subscale score is a Outcome_Other, serious adverse events is a Outcome_Adverse-effects, serious adverse reactions is a Outcome_Adverse-effects, 641 is a Participant_Condition, SMC - alone is a Intervention_Physical, mean fatigue scores is a Outcome_Physical

49317_task0

Sentence: Comparison of adaptive pacing therapy , cognitive behaviour therapy , graded exercise therapy , and specialist medical care for chronic fatigue syndrome ( PACE ) : a randomised trial . BACKGROUND Trial findings show cognitive behaviour therapy ( CBT ) and graded exercise therapy ( GET ) can be effective treatments for chronic fatigue syndrome , but patients ' organisations have reported that these treatments can be harmful and favour pacing and specialist health care . We aimed to assess effectiveness and safety of all four treatments . METHODS In our parallel-group randomised trial , patients meeting Oxford criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome were recruited from six secondary-care clinics in the UK and randomly allocated by computer-generated sequence to receive specialist medical care ( SMC ) alone or with adaptive pacing therapy ( APT ) , CBT , or GET . Primary outcomes were fatigue ( measured by Chalder fatigue questionnaire score ) and physical function ( measured by short form-36 subscale score ) up to 52 weeks after randomisation , and safety was assessed primarily by recording all serious adverse events , including serious adverse reactions to trial treatments . Primary outcomes were rated by participants , who were necessarily unmasked to treatment assignment ; the statistician was masked to treatment assignment for the analysis of primary outcomes . We used longitudinal regression models to compare SMC alone with other treatments , APT with CBT , and APT with GET . The final analysis included all participants for whom we had data for primary outcomes . This trial is registered at http : //isrctn.org , number ISRCTN54285094 . FINDINGS We recruited 641 eligible patients , of whom 160 were assigned to the APT group , 161 to the CBT group , 160 to the GET group , and 160 to the SMC-alone group . Compared with SMC alone , mean fatigue scores at 52 weeks were 3·4 ( 95 % CI 1·8 to 5·0 ) points lower for CBT ( p = 0·0001 ) and 3·2 ( 1·7 to 4·8 ) points lower for GET ( p = 0·0003 ) , but did not differ for APT ( 0·7 [ -0·9 to 2·3 ] points lower ; p = 0·38 ) . Compared with SMC alone , mean physical function scores were 7·1 ( 2·0 to 12·1 ) points higher for CBT ( p = 0·0068 ) and 9·4 ( 4·4 to 14·4 ) points higher for GET ( p = 0·0005 ) , but did not differ for APT ( 3·4 [ -1·6 to 8·4 ] points lower ; p=0·18 ) . Compared with APT , CBT and GET were associated with less fatigue ( CBT p = 0·0027 ; GET p = 0·0059 ) and better physical function ( CBT p=0·0002 ; GET p < 0·0001 ) . Subgroup analysis of 427 participants meeting international criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome and 329 participants meeting London criteria for myalgic encephalomyelitis yielded equivalent results . Serious adverse reactions were recorded in two ( 1 % ) of 159 participants in the APT group , three ( 2 % ) of 161 in the CBT group , two ( 1 % ) of 160 in the GET group , and two ( 1 % ) of 160 in the SMC-alone group . INTERPRETATION CBT and GET can safely be added to SMC to moderately improve outcomes for chronic fatigue syndrome , but APT is not an effective addition . FUNDING UK Medical Research Council , Department of Health for England , Scottish Chief Scientist Office , Department for Work and Pensions . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Psychological, Outcome_Adverse-effects, Intervention_Physical, Participant_Condition, Intervention_Educational, Intervention_Other, Outcome_Physical, Outcome_Other

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Comparison of adaptive pacing therapy , cognitive behaviour therapy , graded exercise therapy , and specialist medical care for chronic fatigue syndrome ( PACE ) : a randomised trial . BACKGROUND Trial findings show cognitive behaviour therapy ( CBT ) and graded exercise therapy ( GET ) can be effective treatments for chronic fatigue syndrome , but patients ' organisations have reported that these treatments can be harmful and favour pacing and specialist health care . We aimed to assess effectiveness and safety of all four treatments . METHODS In our parallel-group randomised trial , patients meeting Oxford criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome were recruited from six secondary-care clinics in the UK and randomly allocated by computer-generated sequence to receive specialist medical care ( SMC ) alone or with adaptive pacing therapy ( APT ) , CBT , or GET . Primary outcomes were fatigue ( measured by Chalder fatigue questionnaire score ) and physical function ( measured by short form-36 subscale score ) up to 52 weeks after randomisation , and safety was assessed primarily by recording all serious adverse events , including serious adverse reactions to trial treatments . Primary outcomes were rated by participants , who were necessarily unmasked to treatment assignment ; the statistician was masked to treatment assignment for the analysis of primary outcomes . We used longitudinal regression models to compare SMC alone with other treatments , APT with CBT , and APT with GET . The final analysis included all participants for whom we had data for primary outcomes . This trial is registered at http : //isrctn.org , number ISRCTN54285094 . FINDINGS We recruited 641 eligible patients , of whom 160 were assigned to the APT group , 161 to the CBT group , 160 to the GET group , and 160 to the SMC-alone group . Compared with SMC alone , mean fatigue scores at 52 weeks were 3·4 ( 95 % CI 1·8 to 5·0 ) points lower for CBT ( p = 0·0001 ) and 3·2 ( 1·7 to 4·8 ) points lower for GET ( p = 0·0003 ) , but did not differ for APT ( 0·7 [ -0·9 to 2·3 ] points lower ; p = 0·38 ) . Compared with SMC alone , mean physical function scores were 7·1 ( 2·0 to 12·1 ) points higher for CBT ( p = 0·0068 ) and 9·4 ( 4·4 to 14·4 ) points higher for GET ( p = 0·0005 ) , but did not differ for APT ( 3·4 [ -1·6 to 8·4 ] points lower ; p=0·18 ) . Compared with APT , CBT and GET were associated with less fatigue ( CBT p = 0·0027 ; GET p = 0·0059 ) and better physical function ( CBT p=0·0002 ; GET p < 0·0001 ) . Subgroup analysis of 427 participants meeting international criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome and 329 participants meeting London criteria for myalgic encephalomyelitis yielded equivalent results . Serious adverse reactions were recorded in two ( 1 % ) of 159 participants in the APT group , three ( 2 % ) of 161 in the CBT group , two ( 1 % ) of 160 in the GET group , and two ( 1 % ) of 160 in the SMC-alone group . INTERPRETATION CBT and GET can safely be added to SMC to moderately improve outcomes for chronic fatigue syndrome , but APT is not an effective addition . FUNDING UK Medical Research Council , Department of Health for England , Scottish Chief Scientist Office , Department for Work and Pensions .

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"=", "0·0001", ")", "and", "3·2", "(", "1·7", "to", "4·8", ")", "points", "lower", "for", "GET", "(", "p", "=", "0·0003", ")", ",", "but", "did", "not", "differ", "for", "APT", "(", "0·7", "[", "-0·9", "to", "2·3", "]", "points", "lower", ";", "p", "=", "0·38", ")", ".", "Compared", "with", "SMC", "alone", ",", "mean", "physical", "function", "scores", "were", "7·1", "(", "2·0", "to", "12·1", ")", "points", "higher", "for", "CBT", "(", "p", "=", "0·0068", ")", "and", "9·4", "(", "4·4", "to", "14·4", ")", "points", "higher", "for", "GET", "(", "p", "=", "0·0005", ")", ",", "but", "did", "not", "differ", "for", "APT", "(", "3·4", "[", "-1·6", "to", "8·4", "]", "points", "lower", ";", "p=0·18", ")", ".", "Compared", "with", "APT", ",", "CBT", "and", "GET", "were", "associated", "with", "less", "fatigue", "(", "CBT", "p", "=", "0·0027", ";", "GET", "p", "=", "0·0059", ")", "and", "better", "physical", "function", "(", "CBT", "p=0·0002", ";", "GET", "p", "<", "0·0001", ")", ".", "Subgroup", "analysis", "of", "427", "participants", "meeting", "international", "criteria", "for", "chronic", "fatigue", "syndrome", "and", "329", "participants", "meeting", "London", "criteria", "for", "myalgic", "encephalomyelitis", "yielded", "equivalent", "results", ".", "Serious", "adverse", "reactions", "were", "recorded", "in", "two", "(", "1", "%", ")", "of", "159", "participants", "in", "the", "APT", "group", ",", "three", "(", "2", "%", ")", "of", "161", "in", "the", "CBT", "group", ",", "two", "(", "1", "%", ")", "of", "160", "in", "the", "GET", "group", ",", "and", "two", "(", "1", "%", ")", "of", "160", "in", "the", "SMC", "-", "alone", "group", ".", "INTERPRETATION", "CBT", "and", "GET", "can", "safely", "be", "added", "to", "SMC", "to", "moderately", "improve", "outcomes", "for", "chronic", "fatigue", "syndrome", ",", "but", "APT", "is", "not", "an", "effective", "addition", ".", "FUNDING", "UK", "Medical", "Research", "Council", ",", "Department", "of", "Health", "for", "England", ",", "Scottish", "Chief", "Scientist", "Office", ",", "Department", "for", "Work", "and", "Pensions", "." ]

[ "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Educational", "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Other", "Outcome_Physical", "Intervention_Physical", "Intervention_Psychological" ]

cognitive behaviour therapy is a Intervention_Educational, specialist medical care is a Intervention_Other, chronic fatigue syndrome is a Participant_Condition, CBT is a Intervention_Psychological, effectiveness and safety is a Outcome_Other, adaptive pacing therapy ( APT ) is a Intervention_Educational, Chalder fatigue questionnaire score is a Outcome_Other, physical function is a Outcome_Physical, short form-36 subscale score is a Outcome_Other, serious adverse events is a Outcome_Adverse-effects, serious adverse reactions is a Outcome_Adverse-effects, 641 is a Participant_Condition, SMC - alone is a Intervention_Physical, mean fatigue scores is a Outcome_Physical

49317_task1

Sentence: Comparison of adaptive pacing therapy , cognitive behaviour therapy , graded exercise therapy , and specialist medical care for chronic fatigue syndrome ( PACE ) : a randomised trial . BACKGROUND Trial findings show cognitive behaviour therapy ( CBT ) and graded exercise therapy ( GET ) can be effective treatments for chronic fatigue syndrome , but patients ' organisations have reported that these treatments can be harmful and favour pacing and specialist health care . We aimed to assess effectiveness and safety of all four treatments . METHODS In our parallel-group randomised trial , patients meeting Oxford criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome were recruited from six secondary-care clinics in the UK and randomly allocated by computer-generated sequence to receive specialist medical care ( SMC ) alone or with adaptive pacing therapy ( APT ) , CBT , or GET . Primary outcomes were fatigue ( measured by Chalder fatigue questionnaire score ) and physical function ( measured by short form-36 subscale score ) up to 52 weeks after randomisation , and safety was assessed primarily by recording all serious adverse events , including serious adverse reactions to trial treatments . Primary outcomes were rated by participants , who were necessarily unmasked to treatment assignment ; the statistician was masked to treatment assignment for the analysis of primary outcomes . We used longitudinal regression models to compare SMC alone with other treatments , APT with CBT , and APT with GET . The final analysis included all participants for whom we had data for primary outcomes . This trial is registered at http : //isrctn.org , number ISRCTN54285094 . FINDINGS We recruited 641 eligible patients , of whom 160 were assigned to the APT group , 161 to the CBT group , 160 to the GET group , and 160 to the SMC-alone group . Compared with SMC alone , mean fatigue scores at 52 weeks were 3·4 ( 95 % CI 1·8 to 5·0 ) points lower for CBT ( p = 0·0001 ) and 3·2 ( 1·7 to 4·8 ) points lower for GET ( p = 0·0003 ) , but did not differ for APT ( 0·7 [ -0·9 to 2·3 ] points lower ; p = 0·38 ) . Compared with SMC alone , mean physical function scores were 7·1 ( 2·0 to 12·1 ) points higher for CBT ( p = 0·0068 ) and 9·4 ( 4·4 to 14·4 ) points higher for GET ( p = 0·0005 ) , but did not differ for APT ( 3·4 [ -1·6 to 8·4 ] points lower ; p=0·18 ) . Compared with APT , CBT and GET were associated with less fatigue ( CBT p = 0·0027 ; GET p = 0·0059 ) and better physical function ( CBT p=0·0002 ; GET p < 0·0001 ) . Subgroup analysis of 427 participants meeting international criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome and 329 participants meeting London criteria for myalgic encephalomyelitis yielded equivalent results . Serious adverse reactions were recorded in two ( 1 % ) of 159 participants in the APT group , three ( 2 % ) of 161 in the CBT group , two ( 1 % ) of 160 in the GET group , and two ( 1 % ) of 160 in the SMC-alone group . INTERPRETATION CBT and GET can safely be added to SMC to moderately improve outcomes for chronic fatigue syndrome , but APT is not an effective addition . FUNDING UK Medical Research Council , Department of Health for England , Scottish Chief Scientist Office , Department for Work and Pensions . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: cognitive behaviour therapy, specialist medical care, chronic fatigue syndrome, CBT, effectiveness and safety, adaptive pacing therapy ( APT ), Chalder fatigue questionnaire score, physical function, short form-36 subscale score, serious adverse events, serious adverse reactions, 641, SMC - alone, mean fatigue scores Options: Intervention_Psychological, Outcome_Adverse-effects, Intervention_Physical, Participant_Condition, Intervention_Educational, Intervention_Other, Outcome_Physical, Outcome_Other

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Comparison of adaptive pacing therapy , cognitive behaviour therapy , graded exercise therapy , and specialist medical care for chronic fatigue syndrome ( PACE ) : a randomised trial . BACKGROUND Trial findings show cognitive behaviour therapy ( CBT ) and graded exercise therapy ( GET ) can be effective treatments for chronic fatigue syndrome , but patients ' organisations have reported that these treatments can be harmful and favour pacing and specialist health care . We aimed to assess effectiveness and safety of all four treatments . METHODS In our parallel-group randomised trial , patients meeting Oxford criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome were recruited from six secondary-care clinics in the UK and randomly allocated by computer-generated sequence to receive specialist medical care ( SMC ) alone or with adaptive pacing therapy ( APT ) , CBT , or GET . Primary outcomes were fatigue ( measured by Chalder fatigue questionnaire score ) and physical function ( measured by short form-36 subscale score ) up to 52 weeks after randomisation , and safety was assessed primarily by recording all serious adverse events , including serious adverse reactions to trial treatments . Primary outcomes were rated by participants , who were necessarily unmasked to treatment assignment ; the statistician was masked to treatment assignment for the analysis of primary outcomes . We used longitudinal regression models to compare SMC alone with other treatments , APT with CBT , and APT with GET . The final analysis included all participants for whom we had data for primary outcomes . This trial is registered at http : //isrctn.org , number ISRCTN54285094 . FINDINGS We recruited 641 eligible patients , of whom 160 were assigned to the APT group , 161 to the CBT group , 160 to the GET group , and 160 to the SMC-alone group . Compared with SMC alone , mean fatigue scores at 52 weeks were 3·4 ( 95 % CI 1·8 to 5·0 ) points lower for CBT ( p = 0·0001 ) and 3·2 ( 1·7 to 4·8 ) points lower for GET ( p = 0·0003 ) , but did not differ for APT ( 0·7 [ -0·9 to 2·3 ] points lower ; p = 0·38 ) . Compared with SMC alone , mean physical function scores were 7·1 ( 2·0 to 12·1 ) points higher for CBT ( p = 0·0068 ) and 9·4 ( 4·4 to 14·4 ) points higher for GET ( p = 0·0005 ) , but did not differ for APT ( 3·4 [ -1·6 to 8·4 ] points lower ; p=0·18 ) . Compared with APT , CBT and GET were associated with less fatigue ( CBT p = 0·0027 ; GET p = 0·0059 ) and better physical function ( CBT p=0·0002 ; GET p < 0·0001 ) . Subgroup analysis of 427 participants meeting international criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome and 329 participants meeting London criteria for myalgic encephalomyelitis yielded equivalent results . Serious adverse reactions were recorded in two ( 1 % ) of 159 participants in the APT group , three ( 2 % ) of 161 in the CBT group , two ( 1 % ) of 160 in the GET group , and two ( 1 % ) of 160 in the SMC-alone group . INTERPRETATION CBT and GET can safely be added to SMC to moderately improve outcomes for chronic fatigue syndrome , but APT is not an effective addition . FUNDING UK Medical Research Council , Department of Health for England , Scottish Chief Scientist Office , Department for Work and Pensions .

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"from", "six", "secondary", "-", "care", "clinics", "in", "the", "UK", "and", "randomly", "allocated", "by", "computer", "-", "generated", "sequence", "to", "receive", "specialist", "medical", "care", "(", "SMC", ")", "alone", "or", "with", "adaptive", "pacing", "therapy", "(", "APT", ")", ",", "CBT", ",", "or", "GET", ".", "Primary", "outcomes", "were", "fatigue", "(", "measured", "by", "Chalder", "fatigue", "questionnaire", "score", ")", "and", "physical", "function", "(", "measured", "by", "short", "form-36", "subscale", "score", ")", "up", "to", "52", "weeks", "after", "randomisation", ",", "and", "safety", "was", "assessed", "primarily", "by", "recording", "all", "serious", "adverse", "events", ",", "including", "serious", "adverse", "reactions", "to", "trial", "treatments", ".", "Primary", "outcomes", "were", "rated", "by", "participants", ",", "who", "were", "necessarily", "unmasked", "to", "treatment", "assignment", ";", "the", "statistician", "was", "masked", "to", 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"=", "0·0001", ")", "and", "3·2", "(", "1·7", "to", "4·8", ")", "points", "lower", "for", "GET", "(", "p", "=", "0·0003", ")", ",", "but", "did", "not", "differ", "for", "APT", "(", "0·7", "[", "-0·9", "to", "2·3", "]", "points", "lower", ";", "p", "=", "0·38", ")", ".", "Compared", "with", "SMC", "alone", ",", "mean", "physical", "function", "scores", "were", "7·1", "(", "2·0", "to", "12·1", ")", "points", "higher", "for", "CBT", "(", "p", "=", "0·0068", ")", "and", "9·4", "(", "4·4", "to", "14·4", ")", "points", "higher", "for", "GET", "(", "p", "=", "0·0005", ")", ",", "but", "did", "not", "differ", "for", "APT", "(", "3·4", "[", "-1·6", "to", "8·4", "]", "points", "lower", ";", "p=0·18", ")", ".", "Compared", "with", "APT", ",", "CBT", "and", "GET", "were", "associated", "with", "less", "fatigue", "(", "CBT", "p", "=", "0·0027", ";", "GET", "p", "=", "0·0059", ")", "and", "better", "physical", "function", "(", "CBT", "p=0·0002", ";", "GET", "p", "<", "0·0001", ")", ".", "Subgroup", 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",", "Scottish", "Chief", "Scientist", "Office", ",", "Department", "for", "Work", "and", "Pensions", "." ]

[ "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Educational", "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Other", "Outcome_Physical", "Intervention_Physical", "Intervention_Psychological" ]

cognitive behaviour therapy, specialist medical care, chronic fatigue syndrome, CBT, effectiveness and safety, adaptive pacing therapy ( APT ), Chalder fatigue questionnaire score, physical function, short form-36 subscale score, serious adverse events, serious adverse reactions, 641, SMC - alone, mean fatigue scores

49317_task2

Sentence: Comparison of adaptive pacing therapy , cognitive behaviour therapy , graded exercise therapy , and specialist medical care for chronic fatigue syndrome ( PACE ) : a randomised trial . BACKGROUND Trial findings show cognitive behaviour therapy ( CBT ) and graded exercise therapy ( GET ) can be effective treatments for chronic fatigue syndrome , but patients ' organisations have reported that these treatments can be harmful and favour pacing and specialist health care . We aimed to assess effectiveness and safety of all four treatments . METHODS In our parallel-group randomised trial , patients meeting Oxford criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome were recruited from six secondary-care clinics in the UK and randomly allocated by computer-generated sequence to receive specialist medical care ( SMC ) alone or with adaptive pacing therapy ( APT ) , CBT , or GET . Primary outcomes were fatigue ( measured by Chalder fatigue questionnaire score ) and physical function ( measured by short form-36 subscale score ) up to 52 weeks after randomisation , and safety was assessed primarily by recording all serious adverse events , including serious adverse reactions to trial treatments . Primary outcomes were rated by participants , who were necessarily unmasked to treatment assignment ; the statistician was masked to treatment assignment for the analysis of primary outcomes . We used longitudinal regression models to compare SMC alone with other treatments , APT with CBT , and APT with GET . The final analysis included all participants for whom we had data for primary outcomes . This trial is registered at http : //isrctn.org , number ISRCTN54285094 . FINDINGS We recruited 641 eligible patients , of whom 160 were assigned to the APT group , 161 to the CBT group , 160 to the GET group , and 160 to the SMC-alone group . Compared with SMC alone , mean fatigue scores at 52 weeks were 3·4 ( 95 % CI 1·8 to 5·0 ) points lower for CBT ( p = 0·0001 ) and 3·2 ( 1·7 to 4·8 ) points lower for GET ( p = 0·0003 ) , but did not differ for APT ( 0·7 [ -0·9 to 2·3 ] points lower ; p = 0·38 ) . Compared with SMC alone , mean physical function scores were 7·1 ( 2·0 to 12·1 ) points higher for CBT ( p = 0·0068 ) and 9·4 ( 4·4 to 14·4 ) points higher for GET ( p = 0·0005 ) , but did not differ for APT ( 3·4 [ -1·6 to 8·4 ] points lower ; p=0·18 ) . Compared with APT , CBT and GET were associated with less fatigue ( CBT p = 0·0027 ; GET p = 0·0059 ) and better physical function ( CBT p=0·0002 ; GET p < 0·0001 ) . Subgroup analysis of 427 participants meeting international criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome and 329 participants meeting London criteria for myalgic encephalomyelitis yielded equivalent results . Serious adverse reactions were recorded in two ( 1 % ) of 159 participants in the APT group , three ( 2 % ) of 161 in the CBT group , two ( 1 % ) of 160 in the GET group , and two ( 1 % ) of 160 in the SMC-alone group . INTERPRETATION CBT and GET can safely be added to SMC to moderately improve outcomes for chronic fatigue syndrome , but APT is not an effective addition . FUNDING UK Medical Research Council , Department of Health for England , Scottish Chief Scientist Office , Department for Work and Pensions . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Comparison of adaptive pacing therapy , cognitive behaviour therapy , graded exercise therapy , and specialist medical care for chronic fatigue syndrome ( PACE ) : a randomised trial . BACKGROUND Trial findings show cognitive behaviour therapy ( CBT ) and graded exercise therapy ( GET ) can be effective treatments for chronic fatigue syndrome , but patients ' organisations have reported that these treatments can be harmful and favour pacing and specialist health care . We aimed to assess effectiveness and safety of all four treatments . METHODS In our parallel-group randomised trial , patients meeting Oxford criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome were recruited from six secondary-care clinics in the UK and randomly allocated by computer-generated sequence to receive specialist medical care ( SMC ) alone or with adaptive pacing therapy ( APT ) , CBT , or GET . Primary outcomes were fatigue ( measured by Chalder fatigue questionnaire score ) and physical function ( measured by short form-36 subscale score ) up to 52 weeks after randomisation , and safety was assessed primarily by recording all serious adverse events , including serious adverse reactions to trial treatments . Primary outcomes were rated by participants , who were necessarily unmasked to treatment assignment ; the statistician was masked to treatment assignment for the analysis of primary outcomes . We used longitudinal regression models to compare SMC alone with other treatments , APT with CBT , and APT with GET . The final analysis included all participants for whom we had data for primary outcomes . This trial is registered at http : //isrctn.org , number ISRCTN54285094 . FINDINGS We recruited 641 eligible patients , of whom 160 were assigned to the APT group , 161 to the CBT group , 160 to the GET group , and 160 to the SMC-alone group . Compared with SMC alone , mean fatigue scores at 52 weeks were 3·4 ( 95 % CI 1·8 to 5·0 ) points lower for CBT ( p = 0·0001 ) and 3·2 ( 1·7 to 4·8 ) points lower for GET ( p = 0·0003 ) , but did not differ for APT ( 0·7 [ -0·9 to 2·3 ] points lower ; p = 0·38 ) . Compared with SMC alone , mean physical function scores were 7·1 ( 2·0 to 12·1 ) points higher for CBT ( p = 0·0068 ) and 9·4 ( 4·4 to 14·4 ) points higher for GET ( p = 0·0005 ) , but did not differ for APT ( 3·4 [ -1·6 to 8·4 ] points lower ; p=0·18 ) . Compared with APT , CBT and GET were associated with less fatigue ( CBT p = 0·0027 ; GET p = 0·0059 ) and better physical function ( CBT p=0·0002 ; GET p < 0·0001 ) . Subgroup analysis of 427 participants meeting international criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome and 329 participants meeting London criteria for myalgic encephalomyelitis yielded equivalent results . Serious adverse reactions were recorded in two ( 1 % ) of 159 participants in the APT group , three ( 2 % ) of 161 in the CBT group , two ( 1 % ) of 160 in the GET group , and two ( 1 % ) of 160 in the SMC-alone group . INTERPRETATION CBT and GET can safely be added to SMC to moderately improve outcomes for chronic fatigue syndrome , but APT is not an effective addition . FUNDING UK Medical Research Council , Department of Health for England , Scottish Chief Scientist Office , Department for Work and Pensions .

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",", "Scottish", "Chief", "Scientist", "Office", ",", "Department", "for", "Work", "and", "Pensions", "." ]

[ "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Educational", "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Other", "Outcome_Physical", "Intervention_Physical", "Intervention_Psychological" ]

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Organism, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Organism, P. aeruginosa is a Organism, lipopolysaccharide is a Chemical, LPS is a Chemical, PmrAB is a Two-component-system, PA3552-PA3559 is a Regulon-operon, P. aeruginosa is a Organism, aminoglycosides is a Chemical, beta - lactam is a Chemical, fluoroquinolone is a Chemical, P. aeruginosa is a Organism

106_task0

Sentence: Extracellular DNA Chelates Cations and Induces Antibiotic Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms Biofilms are surface-adhered bacterial communities encased in an extracellular matrix composed of DNA, bacterial polysaccharides and proteins, which are up to 1000-fold more antibiotic resistant than planktonic cultures. To date, extracellular DNA has been shown to function as a structural support to maintain Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm architecture. Here we show that DNA is a multifaceted component of P. aeruginosa biofilms. At physiologically relevant concentrations, extracellular DNA has antimicrobial activity, causing cell lysis by chelating cations that stabilize lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the outer membrane (OM). DNA-mediated killing occurred within minutes, as a result of perturbation of both the outer and inner membrane (IM) and the release of cytoplasmic contents, including genomic DNA. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of DNA created a cation-limited environment that resulted in induction of the PhoPQ- and PmrAB-regulated cationic antimicrobial peptide resistance operon PA3552-PA3559 in P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, DNA-induced expression of this operon resulted in up to 2560-fold increased resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides and 640-fold increased resistance to aminoglycosides, but had no effect on beta-lactam and fluoroquinolone resistance. Thus, the presence of extracellular DNA in the biofilm matrix contributes to cation gradients, genomic DNA release and inducible antibiotic resistance. DNA-rich environments, including biofilms and other infection sites like the CF lung, are likely the in vivo environments where extracellular pathogens such as P. aeruginosa encounter cation limitation. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Regulon-operon, Chemical, Two-component-system, Organism

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Extracellular DNA Chelates Cations and Induces Antibiotic Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms Biofilms are surface-adhered bacterial communities encased in an extracellular matrix composed of DNA, bacterial polysaccharides and proteins, which are up to 1000-fold more antibiotic resistant than planktonic cultures. To date, extracellular DNA has been shown to function as a structural support to maintain Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm architecture. Here we show that DNA is a multifaceted component of P. aeruginosa biofilms. At physiologically relevant concentrations, extracellular DNA has antimicrobial activity, causing cell lysis by chelating cations that stabilize lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the outer membrane (OM). DNA-mediated killing occurred within minutes, as a result of perturbation of both the outer and inner membrane (IM) and the release of cytoplasmic contents, including genomic DNA. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of DNA created a cation-limited environment that resulted in induction of the PhoPQ- and PmrAB-regulated cationic antimicrobial peptide resistance operon PA3552-PA3559 in P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, DNA-induced expression of this operon resulted in up to 2560-fold increased resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides and 640-fold increased resistance to aminoglycosides, but had no effect on beta-lactam and fluoroquinolone resistance. Thus, the presence of extracellular DNA in the biofilm matrix contributes to cation gradients, genomic DNA release and inducible antibiotic resistance. DNA-rich environments, including biofilms and other infection sites like the CF lung, are likely the in vivo environments where extracellular pathogens such as P. aeruginosa encounter cation limitation.

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[ "Organism", "Chemical", "Regulon-operon", "Protein", "Two-component-system" ]

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Organism, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Organism, P. aeruginosa is a Organism, lipopolysaccharide is a Chemical, LPS is a Chemical, PmrAB is a Two-component-system, PA3552-PA3559 is a Regulon-operon, P. aeruginosa is a Organism, aminoglycosides is a Chemical, beta - lactam is a Chemical, fluoroquinolone is a Chemical, P. aeruginosa is a Organism

106_task1

Sentence: Extracellular DNA Chelates Cations and Induces Antibiotic Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms Biofilms are surface-adhered bacterial communities encased in an extracellular matrix composed of DNA, bacterial polysaccharides and proteins, which are up to 1000-fold more antibiotic resistant than planktonic cultures. To date, extracellular DNA has been shown to function as a structural support to maintain Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm architecture. Here we show that DNA is a multifaceted component of P. aeruginosa biofilms. At physiologically relevant concentrations, extracellular DNA has antimicrobial activity, causing cell lysis by chelating cations that stabilize lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the outer membrane (OM). DNA-mediated killing occurred within minutes, as a result of perturbation of both the outer and inner membrane (IM) and the release of cytoplasmic contents, including genomic DNA. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of DNA created a cation-limited environment that resulted in induction of the PhoPQ- and PmrAB-regulated cationic antimicrobial peptide resistance operon PA3552-PA3559 in P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, DNA-induced expression of this operon resulted in up to 2560-fold increased resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides and 640-fold increased resistance to aminoglycosides, but had no effect on beta-lactam and fluoroquinolone resistance. Thus, the presence of extracellular DNA in the biofilm matrix contributes to cation gradients, genomic DNA release and inducible antibiotic resistance. DNA-rich environments, including biofilms and other infection sites like the CF lung, are likely the in vivo environments where extracellular pathogens such as P. aeruginosa encounter cation limitation. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. aeruginosa, lipopolysaccharide, LPS, PmrAB, PA3552-PA3559, P. aeruginosa, aminoglycosides, beta - lactam, fluoroquinolone, P. aeruginosa Options: Regulon-operon, Chemical, Two-component-system, Organism

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Extracellular DNA Chelates Cations and Induces Antibiotic Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms Biofilms are surface-adhered bacterial communities encased in an extracellular matrix composed of DNA, bacterial polysaccharides and proteins, which are up to 1000-fold more antibiotic resistant than planktonic cultures. To date, extracellular DNA has been shown to function as a structural support to maintain Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm architecture. Here we show that DNA is a multifaceted component of P. aeruginosa biofilms. At physiologically relevant concentrations, extracellular DNA has antimicrobial activity, causing cell lysis by chelating cations that stabilize lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the outer membrane (OM). DNA-mediated killing occurred within minutes, as a result of perturbation of both the outer and inner membrane (IM) and the release of cytoplasmic contents, including genomic DNA. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of DNA created a cation-limited environment that resulted in induction of the PhoPQ- and PmrAB-regulated cationic antimicrobial peptide resistance operon PA3552-PA3559 in P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, DNA-induced expression of this operon resulted in up to 2560-fold increased resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides and 640-fold increased resistance to aminoglycosides, but had no effect on beta-lactam and fluoroquinolone resistance. Thus, the presence of extracellular DNA in the biofilm matrix contributes to cation gradients, genomic DNA release and inducible antibiotic resistance. DNA-rich environments, including biofilms and other infection sites like the CF lung, are likely the in vivo environments where extracellular pathogens such as P. aeruginosa encounter cation limitation.

