bio-datasets/bigbio-ner-merged · Datasets at Hugging Face

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Vergleichsanalyse is an umlsterm, Schaedel - Hirnverletzungen is an umlsterm, Methode is an umlsterm, SHT is an umlsterm, Hirnkontusionen is an umlsterm, SHT is an umlsterm, Gewalteinwirkung is an umlsterm, Hirnverletzungen is an umlsterm, Schaedelfrakturen is an umlsterm, Trepanationen is an umlsterm, Kontusion is an umlsterm, Unfall is an umlsterm, Verletzungen is an umlsterm, Gehirnes is an umlsterm	Rechtsmedizin.80090014.ger.abstr_task0	Sentence: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung : Vergleichsanalyse von Subduralhaematomen ( SDH ) mit bzw. ohne weitere Schaedel-Hirnverletzungen . Methode , Untersuchungsgut : 166 toedliche stumpfe Schaedel-Hirn-Traumen ( SHT ) 1987-1997 ; ein Untersucher . Im Material enthalten waren 42 SDH bei starken Hirnkontusionen und 30 isolierte SDH . Resultate : Bei SHT mit eindeutiger Ursache und Verletzungsrichtung ( Beispiel : Stuerze aus dem Stand ) hing die Haeufigkeit eines SDH von der Richtung der Gewalteinwirkung ab : bei occipitalem Aufschlag lag in 12 von 38 Faellen ein SDH vor , bei lateralem in 12 von 17 und bei frontalem in 4 von 5 Faellen . Faelle mit isoliertem SDH unterschieden sich deutlich von den mit Hirnverletzungen kombinierten SDH , u.a. durch die Verletzungsumstaende , das Vorliegen von Schaedelfrakturen , die Haeufigkeit noch erfolgter Klinikeinlieferungen und Trepanationen sowie den Anteil chronischer Alkoholiker . Aufgrund von Befunden und Umstaenden her unverdaechtige " Sturzereignisse " lagen 28 von 42 Faellen bei SDH mit Kontusion , aber nur 11 von 30 bei isoliertem SDH zugrunde ; bei Fremdeinwirkungen waren dies 5/42 bzw. 8/30 Faelle ; nicht zwischen Unfall und Fremdeinwirkung zu unterscheiden war bei der ersten Gruppe nur ein Fall , beim isolierten SDH waren es 11 von 30. Schlussfolgerung : Das isolierte SDH " " ist gutachtlich oft besonders problematisch , da hier haeufig folgende Faktoren kombiniert sind dubiose Umstaende , : verdaechtige Verletzungen , aber keine vom Befund her allein beweiskraeftige Rekonstruktion der Art der Einwirkung moeglich . In diesen Faellen ist ein besonders vorsichtiges und aufwendiges praeparatorisches Vorgehen bereits von der Entnahme des Gehirnes an notwendig , um ueber den Nachweis der Blutungsquelle die Frage nach einer tatsaechlich traumatischen Genese zuverlaessig beantworten zu koennen . 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Methode , Untersuchungsgut : 166 toedliche stumpfe Schaedel-Hirn-Traumen ( SHT ) 1987-1997 ; ein Untersucher . Im Material enthalten waren 42 SDH bei starken Hirnkontusionen und 30 isolierte SDH . Resultate : Bei SHT mit eindeutiger Ursache und Verletzungsrichtung ( Beispiel : Stuerze aus dem Stand ) hing die Haeufigkeit eines SDH von der Richtung der Gewalteinwirkung ab : bei occipitalem Aufschlag lag in 12 von 38 Faellen ein SDH vor , bei lateralem in 12 von 17 und bei frontalem in 4 von 5 Faellen . Faelle mit isoliertem SDH unterschieden sich deutlich von den mit Hirnverletzungen kombinierten SDH , u.a. durch die Verletzungsumstaende , das Vorliegen von Schaedelfrakturen , die Haeufigkeit noch erfolgter Klinikeinlieferungen und Trepanationen sowie den Anteil chronischer Alkoholiker . Aufgrund von Befunden und Umstaenden her unverdaechtige " Sturzereignisse " lagen 28 von 42 Faellen bei SDH mit Kontusion , aber nur 11 von 30 bei isoliertem SDH zugrunde ; bei Fremdeinwirkungen waren dies 5/42 bzw. 8/30 Faelle ; nicht zwischen Unfall und Fremdeinwirkung zu unterscheiden war bei der ersten Gruppe nur ein Fall , beim isolierten SDH waren es 11 von 30. Schlussfolgerung : Das isolierte SDH " " ist gutachtlich oft besonders problematisch , da hier haeufig folgende Faktoren kombiniert sind dubiose Umstaende , : verdaechtige Verletzungen , aber keine vom Befund her allein beweiskraeftige Rekonstruktion der Art der Einwirkung moeglich . In diesen Faellen ist ein besonders vorsichtiges und aufwendiges praeparatorisches Vorgehen bereits von der Entnahme des Gehirnes an notwendig , um ueber den Nachweis der Blutungsquelle die Frage nach einer tatsaechlich traumatischen Genese zuverlaessig beantworten zu koennen .	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Vergleichsanalyse is an umlsterm, Schaedel - Hirnverletzungen is an umlsterm, Methode is an umlsterm, SHT is an umlsterm, Hirnkontusionen is an umlsterm, SHT is an umlsterm, Gewalteinwirkung is an umlsterm, Hirnverletzungen is an umlsterm, Schaedelfrakturen is an umlsterm, Trepanationen is an umlsterm, Kontusion is an umlsterm, Unfall is an umlsterm, Verletzungen is an umlsterm, Gehirnes is an umlsterm	Rechtsmedizin.80090014.ger.abstr_task1	Sentence: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung : Vergleichsanalyse von Subduralhaematomen ( SDH ) mit bzw. ohne weitere Schaedel-Hirnverletzungen . Methode , Untersuchungsgut : 166 toedliche stumpfe Schaedel-Hirn-Traumen ( SHT ) 1987-1997 ; ein Untersucher . Im Material enthalten waren 42 SDH bei starken Hirnkontusionen und 30 isolierte SDH . Resultate : Bei SHT mit eindeutiger Ursache und Verletzungsrichtung ( Beispiel : Stuerze aus dem Stand ) hing die Haeufigkeit eines SDH von der Richtung der Gewalteinwirkung ab : bei occipitalem Aufschlag lag in 12 von 38 Faellen ein SDH vor , bei lateralem in 12 von 17 und bei frontalem in 4 von 5 Faellen . Faelle mit isoliertem SDH unterschieden sich deutlich von den mit Hirnverletzungen kombinierten SDH , u.a. durch die Verletzungsumstaende , das Vorliegen von Schaedelfrakturen , die Haeufigkeit noch erfolgter Klinikeinlieferungen und Trepanationen sowie den Anteil chronischer Alkoholiker . Aufgrund von Befunden und Umstaenden her unverdaechtige " Sturzereignisse " lagen 28 von 42 Faellen bei SDH mit Kontusion , aber nur 11 von 30 bei isoliertem SDH zugrunde ; bei Fremdeinwirkungen waren dies 5/42 bzw. 8/30 Faelle ; nicht zwischen Unfall und Fremdeinwirkung zu unterscheiden war bei der ersten Gruppe nur ein Fall , beim isolierten SDH waren es 11 von 30. Schlussfolgerung : Das isolierte SDH " " ist gutachtlich oft besonders problematisch , da hier haeufig folgende Faktoren kombiniert sind dubiose Umstaende , : verdaechtige Verletzungen , aber keine vom Befund her allein beweiskraeftige Rekonstruktion der Art der Einwirkung moeglich . In diesen Faellen ist ein besonders vorsichtiges und aufwendiges praeparatorisches Vorgehen bereits von der Entnahme des Gehirnes an notwendig , um ueber den Nachweis der Blutungsquelle die Frage nach einer tatsaechlich traumatischen Genese zuverlaessig beantworten zu koennen . 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Methode , Untersuchungsgut : 166 toedliche stumpfe Schaedel-Hirn-Traumen ( SHT ) 1987-1997 ; ein Untersucher . Im Material enthalten waren 42 SDH bei starken Hirnkontusionen und 30 isolierte SDH . Resultate : Bei SHT mit eindeutiger Ursache und Verletzungsrichtung ( Beispiel : Stuerze aus dem Stand ) hing die Haeufigkeit eines SDH von der Richtung der Gewalteinwirkung ab : bei occipitalem Aufschlag lag in 12 von 38 Faellen ein SDH vor , bei lateralem in 12 von 17 und bei frontalem in 4 von 5 Faellen . Faelle mit isoliertem SDH unterschieden sich deutlich von den mit Hirnverletzungen kombinierten SDH , u.a. durch die Verletzungsumstaende , das Vorliegen von Schaedelfrakturen , die Haeufigkeit noch erfolgter Klinikeinlieferungen und Trepanationen sowie den Anteil chronischer Alkoholiker . Aufgrund von Befunden und Umstaenden her unverdaechtige " Sturzereignisse " lagen 28 von 42 Faellen bei SDH mit Kontusion , aber nur 11 von 30 bei isoliertem SDH zugrunde ; bei Fremdeinwirkungen waren dies 5/42 bzw. 8/30 Faelle ; nicht zwischen Unfall und Fremdeinwirkung zu unterscheiden war bei der ersten Gruppe nur ein Fall , beim isolierten SDH waren es 11 von 30. Schlussfolgerung : Das isolierte SDH " " ist gutachtlich oft besonders problematisch , da hier haeufig folgende Faktoren kombiniert sind dubiose Umstaende , : verdaechtige Verletzungen , aber keine vom Befund her allein beweiskraeftige Rekonstruktion der Art der Einwirkung moeglich . In diesen Faellen ist ein besonders vorsichtiges und aufwendiges praeparatorisches Vorgehen bereits von der Entnahme des Gehirnes an notwendig , um ueber den Nachweis der Blutungsquelle die Frage nach einer tatsaechlich traumatischen Genese zuverlaessig beantworten zu koennen .	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Vergleichsanalyse, Schaedel - Hirnverletzungen, Methode, SHT, Hirnkontusionen, SHT, Gewalteinwirkung, Hirnverletzungen, Schaedelfrakturen, Trepanationen, Kontusion, Unfall, Verletzungen, Gehirnes	Rechtsmedizin.80090014.ger.abstr_task2	Sentence: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung : Vergleichsanalyse von Subduralhaematomen ( SDH ) mit bzw. ohne weitere Schaedel-Hirnverletzungen . Methode , Untersuchungsgut : 166 toedliche stumpfe Schaedel-Hirn-Traumen ( SHT ) 1987-1997 ; ein Untersucher . Im Material enthalten waren 42 SDH bei starken Hirnkontusionen und 30 isolierte SDH . Resultate : Bei SHT mit eindeutiger Ursache und Verletzungsrichtung ( Beispiel : Stuerze aus dem Stand ) hing die Haeufigkeit eines SDH von der Richtung der Gewalteinwirkung ab : bei occipitalem Aufschlag lag in 12 von 38 Faellen ein SDH vor , bei lateralem in 12 von 17 und bei frontalem in 4 von 5 Faellen . Faelle mit isoliertem SDH unterschieden sich deutlich von den mit Hirnverletzungen kombinierten SDH , u.a. durch die Verletzungsumstaende , das Vorliegen von Schaedelfrakturen , die Haeufigkeit noch erfolgter Klinikeinlieferungen und Trepanationen sowie den Anteil chronischer Alkoholiker . Aufgrund von Befunden und Umstaenden her unverdaechtige " Sturzereignisse " lagen 28 von 42 Faellen bei SDH mit Kontusion , aber nur 11 von 30 bei isoliertem SDH zugrunde ; bei Fremdeinwirkungen waren dies 5/42 bzw. 8/30 Faelle ; nicht zwischen Unfall und Fremdeinwirkung zu unterscheiden war bei der ersten Gruppe nur ein Fall , beim isolierten SDH waren es 11 von 30. Schlussfolgerung : Das isolierte SDH " " ist gutachtlich oft besonders problematisch , da hier haeufig folgende Faktoren kombiniert sind dubiose Umstaende , : verdaechtige Verletzungen , aber keine vom Befund her allein beweiskraeftige Rekonstruktion der Art der Einwirkung moeglich . In diesen Faellen ist ein besonders vorsichtiges und aufwendiges praeparatorisches Vorgehen bereits von der Entnahme des Gehirnes an notwendig , um ueber den Nachweis der Blutungsquelle die Frage nach einer tatsaechlich traumatischen Genese zuverlaessig beantworten zu koennen . 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Methode , Untersuchungsgut : 166 toedliche stumpfe Schaedel-Hirn-Traumen ( SHT ) 1987-1997 ; ein Untersucher . Im Material enthalten waren 42 SDH bei starken Hirnkontusionen und 30 isolierte SDH . Resultate : Bei SHT mit eindeutiger Ursache und Verletzungsrichtung ( Beispiel : Stuerze aus dem Stand ) hing die Haeufigkeit eines SDH von der Richtung der Gewalteinwirkung ab : bei occipitalem Aufschlag lag in 12 von 38 Faellen ein SDH vor , bei lateralem in 12 von 17 und bei frontalem in 4 von 5 Faellen . Faelle mit isoliertem SDH unterschieden sich deutlich von den mit Hirnverletzungen kombinierten SDH , u.a. durch die Verletzungsumstaende , das Vorliegen von Schaedelfrakturen , die Haeufigkeit noch erfolgter Klinikeinlieferungen und Trepanationen sowie den Anteil chronischer Alkoholiker . Aufgrund von Befunden und Umstaenden her unverdaechtige " Sturzereignisse " lagen 28 von 42 Faellen bei SDH mit Kontusion , aber nur 11 von 30 bei isoliertem SDH zugrunde ; bei Fremdeinwirkungen waren dies 5/42 bzw. 8/30 Faelle ; nicht zwischen Unfall und Fremdeinwirkung zu unterscheiden war bei der ersten Gruppe nur ein Fall , beim isolierten SDH waren es 11 von 30. Schlussfolgerung : Das isolierte SDH " " ist gutachtlich oft besonders problematisch , da hier haeufig folgende Faktoren kombiniert sind dubiose Umstaende , : verdaechtige Verletzungen , aber keine vom Befund her allein beweiskraeftige Rekonstruktion der Art der Einwirkung moeglich . In diesen Faellen ist ein besonders vorsichtiges und aufwendiges praeparatorisches Vorgehen bereits von der Entnahme des Gehirnes an notwendig , um ueber den Nachweis der Blutungsquelle die Frage nach einer tatsaechlich traumatischen Genese zuverlaessig beantworten zu koennen .	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Caudal epidural analgesia is a Intervention_Pharmacological, lidocaine alone is a Intervention_Pharmacological, combination with ketamine is a Intervention_Pharmacological, lidocaine and a combination of lidocaine and ketamine is a Intervention_Pharmacological, epidural lidocaine is a Intervention_Pharmacological, lidocaine - ketamine mixture is a Intervention_Pharmacological, lidocaine - ketamine mixture . is a Intervention_Pharmacological, lidocaine plus ketamine is a Intervention_Pharmacological	65603_task0	Sentence: Caudal epidural analgesia using lidocaine alone or in combination with ketamine in dromedary camels Camelus dromedarius . This study was performed to investigate the analgesic effect of lidocaine and a combination of lidocaine and ketamine following epidural administration in dromedary camels . Ten 12-18-month-old camels were randomly divided into two equal groups . In group L , the animals received 2 % lidocaine ( 0.22 mg/kg ) and in group LK the animals received a mixture of 10 % ketamine ( 1 mg/kg ) and 2 % lidocaine ( 0.22 mg/kg ) administered into the first intercoccygeal ( Co1-Co2 ) epidural space while standing . Onset time and duration of caudal analgesia , sedation level and ataxia were recorded after drug administration . Data were analysed by U Mann-Whitney tests and significance was taken as p & lt ; 0.05 . The results showed that epidural lidocaine and co-administration of lidocaine and ketamine produced complete analgesia in the tail , anus and perineum . Epidural administration of the lidocaine-ketamine mixture resulted in mild to moderate sedation , whilst the animals that received epidural lidocaine alone were alert and nervous during the study . Ataxia was observed in all test subjects and was slightly more severe in camels that received the lidocaine-ketamine mixture . It was concluded that epidural administration of lidocaine plus ketamine resulted in longer caudal analgesia in standing conscious dromedary camels compared with the effect of administering lidocaine alone . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Pharmacological	[ "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Caudal epidural analgesia using lidocaine alone or in combination with ketamine in dromedary camels Camelus dromedarius . This study was performed to investigate the analgesic effect of lidocaine and a combination of lidocaine and ketamine following epidural administration in dromedary camels . Ten 12-18-month-old camels were randomly divided into two equal groups . In group L , the animals received 2 % lidocaine ( 0.22 mg/kg ) and in group LK the animals received a mixture of 10 % ketamine ( 1 mg/kg ) and 2 % lidocaine ( 0.22 mg/kg ) administered into the first intercoccygeal ( Co1-Co2 ) epidural space while standing . Onset time and duration of caudal analgesia , sedation level and ataxia were recorded after drug administration . Data were analysed by U Mann-Whitney tests and significance was taken as p & lt ; 0.05 . The results showed that epidural lidocaine and co-administration of lidocaine and ketamine produced complete analgesia in the tail , anus and perineum . Epidural administration of the lidocaine-ketamine mixture resulted in mild to moderate sedation , whilst the animals that received epidural lidocaine alone were alert and nervous during the study . Ataxia was observed in all test subjects and was slightly more severe in camels that received the lidocaine-ketamine mixture . It was concluded that epidural administration of lidocaine plus ketamine resulted in longer caudal analgesia in standing conscious dromedary camels compared with the effect of administering lidocaine alone .	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Caudal epidural analgesia is a Intervention_Pharmacological, lidocaine alone is a Intervention_Pharmacological, combination with ketamine is a Intervention_Pharmacological, lidocaine and a combination of lidocaine and ketamine is a Intervention_Pharmacological, epidural lidocaine is a Intervention_Pharmacological, lidocaine - ketamine mixture is a Intervention_Pharmacological, lidocaine - ketamine mixture . is a Intervention_Pharmacological, lidocaine plus ketamine is a Intervention_Pharmacological	65603_task1	Sentence: Caudal epidural analgesia using lidocaine alone or in combination with ketamine in dromedary camels Camelus dromedarius . This study was performed to investigate the analgesic effect of lidocaine and a combination of lidocaine and ketamine following epidural administration in dromedary camels . Ten 12-18-month-old camels were randomly divided into two equal groups . In group L , the animals received 2 % lidocaine ( 0.22 mg/kg ) and in group LK the animals received a mixture of 10 % ketamine ( 1 mg/kg ) and 2 % lidocaine ( 0.22 mg/kg ) administered into the first intercoccygeal ( Co1-Co2 ) epidural space while standing . Onset time and duration of caudal analgesia , sedation level and ataxia were recorded after drug administration . Data were analysed by U Mann-Whitney tests and significance was taken as p & lt ; 0.05 . The results showed that epidural lidocaine and co-administration of lidocaine and ketamine produced complete analgesia in the tail , anus and perineum . Epidural administration of the lidocaine-ketamine mixture resulted in mild to moderate sedation , whilst the animals that received epidural lidocaine alone were alert and nervous during the study . Ataxia was observed in all test subjects and was slightly more severe in camels that received the lidocaine-ketamine mixture . It was concluded that epidural administration of lidocaine plus ketamine resulted in longer caudal analgesia in standing conscious dromedary camels compared with the effect of administering lidocaine alone . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Caudal epidural analgesia, lidocaine alone, combination with ketamine, lidocaine and a combination of lidocaine and ketamine, epidural lidocaine, lidocaine - ketamine mixture, lidocaine - ketamine mixture ., lidocaine plus ketamine Options: Intervention_Pharmacological	[ "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Caudal epidural analgesia using lidocaine alone or in combination with ketamine in dromedary camels Camelus dromedarius . This study was performed to investigate the analgesic effect of lidocaine and a combination of lidocaine and ketamine following epidural administration in dromedary camels . Ten 12-18-month-old camels were randomly divided into two equal groups . In group L , the animals received 2 % lidocaine ( 0.22 mg/kg ) and in group LK the animals received a mixture of 10 % ketamine ( 1 mg/kg ) and 2 % lidocaine ( 0.22 mg/kg ) administered into the first intercoccygeal ( Co1-Co2 ) epidural space while standing . Onset time and duration of caudal analgesia , sedation level and ataxia were recorded after drug administration . Data were analysed by U Mann-Whitney tests and significance was taken as p & lt ; 0.05 . The results showed that epidural lidocaine and co-administration of lidocaine and ketamine produced complete analgesia in the tail , anus and perineum . Epidural administration of the lidocaine-ketamine mixture resulted in mild to moderate sedation , whilst the animals that received epidural lidocaine alone were alert and nervous during the study . Ataxia was observed in all test subjects and was slightly more severe in camels that received the lidocaine-ketamine mixture . It was concluded that epidural administration of lidocaine plus ketamine resulted in longer caudal analgesia in standing conscious dromedary camels compared with the effect of administering lidocaine alone .	[ "Caudal", "epidural", "analgesia", "using", "lidocaine", "alone", "or", "in", "combination", "with", "ketamine", "in", "dromedary", "camels", "Camelus", "dromedarius", ".", "This", "study", "was", "performed", "to", "investigate", "the", "analgesic", "effect", "of", "lidocaine", "and", "a", "combination", "of", "lidocaine", "and", "ketamine", "following", "epidural", "administration", "in", "dromedary", "camels", ".", "Ten", "12", "-", "18-month", "-", "old", "camels", "were", "randomly", "divided", "into", "two", "equal", "groups", ".", "In", "group", "L", ",", "the", "animals", "received", "2", "%", "lidocaine", "(", "0.22", "mg", "/", "kg", ")", "and", "in", "group", "LK", "the", "animals", "received", "a", "mixture", "of", "10", "%", "ketamine", "(", "1", "mg", "/", "kg", ")", "and", "2", "%", "lidocaine", "(", "0.22", "mg", "/", "kg", ")", "administered", "into", "the", "first", "intercoccygeal", "(", "Co1-Co2", ")", "epidural", "space", "while", "standing", ".", "Onset", "time", "and", "duration", "of", "caudal", "analgesia", ",", "sedation", "level", "and", "ataxia", "were", "recorded", "after", "drug", "administration", ".", "Data", "were", "analysed", "by", "U", "Mann", "-", "Whitney", "tests", "and", "significance", "was", "taken", "as", "p", "&", "lt", ";", "0.05", ".", "The", "results", "showed", "that", "epidural", "lidocaine", "and", "co", "-", "administration", "of", "lidocaine", "and", "ketamine", "produced", "complete", "analgesia", "in", "the", "tail", ",", "anus", "and", "perineum", ".", "Epidural", "administration", "of", "the", "lidocaine", "-", "ketamine", "mixture", "resulted", "in", "mild", "to", "moderate", "sedation", ",", "whilst", "the", "animals", "that", "received", "epidural", "lidocaine", "alone", "were", "alert", "and", "nervous", "during", "the", "study", ".", "Ataxia", "was", "observed", "in", "all", "test", "subjects", "and", "was", "slightly", "more", "severe", "in", "camels", "that", "received", "the", "lidocaine", "-", "ketamine", "mixture", ".", "It", "was", "concluded", "that", "epidural", "administration", "of", "lidocaine", "plus", "ketamine", "resulted", "in", "longer", "caudal", "analgesia", "in", "standing", "conscious", "dromedary", "camels", "compared", "with", "the", "effect", "of", "administering", "lidocaine", "alone", "." ]	[ "Intervention_Pharmacological" ]
Caudal epidural analgesia, lidocaine alone, combination with ketamine, lidocaine and a combination of lidocaine and ketamine, epidural lidocaine, lidocaine - ketamine mixture, lidocaine - ketamine mixture ., lidocaine plus ketamine	65603_task2	Sentence: Caudal epidural analgesia using lidocaine alone or in combination with ketamine in dromedary camels Camelus dromedarius . This study was performed to investigate the analgesic effect of lidocaine and a combination of lidocaine and ketamine following epidural administration in dromedary camels . Ten 12-18-month-old camels were randomly divided into two equal groups . In group L , the animals received 2 % lidocaine ( 0.22 mg/kg ) and in group LK the animals received a mixture of 10 % ketamine ( 1 mg/kg ) and 2 % lidocaine ( 0.22 mg/kg ) administered into the first intercoccygeal ( Co1-Co2 ) epidural space while standing . Onset time and duration of caudal analgesia , sedation level and ataxia were recorded after drug administration . Data were analysed by U Mann-Whitney tests and significance was taken as p & lt ; 0.05 . The results showed that epidural lidocaine and co-administration of lidocaine and ketamine produced complete analgesia in the tail , anus and perineum . Epidural administration of the lidocaine-ketamine mixture resulted in mild to moderate sedation , whilst the animals that received epidural lidocaine alone were alert and nervous during the study . Ataxia was observed in all test subjects and was slightly more severe in camels that received the lidocaine-ketamine mixture . It was concluded that epidural administration of lidocaine plus ketamine resulted in longer caudal analgesia in standing conscious dromedary camels compared with the effect of administering lidocaine alone . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Caudal epidural analgesia using lidocaine alone or in combination with ketamine in dromedary camels Camelus dromedarius . This study was performed to investigate the analgesic effect of lidocaine and a combination of lidocaine and ketamine following epidural administration in dromedary camels . Ten 12-18-month-old camels were randomly divided into two equal groups . In group L , the animals received 2 % lidocaine ( 0.22 mg/kg ) and in group LK the animals received a mixture of 10 % ketamine ( 1 mg/kg ) and 2 % lidocaine ( 0.22 mg/kg ) administered into the first intercoccygeal ( Co1-Co2 ) epidural space while standing . Onset time and duration of caudal analgesia , sedation level and ataxia were recorded after drug administration . Data were analysed by U Mann-Whitney tests and significance was taken as p & lt ; 0.05 . The results showed that epidural lidocaine and co-administration of lidocaine and ketamine produced complete analgesia in the tail , anus and perineum . Epidural administration of the lidocaine-ketamine mixture resulted in mild to moderate sedation , whilst the animals that received epidural lidocaine alone were alert and nervous during the study . Ataxia was observed in all test subjects and was slightly more severe in camels that received the lidocaine-ketamine mixture . It was concluded that epidural administration of lidocaine plus ketamine resulted in longer caudal analgesia in standing conscious dromedary camels compared with the effect of administering lidocaine alone .	[ "Caudal", "epidural", "analgesia", "using", "lidocaine", "alone", "or", "in", "combination", "with", "ketamine", "in", "dromedary", "camels", "Camelus", "dromedarius", ".", "This", "study", "was", "performed", "to", "investigate", "the", "analgesic", "effect", "of", "lidocaine", "and", "a", "combination", "of", "lidocaine", "and", "ketamine", "following", "epidural", "administration", "in", "dromedary", "camels", ".", "Ten", "12", "-", "18-month", "-", "old", "camels", "were", "randomly", "divided", "into", "two", "equal", "groups", ".", "In", "group", "L", ",", "the", "animals", "received", "2", "%", "lidocaine", "(", "0.22", "mg", "/", "kg", ")", "and", "in", "group", "LK", "the", "animals", "received", "a", "mixture", "of", "10", "%", "ketamine", "(", "1", "mg", "/", "kg", ")", "and", "2", "%", "lidocaine", "(", "0.22", "mg", "/", "kg", ")", "administered", "into", "the", "first", "intercoccygeal", "(", "Co1-Co2", ")", "epidural", "space", "while", "standing", ".", "Onset", "time", "and", "duration", "of", "caudal", "analgesia", ",", "sedation", "level", "and", "ataxia", "were", "recorded", "after", "drug", "administration", ".", "Data", "were", "analysed", "by", "U", "Mann", "-", "Whitney", "tests", "and", "significance", "was", "taken", "as", "p", "&", "lt", ";", "0.05", ".", "The", "results", "showed", "that", "epidural", "lidocaine", "and", "co", "-", "administration", "of", "lidocaine", "and", "ketamine", "produced", "complete", "analgesia", "in", "the", "tail", ",", "anus", "and", "perineum", ".", "Epidural", "administration", "of", "the", "lidocaine", "-", "ketamine", "mixture", "resulted", "in", "mild", "to", "moderate", "sedation", ",", "whilst", "the", "animals", "that", "received", "epidural", "lidocaine", "alone", "were", "alert", "and", "nervous", "during", "the", "study", ".", "Ataxia", "was", "observed", "in", "all", "test", "subjects", "and", "was", "slightly", "more", "severe", "in", "camels", "that", "received", "the", "lidocaine", "-", "ketamine", "mixture", ".", "It", "was", "concluded", "that", "epidural", "administration", "of", "lidocaine", "plus", "ketamine", "resulted", "in", "longer", "caudal", "analgesia", "in", "standing", "conscious", "dromedary", "camels", "compared", "with", "the", "effect", "of", "administering", "lidocaine", "alone", "." ]	[ "Intervention_Pharmacological" ]
SOX3 is a Gene, COL23A1 is a Gene, SOX3 is a Gene, PRMT10 is a Gene, TMEM184C is a Gene, ARHGAP10 is a Gene, EDNRA is a Gene	266_task0	Sentence: X-linked congenital hypertrichosis syndrome is associated with interchromosomal insertions mediated by a human-specific palindrome near SOX3. X-linked congenital generalized hypertrichosis (CGH), an extremely rare condition characterized by universal overgrowth of terminal hair, was first mapped to chromosome Xq24-q27.1 in a Mexican family. However, the underlying genetic defect remains unknown. We ascertained a large Chinese family with an X-linked congenital hypertrichosis syndrome combining CGH, scoliosis, and spina bifida and mapped the disease locus to a 5.6 Mb critical region within the interval defined by the previously reported Mexican family. Through the combination of a high-resolution copy-number variation (CNV) scan and targeted genomic sequencing, we identified an interchromosomal insertion at Xq27.1 of a 125,577 bp intragenic fragment of COL23A1 on 5q35.3, with one X breakpoint within and the other very close to a human-specific short palindromic sequence located 82 kb downstream of SOX3. In the Mexican family, we found an interchromosomal insertion at the same Xq27.1 site of a 300,036 bp genomic fragment on 4q31.2, encompassing PRMT10 and TMEM184C and involving parts of ARHGAP10 and EDNRA. Notably, both of the two X breakpoints were within the short palindrome. The two palindrome-mediated insertions fully segregate with the CGH phenotype in each of the families, and the CNV gains of the respective autosomal genomic segments are not present in the public database and were not found in 1274 control individuals. Analysis of control individuals revealed deletions ranging from 173 bp to 9104 bp at the site of the insertions with no phenotypic consequence. Taken together, our results strongly support the pathogenicity of the identified insertions and establish X-linked congenital hypertrichosis syndrome as a genomic disorder. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Gene	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	X-linked congenital hypertrichosis syndrome is associated with interchromosomal insertions mediated by a human-specific palindrome near SOX3. X-linked congenital generalized hypertrichosis (CGH), an extremely rare condition characterized by universal overgrowth of terminal hair, was first mapped to chromosome Xq24-q27.1 in a Mexican family. However, the underlying genetic defect remains unknown. We ascertained a large Chinese family with an X-linked congenital hypertrichosis syndrome combining CGH, scoliosis, and spina bifida and mapped the disease locus to a 5.6 Mb critical region within the interval defined by the previously reported Mexican family. Through the combination of a high-resolution copy-number variation (CNV) scan and targeted genomic sequencing, we identified an interchromosomal insertion at Xq27.1 of a 125,577 bp intragenic fragment of COL23A1 on 5q35.3, with one X breakpoint within and the other very close to a human-specific short palindromic sequence located 82 kb downstream of SOX3. In the Mexican family, we found an interchromosomal insertion at the same Xq27.1 site of a 300,036 bp genomic fragment on 4q31.2, encompassing PRMT10 and TMEM184C and involving parts of ARHGAP10 and EDNRA. Notably, both of the two X breakpoints were within the short palindrome. The two palindrome-mediated insertions fully segregate with the CGH phenotype in each of the families, and the CNV gains of the respective autosomal genomic segments are not present in the public database and were not found in 1274 control individuals. Analysis of control individuals revealed deletions ranging from 173 bp to 9104 bp at the site of the insertions with no phenotypic consequence. Taken together, our results strongly support the pathogenicity of the identified insertions and establish X-linked congenital hypertrichosis syndrome as a genomic disorder.	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SOX3 is a Gene, COL23A1 is a Gene, SOX3 is a Gene, PRMT10 is a Gene, TMEM184C is a Gene, ARHGAP10 is a Gene, EDNRA is a Gene	266_task1	Sentence: X-linked congenital hypertrichosis syndrome is associated with interchromosomal insertions mediated by a human-specific palindrome near SOX3. X-linked congenital generalized hypertrichosis (CGH), an extremely rare condition characterized by universal overgrowth of terminal hair, was first mapped to chromosome Xq24-q27.1 in a Mexican family. However, the underlying genetic defect remains unknown. We ascertained a large Chinese family with an X-linked congenital hypertrichosis syndrome combining CGH, scoliosis, and spina bifida and mapped the disease locus to a 5.6 Mb critical region within the interval defined by the previously reported Mexican family. Through the combination of a high-resolution copy-number variation (CNV) scan and targeted genomic sequencing, we identified an interchromosomal insertion at Xq27.1 of a 125,577 bp intragenic fragment of COL23A1 on 5q35.3, with one X breakpoint within and the other very close to a human-specific short palindromic sequence located 82 kb downstream of SOX3. In the Mexican family, we found an interchromosomal insertion at the same Xq27.1 site of a 300,036 bp genomic fragment on 4q31.2, encompassing PRMT10 and TMEM184C and involving parts of ARHGAP10 and EDNRA. Notably, both of the two X breakpoints were within the short palindrome. The two palindrome-mediated insertions fully segregate with the CGH phenotype in each of the families, and the CNV gains of the respective autosomal genomic segments are not present in the public database and were not found in 1274 control individuals. Analysis of control individuals revealed deletions ranging from 173 bp to 9104 bp at the site of the insertions with no phenotypic consequence. Taken together, our results strongly support the pathogenicity of the identified insertions and establish X-linked congenital hypertrichosis syndrome as a genomic disorder. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: SOX3, COL23A1, SOX3, PRMT10, TMEM184C, ARHGAP10, EDNRA Options: Gene	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	X-linked congenital hypertrichosis syndrome is associated with interchromosomal insertions mediated by a human-specific palindrome near SOX3. X-linked congenital generalized hypertrichosis (CGH), an extremely rare condition characterized by universal overgrowth of terminal hair, was first mapped to chromosome Xq24-q27.1 in a Mexican family. However, the underlying genetic defect remains unknown. We ascertained a large Chinese family with an X-linked congenital hypertrichosis syndrome combining CGH, scoliosis, and spina bifida and mapped the disease locus to a 5.6 Mb critical region within the interval defined by the previously reported Mexican family. Through the combination of a high-resolution copy-number variation (CNV) scan and targeted genomic sequencing, we identified an interchromosomal insertion at Xq27.1 of a 125,577 bp intragenic fragment of COL23A1 on 5q35.3, with one X breakpoint within and the other very close to a human-specific short palindromic sequence located 82 kb downstream of SOX3. In the Mexican family, we found an interchromosomal insertion at the same Xq27.1 site of a 300,036 bp genomic fragment on 4q31.2, encompassing PRMT10 and TMEM184C and involving parts of ARHGAP10 and EDNRA. Notably, both of the two X breakpoints were within the short palindrome. The two palindrome-mediated insertions fully segregate with the CGH phenotype in each of the families, and the CNV gains of the respective autosomal genomic segments are not present in the public database and were not found in 1274 control individuals. Analysis of control individuals revealed deletions ranging from 173 bp to 9104 bp at the site of the insertions with no phenotypic consequence. Taken together, our results strongly support the pathogenicity of the identified insertions and establish X-linked congenital hypertrichosis syndrome as a genomic disorder.	[ "X", "-", "linked", "congenital", "hypertrichosis", "syndrome", "is", "associated", "with", "interchromosomal", "insertions", "mediated", "by", "a", "human", "-", "specific", "palindrome", "near", "SOX3", ".", "X", "-", "linked", "congenital", "generalized", "hypertrichosis", "(", "CGH", ")", ",", "an", "extremely", "rare", "condition", "characterized", "by", "universal", "overgrowth", "of", "terminal", "hair", ",", "was", "first", "mapped", "to", "chromosome", "Xq24-q27.1", "in", "a", "Mexican", "family", ".", "However", ",", "the", "underlying", "genetic", "defect", "remains", "unknown", ".", "We", "ascertained", "a", "large", "Chinese", "family", "with", "an", "X", "-", "linked", "congenital", "hypertrichosis", "syndrome", "combining", "CGH", ",", "scoliosis", ",", "and", "spina", "bifida", "and", "mapped", "the", "disease", "locus", "to", "a", "5.6", "Mb", "critical", "region", "within", "the", "interval", "defined", "by", "the", "previously", "reported", "Mexican", "family", ".", "Through", "the", "combination", "of", "a", "high", "-", "resolution", "copy", "-", "number", "variation", "(", "CNV", ")", "scan", "and", "targeted", "genomic", "sequencing", ",", "we", "identified", "an", "interchromosomal", "insertion", "at", "Xq27.1", "of", "a", "125,577", " ", "bp", "intragenic", "fragment", "of", "COL23A1", "on", "5q35.3", ",", "with", "one", "X", "breakpoint", "within", "and", "the", "other", "very", "close", "to", "a", "human", "-", "specific", "short", "palindromic", "sequence", "located", "82", "kb", "downstream", "of", "SOX3", ".", "In", "the", "Mexican", "family", ",", "we", "found", "an", "interchromosomal", "insertion", "at", "the", "same", "Xq27.1", "site", "of", "a", "300,036", " ", "bp", "genomic", "fragment", "on", "4q31.2", ",", "encompassing", "PRMT10", "and", "TMEM184C", "and", "involving", "parts", "of", "ARHGAP10", "and", "EDNRA", ".", "Notably", ",", "both", "of", "the", "two", "X", "breakpoints", "were", "within", "the", "short", "palindrome", ".", "The", "two", "palindrome", "-", "mediated", "insertions", "fully", "segregate", "with", "the", "CGH", "phenotype", "in", "each", "of", "the", "families", ",", "and", "the", "CNV", "gains", "of", "the", "respective", "autosomal", "genomic", "segments", "are", "not", "present", "in", "the", "public", "database", "and", "were", "not", "found", "in", "1274", "control", "individuals", ".", "Analysis", "of", "control", "individuals", "revealed", "deletions", "ranging", "from", "173", " ", "bp", "to", "9104", " ", "bp", "at", "the", "site", "of", "the", "insertions", "with", "no", "phenotypic", "consequence", ".", "Taken", "together", ",", "our", "results", "strongly", "support", "the", "pathogenicity", "of", "the", "identified", "insertions", "and", "establish", "X", "-", "linked", "congenital", "hypertrichosis", "syndrome", "as", "a", "genomic", "disorder", ".", "\n" ]	[ "Gene" ]
SOX3, COL23A1, SOX3, PRMT10, TMEM184C, ARHGAP10, EDNRA	266_task2	Sentence: X-linked congenital hypertrichosis syndrome is associated with interchromosomal insertions mediated by a human-specific palindrome near SOX3. X-linked congenital generalized hypertrichosis (CGH), an extremely rare condition characterized by universal overgrowth of terminal hair, was first mapped to chromosome Xq24-q27.1 in a Mexican family. However, the underlying genetic defect remains unknown. We ascertained a large Chinese family with an X-linked congenital hypertrichosis syndrome combining CGH, scoliosis, and spina bifida and mapped the disease locus to a 5.6 Mb critical region within the interval defined by the previously reported Mexican family. Through the combination of a high-resolution copy-number variation (CNV) scan and targeted genomic sequencing, we identified an interchromosomal insertion at Xq27.1 of a 125,577 bp intragenic fragment of COL23A1 on 5q35.3, with one X breakpoint within and the other very close to a human-specific short palindromic sequence located 82 kb downstream of SOX3. In the Mexican family, we found an interchromosomal insertion at the same Xq27.1 site of a 300,036 bp genomic fragment on 4q31.2, encompassing PRMT10 and TMEM184C and involving parts of ARHGAP10 and EDNRA. Notably, both of the two X breakpoints were within the short palindrome. The two palindrome-mediated insertions fully segregate with the CGH phenotype in each of the families, and the CNV gains of the respective autosomal genomic segments are not present in the public database and were not found in 1274 control individuals. Analysis of control individuals revealed deletions ranging from 173 bp to 9104 bp at the site of the insertions with no phenotypic consequence. Taken together, our results strongly support the pathogenicity of the identified insertions and establish X-linked congenital hypertrichosis syndrome as a genomic disorder. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	X-linked congenital hypertrichosis syndrome is associated with interchromosomal insertions mediated by a human-specific palindrome near SOX3. X-linked congenital generalized hypertrichosis (CGH), an extremely rare condition characterized by universal overgrowth of terminal hair, was first mapped to chromosome Xq24-q27.1 in a Mexican family. However, the underlying genetic defect remains unknown. We ascertained a large Chinese family with an X-linked congenital hypertrichosis syndrome combining CGH, scoliosis, and spina bifida and mapped the disease locus to a 5.6 Mb critical region within the interval defined by the previously reported Mexican family. Through the combination of a high-resolution copy-number variation (CNV) scan and targeted genomic sequencing, we identified an interchromosomal insertion at Xq27.1 of a 125,577 bp intragenic fragment of COL23A1 on 5q35.3, with one X breakpoint within and the other very close to a human-specific short palindromic sequence located 82 kb downstream of SOX3. In the Mexican family, we found an interchromosomal insertion at the same Xq27.1 site of a 300,036 bp genomic fragment on 4q31.2, encompassing PRMT10 and TMEM184C and involving parts of ARHGAP10 and EDNRA. Notably, both of the two X breakpoints were within the short palindrome. The two palindrome-mediated insertions fully segregate with the CGH phenotype in each of the families, and the CNV gains of the respective autosomal genomic segments are not present in the public database and were not found in 1274 control individuals. Analysis of control individuals revealed deletions ranging from 173 bp to 9104 bp at the site of the insertions with no phenotypic consequence. Taken together, our results strongly support the pathogenicity of the identified insertions and establish X-linked congenital hypertrichosis syndrome as a genomic disorder.	[ "X", "-", "linked", "congenital", "hypertrichosis", "syndrome", "is", "associated", "with", "interchromosomal", "insertions", "mediated", "by", "a", "human", "-", "specific", "palindrome", "near", "SOX3", ".", "X", "-", "linked", "congenital", "generalized", "hypertrichosis", "(", "CGH", ")", ",", "an", "extremely", "rare", "condition", "characterized", "by", "universal", "overgrowth", "of", "terminal", "hair", ",", "was", "first", "mapped", "to", "chromosome", "Xq24-q27.1", "in", "a", "Mexican", "family", ".", "However", ",", "the", "underlying", "genetic", "defect", "remains", "unknown", ".", "We", "ascertained", "a", "large", "Chinese", "family", "with", "an", "X", "-", "linked", "congenital", "hypertrichosis", "syndrome", "combining", "CGH", ",", "scoliosis", ",", "and", "spina", "bifida", "and", "mapped", "the", "disease", "locus", "to", "a", "5.6", "Mb", "critical", "region", "within", "the", "interval", "defined", "by", "the", "previously", "reported", "Mexican", "family", ".", "Through", "the", "combination", "of", "a", "high", "-", "resolution", "copy", "-", "number", "variation", "(", "CNV", ")", "scan", "and", "targeted", "genomic", "sequencing", ",", "we", "identified", "an", "interchromosomal", "insertion", "at", "Xq27.1", "of", "a", "125,577", " ", "bp", "intragenic", "fragment", "of", "COL23A1", "on", "5q35.3", ",", "with", "one", "X", "breakpoint", "within", "and", "the", "other", "very", "close", "to", "a", "human", "-", "specific", "short", "palindromic", "sequence", "located", "82", "kb", "downstream", "of", "SOX3", ".", "In", "the", "Mexican", "family", ",", "we", "found", "an", "interchromosomal", "insertion", "at", "the", "same", "Xq27.1", "site", "of", "a", "300,036", " ", "bp", "genomic", "fragment", "on", "4q31.2", ",", "encompassing", "PRMT10", "and", "TMEM184C", "and", "involving", "parts", "of", "ARHGAP10", "and", "EDNRA", ".", "Notably", ",", "both", "of", "the", "two", "X", "breakpoints", "were", "within", "the", "short", "palindrome", ".", "The", "two", "palindrome", "-", "mediated", "insertions", "fully", "segregate", "with", "the", "CGH", "phenotype", "in", "each", "of", "the", "families", ",", "and", "the", "CNV", "gains", "of", "the", "respective", "autosomal", "genomic", "segments", "are", "not", "present", "in", "the", "public", "database", "and", "were", "not", "found", "in", "1274", "control", "individuals", ".", "Analysis", "of", "control", "individuals", "revealed", "deletions", "ranging", "from", "173", " ", "bp", "to", "9104", " ", "bp", "at", "the", "site", "of", "the", "insertions", "with", "no", "phenotypic", "consequence", ".", "Taken", "together", ",", "our", "results", "strongly", "support", "the", "pathogenicity", "of", "the", "identified", "insertions", "and", "establish", "X", "-", "linked", "congenital", "hypertrichosis", "syndrome", "as", "a", "genomic", "disorder", ".", "\n" ]	[ "Gene" ]
p50 subunit is a Protein, interleukin 6 is a Protein, interleukin 10 is a Protein, granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor is a Protein, macrophage colony - stimulating factor is a Protein	7998962_task0	Sentence: Constitutive nuclear NF-kappa B in cells of the monocyte lineage. In monocytes, the nuclear factor NF-kappa B has been invoked as an important transcription factor in the expression of cytokine genes, of cell-surface receptors and in the expression of human immunodeficiency virus. In such cells, DNA binding activity of NF-kappa B can be detected without intentional stimulation. In our studies, cells of the human monocytic line Mono Mac 6, cultured in medium containing fetal-calf serum and low levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also exhibit such 'constitutive' NF-kappa B, as demonstrated by mobility-shift analysis of nuclear extracts. This nuclear NF-kappa B was still present when contaminant LPS was removed by ultrafiltration and when serum was omitted. Protein-DNA complexes of constitutive NF-kappa B are similar in mobility to the LPS-induced NF-kappa B and both are recognized by an antibody specific to the p50 subunit of NF-kappa B. By contrast, treatment of cells with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) will only block LPS-induced NF-kappa B, but not the constitutive binding protein. Using LPS-free and serum-free conditions, constitutive NF-kappa B can be detected in different cell lines of the monocytic lineage (HL60, U937, THP-1, Mono Mac 1 and Mono Mac 6), but not in Molt 4 T cells or K562 stem cells. When ordered according to stage of maturation, the amount of constitutive NF-kappa B was not increased in more mature cell lines. Furthermore, when inducing differentiation in Mono Mac 6 cells, with vitamin D3, no change in constitutive or inducible NF-kappa B can be detected. Analysis of primary cells revealed substantial constitutive NF-kappa B-binding activity in blood monocytes, pleural macrophages and alveolar macrophages. The constitutive NF-kappa B appears to be functionally active, since a low level of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) transcript is detectable in monocytes, and this level can be increased by blocking transcript degradation using cycloheximide. The level of constitutive NF-kappa B in these cells is variable and is frequently found to be lower in the more mature macrophages. Constitutive NF-kappa B was not maintained by autocrine action of cytokines TNF, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or macrophage colony-stimulating factor, since neutralizing antibodies did not reduce constitutive DNA-binding activity. Furthermore, blockade of prostaglandin or leukotriene biosynthesis did not affect constitutive NF-kappa B. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Constitutive nuclear NF-kappa B in cells of the monocyte lineage. In monocytes, the nuclear factor NF-kappa B has been invoked as an important transcription factor in the expression of cytokine genes, of cell-surface receptors and in the expression of human immunodeficiency virus. In such cells, DNA binding activity of NF-kappa B can be detected without intentional stimulation. In our studies, cells of the human monocytic line Mono Mac 6, cultured in medium containing fetal-calf serum and low levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also exhibit such 'constitutive' NF-kappa B, as demonstrated by mobility-shift analysis of nuclear extracts. This nuclear NF-kappa B was still present when contaminant LPS was removed by ultrafiltration and when serum was omitted. Protein-DNA complexes of constitutive NF-kappa B are similar in mobility to the LPS-induced NF-kappa B and both are recognized by an antibody specific to the p50 subunit of NF-kappa B. By contrast, treatment of cells with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) will only block LPS-induced NF-kappa B, but not the constitutive binding protein. Using LPS-free and serum-free conditions, constitutive NF-kappa B can be detected in different cell lines of the monocytic lineage (HL60, U937, THP-1, Mono Mac 1 and Mono Mac 6), but not in Molt 4 T cells or K562 stem cells. When ordered according to stage of maturation, the amount of constitutive NF-kappa B was not increased in more mature cell lines. Furthermore, when inducing differentiation in Mono Mac 6 cells, with vitamin D3, no change in constitutive or inducible NF-kappa B can be detected. Analysis of primary cells revealed substantial constitutive NF-kappa B-binding activity in blood monocytes, pleural macrophages and alveolar macrophages. The constitutive NF-kappa B appears to be functionally active, since a low level of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) transcript is detectable in monocytes, and this level can be increased by blocking transcript degradation using cycloheximide. The level of constitutive NF-kappa B in these cells is variable and is frequently found to be lower in the more mature macrophages. Constitutive NF-kappa B was not maintained by autocrine action of cytokines TNF, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or macrophage colony-stimulating factor, since neutralizing antibodies did not reduce constitutive DNA-binding activity. Furthermore, blockade of prostaglandin or leukotriene biosynthesis did not affect constitutive NF-kappa B. 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p50 subunit is a Protein, interleukin 6 is a Protein, interleukin 10 is a Protein, granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor is a Protein, macrophage colony - stimulating factor is a Protein	7998962_task1	Sentence: Constitutive nuclear NF-kappa B in cells of the monocyte lineage. In monocytes, the nuclear factor NF-kappa B has been invoked as an important transcription factor in the expression of cytokine genes, of cell-surface receptors and in the expression of human immunodeficiency virus. In such cells, DNA binding activity of NF-kappa B can be detected without intentional stimulation. In our studies, cells of the human monocytic line Mono Mac 6, cultured in medium containing fetal-calf serum and low levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also exhibit such 'constitutive' NF-kappa B, as demonstrated by mobility-shift analysis of nuclear extracts. This nuclear NF-kappa B was still present when contaminant LPS was removed by ultrafiltration and when serum was omitted. Protein-DNA complexes of constitutive NF-kappa B are similar in mobility to the LPS-induced NF-kappa B and both are recognized by an antibody specific to the p50 subunit of NF-kappa B. By contrast, treatment of cells with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) will only block LPS-induced NF-kappa B, but not the constitutive binding protein. Using LPS-free and serum-free conditions, constitutive NF-kappa B can be detected in different cell lines of the monocytic lineage (HL60, U937, THP-1, Mono Mac 1 and Mono Mac 6), but not in Molt 4 T cells or K562 stem cells. When ordered according to stage of maturation, the amount of constitutive NF-kappa B was not increased in more mature cell lines. Furthermore, when inducing differentiation in Mono Mac 6 cells, with vitamin D3, no change in constitutive or inducible NF-kappa B can be detected. Analysis of primary cells revealed substantial constitutive NF-kappa B-binding activity in blood monocytes, pleural macrophages and alveolar macrophages. The constitutive NF-kappa B appears to be functionally active, since a low level of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) transcript is detectable in monocytes, and this level can be increased by blocking transcript degradation using cycloheximide. The level of constitutive NF-kappa B in these cells is variable and is frequently found to be lower in the more mature macrophages. Constitutive NF-kappa B was not maintained by autocrine action of cytokines TNF, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or macrophage colony-stimulating factor, since neutralizing antibodies did not reduce constitutive DNA-binding activity. Furthermore, blockade of prostaglandin or leukotriene biosynthesis did not affect constitutive NF-kappa B. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: p50 subunit, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor, macrophage colony - stimulating factor Options: Protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Constitutive nuclear NF-kappa B in cells of the monocyte lineage. In monocytes, the nuclear factor NF-kappa B has been invoked as an important transcription factor in the expression of cytokine genes, of cell-surface receptors and in the expression of human immunodeficiency virus. In such cells, DNA binding activity of NF-kappa B can be detected without intentional stimulation. In our studies, cells of the human monocytic line Mono Mac 6, cultured in medium containing fetal-calf serum and low levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also exhibit such 'constitutive' NF-kappa B, as demonstrated by mobility-shift analysis of nuclear extracts. This nuclear NF-kappa B was still present when contaminant LPS was removed by ultrafiltration and when serum was omitted. Protein-DNA complexes of constitutive NF-kappa B are similar in mobility to the LPS-induced NF-kappa B and both are recognized by an antibody specific to the p50 subunit of NF-kappa B. By contrast, treatment of cells with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) will only block LPS-induced NF-kappa B, but not the constitutive binding protein. Using LPS-free and serum-free conditions, constitutive NF-kappa B can be detected in different cell lines of the monocytic lineage (HL60, U937, THP-1, Mono Mac 1 and Mono Mac 6), but not in Molt 4 T cells or K562 stem cells. When ordered according to stage of maturation, the amount of constitutive NF-kappa B was not increased in more mature cell lines. Furthermore, when inducing differentiation in Mono Mac 6 cells, with vitamin D3, no change in constitutive or inducible NF-kappa B can be detected. Analysis of primary cells revealed substantial constitutive NF-kappa B-binding activity in blood monocytes, pleural macrophages and alveolar macrophages. The constitutive NF-kappa B appears to be functionally active, since a low level of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) transcript is detectable in monocytes, and this level can be increased by blocking transcript degradation using cycloheximide. The level of constitutive NF-kappa B in these cells is variable and is frequently found to be lower in the more mature macrophages. Constitutive NF-kappa B was not maintained by autocrine action of cytokines TNF, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or macrophage colony-stimulating factor, since neutralizing antibodies did not reduce constitutive DNA-binding activity. Furthermore, blockade of prostaglandin or leukotriene biosynthesis did not affect constitutive NF-kappa B. 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p50 subunit, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor, macrophage colony - stimulating factor	7998962_task2	Sentence: Constitutive nuclear NF-kappa B in cells of the monocyte lineage. In monocytes, the nuclear factor NF-kappa B has been invoked as an important transcription factor in the expression of cytokine genes, of cell-surface receptors and in the expression of human immunodeficiency virus. In such cells, DNA binding activity of NF-kappa B can be detected without intentional stimulation. In our studies, cells of the human monocytic line Mono Mac 6, cultured in medium containing fetal-calf serum and low levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also exhibit such 'constitutive' NF-kappa B, as demonstrated by mobility-shift analysis of nuclear extracts. This nuclear NF-kappa B was still present when contaminant LPS was removed by ultrafiltration and when serum was omitted. Protein-DNA complexes of constitutive NF-kappa B are similar in mobility to the LPS-induced NF-kappa B and both are recognized by an antibody specific to the p50 subunit of NF-kappa B. By contrast, treatment of cells with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) will only block LPS-induced NF-kappa B, but not the constitutive binding protein. Using LPS-free and serum-free conditions, constitutive NF-kappa B can be detected in different cell lines of the monocytic lineage (HL60, U937, THP-1, Mono Mac 1 and Mono Mac 6), but not in Molt 4 T cells or K562 stem cells. When ordered according to stage of maturation, the amount of constitutive NF-kappa B was not increased in more mature cell lines. Furthermore, when inducing differentiation in Mono Mac 6 cells, with vitamin D3, no change in constitutive or inducible NF-kappa B can be detected. Analysis of primary cells revealed substantial constitutive NF-kappa B-binding activity in blood monocytes, pleural macrophages and alveolar macrophages. The constitutive NF-kappa B appears to be functionally active, since a low level of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) transcript is detectable in monocytes, and this level can be increased by blocking transcript degradation using cycloheximide. The level of constitutive NF-kappa B in these cells is variable and is frequently found to be lower in the more mature macrophages. Constitutive NF-kappa B was not maintained by autocrine action of cytokines TNF, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or macrophage colony-stimulating factor, since neutralizing antibodies did not reduce constitutive DNA-binding activity. Furthermore, blockade of prostaglandin or leukotriene biosynthesis did not affect constitutive NF-kappa B. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Constitutive nuclear NF-kappa B in cells of the monocyte lineage. In monocytes, the nuclear factor NF-kappa B has been invoked as an important transcription factor in the expression of cytokine genes, of cell-surface receptors and in the expression of human immunodeficiency virus. In such cells, DNA binding activity of NF-kappa B can be detected without intentional stimulation. In our studies, cells of the human monocytic line Mono Mac 6, cultured in medium containing fetal-calf serum and low levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also exhibit such 'constitutive' NF-kappa B, as demonstrated by mobility-shift analysis of nuclear extracts. This nuclear NF-kappa B was still present when contaminant LPS was removed by ultrafiltration and when serum was omitted. Protein-DNA complexes of constitutive NF-kappa B are similar in mobility to the LPS-induced NF-kappa B and both are recognized by an antibody specific to the p50 subunit of NF-kappa B. By contrast, treatment of cells with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) will only block LPS-induced NF-kappa B, but not the constitutive binding protein. Using LPS-free and serum-free conditions, constitutive NF-kappa B can be detected in different cell lines of the monocytic lineage (HL60, U937, THP-1, Mono Mac 1 and Mono Mac 6), but not in Molt 4 T cells or K562 stem cells. When ordered according to stage of maturation, the amount of constitutive NF-kappa B was not increased in more mature cell lines. Furthermore, when inducing differentiation in Mono Mac 6 cells, with vitamin D3, no change in constitutive or inducible NF-kappa B can be detected. Analysis of primary cells revealed substantial constitutive NF-kappa B-binding activity in blood monocytes, pleural macrophages and alveolar macrophages. The constitutive NF-kappa B appears to be functionally active, since a low level of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) transcript is detectable in monocytes, and this level can be increased by blocking transcript degradation using cycloheximide. The level of constitutive NF-kappa B in these cells is variable and is frequently found to be lower in the more mature macrophages. Constitutive NF-kappa B was not maintained by autocrine action of cytokines TNF, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or macrophage colony-stimulating factor, since neutralizing antibodies did not reduce constitutive DNA-binding activity. Furthermore, blockade of prostaglandin or leukotriene biosynthesis did not affect constitutive NF-kappa B. 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bone marrow stem cell is a Cell, peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cell is a Cell, patients is a Organism, limb is a Organism_subdivision, blood is a Organism_substance, legs is a Organism_subdivision, patients is a Organism, patients is a Organism, limb is a Organism_subdivision, bone marrow - derived stem cells is a Cell, endothelial progenitor cells is a Cell, blood vessels is a Multi-tissue_structure, bone marrow stem cells is a Cell, patients is a Organism, patients is a Organism	96_task0	Sentence: [Autologous bone marrow stem cell or peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cell therapy in patients with peripheral limb ischaemia] No effective medical therapies have been developed sofar to enhance blood flow in the legs of patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). For patients with limb threatening ischaemia the only option for relief of rest pain or gangraena is amputation. There is evidence in experimental and clinical studies that adult bone marrow-derived stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells participate in the development of new blood vessels, called neoangiogenesis or neovascularization. Clinical results induced by autologous bone marrow stem cells or angiogenic growth/differentiation factors in end-stage patients with PAD are summarized. Considering the relatively few number of patients treated by angiogenic therapy, the interpretation of clinical results needs cautiousness. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Cell, Organism_subdivision, Organism, Multi-tissue_structure, Organism_substance	[ "O", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "B-Organism_subdivision", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism_substance", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism_subdivision", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "B-Organism_subdivision", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Multi-tissue_structure", "I-Multi-tissue_structure", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	[Autologous bone marrow stem cell or peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cell therapy in patients with peripheral limb ischaemia] No effective medical therapies have been developed sofar to enhance blood flow in the legs of patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). For patients with limb threatening ischaemia the only option for relief of rest pain or gangraena is amputation. There is evidence in experimental and clinical studies that adult bone marrow-derived stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells participate in the development of new blood vessels, called neoangiogenesis or neovascularization. Clinical results induced by autologous bone marrow stem cells or angiogenic growth/differentiation factors in end-stage patients with PAD are summarized. Considering the relatively few number of patients treated by angiogenic therapy, the interpretation of clinical results needs cautiousness.	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bone marrow stem cell is a Cell, peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cell is a Cell, patients is a Organism, limb is a Organism_subdivision, blood is a Organism_substance, legs is a Organism_subdivision, patients is a Organism, patients is a Organism, limb is a Organism_subdivision, bone marrow - derived stem cells is a Cell, endothelial progenitor cells is a Cell, blood vessels is a Multi-tissue_structure, bone marrow stem cells is a Cell, patients is a Organism, patients is a Organism	96_task1	Sentence: [Autologous bone marrow stem cell or peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cell therapy in patients with peripheral limb ischaemia] No effective medical therapies have been developed sofar to enhance blood flow in the legs of patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). For patients with limb threatening ischaemia the only option for relief of rest pain or gangraena is amputation. There is evidence in experimental and clinical studies that adult bone marrow-derived stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells participate in the development of new blood vessels, called neoangiogenesis or neovascularization. Clinical results induced by autologous bone marrow stem cells or angiogenic growth/differentiation factors in end-stage patients with PAD are summarized. Considering the relatively few number of patients treated by angiogenic therapy, the interpretation of clinical results needs cautiousness. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: bone marrow stem cell, peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cell, patients, limb, blood, legs, patients, patients, limb, bone marrow - derived stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, blood vessels, bone marrow stem cells, patients, patients Options: Cell, Organism_subdivision, Organism, Multi-tissue_structure, Organism_substance	[ "O", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "B-Organism_subdivision", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism_substance", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism_subdivision", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "B-Organism_subdivision", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Multi-tissue_structure", "I-Multi-tissue_structure", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	[Autologous bone marrow stem cell or peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cell therapy in patients with peripheral limb ischaemia] No effective medical therapies have been developed sofar to enhance blood flow in the legs of patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). For patients with limb threatening ischaemia the only option for relief of rest pain or gangraena is amputation. There is evidence in experimental and clinical studies that adult bone marrow-derived stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells participate in the development of new blood vessels, called neoangiogenesis or neovascularization. Clinical results induced by autologous bone marrow stem cells or angiogenic growth/differentiation factors in end-stage patients with PAD are summarized. Considering the relatively few number of patients treated by angiogenic therapy, the interpretation of clinical results needs cautiousness.	[ "[", "Autologous", "bone", "marrow", "stem", "cell", "or", "peripheral", "blood", "endothelial", "progenitor", "cell", "therapy", "in", "patients", "with", "peripheral", "limb", "ischaemia", "]", "\n\n", "No", "effective", "medical", "therapies", "have", "been", "developed", "sofar", "to", "enhance", "blood", "flow", "in", "the", "legs", "of", "patients", "with", "peripheral", "arterial", "disease", "(", "PAD", ")", ".", "For", "patients", "with", "limb", "threatening", "ischaemia", "the", "only", "option", "for", "relief", "of", "rest", "pain", "or", "gangraena", "is", "amputation", ".", "There", "is", "evidence", "in", "experimental", "and", "clinical", "studies", "that", "adult", "bone", "marrow", "-", "derived", "stem", "cells", "and", "endothelial", "progenitor", "cells", "participate", "in", "the", "development", "of", "new", "blood", "vessels", ",", "called", "neoangiogenesis", "or", "neovascularization", ".", "Clinical", "results", "induced", "by", "autologous", "bone", "marrow", "stem", "cells", "or", "angiogenic", "growth", "/", "differentiation", "factors", "in", "end", "-", "stage", "patients", "with", "PAD", "are", "summarized", ".", "Considering", "the", "relatively", "few", "number", "of", "patients", "treated", "by", "angiogenic", "therapy", ",", "the", "interpretation", "of", "clinical", "results", "needs", "cautiousness", ".", "\n" ]	[ "Cell", "Multi-tissue_structure", "Organism", "Organism_substance", "Organism_subdivision" ]
bone marrow stem cell, peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cell, patients, limb, blood, legs, patients, patients, limb, bone marrow - derived stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, blood vessels, bone marrow stem cells, patients, patients	96_task2	Sentence: [Autologous bone marrow stem cell or peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cell therapy in patients with peripheral limb ischaemia] No effective medical therapies have been developed sofar to enhance blood flow in the legs of patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). For patients with limb threatening ischaemia the only option for relief of rest pain or gangraena is amputation. There is evidence in experimental and clinical studies that adult bone marrow-derived stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells participate in the development of new blood vessels, called neoangiogenesis or neovascularization. Clinical results induced by autologous bone marrow stem cells or angiogenic growth/differentiation factors in end-stage patients with PAD are summarized. Considering the relatively few number of patients treated by angiogenic therapy, the interpretation of clinical results needs cautiousness. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "B-Organism_subdivision", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism_substance", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism_subdivision", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "B-Organism_subdivision", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Multi-tissue_structure", "I-Multi-tissue_structure", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	[Autologous bone marrow stem cell or peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cell therapy in patients with peripheral limb ischaemia] No effective medical therapies have been developed sofar to enhance blood flow in the legs of patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). For patients with limb threatening ischaemia the only option for relief of rest pain or gangraena is amputation. There is evidence in experimental and clinical studies that adult bone marrow-derived stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells participate in the development of new blood vessels, called neoangiogenesis or neovascularization. Clinical results induced by autologous bone marrow stem cells or angiogenic growth/differentiation factors in end-stage patients with PAD are summarized. Considering the relatively few number of patients treated by angiogenic therapy, the interpretation of clinical results needs cautiousness.	[ "[", "Autologous", "bone", "marrow", "stem", "cell", "or", "peripheral", "blood", "endothelial", "progenitor", "cell", "therapy", "in", "patients", "with", "peripheral", "limb", "ischaemia", "]", "\n\n", "No", "effective", "medical", "therapies", "have", "been", "developed", "sofar", "to", "enhance", "blood", "flow", "in", "the", "legs", "of", "patients", "with", "peripheral", "arterial", "disease", "(", "PAD", ")", ".", "For", "patients", "with", "limb", "threatening", "ischaemia", "the", "only", "option", "for", "relief", "of", "rest", "pain", "or", "gangraena", "is", "amputation", ".", "There", "is", "evidence", "in", "experimental", "and", "clinical", "studies", "that", "adult", "bone", "marrow", "-", "derived", "stem", "cells", "and", "endothelial", "progenitor", "cells", "participate", "in", "the", "development", "of", "new", "blood", "vessels", ",", "called", "neoangiogenesis", "or", "neovascularization", ".", "Clinical", "results", "induced", "by", "autologous", "bone", "marrow", "stem", "cells", "or", "angiogenic", "growth", "/", "differentiation", "factors", "in", "end", "-", "stage", "patients", "with", "PAD", "are", "summarized", ".", "Considering", "the", "relatively", "few", "number", "of", "patients", "treated", "by", "angiogenic", "therapy", ",", "the", "interpretation", "of", "clinical", "results", "needs", "cautiousness", ".", "\n" ]	[ "Cell", "Multi-tissue_structure", "Organism", "Organism_substance", "Organism_subdivision" ]
Objective is an umlsterm, Randomised controlled trials is an umlsterm, dexamethasone is an umlsterm, antiemetics is an umlsterm, postoperative nausea is an umlsterm, vomiting is an umlsterm, PONV is an umlsterm, meta - analysis is an umlsterm, relative is an umlsterm, treatments is an umlsterm	DerAnaesthesist.00490713.eng.abstr_task0	Sentence: Objective . Randomised controlled trials investigating the efficacy of dexamethasone alone or in combination with other antiemetics to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) were included in a meta-analysis to estimate the relative efficacy of these treatments . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O" ]	Objective . Randomised controlled trials investigating the efficacy of dexamethasone alone or in combination with other antiemetics to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) were included in a meta-analysis to estimate the relative efficacy of these treatments .	[ "Objective", ".", "Randomised", "controlled", "trials", "investigating", "the", "efficacy", "of", "dexamethasone", "alone", "or", "in", "combination", "with", "other", "antiemetics", "to", "prevent", "postoperative", "nausea", "and", "vomiting", "(", "PONV", ")", "were", "included", "in", "a", "meta", "-", "analysis", "to", "estimate", "the", "relative", "efficacy", "of", "these", "treatments", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Objective is an umlsterm, Randomised controlled trials is an umlsterm, dexamethasone is an umlsterm, antiemetics is an umlsterm, postoperative nausea is an umlsterm, vomiting is an umlsterm, PONV is an umlsterm, meta - analysis is an umlsterm, relative is an umlsterm, treatments is an umlsterm	DerAnaesthesist.00490713.eng.abstr_task1	Sentence: Objective . Randomised controlled trials investigating the efficacy of dexamethasone alone or in combination with other antiemetics to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) were included in a meta-analysis to estimate the relative efficacy of these treatments . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Objective, Randomised controlled trials, dexamethasone, antiemetics, postoperative nausea, vomiting, PONV, meta - analysis, relative, treatments Options: umlsterm	[ "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O" ]	Objective . Randomised controlled trials investigating the efficacy of dexamethasone alone or in combination with other antiemetics to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) were included in a meta-analysis to estimate the relative efficacy of these treatments .	[ "Objective", ".", "Randomised", "controlled", "trials", "investigating", "the", "efficacy", "of", "dexamethasone", "alone", "or", "in", "combination", "with", "other", "antiemetics", "to", "prevent", "postoperative", "nausea", "and", "vomiting", "(", "PONV", ")", "were", "included", "in", "a", "meta", "-", "analysis", "to", "estimate", "the", "relative", "efficacy", "of", "these", "treatments", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Objective, Randomised controlled trials, dexamethasone, antiemetics, postoperative nausea, vomiting, PONV, meta - analysis, relative, treatments	DerAnaesthesist.00490713.eng.abstr_task2	Sentence: Objective . Randomised controlled trials investigating the efficacy of dexamethasone alone or in combination with other antiemetics to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) were included in a meta-analysis to estimate the relative efficacy of these treatments . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O" ]	Objective . Randomised controlled trials investigating the efficacy of dexamethasone alone or in combination with other antiemetics to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) were included in a meta-analysis to estimate the relative efficacy of these treatments .	[ "Objective", ".", "Randomised", "controlled", "trials", "investigating", "the", "efficacy", "of", "dexamethasone", "alone", "or", "in", "combination", "with", "other", "antiemetics", "to", "prevent", "postoperative", "nausea", "and", "vomiting", "(", "PONV", ")", "were", "included", "in", "a", "meta", "-", "analysis", "to", "estimate", "the", "relative", "efficacy", "of", "these", "treatments", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Analyse is an umlsterm, Luftrettung is an umlsterm, Kindern is an umlsterm, Geschlechtsverteilung is an umlsterm, Notfalldiagnostik is an umlsterm, -therapie is an umlsterm, Hand is an umlsterm, notfallmedizinischen is an umlsterm, Dokumentation is an umlsterm	Notfall+Rettungsmedizin.00030156.ger.abstr_task0	Sentence: Im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Analyse der Luftrettung wurde zunaechst die ausserklinische Erstversorgung von 274 akut verletzten ( 58% ) bzw. erkrankten ( 42% ) Kindern bis zum 14. Lebensjahr bezueglich des zeitlichen Aufkommens der Einsaetze , der Einhaltung der Hilfsfrist , der Alters- und Geschlechtsverteilung , der Schweregrade , der Traumaursachen und Verletzungsmuster , der Art der akuten paediatrischen Erkrankung , der praehospitalen Notfalldiagnostik und -therapie sowie des Transportmittels und der Zielklinik an Hand der notfallmedizinischen Dokumentation untersucht . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O" ]	Im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Analyse der Luftrettung wurde zunaechst die ausserklinische Erstversorgung von 274 akut verletzten ( 58% ) bzw. erkrankten ( 42% ) Kindern bis zum 14. Lebensjahr bezueglich des zeitlichen Aufkommens der Einsaetze , der Einhaltung der Hilfsfrist , der Alters- und Geschlechtsverteilung , der Schweregrade , der Traumaursachen und Verletzungsmuster , der Art der akuten paediatrischen Erkrankung , der praehospitalen Notfalldiagnostik und -therapie sowie des Transportmittels und der Zielklinik an Hand der notfallmedizinischen Dokumentation untersucht .	[ "Im", "Rahmen", "einer", "retrospektiven", "Analyse", "der", "Luftrettung", "wurde", "zunaechst", "die", "ausserklinische", "Erstversorgung", "von", "274", "akut", "verletzten", "(", "58", "%", ")", "bzw", ".", "erkrankten", "(", "42", "%", ")", "Kindern", "bis", "zum", "14", ".", "Lebensjahr", "bezueglich", "des", "zeitlichen", "Aufkommens", "der", "Einsaetze", ",", "der", "Einhaltung", "der", "Hilfsfrist", ",", "der", "Alters-", "und", "Geschlechtsverteilung", ",", "der", "Schweregrade", ",", "der", "Traumaursachen", "und", "Verletzungsmuster", ",", "der", "Art", "der", "akuten", "paediatrischen", "Erkrankung", ",", "der", "praehospitalen", "Notfalldiagnostik", "und", "-therapie", "sowie", "des", "Transportmittels", "und", "der", "Zielklinik", "an", "Hand", "der", "notfallmedizinischen", "Dokumentation", "untersucht", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Analyse is an umlsterm, Luftrettung is an umlsterm, Kindern is an umlsterm, Geschlechtsverteilung is an umlsterm, Notfalldiagnostik is an umlsterm, -therapie is an umlsterm, Hand is an umlsterm, notfallmedizinischen is an umlsterm, Dokumentation is an umlsterm	Notfall+Rettungsmedizin.00030156.ger.abstr_task1	Sentence: Im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Analyse der Luftrettung wurde zunaechst die ausserklinische Erstversorgung von 274 akut verletzten ( 58% ) bzw. erkrankten ( 42% ) Kindern bis zum 14. Lebensjahr bezueglich des zeitlichen Aufkommens der Einsaetze , der Einhaltung der Hilfsfrist , der Alters- und Geschlechtsverteilung , der Schweregrade , der Traumaursachen und Verletzungsmuster , der Art der akuten paediatrischen Erkrankung , der praehospitalen Notfalldiagnostik und -therapie sowie des Transportmittels und der Zielklinik an Hand der notfallmedizinischen Dokumentation untersucht . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Analyse, Luftrettung, Kindern, Geschlechtsverteilung, Notfalldiagnostik, -therapie, Hand, notfallmedizinischen, Dokumentation Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O" ]	Im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Analyse der Luftrettung wurde zunaechst die ausserklinische Erstversorgung von 274 akut verletzten ( 58% ) bzw. erkrankten ( 42% ) Kindern bis zum 14. Lebensjahr bezueglich des zeitlichen Aufkommens der Einsaetze , der Einhaltung der Hilfsfrist , der Alters- und Geschlechtsverteilung , der Schweregrade , der Traumaursachen und Verletzungsmuster , der Art der akuten paediatrischen Erkrankung , der praehospitalen Notfalldiagnostik und -therapie sowie des Transportmittels und der Zielklinik an Hand der notfallmedizinischen Dokumentation untersucht .	[ "Im", "Rahmen", "einer", "retrospektiven", "Analyse", "der", "Luftrettung", "wurde", "zunaechst", "die", "ausserklinische", "Erstversorgung", "von", "274", "akut", "verletzten", "(", "58", "%", ")", "bzw", ".", "erkrankten", "(", "42", "%", ")", "Kindern", "bis", "zum", "14", ".", "Lebensjahr", "bezueglich", "des", "zeitlichen", "Aufkommens", "der", "Einsaetze", ",", "der", "Einhaltung", "der", "Hilfsfrist", ",", "der", "Alters-", "und", "Geschlechtsverteilung", ",", "der", "Schweregrade", ",", "der", "Traumaursachen", "und", "Verletzungsmuster", ",", "der", "Art", "der", "akuten", "paediatrischen", "Erkrankung", ",", "der", "praehospitalen", "Notfalldiagnostik", "und", "-therapie", "sowie", "des", "Transportmittels", "und", "der", "Zielklinik", "an", "Hand", "der", "notfallmedizinischen", "Dokumentation", "untersucht", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Analyse, Luftrettung, Kindern, Geschlechtsverteilung, Notfalldiagnostik, -therapie, Hand, notfallmedizinischen, Dokumentation	Notfall+Rettungsmedizin.00030156.ger.abstr_task2	Sentence: Im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Analyse der Luftrettung wurde zunaechst die ausserklinische Erstversorgung von 274 akut verletzten ( 58% ) bzw. erkrankten ( 42% ) Kindern bis zum 14. Lebensjahr bezueglich des zeitlichen Aufkommens der Einsaetze , der Einhaltung der Hilfsfrist , der Alters- und Geschlechtsverteilung , der Schweregrade , der Traumaursachen und Verletzungsmuster , der Art der akuten paediatrischen Erkrankung , der praehospitalen Notfalldiagnostik und -therapie sowie des Transportmittels und der Zielklinik an Hand der notfallmedizinischen Dokumentation untersucht . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O" ]	Im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Analyse der Luftrettung wurde zunaechst die ausserklinische Erstversorgung von 274 akut verletzten ( 58% ) bzw. erkrankten ( 42% ) Kindern bis zum 14. Lebensjahr bezueglich des zeitlichen Aufkommens der Einsaetze , der Einhaltung der Hilfsfrist , der Alters- und Geschlechtsverteilung , der Schweregrade , der Traumaursachen und Verletzungsmuster , der Art der akuten paediatrischen Erkrankung , der praehospitalen Notfalldiagnostik und -therapie sowie des Transportmittels und der Zielklinik an Hand der notfallmedizinischen Dokumentation untersucht .	[ "Im", "Rahmen", "einer", "retrospektiven", "Analyse", "der", "Luftrettung", "wurde", "zunaechst", "die", "ausserklinische", "Erstversorgung", "von", "274", "akut", "verletzten", "(", "58", "%", ")", "bzw", ".", "erkrankten", "(", "42", "%", ")", "Kindern", "bis", "zum", "14", ".", "Lebensjahr", "bezueglich", "des", "zeitlichen", "Aufkommens", "der", "Einsaetze", ",", "der", "Einhaltung", "der", "Hilfsfrist", ",", "der", "Alters-", "und", "Geschlechtsverteilung", ",", "der", "Schweregrade", ",", "der", "Traumaursachen", "und", "Verletzungsmuster", ",", "der", "Art", "der", "akuten", "paediatrischen", "Erkrankung", ",", "der", "praehospitalen", "Notfalldiagnostik", "und", "-therapie", "sowie", "des", "Transportmittels", "und", "der", "Zielklinik", "an", "Hand", "der", "notfallmedizinischen", "Dokumentation", "untersucht", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
injuries is an umlsterm, defects is an umlsterm, treatment is an umlsterm, surgical is an umlsterm, treatment is an umlsterm, debridement is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, Plastic Surgery is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, saline is an umlsterm, flushout is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, defects is an umlsterm, skin is an umlsterm, necrosis is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, injury is an umlsterm, Patients is an umlsterm, defects is an umlsterm, dorsum is an umlsterm, hand is an umlsterm, debridement is an umlsterm, wound is an umlsterm, skin grafting is an umlsterm, referral is an umlsterm, Defects is an umlsterm, flap is an umlsterm, debridement is an umlsterm, time is an umlsterm, defects is an umlsterm, forearm is an umlsterm, dorsum is an umlsterm, foot is an umlsterm, skin grafting is an umlsterm, saline is an umlsterm, flushout is an umlsterm, defects is an umlsterm, dorsum is an umlsterm, hand is an umlsterm, debridement is an umlsterm, flap is an umlsterm	DerChirurg.80691378.eng.abstr_task0	Sentence: Extravasation injuries can result in extensive soft-tissue defects . On the cellular level there are five different pathophysiological mechanisms . Early treatment ( surgical removal of the extravasated material within 24 h ) and late treatment ( debridement and coverage ) are different . Thirty-two patients who suffered a significant extravasation were treated surgically by the Department of Plastic Surgery between 1989 and 1997. In 8 patients , referred within the first 24 h , the extravasated material could be removed by saline flushout . None of these patients developed soft-tissue defects or skin necrosis . The other 24 patients were referred late ( mean 19 days after the injury ) . Patients with defects of the dorsum of the hand or cubital fossa area who underwent debridement , temporary wound coverage and skin grafting ( n = 11 ) presented complete healing 52 days after the referral . Defects of the same regions covered by a flap after debridement ( n = 6 ) healed within 14 days . The healing time of defects of the forearm ( n = 2 ) and dorsum of the foot ( n = 5 ) was a mean of 15 days after skin grafting . Cytotoxic and osmotically active substances should be removed by saline flushout within 24 h . In defects of the dorsum of the hand and cubital fossa , early debridement and coverage with an adequate flap should be performed . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Extravasation injuries can result in extensive soft-tissue defects . On the cellular level there are five different pathophysiological mechanisms . Early treatment ( surgical removal of the extravasated material within 24 h ) and late treatment ( debridement and coverage ) are different . Thirty-two patients who suffered a significant extravasation were treated surgically by the Department of Plastic Surgery between 1989 and 1997. In 8 patients , referred within the first 24 h , the extravasated material could be removed by saline flushout . None of these patients developed soft-tissue defects or skin necrosis . The other 24 patients were referred late ( mean 19 days after the injury ) . Patients with defects of the dorsum of the hand or cubital fossa area who underwent debridement , temporary wound coverage and skin grafting ( n = 11 ) presented complete healing 52 days after the referral . Defects of the same regions covered by a flap after debridement ( n = 6 ) healed within 14 days . The healing time of defects of the forearm ( n = 2 ) and dorsum of the foot ( n = 5 ) was a mean of 15 days after skin grafting . Cytotoxic and osmotically active substances should be removed by saline flushout within 24 h . In defects of the dorsum of the hand and cubital fossa , early debridement and coverage with an adequate flap should be performed .	[ "Extravasation", "injuries", "can", "result", "in", "extensive", "soft", "-", "tissue", "defects", ".", "On", "the", "cellular", "level", "there", "are", "five", "different", "pathophysiological", "mechanisms", ".", "Early", "treatment", "(", "surgical", "removal", "of", "the", "extravasated", "material", "within", "24", "h", ")", "and", "late", "treatment", "(", "debridement", "and", "coverage", ")", "are", "different", ".", "Thirty", "-", "two", "patients", "who", "suffered", "a", "significant", "extravasation", "were", "treated", "surgically", "by", "the", "Department", "of", "Plastic", "Surgery", "between", "1989", "and", "1997", ".", "In", "8", "patients", ",", "referred", "within", "the", "first", "24", "h", ",", "the", "extravasated", "material", "could", "be", "removed", "by", "saline", "flushout", ".", "None", "of", "these", "patients", "developed", "soft", "-", "tissue", "defects", "or", "skin", "necrosis", ".", "The", "other", "24", "patients", "were", "referred", "late", "(", "mean", "19", "days", "after", "the", "injury", ")", ".", "Patients", "with", "defects", "of", "the", "dorsum", "of", "the", "hand", "or", "cubital", "fossa", "area", "who", "underwent", "debridement", ",", "temporary", "wound", "coverage", "and", "skin", "grafting", "(", "n", "=", "11", ")", "presented", "complete", "healing", "52", "days", "after", "the", "referral", ".", "Defects", "of", "the", "same", "regions", "covered", "by", "a", "flap", "after", "debridement", "(", "n", "=", "6", ")", "healed", "within", "14", "days", ".", "The", "healing", "time", "of", "defects", "of", "the", "forearm", "(", "n", "=", "2", ")", "and", "dorsum", "of", "the", "foot", "(", "n", "=", "5", ")", "was", "a", "mean", "of", "15", "days", "after", "skin", "grafting", ".", "Cytotoxic", "and", "osmotically", "active", "substances", "should", "be", "removed", "by", "saline", "flushout", "within", "24", "h", ".", "In", "defects", "of", "the", "dorsum", "of", "the", "hand", "and", "cubital", "fossa", ",", "early", "debridement", "and", "coverage", "with", "an", "adequate", "flap", "should", "be", "performed", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
