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english theologian richard holt hutton summarized the poem as tennyson 's friendly picture of the insatiable craving for new experience enterprise and adventure when under the control of a luminous reason and a self @@ controlled will the contemporary poet matthew arnold was early in observing the narrative irony of the poem he found ulysses ' speech the least plain the most un @@ homeric which can possibly be conceived homer presents his thought to you just as it wells from the source of his mind mr tennyson carefully <unk> his thought before he will part with it hence comes a heightened and elaborate air
despite the critical acclaim ulysses received its rise within the tennyson canon took decades tennyson did not usually select it for publication in poetry anthologies in teaching anthologies however the poem was usually included and it remains a popular teaching poem today its current prominence in tennyson 's oeuvre is the result of two trends according to tennyson scholar matthew rowlinson the rise of formal english poetry studies in the late nineteenth century and the victorian effort to articulate a british culture that could be exported he argues that ulysses forms part of the prehistory of imperialism a term that only appeared in the language in 1851 the protagonist sounds like a colonial administrator and his reference to seeking a newer world ( 57 ) echoes the phrase new world which became common during the renaissance while ulysses cannot be read as overtly imperialistic tennyson 's later work as poet laureate sometimes argues for the value of britain 's colonies or was accused of jingoism rowlinson invokes the marxist theorist louis althusser 's extension of the argument that ideology is ahistorical finding that tennyson 's poem comes before an ideological construction for which it nonetheless makes people nostalgic
= = = literary and cultural legacy = = =
in a 1929 essay t s eliot called ulysses a perfect poem an analogue of ulysses is found in eliot 's gerontion ( 1920 ) both poems are narrated by an aged man contemplating life 's end an excerpt from gerontion reads as an ironic comment on the introductory lines of ulysses
the italian poet giovanni pascoli ( 1855 1912 ) stated that his long lyric poem l <unk> <unk> was an attempt to reconcile the portrayals of ulysses in dante and tennyson with tiresias 's prophecy that ulysses would die a mild death off the sea pascoli 's ulysses leaves ithaca to retrace his epic voyage rather than begin another
ulysses remains much admired even as the twentieth century brought new interpretations of the poem professor of literature basil willey commented in 1956 in ' ulysses ' the sense that he must press on and not moulder in idleness is expressed objectively through the classical story and not subjectively as his own experience [ tennyson ] comes here as near perfection in the grand manner as he ever did the poem is flawless in tone from beginning to end spare grave free from excessive decoration and full of firmly controlled feeling in the fifteenth edition of bartlett 's familiar quotations ( 1980 ) nine sections of ulysses comprising 36 of the poem 's 70 lines are quoted compared to only six in the ninth edition ( 1891 )
many readers have accepted the acclaimed last lines of ulysses as inspirational the poem 's ending line has also been used as a motto by schools and other organisations us senator robert francis kennedy quoted the three last lines at the end of his speech on the mindless menace of violence in america a day after the assassination of martin luther king the final line is inscribed on a cross at observation hill antarctica to commemorate explorer robert falcon scott and his party who died on their return trek from the south pole in 1912
= the food album =
the food album is a compilation album by american singer @@ songwriter weird al yankovic released on june 22 1993 by scotti brothers records the release features ten of yankovic 's song parodies all of which pertain to food a similar album the tv album which features songs entirely about television would be released two years later
the album was begrudgingly released by yankovic who felt that the compilation was unnecessary and merely a way for his record label to make money several food @@ related songs that yankovic had recorded such as girls just want to have lunch and waffle king were left off the record although the former was due to personal preference while the latter was due to scheduling issues
the food album received mixed reviews from music critics many of whom felt that the record was an enjoyable collection of songs but that it was not an essential record to purchase despite the lukewarm reception the record was certified gold by the recording industry association of america ( riaa ) making it yankovic 's first and only compilation record to reach this certification
= = production = =
= = = music = = =
the music featured on the food album spans a decade with the earliest songs being recorded in 1982 and the most recent song being recorded in 1992 yankovic 's first eponymous album has two songs featured i love rocky road and my bologna both eat it and theme from rocky xiii ( the rye or the kaiser ) were culled from the 1984 release weird al yankovic in 3 @@ d addicted to spuds originally appeared on the 1986 release polka party and fat and lasagna were first featured on yankovic 's 1988 release even worse spam first was released on the soundtrack to the 1989 film uhf the final two songs the white stuff and taco grande were taken from the 1992 album off the deep end
