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= = chart performance = =

daydream entered the billboard 200 at number one with 224 @@ 000 copies sold staying at the top spot the following week with 216 @@ 000 copies sold for a third consecutive week it topped the charts with 170 @@ 000 copies sold it gained power again in the upcoming weeks of holiday sales where it peaked in the year 's last weeks with 486 @@ 000 and 760 @@ 000 units sold at the pinnacle the album moved 760 @@ 000 copies during the christmas week of 1995 the album 's highest sales week it also reached number one on top r & b / hip @@ hop albums chart daydream was the second best @@ selling album of 1996 and the eighteenth best @@ selling album on the 1990s decade in the us in the united states daydream became carey 's best @@ selling album being certified diamond by the riaa ( riaa ) denoting shipments of ten million copies
in canada daydream peaked at number two on the charts and was certified seven @@ times platinum by the canadian recording industry association ( cria ) the album experienced success in europe where it reached number one in germany the netherlands switzerland and the united kingdom in france daydream peaked at number two and was certified double @@ platinum by the syndicat national de l 'édition phonographique ( snep ) sales in france are estimated at 800 @@ 000 copies daydream was certified triple @@ platinum by the international federation of the phonographic industry ( ifpi ) denoting shipments of three million copies throughout europe in 1996
in australia daydream was certified five @@ times platinum by the australian recording industry association ( aria ) denoting shipments of 350 @@ 000 copies the album finished ninth on the aria end of year charts in both 1995 and 1996 in japan the album debuted at number one on the oricon charts according to the oricon daydream made the top five of the best @@ selling albums in japan by a non @@ asian artist with 2 @@ 5 million copies sold daydream remains one of the best @@ selling albums of all time with sales of 25 million copies worldwide

= = singles = =

six singles were released from daydream fantasy was released as the album 's lead single on september 12 1995 the song debuted at number one on the billboard hot 100 making carey the first female artist and the second performer ever to accomplish the feat the song spent eight consecutive weeks atop the chart as well as topping the charts in australia canada and new zealand in europe fantasy performed well peaking within the top five in belgium finland france and the united kingdom fantasy was the second best @@ selling single of 1995 in the us with sales of 1 @@ 5 million in 95 ' alone one sweet day was chosen as the follow @@ up single achieving similar success the song once again debuted at the top of the us charts and became the longest running number one single in us history spending sixteen consecutive weeks atop the billboard charts the song became a success in other regions around the world as well topping the charts in canada and new zealand and peaked within the top five in australia france ireland and the netherlands serving as the album 's third single in select european countries open arms was released on december 5 1995 the song achieved success in the uk ireland and new zealand where it peaked at number four seven and eight however open arms charted weakly in other european countries such as belgium france and germany where it charted outside the top @@ thirty
always be my baby was released as the fourth single the song debuted at number two on the hot 100 failing to become carey 's third number one debut ( a feat she would accomplish with honey in 1997 ) the song eventually reached and stayed atop the charts for two weeks and then kept steady at number two for nine weeks always be my baby performed moderately in other major markets the song peaked within the top five in canada new zealand and the uk but charted outside the top @@ ten elsewhere forever was chosen as the fifth single from daydream the song was ineligible to chart in the hot 100 but managed to crack the top @@ ten on the hot 100 airplay chart forever charted well in canada where it peaked at number thirteen underneath the stars was chosen as the sixth and final single from the album described by carey as one of her favorite songs underneath the stars received a limited number of pressings in the us where it charted weakly on the billboard hot r & b / hip @@ hop songs