injuries is an umlsterm, defects is an umlsterm, treatment is an umlsterm, surgical is an umlsterm, treatment is an umlsterm, debridement is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, Plastic Surgery is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, saline is an umlsterm, flushout is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, defects is an umlsterm, skin is an umlsterm, necrosis is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, injury is an umlsterm, Patients is an umlsterm, defects is an umlsterm, dorsum is an umlsterm, hand is an umlsterm, debridement is an umlsterm, wound is an umlsterm, skin grafting is an umlsterm, referral is an umlsterm, Defects is an umlsterm, flap is an umlsterm, debridement is an umlsterm, time is an umlsterm, defects is an umlsterm, forearm is an umlsterm, dorsum is an umlsterm, foot is an umlsterm, skin grafting is an umlsterm, saline is an umlsterm, flushout is an umlsterm, defects is an umlsterm, dorsum is an umlsterm, hand is an umlsterm, debridement is an umlsterm, flap is an umlsterm	DerChirurg.80691378.eng.abstr_task1	Sentence: Extravasation injuries can result in extensive soft-tissue defects . On the cellular level there are five different pathophysiological mechanisms . Early treatment ( surgical removal of the extravasated material within 24 h ) and late treatment ( debridement and coverage ) are different . Thirty-two patients who suffered a significant extravasation were treated surgically by the Department of Plastic Surgery between 1989 and 1997. In 8 patients , referred within the first 24 h , the extravasated material could be removed by saline flushout . None of these patients developed soft-tissue defects or skin necrosis . The other 24 patients were referred late ( mean 19 days after the injury ) . Patients with defects of the dorsum of the hand or cubital fossa area who underwent debridement , temporary wound coverage and skin grafting ( n = 11 ) presented complete healing 52 days after the referral . Defects of the same regions covered by a flap after debridement ( n = 6 ) healed within 14 days . The healing time of defects of the forearm ( n = 2 ) and dorsum of the foot ( n = 5 ) was a mean of 15 days after skin grafting . Cytotoxic and osmotically active substances should be removed by saline flushout within 24 h . In defects of the dorsum of the hand and cubital fossa , early debridement and coverage with an adequate flap should be performed . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: injuries, defects, treatment, surgical, treatment, debridement, patients, Plastic Surgery, patients, saline, flushout, patients, defects, skin, necrosis, patients, injury, Patients, defects, dorsum, hand, debridement, wound, skin grafting, referral, Defects, flap, debridement, time, defects, forearm, dorsum, foot, skin grafting, saline, flushout, defects, dorsum, hand, debridement, flap Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Extravasation injuries can result in extensive soft-tissue defects . On the cellular level there are five different pathophysiological mechanisms . Early treatment ( surgical removal of the extravasated material within 24 h ) and late treatment ( debridement and coverage ) are different . Thirty-two patients who suffered a significant extravasation were treated surgically by the Department of Plastic Surgery between 1989 and 1997. In 8 patients , referred within the first 24 h , the extravasated material could be removed by saline flushout . None of these patients developed soft-tissue defects or skin necrosis . The other 24 patients were referred late ( mean 19 days after the injury ) . Patients with defects of the dorsum of the hand or cubital fossa area who underwent debridement , temporary wound coverage and skin grafting ( n = 11 ) presented complete healing 52 days after the referral . Defects of the same regions covered by a flap after debridement ( n = 6 ) healed within 14 days . The healing time of defects of the forearm ( n = 2 ) and dorsum of the foot ( n = 5 ) was a mean of 15 days after skin grafting . Cytotoxic and osmotically active substances should be removed by saline flushout within 24 h . In defects of the dorsum of the hand and cubital fossa , early debridement and coverage with an adequate flap should be performed .	[ "Extravasation", "injuries", "can", "result", "in", "extensive", "soft", "-", "tissue", "defects", ".", "On", "the", "cellular", "level", "there", "are", "five", "different", "pathophysiological", "mechanisms", ".", "Early", "treatment", "(", "surgical", "removal", "of", "the", "extravasated", "material", "within", "24", "h", ")", "and", "late", "treatment", "(", "debridement", "and", "coverage", ")", "are", "different", ".", "Thirty", "-", "two", "patients", "who", "suffered", "a", "significant", "extravasation", "were", "treated", "surgically", "by", "the", "Department", "of", "Plastic", "Surgery", "between", "1989", "and", "1997", ".", "In", "8", "patients", ",", "referred", "within", "the", "first", "24", "h", ",", "the", "extravasated", "material", "could", "be", "removed", "by", "saline", "flushout", ".", "None", "of", "these", "patients", "developed", "soft", "-", "tissue", "defects", "or", "skin", "necrosis", ".", "The", "other", "24", "patients", "were", "referred", "late", "(", "mean", "19", "days", "after", "the", "injury", ")", ".", "Patients", "with", "defects", "of", "the", "dorsum", "of", "the", "hand", "or", "cubital", "fossa", "area", "who", "underwent", "debridement", ",", "temporary", "wound", "coverage", "and", "skin", "grafting", "(", "n", "=", "11", ")", "presented", "complete", "healing", "52", "days", "after", "the", "referral", ".", "Defects", "of", "the", "same", "regions", "covered", "by", "a", "flap", "after", "debridement", "(", "n", "=", "6", ")", "healed", "within", "14", "days", ".", "The", "healing", "time", "of", "defects", "of", "the", "forearm", "(", "n", "=", "2", ")", "and", "dorsum", "of", "the", "foot", "(", "n", "=", "5", ")", "was", "a", "mean", "of", "15", "days", "after", "skin", "grafting", ".", "Cytotoxic", "and", "osmotically", "active", "substances", "should", "be", "removed", "by", "saline", "flushout", "within", "24", "h", ".", "In", "defects", "of", "the", "dorsum", "of", "the", "hand", "and", "cubital", "fossa", ",", "early", "debridement", "and", "coverage", "with", "an", "adequate", "flap", "should", "be", "performed", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
injuries, defects, treatment, surgical, treatment, debridement, patients, Plastic Surgery, patients, saline, flushout, patients, defects, skin, necrosis, patients, injury, Patients, defects, dorsum, hand, debridement, wound, skin grafting, referral, Defects, flap, debridement, time, defects, forearm, dorsum, foot, skin grafting, saline, flushout, defects, dorsum, hand, debridement, flap	DerChirurg.80691378.eng.abstr_task2	Sentence: Extravasation injuries can result in extensive soft-tissue defects . On the cellular level there are five different pathophysiological mechanisms . Early treatment ( surgical removal of the extravasated material within 24 h ) and late treatment ( debridement and coverage ) are different . Thirty-two patients who suffered a significant extravasation were treated surgically by the Department of Plastic Surgery between 1989 and 1997. In 8 patients , referred within the first 24 h , the extravasated material could be removed by saline flushout . None of these patients developed soft-tissue defects or skin necrosis . The other 24 patients were referred late ( mean 19 days after the injury ) . Patients with defects of the dorsum of the hand or cubital fossa area who underwent debridement , temporary wound coverage and skin grafting ( n = 11 ) presented complete healing 52 days after the referral . Defects of the same regions covered by a flap after debridement ( n = 6 ) healed within 14 days . The healing time of defects of the forearm ( n = 2 ) and dorsum of the foot ( n = 5 ) was a mean of 15 days after skin grafting . Cytotoxic and osmotically active substances should be removed by saline flushout within 24 h . In defects of the dorsum of the hand and cubital fossa , early debridement and coverage with an adequate flap should be performed . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Extravasation injuries can result in extensive soft-tissue defects . On the cellular level there are five different pathophysiological mechanisms . Early treatment ( surgical removal of the extravasated material within 24 h ) and late treatment ( debridement and coverage ) are different . Thirty-two patients who suffered a significant extravasation were treated surgically by the Department of Plastic Surgery between 1989 and 1997. In 8 patients , referred within the first 24 h , the extravasated material could be removed by saline flushout . None of these patients developed soft-tissue defects or skin necrosis . The other 24 patients were referred late ( mean 19 days after the injury ) . Patients with defects of the dorsum of the hand or cubital fossa area who underwent debridement , temporary wound coverage and skin grafting ( n = 11 ) presented complete healing 52 days after the referral . Defects of the same regions covered by a flap after debridement ( n = 6 ) healed within 14 days . The healing time of defects of the forearm ( n = 2 ) and dorsum of the foot ( n = 5 ) was a mean of 15 days after skin grafting . Cytotoxic and osmotically active substances should be removed by saline flushout within 24 h . In defects of the dorsum of the hand and cubital fossa , early debridement and coverage with an adequate flap should be performed .	[ "Extravasation", "injuries", "can", "result", "in", "extensive", "soft", "-", "tissue", "defects", ".", "On", "the", "cellular", "level", "there", "are", "five", "different", "pathophysiological", "mechanisms", ".", "Early", "treatment", "(", "surgical", "removal", "of", "the", "extravasated", "material", "within", "24", "h", ")", "and", "late", "treatment", "(", "debridement", "and", "coverage", ")", "are", "different", ".", "Thirty", "-", "two", "patients", "who", "suffered", "a", "significant", "extravasation", "were", "treated", "surgically", "by", "the", "Department", "of", "Plastic", "Surgery", "between", "1989", "and", "1997", ".", "In", "8", "patients", ",", "referred", "within", "the", "first", "24", "h", ",", "the", "extravasated", "material", "could", "be", "removed", "by", "saline", "flushout", ".", "None", "of", "these", "patients", "developed", "soft", "-", "tissue", "defects", "or", "skin", "necrosis", ".", "The", "other", "24", "patients", "were", "referred", "late", "(", "mean", "19", "days", "after", "the", "injury", ")", ".", "Patients", "with", "defects", "of", "the", "dorsum", "of", "the", "hand", "or", "cubital", "fossa", "area", "who", "underwent", "debridement", ",", "temporary", "wound", "coverage", "and", "skin", "grafting", "(", "n", "=", "11", ")", "presented", "complete", "healing", "52", "days", "after", "the", "referral", ".", "Defects", "of", "the", "same", "regions", "covered", "by", "a", "flap", "after", "debridement", "(", "n", "=", "6", ")", "healed", "within", "14", "days", ".", "The", "healing", "time", "of", "defects", "of", "the", "forearm", "(", "n", "=", "2", ")", "and", "dorsum", "of", "the", "foot", "(", "n", "=", "5", ")", "was", "a", "mean", "of", "15", "days", "after", "skin", "grafting", ".", "Cytotoxic", "and", "osmotically", "active", "substances", "should", "be", "removed", "by", "saline", "flushout", "within", "24", "h", ".", "In", "defects", "of", "the", "dorsum", "of", "the", "hand", "and", "cubital", "fossa", ",", "early", "debridement", "and", "coverage", "with", "an", "adequate", "flap", "should", "be", "performed", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Vene is an umlsterm, Bypasschirurgie is an umlsterm, Hautinzision is an umlsterm, Subkutangewebe is an umlsterm, Vena saphena is an umlsterm, Technik is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Vena saphena is an umlsterm, Haematom is an umlsterm, Venenentnahme is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Risiko is an umlsterm	ZfuerKardiologie.9088s035.ger.abstr_task0	Sentence: Trotz aller Bemuehungen , ein alternatives Bypassmaterial zu finden , bleibt die autologe Vene das geeignetste Material , von arteriellen Grafts abgesehen , fuer die koronare und periphere Bypasschirurgie . Sie wird im allgemeinen durch eine kontinuierliche Hautinzision im Subkutangewebe freipraepariert . Zu schwereren Wundheilungsstoerungen kommt es in 1-3% der Faelle , leichtere Wundheilungsstoerungen kommen mit bis zu 43% wesentlich haeufiger vor . Wir entwickelten ein Entnahmeverfahren , durch das die Vena saphena magna durch nur einen 2-3 cm langen Schnitt mittels einer endoskopischen Technik entnommen werden kann . Bei 218 Patienten , die sich einer Bypassoperation unterzogen , entnahmen wir die Vena saphena magna endoskopisch . Schwere Wundheilungsstoerungen kamen nicht vor . Ein nicht revisionspflichtiges Haematom und drei Serome traten postoperativ auf . Aufgrund unserer Erfahrungen benutzen wir die endoskopische Venenentnahme als Routineverfahren bevorzugt bei Patienten , die ein erhoehtes Risiko fuer Wundheilungsstoerungen haben . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Trotz aller Bemuehungen , ein alternatives Bypassmaterial zu finden , bleibt die autologe Vene das geeignetste Material , von arteriellen Grafts abgesehen , fuer die koronare und periphere Bypasschirurgie . Sie wird im allgemeinen durch eine kontinuierliche Hautinzision im Subkutangewebe freipraepariert . Zu schwereren Wundheilungsstoerungen kommt es in 1-3% der Faelle , leichtere Wundheilungsstoerungen kommen mit bis zu 43% wesentlich haeufiger vor . Wir entwickelten ein Entnahmeverfahren , durch das die Vena saphena magna durch nur einen 2-3 cm langen Schnitt mittels einer endoskopischen Technik entnommen werden kann . Bei 218 Patienten , die sich einer Bypassoperation unterzogen , entnahmen wir die Vena saphena magna endoskopisch . Schwere Wundheilungsstoerungen kamen nicht vor . Ein nicht revisionspflichtiges Haematom und drei Serome traten postoperativ auf . Aufgrund unserer Erfahrungen benutzen wir die endoskopische Venenentnahme als Routineverfahren bevorzugt bei Patienten , die ein erhoehtes Risiko fuer Wundheilungsstoerungen haben .	[ "Trotz", "aller", "Bemuehungen", ",", "ein", "alternatives", "Bypassmaterial", "zu", "finden", ",", "bleibt", "die", "autologe", "Vene", "das", "geeignetste", "Material", ",", "von", "arteriellen", "Grafts", "abgesehen", ",", "fuer", "die", "koronare", "und", "periphere", "Bypasschirurgie", ".", "Sie", "wird", "im", "allgemeinen", "durch", "eine", "kontinuierliche", "Hautinzision", "im", "Subkutangewebe", "freipraepariert", ".", "Zu", "schwereren", "Wundheilungsstoerungen", "kommt", "es", "in", "1", "-", "3", "%", "der", "Faelle", ",", "leichtere", "Wundheilungsstoerungen", "kommen", "mit", "bis", "zu", "43", "%", "wesentlich", "haeufiger", "vor", ".", "Wir", "entwickelten", "ein", "Entnahmeverfahren", ",", "durch", "das", "die", "Vena", "saphena", "magna", "durch", "nur", "einen", "2", "-", "3", "cm", "langen", "Schnitt", "mittels", "einer", "endoskopischen", "Technik", "entnommen", "werden", "kann", ".", "Bei", "218", "Patienten", ",", "die", "sich", "einer", "Bypassoperation", "unterzogen", ",", "entnahmen", "wir", "die", "Vena", "saphena", "magna", "endoskopisch", ".", "Schwere", "Wundheilungsstoerungen", "kamen", "nicht", "vor", ".", "Ein", "nicht", "revisionspflichtiges", "Haematom", "und", "drei", "Serome", "traten", "postoperativ", "auf", ".", "Aufgrund", "unserer", "Erfahrungen", "benutzen", "wir", "die", "endoskopische", "Venenentnahme", "als", "Routineverfahren", "bevorzugt", "bei", "Patienten", ",", "die", "ein", "erhoehtes", "Risiko", "fuer", "Wundheilungsstoerungen", "haben", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Vene is an umlsterm, Bypasschirurgie is an umlsterm, Hautinzision is an umlsterm, Subkutangewebe is an umlsterm, Vena saphena is an umlsterm, Technik is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Vena saphena is an umlsterm, Haematom is an umlsterm, Venenentnahme is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Risiko is an umlsterm	ZfuerKardiologie.9088s035.ger.abstr_task1	Sentence: Trotz aller Bemuehungen , ein alternatives Bypassmaterial zu finden , bleibt die autologe Vene das geeignetste Material , von arteriellen Grafts abgesehen , fuer die koronare und periphere Bypasschirurgie . Sie wird im allgemeinen durch eine kontinuierliche Hautinzision im Subkutangewebe freipraepariert . Zu schwereren Wundheilungsstoerungen kommt es in 1-3% der Faelle , leichtere Wundheilungsstoerungen kommen mit bis zu 43% wesentlich haeufiger vor . Wir entwickelten ein Entnahmeverfahren , durch das die Vena saphena magna durch nur einen 2-3 cm langen Schnitt mittels einer endoskopischen Technik entnommen werden kann . Bei 218 Patienten , die sich einer Bypassoperation unterzogen , entnahmen wir die Vena saphena magna endoskopisch . Schwere Wundheilungsstoerungen kamen nicht vor . Ein nicht revisionspflichtiges Haematom und drei Serome traten postoperativ auf . Aufgrund unserer Erfahrungen benutzen wir die endoskopische Venenentnahme als Routineverfahren bevorzugt bei Patienten , die ein erhoehtes Risiko fuer Wundheilungsstoerungen haben . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Vene, Bypasschirurgie, Hautinzision, Subkutangewebe, Vena saphena, Technik, Patienten, Vena saphena, Haematom, Venenentnahme, Patienten, Risiko Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Trotz aller Bemuehungen , ein alternatives Bypassmaterial zu finden , bleibt die autologe Vene das geeignetste Material , von arteriellen Grafts abgesehen , fuer die koronare und periphere Bypasschirurgie . Sie wird im allgemeinen durch eine kontinuierliche Hautinzision im Subkutangewebe freipraepariert . Zu schwereren Wundheilungsstoerungen kommt es in 1-3% der Faelle , leichtere Wundheilungsstoerungen kommen mit bis zu 43% wesentlich haeufiger vor . Wir entwickelten ein Entnahmeverfahren , durch das die Vena saphena magna durch nur einen 2-3 cm langen Schnitt mittels einer endoskopischen Technik entnommen werden kann . Bei 218 Patienten , die sich einer Bypassoperation unterzogen , entnahmen wir die Vena saphena magna endoskopisch . Schwere Wundheilungsstoerungen kamen nicht vor . Ein nicht revisionspflichtiges Haematom und drei Serome traten postoperativ auf . Aufgrund unserer Erfahrungen benutzen wir die endoskopische Venenentnahme als Routineverfahren bevorzugt bei Patienten , die ein erhoehtes Risiko fuer Wundheilungsstoerungen haben .	[ "Trotz", "aller", "Bemuehungen", ",", "ein", "alternatives", "Bypassmaterial", "zu", "finden", ",", "bleibt", "die", "autologe", "Vene", "das", "geeignetste", "Material", ",", "von", "arteriellen", "Grafts", "abgesehen", ",", "fuer", "die", "koronare", "und", "periphere", "Bypasschirurgie", ".", "Sie", "wird", "im", "allgemeinen", "durch", "eine", "kontinuierliche", "Hautinzision", "im", "Subkutangewebe", "freipraepariert", ".", "Zu", "schwereren", "Wundheilungsstoerungen", "kommt", "es", "in", "1", "-", "3", "%", "der", "Faelle", ",", "leichtere", "Wundheilungsstoerungen", "kommen", "mit", "bis", "zu", "43", "%", "wesentlich", "haeufiger", "vor", ".", "Wir", "entwickelten", "ein", "Entnahmeverfahren", ",", "durch", "das", "die", "Vena", "saphena", "magna", "durch", "nur", "einen", "2", "-", "3", "cm", "langen", "Schnitt", "mittels", "einer", "endoskopischen", "Technik", "entnommen", "werden", "kann", ".", "Bei", "218", "Patienten", ",", "die", "sich", "einer", "Bypassoperation", "unterzogen", ",", "entnahmen", "wir", "die", "Vena", "saphena", "magna", "endoskopisch", ".", "Schwere", "Wundheilungsstoerungen", "kamen", "nicht", "vor", ".", "Ein", "nicht", "revisionspflichtiges", "Haematom", "und", "drei", "Serome", "traten", "postoperativ", "auf", ".", "Aufgrund", "unserer", "Erfahrungen", "benutzen", "wir", "die", "endoskopische", "Venenentnahme", "als", "Routineverfahren", "bevorzugt", "bei", "Patienten", ",", "die", "ein", "erhoehtes", "Risiko", "fuer", "Wundheilungsstoerungen", "haben", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Vene, Bypasschirurgie, Hautinzision, Subkutangewebe, Vena saphena, Technik, Patienten, Vena saphena, Haematom, Venenentnahme, Patienten, Risiko	ZfuerKardiologie.9088s035.ger.abstr_task2	Sentence: Trotz aller Bemuehungen , ein alternatives Bypassmaterial zu finden , bleibt die autologe Vene das geeignetste Material , von arteriellen Grafts abgesehen , fuer die koronare und periphere Bypasschirurgie . Sie wird im allgemeinen durch eine kontinuierliche Hautinzision im Subkutangewebe freipraepariert . Zu schwereren Wundheilungsstoerungen kommt es in 1-3% der Faelle , leichtere Wundheilungsstoerungen kommen mit bis zu 43% wesentlich haeufiger vor . Wir entwickelten ein Entnahmeverfahren , durch das die Vena saphena magna durch nur einen 2-3 cm langen Schnitt mittels einer endoskopischen Technik entnommen werden kann . Bei 218 Patienten , die sich einer Bypassoperation unterzogen , entnahmen wir die Vena saphena magna endoskopisch . Schwere Wundheilungsstoerungen kamen nicht vor . Ein nicht revisionspflichtiges Haematom und drei Serome traten postoperativ auf . Aufgrund unserer Erfahrungen benutzen wir die endoskopische Venenentnahme als Routineverfahren bevorzugt bei Patienten , die ein erhoehtes Risiko fuer Wundheilungsstoerungen haben . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Trotz aller Bemuehungen , ein alternatives Bypassmaterial zu finden , bleibt die autologe Vene das geeignetste Material , von arteriellen Grafts abgesehen , fuer die koronare und periphere Bypasschirurgie . Sie wird im allgemeinen durch eine kontinuierliche Hautinzision im Subkutangewebe freipraepariert . Zu schwereren Wundheilungsstoerungen kommt es in 1-3% der Faelle , leichtere Wundheilungsstoerungen kommen mit bis zu 43% wesentlich haeufiger vor . Wir entwickelten ein Entnahmeverfahren , durch das die Vena saphena magna durch nur einen 2-3 cm langen Schnitt mittels einer endoskopischen Technik entnommen werden kann . Bei 218 Patienten , die sich einer Bypassoperation unterzogen , entnahmen wir die Vena saphena magna endoskopisch . Schwere Wundheilungsstoerungen kamen nicht vor . Ein nicht revisionspflichtiges Haematom und drei Serome traten postoperativ auf . Aufgrund unserer Erfahrungen benutzen wir die endoskopische Venenentnahme als Routineverfahren bevorzugt bei Patienten , die ein erhoehtes Risiko fuer Wundheilungsstoerungen haben .	[ "Trotz", "aller", "Bemuehungen", ",", "ein", "alternatives", "Bypassmaterial", "zu", "finden", ",", "bleibt", "die", "autologe", "Vene", "das", "geeignetste", "Material", ",", "von", "arteriellen", "Grafts", "abgesehen", ",", "fuer", "die", "koronare", "und", "periphere", "Bypasschirurgie", ".", "Sie", "wird", "im", "allgemeinen", "durch", "eine", "kontinuierliche", "Hautinzision", "im", "Subkutangewebe", "freipraepariert", ".", "Zu", "schwereren", "Wundheilungsstoerungen", "kommt", "es", "in", "1", "-", "3", "%", "der", "Faelle", ",", "leichtere", "Wundheilungsstoerungen", "kommen", "mit", "bis", "zu", "43", "%", "wesentlich", "haeufiger", "vor", ".", "Wir", "entwickelten", "ein", "Entnahmeverfahren", ",", "durch", "das", "die", "Vena", "saphena", "magna", "durch", "nur", "einen", "2", "-", "3", "cm", "langen", "Schnitt", "mittels", "einer", "endoskopischen", "Technik", "entnommen", "werden", "kann", ".", "Bei", "218", "Patienten", ",", "die", "sich", "einer", "Bypassoperation", "unterzogen", ",", "entnahmen", "wir", "die", "Vena", "saphena", "magna", "endoskopisch", ".", "Schwere", "Wundheilungsstoerungen", "kamen", "nicht", "vor", ".", "Ein", "nicht", "revisionspflichtiges", "Haematom", "und", "drei", "Serome", "traten", "postoperativ", "auf", ".", "Aufgrund", "unserer", "Erfahrungen", "benutzen", "wir", "die", "endoskopische", "Venenentnahme", "als", "Routineverfahren", "bevorzugt", "bei", "Patienten", ",", "die", "ein", "erhoehtes", "Risiko", "fuer", "Wundheilungsstoerungen", "haben", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
subarachnoid hemorrhage : is a Participant_Condition, coagulation activity is a Outcome_Physical, acute nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage ( SAH ) is a Participant_Condition, enoxaparin is a Intervention_Pharmacological, thromboprophylactic efficacy is a Outcome_Other, hemostatic variables is a Outcome_Physical, activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis is a Outcome_Physical, Blood samples is a Outcome_Other, 42 is a Participant_Sample-size, acute aneurysmal SAH is a Participant_Condition, variables of coagulation and fibrinolysis is a Outcome_Physical, D - dimer levels is a Outcome_Physical, early coagulation activity is a Outcome_Physical, thrombin generation is a Outcome_Physical, PAI-1 activity is a Outcome_Physical, severity of SAH is a Outcome_Physical, coagulation activity and D - dimer is a Outcome_Physical	22573_task0	Sentence: D-dimer predicts outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage : no effect of thromboprophylaxis on coagulation activity . OBJECTIVE Approximately one-third of all patients with acute nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage ( SAH ) experience complications owing to delayed ischemic deficit . We reported recently that enoxaparin 40 mg once daily for 10 days seems safe and demonstrates thromboprophylactic efficacy , but it failed to improve outcome in a randomized SAH trial . In the present study , we assessed hemostatic variables associated with clinical status and outcome of SAH . We also monitored the effect of enoxaparin on activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis after closure of the ruptured aneurysm . METHODS Blood samples to measure activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis were collected from 42 patients participating in the enoxaparin trial for acute aneurysmal SAH at four time points : 1 ) at hospital admission ; 2 ) 12 to 24 hours after aneurysm surgery but before initiation of enoxaparin therapy ; 3 ) 3 hours after the first dose ; and 4 ) at the conclusion of treatment . RESULTS At admission , several variables of coagulation and fibrinolysis were elevated and correlated well with clinical status . Specifically , D-dimer levels at all four time points correlated with patients ' long-term outcomes . A single dose of enoxaparin suppressed early coagulation activity , but thrombin generation was not inhibited during thromboprophylaxis . However , PAI-1 activity was suppressed . CONCLUSION D-dimer offers a useful laboratory tool for assessing early and late clinical severity of SAH . A thromboprophylactic dose of enoxaparin inhibited PAI-1 activity but failed to down-regulate coagulation activity and D-dimer . These findings are compatible with the lack of efficacy of enoxaparin in reducing ischemic deficit after SAH . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size, Outcome_Other	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	D-dimer predicts outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage : no effect of thromboprophylaxis on coagulation activity . OBJECTIVE Approximately one-third of all patients with acute nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage ( SAH ) experience complications owing to delayed ischemic deficit . We reported recently that enoxaparin 40 mg once daily for 10 days seems safe and demonstrates thromboprophylactic efficacy , but it failed to improve outcome in a randomized SAH trial . In the present study , we assessed hemostatic variables associated with clinical status and outcome of SAH . We also monitored the effect of enoxaparin on activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis after closure of the ruptured aneurysm . METHODS Blood samples to measure activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis were collected from 42 patients participating in the enoxaparin trial for acute aneurysmal SAH at four time points : 1 ) at hospital admission ; 2 ) 12 to 24 hours after aneurysm surgery but before initiation of enoxaparin therapy ; 3 ) 3 hours after the first dose ; and 4 ) at the conclusion of treatment . RESULTS At admission , several variables of coagulation and fibrinolysis were elevated and correlated well with clinical status . Specifically , D-dimer levels at all four time points correlated with patients ' long-term outcomes . A single dose of enoxaparin suppressed early coagulation activity , but thrombin generation was not inhibited during thromboprophylaxis . However , PAI-1 activity was suppressed . CONCLUSION D-dimer offers a useful laboratory tool for assessing early and late clinical severity of SAH . A thromboprophylactic dose of enoxaparin inhibited PAI-1 activity but failed to down-regulate coagulation activity and D-dimer . These findings are compatible with the lack of efficacy of enoxaparin in reducing ischemic deficit after SAH .	[ "D", "-", "dimer", "predicts", "outcome", "after", "aneurysmal", "subarachnoid", "hemorrhage", ":", "no", "effect", "of", "thromboprophylaxis", "on", "coagulation", "activity", ".", "OBJECTIVE", "Approximately", "one", "-", "third", "of", "all", "patients", "with", "acute", "nontraumatic", "subarachnoid", "hemorrhage", "(", "SAH", ")", "experience", "complications", "owing", "to", "delayed", "ischemic", "deficit", ".", "We", "reported", "recently", "that", "enoxaparin", "40", "mg", "once", "daily", "for", "10", "days", "seems", "safe", "and", "demonstrates", "thromboprophylactic", "efficacy", ",", "but", "it", "failed", "to", "improve", "outcome", "in", "a", "randomized", "SAH", "trial", ".", "In", "the", "present", "study", ",", "we", "assessed", "hemostatic", "variables", "associated", "with", "clinical", "status", "and", "outcome", "of", "SAH", ".", "We", "also", "monitored", "the", "effect", "of", "enoxaparin", "on", "activation", "of", "coagulation", "and", "fibrinolysis", "after", "closure", "of", "the", "ruptured", "aneurysm", ".", "METHODS", "Blood", "samples", "to", "measure", "activation", "of", "coagulation", "and", "fibrinolysis", "were", "collected", "from", "42", "patients", "participating", "in", "the", "enoxaparin", "trial", "for", "acute", "aneurysmal", "SAH", "at", "four", "time", "points", ":", "1", ")", "at", "hospital", "admission", ";", "2", ")", "12", "to", "24", "hours", "after", "aneurysm", "surgery", "but", "before", "initiation", "of", "enoxaparin", "therapy", ";", "3", ")", "3", "hours", "after", "the", "first", "dose", ";", "and", "4", ")", "at", "the", "conclusion", "of", "treatment", ".", "RESULTS", "At", "admission", ",", "several", "variables", "of", "coagulation", "and", "fibrinolysis", "were", "elevated", "and", "correlated", "well", "with", "clinical", "status", ".", "Specifically", ",", "D", "-", "dimer", "levels", "at", "all", "four", "time", "points", "correlated", "with", "patients", "'", "long", "-", "term", "outcomes", ".", "A", "single", "dose", "of", "enoxaparin", "suppressed", "early", "coagulation", "activity", ",", "but", "thrombin", "generation", "was", "not", "inhibited", "during", "thromboprophylaxis", ".", "However", ",", "PAI-1", "activity", "was", "suppressed", ".", "CONCLUSION", "D", "-", "dimer", "offers", "a", "useful", "laboratory", "tool", "for", "assessing", "early", "and", "late", "clinical", "severity", "of", "SAH", ".", "A", "thromboprophylactic", "dose", "of", "enoxaparin", "inhibited", "PAI-1", "activity", "but", "failed", "to", "down", "-", "regulate", "coagulation", "activity", "and", "D", "-", "dimer", ".", "These", "findings", "are", "compatible", "with", "the", "lack", "of", "efficacy", "of", "enoxaparin", "in", "reducing", "ischemic", "deficit", "after", "SAH", "." ]	[ "Participant_Condition", "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Sample-size" ]
subarachnoid hemorrhage : is a Participant_Condition, coagulation activity is a Outcome_Physical, acute nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage ( SAH ) is a Participant_Condition, enoxaparin is a Intervention_Pharmacological, thromboprophylactic efficacy is a Outcome_Other, hemostatic variables is a Outcome_Physical, activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis is a Outcome_Physical, Blood samples is a Outcome_Other, 42 is a Participant_Sample-size, acute aneurysmal SAH is a Participant_Condition, variables of coagulation and fibrinolysis is a Outcome_Physical, D - dimer levels is a Outcome_Physical, early coagulation activity is a Outcome_Physical, thrombin generation is a Outcome_Physical, PAI-1 activity is a Outcome_Physical, severity of SAH is a Outcome_Physical, coagulation activity and D - dimer is a Outcome_Physical	22573_task1	Sentence: D-dimer predicts outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage : no effect of thromboprophylaxis on coagulation activity . OBJECTIVE Approximately one-third of all patients with acute nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage ( SAH ) experience complications owing to delayed ischemic deficit . We reported recently that enoxaparin 40 mg once daily for 10 days seems safe and demonstrates thromboprophylactic efficacy , but it failed to improve outcome in a randomized SAH trial . In the present study , we assessed hemostatic variables associated with clinical status and outcome of SAH . We also monitored the effect of enoxaparin on activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis after closure of the ruptured aneurysm . METHODS Blood samples to measure activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis were collected from 42 patients participating in the enoxaparin trial for acute aneurysmal SAH at four time points : 1 ) at hospital admission ; 2 ) 12 to 24 hours after aneurysm surgery but before initiation of enoxaparin therapy ; 3 ) 3 hours after the first dose ; and 4 ) at the conclusion of treatment . RESULTS At admission , several variables of coagulation and fibrinolysis were elevated and correlated well with clinical status . Specifically , D-dimer levels at all four time points correlated with patients ' long-term outcomes . A single dose of enoxaparin suppressed early coagulation activity , but thrombin generation was not inhibited during thromboprophylaxis . However , PAI-1 activity was suppressed . CONCLUSION D-dimer offers a useful laboratory tool for assessing early and late clinical severity of SAH . A thromboprophylactic dose of enoxaparin inhibited PAI-1 activity but failed to down-regulate coagulation activity and D-dimer . These findings are compatible with the lack of efficacy of enoxaparin in reducing ischemic deficit after SAH . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: subarachnoid hemorrhage :, coagulation activity, acute nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage ( SAH ), enoxaparin, thromboprophylactic efficacy, hemostatic variables, activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis, Blood samples, 42, acute aneurysmal SAH, variables of coagulation and fibrinolysis, D - dimer levels, early coagulation activity, thrombin generation, PAI-1 activity, severity of SAH, coagulation activity and D - dimer Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size, Outcome_Other	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	D-dimer predicts outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage : no effect of thromboprophylaxis on coagulation activity . OBJECTIVE Approximately one-third of all patients with acute nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage ( SAH ) experience complications owing to delayed ischemic deficit . We reported recently that enoxaparin 40 mg once daily for 10 days seems safe and demonstrates thromboprophylactic efficacy , but it failed to improve outcome in a randomized SAH trial . In the present study , we assessed hemostatic variables associated with clinical status and outcome of SAH . We also monitored the effect of enoxaparin on activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis after closure of the ruptured aneurysm . METHODS Blood samples to measure activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis were collected from 42 patients participating in the enoxaparin trial for acute aneurysmal SAH at four time points : 1 ) at hospital admission ; 2 ) 12 to 24 hours after aneurysm surgery but before initiation of enoxaparin therapy ; 3 ) 3 hours after the first dose ; and 4 ) at the conclusion of treatment . RESULTS At admission , several variables of coagulation and fibrinolysis were elevated and correlated well with clinical status . Specifically , D-dimer levels at all four time points correlated with patients ' long-term outcomes . A single dose of enoxaparin suppressed early coagulation activity , but thrombin generation was not inhibited during thromboprophylaxis . However , PAI-1 activity was suppressed . CONCLUSION D-dimer offers a useful laboratory tool for assessing early and late clinical severity of SAH . A thromboprophylactic dose of enoxaparin inhibited PAI-1 activity but failed to down-regulate coagulation activity and D-dimer . These findings are compatible with the lack of efficacy of enoxaparin in reducing ischemic deficit after SAH .	[ "D", "-", "dimer", "predicts", "outcome", "after", "aneurysmal", "subarachnoid", "hemorrhage", ":", "no", "effect", "of", "thromboprophylaxis", "on", "coagulation", "activity", ".", "OBJECTIVE", "Approximately", "one", "-", "third", "of", "all", "patients", "with", "acute", "nontraumatic", "subarachnoid", "hemorrhage", "(", "SAH", ")", "experience", "complications", "owing", "to", "delayed", "ischemic", "deficit", ".", "We", "reported", "recently", "that", "enoxaparin", "40", "mg", "once", "daily", "for", "10", "days", "seems", "safe", "and", "demonstrates", "thromboprophylactic", "efficacy", ",", "but", "it", "failed", "to", "improve", "outcome", "in", "a", "randomized", "SAH", "trial", ".", "In", "the", "present", "study", ",", "we", "assessed", "hemostatic", "variables", "associated", "with", "clinical", "status", "and", "outcome", "of", "SAH", ".", "We", "also", "monitored", "the", "effect", "of", "enoxaparin", "on", "activation", "of", "coagulation", "and", "fibrinolysis", "after", "closure", "of", "the", "ruptured", "aneurysm", ".", "METHODS", "Blood", "samples", "to", "measure", "activation", "of", "coagulation", "and", "fibrinolysis", "were", "collected", "from", "42", "patients", "participating", "in", "the", "enoxaparin", "trial", "for", "acute", "aneurysmal", "SAH", "at", "four", "time", "points", ":", "1", ")", "at", "hospital", "admission", ";", "2", ")", "12", "to", "24", "hours", "after", "aneurysm", "surgery", "but", "before", "initiation", "of", "enoxaparin", "therapy", ";", "3", ")", "3", "hours", "after", "the", "first", "dose", ";", "and", "4", ")", "at", "the", "conclusion", "of", "treatment", ".", "RESULTS", "At", "admission", ",", "several", "variables", "of", "coagulation", "and", "fibrinolysis", "were", "elevated", "and", "correlated", "well", "with", "clinical", "status", ".", "Specifically", ",", "D", "-", "dimer", "levels", "at", "all", "four", "time", "points", "correlated", "with", "patients", "'", "long", "-", "term", "outcomes", ".", "A", "single", "dose", "of", "enoxaparin", "suppressed", "early", "coagulation", "activity", ",", "but", "thrombin", "generation", "was", "not", "inhibited", "during", "thromboprophylaxis", ".", "However", ",", "PAI-1", "activity", "was", "suppressed", ".", "CONCLUSION", "D", "-", "dimer", "offers", "a", "useful", "laboratory", "tool", "for", "assessing", "early", "and", "late", "clinical", "severity", "of", "SAH", ".", "A", "thromboprophylactic", "dose", "of", "enoxaparin", "inhibited", "PAI-1", "activity", "but", "failed", "to", "down", "-", "regulate", "coagulation", "activity", "and", "D", "-", "dimer", ".", "These", "findings", "are", "compatible", "with", "the", "lack", "of", "efficacy", "of", "enoxaparin", "in", "reducing", "ischemic", "deficit", "after", "SAH", "." ]	[ "Participant_Condition", "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Sample-size" ]
subarachnoid hemorrhage :, coagulation activity, acute nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage ( SAH ), enoxaparin, thromboprophylactic efficacy, hemostatic variables, activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis, Blood samples, 42, acute aneurysmal SAH, variables of coagulation and fibrinolysis, D - dimer levels, early coagulation activity, thrombin generation, PAI-1 activity, severity of SAH, coagulation activity and D - dimer	22573_task2	Sentence: D-dimer predicts outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage : no effect of thromboprophylaxis on coagulation activity . OBJECTIVE Approximately one-third of all patients with acute nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage ( SAH ) experience complications owing to delayed ischemic deficit . We reported recently that enoxaparin 40 mg once daily for 10 days seems safe and demonstrates thromboprophylactic efficacy , but it failed to improve outcome in a randomized SAH trial . In the present study , we assessed hemostatic variables associated with clinical status and outcome of SAH . We also monitored the effect of enoxaparin on activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis after closure of the ruptured aneurysm . METHODS Blood samples to measure activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis were collected from 42 patients participating in the enoxaparin trial for acute aneurysmal SAH at four time points : 1 ) at hospital admission ; 2 ) 12 to 24 hours after aneurysm surgery but before initiation of enoxaparin therapy ; 3 ) 3 hours after the first dose ; and 4 ) at the conclusion of treatment . RESULTS At admission , several variables of coagulation and fibrinolysis were elevated and correlated well with clinical status . Specifically , D-dimer levels at all four time points correlated with patients ' long-term outcomes . A single dose of enoxaparin suppressed early coagulation activity , but thrombin generation was not inhibited during thromboprophylaxis . However , PAI-1 activity was suppressed . CONCLUSION D-dimer offers a useful laboratory tool for assessing early and late clinical severity of SAH . A thromboprophylactic dose of enoxaparin inhibited PAI-1 activity but failed to down-regulate coagulation activity and D-dimer . These findings are compatible with the lack of efficacy of enoxaparin in reducing ischemic deficit after SAH . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	D-dimer predicts outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage : no effect of thromboprophylaxis on coagulation activity . OBJECTIVE Approximately one-third of all patients with acute nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage ( SAH ) experience complications owing to delayed ischemic deficit . We reported recently that enoxaparin 40 mg once daily for 10 days seems safe and demonstrates thromboprophylactic efficacy , but it failed to improve outcome in a randomized SAH trial . In the present study , we assessed hemostatic variables associated with clinical status and outcome of SAH . We also monitored the effect of enoxaparin on activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis after closure of the ruptured aneurysm . METHODS Blood samples to measure activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis were collected from 42 patients participating in the enoxaparin trial for acute aneurysmal SAH at four time points : 1 ) at hospital admission ; 2 ) 12 to 24 hours after aneurysm surgery but before initiation of enoxaparin therapy ; 3 ) 3 hours after the first dose ; and 4 ) at the conclusion of treatment . RESULTS At admission , several variables of coagulation and fibrinolysis were elevated and correlated well with clinical status . Specifically , D-dimer levels at all four time points correlated with patients ' long-term outcomes . A single dose of enoxaparin suppressed early coagulation activity , but thrombin generation was not inhibited during thromboprophylaxis . However , PAI-1 activity was suppressed . CONCLUSION D-dimer offers a useful laboratory tool for assessing early and late clinical severity of SAH . A thromboprophylactic dose of enoxaparin inhibited PAI-1 activity but failed to down-regulate coagulation activity and D-dimer . These findings are compatible with the lack of efficacy of enoxaparin in reducing ischemic deficit after SAH .	[ "D", "-", "dimer", "predicts", "outcome", "after", "aneurysmal", "subarachnoid", "hemorrhage", ":", "no", "effect", "of", "thromboprophylaxis", "on", "coagulation", "activity", ".", "OBJECTIVE", "Approximately", "one", "-", "third", "of", "all", "patients", "with", "acute", "nontraumatic", "subarachnoid", "hemorrhage", "(", "SAH", ")", "experience", "complications", "owing", "to", "delayed", "ischemic", "deficit", ".", "We", "reported", "recently", "that", "enoxaparin", "40", "mg", "once", "daily", "for", "10", "days", "seems", "safe", "and", "demonstrates", "thromboprophylactic", "efficacy", ",", "but", "it", "failed", "to", "improve", "outcome", "in", "a", "randomized", "SAH", "trial", ".", "In", "the", "present", "study", ",", "we", "assessed", "hemostatic", "variables", "associated", "with", "clinical", "status", "and", "outcome", "of", "SAH", ".", "We", "also", "monitored", "the", "effect", "of", "enoxaparin", "on", "activation", "of", "coagulation", "and", "fibrinolysis", "after", "closure", "of", "the", "ruptured", "aneurysm", ".", "METHODS", "Blood", "samples", "to", "measure", "activation", "of", "coagulation", "and", "fibrinolysis", "were", "collected", "from", "42", "patients", "participating", "in", "the", "enoxaparin", "trial", "for", "acute", "aneurysmal", "SAH", "at", "four", "time", "points", ":", "1", ")", "at", "hospital", "admission", ";", "2", ")", "12", "to", "24", "hours", "after", "aneurysm", "surgery", "but", "before", "initiation", "of", "enoxaparin", "therapy", ";", "3", ")", "3", "hours", "after", "the", "first", "dose", ";", "and", "4", ")", "at", "the", "conclusion", "of", "treatment", ".", "RESULTS", "At", "admission", ",", "several", "variables", "of", "coagulation", "and", "fibrinolysis", "were", "elevated", "and", "correlated", "well", "with", "clinical", "status", ".", "Specifically", ",", "D", "-", "dimer", "levels", "at", "all", "four", "time", "points", "correlated", "with", "patients", "'", "long", "-", "term", "outcomes", ".", "A", "single", "dose", "of", "enoxaparin", "suppressed", "early", "coagulation", "activity", ",", "but", "thrombin", "generation", "was", "not", "inhibited", "during", "thromboprophylaxis", ".", "However", ",", "PAI-1", "activity", "was", "suppressed", ".", "CONCLUSION", "D", "-", "dimer", "offers", "a", "useful", "laboratory", "tool", "for", "assessing", "early", "and", "late", "clinical", "severity", "of", "SAH", ".", "A", "thromboprophylactic", "dose", "of", "enoxaparin", "inhibited", "PAI-1", "activity", "but", "failed", "to", "down", "-", "regulate", "coagulation", "activity", "and", "D", "-", "dimer", ".", "These", "findings", "are", "compatible", "with", "the", "lack", "of", "efficacy", "of", "enoxaparin", "in", "reducing", "ischemic", "deficit", "after", "SAH", "." ]	[ "Participant_Condition", "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Sample-size" ]
Arg is a protein, F - actin is a protein, Arg is a protein, F - actin is a protein	1.0alpha7.train.190_task0	Sentence: Although the cooperativity of Arg binding to F-actin precluded an accurate determination of the dissociation constant of Arg for F-actin ( 19), the apparent Kd was 0.3 muM. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Although the cooperativity of Arg binding to F-actin precluded an accurate determination of the dissociation constant of Arg for F-actin ( 19), the apparent Kd was 0.3 muM.	[ "Although", "the", "cooperativity", "of", "Arg", "binding", "to", "F", "-", "actin", "precluded", "an", "accurate", "determination", "of", "the", "dissociation", "constant", "of", "Arg", "for", "F", "-", "actin", "(", "19", ")", ",", "the", "apparent", "Kd", "was", "0.3", "muM." ]	[ "protein", "protein-family" ]
Arg is a protein, F - actin is a protein, Arg is a protein, F - actin is a protein	1.0alpha7.train.190_task1	Sentence: Although the cooperativity of Arg binding to F-actin precluded an accurate determination of the dissociation constant of Arg for F-actin ( 19), the apparent Kd was 0.3 muM. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Arg, F - actin, Arg, F - actin Options: protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Although the cooperativity of Arg binding to F-actin precluded an accurate determination of the dissociation constant of Arg for F-actin ( 19), the apparent Kd was 0.3 muM.	[ "Although", "the", "cooperativity", "of", "Arg", "binding", "to", "F", "-", "actin", "precluded", "an", "accurate", "determination", "of", "the", "dissociation", "constant", "of", "Arg", "for", "F", "-", "actin", "(", "19", ")", ",", "the", "apparent", "Kd", "was", "0.3", "muM." ]	[ "protein", "protein-family" ]
Arg, F - actin, Arg, F - actin	1.0alpha7.train.190_task2	Sentence: Although the cooperativity of Arg binding to F-actin precluded an accurate determination of the dissociation constant of Arg for F-actin ( 19), the apparent Kd was 0.3 muM. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Although the cooperativity of Arg binding to F-actin precluded an accurate determination of the dissociation constant of Arg for F-actin ( 19), the apparent Kd was 0.3 muM.	[ "Although", "the", "cooperativity", "of", "Arg", "binding", "to", "F", "-", "actin", "precluded", "an", "accurate", "determination", "of", "the", "dissociation", "constant", "of", "Arg", "for", "F", "-", "actin", "(", "19", ")", ",", "the", "apparent", "Kd", "was", "0.3", "muM." ]	[ "protein", "protein-family" ]
Sportbereich is an umlsterm, Therapie is an umlsterm, Therapie is an umlsterm, Muskelverkuerzungen is an umlsterm, Schwunggymnastik is an umlsterm, Methoden is an umlsterm, Gymnastik is an umlsterm, Muskelgruppen is an umlsterm	DerOrthopaede.70260981.ger.abstr_task0	Sentence: Stretching als statische Dehntechnik fand in den letzten 15 Jahren im Fitness- und Sportbereich eine weite Verbreitung . In der Krankengymnastik und manuellen Therapie hatte sich diese Dehntechnik bereits lange als wirksame therapeutische Massnahme bewaehrt . Beim Vorliegen einer muskulaeren Dysbalance mit dadurch bedingten funktionellen Stoerungen am muskuloskelettalen System wurde das statische Dehnen zusammen mit Kraeftigungsgymnastik zur Therapie der Wahl . Die Laengentestung der Muskulatur ist dabei die klinische Untersuchung zur Erfassung von Muskelverkuerzungen . Die Grundlagen dazu werden beschrieben . Die verschiedenen Formen der Muskeldehntechniken werden dargestellt : dynamisches Dehnen ( Schwunggymnastik ) , statisches Dehnen ( Stretching ) , unterteilt in passive statische Dehnuebungen und die neuromuskulaeren Dehnuebungen . Die neurophysiologischen Hintergruende werden diskutiert , ebenso der Stellenwert der einzelnen Methoden in der funktionellen Gymnastik . Praktische Beispiele fuer die wichtigsten Muskelgruppen sind dargestellt . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O" ]	Stretching als statische Dehntechnik fand in den letzten 15 Jahren im Fitness- und Sportbereich eine weite Verbreitung . In der Krankengymnastik und manuellen Therapie hatte sich diese Dehntechnik bereits lange als wirksame therapeutische Massnahme bewaehrt . Beim Vorliegen einer muskulaeren Dysbalance mit dadurch bedingten funktionellen Stoerungen am muskuloskelettalen System wurde das statische Dehnen zusammen mit Kraeftigungsgymnastik zur Therapie der Wahl . Die Laengentestung der Muskulatur ist dabei die klinische Untersuchung zur Erfassung von Muskelverkuerzungen . Die Grundlagen dazu werden beschrieben . Die verschiedenen Formen der Muskeldehntechniken werden dargestellt : dynamisches Dehnen ( Schwunggymnastik ) , statisches Dehnen ( Stretching ) , unterteilt in passive statische Dehnuebungen und die neuromuskulaeren Dehnuebungen . Die neurophysiologischen Hintergruende werden diskutiert , ebenso der Stellenwert der einzelnen Methoden in der funktionellen Gymnastik . Praktische Beispiele fuer die wichtigsten Muskelgruppen sind dargestellt .	[ "Stretching", "als", "statische", "Dehntechnik", "fand", "in", "den", "letzten", "15", "Jahren", "im", "Fitness-", "und", "Sportbereich", "eine", "weite", "Verbreitung", ".", "In", "der", "Krankengymnastik", "und", "manuellen", "Therapie", "hatte", "sich", "diese", "Dehntechnik", "bereits", "lange", "als", "wirksame", "therapeutische", "Massnahme", "bewaehrt", ".", "Beim", "Vorliegen", "einer", "muskulaeren", "Dysbalance", "mit", "dadurch", "bedingten", "funktionellen", "Stoerungen", "am", "muskuloskelettalen", "System", "wurde", "das", "statische", "Dehnen", "zusammen", "mit", "Kraeftigungsgymnastik", "zur", "Therapie", "der", "Wahl", ".", "Die", "Laengentestung", "der", "Muskulatur", "ist", "dabei", "die", "klinische", "Untersuchung", "zur", "Erfassung", "von", "Muskelverkuerzungen", ".", "Die", "Grundlagen", "dazu", "werden", "beschrieben", ".", "Die", "verschiedenen", "Formen", "der", "Muskeldehntechniken", "werden", "dargestellt", ":", "dynamisches", "Dehnen", "(", "Schwunggymnastik", ")", ",", "statisches", "Dehnen", "(", "Stretching", ")", ",", "unterteilt", "in", "passive", "statische", "Dehnuebungen", "und", "die", "neuromuskulaeren", "Dehnuebungen", ".", "Die", "neurophysiologischen", "Hintergruende", "werden", "diskutiert", ",", "ebenso", "der", "Stellenwert", "der", "einzelnen", "Methoden", "in", "der", "funktionellen", "Gymnastik", ".", "Praktische", "Beispiele", "fuer", "die", "wichtigsten", "Muskelgruppen", "sind", "dargestellt", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Sportbereich is an umlsterm, Therapie is an umlsterm, Therapie is an umlsterm, Muskelverkuerzungen is an umlsterm, Schwunggymnastik is an umlsterm, Methoden is an umlsterm, Gymnastik is an umlsterm, Muskelgruppen is an umlsterm	DerOrthopaede.70260981.ger.abstr_task1	Sentence: Stretching als statische Dehntechnik fand in den letzten 15 Jahren im Fitness- und Sportbereich eine weite Verbreitung . In der Krankengymnastik und manuellen Therapie hatte sich diese Dehntechnik bereits lange als wirksame therapeutische Massnahme bewaehrt . Beim Vorliegen einer muskulaeren Dysbalance mit dadurch bedingten funktionellen Stoerungen am muskuloskelettalen System wurde das statische Dehnen zusammen mit Kraeftigungsgymnastik zur Therapie der Wahl . Die Laengentestung der Muskulatur ist dabei die klinische Untersuchung zur Erfassung von Muskelverkuerzungen . Die Grundlagen dazu werden beschrieben . Die verschiedenen Formen der Muskeldehntechniken werden dargestellt : dynamisches Dehnen ( Schwunggymnastik ) , statisches Dehnen ( Stretching ) , unterteilt in passive statische Dehnuebungen und die neuromuskulaeren Dehnuebungen . Die neurophysiologischen Hintergruende werden diskutiert , ebenso der Stellenwert der einzelnen Methoden in der funktionellen Gymnastik . Praktische Beispiele fuer die wichtigsten Muskelgruppen sind dargestellt . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Sportbereich, Therapie, Therapie, Muskelverkuerzungen, Schwunggymnastik, Methoden, Gymnastik, Muskelgruppen Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O" ]	Stretching als statische Dehntechnik fand in den letzten 15 Jahren im Fitness- und Sportbereich eine weite Verbreitung . In der Krankengymnastik und manuellen Therapie hatte sich diese Dehntechnik bereits lange als wirksame therapeutische Massnahme bewaehrt . Beim Vorliegen einer muskulaeren Dysbalance mit dadurch bedingten funktionellen Stoerungen am muskuloskelettalen System wurde das statische Dehnen zusammen mit Kraeftigungsgymnastik zur Therapie der Wahl . Die Laengentestung der Muskulatur ist dabei die klinische Untersuchung zur Erfassung von Muskelverkuerzungen . Die Grundlagen dazu werden beschrieben . Die verschiedenen Formen der Muskeldehntechniken werden dargestellt : dynamisches Dehnen ( Schwunggymnastik ) , statisches Dehnen ( Stretching ) , unterteilt in passive statische Dehnuebungen und die neuromuskulaeren Dehnuebungen . Die neurophysiologischen Hintergruende werden diskutiert , ebenso der Stellenwert der einzelnen Methoden in der funktionellen Gymnastik . Praktische Beispiele fuer die wichtigsten Muskelgruppen sind dargestellt .	[ "Stretching", "als", "statische", "Dehntechnik", "fand", "in", "den", "letzten", "15", "Jahren", "im", "Fitness-", "und", "Sportbereich", "eine", "weite", "Verbreitung", ".", "In", "der", "Krankengymnastik", "und", "manuellen", "Therapie", "hatte", "sich", "diese", "Dehntechnik", "bereits", "lange", "als", "wirksame", "therapeutische", "Massnahme", "bewaehrt", ".", "Beim", "Vorliegen", "einer", "muskulaeren", "Dysbalance", "mit", "dadurch", "bedingten", "funktionellen", "Stoerungen", "am", "muskuloskelettalen", "System", "wurde", "das", "statische", "Dehnen", "zusammen", "mit", "Kraeftigungsgymnastik", "zur", "Therapie", "der", "Wahl", ".", "Die", "Laengentestung", "der", "Muskulatur", "ist", "dabei", "die", "klinische", "Untersuchung", "zur", "Erfassung", "von", "Muskelverkuerzungen", ".", "Die", "Grundlagen", "dazu", "werden", "beschrieben", ".", "Die", "verschiedenen", "Formen", "der", "Muskeldehntechniken", "werden", "dargestellt", ":", "dynamisches", "Dehnen", "(", "Schwunggymnastik", ")", ",", "statisches", "Dehnen", "(", "Stretching", ")", ",", "unterteilt", "in", "passive", "statische", "Dehnuebungen", "und", "die", "neuromuskulaeren", "Dehnuebungen", ".", "Die", "neurophysiologischen", "Hintergruende", "werden", "diskutiert", ",", "ebenso", "der", "Stellenwert", "der", "einzelnen", "Methoden", "in", "der", "funktionellen", "Gymnastik", ".", "Praktische", "Beispiele", "fuer", "die", "wichtigsten", "Muskelgruppen", "sind", "dargestellt", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Sportbereich, Therapie, Therapie, Muskelverkuerzungen, Schwunggymnastik, Methoden, Gymnastik, Muskelgruppen	DerOrthopaede.70260981.ger.abstr_task2	Sentence: Stretching als statische Dehntechnik fand in den letzten 15 Jahren im Fitness- und Sportbereich eine weite Verbreitung . In der Krankengymnastik und manuellen Therapie hatte sich diese Dehntechnik bereits lange als wirksame therapeutische Massnahme bewaehrt . Beim Vorliegen einer muskulaeren Dysbalance mit dadurch bedingten funktionellen Stoerungen am muskuloskelettalen System wurde das statische Dehnen zusammen mit Kraeftigungsgymnastik zur Therapie der Wahl . Die Laengentestung der Muskulatur ist dabei die klinische Untersuchung zur Erfassung von Muskelverkuerzungen . Die Grundlagen dazu werden beschrieben . Die verschiedenen Formen der Muskeldehntechniken werden dargestellt : dynamisches Dehnen ( Schwunggymnastik ) , statisches Dehnen ( Stretching ) , unterteilt in passive statische Dehnuebungen und die neuromuskulaeren Dehnuebungen . Die neurophysiologischen Hintergruende werden diskutiert , ebenso der Stellenwert der einzelnen Methoden in der funktionellen Gymnastik . Praktische Beispiele fuer die wichtigsten Muskelgruppen sind dargestellt . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O" ]	Stretching als statische Dehntechnik fand in den letzten 15 Jahren im Fitness- und Sportbereich eine weite Verbreitung . In der Krankengymnastik und manuellen Therapie hatte sich diese Dehntechnik bereits lange als wirksame therapeutische Massnahme bewaehrt . Beim Vorliegen einer muskulaeren Dysbalance mit dadurch bedingten funktionellen Stoerungen am muskuloskelettalen System wurde das statische Dehnen zusammen mit Kraeftigungsgymnastik zur Therapie der Wahl . Die Laengentestung der Muskulatur ist dabei die klinische Untersuchung zur Erfassung von Muskelverkuerzungen . Die Grundlagen dazu werden beschrieben . Die verschiedenen Formen der Muskeldehntechniken werden dargestellt : dynamisches Dehnen ( Schwunggymnastik ) , statisches Dehnen ( Stretching ) , unterteilt in passive statische Dehnuebungen und die neuromuskulaeren Dehnuebungen . Die neurophysiologischen Hintergruende werden diskutiert , ebenso der Stellenwert der einzelnen Methoden in der funktionellen Gymnastik . Praktische Beispiele fuer die wichtigsten Muskelgruppen sind dargestellt .	[ "Stretching", "als", "statische", "Dehntechnik", "fand", "in", "den", "letzten", "15", "Jahren", "im", "Fitness-", "und", "Sportbereich", "eine", "weite", "Verbreitung", ".", "In", "der", "Krankengymnastik", "und", "manuellen", "Therapie", "hatte", "sich", "diese", "Dehntechnik", "bereits", "lange", "als", "wirksame", "therapeutische", "Massnahme", "bewaehrt", ".", "Beim", "Vorliegen", "einer", "muskulaeren", "Dysbalance", "mit", "dadurch", "bedingten", "funktionellen", "Stoerungen", "am", "muskuloskelettalen", "System", "wurde", "das", "statische", "Dehnen", "zusammen", "mit", "Kraeftigungsgymnastik", "zur", "Therapie", "der", "Wahl", ".", "Die", "Laengentestung", "der", "Muskulatur", "ist", "dabei", "die", "klinische", "Untersuchung", "zur", "Erfassung", "von", "Muskelverkuerzungen", ".", "Die", "Grundlagen", "dazu", "werden", "beschrieben", ".", "Die", "verschiedenen", "Formen", "der", "Muskeldehntechniken", "werden", "dargestellt", ":", "dynamisches", "Dehnen", "(", "Schwunggymnastik", ")", ",", "statisches", "Dehnen", "(", "Stretching", ")", ",", "unterteilt", "in", "passive", "statische", "Dehnuebungen", "und", "die", "neuromuskulaeren", "Dehnuebungen", ".", "Die", "neurophysiologischen", "Hintergruende", "werden", "diskutiert", ",", "ebenso", "der", "Stellenwert", "der", "einzelnen", "Methoden", "in", "der", "funktionellen", "Gymnastik", ".", "Praktische", "Beispiele", "fuer", "die", "wichtigsten", "Muskelgruppen", "sind", "dargestellt", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
allyl is a CHEMICAL, thiol is a CHEMICAL	4401_task0	Sentence: Bioinspired Water-Enhanced Mechanical Gradient Nanocomposite Films That Mimic the Architecture and Properties of the Squid Beak. Inspired by the water-enhanced mechanical gradient character of the squid beak, we herein report a nanocomposite that mimics both the architecture and properties of this interesting natural material. Similar to the squid beak, we have developed nanocomposites where the degree of cross-linking is controlled along the length of the film. In this study, we utilized tunicate cellulose nanocrystals as the nanofiller that are functionalized with allyl moieties. Using photoinduced thiol-ene chemistry, we have been able to cross-link the CNC nanofiller. In the dry state where strong CNC interactions can occur, only a small mechanical contrast is observed between the cross-linked and uncross-linked samples. However, when the films are exposed to water, which "switches off" the noncovalent CNC interactions, a significant mechanical contrast is observed between the same films. For example, at 20 wt % CNC (in the dry film), an increase in wet modulus from 60 to 300 MPa (∼500% increase) is observed after photoirradiation. Furthermore, we show that the wet modulus can be controlled by altering the UV exposure time which allows access to mechanical gradient films. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: CHEMICAL	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Bioinspired Water-Enhanced Mechanical Gradient Nanocomposite Films That Mimic the Architecture and Properties of the Squid Beak. Inspired by the water-enhanced mechanical gradient character of the squid beak, we herein report a nanocomposite that mimics both the architecture and properties of this interesting natural material. Similar to the squid beak, we have developed nanocomposites where the degree of cross-linking is controlled along the length of the film. In this study, we utilized tunicate cellulose nanocrystals as the nanofiller that are functionalized with allyl moieties. Using photoinduced thiol-ene chemistry, we have been able to cross-link the CNC nanofiller. In the dry state where strong CNC interactions can occur, only a small mechanical contrast is observed between the cross-linked and uncross-linked samples. However, when the films are exposed to water, which "switches off" the noncovalent CNC interactions, a significant mechanical contrast is observed between the same films. For example, at 20 wt % CNC (in the dry film), an increase in wet modulus from 60 to 300 MPa (∼500% increase) is observed after photoirradiation. Furthermore, we show that the wet modulus can be controlled by altering the UV exposure time which allows access to mechanical gradient films.	[ "Bioinspired", "Water", "-", "Enhanced", "Mechanical", "Gradient", "Nanocomposite", "Films", "That", "Mimic", "the", "Architecture", "and", "Properties", "of", "the", "Squid", "Beak", ".", "\n", "Inspired", "by", "the", "water", "-", "enhanced", "mechanical", "gradient", "character", "of", "the", "squid", "beak", ",", "we", "herein", "report", "a", "nanocomposite", "that", "mimics", "both", "the", "architecture", "and", "properties", "of", "this", "interesting", "natural", "material", ".", "Similar", "to", "the", "squid", "beak", ",", "we", "have", "developed", "nanocomposites", "where", "the", "degree", "of", "cross", "-", "linking", "is", "controlled", "along", "the", "length", "of", "the", "film", ".", "In", "this", "study", ",", "we", "utilized", "tunicate", "cellulose", "nanocrystals", "as", "the", "nanofiller", "that", "are", "functionalized", "with", "allyl", "moieties", ".", "Using", "photoinduced", "thiol", "-", "ene", "chemistry", ",", "we", "have", "been", "able", "to", "cross", "-", "link", "the", "CNC", "nanofiller", ".", "In", "the", "dry", "state", "where", "strong", "CNC", "interactions", "can", "occur", ",", "only", "a", "small", "mechanical", "contrast", "is", "observed", "between", "the", "cross", "-", "linked", "and", "uncross", "-", "linked", "samples", ".", "However", ",", "when", "the", "films", "are", "exposed", "to", "water", ",", "which", "\"", "switches", "off", "\"", "the", "noncovalent", "CNC", "interactions", ",", "a", "significant", "mechanical", "contrast", "is", "observed", "between", "the", "same", "films", ".", "For", "example", ",", "at", "20", "wt", "%", "CNC", "(", "in", "the", "dry", "film", ")", ",", "an", "increase", "in", "wet", "modulus", "from", "60", "to", "300", "MPa", "(", "∼500", "%", "increase", ")", "is", "observed", "after", "photoirradiation", ".", "Furthermore", ",", "we", "show", "that", "the", "wet", "modulus", "can", "be", "controlled", "by", "altering", "the", "UV", "exposure", "time", "which", "allows", "access", "to", "mechanical", "gradient", "films", "." ]	[ "CHEMICAL" ]
allyl is a CHEMICAL, thiol is a CHEMICAL	4401_task1	Sentence: Bioinspired Water-Enhanced Mechanical Gradient Nanocomposite Films That Mimic the Architecture and Properties of the Squid Beak. Inspired by the water-enhanced mechanical gradient character of the squid beak, we herein report a nanocomposite that mimics both the architecture and properties of this interesting natural material. Similar to the squid beak, we have developed nanocomposites where the degree of cross-linking is controlled along the length of the film. In this study, we utilized tunicate cellulose nanocrystals as the nanofiller that are functionalized with allyl moieties. Using photoinduced thiol-ene chemistry, we have been able to cross-link the CNC nanofiller. In the dry state where strong CNC interactions can occur, only a small mechanical contrast is observed between the cross-linked and uncross-linked samples. However, when the films are exposed to water, which "switches off" the noncovalent CNC interactions, a significant mechanical contrast is observed between the same films. For example, at 20 wt % CNC (in the dry film), an increase in wet modulus from 60 to 300 MPa (∼500% increase) is observed after photoirradiation. Furthermore, we show that the wet modulus can be controlled by altering the UV exposure time which allows access to mechanical gradient films. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: allyl, thiol Options: CHEMICAL	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Bioinspired Water-Enhanced Mechanical Gradient Nanocomposite Films That Mimic the Architecture and Properties of the Squid Beak. Inspired by the water-enhanced mechanical gradient character of the squid beak, we herein report a nanocomposite that mimics both the architecture and properties of this interesting natural material. Similar to the squid beak, we have developed nanocomposites where the degree of cross-linking is controlled along the length of the film. In this study, we utilized tunicate cellulose nanocrystals as the nanofiller that are functionalized with allyl moieties. Using photoinduced thiol-ene chemistry, we have been able to cross-link the CNC nanofiller. In the dry state where strong CNC interactions can occur, only a small mechanical contrast is observed between the cross-linked and uncross-linked samples. However, when the films are exposed to water, which "switches off" the noncovalent CNC interactions, a significant mechanical contrast is observed between the same films. For example, at 20 wt % CNC (in the dry film), an increase in wet modulus from 60 to 300 MPa (∼500% increase) is observed after photoirradiation. Furthermore, we show that the wet modulus can be controlled by altering the UV exposure time which allows access to mechanical gradient films.	[ "Bioinspired", "Water", "-", "Enhanced", "Mechanical", "Gradient", "Nanocomposite", "Films", "That", "Mimic", "the", "Architecture", "and", "Properties", "of", "the", "Squid", "Beak", ".", "\n", "Inspired", "by", "the", "water", "-", "enhanced", "mechanical", "gradient", "character", "of", "the", "squid", "beak", ",", "we", "herein", "report", "a", "nanocomposite", "that", "mimics", "both", "the", "architecture", "and", "properties", "of", "this", "interesting", "natural", "material", ".", "Similar", "to", "the", "squid", "beak", ",", "we", "have", "developed", "nanocomposites", "where", "the", "degree", "of", "cross", "-", "linking", "is", "controlled", "along", "the", "length", "of", "the", "film", ".", "In", "this", "study", ",", "we", "utilized", "tunicate", "cellulose", "nanocrystals", "as", "the", "nanofiller", "that", "are", "functionalized", "with", "allyl", "moieties", ".", "Using", "photoinduced", "thiol", "-", "ene", "chemistry", ",", "we", "have", "been", "able", "to", "cross", "-", "link", "the", "CNC", "nanofiller", ".", "In", "the", "dry", "state", "where", "strong", "CNC", "interactions", "can", "occur", ",", "only", "a", "small", "mechanical", "contrast", "is", "observed", "between", "the", "cross", "-", "linked", "and", "uncross", "-", "linked", "samples", ".", "However", ",", "when", "the", "films", "are", "exposed", "to", "water", ",", "which", "\"", "switches", "off", "\"", "the", "noncovalent", "CNC", "interactions", ",", "a", "significant", "mechanical", "contrast", "is", "observed", "between", "the", "same", "films", ".", "For", "example", ",", "at", "20", "wt", "%", "CNC", "(", "in", "the", "dry", "film", ")", ",", "an", "increase", "in", "wet", "modulus", "from", "60", "to", "300", "MPa", "(", "∼500", "%", "increase", ")", "is", "observed", "after", "photoirradiation", ".", "Furthermore", ",", "we", "show", "that", "the", "wet", "modulus", "can", "be", "controlled", "by", "altering", "the", "UV", "exposure", "time", "which", "allows", "access", "to", "mechanical", "gradient", "films", "." ]	[ "CHEMICAL" ]
allyl, thiol	4401_task2	Sentence: Bioinspired Water-Enhanced Mechanical Gradient Nanocomposite Films That Mimic the Architecture and Properties of the Squid Beak. Inspired by the water-enhanced mechanical gradient character of the squid beak, we herein report a nanocomposite that mimics both the architecture and properties of this interesting natural material. Similar to the squid beak, we have developed nanocomposites where the degree of cross-linking is controlled along the length of the film. In this study, we utilized tunicate cellulose nanocrystals as the nanofiller that are functionalized with allyl moieties. Using photoinduced thiol-ene chemistry, we have been able to cross-link the CNC nanofiller. In the dry state where strong CNC interactions can occur, only a small mechanical contrast is observed between the cross-linked and uncross-linked samples. However, when the films are exposed to water, which "switches off" the noncovalent CNC interactions, a significant mechanical contrast is observed between the same films. For example, at 20 wt % CNC (in the dry film), an increase in wet modulus from 60 to 300 MPa (∼500% increase) is observed after photoirradiation. Furthermore, we show that the wet modulus can be controlled by altering the UV exposure time which allows access to mechanical gradient films. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Bioinspired Water-Enhanced Mechanical Gradient Nanocomposite Films That Mimic the Architecture and Properties of the Squid Beak. Inspired by the water-enhanced mechanical gradient character of the squid beak, we herein report a nanocomposite that mimics both the architecture and properties of this interesting natural material. Similar to the squid beak, we have developed nanocomposites where the degree of cross-linking is controlled along the length of the film. In this study, we utilized tunicate cellulose nanocrystals as the nanofiller that are functionalized with allyl moieties. Using photoinduced thiol-ene chemistry, we have been able to cross-link the CNC nanofiller. In the dry state where strong CNC interactions can occur, only a small mechanical contrast is observed between the cross-linked and uncross-linked samples. However, when the films are exposed to water, which "switches off" the noncovalent CNC interactions, a significant mechanical contrast is observed between the same films. For example, at 20 wt % CNC (in the dry film), an increase in wet modulus from 60 to 300 MPa (∼500% increase) is observed after photoirradiation. Furthermore, we show that the wet modulus can be controlled by altering the UV exposure time which allows access to mechanical gradient films.	[ "Bioinspired", "Water", "-", "Enhanced", "Mechanical", "Gradient", "Nanocomposite", "Films", "That", "Mimic", "the", "Architecture", "and", "Properties", "of", "the", "Squid", "Beak", ".", "\n", "Inspired", "by", "the", "water", "-", "enhanced", "mechanical", "gradient", "character", "of", "the", "squid", "beak", ",", "we", "herein", "report", "a", "nanocomposite", "that", "mimics", "both", "the", "architecture", "and", "properties", "of", "this", "interesting", "natural", "material", ".", "Similar", "to", "the", "squid", "beak", ",", "we", "have", "developed", "nanocomposites", "where", "the", "degree", "of", "cross", "-", "linking", "is", "controlled", "along", "the", "length", "of", "the", "film", ".", "In", "this", "study", ",", "we", "utilized", "tunicate", "cellulose", "nanocrystals", "as", "the", "nanofiller", "that", "are", "functionalized", "with", "allyl", "moieties", ".", "Using", "photoinduced", "thiol", "-", "ene", "chemistry", ",", "we", "have", "been", "able", "to", "cross", "-", "link", "the", "CNC", "nanofiller", ".", "In", "the", "dry", "state", "where", "strong", "CNC", "interactions", "can", "occur", ",", "only", "a", "small", "mechanical", "contrast", "is", "observed", "between", "the", "cross", "-", "linked", "and", "uncross", "-", "linked", "samples", ".", "However", ",", "when", "the", "films", "are", "exposed", "to", "water", ",", "which", "\"", "switches", "off", "\"", "the", "noncovalent", "CNC", "interactions", ",", "a", "significant", "mechanical", "contrast", "is", "observed", "between", "the", "same", "films", ".", "For", "example", ",", "at", "20", "wt", "%", "CNC", "(", "in", "the", "dry", "film", ")", ",", "an", "increase", "in", "wet", "modulus", "from", "60", "to", "300", "MPa", "(", "∼500", "%", "increase", ")", "is", "observed", "after", "photoirradiation", ".", "Furthermore", ",", "we", "show", "that", "the", "wet", "modulus", "can", "be", "controlled", "by", "altering", "the", "UV", "exposure", "time", "which", "allows", "access", "to", "mechanical", "gradient", "films", "." ]	[ "CHEMICAL" ]
melasma is a Participant_Condition, Chemical peels is a Intervention_Pharmacological, topical depigmenting agents is a Intervention_Pharmacological, clinical efficacy is a Outcome_Other, trichloroacetic acid peel 20 % vs is a Intervention_Pharmacological, Jessner ' s solution peel vs . the topical mixture of hydroquinone 2 % and kojic acid is a Intervention_Pharmacological, Forty five is a Participant_Sample-size, topical hydroquinone 2 % and kojic acid is a Intervention_Pharmacological, Melasma Area and Severity Index ( MASI ) score and photography is a Outcome_Physical, MASI score is a Outcome_Physical, Trichloroacetic acid 20 % is a Intervention_Pharmacological, hydroquinone 2 % with kojic acid is a Intervention_Pharmacological	43071_task0	Sentence: Different therapeutic modalities for treatment of melasma . BACKGROUND Chemical peels and topical depigmenting agents have become a popular modality in the treatment of melasma . AIMS To compare the clinical efficacy of trichloroacetic acid peel 20 % vs . Jessner 's solution peel vs. the topical mixture of hydroquinone 2 % and kojic acid . PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty five patients with melasma were randomly assigned into three groups of fifteen patients each . Group A received Jessner 's solution peel , group B received trichloroacetic acid peel 20 % , and group C received topical hydroquinone 2 % and kojic acid . All patients were seen in follow-up period after 16 weeks ; clinical evaluation using Melasma Area and Severity Index ( MASI ) score and photography were recorded before and after treatment and after 16 weeks . RESULTS There was a decrease in MASI score in all three groups after treatment and after follow-up period but after treatment MASI score was statistically significantly lower in group A than group C ( P = 0.01 ) , and it was also statistically significantly lower in group B than group C ( P < 0.001 ) but there was no statistically significant difference between groups A and B . After the follow-up period , MASI score was statistically significantly lower in group A than group C ( P < 0.001 ) , statistically significantly lower in group B than group C ( P < 0.001 ) , and statistically significantly lower in group B than group A ( P = 0.035 ) . The statistical analysis was done through one-way anova followed by least significant difference ( LSD ) . CONCLUSION Trichloroacetic acid 20 % showed better results than Jessner 's solution as peeling agent and hydroquinone 2 % with kojic acid as a topical agent in the treatment of melasma . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size, Outcome_Other	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Different therapeutic modalities for treatment of melasma . BACKGROUND Chemical peels and topical depigmenting agents have become a popular modality in the treatment of melasma . AIMS To compare the clinical efficacy of trichloroacetic acid peel 20 % vs . Jessner 's solution peel vs. the topical mixture of hydroquinone 2 % and kojic acid . PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty five patients with melasma were randomly assigned into three groups of fifteen patients each . Group A received Jessner 's solution peel , group B received trichloroacetic acid peel 20 % , and group C received topical hydroquinone 2 % and kojic acid . All patients were seen in follow-up period after 16 weeks ; clinical evaluation using Melasma Area and Severity Index ( MASI ) score and photography were recorded before and after treatment and after 16 weeks . RESULTS There was a decrease in MASI score in all three groups after treatment and after follow-up period but after treatment MASI score was statistically significantly lower in group A than group C ( P = 0.01 ) , and it was also statistically significantly lower in group B than group C ( P < 0.001 ) but there was no statistically significant difference between groups A and B . After the follow-up period , MASI score was statistically significantly lower in group A than group C ( P < 0.001 ) , statistically significantly lower in group B than group C ( P < 0.001 ) , and statistically significantly lower in group B than group A ( P = 0.035 ) . The statistical analysis was done through one-way anova followed by least significant difference ( LSD ) . CONCLUSION Trichloroacetic acid 20 % showed better results than Jessner 's solution as peeling agent and hydroquinone 2 % with kojic acid as a topical agent in the treatment of melasma .	[ "Different", "therapeutic", "modalities", "for", "treatment", "of", "melasma", ".", "BACKGROUND", "Chemical", "peels", "and", "topical", "depigmenting", "agents", "have", "become", "a", "popular", "modality", "in", "the", "treatment", "of", "melasma", ".", "AIMS", "To", "compare", "the", "clinical", "efficacy", "of", "trichloroacetic", "acid", "peel", "20", "%", "vs", ".", "Jessner", "'", "s", "solution", "peel", "vs", ".", "the", "topical", "mixture", "of", "hydroquinone", "2", "%", "and", "kojic", "acid", ".", "PATIENTS", "AND", "METHODS", "Forty", "five", "patients", "with", "melasma", "were", "randomly", "assigned", "into", "three", "groups", "of", "fifteen", "patients", "each", ".", "Group", "A", "received", "Jessner", "'", "s", "solution", "peel", ",", "group", "B", "received", "trichloroacetic", "acid", "peel", "20", "%", ",", "and", "group", "C", "received", "topical", "hydroquinone", "2", "%", "and", "kojic", "acid", ".", "All", "patients", "were", "seen", "in", "follow", "-", "up", "period", "after", "16", "weeks", ";", "clinical", "evaluation", "using", "Melasma", "Area", "and", "Severity", "Index", "(", "MASI", ")", "score", "and", "photography", "were", "recorded", "before", "and", "after", "treatment", "and", "after", "16", "weeks", ".", "RESULTS", "There", "was", "a", "decrease", "in", "MASI", "score", "in", "all", "three", "groups", "after", "treatment", "and", "after", "follow", "-", "up", "period", "but", "after", "treatment", "MASI", "score", "was", "statistically", "significantly", "lower", "in", "group", "A", "than", "group", "C", "(", "P", "=", "0.01", ")", ",", "and", "it", "was", "also", "statistically", "significantly", "lower", "in", "group", "B", "than", "group", "C", "(", "P", "<", "0.001", ")", "but", "there", "was", "no", "statistically", "significant", "difference", "between", "groups", "A", "and", "B", ".", "After", "the", "follow", "-", "up", "period", ",", "MASI", "score", "was", "statistically", "significantly", "lower", "in", "group", "A", "than", "group", "C", "(", "P", "<", "0.001", ")", ",", "statistically", "significantly", "lower", "in", "group", "B", "than", "group", "C", "(", "P", "<", "0.001", ")", ",", "and", "statistically", "significantly", "lower", "in", "group", "B", "than", "group", "A", "(", "P", "=", "0.035", ")", ".", "The", "statistical", "analysis", "was", "done", "through", "one", "-", "way", "anova", "followed", "by", "least", "significant", "difference", "(", "LSD", ")", ".", "CONCLUSION", "Trichloroacetic", "acid", "20", "%", "showed", "better", "results", "than", "Jessner", "'", "s", "solution", "as", "peeling", "agent", "and", "hydroquinone", "2", "%", "with", "kojic", "acid", "as", "a", "topical", "agent", "in", "the", "treatment", "of", "melasma", "." ]	[ "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Other", "Participant_Sample-size", "Participant_Condition" ]
melasma is a Participant_Condition, Chemical peels is a Intervention_Pharmacological, topical depigmenting agents is a Intervention_Pharmacological, clinical efficacy is a Outcome_Other, trichloroacetic acid peel 20 % vs is a Intervention_Pharmacological, Jessner ' s solution peel vs . the topical mixture of hydroquinone 2 % and kojic acid is a Intervention_Pharmacological, Forty five is a Participant_Sample-size, topical hydroquinone 2 % and kojic acid is a Intervention_Pharmacological, Melasma Area and Severity Index ( MASI ) score and photography is a Outcome_Physical, MASI score is a Outcome_Physical, Trichloroacetic acid 20 % is a Intervention_Pharmacological, hydroquinone 2 % with kojic acid is a Intervention_Pharmacological	43071_task1	Sentence: Different therapeutic modalities for treatment of melasma . BACKGROUND Chemical peels and topical depigmenting agents have become a popular modality in the treatment of melasma . AIMS To compare the clinical efficacy of trichloroacetic acid peel 20 % vs . Jessner 's solution peel vs. the topical mixture of hydroquinone 2 % and kojic acid . PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty five patients with melasma were randomly assigned into three groups of fifteen patients each . Group A received Jessner 's solution peel , group B received trichloroacetic acid peel 20 % , and group C received topical hydroquinone 2 % and kojic acid . All patients were seen in follow-up period after 16 weeks ; clinical evaluation using Melasma Area and Severity Index ( MASI ) score and photography were recorded before and after treatment and after 16 weeks . RESULTS There was a decrease in MASI score in all three groups after treatment and after follow-up period but after treatment MASI score was statistically significantly lower in group A than group C ( P = 0.01 ) , and it was also statistically significantly lower in group B than group C ( P < 0.001 ) but there was no statistically significant difference between groups A and B . After the follow-up period , MASI score was statistically significantly lower in group A than group C ( P < 0.001 ) , statistically significantly lower in group B than group C ( P < 0.001 ) , and statistically significantly lower in group B than group A ( P = 0.035 ) . The statistical analysis was done through one-way anova followed by least significant difference ( LSD ) . CONCLUSION Trichloroacetic acid 20 % showed better results than Jessner 's solution as peeling agent and hydroquinone 2 % with kojic acid as a topical agent in the treatment of melasma . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: melasma, Chemical peels, topical depigmenting agents, clinical efficacy, trichloroacetic acid peel 20 % vs, Jessner ' s solution peel vs . the topical mixture of hydroquinone 2 % and kojic acid, Forty five, topical hydroquinone 2 % and kojic acid, Melasma Area and Severity Index ( MASI ) score and photography, MASI score, Trichloroacetic acid 20 %, hydroquinone 2 % with kojic acid Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size, Outcome_Other	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Different therapeutic modalities for treatment of melasma . BACKGROUND Chemical peels and topical depigmenting agents have become a popular modality in the treatment of melasma . AIMS To compare the clinical efficacy of trichloroacetic acid peel 20 % vs . Jessner 's solution peel vs. the topical mixture of hydroquinone 2 % and kojic acid . PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty five patients with melasma were randomly assigned into three groups of fifteen patients each . Group A received Jessner 's solution peel , group B received trichloroacetic acid peel 20 % , and group C received topical hydroquinone 2 % and kojic acid . All patients were seen in follow-up period after 16 weeks ; clinical evaluation using Melasma Area and Severity Index ( MASI ) score and photography were recorded before and after treatment and after 16 weeks . RESULTS There was a decrease in MASI score in all three groups after treatment and after follow-up period but after treatment MASI score was statistically significantly lower in group A than group C ( P = 0.01 ) , and it was also statistically significantly lower in group B than group C ( P < 0.001 ) but there was no statistically significant difference between groups A and B . After the follow-up period , MASI score was statistically significantly lower in group A than group C ( P < 0.001 ) , statistically significantly lower in group B than group C ( P < 0.001 ) , and statistically significantly lower in group B than group A ( P = 0.035 ) . The statistical analysis was done through one-way anova followed by least significant difference ( LSD ) . CONCLUSION Trichloroacetic acid 20 % showed better results than Jessner 's solution as peeling agent and hydroquinone 2 % with kojic acid as a topical agent in the treatment of melasma .	[ "Different", "therapeutic", "modalities", "for", "treatment", "of", "melasma", ".", "BACKGROUND", "Chemical", "peels", "and", "topical", "depigmenting", "agents", "have", "become", "a", "popular", "modality", "in", "the", "treatment", "of", "melasma", ".", "AIMS", "To", "compare", "the", "clinical", "efficacy", "of", "trichloroacetic", "acid", "peel", "20", "%", "vs", ".", "Jessner", "'", "s", "solution", "peel", "vs", ".", "the", "topical", "mixture", "of", "hydroquinone", "2", "%", "and", "kojic", "acid", ".", "PATIENTS", "AND", "METHODS", "Forty", "five", "patients", "with", "melasma", "were", "randomly", "assigned", "into", "three", "groups", "of", "fifteen", "patients", "each", ".", "Group", "A", "received", "Jessner", "'", "s", "solution", "peel", ",", "group", "B", "received", "trichloroacetic", "acid", "peel", "20", "%", ",", "and", "group", "C", "received", "topical", "hydroquinone", "2", "%", "and", "kojic", "acid", ".", "All", "patients", "were", "seen", "in", "follow", "-", "up", "period", "after", "16", "weeks", ";", "clinical", "evaluation", "using", "Melasma", "Area", "and", "Severity", "Index", "(", "MASI", ")", "score", "and", "photography", "were", "recorded", "before", "and", "after", "treatment", "and", "after", "16", "weeks", ".", "RESULTS", "There", "was", "a", "decrease", "in", "MASI", "score", "in", "all", "three", "groups", "after", "treatment", "and", "after", "follow", "-", "up", "period", "but", "after", "treatment", "MASI", "score", "was", "statistically", "significantly", "lower", "in", "group", "A", "than", "group", "C", "(", "P", "=", "0.01", ")", ",", "and", "it", "was", "also", "statistically", "significantly", "lower", "in", "group", "B", "than", "group", "C", "(", "P", "<", "0.001", ")", "but", "there", "was", "no", "statistically", "significant", "difference", "between", "groups", "A", "and", "B", ".", "After", "the", "follow", "-", "up", "period", ",", "MASI", "score", "was", "statistically", "significantly", "lower", "in", "group", "A", "than", "group", "C", "(", "P", "<", "0.001", ")", ",", "statistically", "significantly", "lower", "in", "group", "B", "than", "group", "C", "(", "P", "<", "0.001", ")", ",", "and", "statistically", "significantly", "lower", "in", "group", "B", "than", "group", "A", "(", "P", "=", "0.035", ")", ".", "The", "statistical", "analysis", "was", "done", "through", "one", "-", "way", "anova", "followed", "by", "least", "significant", "difference", "(", "LSD", ")", ".", "CONCLUSION", "Trichloroacetic", "acid", "20", "%", "showed", "better", "results", "than", "Jessner", "'", "s", "solution", "as", "peeling", "agent", "and", "hydroquinone", "2", "%", "with", "kojic", "acid", "as", "a", "topical", "agent", "in", "the", "treatment", "of", "melasma", "." ]	[ "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Other", "Participant_Sample-size", "Participant_Condition" ]