[ "Extracellular", "DNA", "Chelates", "Cations", "and", "Induces", "Antibiotic", "Resistance", "in", "Pseudomonas", "aeruginosa", "Biofilms", "\n", "Biofilms", "are", "surface", "-", "adhered", "bacterial", "communities", "encased", "in", "an", "extracellular", "matrix", "composed", "of", "DNA", ",", "bacterial", "polysaccharides", "and", "proteins", ",", "which", "are", "up", "to", "1000-fold", "more", "antibiotic", "resistant", "than", "planktonic", "cultures", ".", "To", "date", ",", "extracellular", "DNA", "has", "been", "shown", "to", "function", "as", "a", "structural", "support", "to", "maintain", "Pseudomonas", "aeruginosa", "biofilm", "architecture", ".", "Here", "we", "show", "that", "DNA", "is", "a", "multifaceted", "component", "of", "P.", "aeruginosa", "biofilms", ".", "At", "physiologically", "relevant", "concentrations", ",", "extracellular", "DNA", "has", "antimicrobial", "activity", ",", "causing", "cell", "lysis", "by", "chelating", "cations", "that", "stabilize", "lipopolysaccharide", "(", "LPS", ")", "and", "the", "outer", "membrane", "(", "OM", ")", ".", "DNA", "-", "mediated", "killing", "occurred", "within", "minutes", ",", "as", "a", "result", "of", "perturbation", "of", "both", "the", "outer", "and", "inner", "membrane", "(", "IM", ")", "and", "the", "release", "of", "cytoplasmic", "contents", ",", "including", "genomic", "DNA", ".", "Sub", "-", "inhibitory", "concentrations", "of", "DNA", "created", "a", "cation", "-", "limited", "environment", "that", "resulted", "in", "induction", "of", "the", "PhoPQ-", "and", "PmrAB", "-", "regulated", "cationic", "antimicrobial", "peptide", "resistance", "operon", "PA3552-PA3559", "in", "P.", "aeruginosa", ".", "Furthermore", ",", "DNA", "-", "induced", "expression", "of", "this", "operon", "resulted", "in", "up", "to", "2560-fold", "increased", "resistance", "to", "cationic", "antimicrobial", "peptides", "and", "640-fold", "increased", "resistance", "to", "aminoglycosides", ",", "but", "had", "no", "effect", "on", "beta", "-", "lactam", "and", "fluoroquinolone", "resistance", ".", "Thus", ",", "the", "presence", "of", "extracellular", "DNA", "in", "the", "biofilm", "matrix", "contributes", "to", "cation", "gradients", ",", "genomic", "DNA", "release", "and", "inducible", "antibiotic", "resistance", ".", "DNA", "-", "rich", "environments", ",", "including", "biofilms", "and", "other", "infection", "sites", "like", "the", "CF", "lung", ",", "are", "likely", "the", "in", "vivo", "environments", "where", "extracellular", "pathogens", "such", "as", "P.", "aeruginosa", "encounter", "cation", "limitation", ".", "\n" ]

[ "Organism", "Chemical", "Regulon-operon", "Protein", "Two-component-system" ]

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. aeruginosa, lipopolysaccharide, LPS, PmrAB, PA3552-PA3559, P. aeruginosa, aminoglycosides, beta - lactam, fluoroquinolone, P. aeruginosa

106_task2

Sentence: Extracellular DNA Chelates Cations and Induces Antibiotic Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms Biofilms are surface-adhered bacterial communities encased in an extracellular matrix composed of DNA, bacterial polysaccharides and proteins, which are up to 1000-fold more antibiotic resistant than planktonic cultures. To date, extracellular DNA has been shown to function as a structural support to maintain Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm architecture. Here we show that DNA is a multifaceted component of P. aeruginosa biofilms. At physiologically relevant concentrations, extracellular DNA has antimicrobial activity, causing cell lysis by chelating cations that stabilize lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the outer membrane (OM). DNA-mediated killing occurred within minutes, as a result of perturbation of both the outer and inner membrane (IM) and the release of cytoplasmic contents, including genomic DNA. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of DNA created a cation-limited environment that resulted in induction of the PhoPQ- and PmrAB-regulated cationic antimicrobial peptide resistance operon PA3552-PA3559 in P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, DNA-induced expression of this operon resulted in up to 2560-fold increased resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides and 640-fold increased resistance to aminoglycosides, but had no effect on beta-lactam and fluoroquinolone resistance. Thus, the presence of extracellular DNA in the biofilm matrix contributes to cation gradients, genomic DNA release and inducible antibiotic resistance. DNA-rich environments, including biofilms and other infection sites like the CF lung, are likely the in vivo environments where extracellular pathogens such as P. aeruginosa encounter cation limitation. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Extracellular DNA Chelates Cations and Induces Antibiotic Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms Biofilms are surface-adhered bacterial communities encased in an extracellular matrix composed of DNA, bacterial polysaccharides and proteins, which are up to 1000-fold more antibiotic resistant than planktonic cultures. To date, extracellular DNA has been shown to function as a structural support to maintain Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm architecture. Here we show that DNA is a multifaceted component of P. aeruginosa biofilms. At physiologically relevant concentrations, extracellular DNA has antimicrobial activity, causing cell lysis by chelating cations that stabilize lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the outer membrane (OM). DNA-mediated killing occurred within minutes, as a result of perturbation of both the outer and inner membrane (IM) and the release of cytoplasmic contents, including genomic DNA. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of DNA created a cation-limited environment that resulted in induction of the PhoPQ- and PmrAB-regulated cationic antimicrobial peptide resistance operon PA3552-PA3559 in P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, DNA-induced expression of this operon resulted in up to 2560-fold increased resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides and 640-fold increased resistance to aminoglycosides, but had no effect on beta-lactam and fluoroquinolone resistance. Thus, the presence of extracellular DNA in the biofilm matrix contributes to cation gradients, genomic DNA release and inducible antibiotic resistance. DNA-rich environments, including biofilms and other infection sites like the CF lung, are likely the in vivo environments where extracellular pathogens such as P. aeruginosa encounter cation limitation.

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[ "Organism", "Chemical", "Regulon-operon", "Protein", "Two-component-system" ]

alpha1-adrenoceptors is a GENE-N

10381812_task0

Sentence: Expression of multiple alpha1-adrenoceptors on vascular smooth muscle: correlation with the regulation of contraction. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: GENE-N

[ "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Expression of multiple alpha1-adrenoceptors on vascular smooth muscle: correlation with the regulation of contraction.

[ "Expression", "of", "multiple", "alpha1-adrenoceptors", "on", "vascular", "smooth", "muscle", ":", "correlation", "with", "the", "regulation", "of", "contraction", "." ]

[ "GENE-N", "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL" ]

alpha1-adrenoceptors is a GENE-N

10381812_task1

Sentence: Expression of multiple alpha1-adrenoceptors on vascular smooth muscle: correlation with the regulation of contraction. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: alpha1-adrenoceptors Options: GENE-N

[ "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Expression of multiple alpha1-adrenoceptors on vascular smooth muscle: correlation with the regulation of contraction.

[ "Expression", "of", "multiple", "alpha1-adrenoceptors", "on", "vascular", "smooth", "muscle", ":", "correlation", "with", "the", "regulation", "of", "contraction", "." ]

[ "GENE-N", "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL" ]

alpha1-adrenoceptors

10381812_task2

Sentence: Expression of multiple alpha1-adrenoceptors on vascular smooth muscle: correlation with the regulation of contraction. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Expression of multiple alpha1-adrenoceptors on vascular smooth muscle: correlation with the regulation of contraction.

[ "Expression", "of", "multiple", "alpha1-adrenoceptors", "on", "vascular", "smooth", "muscle", ":", "correlation", "with", "the", "regulation", "of", "contraction", "." ]

[ "GENE-N", "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL" ]

metatarsal is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, feet is an umlsterm, procedure is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, feet is an umlsterm, review is an umlsterm, date is an umlsterm, operations is an umlsterm, questionnaires is an umlsterm, period is an umlsterm, the changes is an umlsterm, x - rays is an umlsterm, feet is an umlsterm, operations is an umlsterm, feet is an umlsterm, hypertrophy is an umlsterm, joints is an umlsterm, dislocation is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, operations is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, ability is an umlsterm, distances is an umlsterm, criteria is an umlsterm, operation is an umlsterm, pain is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, metatarsal is an umlsterm, head - resection is an umlsterm, method is an umlsterm, forefoot is an umlsterm, deformities is an umlsterm, rheumatoid arthritis is an umlsterm

ZfuerRheumatologie.00590101.eng.abstr_task0

Sentence: Between January 1983 and December 1987 , metatarsal head-resections were performed on 203 patients , comprising a total of 370 feet , using the Hueter/Mayo and Hoffmann procedure . Seventy-two patients , comprising a total of 126 feet , were available for post-operative review after an average of 11.4 years from the date of the original operations . The information obtained from standardized questionnaires was compared to the information found in each patient's file . In addition , every available pre- and post-operative x-ray taken from 1983 to 1987 was analyzed . Thus , with an average follow-up period of 5.6 years , the changes found in the pre- and post-operative x-rays from a total of 183 feet could be compared . Before the operations , nearly 100% of the examined feet suffered from painful synovial hypertrophy and erosion of the metatarsophalangeal joints with dislocation and subluxation , causing approximately 70% of all patients to have great difficulties in walking . After the operations , however , 90.2% of the patients reported that this condition had noticeably improved or had completely disappeared . In fact , 87.5% of all patients reported a lasting improvement in their ability to walk longer distances . As the main criteria in determining the success of an operation ( namely , the noticeable reduction of pain and increased mobility ) were achieved in 87.5% of the patients , we consider the metatarsal head-resection a reliable method of correcting forefoot deformities in rheumatoid arthritis . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

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Between January 1983 and December 1987 , metatarsal head-resections were performed on 203 patients , comprising a total of 370 feet , using the Hueter/Mayo and Hoffmann procedure . Seventy-two patients , comprising a total of 126 feet , were available for post-operative review after an average of 11.4 years from the date of the original operations . The information obtained from standardized questionnaires was compared to the information found in each patient's file . In addition , every available pre- and post-operative x-ray taken from 1983 to 1987 was analyzed . Thus , with an average follow-up period of 5.6 years , the changes found in the pre- and post-operative x-rays from a total of 183 feet could be compared . Before the operations , nearly 100% of the examined feet suffered from painful synovial hypertrophy and erosion of the metatarsophalangeal joints with dislocation and subluxation , causing approximately 70% of all patients to have great difficulties in walking . After the operations , however , 90.2% of the patients reported that this condition had noticeably improved or had completely disappeared . In fact , 87.5% of all patients reported a lasting improvement in their ability to walk longer distances . As the main criteria in determining the success of an operation ( namely , the noticeable reduction of pain and increased mobility ) were achieved in 87.5% of the patients , we consider the metatarsal head-resection a reliable method of correcting forefoot deformities in rheumatoid arthritis .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

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ZfuerRheumatologie.00590101.eng.abstr_task1

Sentence: Between January 1983 and December 1987 , metatarsal head-resections were performed on 203 patients , comprising a total of 370 feet , using the Hueter/Mayo and Hoffmann procedure . Seventy-two patients , comprising a total of 126 feet , were available for post-operative review after an average of 11.4 years from the date of the original operations . The information obtained from standardized questionnaires was compared to the information found in each patient's file . In addition , every available pre- and post-operative x-ray taken from 1983 to 1987 was analyzed . Thus , with an average follow-up period of 5.6 years , the changes found in the pre- and post-operative x-rays from a total of 183 feet could be compared . Before the operations , nearly 100% of the examined feet suffered from painful synovial hypertrophy and erosion of the metatarsophalangeal joints with dislocation and subluxation , causing approximately 70% of all patients to have great difficulties in walking . After the operations , however , 90.2% of the patients reported that this condition had noticeably improved or had completely disappeared . In fact , 87.5% of all patients reported a lasting improvement in their ability to walk longer distances . As the main criteria in determining the success of an operation ( namely , the noticeable reduction of pain and increased mobility ) were achieved in 87.5% of the patients , we consider the metatarsal head-resection a reliable method of correcting forefoot deformities in rheumatoid arthritis . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: metatarsal, patients, feet, procedure, patients, feet, review, date, operations, questionnaires, period, the changes, x - rays, feet, operations, feet, hypertrophy, joints, dislocation, patients, operations, patients, patients, ability, distances, criteria, operation, pain, patients, metatarsal, head - resection, method, forefoot, deformities, rheumatoid arthritis Options: umlsterm

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Between January 1983 and December 1987 , metatarsal head-resections were performed on 203 patients , comprising a total of 370 feet , using the Hueter/Mayo and Hoffmann procedure . Seventy-two patients , comprising a total of 126 feet , were available for post-operative review after an average of 11.4 years from the date of the original operations . The information obtained from standardized questionnaires was compared to the information found in each patient's file . In addition , every available pre- and post-operative x-ray taken from 1983 to 1987 was analyzed . Thus , with an average follow-up period of 5.6 years , the changes found in the pre- and post-operative x-rays from a total of 183 feet could be compared . Before the operations , nearly 100% of the examined feet suffered from painful synovial hypertrophy and erosion of the metatarsophalangeal joints with dislocation and subluxation , causing approximately 70% of all patients to have great difficulties in walking . After the operations , however , 90.2% of the patients reported that this condition had noticeably improved or had completely disappeared . In fact , 87.5% of all patients reported a lasting improvement in their ability to walk longer distances . As the main criteria in determining the success of an operation ( namely , the noticeable reduction of pain and increased mobility ) were achieved in 87.5% of the patients , we consider the metatarsal head-resection a reliable method of correcting forefoot deformities in rheumatoid arthritis .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

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ZfuerRheumatologie.00590101.eng.abstr_task2

Sentence: Between January 1983 and December 1987 , metatarsal head-resections were performed on 203 patients , comprising a total of 370 feet , using the Hueter/Mayo and Hoffmann procedure . Seventy-two patients , comprising a total of 126 feet , were available for post-operative review after an average of 11.4 years from the date of the original operations . The information obtained from standardized questionnaires was compared to the information found in each patient's file . In addition , every available pre- and post-operative x-ray taken from 1983 to 1987 was analyzed . Thus , with an average follow-up period of 5.6 years , the changes found in the pre- and post-operative x-rays from a total of 183 feet could be compared . Before the operations , nearly 100% of the examined feet suffered from painful synovial hypertrophy and erosion of the metatarsophalangeal joints with dislocation and subluxation , causing approximately 70% of all patients to have great difficulties in walking . After the operations , however , 90.2% of the patients reported that this condition had noticeably improved or had completely disappeared . In fact , 87.5% of all patients reported a lasting improvement in their ability to walk longer distances . As the main criteria in determining the success of an operation ( namely , the noticeable reduction of pain and increased mobility ) were achieved in 87.5% of the patients , we consider the metatarsal head-resection a reliable method of correcting forefoot deformities in rheumatoid arthritis . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Between January 1983 and December 1987 , metatarsal head-resections were performed on 203 patients , comprising a total of 370 feet , using the Hueter/Mayo and Hoffmann procedure . Seventy-two patients , comprising a total of 126 feet , were available for post-operative review after an average of 11.4 years from the date of the original operations . The information obtained from standardized questionnaires was compared to the information found in each patient's file . In addition , every available pre- and post-operative x-ray taken from 1983 to 1987 was analyzed . Thus , with an average follow-up period of 5.6 years , the changes found in the pre- and post-operative x-rays from a total of 183 feet could be compared . Before the operations , nearly 100% of the examined feet suffered from painful synovial hypertrophy and erosion of the metatarsophalangeal joints with dislocation and subluxation , causing approximately 70% of all patients to have great difficulties in walking . After the operations , however , 90.2% of the patients reported that this condition had noticeably improved or had completely disappeared . In fact , 87.5% of all patients reported a lasting improvement in their ability to walk longer distances . As the main criteria in determining the success of an operation ( namely , the noticeable reduction of pain and increased mobility ) were achieved in 87.5% of the patients , we consider the metatarsal head-resection a reliable method of correcting forefoot deformities in rheumatoid arthritis .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

integrins alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 is a GENE-N, ceramide is a CHEMICAL

15705795_task0

Sentence: Endothelial apoptosis induced by inhibition of integrins alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 involves ceramide metabolic pathways. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: GENE-N, CHEMICAL

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Endothelial apoptosis induced by inhibition of integrins alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 involves ceramide metabolic pathways.

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[ "GENE-N", "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL" ]

integrins alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 is a GENE-N, ceramide is a CHEMICAL

15705795_task1

Sentence: Endothelial apoptosis induced by inhibition of integrins alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 involves ceramide metabolic pathways. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: integrins alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5, ceramide Options: GENE-N, CHEMICAL

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Endothelial apoptosis induced by inhibition of integrins alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 involves ceramide metabolic pathways.

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integrins alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5, ceramide

15705795_task2

Sentence: Endothelial apoptosis induced by inhibition of integrins alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 involves ceramide metabolic pathways. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Endothelial apoptosis induced by inhibition of integrins alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 involves ceramide metabolic pathways.

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[ "GENE-N", "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL" ]

Verletzung is an umlsterm, alten Menschen is an umlsterm, Maenner is an umlsterm, Frauen is an umlsterm, alten Menschen is an umlsterm, Halswirbelsaeule is an umlsterm, Brust- is an umlsterm, Lendenwirbelsaeule is an umlsterm, Kompressionsfrakturen is an umlsterm, Halswirbelsaeulenverletzung is an umlsterm, alten Menschen is an umlsterm, Axis is an umlsterm, Wirbelsaeule is an umlsterm, Therapiemoeglichkeiten is an umlsterm, III - Verletzungen is an umlsterm, Behandlung is an umlsterm, Frakturen is an umlsterm, alten Menschen is an umlsterm, Risikofaktoren is an umlsterm, Pseudarthrose is an umlsterm, alten Menschen is an umlsterm, Kontraindikationen is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Krankengut is an umlsterm, weiblichen is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Maenner is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Fraktur is an umlsterm, Falschgelenks is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Frakturen is an umlsterm, Osteoporose is an umlsterm, Verletzungen is an umlsterm, Diagnostik is an umlsterm, Zusatzverletzungen is an umlsterm, Kompressionsfrakturen is an umlsterm, Wirbelsaeule is an umlsterm, Gesellschaft is an umlsterm, Frakturen is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Verletzungen is an umlsterm, Wirbelsaeule is an umlsterm, Krankengut is an umlsterm, alten Menschen is an umlsterm

DerOrthopaede.00290302.ger.abstr_task0

Sentence: Wirbelbrueche nach Bagatelltraumata sind eine haeufige Verletzung des alten Menschen . Bis etwa 55 Jahre sind Maenner haeufiger als Frauen von Wirbelbruechen betroffen , im hoeheren Alter trifft das Gegenteil zu . Dabei sind beim alten Menschen typischerweise die obere Halswirbelsaeule mit Densfrakturen und die Brust- und Lendenwirbelsaeule mit Kompressionsfrakturen betroffen . Densfrakturen sind mit Abstand die haeufigste Halswirbelsaeulenverletzung beim alten Menschen . Gruende dafuer sind die Mikroarchitektur des Axis und eine groessere Steifigkeit der Wirbelsaeule im Alter . Es handelt sich meist um instabile Typ II-Densfrakturen als Extensionsverletzung , deren Instabilitaetsgrad haeufig erst durch eine Funktionsuntersuchung unter Bildwandlerkontrolle bestimmt werden kann . Konservative Therapiemoeglichkeiten beschraenken sich auf stabile Typ III-Verletzungen . Die Behandlung instabiler Frakturen im Halo-Fixateur ist gerade beim alten Menschen mit zahlreichen Risikofaktoren fuer die Entstehung einer Pseudarthrose verbunden und daher u. E. nicht zu empfehlen . Das operative Verfahren der Wahl ist auch beim alten Menschen die ventrale Zugschraubenosteosynthese . Liegen Kontraindikationen vor , bei nicht ausreichendem Schraubenhalt von ventral oder fruehzeitigem Ausbrechen der Schrauben kommt nur eine dorsale Fusion C1/C2, am besten mit transartikulaerer Verschraubung , in Frage . 102 Patienten mit Densverschraubung aus dem eigenen Krankengut ( 1981-1997 ) waren durchschnittlich 54 Jahre alt , die weiblichen Patienten lagen mit einem durchschnittlichen Alter von 64 Jahren 16 Jahre ueber dem der Maenner . 74 Patienten konnten persoenlich nachuntersucht werden , bei 61 von ihnen war die Fraktur verheilt . 11-mal waren zweizeitig dorsale Fusionen notwendig geworden , 2 straffe Pseudarthrosen wurden belassen . Die Entstehung eines Falschgelenks korrelierte nicht mit dem Lebensalter . Bei 3 Patienten musste ein fruehzeitiger Verfahrenswechsel wenige Tage nach dem Ersteingriff wegen eines Ausbruch der Schrauben vorgenommen werden . 2 von ihnen waren 89 und 91 Jahre alt . Thorakolumbale Frakturen bei Osteoporose werden wegen geringer Symptomatik haeufig nicht erkannt . Die Abgrenzung frischer Verletzungen zu veralteten Laesionen und tumoroesen Veraenderungen ist manchmal nur mit einer erweiterten Diagnostik moeglich . Neurologische Zusatzverletzungen kommen nur gelegentlich vor . Entsprechend selten sind bei Kompressionsfrakturen ( Typ A ) Operationsindikationen zu stellen . In einer Sammelstudie der AG Wirbelsaeule der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuer Unfallchirurgie mit 682 operierten Frakturen des thorakolumbalen Uebergangs waren 9 % der Patienten ueber 60 Jahre und 2 % ueber 70 Jahre alt . Bei 285 Patienten mit Verletzungen der gesamten thorakolumbalen Wirbelsaeule aus dem eigenen Krankengut ( 9/1994-5/1999 ) waren lediglich 11 aelter als 65 Jahre . Instabile Typ B- und C-Laesionen beduerfen dagegen auch beim alten Menschen einer operativen Stabilisierung . Bisegmentale dorsale Instrumentierungen ohne Abstuetzung der gebrochenen vorderen Saeule fuehren in der Regel zu einem vollstaendigen Korrekturverlust und sollten zugunsten laengerstreckiger Stabilisierungen mit Wirbelkoerperersatz vermieden werden . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

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Wirbelbrueche nach Bagatelltraumata sind eine haeufige Verletzung des alten Menschen . Bis etwa 55 Jahre sind Maenner haeufiger als Frauen von Wirbelbruechen betroffen , im hoeheren Alter trifft das Gegenteil zu . Dabei sind beim alten Menschen typischerweise die obere Halswirbelsaeule mit Densfrakturen und die Brust- und Lendenwirbelsaeule mit Kompressionsfrakturen betroffen . Densfrakturen sind mit Abstand die haeufigste Halswirbelsaeulenverletzung beim alten Menschen . Gruende dafuer sind die Mikroarchitektur des Axis und eine groessere Steifigkeit der Wirbelsaeule im Alter . Es handelt sich meist um instabile Typ II-Densfrakturen als Extensionsverletzung , deren Instabilitaetsgrad haeufig erst durch eine Funktionsuntersuchung unter Bildwandlerkontrolle bestimmt werden kann . Konservative Therapiemoeglichkeiten beschraenken sich auf stabile Typ III-Verletzungen . Die Behandlung instabiler Frakturen im Halo-Fixateur ist gerade beim alten Menschen mit zahlreichen Risikofaktoren fuer die Entstehung einer Pseudarthrose verbunden und daher u. E. nicht zu empfehlen . Das operative Verfahren der Wahl ist auch beim alten Menschen die ventrale Zugschraubenosteosynthese . Liegen Kontraindikationen vor , bei nicht ausreichendem Schraubenhalt von ventral oder fruehzeitigem Ausbrechen der Schrauben kommt nur eine dorsale Fusion C1/C2, am besten mit transartikulaerer Verschraubung , in Frage . 102 Patienten mit Densverschraubung aus dem eigenen Krankengut ( 1981-1997 ) waren durchschnittlich 54 Jahre alt , die weiblichen Patienten lagen mit einem durchschnittlichen Alter von 64 Jahren 16 Jahre ueber dem der Maenner . 74 Patienten konnten persoenlich nachuntersucht werden , bei 61 von ihnen war die Fraktur verheilt . 11-mal waren zweizeitig dorsale Fusionen notwendig geworden , 2 straffe Pseudarthrosen wurden belassen . Die Entstehung eines Falschgelenks korrelierte nicht mit dem Lebensalter . Bei 3 Patienten musste ein fruehzeitiger Verfahrenswechsel wenige Tage nach dem Ersteingriff wegen eines Ausbruch der Schrauben vorgenommen werden . 2 von ihnen waren 89 und 91 Jahre alt . Thorakolumbale Frakturen bei Osteoporose werden wegen geringer Symptomatik haeufig nicht erkannt . Die Abgrenzung frischer Verletzungen zu veralteten Laesionen und tumoroesen Veraenderungen ist manchmal nur mit einer erweiterten Diagnostik moeglich . Neurologische Zusatzverletzungen kommen nur gelegentlich vor . Entsprechend selten sind bei Kompressionsfrakturen ( Typ A ) Operationsindikationen zu stellen . In einer Sammelstudie der AG Wirbelsaeule der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuer Unfallchirurgie mit 682 operierten Frakturen des thorakolumbalen Uebergangs waren 9 % der Patienten ueber 60 Jahre und 2 % ueber 70 Jahre alt . Bei 285 Patienten mit Verletzungen der gesamten thorakolumbalen Wirbelsaeule aus dem eigenen Krankengut ( 9/1994-5/1999 ) waren lediglich 11 aelter als 65 Jahre . Instabile Typ B- und C-Laesionen beduerfen dagegen auch beim alten Menschen einer operativen Stabilisierung . Bisegmentale dorsale Instrumentierungen ohne Abstuetzung der gebrochenen vorderen Saeule fuehren in der Regel zu einem vollstaendigen Korrekturverlust und sollten zugunsten laengerstreckiger Stabilisierungen mit Wirbelkoerperersatz vermieden werden .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Verletzung is an umlsterm, alten Menschen is an umlsterm, Maenner is an umlsterm, Frauen is an umlsterm, alten Menschen is an umlsterm, Halswirbelsaeule is an umlsterm, Brust- is an umlsterm, Lendenwirbelsaeule is an umlsterm, Kompressionsfrakturen is an umlsterm, Halswirbelsaeulenverletzung is an umlsterm, alten Menschen is an umlsterm, Axis is an umlsterm, Wirbelsaeule is an umlsterm, Therapiemoeglichkeiten is an umlsterm, III - Verletzungen is an umlsterm, Behandlung is an umlsterm, Frakturen is an umlsterm, alten Menschen is an umlsterm, Risikofaktoren is an umlsterm, Pseudarthrose is an umlsterm, alten Menschen is an umlsterm, Kontraindikationen is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Krankengut is an umlsterm, weiblichen is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Maenner is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Fraktur is an umlsterm, Falschgelenks is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Frakturen is an umlsterm, Osteoporose is an umlsterm, Verletzungen is an umlsterm, Diagnostik is an umlsterm, Zusatzverletzungen is an umlsterm, Kompressionsfrakturen is an umlsterm, Wirbelsaeule is an umlsterm, Gesellschaft is an umlsterm, Frakturen is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Verletzungen is an umlsterm, Wirbelsaeule is an umlsterm, Krankengut is an umlsterm, alten Menschen is an umlsterm

DerOrthopaede.00290302.ger.abstr_task1

Sentence: Wirbelbrueche nach Bagatelltraumata sind eine haeufige Verletzung des alten Menschen . Bis etwa 55 Jahre sind Maenner haeufiger als Frauen von Wirbelbruechen betroffen , im hoeheren Alter trifft das Gegenteil zu . Dabei sind beim alten Menschen typischerweise die obere Halswirbelsaeule mit Densfrakturen und die Brust- und Lendenwirbelsaeule mit Kompressionsfrakturen betroffen . Densfrakturen sind mit Abstand die haeufigste Halswirbelsaeulenverletzung beim alten Menschen . Gruende dafuer sind die Mikroarchitektur des Axis und eine groessere Steifigkeit der Wirbelsaeule im Alter . Es handelt sich meist um instabile Typ II-Densfrakturen als Extensionsverletzung , deren Instabilitaetsgrad haeufig erst durch eine Funktionsuntersuchung unter Bildwandlerkontrolle bestimmt werden kann . Konservative Therapiemoeglichkeiten beschraenken sich auf stabile Typ III-Verletzungen . Die Behandlung instabiler Frakturen im Halo-Fixateur ist gerade beim alten Menschen mit zahlreichen Risikofaktoren fuer die Entstehung einer Pseudarthrose verbunden und daher u. E. nicht zu empfehlen . Das operative Verfahren der Wahl ist auch beim alten Menschen die ventrale Zugschraubenosteosynthese . Liegen Kontraindikationen vor , bei nicht ausreichendem Schraubenhalt von ventral oder fruehzeitigem Ausbrechen der Schrauben kommt nur eine dorsale Fusion C1/C2, am besten mit transartikulaerer Verschraubung , in Frage . 102 Patienten mit Densverschraubung aus dem eigenen Krankengut ( 1981-1997 ) waren durchschnittlich 54 Jahre alt , die weiblichen Patienten lagen mit einem durchschnittlichen Alter von 64 Jahren 16 Jahre ueber dem der Maenner . 74 Patienten konnten persoenlich nachuntersucht werden , bei 61 von ihnen war die Fraktur verheilt . 11-mal waren zweizeitig dorsale Fusionen notwendig geworden , 2 straffe Pseudarthrosen wurden belassen . Die Entstehung eines Falschgelenks korrelierte nicht mit dem Lebensalter . Bei 3 Patienten musste ein fruehzeitiger Verfahrenswechsel wenige Tage nach dem Ersteingriff wegen eines Ausbruch der Schrauben vorgenommen werden . 2 von ihnen waren 89 und 91 Jahre alt . Thorakolumbale Frakturen bei Osteoporose werden wegen geringer Symptomatik haeufig nicht erkannt . Die Abgrenzung frischer Verletzungen zu veralteten Laesionen und tumoroesen Veraenderungen ist manchmal nur mit einer erweiterten Diagnostik moeglich . Neurologische Zusatzverletzungen kommen nur gelegentlich vor . Entsprechend selten sind bei Kompressionsfrakturen ( Typ A ) Operationsindikationen zu stellen . In einer Sammelstudie der AG Wirbelsaeule der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuer Unfallchirurgie mit 682 operierten Frakturen des thorakolumbalen Uebergangs waren 9 % der Patienten ueber 60 Jahre und 2 % ueber 70 Jahre alt . Bei 285 Patienten mit Verletzungen der gesamten thorakolumbalen Wirbelsaeule aus dem eigenen Krankengut ( 9/1994-5/1999 ) waren lediglich 11 aelter als 65 Jahre . Instabile Typ B- und C-Laesionen beduerfen dagegen auch beim alten Menschen einer operativen Stabilisierung . Bisegmentale dorsale Instrumentierungen ohne Abstuetzung der gebrochenen vorderen Saeule fuehren in der Regel zu einem vollstaendigen Korrekturverlust und sollten zugunsten laengerstreckiger Stabilisierungen mit Wirbelkoerperersatz vermieden werden . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Verletzung, alten Menschen, Maenner, Frauen, alten Menschen, Halswirbelsaeule, Brust-, Lendenwirbelsaeule, Kompressionsfrakturen, Halswirbelsaeulenverletzung, alten Menschen, Axis, Wirbelsaeule, Therapiemoeglichkeiten, III - Verletzungen, Behandlung, Frakturen, alten Menschen, Risikofaktoren, Pseudarthrose, alten Menschen, Kontraindikationen, Patienten, Krankengut, weiblichen, Patienten, Maenner, Patienten, Fraktur, Falschgelenks, Patienten, Frakturen, Osteoporose, Verletzungen, Diagnostik, Zusatzverletzungen, Kompressionsfrakturen, Wirbelsaeule, Gesellschaft, Frakturen, Patienten, Patienten, Verletzungen, Wirbelsaeule, Krankengut, alten Menschen Options: umlsterm

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Wirbelbrueche nach Bagatelltraumata sind eine haeufige Verletzung des alten Menschen . Bis etwa 55 Jahre sind Maenner haeufiger als Frauen von Wirbelbruechen betroffen , im hoeheren Alter trifft das Gegenteil zu . Dabei sind beim alten Menschen typischerweise die obere Halswirbelsaeule mit Densfrakturen und die Brust- und Lendenwirbelsaeule mit Kompressionsfrakturen betroffen . Densfrakturen sind mit Abstand die haeufigste Halswirbelsaeulenverletzung beim alten Menschen . Gruende dafuer sind die Mikroarchitektur des Axis und eine groessere Steifigkeit der Wirbelsaeule im Alter . Es handelt sich meist um instabile Typ II-Densfrakturen als Extensionsverletzung , deren Instabilitaetsgrad haeufig erst durch eine Funktionsuntersuchung unter Bildwandlerkontrolle bestimmt werden kann . Konservative Therapiemoeglichkeiten beschraenken sich auf stabile Typ III-Verletzungen . Die Behandlung instabiler Frakturen im Halo-Fixateur ist gerade beim alten Menschen mit zahlreichen Risikofaktoren fuer die Entstehung einer Pseudarthrose verbunden und daher u. E. nicht zu empfehlen . Das operative Verfahren der Wahl ist auch beim alten Menschen die ventrale Zugschraubenosteosynthese . Liegen Kontraindikationen vor , bei nicht ausreichendem Schraubenhalt von ventral oder fruehzeitigem Ausbrechen der Schrauben kommt nur eine dorsale Fusion C1/C2, am besten mit transartikulaerer Verschraubung , in Frage . 102 Patienten mit Densverschraubung aus dem eigenen Krankengut ( 1981-1997 ) waren durchschnittlich 54 Jahre alt , die weiblichen Patienten lagen mit einem durchschnittlichen Alter von 64 Jahren 16 Jahre ueber dem der Maenner . 74 Patienten konnten persoenlich nachuntersucht werden , bei 61 von ihnen war die Fraktur verheilt . 11-mal waren zweizeitig dorsale Fusionen notwendig geworden , 2 straffe Pseudarthrosen wurden belassen . Die Entstehung eines Falschgelenks korrelierte nicht mit dem Lebensalter . Bei 3 Patienten musste ein fruehzeitiger Verfahrenswechsel wenige Tage nach dem Ersteingriff wegen eines Ausbruch der Schrauben vorgenommen werden . 2 von ihnen waren 89 und 91 Jahre alt . Thorakolumbale Frakturen bei Osteoporose werden wegen geringer Symptomatik haeufig nicht erkannt . Die Abgrenzung frischer Verletzungen zu veralteten Laesionen und tumoroesen Veraenderungen ist manchmal nur mit einer erweiterten Diagnostik moeglich . Neurologische Zusatzverletzungen kommen nur gelegentlich vor . Entsprechend selten sind bei Kompressionsfrakturen ( Typ A ) Operationsindikationen zu stellen . In einer Sammelstudie der AG Wirbelsaeule der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuer Unfallchirurgie mit 682 operierten Frakturen des thorakolumbalen Uebergangs waren 9 % der Patienten ueber 60 Jahre und 2 % ueber 70 Jahre alt . Bei 285 Patienten mit Verletzungen der gesamten thorakolumbalen Wirbelsaeule aus dem eigenen Krankengut ( 9/1994-5/1999 ) waren lediglich 11 aelter als 65 Jahre . Instabile Typ B- und C-Laesionen beduerfen dagegen auch beim alten Menschen einer operativen Stabilisierung . Bisegmentale dorsale Instrumentierungen ohne Abstuetzung der gebrochenen vorderen Saeule fuehren in der Regel zu einem vollstaendigen Korrekturverlust und sollten zugunsten laengerstreckiger Stabilisierungen mit Wirbelkoerperersatz vermieden werden .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Verletzung, alten Menschen, Maenner, Frauen, alten Menschen, Halswirbelsaeule, Brust-, Lendenwirbelsaeule, Kompressionsfrakturen, Halswirbelsaeulenverletzung, alten Menschen, Axis, Wirbelsaeule, Therapiemoeglichkeiten, III - Verletzungen, Behandlung, Frakturen, alten Menschen, Risikofaktoren, Pseudarthrose, alten Menschen, Kontraindikationen, Patienten, Krankengut, weiblichen, Patienten, Maenner, Patienten, Fraktur, Falschgelenks, Patienten, Frakturen, Osteoporose, Verletzungen, Diagnostik, Zusatzverletzungen, Kompressionsfrakturen, Wirbelsaeule, Gesellschaft, Frakturen, Patienten, Patienten, Verletzungen, Wirbelsaeule, Krankengut, alten Menschen