= = promotion = =

in order to promote the album carey embarked on her second head @@ lining tour originally she had not planned to tour due to the long travel times and hassle however after many requests from fans carey agreed to tour the tour reached japan and select european countries not visiting the united states this was possibly due to the mixed reception carey 's 1993 north american music box tour received three years prior the shows were all spaced apart giving carey time to rest her vocals it 's very strenuous to sing all my songs back to back but i 'm actually really looking forward to it many musicians joined carey for the tour including randy jackson who served as the musical director and played the bass dan shea on the keyboards vernon black playing the guitar gigi conway on the drums and percussion and music sequencing by peter michael and gary <unk> all of the musicians and background vocalists were under the supervision of walter afanasieff who played the piano and guided the production before embarking on her world tour in 1996 carey performed a sold @@ out show at madison square garden in 1995 the performance was filmed and released as a dvd titled fantasy mariah carey at madison square garden it became carey 's fourth video release
when the three japanese shows at the tokyo dome went on sale carey set a record after all 150 @@ 000 tickets sold out under three hours the shows became the fastest sellout in the stadium 's history breaking the previous record held by the rolling stones the shows in japan were a critical and commercial success with critics and fans raving about the show and carey 's vocals carey 's presence in asia in the 90s was unparalleled to any other international artist her international success and anticipation was even compared to the beatlemania in the 1960s in an interview with mtv carey spoke of how she felt performing in asia
first of all you 're in front of so many people that basically don 't speak your language it took a little getting used to but i think by the end of the show you know everybody started to kind of relax
for the show carey sang fourteen original songs including many of her biggest hits up until that point as well as many songs from daydream they included fantasy one sweet day open arms always be my baby forever and underneath the stars as well as hits from her previous studio efforts carey 's following shows in france germany the netherlands and the united kingdom were all sold @@ out as well receiving warm critical response during the span of the tour 's seven short dates carey had already begun working on concepts for her new album butterfly according to author marc shapiro carey 's european tour was truly a success in many aspects
the european tour mirrored the success of her shows in japan mariah 's appearances overseas were heartening experiences for the singer the popularity indeed mania surrounding her shows in these countries reached massive proportions the reception the concerts received reflected the fact that mariah 's music cut through race and language barriers and had struck at a universal emotional core with fans the tour cemented the fact that mariah carey had arrived as the performing centerpiece on the world stage
in addition to touring the world carey performed on a variety of television programs and award shows after fantasy was released in september throughout europe carey performed the song on the popular british chart show top of the pops which aired live via satellite on asian television carey performed fantasy in france and at the 23rd annual american music awards on january 29 1996 one sweet day was performed at the 38th annual grammy awards princess diana 's memorial service in september 1997 and at carey 's black entertainment television christmas special in 2001 during her european promotional tour for the album carey performed open arms on various television programs including wetten dass in germany top of the pops and des o 'connor in the united kingdom and on swedish television

= = awards and accolades = =

the music industry took note of carey 's success she won two awards at the 1996 american music awards for her solo efforts favorite pop / rock female artist and favorite soul / r & b female artist throughout 1995 & 1996 carey was awarded various prestigious awards at the world music awards including world 's best selling female r & b artist world 's best selling overall female recording artist world 's best selling pop artist and world 's best selling overall recording artist additionally fantasy was named song of the year at the bmi awards and favorite song at the blockbuster entertainment awards where carey also won the award for top pop female in 1996 carey won many awards at the billboard music awards including hot 100 singles artist of the year hot 100 airplay ( always be my baby ) hot adult contemporary artist of the year and special award for 16 weeks at # 1 for ' one sweet day '

= = = grammy controversy = = =

daydream was proven to be one of the best @@ selling and most acclaimed albums of 1995 when the grammy award nominees were announced and daydream was nominated for six different awards critics began raving how it would be cleaning up that year the 38th annual grammy awards were held on february 28 1996 at the shrine auditorium in los angeles carey being a multiple award nominee was one of the headlining performers together with boyz ii men she sang a live rendition of one sweet day to a very positive response however as the award winners were announced one by one carey watched as her name was not called up even once daydream had lost all of its six nominations shocking most critics who branded it the album of the year with every passing loss the television cameras continued to zoom on carey 's face who was finding it more difficult to retain her smile by the end of the night carey had not won a single award the disappointment on her face was painfully obvious while carey was nominated again the following year she did not perform again until the 2006 ceremony when she was nominated for eight awards ( winning three ) for the emancipation of mimi

= = music videos = =

carey directed the music video for fantasy additionally she chose the concept and created the idea the video featured carey in roller @@ blades blading through a theme @@ park while enjoying different rides and roller coasters the video then cut into scenes of carey dancing on top of a car celebrating an event with many friends carey said her inspiration for the video was to give off a free and open feeling trying to portray the freedom she had finally achieved in being allowed to direct her first video the video for fantasy debuted on september 7 at the mtv video music awards carey expressed how much she enjoyed the video 's filming speaking about the roller @@ coaster scenes
they did not expect me to get that shot they were saying ' how 's she going to sing on a roller coaster we put a little speaker on the bottom of the car where my feet where we built the rig in front of the roller coaster and the lens kept falling off
when carey and boyz ii men got together to record one sweet day they didn 't have enough time to re @@ unite and film a video for this reason a filming crew was present during the song 's recording and filmed bits of carey and boyz recording the song in an interview with fred bronson walter afanasieff made the following statements regarding the video for one sweet day
it was crazy they had film crews and video guys while i 'm at the board trying to produce and these guys were running around having a ball because mariah and them are laughing and screaming and they 're being interviewed and i 'm tapping people on the shoulder we 've got to get to the microphone they 're gone in a couple of hours so i recorded everything they did praying that it was enough
the video for always be my baby was once again filmed by carey it featured carey swinging on a swing in the middle of a dark meadow showing her frolicking through the woodlands the video was set as a peaceful and relaxing setting in order to try to reflect the sweet and mellow song 's message forever the album 's fifth single was the final song to be accompanied by a music video carey 's label used footage from her live performances of the song in new york city and japan and compiled them into a video on february 11 2012 carey revealed through her twitter account that a music video for underneath the stars was actually recorded filming sessions occurred in england and france carey commented however that it never got released and i don 't know where it is