melasma, Chemical peels, topical depigmenting agents, clinical efficacy, trichloroacetic acid peel 20 % vs, Jessner ' s solution peel vs . the topical mixture of hydroquinone 2 % and kojic acid, Forty five, topical hydroquinone 2 % and kojic acid, Melasma Area and Severity Index ( MASI ) score and photography, MASI score, Trichloroacetic acid 20 %, hydroquinone 2 % with kojic acid	43071_task2	Sentence: Different therapeutic modalities for treatment of melasma . BACKGROUND Chemical peels and topical depigmenting agents have become a popular modality in the treatment of melasma . AIMS To compare the clinical efficacy of trichloroacetic acid peel 20 % vs . Jessner 's solution peel vs. the topical mixture of hydroquinone 2 % and kojic acid . PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty five patients with melasma were randomly assigned into three groups of fifteen patients each . Group A received Jessner 's solution peel , group B received trichloroacetic acid peel 20 % , and group C received topical hydroquinone 2 % and kojic acid . All patients were seen in follow-up period after 16 weeks ; clinical evaluation using Melasma Area and Severity Index ( MASI ) score and photography were recorded before and after treatment and after 16 weeks . RESULTS There was a decrease in MASI score in all three groups after treatment and after follow-up period but after treatment MASI score was statistically significantly lower in group A than group C ( P = 0.01 ) , and it was also statistically significantly lower in group B than group C ( P < 0.001 ) but there was no statistically significant difference between groups A and B . After the follow-up period , MASI score was statistically significantly lower in group A than group C ( P < 0.001 ) , statistically significantly lower in group B than group C ( P < 0.001 ) , and statistically significantly lower in group B than group A ( P = 0.035 ) . The statistical analysis was done through one-way anova followed by least significant difference ( LSD ) . CONCLUSION Trichloroacetic acid 20 % showed better results than Jessner 's solution as peeling agent and hydroquinone 2 % with kojic acid as a topical agent in the treatment of melasma . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Different therapeutic modalities for treatment of melasma . BACKGROUND Chemical peels and topical depigmenting agents have become a popular modality in the treatment of melasma . AIMS To compare the clinical efficacy of trichloroacetic acid peel 20 % vs . Jessner 's solution peel vs. the topical mixture of hydroquinone 2 % and kojic acid . PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty five patients with melasma were randomly assigned into three groups of fifteen patients each . Group A received Jessner 's solution peel , group B received trichloroacetic acid peel 20 % , and group C received topical hydroquinone 2 % and kojic acid . All patients were seen in follow-up period after 16 weeks ; clinical evaluation using Melasma Area and Severity Index ( MASI ) score and photography were recorded before and after treatment and after 16 weeks . RESULTS There was a decrease in MASI score in all three groups after treatment and after follow-up period but after treatment MASI score was statistically significantly lower in group A than group C ( P = 0.01 ) , and it was also statistically significantly lower in group B than group C ( P < 0.001 ) but there was no statistically significant difference between groups A and B . After the follow-up period , MASI score was statistically significantly lower in group A than group C ( P < 0.001 ) , statistically significantly lower in group B than group C ( P < 0.001 ) , and statistically significantly lower in group B than group A ( P = 0.035 ) . The statistical analysis was done through one-way anova followed by least significant difference ( LSD ) . CONCLUSION Trichloroacetic acid 20 % showed better results than Jessner 's solution as peeling agent and hydroquinone 2 % with kojic acid as a topical agent in the treatment of melasma .	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carbamazepina is a NORMALIZABLES, hidantoína is a NORMALIZABLES, Topamax is a NORMALIZABLES, gadolinio is a NORMALIZABLES, Topamax is a NORMALIZABLES	199_task0	Sentence: Mujer de 16 años remitida a la consulta de oftalmología por un cuadro de dificultad visual, «como una parte del encerado que no veo, especialmente desde hace 3 semanas». Su madre refiere que «ha pasado de ser una niña activa a estar enlentecida, con dificultad para pensar, hablar y ahora ve mal». Desde los 7 años presenta crisis epilépticas de difícil control. Su tratamiento era carbamazepina, hidantoína y desde hacía 3 meses Topamax 125 mg al día. La última exploración oftalmológica realizada un año antes fue normal. En la exploración realizada la agudeza visual (AV) espontánea era de 1 en ambos ojos, con una biomicroscopía anterior normal. Las pupilas eran isocóricas y normorreactivas. El estudio fundoscópico no presenta alteraciones. En la campimetría computerizada se aprecia una hemianopsia homónima izquierda no congruente. El test de colores no presentaba alteraciones en ningún ojo. Una resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) cerebral con gadolinio fue normal así como una RMN por difusión. El resto de la exploración neurológica fue normal. Ante la sospecha de un fenómeno tóxico por Topamax se suspendió de forma progresiva, con mejoría subjetiva del paciente y recuperación parcial del campo visual. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: NORMALIZABLES	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-NORMALIZABLES", "O", "B-NORMALIZABLES", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-NORMALIZABLES", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-NORMALIZABLES", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-NORMALIZABLES", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Mujer de 16 años remitida a la consulta de oftalmología por un cuadro de dificultad visual, «como una parte del encerado que no veo, especialmente desde hace 3 semanas». Su madre refiere que «ha pasado de ser una niña activa a estar enlentecida, con dificultad para pensar, hablar y ahora ve mal». Desde los 7 años presenta crisis epilépticas de difícil control. Su tratamiento era carbamazepina, hidantoína y desde hacía 3 meses Topamax 125 mg al día. La última exploración oftalmológica realizada un año antes fue normal. En la exploración realizada la agudeza visual (AV) espontánea era de 1 en ambos ojos, con una biomicroscopía anterior normal. Las pupilas eran isocóricas y normorreactivas. El estudio fundoscópico no presenta alteraciones. En la campimetría computerizada se aprecia una hemianopsia homónima izquierda no congruente. El test de colores no presentaba alteraciones en ningún ojo. Una resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) cerebral con gadolinio fue normal así como una RMN por difusión. El resto de la exploración neurológica fue normal. Ante la sospecha de un fenómeno tóxico por Topamax se suspendió de forma progresiva, con mejoría subjetiva del paciente y recuperación parcial del campo visual.	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carbamazepina is a NORMALIZABLES, hidantoína is a NORMALIZABLES, Topamax is a NORMALIZABLES, gadolinio is a NORMALIZABLES, Topamax is a NORMALIZABLES	199_task1	Sentence: Mujer de 16 años remitida a la consulta de oftalmología por un cuadro de dificultad visual, «como una parte del encerado que no veo, especialmente desde hace 3 semanas». Su madre refiere que «ha pasado de ser una niña activa a estar enlentecida, con dificultad para pensar, hablar y ahora ve mal». Desde los 7 años presenta crisis epilépticas de difícil control. Su tratamiento era carbamazepina, hidantoína y desde hacía 3 meses Topamax 125 mg al día. La última exploración oftalmológica realizada un año antes fue normal. En la exploración realizada la agudeza visual (AV) espontánea era de 1 en ambos ojos, con una biomicroscopía anterior normal. Las pupilas eran isocóricas y normorreactivas. El estudio fundoscópico no presenta alteraciones. En la campimetría computerizada se aprecia una hemianopsia homónima izquierda no congruente. El test de colores no presentaba alteraciones en ningún ojo. Una resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) cerebral con gadolinio fue normal así como una RMN por difusión. El resto de la exploración neurológica fue normal. Ante la sospecha de un fenómeno tóxico por Topamax se suspendió de forma progresiva, con mejoría subjetiva del paciente y recuperación parcial del campo visual. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: carbamazepina, hidantoína, Topamax, gadolinio, Topamax Options: NORMALIZABLES	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-NORMALIZABLES", "O", "B-NORMALIZABLES", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-NORMALIZABLES", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-NORMALIZABLES", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-NORMALIZABLES", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Mujer de 16 años remitida a la consulta de oftalmología por un cuadro de dificultad visual, «como una parte del encerado que no veo, especialmente desde hace 3 semanas». Su madre refiere que «ha pasado de ser una niña activa a estar enlentecida, con dificultad para pensar, hablar y ahora ve mal». Desde los 7 años presenta crisis epilépticas de difícil control. Su tratamiento era carbamazepina, hidantoína y desde hacía 3 meses Topamax 125 mg al día. La última exploración oftalmológica realizada un año antes fue normal. En la exploración realizada la agudeza visual (AV) espontánea era de 1 en ambos ojos, con una biomicroscopía anterior normal. Las pupilas eran isocóricas y normorreactivas. El estudio fundoscópico no presenta alteraciones. En la campimetría computerizada se aprecia una hemianopsia homónima izquierda no congruente. El test de colores no presentaba alteraciones en ningún ojo. Una resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) cerebral con gadolinio fue normal así como una RMN por difusión. El resto de la exploración neurológica fue normal. Ante la sospecha de un fenómeno tóxico por Topamax se suspendió de forma progresiva, con mejoría subjetiva del paciente y recuperación parcial del campo visual.	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carbamazepina, hidantoína, Topamax, gadolinio, Topamax	199_task2	Sentence: Mujer de 16 años remitida a la consulta de oftalmología por un cuadro de dificultad visual, «como una parte del encerado que no veo, especialmente desde hace 3 semanas». Su madre refiere que «ha pasado de ser una niña activa a estar enlentecida, con dificultad para pensar, hablar y ahora ve mal». Desde los 7 años presenta crisis epilépticas de difícil control. Su tratamiento era carbamazepina, hidantoína y desde hacía 3 meses Topamax 125 mg al día. La última exploración oftalmológica realizada un año antes fue normal. En la exploración realizada la agudeza visual (AV) espontánea era de 1 en ambos ojos, con una biomicroscopía anterior normal. Las pupilas eran isocóricas y normorreactivas. El estudio fundoscópico no presenta alteraciones. En la campimetría computerizada se aprecia una hemianopsia homónima izquierda no congruente. El test de colores no presentaba alteraciones en ningún ojo. Una resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) cerebral con gadolinio fue normal así como una RMN por difusión. El resto de la exploración neurológica fue normal. Ante la sospecha de un fenómeno tóxico por Topamax se suspendió de forma progresiva, con mejoría subjetiva del paciente y recuperación parcial del campo visual. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-NORMALIZABLES", "O", "B-NORMALIZABLES", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-NORMALIZABLES", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-NORMALIZABLES", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-NORMALIZABLES", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Mujer de 16 años remitida a la consulta de oftalmología por un cuadro de dificultad visual, «como una parte del encerado que no veo, especialmente desde hace 3 semanas». Su madre refiere que «ha pasado de ser una niña activa a estar enlentecida, con dificultad para pensar, hablar y ahora ve mal». Desde los 7 años presenta crisis epilépticas de difícil control. Su tratamiento era carbamazepina, hidantoína y desde hacía 3 meses Topamax 125 mg al día. La última exploración oftalmológica realizada un año antes fue normal. En la exploración realizada la agudeza visual (AV) espontánea era de 1 en ambos ojos, con una biomicroscopía anterior normal. Las pupilas eran isocóricas y normorreactivas. El estudio fundoscópico no presenta alteraciones. En la campimetría computerizada se aprecia una hemianopsia homónima izquierda no congruente. El test de colores no presentaba alteraciones en ningún ojo. Una resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) cerebral con gadolinio fue normal así como una RMN por difusión. El resto de la exploración neurológica fue normal. Ante la sospecha de un fenómeno tóxico por Topamax se suspendió de forma progresiva, con mejoría subjetiva del paciente y recuperación parcial del campo visual.	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Tmem64 is a GENE-Y, calcium is a CHEMICAL, RANKL is a GENE-Y, receptor activator of NF - κB ligand is a GENE-Y, nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 is a GENE-Y, NFATc1 is a GENE-Y, calcium is a CHEMICAL, Ca(2 + ) is a CHEMICAL, transmembrane protein 64 is a GENE-Y, Tmem64 is a GENE-Y, Ca(2 + ) is a CHEMICAL, Ca(2 + ) is a CHEMICAL, Tmem64 is a GENE-Y, RANKL is a GENE-Y, Ca(2+)/calmodulin - dependent protein kinases ( CaMK ) IV is a GENE-Y, CREB is a GENE-N, Tmem64 is a GENE-Y, Ca(2 + ) is a CHEMICAL	24789_task0	Sentence: Tmem64 modulates calcium signaling during RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation. Osteoclast maturation and function primarily depend on receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-mediated induction of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1), which is further activated via increased intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) oscillation. However, the coordination mechanism that mediates Ca(2+) oscillation during osteoclastogenesis remains ill defined. Here, we identified transmembrane protein 64 (Tmem64) as a regulator of Ca(2+) oscillation during osteoclastogenesis. We found that Tmem64-deficient mice exhibit increased bone mass due in part to impaired osteoclast formation. Using in vitro osteoclast culture systems, we show here that Tmem64 interacts with sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase 2 (SERCA2) and modulates its activity. Consequently, Tmem64 deficiency significantly diminishes RANKL-induced [Ca(2+)](i) oscillation, which results in reduced Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMK) IV and mitochondrial ROS, both of which contribute to achieving the CREB activity necessary for osteoclast formation. These data demonstrate that Tmem64 is a positive modulator of osteoclast differentiation via SERCA2-dependent Ca(2+) signaling. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: GENE-N, GENE-Y, CHEMICAL	[ "B-GENE-Y", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O" ]	Tmem64 modulates calcium signaling during RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation. Osteoclast maturation and function primarily depend on receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-mediated induction of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1), which is further activated via increased intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) oscillation. However, the coordination mechanism that mediates Ca(2+) oscillation during osteoclastogenesis remains ill defined. Here, we identified transmembrane protein 64 (Tmem64) as a regulator of Ca(2+) oscillation during osteoclastogenesis. We found that Tmem64-deficient mice exhibit increased bone mass due in part to impaired osteoclast formation. Using in vitro osteoclast culture systems, we show here that Tmem64 interacts with sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase 2 (SERCA2) and modulates its activity. Consequently, Tmem64 deficiency significantly diminishes RANKL-induced [Ca(2+)](i) oscillation, which results in reduced Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMK) IV and mitochondrial ROS, both of which contribute to achieving the CREB activity necessary for osteoclast formation. These data demonstrate that Tmem64 is a positive modulator of osteoclast differentiation via SERCA2-dependent Ca(2+) signaling.	[ "Tmem64", "modulates", "calcium", "signaling", "during", "RANKL", "-", "mediated", "osteoclast", "differentiation", ".", "\n", "Osteoclast", "maturation", "and", "function", "primarily", "depend", "on", "receptor", "activator", "of", "NF", "-", "κB", "ligand", "(", "RANKL)-mediated", "induction", "of", "nuclear", "factor", "of", "activated", "T", " ", "cells", "c1", "(", "NFATc1", ")", ",", "which", "is", "further", "activated", "via", "increased", "intracellular", "calcium", "(", "[", "Ca(2+)](i", ")", ")", "oscillation", ".", "However", ",", "the", "coordination", "mechanism", "that", "mediates", "Ca(2", "+", ")", "oscillation", "during", "osteoclastogenesis", "remains", "ill", "defined", ".", "Here", ",", "we", "identified", "transmembrane", "protein", "64", "(", "Tmem64", ")", "as", "a", "regulator", "of", "Ca(2", "+", ")", "oscillation", "during", "osteoclastogenesis", ".", "We", "found", "that", "Tmem64-deficient", "mice", "exhibit", "increased", "bone", "mass", "due", "in", "part", "to", "impaired", "osteoclast", "formation", ".", "Using", "in", " ", "vitro", "osteoclast", "culture", "systems", ",", "we", "show", "here", "that", "Tmem64", "interacts", "with", "sarcoplasmic", "endoplasmic", "reticulum", "Ca(2", "+", ")", "ATPase", "2", "(", "SERCA2", ")", "and", "modulates", "its", "activity", ".", "Consequently", ",", "Tmem64", "deficiency", "significantly", "diminishes", "RANKL", "-", "induced", "[", "Ca(2+)](i", ")", "oscillation", ",", "which", "results", "in", "reduced", "Ca(2+)/calmodulin", "-", "dependent", "protein", "kinases", "(", "CaMK", ")", "IV", "and", "mitochondrial", "ROS", ",", "both", "of", "which", "contribute", "to", "achieving", "the", "CREB", "activity", "necessary", "for", "osteoclast", "formation", ".", "These", "data", "demonstrate", "that", "Tmem64", "is", "a", "positive", "modulator", "of", "osteoclast", "differentiation", "via", "SERCA2-dependent", "Ca(2", "+", ")", "signaling", "." ]	[ "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL", "GENE-N" ]
Tmem64 is a GENE-Y, calcium is a CHEMICAL, RANKL is a GENE-Y, receptor activator of NF - κB ligand is a GENE-Y, nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 is a GENE-Y, NFATc1 is a GENE-Y, calcium is a CHEMICAL, Ca(2 + ) is a CHEMICAL, transmembrane protein 64 is a GENE-Y, Tmem64 is a GENE-Y, Ca(2 + ) is a CHEMICAL, Ca(2 + ) is a CHEMICAL, Tmem64 is a GENE-Y, RANKL is a GENE-Y, Ca(2+)/calmodulin - dependent protein kinases ( CaMK ) IV is a GENE-Y, CREB is a GENE-N, Tmem64 is a GENE-Y, Ca(2 + ) is a CHEMICAL	24789_task1	Sentence: Tmem64 modulates calcium signaling during RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation. Osteoclast maturation and function primarily depend on receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-mediated induction of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1), which is further activated via increased intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) oscillation. However, the coordination mechanism that mediates Ca(2+) oscillation during osteoclastogenesis remains ill defined. Here, we identified transmembrane protein 64 (Tmem64) as a regulator of Ca(2+) oscillation during osteoclastogenesis. We found that Tmem64-deficient mice exhibit increased bone mass due in part to impaired osteoclast formation. Using in vitro osteoclast culture systems, we show here that Tmem64 interacts with sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase 2 (SERCA2) and modulates its activity. Consequently, Tmem64 deficiency significantly diminishes RANKL-induced [Ca(2+)](i) oscillation, which results in reduced Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMK) IV and mitochondrial ROS, both of which contribute to achieving the CREB activity necessary for osteoclast formation. These data demonstrate that Tmem64 is a positive modulator of osteoclast differentiation via SERCA2-dependent Ca(2+) signaling. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Tmem64, calcium, RANKL, receptor activator of NF - κB ligand, nuclear factor of activated T cells c1, NFATc1, calcium, Ca(2 + ), transmembrane protein 64, Tmem64, Ca(2 + ), Ca(2 + ), Tmem64, RANKL, Ca(2+)/calmodulin - dependent protein kinases ( CaMK ) IV, CREB, Tmem64, Ca(2 + ) Options: GENE-N, GENE-Y, CHEMICAL	[ "B-GENE-Y", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O" ]	Tmem64 modulates calcium signaling during RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation. Osteoclast maturation and function primarily depend on receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-mediated induction of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1), which is further activated via increased intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) oscillation. However, the coordination mechanism that mediates Ca(2+) oscillation during osteoclastogenesis remains ill defined. Here, we identified transmembrane protein 64 (Tmem64) as a regulator of Ca(2+) oscillation during osteoclastogenesis. We found that Tmem64-deficient mice exhibit increased bone mass due in part to impaired osteoclast formation. Using in vitro osteoclast culture systems, we show here that Tmem64 interacts with sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase 2 (SERCA2) and modulates its activity. Consequently, Tmem64 deficiency significantly diminishes RANKL-induced [Ca(2+)](i) oscillation, which results in reduced Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMK) IV and mitochondrial ROS, both of which contribute to achieving the CREB activity necessary for osteoclast formation. These data demonstrate that Tmem64 is a positive modulator of osteoclast differentiation via SERCA2-dependent Ca(2+) signaling.	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Tmem64, calcium, RANKL, receptor activator of NF - κB ligand, nuclear factor of activated T cells c1, NFATc1, calcium, Ca(2 + ), transmembrane protein 64, Tmem64, Ca(2 + ), Ca(2 + ), Tmem64, RANKL, Ca(2+)/calmodulin - dependent protein kinases ( CaMK ) IV, CREB, Tmem64, Ca(2 + )	24789_task2	Sentence: Tmem64 modulates calcium signaling during RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation. Osteoclast maturation and function primarily depend on receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-mediated induction of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1), which is further activated via increased intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) oscillation. However, the coordination mechanism that mediates Ca(2+) oscillation during osteoclastogenesis remains ill defined. Here, we identified transmembrane protein 64 (Tmem64) as a regulator of Ca(2+) oscillation during osteoclastogenesis. We found that Tmem64-deficient mice exhibit increased bone mass due in part to impaired osteoclast formation. Using in vitro osteoclast culture systems, we show here that Tmem64 interacts with sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase 2 (SERCA2) and modulates its activity. Consequently, Tmem64 deficiency significantly diminishes RANKL-induced [Ca(2+)](i) oscillation, which results in reduced Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMK) IV and mitochondrial ROS, both of which contribute to achieving the CREB activity necessary for osteoclast formation. These data demonstrate that Tmem64 is a positive modulator of osteoclast differentiation via SERCA2-dependent Ca(2+) signaling. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "B-GENE-Y", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O" ]	Tmem64 modulates calcium signaling during RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation. Osteoclast maturation and function primarily depend on receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-mediated induction of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1), which is further activated via increased intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) oscillation. However, the coordination mechanism that mediates Ca(2+) oscillation during osteoclastogenesis remains ill defined. Here, we identified transmembrane protein 64 (Tmem64) as a regulator of Ca(2+) oscillation during osteoclastogenesis. We found that Tmem64-deficient mice exhibit increased bone mass due in part to impaired osteoclast formation. Using in vitro osteoclast culture systems, we show here that Tmem64 interacts with sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase 2 (SERCA2) and modulates its activity. Consequently, Tmem64 deficiency significantly diminishes RANKL-induced [Ca(2+)](i) oscillation, which results in reduced Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMK) IV and mitochondrial ROS, both of which contribute to achieving the CREB activity necessary for osteoclast formation. These data demonstrate that Tmem64 is a positive modulator of osteoclast differentiation via SERCA2-dependent Ca(2+) signaling.	[ "Tmem64", "modulates", "calcium", "signaling", "during", "RANKL", "-", "mediated", "osteoclast", "differentiation", ".", "\n", "Osteoclast", "maturation", "and", "function", "primarily", "depend", "on", "receptor", "activator", "of", "NF", "-", "κB", "ligand", "(", "RANKL)-mediated", "induction", "of", "nuclear", "factor", "of", "activated", "T", " ", "cells", "c1", "(", "NFATc1", ")", ",", "which", "is", "further", "activated", "via", "increased", "intracellular", "calcium", "(", "[", "Ca(2+)](i", ")", ")", "oscillation", ".", "However", ",", "the", "coordination", "mechanism", "that", "mediates", "Ca(2", "+", ")", "oscillation", "during", "osteoclastogenesis", "remains", "ill", "defined", ".", "Here", ",", "we", "identified", "transmembrane", "protein", "64", "(", "Tmem64", ")", "as", "a", "regulator", "of", "Ca(2", "+", ")", "oscillation", "during", "osteoclastogenesis", ".", "We", "found", "that", "Tmem64-deficient", "mice", "exhibit", "increased", "bone", "mass", "due", "in", "part", "to", "impaired", "osteoclast", "formation", ".", "Using", "in", " ", "vitro", "osteoclast", "culture", "systems", ",", "we", "show", "here", "that", "Tmem64", "interacts", "with", "sarcoplasmic", "endoplasmic", "reticulum", "Ca(2", "+", ")", "ATPase", "2", "(", "SERCA2", ")", "and", "modulates", "its", "activity", ".", "Consequently", ",", "Tmem64", "deficiency", "significantly", "diminishes", "RANKL", "-", "induced", "[", "Ca(2+)](i", ")", "oscillation", ",", "which", "results", "in", "reduced", "Ca(2+)/calmodulin", "-", "dependent", "protein", "kinases", "(", "CaMK", ")", "IV", "and", "mitochondrial", "ROS", ",", "both", "of", "which", "contribute", "to", "achieving", "the", "CREB", "activity", "necessary", "for", "osteoclast", "formation", ".", "These", "data", "demonstrate", "that", "Tmem64", "is", "a", "positive", "modulator", "of", "osteoclast", "differentiation", "via", "SERCA2-dependent", "Ca(2", "+", ")", "signaling", "." ]	[ "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL", "GENE-N" ]
tumour is a DISEASE, tumours is a DISEASE, haemotoxicity is a ADVERSE	example-216_task0	Sentence: A comparison of two orally bioavailable anti-cancer agents, IRC-110160 and STX140. This study characterises two recently developed anticancer agents in vitro and in vivo, 2-methoxyoestra-1,3,5(10), 16-tetraene-3-carboxamide (IRC-110160) and STX140. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hormone-dependent (MCF-7), hormone-independent (MDA-MB-231) and P-glycoprotein overexpressing (MCF-7Dox) cells were used for proliferation experiments. For the tumour efficacy studies, female nude mice were inoculated with MDA-MB-231 cells. RESULTS: IRC-110160 is a potent inhibitor of both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation. Furthermore, the potency of IRC-110160 was unaffected by the over-expression of the P-glycoprotein drug efflux pump. IRC-110160 and 2-methoxyoestradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulfamate (STX140) induced apoptosis in a similar timeframe in the MDA-MB-231 cell line, but only STX140 caused G2/M arrest in these cells. In the MDA-MB-231 xenograft model 300 mg/kg p.o. (daily) of IRC-110160 and 20 mg/kg p.o. STX140 (daily) both completely inhibited tumour growth; however some toxicity was observed with IRC-110160. After 28 days of daily dosing STX140 (20 mg/kg p.o.) had minimal effect on the white blood population of mice with tumours. The masking of STX140 from white blood cells may be due to its interaction with carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) in the red blood cells. In contrast to STX140, IRC-110160 does not inhibit CAII. These studies highlight the activity of two orally bioavailable anti-cancer agents one of which, STX140, may offer a significant clinical advantage over existing drugs as a common dose limiting factor, haemotoxicity, may be minimised. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: ADVERSE, DISEASE	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ADVERSE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	A comparison of two orally bioavailable anti-cancer agents, IRC-110160 and STX140. This study characterises two recently developed anticancer agents in vitro and in vivo, 2-methoxyoestra-1,3,5(10), 16-tetraene-3-carboxamide (IRC-110160) and STX140. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hormone-dependent (MCF-7), hormone-independent (MDA-MB-231) and P-glycoprotein overexpressing (MCF-7Dox) cells were used for proliferation experiments. For the tumour efficacy studies, female nude mice were inoculated with MDA-MB-231 cells. RESULTS: IRC-110160 is a potent inhibitor of both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation. Furthermore, the potency of IRC-110160 was unaffected by the over-expression of the P-glycoprotein drug efflux pump. IRC-110160 and 2-methoxyoestradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulfamate (STX140) induced apoptosis in a similar timeframe in the MDA-MB-231 cell line, but only STX140 caused G2/M arrest in these cells. In the MDA-MB-231 xenograft model 300 mg/kg p.o. (daily) of IRC-110160 and 20 mg/kg p.o. STX140 (daily) both completely inhibited tumour growth; however some toxicity was observed with IRC-110160. After 28 days of daily dosing STX140 (20 mg/kg p.o.) had minimal effect on the white blood population of mice with tumours. The masking of STX140 from white blood cells may be due to its interaction with carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) in the red blood cells. In contrast to STX140, IRC-110160 does not inhibit CAII. These studies highlight the activity of two orally bioavailable anti-cancer agents one of which, STX140, may offer a significant clinical advantage over existing drugs as a common dose limiting factor, haemotoxicity, may be minimised.	[ "A", "comparison", "of", "two", "orally", "bioavailable", "anti", "-", "cancer", "agents", ",", "IRC-110160", "and", "STX140", ".", " ", "This", "study", "characterises", "two", "recently", "developed", "anticancer", "agents", "in", "vitro", "and", "in", "vivo", ",", "2-methoxyoestra-1,3,5(10", ")", ",", "16-tetraene-3-carboxamide", "(", "IRC-110160", ")", "and", "STX140", ".", "MATERIALS", "AND", "METHODS", ":", "Hormone", "-", "dependent", "(", "MCF-7", ")", ",", "hormone", "-", "independent", "(", "MDA", "-", "MB-231", ")", "and", "P", "-", "glycoprotein", "overexpressing", "(", "MCF-7Dox", ")", "cells", "were", "used", "for", "proliferation", "experiments", ".", "For", "the", "tumour", "efficacy", "studies", ",", "female", "nude", "mice", "were", "inoculated", "with", "MDA", "-", "MB-231", "cells", ".", "RESULTS", ":", "IRC-110160", "is", "a", "potent", "inhibitor", "of", "both", "MCF-7", "and", "MDA", "-", "MB-231", "cell", "proliferation", ".", "Furthermore", ",", "the", "potency", "of", "IRC-110160", "was", "unaffected", "by", "the", "over", "-", "expression", "of", "the", "P", "-", "glycoprotein", "drug", "efflux", "pump", ".", "IRC-110160", "and", "2-methoxyoestradiol-3,17-O", ",", "O", "-", "bis", "-", "sulfamate", "(", "STX140", ")", "induced", "apoptosis", "in", "a", "similar", "timeframe", "in", "the", "MDA", "-", "MB-231", "cell", "line", ",", "but", "only", "STX140", "caused", "G2", "/", "M", "arrest", "in", "these", "cells", ".", "In", "the", "MDA", "-", "MB-231", "xenograft", "model", "300", "mg", "/", "kg", "p.o", ".", "(", "daily", ")", "of", "IRC-110160", "and", "20", "mg", "/", "kg", "p.o", ".", "STX140", "(", "daily", ")", "both", "completely", "inhibited", "tumour", "growth", ";", "however", "some", "toxicity", "was", "observed", "with", "IRC-110160", ".", "After", "28", "days", "of", "daily", "dosing", "STX140", "(", "20", "mg", "/", "kg", "p.o", ".", ")", "had", "minimal", "effect", "on", "the", "white", "blood", "population", "of", "mice", "with", "tumours", ".", "The", "masking", "of", "STX140", "from", "white", "blood", "cells", "may", "be", "due", "to", "its", "interaction", "with", "carbonic", "anhydrase", "II", "(", "CAII", ")", "in", "the", "red", "blood", "cells", ".", "In", "contrast", "to", "STX140", ",", "IRC-110160", "does", "not", "inhibit", "CAII", ".", "These", "studies", "highlight", "the", "activity", "of", "two", "orally", "bioavailable", "anti", "-", "cancer", "agents", "one", "of", "which", ",", "STX140", ",", "may", "offer", "a", "significant", "clinical", "advantage", "over", "existing", "drugs", "as", "a", "common", "dose", "limiting", "factor", ",", "haemotoxicity", ",", "may", "be", "minimised", "." ]	[ "ADVERSE", "DISEASE" ]
tumour is a DISEASE, tumours is a DISEASE, haemotoxicity is a ADVERSE	example-216_task1	Sentence: A comparison of two orally bioavailable anti-cancer agents, IRC-110160 and STX140. This study characterises two recently developed anticancer agents in vitro and in vivo, 2-methoxyoestra-1,3,5(10), 16-tetraene-3-carboxamide (IRC-110160) and STX140. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hormone-dependent (MCF-7), hormone-independent (MDA-MB-231) and P-glycoprotein overexpressing (MCF-7Dox) cells were used for proliferation experiments. For the tumour efficacy studies, female nude mice were inoculated with MDA-MB-231 cells. RESULTS: IRC-110160 is a potent inhibitor of both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation. Furthermore, the potency of IRC-110160 was unaffected by the over-expression of the P-glycoprotein drug efflux pump. IRC-110160 and 2-methoxyoestradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulfamate (STX140) induced apoptosis in a similar timeframe in the MDA-MB-231 cell line, but only STX140 caused G2/M arrest in these cells. In the MDA-MB-231 xenograft model 300 mg/kg p.o. (daily) of IRC-110160 and 20 mg/kg p.o. STX140 (daily) both completely inhibited tumour growth; however some toxicity was observed with IRC-110160. After 28 days of daily dosing STX140 (20 mg/kg p.o.) had minimal effect on the white blood population of mice with tumours. The masking of STX140 from white blood cells may be due to its interaction with carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) in the red blood cells. In contrast to STX140, IRC-110160 does not inhibit CAII. These studies highlight the activity of two orally bioavailable anti-cancer agents one of which, STX140, may offer a significant clinical advantage over existing drugs as a common dose limiting factor, haemotoxicity, may be minimised. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: tumour, tumours, haemotoxicity Options: ADVERSE, DISEASE	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ADVERSE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	A comparison of two orally bioavailable anti-cancer agents, IRC-110160 and STX140. This study characterises two recently developed anticancer agents in vitro and in vivo, 2-methoxyoestra-1,3,5(10), 16-tetraene-3-carboxamide (IRC-110160) and STX140. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hormone-dependent (MCF-7), hormone-independent (MDA-MB-231) and P-glycoprotein overexpressing (MCF-7Dox) cells were used for proliferation experiments. For the tumour efficacy studies, female nude mice were inoculated with MDA-MB-231 cells. RESULTS: IRC-110160 is a potent inhibitor of both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation. Furthermore, the potency of IRC-110160 was unaffected by the over-expression of the P-glycoprotein drug efflux pump. IRC-110160 and 2-methoxyoestradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulfamate (STX140) induced apoptosis in a similar timeframe in the MDA-MB-231 cell line, but only STX140 caused G2/M arrest in these cells. In the MDA-MB-231 xenograft model 300 mg/kg p.o. (daily) of IRC-110160 and 20 mg/kg p.o. STX140 (daily) both completely inhibited tumour growth; however some toxicity was observed with IRC-110160. After 28 days of daily dosing STX140 (20 mg/kg p.o.) had minimal effect on the white blood population of mice with tumours. The masking of STX140 from white blood cells may be due to its interaction with carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) in the red blood cells. In contrast to STX140, IRC-110160 does not inhibit CAII. These studies highlight the activity of two orally bioavailable anti-cancer agents one of which, STX140, may offer a significant clinical advantage over existing drugs as a common dose limiting factor, haemotoxicity, may be minimised.	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tumour, tumours, haemotoxicity	example-216_task2	Sentence: A comparison of two orally bioavailable anti-cancer agents, IRC-110160 and STX140. This study characterises two recently developed anticancer agents in vitro and in vivo, 2-methoxyoestra-1,3,5(10), 16-tetraene-3-carboxamide (IRC-110160) and STX140. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hormone-dependent (MCF-7), hormone-independent (MDA-MB-231) and P-glycoprotein overexpressing (MCF-7Dox) cells were used for proliferation experiments. For the tumour efficacy studies, female nude mice were inoculated with MDA-MB-231 cells. RESULTS: IRC-110160 is a potent inhibitor of both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation. Furthermore, the potency of IRC-110160 was unaffected by the over-expression of the P-glycoprotein drug efflux pump. IRC-110160 and 2-methoxyoestradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulfamate (STX140) induced apoptosis in a similar timeframe in the MDA-MB-231 cell line, but only STX140 caused G2/M arrest in these cells. In the MDA-MB-231 xenograft model 300 mg/kg p.o. (daily) of IRC-110160 and 20 mg/kg p.o. STX140 (daily) both completely inhibited tumour growth; however some toxicity was observed with IRC-110160. After 28 days of daily dosing STX140 (20 mg/kg p.o.) had minimal effect on the white blood population of mice with tumours. The masking of STX140 from white blood cells may be due to its interaction with carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) in the red blood cells. In contrast to STX140, IRC-110160 does not inhibit CAII. These studies highlight the activity of two orally bioavailable anti-cancer agents one of which, STX140, may offer a significant clinical advantage over existing drugs as a common dose limiting factor, haemotoxicity, may be minimised. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ADVERSE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	A comparison of two orally bioavailable anti-cancer agents, IRC-110160 and STX140. This study characterises two recently developed anticancer agents in vitro and in vivo, 2-methoxyoestra-1,3,5(10), 16-tetraene-3-carboxamide (IRC-110160) and STX140. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hormone-dependent (MCF-7), hormone-independent (MDA-MB-231) and P-glycoprotein overexpressing (MCF-7Dox) cells were used for proliferation experiments. For the tumour efficacy studies, female nude mice were inoculated with MDA-MB-231 cells. RESULTS: IRC-110160 is a potent inhibitor of both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation. Furthermore, the potency of IRC-110160 was unaffected by the over-expression of the P-glycoprotein drug efflux pump. IRC-110160 and 2-methoxyoestradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulfamate (STX140) induced apoptosis in a similar timeframe in the MDA-MB-231 cell line, but only STX140 caused G2/M arrest in these cells. In the MDA-MB-231 xenograft model 300 mg/kg p.o. (daily) of IRC-110160 and 20 mg/kg p.o. STX140 (daily) both completely inhibited tumour growth; however some toxicity was observed with IRC-110160. After 28 days of daily dosing STX140 (20 mg/kg p.o.) had minimal effect on the white blood population of mice with tumours. The masking of STX140 from white blood cells may be due to its interaction with carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) in the red blood cells. In contrast to STX140, IRC-110160 does not inhibit CAII. These studies highlight the activity of two orally bioavailable anti-cancer agents one of which, STX140, may offer a significant clinical advantage over existing drugs as a common dose limiting factor, haemotoxicity, may be minimised.	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Hinterwandinfarktes is an umlsterm, Koronarangiographie is an umlsterm, Dissektion is an umlsterm, Koronararterie is an umlsterm, Stents is an umlsterm, Diagnostik is an umlsterm, Echokardiographie is an umlsterm, Aortenaneurysma is an umlsterm, Aortenklappe is an umlsterm, Arcus aortae is an umlsterm, Aortenklappe is an umlsterm, Aortenklappe is an umlsterm, Aortenaneurysma is an umlsterm, Koronararterien is an umlsterm, Hinterwandinfarkt is an umlsterm	IntensiveMedizin.90360304.ger.abstr_task0	Sentence: Eine 57jaehrige Patientin wurde mit den klinischen Zeichen eines akuten Hinterwandinfarktes stationaer aufgenommen . In der Koronarangiographie zeigte sich eine Dissektion der rechten Koronararterie . Diese konnte durch Implantation zweier Stents erfolgreich rekanalisiert werden . Im Rahmen der weiteren Diagnostik zeigte sich in der transoesophagealen Echokardiographie ein dissezierendes Aortenaneurysma , unmittelbar an der Aortenklappe beginnend ( Stanford Typ A ) und bis in den Arcus aortae reichend . Das falsche " Lumen " war proximal bereits vollstaendig thrombosiert , nur im distalen Abschnitt konnte noch geringer Fluss nachgewiesen werden . Die Aortenklappe war bikuspide angelegt . Ein Zusammenhang zwischen bikuspider Aortenklappe , Aortenaneurysma und Auftreten einer Aortendissektion ist seit langem bekannt , jedoch ist das Uebergreifen einer Aortendissektion auf die Koronararterien mit einem in Folge auftretenden akuten Hinterwandinfarkt ein seltenes Ereignis . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Eine 57jaehrige Patientin wurde mit den klinischen Zeichen eines akuten Hinterwandinfarktes stationaer aufgenommen . In der Koronarangiographie zeigte sich eine Dissektion der rechten Koronararterie . Diese konnte durch Implantation zweier Stents erfolgreich rekanalisiert werden . Im Rahmen der weiteren Diagnostik zeigte sich in der transoesophagealen Echokardiographie ein dissezierendes Aortenaneurysma , unmittelbar an der Aortenklappe beginnend ( Stanford Typ A ) und bis in den Arcus aortae reichend . Das falsche " Lumen " war proximal bereits vollstaendig thrombosiert , nur im distalen Abschnitt konnte noch geringer Fluss nachgewiesen werden . Die Aortenklappe war bikuspide angelegt . Ein Zusammenhang zwischen bikuspider Aortenklappe , Aortenaneurysma und Auftreten einer Aortendissektion ist seit langem bekannt , jedoch ist das Uebergreifen einer Aortendissektion auf die Koronararterien mit einem in Folge auftretenden akuten Hinterwandinfarkt ein seltenes Ereignis .	[ "Eine", "57jaehrige", "Patientin", "wurde", "mit", "den", "klinischen", "Zeichen", "eines", "akuten", "Hinterwandinfarktes", "stationaer", "aufgenommen", ".", "In", "der", "Koronarangiographie", "zeigte", "sich", "eine", "Dissektion", "der", "rechten", "Koronararterie", ".", "Diese", "konnte", "durch", "Implantation", "zweier", "Stents", "erfolgreich", "rekanalisiert", "werden", ".", "Im", "Rahmen", "der", "weiteren", "Diagnostik", "zeigte", "sich", "in", "der", "transoesophagealen", "Echokardiographie", "ein", "dissezierendes", "Aortenaneurysma", ",", "unmittelbar", "an", "der", "Aortenklappe", "beginnend", "(", "Stanford", "Typ", "A", ")", "und", "bis", "in", "den", "Arcus", "aortae", "reichend", ".", "Das", "falsche", "\"", "Lumen", "\"", "war", "proximal", "bereits", "vollstaendig", "thrombosiert", ",", "nur", "im", "distalen", "Abschnitt", "konnte", "noch", "geringer", "Fluss", "nachgewiesen", "werden", ".", "Die", "Aortenklappe", "war", "bikuspide", "angelegt", ".", "Ein", "Zusammenhang", "zwischen", "bikuspider", "Aortenklappe", ",", "Aortenaneurysma", "und", "Auftreten", "einer", "Aortendissektion", "ist", "seit", "langem", "bekannt", ",", "jedoch", "ist", "das", "Uebergreifen", "einer", "Aortendissektion", "auf", "die", "Koronararterien", "mit", "einem", "in", "Folge", "auftretenden", "akuten", "Hinterwandinfarkt", "ein", "seltenes", "Ereignis", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Hinterwandinfarktes is an umlsterm, Koronarangiographie is an umlsterm, Dissektion is an umlsterm, Koronararterie is an umlsterm, Stents is an umlsterm, Diagnostik is an umlsterm, Echokardiographie is an umlsterm, Aortenaneurysma is an umlsterm, Aortenklappe is an umlsterm, Arcus aortae is an umlsterm, Aortenklappe is an umlsterm, Aortenklappe is an umlsterm, Aortenaneurysma is an umlsterm, Koronararterien is an umlsterm, Hinterwandinfarkt is an umlsterm	IntensiveMedizin.90360304.ger.abstr_task1	Sentence: Eine 57jaehrige Patientin wurde mit den klinischen Zeichen eines akuten Hinterwandinfarktes stationaer aufgenommen . In der Koronarangiographie zeigte sich eine Dissektion der rechten Koronararterie . Diese konnte durch Implantation zweier Stents erfolgreich rekanalisiert werden . Im Rahmen der weiteren Diagnostik zeigte sich in der transoesophagealen Echokardiographie ein dissezierendes Aortenaneurysma , unmittelbar an der Aortenklappe beginnend ( Stanford Typ A ) und bis in den Arcus aortae reichend . Das falsche " Lumen " war proximal bereits vollstaendig thrombosiert , nur im distalen Abschnitt konnte noch geringer Fluss nachgewiesen werden . Die Aortenklappe war bikuspide angelegt . Ein Zusammenhang zwischen bikuspider Aortenklappe , Aortenaneurysma und Auftreten einer Aortendissektion ist seit langem bekannt , jedoch ist das Uebergreifen einer Aortendissektion auf die Koronararterien mit einem in Folge auftretenden akuten Hinterwandinfarkt ein seltenes Ereignis . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Hinterwandinfarktes, Koronarangiographie, Dissektion, Koronararterie, Stents, Diagnostik, Echokardiographie, Aortenaneurysma, Aortenklappe, Arcus aortae, Aortenklappe, Aortenklappe, Aortenaneurysma, Koronararterien, Hinterwandinfarkt Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Eine 57jaehrige Patientin wurde mit den klinischen Zeichen eines akuten Hinterwandinfarktes stationaer aufgenommen . In der Koronarangiographie zeigte sich eine Dissektion der rechten Koronararterie . Diese konnte durch Implantation zweier Stents erfolgreich rekanalisiert werden . Im Rahmen der weiteren Diagnostik zeigte sich in der transoesophagealen Echokardiographie ein dissezierendes Aortenaneurysma , unmittelbar an der Aortenklappe beginnend ( Stanford Typ A ) und bis in den Arcus aortae reichend . Das falsche " Lumen " war proximal bereits vollstaendig thrombosiert , nur im distalen Abschnitt konnte noch geringer Fluss nachgewiesen werden . Die Aortenklappe war bikuspide angelegt . Ein Zusammenhang zwischen bikuspider Aortenklappe , Aortenaneurysma und Auftreten einer Aortendissektion ist seit langem bekannt , jedoch ist das Uebergreifen einer Aortendissektion auf die Koronararterien mit einem in Folge auftretenden akuten Hinterwandinfarkt ein seltenes Ereignis .	[ "Eine", "57jaehrige", "Patientin", "wurde", "mit", "den", "klinischen", "Zeichen", "eines", "akuten", "Hinterwandinfarktes", "stationaer", "aufgenommen", ".", "In", "der", "Koronarangiographie", "zeigte", "sich", "eine", "Dissektion", "der", "rechten", "Koronararterie", ".", "Diese", "konnte", "durch", "Implantation", "zweier", "Stents", "erfolgreich", "rekanalisiert", "werden", ".", "Im", "Rahmen", "der", "weiteren", "Diagnostik", "zeigte", "sich", "in", "der", "transoesophagealen", "Echokardiographie", "ein", "dissezierendes", "Aortenaneurysma", ",", "unmittelbar", "an", "der", "Aortenklappe", "beginnend", "(", "Stanford", "Typ", "A", ")", "und", "bis", "in", "den", "Arcus", "aortae", "reichend", ".", "Das", "falsche", "\"", "Lumen", "\"", "war", "proximal", "bereits", "vollstaendig", "thrombosiert", ",", "nur", "im", "distalen", "Abschnitt", "konnte", "noch", "geringer", "Fluss", "nachgewiesen", "werden", ".", "Die", "Aortenklappe", "war", "bikuspide", "angelegt", ".", "Ein", "Zusammenhang", "zwischen", "bikuspider", "Aortenklappe", ",", "Aortenaneurysma", "und", "Auftreten", "einer", "Aortendissektion", "ist", "seit", "langem", "bekannt", ",", "jedoch", "ist", "das", "Uebergreifen", "einer", "Aortendissektion", "auf", "die", "Koronararterien", "mit", "einem", "in", "Folge", "auftretenden", "akuten", "Hinterwandinfarkt", "ein", "seltenes", "Ereignis", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Hinterwandinfarktes, Koronarangiographie, Dissektion, Koronararterie, Stents, Diagnostik, Echokardiographie, Aortenaneurysma, Aortenklappe, Arcus aortae, Aortenklappe, Aortenklappe, Aortenaneurysma, Koronararterien, Hinterwandinfarkt	IntensiveMedizin.90360304.ger.abstr_task2	Sentence: Eine 57jaehrige Patientin wurde mit den klinischen Zeichen eines akuten Hinterwandinfarktes stationaer aufgenommen . In der Koronarangiographie zeigte sich eine Dissektion der rechten Koronararterie . Diese konnte durch Implantation zweier Stents erfolgreich rekanalisiert werden . Im Rahmen der weiteren Diagnostik zeigte sich in der transoesophagealen Echokardiographie ein dissezierendes Aortenaneurysma , unmittelbar an der Aortenklappe beginnend ( Stanford Typ A ) und bis in den Arcus aortae reichend . Das falsche " Lumen " war proximal bereits vollstaendig thrombosiert , nur im distalen Abschnitt konnte noch geringer Fluss nachgewiesen werden . Die Aortenklappe war bikuspide angelegt . Ein Zusammenhang zwischen bikuspider Aortenklappe , Aortenaneurysma und Auftreten einer Aortendissektion ist seit langem bekannt , jedoch ist das Uebergreifen einer Aortendissektion auf die Koronararterien mit einem in Folge auftretenden akuten Hinterwandinfarkt ein seltenes Ereignis . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Eine 57jaehrige Patientin wurde mit den klinischen Zeichen eines akuten Hinterwandinfarktes stationaer aufgenommen . In der Koronarangiographie zeigte sich eine Dissektion der rechten Koronararterie . Diese konnte durch Implantation zweier Stents erfolgreich rekanalisiert werden . Im Rahmen der weiteren Diagnostik zeigte sich in der transoesophagealen Echokardiographie ein dissezierendes Aortenaneurysma , unmittelbar an der Aortenklappe beginnend ( Stanford Typ A ) und bis in den Arcus aortae reichend . Das falsche " Lumen " war proximal bereits vollstaendig thrombosiert , nur im distalen Abschnitt konnte noch geringer Fluss nachgewiesen werden . Die Aortenklappe war bikuspide angelegt . Ein Zusammenhang zwischen bikuspider Aortenklappe , Aortenaneurysma und Auftreten einer Aortendissektion ist seit langem bekannt , jedoch ist das Uebergreifen einer Aortendissektion auf die Koronararterien mit einem in Folge auftretenden akuten Hinterwandinfarkt ein seltenes Ereignis .	[ "Eine", "57jaehrige", "Patientin", "wurde", "mit", "den", "klinischen", "Zeichen", "eines", "akuten", "Hinterwandinfarktes", "stationaer", "aufgenommen", ".", "In", "der", "Koronarangiographie", "zeigte", "sich", "eine", "Dissektion", "der", "rechten", "Koronararterie", ".", "Diese", "konnte", "durch", "Implantation", "zweier", "Stents", "erfolgreich", "rekanalisiert", "werden", ".", "Im", "Rahmen", "der", "weiteren", "Diagnostik", "zeigte", "sich", "in", "der", "transoesophagealen", "Echokardiographie", "ein", "dissezierendes", "Aortenaneurysma", ",", "unmittelbar", "an", "der", "Aortenklappe", "beginnend", "(", "Stanford", "Typ", "A", ")", "und", "bis", "in", "den", "Arcus", "aortae", "reichend", ".", "Das", "falsche", "\"", "Lumen", "\"", "war", "proximal", "bereits", "vollstaendig", "thrombosiert", ",", "nur", "im", "distalen", "Abschnitt", "konnte", "noch", "geringer", "Fluss", "nachgewiesen", "werden", ".", "Die", "Aortenklappe", "war", "bikuspide", "angelegt", ".", "Ein", "Zusammenhang", "zwischen", "bikuspider", "Aortenklappe", ",", "Aortenaneurysma", "und", "Auftreten", "einer", "Aortendissektion", "ist", "seit", "langem", "bekannt", ",", "jedoch", "ist", "das", "Uebergreifen", "einer", "Aortendissektion", "auf", "die", "Koronararterien", "mit", "einem", "in", "Folge", "auftretenden", "akuten", "Hinterwandinfarkt", "ein", "seltenes", "Ereignis", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Male is a Person, between 18 and 40 years is a Value, old is a Person	NCT03249311_inc_task0	Sentence: Male participants between 18 and 40 years-old Written informed consent signed by the participant Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Person, Value	[ "B-Person", "O", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "O", "B-Person", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Male participants between 18 and 40 years-old Written informed consent signed by the participant	[ "Male", "participants", "between", "18", "and", "40", "years", "-", "old", "\n", "Written", "informed", "consent", "signed", "by", "the", "participant", "\n" ]	[ "Value", "Person" ]
Male is a Person, between 18 and 40 years is a Value, old is a Person	NCT03249311_inc_task1	Sentence: Male participants between 18 and 40 years-old Written informed consent signed by the participant Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Male, between 18 and 40 years, old Options: Person, Value	[ "B-Person", "O", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "O", "B-Person", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Male participants between 18 and 40 years-old Written informed consent signed by the participant	[ "Male", "participants", "between", "18", "and", "40", "years", "-", "old", "\n", "Written", "informed", "consent", "signed", "by", "the", "participant", "\n" ]	[ "Value", "Person" ]
Male, between 18 and 40 years, old	NCT03249311_inc_task2	Sentence: Male participants between 18 and 40 years-old Written informed consent signed by the participant Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "B-Person", "O", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "O", "B-Person", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Male participants between 18 and 40 years-old Written informed consent signed by the participant	[ "Male", "participants", "between", "18", "and", "40", "years", "-", "old", "\n", "Written", "informed", "consent", "signed", "by", "the", "participant", "\n" ]	[ "Value", "Person" ]
hyaluronan - binding protein is a GENE-N, PHBP is a GENE-Y, serine protease domain is a GENE-N	8827452_task0	Sentence: Purification and characterization of a novel hyaluronan-binding protein (PHBP) from human plasma: it has three EGF, a kringle and a serine protease domain, similar to hepatocyte growth factor activator. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: GENE-Y, GENE-N	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Purification and characterization of a novel hyaluronan-binding protein (PHBP) from human plasma: it has three EGF, a kringle and a serine protease domain, similar to hepatocyte growth factor activator.	[ "Purification", "and", "characterization", "of", "a", "novel", "hyaluronan", "-", "binding", "protein", "(", "PHBP", ")", "from", "human", "plasma", ":", "it", "has", "three", "EGF", ",", "a", "kringle", "and", "a", "serine", "protease", "domain", ",", "similar", "to", "hepatocyte", "growth", "factor", "activator", "." ]	[ "GENE-N", "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL" ]
hyaluronan - binding protein is a GENE-N, PHBP is a GENE-Y, serine protease domain is a GENE-N	8827452_task1	Sentence: Purification and characterization of a novel hyaluronan-binding protein (PHBP) from human plasma: it has three EGF, a kringle and a serine protease domain, similar to hepatocyte growth factor activator. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: hyaluronan - binding protein, PHBP, serine protease domain Options: GENE-Y, GENE-N	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Purification and characterization of a novel hyaluronan-binding protein (PHBP) from human plasma: it has three EGF, a kringle and a serine protease domain, similar to hepatocyte growth factor activator.	[ "Purification", "and", "characterization", "of", "a", "novel", "hyaluronan", "-", "binding", "protein", "(", "PHBP", ")", "from", "human", "plasma", ":", "it", "has", "three", "EGF", ",", "a", "kringle", "and", "a", "serine", "protease", "domain", ",", "similar", "to", "hepatocyte", "growth", "factor", "activator", "." ]	[ "GENE-N", "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL" ]
hyaluronan - binding protein, PHBP, serine protease domain	8827452_task2	Sentence: Purification and characterization of a novel hyaluronan-binding protein (PHBP) from human plasma: it has three EGF, a kringle and a serine protease domain, similar to hepatocyte growth factor activator. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Purification and characterization of a novel hyaluronan-binding protein (PHBP) from human plasma: it has three EGF, a kringle and a serine protease domain, similar to hepatocyte growth factor activator.	[ "Purification", "and", "characterization", "of", "a", "novel", "hyaluronan", "-", "binding", "protein", "(", "PHBP", ")", "from", "human", "plasma", ":", "it", "has", "three", "EGF", ",", "a", "kringle", "and", "a", "serine", "protease", "domain", ",", "similar", "to", "hepatocyte", "growth", "factor", "activator", "." ]	[ "GENE-N", "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL" ]
Panikstoerungen is an umlsterm, Panikstoerungen is an umlsterm, Psychosen is an umlsterm, Panikstoerung is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Agoraphobie is an umlsterm, Panikstoerung is an umlsterm, Schizophrenie is an umlsterm, Panikstoerung is an umlsterm, Therapiekonzept is an umlsterm, Pharmakotherapie is an umlsterm, Imipramin is an umlsterm, kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie is an umlsterm, Panikstoerung is an umlsterm, Psychose is an umlsterm, Panikstoerung is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Aufmerksamkeit is an umlsterm, Pharmakotherapie is an umlsterm, Psychotherapie is an umlsterm	DerNervenarzt.90700265.ger.abstr_task0	Sentence: Im Gegensatz zu der gut bekannten Koinzidenz von Panikstoerungen mit depressiven Erkrankungen gibt es nur wenige Berichte ueber die Koinzidenz von Panikstoerungen und schizophrenen Psychosen . Dies liegt z.T. daran , dass die Symptomatik der Panikstoerung sowohl durch die Positiv- als auch durch die Negativsymptomatik bei schizophrenen Patienten maskiert werden kann . Wir berichten ueber den Krankheitsverlauf einer Patientin , die sowohl die ICD-10-Kriterien einer Agoraphobie mit Panikstoerung als auch die einer paranoid-halluzinatorischen Schizophrenie erfuellte . Die psychotische Symptomatik konnte durch die Gabe von Zotepin in niedriger Dosierung erfolgreich behandelt werden , waehrend die Panikstoerung gut auf ein multimodales Therapiekonzept bestehend aus einer Pharmakotherapie mit Imipramin sowie einer kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie ansprach . Wenn auch offenbleiben muss , ob es sich bei der Koinzidenz von Panikstoerung und schizophrener Psychose tatsaechlich um zwei unterschiedliche Krankheitsbilder handelt , sollte jedoch dem Auftreten von Symptomen der Panikstoerung bei schizophrenen Patienten vermehrt Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt werden , da diese moeglicherweise , wie in dem vorliegenden Fall , durch eine spezifische Pharmakotherapie und Psychotherapie gebessert werden koennen . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Im Gegensatz zu der gut bekannten Koinzidenz von Panikstoerungen mit depressiven Erkrankungen gibt es nur wenige Berichte ueber die Koinzidenz von Panikstoerungen und schizophrenen Psychosen . Dies liegt z.T. daran , dass die Symptomatik der Panikstoerung sowohl durch die Positiv- als auch durch die Negativsymptomatik bei schizophrenen Patienten maskiert werden kann . Wir berichten ueber den Krankheitsverlauf einer Patientin , die sowohl die ICD-10-Kriterien einer Agoraphobie mit Panikstoerung als auch die einer paranoid-halluzinatorischen Schizophrenie erfuellte . Die psychotische Symptomatik konnte durch die Gabe von Zotepin in niedriger Dosierung erfolgreich behandelt werden , waehrend die Panikstoerung gut auf ein multimodales Therapiekonzept bestehend aus einer Pharmakotherapie mit Imipramin sowie einer kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie ansprach . Wenn auch offenbleiben muss , ob es sich bei der Koinzidenz von Panikstoerung und schizophrener Psychose tatsaechlich um zwei unterschiedliche Krankheitsbilder handelt , sollte jedoch dem Auftreten von Symptomen der Panikstoerung bei schizophrenen Patienten vermehrt Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt werden , da diese moeglicherweise , wie in dem vorliegenden Fall , durch eine spezifische Pharmakotherapie und Psychotherapie gebessert werden koennen .	[ "Im", "Gegensatz", "zu", "der", "gut", "bekannten", "Koinzidenz", "von", "Panikstoerungen", "mit", "depressiven", "Erkrankungen", "gibt", "es", "nur", "wenige", "Berichte", "ueber", "die", "Koinzidenz", "von", "Panikstoerungen", "und", "schizophrenen", "Psychosen", ".", "Dies", "liegt", "z.", "T.", "daran", ",", "dass", "die", "Symptomatik", "der", "Panikstoerung", "sowohl", "durch", "die", "Positiv-", "als", "auch", "durch", "die", "Negativsymptomatik", "bei", "schizophrenen", "Patienten", "maskiert", "werden", "kann", ".", "Wir", "berichten", "ueber", "den", "Krankheitsverlauf", "einer", "Patientin", ",", "die", "sowohl", "die", "ICD-10-Kriterien", "einer", "Agoraphobie", "mit", "Panikstoerung", "als", "auch", "die", "einer", "paranoid", "-", "halluzinatorischen", "Schizophrenie", "erfuellte", ".", "Die", "psychotische", "Symptomatik", "konnte", "durch", "die", "Gabe", "von", "Zotepin", "in", "niedriger", "Dosierung", "erfolgreich", "behandelt", "werden", ",", "waehrend", "die", "Panikstoerung", "gut", "auf", "ein", "multimodales", "Therapiekonzept", "bestehend", "aus", "einer", "Pharmakotherapie", "mit", "Imipramin", "sowie", "einer", "kognitiven", "Verhaltenstherapie", "ansprach", ".", "Wenn", "auch", "offenbleiben", "muss", ",", "ob", "es", "sich", "bei", "der", "Koinzidenz", "von", "Panikstoerung", "und", "schizophrener", "Psychose", "tatsaechlich", "um", "zwei", "unterschiedliche", "Krankheitsbilder", "handelt", ",", "sollte", "jedoch", "dem", "Auftreten", "von", "Symptomen", "der", "Panikstoerung", "bei", "schizophrenen", "Patienten", "vermehrt", "Aufmerksamkeit", "geschenkt", "werden", ",", "da", "diese", "moeglicherweise", ",", "wie", "in", "dem", "vorliegenden", "Fall", ",", "durch", "eine", "spezifische", "Pharmakotherapie", "und", "Psychotherapie", "gebessert", "werden", "koennen", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Panikstoerungen is an umlsterm, Panikstoerungen is an umlsterm, Psychosen is an umlsterm, Panikstoerung is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Agoraphobie is an umlsterm, Panikstoerung is an umlsterm, Schizophrenie is an umlsterm, Panikstoerung is an umlsterm, Therapiekonzept is an umlsterm, Pharmakotherapie is an umlsterm, Imipramin is an umlsterm, kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie is an umlsterm, Panikstoerung is an umlsterm, Psychose is an umlsterm, Panikstoerung is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Aufmerksamkeit is an umlsterm, Pharmakotherapie is an umlsterm, Psychotherapie is an umlsterm	DerNervenarzt.90700265.ger.abstr_task1	Sentence: Im Gegensatz zu der gut bekannten Koinzidenz von Panikstoerungen mit depressiven Erkrankungen gibt es nur wenige Berichte ueber die Koinzidenz von Panikstoerungen und schizophrenen Psychosen . Dies liegt z.T. daran , dass die Symptomatik der Panikstoerung sowohl durch die Positiv- als auch durch die Negativsymptomatik bei schizophrenen Patienten maskiert werden kann . Wir berichten ueber den Krankheitsverlauf einer Patientin , die sowohl die ICD-10-Kriterien einer Agoraphobie mit Panikstoerung als auch die einer paranoid-halluzinatorischen Schizophrenie erfuellte . Die psychotische Symptomatik konnte durch die Gabe von Zotepin in niedriger Dosierung erfolgreich behandelt werden , waehrend die Panikstoerung gut auf ein multimodales Therapiekonzept bestehend aus einer Pharmakotherapie mit Imipramin sowie einer kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie ansprach . Wenn auch offenbleiben muss , ob es sich bei der Koinzidenz von Panikstoerung und schizophrener Psychose tatsaechlich um zwei unterschiedliche Krankheitsbilder handelt , sollte jedoch dem Auftreten von Symptomen der Panikstoerung bei schizophrenen Patienten vermehrt Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt werden , da diese moeglicherweise , wie in dem vorliegenden Fall , durch eine spezifische Pharmakotherapie und Psychotherapie gebessert werden koennen . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Panikstoerungen, Panikstoerungen, Psychosen, Panikstoerung, Patienten, Agoraphobie, Panikstoerung, Schizophrenie, Panikstoerung, Therapiekonzept, Pharmakotherapie, Imipramin, kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie, Panikstoerung, Psychose, Panikstoerung, Patienten, Aufmerksamkeit, Pharmakotherapie, Psychotherapie Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Im Gegensatz zu der gut bekannten Koinzidenz von Panikstoerungen mit depressiven Erkrankungen gibt es nur wenige Berichte ueber die Koinzidenz von Panikstoerungen und schizophrenen Psychosen . Dies liegt z.T. daran , dass die Symptomatik der Panikstoerung sowohl durch die Positiv- als auch durch die Negativsymptomatik bei schizophrenen Patienten maskiert werden kann . Wir berichten ueber den Krankheitsverlauf einer Patientin , die sowohl die ICD-10-Kriterien einer Agoraphobie mit Panikstoerung als auch die einer paranoid-halluzinatorischen Schizophrenie erfuellte . Die psychotische Symptomatik konnte durch die Gabe von Zotepin in niedriger Dosierung erfolgreich behandelt werden , waehrend die Panikstoerung gut auf ein multimodales Therapiekonzept bestehend aus einer Pharmakotherapie mit Imipramin sowie einer kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie ansprach . Wenn auch offenbleiben muss , ob es sich bei der Koinzidenz von Panikstoerung und schizophrener Psychose tatsaechlich um zwei unterschiedliche Krankheitsbilder handelt , sollte jedoch dem Auftreten von Symptomen der Panikstoerung bei schizophrenen Patienten vermehrt Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt werden , da diese moeglicherweise , wie in dem vorliegenden Fall , durch eine spezifische Pharmakotherapie und Psychotherapie gebessert werden koennen .	[ "Im", "Gegensatz", "zu", "der", "gut", "bekannten", "Koinzidenz", "von", "Panikstoerungen", "mit", "depressiven", "Erkrankungen", "gibt", "es", "nur", "wenige", "Berichte", "ueber", "die", "Koinzidenz", "von", "Panikstoerungen", "und", "schizophrenen", "Psychosen", ".", "Dies", "liegt", "z.", "T.", "daran", ",", "dass", "die", "Symptomatik", "der", "Panikstoerung", "sowohl", "durch", "die", "Positiv-", "als", "auch", "durch", "die", "Negativsymptomatik", "bei", "schizophrenen", "Patienten", "maskiert", "werden", "kann", ".", "Wir", "berichten", "ueber", "den", "Krankheitsverlauf", "einer", "Patientin", ",", "die", "sowohl", "die", "ICD-10-Kriterien", "einer", "Agoraphobie", "mit", "Panikstoerung", "als", "auch", "die", "einer", "paranoid", "-", "halluzinatorischen", "Schizophrenie", "erfuellte", ".", "Die", "psychotische", "Symptomatik", "konnte", "durch", "die", "Gabe", "von", "Zotepin", "in", "niedriger", "Dosierung", "erfolgreich", "behandelt", "werden", ",", "waehrend", "die", "Panikstoerung", "gut", "auf", "ein", "multimodales", "Therapiekonzept", "bestehend", "aus", "einer", "Pharmakotherapie", "mit", "Imipramin", "sowie", "einer", "kognitiven", "Verhaltenstherapie", "ansprach", ".", "Wenn", "auch", "offenbleiben", "muss", ",", "ob", "es", "sich", "bei", "der", "Koinzidenz", "von", "Panikstoerung", "und", "schizophrener", "Psychose", "tatsaechlich", "um", "zwei", "unterschiedliche", "Krankheitsbilder", "handelt", ",", "sollte", "jedoch", "dem", "Auftreten", "von", "Symptomen", "der", "Panikstoerung", "bei", "schizophrenen", "Patienten", "vermehrt", "Aufmerksamkeit", "geschenkt", "werden", ",", "da", "diese", "moeglicherweise", ",", "wie", "in", "dem", "vorliegenden", "Fall", ",", "durch", "eine", "spezifische", "Pharmakotherapie", "und", "Psychotherapie", "gebessert", "werden", "koennen", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Panikstoerungen, Panikstoerungen, Psychosen, Panikstoerung, Patienten, Agoraphobie, Panikstoerung, Schizophrenie, Panikstoerung, Therapiekonzept, Pharmakotherapie, Imipramin, kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie, Panikstoerung, Psychose, Panikstoerung, Patienten, Aufmerksamkeit, Pharmakotherapie, Psychotherapie	DerNervenarzt.90700265.ger.abstr_task2	Sentence: Im Gegensatz zu der gut bekannten Koinzidenz von Panikstoerungen mit depressiven Erkrankungen gibt es nur wenige Berichte ueber die Koinzidenz von Panikstoerungen und schizophrenen Psychosen . Dies liegt z.T. daran , dass die Symptomatik der Panikstoerung sowohl durch die Positiv- als auch durch die Negativsymptomatik bei schizophrenen Patienten maskiert werden kann . Wir berichten ueber den Krankheitsverlauf einer Patientin , die sowohl die ICD-10-Kriterien einer Agoraphobie mit Panikstoerung als auch die einer paranoid-halluzinatorischen Schizophrenie erfuellte . Die psychotische Symptomatik konnte durch die Gabe von Zotepin in niedriger Dosierung erfolgreich behandelt werden , waehrend die Panikstoerung gut auf ein multimodales Therapiekonzept bestehend aus einer Pharmakotherapie mit Imipramin sowie einer kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie ansprach . Wenn auch offenbleiben muss , ob es sich bei der Koinzidenz von Panikstoerung und schizophrener Psychose tatsaechlich um zwei unterschiedliche Krankheitsbilder handelt , sollte jedoch dem Auftreten von Symptomen der Panikstoerung bei schizophrenen Patienten vermehrt Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt werden , da diese moeglicherweise , wie in dem vorliegenden Fall , durch eine spezifische Pharmakotherapie und Psychotherapie gebessert werden koennen . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Im Gegensatz zu der gut bekannten Koinzidenz von Panikstoerungen mit depressiven Erkrankungen gibt es nur wenige Berichte ueber die Koinzidenz von Panikstoerungen und schizophrenen Psychosen . Dies liegt z.T. daran , dass die Symptomatik der Panikstoerung sowohl durch die Positiv- als auch durch die Negativsymptomatik bei schizophrenen Patienten maskiert werden kann . Wir berichten ueber den Krankheitsverlauf einer Patientin , die sowohl die ICD-10-Kriterien einer Agoraphobie mit Panikstoerung als auch die einer paranoid-halluzinatorischen Schizophrenie erfuellte . Die psychotische Symptomatik konnte durch die Gabe von Zotepin in niedriger Dosierung erfolgreich behandelt werden , waehrend die Panikstoerung gut auf ein multimodales Therapiekonzept bestehend aus einer Pharmakotherapie mit Imipramin sowie einer kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie ansprach . Wenn auch offenbleiben muss , ob es sich bei der Koinzidenz von Panikstoerung und schizophrener Psychose tatsaechlich um zwei unterschiedliche Krankheitsbilder handelt , sollte jedoch dem Auftreten von Symptomen der Panikstoerung bei schizophrenen Patienten vermehrt Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt werden , da diese moeglicherweise , wie in dem vorliegenden Fall , durch eine spezifische Pharmakotherapie und Psychotherapie gebessert werden koennen .	[ "Im", "Gegensatz", "zu", "der", "gut", "bekannten", "Koinzidenz", "von", "Panikstoerungen", "mit", "depressiven", "Erkrankungen", "gibt", "es", "nur", "wenige", "Berichte", "ueber", "die", "Koinzidenz", "von", "Panikstoerungen", "und", "schizophrenen", "Psychosen", ".", "Dies", "liegt", "z.", "T.", "daran", ",", "dass", "die", "Symptomatik", "der", "Panikstoerung", "sowohl", "durch", "die", "Positiv-", "als", "auch", "durch", "die", "Negativsymptomatik", "bei", "schizophrenen", "Patienten", "maskiert", "werden", "kann", ".", "Wir", "berichten", "ueber", "den", "Krankheitsverlauf", "einer", "Patientin", ",", "die", "sowohl", "die", "ICD-10-Kriterien", "einer", "Agoraphobie", "mit", "Panikstoerung", "als", "auch", "die", "einer", "paranoid", "-", "halluzinatorischen", "Schizophrenie", "erfuellte", ".", "Die", "psychotische", "Symptomatik", "konnte", "durch", "die", "Gabe", "von", "Zotepin", "in", "niedriger", "Dosierung", "erfolgreich", "behandelt", "werden", ",", "waehrend", "die", "Panikstoerung", "gut", "auf", "ein", "multimodales", "Therapiekonzept", "bestehend", "aus", "einer", "Pharmakotherapie", "mit", "Imipramin", "sowie", "einer", "kognitiven", "Verhaltenstherapie", "ansprach", ".", "Wenn", "auch", "offenbleiben", "muss", ",", "ob", "es", "sich", "bei", "der", "Koinzidenz", "von", "Panikstoerung", "und", "schizophrener", "Psychose", "tatsaechlich", "um", "zwei", "unterschiedliche", "Krankheitsbilder", "handelt", ",", "sollte", "jedoch", "dem", "Auftreten", "von", "Symptomen", "der", "Panikstoerung", "bei", "schizophrenen", "Patienten", "vermehrt", "Aufmerksamkeit", "geschenkt", "werden", ",", "da", "diese", "moeglicherweise", ",", "wie", "in", "dem", "vorliegenden", "Fall", ",", "durch", "eine", "spezifische", "Pharmakotherapie", "und", "Psychotherapie", "gebessert", "werden", "koennen", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Objective is an umlsterm, aim is an umlsterm, clonidine is an umlsterm, ropivacaine is an umlsterm, epidural analgesia is an umlsterm, orthopedic surgery is an umlsterm, lower limbs is an umlsterm, side effects is an umlsterm	DerAnaesthesist.80470565.eng.abstr_task0	Sentence: Objective : The aim of this study was to in- vestigate preliminarydose-range effects of clonidine added to ropivacaine for epidural analgesia in elective orthopedic surgery of the lower limbs with doses , causing a minimum of cardiovascular side effects . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O" ]	Objective : The aim of this study was to in- vestigate preliminarydose-range effects of clonidine added to ropivacaine for epidural analgesia in elective orthopedic surgery of the lower limbs with doses , causing a minimum of cardiovascular side effects .	[ "Objective", ":", "The", "aim", "of", "this", "study", "was", "to", "in-", "vestigate", "preliminarydose", "-", "range", "effects", "of", "clonidine", "added", "to", "ropivacaine", "for", "epidural", "analgesia", "in", "elective", "orthopedic", "surgery", "of", "the", "lower", "limbs", "with", "doses", ",", "causing", "a", "minimum", "of", "cardiovascular", "side", "effects", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Objective is an umlsterm, aim is an umlsterm, clonidine is an umlsterm, ropivacaine is an umlsterm, epidural analgesia is an umlsterm, orthopedic surgery is an umlsterm, lower limbs is an umlsterm, side effects is an umlsterm	DerAnaesthesist.80470565.eng.abstr_task1	Sentence: Objective : The aim of this study was to in- vestigate preliminarydose-range effects of clonidine added to ropivacaine for epidural analgesia in elective orthopedic surgery of the lower limbs with doses , causing a minimum of cardiovascular side effects . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Objective, aim, clonidine, ropivacaine, epidural analgesia, orthopedic surgery, lower limbs, side effects Options: umlsterm	[ "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O" ]	Objective : The aim of this study was to in- vestigate preliminarydose-range effects of clonidine added to ropivacaine for epidural analgesia in elective orthopedic surgery of the lower limbs with doses , causing a minimum of cardiovascular side effects .	[ "Objective", ":", "The", "aim", "of", "this", "study", "was", "to", "in-", "vestigate", "preliminarydose", "-", "range", "effects", "of", "clonidine", "added", "to", "ropivacaine", "for", "epidural", "analgesia", "in", "elective", "orthopedic", "surgery", "of", "the", "lower", "limbs", "with", "doses", ",", "causing", "a", "minimum", "of", "cardiovascular", "side", "effects", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Objective, aim, clonidine, ropivacaine, epidural analgesia, orthopedic surgery, lower limbs, side effects	DerAnaesthesist.80470565.eng.abstr_task2	Sentence: Objective : The aim of this study was to in- vestigate preliminarydose-range effects of clonidine added to ropivacaine for epidural analgesia in elective orthopedic surgery of the lower limbs with doses , causing a minimum of cardiovascular side effects . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O" ]	Objective : The aim of this study was to in- vestigate preliminarydose-range effects of clonidine added to ropivacaine for epidural analgesia in elective orthopedic surgery of the lower limbs with doses , causing a minimum of cardiovascular side effects .	[ "Objective", ":", "The", "aim", "of", "this", "study", "was", "to", "in-", "vestigate", "preliminarydose", "-", "range", "effects", "of", "clonidine", "added", "to", "ropivacaine", "for", "epidural", "analgesia", "in", "elective", "orthopedic", "surgery", "of", "the", "lower", "limbs", "with", "doses", ",", "causing", "a", "minimum", "of", "cardiovascular", "side", "effects", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
efficacy is a Outcome_Other, safety is a Outcome_Other, cost - effectiveness is a Outcome_Other, hydrotalcite is a Intervention_Pharmacological, esomeprazole is a Intervention_Pharmacological, patients who quit is a Outcome_Other, rate of symptom relief is a Outcome_Physical, improvement of symptom score is a Outcome_Physical, weekly average number of days is a Outcome_Mental, 398 patients were recruited in the initial therapy group , among whom 253 were included in on - demand therapy , with 127 patients in the hydrotalcite group and the remaining 126 in the esomeprazole group . is a Participant_Condition	59492_task0	Sentence: The efficacy , safety and cost-effectiveness of hydrotalcite versus esomeprazole in on-demand therapy of NERD : A multicenter , randomized , open-label study in China . OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate whether hydrotalcite was comparable to esomeprazole , a proton pump inhibitor , in on-demand therapy for non-erosive reflux disease ( NERD ) . METHODS This was a multicenter , randomized , open-label clinical trial with initial and on-demand therapy . Patients who had complete symptom relief in the initial therapy were randomized to either hydrotalcite or esomeprazole in the on-demand therapy . The percentage of patients who quit on-demand therapy in the two groups and the cost-effectiveness of the treatment were evaluated as primary end points . The rate of symptom relief and the improvement of symptom score for initial therapy and the weekly average symptom score and weekly average number of days on treatment for on-demand therapy were evaluated as secondary end points . RESULTS In total , 398 patients were recruited in the initial therapy group , among whom 253 were included in on-demand therapy , with 127 patients in the hydrotalcite group and the remaining 126 in the esomeprazole group . 14 ( 11.0 % ) patients in the hydrotalcite group and six ( 4.8 % ) in the esomeprazole group quit the on-demand therapy due to unsatisfactory symptom control ( P = 0.065 ) . Cost-effectiveness calculated as the ratio of the cost of hydrotalcite to that of esomeprazole ( per person/day ) was 35.3 % in the on-demand therapy . Similar number of patients achieved symptom relief in both groups . CONCLUSION Hydrotalcite is a good option of on-demand therapy for NERD patients due to its cost-effectiveness and speed of action . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Outcome_Other, Outcome_Mental	[ "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	The efficacy , safety and cost-effectiveness of hydrotalcite versus esomeprazole in on-demand therapy of NERD : A multicenter , randomized , open-label study in China . OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate whether hydrotalcite was comparable to esomeprazole , a proton pump inhibitor , in on-demand therapy for non-erosive reflux disease ( NERD ) . METHODS This was a multicenter , randomized , open-label clinical trial with initial and on-demand therapy . Patients who had complete symptom relief in the initial therapy were randomized to either hydrotalcite or esomeprazole in the on-demand therapy . The percentage of patients who quit on-demand therapy in the two groups and the cost-effectiveness of the treatment were evaluated as primary end points . The rate of symptom relief and the improvement of symptom score for initial therapy and the weekly average symptom score and weekly average number of days on treatment for on-demand therapy were evaluated as secondary end points . RESULTS In total , 398 patients were recruited in the initial therapy group , among whom 253 were included in on-demand therapy , with 127 patients in the hydrotalcite group and the remaining 126 in the esomeprazole group . 14 ( 11.0 % ) patients in the hydrotalcite group and six ( 4.8 % ) in the esomeprazole group quit the on-demand therapy due to unsatisfactory symptom control ( P = 0.065 ) . Cost-effectiveness calculated as the ratio of the cost of hydrotalcite to that of esomeprazole ( per person/day ) was 35.3 % in the on-demand therapy . Similar number of patients achieved symptom relief in both groups . CONCLUSION Hydrotalcite is a good option of on-demand therapy for NERD patients due to its cost-effectiveness and speed of action .	[ "The", "efficacy", ",", "safety", "and", "cost", "-", "effectiveness", "of", "hydrotalcite", "versus", "esomeprazole", "in", "on", "-", "demand", "therapy", "of", "NERD", ":", "A", "multicenter", ",", "randomized", ",", "open", "-", "label", "study", "in", "China", ".", "OBJECTIVE", "The", "aim", "of", "the", "study", "was", "to", "investigate", "whether", "hydrotalcite", "was", "comparable", "to", "esomeprazole", ",", "a", "proton", "pump", "inhibitor", ",", "in", "on", "-", "demand", "therapy", "for", "non", "-", "erosive", "reflux", "disease", "(", "NERD", ")", ".", "METHODS", "This", "was", "a", "multicenter", ",", "randomized", ",", "open", "-", "label", "clinical", "trial", "with", "initial", "and", "on", "-", "demand", "therapy", ".", "Patients", "who", "had", "complete", "symptom", "relief", "in", "the", "initial", "therapy", "were", "randomized", "to", "either", "hydrotalcite", "or", "esomeprazole", "in", "the", "on", "-", "demand", "therapy", ".", "The", "percentage", "of", "patients", "who", "quit", "on", "-", "demand", "therapy", "in", "the", "two", "groups", "and", "the", "cost", "-", "effectiveness", "of", "the", "treatment", "were", "evaluated", "as", "primary", "end", "points", ".", "The", "rate", "of", "symptom", "relief", "and", "the", "improvement", "of", "symptom", "score", "for", "initial", "therapy", "and", "the", "weekly", "average", "symptom", "score", "and", "weekly", "average", "number", "of", "days", "on", "treatment", "for", "on", "-", "demand", "therapy", "were", "evaluated", "as", "secondary", "end", "points", ".", "RESULTS", "In", "total", ",", "398", "patients", "were", "recruited", "in", "the", "initial", "therapy", "group", ",", "among", "whom", "253", "were", "included", "in", "on", "-", "demand", "therapy", ",", "with", "127", "patients", "in", "the", "hydrotalcite", "group", "and", "the", "remaining", "126", "in", "the", "esomeprazole", "group", ".", "14", "(", "11.0", "%", ")", "patients", "in", "the", "hydrotalcite", "group", "and", "six", "(", "4.8", "%", ")", "in", "the", "esomeprazole", "group", "quit", "the", "on", "-", "demand", "therapy", "due", "to", "unsatisfactory", "symptom", "control", "(", "P", "=", "0.065", ")", ".", "Cost", "-", "effectiveness", "calculated", "as", "the", "ratio", "of", "the", "cost", "of", "hydrotalcite", "to", "that", "of", "esomeprazole", "(", "per", "person", "/", "day", ")", "was", "35.3", "%", "in", "the", "on", "-", "demand", "therapy", ".", "Similar", "number", "of", "patients", "achieved", "symptom", "relief", "in", "both", "groups", ".", "CONCLUSION", "Hydrotalcite", "is", "a", "good", "option", "of", "on", "-", "demand", "therapy", "for", "NERD", "patients", "due", "to", "its", "cost", "-", "effectiveness", "and", "speed", "of", "action", "." ]	[ "Participant_Condition", "Outcome_Mental", "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Pharmacological" ]
efficacy is a Outcome_Other, safety is a Outcome_Other, cost - effectiveness is a Outcome_Other, hydrotalcite is a Intervention_Pharmacological, esomeprazole is a Intervention_Pharmacological, patients who quit is a Outcome_Other, rate of symptom relief is a Outcome_Physical, improvement of symptom score is a Outcome_Physical, weekly average number of days is a Outcome_Mental, 398 patients were recruited in the initial therapy group , among whom 253 were included in on - demand therapy , with 127 patients in the hydrotalcite group and the remaining 126 in the esomeprazole group . is a Participant_Condition	59492_task1	Sentence: The efficacy , safety and cost-effectiveness of hydrotalcite versus esomeprazole in on-demand therapy of NERD : A multicenter , randomized , open-label study in China . OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate whether hydrotalcite was comparable to esomeprazole , a proton pump inhibitor , in on-demand therapy for non-erosive reflux disease ( NERD ) . METHODS This was a multicenter , randomized , open-label clinical trial with initial and on-demand therapy . Patients who had complete symptom relief in the initial therapy were randomized to either hydrotalcite or esomeprazole in the on-demand therapy . The percentage of patients who quit on-demand therapy in the two groups and the cost-effectiveness of the treatment were evaluated as primary end points . The rate of symptom relief and the improvement of symptom score for initial therapy and the weekly average symptom score and weekly average number of days on treatment for on-demand therapy were evaluated as secondary end points . RESULTS In total , 398 patients were recruited in the initial therapy group , among whom 253 were included in on-demand therapy , with 127 patients in the hydrotalcite group and the remaining 126 in the esomeprazole group . 14 ( 11.0 % ) patients in the hydrotalcite group and six ( 4.8 % ) in the esomeprazole group quit the on-demand therapy due to unsatisfactory symptom control ( P = 0.065 ) . Cost-effectiveness calculated as the ratio of the cost of hydrotalcite to that of esomeprazole ( per person/day ) was 35.3 % in the on-demand therapy . Similar number of patients achieved symptom relief in both groups . CONCLUSION Hydrotalcite is a good option of on-demand therapy for NERD patients due to its cost-effectiveness and speed of action . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: efficacy, safety, cost - effectiveness, hydrotalcite, esomeprazole, patients who quit, rate of symptom relief, improvement of symptom score, weekly average number of days, 398 patients were recruited in the initial therapy group , among whom 253 were included in on - demand therapy , with 127 patients in the hydrotalcite group and the remaining 126 in the esomeprazole group . Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Outcome_Other, Outcome_Mental	[ "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	The efficacy , safety and cost-effectiveness of hydrotalcite versus esomeprazole in on-demand therapy of NERD : A multicenter , randomized , open-label study in China . OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate whether hydrotalcite was comparable to esomeprazole , a proton pump inhibitor , in on-demand therapy for non-erosive reflux disease ( NERD ) . METHODS This was a multicenter , randomized , open-label clinical trial with initial and on-demand therapy . Patients who had complete symptom relief in the initial therapy were randomized to either hydrotalcite or esomeprazole in the on-demand therapy . The percentage of patients who quit on-demand therapy in the two groups and the cost-effectiveness of the treatment were evaluated as primary end points . The rate of symptom relief and the improvement of symptom score for initial therapy and the weekly average symptom score and weekly average number of days on treatment for on-demand therapy were evaluated as secondary end points . RESULTS In total , 398 patients were recruited in the initial therapy group , among whom 253 were included in on-demand therapy , with 127 patients in the hydrotalcite group and the remaining 126 in the esomeprazole group . 14 ( 11.0 % ) patients in the hydrotalcite group and six ( 4.8 % ) in the esomeprazole group quit the on-demand therapy due to unsatisfactory symptom control ( P = 0.065 ) . Cost-effectiveness calculated as the ratio of the cost of hydrotalcite to that of esomeprazole ( per person/day ) was 35.3 % in the on-demand therapy . Similar number of patients achieved symptom relief in both groups . CONCLUSION Hydrotalcite is a good option of on-demand therapy for NERD patients due to its cost-effectiveness and speed of action .	[ "The", "efficacy", ",", "safety", "and", "cost", "-", "effectiveness", "of", "hydrotalcite", "versus", "esomeprazole", "in", "on", "-", "demand", "therapy", "of", "NERD", ":", "A", "multicenter", ",", "randomized", ",", "open", "-", "label", "study", "in", "China", ".", "OBJECTIVE", "The", "aim", "of", "the", "study", "was", "to", "investigate", "whether", "hydrotalcite", "was", "comparable", "to", "esomeprazole", ",", "a", "proton", "pump", "inhibitor", ",", "in", "on", "-", "demand", "therapy", "for", "non", "-", "erosive", "reflux", "disease", "(", "NERD", ")", ".", "METHODS", "This", "was", "a", "multicenter", ",", "randomized", ",", "open", "-", "label", "clinical", "trial", "with", "initial", "and", "on", "-", "demand", "therapy", ".", "Patients", "who", "had", "complete", "symptom", "relief", "in", "the", "initial", "therapy", "were", "randomized", "to", "either", "hydrotalcite", "or", "esomeprazole", "in", "the", "on", "-", "demand", "therapy", ".", "The", "percentage", "of", "patients", "who", "quit", "on", "-", "demand", "therapy", "in", "the", "two", "groups", "and", "the", "cost", "-", "effectiveness", "of", "the", "treatment", "were", "evaluated", "as", "primary", "end", "points", ".", "The", "rate", "of", "symptom", "relief", "and", "the", "improvement", "of", "symptom", "score", "for", "initial", "therapy", "and", "the", "weekly", "average", "symptom", "score", "and", "weekly", "average", "number", "of", "days", "on", "treatment", "for", "on", "-", "demand", "therapy", "were", "evaluated", "as", "secondary", "end", "points", ".", "RESULTS", "In", "total", ",", "398", "patients", "were", "recruited", "in", "the", "initial", "therapy", "group", ",", "among", "whom", "253", "were", "included", "in", "on", "-", "demand", "therapy", ",", "with", "127", "patients", "in", "the", "hydrotalcite", "group", "and", "the", "remaining", "126", "in", "the", "esomeprazole", "group", ".", "14", "(", "11.0", "%", ")", "patients", "in", "the", "hydrotalcite", "group", "and", "six", "(", "4.8", "%", ")", "in", "the", "esomeprazole", "group", "quit", "the", "on", "-", "demand", "therapy", "due", "to", "unsatisfactory", "symptom", "control", "(", "P", "=", "0.065", ")", ".", "Cost", "-", "effectiveness", "calculated", "as", "the", "ratio", "of", "the", "cost", "of", "hydrotalcite", "to", "that", "of", "esomeprazole", "(", "per", "person", "/", "day", ")", "was", "35.3", "%", "in", "the", "on", "-", "demand", "therapy", ".", "Similar", "number", "of", "patients", "achieved", "symptom", "relief", "in", "both", "groups", ".", "CONCLUSION", "Hydrotalcite", "is", "a", "good", "option", "of", "on", "-", "demand", "therapy", "for", "NERD", "patients", "due", "to", "its", "cost", "-", "effectiveness", "and", "speed", "of", "action", "." ]	[ "Participant_Condition", "Outcome_Mental", "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Pharmacological" ]
efficacy, safety, cost - effectiveness, hydrotalcite, esomeprazole, patients who quit, rate of symptom relief, improvement of symptom score, weekly average number of days, 398 patients were recruited in the initial therapy group , among whom 253 were included in on - demand therapy , with 127 patients in the hydrotalcite group and the remaining 126 in the esomeprazole group .	59492_task2	Sentence: The efficacy , safety and cost-effectiveness of hydrotalcite versus esomeprazole in on-demand therapy of NERD : A multicenter , randomized , open-label study in China . OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate whether hydrotalcite was comparable to esomeprazole , a proton pump inhibitor , in on-demand therapy for non-erosive reflux disease ( NERD ) . METHODS This was a multicenter , randomized , open-label clinical trial with initial and on-demand therapy . Patients who had complete symptom relief in the initial therapy were randomized to either hydrotalcite or esomeprazole in the on-demand therapy . The percentage of patients who quit on-demand therapy in the two groups and the cost-effectiveness of the treatment were evaluated as primary end points . The rate of symptom relief and the improvement of symptom score for initial therapy and the weekly average symptom score and weekly average number of days on treatment for on-demand therapy were evaluated as secondary end points . RESULTS In total , 398 patients were recruited in the initial therapy group , among whom 253 were included in on-demand therapy , with 127 patients in the hydrotalcite group and the remaining 126 in the esomeprazole group . 14 ( 11.0 % ) patients in the hydrotalcite group and six ( 4.8 % ) in the esomeprazole group quit the on-demand therapy due to unsatisfactory symptom control ( P = 0.065 ) . Cost-effectiveness calculated as the ratio of the cost of hydrotalcite to that of esomeprazole ( per person/day ) was 35.3 % in the on-demand therapy . Similar number of patients achieved symptom relief in both groups . CONCLUSION Hydrotalcite is a good option of on-demand therapy for NERD patients due to its cost-effectiveness and speed of action . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	The efficacy , safety and cost-effectiveness of hydrotalcite versus esomeprazole in on-demand therapy of NERD : A multicenter , randomized , open-label study in China . OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate whether hydrotalcite was comparable to esomeprazole , a proton pump inhibitor , in on-demand therapy for non-erosive reflux disease ( NERD ) . METHODS This was a multicenter , randomized , open-label clinical trial with initial and on-demand therapy . Patients who had complete symptom relief in the initial therapy were randomized to either hydrotalcite or esomeprazole in the on-demand therapy . The percentage of patients who quit on-demand therapy in the two groups and the cost-effectiveness of the treatment were evaluated as primary end points . The rate of symptom relief and the improvement of symptom score for initial therapy and the weekly average symptom score and weekly average number of days on treatment for on-demand therapy were evaluated as secondary end points . RESULTS In total , 398 patients were recruited in the initial therapy group , among whom 253 were included in on-demand therapy , with 127 patients in the hydrotalcite group and the remaining 126 in the esomeprazole group . 14 ( 11.0 % ) patients in the hydrotalcite group and six ( 4.8 % ) in the esomeprazole group quit the on-demand therapy due to unsatisfactory symptom control ( P = 0.065 ) . Cost-effectiveness calculated as the ratio of the cost of hydrotalcite to that of esomeprazole ( per person/day ) was 35.3 % in the on-demand therapy . Similar number of patients achieved symptom relief in both groups . CONCLUSION Hydrotalcite is a good option of on-demand therapy for NERD patients due to its cost-effectiveness and speed of action .	[ "The", "efficacy", ",", "safety", "and", "cost", "-", "effectiveness", "of", "hydrotalcite", "versus", "esomeprazole", "in", "on", "-", "demand", "therapy", "of", "NERD", ":", "A", "multicenter", ",", "randomized", ",", "open", "-", "label", "study", "in", "China", ".", "OBJECTIVE", "The", "aim", "of", "the", "study", "was", "to", "investigate", "whether", "hydrotalcite", "was", "comparable", "to", "esomeprazole", ",", "a", "proton", "pump", "inhibitor", ",", "in", "on", "-", "demand", "therapy", "for", "non", "-", "erosive", "reflux", "disease", "(", "NERD", ")", ".", "METHODS", "This", "was", "a", "multicenter", ",", "randomized", ",", "open", "-", "label", "clinical", "trial", "with", "initial", "and", "on", "-", "demand", "therapy", ".", "Patients", "who", "had", "complete", "symptom", "relief", "in", "the", "initial", "therapy", "were", "randomized", "to", "either", "hydrotalcite", "or", "esomeprazole", "in", "the", "on", "-", "demand", "therapy", ".", "The", "percentage", "of", "patients", "who", "quit", "on", "-", "demand", "therapy", "in", "the", "two", "groups", "and", "the", "cost", "-", "effectiveness", "of", "the", "treatment", "were", "evaluated", "as", "primary", "end", "points", ".", "The", "rate", "of", "symptom", "relief", "and", "the", "improvement", "of", "symptom", "score", "for", "initial", "therapy", "and", "the", "weekly", "average", "symptom", "score", "and", "weekly", "average", "number", "of", "days", "on", "treatment", "for", "on", "-", "demand", "therapy", "were", "evaluated", "as", "secondary", "end", "points", ".", "RESULTS", "In", "total", ",", "398", "patients", "were", "recruited", "in", "the", "initial", "therapy", "group", ",", "among", "whom", "253", "were", "included", "in", "on", "-", "demand", "therapy", ",", "with", "127", "patients", "in", "the", "hydrotalcite", "group", "and", "the", "remaining", "126", "in", "the", "esomeprazole", "group", ".", "14", "(", "11.0", "%", ")", "patients", "in", "the", "hydrotalcite", "group", "and", "six", "(", "4.8", "%", ")", "in", "the", "esomeprazole", "group", "quit", "the", "on", "-", "demand", "therapy", "due", "to", "unsatisfactory", "symptom", "control", "(", "P", "=", "0.065", ")", ".", "Cost", "-", "effectiveness", "calculated", "as", "the", "ratio", "of", "the", "cost", "of", "hydrotalcite", "to", "that", "of", "esomeprazole", "(", "per", "person", "/", "day", ")", "was", "35.3", "%", "in", "the", "on", "-", "demand", "therapy", ".", "Similar", "number", "of", "patients", "achieved", "symptom", "relief", "in", "both", "groups", ".", "CONCLUSION", "Hydrotalcite", "is", "a", "good", "option", "of", "on", "-", "demand", "therapy", "for", "NERD", "patients", "due", "to", "its", "cost", "-", "effectiveness", "and", "speed", "of", "action", "." ]	[ "Participant_Condition", "Outcome_Mental", "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Pharmacological" ]