DerOrthopaede.00290302.ger.abstr_task2

Sentence: Wirbelbrueche nach Bagatelltraumata sind eine haeufige Verletzung des alten Menschen . Bis etwa 55 Jahre sind Maenner haeufiger als Frauen von Wirbelbruechen betroffen , im hoeheren Alter trifft das Gegenteil zu . Dabei sind beim alten Menschen typischerweise die obere Halswirbelsaeule mit Densfrakturen und die Brust- und Lendenwirbelsaeule mit Kompressionsfrakturen betroffen . Densfrakturen sind mit Abstand die haeufigste Halswirbelsaeulenverletzung beim alten Menschen . Gruende dafuer sind die Mikroarchitektur des Axis und eine groessere Steifigkeit der Wirbelsaeule im Alter . Es handelt sich meist um instabile Typ II-Densfrakturen als Extensionsverletzung , deren Instabilitaetsgrad haeufig erst durch eine Funktionsuntersuchung unter Bildwandlerkontrolle bestimmt werden kann . Konservative Therapiemoeglichkeiten beschraenken sich auf stabile Typ III-Verletzungen . Die Behandlung instabiler Frakturen im Halo-Fixateur ist gerade beim alten Menschen mit zahlreichen Risikofaktoren fuer die Entstehung einer Pseudarthrose verbunden und daher u. E. nicht zu empfehlen . Das operative Verfahren der Wahl ist auch beim alten Menschen die ventrale Zugschraubenosteosynthese . Liegen Kontraindikationen vor , bei nicht ausreichendem Schraubenhalt von ventral oder fruehzeitigem Ausbrechen der Schrauben kommt nur eine dorsale Fusion C1/C2, am besten mit transartikulaerer Verschraubung , in Frage . 102 Patienten mit Densverschraubung aus dem eigenen Krankengut ( 1981-1997 ) waren durchschnittlich 54 Jahre alt , die weiblichen Patienten lagen mit einem durchschnittlichen Alter von 64 Jahren 16 Jahre ueber dem der Maenner . 74 Patienten konnten persoenlich nachuntersucht werden , bei 61 von ihnen war die Fraktur verheilt . 11-mal waren zweizeitig dorsale Fusionen notwendig geworden , 2 straffe Pseudarthrosen wurden belassen . Die Entstehung eines Falschgelenks korrelierte nicht mit dem Lebensalter . Bei 3 Patienten musste ein fruehzeitiger Verfahrenswechsel wenige Tage nach dem Ersteingriff wegen eines Ausbruch der Schrauben vorgenommen werden . 2 von ihnen waren 89 und 91 Jahre alt . Thorakolumbale Frakturen bei Osteoporose werden wegen geringer Symptomatik haeufig nicht erkannt . Die Abgrenzung frischer Verletzungen zu veralteten Laesionen und tumoroesen Veraenderungen ist manchmal nur mit einer erweiterten Diagnostik moeglich . Neurologische Zusatzverletzungen kommen nur gelegentlich vor . Entsprechend selten sind bei Kompressionsfrakturen ( Typ A ) Operationsindikationen zu stellen . In einer Sammelstudie der AG Wirbelsaeule der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuer Unfallchirurgie mit 682 operierten Frakturen des thorakolumbalen Uebergangs waren 9 % der Patienten ueber 60 Jahre und 2 % ueber 70 Jahre alt . Bei 285 Patienten mit Verletzungen der gesamten thorakolumbalen Wirbelsaeule aus dem eigenen Krankengut ( 9/1994-5/1999 ) waren lediglich 11 aelter als 65 Jahre . Instabile Typ B- und C-Laesionen beduerfen dagegen auch beim alten Menschen einer operativen Stabilisierung . Bisegmentale dorsale Instrumentierungen ohne Abstuetzung der gebrochenen vorderen Saeule fuehren in der Regel zu einem vollstaendigen Korrekturverlust und sollten zugunsten laengerstreckiger Stabilisierungen mit Wirbelkoerperersatz vermieden werden . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Wirbelbrueche nach Bagatelltraumata sind eine haeufige Verletzung des alten Menschen . Bis etwa 55 Jahre sind Maenner haeufiger als Frauen von Wirbelbruechen betroffen , im hoeheren Alter trifft das Gegenteil zu . Dabei sind beim alten Menschen typischerweise die obere Halswirbelsaeule mit Densfrakturen und die Brust- und Lendenwirbelsaeule mit Kompressionsfrakturen betroffen . Densfrakturen sind mit Abstand die haeufigste Halswirbelsaeulenverletzung beim alten Menschen . Gruende dafuer sind die Mikroarchitektur des Axis und eine groessere Steifigkeit der Wirbelsaeule im Alter . Es handelt sich meist um instabile Typ II-Densfrakturen als Extensionsverletzung , deren Instabilitaetsgrad haeufig erst durch eine Funktionsuntersuchung unter Bildwandlerkontrolle bestimmt werden kann . Konservative Therapiemoeglichkeiten beschraenken sich auf stabile Typ III-Verletzungen . Die Behandlung instabiler Frakturen im Halo-Fixateur ist gerade beim alten Menschen mit zahlreichen Risikofaktoren fuer die Entstehung einer Pseudarthrose verbunden und daher u. E. nicht zu empfehlen . Das operative Verfahren der Wahl ist auch beim alten Menschen die ventrale Zugschraubenosteosynthese . Liegen Kontraindikationen vor , bei nicht ausreichendem Schraubenhalt von ventral oder fruehzeitigem Ausbrechen der Schrauben kommt nur eine dorsale Fusion C1/C2, am besten mit transartikulaerer Verschraubung , in Frage . 102 Patienten mit Densverschraubung aus dem eigenen Krankengut ( 1981-1997 ) waren durchschnittlich 54 Jahre alt , die weiblichen Patienten lagen mit einem durchschnittlichen Alter von 64 Jahren 16 Jahre ueber dem der Maenner . 74 Patienten konnten persoenlich nachuntersucht werden , bei 61 von ihnen war die Fraktur verheilt . 11-mal waren zweizeitig dorsale Fusionen notwendig geworden , 2 straffe Pseudarthrosen wurden belassen . Die Entstehung eines Falschgelenks korrelierte nicht mit dem Lebensalter . Bei 3 Patienten musste ein fruehzeitiger Verfahrenswechsel wenige Tage nach dem Ersteingriff wegen eines Ausbruch der Schrauben vorgenommen werden . 2 von ihnen waren 89 und 91 Jahre alt . Thorakolumbale Frakturen bei Osteoporose werden wegen geringer Symptomatik haeufig nicht erkannt . Die Abgrenzung frischer Verletzungen zu veralteten Laesionen und tumoroesen Veraenderungen ist manchmal nur mit einer erweiterten Diagnostik moeglich . Neurologische Zusatzverletzungen kommen nur gelegentlich vor . Entsprechend selten sind bei Kompressionsfrakturen ( Typ A ) Operationsindikationen zu stellen . In einer Sammelstudie der AG Wirbelsaeule der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuer Unfallchirurgie mit 682 operierten Frakturen des thorakolumbalen Uebergangs waren 9 % der Patienten ueber 60 Jahre und 2 % ueber 70 Jahre alt . Bei 285 Patienten mit Verletzungen der gesamten thorakolumbalen Wirbelsaeule aus dem eigenen Krankengut ( 9/1994-5/1999 ) waren lediglich 11 aelter als 65 Jahre . Instabile Typ B- und C-Laesionen beduerfen dagegen auch beim alten Menschen einer operativen Stabilisierung . Bisegmentale dorsale Instrumentierungen ohne Abstuetzung der gebrochenen vorderen Saeule fuehren in der Regel zu einem vollstaendigen Korrekturverlust und sollten zugunsten laengerstreckiger Stabilisierungen mit Wirbelkoerperersatz vermieden werden .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Nigella Sativa is a Plant, NS is a Plant, ischemia reperfusion injury is a Disease, ischemia reperfusion injury is a Disease, NS is a Plant, intestinal ischemia - reperfusion injury is a Disease, NS is a Plant, ischemia is a Disease, NS is a Plant, ischemia is a Disease, NS is a Plant, NS is a Plant, intestinal ischemia - reperfusion injury is a Disease

20233001_task0

Sentence: BACKGROUND: In previous studies, it has been demonstrated that Nigella Sativa (NS) has protective effects against ischemia reperfusion injury on various organs. However, its protective effects on intestinal tissue against ischemia reperfusion injury are unclear. We aimed to determine whether NS prevents intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty rats were divided into three groups as sham (group 1), control (group 2), and NS-treatment group (group 3). All rats underwent intestinal ischemia for 60 min followed by a 60-min period of reperfusion. Rats were intraperitoneally infused only 0.9% saline solutions in group 2. Rats in the group 3 received NS (0,2 mL/kg) intraperitoneally, before ischemia and before reperfusion. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), total oxidative status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in ileum tissue were measured. Also, ileum tissue histopathology was evaluated by a light microscope. RESULTS: The levels of liver enzymes in group 3 were significantly lower than those in group 2 (p <.01). TAC and CAT activity levels in ileum tissue were significantly higher in group 3 than in group 2. TOS, OSI, and MPO in ileum tissue were significantly lower in group 3 than group 2 (p <.05 for TOS and MPO; p < .01 for OSI). Histological tissue damage was milder in the NS treatment group than in the control group. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that NS treatment protected the rat's intestinal tissue against intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Disease, Plant

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BACKGROUND: In previous studies, it has been demonstrated that Nigella Sativa (NS) has protective effects against ischemia reperfusion injury on various organs. However, its protective effects on intestinal tissue against ischemia reperfusion injury are unclear. We aimed to determine whether NS prevents intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty rats were divided into three groups as sham (group 1), control (group 2), and NS-treatment group (group 3). All rats underwent intestinal ischemia for 60 min followed by a 60-min period of reperfusion. Rats were intraperitoneally infused only 0.9% saline solutions in group 2. Rats in the group 3 received NS (0,2 mL/kg) intraperitoneally, before ischemia and before reperfusion. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), total oxidative status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in ileum tissue were measured. Also, ileum tissue histopathology was evaluated by a light microscope. RESULTS: The levels of liver enzymes in group 3 were significantly lower than those in group 2 (p <.01). TAC and CAT activity levels in ileum tissue were significantly higher in group 3 than in group 2. TOS, OSI, and MPO in ileum tissue were significantly lower in group 3 than group 2 (p <.05 for TOS and MPO; p < .01 for OSI). Histological tissue damage was milder in the NS treatment group than in the control group. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that NS treatment protected the rat's intestinal tissue against intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

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[ "Disease", "Plant" ]

Nigella Sativa is a Plant, NS is a Plant, ischemia reperfusion injury is a Disease, ischemia reperfusion injury is a Disease, NS is a Plant, intestinal ischemia - reperfusion injury is a Disease, NS is a Plant, ischemia is a Disease, NS is a Plant, ischemia is a Disease, NS is a Plant, NS is a Plant, intestinal ischemia - reperfusion injury is a Disease

20233001_task1

Sentence: BACKGROUND: In previous studies, it has been demonstrated that Nigella Sativa (NS) has protective effects against ischemia reperfusion injury on various organs. However, its protective effects on intestinal tissue against ischemia reperfusion injury are unclear. We aimed to determine whether NS prevents intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty rats were divided into three groups as sham (group 1), control (group 2), and NS-treatment group (group 3). All rats underwent intestinal ischemia for 60 min followed by a 60-min period of reperfusion. Rats were intraperitoneally infused only 0.9% saline solutions in group 2. Rats in the group 3 received NS (0,2 mL/kg) intraperitoneally, before ischemia and before reperfusion. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), total oxidative status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in ileum tissue were measured. Also, ileum tissue histopathology was evaluated by a light microscope. RESULTS: The levels of liver enzymes in group 3 were significantly lower than those in group 2 (p <.01). TAC and CAT activity levels in ileum tissue were significantly higher in group 3 than in group 2. TOS, OSI, and MPO in ileum tissue were significantly lower in group 3 than group 2 (p <.05 for TOS and MPO; p < .01 for OSI). Histological tissue damage was milder in the NS treatment group than in the control group. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that NS treatment protected the rat's intestinal tissue against intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Nigella Sativa, NS, ischemia reperfusion injury, ischemia reperfusion injury, NS, intestinal ischemia - reperfusion injury, NS, ischemia, NS, ischemia, NS, NS, intestinal ischemia - reperfusion injury Options: Disease, Plant

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BACKGROUND: In previous studies, it has been demonstrated that Nigella Sativa (NS) has protective effects against ischemia reperfusion injury on various organs. However, its protective effects on intestinal tissue against ischemia reperfusion injury are unclear. We aimed to determine whether NS prevents intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty rats were divided into three groups as sham (group 1), control (group 2), and NS-treatment group (group 3). All rats underwent intestinal ischemia for 60 min followed by a 60-min period of reperfusion. Rats were intraperitoneally infused only 0.9% saline solutions in group 2. Rats in the group 3 received NS (0,2 mL/kg) intraperitoneally, before ischemia and before reperfusion. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), total oxidative status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in ileum tissue were measured. Also, ileum tissue histopathology was evaluated by a light microscope. RESULTS: The levels of liver enzymes in group 3 were significantly lower than those in group 2 (p <.01). TAC and CAT activity levels in ileum tissue were significantly higher in group 3 than in group 2. TOS, OSI, and MPO in ileum tissue were significantly lower in group 3 than group 2 (p <.05 for TOS and MPO; p < .01 for OSI). Histological tissue damage was milder in the NS treatment group than in the control group. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that NS treatment protected the rat's intestinal tissue against intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

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[ "Disease", "Plant" ]

Nigella Sativa, NS, ischemia reperfusion injury, ischemia reperfusion injury, NS, intestinal ischemia - reperfusion injury, NS, ischemia, NS, ischemia, NS, NS, intestinal ischemia - reperfusion injury

20233001_task2

Sentence: BACKGROUND: In previous studies, it has been demonstrated that Nigella Sativa (NS) has protective effects against ischemia reperfusion injury on various organs. However, its protective effects on intestinal tissue against ischemia reperfusion injury are unclear. We aimed to determine whether NS prevents intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty rats were divided into three groups as sham (group 1), control (group 2), and NS-treatment group (group 3). All rats underwent intestinal ischemia for 60 min followed by a 60-min period of reperfusion. Rats were intraperitoneally infused only 0.9% saline solutions in group 2. Rats in the group 3 received NS (0,2 mL/kg) intraperitoneally, before ischemia and before reperfusion. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), total oxidative status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in ileum tissue were measured. Also, ileum tissue histopathology was evaluated by a light microscope. RESULTS: The levels of liver enzymes in group 3 were significantly lower than those in group 2 (p <.01). TAC and CAT activity levels in ileum tissue were significantly higher in group 3 than in group 2. TOS, OSI, and MPO in ileum tissue were significantly lower in group 3 than group 2 (p <.05 for TOS and MPO; p < .01 for OSI). Histological tissue damage was milder in the NS treatment group than in the control group. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that NS treatment protected the rat's intestinal tissue against intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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BACKGROUND: In previous studies, it has been demonstrated that Nigella Sativa (NS) has protective effects against ischemia reperfusion injury on various organs. However, its protective effects on intestinal tissue against ischemia reperfusion injury are unclear. We aimed to determine whether NS prevents intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty rats were divided into three groups as sham (group 1), control (group 2), and NS-treatment group (group 3). All rats underwent intestinal ischemia for 60 min followed by a 60-min period of reperfusion. Rats were intraperitoneally infused only 0.9% saline solutions in group 2. Rats in the group 3 received NS (0,2 mL/kg) intraperitoneally, before ischemia and before reperfusion. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), total oxidative status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in ileum tissue were measured. Also, ileum tissue histopathology was evaluated by a light microscope. RESULTS: The levels of liver enzymes in group 3 were significantly lower than those in group 2 (p <.01). TAC and CAT activity levels in ileum tissue were significantly higher in group 3 than in group 2. TOS, OSI, and MPO in ileum tissue were significantly lower in group 3 than group 2 (p <.05 for TOS and MPO; p < .01 for OSI). Histological tissue damage was milder in the NS treatment group than in the control group. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that NS treatment protected the rat's intestinal tissue against intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

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[ "Disease", "Plant" ]

acarbose is a Intervention_Pharmacological, insulin therapy is a Intervention_Pharmacological, type 2 diabetic is a Participant_Condition, late failure is a Participant_Condition, sulphonylurea therapy is a Participant_Condition, insulin requirements is a Outcome_Physical, glycaemic control is a Outcome_Physical, type 2 diabetes is a Participant_Condition, exogenous insulin is a Participant_Condition, placebo - controlled is a Intervention_Control, 48 is a Participant_Sample-size, late - term failure is a Participant_Condition, glycaemic response rate is a Outcome_Physical, daily insulin dose is a Outcome_Physical, postprandial changes in blood glucose , serum insulin and C - peptide is a Outcome_Physical, mean daily insulin dose is a Outcome_Physical, Postprandial increases in blood glucose is a Outcome_Physical, mean increase in 2-h postprandial serum insulin is a Outcome_Physical, sulphonylurea / insulin is a Intervention_Pharmacological, Acarbose is a Intervention_Pharmacological, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia . is a Outcome_Physical

5642_task0

Sentence: Effect of acarbose on additional insulin therapy in type 2 diabetic patients with late failure of sulphonylurea therapy . AIM The present study investigated the effect of acarbose on insulin requirements and glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving exogenous insulin due to secondary failure of maximum dose sulphonylurea therapy . METHODS A single-centre , double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled study was performed in 48 type 2 diabetic patients with late-term failure following at least 3 years of sulphonylurea therapy requiring additional insulin therapy to determine the impact of acarbose on glycaemic control and insulin requirements . The primary end points were glycaemic response rate ( responders being predefined as patients who achieve a decrease in HbA1c to less than 8 % or a reduction by at least 15 % as compared to the baseline values ) and the daily insulin dose at 6 months . Secondary parameters assessed included postprandial changes in blood glucose , serum insulin and C-peptide during the treatment period . RESULTS There were significantly more responders in the acarbose-treated group compared with the placebo group ( 20/24 patients vs. 10/19 patients ; p < 0.05 ) . The mean daily insulin dose after 24 weeks of treatment was 16.4 +/- 10.1 IU in the acarbose group and 22.4 +/- 12.2 IU in the placebo group ( mean +/- s.d . ; p < 0.07 ) . Postprandial increases in blood glucose , insulin and C-peptide were consistently lower in the acarbose-treated group than in the placebo group . For example , the mean increase in 2-h postprandial serum insulin remained almost unchanged in the acarbose group at the end of 24 weeks of treatment compared to an increase to 43 +/- 29 microU/ml ( mean +/- s.d . ) at the end of the study period for the placebo group . CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that the addition of acarbose to sulphonylurea/insulin combination therapy can improve glycaemic control in type 2 diabetic patients . Acarbose may also reduce insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Intervention_Control, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size

[ "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical" ]

Effect of acarbose on additional insulin therapy in type 2 diabetic patients with late failure of sulphonylurea therapy . AIM The present study investigated the effect of acarbose on insulin requirements and glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving exogenous insulin due to secondary failure of maximum dose sulphonylurea therapy . METHODS A single-centre , double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled study was performed in 48 type 2 diabetic patients with late-term failure following at least 3 years of sulphonylurea therapy requiring additional insulin therapy to determine the impact of acarbose on glycaemic control and insulin requirements . The primary end points were glycaemic response rate ( responders being predefined as patients who achieve a decrease in HbA1c to less than 8 % or a reduction by at least 15 % as compared to the baseline values ) and the daily insulin dose at 6 months . Secondary parameters assessed included postprandial changes in blood glucose , serum insulin and C-peptide during the treatment period . RESULTS There were significantly more responders in the acarbose-treated group compared with the placebo group ( 20/24 patients vs. 10/19 patients ; p < 0.05 ) . The mean daily insulin dose after 24 weeks of treatment was 16.4 +/- 10.1 IU in the acarbose group and 22.4 +/- 12.2 IU in the placebo group ( mean +/- s.d . ; p < 0.07 ) . Postprandial increases in blood glucose , insulin and C-peptide were consistently lower in the acarbose-treated group than in the placebo group . For example , the mean increase in 2-h postprandial serum insulin remained almost unchanged in the acarbose group at the end of 24 weeks of treatment compared to an increase to 43 +/- 29 microU/ml ( mean +/- s.d . ) at the end of the study period for the placebo group . CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that the addition of acarbose to sulphonylurea/insulin combination therapy can improve glycaemic control in type 2 diabetic patients . Acarbose may also reduce insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia .

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[ "Outcome_Physical", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Control", "Participant_Sample-size" ]

acarbose is a Intervention_Pharmacological, insulin therapy is a Intervention_Pharmacological, type 2 diabetic is a Participant_Condition, late failure is a Participant_Condition, sulphonylurea therapy is a Participant_Condition, insulin requirements is a Outcome_Physical, glycaemic control is a Outcome_Physical, type 2 diabetes is a Participant_Condition, exogenous insulin is a Participant_Condition, placebo - controlled is a Intervention_Control, 48 is a Participant_Sample-size, late - term failure is a Participant_Condition, glycaemic response rate is a Outcome_Physical, daily insulin dose is a Outcome_Physical, postprandial changes in blood glucose , serum insulin and C - peptide is a Outcome_Physical, mean daily insulin dose is a Outcome_Physical, Postprandial increases in blood glucose is a Outcome_Physical, mean increase in 2-h postprandial serum insulin is a Outcome_Physical, sulphonylurea / insulin is a Intervention_Pharmacological, Acarbose is a Intervention_Pharmacological, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia . is a Outcome_Physical

5642_task1

Sentence: Effect of acarbose on additional insulin therapy in type 2 diabetic patients with late failure of sulphonylurea therapy . AIM The present study investigated the effect of acarbose on insulin requirements and glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving exogenous insulin due to secondary failure of maximum dose sulphonylurea therapy . METHODS A single-centre , double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled study was performed in 48 type 2 diabetic patients with late-term failure following at least 3 years of sulphonylurea therapy requiring additional insulin therapy to determine the impact of acarbose on glycaemic control and insulin requirements . The primary end points were glycaemic response rate ( responders being predefined as patients who achieve a decrease in HbA1c to less than 8 % or a reduction by at least 15 % as compared to the baseline values ) and the daily insulin dose at 6 months . Secondary parameters assessed included postprandial changes in blood glucose , serum insulin and C-peptide during the treatment period . RESULTS There were significantly more responders in the acarbose-treated group compared with the placebo group ( 20/24 patients vs. 10/19 patients ; p < 0.05 ) . The mean daily insulin dose after 24 weeks of treatment was 16.4 +/- 10.1 IU in the acarbose group and 22.4 +/- 12.2 IU in the placebo group ( mean +/- s.d . ; p < 0.07 ) . Postprandial increases in blood glucose , insulin and C-peptide were consistently lower in the acarbose-treated group than in the placebo group . For example , the mean increase in 2-h postprandial serum insulin remained almost unchanged in the acarbose group at the end of 24 weeks of treatment compared to an increase to 43 +/- 29 microU/ml ( mean +/- s.d . ) at the end of the study period for the placebo group . CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that the addition of acarbose to sulphonylurea/insulin combination therapy can improve glycaemic control in type 2 diabetic patients . Acarbose may also reduce insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: acarbose, insulin therapy, type 2 diabetic, late failure, sulphonylurea therapy, insulin requirements, glycaemic control, type 2 diabetes, exogenous insulin, placebo - controlled, 48, late - term failure, glycaemic response rate, daily insulin dose, postprandial changes in blood glucose , serum insulin and C - peptide, mean daily insulin dose, Postprandial increases in blood glucose, mean increase in 2-h postprandial serum insulin, sulphonylurea / insulin, Acarbose, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia . Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Intervention_Control, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size

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Effect of acarbose on additional insulin therapy in type 2 diabetic patients with late failure of sulphonylurea therapy . AIM The present study investigated the effect of acarbose on insulin requirements and glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving exogenous insulin due to secondary failure of maximum dose sulphonylurea therapy . METHODS A single-centre , double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled study was performed in 48 type 2 diabetic patients with late-term failure following at least 3 years of sulphonylurea therapy requiring additional insulin therapy to determine the impact of acarbose on glycaemic control and insulin requirements . The primary end points were glycaemic response rate ( responders being predefined as patients who achieve a decrease in HbA1c to less than 8 % or a reduction by at least 15 % as compared to the baseline values ) and the daily insulin dose at 6 months . Secondary parameters assessed included postprandial changes in blood glucose , serum insulin and C-peptide during the treatment period . RESULTS There were significantly more responders in the acarbose-treated group compared with the placebo group ( 20/24 patients vs. 10/19 patients ; p < 0.05 ) . The mean daily insulin dose after 24 weeks of treatment was 16.4 +/- 10.1 IU in the acarbose group and 22.4 +/- 12.2 IU in the placebo group ( mean +/- s.d . ; p < 0.07 ) . Postprandial increases in blood glucose , insulin and C-peptide were consistently lower in the acarbose-treated group than in the placebo group . For example , the mean increase in 2-h postprandial serum insulin remained almost unchanged in the acarbose group at the end of 24 weeks of treatment compared to an increase to 43 +/- 29 microU/ml ( mean +/- s.d . ) at the end of the study period for the placebo group . CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that the addition of acarbose to sulphonylurea/insulin combination therapy can improve glycaemic control in type 2 diabetic patients . Acarbose may also reduce insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia .

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[ "Outcome_Physical", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Control", "Participant_Sample-size" ]

acarbose, insulin therapy, type 2 diabetic, late failure, sulphonylurea therapy, insulin requirements, glycaemic control, type 2 diabetes, exogenous insulin, placebo - controlled, 48, late - term failure, glycaemic response rate, daily insulin dose, postprandial changes in blood glucose , serum insulin and C - peptide, mean daily insulin dose, Postprandial increases in blood glucose, mean increase in 2-h postprandial serum insulin, sulphonylurea / insulin, Acarbose, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia .

5642_task2

Sentence: Effect of acarbose on additional insulin therapy in type 2 diabetic patients with late failure of sulphonylurea therapy . AIM The present study investigated the effect of acarbose on insulin requirements and glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving exogenous insulin due to secondary failure of maximum dose sulphonylurea therapy . METHODS A single-centre , double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled study was performed in 48 type 2 diabetic patients with late-term failure following at least 3 years of sulphonylurea therapy requiring additional insulin therapy to determine the impact of acarbose on glycaemic control and insulin requirements . The primary end points were glycaemic response rate ( responders being predefined as patients who achieve a decrease in HbA1c to less than 8 % or a reduction by at least 15 % as compared to the baseline values ) and the daily insulin dose at 6 months . Secondary parameters assessed included postprandial changes in blood glucose , serum insulin and C-peptide during the treatment period . RESULTS There were significantly more responders in the acarbose-treated group compared with the placebo group ( 20/24 patients vs. 10/19 patients ; p < 0.05 ) . The mean daily insulin dose after 24 weeks of treatment was 16.4 +/- 10.1 IU in the acarbose group and 22.4 +/- 12.2 IU in the placebo group ( mean +/- s.d . ; p < 0.07 ) . Postprandial increases in blood glucose , insulin and C-peptide were consistently lower in the acarbose-treated group than in the placebo group . For example , the mean increase in 2-h postprandial serum insulin remained almost unchanged in the acarbose group at the end of 24 weeks of treatment compared to an increase to 43 +/- 29 microU/ml ( mean +/- s.d . ) at the end of the study period for the placebo group . CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that the addition of acarbose to sulphonylurea/insulin combination therapy can improve glycaemic control in type 2 diabetic patients . Acarbose may also reduce insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical" ]

Effect of acarbose on additional insulin therapy in type 2 diabetic patients with late failure of sulphonylurea therapy . AIM The present study investigated the effect of acarbose on insulin requirements and glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving exogenous insulin due to secondary failure of maximum dose sulphonylurea therapy . METHODS A single-centre , double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled study was performed in 48 type 2 diabetic patients with late-term failure following at least 3 years of sulphonylurea therapy requiring additional insulin therapy to determine the impact of acarbose on glycaemic control and insulin requirements . The primary end points were glycaemic response rate ( responders being predefined as patients who achieve a decrease in HbA1c to less than 8 % or a reduction by at least 15 % as compared to the baseline values ) and the daily insulin dose at 6 months . Secondary parameters assessed included postprandial changes in blood glucose , serum insulin and C-peptide during the treatment period . RESULTS There were significantly more responders in the acarbose-treated group compared with the placebo group ( 20/24 patients vs. 10/19 patients ; p < 0.05 ) . The mean daily insulin dose after 24 weeks of treatment was 16.4 +/- 10.1 IU in the acarbose group and 22.4 +/- 12.2 IU in the placebo group ( mean +/- s.d . ; p < 0.07 ) . Postprandial increases in blood glucose , insulin and C-peptide were consistently lower in the acarbose-treated group than in the placebo group . For example , the mean increase in 2-h postprandial serum insulin remained almost unchanged in the acarbose group at the end of 24 weeks of treatment compared to an increase to 43 +/- 29 microU/ml ( mean +/- s.d . ) at the end of the study period for the placebo group . CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that the addition of acarbose to sulphonylurea/insulin combination therapy can improve glycaemic control in type 2 diabetic patients . Acarbose may also reduce insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia .

[ "Effect", "of", "acarbose", "on", "additional", "insulin", "therapy", "in", "type", "2", "diabetic", "patients", "with", "late", "failure", "of", "sulphonylurea", "therapy", ".", "AIM", "The", "present", "study", "investigated", "the", "effect", "of", "acarbose", "on", "insulin", "requirements", "and", "glycaemic", "control", "in", "patients", "with", "type", "2", "diabetes", "receiving", "exogenous", "insulin", "due", "to", "secondary", "failure", "of", "maximum", "dose", "sulphonylurea", "therapy", ".", "METHODS", "A", "single", "-", "centre", ",", "double", "-", "blind", ",", "randomized", ",", "placebo", "-", "controlled", "study", "was", "performed", "in", "48", "type", "2", "diabetic", "patients", "with", "late", "-", "term", "failure", "following", "at", "least", "3", "years", "of", "sulphonylurea", "therapy", "requiring", "additional", "insulin", "therapy", "to", "determine", "the", "impact", "of", "acarbose", "on", "glycaemic", "control", "and", "insulin", "requirements", ".", "The", "primary", "end", "points", "were", "glycaemic", "response", "rate", "(", "responders", "being", "predefined", "as", "patients", "who", "achieve", "a", "decrease", "in", "HbA1c", "to", "less", "than", "8", "%", "or", "a", "reduction", "by", "at", "least", "15", "%", "as", "compared", "to", "the", "baseline", "values", ")", "and", "the", "daily", "insulin", "dose", "at", "6", "months", ".", "Secondary", "parameters", "assessed", "included", "postprandial", "changes", "in", "blood", "glucose", ",", "serum", "insulin", "and", "C", "-", "peptide", "during", "the", "treatment", "period", ".", "RESULTS", "There", "were", "significantly", "more", "responders", "in", "the", "acarbose", "-", "treated", "group", "compared", "with", "the", "placebo", "group", "(", "20/24", "patients", "vs", ".", "10/19", "patients", ";", "p", "<", "0.05", ")", ".", "The", "mean", "daily", "insulin", "dose", "after", "24", "weeks", "of", "treatment", "was", "16.4", "+", "/-", "10.1", "IU", "in", "the", "acarbose", "group", "and", "22.4", "+", "/-", "12.2", "IU", "in", "the", "placebo", "group", "(", "mean", "+", "/-", "s.d", ".", ";", "p", "<", "0.07", ")", ".", "Postprandial", "increases", "in", "blood", "glucose", ",", "insulin", "and", "C", "-", "peptide", "were", "consistently", "lower", "in", "the", "acarbose", "-", "treated", "group", "than", "in", "the", "placebo", "group", ".", "For", "example", ",", "the", "mean", "increase", "in", "2-h", "postprandial", "serum", "insulin", "remained", "almost", "unchanged", "in", "the", "acarbose", "group", "at", "the", "end", "of", "24", "weeks", "of", "treatment", "compared", "to", "an", "increase", "to", "43", "+", "/-", "29", "microU", "/", "ml", "(", "mean", "+", "/-", "s.d", ".", ")", "at", "the", "end", "of", "the", "study", "period", "for", "the", "placebo", "group", ".", "CONCLUSIONS", "The", "findings", "of", "this", "study", "suggest", "that", "the", "addition", "of", "acarbose", "to", "sulphonylurea", "/", "insulin", "combination", "therapy", "can", "improve", "glycaemic", "control", "in", "type", "2", "diabetic", "patients", ".", "Acarbose", "may", "also", "reduce", "insulin", "resistance", "and", "hyperinsulinaemia", "." ]

[ "Outcome_Physical", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Control", "Participant_Sample-size" ]

Epstein - Barr virus latency is an other_name, ZEBRA is a protein_molecule

60618_task0

Sentence: Activation domain requirements for disruption of Epstein-Barr virus latency by ZEBRA. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: protein_molecule, other_name

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "O", "B-protein_molecule", "O" ]

Activation domain requirements for disruption of Epstein-Barr virus latency by ZEBRA.

[ "Activation", "domain", "requirements", "for", "disruption", "of", "Epstein", "-", "Barr", "virus", "latency", "by", "ZEBRA", "." ]

[ "(OR protein_domain_or_region protein_domain_or_region protein_domain_or_region)", "protein_domain_or_region", "other_name", "virus", "protein_molecule", "", "DNA_domain_or_region", "cell_type" ]

Epstein - Barr virus latency is an other_name, ZEBRA is a protein_molecule

60618_task1

Sentence: Activation domain requirements for disruption of Epstein-Barr virus latency by ZEBRA. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Epstein - Barr virus latency, ZEBRA Options: protein_molecule, other_name

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "O", "B-protein_molecule", "O" ]

Activation domain requirements for disruption of Epstein-Barr virus latency by ZEBRA.