notable for its absence is girls just want to have lunch from dare to be stupid ( 1985 ) yankovic 's only previously released food @@ related song not to make the album according to yankovic this is due to the fact there is a royalty ceiling on the albums and he needed to pick one song to cut from the list in order to turn a profit on the album girls just want to have lunch was chosen due to yankovic 's personal dislike of the song as his record label had forced him to record it in order to release dare to be stupid back in 1985 also absent from the release is waffle king the song had originally been recorded for off the deep end however yankovic decided to swap waffle king with i was only kidding a song he had actually recorded for his next album at the last minute this forced yankovic to shelve waffle king for the time being the song was later released on smells like nirvana single as well as yankovic 's eighth studio album alapalooza which was released four months after the food album
= = = release = = =
the album was released by scotti brothers records and was only begrudgingly approved by yankovic at the time scotti brothers had insisted on putting out a new album by yankovic in order to meet monetary projections for the fiscal quarter despite the fact that no new album was ready alapalooza would not be released until later in the year the original concept was to release a record entitled al unplugged which would have featured a cover depicting yankovic holding the cords for unplugged kitchen appliances but instead of being a live album featuring live performances it would have featured studio remixes of previously released material with the electronic instruments missing yankovic convinced them to release the food album instead a concept [ he ] hated only slightly less but would later describe it as a cheesy compilation put out against [ his ] better wishes and judgement
the tv album was released under similar circumstances in 1995 however when it came time to release the latter album yankovic reported that the record company was a whole lot nicer when they asked the second time and that there was more groveling [ and ] less demanding following the release of the food album and the tv album in addition to the various greatest hits records that had been released scotti brothers used @@ up all of their compilation options in yankovic 's contract which prevented the release of further compilations when volcano records acquired his contract in the late 1990s
= = = artwork = = =
the album artwork which features a cartoon alien after it has eaten yankovic was created by doug lawrence who is better known as mr lawrence an american voice actor comedian writer storyboard artist animator and director the grotesque cover was yankovic 's passive @@ aggressive protest against his label for forcing out the album yankovic intended the alien having picked the desiccated corpse of weird al clean to be a reference to his record label bleed [ ing ] his catalogue dry by releasing the album the japanese release of the album however featured much different artwork as well as a name change because there is no f in the japanese language the album was retitled the hood
= = reception = =
= = = critical response = = =
the food album has received mixed reviews from most critics many felt that while the album was amusing it was not an essential release allmusic reviewer johnny loftus awarded the album three out of five stars and wrote that the food album is an enjoyable bag of treats just don 't eat too much or you 'll probably get sick likewise the rolling stone album guide awarded the album three out of five stars anthony violanti of the buffalo news gave the album a moderately positive review and wrote that [ t ] here are two kinds of people in the world those who love weird al yankovic and those who can 't stand him count me among the weird one 's biggest fans and that 's why i flipped out when listening to the food album he concluded that the album was like reading mad magazine he gave the record three stars out of five tim <unk> of the press @@ telegram on the other hand wrote negatively of the album stating yankovic 's songs are the kinds of things that are sort of funny in concept less funny when you actually hear them once and increasingly irritating with each subsequent listen [ and ] his food songs are among his worst
= = = commercial performance = = =
upon release the food album failed to chart however it sold steadily on january 25 2006 more than ten years after its release the album was certified gold by the recording industry association of america ( riaa ) this makes it yankovic 's first and only compilation album to sell over 500 @@ 000 copies and be certified gold
= = track listing = =
= = certifications = =
= patriarchal cathedral of the holy ascension of god =
the patriarchal cathedral of the holy ascension of god ( bulgarian <unk> <unk> „ <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> „ sveto <unk> <unk> ) is a former eastern orthodox cathedral in the city of veliko tarnovo in north central bulgaria located on top of the fortified tsarevets hill in the former capital of the second bulgarian empire the cathedral was the seat of the bulgarian patriarch from its construction in the 11th 12th century to its destruction in 1393