patient is an umlsterm, amaurosis fugax is an umlsterm, fracture is an umlsterm, angiography is an umlsterm, MRI angiography is an umlsterm, ophthalmic artery is an umlsterm, dissection is an umlsterm, internal carotid artery is an umlsterm, thrombosis is an umlsterm, perfusion is an umlsterm, cerebral arteries is an umlsterm, cerebrum is an umlsterm, amaurosis is an umlsterm, cause is an umlsterm, etiology is an umlsterm, diagnosis is an umlsterm, therapy is an umlsterm	MundKieferGesichtschirurgie.80020209.eng.abstr_task0	Sentence: The case of a 30-year-old patient is reported who presented with a right-sided amaurosis fugax and a simultaneous frontobasal fracture that had occurred after a fall . By CT angiography and MRI angiography obstruction of the ophthalmic artery following a dissection of the internal carotid artery with ascending thrombosis could be demonstrated . There was a lack of further neurological deficits because of sufficient perfusion of the cerebral arteries by the arterial circle of the cerebrum . Among the etiological variety of types of post-traumatic amaurosis , this rare cause should be taken into consideration in the etiology , diagnosis and therapy , if appropriate . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	The case of a 30-year-old patient is reported who presented with a right-sided amaurosis fugax and a simultaneous frontobasal fracture that had occurred after a fall . By CT angiography and MRI angiography obstruction of the ophthalmic artery following a dissection of the internal carotid artery with ascending thrombosis could be demonstrated . There was a lack of further neurological deficits because of sufficient perfusion of the cerebral arteries by the arterial circle of the cerebrum . Among the etiological variety of types of post-traumatic amaurosis , this rare cause should be taken into consideration in the etiology , diagnosis and therapy , if appropriate .	[ "The", "case", "of", "a", "30-year", "-", "old", "patient", "is", "reported", "who", "presented", "with", "a", "right", "-", "sided", "amaurosis", "fugax", "and", "a", "simultaneous", "frontobasal", "fracture", "that", "had", "occurred", "after", "a", "fall", ".", "By", "CT", "angiography", "and", "MRI", "angiography", "obstruction", "of", "the", "ophthalmic", "artery", "following", "a", "dissection", "of", "the", "internal", "carotid", "artery", "with", "ascending", "thrombosis", "could", "be", "demonstrated", ".", "There", "was", "a", "lack", "of", "further", "neurological", "deficits", "because", "of", "sufficient", "perfusion", "of", "the", "cerebral", "arteries", "by", "the", "arterial", "circle", "of", "the", "cerebrum", ".", "Among", "the", "etiological", "variety", "of", "types", "of", "post", "-", "traumatic", "amaurosis", ",", "this", "rare", "cause", "should", "be", "taken", "into", "consideration", "in", "the", "etiology", ",", "diagnosis", "and", "therapy", ",", "if", "appropriate", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
patient is an umlsterm, amaurosis fugax is an umlsterm, fracture is an umlsterm, angiography is an umlsterm, MRI angiography is an umlsterm, ophthalmic artery is an umlsterm, dissection is an umlsterm, internal carotid artery is an umlsterm, thrombosis is an umlsterm, perfusion is an umlsterm, cerebral arteries is an umlsterm, cerebrum is an umlsterm, amaurosis is an umlsterm, cause is an umlsterm, etiology is an umlsterm, diagnosis is an umlsterm, therapy is an umlsterm	MundKieferGesichtschirurgie.80020209.eng.abstr_task1	Sentence: The case of a 30-year-old patient is reported who presented with a right-sided amaurosis fugax and a simultaneous frontobasal fracture that had occurred after a fall . By CT angiography and MRI angiography obstruction of the ophthalmic artery following a dissection of the internal carotid artery with ascending thrombosis could be demonstrated . There was a lack of further neurological deficits because of sufficient perfusion of the cerebral arteries by the arterial circle of the cerebrum . Among the etiological variety of types of post-traumatic amaurosis , this rare cause should be taken into consideration in the etiology , diagnosis and therapy , if appropriate . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: patient, amaurosis fugax, fracture, angiography, MRI angiography, ophthalmic artery, dissection, internal carotid artery, thrombosis, perfusion, cerebral arteries, cerebrum, amaurosis, cause, etiology, diagnosis, therapy Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	The case of a 30-year-old patient is reported who presented with a right-sided amaurosis fugax and a simultaneous frontobasal fracture that had occurred after a fall . By CT angiography and MRI angiography obstruction of the ophthalmic artery following a dissection of the internal carotid artery with ascending thrombosis could be demonstrated . There was a lack of further neurological deficits because of sufficient perfusion of the cerebral arteries by the arterial circle of the cerebrum . Among the etiological variety of types of post-traumatic amaurosis , this rare cause should be taken into consideration in the etiology , diagnosis and therapy , if appropriate .	[ "The", "case", "of", "a", "30-year", "-", "old", "patient", "is", "reported", "who", "presented", "with", "a", "right", "-", "sided", "amaurosis", "fugax", "and", "a", "simultaneous", "frontobasal", "fracture", "that", "had", "occurred", "after", "a", "fall", ".", "By", "CT", "angiography", "and", "MRI", "angiography", "obstruction", "of", "the", "ophthalmic", "artery", "following", "a", "dissection", "of", "the", "internal", "carotid", "artery", "with", "ascending", "thrombosis", "could", "be", "demonstrated", ".", "There", "was", "a", "lack", "of", "further", "neurological", "deficits", "because", "of", "sufficient", "perfusion", "of", "the", "cerebral", "arteries", "by", "the", "arterial", "circle", "of", "the", "cerebrum", ".", "Among", "the", "etiological", "variety", "of", "types", "of", "post", "-", "traumatic", "amaurosis", ",", "this", "rare", "cause", "should", "be", "taken", "into", "consideration", "in", "the", "etiology", ",", "diagnosis", "and", "therapy", ",", "if", "appropriate", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
patient, amaurosis fugax, fracture, angiography, MRI angiography, ophthalmic artery, dissection, internal carotid artery, thrombosis, perfusion, cerebral arteries, cerebrum, amaurosis, cause, etiology, diagnosis, therapy	MundKieferGesichtschirurgie.80020209.eng.abstr_task2	Sentence: The case of a 30-year-old patient is reported who presented with a right-sided amaurosis fugax and a simultaneous frontobasal fracture that had occurred after a fall . By CT angiography and MRI angiography obstruction of the ophthalmic artery following a dissection of the internal carotid artery with ascending thrombosis could be demonstrated . There was a lack of further neurological deficits because of sufficient perfusion of the cerebral arteries by the arterial circle of the cerebrum . Among the etiological variety of types of post-traumatic amaurosis , this rare cause should be taken into consideration in the etiology , diagnosis and therapy , if appropriate . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	The case of a 30-year-old patient is reported who presented with a right-sided amaurosis fugax and a simultaneous frontobasal fracture that had occurred after a fall . By CT angiography and MRI angiography obstruction of the ophthalmic artery following a dissection of the internal carotid artery with ascending thrombosis could be demonstrated . There was a lack of further neurological deficits because of sufficient perfusion of the cerebral arteries by the arterial circle of the cerebrum . Among the etiological variety of types of post-traumatic amaurosis , this rare cause should be taken into consideration in the etiology , diagnosis and therapy , if appropriate .	[ "The", "case", "of", "a", "30-year", "-", "old", "patient", "is", "reported", "who", "presented", "with", "a", "right", "-", "sided", "amaurosis", "fugax", "and", "a", "simultaneous", "frontobasal", "fracture", "that", "had", "occurred", "after", "a", "fall", ".", "By", "CT", "angiography", "and", "MRI", "angiography", "obstruction", "of", "the", "ophthalmic", "artery", "following", "a", "dissection", "of", "the", "internal", "carotid", "artery", "with", "ascending", "thrombosis", "could", "be", "demonstrated", ".", "There", "was", "a", "lack", "of", "further", "neurological", "deficits", "because", "of", "sufficient", "perfusion", "of", "the", "cerebral", "arteries", "by", "the", "arterial", "circle", "of", "the", "cerebrum", ".", "Among", "the", "etiological", "variety", "of", "types", "of", "post", "-", "traumatic", "amaurosis", ",", "this", "rare", "cause", "should", "be", "taken", "into", "consideration", "in", "the", "etiology", ",", "diagnosis", "and", "therapy", ",", "if", "appropriate", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
PIAS1 is a Protein, PIAS4 is a Protein, ATM is a Protein, ATR is a Protein, PRKDC is a Protein, histone H2AX is a Protein, H2AFX is a Protein, MDC1 is a Protein, 53BP1 is a Protein, TP53BP1 is a Protein, BRCA1 is a Protein, CtIP is a Protein, RBBP8 is a Protein, RNF8 is a Protein, RNF168 is a Protein, RIDDLIN is a Protein, SUMO1 is a Protein, SUMO2 is a Protein, SUMO3 is a Protein, SUMO1 is a Protein, PIAS4 is a Protein, PIAS1 is a Protein, PIAS1 is a Protein, PIAS4 is a Protein, 53BP1 is a Protein, BRCA1 is a Protein, RNF168 is a Protein, PIAS1 is a Protein, PIAS4 is a Protein, PIAS1 is a Protein, PIAS4 is a Protein, ubiquitin is a Protein, RNF8 is a Protein, RNF168 is a Protein, BRCA1 is a Protein, PIAS1 is a Protein, PIAS4 is a Protein	459_task0	Sentence: Mammalian SUMO E3-ligases PIAS1 and PIAS4 promote responses to DNA double-strand breaks. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are highly cytotoxic lesions that are generated by ionizing radiation and various DNA-damaging chemicals. Following DSB formation, cells activate the DNA-damage response (DDR) protein kinases ATM, ATR and DNA-PK (also known as PRKDC). These then trigger histone H2AX (also known as H2AFX) phosphorylation and the accumulation of proteins such as MDC1, 53BP1 (also known as TP53BP1), BRCA1, CtIP (also known as RBBP8), RNF8 and RNF168/RIDDLIN into ionizing radiation-induced foci (IRIF) that amplify DSB signalling and promote DSB repair. Attachment of small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) to target proteins controls diverse cellular functions. Here, we show that SUMO1, SUMO2 and SUMO3 accumulate at DSB sites in mammalian cells, with SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 accrual requiring the E3 ligase enzymes PIAS4 and PIAS1. We also establish that PIAS1 and PIAS4 are recruited to damage sites via mechanisms requiring their SAP domains, and are needed for the productive association of 53BP1, BRCA1 and RNF168 with such regions. Furthermore, we show that PIAS1 and PIAS4 promote DSB repair and confer ionizing radiation resistance. Finally, we establish that PIAS1 and PIAS4 are required for effective ubiquitin-adduct formation mediated by RNF8, RNF168 and BRCA1 at sites of DNA damage. These findings thus identify PIAS1 and PIAS4 as components of the DDR and reveal how protein recruitment to DSB sites is controlled by coordinated SUMOylation and ubiquitylation. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Mammalian SUMO E3-ligases PIAS1 and PIAS4 promote responses to DNA double-strand breaks. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are highly cytotoxic lesions that are generated by ionizing radiation and various DNA-damaging chemicals. Following DSB formation, cells activate the DNA-damage response (DDR) protein kinases ATM, ATR and DNA-PK (also known as PRKDC). These then trigger histone H2AX (also known as H2AFX) phosphorylation and the accumulation of proteins such as MDC1, 53BP1 (also known as TP53BP1), BRCA1, CtIP (also known as RBBP8), RNF8 and RNF168/RIDDLIN into ionizing radiation-induced foci (IRIF) that amplify DSB signalling and promote DSB repair. Attachment of small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) to target proteins controls diverse cellular functions. Here, we show that SUMO1, SUMO2 and SUMO3 accumulate at DSB sites in mammalian cells, with SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 accrual requiring the E3 ligase enzymes PIAS4 and PIAS1. We also establish that PIAS1 and PIAS4 are recruited to damage sites via mechanisms requiring their SAP domains, and are needed for the productive association of 53BP1, BRCA1 and RNF168 with such regions. Furthermore, we show that PIAS1 and PIAS4 promote DSB repair and confer ionizing radiation resistance. Finally, we establish that PIAS1 and PIAS4 are required for effective ubiquitin-adduct formation mediated by RNF8, RNF168 and BRCA1 at sites of DNA damage. These findings thus identify PIAS1 and PIAS4 as components of the DDR and reveal how protein recruitment to DSB sites is controlled by coordinated SUMOylation and ubiquitylation.	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PIAS1 is a Protein, PIAS4 is a Protein, ATM is a Protein, ATR is a Protein, PRKDC is a Protein, histone H2AX is a Protein, H2AFX is a Protein, MDC1 is a Protein, 53BP1 is a Protein, TP53BP1 is a Protein, BRCA1 is a Protein, CtIP is a Protein, RBBP8 is a Protein, RNF8 is a Protein, RNF168 is a Protein, RIDDLIN is a Protein, SUMO1 is a Protein, SUMO2 is a Protein, SUMO3 is a Protein, SUMO1 is a Protein, PIAS4 is a Protein, PIAS1 is a Protein, PIAS1 is a Protein, PIAS4 is a Protein, 53BP1 is a Protein, BRCA1 is a Protein, RNF168 is a Protein, PIAS1 is a Protein, PIAS4 is a Protein, PIAS1 is a Protein, PIAS4 is a Protein, ubiquitin is a Protein, RNF8 is a Protein, RNF168 is a Protein, BRCA1 is a Protein, PIAS1 is a Protein, PIAS4 is a Protein	459_task1	Sentence: Mammalian SUMO E3-ligases PIAS1 and PIAS4 promote responses to DNA double-strand breaks. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are highly cytotoxic lesions that are generated by ionizing radiation and various DNA-damaging chemicals. Following DSB formation, cells activate the DNA-damage response (DDR) protein kinases ATM, ATR and DNA-PK (also known as PRKDC). These then trigger histone H2AX (also known as H2AFX) phosphorylation and the accumulation of proteins such as MDC1, 53BP1 (also known as TP53BP1), BRCA1, CtIP (also known as RBBP8), RNF8 and RNF168/RIDDLIN into ionizing radiation-induced foci (IRIF) that amplify DSB signalling and promote DSB repair. Attachment of small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) to target proteins controls diverse cellular functions. Here, we show that SUMO1, SUMO2 and SUMO3 accumulate at DSB sites in mammalian cells, with SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 accrual requiring the E3 ligase enzymes PIAS4 and PIAS1. We also establish that PIAS1 and PIAS4 are recruited to damage sites via mechanisms requiring their SAP domains, and are needed for the productive association of 53BP1, BRCA1 and RNF168 with such regions. Furthermore, we show that PIAS1 and PIAS4 promote DSB repair and confer ionizing radiation resistance. Finally, we establish that PIAS1 and PIAS4 are required for effective ubiquitin-adduct formation mediated by RNF8, RNF168 and BRCA1 at sites of DNA damage. These findings thus identify PIAS1 and PIAS4 as components of the DDR and reveal how protein recruitment to DSB sites is controlled by coordinated SUMOylation and ubiquitylation. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: PIAS1, PIAS4, ATM, ATR, PRKDC, histone H2AX, H2AFX, MDC1, 53BP1, TP53BP1, BRCA1, CtIP, RBBP8, RNF8, RNF168, RIDDLIN, SUMO1, SUMO2, SUMO3, SUMO1, PIAS4, PIAS1, PIAS1, PIAS4, 53BP1, BRCA1, RNF168, PIAS1, PIAS4, PIAS1, PIAS4, ubiquitin, RNF8, RNF168, BRCA1, PIAS1, PIAS4 Options: Protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Mammalian SUMO E3-ligases PIAS1 and PIAS4 promote responses to DNA double-strand breaks. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are highly cytotoxic lesions that are generated by ionizing radiation and various DNA-damaging chemicals. Following DSB formation, cells activate the DNA-damage response (DDR) protein kinases ATM, ATR and DNA-PK (also known as PRKDC). These then trigger histone H2AX (also known as H2AFX) phosphorylation and the accumulation of proteins such as MDC1, 53BP1 (also known as TP53BP1), BRCA1, CtIP (also known as RBBP8), RNF8 and RNF168/RIDDLIN into ionizing radiation-induced foci (IRIF) that amplify DSB signalling and promote DSB repair. Attachment of small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) to target proteins controls diverse cellular functions. Here, we show that SUMO1, SUMO2 and SUMO3 accumulate at DSB sites in mammalian cells, with SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 accrual requiring the E3 ligase enzymes PIAS4 and PIAS1. We also establish that PIAS1 and PIAS4 are recruited to damage sites via mechanisms requiring their SAP domains, and are needed for the productive association of 53BP1, BRCA1 and RNF168 with such regions. Furthermore, we show that PIAS1 and PIAS4 promote DSB repair and confer ionizing radiation resistance. Finally, we establish that PIAS1 and PIAS4 are required for effective ubiquitin-adduct formation mediated by RNF8, RNF168 and BRCA1 at sites of DNA damage. These findings thus identify PIAS1 and PIAS4 as components of the DDR and reveal how protein recruitment to DSB sites is controlled by coordinated SUMOylation and ubiquitylation.	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PIAS1, PIAS4, ATM, ATR, PRKDC, histone H2AX, H2AFX, MDC1, 53BP1, TP53BP1, BRCA1, CtIP, RBBP8, RNF8, RNF168, RIDDLIN, SUMO1, SUMO2, SUMO3, SUMO1, PIAS4, PIAS1, PIAS1, PIAS4, 53BP1, BRCA1, RNF168, PIAS1, PIAS4, PIAS1, PIAS4, ubiquitin, RNF8, RNF168, BRCA1, PIAS1, PIAS4	459_task2	Sentence: Mammalian SUMO E3-ligases PIAS1 and PIAS4 promote responses to DNA double-strand breaks. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are highly cytotoxic lesions that are generated by ionizing radiation and various DNA-damaging chemicals. Following DSB formation, cells activate the DNA-damage response (DDR) protein kinases ATM, ATR and DNA-PK (also known as PRKDC). These then trigger histone H2AX (also known as H2AFX) phosphorylation and the accumulation of proteins such as MDC1, 53BP1 (also known as TP53BP1), BRCA1, CtIP (also known as RBBP8), RNF8 and RNF168/RIDDLIN into ionizing radiation-induced foci (IRIF) that amplify DSB signalling and promote DSB repair. Attachment of small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) to target proteins controls diverse cellular functions. Here, we show that SUMO1, SUMO2 and SUMO3 accumulate at DSB sites in mammalian cells, with SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 accrual requiring the E3 ligase enzymes PIAS4 and PIAS1. We also establish that PIAS1 and PIAS4 are recruited to damage sites via mechanisms requiring their SAP domains, and are needed for the productive association of 53BP1, BRCA1 and RNF168 with such regions. Furthermore, we show that PIAS1 and PIAS4 promote DSB repair and confer ionizing radiation resistance. Finally, we establish that PIAS1 and PIAS4 are required for effective ubiquitin-adduct formation mediated by RNF8, RNF168 and BRCA1 at sites of DNA damage. These findings thus identify PIAS1 and PIAS4 as components of the DDR and reveal how protein recruitment to DSB sites is controlled by coordinated SUMOylation and ubiquitylation. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Mammalian SUMO E3-ligases PIAS1 and PIAS4 promote responses to DNA double-strand breaks. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are highly cytotoxic lesions that are generated by ionizing radiation and various DNA-damaging chemicals. Following DSB formation, cells activate the DNA-damage response (DDR) protein kinases ATM, ATR and DNA-PK (also known as PRKDC). These then trigger histone H2AX (also known as H2AFX) phosphorylation and the accumulation of proteins such as MDC1, 53BP1 (also known as TP53BP1), BRCA1, CtIP (also known as RBBP8), RNF8 and RNF168/RIDDLIN into ionizing radiation-induced foci (IRIF) that amplify DSB signalling and promote DSB repair. Attachment of small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) to target proteins controls diverse cellular functions. Here, we show that SUMO1, SUMO2 and SUMO3 accumulate at DSB sites in mammalian cells, with SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 accrual requiring the E3 ligase enzymes PIAS4 and PIAS1. We also establish that PIAS1 and PIAS4 are recruited to damage sites via mechanisms requiring their SAP domains, and are needed for the productive association of 53BP1, BRCA1 and RNF168 with such regions. Furthermore, we show that PIAS1 and PIAS4 promote DSB repair and confer ionizing radiation resistance. Finally, we establish that PIAS1 and PIAS4 are required for effective ubiquitin-adduct formation mediated by RNF8, RNF168 and BRCA1 at sites of DNA damage. These findings thus identify PIAS1 and PIAS4 as components of the DDR and reveal how protein recruitment to DSB sites is controlled by coordinated SUMOylation and ubiquitylation.	[ "Mammalian", "SUMO", "E3-ligases", "PIAS1", "and", "PIAS4", "promote", "responses", "to", "DNA", "double", "-", "strand", "breaks", ".", "\n", "DNA", "double", "-", "strand", "breaks", "(", "DSBs", ")", "are", "highly", "cytotoxic", "lesions", "that", "are", "generated", "by", "ionizing", "radiation", "and", "various", "DNA", "-", "damaging", "chemicals", ".", "Following", "DSB", "formation", ",", "cells", "activate", "the", "DNA", "-", "damage", "response", "(", "DDR", ")", "protein", "kinases", "ATM", ",", "ATR", "and", "DNA", "-", "PK", "(", "also", "known", "as", "PRKDC", ")", ".", "These", "then", "trigger", "histone", "H2AX", "(", "also", "known", "as", "H2AFX", ")", "phosphorylation", "and", "the", "accumulation", "of", "proteins", "such", "as", "MDC1", ",", "53BP1", "(", "also", "known", "as", "TP53BP1", ")", ",", "BRCA1", ",", "CtIP", "(", "also", "known", "as", "RBBP8", ")", ",", "RNF8", "and", "RNF168", "/", "RIDDLIN", "into", "ionizing", "radiation", "-", "induced", "foci", "(", "IRIF", ")", "that", "amplify", "DSB", "signalling", "and", "promote", "DSB", "repair", ".", "Attachment", "of", "small", "ubiquitin", "-", "related", "modifier", "(", "SUMO", ")", "to", "target", "proteins", "controls", "diverse", "cellular", "functions", ".", "Here", ",", "we", "show", "that", "SUMO1", ",", "SUMO2", "and", "SUMO3", "accumulate", "at", "DSB", "sites", "in", "mammalian", "cells", ",", "with", "SUMO1", "and", "SUMO2/3", "accrual", "requiring", "the", "E3", "ligase", "enzymes", "PIAS4", "and", "PIAS1", ".", "We", "also", "establish", "that", "PIAS1", "and", "PIAS4", "are", "recruited", "to", "damage", "sites", "via", "mechanisms", "requiring", "their", "SAP", "domains", ",", "and", "are", "needed", "for", "the", "productive", "association", "of", "53BP1", ",", "BRCA1", "and", "RNF168", "with", "such", "regions", ".", "Furthermore", ",", "we", "show", "that", "PIAS1", "and", "PIAS4", "promote", "DSB", "repair", "and", "confer", "ionizing", "radiation", "resistance", ".", "Finally", ",", "we", "establish", "that", "PIAS1", "and", "PIAS4", "are", "required", "for", "effective", "ubiquitin", "-", "adduct", "formation", "mediated", "by", "RNF8", ",", "RNF168", "and", "BRCA1", "at", "sites", "of", "DNA", "damage", ".", "These", "findings", "thus", "identify", "PIAS1", "and", "PIAS4", "as", "components", "of", "the", "DDR", "and", "reveal", "how", "protein", "recruitment", "to", "DSB", "sites", "is", "controlled", "by", "coordinated", "SUMOylation", "and", "ubiquitylation", ".", "\n" ]	[ "Protein" ]
GATA-2 is a Protein, estrogen receptor is a Protein, GATA-1 is a Protein, GATA-2 is a Protein, GATA-3 is a Protein, estrogen receptor is a Protein, ER is a Protein, ER is a Protein, GATA-2 is a Protein, ER is a Protein, GATA-2 is a Protein, ER is a Protein, GATA-2 is a Protein, ER is a Protein, GATA-3 is a Protein, ER is a Protein, GATA-2 is a Protein	547_task0	Sentence: Ectopic expression of a conditional GATA-2/estrogen receptor chimera arrests erythroid differentiation in a hormone-dependent manner. The GATA factors are a family of transcriptional regulatory proteins in eukaryotes that share extensive homology in their DNA-binding domains. One enigmatic aspect of GATA factor expression is that several GATA proteins, which ostensibly share the same DNA-binding site specificity, are coexpressed in erythroid cells. To elucidate the roles of individual GATA factors in erythropoiesis, conditional alleles of GATA-1, GATA-2, and GATA-3 were prepared by fusing each of the factors to the hormone-binding domain of the human estrogen receptor (ER). These GATA/ER chimeric factors were shown to be hormone-inducible trans-activating proteins in transient transfection assays. When stably introduced into primary erythroblasts or conditionally transformed erythroid progenitors cells, exogenous GATA-2/ER promoted proliferation and inhibited terminal differentiation in an estrogen-dependent manner. These phenotypic effects are specifically attributable to the action of ectopically expressed GATA-2/ER because erythroblasts expressing exogenous GATA-2 are constitutively arrested in differentiation and because erythroid progenitors expressing either Gal/ER or GATA-3/ER do not display a hormone-responsive block in differentiation. Thus, the GATA-2 transcription factor appears to play a role in regulating the self-renewal capacity of early erythroid progenitor cells. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Ectopic expression of a conditional GATA-2/estrogen receptor chimera arrests erythroid differentiation in a hormone-dependent manner. The GATA factors are a family of transcriptional regulatory proteins in eukaryotes that share extensive homology in their DNA-binding domains. One enigmatic aspect of GATA factor expression is that several GATA proteins, which ostensibly share the same DNA-binding site specificity, are coexpressed in erythroid cells. To elucidate the roles of individual GATA factors in erythropoiesis, conditional alleles of GATA-1, GATA-2, and GATA-3 were prepared by fusing each of the factors to the hormone-binding domain of the human estrogen receptor (ER). These GATA/ER chimeric factors were shown to be hormone-inducible trans-activating proteins in transient transfection assays. When stably introduced into primary erythroblasts or conditionally transformed erythroid progenitors cells, exogenous GATA-2/ER promoted proliferation and inhibited terminal differentiation in an estrogen-dependent manner. These phenotypic effects are specifically attributable to the action of ectopically expressed GATA-2/ER because erythroblasts expressing exogenous GATA-2 are constitutively arrested in differentiation and because erythroid progenitors expressing either Gal/ER or GATA-3/ER do not display a hormone-responsive block in differentiation. Thus, the GATA-2 transcription factor appears to play a role in regulating the self-renewal capacity of early erythroid progenitor cells.	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GATA-2 is a Protein, estrogen receptor is a Protein, GATA-1 is a Protein, GATA-2 is a Protein, GATA-3 is a Protein, estrogen receptor is a Protein, ER is a Protein, ER is a Protein, GATA-2 is a Protein, ER is a Protein, GATA-2 is a Protein, ER is a Protein, GATA-2 is a Protein, ER is a Protein, GATA-3 is a Protein, ER is a Protein, GATA-2 is a Protein	547_task1	Sentence: Ectopic expression of a conditional GATA-2/estrogen receptor chimera arrests erythroid differentiation in a hormone-dependent manner. The GATA factors are a family of transcriptional regulatory proteins in eukaryotes that share extensive homology in their DNA-binding domains. One enigmatic aspect of GATA factor expression is that several GATA proteins, which ostensibly share the same DNA-binding site specificity, are coexpressed in erythroid cells. To elucidate the roles of individual GATA factors in erythropoiesis, conditional alleles of GATA-1, GATA-2, and GATA-3 were prepared by fusing each of the factors to the hormone-binding domain of the human estrogen receptor (ER). These GATA/ER chimeric factors were shown to be hormone-inducible trans-activating proteins in transient transfection assays. When stably introduced into primary erythroblasts or conditionally transformed erythroid progenitors cells, exogenous GATA-2/ER promoted proliferation and inhibited terminal differentiation in an estrogen-dependent manner. These phenotypic effects are specifically attributable to the action of ectopically expressed GATA-2/ER because erythroblasts expressing exogenous GATA-2 are constitutively arrested in differentiation and because erythroid progenitors expressing either Gal/ER or GATA-3/ER do not display a hormone-responsive block in differentiation. Thus, the GATA-2 transcription factor appears to play a role in regulating the self-renewal capacity of early erythroid progenitor cells. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: GATA-2, estrogen receptor, GATA-1, GATA-2, GATA-3, estrogen receptor, ER, ER, GATA-2, ER, GATA-2, ER, GATA-2, ER, GATA-3, ER, GATA-2 Options: Protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Ectopic expression of a conditional GATA-2/estrogen receptor chimera arrests erythroid differentiation in a hormone-dependent manner. The GATA factors are a family of transcriptional regulatory proteins in eukaryotes that share extensive homology in their DNA-binding domains. One enigmatic aspect of GATA factor expression is that several GATA proteins, which ostensibly share the same DNA-binding site specificity, are coexpressed in erythroid cells. To elucidate the roles of individual GATA factors in erythropoiesis, conditional alleles of GATA-1, GATA-2, and GATA-3 were prepared by fusing each of the factors to the hormone-binding domain of the human estrogen receptor (ER). These GATA/ER chimeric factors were shown to be hormone-inducible trans-activating proteins in transient transfection assays. When stably introduced into primary erythroblasts or conditionally transformed erythroid progenitors cells, exogenous GATA-2/ER promoted proliferation and inhibited terminal differentiation in an estrogen-dependent manner. These phenotypic effects are specifically attributable to the action of ectopically expressed GATA-2/ER because erythroblasts expressing exogenous GATA-2 are constitutively arrested in differentiation and because erythroid progenitors expressing either Gal/ER or GATA-3/ER do not display a hormone-responsive block in differentiation. Thus, the GATA-2 transcription factor appears to play a role in regulating the self-renewal capacity of early erythroid progenitor cells.	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GATA-2, estrogen receptor, GATA-1, GATA-2, GATA-3, estrogen receptor, ER, ER, GATA-2, ER, GATA-2, ER, GATA-2, ER, GATA-3, ER, GATA-2	547_task2	Sentence: Ectopic expression of a conditional GATA-2/estrogen receptor chimera arrests erythroid differentiation in a hormone-dependent manner. The GATA factors are a family of transcriptional regulatory proteins in eukaryotes that share extensive homology in their DNA-binding domains. One enigmatic aspect of GATA factor expression is that several GATA proteins, which ostensibly share the same DNA-binding site specificity, are coexpressed in erythroid cells. To elucidate the roles of individual GATA factors in erythropoiesis, conditional alleles of GATA-1, GATA-2, and GATA-3 were prepared by fusing each of the factors to the hormone-binding domain of the human estrogen receptor (ER). These GATA/ER chimeric factors were shown to be hormone-inducible trans-activating proteins in transient transfection assays. When stably introduced into primary erythroblasts or conditionally transformed erythroid progenitors cells, exogenous GATA-2/ER promoted proliferation and inhibited terminal differentiation in an estrogen-dependent manner. These phenotypic effects are specifically attributable to the action of ectopically expressed GATA-2/ER because erythroblasts expressing exogenous GATA-2 are constitutively arrested in differentiation and because erythroid progenitors expressing either Gal/ER or GATA-3/ER do not display a hormone-responsive block in differentiation. Thus, the GATA-2 transcription factor appears to play a role in regulating the self-renewal capacity of early erythroid progenitor cells. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Ectopic expression of a conditional GATA-2/estrogen receptor chimera arrests erythroid differentiation in a hormone-dependent manner. The GATA factors are a family of transcriptional regulatory proteins in eukaryotes that share extensive homology in their DNA-binding domains. One enigmatic aspect of GATA factor expression is that several GATA proteins, which ostensibly share the same DNA-binding site specificity, are coexpressed in erythroid cells. To elucidate the roles of individual GATA factors in erythropoiesis, conditional alleles of GATA-1, GATA-2, and GATA-3 were prepared by fusing each of the factors to the hormone-binding domain of the human estrogen receptor (ER). These GATA/ER chimeric factors were shown to be hormone-inducible trans-activating proteins in transient transfection assays. When stably introduced into primary erythroblasts or conditionally transformed erythroid progenitors cells, exogenous GATA-2/ER promoted proliferation and inhibited terminal differentiation in an estrogen-dependent manner. These phenotypic effects are specifically attributable to the action of ectopically expressed GATA-2/ER because erythroblasts expressing exogenous GATA-2 are constitutively arrested in differentiation and because erythroid progenitors expressing either Gal/ER or GATA-3/ER do not display a hormone-responsive block in differentiation. Thus, the GATA-2 transcription factor appears to play a role in regulating the self-renewal capacity of early erythroid progenitor cells.	[ "Ectopic", "expression", "of", "a", "conditional", "GATA-2", "/", "estrogen", "receptor", "chimera", "arrests", "erythroid", "differentiation", "in", "a", "hormone", "-", "dependent", "manner", ".", "\n", "The", "GATA", "factors", "are", "a", "family", "of", "transcriptional", "regulatory", "proteins", "in", "eukaryotes", "that", "share", "extensive", "homology", "in", "their", "DNA", "-", "binding", "domains", ".", "One", "enigmatic", "aspect", "of", "GATA", "factor", "expression", "is", "that", "several", "GATA", "proteins", ",", "which", "ostensibly", "share", "the", "same", "DNA", "-", "binding", "site", "specificity", ",", "are", "coexpressed", "in", "erythroid", "cells", ".", "To", "elucidate", "the", "roles", "of", "individual", "GATA", "factors", "in", "erythropoiesis", ",", "conditional", "alleles", "of", "GATA-1", ",", "GATA-2", ",", "and", "GATA-3", "were", "prepared", "by", "fusing", "each", "of", "the", "factors", "to", "the", "hormone", "-", "binding", "domain", "of", "the", "human", "estrogen", "receptor", "(", "ER", ")", ".", "These", "GATA", "/", "ER", "chimeric", "factors", "were", "shown", "to", "be", "hormone", "-", "inducible", "trans", "-", "activating", "proteins", "in", "transient", "transfection", "assays", ".", "When", "stably", "introduced", "into", "primary", "erythroblasts", "or", "conditionally", "transformed", "erythroid", "progenitors", "cells", ",", "exogenous", "GATA-2", "/", "ER", "promoted", "proliferation", "and", "inhibited", "terminal", "differentiation", "in", "an", "estrogen", "-", "dependent", "manner", ".", "These", "phenotypic", "effects", "are", "specifically", "attributable", "to", "the", "action", "of", "ectopically", "expressed", "GATA-2", "/", "ER", "because", "erythroblasts", "expressing", "exogenous", "GATA-2", "are", "constitutively", "arrested", "in", "differentiation", "and", "because", "erythroid", "progenitors", "expressing", "either", "Gal", "/", "ER", "or", "GATA-3", "/", "ER", "do", "not", "display", "a", "hormone", "-", "responsive", "block", "in", "differentiation", ".", "Thus", ",", "the", "GATA-2", "transcription", "factor", "appears", "to", "play", "a", "role", "in", "regulating", "the", "self", "-", "renewal", "capacity", "of", "early", "erythroid", "progenitor", "cells", "." ]	[ "Protein" ]
pharmacodynamic ( PD ) assay is a Participant_Condition, retinoid products . is a Intervention_Pharmacological, Daily applications of products containing tretinoin or adapalene is a Intervention_Pharmacological, forearms of human subjects is a Participant_Condition, polyethylene film occlusion is a Intervention_Physical, erythema ; is a Outcome_Physical, exfoliation ( scaling / peeling ) is a Outcome_Physical, transepidermal water loss . is a Outcome_Physical, sensitivity and specificity is a Outcome_Other, retinoid bioequivalence is a Outcome_Other	56032_task0	Sentence: Assessing the bioequivalence of topical retinoid products by pharmacodynamic assay . PURPOSE To develop a simple pharmacodynamic ( PD ) assay for the evaluation of the bioequivalence of topically applied retinoid products . METHODS Daily applications of products containing tretinoin or adapalene were made to the forearms of human subjects for up to 21 days . Percutaneous absorption was enhanced through the use of polyethylene film occlusion ( 5 h ) . Pharmacologic activity was assessed through the daily measurement of three cutaneous responses intimately linked to retinoid-induced changes in epidermal differentiation : ( 1 ) erythema ; ( 2 ) exfoliation ( scaling/peeling ) , and ( 3 ) increased transepidermal water loss . RESULTS The PD model exhibited the sensitivity and specificity required to function as a bioequivalence surrogate . It was possible to differentiate between : ( 1 ) three concentrations of tretinoin in a commercial cream product line ; ( 2 ) two concentrations of tretinoin in a commercial gel product line ; ( 3 ) different vehicles ( gel vs. cream ) containing the same concentration of tretinoin , and ( 4 ) tretinoin and adapalene at the same concentration . The applicability of this model for bioequivalence testing was established by showing that it had sufficient power to determine that three test tretinoin cream products and two approved generic tretinoin gel products were equivalent to their corresponding reference products . CONCLUSIONS A surrogate PD model to assess retinoid bioequivalence has been developed . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Intervention_Physical, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Outcome_Other	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Assessing the bioequivalence of topical retinoid products by pharmacodynamic assay . PURPOSE To develop a simple pharmacodynamic ( PD ) assay for the evaluation of the bioequivalence of topically applied retinoid products . METHODS Daily applications of products containing tretinoin or adapalene were made to the forearms of human subjects for up to 21 days . Percutaneous absorption was enhanced through the use of polyethylene film occlusion ( 5 h ) . Pharmacologic activity was assessed through the daily measurement of three cutaneous responses intimately linked to retinoid-induced changes in epidermal differentiation : ( 1 ) erythema ; ( 2 ) exfoliation ( scaling/peeling ) , and ( 3 ) increased transepidermal water loss . RESULTS The PD model exhibited the sensitivity and specificity required to function as a bioequivalence surrogate . It was possible to differentiate between : ( 1 ) three concentrations of tretinoin in a commercial cream product line ; ( 2 ) two concentrations of tretinoin in a commercial gel product line ; ( 3 ) different vehicles ( gel vs. cream ) containing the same concentration of tretinoin , and ( 4 ) tretinoin and adapalene at the same concentration . The applicability of this model for bioequivalence testing was established by showing that it had sufficient power to determine that three test tretinoin cream products and two approved generic tretinoin gel products were equivalent to their corresponding reference products . CONCLUSIONS A surrogate PD model to assess retinoid bioequivalence has been developed .	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pharmacodynamic ( PD ) assay is a Participant_Condition, retinoid products . is a Intervention_Pharmacological, Daily applications of products containing tretinoin or adapalene is a Intervention_Pharmacological, forearms of human subjects is a Participant_Condition, polyethylene film occlusion is a Intervention_Physical, erythema ; is a Outcome_Physical, exfoliation ( scaling / peeling ) is a Outcome_Physical, transepidermal water loss . is a Outcome_Physical, sensitivity and specificity is a Outcome_Other, retinoid bioequivalence is a Outcome_Other	56032_task1	Sentence: Assessing the bioequivalence of topical retinoid products by pharmacodynamic assay . PURPOSE To develop a simple pharmacodynamic ( PD ) assay for the evaluation of the bioequivalence of topically applied retinoid products . METHODS Daily applications of products containing tretinoin or adapalene were made to the forearms of human subjects for up to 21 days . Percutaneous absorption was enhanced through the use of polyethylene film occlusion ( 5 h ) . Pharmacologic activity was assessed through the daily measurement of three cutaneous responses intimately linked to retinoid-induced changes in epidermal differentiation : ( 1 ) erythema ; ( 2 ) exfoliation ( scaling/peeling ) , and ( 3 ) increased transepidermal water loss . RESULTS The PD model exhibited the sensitivity and specificity required to function as a bioequivalence surrogate . It was possible to differentiate between : ( 1 ) three concentrations of tretinoin in a commercial cream product line ; ( 2 ) two concentrations of tretinoin in a commercial gel product line ; ( 3 ) different vehicles ( gel vs. cream ) containing the same concentration of tretinoin , and ( 4 ) tretinoin and adapalene at the same concentration . The applicability of this model for bioequivalence testing was established by showing that it had sufficient power to determine that three test tretinoin cream products and two approved generic tretinoin gel products were equivalent to their corresponding reference products . CONCLUSIONS A surrogate PD model to assess retinoid bioequivalence has been developed . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: pharmacodynamic ( PD ) assay, retinoid products ., Daily applications of products containing tretinoin or adapalene, forearms of human subjects, polyethylene film occlusion, erythema ;, exfoliation ( scaling / peeling ), transepidermal water loss ., sensitivity and specificity, retinoid bioequivalence Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Intervention_Physical, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Outcome_Other	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Assessing the bioequivalence of topical retinoid products by pharmacodynamic assay . PURPOSE To develop a simple pharmacodynamic ( PD ) assay for the evaluation of the bioequivalence of topically applied retinoid products . METHODS Daily applications of products containing tretinoin or adapalene were made to the forearms of human subjects for up to 21 days . Percutaneous absorption was enhanced through the use of polyethylene film occlusion ( 5 h ) . Pharmacologic activity was assessed through the daily measurement of three cutaneous responses intimately linked to retinoid-induced changes in epidermal differentiation : ( 1 ) erythema ; ( 2 ) exfoliation ( scaling/peeling ) , and ( 3 ) increased transepidermal water loss . RESULTS The PD model exhibited the sensitivity and specificity required to function as a bioequivalence surrogate . It was possible to differentiate between : ( 1 ) three concentrations of tretinoin in a commercial cream product line ; ( 2 ) two concentrations of tretinoin in a commercial gel product line ; ( 3 ) different vehicles ( gel vs. cream ) containing the same concentration of tretinoin , and ( 4 ) tretinoin and adapalene at the same concentration . The applicability of this model for bioequivalence testing was established by showing that it had sufficient power to determine that three test tretinoin cream products and two approved generic tretinoin gel products were equivalent to their corresponding reference products . CONCLUSIONS A surrogate PD model to assess retinoid bioequivalence has been developed .	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pharmacodynamic ( PD ) assay, retinoid products ., Daily applications of products containing tretinoin or adapalene, forearms of human subjects, polyethylene film occlusion, erythema ;, exfoliation ( scaling / peeling ), transepidermal water loss ., sensitivity and specificity, retinoid bioequivalence	56032_task2	Sentence: Assessing the bioequivalence of topical retinoid products by pharmacodynamic assay . PURPOSE To develop a simple pharmacodynamic ( PD ) assay for the evaluation of the bioequivalence of topically applied retinoid products . METHODS Daily applications of products containing tretinoin or adapalene were made to the forearms of human subjects for up to 21 days . Percutaneous absorption was enhanced through the use of polyethylene film occlusion ( 5 h ) . Pharmacologic activity was assessed through the daily measurement of three cutaneous responses intimately linked to retinoid-induced changes in epidermal differentiation : ( 1 ) erythema ; ( 2 ) exfoliation ( scaling/peeling ) , and ( 3 ) increased transepidermal water loss . RESULTS The PD model exhibited the sensitivity and specificity required to function as a bioequivalence surrogate . It was possible to differentiate between : ( 1 ) three concentrations of tretinoin in a commercial cream product line ; ( 2 ) two concentrations of tretinoin in a commercial gel product line ; ( 3 ) different vehicles ( gel vs. cream ) containing the same concentration of tretinoin , and ( 4 ) tretinoin and adapalene at the same concentration . The applicability of this model for bioequivalence testing was established by showing that it had sufficient power to determine that three test tretinoin cream products and two approved generic tretinoin gel products were equivalent to their corresponding reference products . CONCLUSIONS A surrogate PD model to assess retinoid bioequivalence has been developed . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Assessing the bioequivalence of topical retinoid products by pharmacodynamic assay . PURPOSE To develop a simple pharmacodynamic ( PD ) assay for the evaluation of the bioequivalence of topically applied retinoid products . METHODS Daily applications of products containing tretinoin or adapalene were made to the forearms of human subjects for up to 21 days . Percutaneous absorption was enhanced through the use of polyethylene film occlusion ( 5 h ) . Pharmacologic activity was assessed through the daily measurement of three cutaneous responses intimately linked to retinoid-induced changes in epidermal differentiation : ( 1 ) erythema ; ( 2 ) exfoliation ( scaling/peeling ) , and ( 3 ) increased transepidermal water loss . RESULTS The PD model exhibited the sensitivity and specificity required to function as a bioequivalence surrogate . It was possible to differentiate between : ( 1 ) three concentrations of tretinoin in a commercial cream product line ; ( 2 ) two concentrations of tretinoin in a commercial gel product line ; ( 3 ) different vehicles ( gel vs. cream ) containing the same concentration of tretinoin , and ( 4 ) tretinoin and adapalene at the same concentration . The applicability of this model for bioequivalence testing was established by showing that it had sufficient power to determine that three test tretinoin cream products and two approved generic tretinoin gel products were equivalent to their corresponding reference products . CONCLUSIONS A surrogate PD model to assess retinoid bioequivalence has been developed .	[ "Assessing", "the", "bioequivalence", "of", "topical", "retinoid", "products", "by", "pharmacodynamic", "assay", ".", "PURPOSE", "To", "develop", "a", "simple", "pharmacodynamic", "(", "PD", ")", "assay", "for", "the", "evaluation", "of", "the", "bioequivalence", "of", "topically", "applied", "retinoid", "products", ".", "METHODS", "Daily", "applications", "of", "products", "containing", "tretinoin", "or", "adapalene", "were", "made", "to", "the", "forearms", "of", "human", "subjects", "for", "up", "to", "21", "days", ".", "Percutaneous", "absorption", "was", "enhanced", "through", "the", "use", "of", "polyethylene", "film", "occlusion", "(", "5", "h", ")", ".", "Pharmacologic", "activity", "was", "assessed", "through", "the", "daily", "measurement", "of", "three", "cutaneous", "responses", "intimately", "linked", "to", "retinoid", "-", "induced", "changes", "in", "epidermal", "differentiation", ":", "(", "1", ")", "erythema", ";", "(", "2", ")", "exfoliation", "(", "scaling", "/", "peeling", ")", ",", "and", "(", "3", ")", "increased", "transepidermal", "water", "loss", ".", "RESULTS", "The", "PD", "model", "exhibited", "the", "sensitivity", "and", "specificity", "required", "to", "function", "as", "a", "bioequivalence", "surrogate", ".", "It", "was", "possible", "to", "differentiate", "between", ":", "(", "1", ")", "three", "concentrations", "of", "tretinoin", "in", "a", "commercial", "cream", "product", "line", ";", "(", "2", ")", "two", "concentrations", "of", "tretinoin", "in", "a", "commercial", "gel", "product", "line", ";", "(", "3", ")", "different", "vehicles", "(", "gel", "vs", ".", "cream", ")", "containing", "the", "same", "concentration", "of", "tretinoin", ",", "and", "(", "4", ")", "tretinoin", "and", "adapalene", "at", "the", "same", "concentration", ".", "The", "applicability", "of", "this", "model", "for", "bioequivalence", "testing", "was", "established", "by", "showing", "that", "it", "had", "sufficient", "power", "to", "determine", "that", "three", "test", "tretinoin", "cream", "products", "and", "two", "approved", "generic", "tretinoin", "gel", "products", "were", "equivalent", "to", "their", "corresponding", "reference", "products", ".", "CONCLUSIONS", "A", "surrogate", "PD", "model", "to", "assess", "retinoid", "bioequivalence", "has", "been", "developed", "." ]	[ "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Outcome_Physical", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Physical", "Outcome_Other" ]
interdisciplinary research is an umlsterm, causes is an umlsterm, biological aging is an umlsterm, human is an umlsterm, senescence is an umlsterm, research is an umlsterm, biogerontology is an umlsterm, Germany is an umlsterm, developments is an umlsterm, research is an umlsterm	ZfuerGerontologie+Geriatrie.90320112.eng.abstr_task0	Sentence: Biogerontology is defined by the interdisciplinary research on causes and mechnisms of biological aging - aiming to unravel the mystery of human senescence . Here the state of this research area is presented separately in two parts : ( 1 ) activities and appreciation of biogerontology as a scientific discipline in Germany compared mainly to the USA , ( 2 ) recent developments in the scientific content and progress in the research of aging . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O" ]	Biogerontology is defined by the interdisciplinary research on causes and mechnisms of biological aging - aiming to unravel the mystery of human senescence . Here the state of this research area is presented separately in two parts : ( 1 ) activities and appreciation of biogerontology as a scientific discipline in Germany compared mainly to the USA , ( 2 ) recent developments in the scientific content and progress in the research of aging .	[ "Biogerontology", "is", "defined", "by", "the", "interdisciplinary", "research", "on", "causes", "and", "mechnisms", "of", "biological", "aging", "-", "aiming", "to", "unravel", "the", "mystery", "of", "human", "senescence", ".", "Here", "the", "state", "of", "this", "research", "area", "is", "presented", "separately", "in", "two", "parts", ":", "(", "1", ")", "activities", "and", "appreciation", "of", "biogerontology", "as", "a", "scientific", "discipline", "in", "Germany", "compared", "mainly", "to", "the", "USA", ",", "(", "2", ")", "recent", "developments", "in", "the", "scientific", "content", "and", "progress", "in", "the", "research", "of", "aging", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
interdisciplinary research is an umlsterm, causes is an umlsterm, biological aging is an umlsterm, human is an umlsterm, senescence is an umlsterm, research is an umlsterm, biogerontology is an umlsterm, Germany is an umlsterm, developments is an umlsterm, research is an umlsterm	ZfuerGerontologie+Geriatrie.90320112.eng.abstr_task1	Sentence: Biogerontology is defined by the interdisciplinary research on causes and mechnisms of biological aging - aiming to unravel the mystery of human senescence . Here the state of this research area is presented separately in two parts : ( 1 ) activities and appreciation of biogerontology as a scientific discipline in Germany compared mainly to the USA , ( 2 ) recent developments in the scientific content and progress in the research of aging . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: interdisciplinary research, causes, biological aging, human, senescence, research, biogerontology, Germany, developments, research Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O" ]	Biogerontology is defined by the interdisciplinary research on causes and mechnisms of biological aging - aiming to unravel the mystery of human senescence . Here the state of this research area is presented separately in two parts : ( 1 ) activities and appreciation of biogerontology as a scientific discipline in Germany compared mainly to the USA , ( 2 ) recent developments in the scientific content and progress in the research of aging .	[ "Biogerontology", "is", "defined", "by", "the", "interdisciplinary", "research", "on", "causes", "and", "mechnisms", "of", "biological", "aging", "-", "aiming", "to", "unravel", "the", "mystery", "of", "human", "senescence", ".", "Here", "the", "state", "of", "this", "research", "area", "is", "presented", "separately", "in", "two", "parts", ":", "(", "1", ")", "activities", "and", "appreciation", "of", "biogerontology", "as", "a", "scientific", "discipline", "in", "Germany", "compared", "mainly", "to", "the", "USA", ",", "(", "2", ")", "recent", "developments", "in", "the", "scientific", "content", "and", "progress", "in", "the", "research", "of", "aging", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
interdisciplinary research, causes, biological aging, human, senescence, research, biogerontology, Germany, developments, research	ZfuerGerontologie+Geriatrie.90320112.eng.abstr_task2	Sentence: Biogerontology is defined by the interdisciplinary research on causes and mechnisms of biological aging - aiming to unravel the mystery of human senescence . Here the state of this research area is presented separately in two parts : ( 1 ) activities and appreciation of biogerontology as a scientific discipline in Germany compared mainly to the USA , ( 2 ) recent developments in the scientific content and progress in the research of aging . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O" ]	Biogerontology is defined by the interdisciplinary research on causes and mechnisms of biological aging - aiming to unravel the mystery of human senescence . Here the state of this research area is presented separately in two parts : ( 1 ) activities and appreciation of biogerontology as a scientific discipline in Germany compared mainly to the USA , ( 2 ) recent developments in the scientific content and progress in the research of aging .	[ "Biogerontology", "is", "defined", "by", "the", "interdisciplinary", "research", "on", "causes", "and", "mechnisms", "of", "biological", "aging", "-", "aiming", "to", "unravel", "the", "mystery", "of", "human", "senescence", ".", "Here", "the", "state", "of", "this", "research", "area", "is", "presented", "separately", "in", "two", "parts", ":", "(", "1", ")", "activities", "and", "appreciation", "of", "biogerontology", "as", "a", "scientific", "discipline", "in", "Germany", "compared", "mainly", "to", "the", "USA", ",", "(", "2", ")", "recent", "developments", "in", "the", "scientific", "content", "and", "progress", "in", "the", "research", "of", "aging", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
IkappaB - alpha is a Protein, 5-lipoxygenase is a Protein, acidic sphingomyelinase is a Protein	683_task0	Sentence: Activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated U937 cells. During the course of serious bacterial infections, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) interacts with monocyte/macrophage receptors, resulting in the generation of inflammatory cytokines. Transcription factor NF-kappaB is crucial in activating the transcription of genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines. In this paper, we demonstrate that the activation of NF-kappaB by LPS in a promonocytic cell line (U937) followed a rather slow kinetics, depending on the rate of IkappaB-alpha inhibitor hydrolysis. No degradation of p105 and p100 inhibitors was observed under these conditions. The transduction pathway leading to NF-kappaB activation in U937 cells involved the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as demonstrated by the concomitant inhibitory effects of antioxidants on NF-kappaB activation and the emission of a fluorescent probe reacting intracellularly with hydrogen peroxide. This ROS pathway was also characterized by the use of other inhibitors. This finding indicates that phospholipase A2 and 5-lipoxygenase are also involved. However, the NF-kappaB activation pathway involving the acidic sphingomyelinase of the endolysosomial membrane did not seem to participate in the LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation in U937 cells. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated U937 cells. During the course of serious bacterial infections, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) interacts with monocyte/macrophage receptors, resulting in the generation of inflammatory cytokines. Transcription factor NF-kappaB is crucial in activating the transcription of genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines. In this paper, we demonstrate that the activation of NF-kappaB by LPS in a promonocytic cell line (U937) followed a rather slow kinetics, depending on the rate of IkappaB-alpha inhibitor hydrolysis. No degradation of p105 and p100 inhibitors was observed under these conditions. The transduction pathway leading to NF-kappaB activation in U937 cells involved the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as demonstrated by the concomitant inhibitory effects of antioxidants on NF-kappaB activation and the emission of a fluorescent probe reacting intracellularly with hydrogen peroxide. This ROS pathway was also characterized by the use of other inhibitors. This finding indicates that phospholipase A2 and 5-lipoxygenase are also involved. However, the NF-kappaB activation pathway involving the acidic sphingomyelinase of the endolysosomial membrane did not seem to participate in the LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation in U937 cells.	[ "Activation", "of", "the", "transcription", "factor", "NF", "-", "kappaB", "in", "lipopolysaccharide", "-", "stimulated", "U937", "cells", ".", "\n", "During", "the", "course", "of", "serious", "bacterial", "infections", ",", "lipopolysaccharide", "(", "LPS", ")", "interacts", "with", "monocyte", "/", "macrophage", "receptors", ",", "resulting", "in", "the", "generation", "of", "inflammatory", "cytokines", ".", "Transcription", "factor", "NF", "-", "kappaB", "is", "crucial", "in", "activating", "the", "transcription", "of", "genes", "encoding", "proinflammatory", "cytokines", ".", "In", "this", "paper", ",", "we", "demonstrate", "that", "the", "activation", "of", "NF", "-", "kappaB", "by", "LPS", "in", "a", "promonocytic", "cell", "line", "(", "U937", ")", "followed", "a", "rather", "slow", "kinetics", ",", "depending", "on", "the", "rate", "of", "IkappaB", "-", "alpha", "inhibitor", "hydrolysis", ".", "No", "degradation", "of", "p105", "and", "p100", "inhibitors", "was", "observed", "under", "these", "conditions", ".", "The", "transduction", "pathway", "leading", "to", "NF", "-", "kappaB", "activation", "in", "U937", "cells", "involved", "the", "intracellular", "generation", "of", "reactive", "oxygen", "species", "(", "ROS", ")", ",", "as", "demonstrated", "by", "the", "concomitant", "inhibitory", "effects", "of", "antioxidants", "on", "NF", "-", "kappaB", "activation", "and", "the", "emission", "of", "a", "fluorescent", "probe", "reacting", "intracellularly", "with", "hydrogen", "peroxide", ".", "This", "ROS", "pathway", "was", "also", "characterized", "by", "the", "use", "of", "other", "inhibitors", ".", "This", "finding", "indicates", "that", "phospholipase", "A2", "and", "5-lipoxygenase", "are", "also", "involved", ".", "However", ",", "the", "NF", "-", "kappaB", "activation", "pathway", "involving", "the", "acidic", "sphingomyelinase", "of", "the", "endolysosomial", "membrane", "did", "not", "seem", "to", "participate", "in", "the", "LPS", "-", "induced", "NF", "-", "kappaB", "activation", "in", "U937", "cells", "." ]	[ "Protein" ]
IkappaB - alpha is a Protein, 5-lipoxygenase is a Protein, acidic sphingomyelinase is a Protein	683_task1	Sentence: Activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated U937 cells. During the course of serious bacterial infections, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) interacts with monocyte/macrophage receptors, resulting in the generation of inflammatory cytokines. Transcription factor NF-kappaB is crucial in activating the transcription of genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines. In this paper, we demonstrate that the activation of NF-kappaB by LPS in a promonocytic cell line (U937) followed a rather slow kinetics, depending on the rate of IkappaB-alpha inhibitor hydrolysis. No degradation of p105 and p100 inhibitors was observed under these conditions. The transduction pathway leading to NF-kappaB activation in U937 cells involved the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as demonstrated by the concomitant inhibitory effects of antioxidants on NF-kappaB activation and the emission of a fluorescent probe reacting intracellularly with hydrogen peroxide. This ROS pathway was also characterized by the use of other inhibitors. This finding indicates that phospholipase A2 and 5-lipoxygenase are also involved. However, the NF-kappaB activation pathway involving the acidic sphingomyelinase of the endolysosomial membrane did not seem to participate in the LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation in U937 cells. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: IkappaB - alpha, 5-lipoxygenase, acidic sphingomyelinase Options: Protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated U937 cells. During the course of serious bacterial infections, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) interacts with monocyte/macrophage receptors, resulting in the generation of inflammatory cytokines. Transcription factor NF-kappaB is crucial in activating the transcription of genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines. In this paper, we demonstrate that the activation of NF-kappaB by LPS in a promonocytic cell line (U937) followed a rather slow kinetics, depending on the rate of IkappaB-alpha inhibitor hydrolysis. No degradation of p105 and p100 inhibitors was observed under these conditions. The transduction pathway leading to NF-kappaB activation in U937 cells involved the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as demonstrated by the concomitant inhibitory effects of antioxidants on NF-kappaB activation and the emission of a fluorescent probe reacting intracellularly with hydrogen peroxide. This ROS pathway was also characterized by the use of other inhibitors. This finding indicates that phospholipase A2 and 5-lipoxygenase are also involved. However, the NF-kappaB activation pathway involving the acidic sphingomyelinase of the endolysosomial membrane did not seem to participate in the LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation in U937 cells.	[ "Activation", "of", "the", "transcription", "factor", "NF", "-", "kappaB", "in", "lipopolysaccharide", "-", "stimulated", "U937", "cells", ".", "\n", "During", "the", "course", "of", "serious", "bacterial", "infections", ",", "lipopolysaccharide", "(", "LPS", ")", "interacts", "with", "monocyte", "/", "macrophage", "receptors", ",", "resulting", "in", "the", "generation", "of", "inflammatory", "cytokines", ".", "Transcription", "factor", "NF", "-", "kappaB", "is", "crucial", "in", "activating", "the", "transcription", "of", "genes", "encoding", "proinflammatory", "cytokines", ".", "In", "this", "paper", ",", "we", "demonstrate", "that", "the", "activation", "of", "NF", "-", "kappaB", "by", "LPS", "in", "a", "promonocytic", "cell", "line", "(", "U937", ")", "followed", "a", "rather", "slow", "kinetics", ",", "depending", "on", "the", "rate", "of", "IkappaB", "-", "alpha", "inhibitor", "hydrolysis", ".", "No", "degradation", "of", "p105", "and", "p100", "inhibitors", "was", "observed", "under", "these", "conditions", ".", "The", "transduction", "pathway", "leading", "to", "NF", "-", "kappaB", "activation", "in", "U937", "cells", "involved", "the", "intracellular", "generation", "of", "reactive", "oxygen", "species", "(", "ROS", ")", ",", "as", "demonstrated", "by", "the", "concomitant", "inhibitory", "effects", "of", "antioxidants", "on", "NF", "-", "kappaB", "activation", "and", "the", "emission", "of", "a", "fluorescent", "probe", "reacting", "intracellularly", "with", "hydrogen", "peroxide", ".", "This", "ROS", "pathway", "was", "also", "characterized", "by", "the", "use", "of", "other", "inhibitors", ".", "This", "finding", "indicates", "that", "phospholipase", "A2", "and", "5-lipoxygenase", "are", "also", "involved", ".", "However", ",", "the", "NF", "-", "kappaB", "activation", "pathway", "involving", "the", "acidic", "sphingomyelinase", "of", "the", "endolysosomial", "membrane", "did", "not", "seem", "to", "participate", "in", "the", "LPS", "-", "induced", "NF", "-", "kappaB", "activation", "in", "U937", "cells", "." ]	[ "Protein" ]
IkappaB - alpha, 5-lipoxygenase, acidic sphingomyelinase	683_task2	Sentence: Activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated U937 cells. During the course of serious bacterial infections, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) interacts with monocyte/macrophage receptors, resulting in the generation of inflammatory cytokines. Transcription factor NF-kappaB is crucial in activating the transcription of genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines. In this paper, we demonstrate that the activation of NF-kappaB by LPS in a promonocytic cell line (U937) followed a rather slow kinetics, depending on the rate of IkappaB-alpha inhibitor hydrolysis. No degradation of p105 and p100 inhibitors was observed under these conditions. The transduction pathway leading to NF-kappaB activation in U937 cells involved the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as demonstrated by the concomitant inhibitory effects of antioxidants on NF-kappaB activation and the emission of a fluorescent probe reacting intracellularly with hydrogen peroxide. This ROS pathway was also characterized by the use of other inhibitors. This finding indicates that phospholipase A2 and 5-lipoxygenase are also involved. However, the NF-kappaB activation pathway involving the acidic sphingomyelinase of the endolysosomial membrane did not seem to participate in the LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation in U937 cells. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated U937 cells. During the course of serious bacterial infections, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) interacts with monocyte/macrophage receptors, resulting in the generation of inflammatory cytokines. Transcription factor NF-kappaB is crucial in activating the transcription of genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines. In this paper, we demonstrate that the activation of NF-kappaB by LPS in a promonocytic cell line (U937) followed a rather slow kinetics, depending on the rate of IkappaB-alpha inhibitor hydrolysis. No degradation of p105 and p100 inhibitors was observed under these conditions. The transduction pathway leading to NF-kappaB activation in U937 cells involved the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as demonstrated by the concomitant inhibitory effects of antioxidants on NF-kappaB activation and the emission of a fluorescent probe reacting intracellularly with hydrogen peroxide. This ROS pathway was also characterized by the use of other inhibitors. This finding indicates that phospholipase A2 and 5-lipoxygenase are also involved. However, the NF-kappaB activation pathway involving the acidic sphingomyelinase of the endolysosomial membrane did not seem to participate in the LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation in U937 cells.	[ "Activation", "of", "the", "transcription", "factor", "NF", "-", "kappaB", "in", "lipopolysaccharide", "-", "stimulated", "U937", "cells", ".", "\n", "During", "the", "course", "of", "serious", "bacterial", "infections", ",", "lipopolysaccharide", "(", "LPS", ")", "interacts", "with", "monocyte", "/", "macrophage", "receptors", ",", "resulting", "in", "the", "generation", "of", "inflammatory", "cytokines", ".", "Transcription", "factor", "NF", "-", "kappaB", "is", "crucial", "in", "activating", "the", "transcription", "of", "genes", "encoding", "proinflammatory", "cytokines", ".", "In", "this", "paper", ",", "we", "demonstrate", "that", "the", "activation", "of", "NF", "-", "kappaB", "by", "LPS", "in", "a", "promonocytic", "cell", "line", "(", "U937", ")", "followed", "a", "rather", "slow", "kinetics", ",", "depending", "on", "the", "rate", "of", "IkappaB", "-", "alpha", "inhibitor", "hydrolysis", ".", "No", "degradation", "of", "p105", "and", "p100", "inhibitors", "was", "observed", "under", "these", "conditions", ".", "The", "transduction", "pathway", "leading", "to", "NF", "-", "kappaB", "activation", "in", "U937", "cells", "involved", "the", "intracellular", "generation", "of", "reactive", "oxygen", "species", "(", "ROS", ")", ",", "as", "demonstrated", "by", "the", "concomitant", "inhibitory", "effects", "of", "antioxidants", "on", "NF", "-", "kappaB", "activation", "and", "the", "emission", "of", "a", "fluorescent", "probe", "reacting", "intracellularly", "with", "hydrogen", "peroxide", ".", "This", "ROS", "pathway", "was", "also", "characterized", "by", "the", "use", "of", "other", "inhibitors", ".", "This", "finding", "indicates", "that", "phospholipase", "A2", "and", "5-lipoxygenase", "are", "also", "involved", ".", "However", ",", "the", "NF", "-", "kappaB", "activation", "pathway", "involving", "the", "acidic", "sphingomyelinase", "of", "the", "endolysosomial", "membrane", "did", "not", "seem", "to", "participate", "in", "the", "LPS", "-", "induced", "NF", "-", "kappaB", "activation", "in", "U937", "cells", "." ]	[ "Protein" ]
Leber is an umlsterm, Architektur is an umlsterm, Arbeit is an umlsterm, Lebersegmente is an umlsterm	DerChirurg.90700169.ger.abstr_task0	Sentence: Zusammenfassung . Aufgrund ihrer Struktur und Lage ist die Leber ein ideales Organ fuer sonographische Untersuchungen . In diesem Zusammenhang erlauben die intrahepatischen Strukturen eine sehr genaue sonographische Einteilung in die segmentale Architektur nach Couinaud . Vorliegende Arbeit stellt Schritt fuer Schritt sonographische Einstellungen vor , die eine rasche und sichere Zuordnung der Lebersegmente erlauben . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O" ]	Zusammenfassung . Aufgrund ihrer Struktur und Lage ist die Leber ein ideales Organ fuer sonographische Untersuchungen . In diesem Zusammenhang erlauben die intrahepatischen Strukturen eine sehr genaue sonographische Einteilung in die segmentale Architektur nach Couinaud . Vorliegende Arbeit stellt Schritt fuer Schritt sonographische Einstellungen vor , die eine rasche und sichere Zuordnung der Lebersegmente erlauben .	[ "Zusammenfassung", ".", "Aufgrund", "ihrer", "Struktur", "und", "Lage", "ist", "die", "Leber", "ein", "ideales", "Organ", "fuer", "sonographische", "Untersuchungen", ".", "In", "diesem", "Zusammenhang", "erlauben", "die", "intrahepatischen", "Strukturen", "eine", "sehr", "genaue", "sonographische", "Einteilung", "in", "die", "segmentale", "Architektur", "nach", "Couinaud", ".", "Vorliegende", "Arbeit", "stellt", "Schritt", "fuer", "Schritt", "sonographische", "Einstellungen", "vor", ",", "die", "eine", "rasche", "und", "sichere", "Zuordnung", "der", "Lebersegmente", "erlauben", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Leber is an umlsterm, Architektur is an umlsterm, Arbeit is an umlsterm, Lebersegmente is an umlsterm	DerChirurg.90700169.ger.abstr_task1	Sentence: Zusammenfassung . Aufgrund ihrer Struktur und Lage ist die Leber ein ideales Organ fuer sonographische Untersuchungen . In diesem Zusammenhang erlauben die intrahepatischen Strukturen eine sehr genaue sonographische Einteilung in die segmentale Architektur nach Couinaud . Vorliegende Arbeit stellt Schritt fuer Schritt sonographische Einstellungen vor , die eine rasche und sichere Zuordnung der Lebersegmente erlauben . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Leber, Architektur, Arbeit, Lebersegmente Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O" ]	Zusammenfassung . Aufgrund ihrer Struktur und Lage ist die Leber ein ideales Organ fuer sonographische Untersuchungen . In diesem Zusammenhang erlauben die intrahepatischen Strukturen eine sehr genaue sonographische Einteilung in die segmentale Architektur nach Couinaud . Vorliegende Arbeit stellt Schritt fuer Schritt sonographische Einstellungen vor , die eine rasche und sichere Zuordnung der Lebersegmente erlauben .	[ "Zusammenfassung", ".", "Aufgrund", "ihrer", "Struktur", "und", "Lage", "ist", "die", "Leber", "ein", "ideales", "Organ", "fuer", "sonographische", "Untersuchungen", ".", "In", "diesem", "Zusammenhang", "erlauben", "die", "intrahepatischen", "Strukturen", "eine", "sehr", "genaue", "sonographische", "Einteilung", "in", "die", "segmentale", "Architektur", "nach", "Couinaud", ".", "Vorliegende", "Arbeit", "stellt", "Schritt", "fuer", "Schritt", "sonographische", "Einstellungen", "vor", ",", "die", "eine", "rasche", "und", "sichere", "Zuordnung", "der", "Lebersegmente", "erlauben", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Leber, Architektur, Arbeit, Lebersegmente	DerChirurg.90700169.ger.abstr_task2	Sentence: Zusammenfassung . Aufgrund ihrer Struktur und Lage ist die Leber ein ideales Organ fuer sonographische Untersuchungen . In diesem Zusammenhang erlauben die intrahepatischen Strukturen eine sehr genaue sonographische Einteilung in die segmentale Architektur nach Couinaud . Vorliegende Arbeit stellt Schritt fuer Schritt sonographische Einstellungen vor , die eine rasche und sichere Zuordnung der Lebersegmente erlauben . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O" ]	Zusammenfassung . Aufgrund ihrer Struktur und Lage ist die Leber ein ideales Organ fuer sonographische Untersuchungen . In diesem Zusammenhang erlauben die intrahepatischen Strukturen eine sehr genaue sonographische Einteilung in die segmentale Architektur nach Couinaud . Vorliegende Arbeit stellt Schritt fuer Schritt sonographische Einstellungen vor , die eine rasche und sichere Zuordnung der Lebersegmente erlauben .	[ "Zusammenfassung", ".", "Aufgrund", "ihrer", "Struktur", "und", "Lage", "ist", "die", "Leber", "ein", "ideales", "Organ", "fuer", "sonographische", "Untersuchungen", ".", "In", "diesem", "Zusammenhang", "erlauben", "die", "intrahepatischen", "Strukturen", "eine", "sehr", "genaue", "sonographische", "Einteilung", "in", "die", "segmentale", "Architektur", "nach", "Couinaud", ".", "Vorliegende", "Arbeit", "stellt", "Schritt", "fuer", "Schritt", "sonographische", "Einstellungen", "vor", ",", "die", "eine", "rasche", "und", "sichere", "Zuordnung", "der", "Lebersegmente", "erlauben", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
carotid artery stenosis is an umlsterm, coronary artery disease is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, open is an umlsterm, heart surgical procedures is an umlsterm, surgical is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, cardiac operations is an umlsterm	ZfuerHerzThoraxGefaesschirurgie.90130001.eng.abstr_task0	Sentence: The coexistence of carotid artery stenosis with coronary artery disease occurs in a small percentage of patients requiring open heart surgical procedures . Whether the combined surgical approach favorably influences the outcome of patients requiring major cardiac operations remains controversial . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O" ]	The coexistence of carotid artery stenosis with coronary artery disease occurs in a small percentage of patients requiring open heart surgical procedures . Whether the combined surgical approach favorably influences the outcome of patients requiring major cardiac operations remains controversial .	[ "The", "coexistence", "of", "carotid", "artery", "stenosis", "with", "coronary", "artery", "disease", "occurs", "in", "a", "small", "percentage", "of", "patients", "requiring", "open", "heart", "surgical", "procedures", ".", "Whether", "the", "combined", "surgical", "approach", "favorably", "influences", "the", "outcome", "of", "patients", "requiring", "major", "cardiac", "operations", "remains", "controversial", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
carotid artery stenosis is an umlsterm, coronary artery disease is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, open is an umlsterm, heart surgical procedures is an umlsterm, surgical is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, cardiac operations is an umlsterm	ZfuerHerzThoraxGefaesschirurgie.90130001.eng.abstr_task1	Sentence: The coexistence of carotid artery stenosis with coronary artery disease occurs in a small percentage of patients requiring open heart surgical procedures . Whether the combined surgical approach favorably influences the outcome of patients requiring major cardiac operations remains controversial . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: carotid artery stenosis, coronary artery disease, patients, open, heart surgical procedures, surgical, patients, cardiac operations Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O" ]	The coexistence of carotid artery stenosis with coronary artery disease occurs in a small percentage of patients requiring open heart surgical procedures . Whether the combined surgical approach favorably influences the outcome of patients requiring major cardiac operations remains controversial .	[ "The", "coexistence", "of", "carotid", "artery", "stenosis", "with", "coronary", "artery", "disease", "occurs", "in", "a", "small", "percentage", "of", "patients", "requiring", "open", "heart", "surgical", "procedures", ".", "Whether", "the", "combined", "surgical", "approach", "favorably", "influences", "the", "outcome", "of", "patients", "requiring", "major", "cardiac", "operations", "remains", "controversial", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
carotid artery stenosis, coronary artery disease, patients, open, heart surgical procedures, surgical, patients, cardiac operations	ZfuerHerzThoraxGefaesschirurgie.90130001.eng.abstr_task2	Sentence: The coexistence of carotid artery stenosis with coronary artery disease occurs in a small percentage of patients requiring open heart surgical procedures . Whether the combined surgical approach favorably influences the outcome of patients requiring major cardiac operations remains controversial . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O" ]	The coexistence of carotid artery stenosis with coronary artery disease occurs in a small percentage of patients requiring open heart surgical procedures . Whether the combined surgical approach favorably influences the outcome of patients requiring major cardiac operations remains controversial .	[ "The", "coexistence", "of", "carotid", "artery", "stenosis", "with", "coronary", "artery", "disease", "occurs", "in", "a", "small", "percentage", "of", "patients", "requiring", "open", "heart", "surgical", "procedures", ".", "Whether", "the", "combined", "surgical", "approach", "favorably", "influences", "the", "outcome", "of", "patients", "requiring", "major", "cardiac", "operations", "remains", "controversial", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
actin - binding protein is a Protein_family_or_group, Sac6p is a Individual_protein, fimbrin is a Individual_protein	568_task0	Sentence: One such protein is the yeast actin-binding protein Sac6p, which is homologous to vertebrate fimbrin (Adams, A. E. M., D. Botstein, and D. G. Drubin. 1991. Nature (Lond.). 354:404-408.). Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Individual_protein, Protein_family_or_group	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein_family_or_group", "I-Protein_family_or_group", "I-Protein_family_or_group", "I-Protein_family_or_group", "B-Individual_protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Individual_protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	One such protein is the yeast actin-binding protein Sac6p, which is homologous to vertebrate fimbrin (Adams, A. E. M., D. Botstein, and D. G. Drubin. 1991. Nature (Lond.). 354:404-408.).	[ "One", "such", "protein", "is", "the", "yeast", "actin", "-", "binding", "protein", "Sac6p", ",", "which", "is", "homologous", "to", "vertebrate", "fimbrin", "(", "Adams", ",", "A.", "E.", "M.", ",", "D.", "Botstein", ",", "and", "D.", "G.", "Drubin", ".", "1991", ".", "Nature", "(", "Lond", ".", ")", ".", "354:404", "-", "408", ".", ")", "." ]	[ "Protein_family_or_group", "Individual_protein" ]
actin - binding protein is a Protein_family_or_group, Sac6p is a Individual_protein, fimbrin is a Individual_protein	568_task1	Sentence: One such protein is the yeast actin-binding protein Sac6p, which is homologous to vertebrate fimbrin (Adams, A. E. M., D. Botstein, and D. G. Drubin. 1991. Nature (Lond.). 354:404-408.). Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: actin - binding protein, Sac6p, fimbrin Options: Individual_protein, Protein_family_or_group	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein_family_or_group", "I-Protein_family_or_group", "I-Protein_family_or_group", "I-Protein_family_or_group", "B-Individual_protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Individual_protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	One such protein is the yeast actin-binding protein Sac6p, which is homologous to vertebrate fimbrin (Adams, A. E. M., D. Botstein, and D. G. Drubin. 1991. Nature (Lond.). 354:404-408.).	[ "One", "such", "protein", "is", "the", "yeast", "actin", "-", "binding", "protein", "Sac6p", ",", "which", "is", "homologous", "to", "vertebrate", "fimbrin", "(", "Adams", ",", "A.", "E.", "M.", ",", "D.", "Botstein", ",", "and", "D.", "G.", "Drubin", ".", "1991", ".", "Nature", "(", "Lond", ".", ")", ".", "354:404", "-", "408", ".", ")", "." ]	[ "Protein_family_or_group", "Individual_protein" ]
actin - binding protein, Sac6p, fimbrin	568_task2	Sentence: One such protein is the yeast actin-binding protein Sac6p, which is homologous to vertebrate fimbrin (Adams, A. E. M., D. Botstein, and D. G. Drubin. 1991. Nature (Lond.). 354:404-408.). Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein_family_or_group", "I-Protein_family_or_group", "I-Protein_family_or_group", "I-Protein_family_or_group", "B-Individual_protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Individual_protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	One such protein is the yeast actin-binding protein Sac6p, which is homologous to vertebrate fimbrin (Adams, A. E. M., D. Botstein, and D. G. Drubin. 1991. Nature (Lond.). 354:404-408.).	[ "One", "such", "protein", "is", "the", "yeast", "actin", "-", "binding", "protein", "Sac6p", ",", "which", "is", "homologous", "to", "vertebrate", "fimbrin", "(", "Adams", ",", "A.", "E.", "M.", ",", "D.", "Botstein", ",", "and", "D.", "G.", "Drubin", ".", "1991", ".", "Nature", "(", "Lond", ".", ")", ".", "354:404", "-", "408", ".", ")", "." ]	[ "Protein_family_or_group", "Individual_protein" ]
eIF4 G is a protein, eIF4E is a protein, eIF3 is a protein	1.0alpha7.train.812_task0	Sentence: Our results support the former kinetic model where eIF4G binds to eIF4E independently of an interaction with eIF3 ( Figure 3). Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Our results support the former kinetic model where eIF4G binds to eIF4E independently of an interaction with eIF3 ( Figure 3).	[ "Our", "results", "support", "the", "former", "kinetic", "model", "where", " ", "eIF4", "G", "binds", "to", " ", "eIF4E", "independently", "of", "an", "interaction", "with", " ", "eIF3", "(", " ", "Figure", "3", ")", "." ]	[ "protein" ]
eIF4 G is a protein, eIF4E is a protein, eIF3 is a protein	1.0alpha7.train.812_task1	Sentence: Our results support the former kinetic model where eIF4G binds to eIF4E independently of an interaction with eIF3 ( Figure 3). Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: eIF4 G, eIF4E, eIF3 Options: protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Our results support the former kinetic model where eIF4G binds to eIF4E independently of an interaction with eIF3 ( Figure 3).	[ "Our", "results", "support", "the", "former", "kinetic", "model", "where", " ", "eIF4", "G", "binds", "to", " ", "eIF4E", "independently", "of", "an", "interaction", "with", " ", "eIF3", "(", " ", "Figure", "3", ")", "." ]	[ "protein" ]
eIF4 G, eIF4E, eIF3	1.0alpha7.train.812_task2	Sentence: Our results support the former kinetic model where eIF4G binds to eIF4E independently of an interaction with eIF3 ( Figure 3). Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Our results support the former kinetic model where eIF4G binds to eIF4E independently of an interaction with eIF3 ( Figure 3).	[ "Our", "results", "support", "the", "former", "kinetic", "model", "where", " ", "eIF4", "G", "binds", "to", " ", "eIF4E", "independently", "of", "an", "interaction", "with", " ", "eIF3", "(", " ", "Figure", "3", ")", "." ]	[ "protein" ]
thrombocytopenic subjects with hepatitis C virus infection is a Participant_Condition, n = 1463 is a Participant_Sample-size, age ≥ 18 years is a Participant_Age, HCV infection is a Participant_Condition, include : having a HCV genotype 2 or 3 , being Central / South Asian , being White ( Caucasian or European heritage ) , increased weight , and increased spleen length is a Outcome_Physical, include : female gender , increased age , having a higher ALP plasma concentration , increased creatinine clearance , increased baseline lymphocytes count , and increased baseline platelet count is a Outcome_Physical	72138_task0	Sentence: Eltrombopag dose predictors in thrombocytopenic subjects with hepatitis C virus infection . This study aims to identify patient characteristics that predict effective eltrombopag dosage for the treatment of Hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) -related thrombocytopenia . Demographic , clinical and genetic data collected from thrombocytopenic patients ( n = 1463 , age ≥ 18 years ) with chronic HCV infection who were able to achieve a target platelet count of > 90 × 10 ( 9 ) /L following eltrombopag treatment . Patients were categorized into four groups ( 25 , 50 , 75 , and 100 mg ) based on the eltrombopag dose needed to achieve the target platelet count . Eltrombopag dose predictors were identified using a two stage approach . First , bivariate analysis , using anova for continuous variables and Chi-square test for categorical variables , was performed to identify possible predictors of eltrombopag dose ( P < 0.05 ) . Second , ordinal logistic regression with stepwise addition followed by backward deletion was then performed using predictors identified in bivariate analysis step to produce final model containing independent predictors at P < 0.05 . Ordinal logistic model identified several predictors of eltrombopag dose . Predictors of higher eltrombopag dose include : having a HCV genotype 2 or 3 , being Central/South Asian , being White ( Caucasian or European heritage ) , increased weight , and increased spleen length . Predictors of lower eltrombopag dose include : female gender , increased age , having a higher ALP plasma concentration , increased creatinine clearance , increased baseline lymphocytes count , and increased baseline platelet count . In conclusion , this study identified patient characteristics that predict effective eltrombopag dose for the treatment of HCV-related thrombocytopenia . Early selection of the optimal eltrombopag dose expedites the initiation of antiviral therapy . This is expected to improve the antiviral therapy outcome before the patient progress into liver decompensation . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Outcome_Physical, Participant_Age, Participant_Condition, Participant_Sample-size	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "B-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Eltrombopag dose predictors in thrombocytopenic subjects with hepatitis C virus infection . This study aims to identify patient characteristics that predict effective eltrombopag dosage for the treatment of Hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) -related thrombocytopenia . Demographic , clinical and genetic data collected from thrombocytopenic patients ( n = 1463 , age ≥ 18 years ) with chronic HCV infection who were able to achieve a target platelet count of > 90 × 10 ( 9 ) /L following eltrombopag treatment . Patients were categorized into four groups ( 25 , 50 , 75 , and 100 mg ) based on the eltrombopag dose needed to achieve the target platelet count . Eltrombopag dose predictors were identified using a two stage approach . First , bivariate analysis , using anova for continuous variables and Chi-square test for categorical variables , was performed to identify possible predictors of eltrombopag dose ( P < 0.05 ) . Second , ordinal logistic regression with stepwise addition followed by backward deletion was then performed using predictors identified in bivariate analysis step to produce final model containing independent predictors at P < 0.05 . Ordinal logistic model identified several predictors of eltrombopag dose . Predictors of higher eltrombopag dose include : having a HCV genotype 2 or 3 , being Central/South Asian , being White ( Caucasian or European heritage ) , increased weight , and increased spleen length . Predictors of lower eltrombopag dose include : female gender , increased age , having a higher ALP plasma concentration , increased creatinine clearance , increased baseline lymphocytes count , and increased baseline platelet count . In conclusion , this study identified patient characteristics that predict effective eltrombopag dose for the treatment of HCV-related thrombocytopenia . Early selection of the optimal eltrombopag dose expedites the initiation of antiviral therapy . This is expected to improve the antiviral therapy outcome before the patient progress into liver decompensation .	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Vergleichsanalyse is an umlsterm, Schaedel - Hirnverletzungen is an umlsterm, Methode is an umlsterm, SHT is an umlsterm, Hirnkontusionen is an umlsterm, SHT is an umlsterm, Gewalteinwirkung is an umlsterm, Hirnverletzungen is an umlsterm, Schaedelfrakturen is an umlsterm, Trepanationen is an umlsterm, Kontusion is an umlsterm, Unfall is an umlsterm, Verletzungen is an umlsterm, Gehirnes is an umlsterm