[ "Activation", "domain", "requirements", "for", "disruption", "of", "Epstein", "-", "Barr", "virus", "latency", "by", "ZEBRA", "." ]

[ "(OR protein_domain_or_region protein_domain_or_region protein_domain_or_region)", "protein_domain_or_region", "other_name", "virus", "protein_molecule", "", "DNA_domain_or_region", "cell_type" ]

Epstein - Barr virus latency, ZEBRA

60618_task2

Sentence: Activation domain requirements for disruption of Epstein-Barr virus latency by ZEBRA. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "O", "B-protein_molecule", "O" ]

Activation domain requirements for disruption of Epstein-Barr virus latency by ZEBRA.

[ "Activation", "domain", "requirements", "for", "disruption", "of", "Epstein", "-", "Barr", "virus", "latency", "by", "ZEBRA", "." ]

[ "(OR protein_domain_or_region protein_domain_or_region protein_domain_or_region)", "protein_domain_or_region", "other_name", "virus", "protein_molecule", "", "DNA_domain_or_region", "cell_type" ]

loperamide is a compound, HSA is a protein

DS.d1261_task0

Sentence: Control loperamide-loaded HSA nanoparticles with IgG2a antibodies yielded only marginal effects. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: compound, protein

[ "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Control loperamide-loaded HSA nanoparticles with IgG2a antibodies yielded only marginal effects.

[ "Control", "loperamide", "-", "loaded", "HSA", "nanoparticles", "with", "IgG2a", "antibodies", "yielded", "only", "marginal", "effects", "." ]

[ "compound", "protein" ]

loperamide is a compound, HSA is a protein

DS.d1261_task1

Sentence: Control loperamide-loaded HSA nanoparticles with IgG2a antibodies yielded only marginal effects. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: loperamide, HSA Options: compound, protein

[ "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Control loperamide-loaded HSA nanoparticles with IgG2a antibodies yielded only marginal effects.

[ "Control", "loperamide", "-", "loaded", "HSA", "nanoparticles", "with", "IgG2a", "antibodies", "yielded", "only", "marginal", "effects", "." ]

[ "compound", "protein" ]

loperamide, HSA

DS.d1261_task2

Sentence: Control loperamide-loaded HSA nanoparticles with IgG2a antibodies yielded only marginal effects. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Control loperamide-loaded HSA nanoparticles with IgG2a antibodies yielded only marginal effects.

[ "Control", "loperamide", "-", "loaded", "HSA", "nanoparticles", "with", "IgG2a", "antibodies", "yielded", "only", "marginal", "effects", "." ]

[ "compound", "protein" ]

flea is a Organism, Y. pestis is a Organism, Y. pestis is a Organism, flea is a Organism, Y. pestis is a Organism, Y. pestis is a Organism, Y. pestis is a Organism, flea is a Organism, flea is a Organism, Y. pestis is a Organism, poly - beta-1,6-N - acetyl glucosamine is a Chemical, staphylococcal is a Organism, flea is a Organism, flea is a Organism, psaC is a Protein, Y. pestis is a Organism, phoP is a Protein, mgtC is a Protein, Y. pestis is a Organism, flea is a Organism, yadBC is a Protein, pla is a Protein, Y. pestis is a Organism, flea is a Organism, Pla is a Protein, Y. pestis is a Organism, flea is a Organism, Y. pestis is a Organism, flea is a Organism, Y. pestis is a Organism, flea is a Organism, flea is a Organism, fleas is a Organism, Y. pestis is a Organism

129_task0

Sentence: Does transit through the flea vector preadapt Y. pestis to resist mammalian innate immunity? When Y. pestis is transmitted into the dermis by an infected flea, it is immediately exposed to the mammalian innate immune system. The most important antiphagocytic virulence factors, the cytotoxic Yersinia outer proteins (Yops), part of the T3SS encoded by the Y. pestis virulence plasmid and the F1 capsule encoded by the pMT1 plasmid, are not present at this initial stage of infection. Their expression is strictly temperature-regulated and are not produced in vivo until 3-5 hours after the temperature shift to 37degreesC that accompanies transmission [1],[3],[53],[54]. Consequently, Y. pestis grown at <28degreesC in vitro are initially susceptible to in vivo uptake and killing by phagocytes until the Yop and F1 virulence factors are produced, effectively preventing further phagocytosis [53],[54]. Our results indicate that Y. pestis entering the mammal from an infective flea is relatively resistant to macrophages, as well as PMNs [7]; a vector-specific phenotype that is not related to the T3SS or capsule. Coming from the flea, Y. pestis is also associated with the biofilm ECM, identical or closely related to the poly-beta-1,6-N-acetyl glucosamine ECM of staphylococcal biofilms, which has been shown to provide protection from innate immune components [55],[56]. In addition, although the antiphagocytic F1 capsule and Psa fimbriae do not appear to be produced in the flea, upregulation in the flea of most F1 genes in the cafRcaf1M1A1 locus and the Psa usher protein gene psaC (Tables 1, S1) suggests that components of the F1 and Psa translocation system are made, which may prime Y. pestis for rapid secretion of these extracellular virulence factors after transmission. The upregulation of the innate immunity resistance genes phoP and mgtC suggest that those Y. pestis that are phagocytized may be prepared for resistance to CAMPs and intracellular survival while still in the flea vector. Finally, the major essential virulence factors yadBC and pla, essential for Y. pestis dissemination from the dermis, were maximally or very highly expressed in the flea (Tables 1, S3). Besides degrading plasminogen, the Pla protease may also inactivate CAMPs, particularly when the F1 capsule is not present [57], which matches the phenotype of Y. pestis in the flea. In summary, Y. pestis appears to be prepared for pathogenesis in the mammal while still in the flea vector. The biofilm phenotype of Y. pestis and the virulence factors upregulated or highly expressed in the flea may enhance the earliest stages of plague pathogenesis while the full complement of temperature-shift-regulated virulence factors is still being induced. Increased resistance to innate immunity that is preinduced in the flea vector may be critical to productive transmission because blocked fleas transmit relatively few bacteria, often below the LD50 of Y. pestis grown in vitro at <28degreesC [1],[52]. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Chemical, Organism, Protein

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Does transit through the flea vector preadapt Y. pestis to resist mammalian innate immunity? When Y. pestis is transmitted into the dermis by an infected flea, it is immediately exposed to the mammalian innate immune system. The most important antiphagocytic virulence factors, the cytotoxic Yersinia outer proteins (Yops), part of the T3SS encoded by the Y. pestis virulence plasmid and the F1 capsule encoded by the pMT1 plasmid, are not present at this initial stage of infection. Their expression is strictly temperature-regulated and are not produced in vivo until 3-5 hours after the temperature shift to 37degreesC that accompanies transmission [1],[3],[53],[54]. Consequently, Y. pestis grown at <28degreesC in vitro are initially susceptible to in vivo uptake and killing by phagocytes until the Yop and F1 virulence factors are produced, effectively preventing further phagocytosis [53],[54]. Our results indicate that Y. pestis entering the mammal from an infective flea is relatively resistant to macrophages, as well as PMNs [7]; a vector-specific phenotype that is not related to the T3SS or capsule. Coming from the flea, Y. pestis is also associated with the biofilm ECM, identical or closely related to the poly-beta-1,6-N-acetyl glucosamine ECM of staphylococcal biofilms, which has been shown to provide protection from innate immune components [55],[56]. In addition, although the antiphagocytic F1 capsule and Psa fimbriae do not appear to be produced in the flea, upregulation in the flea of most F1 genes in the cafRcaf1M1A1 locus and the Psa usher protein gene psaC (Tables 1, S1) suggests that components of the F1 and Psa translocation system are made, which may prime Y. pestis for rapid secretion of these extracellular virulence factors after transmission. The upregulation of the innate immunity resistance genes phoP and mgtC suggest that those Y. pestis that are phagocytized may be prepared for resistance to CAMPs and intracellular survival while still in the flea vector. Finally, the major essential virulence factors yadBC and pla, essential for Y. pestis dissemination from the dermis, were maximally or very highly expressed in the flea (Tables 1, S3). Besides degrading plasminogen, the Pla protease may also inactivate CAMPs, particularly when the F1 capsule is not present [57], which matches the phenotype of Y. pestis in the flea. In summary, Y. pestis appears to be prepared for pathogenesis in the mammal while still in the flea vector. The biofilm phenotype of Y. pestis and the virulence factors upregulated or highly expressed in the flea may enhance the earliest stages of plague pathogenesis while the full complement of temperature-shift-regulated virulence factors is still being induced. Increased resistance to innate immunity that is preinduced in the flea vector may be critical to productive transmission because blocked fleas transmit relatively few bacteria, often below the LD50 of Y. pestis grown in vitro at <28degreesC [1],[52].

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[ "Chemical", "Organism", "Protein" ]

flea is a Organism, Y. pestis is a Organism, Y. pestis is a Organism, flea is a Organism, Y. pestis is a Organism, Y. pestis is a Organism, Y. pestis is a Organism, flea is a Organism, flea is a Organism, Y. pestis is a Organism, poly - beta-1,6-N - acetyl glucosamine is a Chemical, staphylococcal is a Organism, flea is a Organism, flea is a Organism, psaC is a Protein, Y. pestis is a Organism, phoP is a Protein, mgtC is a Protein, Y. pestis is a Organism, flea is a Organism, yadBC is a Protein, pla is a Protein, Y. pestis is a Organism, flea is a Organism, Pla is a Protein, Y. pestis is a Organism, flea is a Organism, Y. pestis is a Organism, flea is a Organism, Y. pestis is a Organism, flea is a Organism, flea is a Organism, fleas is a Organism, Y. pestis is a Organism

129_task1

Sentence: Does transit through the flea vector preadapt Y. pestis to resist mammalian innate immunity? When Y. pestis is transmitted into the dermis by an infected flea, it is immediately exposed to the mammalian innate immune system. The most important antiphagocytic virulence factors, the cytotoxic Yersinia outer proteins (Yops), part of the T3SS encoded by the Y. pestis virulence plasmid and the F1 capsule encoded by the pMT1 plasmid, are not present at this initial stage of infection. Their expression is strictly temperature-regulated and are not produced in vivo until 3-5 hours after the temperature shift to 37degreesC that accompanies transmission [1],[3],[53],[54]. Consequently, Y. pestis grown at <28degreesC in vitro are initially susceptible to in vivo uptake and killing by phagocytes until the Yop and F1 virulence factors are produced, effectively preventing further phagocytosis [53],[54]. Our results indicate that Y. pestis entering the mammal from an infective flea is relatively resistant to macrophages, as well as PMNs [7]; a vector-specific phenotype that is not related to the T3SS or capsule. Coming from the flea, Y. pestis is also associated with the biofilm ECM, identical or closely related to the poly-beta-1,6-N-acetyl glucosamine ECM of staphylococcal biofilms, which has been shown to provide protection from innate immune components [55],[56]. In addition, although the antiphagocytic F1 capsule and Psa fimbriae do not appear to be produced in the flea, upregulation in the flea of most F1 genes in the cafRcaf1M1A1 locus and the Psa usher protein gene psaC (Tables 1, S1) suggests that components of the F1 and Psa translocation system are made, which may prime Y. pestis for rapid secretion of these extracellular virulence factors after transmission. The upregulation of the innate immunity resistance genes phoP and mgtC suggest that those Y. pestis that are phagocytized may be prepared for resistance to CAMPs and intracellular survival while still in the flea vector. Finally, the major essential virulence factors yadBC and pla, essential for Y. pestis dissemination from the dermis, were maximally or very highly expressed in the flea (Tables 1, S3). Besides degrading plasminogen, the Pla protease may also inactivate CAMPs, particularly when the F1 capsule is not present [57], which matches the phenotype of Y. pestis in the flea. In summary, Y. pestis appears to be prepared for pathogenesis in the mammal while still in the flea vector. The biofilm phenotype of Y. pestis and the virulence factors upregulated or highly expressed in the flea may enhance the earliest stages of plague pathogenesis while the full complement of temperature-shift-regulated virulence factors is still being induced. Increased resistance to innate immunity that is preinduced in the flea vector may be critical to productive transmission because blocked fleas transmit relatively few bacteria, often below the LD50 of Y. pestis grown in vitro at <28degreesC [1],[52]. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: flea, Y. pestis, Y. pestis, flea, Y. pestis, Y. pestis, Y. pestis, flea, flea, Y. pestis, poly - beta-1,6-N - acetyl glucosamine, staphylococcal, flea, flea, psaC, Y. pestis, phoP, mgtC, Y. pestis, flea, yadBC, pla, Y. pestis, flea, Pla, Y. pestis, flea, Y. pestis, flea, Y. pestis, flea, flea, fleas, Y. pestis Options: Chemical, Organism, Protein

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Does transit through the flea vector preadapt Y. pestis to resist mammalian innate immunity? When Y. pestis is transmitted into the dermis by an infected flea, it is immediately exposed to the mammalian innate immune system. The most important antiphagocytic virulence factors, the cytotoxic Yersinia outer proteins (Yops), part of the T3SS encoded by the Y. pestis virulence plasmid and the F1 capsule encoded by the pMT1 plasmid, are not present at this initial stage of infection. Their expression is strictly temperature-regulated and are not produced in vivo until 3-5 hours after the temperature shift to 37degreesC that accompanies transmission [1],[3],[53],[54]. Consequently, Y. pestis grown at <28degreesC in vitro are initially susceptible to in vivo uptake and killing by phagocytes until the Yop and F1 virulence factors are produced, effectively preventing further phagocytosis [53],[54]. Our results indicate that Y. pestis entering the mammal from an infective flea is relatively resistant to macrophages, as well as PMNs [7]; a vector-specific phenotype that is not related to the T3SS or capsule. Coming from the flea, Y. pestis is also associated with the biofilm ECM, identical or closely related to the poly-beta-1,6-N-acetyl glucosamine ECM of staphylococcal biofilms, which has been shown to provide protection from innate immune components [55],[56]. In addition, although the antiphagocytic F1 capsule and Psa fimbriae do not appear to be produced in the flea, upregulation in the flea of most F1 genes in the cafRcaf1M1A1 locus and the Psa usher protein gene psaC (Tables 1, S1) suggests that components of the F1 and Psa translocation system are made, which may prime Y. pestis for rapid secretion of these extracellular virulence factors after transmission. The upregulation of the innate immunity resistance genes phoP and mgtC suggest that those Y. pestis that are phagocytized may be prepared for resistance to CAMPs and intracellular survival while still in the flea vector. Finally, the major essential virulence factors yadBC and pla, essential for Y. pestis dissemination from the dermis, were maximally or very highly expressed in the flea (Tables 1, S3). Besides degrading plasminogen, the Pla protease may also inactivate CAMPs, particularly when the F1 capsule is not present [57], which matches the phenotype of Y. pestis in the flea. In summary, Y. pestis appears to be prepared for pathogenesis in the mammal while still in the flea vector. The biofilm phenotype of Y. pestis and the virulence factors upregulated or highly expressed in the flea may enhance the earliest stages of plague pathogenesis while the full complement of temperature-shift-regulated virulence factors is still being induced. Increased resistance to innate immunity that is preinduced in the flea vector may be critical to productive transmission because blocked fleas transmit relatively few bacteria, often below the LD50 of Y. pestis grown in vitro at <28degreesC [1],[52].

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[ "Chemical", "Organism", "Protein" ]

flea, Y. pestis, Y. pestis, flea, Y. pestis, Y. pestis, Y. pestis, flea, flea, Y. pestis, poly - beta-1,6-N - acetyl glucosamine, staphylococcal, flea, flea, psaC, Y. pestis, phoP, mgtC, Y. pestis, flea, yadBC, pla, Y. pestis, flea, Pla, Y. pestis, flea, Y. pestis, flea, Y. pestis, flea, flea, fleas, Y. pestis

129_task2

Sentence: Does transit through the flea vector preadapt Y. pestis to resist mammalian innate immunity? When Y. pestis is transmitted into the dermis by an infected flea, it is immediately exposed to the mammalian innate immune system. The most important antiphagocytic virulence factors, the cytotoxic Yersinia outer proteins (Yops), part of the T3SS encoded by the Y. pestis virulence plasmid and the F1 capsule encoded by the pMT1 plasmid, are not present at this initial stage of infection. Their expression is strictly temperature-regulated and are not produced in vivo until 3-5 hours after the temperature shift to 37degreesC that accompanies transmission [1],[3],[53],[54]. Consequently, Y. pestis grown at <28degreesC in vitro are initially susceptible to in vivo uptake and killing by phagocytes until the Yop and F1 virulence factors are produced, effectively preventing further phagocytosis [53],[54]. Our results indicate that Y. pestis entering the mammal from an infective flea is relatively resistant to macrophages, as well as PMNs [7]; a vector-specific phenotype that is not related to the T3SS or capsule. Coming from the flea, Y. pestis is also associated with the biofilm ECM, identical or closely related to the poly-beta-1,6-N-acetyl glucosamine ECM of staphylococcal biofilms, which has been shown to provide protection from innate immune components [55],[56]. In addition, although the antiphagocytic F1 capsule and Psa fimbriae do not appear to be produced in the flea, upregulation in the flea of most F1 genes in the cafRcaf1M1A1 locus and the Psa usher protein gene psaC (Tables 1, S1) suggests that components of the F1 and Psa translocation system are made, which may prime Y. pestis for rapid secretion of these extracellular virulence factors after transmission. The upregulation of the innate immunity resistance genes phoP and mgtC suggest that those Y. pestis that are phagocytized may be prepared for resistance to CAMPs and intracellular survival while still in the flea vector. Finally, the major essential virulence factors yadBC and pla, essential for Y. pestis dissemination from the dermis, were maximally or very highly expressed in the flea (Tables 1, S3). Besides degrading plasminogen, the Pla protease may also inactivate CAMPs, particularly when the F1 capsule is not present [57], which matches the phenotype of Y. pestis in the flea. In summary, Y. pestis appears to be prepared for pathogenesis in the mammal while still in the flea vector. The biofilm phenotype of Y. pestis and the virulence factors upregulated or highly expressed in the flea may enhance the earliest stages of plague pathogenesis while the full complement of temperature-shift-regulated virulence factors is still being induced. Increased resistance to innate immunity that is preinduced in the flea vector may be critical to productive transmission because blocked fleas transmit relatively few bacteria, often below the LD50 of Y. pestis grown in vitro at <28degreesC [1],[52]. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Does transit through the flea vector preadapt Y. pestis to resist mammalian innate immunity? When Y. pestis is transmitted into the dermis by an infected flea, it is immediately exposed to the mammalian innate immune system. The most important antiphagocytic virulence factors, the cytotoxic Yersinia outer proteins (Yops), part of the T3SS encoded by the Y. pestis virulence plasmid and the F1 capsule encoded by the pMT1 plasmid, are not present at this initial stage of infection. Their expression is strictly temperature-regulated and are not produced in vivo until 3-5 hours after the temperature shift to 37degreesC that accompanies transmission [1],[3],[53],[54]. Consequently, Y. pestis grown at <28degreesC in vitro are initially susceptible to in vivo uptake and killing by phagocytes until the Yop and F1 virulence factors are produced, effectively preventing further phagocytosis [53],[54]. Our results indicate that Y. pestis entering the mammal from an infective flea is relatively resistant to macrophages, as well as PMNs [7]; a vector-specific phenotype that is not related to the T3SS or capsule. Coming from the flea, Y. pestis is also associated with the biofilm ECM, identical or closely related to the poly-beta-1,6-N-acetyl glucosamine ECM of staphylococcal biofilms, which has been shown to provide protection from innate immune components [55],[56]. In addition, although the antiphagocytic F1 capsule and Psa fimbriae do not appear to be produced in the flea, upregulation in the flea of most F1 genes in the cafRcaf1M1A1 locus and the Psa usher protein gene psaC (Tables 1, S1) suggests that components of the F1 and Psa translocation system are made, which may prime Y. pestis for rapid secretion of these extracellular virulence factors after transmission. The upregulation of the innate immunity resistance genes phoP and mgtC suggest that those Y. pestis that are phagocytized may be prepared for resistance to CAMPs and intracellular survival while still in the flea vector. Finally, the major essential virulence factors yadBC and pla, essential for Y. pestis dissemination from the dermis, were maximally or very highly expressed in the flea (Tables 1, S3). Besides degrading plasminogen, the Pla protease may also inactivate CAMPs, particularly when the F1 capsule is not present [57], which matches the phenotype of Y. pestis in the flea. In summary, Y. pestis appears to be prepared for pathogenesis in the mammal while still in the flea vector. The biofilm phenotype of Y. pestis and the virulence factors upregulated or highly expressed in the flea may enhance the earliest stages of plague pathogenesis while the full complement of temperature-shift-regulated virulence factors is still being induced. Increased resistance to innate immunity that is preinduced in the flea vector may be critical to productive transmission because blocked fleas transmit relatively few bacteria, often below the LD50 of Y. pestis grown in vitro at <28degreesC [1],[52].

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[ "Chemical", "Organism", "Protein" ]

functional dyspepsia is a Condition, Rome III criteria is a Qualifier, inadequate relief is a Qualifier, dyspeptic symptoms is a Condition, Age is a Person, > 18 is a Value

NCT01349413_inc_task0

Sentence: Patients with functional dyspepsia that fulfill Rome III criteria with inadequate relief of dyspeptic symptoms Age >18 Provision of written consent Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Person, Condition, Qualifier, Value

[ "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "I-Qualifier", "I-Qualifier", "O", "B-Qualifier", "I-Qualifier", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Person", "B-Value", "I-Value", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Patients with functional dyspepsia that fulfill Rome III criteria with inadequate relief of dyspeptic symptoms Age >18 Provision of written consent

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[ "Condition", "Qualifier", "Person", "Value" ]

functional dyspepsia is a Condition, Rome III criteria is a Qualifier, inadequate relief is a Qualifier, dyspeptic symptoms is a Condition, Age is a Person, > 18 is a Value

NCT01349413_inc_task1

Sentence: Patients with functional dyspepsia that fulfill Rome III criteria with inadequate relief of dyspeptic symptoms Age >18 Provision of written consent Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: functional dyspepsia, Rome III criteria, inadequate relief, dyspeptic symptoms, Age, > 18 Options: Person, Condition, Qualifier, Value

[ "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "I-Qualifier", "I-Qualifier", "O", "B-Qualifier", "I-Qualifier", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Person", "B-Value", "I-Value", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Patients with functional dyspepsia that fulfill Rome III criteria with inadequate relief of dyspeptic symptoms Age >18 Provision of written consent

[ "Patients", "with", "functional", "dyspepsia", "that", "fulfill", "Rome", "III", "criteria", "with", "inadequate", "relief", "of", "dyspeptic", "symptoms", "\n", "Age", ">", "18", "\n", "Provision", "of", "written", "consent", "\n" ]

[ "Condition", "Qualifier", "Person", "Value" ]

functional dyspepsia, Rome III criteria, inadequate relief, dyspeptic symptoms, Age, > 18

NCT01349413_inc_task2

Sentence: Patients with functional dyspepsia that fulfill Rome III criteria with inadequate relief of dyspeptic symptoms Age >18 Provision of written consent Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "I-Qualifier", "I-Qualifier", "O", "B-Qualifier", "I-Qualifier", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Person", "B-Value", "I-Value", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Patients with functional dyspepsia that fulfill Rome III criteria with inadequate relief of dyspeptic symptoms Age >18 Provision of written consent

[ "Patients", "with", "functional", "dyspepsia", "that", "fulfill", "Rome", "III", "criteria", "with", "inadequate", "relief", "of", "dyspeptic", "symptoms", "\n", "Age", ">", "18", "\n", "Provision", "of", "written", "consent", "\n" ]

[ "Condition", "Qualifier", "Person", "Value" ]

breast cancer patients is a Participant_Condition, pre - operative and post - operative anastrozole or tamoxifen is a Intervention_Pharmacological, efficacy outcomes is a Outcome_Physical, Arimidex is a Intervention_Pharmacological, Tamoxifen is a Intervention_Pharmacological, pre - operative ( 3 months ) and post - operative ( 5 years ) adjuvant treatment is a Intervention_Pharmacological, locally - advanced breast cancer is a Participant_Sample-size, tamoxifen placebo is a Intervention_Control, anastrozole placebo is a Intervention_Control, adjuvant therapy is a Intervention_Pharmacological, recurrence is a Outcome_Physical, Recurrence - free survival is a Outcome_Physical, overall survival is a Outcome_Physical, death is a Outcome_Adverse-effects, adverse events is a Outcome_Adverse-effects, recurrence - free survival is a Outcome_Physical

53056_task0

Sentence: Outcomes of Japanese breast cancer patients treated with pre-operative and post-operative anastrozole or tamoxifen . The present study examined long-term efficacy outcomes in a subgroup of postmenopausal , estrogen receptor-positive Japanese breast cancer patients from the Pre-Operative " Arimidex " Compared with Tamoxifen trial , following pre-operative ( 3 months ) and post-operative ( 5 years ) adjuvant treatment with either anastrozole or tamoxifen . Patients with large , potentially operable , locally-advanced breast cancer were randomized to receive anastrozole ( 1 mg/day ) plus tamoxifen placebo or tamoxifen ( 20 mg/day ) plus anastrozole placebo pre-operatively . After surgery at 3 months , patients continued on the same study medication as adjuvant therapy for up to 5 years or until recurrence , intolerable toxicity or withdrawal of patient consent . Recurrence-free survival and overall survival were measured from the date of randomization to the date of recurrence or death , whichever occurred first . Patients were monitored for adverse events throughout the study period and up to 30 days following administration of the last study medication . During post-operative adjuvant therapy , 4/48 ( 8 % ) anastrozole and 25/49 ( 51 % ) tamoxifen patients experienced recurrence . There was a significant difference in recurrence-free survival between the two groups ( hazard ratio 0.14 ; 95 % confidence interval 0.05-0.41 ; P = 0.0003 ) . There was a significant increase in overall survival with anastrozole ( 0.21 ; 0.05-0.96 ; P = 0.0436 ) and there were 2/48 ( 4 % ) and 10/49 ( 20 % ) deaths with anastrozole and tamoxifen , respectively . Most patients responding to pre-operative therapy remained recurrence-free . Sequential pre-operative/post-operative treatment with anastrozole resulted in lower recurrence and death rates , compared with tamoxifen . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Outcome_Adverse-effects, Intervention_Control, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size

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Outcomes of Japanese breast cancer patients treated with pre-operative and post-operative anastrozole or tamoxifen . The present study examined long-term efficacy outcomes in a subgroup of postmenopausal , estrogen receptor-positive Japanese breast cancer patients from the Pre-Operative " Arimidex " Compared with Tamoxifen trial , following pre-operative ( 3 months ) and post-operative ( 5 years ) adjuvant treatment with either anastrozole or tamoxifen . Patients with large , potentially operable , locally-advanced breast cancer were randomized to receive anastrozole ( 1 mg/day ) plus tamoxifen placebo or tamoxifen ( 20 mg/day ) plus anastrozole placebo pre-operatively . After surgery at 3 months , patients continued on the same study medication as adjuvant therapy for up to 5 years or until recurrence , intolerable toxicity or withdrawal of patient consent . Recurrence-free survival and overall survival were measured from the date of randomization to the date of recurrence or death , whichever occurred first . Patients were monitored for adverse events throughout the study period and up to 30 days following administration of the last study medication . During post-operative adjuvant therapy , 4/48 ( 8 % ) anastrozole and 25/49 ( 51 % ) tamoxifen patients experienced recurrence . There was a significant difference in recurrence-free survival between the two groups ( hazard ratio 0.14 ; 95 % confidence interval 0.05-0.41 ; P = 0.0003 ) . There was a significant increase in overall survival with anastrozole ( 0.21 ; 0.05-0.96 ; P = 0.0436 ) and there were 2/48 ( 4 % ) and 10/49 ( 20 % ) deaths with anastrozole and tamoxifen , respectively . Most patients responding to pre-operative therapy remained recurrence-free . Sequential pre-operative/post-operative treatment with anastrozole resulted in lower recurrence and death rates , compared with tamoxifen .

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[ "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Sample-size", "Outcome_Physical", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Control", "Outcome_Adverse-effects" ]

breast cancer patients is a Participant_Condition, pre - operative and post - operative anastrozole or tamoxifen is a Intervention_Pharmacological, efficacy outcomes is a Outcome_Physical, Arimidex is a Intervention_Pharmacological, Tamoxifen is a Intervention_Pharmacological, pre - operative ( 3 months ) and post - operative ( 5 years ) adjuvant treatment is a Intervention_Pharmacological, locally - advanced breast cancer is a Participant_Sample-size, tamoxifen placebo is a Intervention_Control, anastrozole placebo is a Intervention_Control, adjuvant therapy is a Intervention_Pharmacological, recurrence is a Outcome_Physical, Recurrence - free survival is a Outcome_Physical, overall survival is a Outcome_Physical, death is a Outcome_Adverse-effects, adverse events is a Outcome_Adverse-effects, recurrence - free survival is a Outcome_Physical

53056_task1

Sentence: Outcomes of Japanese breast cancer patients treated with pre-operative and post-operative anastrozole or tamoxifen . The present study examined long-term efficacy outcomes in a subgroup of postmenopausal , estrogen receptor-positive Japanese breast cancer patients from the Pre-Operative " Arimidex " Compared with Tamoxifen trial , following pre-operative ( 3 months ) and post-operative ( 5 years ) adjuvant treatment with either anastrozole or tamoxifen . Patients with large , potentially operable , locally-advanced breast cancer were randomized to receive anastrozole ( 1 mg/day ) plus tamoxifen placebo or tamoxifen ( 20 mg/day ) plus anastrozole placebo pre-operatively . After surgery at 3 months , patients continued on the same study medication as adjuvant therapy for up to 5 years or until recurrence , intolerable toxicity or withdrawal of patient consent . Recurrence-free survival and overall survival were measured from the date of randomization to the date of recurrence or death , whichever occurred first . Patients were monitored for adverse events throughout the study period and up to 30 days following administration of the last study medication . During post-operative adjuvant therapy , 4/48 ( 8 % ) anastrozole and 25/49 ( 51 % ) tamoxifen patients experienced recurrence . There was a significant difference in recurrence-free survival between the two groups ( hazard ratio 0.14 ; 95 % confidence interval 0.05-0.41 ; P = 0.0003 ) . There was a significant increase in overall survival with anastrozole ( 0.21 ; 0.05-0.96 ; P = 0.0436 ) and there were 2/48 ( 4 % ) and 10/49 ( 20 % ) deaths with anastrozole and tamoxifen , respectively . Most patients responding to pre-operative therapy remained recurrence-free . Sequential pre-operative/post-operative treatment with anastrozole resulted in lower recurrence and death rates , compared with tamoxifen . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: breast cancer patients, pre - operative and post - operative anastrozole or tamoxifen, efficacy outcomes, Arimidex, Tamoxifen, pre - operative ( 3 months ) and post - operative ( 5 years ) adjuvant treatment, locally - advanced breast cancer, tamoxifen placebo, anastrozole placebo, adjuvant therapy, recurrence, Recurrence - free survival, overall survival, death, adverse events, recurrence - free survival Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Outcome_Adverse-effects, Intervention_Control, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size

[ "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Outcomes of Japanese breast cancer patients treated with pre-operative and post-operative anastrozole or tamoxifen . The present study examined long-term efficacy outcomes in a subgroup of postmenopausal , estrogen receptor-positive Japanese breast cancer patients from the Pre-Operative " Arimidex " Compared with Tamoxifen trial , following pre-operative ( 3 months ) and post-operative ( 5 years ) adjuvant treatment with either anastrozole or tamoxifen . Patients with large , potentially operable , locally-advanced breast cancer were randomized to receive anastrozole ( 1 mg/day ) plus tamoxifen placebo or tamoxifen ( 20 mg/day ) plus anastrozole placebo pre-operatively . After surgery at 3 months , patients continued on the same study medication as adjuvant therapy for up to 5 years or until recurrence , intolerable toxicity or withdrawal of patient consent . Recurrence-free survival and overall survival were measured from the date of randomization to the date of recurrence or death , whichever occurred first . Patients were monitored for adverse events throughout the study period and up to 30 days following administration of the last study medication . During post-operative adjuvant therapy , 4/48 ( 8 % ) anastrozole and 25/49 ( 51 % ) tamoxifen patients experienced recurrence . There was a significant difference in recurrence-free survival between the two groups ( hazard ratio 0.14 ; 95 % confidence interval 0.05-0.41 ; P = 0.0003 ) . There was a significant increase in overall survival with anastrozole ( 0.21 ; 0.05-0.96 ; P = 0.0436 ) and there were 2/48 ( 4 % ) and 10/49 ( 20 % ) deaths with anastrozole and tamoxifen , respectively . Most patients responding to pre-operative therapy remained recurrence-free . Sequential pre-operative/post-operative treatment with anastrozole resulted in lower recurrence and death rates , compared with tamoxifen .