standing on top of a late roman church the cathedral reconstructed in the 1970s and 1980s follows a cross @@ domed plan with a bell tower and a triple apse richly decorated on both the exterior and interior its internal walls now feature modern frescoes the presence of which has meant that it has not been reconsecrated though not active as a christian place of worship it has been open for visitors since 1985
= = history = =
the patriarchal cathedral of the holy ascension of god is not the first church building to occupy the position on top of the tsarevets hill it was constructed directly on top of a late roman ( early byzantine ) basilica which dates to the 5th 6th century ad the roman basilica may have remained in use by the local congregation during the first bulgarian empire though it was no longer active by the time the construction of the current church began
the current building of the patriarchal cathedral is considered by scholars to have been built in two stages the first stage of construction was carried out in the late 11th century or the 12th century the cathedral was initially built as a monastery church in the middle of a monastery compound though in the early 12th century it was already the seat of the bulgarian patriarch the compound suffered large @@ scale damage caused by a fire which necessitated the church 's reconstruction in middle of the 14th century perhaps during the rule of tsar ivan alexander of bulgaria ( r 1331 71 ) besides repair and reinforcement efforts work on the church in the 14th century also included the construction of the <unk> and the bell tower
there are several references to the cathedral in medieval sources the earliest reference to the church tells of the transfer of saint michael the warrior 's relics from the <unk> fortress to the patriarchal cathedral on the order of tsar kaloyan ( r 1197 1207 ) the housing of a warrior saint 's relics in the patriarchal cathedral signifies the incessant warfare against byzantines and latins that dominated kaloyan 's reign in the late 14th century the last patriarch of tarnovo saint evtimiy described the church as the great patriarch 's cathedral of the holy ascension in his writings
another possible reference to the church may be in a marginal note from 1358 to a copy of the acts of the apostles in the note the copyist one <unk> thanks god and the holy and most glorious ascension for having finished his work on the book scholar bistra nikolova believes this to be an allusion to the patriarchal cathedral which may have patronised the project alternatively the copy could have been made at the cathedral 's scriptorium where <unk> may have worked
the church is also depicted in the medieval sketch of tarnovo in the braşov <unk> a <unk> service book written in the mid @@ 14th century and then carried to kronstadt ( now braşov romania ) after the fall of bulgaria under ottoman rule
the patriarchal cathedral was destroyed after the ottomans captured the bulgarian capital after their siege of tarnovo on 17 july 1393 the church was fully reconstructed in the 20th century reconstruction works were carried out by a team under architect boyan <unk> these commenced in 1978 and were finished in 1981 to mark bulgaria 's 1300th anniversary however it was not until november 1985 when the contemporary murals were finished that the church was opened once again for visitors the church 's ruins have been protected as a national antiquity since 1927 in 1967 they were proclaimed an architectural monument of culture of national importance as part of the tsarevets architectural reserve it is also listed among the 100 tourist sites of bulgaria
= = location and architecture = =
the patriarchal cathedral of the holy ascension of god is located on top of the tsarevets hill overlooking the modern city of veliko tarnovo the church was part of a group of buildings which constituted the seat of the bulgarian patriarchate and acted as the city and the country 's main cathedral the patriarchate on tsarevets was a fortress of its own with two defensive towers and an entrance on its west wall the patriarchal cathedral stood in the middle of its courtyard
the patriarchal cathedral features a triple apse the central part of which matches the apse of the original basilica on the site the three @@ naved church follows the traditional byzantine cross @@ in @@ square design built out of crushed stones and mortar with limited brickwork it measures 26 by 12 metres ( 85 ft × 39 ft ) the cathedral includes two <unk> a bell tower and two other premises attached to the south church wall the presence of a bell tower is considered to be a rarity in balkan church architecture six columns support the interior and distinguish the altar from the cella ( naos ) it is unclear whether the church housed a <unk> ( stone benches for the clergy ) in the apse as there are doubts that its remains may actually be part of the older basilica
the church featured ample exterior and interior decoration while the facades were decorated with arches and ceramic tiles the interior floor mosaics were made of white yellow and pink marble as well as semi @@ precious gemstones like sapphire and porphyry the interior walls were covered with frescoes and mosaics however none of the interior decoration has survived during the church 's 20th @@ century reconstruction its interior was repainted by artist <unk> <unk> who depicted important moments of medieval bulgarian history in a modernist style due to these murals the church has never been reconsecrated and remains inactive the facade of the cathedral also includes a stone with a donor 's inscription of a bulgarian ruler which ended up as part of the building material