Rechtsmedizin.80090014.ger.abstr_task0

Sentence: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung : Vergleichsanalyse von Subduralhaematomen ( SDH ) mit bzw. ohne weitere Schaedel-Hirnverletzungen . Methode , Untersuchungsgut : 166 toedliche stumpfe Schaedel-Hirn-Traumen ( SHT ) 1987-1997 ; ein Untersucher . Im Material enthalten waren 42 SDH bei starken Hirnkontusionen und 30 isolierte SDH . Resultate : Bei SHT mit eindeutiger Ursache und Verletzungsrichtung ( Beispiel : Stuerze aus dem Stand ) hing die Haeufigkeit eines SDH von der Richtung der Gewalteinwirkung ab : bei occipitalem Aufschlag lag in 12 von 38 Faellen ein SDH vor , bei lateralem in 12 von 17 und bei frontalem in 4 von 5 Faellen . Faelle mit isoliertem SDH unterschieden sich deutlich von den mit Hirnverletzungen kombinierten SDH , u.a. durch die Verletzungsumstaende , das Vorliegen von Schaedelfrakturen , die Haeufigkeit noch erfolgter Klinikeinlieferungen und Trepanationen sowie den Anteil chronischer Alkoholiker . Aufgrund von Befunden und Umstaenden her unverdaechtige " Sturzereignisse " lagen 28 von 42 Faellen bei SDH mit Kontusion , aber nur 11 von 30 bei isoliertem SDH zugrunde ; bei Fremdeinwirkungen waren dies 5/42 bzw. 8/30 Faelle ; nicht zwischen Unfall und Fremdeinwirkung zu unterscheiden war bei der ersten Gruppe nur ein Fall , beim isolierten SDH waren es 11 von 30. Schlussfolgerung : Das isolierte SDH " " ist gutachtlich oft besonders problematisch , da hier haeufig folgende Faktoren kombiniert sind dubiose Umstaende , : verdaechtige Verletzungen , aber keine vom Befund her allein beweiskraeftige Rekonstruktion der Art der Einwirkung moeglich . In diesen Faellen ist ein besonders vorsichtiges und aufwendiges praeparatorisches Vorgehen bereits von der Entnahme des Gehirnes an notwendig , um ueber den Nachweis der Blutungsquelle die Frage nach einer tatsaechlich traumatischen Genese zuverlaessig beantworten zu koennen . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

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Zusammenfassung Fragestellung : Vergleichsanalyse von Subduralhaematomen ( SDH ) mit bzw. ohne weitere Schaedel-Hirnverletzungen . Methode , Untersuchungsgut : 166 toedliche stumpfe Schaedel-Hirn-Traumen ( SHT ) 1987-1997 ; ein Untersucher . Im Material enthalten waren 42 SDH bei starken Hirnkontusionen und 30 isolierte SDH . Resultate : Bei SHT mit eindeutiger Ursache und Verletzungsrichtung ( Beispiel : Stuerze aus dem Stand ) hing die Haeufigkeit eines SDH von der Richtung der Gewalteinwirkung ab : bei occipitalem Aufschlag lag in 12 von 38 Faellen ein SDH vor , bei lateralem in 12 von 17 und bei frontalem in 4 von 5 Faellen . Faelle mit isoliertem SDH unterschieden sich deutlich von den mit Hirnverletzungen kombinierten SDH , u.a. durch die Verletzungsumstaende , das Vorliegen von Schaedelfrakturen , die Haeufigkeit noch erfolgter Klinikeinlieferungen und Trepanationen sowie den Anteil chronischer Alkoholiker . Aufgrund von Befunden und Umstaenden her unverdaechtige " Sturzereignisse " lagen 28 von 42 Faellen bei SDH mit Kontusion , aber nur 11 von 30 bei isoliertem SDH zugrunde ; bei Fremdeinwirkungen waren dies 5/42 bzw. 8/30 Faelle ; nicht zwischen Unfall und Fremdeinwirkung zu unterscheiden war bei der ersten Gruppe nur ein Fall , beim isolierten SDH waren es 11 von 30. Schlussfolgerung : Das isolierte SDH " " ist gutachtlich oft besonders problematisch , da hier haeufig folgende Faktoren kombiniert sind dubiose Umstaende , : verdaechtige Verletzungen , aber keine vom Befund her allein beweiskraeftige Rekonstruktion der Art der Einwirkung moeglich . In diesen Faellen ist ein besonders vorsichtiges und aufwendiges praeparatorisches Vorgehen bereits von der Entnahme des Gehirnes an notwendig , um ueber den Nachweis der Blutungsquelle die Frage nach einer tatsaechlich traumatischen Genese zuverlaessig beantworten zu koennen .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Vergleichsanalyse is an umlsterm, Schaedel - Hirnverletzungen is an umlsterm, Methode is an umlsterm, SHT is an umlsterm, Hirnkontusionen is an umlsterm, SHT is an umlsterm, Gewalteinwirkung is an umlsterm, Hirnverletzungen is an umlsterm, Schaedelfrakturen is an umlsterm, Trepanationen is an umlsterm, Kontusion is an umlsterm, Unfall is an umlsterm, Verletzungen is an umlsterm, Gehirnes is an umlsterm

Rechtsmedizin.80090014.ger.abstr_task1

Sentence: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung : Vergleichsanalyse von Subduralhaematomen ( SDH ) mit bzw. ohne weitere Schaedel-Hirnverletzungen . Methode , Untersuchungsgut : 166 toedliche stumpfe Schaedel-Hirn-Traumen ( SHT ) 1987-1997 ; ein Untersucher . Im Material enthalten waren 42 SDH bei starken Hirnkontusionen und 30 isolierte SDH . Resultate : Bei SHT mit eindeutiger Ursache und Verletzungsrichtung ( Beispiel : Stuerze aus dem Stand ) hing die Haeufigkeit eines SDH von der Richtung der Gewalteinwirkung ab : bei occipitalem Aufschlag lag in 12 von 38 Faellen ein SDH vor , bei lateralem in 12 von 17 und bei frontalem in 4 von 5 Faellen . Faelle mit isoliertem SDH unterschieden sich deutlich von den mit Hirnverletzungen kombinierten SDH , u.a. durch die Verletzungsumstaende , das Vorliegen von Schaedelfrakturen , die Haeufigkeit noch erfolgter Klinikeinlieferungen und Trepanationen sowie den Anteil chronischer Alkoholiker . Aufgrund von Befunden und Umstaenden her unverdaechtige " Sturzereignisse " lagen 28 von 42 Faellen bei SDH mit Kontusion , aber nur 11 von 30 bei isoliertem SDH zugrunde ; bei Fremdeinwirkungen waren dies 5/42 bzw. 8/30 Faelle ; nicht zwischen Unfall und Fremdeinwirkung zu unterscheiden war bei der ersten Gruppe nur ein Fall , beim isolierten SDH waren es 11 von 30. Schlussfolgerung : Das isolierte SDH " " ist gutachtlich oft besonders problematisch , da hier haeufig folgende Faktoren kombiniert sind dubiose Umstaende , : verdaechtige Verletzungen , aber keine vom Befund her allein beweiskraeftige Rekonstruktion der Art der Einwirkung moeglich . In diesen Faellen ist ein besonders vorsichtiges und aufwendiges praeparatorisches Vorgehen bereits von der Entnahme des Gehirnes an notwendig , um ueber den Nachweis der Blutungsquelle die Frage nach einer tatsaechlich traumatischen Genese zuverlaessig beantworten zu koennen . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Vergleichsanalyse, Schaedel - Hirnverletzungen, Methode, SHT, Hirnkontusionen, SHT, Gewalteinwirkung, Hirnverletzungen, Schaedelfrakturen, Trepanationen, Kontusion, Unfall, Verletzungen, Gehirnes Options: umlsterm

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Zusammenfassung Fragestellung : Vergleichsanalyse von Subduralhaematomen ( SDH ) mit bzw. ohne weitere Schaedel-Hirnverletzungen . Methode , Untersuchungsgut : 166 toedliche stumpfe Schaedel-Hirn-Traumen ( SHT ) 1987-1997 ; ein Untersucher . Im Material enthalten waren 42 SDH bei starken Hirnkontusionen und 30 isolierte SDH . Resultate : Bei SHT mit eindeutiger Ursache und Verletzungsrichtung ( Beispiel : Stuerze aus dem Stand ) hing die Haeufigkeit eines SDH von der Richtung der Gewalteinwirkung ab : bei occipitalem Aufschlag lag in 12 von 38 Faellen ein SDH vor , bei lateralem in 12 von 17 und bei frontalem in 4 von 5 Faellen . Faelle mit isoliertem SDH unterschieden sich deutlich von den mit Hirnverletzungen kombinierten SDH , u.a. durch die Verletzungsumstaende , das Vorliegen von Schaedelfrakturen , die Haeufigkeit noch erfolgter Klinikeinlieferungen und Trepanationen sowie den Anteil chronischer Alkoholiker . Aufgrund von Befunden und Umstaenden her unverdaechtige " Sturzereignisse " lagen 28 von 42 Faellen bei SDH mit Kontusion , aber nur 11 von 30 bei isoliertem SDH zugrunde ; bei Fremdeinwirkungen waren dies 5/42 bzw. 8/30 Faelle ; nicht zwischen Unfall und Fremdeinwirkung zu unterscheiden war bei der ersten Gruppe nur ein Fall , beim isolierten SDH waren es 11 von 30. Schlussfolgerung : Das isolierte SDH " " ist gutachtlich oft besonders problematisch , da hier haeufig folgende Faktoren kombiniert sind dubiose Umstaende , : verdaechtige Verletzungen , aber keine vom Befund her allein beweiskraeftige Rekonstruktion der Art der Einwirkung moeglich . In diesen Faellen ist ein besonders vorsichtiges und aufwendiges praeparatorisches Vorgehen bereits von der Entnahme des Gehirnes an notwendig , um ueber den Nachweis der Blutungsquelle die Frage nach einer tatsaechlich traumatischen Genese zuverlaessig beantworten zu koennen .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Vergleichsanalyse, Schaedel - Hirnverletzungen, Methode, SHT, Hirnkontusionen, SHT, Gewalteinwirkung, Hirnverletzungen, Schaedelfrakturen, Trepanationen, Kontusion, Unfall, Verletzungen, Gehirnes

Rechtsmedizin.80090014.ger.abstr_task2

Sentence: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung : Vergleichsanalyse von Subduralhaematomen ( SDH ) mit bzw. ohne weitere Schaedel-Hirnverletzungen . Methode , Untersuchungsgut : 166 toedliche stumpfe Schaedel-Hirn-Traumen ( SHT ) 1987-1997 ; ein Untersucher . Im Material enthalten waren 42 SDH bei starken Hirnkontusionen und 30 isolierte SDH . Resultate : Bei SHT mit eindeutiger Ursache und Verletzungsrichtung ( Beispiel : Stuerze aus dem Stand ) hing die Haeufigkeit eines SDH von der Richtung der Gewalteinwirkung ab : bei occipitalem Aufschlag lag in 12 von 38 Faellen ein SDH vor , bei lateralem in 12 von 17 und bei frontalem in 4 von 5 Faellen . Faelle mit isoliertem SDH unterschieden sich deutlich von den mit Hirnverletzungen kombinierten SDH , u.a. durch die Verletzungsumstaende , das Vorliegen von Schaedelfrakturen , die Haeufigkeit noch erfolgter Klinikeinlieferungen und Trepanationen sowie den Anteil chronischer Alkoholiker . Aufgrund von Befunden und Umstaenden her unverdaechtige " Sturzereignisse " lagen 28 von 42 Faellen bei SDH mit Kontusion , aber nur 11 von 30 bei isoliertem SDH zugrunde ; bei Fremdeinwirkungen waren dies 5/42 bzw. 8/30 Faelle ; nicht zwischen Unfall und Fremdeinwirkung zu unterscheiden war bei der ersten Gruppe nur ein Fall , beim isolierten SDH waren es 11 von 30. Schlussfolgerung : Das isolierte SDH " " ist gutachtlich oft besonders problematisch , da hier haeufig folgende Faktoren kombiniert sind dubiose Umstaende , : verdaechtige Verletzungen , aber keine vom Befund her allein beweiskraeftige Rekonstruktion der Art der Einwirkung moeglich . In diesen Faellen ist ein besonders vorsichtiges und aufwendiges praeparatorisches Vorgehen bereits von der Entnahme des Gehirnes an notwendig , um ueber den Nachweis der Blutungsquelle die Frage nach einer tatsaechlich traumatischen Genese zuverlaessig beantworten zu koennen . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Zusammenfassung Fragestellung : Vergleichsanalyse von Subduralhaematomen ( SDH ) mit bzw. ohne weitere Schaedel-Hirnverletzungen . Methode , Untersuchungsgut : 166 toedliche stumpfe Schaedel-Hirn-Traumen ( SHT ) 1987-1997 ; ein Untersucher . Im Material enthalten waren 42 SDH bei starken Hirnkontusionen und 30 isolierte SDH . Resultate : Bei SHT mit eindeutiger Ursache und Verletzungsrichtung ( Beispiel : Stuerze aus dem Stand ) hing die Haeufigkeit eines SDH von der Richtung der Gewalteinwirkung ab : bei occipitalem Aufschlag lag in 12 von 38 Faellen ein SDH vor , bei lateralem in 12 von 17 und bei frontalem in 4 von 5 Faellen . Faelle mit isoliertem SDH unterschieden sich deutlich von den mit Hirnverletzungen kombinierten SDH , u.a. durch die Verletzungsumstaende , das Vorliegen von Schaedelfrakturen , die Haeufigkeit noch erfolgter Klinikeinlieferungen und Trepanationen sowie den Anteil chronischer Alkoholiker . Aufgrund von Befunden und Umstaenden her unverdaechtige " Sturzereignisse " lagen 28 von 42 Faellen bei SDH mit Kontusion , aber nur 11 von 30 bei isoliertem SDH zugrunde ; bei Fremdeinwirkungen waren dies 5/42 bzw. 8/30 Faelle ; nicht zwischen Unfall und Fremdeinwirkung zu unterscheiden war bei der ersten Gruppe nur ein Fall , beim isolierten SDH waren es 11 von 30. Schlussfolgerung : Das isolierte SDH " " ist gutachtlich oft besonders problematisch , da hier haeufig folgende Faktoren kombiniert sind dubiose Umstaende , : verdaechtige Verletzungen , aber keine vom Befund her allein beweiskraeftige Rekonstruktion der Art der Einwirkung moeglich . In diesen Faellen ist ein besonders vorsichtiges und aufwendiges praeparatorisches Vorgehen bereits von der Entnahme des Gehirnes an notwendig , um ueber den Nachweis der Blutungsquelle die Frage nach einer tatsaechlich traumatischen Genese zuverlaessig beantworten zu koennen .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Caudal epidural analgesia is a Intervention_Pharmacological, lidocaine alone is a Intervention_Pharmacological, combination with ketamine is a Intervention_Pharmacological, lidocaine and a combination of lidocaine and ketamine is a Intervention_Pharmacological, epidural lidocaine is a Intervention_Pharmacological, lidocaine - ketamine mixture is a Intervention_Pharmacological, lidocaine - ketamine mixture . is a Intervention_Pharmacological, lidocaine plus ketamine is a Intervention_Pharmacological

65603_task0

Sentence: Caudal epidural analgesia using lidocaine alone or in combination with ketamine in dromedary camels Camelus dromedarius . This study was performed to investigate the analgesic effect of lidocaine and a combination of lidocaine and ketamine following epidural administration in dromedary camels . Ten 12-18-month-old camels were randomly divided into two equal groups . In group L , the animals received 2 % lidocaine ( 0.22 mg/kg ) and in group LK the animals received a mixture of 10 % ketamine ( 1 mg/kg ) and 2 % lidocaine ( 0.22 mg/kg ) administered into the first intercoccygeal ( Co1-Co2 ) epidural space while standing . Onset time and duration of caudal analgesia , sedation level and ataxia were recorded after drug administration . Data were analysed by U Mann-Whitney tests and significance was taken as p & lt ; 0.05 . The results showed that epidural lidocaine and co-administration of lidocaine and ketamine produced complete analgesia in the tail , anus and perineum . Epidural administration of the lidocaine-ketamine mixture resulted in mild to moderate sedation , whilst the animals that received epidural lidocaine alone were alert and nervous during the study . Ataxia was observed in all test subjects and was slightly more severe in camels that received the lidocaine-ketamine mixture . It was concluded that epidural administration of lidocaine plus ketamine resulted in longer caudal analgesia in standing conscious dromedary camels compared with the effect of administering lidocaine alone . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Pharmacological

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Caudal epidural analgesia using lidocaine alone or in combination with ketamine in dromedary camels Camelus dromedarius . This study was performed to investigate the analgesic effect of lidocaine and a combination of lidocaine and ketamine following epidural administration in dromedary camels . Ten 12-18-month-old camels were randomly divided into two equal groups . In group L , the animals received 2 % lidocaine ( 0.22 mg/kg ) and in group LK the animals received a mixture of 10 % ketamine ( 1 mg/kg ) and 2 % lidocaine ( 0.22 mg/kg ) administered into the first intercoccygeal ( Co1-Co2 ) epidural space while standing . Onset time and duration of caudal analgesia , sedation level and ataxia were recorded after drug administration . Data were analysed by U Mann-Whitney tests and significance was taken as p & lt ; 0.05 . The results showed that epidural lidocaine and co-administration of lidocaine and ketamine produced complete analgesia in the tail , anus and perineum . Epidural administration of the lidocaine-ketamine mixture resulted in mild to moderate sedation , whilst the animals that received epidural lidocaine alone were alert and nervous during the study . Ataxia was observed in all test subjects and was slightly more severe in camels that received the lidocaine-ketamine mixture . It was concluded that epidural administration of lidocaine plus ketamine resulted in longer caudal analgesia in standing conscious dromedary camels compared with the effect of administering lidocaine alone .

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[ "Intervention_Pharmacological" ]

Caudal epidural analgesia is a Intervention_Pharmacological, lidocaine alone is a Intervention_Pharmacological, combination with ketamine is a Intervention_Pharmacological, lidocaine and a combination of lidocaine and ketamine is a Intervention_Pharmacological, epidural lidocaine is a Intervention_Pharmacological, lidocaine - ketamine mixture is a Intervention_Pharmacological, lidocaine - ketamine mixture . is a Intervention_Pharmacological, lidocaine plus ketamine is a Intervention_Pharmacological

65603_task1

Sentence: Caudal epidural analgesia using lidocaine alone or in combination with ketamine in dromedary camels Camelus dromedarius . This study was performed to investigate the analgesic effect of lidocaine and a combination of lidocaine and ketamine following epidural administration in dromedary camels . Ten 12-18-month-old camels were randomly divided into two equal groups . In group L , the animals received 2 % lidocaine ( 0.22 mg/kg ) and in group LK the animals received a mixture of 10 % ketamine ( 1 mg/kg ) and 2 % lidocaine ( 0.22 mg/kg ) administered into the first intercoccygeal ( Co1-Co2 ) epidural space while standing . Onset time and duration of caudal analgesia , sedation level and ataxia were recorded after drug administration . Data were analysed by U Mann-Whitney tests and significance was taken as p & lt ; 0.05 . The results showed that epidural lidocaine and co-administration of lidocaine and ketamine produced complete analgesia in the tail , anus and perineum . Epidural administration of the lidocaine-ketamine mixture resulted in mild to moderate sedation , whilst the animals that received epidural lidocaine alone were alert and nervous during the study . Ataxia was observed in all test subjects and was slightly more severe in camels that received the lidocaine-ketamine mixture . It was concluded that epidural administration of lidocaine plus ketamine resulted in longer caudal analgesia in standing conscious dromedary camels compared with the effect of administering lidocaine alone . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Caudal epidural analgesia, lidocaine alone, combination with ketamine, lidocaine and a combination of lidocaine and ketamine, epidural lidocaine, lidocaine - ketamine mixture, lidocaine - ketamine mixture ., lidocaine plus ketamine Options: Intervention_Pharmacological

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Caudal epidural analgesia using lidocaine alone or in combination with ketamine in dromedary camels Camelus dromedarius . This study was performed to investigate the analgesic effect of lidocaine and a combination of lidocaine and ketamine following epidural administration in dromedary camels . Ten 12-18-month-old camels were randomly divided into two equal groups . In group L , the animals received 2 % lidocaine ( 0.22 mg/kg ) and in group LK the animals received a mixture of 10 % ketamine ( 1 mg/kg ) and 2 % lidocaine ( 0.22 mg/kg ) administered into the first intercoccygeal ( Co1-Co2 ) epidural space while standing . Onset time and duration of caudal analgesia , sedation level and ataxia were recorded after drug administration . Data were analysed by U Mann-Whitney tests and significance was taken as p & lt ; 0.05 . The results showed that epidural lidocaine and co-administration of lidocaine and ketamine produced complete analgesia in the tail , anus and perineum . Epidural administration of the lidocaine-ketamine mixture resulted in mild to moderate sedation , whilst the animals that received epidural lidocaine alone were alert and nervous during the study . Ataxia was observed in all test subjects and was slightly more severe in camels that received the lidocaine-ketamine mixture . It was concluded that epidural administration of lidocaine plus ketamine resulted in longer caudal analgesia in standing conscious dromedary camels compared with the effect of administering lidocaine alone .

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[ "Intervention_Pharmacological" ]

Caudal epidural analgesia, lidocaine alone, combination with ketamine, lidocaine and a combination of lidocaine and ketamine, epidural lidocaine, lidocaine - ketamine mixture, lidocaine - ketamine mixture ., lidocaine plus ketamine

65603_task2

Sentence: Caudal epidural analgesia using lidocaine alone or in combination with ketamine in dromedary camels Camelus dromedarius . This study was performed to investigate the analgesic effect of lidocaine and a combination of lidocaine and ketamine following epidural administration in dromedary camels . Ten 12-18-month-old camels were randomly divided into two equal groups . In group L , the animals received 2 % lidocaine ( 0.22 mg/kg ) and in group LK the animals received a mixture of 10 % ketamine ( 1 mg/kg ) and 2 % lidocaine ( 0.22 mg/kg ) administered into the first intercoccygeal ( Co1-Co2 ) epidural space while standing . Onset time and duration of caudal analgesia , sedation level and ataxia were recorded after drug administration . Data were analysed by U Mann-Whitney tests and significance was taken as p & lt ; 0.05 . The results showed that epidural lidocaine and co-administration of lidocaine and ketamine produced complete analgesia in the tail , anus and perineum . Epidural administration of the lidocaine-ketamine mixture resulted in mild to moderate sedation , whilst the animals that received epidural lidocaine alone were alert and nervous during the study . Ataxia was observed in all test subjects and was slightly more severe in camels that received the lidocaine-ketamine mixture . It was concluded that epidural administration of lidocaine plus ketamine resulted in longer caudal analgesia in standing conscious dromedary camels compared with the effect of administering lidocaine alone . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Caudal epidural analgesia using lidocaine alone or in combination with ketamine in dromedary camels Camelus dromedarius . This study was performed to investigate the analgesic effect of lidocaine and a combination of lidocaine and ketamine following epidural administration in dromedary camels . Ten 12-18-month-old camels were randomly divided into two equal groups . In group L , the animals received 2 % lidocaine ( 0.22 mg/kg ) and in group LK the animals received a mixture of 10 % ketamine ( 1 mg/kg ) and 2 % lidocaine ( 0.22 mg/kg ) administered into the first intercoccygeal ( Co1-Co2 ) epidural space while standing . Onset time and duration of caudal analgesia , sedation level and ataxia were recorded after drug administration . Data were analysed by U Mann-Whitney tests and significance was taken as p & lt ; 0.05 . The results showed that epidural lidocaine and co-administration of lidocaine and ketamine produced complete analgesia in the tail , anus and perineum . Epidural administration of the lidocaine-ketamine mixture resulted in mild to moderate sedation , whilst the animals that received epidural lidocaine alone were alert and nervous during the study . Ataxia was observed in all test subjects and was slightly more severe in camels that received the lidocaine-ketamine mixture . It was concluded that epidural administration of lidocaine plus ketamine resulted in longer caudal analgesia in standing conscious dromedary camels compared with the effect of administering lidocaine alone .

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[ "Intervention_Pharmacological" ]

SOX3 is a Gene, COL23A1 is a Gene, SOX3 is a Gene, PRMT10 is a Gene, TMEM184C is a Gene, ARHGAP10 is a Gene, EDNRA is a Gene

266_task0

Sentence: X-linked congenital hypertrichosis syndrome is associated with interchromosomal insertions mediated by a human-specific palindrome near SOX3. X-linked congenital generalized hypertrichosis (CGH), an extremely rare condition characterized by universal overgrowth of terminal hair, was first mapped to chromosome Xq24-q27.1 in a Mexican family. However, the underlying genetic defect remains unknown. We ascertained a large Chinese family with an X-linked congenital hypertrichosis syndrome combining CGH, scoliosis, and spina bifida and mapped the disease locus to a 5.6 Mb critical region within the interval defined by the previously reported Mexican family. Through the combination of a high-resolution copy-number variation (CNV) scan and targeted genomic sequencing, we identified an interchromosomal insertion at Xq27.1 of a 125,577 bp intragenic fragment of COL23A1 on 5q35.3, with one X breakpoint within and the other very close to a human-specific short palindromic sequence located 82 kb downstream of SOX3. In the Mexican family, we found an interchromosomal insertion at the same Xq27.1 site of a 300,036 bp genomic fragment on 4q31.2, encompassing PRMT10 and TMEM184C and involving parts of ARHGAP10 and EDNRA. Notably, both of the two X breakpoints were within the short palindrome. The two palindrome-mediated insertions fully segregate with the CGH phenotype in each of the families, and the CNV gains of the respective autosomal genomic segments are not present in the public database and were not found in 1274 control individuals. Analysis of control individuals revealed deletions ranging from 173 bp to 9104 bp at the site of the insertions with no phenotypic consequence. Taken together, our results strongly support the pathogenicity of the identified insertions and establish X-linked congenital hypertrichosis syndrome as a genomic disorder. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Gene

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X-linked congenital hypertrichosis syndrome is associated with interchromosomal insertions mediated by a human-specific palindrome near SOX3. X-linked congenital generalized hypertrichosis (CGH), an extremely rare condition characterized by universal overgrowth of terminal hair, was first mapped to chromosome Xq24-q27.1 in a Mexican family. However, the underlying genetic defect remains unknown. We ascertained a large Chinese family with an X-linked congenital hypertrichosis syndrome combining CGH, scoliosis, and spina bifida and mapped the disease locus to a 5.6 Mb critical region within the interval defined by the previously reported Mexican family. Through the combination of a high-resolution copy-number variation (CNV) scan and targeted genomic sequencing, we identified an interchromosomal insertion at Xq27.1 of a 125,577 bp intragenic fragment of COL23A1 on 5q35.3, with one X breakpoint within and the other very close to a human-specific short palindromic sequence located 82 kb downstream of SOX3. In the Mexican family, we found an interchromosomal insertion at the same Xq27.1 site of a 300,036 bp genomic fragment on 4q31.2, encompassing PRMT10 and TMEM184C and involving parts of ARHGAP10 and EDNRA. Notably, both of the two X breakpoints were within the short palindrome. The two palindrome-mediated insertions fully segregate with the CGH phenotype in each of the families, and the CNV gains of the respective autosomal genomic segments are not present in the public database and were not found in 1274 control individuals. Analysis of control individuals revealed deletions ranging from 173 bp to 9104 bp at the site of the insertions with no phenotypic consequence. Taken together, our results strongly support the pathogenicity of the identified insertions and establish X-linked congenital hypertrichosis syndrome as a genomic disorder.