= = track listing = =

notes
track listing and credits from album booklet
fantasy contains a sample of genius of love by tom tom club

= = album credits = =


= = charts = =


= = certifications = =



= leg before wicket =

leg before wicket ( lbw ) is one of the ways in which a batsman can be dismissed in the sport of cricket following an appeal by the fielding side the umpire may rule a batsman out lbw if the ball would have struck the wicket but was instead intercepted by any part of the batsman 's body ( except the hand holding the bat ) the umpire 's decision will depend on a number of criteria including where the ball pitched whether the ball hit in line with the wickets and whether the batsman was attempting to hit the ball
leg before wicket first appeared in the laws of cricket in 1774 as batsmen began to use their pads to prevent the ball hitting their wicket over several years refinements were made to clarify where the ball should pitch and to remove the element of interpreting the batsman 's intentions the 1839 version of the law used a wording that remained in place for nearly 100 years however from the latter part of the 19th century batsmen became increasingly expert at pad @@ play to reduce the risk of their dismissal following a number of failed proposals for reform in 1935 the law was expanded such that batsmen could be dismissed lbw even if the ball pitched outside the line of off stump critics felt this change made the game unattractive as it encouraged negative tactics at the expense of leg spin bowling
after considerable debate and various experiments the law was changed again in 1972 in an attempt to reduce pad @@ play the new version which is used to this day allowed batsmen to be out lbw in some circumstances if they did not attempt to hit the ball with their bat since the 1990s the availability of television replays and later ball @@ tracking technology to assist umpires has increased the percentage of lbws in major matches however the accuracy of the technology and the consequences of its use remain controversial
in his 1995 survey of cricket laws gerald brodribb states no dismissal has produced so much argument as lbw it has caused trouble from its earliest days owing to its complexity the law is widely misunderstood among the general public and has proven controversial among spectators administrators and commentators lbw decisions have sometimes caused crowd trouble since the law 's introduction the proportion of lbw dismissals has risen steadily through the years statistics reveal that the probability of a batsman being dismissed lbw in a test match varies depending on where the match is played and which teams are playing

= = definition = =

the definition of leg before wicket ( lbw ) is currently law 36 in the laws of cricket written by the marylebone cricket club ( mcc ) before a batsman can be dismissed lbw the fielding team must appeal to the umpire for the batsman to be adjudged lbw the ball if it bounces must pitch in line with the wickets or on the off side of the stumps then the ball must strike part of the batsman 's body without first touching his bat in line with the wickets and have been going on to hit the stumps the batsman may also be out lbw if having made no attempt to hit the ball with his bat he is struck outside the line of off stump by a ball that would have hit the wickets the umpire must assume that the ball would have continued on the same trajectory after striking the batsman even if it would have bounced before hitting the stumps however if the bowler delivers a no ball an illegal delivery the batsman cannot be lbw under any circumstances
a batsman can be out lbw even if the ball did not hit his leg for example a batsman struck on the head could be lbw however he cannot be lbw if the ball pitches on the leg side of the stumps ( outside leg stump ) even if the ball would have otherwise hit the wickets similarly a batsman who has attempted to hit the ball with his bat cannot be lbw if the ball strikes him outside the line of off stump however some shots in cricket such as the switch hit or reverse sweep involve the batsman switching between a right and left @@ handed stance this affects the location of the off and leg side which are determined by the stance the law explicitly states that the off side is determined by the batsman 's position when the bowler commences his run @@ up
according to mcc guidelines for umpires factors to consider when giving an lbw decision include the angle at which the ball was travelling and whether the ball was swinging through the air he must also account for the height of the ball at impact and how far from the wicket the batsman was standing from this information he must determine if the ball would have passed over the stumps or struck them the mcc guidance states that it is easier to make a decision when the ball strikes the batsman without pitching but that the difficulty increases when the ball has bounced and more so when there is a shorter time between the ball pitching and striking the batsman