there are a total of four burial grounds in and around the church two of which are burials for priests one of the burial grounds is inside the <unk> where <unk> tombs were built in the 14th century besides michael the warrior 's relics the cathedral also housed the remains of bulgarian patriarchs joachim i <unk> and joachim iii
= daydream ( mariah carey album ) =
daydream is the fifth studio album by american singer and songwriter mariah carey released on october 3 1995 by columbia records the follow @@ up to her internationally successful album music box ( 1993 ) and holiday album merry christmas ( 1994 ) daydream differed from the two by leaning increasingly towards r & b and hip hop throughout the project carey collaborated with walter afanasieff with whom she wrote and produced most of her two previous albums with daydream carey took more control over the musical direction as well as the album 's composition carey said she considered daydream the beginning of her musical and vocal transformation a change that became more apparent in her sixth album butterfly ( 1997 ) during the album 's production carey endured many creative differences with her label and husband tommy mottola
on daydream carey collaborated with jermaine dupri for the first time and co @@ wrote and produced a song with kenneth babyface edmonds with whom she had collaborated on music box it was also the first time she had worked with boyz ii men an r & b group consisting of four male vocalists together they wrote the concept and lyrics for one sweet day a song that carey co @@ produced with afanasieff with his assistance and the addition of a few contemporary producers she was able to make a subtle transition into the r & b market daydream was nominated for six grammy awards at the 38th annual ceremony during which carey performed live due to the album 's critical and commercial success critics believed carey would be one of the night 's big winners however to her dismay she was completely shut out causing the subject to become very public and controversial she left the annual ceremony empty @@ handed
six singles were released from the album its lead single fantasy became the first single by a female artist to debut at number one on the us billboard hot 100 and went on to top the chart for eight weeks and became the second best @@ selling single of 1995 in the country the song topped the charts in australia canada and new zealand and became a top @@ five hit in finland france and the united kingdom the second single one sweet day topped the billboard hot 100 for sixteen weeks and became the longest @@ running number one single in american history a record it still holds it also topped the charts in canada and new zealand and peaked within the top five in australia france ireland and the netherlands jointly the singles from daydream spent a combined six months at the top of the hot 100 to promote daydream carey embarked on the short but successful daydream world tour visiting japan and europe
at the time of its release daydream became carey 's best @@ reviewed album critics universally praised her matured lyrics and songwriting as well as her musical direction the album became an international success debuting at number one in nine different countries and in the top five in almost every major music market daydream became carey 's second album to be certified diamond by the recording industry association of america ( riaa ) denoting shipments of ten million copies in the united states aside from its success in the united states the album made the top five of the best @@ selling albums in japan by a non @@ asian artist with 2 @@ 1 million copies sold daydream remains one of the best @@ selling albums of all time with 25 million copies sold worldwide
= = background = =
aside from being carey 's second highest worldwide seller daydream served as her most personal and directly influenced album at the time during the album 's recording carey grew as an artist as well as a writer for the first time in her career carey was able to make music that she truly related to r & b and hip hop while columbia allowed carey more leniency with the music she recorded they became hesitant when she featured ol ' dirty # # # # # # # in the remix for fantasy they feared the sudden change was completely left field for her music and worried it would jeopardize the album 's success in an interview with entertainment weekly carey openly spoke of her issues with columbia everybody was like ' what are you crazy ' they 're nervous about breaking the formula it works to have me sing a ballad on stage in a long dress with my hair up
while carey 's new musical direction caused tension between her and columbia it began to severely strain her relationship with her husband at the time tommy mottola mottola had always been involved in carey 's career because he was the head of sony music the parent company of her label since the time of carey 's debut mottola had controlled nearly every aspect of her career keeping her sound carefully regulated and insisting that she continue recording middle @@ of @@ the @@ road pop music despite her interest in hip hop
carey confessed that she never tried to change the situation because [ she ] used to be insecure and cautious and so [ she ] would listen to what the people said however the control mottola exerted over her career soon spilled into her personal life once they were married increasing the amount of conflict between the two soon it was obvious that their marriage was in shambles as stated in a vanity fair article the couple began to argue at the drop of a hat carey was very involved in the project more so than she had ever been on an album i went into this phase of recording recording recording and doing it really fast she told time this time i had more time and i focused more on what i wanted to do as carey 's career and work continued to reflect her views on how it should sound her marriage to mottola continued to deteriorate