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[ "Gene" ]

SOX3 is a Gene, COL23A1 is a Gene, SOX3 is a Gene, PRMT10 is a Gene, TMEM184C is a Gene, ARHGAP10 is a Gene, EDNRA is a Gene

266_task1

Sentence: X-linked congenital hypertrichosis syndrome is associated with interchromosomal insertions mediated by a human-specific palindrome near SOX3. X-linked congenital generalized hypertrichosis (CGH), an extremely rare condition characterized by universal overgrowth of terminal hair, was first mapped to chromosome Xq24-q27.1 in a Mexican family. However, the underlying genetic defect remains unknown. We ascertained a large Chinese family with an X-linked congenital hypertrichosis syndrome combining CGH, scoliosis, and spina bifida and mapped the disease locus to a 5.6 Mb critical region within the interval defined by the previously reported Mexican family. Through the combination of a high-resolution copy-number variation (CNV) scan and targeted genomic sequencing, we identified an interchromosomal insertion at Xq27.1 of a 125,577 bp intragenic fragment of COL23A1 on 5q35.3, with one X breakpoint within and the other very close to a human-specific short palindromic sequence located 82 kb downstream of SOX3. In the Mexican family, we found an interchromosomal insertion at the same Xq27.1 site of a 300,036 bp genomic fragment on 4q31.2, encompassing PRMT10 and TMEM184C and involving parts of ARHGAP10 and EDNRA. Notably, both of the two X breakpoints were within the short palindrome. The two palindrome-mediated insertions fully segregate with the CGH phenotype in each of the families, and the CNV gains of the respective autosomal genomic segments are not present in the public database and were not found in 1274 control individuals. Analysis of control individuals revealed deletions ranging from 173 bp to 9104 bp at the site of the insertions with no phenotypic consequence. Taken together, our results strongly support the pathogenicity of the identified insertions and establish X-linked congenital hypertrichosis syndrome as a genomic disorder. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: SOX3, COL23A1, SOX3, PRMT10, TMEM184C, ARHGAP10, EDNRA Options: Gene

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X-linked congenital hypertrichosis syndrome is associated with interchromosomal insertions mediated by a human-specific palindrome near SOX3. X-linked congenital generalized hypertrichosis (CGH), an extremely rare condition characterized by universal overgrowth of terminal hair, was first mapped to chromosome Xq24-q27.1 in a Mexican family. However, the underlying genetic defect remains unknown. We ascertained a large Chinese family with an X-linked congenital hypertrichosis syndrome combining CGH, scoliosis, and spina bifida and mapped the disease locus to a 5.6 Mb critical region within the interval defined by the previously reported Mexican family. Through the combination of a high-resolution copy-number variation (CNV) scan and targeted genomic sequencing, we identified an interchromosomal insertion at Xq27.1 of a 125,577 bp intragenic fragment of COL23A1 on 5q35.3, with one X breakpoint within and the other very close to a human-specific short palindromic sequence located 82 kb downstream of SOX3. In the Mexican family, we found an interchromosomal insertion at the same Xq27.1 site of a 300,036 bp genomic fragment on 4q31.2, encompassing PRMT10 and TMEM184C and involving parts of ARHGAP10 and EDNRA. Notably, both of the two X breakpoints were within the short palindrome. The two palindrome-mediated insertions fully segregate with the CGH phenotype in each of the families, and the CNV gains of the respective autosomal genomic segments are not present in the public database and were not found in 1274 control individuals. Analysis of control individuals revealed deletions ranging from 173 bp to 9104 bp at the site of the insertions with no phenotypic consequence. Taken together, our results strongly support the pathogenicity of the identified insertions and establish X-linked congenital hypertrichosis syndrome as a genomic disorder.

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[ "Gene" ]

SOX3, COL23A1, SOX3, PRMT10, TMEM184C, ARHGAP10, EDNRA

266_task2

Sentence: X-linked congenital hypertrichosis syndrome is associated with interchromosomal insertions mediated by a human-specific palindrome near SOX3. X-linked congenital generalized hypertrichosis (CGH), an extremely rare condition characterized by universal overgrowth of terminal hair, was first mapped to chromosome Xq24-q27.1 in a Mexican family. However, the underlying genetic defect remains unknown. We ascertained a large Chinese family with an X-linked congenital hypertrichosis syndrome combining CGH, scoliosis, and spina bifida and mapped the disease locus to a 5.6 Mb critical region within the interval defined by the previously reported Mexican family. Through the combination of a high-resolution copy-number variation (CNV) scan and targeted genomic sequencing, we identified an interchromosomal insertion at Xq27.1 of a 125,577 bp intragenic fragment of COL23A1 on 5q35.3, with one X breakpoint within and the other very close to a human-specific short palindromic sequence located 82 kb downstream of SOX3. In the Mexican family, we found an interchromosomal insertion at the same Xq27.1 site of a 300,036 bp genomic fragment on 4q31.2, encompassing PRMT10 and TMEM184C and involving parts of ARHGAP10 and EDNRA. Notably, both of the two X breakpoints were within the short palindrome. The two palindrome-mediated insertions fully segregate with the CGH phenotype in each of the families, and the CNV gains of the respective autosomal genomic segments are not present in the public database and were not found in 1274 control individuals. Analysis of control individuals revealed deletions ranging from 173 bp to 9104 bp at the site of the insertions with no phenotypic consequence. Taken together, our results strongly support the pathogenicity of the identified insertions and establish X-linked congenital hypertrichosis syndrome as a genomic disorder. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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X-linked congenital hypertrichosis syndrome is associated with interchromosomal insertions mediated by a human-specific palindrome near SOX3. X-linked congenital generalized hypertrichosis (CGH), an extremely rare condition characterized by universal overgrowth of terminal hair, was first mapped to chromosome Xq24-q27.1 in a Mexican family. However, the underlying genetic defect remains unknown. We ascertained a large Chinese family with an X-linked congenital hypertrichosis syndrome combining CGH, scoliosis, and spina bifida and mapped the disease locus to a 5.6 Mb critical region within the interval defined by the previously reported Mexican family. Through the combination of a high-resolution copy-number variation (CNV) scan and targeted genomic sequencing, we identified an interchromosomal insertion at Xq27.1 of a 125,577 bp intragenic fragment of COL23A1 on 5q35.3, with one X breakpoint within and the other very close to a human-specific short palindromic sequence located 82 kb downstream of SOX3. In the Mexican family, we found an interchromosomal insertion at the same Xq27.1 site of a 300,036 bp genomic fragment on 4q31.2, encompassing PRMT10 and TMEM184C and involving parts of ARHGAP10 and EDNRA. Notably, both of the two X breakpoints were within the short palindrome. The two palindrome-mediated insertions fully segregate with the CGH phenotype in each of the families, and the CNV gains of the respective autosomal genomic segments are not present in the public database and were not found in 1274 control individuals. Analysis of control individuals revealed deletions ranging from 173 bp to 9104 bp at the site of the insertions with no phenotypic consequence. Taken together, our results strongly support the pathogenicity of the identified insertions and establish X-linked congenital hypertrichosis syndrome as a genomic disorder.

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[ "Gene" ]

p50 subunit is a Protein, interleukin 6 is a Protein, interleukin 10 is a Protein, granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor is a Protein, macrophage colony - stimulating factor is a Protein

7998962_task0

Sentence: Constitutive nuclear NF-kappa B in cells of the monocyte lineage. In monocytes, the nuclear factor NF-kappa B has been invoked as an important transcription factor in the expression of cytokine genes, of cell-surface receptors and in the expression of human immunodeficiency virus. In such cells, DNA binding activity of NF-kappa B can be detected without intentional stimulation. In our studies, cells of the human monocytic line Mono Mac 6, cultured in medium containing fetal-calf serum and low levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also exhibit such 'constitutive' NF-kappa B, as demonstrated by mobility-shift analysis of nuclear extracts. This nuclear NF-kappa B was still present when contaminant LPS was removed by ultrafiltration and when serum was omitted. Protein-DNA complexes of constitutive NF-kappa B are similar in mobility to the LPS-induced NF-kappa B and both are recognized by an antibody specific to the p50 subunit of NF-kappa B. By contrast, treatment of cells with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) will only block LPS-induced NF-kappa B, but not the constitutive binding protein. Using LPS-free and serum-free conditions, constitutive NF-kappa B can be detected in different cell lines of the monocytic lineage (HL60, U937, THP-1, Mono Mac 1 and Mono Mac 6), but not in Molt 4 T cells or K562 stem cells. When ordered according to stage of maturation, the amount of constitutive NF-kappa B was not increased in more mature cell lines. Furthermore, when inducing differentiation in Mono Mac 6 cells, with vitamin D3, no change in constitutive or inducible NF-kappa B can be detected. Analysis of primary cells revealed substantial constitutive NF-kappa B-binding activity in blood monocytes, pleural macrophages and alveolar macrophages. The constitutive NF-kappa B appears to be functionally active, since a low level of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) transcript is detectable in monocytes, and this level can be increased by blocking transcript degradation using cycloheximide. The level of constitutive NF-kappa B in these cells is variable and is frequently found to be lower in the more mature macrophages. Constitutive NF-kappa B was not maintained by autocrine action of cytokines TNF, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or macrophage colony-stimulating factor, since neutralizing antibodies did not reduce constitutive DNA-binding activity. Furthermore, blockade of prostaglandin or leukotriene biosynthesis did not affect constitutive NF-kappa B. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Protein

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Constitutive nuclear NF-kappa B in cells of the monocyte lineage. In monocytes, the nuclear factor NF-kappa B has been invoked as an important transcription factor in the expression of cytokine genes, of cell-surface receptors and in the expression of human immunodeficiency virus. In such cells, DNA binding activity of NF-kappa B can be detected without intentional stimulation. In our studies, cells of the human monocytic line Mono Mac 6, cultured in medium containing fetal-calf serum and low levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also exhibit such 'constitutive' NF-kappa B, as demonstrated by mobility-shift analysis of nuclear extracts. This nuclear NF-kappa B was still present when contaminant LPS was removed by ultrafiltration and when serum was omitted. Protein-DNA complexes of constitutive NF-kappa B are similar in mobility to the LPS-induced NF-kappa B and both are recognized by an antibody specific to the p50 subunit of NF-kappa B. By contrast, treatment of cells with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) will only block LPS-induced NF-kappa B, but not the constitutive binding protein. Using LPS-free and serum-free conditions, constitutive NF-kappa B can be detected in different cell lines of the monocytic lineage (HL60, U937, THP-1, Mono Mac 1 and Mono Mac 6), but not in Molt 4 T cells or K562 stem cells. When ordered according to stage of maturation, the amount of constitutive NF-kappa B was not increased in more mature cell lines. Furthermore, when inducing differentiation in Mono Mac 6 cells, with vitamin D3, no change in constitutive or inducible NF-kappa B can be detected. Analysis of primary cells revealed substantial constitutive NF-kappa B-binding activity in blood monocytes, pleural macrophages and alveolar macrophages. The constitutive NF-kappa B appears to be functionally active, since a low level of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) transcript is detectable in monocytes, and this level can be increased by blocking transcript degradation using cycloheximide. The level of constitutive NF-kappa B in these cells is variable and is frequently found to be lower in the more mature macrophages. Constitutive NF-kappa B was not maintained by autocrine action of cytokines TNF, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or macrophage colony-stimulating factor, since neutralizing antibodies did not reduce constitutive DNA-binding activity. Furthermore, blockade of prostaglandin or leukotriene biosynthesis did not affect constitutive NF-kappa B. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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[ "Protein" ]

p50 subunit is a Protein, interleukin 6 is a Protein, interleukin 10 is a Protein, granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor is a Protein, macrophage colony - stimulating factor is a Protein

7998962_task1

Sentence: Constitutive nuclear NF-kappa B in cells of the monocyte lineage. In monocytes, the nuclear factor NF-kappa B has been invoked as an important transcription factor in the expression of cytokine genes, of cell-surface receptors and in the expression of human immunodeficiency virus. In such cells, DNA binding activity of NF-kappa B can be detected without intentional stimulation. In our studies, cells of the human monocytic line Mono Mac 6, cultured in medium containing fetal-calf serum and low levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also exhibit such 'constitutive' NF-kappa B, as demonstrated by mobility-shift analysis of nuclear extracts. This nuclear NF-kappa B was still present when contaminant LPS was removed by ultrafiltration and when serum was omitted. Protein-DNA complexes of constitutive NF-kappa B are similar in mobility to the LPS-induced NF-kappa B and both are recognized by an antibody specific to the p50 subunit of NF-kappa B. By contrast, treatment of cells with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) will only block LPS-induced NF-kappa B, but not the constitutive binding protein. Using LPS-free and serum-free conditions, constitutive NF-kappa B can be detected in different cell lines of the monocytic lineage (HL60, U937, THP-1, Mono Mac 1 and Mono Mac 6), but not in Molt 4 T cells or K562 stem cells. When ordered according to stage of maturation, the amount of constitutive NF-kappa B was not increased in more mature cell lines. Furthermore, when inducing differentiation in Mono Mac 6 cells, with vitamin D3, no change in constitutive or inducible NF-kappa B can be detected. Analysis of primary cells revealed substantial constitutive NF-kappa B-binding activity in blood monocytes, pleural macrophages and alveolar macrophages. The constitutive NF-kappa B appears to be functionally active, since a low level of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) transcript is detectable in monocytes, and this level can be increased by blocking transcript degradation using cycloheximide. The level of constitutive NF-kappa B in these cells is variable and is frequently found to be lower in the more mature macrophages. Constitutive NF-kappa B was not maintained by autocrine action of cytokines TNF, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or macrophage colony-stimulating factor, since neutralizing antibodies did not reduce constitutive DNA-binding activity. Furthermore, blockade of prostaglandin or leukotriene biosynthesis did not affect constitutive NF-kappa B. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: p50 subunit, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor, macrophage colony - stimulating factor Options: Protein

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Constitutive nuclear NF-kappa B in cells of the monocyte lineage. In monocytes, the nuclear factor NF-kappa B has been invoked as an important transcription factor in the expression of cytokine genes, of cell-surface receptors and in the expression of human immunodeficiency virus. In such cells, DNA binding activity of NF-kappa B can be detected without intentional stimulation. In our studies, cells of the human monocytic line Mono Mac 6, cultured in medium containing fetal-calf serum and low levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also exhibit such 'constitutive' NF-kappa B, as demonstrated by mobility-shift analysis of nuclear extracts. This nuclear NF-kappa B was still present when contaminant LPS was removed by ultrafiltration and when serum was omitted. Protein-DNA complexes of constitutive NF-kappa B are similar in mobility to the LPS-induced NF-kappa B and both are recognized by an antibody specific to the p50 subunit of NF-kappa B. By contrast, treatment of cells with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) will only block LPS-induced NF-kappa B, but not the constitutive binding protein. Using LPS-free and serum-free conditions, constitutive NF-kappa B can be detected in different cell lines of the monocytic lineage (HL60, U937, THP-1, Mono Mac 1 and Mono Mac 6), but not in Molt 4 T cells or K562 stem cells. When ordered according to stage of maturation, the amount of constitutive NF-kappa B was not increased in more mature cell lines. Furthermore, when inducing differentiation in Mono Mac 6 cells, with vitamin D3, no change in constitutive or inducible NF-kappa B can be detected. Analysis of primary cells revealed substantial constitutive NF-kappa B-binding activity in blood monocytes, pleural macrophages and alveolar macrophages. The constitutive NF-kappa B appears to be functionally active, since a low level of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) transcript is detectable in monocytes, and this level can be increased by blocking transcript degradation using cycloheximide. The level of constitutive NF-kappa B in these cells is variable and is frequently found to be lower in the more mature macrophages. Constitutive NF-kappa B was not maintained by autocrine action of cytokines TNF, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or macrophage colony-stimulating factor, since neutralizing antibodies did not reduce constitutive DNA-binding activity. Furthermore, blockade of prostaglandin or leukotriene biosynthesis did not affect constitutive NF-kappa B. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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[ "Protein" ]

p50 subunit, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor, macrophage colony - stimulating factor

7998962_task2

Sentence: Constitutive nuclear NF-kappa B in cells of the monocyte lineage. In monocytes, the nuclear factor NF-kappa B has been invoked as an important transcription factor in the expression of cytokine genes, of cell-surface receptors and in the expression of human immunodeficiency virus. In such cells, DNA binding activity of NF-kappa B can be detected without intentional stimulation. In our studies, cells of the human monocytic line Mono Mac 6, cultured in medium containing fetal-calf serum and low levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also exhibit such 'constitutive' NF-kappa B, as demonstrated by mobility-shift analysis of nuclear extracts. This nuclear NF-kappa B was still present when contaminant LPS was removed by ultrafiltration and when serum was omitted. Protein-DNA complexes of constitutive NF-kappa B are similar in mobility to the LPS-induced NF-kappa B and both are recognized by an antibody specific to the p50 subunit of NF-kappa B. By contrast, treatment of cells with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) will only block LPS-induced NF-kappa B, but not the constitutive binding protein. Using LPS-free and serum-free conditions, constitutive NF-kappa B can be detected in different cell lines of the monocytic lineage (HL60, U937, THP-1, Mono Mac 1 and Mono Mac 6), but not in Molt 4 T cells or K562 stem cells. When ordered according to stage of maturation, the amount of constitutive NF-kappa B was not increased in more mature cell lines. Furthermore, when inducing differentiation in Mono Mac 6 cells, with vitamin D3, no change in constitutive or inducible NF-kappa B can be detected. Analysis of primary cells revealed substantial constitutive NF-kappa B-binding activity in blood monocytes, pleural macrophages and alveolar macrophages. The constitutive NF-kappa B appears to be functionally active, since a low level of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) transcript is detectable in monocytes, and this level can be increased by blocking transcript degradation using cycloheximide. The level of constitutive NF-kappa B in these cells is variable and is frequently found to be lower in the more mature macrophages. Constitutive NF-kappa B was not maintained by autocrine action of cytokines TNF, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or macrophage colony-stimulating factor, since neutralizing antibodies did not reduce constitutive DNA-binding activity. Furthermore, blockade of prostaglandin or leukotriene biosynthesis did not affect constitutive NF-kappa B. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Constitutive nuclear NF-kappa B in cells of the monocyte lineage. In monocytes, the nuclear factor NF-kappa B has been invoked as an important transcription factor in the expression of cytokine genes, of cell-surface receptors and in the expression of human immunodeficiency virus. In such cells, DNA binding activity of NF-kappa B can be detected without intentional stimulation. In our studies, cells of the human monocytic line Mono Mac 6, cultured in medium containing fetal-calf serum and low levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also exhibit such 'constitutive' NF-kappa B, as demonstrated by mobility-shift analysis of nuclear extracts. This nuclear NF-kappa B was still present when contaminant LPS was removed by ultrafiltration and when serum was omitted. Protein-DNA complexes of constitutive NF-kappa B are similar in mobility to the LPS-induced NF-kappa B and both are recognized by an antibody specific to the p50 subunit of NF-kappa B. By contrast, treatment of cells with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) will only block LPS-induced NF-kappa B, but not the constitutive binding protein. Using LPS-free and serum-free conditions, constitutive NF-kappa B can be detected in different cell lines of the monocytic lineage (HL60, U937, THP-1, Mono Mac 1 and Mono Mac 6), but not in Molt 4 T cells or K562 stem cells. When ordered according to stage of maturation, the amount of constitutive NF-kappa B was not increased in more mature cell lines. Furthermore, when inducing differentiation in Mono Mac 6 cells, with vitamin D3, no change in constitutive or inducible NF-kappa B can be detected. Analysis of primary cells revealed substantial constitutive NF-kappa B-binding activity in blood monocytes, pleural macrophages and alveolar macrophages. The constitutive NF-kappa B appears to be functionally active, since a low level of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) transcript is detectable in monocytes, and this level can be increased by blocking transcript degradation using cycloheximide. The level of constitutive NF-kappa B in these cells is variable and is frequently found to be lower in the more mature macrophages. Constitutive NF-kappa B was not maintained by autocrine action of cytokines TNF, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or macrophage colony-stimulating factor, since neutralizing antibodies did not reduce constitutive DNA-binding activity. Furthermore, blockade of prostaglandin or leukotriene biosynthesis did not affect constitutive NF-kappa B. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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[ "Protein" ]

bone marrow stem cell is a Cell, peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cell is a Cell, patients is a Organism, limb is a Organism_subdivision, blood is a Organism_substance, legs is a Organism_subdivision, patients is a Organism, patients is a Organism, limb is a Organism_subdivision, bone marrow - derived stem cells is a Cell, endothelial progenitor cells is a Cell, blood vessels is a Multi-tissue_structure, bone marrow stem cells is a Cell, patients is a Organism, patients is a Organism

96_task0

Sentence: [Autologous bone marrow stem cell or peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cell therapy in patients with peripheral limb ischaemia] No effective medical therapies have been developed sofar to enhance blood flow in the legs of patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). For patients with limb threatening ischaemia the only option for relief of rest pain or gangraena is amputation. There is evidence in experimental and clinical studies that adult bone marrow-derived stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells participate in the development of new blood vessels, called neoangiogenesis or neovascularization. Clinical results induced by autologous bone marrow stem cells or angiogenic growth/differentiation factors in end-stage patients with PAD are summarized. Considering the relatively few number of patients treated by angiogenic therapy, the interpretation of clinical results needs cautiousness. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Cell, Organism_subdivision, Organism, Multi-tissue_structure, Organism_substance

[ "O", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "B-Organism_subdivision", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism_substance", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism_subdivision", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "B-Organism_subdivision", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Multi-tissue_structure", "I-Multi-tissue_structure", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

[Autologous bone marrow stem cell or peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cell therapy in patients with peripheral limb ischaemia] No effective medical therapies have been developed sofar to enhance blood flow in the legs of patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). For patients with limb threatening ischaemia the only option for relief of rest pain or gangraena is amputation. There is evidence in experimental and clinical studies that adult bone marrow-derived stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells participate in the development of new blood vessels, called neoangiogenesis or neovascularization. Clinical results induced by autologous bone marrow stem cells or angiogenic growth/differentiation factors in end-stage patients with PAD are summarized. Considering the relatively few number of patients treated by angiogenic therapy, the interpretation of clinical results needs cautiousness.

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[ "Cell", "Multi-tissue_structure", "Organism", "Organism_substance", "Organism_subdivision" ]

bone marrow stem cell is a Cell, peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cell is a Cell, patients is a Organism, limb is a Organism_subdivision, blood is a Organism_substance, legs is a Organism_subdivision, patients is a Organism, patients is a Organism, limb is a Organism_subdivision, bone marrow - derived stem cells is a Cell, endothelial progenitor cells is a Cell, blood vessels is a Multi-tissue_structure, bone marrow stem cells is a Cell, patients is a Organism, patients is a Organism

96_task1

Sentence: [Autologous bone marrow stem cell or peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cell therapy in patients with peripheral limb ischaemia] No effective medical therapies have been developed sofar to enhance blood flow in the legs of patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). For patients with limb threatening ischaemia the only option for relief of rest pain or gangraena is amputation. There is evidence in experimental and clinical studies that adult bone marrow-derived stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells participate in the development of new blood vessels, called neoangiogenesis or neovascularization. Clinical results induced by autologous bone marrow stem cells or angiogenic growth/differentiation factors in end-stage patients with PAD are summarized. Considering the relatively few number of patients treated by angiogenic therapy, the interpretation of clinical results needs cautiousness. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: bone marrow stem cell, peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cell, patients, limb, blood, legs, patients, patients, limb, bone marrow - derived stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, blood vessels, bone marrow stem cells, patients, patients Options: Cell, Organism_subdivision, Organism, Multi-tissue_structure, Organism_substance

[ "O", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "B-Organism_subdivision", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism_substance", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism_subdivision", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "B-Organism_subdivision", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Multi-tissue_structure", "I-Multi-tissue_structure", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

[Autologous bone marrow stem cell or peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cell therapy in patients with peripheral limb ischaemia] No effective medical therapies have been developed sofar to enhance blood flow in the legs of patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). For patients with limb threatening ischaemia the only option for relief of rest pain or gangraena is amputation. There is evidence in experimental and clinical studies that adult bone marrow-derived stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells participate in the development of new blood vessels, called neoangiogenesis or neovascularization. Clinical results induced by autologous bone marrow stem cells or angiogenic growth/differentiation factors in end-stage patients with PAD are summarized. Considering the relatively few number of patients treated by angiogenic therapy, the interpretation of clinical results needs cautiousness.

[ "[", "Autologous", "bone", "marrow", "stem", "cell", "or", "peripheral", "blood", "endothelial", "progenitor", "cell", "therapy", "in", "patients", "with", "peripheral", "limb", "ischaemia", "]", "\n\n", "No", "effective", "medical", "therapies", "have", "been", "developed", "sofar", "to", "enhance", "blood", "flow", "in", "the", "legs", "of", "patients", "with", "peripheral", "arterial", "disease", "(", "PAD", ")", ".", "For", "patients", "with", "limb", "threatening", "ischaemia", "the", "only", "option", "for", "relief", "of", "rest", "pain", "or", "gangraena", "is", "amputation", ".", "There", "is", "evidence", "in", "experimental", "and", "clinical", "studies", "that", "adult", "bone", "marrow", "-", "derived", "stem", "cells", "and", "endothelial", "progenitor", "cells", "participate", "in", "the", "development", "of", "new", "blood", "vessels", ",", "called", "neoangiogenesis", "or", "neovascularization", ".", "Clinical", "results", "induced", "by", "autologous", "bone", "marrow", "stem", "cells", "or", "angiogenic", "growth", "/", "differentiation", "factors", "in", "end", "-", "stage", "patients", "with", "PAD", "are", "summarized", ".", "Considering", "the", "relatively", "few", "number", "of", "patients", "treated", "by", "angiogenic", "therapy", ",", "the", "interpretation", "of", "clinical", "results", "needs", "cautiousness", ".", "\n" ]

[ "Cell", "Multi-tissue_structure", "Organism", "Organism_substance", "Organism_subdivision" ]

bone marrow stem cell, peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cell, patients, limb, blood, legs, patients, patients, limb, bone marrow - derived stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, blood vessels, bone marrow stem cells, patients, patients

96_task2

Sentence: [Autologous bone marrow stem cell or peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cell therapy in patients with peripheral limb ischaemia] No effective medical therapies have been developed sofar to enhance blood flow in the legs of patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). For patients with limb threatening ischaemia the only option for relief of rest pain or gangraena is amputation. There is evidence in experimental and clinical studies that adult bone marrow-derived stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells participate in the development of new blood vessels, called neoangiogenesis or neovascularization. Clinical results induced by autologous bone marrow stem cells or angiogenic growth/differentiation factors in end-stage patients with PAD are summarized. Considering the relatively few number of patients treated by angiogenic therapy, the interpretation of clinical results needs cautiousness. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "B-Organism_subdivision", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism_substance", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism_subdivision", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "B-Organism_subdivision", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Multi-tissue_structure", "I-Multi-tissue_structure", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Organism", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

[Autologous bone marrow stem cell or peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cell therapy in patients with peripheral limb ischaemia] No effective medical therapies have been developed sofar to enhance blood flow in the legs of patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). For patients with limb threatening ischaemia the only option for relief of rest pain or gangraena is amputation. There is evidence in experimental and clinical studies that adult bone marrow-derived stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells participate in the development of new blood vessels, called neoangiogenesis or neovascularization. Clinical results induced by autologous bone marrow stem cells or angiogenic growth/differentiation factors in end-stage patients with PAD are summarized. Considering the relatively few number of patients treated by angiogenic therapy, the interpretation of clinical results needs cautiousness.

[ "[", "Autologous", "bone", "marrow", "stem", "cell", "or", "peripheral", "blood", "endothelial", "progenitor", "cell", "therapy", "in", "patients", "with", "peripheral", "limb", "ischaemia", "]", "\n\n", "No", "effective", "medical", "therapies", "have", "been", "developed", "sofar", "to", "enhance", "blood", "flow", "in", "the", "legs", "of", "patients", "with", "peripheral", "arterial", "disease", "(", "PAD", ")", ".", "For", "patients", "with", "limb", "threatening", "ischaemia", "the", "only", "option", "for", "relief", "of", "rest", "pain", "or", "gangraena", "is", "amputation", ".", "There", "is", "evidence", "in", "experimental", "and", "clinical", "studies", "that", "adult", "bone", "marrow", "-", "derived", "stem", "cells", "and", "endothelial", "progenitor", "cells", "participate", "in", "the", "development", "of", "new", "blood", "vessels", ",", "called", "neoangiogenesis", "or", "neovascularization", ".", "Clinical", "results", "induced", "by", "autologous", "bone", "marrow", "stem", "cells", "or", "angiogenic", "growth", "/", "differentiation", "factors", "in", "end", "-", "stage", "patients", "with", "PAD", "are", "summarized", ".", "Considering", "the", "relatively", "few", "number", "of", "patients", "treated", "by", "angiogenic", "therapy", ",", "the", "interpretation", "of", "clinical", "results", "needs", "cautiousness", ".", "\n" ]

[ "Cell", "Multi-tissue_structure", "Organism", "Organism_substance", "Organism_subdivision" ]

Objective is an umlsterm, Randomised controlled trials is an umlsterm, dexamethasone is an umlsterm, antiemetics is an umlsterm, postoperative nausea is an umlsterm, vomiting is an umlsterm, PONV is an umlsterm, meta - analysis is an umlsterm, relative is an umlsterm, treatments is an umlsterm

DerAnaesthesist.00490713.eng.abstr_task0

Sentence: Objective . Randomised controlled trials investigating the efficacy of dexamethasone alone or in combination with other antiemetics to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) were included in a meta-analysis to estimate the relative efficacy of these treatments . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

[ "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O" ]

Objective . Randomised controlled trials investigating the efficacy of dexamethasone alone or in combination with other antiemetics to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) were included in a meta-analysis to estimate the relative efficacy of these treatments .

[ "Objective", ".", "Randomised", "controlled", "trials", "investigating", "the", "efficacy", "of", "dexamethasone", "alone", "or", "in", "combination", "with", "other", "antiemetics", "to", "prevent", "postoperative", "nausea", "and", "vomiting", "(", "PONV", ")", "were", "included", "in", "a", "meta", "-", "analysis", "to", "estimate", "the", "relative", "efficacy", "of", "these", "treatments", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

Objective is an umlsterm, Randomised controlled trials is an umlsterm, dexamethasone is an umlsterm, antiemetics is an umlsterm, postoperative nausea is an umlsterm, vomiting is an umlsterm, PONV is an umlsterm, meta - analysis is an umlsterm, relative is an umlsterm, treatments is an umlsterm

DerAnaesthesist.00490713.eng.abstr_task1

Sentence: Objective . Randomised controlled trials investigating the efficacy of dexamethasone alone or in combination with other antiemetics to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) were included in a meta-analysis to estimate the relative efficacy of these treatments . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Objective, Randomised controlled trials, dexamethasone, antiemetics, postoperative nausea, vomiting, PONV, meta - analysis, relative, treatments Options: umlsterm

[ "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O" ]

Objective . Randomised controlled trials investigating the efficacy of dexamethasone alone or in combination with other antiemetics to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) were included in a meta-analysis to estimate the relative efficacy of these treatments .

[ "Objective", ".", "Randomised", "controlled", "trials", "investigating", "the", "efficacy", "of", "dexamethasone", "alone", "or", "in", "combination", "with", "other", "antiemetics", "to", "prevent", "postoperative", "nausea", "and", "vomiting", "(", "PONV", ")", "were", "included", "in", "a", "meta", "-", "analysis", "to", "estimate", "the", "relative", "efficacy", "of", "these", "treatments", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

Objective, Randomised controlled trials, dexamethasone, antiemetics, postoperative nausea, vomiting, PONV, meta - analysis, relative, treatments

DerAnaesthesist.00490713.eng.abstr_task2

Sentence: Objective . Randomised controlled trials investigating the efficacy of dexamethasone alone or in combination with other antiemetics to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) were included in a meta-analysis to estimate the relative efficacy of these treatments . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O" ]

Objective . Randomised controlled trials investigating the efficacy of dexamethasone alone or in combination with other antiemetics to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) were included in a meta-analysis to estimate the relative efficacy of these treatments .

[ "Objective", ".", "Randomised", "controlled", "trials", "investigating", "the", "efficacy", "of", "dexamethasone", "alone", "or", "in", "combination", "with", "other", "antiemetics", "to", "prevent", "postoperative", "nausea", "and", "vomiting", "(", "PONV", ")", "were", "included", "in", "a", "meta", "-", "analysis", "to", "estimate", "the", "relative", "efficacy", "of", "these", "treatments", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

Analyse is an umlsterm, Luftrettung is an umlsterm, Kindern is an umlsterm, Geschlechtsverteilung is an umlsterm, Notfalldiagnostik is an umlsterm, -therapie is an umlsterm, Hand is an umlsterm, notfallmedizinischen is an umlsterm, Dokumentation is an umlsterm

Notfall+Rettungsmedizin.00030156.ger.abstr_task0

Sentence: Im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Analyse der Luftrettung wurde zunaechst die ausserklinische Erstversorgung von 274 akut verletzten ( 58% ) bzw. erkrankten ( 42% ) Kindern bis zum 14. Lebensjahr bezueglich des zeitlichen Aufkommens der Einsaetze , der Einhaltung der Hilfsfrist , der Alters- und Geschlechtsverteilung , der Schweregrade , der Traumaursachen und Verletzungsmuster , der Art der akuten paediatrischen Erkrankung , der praehospitalen Notfalldiagnostik und -therapie sowie des Transportmittels und der Zielklinik an Hand der notfallmedizinischen Dokumentation untersucht . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O" ]

Im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Analyse der Luftrettung wurde zunaechst die ausserklinische Erstversorgung von 274 akut verletzten ( 58% ) bzw. erkrankten ( 42% ) Kindern bis zum 14. Lebensjahr bezueglich des zeitlichen Aufkommens der Einsaetze , der Einhaltung der Hilfsfrist , der Alters- und Geschlechtsverteilung , der Schweregrade , der Traumaursachen und Verletzungsmuster , der Art der akuten paediatrischen Erkrankung , der praehospitalen Notfalldiagnostik und -therapie sowie des Transportmittels und der Zielklinik an Hand der notfallmedizinischen Dokumentation untersucht .

[ "Im", "Rahmen", "einer", "retrospektiven", "Analyse", "der", "Luftrettung", "wurde", "zunaechst", "die", "ausserklinische", "Erstversorgung", "von", "274", "akut", "verletzten", "(", "58", "%", ")", "bzw", ".", "erkrankten", "(", "42", "%", ")", "Kindern", "bis", "zum", "14", ".", "Lebensjahr", "bezueglich", "des", "zeitlichen", "Aufkommens", "der", "Einsaetze", ",", "der", "Einhaltung", "der", "Hilfsfrist", ",", "der", "Alters-", "und", "Geschlechtsverteilung", ",", "der", "Schweregrade", ",", "der", "Traumaursachen", "und", "Verletzungsmuster", ",", "der", "Art", "der", "akuten", "paediatrischen", "Erkrankung", ",", "der", "praehospitalen", "Notfalldiagnostik", "und", "-therapie", "sowie", "des", "Transportmittels", "und", "der", "Zielklinik", "an", "Hand", "der", "notfallmedizinischen", "Dokumentation", "untersucht", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

Analyse is an umlsterm, Luftrettung is an umlsterm, Kindern is an umlsterm, Geschlechtsverteilung is an umlsterm, Notfalldiagnostik is an umlsterm, -therapie is an umlsterm, Hand is an umlsterm, notfallmedizinischen is an umlsterm, Dokumentation is an umlsterm

Notfall+Rettungsmedizin.00030156.ger.abstr_task1

Sentence: Im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Analyse der Luftrettung wurde zunaechst die ausserklinische Erstversorgung von 274 akut verletzten ( 58% ) bzw. erkrankten ( 42% ) Kindern bis zum 14. Lebensjahr bezueglich des zeitlichen Aufkommens der Einsaetze , der Einhaltung der Hilfsfrist , der Alters- und Geschlechtsverteilung , der Schweregrade , der Traumaursachen und Verletzungsmuster , der Art der akuten paediatrischen Erkrankung , der praehospitalen Notfalldiagnostik und -therapie sowie des Transportmittels und der Zielklinik an Hand der notfallmedizinischen Dokumentation untersucht . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Analyse, Luftrettung, Kindern, Geschlechtsverteilung, Notfalldiagnostik, -therapie, Hand, notfallmedizinischen, Dokumentation Options: umlsterm

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O" ]

Im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Analyse der Luftrettung wurde zunaechst die ausserklinische Erstversorgung von 274 akut verletzten ( 58% ) bzw. erkrankten ( 42% ) Kindern bis zum 14. Lebensjahr bezueglich des zeitlichen Aufkommens der Einsaetze , der Einhaltung der Hilfsfrist , der Alters- und Geschlechtsverteilung , der Schweregrade , der Traumaursachen und Verletzungsmuster , der Art der akuten paediatrischen Erkrankung , der praehospitalen Notfalldiagnostik und -therapie sowie des Transportmittels und der Zielklinik an Hand der notfallmedizinischen Dokumentation untersucht .

[ "Im", "Rahmen", "einer", "retrospektiven", "Analyse", "der", "Luftrettung", "wurde", "zunaechst", "die", "ausserklinische", "Erstversorgung", "von", "274", "akut", "verletzten", "(", "58", "%", ")", "bzw", ".", "erkrankten", "(", "42", "%", ")", "Kindern", "bis", "zum", "14", ".", "Lebensjahr", "bezueglich", "des", "zeitlichen", "Aufkommens", "der", "Einsaetze", ",", "der", "Einhaltung", "der", "Hilfsfrist", ",", "der", "Alters-", "und", "Geschlechtsverteilung", ",", "der", "Schweregrade", ",", "der", "Traumaursachen", "und", "Verletzungsmuster", ",", "der", "Art", "der", "akuten", "paediatrischen", "Erkrankung", ",", "der", "praehospitalen", "Notfalldiagnostik", "und", "-therapie", "sowie", "des", "Transportmittels", "und", "der", "Zielklinik", "an", "Hand", "der", "notfallmedizinischen", "Dokumentation", "untersucht", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

Analyse, Luftrettung, Kindern, Geschlechtsverteilung, Notfalldiagnostik, -therapie, Hand, notfallmedizinischen, Dokumentation

Notfall+Rettungsmedizin.00030156.ger.abstr_task2

Sentence: Im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Analyse der Luftrettung wurde zunaechst die ausserklinische Erstversorgung von 274 akut verletzten ( 58% ) bzw. erkrankten ( 42% ) Kindern bis zum 14. Lebensjahr bezueglich des zeitlichen Aufkommens der Einsaetze , der Einhaltung der Hilfsfrist , der Alters- und Geschlechtsverteilung , der Schweregrade , der Traumaursachen und Verletzungsmuster , der Art der akuten paediatrischen Erkrankung , der praehospitalen Notfalldiagnostik und -therapie sowie des Transportmittels und der Zielklinik an Hand der notfallmedizinischen Dokumentation untersucht . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Analyse der Luftrettung wurde zunaechst die ausserklinische Erstversorgung von 274 akut verletzten ( 58% ) bzw. erkrankten ( 42% ) Kindern bis zum 14. Lebensjahr bezueglich des zeitlichen Aufkommens der Einsaetze , der Einhaltung der Hilfsfrist , der Alters- und Geschlechtsverteilung , der Schweregrade , der Traumaursachen und Verletzungsmuster , der Art der akuten paediatrischen Erkrankung , der praehospitalen Notfalldiagnostik und -therapie sowie des Transportmittels und der Zielklinik an Hand der notfallmedizinischen Dokumentation untersucht .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

injuries is an umlsterm, defects is an umlsterm, treatment is an umlsterm, surgical is an umlsterm, treatment is an umlsterm, debridement is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, Plastic Surgery is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, saline is an umlsterm, flushout is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, defects is an umlsterm, skin is an umlsterm, necrosis is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, injury is an umlsterm, Patients is an umlsterm, defects is an umlsterm, dorsum is an umlsterm, hand is an umlsterm, debridement is an umlsterm, wound is an umlsterm, skin grafting is an umlsterm, referral is an umlsterm, Defects is an umlsterm, flap is an umlsterm, debridement is an umlsterm, time is an umlsterm, defects is an umlsterm, forearm is an umlsterm, dorsum is an umlsterm, foot is an umlsterm, skin grafting is an umlsterm, saline is an umlsterm, flushout is an umlsterm, defects is an umlsterm, dorsum is an umlsterm, hand is an umlsterm, debridement is an umlsterm, flap is an umlsterm

DerChirurg.80691378.eng.abstr_task0

Sentence: Extravasation injuries can result in extensive soft-tissue defects . On the cellular level there are five different pathophysiological mechanisms . Early treatment ( surgical removal of the extravasated material within 24 h ) and late treatment ( debridement and coverage ) are different . Thirty-two patients who suffered a significant extravasation were treated surgically by the Department of Plastic Surgery between 1989 and 1997. In 8 patients , referred within the first 24 h , the extravasated material could be removed by saline flushout . None of these patients developed soft-tissue defects or skin necrosis . The other 24 patients were referred late ( mean 19 days after the injury ) . Patients with defects of the dorsum of the hand or cubital fossa area who underwent debridement , temporary wound coverage and skin grafting ( n = 11 ) presented complete healing 52 days after the referral . Defects of the same regions covered by a flap after debridement ( n = 6 ) healed within 14 days . The healing time of defects of the forearm ( n = 2 ) and dorsum of the foot ( n = 5 ) was a mean of 15 days after skin grafting . Cytotoxic and osmotically active substances should be removed by saline flushout within 24 h . In defects of the dorsum of the hand and cubital fossa , early debridement and coverage with an adequate flap should be performed . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

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Extravasation injuries can result in extensive soft-tissue defects . On the cellular level there are five different pathophysiological mechanisms . Early treatment ( surgical removal of the extravasated material within 24 h ) and late treatment ( debridement and coverage ) are different . Thirty-two patients who suffered a significant extravasation were treated surgically by the Department of Plastic Surgery between 1989 and 1997. In 8 patients , referred within the first 24 h , the extravasated material could be removed by saline flushout . None of these patients developed soft-tissue defects or skin necrosis . The other 24 patients were referred late ( mean 19 days after the injury ) . Patients with defects of the dorsum of the hand or cubital fossa area who underwent debridement , temporary wound coverage and skin grafting ( n = 11 ) presented complete healing 52 days after the referral . Defects of the same regions covered by a flap after debridement ( n = 6 ) healed within 14 days . The healing time of defects of the forearm ( n = 2 ) and dorsum of the foot ( n = 5 ) was a mean of 15 days after skin grafting . Cytotoxic and osmotically active substances should be removed by saline flushout within 24 h . In defects of the dorsum of the hand and cubital fossa , early debridement and coverage with an adequate flap should be performed .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

injuries is an umlsterm, defects is an umlsterm, treatment is an umlsterm, surgical is an umlsterm, treatment is an umlsterm, debridement is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, Plastic Surgery is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, saline is an umlsterm, flushout is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, defects is an umlsterm, skin is an umlsterm, necrosis is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, injury is an umlsterm, Patients is an umlsterm, defects is an umlsterm, dorsum is an umlsterm, hand is an umlsterm, debridement is an umlsterm, wound is an umlsterm, skin grafting is an umlsterm, referral is an umlsterm, Defects is an umlsterm, flap is an umlsterm, debridement is an umlsterm, time is an umlsterm, defects is an umlsterm, forearm is an umlsterm, dorsum is an umlsterm, foot is an umlsterm, skin grafting is an umlsterm, saline is an umlsterm, flushout is an umlsterm, defects is an umlsterm, dorsum is an umlsterm, hand is an umlsterm, debridement is an umlsterm, flap is an umlsterm

DerChirurg.80691378.eng.abstr_task1

Sentence: Extravasation injuries can result in extensive soft-tissue defects . On the cellular level there are five different pathophysiological mechanisms . Early treatment ( surgical removal of the extravasated material within 24 h ) and late treatment ( debridement and coverage ) are different . Thirty-two patients who suffered a significant extravasation were treated surgically by the Department of Plastic Surgery between 1989 and 1997. In 8 patients , referred within the first 24 h , the extravasated material could be removed by saline flushout . None of these patients developed soft-tissue defects or skin necrosis . The other 24 patients were referred late ( mean 19 days after the injury ) . Patients with defects of the dorsum of the hand or cubital fossa area who underwent debridement , temporary wound coverage and skin grafting ( n = 11 ) presented complete healing 52 days after the referral . Defects of the same regions covered by a flap after debridement ( n = 6 ) healed within 14 days . The healing time of defects of the forearm ( n = 2 ) and dorsum of the foot ( n = 5 ) was a mean of 15 days after skin grafting . Cytotoxic and osmotically active substances should be removed by saline flushout within 24 h . In defects of the dorsum of the hand and cubital fossa , early debridement and coverage with an adequate flap should be performed . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: injuries, defects, treatment, surgical, treatment, debridement, patients, Plastic Surgery, patients, saline, flushout, patients, defects, skin, necrosis, patients, injury, Patients, defects, dorsum, hand, debridement, wound, skin grafting, referral, Defects, flap, debridement, time, defects, forearm, dorsum, foot, skin grafting, saline, flushout, defects, dorsum, hand, debridement, flap Options: umlsterm

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Extravasation injuries can result in extensive soft-tissue defects . On the cellular level there are five different pathophysiological mechanisms . Early treatment ( surgical removal of the extravasated material within 24 h ) and late treatment ( debridement and coverage ) are different . Thirty-two patients who suffered a significant extravasation were treated surgically by the Department of Plastic Surgery between 1989 and 1997. In 8 patients , referred within the first 24 h , the extravasated material could be removed by saline flushout . None of these patients developed soft-tissue defects or skin necrosis . The other 24 patients were referred late ( mean 19 days after the injury ) . Patients with defects of the dorsum of the hand or cubital fossa area who underwent debridement , temporary wound coverage and skin grafting ( n = 11 ) presented complete healing 52 days after the referral . Defects of the same regions covered by a flap after debridement ( n = 6 ) healed within 14 days . The healing time of defects of the forearm ( n = 2 ) and dorsum of the foot ( n = 5 ) was a mean of 15 days after skin grafting . Cytotoxic and osmotically active substances should be removed by saline flushout within 24 h . In defects of the dorsum of the hand and cubital fossa , early debridement and coverage with an adequate flap should be performed .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

injuries, defects, treatment, surgical, treatment, debridement, patients, Plastic Surgery, patients, saline, flushout, patients, defects, skin, necrosis, patients, injury, Patients, defects, dorsum, hand, debridement, wound, skin grafting, referral, Defects, flap, debridement, time, defects, forearm, dorsum, foot, skin grafting, saline, flushout, defects, dorsum, hand, debridement, flap

DerChirurg.80691378.eng.abstr_task2

Sentence: Extravasation injuries can result in extensive soft-tissue defects . On the cellular level there are five different pathophysiological mechanisms . Early treatment ( surgical removal of the extravasated material within 24 h ) and late treatment ( debridement and coverage ) are different . Thirty-two patients who suffered a significant extravasation were treated surgically by the Department of Plastic Surgery between 1989 and 1997. In 8 patients , referred within the first 24 h , the extravasated material could be removed by saline flushout . None of these patients developed soft-tissue defects or skin necrosis . The other 24 patients were referred late ( mean 19 days after the injury ) . Patients with defects of the dorsum of the hand or cubital fossa area who underwent debridement , temporary wound coverage and skin grafting ( n = 11 ) presented complete healing 52 days after the referral . Defects of the same regions covered by a flap after debridement ( n = 6 ) healed within 14 days . The healing time of defects of the forearm ( n = 2 ) and dorsum of the foot ( n = 5 ) was a mean of 15 days after skin grafting . Cytotoxic and osmotically active substances should be removed by saline flushout within 24 h . In defects of the dorsum of the hand and cubital fossa , early debridement and coverage with an adequate flap should be performed . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Extravasation injuries can result in extensive soft-tissue defects . On the cellular level there are five different pathophysiological mechanisms . Early treatment ( surgical removal of the extravasated material within 24 h ) and late treatment ( debridement and coverage ) are different . Thirty-two patients who suffered a significant extravasation were treated surgically by the Department of Plastic Surgery between 1989 and 1997. In 8 patients , referred within the first 24 h , the extravasated material could be removed by saline flushout . None of these patients developed soft-tissue defects or skin necrosis . The other 24 patients were referred late ( mean 19 days after the injury ) . Patients with defects of the dorsum of the hand or cubital fossa area who underwent debridement , temporary wound coverage and skin grafting ( n = 11 ) presented complete healing 52 days after the referral . Defects of the same regions covered by a flap after debridement ( n = 6 ) healed within 14 days . The healing time of defects of the forearm ( n = 2 ) and dorsum of the foot ( n = 5 ) was a mean of 15 days after skin grafting . Cytotoxic and osmotically active substances should be removed by saline flushout within 24 h . In defects of the dorsum of the hand and cubital fossa , early debridement and coverage with an adequate flap should be performed .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Vene is an umlsterm, Bypasschirurgie is an umlsterm, Hautinzision is an umlsterm, Subkutangewebe is an umlsterm, Vena saphena is an umlsterm, Technik is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Vena saphena is an umlsterm, Haematom is an umlsterm, Venenentnahme is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Risiko is an umlsterm

ZfuerKardiologie.9088s035.ger.abstr_task0

Sentence: Trotz aller Bemuehungen , ein alternatives Bypassmaterial zu finden , bleibt die autologe Vene das geeignetste Material , von arteriellen Grafts abgesehen , fuer die koronare und periphere Bypasschirurgie . Sie wird im allgemeinen durch eine kontinuierliche Hautinzision im Subkutangewebe freipraepariert . Zu schwereren Wundheilungsstoerungen kommt es in 1-3% der Faelle , leichtere Wundheilungsstoerungen kommen mit bis zu 43% wesentlich haeufiger vor . Wir entwickelten ein Entnahmeverfahren , durch das die Vena saphena magna durch nur einen 2-3 cm langen Schnitt mittels einer endoskopischen Technik entnommen werden kann . Bei 218 Patienten , die sich einer Bypassoperation unterzogen , entnahmen wir die Vena saphena magna endoskopisch . Schwere Wundheilungsstoerungen kamen nicht vor . Ein nicht revisionspflichtiges Haematom und drei Serome traten postoperativ auf . Aufgrund unserer Erfahrungen benutzen wir die endoskopische Venenentnahme als Routineverfahren bevorzugt bei Patienten , die ein erhoehtes Risiko fuer Wundheilungsstoerungen haben . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

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Trotz aller Bemuehungen , ein alternatives Bypassmaterial zu finden , bleibt die autologe Vene das geeignetste Material , von arteriellen Grafts abgesehen , fuer die koronare und periphere Bypasschirurgie . Sie wird im allgemeinen durch eine kontinuierliche Hautinzision im Subkutangewebe freipraepariert . Zu schwereren Wundheilungsstoerungen kommt es in 1-3% der Faelle , leichtere Wundheilungsstoerungen kommen mit bis zu 43% wesentlich haeufiger vor . Wir entwickelten ein Entnahmeverfahren , durch das die Vena saphena magna durch nur einen 2-3 cm langen Schnitt mittels einer endoskopischen Technik entnommen werden kann . Bei 218 Patienten , die sich einer Bypassoperation unterzogen , entnahmen wir die Vena saphena magna endoskopisch . Schwere Wundheilungsstoerungen kamen nicht vor . Ein nicht revisionspflichtiges Haematom und drei Serome traten postoperativ auf . Aufgrund unserer Erfahrungen benutzen wir die endoskopische Venenentnahme als Routineverfahren bevorzugt bei Patienten , die ein erhoehtes Risiko fuer Wundheilungsstoerungen haben .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Vene is an umlsterm, Bypasschirurgie is an umlsterm, Hautinzision is an umlsterm, Subkutangewebe is an umlsterm, Vena saphena is an umlsterm, Technik is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Vena saphena is an umlsterm, Haematom is an umlsterm, Venenentnahme is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Risiko is an umlsterm

ZfuerKardiologie.9088s035.ger.abstr_task1

Sentence: Trotz aller Bemuehungen , ein alternatives Bypassmaterial zu finden , bleibt die autologe Vene das geeignetste Material , von arteriellen Grafts abgesehen , fuer die koronare und periphere Bypasschirurgie . Sie wird im allgemeinen durch eine kontinuierliche Hautinzision im Subkutangewebe freipraepariert . Zu schwereren Wundheilungsstoerungen kommt es in 1-3% der Faelle , leichtere Wundheilungsstoerungen kommen mit bis zu 43% wesentlich haeufiger vor . Wir entwickelten ein Entnahmeverfahren , durch das die Vena saphena magna durch nur einen 2-3 cm langen Schnitt mittels einer endoskopischen Technik entnommen werden kann . Bei 218 Patienten , die sich einer Bypassoperation unterzogen , entnahmen wir die Vena saphena magna endoskopisch . Schwere Wundheilungsstoerungen kamen nicht vor . Ein nicht revisionspflichtiges Haematom und drei Serome traten postoperativ auf . Aufgrund unserer Erfahrungen benutzen wir die endoskopische Venenentnahme als Routineverfahren bevorzugt bei Patienten , die ein erhoehtes Risiko fuer Wundheilungsstoerungen haben . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Vene, Bypasschirurgie, Hautinzision, Subkutangewebe, Vena saphena, Technik, Patienten, Vena saphena, Haematom, Venenentnahme, Patienten, Risiko Options: umlsterm

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Trotz aller Bemuehungen , ein alternatives Bypassmaterial zu finden , bleibt die autologe Vene das geeignetste Material , von arteriellen Grafts abgesehen , fuer die koronare und periphere Bypasschirurgie . Sie wird im allgemeinen durch eine kontinuierliche Hautinzision im Subkutangewebe freipraepariert . Zu schwereren Wundheilungsstoerungen kommt es in 1-3% der Faelle , leichtere Wundheilungsstoerungen kommen mit bis zu 43% wesentlich haeufiger vor . Wir entwickelten ein Entnahmeverfahren , durch das die Vena saphena magna durch nur einen 2-3 cm langen Schnitt mittels einer endoskopischen Technik entnommen werden kann . Bei 218 Patienten , die sich einer Bypassoperation unterzogen , entnahmen wir die Vena saphena magna endoskopisch . Schwere Wundheilungsstoerungen kamen nicht vor . Ein nicht revisionspflichtiges Haematom und drei Serome traten postoperativ auf . Aufgrund unserer Erfahrungen benutzen wir die endoskopische Venenentnahme als Routineverfahren bevorzugt bei Patienten , die ein erhoehtes Risiko fuer Wundheilungsstoerungen haben .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Vene, Bypasschirurgie, Hautinzision, Subkutangewebe, Vena saphena, Technik, Patienten, Vena saphena, Haematom, Venenentnahme, Patienten, Risiko

ZfuerKardiologie.9088s035.ger.abstr_task2

Sentence: Trotz aller Bemuehungen , ein alternatives Bypassmaterial zu finden , bleibt die autologe Vene das geeignetste Material , von arteriellen Grafts abgesehen , fuer die koronare und periphere Bypasschirurgie . Sie wird im allgemeinen durch eine kontinuierliche Hautinzision im Subkutangewebe freipraepariert . Zu schwereren Wundheilungsstoerungen kommt es in 1-3% der Faelle , leichtere Wundheilungsstoerungen kommen mit bis zu 43% wesentlich haeufiger vor . Wir entwickelten ein Entnahmeverfahren , durch das die Vena saphena magna durch nur einen 2-3 cm langen Schnitt mittels einer endoskopischen Technik entnommen werden kann . Bei 218 Patienten , die sich einer Bypassoperation unterzogen , entnahmen wir die Vena saphena magna endoskopisch . Schwere Wundheilungsstoerungen kamen nicht vor . Ein nicht revisionspflichtiges Haematom und drei Serome traten postoperativ auf . Aufgrund unserer Erfahrungen benutzen wir die endoskopische Venenentnahme als Routineverfahren bevorzugt bei Patienten , die ein erhoehtes Risiko fuer Wundheilungsstoerungen haben . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Trotz aller Bemuehungen , ein alternatives Bypassmaterial zu finden , bleibt die autologe Vene das geeignetste Material , von arteriellen Grafts abgesehen , fuer die koronare und periphere Bypasschirurgie . Sie wird im allgemeinen durch eine kontinuierliche Hautinzision im Subkutangewebe freipraepariert . Zu schwereren Wundheilungsstoerungen kommt es in 1-3% der Faelle , leichtere Wundheilungsstoerungen kommen mit bis zu 43% wesentlich haeufiger vor . Wir entwickelten ein Entnahmeverfahren , durch das die Vena saphena magna durch nur einen 2-3 cm langen Schnitt mittels einer endoskopischen Technik entnommen werden kann . Bei 218 Patienten , die sich einer Bypassoperation unterzogen , entnahmen wir die Vena saphena magna endoskopisch . Schwere Wundheilungsstoerungen kamen nicht vor . Ein nicht revisionspflichtiges Haematom und drei Serome traten postoperativ auf . Aufgrund unserer Erfahrungen benutzen wir die endoskopische Venenentnahme als Routineverfahren bevorzugt bei Patienten , die ein erhoehtes Risiko fuer Wundheilungsstoerungen haben .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

subarachnoid hemorrhage : is a Participant_Condition, coagulation activity is a Outcome_Physical, acute nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage ( SAH ) is a Participant_Condition, enoxaparin is a Intervention_Pharmacological, thromboprophylactic efficacy is a Outcome_Other, hemostatic variables is a Outcome_Physical, activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis is a Outcome_Physical, Blood samples is a Outcome_Other, 42 is a Participant_Sample-size, acute aneurysmal SAH is a Participant_Condition, variables of coagulation and fibrinolysis is a Outcome_Physical, D - dimer levels is a Outcome_Physical, early coagulation activity is a Outcome_Physical, thrombin generation is a Outcome_Physical, PAI-1 activity is a Outcome_Physical, severity of SAH is a Outcome_Physical, coagulation activity and D - dimer is a Outcome_Physical

22573_task0

Sentence: D-dimer predicts outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage : no effect of thromboprophylaxis on coagulation activity . OBJECTIVE Approximately one-third of all patients with acute nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage ( SAH ) experience complications owing to delayed ischemic deficit . We reported recently that enoxaparin 40 mg once daily for 10 days seems safe and demonstrates thromboprophylactic efficacy , but it failed to improve outcome in a randomized SAH trial . In the present study , we assessed hemostatic variables associated with clinical status and outcome of SAH . We also monitored the effect of enoxaparin on activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis after closure of the ruptured aneurysm . METHODS Blood samples to measure activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis were collected from 42 patients participating in the enoxaparin trial for acute aneurysmal SAH at four time points : 1 ) at hospital admission ; 2 ) 12 to 24 hours after aneurysm surgery but before initiation of enoxaparin therapy ; 3 ) 3 hours after the first dose ; and 4 ) at the conclusion of treatment . RESULTS At admission , several variables of coagulation and fibrinolysis were elevated and correlated well with clinical status . Specifically , D-dimer levels at all four time points correlated with patients ' long-term outcomes . A single dose of enoxaparin suppressed early coagulation activity , but thrombin generation was not inhibited during thromboprophylaxis . However , PAI-1 activity was suppressed . CONCLUSION D-dimer offers a useful laboratory tool for assessing early and late clinical severity of SAH . A thromboprophylactic dose of enoxaparin inhibited PAI-1 activity but failed to down-regulate coagulation activity and D-dimer . These findings are compatible with the lack of efficacy of enoxaparin in reducing ischemic deficit after SAH . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size, Outcome_Other

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D-dimer predicts outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage : no effect of thromboprophylaxis on coagulation activity . OBJECTIVE Approximately one-third of all patients with acute nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage ( SAH ) experience complications owing to delayed ischemic deficit . We reported recently that enoxaparin 40 mg once daily for 10 days seems safe and demonstrates thromboprophylactic efficacy , but it failed to improve outcome in a randomized SAH trial . In the present study , we assessed hemostatic variables associated with clinical status and outcome of SAH . We also monitored the effect of enoxaparin on activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis after closure of the ruptured aneurysm . METHODS Blood samples to measure activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis were collected from 42 patients participating in the enoxaparin trial for acute aneurysmal SAH at four time points : 1 ) at hospital admission ; 2 ) 12 to 24 hours after aneurysm surgery but before initiation of enoxaparin therapy ; 3 ) 3 hours after the first dose ; and 4 ) at the conclusion of treatment . RESULTS At admission , several variables of coagulation and fibrinolysis were elevated and correlated well with clinical status . Specifically , D-dimer levels at all four time points correlated with patients ' long-term outcomes . A single dose of enoxaparin suppressed early coagulation activity , but thrombin generation was not inhibited during thromboprophylaxis . However , PAI-1 activity was suppressed . CONCLUSION D-dimer offers a useful laboratory tool for assessing early and late clinical severity of SAH . A thromboprophylactic dose of enoxaparin inhibited PAI-1 activity but failed to down-regulate coagulation activity and D-dimer . These findings are compatible with the lack of efficacy of enoxaparin in reducing ischemic deficit after SAH .

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[ "Participant_Condition", "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Sample-size" ]

subarachnoid hemorrhage : is a Participant_Condition, coagulation activity is a Outcome_Physical, acute nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage ( SAH ) is a Participant_Condition, enoxaparin is a Intervention_Pharmacological, thromboprophylactic efficacy is a Outcome_Other, hemostatic variables is a Outcome_Physical, activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis is a Outcome_Physical, Blood samples is a Outcome_Other, 42 is a Participant_Sample-size, acute aneurysmal SAH is a Participant_Condition, variables of coagulation and fibrinolysis is a Outcome_Physical, D - dimer levels is a Outcome_Physical, early coagulation activity is a Outcome_Physical, thrombin generation is a Outcome_Physical, PAI-1 activity is a Outcome_Physical, severity of SAH is a Outcome_Physical, coagulation activity and D - dimer is a Outcome_Physical

22573_task1

Sentence: D-dimer predicts outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage : no effect of thromboprophylaxis on coagulation activity . OBJECTIVE Approximately one-third of all patients with acute nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage ( SAH ) experience complications owing to delayed ischemic deficit . We reported recently that enoxaparin 40 mg once daily for 10 days seems safe and demonstrates thromboprophylactic efficacy , but it failed to improve outcome in a randomized SAH trial . In the present study , we assessed hemostatic variables associated with clinical status and outcome of SAH . We also monitored the effect of enoxaparin on activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis after closure of the ruptured aneurysm . METHODS Blood samples to measure activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis were collected from 42 patients participating in the enoxaparin trial for acute aneurysmal SAH at four time points : 1 ) at hospital admission ; 2 ) 12 to 24 hours after aneurysm surgery but before initiation of enoxaparin therapy ; 3 ) 3 hours after the first dose ; and 4 ) at the conclusion of treatment . RESULTS At admission , several variables of coagulation and fibrinolysis were elevated and correlated well with clinical status . Specifically , D-dimer levels at all four time points correlated with patients ' long-term outcomes . A single dose of enoxaparin suppressed early coagulation activity , but thrombin generation was not inhibited during thromboprophylaxis . However , PAI-1 activity was suppressed . CONCLUSION D-dimer offers a useful laboratory tool for assessing early and late clinical severity of SAH . A thromboprophylactic dose of enoxaparin inhibited PAI-1 activity but failed to down-regulate coagulation activity and D-dimer . These findings are compatible with the lack of efficacy of enoxaparin in reducing ischemic deficit after SAH . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: subarachnoid hemorrhage :, coagulation activity, acute nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage ( SAH ), enoxaparin, thromboprophylactic efficacy, hemostatic variables, activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis, Blood samples, 42, acute aneurysmal SAH, variables of coagulation and fibrinolysis, D - dimer levels, early coagulation activity, thrombin generation, PAI-1 activity, severity of SAH, coagulation activity and D - dimer Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size, Outcome_Other

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D-dimer predicts outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage : no effect of thromboprophylaxis on coagulation activity . OBJECTIVE Approximately one-third of all patients with acute nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage ( SAH ) experience complications owing to delayed ischemic deficit . We reported recently that enoxaparin 40 mg once daily for 10 days seems safe and demonstrates thromboprophylactic efficacy , but it failed to improve outcome in a randomized SAH trial . In the present study , we assessed hemostatic variables associated with clinical status and outcome of SAH . We also monitored the effect of enoxaparin on activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis after closure of the ruptured aneurysm . METHODS Blood samples to measure activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis were collected from 42 patients participating in the enoxaparin trial for acute aneurysmal SAH at four time points : 1 ) at hospital admission ; 2 ) 12 to 24 hours after aneurysm surgery but before initiation of enoxaparin therapy ; 3 ) 3 hours after the first dose ; and 4 ) at the conclusion of treatment . RESULTS At admission , several variables of coagulation and fibrinolysis were elevated and correlated well with clinical status . Specifically , D-dimer levels at all four time points correlated with patients ' long-term outcomes . A single dose of enoxaparin suppressed early coagulation activity , but thrombin generation was not inhibited during thromboprophylaxis . However , PAI-1 activity was suppressed . CONCLUSION D-dimer offers a useful laboratory tool for assessing early and late clinical severity of SAH . A thromboprophylactic dose of enoxaparin inhibited PAI-1 activity but failed to down-regulate coagulation activity and D-dimer . These findings are compatible with the lack of efficacy of enoxaparin in reducing ischemic deficit after SAH .

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[ "Participant_Condition", "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Sample-size" ]

subarachnoid hemorrhage :, coagulation activity, acute nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage ( SAH ), enoxaparin, thromboprophylactic efficacy, hemostatic variables, activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis, Blood samples, 42, acute aneurysmal SAH, variables of coagulation and fibrinolysis, D - dimer levels, early coagulation activity, thrombin generation, PAI-1 activity, severity of SAH, coagulation activity and D - dimer

22573_task2

Sentence: D-dimer predicts outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage : no effect of thromboprophylaxis on coagulation activity . OBJECTIVE Approximately one-third of all patients with acute nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage ( SAH ) experience complications owing to delayed ischemic deficit . We reported recently that enoxaparin 40 mg once daily for 10 days seems safe and demonstrates thromboprophylactic efficacy , but it failed to improve outcome in a randomized SAH trial . In the present study , we assessed hemostatic variables associated with clinical status and outcome of SAH . We also monitored the effect of enoxaparin on activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis after closure of the ruptured aneurysm . METHODS Blood samples to measure activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis were collected from 42 patients participating in the enoxaparin trial for acute aneurysmal SAH at four time points : 1 ) at hospital admission ; 2 ) 12 to 24 hours after aneurysm surgery but before initiation of enoxaparin therapy ; 3 ) 3 hours after the first dose ; and 4 ) at the conclusion of treatment . RESULTS At admission , several variables of coagulation and fibrinolysis were elevated and correlated well with clinical status . Specifically , D-dimer levels at all four time points correlated with patients ' long-term outcomes . A single dose of enoxaparin suppressed early coagulation activity , but thrombin generation was not inhibited during thromboprophylaxis . However , PAI-1 activity was suppressed . CONCLUSION D-dimer offers a useful laboratory tool for assessing early and late clinical severity of SAH . A thromboprophylactic dose of enoxaparin inhibited PAI-1 activity but failed to down-regulate coagulation activity and D-dimer . These findings are compatible with the lack of efficacy of enoxaparin in reducing ischemic deficit after SAH . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

D-dimer predicts outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage : no effect of thromboprophylaxis on coagulation activity . OBJECTIVE Approximately one-third of all patients with acute nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage ( SAH ) experience complications owing to delayed ischemic deficit . We reported recently that enoxaparin 40 mg once daily for 10 days seems safe and demonstrates thromboprophylactic efficacy , but it failed to improve outcome in a randomized SAH trial . In the present study , we assessed hemostatic variables associated with clinical status and outcome of SAH . We also monitored the effect of enoxaparin on activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis after closure of the ruptured aneurysm . METHODS Blood samples to measure activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis were collected from 42 patients participating in the enoxaparin trial for acute aneurysmal SAH at four time points : 1 ) at hospital admission ; 2 ) 12 to 24 hours after aneurysm surgery but before initiation of enoxaparin therapy ; 3 ) 3 hours after the first dose ; and 4 ) at the conclusion of treatment . RESULTS At admission , several variables of coagulation and fibrinolysis were elevated and correlated well with clinical status . Specifically , D-dimer levels at all four time points correlated with patients ' long-term outcomes . A single dose of enoxaparin suppressed early coagulation activity , but thrombin generation was not inhibited during thromboprophylaxis . However , PAI-1 activity was suppressed . CONCLUSION D-dimer offers a useful laboratory tool for assessing early and late clinical severity of SAH . A thromboprophylactic dose of enoxaparin inhibited PAI-1 activity but failed to down-regulate coagulation activity and D-dimer . These findings are compatible with the lack of efficacy of enoxaparin in reducing ischemic deficit after SAH .

[ "D", "-", "dimer", "predicts", "outcome", "after", "aneurysmal", "subarachnoid", "hemorrhage", ":", "no", "effect", "of", "thromboprophylaxis", "on", "coagulation", "activity", ".", "OBJECTIVE", "Approximately", "one", "-", "third", "of", "all", "patients", "with", "acute", "nontraumatic", "subarachnoid", "hemorrhage", "(", "SAH", ")", "experience", "complications", "owing", "to", "delayed", "ischemic", "deficit", ".", "We", "reported", "recently", "that", "enoxaparin", "40", "mg", "once", "daily", "for", "10", "days", "seems", "safe", "and", "demonstrates", "thromboprophylactic", "efficacy", ",", "but", "it", "failed", "to", "improve", "outcome", "in", "a", "randomized", "SAH", "trial", ".", "In", "the", "present", "study", ",", "we", "assessed", "hemostatic", "variables", "associated", "with", "clinical", "status", "and", "outcome", "of", "SAH", ".", "We", "also", "monitored", "the", "effect", "of", "enoxaparin", "on", "activation", "of", "coagulation", "and", "fibrinolysis", "after", "closure", "of", "the", "ruptured", "aneurysm", ".", "METHODS", "Blood", "samples", "to", "measure", "activation", "of", "coagulation", "and", "fibrinolysis", "were", "collected", "from", "42", "patients", "participating", "in", "the", "enoxaparin", "trial", "for", "acute", "aneurysmal", "SAH", "at", "four", "time", "points", ":", "1", ")", "at", "hospital", "admission", ";", "2", ")", "12", "to", "24", "hours", "after", "aneurysm", "surgery", "but", "before", "initiation", "of", "enoxaparin", "therapy", ";", "3", ")", "3", "hours", "after", "the", "first", "dose", ";", "and", "4", ")", "at", "the", "conclusion", "of", "treatment", ".", "RESULTS", "At", "admission", ",", "several", "variables", "of", "coagulation", "and", "fibrinolysis", "were", "elevated", "and", "correlated", "well", "with", "clinical", "status", ".", "Specifically", ",", "D", "-", "dimer", "levels", "at", "all", "four", "time", "points", "correlated", "with", "patients", "'", "long", "-", "term", "outcomes", ".", "A", "single", "dose", "of", "enoxaparin", "suppressed", "early", "coagulation", "activity", ",", "but", "thrombin", "generation", "was", "not", "inhibited", "during", "thromboprophylaxis", ".", "However", ",", "PAI-1", "activity", "was", "suppressed", ".", "CONCLUSION", "D", "-", "dimer", "offers", "a", "useful", "laboratory", "tool", "for", "assessing", "early", "and", "late", "clinical", "severity", "of", "SAH", ".", "A", "thromboprophylactic", "dose", "of", "enoxaparin", "inhibited", "PAI-1", "activity", "but", "failed", "to", "down", "-", "regulate", "coagulation", "activity", "and", "D", "-", "dimer", ".", "These", "findings", "are", "compatible", "with", "the", "lack", "of", "efficacy", "of", "enoxaparin", "in", "reducing", "ischemic", "deficit", "after", "SAH", "." ]

[ "Participant_Condition", "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Sample-size" ]

Arg is a protein, F - actin is a protein, Arg is a protein, F - actin is a protein

1.0alpha7.train.190_task0

Sentence: Although the cooperativity of Arg binding to F-actin precluded an accurate determination of the dissociation constant of Arg for F-actin ( 19), the apparent Kd was 0.3 muM. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: protein

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Although the cooperativity of Arg binding to F-actin precluded an accurate determination of the dissociation constant of Arg for F-actin ( 19), the apparent Kd was 0.3 muM.

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[ "protein", "protein-family" ]

Arg is a protein, F - actin is a protein, Arg is a protein, F - actin is a protein

1.0alpha7.train.190_task1

Sentence: Although the cooperativity of Arg binding to F-actin precluded an accurate determination of the dissociation constant of Arg for F-actin ( 19), the apparent Kd was 0.3 muM. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Arg, F - actin, Arg, F - actin Options: protein

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Although the cooperativity of Arg binding to F-actin precluded an accurate determination of the dissociation constant of Arg for F-actin ( 19), the apparent Kd was 0.3 muM.

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[ "protein", "protein-family" ]

Arg, F - actin, Arg, F - actin

1.0alpha7.train.190_task2

Sentence: Although the cooperativity of Arg binding to F-actin precluded an accurate determination of the dissociation constant of Arg for F-actin ( 19), the apparent Kd was 0.3 muM. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Although the cooperativity of Arg binding to F-actin precluded an accurate determination of the dissociation constant of Arg for F-actin ( 19), the apparent Kd was 0.3 muM.