= = development of the law = =


= = = origins = = =

the earliest known written version of the laws of cricket dating from 1744 does not include an lbw rule at the time batsmen in english cricket used curved bats which made it unlikely that they would be able to stand directly in front of the wickets however a clause in the 1744 laws gave umpires the power to take action if the batsman was standing unfair to strike cricket bats were modified to become straighter over the following years allowing batsmen to stand closer to the wickets subsequently some players deliberately began to obstruct the ball from hitting the wickets such tactics were criticised by writers and a revision of the laws in 1774 ruled that the batsman was out if he deliberately stopped the ball from hitting the wicket with his leg however critics noted that the umpires were left the difficult task of interpreting the intentions of batsmen the 1788 version of the laws no longer required the umpires to take account of the batsman 's intent now a batsman was lbw if he stopped a ball that pitch [ ed ] straight further clarification of the law came in 1823 when a condition was added that the ball must be delivered in a straight line to the wicket the ambiguity of the wording was highlighted when two prominent umpires disagreed over whether the ball had to travel in a straight line from the bowler to the wicket or between the wickets at either end of the pitch in 1839 the mcc by then responsible for drafting the laws of cricket endorsed the latter interpretation and ruled the batsman out lbw if the ball pitched in between the wickets and would have hit the stumps

= = = controversy and attempted reform = = =

in essence the lbw law remained the same between 1839 and 1937 despite several campaigns to have it changed an 1863 proposal to allow a batsman to be lbw if the ball hit his body at any point between the wickets regardless of where the ball pitched or whether it would hit the wicket at all came to nothing there were few complaints until the proportion of lbw dismissals in county cricket began to increase during the 1880s until then batsmen used their pads only to protect their legs their use for any other purposes was considered unsporting and some amateur cricketers did not wear them at all as cricket became more organised and competitive some batsmen began to use their pads as a second line of defence they lined them up with the ball so that if they missed with the bat the ball struck the pad instead of the wicket some players took this further if the delivery was not an easy one from which to score runs they attempted no shot and allowed the ball to bounce safely off their pads arthur shrewsbury was the first prominent player to use such methods and others followed criticism of this practice was heightened by the increased quality and reliability of cricket pitches which made batting easier led to higher scores and created a perceived imbalance in the game
several proposals were made to prevent pad @@ play at a meeting of representatives of the main county cricket clubs in 1888 one representative expressed the opinion that a batsman who defended his wicket with his body instead of with his bat should be punished the representatives supported a motion to alter the law to state that the batsman would be out if he stopped a ball that would have hit the wicket in contrast to the existing wording this took no account of where the ball pitched relative to the wickets further proposals included one in which the intent of the batsman was taken into account but no laws were changed and the mcc merely issued a condemnation of the practice of using pads for defence this reduced pad @@ play for a short time but when it increased again a second pronouncement by the mcc had little effect
further discussion on altering the law took place in 1899 when several prominent cricketers supported an amendment similar to the 1888 proposal the batsman would be out if the ball would have hit the wicket where it pitched was irrelevant at a special general meeting of the mcc in 1902 alfred lyttelton formally proposed this amendment the motion was supported by 259 votes to 188 but failed to secure the two @@ thirds majority required to change the laws a g steel was the principal opponent of the change as he believed it would make the task of the umpires too difficult but he later regretted his stance lyttelton 's brother robert supported the alteration and campaigned for the rest of his life to have the lbw law altered as evidence that pad @@ play was increasing and needed to be curtailed he cited the growing number of wickets which were falling lbw the proportion rose from 2 of dismissals in 1870 to 6 in 1890 and 12 in 1923 in 1902 the proposed new law was tried in the minor counties championship but deemed a failure an increase in the size of the stumps was one of several other rejected proposals at this time to reduce the dominance of batsmen over bowlers