= = conception and composition = =
one of the first songs that was recorded for the album was fantasy while carey began developing new ideas for daydream she thought of the song genius of love by tom tom club she had always been a fan of the song and presented dave hall with the idea of sampling the song 's hook hall incorporated a groove that he felt complimented carey 's voice while she composed some of the other beats and wrote the lyrics carey recorded a remix to the song as well featuring hip @@ hop verses from odb of the wu @@ tang clan as well as production from puffy she spoke highly of the remix complimenting puffy and odb he 's so known in the street and he 's one of the best people out there we kind of did what we both do and having odb took it to another level he was my ultimate choice so i was really happy with the way it turned out one sweet day was a song that carey wrote with the r & b group boyz ii men after carey 's friend and past collaborator david cole died she began writing and developing a song that would pay homage to him and all the friends and family her fans had lost along life 's journey carey had the chorus and concept composed and after meeting with boyz ii men they realized they too had a similar idea in development together using carey 's chorus and idea as well as the melody they had produced they wrote and composed the song it was produced by afanasieff who built on the song 's melody and added various grooves and beats carey expressed how the song was meant to be and how all the pieces fit into place
i wrote the initial idea for ' one sweet day ' with walter and i had the chorus and i stopped and said ' i really wanna do this with boyz ii men ' because obviously i 'm a big fan of theirs and i just thought that the work was crying out for them the vocals that they do so i put it away and said ' who knows if this could ever happen but i just don 't wanna finish this song because i want it to be our song if we ever do it together [ the ] whole idea of when you lose people that are close to you it changes your life and changes your perspective when they came into the studio i played them the idea for the song and when [ it ] finished they looked at each other a bit stunned and told me that nat nathan morris had written a song for his road manager who had passed away it had basically the same lyrics and fit over the same chord changes it was really really weird we finished the song right then and there we were all kinda flipped about it ourselves fate had a lot to do with that i know some people won 't believe it but we wouldn 't make up such a crazy story
while the album 's development was underway carey expressed interest in working with jermaine dupri whom she had been a fan of since his 1992 song jump soon after carey dupri and manuel seal began composing a song for the album as seal played the piano carey began humming and playing with certain notes in the b @@ section until she came up with the chorus for always be my baby after the rest of the song was written and composed carey recorded the song alongside longtime background singers kelly price <unk> price and melonie daniels together they built a wall of background voices in which she would cover with her final belting notes the song featured a downbeat rhythm while its composition was described as sassy and soft r & b which displayed a sexy and slow jam underneath the stars was the first song recorded for daydream the song featured a ' 70s soul vibe as well as synthetic record scratches in order to the give the song an authentic ' 70s sound carey felt the additions were simple steps taken to further display a contemporary r & b groove additionally she felt the song paid homage to the style of minnie riperton who was one of carey 's biggest vocal influences growing up the song had a soft sound and had a lot [ sic ] of texture and bass showing a more creative side to carey
for the album carey covered the 1982 journey song open arms the song was of carey 's personal choice as well as her own idea together with afanasieff they toned down the song 's arrangement making it a bit glossy especially in comparison to the raw and powerful ' one sweet day ' additionally with the help of her background singers carey added a touch of gospel to the song one of the more gospel @@ influenced songs on the album was i am free the song was created by carey afanasieff and loris holland with whom she had worked previously on merry christmas carey began humming the melody with the lyrics she had already written while holland played the organ and afanasieff worked on the song 's programming giving the song a genuine and unforced gospel feel the chorus was sophisticated and natural with each following line cascading onto one another something that would have proved difficult for a less skilled vocalist carey started leaning away from the standard celine dion ballad and more towards r & b jams however she was not going to completely abandon the type of songs that made her famous for this reason carey wrote when i saw you with afanasieff a song that would truly embody some of her earlier work as well as show off her powerful vocals returning to her r & b territory carey recorded long ago the second song she wrote alongside dupri and seal which contains a strong hip hop background her vocals in the song were described as sliding over the insistent bassline like silk