[ "Although", "the", "cooperativity", "of", "Arg", "binding", "to", "F", "-", "actin", "precluded", "an", "accurate", "determination", "of", "the", "dissociation", "constant", "of", "Arg", "for", "F", "-", "actin", "(", "19", ")", ",", "the", "apparent", "Kd", "was", "0.3", "muM." ]

[ "protein", "protein-family" ]

Sportbereich is an umlsterm, Therapie is an umlsterm, Therapie is an umlsterm, Muskelverkuerzungen is an umlsterm, Schwunggymnastik is an umlsterm, Methoden is an umlsterm, Gymnastik is an umlsterm, Muskelgruppen is an umlsterm

DerOrthopaede.70260981.ger.abstr_task0

Sentence: Stretching als statische Dehntechnik fand in den letzten 15 Jahren im Fitness- und Sportbereich eine weite Verbreitung . In der Krankengymnastik und manuellen Therapie hatte sich diese Dehntechnik bereits lange als wirksame therapeutische Massnahme bewaehrt . Beim Vorliegen einer muskulaeren Dysbalance mit dadurch bedingten funktionellen Stoerungen am muskuloskelettalen System wurde das statische Dehnen zusammen mit Kraeftigungsgymnastik zur Therapie der Wahl . Die Laengentestung der Muskulatur ist dabei die klinische Untersuchung zur Erfassung von Muskelverkuerzungen . Die Grundlagen dazu werden beschrieben . Die verschiedenen Formen der Muskeldehntechniken werden dargestellt : dynamisches Dehnen ( Schwunggymnastik ) , statisches Dehnen ( Stretching ) , unterteilt in passive statische Dehnuebungen und die neuromuskulaeren Dehnuebungen . Die neurophysiologischen Hintergruende werden diskutiert , ebenso der Stellenwert der einzelnen Methoden in der funktionellen Gymnastik . Praktische Beispiele fuer die wichtigsten Muskelgruppen sind dargestellt . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

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Stretching als statische Dehntechnik fand in den letzten 15 Jahren im Fitness- und Sportbereich eine weite Verbreitung . In der Krankengymnastik und manuellen Therapie hatte sich diese Dehntechnik bereits lange als wirksame therapeutische Massnahme bewaehrt . Beim Vorliegen einer muskulaeren Dysbalance mit dadurch bedingten funktionellen Stoerungen am muskuloskelettalen System wurde das statische Dehnen zusammen mit Kraeftigungsgymnastik zur Therapie der Wahl . Die Laengentestung der Muskulatur ist dabei die klinische Untersuchung zur Erfassung von Muskelverkuerzungen . Die Grundlagen dazu werden beschrieben . Die verschiedenen Formen der Muskeldehntechniken werden dargestellt : dynamisches Dehnen ( Schwunggymnastik ) , statisches Dehnen ( Stretching ) , unterteilt in passive statische Dehnuebungen und die neuromuskulaeren Dehnuebungen . Die neurophysiologischen Hintergruende werden diskutiert , ebenso der Stellenwert der einzelnen Methoden in der funktionellen Gymnastik . Praktische Beispiele fuer die wichtigsten Muskelgruppen sind dargestellt .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Sportbereich is an umlsterm, Therapie is an umlsterm, Therapie is an umlsterm, Muskelverkuerzungen is an umlsterm, Schwunggymnastik is an umlsterm, Methoden is an umlsterm, Gymnastik is an umlsterm, Muskelgruppen is an umlsterm

DerOrthopaede.70260981.ger.abstr_task1

Sentence: Stretching als statische Dehntechnik fand in den letzten 15 Jahren im Fitness- und Sportbereich eine weite Verbreitung . In der Krankengymnastik und manuellen Therapie hatte sich diese Dehntechnik bereits lange als wirksame therapeutische Massnahme bewaehrt . Beim Vorliegen einer muskulaeren Dysbalance mit dadurch bedingten funktionellen Stoerungen am muskuloskelettalen System wurde das statische Dehnen zusammen mit Kraeftigungsgymnastik zur Therapie der Wahl . Die Laengentestung der Muskulatur ist dabei die klinische Untersuchung zur Erfassung von Muskelverkuerzungen . Die Grundlagen dazu werden beschrieben . Die verschiedenen Formen der Muskeldehntechniken werden dargestellt : dynamisches Dehnen ( Schwunggymnastik ) , statisches Dehnen ( Stretching ) , unterteilt in passive statische Dehnuebungen und die neuromuskulaeren Dehnuebungen . Die neurophysiologischen Hintergruende werden diskutiert , ebenso der Stellenwert der einzelnen Methoden in der funktionellen Gymnastik . Praktische Beispiele fuer die wichtigsten Muskelgruppen sind dargestellt . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Sportbereich, Therapie, Therapie, Muskelverkuerzungen, Schwunggymnastik, Methoden, Gymnastik, Muskelgruppen Options: umlsterm

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Stretching als statische Dehntechnik fand in den letzten 15 Jahren im Fitness- und Sportbereich eine weite Verbreitung . In der Krankengymnastik und manuellen Therapie hatte sich diese Dehntechnik bereits lange als wirksame therapeutische Massnahme bewaehrt . Beim Vorliegen einer muskulaeren Dysbalance mit dadurch bedingten funktionellen Stoerungen am muskuloskelettalen System wurde das statische Dehnen zusammen mit Kraeftigungsgymnastik zur Therapie der Wahl . Die Laengentestung der Muskulatur ist dabei die klinische Untersuchung zur Erfassung von Muskelverkuerzungen . Die Grundlagen dazu werden beschrieben . Die verschiedenen Formen der Muskeldehntechniken werden dargestellt : dynamisches Dehnen ( Schwunggymnastik ) , statisches Dehnen ( Stretching ) , unterteilt in passive statische Dehnuebungen und die neuromuskulaeren Dehnuebungen . Die neurophysiologischen Hintergruende werden diskutiert , ebenso der Stellenwert der einzelnen Methoden in der funktionellen Gymnastik . Praktische Beispiele fuer die wichtigsten Muskelgruppen sind dargestellt .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Sportbereich, Therapie, Therapie, Muskelverkuerzungen, Schwunggymnastik, Methoden, Gymnastik, Muskelgruppen

DerOrthopaede.70260981.ger.abstr_task2

Sentence: Stretching als statische Dehntechnik fand in den letzten 15 Jahren im Fitness- und Sportbereich eine weite Verbreitung . In der Krankengymnastik und manuellen Therapie hatte sich diese Dehntechnik bereits lange als wirksame therapeutische Massnahme bewaehrt . Beim Vorliegen einer muskulaeren Dysbalance mit dadurch bedingten funktionellen Stoerungen am muskuloskelettalen System wurde das statische Dehnen zusammen mit Kraeftigungsgymnastik zur Therapie der Wahl . Die Laengentestung der Muskulatur ist dabei die klinische Untersuchung zur Erfassung von Muskelverkuerzungen . Die Grundlagen dazu werden beschrieben . Die verschiedenen Formen der Muskeldehntechniken werden dargestellt : dynamisches Dehnen ( Schwunggymnastik ) , statisches Dehnen ( Stretching ) , unterteilt in passive statische Dehnuebungen und die neuromuskulaeren Dehnuebungen . Die neurophysiologischen Hintergruende werden diskutiert , ebenso der Stellenwert der einzelnen Methoden in der funktionellen Gymnastik . Praktische Beispiele fuer die wichtigsten Muskelgruppen sind dargestellt . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Stretching als statische Dehntechnik fand in den letzten 15 Jahren im Fitness- und Sportbereich eine weite Verbreitung . In der Krankengymnastik und manuellen Therapie hatte sich diese Dehntechnik bereits lange als wirksame therapeutische Massnahme bewaehrt . Beim Vorliegen einer muskulaeren Dysbalance mit dadurch bedingten funktionellen Stoerungen am muskuloskelettalen System wurde das statische Dehnen zusammen mit Kraeftigungsgymnastik zur Therapie der Wahl . Die Laengentestung der Muskulatur ist dabei die klinische Untersuchung zur Erfassung von Muskelverkuerzungen . Die Grundlagen dazu werden beschrieben . Die verschiedenen Formen der Muskeldehntechniken werden dargestellt : dynamisches Dehnen ( Schwunggymnastik ) , statisches Dehnen ( Stretching ) , unterteilt in passive statische Dehnuebungen und die neuromuskulaeren Dehnuebungen . Die neurophysiologischen Hintergruende werden diskutiert , ebenso der Stellenwert der einzelnen Methoden in der funktionellen Gymnastik . Praktische Beispiele fuer die wichtigsten Muskelgruppen sind dargestellt .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

allyl is a CHEMICAL, thiol is a CHEMICAL

4401_task0

Sentence: Bioinspired Water-Enhanced Mechanical Gradient Nanocomposite Films That Mimic the Architecture and Properties of the Squid Beak. Inspired by the water-enhanced mechanical gradient character of the squid beak, we herein report a nanocomposite that mimics both the architecture and properties of this interesting natural material. Similar to the squid beak, we have developed nanocomposites where the degree of cross-linking is controlled along the length of the film. In this study, we utilized tunicate cellulose nanocrystals as the nanofiller that are functionalized with allyl moieties. Using photoinduced thiol-ene chemistry, we have been able to cross-link the CNC nanofiller. In the dry state where strong CNC interactions can occur, only a small mechanical contrast is observed between the cross-linked and uncross-linked samples. However, when the films are exposed to water, which "switches off" the noncovalent CNC interactions, a significant mechanical contrast is observed between the same films. For example, at 20 wt % CNC (in the dry film), an increase in wet modulus from 60 to 300 MPa (∼500% increase) is observed after photoirradiation. Furthermore, we show that the wet modulus can be controlled by altering the UV exposure time which allows access to mechanical gradient films. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: CHEMICAL

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Bioinspired Water-Enhanced Mechanical Gradient Nanocomposite Films That Mimic the Architecture and Properties of the Squid Beak. Inspired by the water-enhanced mechanical gradient character of the squid beak, we herein report a nanocomposite that mimics both the architecture and properties of this interesting natural material. Similar to the squid beak, we have developed nanocomposites where the degree of cross-linking is controlled along the length of the film. In this study, we utilized tunicate cellulose nanocrystals as the nanofiller that are functionalized with allyl moieties. Using photoinduced thiol-ene chemistry, we have been able to cross-link the CNC nanofiller. In the dry state where strong CNC interactions can occur, only a small mechanical contrast is observed between the cross-linked and uncross-linked samples. However, when the films are exposed to water, which "switches off" the noncovalent CNC interactions, a significant mechanical contrast is observed between the same films. For example, at 20 wt % CNC (in the dry film), an increase in wet modulus from 60 to 300 MPa (∼500% increase) is observed after photoirradiation. Furthermore, we show that the wet modulus can be controlled by altering the UV exposure time which allows access to mechanical gradient films.

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[ "CHEMICAL" ]

allyl is a CHEMICAL, thiol is a CHEMICAL

4401_task1

Sentence: Bioinspired Water-Enhanced Mechanical Gradient Nanocomposite Films That Mimic the Architecture and Properties of the Squid Beak. Inspired by the water-enhanced mechanical gradient character of the squid beak, we herein report a nanocomposite that mimics both the architecture and properties of this interesting natural material. Similar to the squid beak, we have developed nanocomposites where the degree of cross-linking is controlled along the length of the film. In this study, we utilized tunicate cellulose nanocrystals as the nanofiller that are functionalized with allyl moieties. Using photoinduced thiol-ene chemistry, we have been able to cross-link the CNC nanofiller. In the dry state where strong CNC interactions can occur, only a small mechanical contrast is observed between the cross-linked and uncross-linked samples. However, when the films are exposed to water, which "switches off" the noncovalent CNC interactions, a significant mechanical contrast is observed between the same films. For example, at 20 wt % CNC (in the dry film), an increase in wet modulus from 60 to 300 MPa (∼500% increase) is observed after photoirradiation. Furthermore, we show that the wet modulus can be controlled by altering the UV exposure time which allows access to mechanical gradient films. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: allyl, thiol Options: CHEMICAL

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Bioinspired Water-Enhanced Mechanical Gradient Nanocomposite Films That Mimic the Architecture and Properties of the Squid Beak. Inspired by the water-enhanced mechanical gradient character of the squid beak, we herein report a nanocomposite that mimics both the architecture and properties of this interesting natural material. Similar to the squid beak, we have developed nanocomposites where the degree of cross-linking is controlled along the length of the film. In this study, we utilized tunicate cellulose nanocrystals as the nanofiller that are functionalized with allyl moieties. Using photoinduced thiol-ene chemistry, we have been able to cross-link the CNC nanofiller. In the dry state where strong CNC interactions can occur, only a small mechanical contrast is observed between the cross-linked and uncross-linked samples. However, when the films are exposed to water, which "switches off" the noncovalent CNC interactions, a significant mechanical contrast is observed between the same films. For example, at 20 wt % CNC (in the dry film), an increase in wet modulus from 60 to 300 MPa (∼500% increase) is observed after photoirradiation. Furthermore, we show that the wet modulus can be controlled by altering the UV exposure time which allows access to mechanical gradient films.

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[ "CHEMICAL" ]

allyl, thiol

4401_task2

Sentence: Bioinspired Water-Enhanced Mechanical Gradient Nanocomposite Films That Mimic the Architecture and Properties of the Squid Beak. Inspired by the water-enhanced mechanical gradient character of the squid beak, we herein report a nanocomposite that mimics both the architecture and properties of this interesting natural material. Similar to the squid beak, we have developed nanocomposites where the degree of cross-linking is controlled along the length of the film. In this study, we utilized tunicate cellulose nanocrystals as the nanofiller that are functionalized with allyl moieties. Using photoinduced thiol-ene chemistry, we have been able to cross-link the CNC nanofiller. In the dry state where strong CNC interactions can occur, only a small mechanical contrast is observed between the cross-linked and uncross-linked samples. However, when the films are exposed to water, which "switches off" the noncovalent CNC interactions, a significant mechanical contrast is observed between the same films. For example, at 20 wt % CNC (in the dry film), an increase in wet modulus from 60 to 300 MPa (∼500% increase) is observed after photoirradiation. Furthermore, we show that the wet modulus can be controlled by altering the UV exposure time which allows access to mechanical gradient films. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Bioinspired Water-Enhanced Mechanical Gradient Nanocomposite Films That Mimic the Architecture and Properties of the Squid Beak. Inspired by the water-enhanced mechanical gradient character of the squid beak, we herein report a nanocomposite that mimics both the architecture and properties of this interesting natural material. Similar to the squid beak, we have developed nanocomposites where the degree of cross-linking is controlled along the length of the film. In this study, we utilized tunicate cellulose nanocrystals as the nanofiller that are functionalized with allyl moieties. Using photoinduced thiol-ene chemistry, we have been able to cross-link the CNC nanofiller. In the dry state where strong CNC interactions can occur, only a small mechanical contrast is observed between the cross-linked and uncross-linked samples. However, when the films are exposed to water, which "switches off" the noncovalent CNC interactions, a significant mechanical contrast is observed between the same films. For example, at 20 wt % CNC (in the dry film), an increase in wet modulus from 60 to 300 MPa (∼500% increase) is observed after photoirradiation. Furthermore, we show that the wet modulus can be controlled by altering the UV exposure time which allows access to mechanical gradient films.

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[ "CHEMICAL" ]

melasma is a Participant_Condition, Chemical peels is a Intervention_Pharmacological, topical depigmenting agents is a Intervention_Pharmacological, clinical efficacy is a Outcome_Other, trichloroacetic acid peel 20 % vs is a Intervention_Pharmacological, Jessner ' s solution peel vs . the topical mixture of hydroquinone 2 % and kojic acid is a Intervention_Pharmacological, Forty five is a Participant_Sample-size, topical hydroquinone 2 % and kojic acid is a Intervention_Pharmacological, Melasma Area and Severity Index ( MASI ) score and photography is a Outcome_Physical, MASI score is a Outcome_Physical, Trichloroacetic acid 20 % is a Intervention_Pharmacological, hydroquinone 2 % with kojic acid is a Intervention_Pharmacological

43071_task0

Sentence: Different therapeutic modalities for treatment of melasma . BACKGROUND Chemical peels and topical depigmenting agents have become a popular modality in the treatment of melasma . AIMS To compare the clinical efficacy of trichloroacetic acid peel 20 % vs . Jessner 's solution peel vs. the topical mixture of hydroquinone 2 % and kojic acid . PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty five patients with melasma were randomly assigned into three groups of fifteen patients each . Group A received Jessner 's solution peel , group B received trichloroacetic acid peel 20 % , and group C received topical hydroquinone 2 % and kojic acid . All patients were seen in follow-up period after 16 weeks ; clinical evaluation using Melasma Area and Severity Index ( MASI ) score and photography were recorded before and after treatment and after 16 weeks . RESULTS There was a decrease in MASI score in all three groups after treatment and after follow-up period but after treatment MASI score was statistically significantly lower in group A than group C ( P = 0.01 ) , and it was also statistically significantly lower in group B than group C ( P < 0.001 ) but there was no statistically significant difference between groups A and B . After the follow-up period , MASI score was statistically significantly lower in group A than group C ( P < 0.001 ) , statistically significantly lower in group B than group C ( P < 0.001 ) , and statistically significantly lower in group B than group A ( P = 0.035 ) . The statistical analysis was done through one-way anova followed by least significant difference ( LSD ) . CONCLUSION Trichloroacetic acid 20 % showed better results than Jessner 's solution as peeling agent and hydroquinone 2 % with kojic acid as a topical agent in the treatment of melasma . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size, Outcome_Other

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Different therapeutic modalities for treatment of melasma . BACKGROUND Chemical peels and topical depigmenting agents have become a popular modality in the treatment of melasma . AIMS To compare the clinical efficacy of trichloroacetic acid peel 20 % vs . Jessner 's solution peel vs. the topical mixture of hydroquinone 2 % and kojic acid . PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty five patients with melasma were randomly assigned into three groups of fifteen patients each . Group A received Jessner 's solution peel , group B received trichloroacetic acid peel 20 % , and group C received topical hydroquinone 2 % and kojic acid . All patients were seen in follow-up period after 16 weeks ; clinical evaluation using Melasma Area and Severity Index ( MASI ) score and photography were recorded before and after treatment and after 16 weeks . RESULTS There was a decrease in MASI score in all three groups after treatment and after follow-up period but after treatment MASI score was statistically significantly lower in group A than group C ( P = 0.01 ) , and it was also statistically significantly lower in group B than group C ( P < 0.001 ) but there was no statistically significant difference between groups A and B . After the follow-up period , MASI score was statistically significantly lower in group A than group C ( P < 0.001 ) , statistically significantly lower in group B than group C ( P < 0.001 ) , and statistically significantly lower in group B than group A ( P = 0.035 ) . The statistical analysis was done through one-way anova followed by least significant difference ( LSD ) . CONCLUSION Trichloroacetic acid 20 % showed better results than Jessner 's solution as peeling agent and hydroquinone 2 % with kojic acid as a topical agent in the treatment of melasma .

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[ "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Other", "Participant_Sample-size", "Participant_Condition" ]

melasma is a Participant_Condition, Chemical peels is a Intervention_Pharmacological, topical depigmenting agents is a Intervention_Pharmacological, clinical efficacy is a Outcome_Other, trichloroacetic acid peel 20 % vs is a Intervention_Pharmacological, Jessner ' s solution peel vs . the topical mixture of hydroquinone 2 % and kojic acid is a Intervention_Pharmacological, Forty five is a Participant_Sample-size, topical hydroquinone 2 % and kojic acid is a Intervention_Pharmacological, Melasma Area and Severity Index ( MASI ) score and photography is a Outcome_Physical, MASI score is a Outcome_Physical, Trichloroacetic acid 20 % is a Intervention_Pharmacological, hydroquinone 2 % with kojic acid is a Intervention_Pharmacological

43071_task1

Sentence: Different therapeutic modalities for treatment of melasma . BACKGROUND Chemical peels and topical depigmenting agents have become a popular modality in the treatment of melasma . AIMS To compare the clinical efficacy of trichloroacetic acid peel 20 % vs . Jessner 's solution peel vs. the topical mixture of hydroquinone 2 % and kojic acid . PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty five patients with melasma were randomly assigned into three groups of fifteen patients each . Group A received Jessner 's solution peel , group B received trichloroacetic acid peel 20 % , and group C received topical hydroquinone 2 % and kojic acid . All patients were seen in follow-up period after 16 weeks ; clinical evaluation using Melasma Area and Severity Index ( MASI ) score and photography were recorded before and after treatment and after 16 weeks . RESULTS There was a decrease in MASI score in all three groups after treatment and after follow-up period but after treatment MASI score was statistically significantly lower in group A than group C ( P = 0.01 ) , and it was also statistically significantly lower in group B than group C ( P < 0.001 ) but there was no statistically significant difference between groups A and B . After the follow-up period , MASI score was statistically significantly lower in group A than group C ( P < 0.001 ) , statistically significantly lower in group B than group C ( P < 0.001 ) , and statistically significantly lower in group B than group A ( P = 0.035 ) . The statistical analysis was done through one-way anova followed by least significant difference ( LSD ) . CONCLUSION Trichloroacetic acid 20 % showed better results than Jessner 's solution as peeling agent and hydroquinone 2 % with kojic acid as a topical agent in the treatment of melasma . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: melasma, Chemical peels, topical depigmenting agents, clinical efficacy, trichloroacetic acid peel 20 % vs, Jessner ' s solution peel vs . the topical mixture of hydroquinone 2 % and kojic acid, Forty five, topical hydroquinone 2 % and kojic acid, Melasma Area and Severity Index ( MASI ) score and photography, MASI score, Trichloroacetic acid 20 %, hydroquinone 2 % with kojic acid Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size, Outcome_Other

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Different therapeutic modalities for treatment of melasma . BACKGROUND Chemical peels and topical depigmenting agents have become a popular modality in the treatment of melasma . AIMS To compare the clinical efficacy of trichloroacetic acid peel 20 % vs . Jessner 's solution peel vs. the topical mixture of hydroquinone 2 % and kojic acid . PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty five patients with melasma were randomly assigned into three groups of fifteen patients each . Group A received Jessner 's solution peel , group B received trichloroacetic acid peel 20 % , and group C received topical hydroquinone 2 % and kojic acid . All patients were seen in follow-up period after 16 weeks ; clinical evaluation using Melasma Area and Severity Index ( MASI ) score and photography were recorded before and after treatment and after 16 weeks . RESULTS There was a decrease in MASI score in all three groups after treatment and after follow-up period but after treatment MASI score was statistically significantly lower in group A than group C ( P = 0.01 ) , and it was also statistically significantly lower in group B than group C ( P < 0.001 ) but there was no statistically significant difference between groups A and B . After the follow-up period , MASI score was statistically significantly lower in group A than group C ( P < 0.001 ) , statistically significantly lower in group B than group C ( P < 0.001 ) , and statistically significantly lower in group B than group A ( P = 0.035 ) . The statistical analysis was done through one-way anova followed by least significant difference ( LSD ) . CONCLUSION Trichloroacetic acid 20 % showed better results than Jessner 's solution as peeling agent and hydroquinone 2 % with kojic acid as a topical agent in the treatment of melasma .

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[ "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Other", "Participant_Sample-size", "Participant_Condition" ]

melasma, Chemical peels, topical depigmenting agents, clinical efficacy, trichloroacetic acid peel 20 % vs, Jessner ' s solution peel vs . the topical mixture of hydroquinone 2 % and kojic acid, Forty five, topical hydroquinone 2 % and kojic acid, Melasma Area and Severity Index ( MASI ) score and photography, MASI score, Trichloroacetic acid 20 %, hydroquinone 2 % with kojic acid

43071_task2

Sentence: Different therapeutic modalities for treatment of melasma . BACKGROUND Chemical peels and topical depigmenting agents have become a popular modality in the treatment of melasma . AIMS To compare the clinical efficacy of trichloroacetic acid peel 20 % vs . Jessner 's solution peel vs. the topical mixture of hydroquinone 2 % and kojic acid . PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty five patients with melasma were randomly assigned into three groups of fifteen patients each . Group A received Jessner 's solution peel , group B received trichloroacetic acid peel 20 % , and group C received topical hydroquinone 2 % and kojic acid . All patients were seen in follow-up period after 16 weeks ; clinical evaluation using Melasma Area and Severity Index ( MASI ) score and photography were recorded before and after treatment and after 16 weeks . RESULTS There was a decrease in MASI score in all three groups after treatment and after follow-up period but after treatment MASI score was statistically significantly lower in group A than group C ( P = 0.01 ) , and it was also statistically significantly lower in group B than group C ( P < 0.001 ) but there was no statistically significant difference between groups A and B . After the follow-up period , MASI score was statistically significantly lower in group A than group C ( P < 0.001 ) , statistically significantly lower in group B than group C ( P < 0.001 ) , and statistically significantly lower in group B than group A ( P = 0.035 ) . The statistical analysis was done through one-way anova followed by least significant difference ( LSD ) . CONCLUSION Trichloroacetic acid 20 % showed better results than Jessner 's solution as peeling agent and hydroquinone 2 % with kojic acid as a topical agent in the treatment of melasma . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Different therapeutic modalities for treatment of melasma . BACKGROUND Chemical peels and topical depigmenting agents have become a popular modality in the treatment of melasma . AIMS To compare the clinical efficacy of trichloroacetic acid peel 20 % vs . Jessner 's solution peel vs. the topical mixture of hydroquinone 2 % and kojic acid . PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty five patients with melasma were randomly assigned into three groups of fifteen patients each . Group A received Jessner 's solution peel , group B received trichloroacetic acid peel 20 % , and group C received topical hydroquinone 2 % and kojic acid . All patients were seen in follow-up period after 16 weeks ; clinical evaluation using Melasma Area and Severity Index ( MASI ) score and photography were recorded before and after treatment and after 16 weeks . RESULTS There was a decrease in MASI score in all three groups after treatment and after follow-up period but after treatment MASI score was statistically significantly lower in group A than group C ( P = 0.01 ) , and it was also statistically significantly lower in group B than group C ( P < 0.001 ) but there was no statistically significant difference between groups A and B . After the follow-up period , MASI score was statistically significantly lower in group A than group C ( P < 0.001 ) , statistically significantly lower in group B than group C ( P < 0.001 ) , and statistically significantly lower in group B than group A ( P = 0.035 ) . The statistical analysis was done through one-way anova followed by least significant difference ( LSD ) . CONCLUSION Trichloroacetic acid 20 % showed better results than Jessner 's solution as peeling agent and hydroquinone 2 % with kojic acid as a topical agent in the treatment of melasma .

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[ "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Other", "Participant_Sample-size", "Participant_Condition" ]

carbamazepina is a NORMALIZABLES, hidantoína is a NORMALIZABLES, Topamax is a NORMALIZABLES, gadolinio is a NORMALIZABLES, Topamax is a NORMALIZABLES

199_task0

Sentence: Mujer de 16 años remitida a la consulta de oftalmología por un cuadro de dificultad visual, «como una parte del encerado que no veo, especialmente desde hace 3 semanas». Su madre refiere que «ha pasado de ser una niña activa a estar enlentecida, con dificultad para pensar, hablar y ahora ve mal». Desde los 7 años presenta crisis epilépticas de difícil control. Su tratamiento era carbamazepina, hidantoína y desde hacía 3 meses Topamax 125 mg al día. La última exploración oftalmológica realizada un año antes fue normal. En la exploración realizada la agudeza visual (AV) espontánea era de 1 en ambos ojos, con una biomicroscopía anterior normal. Las pupilas eran isocóricas y normorreactivas. El estudio fundoscópico no presenta alteraciones. En la campimetría computerizada se aprecia una hemianopsia homónima izquierda no congruente. El test de colores no presentaba alteraciones en ningún ojo. Una resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) cerebral con gadolinio fue normal así como una RMN por difusión. El resto de la exploración neurológica fue normal. Ante la sospecha de un fenómeno tóxico por Topamax se suspendió de forma progresiva, con mejoría subjetiva del paciente y recuperación parcial del campo visual. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: NORMALIZABLES

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Mujer de 16 años remitida a la consulta de oftalmología por un cuadro de dificultad visual, «como una parte del encerado que no veo, especialmente desde hace 3 semanas». Su madre refiere que «ha pasado de ser una niña activa a estar enlentecida, con dificultad para pensar, hablar y ahora ve mal». Desde los 7 años presenta crisis epilépticas de difícil control. Su tratamiento era carbamazepina, hidantoína y desde hacía 3 meses Topamax 125 mg al día. La última exploración oftalmológica realizada un año antes fue normal. En la exploración realizada la agudeza visual (AV) espontánea era de 1 en ambos ojos, con una biomicroscopía anterior normal. Las pupilas eran isocóricas y normorreactivas. El estudio fundoscópico no presenta alteraciones. En la campimetría computerizada se aprecia una hemianopsia homónima izquierda no congruente. El test de colores no presentaba alteraciones en ningún ojo. Una resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) cerebral con gadolinio fue normal así como una RMN por difusión. El resto de la exploración neurológica fue normal. Ante la sospecha de un fenómeno tóxico por Topamax se suspendió de forma progresiva, con mejoría subjetiva del paciente y recuperación parcial del campo visual.

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[ "NORMALIZABLES" ]

carbamazepina is a NORMALIZABLES, hidantoína is a NORMALIZABLES, Topamax is a NORMALIZABLES, gadolinio is a NORMALIZABLES, Topamax is a NORMALIZABLES

199_task1

Sentence: Mujer de 16 años remitida a la consulta de oftalmología por un cuadro de dificultad visual, «como una parte del encerado que no veo, especialmente desde hace 3 semanas». Su madre refiere que «ha pasado de ser una niña activa a estar enlentecida, con dificultad para pensar, hablar y ahora ve mal». Desde los 7 años presenta crisis epilépticas de difícil control. Su tratamiento era carbamazepina, hidantoína y desde hacía 3 meses Topamax 125 mg al día. La última exploración oftalmológica realizada un año antes fue normal. En la exploración realizada la agudeza visual (AV) espontánea era de 1 en ambos ojos, con una biomicroscopía anterior normal. Las pupilas eran isocóricas y normorreactivas. El estudio fundoscópico no presenta alteraciones. En la campimetría computerizada se aprecia una hemianopsia homónima izquierda no congruente. El test de colores no presentaba alteraciones en ningún ojo. Una resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) cerebral con gadolinio fue normal así como una RMN por difusión. El resto de la exploración neurológica fue normal. Ante la sospecha de un fenómeno tóxico por Topamax se suspendió de forma progresiva, con mejoría subjetiva del paciente y recuperación parcial del campo visual. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: carbamazepina, hidantoína, Topamax, gadolinio, Topamax Options: NORMALIZABLES

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Mujer de 16 años remitida a la consulta de oftalmología por un cuadro de dificultad visual, «como una parte del encerado que no veo, especialmente desde hace 3 semanas». Su madre refiere que «ha pasado de ser una niña activa a estar enlentecida, con dificultad para pensar, hablar y ahora ve mal». Desde los 7 años presenta crisis epilépticas de difícil control. Su tratamiento era carbamazepina, hidantoína y desde hacía 3 meses Topamax 125 mg al día. La última exploración oftalmológica realizada un año antes fue normal. En la exploración realizada la agudeza visual (AV) espontánea era de 1 en ambos ojos, con una biomicroscopía anterior normal. Las pupilas eran isocóricas y normorreactivas. El estudio fundoscópico no presenta alteraciones. En la campimetría computerizada se aprecia una hemianopsia homónima izquierda no congruente. El test de colores no presentaba alteraciones en ningún ojo. Una resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) cerebral con gadolinio fue normal así como una RMN por difusión. El resto de la exploración neurológica fue normal. Ante la sospecha de un fenómeno tóxico por Topamax se suspendió de forma progresiva, con mejoría subjetiva del paciente y recuperación parcial del campo visual.

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[ "NORMALIZABLES" ]

carbamazepina, hidantoína, Topamax, gadolinio, Topamax

199_task2

Sentence: Mujer de 16 años remitida a la consulta de oftalmología por un cuadro de dificultad visual, «como una parte del encerado que no veo, especialmente desde hace 3 semanas». Su madre refiere que «ha pasado de ser una niña activa a estar enlentecida, con dificultad para pensar, hablar y ahora ve mal». Desde los 7 años presenta crisis epilépticas de difícil control. Su tratamiento era carbamazepina, hidantoína y desde hacía 3 meses Topamax 125 mg al día. La última exploración oftalmológica realizada un año antes fue normal. En la exploración realizada la agudeza visual (AV) espontánea era de 1 en ambos ojos, con una biomicroscopía anterior normal. Las pupilas eran isocóricas y normorreactivas. El estudio fundoscópico no presenta alteraciones. En la campimetría computerizada se aprecia una hemianopsia homónima izquierda no congruente. El test de colores no presentaba alteraciones en ningún ojo. Una resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) cerebral con gadolinio fue normal así como una RMN por difusión. El resto de la exploración neurológica fue normal. Ante la sospecha de un fenómeno tóxico por Topamax se suspendió de forma progresiva, con mejoría subjetiva del paciente y recuperación parcial del campo visual. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Mujer de 16 años remitida a la consulta de oftalmología por un cuadro de dificultad visual, «como una parte del encerado que no veo, especialmente desde hace 3 semanas». Su madre refiere que «ha pasado de ser una niña activa a estar enlentecida, con dificultad para pensar, hablar y ahora ve mal». Desde los 7 años presenta crisis epilépticas de difícil control. Su tratamiento era carbamazepina, hidantoína y desde hacía 3 meses Topamax 125 mg al día. La última exploración oftalmológica realizada un año antes fue normal. En la exploración realizada la agudeza visual (AV) espontánea era de 1 en ambos ojos, con una biomicroscopía anterior normal. Las pupilas eran isocóricas y normorreactivas. El estudio fundoscópico no presenta alteraciones. En la campimetría computerizada se aprecia una hemianopsia homónima izquierda no congruente. El test de colores no presentaba alteraciones en ningún ojo. Una resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) cerebral con gadolinio fue normal así como una RMN por difusión. El resto de la exploración neurológica fue normal. Ante la sospecha de un fenómeno tóxico por Topamax se suspendió de forma progresiva, con mejoría subjetiva del paciente y recuperación parcial del campo visual.

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[ "NORMALIZABLES" ]

Tmem64 is a GENE-Y, calcium is a CHEMICAL, RANKL is a GENE-Y, receptor activator of NF - κB ligand is a GENE-Y, nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 is a GENE-Y, NFATc1 is a GENE-Y, calcium is a CHEMICAL, Ca(2 + ) is a CHEMICAL, transmembrane protein 64 is a GENE-Y, Tmem64 is a GENE-Y, Ca(2 + ) is a CHEMICAL, Ca(2 + ) is a CHEMICAL, Tmem64 is a GENE-Y, RANKL is a GENE-Y, Ca(2+)/calmodulin - dependent protein kinases ( CaMK ) IV is a GENE-Y, CREB is a GENE-N, Tmem64 is a GENE-Y, Ca(2 + ) is a CHEMICAL

24789_task0

Sentence: Tmem64 modulates calcium signaling during RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation. Osteoclast maturation and function primarily depend on receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-mediated induction of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1), which is further activated via increased intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) oscillation. However, the coordination mechanism that mediates Ca(2+) oscillation during osteoclastogenesis remains ill defined. Here, we identified transmembrane protein 64 (Tmem64) as a regulator of Ca(2+) oscillation during osteoclastogenesis. We found that Tmem64-deficient mice exhibit increased bone mass due in part to impaired osteoclast formation. Using in vitro osteoclast culture systems, we show here that Tmem64 interacts with sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase 2 (SERCA2) and modulates its activity. Consequently, Tmem64 deficiency significantly diminishes RANKL-induced [Ca(2+)](i) oscillation, which results in reduced Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMK) IV and mitochondrial ROS, both of which contribute to achieving the CREB activity necessary for osteoclast formation. These data demonstrate that Tmem64 is a positive modulator of osteoclast differentiation via SERCA2-dependent Ca(2+) signaling. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: GENE-N, GENE-Y, CHEMICAL

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Tmem64 modulates calcium signaling during RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation. Osteoclast maturation and function primarily depend on receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-mediated induction of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1), which is further activated via increased intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) oscillation. However, the coordination mechanism that mediates Ca(2+) oscillation during osteoclastogenesis remains ill defined. Here, we identified transmembrane protein 64 (Tmem64) as a regulator of Ca(2+) oscillation during osteoclastogenesis. We found that Tmem64-deficient mice exhibit increased bone mass due in part to impaired osteoclast formation. Using in vitro osteoclast culture systems, we show here that Tmem64 interacts with sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase 2 (SERCA2) and modulates its activity. Consequently, Tmem64 deficiency significantly diminishes RANKL-induced [Ca(2+)](i) oscillation, which results in reduced Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMK) IV and mitochondrial ROS, both of which contribute to achieving the CREB activity necessary for osteoclast formation. These data demonstrate that Tmem64 is a positive modulator of osteoclast differentiation via SERCA2-dependent Ca(2+) signaling.

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[ "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL", "GENE-N" ]

Tmem64 is a GENE-Y, calcium is a CHEMICAL, RANKL is a GENE-Y, receptor activator of NF - κB ligand is a GENE-Y, nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 is a GENE-Y, NFATc1 is a GENE-Y, calcium is a CHEMICAL, Ca(2 + ) is a CHEMICAL, transmembrane protein 64 is a GENE-Y, Tmem64 is a GENE-Y, Ca(2 + ) is a CHEMICAL, Ca(2 + ) is a CHEMICAL, Tmem64 is a GENE-Y, RANKL is a GENE-Y, Ca(2+)/calmodulin - dependent protein kinases ( CaMK ) IV is a GENE-Y, CREB is a GENE-N, Tmem64 is a GENE-Y, Ca(2 + ) is a CHEMICAL

24789_task1

Sentence: Tmem64 modulates calcium signaling during RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation. Osteoclast maturation and function primarily depend on receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-mediated induction of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1), which is further activated via increased intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) oscillation. However, the coordination mechanism that mediates Ca(2+) oscillation during osteoclastogenesis remains ill defined. Here, we identified transmembrane protein 64 (Tmem64) as a regulator of Ca(2+) oscillation during osteoclastogenesis. We found that Tmem64-deficient mice exhibit increased bone mass due in part to impaired osteoclast formation. Using in vitro osteoclast culture systems, we show here that Tmem64 interacts with sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase 2 (SERCA2) and modulates its activity. Consequently, Tmem64 deficiency significantly diminishes RANKL-induced [Ca(2+)](i) oscillation, which results in reduced Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMK) IV and mitochondrial ROS, both of which contribute to achieving the CREB activity necessary for osteoclast formation. These data demonstrate that Tmem64 is a positive modulator of osteoclast differentiation via SERCA2-dependent Ca(2+) signaling. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Tmem64, calcium, RANKL, receptor activator of NF - κB ligand, nuclear factor of activated T cells c1, NFATc1, calcium, Ca(2 + ), transmembrane protein 64, Tmem64, Ca(2 + ), Ca(2 + ), Tmem64, RANKL, Ca(2+)/calmodulin - dependent protein kinases ( CaMK ) IV, CREB, Tmem64, Ca(2 + ) Options: GENE-N, GENE-Y, CHEMICAL

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Tmem64 modulates calcium signaling during RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation. Osteoclast maturation and function primarily depend on receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-mediated induction of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1), which is further activated via increased intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) oscillation. However, the coordination mechanism that mediates Ca(2+) oscillation during osteoclastogenesis remains ill defined. Here, we identified transmembrane protein 64 (Tmem64) as a regulator of Ca(2+) oscillation during osteoclastogenesis. We found that Tmem64-deficient mice exhibit increased bone mass due in part to impaired osteoclast formation. Using in vitro osteoclast culture systems, we show here that Tmem64 interacts with sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase 2 (SERCA2) and modulates its activity. Consequently, Tmem64 deficiency significantly diminishes RANKL-induced [Ca(2+)](i) oscillation, which results in reduced Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMK) IV and mitochondrial ROS, both of which contribute to achieving the CREB activity necessary for osteoclast formation. These data demonstrate that Tmem64 is a positive modulator of osteoclast differentiation via SERCA2-dependent Ca(2+) signaling.

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[ "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL", "GENE-N" ]

Tmem64, calcium, RANKL, receptor activator of NF - κB ligand, nuclear factor of activated T cells c1, NFATc1, calcium, Ca(2 + ), transmembrane protein 64, Tmem64, Ca(2 + ), Ca(2 + ), Tmem64, RANKL, Ca(2+)/calmodulin - dependent protein kinases ( CaMK ) IV, CREB, Tmem64, Ca(2 + )

24789_task2

Sentence: Tmem64 modulates calcium signaling during RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation. Osteoclast maturation and function primarily depend on receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-mediated induction of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1), which is further activated via increased intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) oscillation. However, the coordination mechanism that mediates Ca(2+) oscillation during osteoclastogenesis remains ill defined. Here, we identified transmembrane protein 64 (Tmem64) as a regulator of Ca(2+) oscillation during osteoclastogenesis. We found that Tmem64-deficient mice exhibit increased bone mass due in part to impaired osteoclast formation. Using in vitro osteoclast culture systems, we show here that Tmem64 interacts with sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase 2 (SERCA2) and modulates its activity. Consequently, Tmem64 deficiency significantly diminishes RANKL-induced [Ca(2+)](i) oscillation, which results in reduced Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMK) IV and mitochondrial ROS, both of which contribute to achieving the CREB activity necessary for osteoclast formation. These data demonstrate that Tmem64 is a positive modulator of osteoclast differentiation via SERCA2-dependent Ca(2+) signaling. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Tmem64 modulates calcium signaling during RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation. Osteoclast maturation and function primarily depend on receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-mediated induction of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1), which is further activated via increased intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) oscillation. However, the coordination mechanism that mediates Ca(2+) oscillation during osteoclastogenesis remains ill defined. Here, we identified transmembrane protein 64 (Tmem64) as a regulator of Ca(2+) oscillation during osteoclastogenesis. We found that Tmem64-deficient mice exhibit increased bone mass due in part to impaired osteoclast formation. Using in vitro osteoclast culture systems, we show here that Tmem64 interacts with sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase 2 (SERCA2) and modulates its activity. Consequently, Tmem64 deficiency significantly diminishes RANKL-induced [Ca(2+)](i) oscillation, which results in reduced Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMK) IV and mitochondrial ROS, both of which contribute to achieving the CREB activity necessary for osteoclast formation. These data demonstrate that Tmem64 is a positive modulator of osteoclast differentiation via SERCA2-dependent Ca(2+) signaling.

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[ "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL", "GENE-N" ]

tumour is a DISEASE, tumours is a DISEASE, haemotoxicity is a ADVERSE

example-216_task0

Sentence: A comparison of two orally bioavailable anti-cancer agents, IRC-110160 and STX140. This study characterises two recently developed anticancer agents in vitro and in vivo, 2-methoxyoestra-1,3,5(10), 16-tetraene-3-carboxamide (IRC-110160) and STX140. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hormone-dependent (MCF-7), hormone-independent (MDA-MB-231) and P-glycoprotein overexpressing (MCF-7Dox) cells were used for proliferation experiments. For the tumour efficacy studies, female nude mice were inoculated with MDA-MB-231 cells. RESULTS: IRC-110160 is a potent inhibitor of both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation. Furthermore, the potency of IRC-110160 was unaffected by the over-expression of the P-glycoprotein drug efflux pump. IRC-110160 and 2-methoxyoestradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulfamate (STX140) induced apoptosis in a similar timeframe in the MDA-MB-231 cell line, but only STX140 caused G2/M arrest in these cells. In the MDA-MB-231 xenograft model 300 mg/kg p.o. (daily) of IRC-110160 and 20 mg/kg p.o. STX140 (daily) both completely inhibited tumour growth; however some toxicity was observed with IRC-110160. After 28 days of daily dosing STX140 (20 mg/kg p.o.) had minimal effect on the white blood population of mice with tumours. The masking of STX140 from white blood cells may be due to its interaction with carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) in the red blood cells. In contrast to STX140, IRC-110160 does not inhibit CAII. These studies highlight the activity of two orally bioavailable anti-cancer agents one of which, STX140, may offer a significant clinical advantage over existing drugs as a common dose limiting factor, haemotoxicity, may be minimised. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: ADVERSE, DISEASE

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A comparison of two orally bioavailable anti-cancer agents, IRC-110160 and STX140. This study characterises two recently developed anticancer agents in vitro and in vivo, 2-methoxyoestra-1,3,5(10), 16-tetraene-3-carboxamide (IRC-110160) and STX140. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hormone-dependent (MCF-7), hormone-independent (MDA-MB-231) and P-glycoprotein overexpressing (MCF-7Dox) cells were used for proliferation experiments. For the tumour efficacy studies, female nude mice were inoculated with MDA-MB-231 cells. RESULTS: IRC-110160 is a potent inhibitor of both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation. Furthermore, the potency of IRC-110160 was unaffected by the over-expression of the P-glycoprotein drug efflux pump. IRC-110160 and 2-methoxyoestradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulfamate (STX140) induced apoptosis in a similar timeframe in the MDA-MB-231 cell line, but only STX140 caused G2/M arrest in these cells. In the MDA-MB-231 xenograft model 300 mg/kg p.o. (daily) of IRC-110160 and 20 mg/kg p.o. STX140 (daily) both completely inhibited tumour growth; however some toxicity was observed with IRC-110160. After 28 days of daily dosing STX140 (20 mg/kg p.o.) had minimal effect on the white blood population of mice with tumours. The masking of STX140 from white blood cells may be due to its interaction with carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) in the red blood cells. In contrast to STX140, IRC-110160 does not inhibit CAII. These studies highlight the activity of two orally bioavailable anti-cancer agents one of which, STX140, may offer a significant clinical advantage over existing drugs as a common dose limiting factor, haemotoxicity, may be minimised.

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[ "ADVERSE", "DISEASE" ]

tumour is a DISEASE, tumours is a DISEASE, haemotoxicity is a ADVERSE

example-216_task1

Sentence: A comparison of two orally bioavailable anti-cancer agents, IRC-110160 and STX140. This study characterises two recently developed anticancer agents in vitro and in vivo, 2-methoxyoestra-1,3,5(10), 16-tetraene-3-carboxamide (IRC-110160) and STX140. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hormone-dependent (MCF-7), hormone-independent (MDA-MB-231) and P-glycoprotein overexpressing (MCF-7Dox) cells were used for proliferation experiments. For the tumour efficacy studies, female nude mice were inoculated with MDA-MB-231 cells. RESULTS: IRC-110160 is a potent inhibitor of both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation. Furthermore, the potency of IRC-110160 was unaffected by the over-expression of the P-glycoprotein drug efflux pump. IRC-110160 and 2-methoxyoestradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulfamate (STX140) induced apoptosis in a similar timeframe in the MDA-MB-231 cell line, but only STX140 caused G2/M arrest in these cells. In the MDA-MB-231 xenograft model 300 mg/kg p.o. (daily) of IRC-110160 and 20 mg/kg p.o. STX140 (daily) both completely inhibited tumour growth; however some toxicity was observed with IRC-110160. After 28 days of daily dosing STX140 (20 mg/kg p.o.) had minimal effect on the white blood population of mice with tumours. The masking of STX140 from white blood cells may be due to its interaction with carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) in the red blood cells. In contrast to STX140, IRC-110160 does not inhibit CAII. These studies highlight the activity of two orally bioavailable anti-cancer agents one of which, STX140, may offer a significant clinical advantage over existing drugs as a common dose limiting factor, haemotoxicity, may be minimised. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: tumour, tumours, haemotoxicity Options: ADVERSE, DISEASE

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A comparison of two orally bioavailable anti-cancer agents, IRC-110160 and STX140. This study characterises two recently developed anticancer agents in vitro and in vivo, 2-methoxyoestra-1,3,5(10), 16-tetraene-3-carboxamide (IRC-110160) and STX140. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hormone-dependent (MCF-7), hormone-independent (MDA-MB-231) and P-glycoprotein overexpressing (MCF-7Dox) cells were used for proliferation experiments. For the tumour efficacy studies, female nude mice were inoculated with MDA-MB-231 cells. RESULTS: IRC-110160 is a potent inhibitor of both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation. Furthermore, the potency of IRC-110160 was unaffected by the over-expression of the P-glycoprotein drug efflux pump. IRC-110160 and 2-methoxyoestradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulfamate (STX140) induced apoptosis in a similar timeframe in the MDA-MB-231 cell line, but only STX140 caused G2/M arrest in these cells. In the MDA-MB-231 xenograft model 300 mg/kg p.o. (daily) of IRC-110160 and 20 mg/kg p.o. STX140 (daily) both completely inhibited tumour growth; however some toxicity was observed with IRC-110160. After 28 days of daily dosing STX140 (20 mg/kg p.o.) had minimal effect on the white blood population of mice with tumours. The masking of STX140 from white blood cells may be due to its interaction with carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) in the red blood cells. In contrast to STX140, IRC-110160 does not inhibit CAII. These studies highlight the activity of two orally bioavailable anti-cancer agents one of which, STX140, may offer a significant clinical advantage over existing drugs as a common dose limiting factor, haemotoxicity, may be minimised.

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[ "ADVERSE", "DISEASE" ]

tumour, tumours, haemotoxicity

example-216_task2

Sentence: A comparison of two orally bioavailable anti-cancer agents, IRC-110160 and STX140. This study characterises two recently developed anticancer agents in vitro and in vivo, 2-methoxyoestra-1,3,5(10), 16-tetraene-3-carboxamide (IRC-110160) and STX140. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hormone-dependent (MCF-7), hormone-independent (MDA-MB-231) and P-glycoprotein overexpressing (MCF-7Dox) cells were used for proliferation experiments. For the tumour efficacy studies, female nude mice were inoculated with MDA-MB-231 cells. RESULTS: IRC-110160 is a potent inhibitor of both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation. Furthermore, the potency of IRC-110160 was unaffected by the over-expression of the P-glycoprotein drug efflux pump. IRC-110160 and 2-methoxyoestradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulfamate (STX140) induced apoptosis in a similar timeframe in the MDA-MB-231 cell line, but only STX140 caused G2/M arrest in these cells. In the MDA-MB-231 xenograft model 300 mg/kg p.o. (daily) of IRC-110160 and 20 mg/kg p.o. STX140 (daily) both completely inhibited tumour growth; however some toxicity was observed with IRC-110160. After 28 days of daily dosing STX140 (20 mg/kg p.o.) had minimal effect on the white blood population of mice with tumours. The masking of STX140 from white blood cells may be due to its interaction with carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) in the red blood cells. In contrast to STX140, IRC-110160 does not inhibit CAII. These studies highlight the activity of two orally bioavailable anti-cancer agents one of which, STX140, may offer a significant clinical advantage over existing drugs as a common dose limiting factor, haemotoxicity, may be minimised. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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A comparison of two orally bioavailable anti-cancer agents, IRC-110160 and STX140. This study characterises two recently developed anticancer agents in vitro and in vivo, 2-methoxyoestra-1,3,5(10), 16-tetraene-3-carboxamide (IRC-110160) and STX140. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hormone-dependent (MCF-7), hormone-independent (MDA-MB-231) and P-glycoprotein overexpressing (MCF-7Dox) cells were used for proliferation experiments. For the tumour efficacy studies, female nude mice were inoculated with MDA-MB-231 cells. RESULTS: IRC-110160 is a potent inhibitor of both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation. Furthermore, the potency of IRC-110160 was unaffected by the over-expression of the P-glycoprotein drug efflux pump. IRC-110160 and 2-methoxyoestradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulfamate (STX140) induced apoptosis in a similar timeframe in the MDA-MB-231 cell line, but only STX140 caused G2/M arrest in these cells. In the MDA-MB-231 xenograft model 300 mg/kg p.o. (daily) of IRC-110160 and 20 mg/kg p.o. STX140 (daily) both completely inhibited tumour growth; however some toxicity was observed with IRC-110160. After 28 days of daily dosing STX140 (20 mg/kg p.o.) had minimal effect on the white blood population of mice with tumours. The masking of STX140 from white blood cells may be due to its interaction with carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) in the red blood cells. In contrast to STX140, IRC-110160 does not inhibit CAII. These studies highlight the activity of two orally bioavailable anti-cancer agents one of which, STX140, may offer a significant clinical advantage over existing drugs as a common dose limiting factor, haemotoxicity, may be minimised.

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[ "ADVERSE", "DISEASE" ]

Hinterwandinfarktes is an umlsterm, Koronarangiographie is an umlsterm, Dissektion is an umlsterm, Koronararterie is an umlsterm, Stents is an umlsterm, Diagnostik is an umlsterm, Echokardiographie is an umlsterm, Aortenaneurysma is an umlsterm, Aortenklappe is an umlsterm, Arcus aortae is an umlsterm, Aortenklappe is an umlsterm, Aortenklappe is an umlsterm, Aortenaneurysma is an umlsterm, Koronararterien is an umlsterm, Hinterwandinfarkt is an umlsterm

IntensiveMedizin.90360304.ger.abstr_task0

Sentence: Eine 57jaehrige Patientin wurde mit den klinischen Zeichen eines akuten Hinterwandinfarktes stationaer aufgenommen . In der Koronarangiographie zeigte sich eine Dissektion der rechten Koronararterie . Diese konnte durch Implantation zweier Stents erfolgreich rekanalisiert werden . Im Rahmen der weiteren Diagnostik zeigte sich in der transoesophagealen Echokardiographie ein dissezierendes Aortenaneurysma , unmittelbar an der Aortenklappe beginnend ( Stanford Typ A ) und bis in den Arcus aortae reichend . Das falsche " Lumen " war proximal bereits vollstaendig thrombosiert , nur im distalen Abschnitt konnte noch geringer Fluss nachgewiesen werden . Die Aortenklappe war bikuspide angelegt . Ein Zusammenhang zwischen bikuspider Aortenklappe , Aortenaneurysma und Auftreten einer Aortendissektion ist seit langem bekannt , jedoch ist das Uebergreifen einer Aortendissektion auf die Koronararterien mit einem in Folge auftretenden akuten Hinterwandinfarkt ein seltenes Ereignis . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

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Eine 57jaehrige Patientin wurde mit den klinischen Zeichen eines akuten Hinterwandinfarktes stationaer aufgenommen . In der Koronarangiographie zeigte sich eine Dissektion der rechten Koronararterie . Diese konnte durch Implantation zweier Stents erfolgreich rekanalisiert werden . Im Rahmen der weiteren Diagnostik zeigte sich in der transoesophagealen Echokardiographie ein dissezierendes Aortenaneurysma , unmittelbar an der Aortenklappe beginnend ( Stanford Typ A ) und bis in den Arcus aortae reichend . Das falsche " Lumen " war proximal bereits vollstaendig thrombosiert , nur im distalen Abschnitt konnte noch geringer Fluss nachgewiesen werden . Die Aortenklappe war bikuspide angelegt . Ein Zusammenhang zwischen bikuspider Aortenklappe , Aortenaneurysma und Auftreten einer Aortendissektion ist seit langem bekannt , jedoch ist das Uebergreifen einer Aortendissektion auf die Koronararterien mit einem in Folge auftretenden akuten Hinterwandinfarkt ein seltenes Ereignis .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Hinterwandinfarktes is an umlsterm, Koronarangiographie is an umlsterm, Dissektion is an umlsterm, Koronararterie is an umlsterm, Stents is an umlsterm, Diagnostik is an umlsterm, Echokardiographie is an umlsterm, Aortenaneurysma is an umlsterm, Aortenklappe is an umlsterm, Arcus aortae is an umlsterm, Aortenklappe is an umlsterm, Aortenklappe is an umlsterm, Aortenaneurysma is an umlsterm, Koronararterien is an umlsterm, Hinterwandinfarkt is an umlsterm

IntensiveMedizin.90360304.ger.abstr_task1

Sentence: Eine 57jaehrige Patientin wurde mit den klinischen Zeichen eines akuten Hinterwandinfarktes stationaer aufgenommen . In der Koronarangiographie zeigte sich eine Dissektion der rechten Koronararterie . Diese konnte durch Implantation zweier Stents erfolgreich rekanalisiert werden . Im Rahmen der weiteren Diagnostik zeigte sich in der transoesophagealen Echokardiographie ein dissezierendes Aortenaneurysma , unmittelbar an der Aortenklappe beginnend ( Stanford Typ A ) und bis in den Arcus aortae reichend . Das falsche " Lumen " war proximal bereits vollstaendig thrombosiert , nur im distalen Abschnitt konnte noch geringer Fluss nachgewiesen werden . Die Aortenklappe war bikuspide angelegt . Ein Zusammenhang zwischen bikuspider Aortenklappe , Aortenaneurysma und Auftreten einer Aortendissektion ist seit langem bekannt , jedoch ist das Uebergreifen einer Aortendissektion auf die Koronararterien mit einem in Folge auftretenden akuten Hinterwandinfarkt ein seltenes Ereignis . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Hinterwandinfarktes, Koronarangiographie, Dissektion, Koronararterie, Stents, Diagnostik, Echokardiographie, Aortenaneurysma, Aortenklappe, Arcus aortae, Aortenklappe, Aortenklappe, Aortenaneurysma, Koronararterien, Hinterwandinfarkt Options: umlsterm

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Eine 57jaehrige Patientin wurde mit den klinischen Zeichen eines akuten Hinterwandinfarktes stationaer aufgenommen . In der Koronarangiographie zeigte sich eine Dissektion der rechten Koronararterie . Diese konnte durch Implantation zweier Stents erfolgreich rekanalisiert werden . Im Rahmen der weiteren Diagnostik zeigte sich in der transoesophagealen Echokardiographie ein dissezierendes Aortenaneurysma , unmittelbar an der Aortenklappe beginnend ( Stanford Typ A ) und bis in den Arcus aortae reichend . Das falsche " Lumen " war proximal bereits vollstaendig thrombosiert , nur im distalen Abschnitt konnte noch geringer Fluss nachgewiesen werden . Die Aortenklappe war bikuspide angelegt . Ein Zusammenhang zwischen bikuspider Aortenklappe , Aortenaneurysma und Auftreten einer Aortendissektion ist seit langem bekannt , jedoch ist das Uebergreifen einer Aortendissektion auf die Koronararterien mit einem in Folge auftretenden akuten Hinterwandinfarkt ein seltenes Ereignis .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Hinterwandinfarktes, Koronarangiographie, Dissektion, Koronararterie, Stents, Diagnostik, Echokardiographie, Aortenaneurysma, Aortenklappe, Arcus aortae, Aortenklappe, Aortenklappe, Aortenaneurysma, Koronararterien, Hinterwandinfarkt

IntensiveMedizin.90360304.ger.abstr_task2

Sentence: Eine 57jaehrige Patientin wurde mit den klinischen Zeichen eines akuten Hinterwandinfarktes stationaer aufgenommen . In der Koronarangiographie zeigte sich eine Dissektion der rechten Koronararterie . Diese konnte durch Implantation zweier Stents erfolgreich rekanalisiert werden . Im Rahmen der weiteren Diagnostik zeigte sich in der transoesophagealen Echokardiographie ein dissezierendes Aortenaneurysma , unmittelbar an der Aortenklappe beginnend ( Stanford Typ A ) und bis in den Arcus aortae reichend . Das falsche " Lumen " war proximal bereits vollstaendig thrombosiert , nur im distalen Abschnitt konnte noch geringer Fluss nachgewiesen werden . Die Aortenklappe war bikuspide angelegt . Ein Zusammenhang zwischen bikuspider Aortenklappe , Aortenaneurysma und Auftreten einer Aortendissektion ist seit langem bekannt , jedoch ist das Uebergreifen einer Aortendissektion auf die Koronararterien mit einem in Folge auftretenden akuten Hinterwandinfarkt ein seltenes Ereignis . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Eine 57jaehrige Patientin wurde mit den klinischen Zeichen eines akuten Hinterwandinfarktes stationaer aufgenommen . In der Koronarangiographie zeigte sich eine Dissektion der rechten Koronararterie . Diese konnte durch Implantation zweier Stents erfolgreich rekanalisiert werden . Im Rahmen der weiteren Diagnostik zeigte sich in der transoesophagealen Echokardiographie ein dissezierendes Aortenaneurysma , unmittelbar an der Aortenklappe beginnend ( Stanford Typ A ) und bis in den Arcus aortae reichend . Das falsche " Lumen " war proximal bereits vollstaendig thrombosiert , nur im distalen Abschnitt konnte noch geringer Fluss nachgewiesen werden . Die Aortenklappe war bikuspide angelegt . Ein Zusammenhang zwischen bikuspider Aortenklappe , Aortenaneurysma und Auftreten einer Aortendissektion ist seit langem bekannt , jedoch ist das Uebergreifen einer Aortendissektion auf die Koronararterien mit einem in Folge auftretenden akuten Hinterwandinfarkt ein seltenes Ereignis .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Male is a Person, between 18 and 40 years is a Value, old is a Person

NCT03249311_inc_task0

Sentence: Male participants between 18 and 40 years-old Written informed consent signed by the participant Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Person, Value

[ "B-Person", "O", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "O", "B-Person", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Male participants between 18 and 40 years-old Written informed consent signed by the participant

[ "Male", "participants", "between", "18", "and", "40", "years", "-", "old", "\n", "Written", "informed", "consent", "signed", "by", "the", "participant", "\n" ]

[ "Value", "Person" ]

Male is a Person, between 18 and 40 years is a Value, old is a Person

NCT03249311_inc_task1

Sentence: Male participants between 18 and 40 years-old Written informed consent signed by the participant Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Male, between 18 and 40 years, old Options: Person, Value

[ "B-Person", "O", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "O", "B-Person", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Male participants between 18 and 40 years-old Written informed consent signed by the participant

[ "Male", "participants", "between", "18", "and", "40", "years", "-", "old", "\n", "Written", "informed", "consent", "signed", "by", "the", "participant", "\n" ]

[ "Value", "Person" ]

Male, between 18 and 40 years, old

NCT03249311_inc_task2

Sentence: Male participants between 18 and 40 years-old Written informed consent signed by the participant Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "B-Person", "O", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "O", "B-Person", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Male participants between 18 and 40 years-old Written informed consent signed by the participant

[ "Male", "participants", "between", "18", "and", "40", "years", "-", "old", "\n", "Written", "informed", "consent", "signed", "by", "the", "participant", "\n" ]

[ "Value", "Person" ]

hyaluronan - binding protein is a GENE-N, PHBP is a GENE-Y, serine protease domain is a GENE-N

8827452_task0

Sentence: Purification and characterization of a novel hyaluronan-binding protein (PHBP) from human plasma: it has three EGF, a kringle and a serine protease domain, similar to hepatocyte growth factor activator. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: GENE-Y, GENE-N

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Purification and characterization of a novel hyaluronan-binding protein (PHBP) from human plasma: it has three EGF, a kringle and a serine protease domain, similar to hepatocyte growth factor activator.

[ "Purification", "and", "characterization", "of", "a", "novel", "hyaluronan", "-", "binding", "protein", "(", "PHBP", ")", "from", "human", "plasma", ":", "it", "has", "three", "EGF", ",", "a", "kringle", "and", "a", "serine", "protease", "domain", ",", "similar", "to", "hepatocyte", "growth", "factor", "activator", "." ]

[ "GENE-N", "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL" ]

hyaluronan - binding protein is a GENE-N, PHBP is a GENE-Y, serine protease domain is a GENE-N

8827452_task1

Sentence: Purification and characterization of a novel hyaluronan-binding protein (PHBP) from human plasma: it has three EGF, a kringle and a serine protease domain, similar to hepatocyte growth factor activator. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: hyaluronan - binding protein, PHBP, serine protease domain Options: GENE-Y, GENE-N

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Purification and characterization of a novel hyaluronan-binding protein (PHBP) from human plasma: it has three EGF, a kringle and a serine protease domain, similar to hepatocyte growth factor activator.

[ "Purification", "and", "characterization", "of", "a", "novel", "hyaluronan", "-", "binding", "protein", "(", "PHBP", ")", "from", "human", "plasma", ":", "it", "has", "three", "EGF", ",", "a", "kringle", "and", "a", "serine", "protease", "domain", ",", "similar", "to", "hepatocyte", "growth", "factor", "activator", "." ]

[ "GENE-N", "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL" ]

hyaluronan - binding protein, PHBP, serine protease domain

8827452_task2

Sentence: Purification and characterization of a novel hyaluronan-binding protein (PHBP) from human plasma: it has three EGF, a kringle and a serine protease domain, similar to hepatocyte growth factor activator. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Purification and characterization of a novel hyaluronan-binding protein (PHBP) from human plasma: it has three EGF, a kringle and a serine protease domain, similar to hepatocyte growth factor activator.

[ "Purification", "and", "characterization", "of", "a", "novel", "hyaluronan", "-", "binding", "protein", "(", "PHBP", ")", "from", "human", "plasma", ":", "it", "has", "three", "EGF", ",", "a", "kringle", "and", "a", "serine", "protease", "domain", ",", "similar", "to", "hepatocyte", "growth", "factor", "activator", "." ]

[ "GENE-N", "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL" ]

Panikstoerungen is an umlsterm, Panikstoerungen is an umlsterm, Psychosen is an umlsterm, Panikstoerung is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Agoraphobie is an umlsterm, Panikstoerung is an umlsterm, Schizophrenie is an umlsterm, Panikstoerung is an umlsterm, Therapiekonzept is an umlsterm, Pharmakotherapie is an umlsterm, Imipramin is an umlsterm, kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie is an umlsterm, Panikstoerung is an umlsterm, Psychose is an umlsterm, Panikstoerung is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Aufmerksamkeit is an umlsterm, Pharmakotherapie is an umlsterm, Psychotherapie is an umlsterm

DerNervenarzt.90700265.ger.abstr_task0

Sentence: Im Gegensatz zu der gut bekannten Koinzidenz von Panikstoerungen mit depressiven Erkrankungen gibt es nur wenige Berichte ueber die Koinzidenz von Panikstoerungen und schizophrenen Psychosen . Dies liegt z.T. daran , dass die Symptomatik der Panikstoerung sowohl durch die Positiv- als auch durch die Negativsymptomatik bei schizophrenen Patienten maskiert werden kann . Wir berichten ueber den Krankheitsverlauf einer Patientin , die sowohl die ICD-10-Kriterien einer Agoraphobie mit Panikstoerung als auch die einer paranoid-halluzinatorischen Schizophrenie erfuellte . Die psychotische Symptomatik konnte durch die Gabe von Zotepin in niedriger Dosierung erfolgreich behandelt werden , waehrend die Panikstoerung gut auf ein multimodales Therapiekonzept bestehend aus einer Pharmakotherapie mit Imipramin sowie einer kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie ansprach . Wenn auch offenbleiben muss , ob es sich bei der Koinzidenz von Panikstoerung und schizophrener Psychose tatsaechlich um zwei unterschiedliche Krankheitsbilder handelt , sollte jedoch dem Auftreten von Symptomen der Panikstoerung bei schizophrenen Patienten vermehrt Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt werden , da diese moeglicherweise , wie in dem vorliegenden Fall , durch eine spezifische Pharmakotherapie und Psychotherapie gebessert werden koennen . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Im Gegensatz zu der gut bekannten Koinzidenz von Panikstoerungen mit depressiven Erkrankungen gibt es nur wenige Berichte ueber die Koinzidenz von Panikstoerungen und schizophrenen Psychosen . Dies liegt z.T. daran , dass die Symptomatik der Panikstoerung sowohl durch die Positiv- als auch durch die Negativsymptomatik bei schizophrenen Patienten maskiert werden kann . Wir berichten ueber den Krankheitsverlauf einer Patientin , die sowohl die ICD-10-Kriterien einer Agoraphobie mit Panikstoerung als auch die einer paranoid-halluzinatorischen Schizophrenie erfuellte . Die psychotische Symptomatik konnte durch die Gabe von Zotepin in niedriger Dosierung erfolgreich behandelt werden , waehrend die Panikstoerung gut auf ein multimodales Therapiekonzept bestehend aus einer Pharmakotherapie mit Imipramin sowie einer kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie ansprach . Wenn auch offenbleiben muss , ob es sich bei der Koinzidenz von Panikstoerung und schizophrener Psychose tatsaechlich um zwei unterschiedliche Krankheitsbilder handelt , sollte jedoch dem Auftreten von Symptomen der Panikstoerung bei schizophrenen Patienten vermehrt Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt werden , da diese moeglicherweise , wie in dem vorliegenden Fall , durch eine spezifische Pharmakotherapie und Psychotherapie gebessert werden koennen .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Panikstoerungen is an umlsterm, Panikstoerungen is an umlsterm, Psychosen is an umlsterm, Panikstoerung is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Agoraphobie is an umlsterm, Panikstoerung is an umlsterm, Schizophrenie is an umlsterm, Panikstoerung is an umlsterm, Therapiekonzept is an umlsterm, Pharmakotherapie is an umlsterm, Imipramin is an umlsterm, kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie is an umlsterm, Panikstoerung is an umlsterm, Psychose is an umlsterm, Panikstoerung is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Aufmerksamkeit is an umlsterm, Pharmakotherapie is an umlsterm, Psychotherapie is an umlsterm

DerNervenarzt.90700265.ger.abstr_task1

Sentence: Im Gegensatz zu der gut bekannten Koinzidenz von Panikstoerungen mit depressiven Erkrankungen gibt es nur wenige Berichte ueber die Koinzidenz von Panikstoerungen und schizophrenen Psychosen . Dies liegt z.T. daran , dass die Symptomatik der Panikstoerung sowohl durch die Positiv- als auch durch die Negativsymptomatik bei schizophrenen Patienten maskiert werden kann . Wir berichten ueber den Krankheitsverlauf einer Patientin , die sowohl die ICD-10-Kriterien einer Agoraphobie mit Panikstoerung als auch die einer paranoid-halluzinatorischen Schizophrenie erfuellte . Die psychotische Symptomatik konnte durch die Gabe von Zotepin in niedriger Dosierung erfolgreich behandelt werden , waehrend die Panikstoerung gut auf ein multimodales Therapiekonzept bestehend aus einer Pharmakotherapie mit Imipramin sowie einer kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie ansprach . Wenn auch offenbleiben muss , ob es sich bei der Koinzidenz von Panikstoerung und schizophrener Psychose tatsaechlich um zwei unterschiedliche Krankheitsbilder handelt , sollte jedoch dem Auftreten von Symptomen der Panikstoerung bei schizophrenen Patienten vermehrt Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt werden , da diese moeglicherweise , wie in dem vorliegenden Fall , durch eine spezifische Pharmakotherapie und Psychotherapie gebessert werden koennen . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Panikstoerungen, Panikstoerungen, Psychosen, Panikstoerung, Patienten, Agoraphobie, Panikstoerung, Schizophrenie, Panikstoerung, Therapiekonzept, Pharmakotherapie, Imipramin, kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie, Panikstoerung, Psychose, Panikstoerung, Patienten, Aufmerksamkeit, Pharmakotherapie, Psychotherapie Options: umlsterm

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Im Gegensatz zu der gut bekannten Koinzidenz von Panikstoerungen mit depressiven Erkrankungen gibt es nur wenige Berichte ueber die Koinzidenz von Panikstoerungen und schizophrenen Psychosen . Dies liegt z.T. daran , dass die Symptomatik der Panikstoerung sowohl durch die Positiv- als auch durch die Negativsymptomatik bei schizophrenen Patienten maskiert werden kann . Wir berichten ueber den Krankheitsverlauf einer Patientin , die sowohl die ICD-10-Kriterien einer Agoraphobie mit Panikstoerung als auch die einer paranoid-halluzinatorischen Schizophrenie erfuellte . Die psychotische Symptomatik konnte durch die Gabe von Zotepin in niedriger Dosierung erfolgreich behandelt werden , waehrend die Panikstoerung gut auf ein multimodales Therapiekonzept bestehend aus einer Pharmakotherapie mit Imipramin sowie einer kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie ansprach . Wenn auch offenbleiben muss , ob es sich bei der Koinzidenz von Panikstoerung und schizophrener Psychose tatsaechlich um zwei unterschiedliche Krankheitsbilder handelt , sollte jedoch dem Auftreten von Symptomen der Panikstoerung bei schizophrenen Patienten vermehrt Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt werden , da diese moeglicherweise , wie in dem vorliegenden Fall , durch eine spezifische Pharmakotherapie und Psychotherapie gebessert werden koennen .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Panikstoerungen, Panikstoerungen, Psychosen, Panikstoerung, Patienten, Agoraphobie, Panikstoerung, Schizophrenie, Panikstoerung, Therapiekonzept, Pharmakotherapie, Imipramin, kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie, Panikstoerung, Psychose, Panikstoerung, Patienten, Aufmerksamkeit, Pharmakotherapie, Psychotherapie

DerNervenarzt.90700265.ger.abstr_task2

Sentence: Im Gegensatz zu der gut bekannten Koinzidenz von Panikstoerungen mit depressiven Erkrankungen gibt es nur wenige Berichte ueber die Koinzidenz von Panikstoerungen und schizophrenen Psychosen . Dies liegt z.T. daran , dass die Symptomatik der Panikstoerung sowohl durch die Positiv- als auch durch die Negativsymptomatik bei schizophrenen Patienten maskiert werden kann . Wir berichten ueber den Krankheitsverlauf einer Patientin , die sowohl die ICD-10-Kriterien einer Agoraphobie mit Panikstoerung als auch die einer paranoid-halluzinatorischen Schizophrenie erfuellte . Die psychotische Symptomatik konnte durch die Gabe von Zotepin in niedriger Dosierung erfolgreich behandelt werden , waehrend die Panikstoerung gut auf ein multimodales Therapiekonzept bestehend aus einer Pharmakotherapie mit Imipramin sowie einer kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie ansprach . Wenn auch offenbleiben muss , ob es sich bei der Koinzidenz von Panikstoerung und schizophrener Psychose tatsaechlich um zwei unterschiedliche Krankheitsbilder handelt , sollte jedoch dem Auftreten von Symptomen der Panikstoerung bei schizophrenen Patienten vermehrt Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt werden , da diese moeglicherweise , wie in dem vorliegenden Fall , durch eine spezifische Pharmakotherapie und Psychotherapie gebessert werden koennen . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Im Gegensatz zu der gut bekannten Koinzidenz von Panikstoerungen mit depressiven Erkrankungen gibt es nur wenige Berichte ueber die Koinzidenz von Panikstoerungen und schizophrenen Psychosen . Dies liegt z.T. daran , dass die Symptomatik der Panikstoerung sowohl durch die Positiv- als auch durch die Negativsymptomatik bei schizophrenen Patienten maskiert werden kann . Wir berichten ueber den Krankheitsverlauf einer Patientin , die sowohl die ICD-10-Kriterien einer Agoraphobie mit Panikstoerung als auch die einer paranoid-halluzinatorischen Schizophrenie erfuellte . Die psychotische Symptomatik konnte durch die Gabe von Zotepin in niedriger Dosierung erfolgreich behandelt werden , waehrend die Panikstoerung gut auf ein multimodales Therapiekonzept bestehend aus einer Pharmakotherapie mit Imipramin sowie einer kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie ansprach . Wenn auch offenbleiben muss , ob es sich bei der Koinzidenz von Panikstoerung und schizophrener Psychose tatsaechlich um zwei unterschiedliche Krankheitsbilder handelt , sollte jedoch dem Auftreten von Symptomen der Panikstoerung bei schizophrenen Patienten vermehrt Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt werden , da diese moeglicherweise , wie in dem vorliegenden Fall , durch eine spezifische Pharmakotherapie und Psychotherapie gebessert werden koennen .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Objective is an umlsterm, aim is an umlsterm, clonidine is an umlsterm, ropivacaine is an umlsterm, epidural analgesia is an umlsterm, orthopedic surgery is an umlsterm, lower limbs is an umlsterm, side effects is an umlsterm

DerAnaesthesist.80470565.eng.abstr_task0

Sentence: Objective : The aim of this study was to in- vestigate preliminarydose-range effects of clonidine added to ropivacaine for epidural analgesia in elective orthopedic surgery of the lower limbs with doses , causing a minimum of cardiovascular side effects . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

[ "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O" ]

Objective : The aim of this study was to in- vestigate preliminarydose-range effects of clonidine added to ropivacaine for epidural analgesia in elective orthopedic surgery of the lower limbs with doses , causing a minimum of cardiovascular side effects .

[ "Objective", ":", "The", "aim", "of", "this", "study", "was", "to", "in-", "vestigate", "preliminarydose", "-", "range", "effects", "of", "clonidine", "added", "to", "ropivacaine", "for", "epidural", "analgesia", "in", "elective", "orthopedic", "surgery", "of", "the", "lower", "limbs", "with", "doses", ",", "causing", "a", "minimum", "of", "cardiovascular", "side", "effects", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

Objective is an umlsterm, aim is an umlsterm, clonidine is an umlsterm, ropivacaine is an umlsterm, epidural analgesia is an umlsterm, orthopedic surgery is an umlsterm, lower limbs is an umlsterm, side effects is an umlsterm

DerAnaesthesist.80470565.eng.abstr_task1

Sentence: Objective : The aim of this study was to in- vestigate preliminarydose-range effects of clonidine added to ropivacaine for epidural analgesia in elective orthopedic surgery of the lower limbs with doses , causing a minimum of cardiovascular side effects . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Objective, aim, clonidine, ropivacaine, epidural analgesia, orthopedic surgery, lower limbs, side effects Options: umlsterm

[ "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O" ]

Objective : The aim of this study was to in- vestigate preliminarydose-range effects of clonidine added to ropivacaine for epidural analgesia in elective orthopedic surgery of the lower limbs with doses , causing a minimum of cardiovascular side effects .

[ "Objective", ":", "The", "aim", "of", "this", "study", "was", "to", "in-", "vestigate", "preliminarydose", "-", "range", "effects", "of", "clonidine", "added", "to", "ropivacaine", "for", "epidural", "analgesia", "in", "elective", "orthopedic", "surgery", "of", "the", "lower", "limbs", "with", "doses", ",", "causing", "a", "minimum", "of", "cardiovascular", "side", "effects", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

Objective, aim, clonidine, ropivacaine, epidural analgesia, orthopedic surgery, lower limbs, side effects

DerAnaesthesist.80470565.eng.abstr_task2

Sentence: Objective : The aim of this study was to in- vestigate preliminarydose-range effects of clonidine added to ropivacaine for epidural analgesia in elective orthopedic surgery of the lower limbs with doses , causing a minimum of cardiovascular side effects . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Objective : The aim of this study was to in- vestigate preliminarydose-range effects of clonidine added to ropivacaine for epidural analgesia in elective orthopedic surgery of the lower limbs with doses , causing a minimum of cardiovascular side effects .