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[ "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Sample-size", "Outcome_Physical", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Control", "Outcome_Adverse-effects" ]

breast cancer patients, pre - operative and post - operative anastrozole or tamoxifen, efficacy outcomes, Arimidex, Tamoxifen, pre - operative ( 3 months ) and post - operative ( 5 years ) adjuvant treatment, locally - advanced breast cancer, tamoxifen placebo, anastrozole placebo, adjuvant therapy, recurrence, Recurrence - free survival, overall survival, death, adverse events, recurrence - free survival

53056_task2

Sentence: Outcomes of Japanese breast cancer patients treated with pre-operative and post-operative anastrozole or tamoxifen . The present study examined long-term efficacy outcomes in a subgroup of postmenopausal , estrogen receptor-positive Japanese breast cancer patients from the Pre-Operative " Arimidex " Compared with Tamoxifen trial , following pre-operative ( 3 months ) and post-operative ( 5 years ) adjuvant treatment with either anastrozole or tamoxifen . Patients with large , potentially operable , locally-advanced breast cancer were randomized to receive anastrozole ( 1 mg/day ) plus tamoxifen placebo or tamoxifen ( 20 mg/day ) plus anastrozole placebo pre-operatively . After surgery at 3 months , patients continued on the same study medication as adjuvant therapy for up to 5 years or until recurrence , intolerable toxicity or withdrawal of patient consent . Recurrence-free survival and overall survival were measured from the date of randomization to the date of recurrence or death , whichever occurred first . Patients were monitored for adverse events throughout the study period and up to 30 days following administration of the last study medication . During post-operative adjuvant therapy , 4/48 ( 8 % ) anastrozole and 25/49 ( 51 % ) tamoxifen patients experienced recurrence . There was a significant difference in recurrence-free survival between the two groups ( hazard ratio 0.14 ; 95 % confidence interval 0.05-0.41 ; P = 0.0003 ) . There was a significant increase in overall survival with anastrozole ( 0.21 ; 0.05-0.96 ; P = 0.0436 ) and there were 2/48 ( 4 % ) and 10/49 ( 20 % ) deaths with anastrozole and tamoxifen , respectively . Most patients responding to pre-operative therapy remained recurrence-free . Sequential pre-operative/post-operative treatment with anastrozole resulted in lower recurrence and death rates , compared with tamoxifen . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Outcomes of Japanese breast cancer patients treated with pre-operative and post-operative anastrozole or tamoxifen . The present study examined long-term efficacy outcomes in a subgroup of postmenopausal , estrogen receptor-positive Japanese breast cancer patients from the Pre-Operative " Arimidex " Compared with Tamoxifen trial , following pre-operative ( 3 months ) and post-operative ( 5 years ) adjuvant treatment with either anastrozole or tamoxifen . Patients with large , potentially operable , locally-advanced breast cancer were randomized to receive anastrozole ( 1 mg/day ) plus tamoxifen placebo or tamoxifen ( 20 mg/day ) plus anastrozole placebo pre-operatively . After surgery at 3 months , patients continued on the same study medication as adjuvant therapy for up to 5 years or until recurrence , intolerable toxicity or withdrawal of patient consent . Recurrence-free survival and overall survival were measured from the date of randomization to the date of recurrence or death , whichever occurred first . Patients were monitored for adverse events throughout the study period and up to 30 days following administration of the last study medication . During post-operative adjuvant therapy , 4/48 ( 8 % ) anastrozole and 25/49 ( 51 % ) tamoxifen patients experienced recurrence . There was a significant difference in recurrence-free survival between the two groups ( hazard ratio 0.14 ; 95 % confidence interval 0.05-0.41 ; P = 0.0003 ) . There was a significant increase in overall survival with anastrozole ( 0.21 ; 0.05-0.96 ; P = 0.0436 ) and there were 2/48 ( 4 % ) and 10/49 ( 20 % ) deaths with anastrozole and tamoxifen , respectively . Most patients responding to pre-operative therapy remained recurrence-free . Sequential pre-operative/post-operative treatment with anastrozole resulted in lower recurrence and death rates , compared with tamoxifen .

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[ "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Sample-size", "Outcome_Physical", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Control", "Outcome_Adverse-effects" ]

organ is a Organ, lipoplex is a Drug_or_compound, serum is a Organism_substance, murine is a Organism, lipoplexes is a Drug_or_compound, mice is a Organism, lungs is a Organ, lipoplexes is a Drug_or_compound, lung vascular tree is a Multi-tissue_structure, organs is a Organ, mouse is a Organism, tissue is a Tissue, liver is a Organ, Tail vein is a Multi-tissue_structure, N-(1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl)-N , N , N - trimethylammonium chloride ( DOTAP)/cholesterol lipoplexes is a Drug_or_compound, lipoplex is a Drug_or_compound, liver is a Organ, luciferase is a Gene_or_gene_product, lipoplex is a Drug_or_compound, organ is a Organ, lipoplexes is a Drug_or_compound, lungs is a Organ, serum is a Organism_substance, lung is a Organ, DOTAP is a Drug_or_compound, lipoplex is a Drug_or_compound, serum is a Organism_substance, lipid is a Drug_or_compound, lipoplexes is a Drug_or_compound, lipoplexes is a Drug_or_compound, cholesterol is a Drug_or_compound, lung cells is a Cell, lipoplexes is a Drug_or_compound, serum is a Organism_substance, cholesterol - based lipoplexes is a Drug_or_compound, Dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine - based lipoplexes is a Drug_or_compound, serum is a Organism_substance, lipoplex is a Drug_or_compound, serum is a Organism_substance, tissue is a Tissue

42_task0

Sentence: The role of organ vascularization and lipoplex-serum initial contact in intravenous murine lipofection. Following intravenous administration of cationic lipid-DNA complexes (lipoplexes) into mice, transfection (lipofection) occurs predominantly in the lungs. This was attributed to high entrapment of lipoplexes in the extended lung vascular tree. To determine whether lipofection in other organs could be enhanced by increasing the degree of vascularization, we used a transgenic mouse model with tissue-specific angiogenesis in liver. Tail vein injection of N-(1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride (DOTAP)/cholesterol lipoplexes resulted in increased lipoplex entrapment in hypervascularized liver but did not boost luciferase expression, suggesting that lipoplex delivery is not a sufficient condition for efficient organ lipofection. Because the intravenously injected lipoplexes migrated within seconds to lungs, we checked whether the effects of immediate contact with serum correlate with lung lipofection efficiency of different DOTAP-based formulations. Under conditions mimicking the injection environment, the lipoplex-serum interaction was strongly dependent on helper lipid and ionic strength: lipoplexes prepared in 150 mM NaCl or lipoplexes with high ( greater than 33 mol%) cholesterol were found to aggregate immediately. This aggregation process was irreversible and was inversely correlated with the percentage of lung cells that took up lipoplexes and with the efficiency of lipofection. No other structural changes in serum were observed for cholesterol-based lipoplexes. Dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine-based lipoplexes were found to give low expression, apparently because of an immediate loss of integrity in serum, without lipid-DNA dissociation. Our study suggests that efficient in vivo lipofection is the result of cross-talk between lipoplex composition, interaction with serum, hemodynamics, and target tissue "susceptibility" to transfection. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Tissue, Cell, Organ, Gene_or_gene_product, Organism, Drug_or_compound, Multi-tissue_structure, Organism_substance

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The role of organ vascularization and lipoplex-serum initial contact in intravenous murine lipofection. Following intravenous administration of cationic lipid-DNA complexes (lipoplexes) into mice, transfection (lipofection) occurs predominantly in the lungs. This was attributed to high entrapment of lipoplexes in the extended lung vascular tree. To determine whether lipofection in other organs could be enhanced by increasing the degree of vascularization, we used a transgenic mouse model with tissue-specific angiogenesis in liver. Tail vein injection of N-(1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride (DOTAP)/cholesterol lipoplexes resulted in increased lipoplex entrapment in hypervascularized liver but did not boost luciferase expression, suggesting that lipoplex delivery is not a sufficient condition for efficient organ lipofection. Because the intravenously injected lipoplexes migrated within seconds to lungs, we checked whether the effects of immediate contact with serum correlate with lung lipofection efficiency of different DOTAP-based formulations. Under conditions mimicking the injection environment, the lipoplex-serum interaction was strongly dependent on helper lipid and ionic strength: lipoplexes prepared in 150 mM NaCl or lipoplexes with high ( greater than 33 mol%) cholesterol were found to aggregate immediately. This aggregation process was irreversible and was inversely correlated with the percentage of lung cells that took up lipoplexes and with the efficiency of lipofection. No other structural changes in serum were observed for cholesterol-based lipoplexes. Dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine-based lipoplexes were found to give low expression, apparently because of an immediate loss of integrity in serum, without lipid-DNA dissociation. Our study suggests that efficient in vivo lipofection is the result of cross-talk between lipoplex composition, interaction with serum, hemodynamics, and target tissue "susceptibility" to transfection.

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[ "Drug_or_compound", "Multi-tissue_structure", "Cell", "Gene_or_gene_product", "Organism", "Organ", "Tissue", "Organism_substance" ]

organ is a Organ, lipoplex is a Drug_or_compound, serum is a Organism_substance, murine is a Organism, lipoplexes is a Drug_or_compound, mice is a Organism, lungs is a Organ, lipoplexes is a Drug_or_compound, lung vascular tree is a Multi-tissue_structure, organs is a Organ, mouse is a Organism, tissue is a Tissue, liver is a Organ, Tail vein is a Multi-tissue_structure, N-(1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl)-N , N , N - trimethylammonium chloride ( DOTAP)/cholesterol lipoplexes is a Drug_or_compound, lipoplex is a Drug_or_compound, liver is a Organ, luciferase is a Gene_or_gene_product, lipoplex is a Drug_or_compound, organ is a Organ, lipoplexes is a Drug_or_compound, lungs is a Organ, serum is a Organism_substance, lung is a Organ, DOTAP is a Drug_or_compound, lipoplex is a Drug_or_compound, serum is a Organism_substance, lipid is a Drug_or_compound, lipoplexes is a Drug_or_compound, lipoplexes is a Drug_or_compound, cholesterol is a Drug_or_compound, lung cells is a Cell, lipoplexes is a Drug_or_compound, serum is a Organism_substance, cholesterol - based lipoplexes is a Drug_or_compound, Dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine - based lipoplexes is a Drug_or_compound, serum is a Organism_substance, lipoplex is a Drug_or_compound, serum is a Organism_substance, tissue is a Tissue

42_task1

Sentence: The role of organ vascularization and lipoplex-serum initial contact in intravenous murine lipofection. Following intravenous administration of cationic lipid-DNA complexes (lipoplexes) into mice, transfection (lipofection) occurs predominantly in the lungs. This was attributed to high entrapment of lipoplexes in the extended lung vascular tree. To determine whether lipofection in other organs could be enhanced by increasing the degree of vascularization, we used a transgenic mouse model with tissue-specific angiogenesis in liver. Tail vein injection of N-(1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride (DOTAP)/cholesterol lipoplexes resulted in increased lipoplex entrapment in hypervascularized liver but did not boost luciferase expression, suggesting that lipoplex delivery is not a sufficient condition for efficient organ lipofection. Because the intravenously injected lipoplexes migrated within seconds to lungs, we checked whether the effects of immediate contact with serum correlate with lung lipofection efficiency of different DOTAP-based formulations. Under conditions mimicking the injection environment, the lipoplex-serum interaction was strongly dependent on helper lipid and ionic strength: lipoplexes prepared in 150 mM NaCl or lipoplexes with high ( greater than 33 mol%) cholesterol were found to aggregate immediately. This aggregation process was irreversible and was inversely correlated with the percentage of lung cells that took up lipoplexes and with the efficiency of lipofection. No other structural changes in serum were observed for cholesterol-based lipoplexes. Dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine-based lipoplexes were found to give low expression, apparently because of an immediate loss of integrity in serum, without lipid-DNA dissociation. Our study suggests that efficient in vivo lipofection is the result of cross-talk between lipoplex composition, interaction with serum, hemodynamics, and target tissue "susceptibility" to transfection. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: organ, lipoplex, serum, murine, lipoplexes, mice, lungs, lipoplexes, lung vascular tree, organs, mouse, tissue, liver, Tail vein, N-(1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl)-N , N , N - trimethylammonium chloride ( DOTAP)/cholesterol lipoplexes, lipoplex, liver, luciferase, lipoplex, organ, lipoplexes, lungs, serum, lung, DOTAP, lipoplex, serum, lipid, lipoplexes, lipoplexes, cholesterol, lung cells, lipoplexes, serum, cholesterol - based lipoplexes, Dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine - based lipoplexes, serum, lipoplex, serum, tissue Options: Tissue, Cell, Organ, Gene_or_gene_product, Organism, Drug_or_compound, Multi-tissue_structure, Organism_substance

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The role of organ vascularization and lipoplex-serum initial contact in intravenous murine lipofection. Following intravenous administration of cationic lipid-DNA complexes (lipoplexes) into mice, transfection (lipofection) occurs predominantly in the lungs. This was attributed to high entrapment of lipoplexes in the extended lung vascular tree. To determine whether lipofection in other organs could be enhanced by increasing the degree of vascularization, we used a transgenic mouse model with tissue-specific angiogenesis in liver. Tail vein injection of N-(1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride (DOTAP)/cholesterol lipoplexes resulted in increased lipoplex entrapment in hypervascularized liver but did not boost luciferase expression, suggesting that lipoplex delivery is not a sufficient condition for efficient organ lipofection. Because the intravenously injected lipoplexes migrated within seconds to lungs, we checked whether the effects of immediate contact with serum correlate with lung lipofection efficiency of different DOTAP-based formulations. Under conditions mimicking the injection environment, the lipoplex-serum interaction was strongly dependent on helper lipid and ionic strength: lipoplexes prepared in 150 mM NaCl or lipoplexes with high ( greater than 33 mol%) cholesterol were found to aggregate immediately. This aggregation process was irreversible and was inversely correlated with the percentage of lung cells that took up lipoplexes and with the efficiency of lipofection. No other structural changes in serum were observed for cholesterol-based lipoplexes. Dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine-based lipoplexes were found to give low expression, apparently because of an immediate loss of integrity in serum, without lipid-DNA dissociation. Our study suggests that efficient in vivo lipofection is the result of cross-talk between lipoplex composition, interaction with serum, hemodynamics, and target tissue "susceptibility" to transfection.

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[ "Drug_or_compound", "Multi-tissue_structure", "Cell", "Gene_or_gene_product", "Organism", "Organ", "Tissue", "Organism_substance" ]

organ, lipoplex, serum, murine, lipoplexes, mice, lungs, lipoplexes, lung vascular tree, organs, mouse, tissue, liver, Tail vein, N-(1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl)-N , N , N - trimethylammonium chloride ( DOTAP)/cholesterol lipoplexes, lipoplex, liver, luciferase, lipoplex, organ, lipoplexes, lungs, serum, lung, DOTAP, lipoplex, serum, lipid, lipoplexes, lipoplexes, cholesterol, lung cells, lipoplexes, serum, cholesterol - based lipoplexes, Dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine - based lipoplexes, serum, lipoplex, serum, tissue

42_task2

Sentence: The role of organ vascularization and lipoplex-serum initial contact in intravenous murine lipofection. Following intravenous administration of cationic lipid-DNA complexes (lipoplexes) into mice, transfection (lipofection) occurs predominantly in the lungs. This was attributed to high entrapment of lipoplexes in the extended lung vascular tree. To determine whether lipofection in other organs could be enhanced by increasing the degree of vascularization, we used a transgenic mouse model with tissue-specific angiogenesis in liver. Tail vein injection of N-(1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride (DOTAP)/cholesterol lipoplexes resulted in increased lipoplex entrapment in hypervascularized liver but did not boost luciferase expression, suggesting that lipoplex delivery is not a sufficient condition for efficient organ lipofection. Because the intravenously injected lipoplexes migrated within seconds to lungs, we checked whether the effects of immediate contact with serum correlate with lung lipofection efficiency of different DOTAP-based formulations. Under conditions mimicking the injection environment, the lipoplex-serum interaction was strongly dependent on helper lipid and ionic strength: lipoplexes prepared in 150 mM NaCl or lipoplexes with high ( greater than 33 mol%) cholesterol were found to aggregate immediately. This aggregation process was irreversible and was inversely correlated with the percentage of lung cells that took up lipoplexes and with the efficiency of lipofection. No other structural changes in serum were observed for cholesterol-based lipoplexes. Dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine-based lipoplexes were found to give low expression, apparently because of an immediate loss of integrity in serum, without lipid-DNA dissociation. Our study suggests that efficient in vivo lipofection is the result of cross-talk between lipoplex composition, interaction with serum, hemodynamics, and target tissue "susceptibility" to transfection. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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The role of organ vascularization and lipoplex-serum initial contact in intravenous murine lipofection. Following intravenous administration of cationic lipid-DNA complexes (lipoplexes) into mice, transfection (lipofection) occurs predominantly in the lungs. This was attributed to high entrapment of lipoplexes in the extended lung vascular tree. To determine whether lipofection in other organs could be enhanced by increasing the degree of vascularization, we used a transgenic mouse model with tissue-specific angiogenesis in liver. Tail vein injection of N-(1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride (DOTAP)/cholesterol lipoplexes resulted in increased lipoplex entrapment in hypervascularized liver but did not boost luciferase expression, suggesting that lipoplex delivery is not a sufficient condition for efficient organ lipofection. Because the intravenously injected lipoplexes migrated within seconds to lungs, we checked whether the effects of immediate contact with serum correlate with lung lipofection efficiency of different DOTAP-based formulations. Under conditions mimicking the injection environment, the lipoplex-serum interaction was strongly dependent on helper lipid and ionic strength: lipoplexes prepared in 150 mM NaCl or lipoplexes with high ( greater than 33 mol%) cholesterol were found to aggregate immediately. This aggregation process was irreversible and was inversely correlated with the percentage of lung cells that took up lipoplexes and with the efficiency of lipofection. No other structural changes in serum were observed for cholesterol-based lipoplexes. Dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine-based lipoplexes were found to give low expression, apparently because of an immediate loss of integrity in serum, without lipid-DNA dissociation. Our study suggests that efficient in vivo lipofection is the result of cross-talk between lipoplex composition, interaction with serum, hemodynamics, and target tissue "susceptibility" to transfection.

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[ "Drug_or_compound", "Multi-tissue_structure", "Cell", "Gene_or_gene_product", "Organism", "Organ", "Tissue", "Organism_substance" ]

relapse of NSCLC is a Outcome_Physical, second - line chemotherapy is a Intervention_Physical, platinum - based regimen is a Intervention_Pharmacological, mono chemotherapy docetaxel is a Intervention_Pharmacological, docetaxel cisplatin doublet is a Intervention_Pharmacological, docetaxel alone is a Intervention_Pharmacological, progression free survival is a Outcome_Mortality

34599_task0

Sentence: [ How to treat the relapse of NSCLC after surgery and chemotherapy ? IFTC 0702 randomized phase III study ] . BACKGROUND As chemotherapy gains wider acceptance for the treatment of earlier stages of NSCLC , particularly in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting , physicians face a growing population of high performance status patients who have relapsed after their first-line chemotherapy . The type of second-line chemotherapy after initial adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment with a platinum-based regimen remains largely undefined . The current study has been designed to compare the classical mono chemotherapy docetaxel with a docetaxel cisplatin doublet . METHODS Patients will be randomized in 2 arms . Arm : docetaxel cisplatin ( cycles repeated every 21 days ) , 4 cycles followed by 2 cycles of docetaxel alone in case of objective response or stabilisation . Arm B : docetaxel alone ( cycles repeated every 21 days ) , 4 cycles followed by 2 cycles of docetaxel alone in case of objective response or stabilisation . EXPECTED RESULTS 300 patients will be randomized with a statistical hypothesis of a progression free survival of 3 months in the control arm and of 4.5 months in the experimental arm . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Physical, Intervention_Pharmacological, Outcome_Physical, Outcome_Mortality

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mortality", "I-Outcome_Mortality", "I-Outcome_Mortality", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

[ How to treat the relapse of NSCLC after surgery and chemotherapy ? IFTC 0702 randomized phase III study ] . BACKGROUND As chemotherapy gains wider acceptance for the treatment of earlier stages of NSCLC , particularly in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting , physicians face a growing population of high performance status patients who have relapsed after their first-line chemotherapy . The type of second-line chemotherapy after initial adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment with a platinum-based regimen remains largely undefined . The current study has been designed to compare the classical mono chemotherapy docetaxel with a docetaxel cisplatin doublet . METHODS Patients will be randomized in 2 arms . Arm : docetaxel cisplatin ( cycles repeated every 21 days ) , 4 cycles followed by 2 cycles of docetaxel alone in case of objective response or stabilisation . Arm B : docetaxel alone ( cycles repeated every 21 days ) , 4 cycles followed by 2 cycles of docetaxel alone in case of objective response or stabilisation . EXPECTED RESULTS 300 patients will be randomized with a statistical hypothesis of a progression free survival of 3 months in the control arm and of 4.5 months in the experimental arm .

[ "[", "How", "to", "treat", "the", "relapse", "of", "NSCLC", "after", "surgery", "and", "chemotherapy", "?", "IFTC", "0702", "randomized", "phase", "III", "study", "]", ".", "BACKGROUND", "As", "chemotherapy", "gains", "wider", "acceptance", "for", "the", "treatment", "of", "earlier", "stages", "of", "NSCLC", ",", "particularly", "in", "the", "adjuvant", "and", "neoadjuvant", "setting", ",", "physicians", "face", "a", "growing", "population", "of", "high", "performance", "status", "patients", "who", "have", "relapsed", "after", "their", "first", "-", "line", "chemotherapy", ".", "The", "type", "of", "second", "-", "line", "chemotherapy", "after", "initial", "adjuvant", "or", "neoadjuvant", "treatment", "with", "a", "platinum", "-", "based", "regimen", "remains", "largely", "undefined", ".", "The", "current", "study", "has", "been", "designed", "to", "compare", "the", "classical", "mono", "chemotherapy", "docetaxel", "with", "a", "docetaxel", "cisplatin", "doublet", ".", "METHODS", "Patients", "will", "be", "randomized", "in", "2", "arms", ".", "Arm", ":", "docetaxel", "cisplatin", "(", "cycles", "repeated", "every", "21", "days", ")", ",", "4", "cycles", "followed", "by", "2", "cycles", "of", "docetaxel", "alone", "in", "case", "of", "objective", "response", "or", "stabilisation", ".", "Arm", "B", ":", "docetaxel", "alone", "(", "cycles", "repeated", "every", "21", "days", ")", ",", "4", "cycles", "followed", "by", "2", "cycles", "of", "docetaxel", "alone", "in", "case", "of", "objective", "response", "or", "stabilisation", ".", "EXPECTED", "RESULTS", "300", "patients", "will", "be", "randomized", "with", "a", "statistical", "hypothesis", "of", "a", "progression", "free", "survival", "of", "3", "months", "in", "the", "control", "arm", "and", "of", "4.5", "months", "in", "the", "experimental", "arm", "." ]

[ "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Outcome_Mortality", "Intervention_Physical", "Outcome_Physical" ]

relapse of NSCLC is a Outcome_Physical, second - line chemotherapy is a Intervention_Physical, platinum - based regimen is a Intervention_Pharmacological, mono chemotherapy docetaxel is a Intervention_Pharmacological, docetaxel cisplatin doublet is a Intervention_Pharmacological, docetaxel alone is a Intervention_Pharmacological, progression free survival is a Outcome_Mortality

34599_task1

Sentence: [ How to treat the relapse of NSCLC after surgery and chemotherapy ? IFTC 0702 randomized phase III study ] . BACKGROUND As chemotherapy gains wider acceptance for the treatment of earlier stages of NSCLC , particularly in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting , physicians face a growing population of high performance status patients who have relapsed after their first-line chemotherapy . The type of second-line chemotherapy after initial adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment with a platinum-based regimen remains largely undefined . The current study has been designed to compare the classical mono chemotherapy docetaxel with a docetaxel cisplatin doublet . METHODS Patients will be randomized in 2 arms . Arm : docetaxel cisplatin ( cycles repeated every 21 days ) , 4 cycles followed by 2 cycles of docetaxel alone in case of objective response or stabilisation . Arm B : docetaxel alone ( cycles repeated every 21 days ) , 4 cycles followed by 2 cycles of docetaxel alone in case of objective response or stabilisation . EXPECTED RESULTS 300 patients will be randomized with a statistical hypothesis of a progression free survival of 3 months in the control arm and of 4.5 months in the experimental arm . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: relapse of NSCLC, second - line chemotherapy, platinum - based regimen, mono chemotherapy docetaxel, docetaxel cisplatin doublet, docetaxel alone, progression free survival Options: Intervention_Physical, Intervention_Pharmacological, Outcome_Physical, Outcome_Mortality

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mortality", "I-Outcome_Mortality", "I-Outcome_Mortality", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

[ How to treat the relapse of NSCLC after surgery and chemotherapy ? IFTC 0702 randomized phase III study ] . BACKGROUND As chemotherapy gains wider acceptance for the treatment of earlier stages of NSCLC , particularly in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting , physicians face a growing population of high performance status patients who have relapsed after their first-line chemotherapy . The type of second-line chemotherapy after initial adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment with a platinum-based regimen remains largely undefined . The current study has been designed to compare the classical mono chemotherapy docetaxel with a docetaxel cisplatin doublet . METHODS Patients will be randomized in 2 arms . Arm : docetaxel cisplatin ( cycles repeated every 21 days ) , 4 cycles followed by 2 cycles of docetaxel alone in case of objective response or stabilisation . Arm B : docetaxel alone ( cycles repeated every 21 days ) , 4 cycles followed by 2 cycles of docetaxel alone in case of objective response or stabilisation . EXPECTED RESULTS 300 patients will be randomized with a statistical hypothesis of a progression free survival of 3 months in the control arm and of 4.5 months in the experimental arm .

[ "[", "How", "to", "treat", "the", "relapse", "of", "NSCLC", "after", "surgery", "and", "chemotherapy", "?", "IFTC", "0702", "randomized", "phase", "III", "study", "]", ".", "BACKGROUND", "As", "chemotherapy", "gains", "wider", "acceptance", "for", "the", "treatment", "of", "earlier", "stages", "of", "NSCLC", ",", "particularly", "in", "the", "adjuvant", "and", "neoadjuvant", "setting", ",", "physicians", "face", "a", "growing", "population", "of", "high", "performance", "status", "patients", "who", "have", "relapsed", "after", "their", "first", "-", "line", "chemotherapy", ".", "The", "type", "of", "second", "-", "line", "chemotherapy", "after", "initial", "adjuvant", "or", "neoadjuvant", "treatment", "with", "a", "platinum", "-", "based", "regimen", "remains", "largely", "undefined", ".", "The", "current", "study", "has", "been", "designed", "to", "compare", "the", "classical", "mono", "chemotherapy", "docetaxel", "with", "a", "docetaxel", "cisplatin", "doublet", ".", "METHODS", "Patients", "will", "be", "randomized", "in", "2", "arms", ".", "Arm", ":", "docetaxel", "cisplatin", "(", "cycles", "repeated", "every", "21", "days", ")", ",", "4", "cycles", "followed", "by", "2", "cycles", "of", "docetaxel", "alone", "in", "case", "of", "objective", "response", "or", "stabilisation", ".", "Arm", "B", ":", "docetaxel", "alone", "(", "cycles", "repeated", "every", "21", "days", ")", ",", "4", "cycles", "followed", "by", "2", "cycles", "of", "docetaxel", "alone", "in", "case", "of", "objective", "response", "or", "stabilisation", ".", "EXPECTED", "RESULTS", "300", "patients", "will", "be", "randomized", "with", "a", "statistical", "hypothesis", "of", "a", "progression", "free", "survival", "of", "3", "months", "in", "the", "control", "arm", "and", "of", "4.5", "months", "in", "the", "experimental", "arm", "." ]

[ "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Outcome_Mortality", "Intervention_Physical", "Outcome_Physical" ]

relapse of NSCLC, second - line chemotherapy, platinum - based regimen, mono chemotherapy docetaxel, docetaxel cisplatin doublet, docetaxel alone, progression free survival

34599_task2

Sentence: [ How to treat the relapse of NSCLC after surgery and chemotherapy ? IFTC 0702 randomized phase III study ] . BACKGROUND As chemotherapy gains wider acceptance for the treatment of earlier stages of NSCLC , particularly in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting , physicians face a growing population of high performance status patients who have relapsed after their first-line chemotherapy . The type of second-line chemotherapy after initial adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment with a platinum-based regimen remains largely undefined . The current study has been designed to compare the classical mono chemotherapy docetaxel with a docetaxel cisplatin doublet . METHODS Patients will be randomized in 2 arms . Arm : docetaxel cisplatin ( cycles repeated every 21 days ) , 4 cycles followed by 2 cycles of docetaxel alone in case of objective response or stabilisation . Arm B : docetaxel alone ( cycles repeated every 21 days ) , 4 cycles followed by 2 cycles of docetaxel alone in case of objective response or stabilisation . EXPECTED RESULTS 300 patients will be randomized with a statistical hypothesis of a progression free survival of 3 months in the control arm and of 4.5 months in the experimental arm . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mortality", "I-Outcome_Mortality", "I-Outcome_Mortality", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

[ How to treat the relapse of NSCLC after surgery and chemotherapy ? IFTC 0702 randomized phase III study ] . BACKGROUND As chemotherapy gains wider acceptance for the treatment of earlier stages of NSCLC , particularly in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting , physicians face a growing population of high performance status patients who have relapsed after their first-line chemotherapy . The type of second-line chemotherapy after initial adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment with a platinum-based regimen remains largely undefined . The current study has been designed to compare the classical mono chemotherapy docetaxel with a docetaxel cisplatin doublet . METHODS Patients will be randomized in 2 arms . Arm : docetaxel cisplatin ( cycles repeated every 21 days ) , 4 cycles followed by 2 cycles of docetaxel alone in case of objective response or stabilisation . Arm B : docetaxel alone ( cycles repeated every 21 days ) , 4 cycles followed by 2 cycles of docetaxel alone in case of objective response or stabilisation . EXPECTED RESULTS 300 patients will be randomized with a statistical hypothesis of a progression free survival of 3 months in the control arm and of 4.5 months in the experimental arm .

[ "[", "How", "to", "treat", "the", "relapse", "of", "NSCLC", "after", "surgery", "and", "chemotherapy", "?", "IFTC", "0702", "randomized", "phase", "III", "study", "]", ".", "BACKGROUND", "As", "chemotherapy", "gains", "wider", "acceptance", "for", "the", "treatment", "of", "earlier", "stages", "of", "NSCLC", ",", "particularly", "in", "the", "adjuvant", "and", "neoadjuvant", "setting", ",", "physicians", "face", "a", "growing", "population", "of", "high", "performance", "status", "patients", "who", "have", "relapsed", "after", "their", "first", "-", "line", "chemotherapy", ".", "The", "type", "of", "second", "-", "line", "chemotherapy", "after", "initial", "adjuvant", "or", "neoadjuvant", "treatment", "with", "a", "platinum", "-", "based", "regimen", "remains", "largely", "undefined", ".", "The", "current", "study", "has", "been", "designed", "to", "compare", "the", "classical", "mono", "chemotherapy", "docetaxel", "with", "a", "docetaxel", "cisplatin", "doublet", ".", "METHODS", "Patients", "will", "be", "randomized", "in", "2", "arms", ".", "Arm", ":", "docetaxel", "cisplatin", "(", "cycles", "repeated", "every", "21", "days", ")", ",", "4", "cycles", "followed", "by", "2", "cycles", "of", "docetaxel", "alone", "in", "case", "of", "objective", "response", "or", "stabilisation", ".", "Arm", "B", ":", "docetaxel", "alone", "(", "cycles", "repeated", "every", "21", "days", ")", ",", "4", "cycles", "followed", "by", "2", "cycles", "of", "docetaxel", "alone", "in", "case", "of", "objective", "response", "or", "stabilisation", ".", "EXPECTED", "RESULTS", "300", "patients", "will", "be", "randomized", "with", "a", "statistical", "hypothesis", "of", "a", "progression", "free", "survival", "of", "3", "months", "in", "the", "control", "arm", "and", "of", "4.5", "months", "in", "the", "experimental", "arm", "." ]

[ "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Outcome_Mortality", "Intervention_Physical", "Outcome_Physical" ]

Clinical is a Qualifier, radiologic diagnosis is a Qualifier, primary knee osteoarthritis is a Condition, Kellgren & Lawrence is a Measurement, I , II or III is a Value, Chronic pain is a Condition, at least 3 months prior is a Temporal, inclusion is a Reference_point, measured by VAS is a Qualifier, VAS is a Measurement, 4 or above is a Value, Absence is a Negation, skin injures is a Condition, infections is a Condition, tumor is a Condition, target knee is a Reference_point

NCT02904785_inc_task0

Sentence: Clinical and radiologic diagnosis of primary knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren & Lawrence I, II or III); Capability to understand the Informed Consent Form; Chronic pain for at least 3 months prior to inclusion, measured by VAS. (VAS 4 or above); Absence of skin injures, infections or tumor in the target knee; Availability to comply with the visits. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Temporal, Condition, Qualifier, Value, Negation, Reference_point, Measurement

[ "B-Qualifier", "O", "B-Qualifier", "I-Qualifier", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "O", "B-Reference_point", "O", "B-Qualifier", "I-Qualifier", "I-Qualifier", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "O", "O", "O", "B-Negation", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "O", "B-Reference_point", "I-Reference_point", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Clinical and radiologic diagnosis of primary knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren & Lawrence I, II or III); Capability to understand the Informed Consent Form; Chronic pain for at least 3 months prior to inclusion, measured by VAS. (VAS 4 or above); Absence of skin injures, infections or tumor in the target knee; Availability to comply with the visits.

[ "Clinical", "and", "radiologic", "diagnosis", "of", "primary", "knee", "osteoarthritis", "(", "Kellgren", "&", "Lawrence", "I", ",", "II", "or", "III", ")", ";", "\n", "Capability", "to", "understand", "the", "Informed", "Consent", "Form", ";", "\n", "Chronic", "pain", "for", "at", "least", "3", "months", "prior", "to", "inclusion", ",", "measured", "by", "VAS", ".", "(", "VAS", "4", "or", "above", ")", ";", "\n", "Absence", "of", "skin", "injures", ",", "infections", "or", "tumor", "in", "the", "target", "knee", ";", "\n", "Availability", "to", "comply", "with", "the", "visits", ".", "\n" ]

[ "Condition", "Temporal", "Qualifier", "Measurement", "Value", "Reference_point", "Negation", "Procedure" ]

Clinical is a Qualifier, radiologic diagnosis is a Qualifier, primary knee osteoarthritis is a Condition, Kellgren & Lawrence is a Measurement, I , II or III is a Value, Chronic pain is a Condition, at least 3 months prior is a Temporal, inclusion is a Reference_point, measured by VAS is a Qualifier, VAS is a Measurement, 4 or above is a Value, Absence is a Negation, skin injures is a Condition, infections is a Condition, tumor is a Condition, target knee is a Reference_point

NCT02904785_inc_task1

Sentence: Clinical and radiologic diagnosis of primary knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren & Lawrence I, II or III); Capability to understand the Informed Consent Form; Chronic pain for at least 3 months prior to inclusion, measured by VAS. (VAS 4 or above); Absence of skin injures, infections or tumor in the target knee; Availability to comply with the visits. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Clinical, radiologic diagnosis, primary knee osteoarthritis, Kellgren & Lawrence, I , II or III, Chronic pain, at least 3 months prior, inclusion, measured by VAS, VAS, 4 or above, Absence, skin injures, infections, tumor, target knee Options: Temporal, Condition, Qualifier, Value, Negation, Reference_point, Measurement

[ "B-Qualifier", "O", "B-Qualifier", "I-Qualifier", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "O", "B-Reference_point", "O", "B-Qualifier", "I-Qualifier", "I-Qualifier", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "O", "O", "O", "B-Negation", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "O", "B-Reference_point", "I-Reference_point", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Clinical and radiologic diagnosis of primary knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren & Lawrence I, II or III); Capability to understand the Informed Consent Form; Chronic pain for at least 3 months prior to inclusion, measured by VAS. (VAS 4 or above); Absence of skin injures, infections or tumor in the target knee; Availability to comply with the visits.