melt away was a song carey produced on her own and co @@ wrote with babyface the song 's writing and production were superb with each verse gliding into its chorus according to chris nickson underneath the stars was as strong as any slow jam released in the nineties and one that would find a lot of flavor late at night with dancers another song that brought back reminders of older decades was forever the throwback was featured through the chord changes and in the way the guitar arpeggios stayed at the forefront of the music the song displayed subtle vocals from carey as well as an undeniable richness daydream interlude ( sweet fantasy dub mix ) was one of the liveliest tracks on the album the song was a club remix of fantasy which was tuned and remixed by famed house music producer david morales the song was directed to be a dance @@ club song further broadening carey 's musical horizon the song incorporated carey 's vocals and added them to a thumping house beat something he would do for many of her future singles looking in was the final song on the album it was carey 's most personal song at the time one in which she let herself appear naked and stripped down it was written by her and afanasieff according to author chris nickson
[ the song ] reflected on her life now the changes she 'd gone through and the difference between the public perception of mariah carey and the real person intimate and revealing it made an appropriate end to the album and was evident that mariah was growing changing and becoming much more herself confident of who she was and what she could do
= = critical reception = =
daydream received universal acclaim at the time of its release reviews applauded the little changes of style from previous carey releases some of whom adding that it is her best record while others dismissed it as soulless and lacking of originality allmusic 's senior editor stephen thomas erlewine awarded the album four and a half out of five stars erlewine called daydream her best record yet and wrote mariah carey certainly knows how to construct an album positioning herself directly between urban r & b with tracks like fantasy and the adult contemporary radio format with songs like one sweet day a duet with boyz ii men carey appeals to both audiences equally because of the sheer amount of craft and hard work she puts into her albums daydream is her best record to date featuring a consistently strong selection of songs and a remarkably impassioned performance by carey daydream demonstrates that carey continues to perfect her craft and that she has earned her status as an r & b / pop diva in his review for the album ken tucker from entertainment weekly called daydream her best record since her 1990 debut writing in fact it 's easily the best collection carey has put out since her self @@ titled 1990 debut the album daydream most resembles in its emphasis on r & b grooves tucker specifically complimented one sweet day always be my baby forever and daydream interlude ( fantasy sweet dub mix ) writing one sweet day her collaboration with boyz ii men radiates a breezy sexiness that carey for all the brazen <unk> of her public persona rarely permits herself to reveal in song i like the relaxed swing of always be my baby and the brisk waltz tempo of forever however it 's on what many carey fans will probably find the most throwaway cut daydream interlude ( fantasy sweet dub mix ) that the singer really defines herself at her best as she is on this clipped spunky track carey is a disco diva for the ' 90s a worthy successor to trailblazing women like donna summer and vicki sue robinson r & b singers with an affinity for the endless groove
stephen holden editor of the new york times gave the album a positive review holden wrote the following regarding daydream ms carey 's songwriting has taken a leap forward becoming more relaxed sexier and less reliant on thudding cliches holden praised fantasy which he wrote with ' fantasy ' ms carey glides confidently into the territory where gospel @@ flavored pop @@ soul meets light hip @@ hop and recorded some of the most gorgeously spun choral music to be found on a contemporary album additionally he complimented one sweet day melt away always be my baby and underneath the stars calling them the best on the album people gave the album a positive review calling it her fourth and best album additionally people praised the album and its songs writing daydream vaults over its pop predecessors because the material is both funkier and mellower carey also has better control of her instrument her voice evincing greater muscularity and agility she still pours it on a little thick at times when it comes to fervor as on the midtempo ' melt away ' which carey co @@ wrote with babyface for the most part she buzzes from strength to strength from the bravura belting on ' one sweet day ' a duet with boyz ii men to the rich gospel feel of ' i am free ' which has a mood so churchy you can almost hear the ladies ' handheld fans snapping while the album was positively reviewed by critics carey 's cover of journey 's 1982 song open arms was universally panned stephen thomas erlewine criticized the song calling it second rate open arms received a negative review from stephen holden as well who called it a sobbing remake