= = = alteration to the law = = =

between 1900 and the 1930s the number of runs scored by batsmen and the proportion of lbw dismissals continued to rise bowlers grew increasingly frustrated with pad @@ play and the extent to which batsmen refused to play shots at bowling directed outside the off stump simply allowing it to pass by the english fast bowler harold larwood responded by targeting leg stump frequently hitting the batsman with the ball in the process this developed into the controversial bodyline tactics he used in australia in 1932 33 some batsmen began to go further and preferred to kick away balls pitched outside off stump reaching out to kick the ball instead of allowing it to hit their pads if they presented any threat knowing that they could not be dismissed lbw the authorities believed these developments represented poor entertainment value at the height of the bodyline controversy in 1933 donald bradman the leading australian batsman and primary target of the english bowlers wrote to the mcc recommending an alteration of the lbw law to create more exciting games
to address the problem and redress the balance for bowlers the mcc made some alterations to the laws the size of the ball was reduced in 1927 and that of the stumps increased in 1931 but the changes had little effect between 1929 and 1933 county authorities conducted a trial in which a batsman could be lbw if he had hit the ball onto his pads then in 1935 an experimental law was introduced in which the batsman could be dismissed lbw even if the ball pitched outside the line of off stump in other words a ball that turned or swung into the batsman but did not pitch in line with the wickets however the ball was still required to strike the batsman in line with the wickets the umpire signalled to the scorers when he declared a batsman out under the new rule and any such dismissal was designated lbw ( n ) on the scorecard
several leading batsmen opposed the new law including the professional herbert sutcliffe known as an exponent of pad @@ play and amateurs errol holmes and bob wyatt wisden cricketers ' almanack noted that these three improved their batting records during the 1935 season but batsmen generally were less successful there were also fewer drawn matches there was an increase in the number of lbws out of 1 @@ 560 lbw dismissals in first @@ class matches in 1935 483 were given under the amended law wisden judged the experiment a success and several of its opponents changed their mind by the end of the season batsmen soon became accustomed to the alteration although australian authorities were less convinced and did not immediately introduce the revision into domestic first @@ class cricket in 1937 the new rule became part of the laws of cricket
according to gerald brodribb in his survey and history of the laws the change produced more enterprising exciting cricket but any alteration in outlook was halted by the second world war when the sport resumed in 1946 batsmen were out of practice and the amended lbw law played into the hands of off spin and inswing bowlers who began to dominate county cricket the cricket historian derek birley notes that many of these bowlers imitated the methods of alec bedser an inswing bowler who was successful immediately after the war but that the resulting cricket was unexciting to watch the revised lbw law and other alterations in the game in favour of the bowler further encouraged such bowling the new law continued to provoke debate among writers and cricketers many former players claimed that the alteration had caused a deterioration in batting and reduced the number of shots played on the off side a 1963 report in the times blamed the law for reducing the variety of bowling styles the change has led to a steady increase in the amount of seam and off @@ spin bowling whereas in the early thirties every county had a leg spinner and an orthodox left arm spinner leg spinners at any rate are now few and far between walk on to any of the first @@ class grounds at any time tomorrow and the chances are that you will see the wicketkeeper standing back and a medium pace bowler in action there is little doubt that the game as a spectacle is less attractive than it was several critics including bob wyatt maintained that the lbw law should be returned to its pre @@ 1935 wording he campaigned to do so until his death in 1995 on the other hand bradman in the 1950s proposed extending the law so that batsmen could be lbw even if they were struck outside the line of off stump an mcc study of the state of cricket carried out in 1956 and 1957 examined the prevalent and unpopular tactic involving off @@ spin and inswing bowlers aiming at leg stump with fielders concentrated on the leg side rather than alter the lbw law to combat the problem the mcc reduced the number of fielders allowed on the leg side

= = = playing no stroke = = =

in the 1950s and 1960s the amount of pad @@ play increased owing to more difficult and unpredictable pitches that made batting much harder critics continued to regard this tactic as negative and unfair in an effort to discourage pad @@ play and encourage leg spin bowling a new variant of the lbw law was introduced initially in australia and the west indies in the 1969 70 season then in england for 1970 under the re @@ worded law a batsman would be lbw if a ball destined to hit the stumps pitched in line with the wickets or outside a batsman 's off stump and in the opinion of the umpire he made no genuine attempt to play the ball with his bat this revision omitted the requirement that the impact should be in line with the wickets but meant that any batsman playing a shot could not be out if the ball pitched outside off stump in contrast to the 1935 law the editor of wisden believed the change encouraged batsmen to take more risks and had produced more attractive cricket however the proportion of wickets falling lbw sharply declined and concerns were expressed in australia the australian authorities proposed a reversion to the previous law a batsman could once more be out to a ball that pitched outside off stump but a provision was added that if no stroke is offered to a ball pitching outside the off @@ stump which in the opinion of the umpire would hit the stumps but hits the batsman on any part of his person other than the hand then the batsman is out even if that part of the person hit is not in line between wicket and wicket the difference to the 1935 rule was that the batsman could now be out even if the ball struck outside the line of off @@ stump this wording was adopted throughout the world although it was not yet part of the official laws from 1972 and the percentage of lbws sharply increased to beyond the levels preceding the 1970 change the mcc added the revised wording to the laws of cricket in 1980 this version of the lbw law is still used as of 2013