[ "Clinical", "and", "radiologic", "diagnosis", "of", "primary", "knee", "osteoarthritis", "(", "Kellgren", "&", "Lawrence", "I", ",", "II", "or", "III", ")", ";", "\n", "Capability", "to", "understand", "the", "Informed", "Consent", "Form", ";", "\n", "Chronic", "pain", "for", "at", "least", "3", "months", "prior", "to", "inclusion", ",", "measured", "by", "VAS", ".", "(", "VAS", "4", "or", "above", ")", ";", "\n", "Absence", "of", "skin", "injures", ",", "infections", "or", "tumor", "in", "the", "target", "knee", ";", "\n", "Availability", "to", "comply", "with", "the", "visits", ".", "\n" ]

[ "Condition", "Temporal", "Qualifier", "Measurement", "Value", "Reference_point", "Negation", "Procedure" ]

Clinical, radiologic diagnosis, primary knee osteoarthritis, Kellgren & Lawrence, I , II or III, Chronic pain, at least 3 months prior, inclusion, measured by VAS, VAS, 4 or above, Absence, skin injures, infections, tumor, target knee

NCT02904785_inc_task2

Sentence: Clinical and radiologic diagnosis of primary knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren & Lawrence I, II or III); Capability to understand the Informed Consent Form; Chronic pain for at least 3 months prior to inclusion, measured by VAS. (VAS 4 or above); Absence of skin injures, infections or tumor in the target knee; Availability to comply with the visits. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Clinical and radiologic diagnosis of primary knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren & Lawrence I, II or III); Capability to understand the Informed Consent Form; Chronic pain for at least 3 months prior to inclusion, measured by VAS. (VAS 4 or above); Absence of skin injures, infections or tumor in the target knee; Availability to comply with the visits.

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[ "Condition", "Temporal", "Qualifier", "Measurement", "Value", "Reference_point", "Negation", "Procedure" ]

Haematopoese is an umlsterm, Gleichgewichts is an umlsterm, Knochenmark is an umlsterm, Knochenmark is an umlsterm, Analyse is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Knochenmark is an umlsterm, Antikoerpers is an umlsterm, Antigene is an umlsterm, Zellen is an umlsterm, Knochenmark is an umlsterm, Analysen is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Ueberleben is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Knochenmark is an umlsterm, Haematopoese is an umlsterm

DerPathologe.00210055.ger.abstr_task0

Sentence: Apoptose und Proliferation stellen im Rahmen einer funktionsgerechten Regelung der Haematopoese einen integralen Bestandteil fuer die Aufrechterhaltung des zellulaeren Gleichgewichts im Knochenmark dar . Insofern ist die Dynamik des haematopoetischen Zellumsatzes durch diese beiden Parameter gekennzeichnet . Da weiterfuehrende Untersuchungen in dieser Hinsicht lediglich vereinzelt am Knochenmark durchgefuehrt worden sind , haben wir im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Analyse versucht , einige Aspekte dieses komplexen Mechanismus zu beleuchten . Insgesamt wurden 400 Patienten mit chronischen myeloproliferativen Erkrankungen ( CMPE ) sowie korrespondierenden reaktiven Veraenderungen in die Untersuchung aufgenommen . Neben dem direkten Nachweis der Apoptose im Knochenmark durch die ISEL-Technik haben wir die Topoisomerase II Expression mittels des monoklonalen Antikoerpers Ki-S1 gemessen . Zusaetzlich konnten wir durch die Bestimmung der PCNA-Markierung aufgrund der Zellzyklus-spezifischen Faerbereaktion beider nukleaerer Antigene den Anteil der in G2-/M-Phase befindlichen Zellen ermitteln . Waehrend die IMF , die PV sowie die ET eine im Normbereich liegende Apoptoserate erkennen liessen , war dieser Wert bei der CML signifikant erhoeht . Auf der anderen Seite wiesen IMF und PV eine deutlich gesteigerte proliferative Aktivitaet im Knochenmark auf . Bei der Berechnung eines haematopoetischen Zellumsatz Index ( HZI ) zeigten diese beiden CMPE-Subtypen einen signifikanten Anstieg , wohingegen bei der CML sowie den reaktiven Laesionen keine relevante Verschiebung dieses Parameters festzustellen war . Im Rahmen prognostischer Analysen hatten IMF und PV Patienten mit reduzierter Proliferation und Apoptoserate jeweils eine signifikant kuerzere Ueberlebenszeit . Unsere in-situ Ergebnisse erweitern und bestaetigen vorausgegangene experimentelle Studien zur haematopoetischen Zellkinetik . Darueber hinaus lassen sich aus unseren Daten prognostische Ueberlegungen ableiten , da insbesondere bei der PV und IMF Apoptose und Proliferation signifikanten Einfluss auf das Ueberleben der Patienten hatten . In diesem Zusammenhang spiegelt eine vermehrte Apoptose- und Proliferationsrate im Knochenmark offenbar eine groessere regenerative Kapazitaet der Haematopoese wieder und koennte daher fuer einen guenstigeren Verlauf verantwortlich gemacht werden . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

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Apoptose und Proliferation stellen im Rahmen einer funktionsgerechten Regelung der Haematopoese einen integralen Bestandteil fuer die Aufrechterhaltung des zellulaeren Gleichgewichts im Knochenmark dar . Insofern ist die Dynamik des haematopoetischen Zellumsatzes durch diese beiden Parameter gekennzeichnet . Da weiterfuehrende Untersuchungen in dieser Hinsicht lediglich vereinzelt am Knochenmark durchgefuehrt worden sind , haben wir im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Analyse versucht , einige Aspekte dieses komplexen Mechanismus zu beleuchten . Insgesamt wurden 400 Patienten mit chronischen myeloproliferativen Erkrankungen ( CMPE ) sowie korrespondierenden reaktiven Veraenderungen in die Untersuchung aufgenommen . Neben dem direkten Nachweis der Apoptose im Knochenmark durch die ISEL-Technik haben wir die Topoisomerase II Expression mittels des monoklonalen Antikoerpers Ki-S1 gemessen . Zusaetzlich konnten wir durch die Bestimmung der PCNA-Markierung aufgrund der Zellzyklus-spezifischen Faerbereaktion beider nukleaerer Antigene den Anteil der in G2-/M-Phase befindlichen Zellen ermitteln . Waehrend die IMF , die PV sowie die ET eine im Normbereich liegende Apoptoserate erkennen liessen , war dieser Wert bei der CML signifikant erhoeht . Auf der anderen Seite wiesen IMF und PV eine deutlich gesteigerte proliferative Aktivitaet im Knochenmark auf . Bei der Berechnung eines haematopoetischen Zellumsatz Index ( HZI ) zeigten diese beiden CMPE-Subtypen einen signifikanten Anstieg , wohingegen bei der CML sowie den reaktiven Laesionen keine relevante Verschiebung dieses Parameters festzustellen war . Im Rahmen prognostischer Analysen hatten IMF und PV Patienten mit reduzierter Proliferation und Apoptoserate jeweils eine signifikant kuerzere Ueberlebenszeit . Unsere in-situ Ergebnisse erweitern und bestaetigen vorausgegangene experimentelle Studien zur haematopoetischen Zellkinetik . Darueber hinaus lassen sich aus unseren Daten prognostische Ueberlegungen ableiten , da insbesondere bei der PV und IMF Apoptose und Proliferation signifikanten Einfluss auf das Ueberleben der Patienten hatten . In diesem Zusammenhang spiegelt eine vermehrte Apoptose- und Proliferationsrate im Knochenmark offenbar eine groessere regenerative Kapazitaet der Haematopoese wieder und koennte daher fuer einen guenstigeren Verlauf verantwortlich gemacht werden .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Haematopoese is an umlsterm, Gleichgewichts is an umlsterm, Knochenmark is an umlsterm, Knochenmark is an umlsterm, Analyse is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Knochenmark is an umlsterm, Antikoerpers is an umlsterm, Antigene is an umlsterm, Zellen is an umlsterm, Knochenmark is an umlsterm, Analysen is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Ueberleben is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Knochenmark is an umlsterm, Haematopoese is an umlsterm

DerPathologe.00210055.ger.abstr_task1

Sentence: Apoptose und Proliferation stellen im Rahmen einer funktionsgerechten Regelung der Haematopoese einen integralen Bestandteil fuer die Aufrechterhaltung des zellulaeren Gleichgewichts im Knochenmark dar . Insofern ist die Dynamik des haematopoetischen Zellumsatzes durch diese beiden Parameter gekennzeichnet . Da weiterfuehrende Untersuchungen in dieser Hinsicht lediglich vereinzelt am Knochenmark durchgefuehrt worden sind , haben wir im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Analyse versucht , einige Aspekte dieses komplexen Mechanismus zu beleuchten . Insgesamt wurden 400 Patienten mit chronischen myeloproliferativen Erkrankungen ( CMPE ) sowie korrespondierenden reaktiven Veraenderungen in die Untersuchung aufgenommen . Neben dem direkten Nachweis der Apoptose im Knochenmark durch die ISEL-Technik haben wir die Topoisomerase II Expression mittels des monoklonalen Antikoerpers Ki-S1 gemessen . Zusaetzlich konnten wir durch die Bestimmung der PCNA-Markierung aufgrund der Zellzyklus-spezifischen Faerbereaktion beider nukleaerer Antigene den Anteil der in G2-/M-Phase befindlichen Zellen ermitteln . Waehrend die IMF , die PV sowie die ET eine im Normbereich liegende Apoptoserate erkennen liessen , war dieser Wert bei der CML signifikant erhoeht . Auf der anderen Seite wiesen IMF und PV eine deutlich gesteigerte proliferative Aktivitaet im Knochenmark auf . Bei der Berechnung eines haematopoetischen Zellumsatz Index ( HZI ) zeigten diese beiden CMPE-Subtypen einen signifikanten Anstieg , wohingegen bei der CML sowie den reaktiven Laesionen keine relevante Verschiebung dieses Parameters festzustellen war . Im Rahmen prognostischer Analysen hatten IMF und PV Patienten mit reduzierter Proliferation und Apoptoserate jeweils eine signifikant kuerzere Ueberlebenszeit . Unsere in-situ Ergebnisse erweitern und bestaetigen vorausgegangene experimentelle Studien zur haematopoetischen Zellkinetik . Darueber hinaus lassen sich aus unseren Daten prognostische Ueberlegungen ableiten , da insbesondere bei der PV und IMF Apoptose und Proliferation signifikanten Einfluss auf das Ueberleben der Patienten hatten . In diesem Zusammenhang spiegelt eine vermehrte Apoptose- und Proliferationsrate im Knochenmark offenbar eine groessere regenerative Kapazitaet der Haematopoese wieder und koennte daher fuer einen guenstigeren Verlauf verantwortlich gemacht werden . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Haematopoese, Gleichgewichts, Knochenmark, Knochenmark, Analyse, Patienten, Knochenmark, Antikoerpers, Antigene, Zellen, Knochenmark, Analysen, Patienten, Ueberleben, Patienten, Knochenmark, Haematopoese Options: umlsterm

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Apoptose und Proliferation stellen im Rahmen einer funktionsgerechten Regelung der Haematopoese einen integralen Bestandteil fuer die Aufrechterhaltung des zellulaeren Gleichgewichts im Knochenmark dar . Insofern ist die Dynamik des haematopoetischen Zellumsatzes durch diese beiden Parameter gekennzeichnet . Da weiterfuehrende Untersuchungen in dieser Hinsicht lediglich vereinzelt am Knochenmark durchgefuehrt worden sind , haben wir im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Analyse versucht , einige Aspekte dieses komplexen Mechanismus zu beleuchten . Insgesamt wurden 400 Patienten mit chronischen myeloproliferativen Erkrankungen ( CMPE ) sowie korrespondierenden reaktiven Veraenderungen in die Untersuchung aufgenommen . Neben dem direkten Nachweis der Apoptose im Knochenmark durch die ISEL-Technik haben wir die Topoisomerase II Expression mittels des monoklonalen Antikoerpers Ki-S1 gemessen . Zusaetzlich konnten wir durch die Bestimmung der PCNA-Markierung aufgrund der Zellzyklus-spezifischen Faerbereaktion beider nukleaerer Antigene den Anteil der in G2-/M-Phase befindlichen Zellen ermitteln . Waehrend die IMF , die PV sowie die ET eine im Normbereich liegende Apoptoserate erkennen liessen , war dieser Wert bei der CML signifikant erhoeht . Auf der anderen Seite wiesen IMF und PV eine deutlich gesteigerte proliferative Aktivitaet im Knochenmark auf . Bei der Berechnung eines haematopoetischen Zellumsatz Index ( HZI ) zeigten diese beiden CMPE-Subtypen einen signifikanten Anstieg , wohingegen bei der CML sowie den reaktiven Laesionen keine relevante Verschiebung dieses Parameters festzustellen war . Im Rahmen prognostischer Analysen hatten IMF und PV Patienten mit reduzierter Proliferation und Apoptoserate jeweils eine signifikant kuerzere Ueberlebenszeit . Unsere in-situ Ergebnisse erweitern und bestaetigen vorausgegangene experimentelle Studien zur haematopoetischen Zellkinetik . Darueber hinaus lassen sich aus unseren Daten prognostische Ueberlegungen ableiten , da insbesondere bei der PV und IMF Apoptose und Proliferation signifikanten Einfluss auf das Ueberleben der Patienten hatten . In diesem Zusammenhang spiegelt eine vermehrte Apoptose- und Proliferationsrate im Knochenmark offenbar eine groessere regenerative Kapazitaet der Haematopoese wieder und koennte daher fuer einen guenstigeren Verlauf verantwortlich gemacht werden .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Haematopoese, Gleichgewichts, Knochenmark, Knochenmark, Analyse, Patienten, Knochenmark, Antikoerpers, Antigene, Zellen, Knochenmark, Analysen, Patienten, Ueberleben, Patienten, Knochenmark, Haematopoese

DerPathologe.00210055.ger.abstr_task2

Sentence: Apoptose und Proliferation stellen im Rahmen einer funktionsgerechten Regelung der Haematopoese einen integralen Bestandteil fuer die Aufrechterhaltung des zellulaeren Gleichgewichts im Knochenmark dar . Insofern ist die Dynamik des haematopoetischen Zellumsatzes durch diese beiden Parameter gekennzeichnet . Da weiterfuehrende Untersuchungen in dieser Hinsicht lediglich vereinzelt am Knochenmark durchgefuehrt worden sind , haben wir im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Analyse versucht , einige Aspekte dieses komplexen Mechanismus zu beleuchten . Insgesamt wurden 400 Patienten mit chronischen myeloproliferativen Erkrankungen ( CMPE ) sowie korrespondierenden reaktiven Veraenderungen in die Untersuchung aufgenommen . Neben dem direkten Nachweis der Apoptose im Knochenmark durch die ISEL-Technik haben wir die Topoisomerase II Expression mittels des monoklonalen Antikoerpers Ki-S1 gemessen . Zusaetzlich konnten wir durch die Bestimmung der PCNA-Markierung aufgrund der Zellzyklus-spezifischen Faerbereaktion beider nukleaerer Antigene den Anteil der in G2-/M-Phase befindlichen Zellen ermitteln . Waehrend die IMF , die PV sowie die ET eine im Normbereich liegende Apoptoserate erkennen liessen , war dieser Wert bei der CML signifikant erhoeht . Auf der anderen Seite wiesen IMF und PV eine deutlich gesteigerte proliferative Aktivitaet im Knochenmark auf . Bei der Berechnung eines haematopoetischen Zellumsatz Index ( HZI ) zeigten diese beiden CMPE-Subtypen einen signifikanten Anstieg , wohingegen bei der CML sowie den reaktiven Laesionen keine relevante Verschiebung dieses Parameters festzustellen war . Im Rahmen prognostischer Analysen hatten IMF und PV Patienten mit reduzierter Proliferation und Apoptoserate jeweils eine signifikant kuerzere Ueberlebenszeit . Unsere in-situ Ergebnisse erweitern und bestaetigen vorausgegangene experimentelle Studien zur haematopoetischen Zellkinetik . Darueber hinaus lassen sich aus unseren Daten prognostische Ueberlegungen ableiten , da insbesondere bei der PV und IMF Apoptose und Proliferation signifikanten Einfluss auf das Ueberleben der Patienten hatten . In diesem Zusammenhang spiegelt eine vermehrte Apoptose- und Proliferationsrate im Knochenmark offenbar eine groessere regenerative Kapazitaet der Haematopoese wieder und koennte daher fuer einen guenstigeren Verlauf verantwortlich gemacht werden . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Apoptose und Proliferation stellen im Rahmen einer funktionsgerechten Regelung der Haematopoese einen integralen Bestandteil fuer die Aufrechterhaltung des zellulaeren Gleichgewichts im Knochenmark dar . Insofern ist die Dynamik des haematopoetischen Zellumsatzes durch diese beiden Parameter gekennzeichnet . Da weiterfuehrende Untersuchungen in dieser Hinsicht lediglich vereinzelt am Knochenmark durchgefuehrt worden sind , haben wir im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Analyse versucht , einige Aspekte dieses komplexen Mechanismus zu beleuchten . Insgesamt wurden 400 Patienten mit chronischen myeloproliferativen Erkrankungen ( CMPE ) sowie korrespondierenden reaktiven Veraenderungen in die Untersuchung aufgenommen . Neben dem direkten Nachweis der Apoptose im Knochenmark durch die ISEL-Technik haben wir die Topoisomerase II Expression mittels des monoklonalen Antikoerpers Ki-S1 gemessen . Zusaetzlich konnten wir durch die Bestimmung der PCNA-Markierung aufgrund der Zellzyklus-spezifischen Faerbereaktion beider nukleaerer Antigene den Anteil der in G2-/M-Phase befindlichen Zellen ermitteln . Waehrend die IMF , die PV sowie die ET eine im Normbereich liegende Apoptoserate erkennen liessen , war dieser Wert bei der CML signifikant erhoeht . Auf der anderen Seite wiesen IMF und PV eine deutlich gesteigerte proliferative Aktivitaet im Knochenmark auf . Bei der Berechnung eines haematopoetischen Zellumsatz Index ( HZI ) zeigten diese beiden CMPE-Subtypen einen signifikanten Anstieg , wohingegen bei der CML sowie den reaktiven Laesionen keine relevante Verschiebung dieses Parameters festzustellen war . Im Rahmen prognostischer Analysen hatten IMF und PV Patienten mit reduzierter Proliferation und Apoptoserate jeweils eine signifikant kuerzere Ueberlebenszeit . Unsere in-situ Ergebnisse erweitern und bestaetigen vorausgegangene experimentelle Studien zur haematopoetischen Zellkinetik . Darueber hinaus lassen sich aus unseren Daten prognostische Ueberlegungen ableiten , da insbesondere bei der PV und IMF Apoptose und Proliferation signifikanten Einfluss auf das Ueberleben der Patienten hatten . In diesem Zusammenhang spiegelt eine vermehrte Apoptose- und Proliferationsrate im Knochenmark offenbar eine groessere regenerative Kapazitaet der Haematopoese wieder und koennte daher fuer einen guenstigeren Verlauf verantwortlich gemacht werden .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

gene is a Gene, human is a Eukaryote, member of a class of growth factor - induced genes is a Gene, zinc - finger domains is a ZincCoordinatingDomain, gene is a Gene, pAT 133 is a DNA, pAT 133 is a DNA, gene is a Gene, human is a Eukaryote, T cells is a Cell, fibroblasts is a Cell, the encoded protein is a Protein, zinc - finger sequences is a ZincCoordinatingDomain, zinc - finger region is a ZincCoordinatingDomain, DNA is a DNA, these related zinc - finger - encoding genes is a Gene, T lymphocytes is a Cell, fibroblasts is a Cell, the three genes is a Gene, human is a Eukaryote, histiocytic U937 cells is a Cell, mRNA is a MessengerRNA, pAT 133 is a DNA, mRNA is a MessengerRNA, pAT 225 / EGR1 is a DNA, mRNA is a MessengerRNA, pAT 591 / EGR2 is a TranscriptionFactor, the respective proteins is a Protein

87_task0

Sentence: Clone pAT 133 identifies a gene that encodes another human member of a class of growth factor-induced genes with almost identical zinc-finger domains. We report the structure and regulation of a gene represented by clone pAT 133, which is induced upon transition from a resting state (G0) through the early phase of the cell cycle (G1). The pAT 133 gene is immediately induced, with FOS-like kinetics, in human T cells and in fibroblasts. Primary structure analysis showed that the encoded protein contains three tandem zinc-finger sequences of the type Cys2-Xaa12-His2. This zinc-finger region, which is thought to bind DNA in a sequence-specific manner, is similar (greater than 80% on the amino acid level) to two previously described transcription factors pAT 225/EGR1 and pAT 591/EGR2. Except for the conserved zinc-finger domains, the amino acid sequences of the three proteins are distinct. This structural similarity suggests that the pAT 133 gene encodes a transcription factor with a specific biological function. Comparing the regulation of these related zinc-finger-encoding genes showed coordinate induction upon mitogenic stimulation of resting T lymphocytes and of resting fibroblasts. However, upon transition from a proliferating (G1) to a resting state of the cell cycle the three genes were differently regulated. In human histiocytic U937 cells mRNA of clone pAT 133 was constitutively expressed, whereas mRNA of pAT 225/EGR1 was induced upon induction of terminal differentiation. In contrast mRNA representing pAT 591/EGR2 was not expressed in these cells. This difference in gene regulation suggests distinct biological roles in the control of cell proliferation for the respective proteins. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: ZincCoordinatingDomain, DNA, TranscriptionFactor, MessengerRNA, Gene, Eukaryote, Protein, Cell

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Clone pAT 133 identifies a gene that encodes another human member of a class of growth factor-induced genes with almost identical zinc-finger domains. We report the structure and regulation of a gene represented by clone pAT 133, which is induced upon transition from a resting state (G0) through the early phase of the cell cycle (G1). The pAT 133 gene is immediately induced, with FOS-like kinetics, in human T cells and in fibroblasts. Primary structure analysis showed that the encoded protein contains three tandem zinc-finger sequences of the type Cys2-Xaa12-His2. This zinc-finger region, which is thought to bind DNA in a sequence-specific manner, is similar (greater than 80% on the amino acid level) to two previously described transcription factors pAT 225/EGR1 and pAT 591/EGR2. Except for the conserved zinc-finger domains, the amino acid sequences of the three proteins are distinct. This structural similarity suggests that the pAT 133 gene encodes a transcription factor with a specific biological function. Comparing the regulation of these related zinc-finger-encoding genes showed coordinate induction upon mitogenic stimulation of resting T lymphocytes and of resting fibroblasts. However, upon transition from a proliferating (G1) to a resting state of the cell cycle the three genes were differently regulated. In human histiocytic U937 cells mRNA of clone pAT 133 was constitutively expressed, whereas mRNA of pAT 225/EGR1 was induced upon induction of terminal differentiation. In contrast mRNA representing pAT 591/EGR2 was not expressed in these cells. This difference in gene regulation suggests distinct biological roles in the control of cell proliferation for the respective proteins.

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[ "Gene", "Protein", "Cell", "ZincCoordinatingDomain", "TranscriptionFactor", "DNA", "Eukaryote", "MessengerRNA" ]

gene is a Gene, human is a Eukaryote, member of a class of growth factor - induced genes is a Gene, zinc - finger domains is a ZincCoordinatingDomain, gene is a Gene, pAT 133 is a DNA, pAT 133 is a DNA, gene is a Gene, human is a Eukaryote, T cells is a Cell, fibroblasts is a Cell, the encoded protein is a Protein, zinc - finger sequences is a ZincCoordinatingDomain, zinc - finger region is a ZincCoordinatingDomain, DNA is a DNA, these related zinc - finger - encoding genes is a Gene, T lymphocytes is a Cell, fibroblasts is a Cell, the three genes is a Gene, human is a Eukaryote, histiocytic U937 cells is a Cell, mRNA is a MessengerRNA, pAT 133 is a DNA, mRNA is a MessengerRNA, pAT 225 / EGR1 is a DNA, mRNA is a MessengerRNA, pAT 591 / EGR2 is a TranscriptionFactor, the respective proteins is a Protein

87_task1

Sentence: Clone pAT 133 identifies a gene that encodes another human member of a class of growth factor-induced genes with almost identical zinc-finger domains. We report the structure and regulation of a gene represented by clone pAT 133, which is induced upon transition from a resting state (G0) through the early phase of the cell cycle (G1). The pAT 133 gene is immediately induced, with FOS-like kinetics, in human T cells and in fibroblasts. Primary structure analysis showed that the encoded protein contains three tandem zinc-finger sequences of the type Cys2-Xaa12-His2. This zinc-finger region, which is thought to bind DNA in a sequence-specific manner, is similar (greater than 80% on the amino acid level) to two previously described transcription factors pAT 225/EGR1 and pAT 591/EGR2. Except for the conserved zinc-finger domains, the amino acid sequences of the three proteins are distinct. This structural similarity suggests that the pAT 133 gene encodes a transcription factor with a specific biological function. Comparing the regulation of these related zinc-finger-encoding genes showed coordinate induction upon mitogenic stimulation of resting T lymphocytes and of resting fibroblasts. However, upon transition from a proliferating (G1) to a resting state of the cell cycle the three genes were differently regulated. In human histiocytic U937 cells mRNA of clone pAT 133 was constitutively expressed, whereas mRNA of pAT 225/EGR1 was induced upon induction of terminal differentiation. In contrast mRNA representing pAT 591/EGR2 was not expressed in these cells. This difference in gene regulation suggests distinct biological roles in the control of cell proliferation for the respective proteins. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: gene, human, member of a class of growth factor - induced genes, zinc - finger domains, gene, pAT 133, pAT 133, gene, human, T cells, fibroblasts, the encoded protein, zinc - finger sequences, zinc - finger region, DNA, these related zinc - finger - encoding genes, T lymphocytes, fibroblasts, the three genes, human, histiocytic U937 cells, mRNA, pAT 133, mRNA, pAT 225 / EGR1, mRNA, pAT 591 / EGR2, the respective proteins Options: ZincCoordinatingDomain, DNA, TranscriptionFactor, MessengerRNA, Gene, Eukaryote, Protein, Cell

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Clone pAT 133 identifies a gene that encodes another human member of a class of growth factor-induced genes with almost identical zinc-finger domains. We report the structure and regulation of a gene represented by clone pAT 133, which is induced upon transition from a resting state (G0) through the early phase of the cell cycle (G1). The pAT 133 gene is immediately induced, with FOS-like kinetics, in human T cells and in fibroblasts. Primary structure analysis showed that the encoded protein contains three tandem zinc-finger sequences of the type Cys2-Xaa12-His2. This zinc-finger region, which is thought to bind DNA in a sequence-specific manner, is similar (greater than 80% on the amino acid level) to two previously described transcription factors pAT 225/EGR1 and pAT 591/EGR2. Except for the conserved zinc-finger domains, the amino acid sequences of the three proteins are distinct. This structural similarity suggests that the pAT 133 gene encodes a transcription factor with a specific biological function. Comparing the regulation of these related zinc-finger-encoding genes showed coordinate induction upon mitogenic stimulation of resting T lymphocytes and of resting fibroblasts. However, upon transition from a proliferating (G1) to a resting state of the cell cycle the three genes were differently regulated. In human histiocytic U937 cells mRNA of clone pAT 133 was constitutively expressed, whereas mRNA of pAT 225/EGR1 was induced upon induction of terminal differentiation. In contrast mRNA representing pAT 591/EGR2 was not expressed in these cells. This difference in gene regulation suggests distinct biological roles in the control of cell proliferation for the respective proteins.

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[ "Gene", "Protein", "Cell", "ZincCoordinatingDomain", "TranscriptionFactor", "DNA", "Eukaryote", "MessengerRNA" ]

gene, human, member of a class of growth factor - induced genes, zinc - finger domains, gene, pAT 133, pAT 133, gene, human, T cells, fibroblasts, the encoded protein, zinc - finger sequences, zinc - finger region, DNA, these related zinc - finger - encoding genes, T lymphocytes, fibroblasts, the three genes, human, histiocytic U937 cells, mRNA, pAT 133, mRNA, pAT 225 / EGR1, mRNA, pAT 591 / EGR2, the respective proteins

87_task2

Sentence: Clone pAT 133 identifies a gene that encodes another human member of a class of growth factor-induced genes with almost identical zinc-finger domains. We report the structure and regulation of a gene represented by clone pAT 133, which is induced upon transition from a resting state (G0) through the early phase of the cell cycle (G1). The pAT 133 gene is immediately induced, with FOS-like kinetics, in human T cells and in fibroblasts. Primary structure analysis showed that the encoded protein contains three tandem zinc-finger sequences of the type Cys2-Xaa12-His2. This zinc-finger region, which is thought to bind DNA in a sequence-specific manner, is similar (greater than 80% on the amino acid level) to two previously described transcription factors pAT 225/EGR1 and pAT 591/EGR2. Except for the conserved zinc-finger domains, the amino acid sequences of the three proteins are distinct. This structural similarity suggests that the pAT 133 gene encodes a transcription factor with a specific biological function. Comparing the regulation of these related zinc-finger-encoding genes showed coordinate induction upon mitogenic stimulation of resting T lymphocytes and of resting fibroblasts. However, upon transition from a proliferating (G1) to a resting state of the cell cycle the three genes were differently regulated. In human histiocytic U937 cells mRNA of clone pAT 133 was constitutively expressed, whereas mRNA of pAT 225/EGR1 was induced upon induction of terminal differentiation. In contrast mRNA representing pAT 591/EGR2 was not expressed in these cells. This difference in gene regulation suggests distinct biological roles in the control of cell proliferation for the respective proteins. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Clone pAT 133 identifies a gene that encodes another human member of a class of growth factor-induced genes with almost identical zinc-finger domains. We report the structure and regulation of a gene represented by clone pAT 133, which is induced upon transition from a resting state (G0) through the early phase of the cell cycle (G1). The pAT 133 gene is immediately induced, with FOS-like kinetics, in human T cells and in fibroblasts. Primary structure analysis showed that the encoded protein contains three tandem zinc-finger sequences of the type Cys2-Xaa12-His2. This zinc-finger region, which is thought to bind DNA in a sequence-specific manner, is similar (greater than 80% on the amino acid level) to two previously described transcription factors pAT 225/EGR1 and pAT 591/EGR2. Except for the conserved zinc-finger domains, the amino acid sequences of the three proteins are distinct. This structural similarity suggests that the pAT 133 gene encodes a transcription factor with a specific biological function. Comparing the regulation of these related zinc-finger-encoding genes showed coordinate induction upon mitogenic stimulation of resting T lymphocytes and of resting fibroblasts. However, upon transition from a proliferating (G1) to a resting state of the cell cycle the three genes were differently regulated. In human histiocytic U937 cells mRNA of clone pAT 133 was constitutively expressed, whereas mRNA of pAT 225/EGR1 was induced upon induction of terminal differentiation. In contrast mRNA representing pAT 591/EGR2 was not expressed in these cells. This difference in gene regulation suggests distinct biological roles in the control of cell proliferation for the respective proteins.