[ "Objective", ":", "The", "aim", "of", "this", "study", "was", "to", "in-", "vestigate", "preliminarydose", "-", "range", "effects", "of", "clonidine", "added", "to", "ropivacaine", "for", "epidural", "analgesia", "in", "elective", "orthopedic", "surgery", "of", "the", "lower", "limbs", "with", "doses", ",", "causing", "a", "minimum", "of", "cardiovascular", "side", "effects", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

efficacy is a Outcome_Other, safety is a Outcome_Other, cost - effectiveness is a Outcome_Other, hydrotalcite is a Intervention_Pharmacological, esomeprazole is a Intervention_Pharmacological, patients who quit is a Outcome_Other, rate of symptom relief is a Outcome_Physical, improvement of symptom score is a Outcome_Physical, weekly average number of days is a Outcome_Mental, 398 patients were recruited in the initial therapy group , among whom 253 were included in on - demand therapy , with 127 patients in the hydrotalcite group and the remaining 126 in the esomeprazole group . is a Participant_Condition

59492_task0

Sentence: The efficacy , safety and cost-effectiveness of hydrotalcite versus esomeprazole in on-demand therapy of NERD : A multicenter , randomized , open-label study in China . OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate whether hydrotalcite was comparable to esomeprazole , a proton pump inhibitor , in on-demand therapy for non-erosive reflux disease ( NERD ) . METHODS This was a multicenter , randomized , open-label clinical trial with initial and on-demand therapy . Patients who had complete symptom relief in the initial therapy were randomized to either hydrotalcite or esomeprazole in the on-demand therapy . The percentage of patients who quit on-demand therapy in the two groups and the cost-effectiveness of the treatment were evaluated as primary end points . The rate of symptom relief and the improvement of symptom score for initial therapy and the weekly average symptom score and weekly average number of days on treatment for on-demand therapy were evaluated as secondary end points . RESULTS In total , 398 patients were recruited in the initial therapy group , among whom 253 were included in on-demand therapy , with 127 patients in the hydrotalcite group and the remaining 126 in the esomeprazole group . 14 ( 11.0 % ) patients in the hydrotalcite group and six ( 4.8 % ) in the esomeprazole group quit the on-demand therapy due to unsatisfactory symptom control ( P = 0.065 ) . Cost-effectiveness calculated as the ratio of the cost of hydrotalcite to that of esomeprazole ( per person/day ) was 35.3 % in the on-demand therapy . Similar number of patients achieved symptom relief in both groups . CONCLUSION Hydrotalcite is a good option of on-demand therapy for NERD patients due to its cost-effectiveness and speed of action . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Outcome_Other, Outcome_Mental

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The efficacy , safety and cost-effectiveness of hydrotalcite versus esomeprazole in on-demand therapy of NERD : A multicenter , randomized , open-label study in China . OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate whether hydrotalcite was comparable to esomeprazole , a proton pump inhibitor , in on-demand therapy for non-erosive reflux disease ( NERD ) . METHODS This was a multicenter , randomized , open-label clinical trial with initial and on-demand therapy . Patients who had complete symptom relief in the initial therapy were randomized to either hydrotalcite or esomeprazole in the on-demand therapy . The percentage of patients who quit on-demand therapy in the two groups and the cost-effectiveness of the treatment were evaluated as primary end points . The rate of symptom relief and the improvement of symptom score for initial therapy and the weekly average symptom score and weekly average number of days on treatment for on-demand therapy were evaluated as secondary end points . RESULTS In total , 398 patients were recruited in the initial therapy group , among whom 253 were included in on-demand therapy , with 127 patients in the hydrotalcite group and the remaining 126 in the esomeprazole group . 14 ( 11.0 % ) patients in the hydrotalcite group and six ( 4.8 % ) in the esomeprazole group quit the on-demand therapy due to unsatisfactory symptom control ( P = 0.065 ) . Cost-effectiveness calculated as the ratio of the cost of hydrotalcite to that of esomeprazole ( per person/day ) was 35.3 % in the on-demand therapy . Similar number of patients achieved symptom relief in both groups . CONCLUSION Hydrotalcite is a good option of on-demand therapy for NERD patients due to its cost-effectiveness and speed of action .

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[ "Participant_Condition", "Outcome_Mental", "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Pharmacological" ]

efficacy is a Outcome_Other, safety is a Outcome_Other, cost - effectiveness is a Outcome_Other, hydrotalcite is a Intervention_Pharmacological, esomeprazole is a Intervention_Pharmacological, patients who quit is a Outcome_Other, rate of symptom relief is a Outcome_Physical, improvement of symptom score is a Outcome_Physical, weekly average number of days is a Outcome_Mental, 398 patients were recruited in the initial therapy group , among whom 253 were included in on - demand therapy , with 127 patients in the hydrotalcite group and the remaining 126 in the esomeprazole group . is a Participant_Condition

59492_task1

Sentence: The efficacy , safety and cost-effectiveness of hydrotalcite versus esomeprazole in on-demand therapy of NERD : A multicenter , randomized , open-label study in China . OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate whether hydrotalcite was comparable to esomeprazole , a proton pump inhibitor , in on-demand therapy for non-erosive reflux disease ( NERD ) . METHODS This was a multicenter , randomized , open-label clinical trial with initial and on-demand therapy . Patients who had complete symptom relief in the initial therapy were randomized to either hydrotalcite or esomeprazole in the on-demand therapy . The percentage of patients who quit on-demand therapy in the two groups and the cost-effectiveness of the treatment were evaluated as primary end points . The rate of symptom relief and the improvement of symptom score for initial therapy and the weekly average symptom score and weekly average number of days on treatment for on-demand therapy were evaluated as secondary end points . RESULTS In total , 398 patients were recruited in the initial therapy group , among whom 253 were included in on-demand therapy , with 127 patients in the hydrotalcite group and the remaining 126 in the esomeprazole group . 14 ( 11.0 % ) patients in the hydrotalcite group and six ( 4.8 % ) in the esomeprazole group quit the on-demand therapy due to unsatisfactory symptom control ( P = 0.065 ) . Cost-effectiveness calculated as the ratio of the cost of hydrotalcite to that of esomeprazole ( per person/day ) was 35.3 % in the on-demand therapy . Similar number of patients achieved symptom relief in both groups . CONCLUSION Hydrotalcite is a good option of on-demand therapy for NERD patients due to its cost-effectiveness and speed of action . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: efficacy, safety, cost - effectiveness, hydrotalcite, esomeprazole, patients who quit, rate of symptom relief, improvement of symptom score, weekly average number of days, 398 patients were recruited in the initial therapy group , among whom 253 were included in on - demand therapy , with 127 patients in the hydrotalcite group and the remaining 126 in the esomeprazole group . Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Outcome_Other, Outcome_Mental

[ "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

The efficacy , safety and cost-effectiveness of hydrotalcite versus esomeprazole in on-demand therapy of NERD : A multicenter , randomized , open-label study in China . OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate whether hydrotalcite was comparable to esomeprazole , a proton pump inhibitor , in on-demand therapy for non-erosive reflux disease ( NERD ) . METHODS This was a multicenter , randomized , open-label clinical trial with initial and on-demand therapy . Patients who had complete symptom relief in the initial therapy were randomized to either hydrotalcite or esomeprazole in the on-demand therapy . The percentage of patients who quit on-demand therapy in the two groups and the cost-effectiveness of the treatment were evaluated as primary end points . The rate of symptom relief and the improvement of symptom score for initial therapy and the weekly average symptom score and weekly average number of days on treatment for on-demand therapy were evaluated as secondary end points . RESULTS In total , 398 patients were recruited in the initial therapy group , among whom 253 were included in on-demand therapy , with 127 patients in the hydrotalcite group and the remaining 126 in the esomeprazole group . 14 ( 11.0 % ) patients in the hydrotalcite group and six ( 4.8 % ) in the esomeprazole group quit the on-demand therapy due to unsatisfactory symptom control ( P = 0.065 ) . Cost-effectiveness calculated as the ratio of the cost of hydrotalcite to that of esomeprazole ( per person/day ) was 35.3 % in the on-demand therapy . Similar number of patients achieved symptom relief in both groups . CONCLUSION Hydrotalcite is a good option of on-demand therapy for NERD patients due to its cost-effectiveness and speed of action .

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[ "Participant_Condition", "Outcome_Mental", "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Pharmacological" ]

efficacy, safety, cost - effectiveness, hydrotalcite, esomeprazole, patients who quit, rate of symptom relief, improvement of symptom score, weekly average number of days, 398 patients were recruited in the initial therapy group , among whom 253 were included in on - demand therapy , with 127 patients in the hydrotalcite group and the remaining 126 in the esomeprazole group .

59492_task2

Sentence: The efficacy , safety and cost-effectiveness of hydrotalcite versus esomeprazole in on-demand therapy of NERD : A multicenter , randomized , open-label study in China . OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate whether hydrotalcite was comparable to esomeprazole , a proton pump inhibitor , in on-demand therapy for non-erosive reflux disease ( NERD ) . METHODS This was a multicenter , randomized , open-label clinical trial with initial and on-demand therapy . Patients who had complete symptom relief in the initial therapy were randomized to either hydrotalcite or esomeprazole in the on-demand therapy . The percentage of patients who quit on-demand therapy in the two groups and the cost-effectiveness of the treatment were evaluated as primary end points . The rate of symptom relief and the improvement of symptom score for initial therapy and the weekly average symptom score and weekly average number of days on treatment for on-demand therapy were evaluated as secondary end points . RESULTS In total , 398 patients were recruited in the initial therapy group , among whom 253 were included in on-demand therapy , with 127 patients in the hydrotalcite group and the remaining 126 in the esomeprazole group . 14 ( 11.0 % ) patients in the hydrotalcite group and six ( 4.8 % ) in the esomeprazole group quit the on-demand therapy due to unsatisfactory symptom control ( P = 0.065 ) . Cost-effectiveness calculated as the ratio of the cost of hydrotalcite to that of esomeprazole ( per person/day ) was 35.3 % in the on-demand therapy . Similar number of patients achieved symptom relief in both groups . CONCLUSION Hydrotalcite is a good option of on-demand therapy for NERD patients due to its cost-effectiveness and speed of action . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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The efficacy , safety and cost-effectiveness of hydrotalcite versus esomeprazole in on-demand therapy of NERD : A multicenter , randomized , open-label study in China . OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate whether hydrotalcite was comparable to esomeprazole , a proton pump inhibitor , in on-demand therapy for non-erosive reflux disease ( NERD ) . METHODS This was a multicenter , randomized , open-label clinical trial with initial and on-demand therapy . Patients who had complete symptom relief in the initial therapy were randomized to either hydrotalcite or esomeprazole in the on-demand therapy . The percentage of patients who quit on-demand therapy in the two groups and the cost-effectiveness of the treatment were evaluated as primary end points . The rate of symptom relief and the improvement of symptom score for initial therapy and the weekly average symptom score and weekly average number of days on treatment for on-demand therapy were evaluated as secondary end points . RESULTS In total , 398 patients were recruited in the initial therapy group , among whom 253 were included in on-demand therapy , with 127 patients in the hydrotalcite group and the remaining 126 in the esomeprazole group . 14 ( 11.0 % ) patients in the hydrotalcite group and six ( 4.8 % ) in the esomeprazole group quit the on-demand therapy due to unsatisfactory symptom control ( P = 0.065 ) . Cost-effectiveness calculated as the ratio of the cost of hydrotalcite to that of esomeprazole ( per person/day ) was 35.3 % in the on-demand therapy . Similar number of patients achieved symptom relief in both groups . CONCLUSION Hydrotalcite is a good option of on-demand therapy for NERD patients due to its cost-effectiveness and speed of action .

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[ "Participant_Condition", "Outcome_Mental", "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Pharmacological" ]

patient is an umlsterm, amaurosis fugax is an umlsterm, fracture is an umlsterm, angiography is an umlsterm, MRI angiography is an umlsterm, ophthalmic artery is an umlsterm, dissection is an umlsterm, internal carotid artery is an umlsterm, thrombosis is an umlsterm, perfusion is an umlsterm, cerebral arteries is an umlsterm, cerebrum is an umlsterm, amaurosis is an umlsterm, cause is an umlsterm, etiology is an umlsterm, diagnosis is an umlsterm, therapy is an umlsterm

MundKieferGesichtschirurgie.80020209.eng.abstr_task0

Sentence: The case of a 30-year-old patient is reported who presented with a right-sided amaurosis fugax and a simultaneous frontobasal fracture that had occurred after a fall . By CT angiography and MRI angiography obstruction of the ophthalmic artery following a dissection of the internal carotid artery with ascending thrombosis could be demonstrated . There was a lack of further neurological deficits because of sufficient perfusion of the cerebral arteries by the arterial circle of the cerebrum . Among the etiological variety of types of post-traumatic amaurosis , this rare cause should be taken into consideration in the etiology , diagnosis and therapy , if appropriate . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

The case of a 30-year-old patient is reported who presented with a right-sided amaurosis fugax and a simultaneous frontobasal fracture that had occurred after a fall . By CT angiography and MRI angiography obstruction of the ophthalmic artery following a dissection of the internal carotid artery with ascending thrombosis could be demonstrated . There was a lack of further neurological deficits because of sufficient perfusion of the cerebral arteries by the arterial circle of the cerebrum . Among the etiological variety of types of post-traumatic amaurosis , this rare cause should be taken into consideration in the etiology , diagnosis and therapy , if appropriate .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

patient is an umlsterm, amaurosis fugax is an umlsterm, fracture is an umlsterm, angiography is an umlsterm, MRI angiography is an umlsterm, ophthalmic artery is an umlsterm, dissection is an umlsterm, internal carotid artery is an umlsterm, thrombosis is an umlsterm, perfusion is an umlsterm, cerebral arteries is an umlsterm, cerebrum is an umlsterm, amaurosis is an umlsterm, cause is an umlsterm, etiology is an umlsterm, diagnosis is an umlsterm, therapy is an umlsterm

MundKieferGesichtschirurgie.80020209.eng.abstr_task1

Sentence: The case of a 30-year-old patient is reported who presented with a right-sided amaurosis fugax and a simultaneous frontobasal fracture that had occurred after a fall . By CT angiography and MRI angiography obstruction of the ophthalmic artery following a dissection of the internal carotid artery with ascending thrombosis could be demonstrated . There was a lack of further neurological deficits because of sufficient perfusion of the cerebral arteries by the arterial circle of the cerebrum . Among the etiological variety of types of post-traumatic amaurosis , this rare cause should be taken into consideration in the etiology , diagnosis and therapy , if appropriate . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: patient, amaurosis fugax, fracture, angiography, MRI angiography, ophthalmic artery, dissection, internal carotid artery, thrombosis, perfusion, cerebral arteries, cerebrum, amaurosis, cause, etiology, diagnosis, therapy Options: umlsterm

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The case of a 30-year-old patient is reported who presented with a right-sided amaurosis fugax and a simultaneous frontobasal fracture that had occurred after a fall . By CT angiography and MRI angiography obstruction of the ophthalmic artery following a dissection of the internal carotid artery with ascending thrombosis could be demonstrated . There was a lack of further neurological deficits because of sufficient perfusion of the cerebral arteries by the arterial circle of the cerebrum . Among the etiological variety of types of post-traumatic amaurosis , this rare cause should be taken into consideration in the etiology , diagnosis and therapy , if appropriate .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

patient, amaurosis fugax, fracture, angiography, MRI angiography, ophthalmic artery, dissection, internal carotid artery, thrombosis, perfusion, cerebral arteries, cerebrum, amaurosis, cause, etiology, diagnosis, therapy

MundKieferGesichtschirurgie.80020209.eng.abstr_task2

Sentence: The case of a 30-year-old patient is reported who presented with a right-sided amaurosis fugax and a simultaneous frontobasal fracture that had occurred after a fall . By CT angiography and MRI angiography obstruction of the ophthalmic artery following a dissection of the internal carotid artery with ascending thrombosis could be demonstrated . There was a lack of further neurological deficits because of sufficient perfusion of the cerebral arteries by the arterial circle of the cerebrum . Among the etiological variety of types of post-traumatic amaurosis , this rare cause should be taken into consideration in the etiology , diagnosis and therapy , if appropriate . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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The case of a 30-year-old patient is reported who presented with a right-sided amaurosis fugax and a simultaneous frontobasal fracture that had occurred after a fall . By CT angiography and MRI angiography obstruction of the ophthalmic artery following a dissection of the internal carotid artery with ascending thrombosis could be demonstrated . There was a lack of further neurological deficits because of sufficient perfusion of the cerebral arteries by the arterial circle of the cerebrum . Among the etiological variety of types of post-traumatic amaurosis , this rare cause should be taken into consideration in the etiology , diagnosis and therapy , if appropriate .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

PIAS1 is a Protein, PIAS4 is a Protein, ATM is a Protein, ATR is a Protein, PRKDC is a Protein, histone H2AX is a Protein, H2AFX is a Protein, MDC1 is a Protein, 53BP1 is a Protein, TP53BP1 is a Protein, BRCA1 is a Protein, CtIP is a Protein, RBBP8 is a Protein, RNF8 is a Protein, RNF168 is a Protein, RIDDLIN is a Protein, SUMO1 is a Protein, SUMO2 is a Protein, SUMO3 is a Protein, SUMO1 is a Protein, PIAS4 is a Protein, PIAS1 is a Protein, PIAS1 is a Protein, PIAS4 is a Protein, 53BP1 is a Protein, BRCA1 is a Protein, RNF168 is a Protein, PIAS1 is a Protein, PIAS4 is a Protein, PIAS1 is a Protein, PIAS4 is a Protein, ubiquitin is a Protein, RNF8 is a Protein, RNF168 is a Protein, BRCA1 is a Protein, PIAS1 is a Protein, PIAS4 is a Protein

459_task0

Sentence: Mammalian SUMO E3-ligases PIAS1 and PIAS4 promote responses to DNA double-strand breaks. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are highly cytotoxic lesions that are generated by ionizing radiation and various DNA-damaging chemicals. Following DSB formation, cells activate the DNA-damage response (DDR) protein kinases ATM, ATR and DNA-PK (also known as PRKDC). These then trigger histone H2AX (also known as H2AFX) phosphorylation and the accumulation of proteins such as MDC1, 53BP1 (also known as TP53BP1), BRCA1, CtIP (also known as RBBP8), RNF8 and RNF168/RIDDLIN into ionizing radiation-induced foci (IRIF) that amplify DSB signalling and promote DSB repair. Attachment of small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) to target proteins controls diverse cellular functions. Here, we show that SUMO1, SUMO2 and SUMO3 accumulate at DSB sites in mammalian cells, with SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 accrual requiring the E3 ligase enzymes PIAS4 and PIAS1. We also establish that PIAS1 and PIAS4 are recruited to damage sites via mechanisms requiring their SAP domains, and are needed for the productive association of 53BP1, BRCA1 and RNF168 with such regions. Furthermore, we show that PIAS1 and PIAS4 promote DSB repair and confer ionizing radiation resistance. Finally, we establish that PIAS1 and PIAS4 are required for effective ubiquitin-adduct formation mediated by RNF8, RNF168 and BRCA1 at sites of DNA damage. These findings thus identify PIAS1 and PIAS4 as components of the DDR and reveal how protein recruitment to DSB sites is controlled by coordinated SUMOylation and ubiquitylation. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Protein

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Mammalian SUMO E3-ligases PIAS1 and PIAS4 promote responses to DNA double-strand breaks. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are highly cytotoxic lesions that are generated by ionizing radiation and various DNA-damaging chemicals. Following DSB formation, cells activate the DNA-damage response (DDR) protein kinases ATM, ATR and DNA-PK (also known as PRKDC). These then trigger histone H2AX (also known as H2AFX) phosphorylation and the accumulation of proteins such as MDC1, 53BP1 (also known as TP53BP1), BRCA1, CtIP (also known as RBBP8), RNF8 and RNF168/RIDDLIN into ionizing radiation-induced foci (IRIF) that amplify DSB signalling and promote DSB repair. Attachment of small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) to target proteins controls diverse cellular functions. Here, we show that SUMO1, SUMO2 and SUMO3 accumulate at DSB sites in mammalian cells, with SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 accrual requiring the E3 ligase enzymes PIAS4 and PIAS1. We also establish that PIAS1 and PIAS4 are recruited to damage sites via mechanisms requiring their SAP domains, and are needed for the productive association of 53BP1, BRCA1 and RNF168 with such regions. Furthermore, we show that PIAS1 and PIAS4 promote DSB repair and confer ionizing radiation resistance. Finally, we establish that PIAS1 and PIAS4 are required for effective ubiquitin-adduct formation mediated by RNF8, RNF168 and BRCA1 at sites of DNA damage. These findings thus identify PIAS1 and PIAS4 as components of the DDR and reveal how protein recruitment to DSB sites is controlled by coordinated SUMOylation and ubiquitylation.

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[ "Protein" ]

PIAS1 is a Protein, PIAS4 is a Protein, ATM is a Protein, ATR is a Protein, PRKDC is a Protein, histone H2AX is a Protein, H2AFX is a Protein, MDC1 is a Protein, 53BP1 is a Protein, TP53BP1 is a Protein, BRCA1 is a Protein, CtIP is a Protein, RBBP8 is a Protein, RNF8 is a Protein, RNF168 is a Protein, RIDDLIN is a Protein, SUMO1 is a Protein, SUMO2 is a Protein, SUMO3 is a Protein, SUMO1 is a Protein, PIAS4 is a Protein, PIAS1 is a Protein, PIAS1 is a Protein, PIAS4 is a Protein, 53BP1 is a Protein, BRCA1 is a Protein, RNF168 is a Protein, PIAS1 is a Protein, PIAS4 is a Protein, PIAS1 is a Protein, PIAS4 is a Protein, ubiquitin is a Protein, RNF8 is a Protein, RNF168 is a Protein, BRCA1 is a Protein, PIAS1 is a Protein, PIAS4 is a Protein

459_task1

Sentence: Mammalian SUMO E3-ligases PIAS1 and PIAS4 promote responses to DNA double-strand breaks. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are highly cytotoxic lesions that are generated by ionizing radiation and various DNA-damaging chemicals. Following DSB formation, cells activate the DNA-damage response (DDR) protein kinases ATM, ATR and DNA-PK (also known as PRKDC). These then trigger histone H2AX (also known as H2AFX) phosphorylation and the accumulation of proteins such as MDC1, 53BP1 (also known as TP53BP1), BRCA1, CtIP (also known as RBBP8), RNF8 and RNF168/RIDDLIN into ionizing radiation-induced foci (IRIF) that amplify DSB signalling and promote DSB repair. Attachment of small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) to target proteins controls diverse cellular functions. Here, we show that SUMO1, SUMO2 and SUMO3 accumulate at DSB sites in mammalian cells, with SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 accrual requiring the E3 ligase enzymes PIAS4 and PIAS1. We also establish that PIAS1 and PIAS4 are recruited to damage sites via mechanisms requiring their SAP domains, and are needed for the productive association of 53BP1, BRCA1 and RNF168 with such regions. Furthermore, we show that PIAS1 and PIAS4 promote DSB repair and confer ionizing radiation resistance. Finally, we establish that PIAS1 and PIAS4 are required for effective ubiquitin-adduct formation mediated by RNF8, RNF168 and BRCA1 at sites of DNA damage. These findings thus identify PIAS1 and PIAS4 as components of the DDR and reveal how protein recruitment to DSB sites is controlled by coordinated SUMOylation and ubiquitylation. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: PIAS1, PIAS4, ATM, ATR, PRKDC, histone H2AX, H2AFX, MDC1, 53BP1, TP53BP1, BRCA1, CtIP, RBBP8, RNF8, RNF168, RIDDLIN, SUMO1, SUMO2, SUMO3, SUMO1, PIAS4, PIAS1, PIAS1, PIAS4, 53BP1, BRCA1, RNF168, PIAS1, PIAS4, PIAS1, PIAS4, ubiquitin, RNF8, RNF168, BRCA1, PIAS1, PIAS4 Options: Protein

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Mammalian SUMO E3-ligases PIAS1 and PIAS4 promote responses to DNA double-strand breaks. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are highly cytotoxic lesions that are generated by ionizing radiation and various DNA-damaging chemicals. Following DSB formation, cells activate the DNA-damage response (DDR) protein kinases ATM, ATR and DNA-PK (also known as PRKDC). These then trigger histone H2AX (also known as H2AFX) phosphorylation and the accumulation of proteins such as MDC1, 53BP1 (also known as TP53BP1), BRCA1, CtIP (also known as RBBP8), RNF8 and RNF168/RIDDLIN into ionizing radiation-induced foci (IRIF) that amplify DSB signalling and promote DSB repair. Attachment of small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) to target proteins controls diverse cellular functions. Here, we show that SUMO1, SUMO2 and SUMO3 accumulate at DSB sites in mammalian cells, with SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 accrual requiring the E3 ligase enzymes PIAS4 and PIAS1. We also establish that PIAS1 and PIAS4 are recruited to damage sites via mechanisms requiring their SAP domains, and are needed for the productive association of 53BP1, BRCA1 and RNF168 with such regions. Furthermore, we show that PIAS1 and PIAS4 promote DSB repair and confer ionizing radiation resistance. Finally, we establish that PIAS1 and PIAS4 are required for effective ubiquitin-adduct formation mediated by RNF8, RNF168 and BRCA1 at sites of DNA damage. These findings thus identify PIAS1 and PIAS4 as components of the DDR and reveal how protein recruitment to DSB sites is controlled by coordinated SUMOylation and ubiquitylation.

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[ "Protein" ]

PIAS1, PIAS4, ATM, ATR, PRKDC, histone H2AX, H2AFX, MDC1, 53BP1, TP53BP1, BRCA1, CtIP, RBBP8, RNF8, RNF168, RIDDLIN, SUMO1, SUMO2, SUMO3, SUMO1, PIAS4, PIAS1, PIAS1, PIAS4, 53BP1, BRCA1, RNF168, PIAS1, PIAS4, PIAS1, PIAS4, ubiquitin, RNF8, RNF168, BRCA1, PIAS1, PIAS4

459_task2

Sentence: Mammalian SUMO E3-ligases PIAS1 and PIAS4 promote responses to DNA double-strand breaks. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are highly cytotoxic lesions that are generated by ionizing radiation and various DNA-damaging chemicals. Following DSB formation, cells activate the DNA-damage response (DDR) protein kinases ATM, ATR and DNA-PK (also known as PRKDC). These then trigger histone H2AX (also known as H2AFX) phosphorylation and the accumulation of proteins such as MDC1, 53BP1 (also known as TP53BP1), BRCA1, CtIP (also known as RBBP8), RNF8 and RNF168/RIDDLIN into ionizing radiation-induced foci (IRIF) that amplify DSB signalling and promote DSB repair. Attachment of small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) to target proteins controls diverse cellular functions. Here, we show that SUMO1, SUMO2 and SUMO3 accumulate at DSB sites in mammalian cells, with SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 accrual requiring the E3 ligase enzymes PIAS4 and PIAS1. We also establish that PIAS1 and PIAS4 are recruited to damage sites via mechanisms requiring their SAP domains, and are needed for the productive association of 53BP1, BRCA1 and RNF168 with such regions. Furthermore, we show that PIAS1 and PIAS4 promote DSB repair and confer ionizing radiation resistance. Finally, we establish that PIAS1 and PIAS4 are required for effective ubiquitin-adduct formation mediated by RNF8, RNF168 and BRCA1 at sites of DNA damage. These findings thus identify PIAS1 and PIAS4 as components of the DDR and reveal how protein recruitment to DSB sites is controlled by coordinated SUMOylation and ubiquitylation. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Mammalian SUMO E3-ligases PIAS1 and PIAS4 promote responses to DNA double-strand breaks. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are highly cytotoxic lesions that are generated by ionizing radiation and various DNA-damaging chemicals. Following DSB formation, cells activate the DNA-damage response (DDR) protein kinases ATM, ATR and DNA-PK (also known as PRKDC). These then trigger histone H2AX (also known as H2AFX) phosphorylation and the accumulation of proteins such as MDC1, 53BP1 (also known as TP53BP1), BRCA1, CtIP (also known as RBBP8), RNF8 and RNF168/RIDDLIN into ionizing radiation-induced foci (IRIF) that amplify DSB signalling and promote DSB repair. Attachment of small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) to target proteins controls diverse cellular functions. Here, we show that SUMO1, SUMO2 and SUMO3 accumulate at DSB sites in mammalian cells, with SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 accrual requiring the E3 ligase enzymes PIAS4 and PIAS1. We also establish that PIAS1 and PIAS4 are recruited to damage sites via mechanisms requiring their SAP domains, and are needed for the productive association of 53BP1, BRCA1 and RNF168 with such regions. Furthermore, we show that PIAS1 and PIAS4 promote DSB repair and confer ionizing radiation resistance. Finally, we establish that PIAS1 and PIAS4 are required for effective ubiquitin-adduct formation mediated by RNF8, RNF168 and BRCA1 at sites of DNA damage. These findings thus identify PIAS1 and PIAS4 as components of the DDR and reveal how protein recruitment to DSB sites is controlled by coordinated SUMOylation and ubiquitylation.

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[ "Protein" ]

GATA-2 is a Protein, estrogen receptor is a Protein, GATA-1 is a Protein, GATA-2 is a Protein, GATA-3 is a Protein, estrogen receptor is a Protein, ER is a Protein, ER is a Protein, GATA-2 is a Protein, ER is a Protein, GATA-2 is a Protein, ER is a Protein, GATA-2 is a Protein, ER is a Protein, GATA-3 is a Protein, ER is a Protein, GATA-2 is a Protein

547_task0

Sentence: Ectopic expression of a conditional GATA-2/estrogen receptor chimera arrests erythroid differentiation in a hormone-dependent manner. The GATA factors are a family of transcriptional regulatory proteins in eukaryotes that share extensive homology in their DNA-binding domains. One enigmatic aspect of GATA factor expression is that several GATA proteins, which ostensibly share the same DNA-binding site specificity, are coexpressed in erythroid cells. To elucidate the roles of individual GATA factors in erythropoiesis, conditional alleles of GATA-1, GATA-2, and GATA-3 were prepared by fusing each of the factors to the hormone-binding domain of the human estrogen receptor (ER). These GATA/ER chimeric factors were shown to be hormone-inducible trans-activating proteins in transient transfection assays. When stably introduced into primary erythroblasts or conditionally transformed erythroid progenitors cells, exogenous GATA-2/ER promoted proliferation and inhibited terminal differentiation in an estrogen-dependent manner. These phenotypic effects are specifically attributable to the action of ectopically expressed GATA-2/ER because erythroblasts expressing exogenous GATA-2 are constitutively arrested in differentiation and because erythroid progenitors expressing either Gal/ER or GATA-3/ER do not display a hormone-responsive block in differentiation. Thus, the GATA-2 transcription factor appears to play a role in regulating the self-renewal capacity of early erythroid progenitor cells. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Protein

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Ectopic expression of a conditional GATA-2/estrogen receptor chimera arrests erythroid differentiation in a hormone-dependent manner. The GATA factors are a family of transcriptional regulatory proteins in eukaryotes that share extensive homology in their DNA-binding domains. One enigmatic aspect of GATA factor expression is that several GATA proteins, which ostensibly share the same DNA-binding site specificity, are coexpressed in erythroid cells. To elucidate the roles of individual GATA factors in erythropoiesis, conditional alleles of GATA-1, GATA-2, and GATA-3 were prepared by fusing each of the factors to the hormone-binding domain of the human estrogen receptor (ER). These GATA/ER chimeric factors were shown to be hormone-inducible trans-activating proteins in transient transfection assays. When stably introduced into primary erythroblasts or conditionally transformed erythroid progenitors cells, exogenous GATA-2/ER promoted proliferation and inhibited terminal differentiation in an estrogen-dependent manner. These phenotypic effects are specifically attributable to the action of ectopically expressed GATA-2/ER because erythroblasts expressing exogenous GATA-2 are constitutively arrested in differentiation and because erythroid progenitors expressing either Gal/ER or GATA-3/ER do not display a hormone-responsive block in differentiation. Thus, the GATA-2 transcription factor appears to play a role in regulating the self-renewal capacity of early erythroid progenitor cells.

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[ "Protein" ]

GATA-2 is a Protein, estrogen receptor is a Protein, GATA-1 is a Protein, GATA-2 is a Protein, GATA-3 is a Protein, estrogen receptor is a Protein, ER is a Protein, ER is a Protein, GATA-2 is a Protein, ER is a Protein, GATA-2 is a Protein, ER is a Protein, GATA-2 is a Protein, ER is a Protein, GATA-3 is a Protein, ER is a Protein, GATA-2 is a Protein

547_task1

Sentence: Ectopic expression of a conditional GATA-2/estrogen receptor chimera arrests erythroid differentiation in a hormone-dependent manner. The GATA factors are a family of transcriptional regulatory proteins in eukaryotes that share extensive homology in their DNA-binding domains. One enigmatic aspect of GATA factor expression is that several GATA proteins, which ostensibly share the same DNA-binding site specificity, are coexpressed in erythroid cells. To elucidate the roles of individual GATA factors in erythropoiesis, conditional alleles of GATA-1, GATA-2, and GATA-3 were prepared by fusing each of the factors to the hormone-binding domain of the human estrogen receptor (ER). These GATA/ER chimeric factors were shown to be hormone-inducible trans-activating proteins in transient transfection assays. When stably introduced into primary erythroblasts or conditionally transformed erythroid progenitors cells, exogenous GATA-2/ER promoted proliferation and inhibited terminal differentiation in an estrogen-dependent manner. These phenotypic effects are specifically attributable to the action of ectopically expressed GATA-2/ER because erythroblasts expressing exogenous GATA-2 are constitutively arrested in differentiation and because erythroid progenitors expressing either Gal/ER or GATA-3/ER do not display a hormone-responsive block in differentiation. Thus, the GATA-2 transcription factor appears to play a role in regulating the self-renewal capacity of early erythroid progenitor cells. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: GATA-2, estrogen receptor, GATA-1, GATA-2, GATA-3, estrogen receptor, ER, ER, GATA-2, ER, GATA-2, ER, GATA-2, ER, GATA-3, ER, GATA-2 Options: Protein

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Ectopic expression of a conditional GATA-2/estrogen receptor chimera arrests erythroid differentiation in a hormone-dependent manner. The GATA factors are a family of transcriptional regulatory proteins in eukaryotes that share extensive homology in their DNA-binding domains. One enigmatic aspect of GATA factor expression is that several GATA proteins, which ostensibly share the same DNA-binding site specificity, are coexpressed in erythroid cells. To elucidate the roles of individual GATA factors in erythropoiesis, conditional alleles of GATA-1, GATA-2, and GATA-3 were prepared by fusing each of the factors to the hormone-binding domain of the human estrogen receptor (ER). These GATA/ER chimeric factors were shown to be hormone-inducible trans-activating proteins in transient transfection assays. When stably introduced into primary erythroblasts or conditionally transformed erythroid progenitors cells, exogenous GATA-2/ER promoted proliferation and inhibited terminal differentiation in an estrogen-dependent manner. These phenotypic effects are specifically attributable to the action of ectopically expressed GATA-2/ER because erythroblasts expressing exogenous GATA-2 are constitutively arrested in differentiation and because erythroid progenitors expressing either Gal/ER or GATA-3/ER do not display a hormone-responsive block in differentiation. Thus, the GATA-2 transcription factor appears to play a role in regulating the self-renewal capacity of early erythroid progenitor cells.

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[ "Protein" ]

GATA-2, estrogen receptor, GATA-1, GATA-2, GATA-3, estrogen receptor, ER, ER, GATA-2, ER, GATA-2, ER, GATA-2, ER, GATA-3, ER, GATA-2

547_task2

Sentence: Ectopic expression of a conditional GATA-2/estrogen receptor chimera arrests erythroid differentiation in a hormone-dependent manner. The GATA factors are a family of transcriptional regulatory proteins in eukaryotes that share extensive homology in their DNA-binding domains. One enigmatic aspect of GATA factor expression is that several GATA proteins, which ostensibly share the same DNA-binding site specificity, are coexpressed in erythroid cells. To elucidate the roles of individual GATA factors in erythropoiesis, conditional alleles of GATA-1, GATA-2, and GATA-3 were prepared by fusing each of the factors to the hormone-binding domain of the human estrogen receptor (ER). These GATA/ER chimeric factors were shown to be hormone-inducible trans-activating proteins in transient transfection assays. When stably introduced into primary erythroblasts or conditionally transformed erythroid progenitors cells, exogenous GATA-2/ER promoted proliferation and inhibited terminal differentiation in an estrogen-dependent manner. These phenotypic effects are specifically attributable to the action of ectopically expressed GATA-2/ER because erythroblasts expressing exogenous GATA-2 are constitutively arrested in differentiation and because erythroid progenitors expressing either Gal/ER or GATA-3/ER do not display a hormone-responsive block in differentiation. Thus, the GATA-2 transcription factor appears to play a role in regulating the self-renewal capacity of early erythroid progenitor cells. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Ectopic expression of a conditional GATA-2/estrogen receptor chimera arrests erythroid differentiation in a hormone-dependent manner. The GATA factors are a family of transcriptional regulatory proteins in eukaryotes that share extensive homology in their DNA-binding domains. One enigmatic aspect of GATA factor expression is that several GATA proteins, which ostensibly share the same DNA-binding site specificity, are coexpressed in erythroid cells. To elucidate the roles of individual GATA factors in erythropoiesis, conditional alleles of GATA-1, GATA-2, and GATA-3 were prepared by fusing each of the factors to the hormone-binding domain of the human estrogen receptor (ER). These GATA/ER chimeric factors were shown to be hormone-inducible trans-activating proteins in transient transfection assays. When stably introduced into primary erythroblasts or conditionally transformed erythroid progenitors cells, exogenous GATA-2/ER promoted proliferation and inhibited terminal differentiation in an estrogen-dependent manner. These phenotypic effects are specifically attributable to the action of ectopically expressed GATA-2/ER because erythroblasts expressing exogenous GATA-2 are constitutively arrested in differentiation and because erythroid progenitors expressing either Gal/ER or GATA-3/ER do not display a hormone-responsive block in differentiation. Thus, the GATA-2 transcription factor appears to play a role in regulating the self-renewal capacity of early erythroid progenitor cells.

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[ "Protein" ]

pharmacodynamic ( PD ) assay is a Participant_Condition, retinoid products . is a Intervention_Pharmacological, Daily applications of products containing tretinoin or adapalene is a Intervention_Pharmacological, forearms of human subjects is a Participant_Condition, polyethylene film occlusion is a Intervention_Physical, erythema ; is a Outcome_Physical, exfoliation ( scaling / peeling ) is a Outcome_Physical, transepidermal water loss . is a Outcome_Physical, sensitivity and specificity is a Outcome_Other, retinoid bioequivalence is a Outcome_Other

56032_task0

Sentence: Assessing the bioequivalence of topical retinoid products by pharmacodynamic assay . PURPOSE To develop a simple pharmacodynamic ( PD ) assay for the evaluation of the bioequivalence of topically applied retinoid products . METHODS Daily applications of products containing tretinoin or adapalene were made to the forearms of human subjects for up to 21 days . Percutaneous absorption was enhanced through the use of polyethylene film occlusion ( 5 h ) . Pharmacologic activity was assessed through the daily measurement of three cutaneous responses intimately linked to retinoid-induced changes in epidermal differentiation : ( 1 ) erythema ; ( 2 ) exfoliation ( scaling/peeling ) , and ( 3 ) increased transepidermal water loss . RESULTS The PD model exhibited the sensitivity and specificity required to function as a bioequivalence surrogate . It was possible to differentiate between : ( 1 ) three concentrations of tretinoin in a commercial cream product line ; ( 2 ) two concentrations of tretinoin in a commercial gel product line ; ( 3 ) different vehicles ( gel vs. cream ) containing the same concentration of tretinoin , and ( 4 ) tretinoin and adapalene at the same concentration . The applicability of this model for bioequivalence testing was established by showing that it had sufficient power to determine that three test tretinoin cream products and two approved generic tretinoin gel products were equivalent to their corresponding reference products . CONCLUSIONS A surrogate PD model to assess retinoid bioequivalence has been developed . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Intervention_Physical, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Outcome_Other

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Assessing the bioequivalence of topical retinoid products by pharmacodynamic assay . PURPOSE To develop a simple pharmacodynamic ( PD ) assay for the evaluation of the bioequivalence of topically applied retinoid products . METHODS Daily applications of products containing tretinoin or adapalene were made to the forearms of human subjects for up to 21 days . Percutaneous absorption was enhanced through the use of polyethylene film occlusion ( 5 h ) . Pharmacologic activity was assessed through the daily measurement of three cutaneous responses intimately linked to retinoid-induced changes in epidermal differentiation : ( 1 ) erythema ; ( 2 ) exfoliation ( scaling/peeling ) , and ( 3 ) increased transepidermal water loss . RESULTS The PD model exhibited the sensitivity and specificity required to function as a bioequivalence surrogate . It was possible to differentiate between : ( 1 ) three concentrations of tretinoin in a commercial cream product line ; ( 2 ) two concentrations of tretinoin in a commercial gel product line ; ( 3 ) different vehicles ( gel vs. cream ) containing the same concentration of tretinoin , and ( 4 ) tretinoin and adapalene at the same concentration . The applicability of this model for bioequivalence testing was established by showing that it had sufficient power to determine that three test tretinoin cream products and two approved generic tretinoin gel products were equivalent to their corresponding reference products . CONCLUSIONS A surrogate PD model to assess retinoid bioequivalence has been developed .

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[ "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Outcome_Physical", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Physical", "Outcome_Other" ]

pharmacodynamic ( PD ) assay is a Participant_Condition, retinoid products . is a Intervention_Pharmacological, Daily applications of products containing tretinoin or adapalene is a Intervention_Pharmacological, forearms of human subjects is a Participant_Condition, polyethylene film occlusion is a Intervention_Physical, erythema ; is a Outcome_Physical, exfoliation ( scaling / peeling ) is a Outcome_Physical, transepidermal water loss . is a Outcome_Physical, sensitivity and specificity is a Outcome_Other, retinoid bioequivalence is a Outcome_Other

56032_task1

Sentence: Assessing the bioequivalence of topical retinoid products by pharmacodynamic assay . PURPOSE To develop a simple pharmacodynamic ( PD ) assay for the evaluation of the bioequivalence of topically applied retinoid products . METHODS Daily applications of products containing tretinoin or adapalene were made to the forearms of human subjects for up to 21 days . Percutaneous absorption was enhanced through the use of polyethylene film occlusion ( 5 h ) . Pharmacologic activity was assessed through the daily measurement of three cutaneous responses intimately linked to retinoid-induced changes in epidermal differentiation : ( 1 ) erythema ; ( 2 ) exfoliation ( scaling/peeling ) , and ( 3 ) increased transepidermal water loss . RESULTS The PD model exhibited the sensitivity and specificity required to function as a bioequivalence surrogate . It was possible to differentiate between : ( 1 ) three concentrations of tretinoin in a commercial cream product line ; ( 2 ) two concentrations of tretinoin in a commercial gel product line ; ( 3 ) different vehicles ( gel vs. cream ) containing the same concentration of tretinoin , and ( 4 ) tretinoin and adapalene at the same concentration . The applicability of this model for bioequivalence testing was established by showing that it had sufficient power to determine that three test tretinoin cream products and two approved generic tretinoin gel products were equivalent to their corresponding reference products . CONCLUSIONS A surrogate PD model to assess retinoid bioequivalence has been developed . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: pharmacodynamic ( PD ) assay, retinoid products ., Daily applications of products containing tretinoin or adapalene, forearms of human subjects, polyethylene film occlusion, erythema ;, exfoliation ( scaling / peeling ), transepidermal water loss ., sensitivity and specificity, retinoid bioequivalence Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Intervention_Physical, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Outcome_Other

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Assessing the bioequivalence of topical retinoid products by pharmacodynamic assay . PURPOSE To develop a simple pharmacodynamic ( PD ) assay for the evaluation of the bioequivalence of topically applied retinoid products . METHODS Daily applications of products containing tretinoin or adapalene were made to the forearms of human subjects for up to 21 days . Percutaneous absorption was enhanced through the use of polyethylene film occlusion ( 5 h ) . Pharmacologic activity was assessed through the daily measurement of three cutaneous responses intimately linked to retinoid-induced changes in epidermal differentiation : ( 1 ) erythema ; ( 2 ) exfoliation ( scaling/peeling ) , and ( 3 ) increased transepidermal water loss . RESULTS The PD model exhibited the sensitivity and specificity required to function as a bioequivalence surrogate . It was possible to differentiate between : ( 1 ) three concentrations of tretinoin in a commercial cream product line ; ( 2 ) two concentrations of tretinoin in a commercial gel product line ; ( 3 ) different vehicles ( gel vs. cream ) containing the same concentration of tretinoin , and ( 4 ) tretinoin and adapalene at the same concentration . The applicability of this model for bioequivalence testing was established by showing that it had sufficient power to determine that three test tretinoin cream products and two approved generic tretinoin gel products were equivalent to their corresponding reference products . CONCLUSIONS A surrogate PD model to assess retinoid bioequivalence has been developed .

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[ "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Outcome_Physical", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Physical", "Outcome_Other" ]

pharmacodynamic ( PD ) assay, retinoid products ., Daily applications of products containing tretinoin or adapalene, forearms of human subjects, polyethylene film occlusion, erythema ;, exfoliation ( scaling / peeling ), transepidermal water loss ., sensitivity and specificity, retinoid bioequivalence

56032_task2

Sentence: Assessing the bioequivalence of topical retinoid products by pharmacodynamic assay . PURPOSE To develop a simple pharmacodynamic ( PD ) assay for the evaluation of the bioequivalence of topically applied retinoid products . METHODS Daily applications of products containing tretinoin or adapalene were made to the forearms of human subjects for up to 21 days . Percutaneous absorption was enhanced through the use of polyethylene film occlusion ( 5 h ) . Pharmacologic activity was assessed through the daily measurement of three cutaneous responses intimately linked to retinoid-induced changes in epidermal differentiation : ( 1 ) erythema ; ( 2 ) exfoliation ( scaling/peeling ) , and ( 3 ) increased transepidermal water loss . RESULTS The PD model exhibited the sensitivity and specificity required to function as a bioequivalence surrogate . It was possible to differentiate between : ( 1 ) three concentrations of tretinoin in a commercial cream product line ; ( 2 ) two concentrations of tretinoin in a commercial gel product line ; ( 3 ) different vehicles ( gel vs. cream ) containing the same concentration of tretinoin , and ( 4 ) tretinoin and adapalene at the same concentration . The applicability of this model for bioequivalence testing was established by showing that it had sufficient power to determine that three test tretinoin cream products and two approved generic tretinoin gel products were equivalent to their corresponding reference products . CONCLUSIONS A surrogate PD model to assess retinoid bioequivalence has been developed . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Assessing the bioequivalence of topical retinoid products by pharmacodynamic assay . PURPOSE To develop a simple pharmacodynamic ( PD ) assay for the evaluation of the bioequivalence of topically applied retinoid products . METHODS Daily applications of products containing tretinoin or adapalene were made to the forearms of human subjects for up to 21 days . Percutaneous absorption was enhanced through the use of polyethylene film occlusion ( 5 h ) . Pharmacologic activity was assessed through the daily measurement of three cutaneous responses intimately linked to retinoid-induced changes in epidermal differentiation : ( 1 ) erythema ; ( 2 ) exfoliation ( scaling/peeling ) , and ( 3 ) increased transepidermal water loss . RESULTS The PD model exhibited the sensitivity and specificity required to function as a bioequivalence surrogate . It was possible to differentiate between : ( 1 ) three concentrations of tretinoin in a commercial cream product line ; ( 2 ) two concentrations of tretinoin in a commercial gel product line ; ( 3 ) different vehicles ( gel vs. cream ) containing the same concentration of tretinoin , and ( 4 ) tretinoin and adapalene at the same concentration . The applicability of this model for bioequivalence testing was established by showing that it had sufficient power to determine that three test tretinoin cream products and two approved generic tretinoin gel products were equivalent to their corresponding reference products . CONCLUSIONS A surrogate PD model to assess retinoid bioequivalence has been developed .

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[ "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Outcome_Physical", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Physical", "Outcome_Other" ]

interdisciplinary research is an umlsterm, causes is an umlsterm, biological aging is an umlsterm, human is an umlsterm, senescence is an umlsterm, research is an umlsterm, biogerontology is an umlsterm, Germany is an umlsterm, developments is an umlsterm, research is an umlsterm

ZfuerGerontologie+Geriatrie.90320112.eng.abstr_task0

Sentence: Biogerontology is defined by the interdisciplinary research on causes and mechnisms of biological aging - aiming to unravel the mystery of human senescence . Here the state of this research area is presented separately in two parts : ( 1 ) activities and appreciation of biogerontology as a scientific discipline in Germany compared mainly to the USA , ( 2 ) recent developments in the scientific content and progress in the research of aging . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

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Biogerontology is defined by the interdisciplinary research on causes and mechnisms of biological aging - aiming to unravel the mystery of human senescence . Here the state of this research area is presented separately in two parts : ( 1 ) activities and appreciation of biogerontology as a scientific discipline in Germany compared mainly to the USA , ( 2 ) recent developments in the scientific content and progress in the research of aging .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

interdisciplinary research is an umlsterm, causes is an umlsterm, biological aging is an umlsterm, human is an umlsterm, senescence is an umlsterm, research is an umlsterm, biogerontology is an umlsterm, Germany is an umlsterm, developments is an umlsterm, research is an umlsterm

ZfuerGerontologie+Geriatrie.90320112.eng.abstr_task1

Sentence: Biogerontology is defined by the interdisciplinary research on causes and mechnisms of biological aging - aiming to unravel the mystery of human senescence . Here the state of this research area is presented separately in two parts : ( 1 ) activities and appreciation of biogerontology as a scientific discipline in Germany compared mainly to the USA , ( 2 ) recent developments in the scientific content and progress in the research of aging . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: interdisciplinary research, causes, biological aging, human, senescence, research, biogerontology, Germany, developments, research Options: umlsterm

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O" ]

Biogerontology is defined by the interdisciplinary research on causes and mechnisms of biological aging - aiming to unravel the mystery of human senescence . Here the state of this research area is presented separately in two parts : ( 1 ) activities and appreciation of biogerontology as a scientific discipline in Germany compared mainly to the USA , ( 2 ) recent developments in the scientific content and progress in the research of aging .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

interdisciplinary research, causes, biological aging, human, senescence, research, biogerontology, Germany, developments, research

ZfuerGerontologie+Geriatrie.90320112.eng.abstr_task2

Sentence: Biogerontology is defined by the interdisciplinary research on causes and mechnisms of biological aging - aiming to unravel the mystery of human senescence . Here the state of this research area is presented separately in two parts : ( 1 ) activities and appreciation of biogerontology as a scientific discipline in Germany compared mainly to the USA , ( 2 ) recent developments in the scientific content and progress in the research of aging . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Biogerontology is defined by the interdisciplinary research on causes and mechnisms of biological aging - aiming to unravel the mystery of human senescence . Here the state of this research area is presented separately in two parts : ( 1 ) activities and appreciation of biogerontology as a scientific discipline in Germany compared mainly to the USA , ( 2 ) recent developments in the scientific content and progress in the research of aging .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

IkappaB - alpha is a Protein, 5-lipoxygenase is a Protein, acidic sphingomyelinase is a Protein

683_task0

Sentence: Activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated U937 cells. During the course of serious bacterial infections, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) interacts with monocyte/macrophage receptors, resulting in the generation of inflammatory cytokines. Transcription factor NF-kappaB is crucial in activating the transcription of genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines. In this paper, we demonstrate that the activation of NF-kappaB by LPS in a promonocytic cell line (U937) followed a rather slow kinetics, depending on the rate of IkappaB-alpha inhibitor hydrolysis. No degradation of p105 and p100 inhibitors was observed under these conditions. The transduction pathway leading to NF-kappaB activation in U937 cells involved the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as demonstrated by the concomitant inhibitory effects of antioxidants on NF-kappaB activation and the emission of a fluorescent probe reacting intracellularly with hydrogen peroxide. This ROS pathway was also characterized by the use of other inhibitors. This finding indicates that phospholipase A2 and 5-lipoxygenase are also involved. However, the NF-kappaB activation pathway involving the acidic sphingomyelinase of the endolysosomial membrane did not seem to participate in the LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation in U937 cells. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Protein

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Activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated U937 cells. During the course of serious bacterial infections, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) interacts with monocyte/macrophage receptors, resulting in the generation of inflammatory cytokines. Transcription factor NF-kappaB is crucial in activating the transcription of genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines. In this paper, we demonstrate that the activation of NF-kappaB by LPS in a promonocytic cell line (U937) followed a rather slow kinetics, depending on the rate of IkappaB-alpha inhibitor hydrolysis. No degradation of p105 and p100 inhibitors was observed under these conditions. The transduction pathway leading to NF-kappaB activation in U937 cells involved the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as demonstrated by the concomitant inhibitory effects of antioxidants on NF-kappaB activation and the emission of a fluorescent probe reacting intracellularly with hydrogen peroxide. This ROS pathway was also characterized by the use of other inhibitors. This finding indicates that phospholipase A2 and 5-lipoxygenase are also involved. However, the NF-kappaB activation pathway involving the acidic sphingomyelinase of the endolysosomial membrane did not seem to participate in the LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation in U937 cells.

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[ "Protein" ]

IkappaB - alpha is a Protein, 5-lipoxygenase is a Protein, acidic sphingomyelinase is a Protein

683_task1

Sentence: Activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated U937 cells. During the course of serious bacterial infections, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) interacts with monocyte/macrophage receptors, resulting in the generation of inflammatory cytokines. Transcription factor NF-kappaB is crucial in activating the transcription of genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines. In this paper, we demonstrate that the activation of NF-kappaB by LPS in a promonocytic cell line (U937) followed a rather slow kinetics, depending on the rate of IkappaB-alpha inhibitor hydrolysis. No degradation of p105 and p100 inhibitors was observed under these conditions. The transduction pathway leading to NF-kappaB activation in U937 cells involved the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as demonstrated by the concomitant inhibitory effects of antioxidants on NF-kappaB activation and the emission of a fluorescent probe reacting intracellularly with hydrogen peroxide. This ROS pathway was also characterized by the use of other inhibitors. This finding indicates that phospholipase A2 and 5-lipoxygenase are also involved. However, the NF-kappaB activation pathway involving the acidic sphingomyelinase of the endolysosomial membrane did not seem to participate in the LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation in U937 cells. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: IkappaB - alpha, 5-lipoxygenase, acidic sphingomyelinase Options: Protein

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated U937 cells. During the course of serious bacterial infections, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) interacts with monocyte/macrophage receptors, resulting in the generation of inflammatory cytokines. Transcription factor NF-kappaB is crucial in activating the transcription of genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines. In this paper, we demonstrate that the activation of NF-kappaB by LPS in a promonocytic cell line (U937) followed a rather slow kinetics, depending on the rate of IkappaB-alpha inhibitor hydrolysis. No degradation of p105 and p100 inhibitors was observed under these conditions. The transduction pathway leading to NF-kappaB activation in U937 cells involved the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as demonstrated by the concomitant inhibitory effects of antioxidants on NF-kappaB activation and the emission of a fluorescent probe reacting intracellularly with hydrogen peroxide. This ROS pathway was also characterized by the use of other inhibitors. This finding indicates that phospholipase A2 and 5-lipoxygenase are also involved. However, the NF-kappaB activation pathway involving the acidic sphingomyelinase of the endolysosomial membrane did not seem to participate in the LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation in U937 cells.

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[ "Protein" ]

IkappaB - alpha, 5-lipoxygenase, acidic sphingomyelinase

683_task2

Sentence: Activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated U937 cells. During the course of serious bacterial infections, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) interacts with monocyte/macrophage receptors, resulting in the generation of inflammatory cytokines. Transcription factor NF-kappaB is crucial in activating the transcription of genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines. In this paper, we demonstrate that the activation of NF-kappaB by LPS in a promonocytic cell line (U937) followed a rather slow kinetics, depending on the rate of IkappaB-alpha inhibitor hydrolysis. No degradation of p105 and p100 inhibitors was observed under these conditions. The transduction pathway leading to NF-kappaB activation in U937 cells involved the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as demonstrated by the concomitant inhibitory effects of antioxidants on NF-kappaB activation and the emission of a fluorescent probe reacting intracellularly with hydrogen peroxide. This ROS pathway was also characterized by the use of other inhibitors. This finding indicates that phospholipase A2 and 5-lipoxygenase are also involved. However, the NF-kappaB activation pathway involving the acidic sphingomyelinase of the endolysosomial membrane did not seem to participate in the LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation in U937 cells. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated U937 cells. During the course of serious bacterial infections, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) interacts with monocyte/macrophage receptors, resulting in the generation of inflammatory cytokines. Transcription factor NF-kappaB is crucial in activating the transcription of genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines. In this paper, we demonstrate that the activation of NF-kappaB by LPS in a promonocytic cell line (U937) followed a rather slow kinetics, depending on the rate of IkappaB-alpha inhibitor hydrolysis. No degradation of p105 and p100 inhibitors was observed under these conditions. The transduction pathway leading to NF-kappaB activation in U937 cells involved the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as demonstrated by the concomitant inhibitory effects of antioxidants on NF-kappaB activation and the emission of a fluorescent probe reacting intracellularly with hydrogen peroxide. This ROS pathway was also characterized by the use of other inhibitors. This finding indicates that phospholipase A2 and 5-lipoxygenase are also involved. However, the NF-kappaB activation pathway involving the acidic sphingomyelinase of the endolysosomial membrane did not seem to participate in the LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation in U937 cells.

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[ "Protein" ]

Leber is an umlsterm, Architektur is an umlsterm, Arbeit is an umlsterm, Lebersegmente is an umlsterm

DerChirurg.90700169.ger.abstr_task0

Sentence: Zusammenfassung . Aufgrund ihrer Struktur und Lage ist die Leber ein ideales Organ fuer sonographische Untersuchungen . In diesem Zusammenhang erlauben die intrahepatischen Strukturen eine sehr genaue sonographische Einteilung in die segmentale Architektur nach Couinaud . Vorliegende Arbeit stellt Schritt fuer Schritt sonographische Einstellungen vor , die eine rasche und sichere Zuordnung der Lebersegmente erlauben . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O" ]

Zusammenfassung . Aufgrund ihrer Struktur und Lage ist die Leber ein ideales Organ fuer sonographische Untersuchungen . In diesem Zusammenhang erlauben die intrahepatischen Strukturen eine sehr genaue sonographische Einteilung in die segmentale Architektur nach Couinaud . Vorliegende Arbeit stellt Schritt fuer Schritt sonographische Einstellungen vor , die eine rasche und sichere Zuordnung der Lebersegmente erlauben .

[ "Zusammenfassung", ".", "Aufgrund", "ihrer", "Struktur", "und", "Lage", "ist", "die", "Leber", "ein", "ideales", "Organ", "fuer", "sonographische", "Untersuchungen", ".", "In", "diesem", "Zusammenhang", "erlauben", "die", "intrahepatischen", "Strukturen", "eine", "sehr", "genaue", "sonographische", "Einteilung", "in", "die", "segmentale", "Architektur", "nach", "Couinaud", ".", "Vorliegende", "Arbeit", "stellt", "Schritt", "fuer", "Schritt", "sonographische", "Einstellungen", "vor", ",", "die", "eine", "rasche", "und", "sichere", "Zuordnung", "der", "Lebersegmente", "erlauben", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

Leber is an umlsterm, Architektur is an umlsterm, Arbeit is an umlsterm, Lebersegmente is an umlsterm

DerChirurg.90700169.ger.abstr_task1

Sentence: Zusammenfassung . Aufgrund ihrer Struktur und Lage ist die Leber ein ideales Organ fuer sonographische Untersuchungen . In diesem Zusammenhang erlauben die intrahepatischen Strukturen eine sehr genaue sonographische Einteilung in die segmentale Architektur nach Couinaud . Vorliegende Arbeit stellt Schritt fuer Schritt sonographische Einstellungen vor , die eine rasche und sichere Zuordnung der Lebersegmente erlauben . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Leber, Architektur, Arbeit, Lebersegmente Options: umlsterm

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O" ]

Zusammenfassung . Aufgrund ihrer Struktur und Lage ist die Leber ein ideales Organ fuer sonographische Untersuchungen . In diesem Zusammenhang erlauben die intrahepatischen Strukturen eine sehr genaue sonographische Einteilung in die segmentale Architektur nach Couinaud . Vorliegende Arbeit stellt Schritt fuer Schritt sonographische Einstellungen vor , die eine rasche und sichere Zuordnung der Lebersegmente erlauben .

[ "Zusammenfassung", ".", "Aufgrund", "ihrer", "Struktur", "und", "Lage", "ist", "die", "Leber", "ein", "ideales", "Organ", "fuer", "sonographische", "Untersuchungen", ".", "In", "diesem", "Zusammenhang", "erlauben", "die", "intrahepatischen", "Strukturen", "eine", "sehr", "genaue", "sonographische", "Einteilung", "in", "die", "segmentale", "Architektur", "nach", "Couinaud", ".", "Vorliegende", "Arbeit", "stellt", "Schritt", "fuer", "Schritt", "sonographische", "Einstellungen", "vor", ",", "die", "eine", "rasche", "und", "sichere", "Zuordnung", "der", "Lebersegmente", "erlauben", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

Leber, Architektur, Arbeit, Lebersegmente

DerChirurg.90700169.ger.abstr_task2

Sentence: Zusammenfassung . Aufgrund ihrer Struktur und Lage ist die Leber ein ideales Organ fuer sonographische Untersuchungen . In diesem Zusammenhang erlauben die intrahepatischen Strukturen eine sehr genaue sonographische Einteilung in die segmentale Architektur nach Couinaud . Vorliegende Arbeit stellt Schritt fuer Schritt sonographische Einstellungen vor , die eine rasche und sichere Zuordnung der Lebersegmente erlauben . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O" ]

Zusammenfassung . Aufgrund ihrer Struktur und Lage ist die Leber ein ideales Organ fuer sonographische Untersuchungen . In diesem Zusammenhang erlauben die intrahepatischen Strukturen eine sehr genaue sonographische Einteilung in die segmentale Architektur nach Couinaud . Vorliegende Arbeit stellt Schritt fuer Schritt sonographische Einstellungen vor , die eine rasche und sichere Zuordnung der Lebersegmente erlauben .

[ "Zusammenfassung", ".", "Aufgrund", "ihrer", "Struktur", "und", "Lage", "ist", "die", "Leber", "ein", "ideales", "Organ", "fuer", "sonographische", "Untersuchungen", ".", "In", "diesem", "Zusammenhang", "erlauben", "die", "intrahepatischen", "Strukturen", "eine", "sehr", "genaue", "sonographische", "Einteilung", "in", "die", "segmentale", "Architektur", "nach", "Couinaud", ".", "Vorliegende", "Arbeit", "stellt", "Schritt", "fuer", "Schritt", "sonographische", "Einstellungen", "vor", ",", "die", "eine", "rasche", "und", "sichere", "Zuordnung", "der", "Lebersegmente", "erlauben", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

carotid artery stenosis is an umlsterm, coronary artery disease is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, open is an umlsterm, heart surgical procedures is an umlsterm, surgical is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, cardiac operations is an umlsterm

ZfuerHerzThoraxGefaesschirurgie.90130001.eng.abstr_task0

Sentence: The coexistence of carotid artery stenosis with coronary artery disease occurs in a small percentage of patients requiring open heart surgical procedures . Whether the combined surgical approach favorably influences the outcome of patients requiring major cardiac operations remains controversial . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

[ "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O" ]

The coexistence of carotid artery stenosis with coronary artery disease occurs in a small percentage of patients requiring open heart surgical procedures . Whether the combined surgical approach favorably influences the outcome of patients requiring major cardiac operations remains controversial .

[ "The", "coexistence", "of", "carotid", "artery", "stenosis", "with", "coronary", "artery", "disease", "occurs", "in", "a", "small", "percentage", "of", "patients", "requiring", "open", "heart", "surgical", "procedures", ".", "Whether", "the", "combined", "surgical", "approach", "favorably", "influences", "the", "outcome", "of", "patients", "requiring", "major", "cardiac", "operations", "remains", "controversial", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

carotid artery stenosis is an umlsterm, coronary artery disease is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, open is an umlsterm, heart surgical procedures is an umlsterm, surgical is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, cardiac operations is an umlsterm

ZfuerHerzThoraxGefaesschirurgie.90130001.eng.abstr_task1

Sentence: The coexistence of carotid artery stenosis with coronary artery disease occurs in a small percentage of patients requiring open heart surgical procedures . Whether the combined surgical approach favorably influences the outcome of patients requiring major cardiac operations remains controversial . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: carotid artery stenosis, coronary artery disease, patients, open, heart surgical procedures, surgical, patients, cardiac operations Options: umlsterm

[ "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O" ]

The coexistence of carotid artery stenosis with coronary artery disease occurs in a small percentage of patients requiring open heart surgical procedures . Whether the combined surgical approach favorably influences the outcome of patients requiring major cardiac operations remains controversial .

[ "The", "coexistence", "of", "carotid", "artery", "stenosis", "with", "coronary", "artery", "disease", "occurs", "in", "a", "small", "percentage", "of", "patients", "requiring", "open", "heart", "surgical", "procedures", ".", "Whether", "the", "combined", "surgical", "approach", "favorably", "influences", "the", "outcome", "of", "patients", "requiring", "major", "cardiac", "operations", "remains", "controversial", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

carotid artery stenosis, coronary artery disease, patients, open, heart surgical procedures, surgical, patients, cardiac operations

ZfuerHerzThoraxGefaesschirurgie.90130001.eng.abstr_task2

Sentence: The coexistence of carotid artery stenosis with coronary artery disease occurs in a small percentage of patients requiring open heart surgical procedures . Whether the combined surgical approach favorably influences the outcome of patients requiring major cardiac operations remains controversial . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O" ]

The coexistence of carotid artery stenosis with coronary artery disease occurs in a small percentage of patients requiring open heart surgical procedures . Whether the combined surgical approach favorably influences the outcome of patients requiring major cardiac operations remains controversial .

[ "The", "coexistence", "of", "carotid", "artery", "stenosis", "with", "coronary", "artery", "disease", "occurs", "in", "a", "small", "percentage", "of", "patients", "requiring", "open", "heart", "surgical", "procedures", ".", "Whether", "the", "combined", "surgical", "approach", "favorably", "influences", "the", "outcome", "of", "patients", "requiring", "major", "cardiac", "operations", "remains", "controversial", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

actin - binding protein is a Protein_family_or_group, Sac6p is a Individual_protein, fimbrin is a Individual_protein

568_task0

Sentence: One such protein is the yeast actin-binding protein Sac6p, which is homologous to vertebrate fimbrin (Adams, A. E. M., D. Botstein, and D. G. Drubin. 1991. Nature (Lond.). 354:404-408.). Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Individual_protein, Protein_family_or_group

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein_family_or_group", "I-Protein_family_or_group", "I-Protein_family_or_group", "I-Protein_family_or_group", "B-Individual_protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Individual_protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

One such protein is the yeast actin-binding protein Sac6p, which is homologous to vertebrate fimbrin (Adams, A. E. M., D. Botstein, and D. G. Drubin. 1991. Nature (Lond.). 354:404-408.).

[ "One", "such", "protein", "is", "the", "yeast", "actin", "-", "binding", "protein", "Sac6p", ",", "which", "is", "homologous", "to", "vertebrate", "fimbrin", "(", "Adams", ",", "A.", "E.", "M.", ",", "D.", "Botstein", ",", "and", "D.", "G.", "Drubin", ".", "1991", ".", "Nature", "(", "Lond", ".", ")", ".", "354:404", "-", "408", ".", ")", "." ]

[ "Protein_family_or_group", "Individual_protein" ]

actin - binding protein is a Protein_family_or_group, Sac6p is a Individual_protein, fimbrin is a Individual_protein

568_task1

Sentence: One such protein is the yeast actin-binding protein Sac6p, which is homologous to vertebrate fimbrin (Adams, A. E. M., D. Botstein, and D. G. Drubin. 1991. Nature (Lond.). 354:404-408.). Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: actin - binding protein, Sac6p, fimbrin Options: Individual_protein, Protein_family_or_group

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein_family_or_group", "I-Protein_family_or_group", "I-Protein_family_or_group", "I-Protein_family_or_group", "B-Individual_protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Individual_protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

One such protein is the yeast actin-binding protein Sac6p, which is homologous to vertebrate fimbrin (Adams, A. E. M., D. Botstein, and D. G. Drubin. 1991. Nature (Lond.). 354:404-408.).

[ "One", "such", "protein", "is", "the", "yeast", "actin", "-", "binding", "protein", "Sac6p", ",", "which", "is", "homologous", "to", "vertebrate", "fimbrin", "(", "Adams", ",", "A.", "E.", "M.", ",", "D.", "Botstein", ",", "and", "D.", "G.", "Drubin", ".", "1991", ".", "Nature", "(", "Lond", ".", ")", ".", "354:404", "-", "408", ".", ")", "." ]

[ "Protein_family_or_group", "Individual_protein" ]

actin - binding protein, Sac6p, fimbrin

568_task2

Sentence: One such protein is the yeast actin-binding protein Sac6p, which is homologous to vertebrate fimbrin (Adams, A. E. M., D. Botstein, and D. G. Drubin. 1991. Nature (Lond.). 354:404-408.). Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein_family_or_group", "I-Protein_family_or_group", "I-Protein_family_or_group", "I-Protein_family_or_group", "B-Individual_protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Individual_protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

One such protein is the yeast actin-binding protein Sac6p, which is homologous to vertebrate fimbrin (Adams, A. E. M., D. Botstein, and D. G. Drubin. 1991. Nature (Lond.). 354:404-408.).

[ "One", "such", "protein", "is", "the", "yeast", "actin", "-", "binding", "protein", "Sac6p", ",", "which", "is", "homologous", "to", "vertebrate", "fimbrin", "(", "Adams", ",", "A.", "E.", "M.", ",", "D.", "Botstein", ",", "and", "D.", "G.", "Drubin", ".", "1991", ".", "Nature", "(", "Lond", ".", ")", ".", "354:404", "-", "408", ".", ")", "." ]

[ "Protein_family_or_group", "Individual_protein" ]

eIF4 G is a protein, eIF4E is a protein, eIF3 is a protein

1.0alpha7.train.812_task0

Sentence: Our results support the former kinetic model where eIF4G binds to eIF4E independently of an interaction with eIF3 ( Figure 3). Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: protein

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Our results support the former kinetic model where eIF4G binds to eIF4E independently of an interaction with eIF3 ( Figure 3).

[ "Our", "results", "support", "the", "former", "kinetic", "model", "where", " ", "eIF4", "G", "binds", "to", " ", "eIF4E", "independently", "of", "an", "interaction", "with", " ", "eIF3", "(", " ", "Figure", "3", ")", "." ]

[ "protein" ]

eIF4 G is a protein, eIF4E is a protein, eIF3 is a protein

1.0alpha7.train.812_task1

Sentence: Our results support the former kinetic model where eIF4G binds to eIF4E independently of an interaction with eIF3 ( Figure 3). Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: eIF4 G, eIF4E, eIF3 Options: protein

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Our results support the former kinetic model where eIF4G binds to eIF4E independently of an interaction with eIF3 ( Figure 3).

[ "Our", "results", "support", "the", "former", "kinetic", "model", "where", " ", "eIF4", "G", "binds", "to", " ", "eIF4E", "independently", "of", "an", "interaction", "with", " ", "eIF3", "(", " ", "Figure", "3", ")", "." ]

[ "protein" ]

eIF4 G, eIF4E, eIF3

1.0alpha7.train.812_task2

Sentence: Our results support the former kinetic model where eIF4G binds to eIF4E independently of an interaction with eIF3 ( Figure 3). Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Our results support the former kinetic model where eIF4G binds to eIF4E independently of an interaction with eIF3 ( Figure 3).

[ "Our", "results", "support", "the", "former", "kinetic", "model", "where", " ", "eIF4", "G", "binds", "to", " ", "eIF4E", "independently", "of", "an", "interaction", "with", " ", "eIF3", "(", " ", "Figure", "3", ")", "." ]

[ "protein" ]

thrombocytopenic subjects with hepatitis C virus infection is a Participant_Condition, n = 1463 is a Participant_Sample-size, age ≥ 18 years is a Participant_Age, HCV infection is a Participant_Condition, include : having a HCV genotype 2 or 3 , being Central / South Asian , being White ( Caucasian or European heritage ) , increased weight , and increased spleen length is a Outcome_Physical, include : female gender , increased age , having a higher ALP plasma concentration , increased creatinine clearance , increased baseline lymphocytes count , and increased baseline platelet count is a Outcome_Physical

72138_task0

Sentence: Eltrombopag dose predictors in thrombocytopenic subjects with hepatitis C virus infection . This study aims to identify patient characteristics that predict effective eltrombopag dosage for the treatment of Hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) -related thrombocytopenia . Demographic , clinical and genetic data collected from thrombocytopenic patients ( n = 1463 , age ≥ 18 years ) with chronic HCV infection who were able to achieve a target platelet count of > 90 × 10 ( 9 ) /L following eltrombopag treatment . Patients were categorized into four groups ( 25 , 50 , 75 , and 100 mg ) based on the eltrombopag dose needed to achieve the target platelet count . Eltrombopag dose predictors were identified using a two stage approach . First , bivariate analysis , using anova for continuous variables and Chi-square test for categorical variables , was performed to identify possible predictors of eltrombopag dose ( P < 0.05 ) . Second , ordinal logistic regression with stepwise addition followed by backward deletion was then performed using predictors identified in bivariate analysis step to produce final model containing independent predictors at P < 0.05 . Ordinal logistic model identified several predictors of eltrombopag dose . Predictors of higher eltrombopag dose include : having a HCV genotype 2 or 3 , being Central/South Asian , being White ( Caucasian or European heritage ) , increased weight , and increased spleen length . Predictors of lower eltrombopag dose include : female gender , increased age , having a higher ALP plasma concentration , increased creatinine clearance , increased baseline lymphocytes count , and increased baseline platelet count . In conclusion , this study identified patient characteristics that predict effective eltrombopag dose for the treatment of HCV-related thrombocytopenia . Early selection of the optimal eltrombopag dose expedites the initiation of antiviral therapy . This is expected to improve the antiviral therapy outcome before the patient progress into liver decompensation . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Outcome_Physical, Participant_Age, Participant_Condition, Participant_Sample-size

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "B-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Eltrombopag dose predictors in thrombocytopenic subjects with hepatitis C virus infection . This study aims to identify patient characteristics that predict effective eltrombopag dosage for the treatment of Hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) -related thrombocytopenia . Demographic , clinical and genetic data collected from thrombocytopenic patients ( n = 1463 , age ≥ 18 years ) with chronic HCV infection who were able to achieve a target platelet count of > 90 × 10 ( 9 ) /L following eltrombopag treatment . Patients were categorized into four groups ( 25 , 50 , 75 , and 100 mg ) based on the eltrombopag dose needed to achieve the target platelet count . Eltrombopag dose predictors were identified using a two stage approach . First , bivariate analysis , using anova for continuous variables and Chi-square test for categorical variables , was performed to identify possible predictors of eltrombopag dose ( P < 0.05 ) . Second , ordinal logistic regression with stepwise addition followed by backward deletion was then performed using predictors identified in bivariate analysis step to produce final model containing independent predictors at P < 0.05 . Ordinal logistic model identified several predictors of eltrombopag dose . Predictors of higher eltrombopag dose include : having a HCV genotype 2 or 3 , being Central/South Asian , being White ( Caucasian or European heritage ) , increased weight , and increased spleen length . Predictors of lower eltrombopag dose include : female gender , increased age , having a higher ALP plasma concentration , increased creatinine clearance , increased baseline lymphocytes count , and increased baseline platelet count . In conclusion , this study identified patient characteristics that predict effective eltrombopag dose for the treatment of HCV-related thrombocytopenia . Early selection of the optimal eltrombopag dose expedites the initiation of antiviral therapy . This is expected to improve the antiviral therapy outcome before the patient progress into liver decompensation .

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[ "Outcome_Physical", "Participant_Condition", "Participant_Age", "Participant_Sample-size" ]