= = = effects of technology = = =

since 1993 the proportion of lbws in each english season has risen steadily according to cricket historian douglas miller the percentage of lbw dismissals increased after broadcasters incorporated ball @@ tracking technology such as hawk @@ eye into their television coverage of matches miller writes with the passage of time and the adoption of hawkeye into other sports together with presentations demonstrating its accuracy cricket followers seem gradually to have accepted its predictions replay analyses have shown that a greater proportion of balls striking an outstretched leg go on to hit the wicket than had once been expected he also suggests that umpires have been influenced by such evidence their greater understanding of which deliveries are likely to hit the stumps has made them more likely to rule out batsmen who are standing further away from the stumps this trend is replicated in international cricket where the increasing use of technology in reviewing decisions has altered the attitude of umpires spin bowlers in particular win far more appeals for lbw however the use of on @@ field technology has proved controversial some critics regard it as more reliable than human judgement while others believe that the umpire is better placed to make the decision
the international cricket council ( icc ) responsible for running the game worldwide conducted a trial in 2002 where lbw appeals could be referred to a match official the third umpire to review on television replays the third umpire could only use technology to determine where the ball had pitched and if the batsman hit the ball with his bat the icc judged the experiment unsuccessful and did not pursue it more trials followed in 2006 although ball @@ tracking technology remained unavailable to match officials after a further series of trials in 2009 the umpire decision review system ( drs ) was brought into international cricket where teams could refer the on @@ field decisions of umpires to a third umpire who had access to television replays and technology such as ball tracking according to the icc 's general manager dave richardson drs increased the frequency with which umpires awarded lbw decisions in a 2012 interview he said umpires may have realised that if they give someone out and drs shows it was not out then their decision can be rectified so they might i suppose have the courage of their convictions a bit more and take a less conservative approach to giving the batsman out i think if we 're totally honest drs has affected the game slightly more than we thought it would
critics of the system suggest that rules for the use of drs have created an inconsistency of approach to lbw decisions depending on the circumstances of the referral opponents also doubt that the ball @@ tracking technology used in deciding lbws is reliable enough but the icc state that tests have shown the system to be 100 accurate the board of control for cricket in india ( bcci ) have consistently declined to use drs in matches involving india owing to their concerns regarding the ball @@ tracking technology early drs trials were conducted during india matches and several problems arose over lbws particularly as the equipment was not as advanced as it later became the bcci believe the technology is unreliable and open to manipulation

= = trends and perception = =

a study in 2011 by douglas miller shows that in english county cricket the proportion of wickets to fall lbw has increased steadily since the first world war in the 1920s around 11 of wickets were lbw but this rose to 14 in the 1930s between 1946 and 1970 the proportion was approximately 11 but subsequently increased until reaching almost 19 in the decade before 2010 miller also states that captains of county teams were statistically more likely to receive the benefit of lbw decisions less likely to be out lbw when batting and more likely to dismiss batsmen lbw when bowling for many years county captains submitted end @@ of @@ match reports on the umpires as umpires were professionals whose careers could be affected captains consequently received leeway whether batting or bowling before 1963 when the status was abolished in county cricket umpires were also more lenient towards amateur cricketers amateurs administered english cricket and offending one could end an umpire 's career elsewhere in the world lbws are more statistically likely in matches taking place on the indian subcontinent however batsmen from the subcontinent were less likely to be lbw wherever they played in the world
teams that toured other countries often became frustrated by lbws given against them there was often an assumption of national bias by home umpires against visiting teams several studies investigating this perception have suggested that home batsmen are sometimes less likely than visiting batsmen to be lbw however the data is based on lbw decisions awarded not on the success @@ rate of appeals to the umpire fraser points out that it is impossible to determine from these studies if any of the decisions were wrong particularly as the lbw law can have different interpretations or if other factors such as pitch conditions and technique were involved a 2006 study examined the effect that neutral umpires had on the rate of lbws although the reasons were again ambiguous it found that lbws increased slightly under neutral umpires regardless of team or location

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