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[ "Gene", "Protein", "Cell", "ZincCoordinatingDomain", "TranscriptionFactor", "DNA", "Eukaryote", "MessengerRNA" ]

Analysen is an umlsterm, HPLC is an umlsterm, Roentgenfluoreszenz is an umlsterm, Diphenylamin is an umlsterm, Sauerstofflieferanten is an umlsterm, Bariumnitrate is an umlsterm, Huelsenboden is an umlsterm

Rechtsmedizin.80080094.ger.abstr_task0

Sentence: Knallkartuschen ( " Platzpatronen " ) , die zum Verschiessen aus Schreckschusswaffen ( § 22 WaffG ) bestimmt sind , wurden hinsichtlich ihres Aufbaues sowie des Treib- und Zuendmittels untersucht . Zur Untersuchung gelangte Kartuschenmunition saemtlicher fuer Kurzwaffen erhaeltlicher Kaliber . Der Aufbau der Huelsen sowie der Zuendelemente entsprachen im wesentlichem dem von Patronenmunition . Die Analysen der Treibladungspulver ( TLP ) erfolgten mittels HPLC , die der Zuendsaetze durch Roentgenfluoreszenz und Roentgendiffraktion : Bei Knallkartuschen fand sich als Treibmittel ueberwiegend einbasiges Treibladungspulver ( Nitrocellulose-TLP ) , vereinzelt aber auch Schwarzpulver . In den groesseren Kalibern fanden sich zweibasige Treibladungspulver ( Nitroglycerin-TLP ) mit Zusaetzen von DNT und Dibutylphtalat ( DBP ) . Die einbasigen TLP zeigten sich mit Diphenylamin ( DPA ) , die mehrbasigen TLP mit Centralit I ( C I ) stabilisiert . Die Zuendsaetze enthielten als Sprengstoffe fast ausschliesslich Bleitrizinat und/oder Hexogen , als Sauerstofflieferanten Bariumnitrate . Eine Besonderheit der Knallkartuschenmunition ist das Vorhandensein eines scheibenfoermigen Zwischenmittels , das das Treibmittel zusammenhaelt und gegen den Huelsenboden drueckt . Aufgrund des geringen Gewichtes kommt den Zwischenmitteln keine wesentliche kinetische Energie zu . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

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Knallkartuschen ( " Platzpatronen " ) , die zum Verschiessen aus Schreckschusswaffen ( § 22 WaffG ) bestimmt sind , wurden hinsichtlich ihres Aufbaues sowie des Treib- und Zuendmittels untersucht . Zur Untersuchung gelangte Kartuschenmunition saemtlicher fuer Kurzwaffen erhaeltlicher Kaliber . Der Aufbau der Huelsen sowie der Zuendelemente entsprachen im wesentlichem dem von Patronenmunition . Die Analysen der Treibladungspulver ( TLP ) erfolgten mittels HPLC , die der Zuendsaetze durch Roentgenfluoreszenz und Roentgendiffraktion : Bei Knallkartuschen fand sich als Treibmittel ueberwiegend einbasiges Treibladungspulver ( Nitrocellulose-TLP ) , vereinzelt aber auch Schwarzpulver . In den groesseren Kalibern fanden sich zweibasige Treibladungspulver ( Nitroglycerin-TLP ) mit Zusaetzen von DNT und Dibutylphtalat ( DBP ) . Die einbasigen TLP zeigten sich mit Diphenylamin ( DPA ) , die mehrbasigen TLP mit Centralit I ( C I ) stabilisiert . Die Zuendsaetze enthielten als Sprengstoffe fast ausschliesslich Bleitrizinat und/oder Hexogen , als Sauerstofflieferanten Bariumnitrate . Eine Besonderheit der Knallkartuschenmunition ist das Vorhandensein eines scheibenfoermigen Zwischenmittels , das das Treibmittel zusammenhaelt und gegen den Huelsenboden drueckt . Aufgrund des geringen Gewichtes kommt den Zwischenmitteln keine wesentliche kinetische Energie zu .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Analysen is an umlsterm, HPLC is an umlsterm, Roentgenfluoreszenz is an umlsterm, Diphenylamin is an umlsterm, Sauerstofflieferanten is an umlsterm, Bariumnitrate is an umlsterm, Huelsenboden is an umlsterm

Rechtsmedizin.80080094.ger.abstr_task1

Sentence: Knallkartuschen ( " Platzpatronen " ) , die zum Verschiessen aus Schreckschusswaffen ( § 22 WaffG ) bestimmt sind , wurden hinsichtlich ihres Aufbaues sowie des Treib- und Zuendmittels untersucht . Zur Untersuchung gelangte Kartuschenmunition saemtlicher fuer Kurzwaffen erhaeltlicher Kaliber . Der Aufbau der Huelsen sowie der Zuendelemente entsprachen im wesentlichem dem von Patronenmunition . Die Analysen der Treibladungspulver ( TLP ) erfolgten mittels HPLC , die der Zuendsaetze durch Roentgenfluoreszenz und Roentgendiffraktion : Bei Knallkartuschen fand sich als Treibmittel ueberwiegend einbasiges Treibladungspulver ( Nitrocellulose-TLP ) , vereinzelt aber auch Schwarzpulver . In den groesseren Kalibern fanden sich zweibasige Treibladungspulver ( Nitroglycerin-TLP ) mit Zusaetzen von DNT und Dibutylphtalat ( DBP ) . Die einbasigen TLP zeigten sich mit Diphenylamin ( DPA ) , die mehrbasigen TLP mit Centralit I ( C I ) stabilisiert . Die Zuendsaetze enthielten als Sprengstoffe fast ausschliesslich Bleitrizinat und/oder Hexogen , als Sauerstofflieferanten Bariumnitrate . Eine Besonderheit der Knallkartuschenmunition ist das Vorhandensein eines scheibenfoermigen Zwischenmittels , das das Treibmittel zusammenhaelt und gegen den Huelsenboden drueckt . Aufgrund des geringen Gewichtes kommt den Zwischenmitteln keine wesentliche kinetische Energie zu . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Analysen, HPLC, Roentgenfluoreszenz, Diphenylamin, Sauerstofflieferanten, Bariumnitrate, Huelsenboden Options: umlsterm

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Knallkartuschen ( " Platzpatronen " ) , die zum Verschiessen aus Schreckschusswaffen ( § 22 WaffG ) bestimmt sind , wurden hinsichtlich ihres Aufbaues sowie des Treib- und Zuendmittels untersucht . Zur Untersuchung gelangte Kartuschenmunition saemtlicher fuer Kurzwaffen erhaeltlicher Kaliber . Der Aufbau der Huelsen sowie der Zuendelemente entsprachen im wesentlichem dem von Patronenmunition . Die Analysen der Treibladungspulver ( TLP ) erfolgten mittels HPLC , die der Zuendsaetze durch Roentgenfluoreszenz und Roentgendiffraktion : Bei Knallkartuschen fand sich als Treibmittel ueberwiegend einbasiges Treibladungspulver ( Nitrocellulose-TLP ) , vereinzelt aber auch Schwarzpulver . In den groesseren Kalibern fanden sich zweibasige Treibladungspulver ( Nitroglycerin-TLP ) mit Zusaetzen von DNT und Dibutylphtalat ( DBP ) . Die einbasigen TLP zeigten sich mit Diphenylamin ( DPA ) , die mehrbasigen TLP mit Centralit I ( C I ) stabilisiert . Die Zuendsaetze enthielten als Sprengstoffe fast ausschliesslich Bleitrizinat und/oder Hexogen , als Sauerstofflieferanten Bariumnitrate . Eine Besonderheit der Knallkartuschenmunition ist das Vorhandensein eines scheibenfoermigen Zwischenmittels , das das Treibmittel zusammenhaelt und gegen den Huelsenboden drueckt . Aufgrund des geringen Gewichtes kommt den Zwischenmitteln keine wesentliche kinetische Energie zu .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Analysen, HPLC, Roentgenfluoreszenz, Diphenylamin, Sauerstofflieferanten, Bariumnitrate, Huelsenboden

Rechtsmedizin.80080094.ger.abstr_task2

Sentence: Knallkartuschen ( " Platzpatronen " ) , die zum Verschiessen aus Schreckschusswaffen ( § 22 WaffG ) bestimmt sind , wurden hinsichtlich ihres Aufbaues sowie des Treib- und Zuendmittels untersucht . Zur Untersuchung gelangte Kartuschenmunition saemtlicher fuer Kurzwaffen erhaeltlicher Kaliber . Der Aufbau der Huelsen sowie der Zuendelemente entsprachen im wesentlichem dem von Patronenmunition . Die Analysen der Treibladungspulver ( TLP ) erfolgten mittels HPLC , die der Zuendsaetze durch Roentgenfluoreszenz und Roentgendiffraktion : Bei Knallkartuschen fand sich als Treibmittel ueberwiegend einbasiges Treibladungspulver ( Nitrocellulose-TLP ) , vereinzelt aber auch Schwarzpulver . In den groesseren Kalibern fanden sich zweibasige Treibladungspulver ( Nitroglycerin-TLP ) mit Zusaetzen von DNT und Dibutylphtalat ( DBP ) . Die einbasigen TLP zeigten sich mit Diphenylamin ( DPA ) , die mehrbasigen TLP mit Centralit I ( C I ) stabilisiert . Die Zuendsaetze enthielten als Sprengstoffe fast ausschliesslich Bleitrizinat und/oder Hexogen , als Sauerstofflieferanten Bariumnitrate . Eine Besonderheit der Knallkartuschenmunition ist das Vorhandensein eines scheibenfoermigen Zwischenmittels , das das Treibmittel zusammenhaelt und gegen den Huelsenboden drueckt . Aufgrund des geringen Gewichtes kommt den Zwischenmitteln keine wesentliche kinetische Energie zu . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Knallkartuschen ( " Platzpatronen " ) , die zum Verschiessen aus Schreckschusswaffen ( § 22 WaffG ) bestimmt sind , wurden hinsichtlich ihres Aufbaues sowie des Treib- und Zuendmittels untersucht . Zur Untersuchung gelangte Kartuschenmunition saemtlicher fuer Kurzwaffen erhaeltlicher Kaliber . Der Aufbau der Huelsen sowie der Zuendelemente entsprachen im wesentlichem dem von Patronenmunition . Die Analysen der Treibladungspulver ( TLP ) erfolgten mittels HPLC , die der Zuendsaetze durch Roentgenfluoreszenz und Roentgendiffraktion : Bei Knallkartuschen fand sich als Treibmittel ueberwiegend einbasiges Treibladungspulver ( Nitrocellulose-TLP ) , vereinzelt aber auch Schwarzpulver . In den groesseren Kalibern fanden sich zweibasige Treibladungspulver ( Nitroglycerin-TLP ) mit Zusaetzen von DNT und Dibutylphtalat ( DBP ) . Die einbasigen TLP zeigten sich mit Diphenylamin ( DPA ) , die mehrbasigen TLP mit Centralit I ( C I ) stabilisiert . Die Zuendsaetze enthielten als Sprengstoffe fast ausschliesslich Bleitrizinat und/oder Hexogen , als Sauerstofflieferanten Bariumnitrate . Eine Besonderheit der Knallkartuschenmunition ist das Vorhandensein eines scheibenfoermigen Zwischenmittels , das das Treibmittel zusammenhaelt und gegen den Huelsenboden drueckt . Aufgrund des geringen Gewichtes kommt den Zwischenmitteln keine wesentliche kinetische Energie zu .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

insulin is a protein, diacylglycerol is a compound, insulin is a protein

DS.d1531_task0

Sentence: Intramuscular triacylglycerol does not appear to be a ubiquitous marker of insulin resistance, although specific IMCL intermediates such as long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs, ceramide, and diacylglycerol may inhibit insulin signal transduction. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: compound, protein

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O" ]

Intramuscular triacylglycerol does not appear to be a ubiquitous marker of insulin resistance, although specific IMCL intermediates such as long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs, ceramide, and diacylglycerol may inhibit insulin signal transduction.

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[ "compound", "protein" ]

insulin is a protein, diacylglycerol is a compound, insulin is a protein

DS.d1531_task1

Sentence: Intramuscular triacylglycerol does not appear to be a ubiquitous marker of insulin resistance, although specific IMCL intermediates such as long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs, ceramide, and diacylglycerol may inhibit insulin signal transduction. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: insulin, diacylglycerol, insulin Options: compound, protein

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O" ]

Intramuscular triacylglycerol does not appear to be a ubiquitous marker of insulin resistance, although specific IMCL intermediates such as long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs, ceramide, and diacylglycerol may inhibit insulin signal transduction.

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[ "compound", "protein" ]

insulin, diacylglycerol, insulin

DS.d1531_task2

Sentence: Intramuscular triacylglycerol does not appear to be a ubiquitous marker of insulin resistance, although specific IMCL intermediates such as long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs, ceramide, and diacylglycerol may inhibit insulin signal transduction. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O" ]

Intramuscular triacylglycerol does not appear to be a ubiquitous marker of insulin resistance, although specific IMCL intermediates such as long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs, ceramide, and diacylglycerol may inhibit insulin signal transduction.

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[ "compound", "protein" ]

toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 is a Protein, TSST-1 is a Protein, staphylococcal enterotoxin A is a Protein, SEA is a Protein, chloramphenicol acetyl transferase is a Protein, granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor is a Protein, tumor necrosis factor - alpha is a Protein

8062448_task0

Sentence: Superantigens activate HIV-1 gene expression in monocytic cells. Binding of superantigens to MHC class II molecules results in transduction of biochemical signals leading to cellular activation and gene expression. We demonstrate that the staphylococcal superantigens toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) activate HIV-1-LTR-driven transcription of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase in the human monocytic cell line THP-1. Induction of HIV-1-LTR-driven transcription in THP-1 cells by superantigens was associated with the induction of nuclear factor-kappa B DNA-binding activity. Superantigens also increased viral protein secretion from the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-pretreated chronically infected human monocytic cell line U1. Induction of HIV-1 gene expression in monocytic cells by superantigens occurred via tumor necrosis factor-alpha-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Our results suggest that superantigens and other MHC class II ligands may activate HIV-1 gene expression in monocytes/macrophages. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Protein

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Superantigens activate HIV-1 gene expression in monocytic cells. Binding of superantigens to MHC class II molecules results in transduction of biochemical signals leading to cellular activation and gene expression. We demonstrate that the staphylococcal superantigens toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) activate HIV-1-LTR-driven transcription of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase in the human monocytic cell line THP-1. Induction of HIV-1-LTR-driven transcription in THP-1 cells by superantigens was associated with the induction of nuclear factor-kappa B DNA-binding activity. Superantigens also increased viral protein secretion from the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-pretreated chronically infected human monocytic cell line U1. Induction of HIV-1 gene expression in monocytic cells by superantigens occurred via tumor necrosis factor-alpha-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Our results suggest that superantigens and other MHC class II ligands may activate HIV-1 gene expression in monocytes/macrophages.

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[ "Protein" ]

toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 is a Protein, TSST-1 is a Protein, staphylococcal enterotoxin A is a Protein, SEA is a Protein, chloramphenicol acetyl transferase is a Protein, granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor is a Protein, tumor necrosis factor - alpha is a Protein

8062448_task1

Sentence: Superantigens activate HIV-1 gene expression in monocytic cells. Binding of superantigens to MHC class II molecules results in transduction of biochemical signals leading to cellular activation and gene expression. We demonstrate that the staphylococcal superantigens toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) activate HIV-1-LTR-driven transcription of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase in the human monocytic cell line THP-1. Induction of HIV-1-LTR-driven transcription in THP-1 cells by superantigens was associated with the induction of nuclear factor-kappa B DNA-binding activity. Superantigens also increased viral protein secretion from the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-pretreated chronically infected human monocytic cell line U1. Induction of HIV-1 gene expression in monocytic cells by superantigens occurred via tumor necrosis factor-alpha-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Our results suggest that superantigens and other MHC class II ligands may activate HIV-1 gene expression in monocytes/macrophages. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: toxic shock syndrome toxin-1, TSST-1, staphylococcal enterotoxin A, SEA, chloramphenicol acetyl transferase, granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor, tumor necrosis factor - alpha Options: Protein

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Superantigens activate HIV-1 gene expression in monocytic cells. Binding of superantigens to MHC class II molecules results in transduction of biochemical signals leading to cellular activation and gene expression. We demonstrate that the staphylococcal superantigens toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) activate HIV-1-LTR-driven transcription of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase in the human monocytic cell line THP-1. Induction of HIV-1-LTR-driven transcription in THP-1 cells by superantigens was associated with the induction of nuclear factor-kappa B DNA-binding activity. Superantigens also increased viral protein secretion from the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-pretreated chronically infected human monocytic cell line U1. Induction of HIV-1 gene expression in monocytic cells by superantigens occurred via tumor necrosis factor-alpha-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Our results suggest that superantigens and other MHC class II ligands may activate HIV-1 gene expression in monocytes/macrophages.

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[ "Protein" ]

toxic shock syndrome toxin-1, TSST-1, staphylococcal enterotoxin A, SEA, chloramphenicol acetyl transferase, granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor, tumor necrosis factor - alpha

8062448_task2

Sentence: Superantigens activate HIV-1 gene expression in monocytic cells. Binding of superantigens to MHC class II molecules results in transduction of biochemical signals leading to cellular activation and gene expression. We demonstrate that the staphylococcal superantigens toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) activate HIV-1-LTR-driven transcription of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase in the human monocytic cell line THP-1. Induction of HIV-1-LTR-driven transcription in THP-1 cells by superantigens was associated with the induction of nuclear factor-kappa B DNA-binding activity. Superantigens also increased viral protein secretion from the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-pretreated chronically infected human monocytic cell line U1. Induction of HIV-1 gene expression in monocytic cells by superantigens occurred via tumor necrosis factor-alpha-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Our results suggest that superantigens and other MHC class II ligands may activate HIV-1 gene expression in monocytes/macrophages. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Superantigens activate HIV-1 gene expression in monocytic cells. Binding of superantigens to MHC class II molecules results in transduction of biochemical signals leading to cellular activation and gene expression. We demonstrate that the staphylococcal superantigens toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) activate HIV-1-LTR-driven transcription of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase in the human monocytic cell line THP-1. Induction of HIV-1-LTR-driven transcription in THP-1 cells by superantigens was associated with the induction of nuclear factor-kappa B DNA-binding activity. Superantigens also increased viral protein secretion from the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-pretreated chronically infected human monocytic cell line U1. Induction of HIV-1 gene expression in monocytic cells by superantigens occurred via tumor necrosis factor-alpha-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Our results suggest that superantigens and other MHC class II ligands may activate HIV-1 gene expression in monocytes/macrophages.

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[ "Protein" ]

indication is a Condition, oral anticoagulation is a Drug, atrial fibrillation is a Condition, mechanic heart valves , recurrent thrombophlebitis , antiphospholipid syndrome is a Scope, Life expectancy is a Observation, < 6 months is a Value, terminal cancer is a Condition, Live donor transplantation is a Procedure, scheduled is a Mood, within 6 months is a Temporal, hypersensibility is a Condition, coumadin or indoine is a Scope, Severe is a Qualifier, liver failure is a Condition

NCT02886962_exc_task0

Sentence: Formal indication to oral anticoagulation beside atrial fibrillation (mechanic heart valves, recurrent thrombophlebitis, antiphospholipid syndrome) Life expectancy < 6 months (e.g., terminal cancer) Live donor transplantation scheduled within 6 months Pregnancy (ß-HCG blood-based assay)or nursing (lactating) women Women of child bearing potential, unless they are using an effective method of birth control Patient under legal guardianship Patients under law protection Known hypersensibility to coumadin or indoine derivatives or to any excipients (CI to oral AVK) Severe liver failure (CI to oral AVK) Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Temporal, Condition, Qualifier, Value, Observation, Procedure, Scope, Mood, Drug

[ "O", "B-Condition", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "B-Observation", "I-Observation", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "B-Procedure", "I-Procedure", "I-Procedure", "B-Mood", "B-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Formal indication to oral anticoagulation beside atrial fibrillation (mechanic heart valves, recurrent thrombophlebitis, antiphospholipid syndrome) Life expectancy < 6 months (e.g., terminal cancer) Live donor transplantation scheduled within 6 months Pregnancy (ß-HCG blood-based assay)or nursing (lactating) women Women of child bearing potential, unless they are using an effective method of birth control Patient under legal guardianship Patients under law protection Known hypersensibility to coumadin or indoine derivatives or to any excipients (CI to oral AVK) Severe liver failure (CI to oral AVK)

[ "Formal", "indication", "to", "oral", "anticoagulation", "beside", "atrial", "fibrillation", "(", "mechanic", "heart", "valves", ",", "recurrent", "thrombophlebitis", ",", "antiphospholipid", "syndrome", ")", "\n", "Life", "expectancy", "<", "6", "months", "(", "e.g", ".", ",", "terminal", "cancer", ")", "\n", "Live", "donor", "transplantation", "scheduled", "within", "6", "months", "\n", "Pregnancy", "(", "ß", "-", "HCG", "blood", "-", "based", "assay)or", "nursing", "(", "lactating", ")", "women", "\n", "Women", "of", "child", "bearing", "potential", ",", "unless", "they", "are", "using", "an", "effective", "method", "of", "birth", "control", "\n", "Patient", "under", "legal", "guardianship", "\n", "Patients", "under", "law", "protection", "\n", "Known", "hypersensibility", "to", "coumadin", "or", "indoine", "derivatives", "or", "to", "any", "excipients", "(", "CI", "to", "oral", "AVK", ")", "\n", "Severe", "liver", "failure", "(", "CI", "to", "oral", "AVK", ")", "\n" ]

[ "Scope", "Condition", "Procedure", "Device", "Drug", "Observation", "Temporal", "Value", "Mood", "Qualifier" ]

indication is a Condition, oral anticoagulation is a Drug, atrial fibrillation is a Condition, mechanic heart valves , recurrent thrombophlebitis , antiphospholipid syndrome is a Scope, Life expectancy is a Observation, < 6 months is a Value, terminal cancer is a Condition, Live donor transplantation is a Procedure, scheduled is a Mood, within 6 months is a Temporal, hypersensibility is a Condition, coumadin or indoine is a Scope, Severe is a Qualifier, liver failure is a Condition

NCT02886962_exc_task1

Sentence: Formal indication to oral anticoagulation beside atrial fibrillation (mechanic heart valves, recurrent thrombophlebitis, antiphospholipid syndrome) Life expectancy < 6 months (e.g., terminal cancer) Live donor transplantation scheduled within 6 months Pregnancy (ß-HCG blood-based assay)or nursing (lactating) women Women of child bearing potential, unless they are using an effective method of birth control Patient under legal guardianship Patients under law protection Known hypersensibility to coumadin or indoine derivatives or to any excipients (CI to oral AVK) Severe liver failure (CI to oral AVK) Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: indication, oral anticoagulation, atrial fibrillation, mechanic heart valves , recurrent thrombophlebitis , antiphospholipid syndrome, Life expectancy, < 6 months, terminal cancer, Live donor transplantation, scheduled, within 6 months, hypersensibility, coumadin or indoine, Severe, liver failure Options: Temporal, Condition, Qualifier, Value, Observation, Procedure, Scope, Mood, Drug

[ "O", "B-Condition", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "B-Observation", "I-Observation", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "B-Procedure", "I-Procedure", "I-Procedure", "B-Mood", "B-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Formal indication to oral anticoagulation beside atrial fibrillation (mechanic heart valves, recurrent thrombophlebitis, antiphospholipid syndrome) Life expectancy < 6 months (e.g., terminal cancer) Live donor transplantation scheduled within 6 months Pregnancy (ß-HCG blood-based assay)or nursing (lactating) women Women of child bearing potential, unless they are using an effective method of birth control Patient under legal guardianship Patients under law protection Known hypersensibility to coumadin or indoine derivatives or to any excipients (CI to oral AVK) Severe liver failure (CI to oral AVK)

[ "Formal", "indication", "to", "oral", "anticoagulation", "beside", "atrial", "fibrillation", "(", "mechanic", "heart", "valves", ",", "recurrent", "thrombophlebitis", ",", "antiphospholipid", "syndrome", ")", "\n", "Life", "expectancy", "<", "6", "months", "(", "e.g", ".", ",", "terminal", "cancer", ")", "\n", "Live", "donor", "transplantation", "scheduled", "within", "6", "months", "\n", "Pregnancy", "(", "ß", "-", "HCG", "blood", "-", "based", "assay)or", "nursing", "(", "lactating", ")", "women", "\n", "Women", "of", "child", "bearing", "potential", ",", "unless", "they", "are", "using", "an", "effective", "method", "of", "birth", "control", "\n", "Patient", "under", "legal", "guardianship", "\n", "Patients", "under", "law", "protection", "\n", "Known", "hypersensibility", "to", "coumadin", "or", "indoine", "derivatives", "or", "to", "any", "excipients", "(", "CI", "to", "oral", "AVK", ")", "\n", "Severe", "liver", "failure", "(", "CI", "to", "oral", "AVK", ")", "\n" ]

[ "Scope", "Condition", "Procedure", "Device", "Drug", "Observation", "Temporal", "Value", "Mood", "Qualifier" ]

indication, oral anticoagulation, atrial fibrillation, mechanic heart valves , recurrent thrombophlebitis , antiphospholipid syndrome, Life expectancy, < 6 months, terminal cancer, Live donor transplantation, scheduled, within 6 months, hypersensibility, coumadin or indoine, Severe, liver failure

NCT02886962_exc_task2

Sentence: Formal indication to oral anticoagulation beside atrial fibrillation (mechanic heart valves, recurrent thrombophlebitis, antiphospholipid syndrome) Life expectancy < 6 months (e.g., terminal cancer) Live donor transplantation scheduled within 6 months Pregnancy (ß-HCG blood-based assay)or nursing (lactating) women Women of child bearing potential, unless they are using an effective method of birth control Patient under legal guardianship Patients under law protection Known hypersensibility to coumadin or indoine derivatives or to any excipients (CI to oral AVK) Severe liver failure (CI to oral AVK) Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "B-Condition", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "B-Observation", "I-Observation", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "B-Procedure", "I-Procedure", "I-Procedure", "B-Mood", "B-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Formal indication to oral anticoagulation beside atrial fibrillation (mechanic heart valves, recurrent thrombophlebitis, antiphospholipid syndrome) Life expectancy < 6 months (e.g., terminal cancer) Live donor transplantation scheduled within 6 months Pregnancy (ß-HCG blood-based assay)or nursing (lactating) women Women of child bearing potential, unless they are using an effective method of birth control Patient under legal guardianship Patients under law protection Known hypersensibility to coumadin or indoine derivatives or to any excipients (CI to oral AVK) Severe liver failure (CI to oral AVK)

[ "Formal", "indication", "to", "oral", "anticoagulation", "beside", "atrial", "fibrillation", "(", "mechanic", "heart", "valves", ",", "recurrent", "thrombophlebitis", ",", "antiphospholipid", "syndrome", ")", "\n", "Life", "expectancy", "<", "6", "months", "(", "e.g", ".", ",", "terminal", "cancer", ")", "\n", "Live", "donor", "transplantation", "scheduled", "within", "6", "months", "\n", "Pregnancy", "(", "ß", "-", "HCG", "blood", "-", "based", "assay)or", "nursing", "(", "lactating", ")", "women", "\n", "Women", "of", "child", "bearing", "potential", ",", "unless", "they", "are", "using", "an", "effective", "method", "of", "birth", "control", "\n", "Patient", "under", "legal", "guardianship", "\n", "Patients", "under", "law", "protection", "\n", "Known", "hypersensibility", "to", "coumadin", "or", "indoine", "derivatives", "or", "to", "any", "excipients", "(", "CI", "to", "oral", "AVK", ")", "\n", "Severe", "liver", "failure", "(", "CI", "to", "oral", "AVK", ")", "\n" ]

[ "Scope", "Condition", "Procedure", "Device", "Drug", "Observation", "Temporal", "Value", "Mood", "Qualifier" ]

Pain is an umlsterm, symptom is an umlsterm, weight bearing is an umlsterm, fracture is an umlsterm, diagnosis is an umlsterm, pseudarthrosis is an umlsterm, signs is an umlsterm, surgical is an umlsterm, diagnosis is an umlsterm, pseudarthrosis is an umlsterm, fracture healing is an umlsterm, evaluation is an umlsterm, surgery is an umlsterm

DerChirurg.90701209.eng.abstr_task0

Sentence: Pain is not always the leading symptom of a failed union . High primary stability often allows full weight bearing in spite of fracture instability . The difficult diagnosis of a pseudarthrosis is a reason for late intervention . Implant failure and implant breakage are typical signs of surgical underestimation . Finally , the diagnosis " pseudarthrosis " is a fluent one and is defined as a failed fracture healing despite implant stability . Recognizaton of biological and biomechanical failure , this demands correct evaluation of the global situation and extensive experience in revision surgery on the part of the surgeon . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

[ "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Pain is not always the leading symptom of a failed union . High primary stability often allows full weight bearing in spite of fracture instability . The difficult diagnosis of a pseudarthrosis is a reason for late intervention . Implant failure and implant breakage are typical signs of surgical underestimation . Finally , the diagnosis " pseudarthrosis " is a fluent one and is defined as a failed fracture healing despite implant stability . Recognizaton of biological and biomechanical failure , this demands correct evaluation of the global situation and extensive experience in revision surgery on the part of the surgeon .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Pain is an umlsterm, symptom is an umlsterm, weight bearing is an umlsterm, fracture is an umlsterm, diagnosis is an umlsterm, pseudarthrosis is an umlsterm, signs is an umlsterm, surgical is an umlsterm, diagnosis is an umlsterm, pseudarthrosis is an umlsterm, fracture healing is an umlsterm, evaluation is an umlsterm, surgery is an umlsterm

DerChirurg.90701209.eng.abstr_task1

Sentence: Pain is not always the leading symptom of a failed union . High primary stability often allows full weight bearing in spite of fracture instability . The difficult diagnosis of a pseudarthrosis is a reason for late intervention . Implant failure and implant breakage are typical signs of surgical underestimation . Finally , the diagnosis " pseudarthrosis " is a fluent one and is defined as a failed fracture healing despite implant stability . Recognizaton of biological and biomechanical failure , this demands correct evaluation of the global situation and extensive experience in revision surgery on the part of the surgeon . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Pain, symptom, weight bearing, fracture, diagnosis, pseudarthrosis, signs, surgical, diagnosis, pseudarthrosis, fracture healing, evaluation, surgery Options: umlsterm

[ "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Pain is not always the leading symptom of a failed union . High primary stability often allows full weight bearing in spite of fracture instability . The difficult diagnosis of a pseudarthrosis is a reason for late intervention . Implant failure and implant breakage are typical signs of surgical underestimation . Finally , the diagnosis " pseudarthrosis " is a fluent one and is defined as a failed fracture healing despite implant stability . Recognizaton of biological and biomechanical failure , this demands correct evaluation of the global situation and extensive experience in revision surgery on the part of the surgeon .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Pain, symptom, weight bearing, fracture, diagnosis, pseudarthrosis, signs, surgical, diagnosis, pseudarthrosis, fracture healing, evaluation, surgery

DerChirurg.90701209.eng.abstr_task2

Sentence: Pain is not always the leading symptom of a failed union . High primary stability often allows full weight bearing in spite of fracture instability . The difficult diagnosis of a pseudarthrosis is a reason for late intervention . Implant failure and implant breakage are typical signs of surgical underestimation . Finally , the diagnosis " pseudarthrosis " is a fluent one and is defined as a failed fracture healing despite implant stability . Recognizaton of biological and biomechanical failure , this demands correct evaluation of the global situation and extensive experience in revision surgery on the part of the surgeon . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Pain is not always the leading symptom of a failed union . High primary stability often allows full weight bearing in spite of fracture instability . The difficult diagnosis of a pseudarthrosis is a reason for late intervention . Implant failure and implant breakage are typical signs of surgical underestimation . Finally , the diagnosis " pseudarthrosis " is a fluent one and is defined as a failed fracture healing despite implant stability . Recognizaton of biological and biomechanical failure , this demands correct evaluation of the global situation and extensive experience in revision surgery on the part of the surgeon .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

heat shock protein 27 is a Gene_or_gene_product, HSP27 is a Gene_or_gene_product, patients is a Organism, oral squamous cell carcinoma is a Cancer, Heat shock proteins is a Gene_or_gene_product, HSPs is a Gene_or_gene_product, Heat shock protein 27 is a Gene_or_gene_product, HSP27 is a Gene_or_gene_product, small heat shock proteins is a Gene_or_gene_product, HSP27 is a Gene_or_gene_product, cancers is a Cancer, Archival tissues is a Tissue, patients is a Organism, oral squamous cell carcinoma is a Cancer, HSP27 is a Gene_or_gene_product, lymph node is a Multi-tissue_structure, HSP27 is a Gene_or_gene_product, HSP27 is a Gene_or_gene_product, lymph node is a Multi-tissue_structure, HSP27 is a Gene_or_gene_product, HSP27 is a Gene_or_gene_product, patients is a Organism, oral squamous cell carcinoma is a Cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma is a Cancer, patients is a Organism

237_task0

Sentence: Prognostic significance of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been defined as proteins induced by heat shock and other environmental and pathophysiologic stress. Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is one of the small heat shock proteins. HSP27 is implicated in protein-protein interactions such as folding, translocation, and prevention of inappropriate protein aggregation. Many of their functions suggest that they play important roles in cancers. Archival tissues from 40 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma who received primary surgical resection were examined for HSP27 by immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, histological grade and survival period. HSP27 expression was positive staining (+) in 20 (50%), weak or negative staining (-) in 20 (50%) of total 40 cases. There was no correlation between HSP27 expression and clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and histological grade. However, when compared with clinicopathological features, the expression of HSP27 correlated inversely with survival period. This study suggests that the expression of HSP27 is frequently promoted in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and should be considered an independent prognostic factor of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Tissue, Gene_or_gene_product, Organism, Cancer, Multi-tissue_structure

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Prognostic significance of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been defined as proteins induced by heat shock and other environmental and pathophysiologic stress. Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is one of the small heat shock proteins. HSP27 is implicated in protein-protein interactions such as folding, translocation, and prevention of inappropriate protein aggregation. Many of their functions suggest that they play important roles in cancers. Archival tissues from 40 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma who received primary surgical resection were examined for HSP27 by immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, histological grade and survival period. HSP27 expression was positive staining (+) in 20 (50%), weak or negative staining (-) in 20 (50%) of total 40 cases. There was no correlation between HSP27 expression and clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and histological grade. However, when compared with clinicopathological features, the expression of HSP27 correlated inversely with survival period. This study suggests that the expression of HSP27 is frequently promoted in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and should be considered an independent prognostic factor of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.

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[ "Cancer", "Gene_or_gene_product", "Tissue", "Multi-tissue_structure", "Organism" ]

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237_task1

Sentence: Prognostic significance of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been defined as proteins induced by heat shock and other environmental and pathophysiologic stress. Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is one of the small heat shock proteins. HSP27 is implicated in protein-protein interactions such as folding, translocation, and prevention of inappropriate protein aggregation. Many of their functions suggest that they play important roles in cancers. Archival tissues from 40 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma who received primary surgical resection were examined for HSP27 by immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, histological grade and survival period. HSP27 expression was positive staining (+) in 20 (50%), weak or negative staining (-) in 20 (50%) of total 40 cases. There was no correlation between HSP27 expression and clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and histological grade. However, when compared with clinicopathological features, the expression of HSP27 correlated inversely with survival period. This study suggests that the expression of HSP27 is frequently promoted in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and should be considered an independent prognostic factor of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: heat shock protein 27, HSP27, patients, oral squamous cell carcinoma, Heat shock proteins, HSPs, Heat shock protein 27, HSP27, small heat shock proteins, HSP27, cancers, Archival tissues, patients, oral squamous cell carcinoma, HSP27, lymph node, HSP27, HSP27, lymph node, HSP27, HSP27, patients, oral squamous cell carcinoma, oral squamous cell carcinoma, patients Options: Tissue, Gene_or_gene_product, Organism, Cancer, Multi-tissue_structure

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Prognostic significance of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been defined as proteins induced by heat shock and other environmental and pathophysiologic stress. Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is one of the small heat shock proteins. HSP27 is implicated in protein-protein interactions such as folding, translocation, and prevention of inappropriate protein aggregation. Many of their functions suggest that they play important roles in cancers. Archival tissues from 40 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma who received primary surgical resection were examined for HSP27 by immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, histological grade and survival period. HSP27 expression was positive staining (+) in 20 (50%), weak or negative staining (-) in 20 (50%) of total 40 cases. There was no correlation between HSP27 expression and clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and histological grade. However, when compared with clinicopathological features, the expression of HSP27 correlated inversely with survival period. This study suggests that the expression of HSP27 is frequently promoted in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and should be considered an independent prognostic factor of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.

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[ "Cancer", "Gene_or_gene_product", "Tissue", "Multi-tissue_structure", "Organism" ]

heat shock protein 27, HSP27, patients, oral squamous cell carcinoma, Heat shock proteins, HSPs, Heat shock protein 27, HSP27, small heat shock proteins, HSP27, cancers, Archival tissues, patients, oral squamous cell carcinoma, HSP27, lymph node, HSP27, HSP27, lymph node, HSP27, HSP27, patients, oral squamous cell carcinoma, oral squamous cell carcinoma, patients

237_task2

Sentence: Prognostic significance of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been defined as proteins induced by heat shock and other environmental and pathophysiologic stress. Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is one of the small heat shock proteins. HSP27 is implicated in protein-protein interactions such as folding, translocation, and prevention of inappropriate protein aggregation. Many of their functions suggest that they play important roles in cancers. Archival tissues from 40 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma who received primary surgical resection were examined for HSP27 by immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, histological grade and survival period. HSP27 expression was positive staining (+) in 20 (50%), weak or negative staining (-) in 20 (50%) of total 40 cases. There was no correlation between HSP27 expression and clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and histological grade. However, when compared with clinicopathological features, the expression of HSP27 correlated inversely with survival period. This study suggests that the expression of HSP27 is frequently promoted in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and should be considered an independent prognostic factor of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Prognostic significance of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been defined as proteins induced by heat shock and other environmental and pathophysiologic stress. Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is one of the small heat shock proteins. HSP27 is implicated in protein-protein interactions such as folding, translocation, and prevention of inappropriate protein aggregation. Many of their functions suggest that they play important roles in cancers. Archival tissues from 40 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma who received primary surgical resection were examined for HSP27 by immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, histological grade and survival period. HSP27 expression was positive staining (+) in 20 (50%), weak or negative staining (-) in 20 (50%) of total 40 cases. There was no correlation between HSP27 expression and clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and histological grade. However, when compared with clinicopathological features, the expression of HSP27 correlated inversely with survival period. This study suggests that the expression of HSP27 is frequently promoted in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and should be considered an independent prognostic factor of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.

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[ "Cancer", "Gene_or_gene_product", "Tissue", "Multi-tissue_structure", "Organism" ]

Abstract is an umlsterm, Enchondromas is an umlsterm, bone tumors is an umlsterm, hand is an umlsterm, retrospective study is an umlsterm, medical records is an umlsterm, radiographs is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, June is an umlsterm, tumor is an umlsterm, defect is an umlsterm, bone grafting is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, malignant is an umlsterm, chondrosarcoma is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, evaluation is an umlsterm, recurrences is an umlsterm, tumor is an umlsterm, enchondromas is an umlsterm, hand is an umlsterm, diagnosis is an umlsterm, pathologic fracture is an umlsterm

DerChirurg.00711152.eng.abstr_task0

Sentence: Abstract . Enchondromas are the most common bone tumors of the hand . In a retrospective study , medical records and radiographs of 112 patients were reviewed . These patients were operated on between January 1973 and June 1997. After extirpation of the tumor , the defect was preferably treated with bone grafting in 102 patients . A malignant transformation ( chondrosarcoma ) was diagnosed in 2 patients . Follow-up examination of 92 patients with a mean follow-up of 1.6 years ( range : 7 months to 14 years ) yielded excellent or good results in 76 patients ( 82.6 % ) , according to the evaluation scheme of Wilhelm and Feldmeier . Four recurrences were probably related to an incomplete resection of the tumor . The authors conclude that enchondromas of the hand should be treated surgically to prove the diagnosis and to prevent a pathologic fracture . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

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Abstract . Enchondromas are the most common bone tumors of the hand . In a retrospective study , medical records and radiographs of 112 patients were reviewed . These patients were operated on between January 1973 and June 1997. After extirpation of the tumor , the defect was preferably treated with bone grafting in 102 patients . A malignant transformation ( chondrosarcoma ) was diagnosed in 2 patients . Follow-up examination of 92 patients with a mean follow-up of 1.6 years ( range : 7 months to 14 years ) yielded excellent or good results in 76 patients ( 82.6 % ) , according to the evaluation scheme of Wilhelm and Feldmeier . Four recurrences were probably related to an incomplete resection of the tumor . The authors conclude that enchondromas of the hand should be treated surgically to prove the diagnosis and to prevent a pathologic fracture .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Abstract is an umlsterm, Enchondromas is an umlsterm, bone tumors is an umlsterm, hand is an umlsterm, retrospective study is an umlsterm, medical records is an umlsterm, radiographs is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, June is an umlsterm, tumor is an umlsterm, defect is an umlsterm, bone grafting is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, malignant is an umlsterm, chondrosarcoma is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, evaluation is an umlsterm, recurrences is an umlsterm, tumor is an umlsterm, enchondromas is an umlsterm, hand is an umlsterm, diagnosis is an umlsterm, pathologic fracture is an umlsterm

DerChirurg.00711152.eng.abstr_task1

Sentence: Abstract . Enchondromas are the most common bone tumors of the hand . In a retrospective study , medical records and radiographs of 112 patients were reviewed . These patients were operated on between January 1973 and June 1997. After extirpation of the tumor , the defect was preferably treated with bone grafting in 102 patients . A malignant transformation ( chondrosarcoma ) was diagnosed in 2 patients . Follow-up examination of 92 patients with a mean follow-up of 1.6 years ( range : 7 months to 14 years ) yielded excellent or good results in 76 patients ( 82.6 % ) , according to the evaluation scheme of Wilhelm and Feldmeier . Four recurrences were probably related to an incomplete resection of the tumor . The authors conclude that enchondromas of the hand should be treated surgically to prove the diagnosis and to prevent a pathologic fracture . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Abstract, Enchondromas, bone tumors, hand, retrospective study, medical records, radiographs, patients, patients, June, tumor, defect, bone grafting, patients, malignant, chondrosarcoma, patients, patients, patients, evaluation, recurrences, tumor, enchondromas, hand, diagnosis, pathologic fracture Options: umlsterm

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Abstract . Enchondromas are the most common bone tumors of the hand . In a retrospective study , medical records and radiographs of 112 patients were reviewed . These patients were operated on between January 1973 and June 1997. After extirpation of the tumor , the defect was preferably treated with bone grafting in 102 patients . A malignant transformation ( chondrosarcoma ) was diagnosed in 2 patients . Follow-up examination of 92 patients with a mean follow-up of 1.6 years ( range : 7 months to 14 years ) yielded excellent or good results in 76 patients ( 82.6 % ) , according to the evaluation scheme of Wilhelm and Feldmeier . Four recurrences were probably related to an incomplete resection of the tumor . The authors conclude that enchondromas of the hand should be treated surgically to prove the diagnosis and to prevent a pathologic fracture .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Abstract, Enchondromas, bone tumors, hand, retrospective study, medical records, radiographs, patients, patients, June, tumor, defect, bone grafting, patients, malignant, chondrosarcoma, patients, patients, patients, evaluation, recurrences, tumor, enchondromas, hand, diagnosis, pathologic fracture

DerChirurg.00711152.eng.abstr_task2

Sentence: Abstract . Enchondromas are the most common bone tumors of the hand . In a retrospective study , medical records and radiographs of 112 patients were reviewed . These patients were operated on between January 1973 and June 1997. After extirpation of the tumor , the defect was preferably treated with bone grafting in 102 patients . A malignant transformation ( chondrosarcoma ) was diagnosed in 2 patients . Follow-up examination of 92 patients with a mean follow-up of 1.6 years ( range : 7 months to 14 years ) yielded excellent or good results in 76 patients ( 82.6 % ) , according to the evaluation scheme of Wilhelm and Feldmeier . Four recurrences were probably related to an incomplete resection of the tumor . The authors conclude that enchondromas of the hand should be treated surgically to prove the diagnosis and to prevent a pathologic fracture . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Abstract . Enchondromas are the most common bone tumors of the hand . In a retrospective study , medical records and radiographs of 112 patients were reviewed . These patients were operated on between January 1973 and June 1997. After extirpation of the tumor , the defect was preferably treated with bone grafting in 102 patients . A malignant transformation ( chondrosarcoma ) was diagnosed in 2 patients . Follow-up examination of 92 patients with a mean follow-up of 1.6 years ( range : 7 months to 14 years ) yielded excellent or good results in 76 patients ( 82.6 % ) , according to the evaluation scheme of Wilhelm and Feldmeier . Four recurrences were probably related to an incomplete resection of the tumor . The authors conclude that enchondromas of the hand should be treated surgically to prove the diagnosis and to prevent a pathologic fracture .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Amphetamine is a CHEMICAL, human dopamine transporter is a GENE-Y, cocaine is a CHEMICAL

10823899_task0

Sentence: Amphetamine-induced loss of human dopamine transporter activity: an internalization-dependent and cocaine-sensitive mechanism. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: GENE-Y, CHEMICAL

[ "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Amphetamine-induced loss of human dopamine transporter activity: an internalization-dependent and cocaine-sensitive mechanism.

[ "Amphetamine", "-", "induced", "loss", "of", "human", "dopamine", "transporter", "activity", ":", "an", "internalization", "-", "dependent", "and", "cocaine", "-", "sensitive", "mechanism", "." ]

[ "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL", "GENE-N" ]

Amphetamine is a CHEMICAL, human dopamine transporter is a GENE-Y, cocaine is a CHEMICAL

10823899_task1

Sentence: Amphetamine-induced loss of human dopamine transporter activity: an internalization-dependent and cocaine-sensitive mechanism. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Amphetamine, human dopamine transporter, cocaine Options: GENE-Y, CHEMICAL

[ "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Amphetamine-induced loss of human dopamine transporter activity: an internalization-dependent and cocaine-sensitive mechanism.

[ "Amphetamine", "-", "induced", "loss", "of", "human", "dopamine", "transporter", "activity", ":", "an", "internalization", "-", "dependent", "and", "cocaine", "-", "sensitive", "mechanism", "." ]

[ "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL", "GENE-N" ]

Amphetamine, human dopamine transporter, cocaine

10823899_task2

Sentence: Amphetamine-induced loss of human dopamine transporter activity: an internalization-dependent and cocaine-sensitive mechanism. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Amphetamine-induced loss of human dopamine transporter activity: an internalization-dependent and cocaine-sensitive mechanism.

[ "Amphetamine", "-", "induced", "loss", "of", "human", "dopamine", "transporter", "activity", ":", "an", "internalization", "-", "dependent", "and", "cocaine", "-", "sensitive", "mechanism", "." ]

[ "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL", "GENE-N" ]

Cortisol is a compound, aspartate aminotransferase is a protein

DS.d1002_task0

Sentence: Cortisol, hematocrit, blood urea nitrogen, total protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase 0.05) after transport regardless of space allowance. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: compound, protein

[ "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Cortisol, hematocrit, blood urea nitrogen, total protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase 0.05) after transport regardless of space allowance.

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[ "protein", "compound" ]

Cortisol is a compound, aspartate aminotransferase is a protein

DS.d1002_task1

Sentence: Cortisol, hematocrit, blood urea nitrogen, total protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase 0.05) after transport regardless of space allowance. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Cortisol, aspartate aminotransferase Options: compound, protein

[ "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Cortisol, hematocrit, blood urea nitrogen, total protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase 0.05) after transport regardless of space allowance.

[ "Cortisol", ",", "hematocrit", ",", "blood", "urea", "nitrogen", ",", "total", "protein", ",", "albumin", ",", "aspartate", "aminotransferase", "0.05", ")", "after", "transport", "regardless", "of", "space", "allowance", "." ]

[ "protein", "compound" ]

Cortisol, aspartate aminotransferase

DS.d1002_task2

Sentence: Cortisol, hematocrit, blood urea nitrogen, total protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase 0.05) after transport regardless of space allowance. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Cortisol, hematocrit, blood urea nitrogen, total protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase 0.05) after transport regardless of space allowance.

[ "Cortisol", ",", "hematocrit", ",", "blood", "urea", "nitrogen", ",", "total", "protein", ",", "albumin", ",", "aspartate", "aminotransferase", "0.05", ")", "after", "transport", "regardless", "of", "space", "allowance", "." ]

[ "protein", "compound" ]

[ 3H]-RS-15385 - 197 is a CHEMICAL, alpha 2-adrenoceptors is a GENE-N

1327384_task0

Sentence: [3H]-RS-15385-197, a selective and high affinity radioligand for alpha 2-adrenoceptors: implications for receptor classification. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: GENE-N, CHEMICAL

[ "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

[3H]-RS-15385-197, a selective and high affinity radioligand for alpha 2-adrenoceptors: implications for receptor classification.

[ "[", "3H]-RS-15385", "-", "197", ",", "a", "selective", "and", "high", "affinity", "radioligand", "for", "alpha", "2-adrenoceptors", ":", "implications", "for", "receptor", "classification", "." ]

[ "GENE-Y", "GENE-N", "CHEMICAL" ]

[ 3H]-RS-15385 - 197 is a CHEMICAL, alpha 2-adrenoceptors is a GENE-N

1327384_task1

Sentence: [3H]-RS-15385-197, a selective and high affinity radioligand for alpha 2-adrenoceptors: implications for receptor classification. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: [ 3H]-RS-15385 - 197, alpha 2-adrenoceptors Options: GENE-N, CHEMICAL

[ "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

[3H]-RS-15385-197, a selective and high affinity radioligand for alpha 2-adrenoceptors: implications for receptor classification.

[ "[", "3H]-RS-15385", "-", "197", ",", "a", "selective", "and", "high", "affinity", "radioligand", "for", "alpha", "2-adrenoceptors", ":", "implications", "for", "receptor", "classification", "." ]

[ "GENE-Y", "GENE-N", "CHEMICAL" ]

[ 3H]-RS-15385 - 197, alpha 2-adrenoceptors

1327384_task2

Sentence: [3H]-RS-15385-197, a selective and high affinity radioligand for alpha 2-adrenoceptors: implications for receptor classification. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

[3H]-RS-15385-197, a selective and high affinity radioligand for alpha 2-adrenoceptors: implications for receptor classification.

[ "[", "3H]-RS-15385", "-", "197", ",", "a", "selective", "and", "high", "affinity", "radioligand", "for", "alpha", "2-adrenoceptors", ":", "implications", "for", "receptor", "classification", "." ]

[ "GENE-Y", "GENE-N", "CHEMICAL" ]

interferon beta is a Protein, interferon beta is a Protein, IFN - beta is a Protein, enhanson domains is a Entity, IFN - beta is a Protein, IRF-1 is a Protein, ISGF2 is a Protein, IFN beta is a Protein, IFN - beta is a Protein, IFN - beta is a Protein, IFN - beta is a Protein

1782151_task0

Sentence: Stimulation of interferon beta gene transcription in vitro by purified NF-kappa B and a novel TH protein. The human interferon beta (IFN-beta) regulatory element consists of multiple enhanson domains which are targets for transcription factors involved in inducible expression of the promoter. To further characterize the protein-DNA interactions mediating IFN-beta induction, positive regulatory domain (PRD) II binding proteins were purified from phorbol ester induced Jurkat T-cells and from IFN primed, cycloheximide/polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid treated HeLa S3 cells. From HeLa cells, two major proteins of 52 and 45 kilodaltons (kD) copurified with DNA binding activity, whereas from T-cells, four proteins--a major protein of 52 kD and three minor proteins of 82, 67, and 43-47 kD--were purified. Also, an induction specific DNA binding protein was purified from HeLa cells that interacted with the (AAGTGA)4 tetrahexamer sequence and the PRDI domain. This protein is immunologically distinct from IRF-1/ISGF2. Uninduced or Sendai virus induced HeLa extracts were used to examine transcription in vitro using a series of IFN beta promoter deletions. Deletions upstream of the PRDII element increased transcription in the uninduced extract, indicating predominantly negative regulation of the promoter. A 2-4-fold increase in IFN-beta promoter transcription was observed in Sendai virus induced extracts, and deletion of PRDI and PRDII elements decreased this induced level of transcription. When purified PRDII and tetrahexamer binding proteins were added to the induced extract, a 4-fold increase in transcription was observed. These experiments demonstrate that it is possible to modulate IFN-beta transcription in vitro but indicate that additional proteins may be required to fully activate IFN-beta transcription. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Entity, Protein

[ "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Entity", "I-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O" ]

Stimulation of interferon beta gene transcription in vitro by purified NF-kappa B and a novel TH protein. The human interferon beta (IFN-beta) regulatory element consists of multiple enhanson domains which are targets for transcription factors involved in inducible expression of the promoter. To further characterize the protein-DNA interactions mediating IFN-beta induction, positive regulatory domain (PRD) II binding proteins were purified from phorbol ester induced Jurkat T-cells and from IFN primed, cycloheximide/polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid treated HeLa S3 cells. From HeLa cells, two major proteins of 52 and 45 kilodaltons (kD) copurified with DNA binding activity, whereas from T-cells, four proteins--a major protein of 52 kD and three minor proteins of 82, 67, and 43-47 kD--were purified. Also, an induction specific DNA binding protein was purified from HeLa cells that interacted with the (AAGTGA)4 tetrahexamer sequence and the PRDI domain. This protein is immunologically distinct from IRF-1/ISGF2. Uninduced or Sendai virus induced HeLa extracts were used to examine transcription in vitro using a series of IFN beta promoter deletions. Deletions upstream of the PRDII element increased transcription in the uninduced extract, indicating predominantly negative regulation of the promoter. A 2-4-fold increase in IFN-beta promoter transcription was observed in Sendai virus induced extracts, and deletion of PRDI and PRDII elements decreased this induced level of transcription. When purified PRDII and tetrahexamer binding proteins were added to the induced extract, a 4-fold increase in transcription was observed. These experiments demonstrate that it is possible to modulate IFN-beta transcription in vitro but indicate that additional proteins may be required to fully activate IFN-beta transcription.

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[ "Entity", "Protein" ]

interferon beta is a Protein, interferon beta is a Protein, IFN - beta is a Protein, enhanson domains is a Entity, IFN - beta is a Protein, IRF-1 is a Protein, ISGF2 is a Protein, IFN beta is a Protein, IFN - beta is a Protein, IFN - beta is a Protein, IFN - beta is a Protein

1782151_task1

Sentence: Stimulation of interferon beta gene transcription in vitro by purified NF-kappa B and a novel TH protein. The human interferon beta (IFN-beta) regulatory element consists of multiple enhanson domains which are targets for transcription factors involved in inducible expression of the promoter. To further characterize the protein-DNA interactions mediating IFN-beta induction, positive regulatory domain (PRD) II binding proteins were purified from phorbol ester induced Jurkat T-cells and from IFN primed, cycloheximide/polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid treated HeLa S3 cells. From HeLa cells, two major proteins of 52 and 45 kilodaltons (kD) copurified with DNA binding activity, whereas from T-cells, four proteins--a major protein of 52 kD and three minor proteins of 82, 67, and 43-47 kD--were purified. Also, an induction specific DNA binding protein was purified from HeLa cells that interacted with the (AAGTGA)4 tetrahexamer sequence and the PRDI domain. This protein is immunologically distinct from IRF-1/ISGF2. Uninduced or Sendai virus induced HeLa extracts were used to examine transcription in vitro using a series of IFN beta promoter deletions. Deletions upstream of the PRDII element increased transcription in the uninduced extract, indicating predominantly negative regulation of the promoter. A 2-4-fold increase in IFN-beta promoter transcription was observed in Sendai virus induced extracts, and deletion of PRDI and PRDII elements decreased this induced level of transcription. When purified PRDII and tetrahexamer binding proteins were added to the induced extract, a 4-fold increase in transcription was observed. These experiments demonstrate that it is possible to modulate IFN-beta transcription in vitro but indicate that additional proteins may be required to fully activate IFN-beta transcription. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: interferon beta, interferon beta, IFN - beta, enhanson domains, IFN - beta, IRF-1, ISGF2, IFN beta, IFN - beta, IFN - beta, IFN - beta Options: Entity, Protein

[ "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Entity", "I-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O" ]

Stimulation of interferon beta gene transcription in vitro by purified NF-kappa B and a novel TH protein. The human interferon beta (IFN-beta) regulatory element consists of multiple enhanson domains which are targets for transcription factors involved in inducible expression of the promoter. To further characterize the protein-DNA interactions mediating IFN-beta induction, positive regulatory domain (PRD) II binding proteins were purified from phorbol ester induced Jurkat T-cells and from IFN primed, cycloheximide/polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid treated HeLa S3 cells. From HeLa cells, two major proteins of 52 and 45 kilodaltons (kD) copurified with DNA binding activity, whereas from T-cells, four proteins--a major protein of 52 kD and three minor proteins of 82, 67, and 43-47 kD--were purified. Also, an induction specific DNA binding protein was purified from HeLa cells that interacted with the (AAGTGA)4 tetrahexamer sequence and the PRDI domain. This protein is immunologically distinct from IRF-1/ISGF2. Uninduced or Sendai virus induced HeLa extracts were used to examine transcription in vitro using a series of IFN beta promoter deletions. Deletions upstream of the PRDII element increased transcription in the uninduced extract, indicating predominantly negative regulation of the promoter. A 2-4-fold increase in IFN-beta promoter transcription was observed in Sendai virus induced extracts, and deletion of PRDI and PRDII elements decreased this induced level of transcription. When purified PRDII and tetrahexamer binding proteins were added to the induced extract, a 4-fold increase in transcription was observed. These experiments demonstrate that it is possible to modulate IFN-beta transcription in vitro but indicate that additional proteins may be required to fully activate IFN-beta transcription.

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[ "Entity", "Protein" ]

interferon beta, interferon beta, IFN - beta, enhanson domains, IFN - beta, IRF-1, ISGF2, IFN beta, IFN - beta, IFN - beta, IFN - beta

1782151_task2

Sentence: Stimulation of interferon beta gene transcription in vitro by purified NF-kappa B and a novel TH protein. The human interferon beta (IFN-beta) regulatory element consists of multiple enhanson domains which are targets for transcription factors involved in inducible expression of the promoter. To further characterize the protein-DNA interactions mediating IFN-beta induction, positive regulatory domain (PRD) II binding proteins were purified from phorbol ester induced Jurkat T-cells and from IFN primed, cycloheximide/polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid treated HeLa S3 cells. From HeLa cells, two major proteins of 52 and 45 kilodaltons (kD) copurified with DNA binding activity, whereas from T-cells, four proteins--a major protein of 52 kD and three minor proteins of 82, 67, and 43-47 kD--were purified. Also, an induction specific DNA binding protein was purified from HeLa cells that interacted with the (AAGTGA)4 tetrahexamer sequence and the PRDI domain. This protein is immunologically distinct from IRF-1/ISGF2. Uninduced or Sendai virus induced HeLa extracts were used to examine transcription in vitro using a series of IFN beta promoter deletions. Deletions upstream of the PRDII element increased transcription in the uninduced extract, indicating predominantly negative regulation of the promoter. A 2-4-fold increase in IFN-beta promoter transcription was observed in Sendai virus induced extracts, and deletion of PRDI and PRDII elements decreased this induced level of transcription. When purified PRDII and tetrahexamer binding proteins were added to the induced extract, a 4-fold increase in transcription was observed. These experiments demonstrate that it is possible to modulate IFN-beta transcription in vitro but indicate that additional proteins may be required to fully activate IFN-beta transcription. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Stimulation of interferon beta gene transcription in vitro by purified NF-kappa B and a novel TH protein. The human interferon beta (IFN-beta) regulatory element consists of multiple enhanson domains which are targets for transcription factors involved in inducible expression of the promoter. To further characterize the protein-DNA interactions mediating IFN-beta induction, positive regulatory domain (PRD) II binding proteins were purified from phorbol ester induced Jurkat T-cells and from IFN primed, cycloheximide/polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid treated HeLa S3 cells. From HeLa cells, two major proteins of 52 and 45 kilodaltons (kD) copurified with DNA binding activity, whereas from T-cells, four proteins--a major protein of 52 kD and three minor proteins of 82, 67, and 43-47 kD--were purified. Also, an induction specific DNA binding protein was purified from HeLa cells that interacted with the (AAGTGA)4 tetrahexamer sequence and the PRDI domain. This protein is immunologically distinct from IRF-1/ISGF2. Uninduced or Sendai virus induced HeLa extracts were used to examine transcription in vitro using a series of IFN beta promoter deletions. Deletions upstream of the PRDII element increased transcription in the uninduced extract, indicating predominantly negative regulation of the promoter. A 2-4-fold increase in IFN-beta promoter transcription was observed in Sendai virus induced extracts, and deletion of PRDI and PRDII elements decreased this induced level of transcription. When purified PRDII and tetrahexamer binding proteins were added to the induced extract, a 4-fold increase in transcription was observed. These experiments demonstrate that it is possible to modulate IFN-beta transcription in vitro but indicate that additional proteins may be required to fully activate IFN-beta transcription.

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[ "Entity", "Protein" ]

Hemiarthroplasty is a Intervention_Physical, internal fixation with percutaneous cannulated screws is a Intervention_Physical, displaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly : is a Participant_Condition, cost - effectiveness is a Outcome_Other, hemiarthroplasty is a Intervention_Surgical, quality - adjusted life years is a Outcome_Other, internal fixation . is a Intervention_Surgical, direct hospital costs , total hospital costs , and total costs is a Outcome_Other

52211_task0

Sentence: Hemiarthroplasty compared to internal fixation with percutaneous cannulated screws as treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly : cost-utility analysis performed alongside a randomized , controlled trial . UNLABELLED We estimated the cost-effectiveness of hemiarthroplasty compared to internal fixation for elderly patients with displaced femoral neck fractures . Over 2 years , patients treated with hemiarthroplasty gained more quality-adjusted life years than patients treated with internal fixation . In addition , costs for hemiarthroplasty were lower . Hemiarthroplasty was thus cost effective . INTRODUCTION Estimating the cost utility of hemiarthroplasty compared to internal fixation in the treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly . METHODS A cost-utility analysis ( CUA ) was conducted alongside a clinical randomized controlled trial at a university hospital in Norway ; 166 patients , 124 ( 75 % ) women with a mean age of 82 years were randomized to either internal fixation ( n = 86 ) or hemiarthroplasty ( n = 80 ) . Patients were followed up at 4 , 12 , and 24 months . Health-related quality of life was assessed with the EQ-5D , and in combination with time used to calculate patients ' quality-adjusted life years ( QALYs ) . Resource use was identified , quantified , and valued for direct and indirect hospital costs and for societal costs . Results were expressed in incremental cost-effectiveness ratios . RESULTS Over the 2-year period , patients treated with hemiarthroplasty gained 0.15-0.20 more QALYs than patients treated with internal fixation . For the hemiarthroplasty group , the direct hospital costs , total hospital costs , and total costs were non-significantly less costly compared with the internal fixation group , with an incremental cost of €2,731 ( p = 0.81 ) , €2,474 ( p = 0.80 ) , and €14,160 ( p = 0.07 ) , respectively . Thus , hemiarthroplasty was the dominant treatment . Sensitivity analyses by bootstrapping supported these findings . CONCLUSION Hemiarthroplasty was a cost-effective treatment . Trial registration , NCT00464230 . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Physical, Outcome_Other, Intervention_Surgical, Participant_Condition

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Hemiarthroplasty compared to internal fixation with percutaneous cannulated screws as treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly : cost-utility analysis performed alongside a randomized , controlled trial . UNLABELLED We estimated the cost-effectiveness of hemiarthroplasty compared to internal fixation for elderly patients with displaced femoral neck fractures . Over 2 years , patients treated with hemiarthroplasty gained more quality-adjusted life years than patients treated with internal fixation . In addition , costs for hemiarthroplasty were lower . Hemiarthroplasty was thus cost effective . INTRODUCTION Estimating the cost utility of hemiarthroplasty compared to internal fixation in the treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly . METHODS A cost-utility analysis ( CUA ) was conducted alongside a clinical randomized controlled trial at a university hospital in Norway ; 166 patients , 124 ( 75 % ) women with a mean age of 82 years were randomized to either internal fixation ( n = 86 ) or hemiarthroplasty ( n = 80 ) . Patients were followed up at 4 , 12 , and 24 months . Health-related quality of life was assessed with the EQ-5D , and in combination with time used to calculate patients ' quality-adjusted life years ( QALYs ) . Resource use was identified , quantified , and valued for direct and indirect hospital costs and for societal costs . Results were expressed in incremental cost-effectiveness ratios . RESULTS Over the 2-year period , patients treated with hemiarthroplasty gained 0.15-0.20 more QALYs than patients treated with internal fixation . For the hemiarthroplasty group , the direct hospital costs , total hospital costs , and total costs were non-significantly less costly compared with the internal fixation group , with an incremental cost of €2,731 ( p = 0.81 ) , €2,474 ( p = 0.80 ) , and €14,160 ( p = 0.07 ) , respectively . Thus , hemiarthroplasty was the dominant treatment . Sensitivity analyses by bootstrapping supported these findings . CONCLUSION Hemiarthroplasty was a cost-effective treatment . Trial registration , NCT00464230 .

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[ "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Physical", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Surgical" ]

Hemiarthroplasty is a Intervention_Physical, internal fixation with percutaneous cannulated screws is a Intervention_Physical, displaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly : is a Participant_Condition, cost - effectiveness is a Outcome_Other, hemiarthroplasty is a Intervention_Surgical, quality - adjusted life years is a Outcome_Other, internal fixation . is a Intervention_Surgical, direct hospital costs , total hospital costs , and total costs is a Outcome_Other

52211_task1

Sentence: Hemiarthroplasty compared to internal fixation with percutaneous cannulated screws as treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly : cost-utility analysis performed alongside a randomized , controlled trial . UNLABELLED We estimated the cost-effectiveness of hemiarthroplasty compared to internal fixation for elderly patients with displaced femoral neck fractures . Over 2 years , patients treated with hemiarthroplasty gained more quality-adjusted life years than patients treated with internal fixation . In addition , costs for hemiarthroplasty were lower . Hemiarthroplasty was thus cost effective . INTRODUCTION Estimating the cost utility of hemiarthroplasty compared to internal fixation in the treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly . METHODS A cost-utility analysis ( CUA ) was conducted alongside a clinical randomized controlled trial at a university hospital in Norway ; 166 patients , 124 ( 75 % ) women with a mean age of 82 years were randomized to either internal fixation ( n = 86 ) or hemiarthroplasty ( n = 80 ) . Patients were followed up at 4 , 12 , and 24 months . Health-related quality of life was assessed with the EQ-5D , and in combination with time used to calculate patients ' quality-adjusted life years ( QALYs ) . Resource use was identified , quantified , and valued for direct and indirect hospital costs and for societal costs . Results were expressed in incremental cost-effectiveness ratios . RESULTS Over the 2-year period , patients treated with hemiarthroplasty gained 0.15-0.20 more QALYs than patients treated with internal fixation . For the hemiarthroplasty group , the direct hospital costs , total hospital costs , and total costs were non-significantly less costly compared with the internal fixation group , with an incremental cost of €2,731 ( p = 0.81 ) , €2,474 ( p = 0.80 ) , and €14,160 ( p = 0.07 ) , respectively . Thus , hemiarthroplasty was the dominant treatment . Sensitivity analyses by bootstrapping supported these findings . CONCLUSION Hemiarthroplasty was a cost-effective treatment . Trial registration , NCT00464230 . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Hemiarthroplasty, internal fixation with percutaneous cannulated screws, displaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly :, cost - effectiveness, hemiarthroplasty, quality - adjusted life years, internal fixation ., direct hospital costs , total hospital costs , and total costs Options: Intervention_Physical, Outcome_Other, Intervention_Surgical, Participant_Condition

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Hemiarthroplasty compared to internal fixation with percutaneous cannulated screws as treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly : cost-utility analysis performed alongside a randomized , controlled trial . UNLABELLED We estimated the cost-effectiveness of hemiarthroplasty compared to internal fixation for elderly patients with displaced femoral neck fractures . Over 2 years , patients treated with hemiarthroplasty gained more quality-adjusted life years than patients treated with internal fixation . In addition , costs for hemiarthroplasty were lower . Hemiarthroplasty was thus cost effective . INTRODUCTION Estimating the cost utility of hemiarthroplasty compared to internal fixation in the treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly . METHODS A cost-utility analysis ( CUA ) was conducted alongside a clinical randomized controlled trial at a university hospital in Norway ; 166 patients , 124 ( 75 % ) women with a mean age of 82 years were randomized to either internal fixation ( n = 86 ) or hemiarthroplasty ( n = 80 ) . Patients were followed up at 4 , 12 , and 24 months . Health-related quality of life was assessed with the EQ-5D , and in combination with time used to calculate patients ' quality-adjusted life years ( QALYs ) . Resource use was identified , quantified , and valued for direct and indirect hospital costs and for societal costs . Results were expressed in incremental cost-effectiveness ratios . RESULTS Over the 2-year period , patients treated with hemiarthroplasty gained 0.15-0.20 more QALYs than patients treated with internal fixation . For the hemiarthroplasty group , the direct hospital costs , total hospital costs , and total costs were non-significantly less costly compared with the internal fixation group , with an incremental cost of €2,731 ( p = 0.81 ) , €2,474 ( p = 0.80 ) , and €14,160 ( p = 0.07 ) , respectively . Thus , hemiarthroplasty was the dominant treatment . Sensitivity analyses by bootstrapping supported these findings . CONCLUSION Hemiarthroplasty was a cost-effective treatment . Trial registration , NCT00464230 .

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[ "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Physical", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Surgical" ]