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= cryosat @@ 2 =

cryosat @@ 2 is a european space agency environmental research satellite which was launched in april 2010 it provides scientists with data about the polar ice caps and tracks changes in the thickness of the ice with a resolution of about 1 @@ 3 centimetres ( 1 ⁄ 2 in )
cryosat @@ 2 was built as a replacement for cryosat @@ 1 whose rokot carrier rocket was unable to achieve orbit compared to its predecessor cryosat @@ 2 features software upgrades greater battery capacity and an updated instrument package its main instrument is an interferometric radar range @@ finder with twin antennas which measures the height difference between floating ice and open water
cryosat @@ 2 is operated as part of the cryosat programme to study the earth 's polar ice caps which is itself part of the living planet programme the cryosat @@ 2 spacecraft was constructed by eads astrium and was launched by isc kosmotras using a dnepr @@ 1 carrier rocket on 8 april 2010 on 22 october 2010 cryosat @@ 2 was declared operational following six months of on @@ orbit testing

= = background = =

the initial proposal for the cryosat programme was submitted as part of a call for proposals in july 1998 for earth explorer missions as part of the european space agency 's living planet programme it was selected for further studies in 1999 and following completion of a feasibility study the mission was authorised the construction phase began in 2001 and in 2002 eads astrium was awarded a contract to build the spacecraft a contract was also signed with <unk> to conduct the launch of the satellite using a rokot / briz @@ km carrier rocket
construction of the original spacecraft was completed in august 2004 following testing the spacecraft was shipped to the <unk> cosmodrome in august 2005 and arrived on 1 september the launch occurred from site 133 / 3 on 8 october however due to a missing command in the rocket 's flight control system the second stage engine did not shut down at the end of its planned burn and instead the stage burned to depletion this prevented the second stage and briz @@ km from separating and as a result the rocket failed to achieve orbit the spacecraft was lost when it reentered over the arctic ocean north of greenland
due to the importance of the cryosat mission for understanding global warming and reductions in polar ice caps a replacement satellite was proposed the development of cryosat @@ 2 was authorised in february 2006 less than five months after the failure

= = development = =

like its predecessor cryosat @@ 2 was constructed by eads astrium with its main instrument being built by thales alenia space construction and testing of the spacecraft 's primary instrument was completed by february 2008 when it was shipped for integration with the rest of the spacecraft in august 2009 the spacecraft 's ground infrastructure which had been redesigned since the original mission was declared ready for use construction and testing of the spacecraft had been completed by mid @@ september the project manager for the cryosat @@ 2 mission was richard francis who had been the systems manager on the original cryosat mission
cryosat @@ 2 is an almost @@ identical copy of the original spacecraft however modifications were made including the addition of a backup radar altimeter in total 85 improvements were made to the spacecraft when it was rebuilt

= = supporting measurements cryovex = =

it was clear from the beginning of the cryosat programme that an extensive series of measurements would be needed both to understand interaction of the radar waves with the surface of the ice caps and to relate the measured freeboard of floating sea ice with its thickness this latter in particular would have to take account of snow loading for sea ice which moves as it is blown by the wind it was also necessary to develop techniques which could give consistent results when measured from platforms travelling at different speed ( scientists on the surface helicopter @@ towed sounders aircraft @@ borne radars and cryosat itself ) a number of campaigns were performed under a programme called cryovex which aimed to address each of the identified areas of uncertainty these campaigns continued through the development of the original cryosat and were planned to continue after its launch
following the announcement that cryosat @@ 2 would be built the cryovex programme was extended experiments were conducted in antarctica to determine how snow could affect its readings and to provide data for calibrating the satellite in january 2007 the european space agency issued a request for proposals for further calibration and validation experiments further <unk> experiments were conducted on svalbard in 2007 followed by a final expedition to greenland and the devon ice cap in 2008 additional snow measurements were provided by the arctic arc expedition and the alfred wegener institute 's airborne synthetic aperture and interferometric radar altimeter system ( <unk> ) instrument mounted aboard a dornier do 228 aircraft

= = final preparations = =

when it was approved in february 2006 the launch of cryosat @@ 2 was planned for march 2009 it was originally planned that like its predecessor it would be launched by a rokot however due to a lack of available launches a dnepr @@ 1 rocket was selected instead isc kosmotras were contracted to perform the launch due to delays to earlier missions and range availability problems the launch was delayed until february 2010
the dnepr rocket assigned to launch cryosat @@ 2 arrived at the baikonur cosmodrome by train on 29 december 2009 on 12 january 2010 the first two stages of the rocket were loaded into the launch canister and the canister was prepared for transportation to the launch site on 14 january it was rolled out to site 109 / 95 where it was installed into its silo the next day saw the third stage transported to the silo and installed atop the rocket
following the completion of its construction cryosat @@ 2 was placed into storage to await launch in january 2010 the spacecraft was removed from storage and shipped to baikonur for launch it departed munich franz josef strauss airport aboard an antonov an @@ 124 aircraft on 12 january and arrived at baikonur the next day following arrival at the launch site final assembly and testing were conducted
during final testing engineers detected that the spacecraft 's x band ( nato h / i / j bands ) communications antenna was transmitting only a tiny fraction of the power that it should thermal imaging showed that the waveguide to the antenna deep inside the spacecraft was very hot clearly that was where the missing power was being dissipated the waveguide could not normally be inspected or repaired without major disassembly of the satellite which would have required a return to the facilities in europe and resulted in a major delay to the launch to avoid doing this a local surgeon was brought in to inspect the component with an endoscope the surgeon tatiana <unk> discovered that two pieces of ferrite were lodged in the tube and was able to remove both of them engineers were able to assist the removal of the second one with a magnet it was determined that the ferrite had come from an absorption load installed deep inside the antenna which was intended to improve its performance some ferrite ( the remaining stump of this load ) was removed from inside the base of the antenna in order to prevent any further debris falling into the waveguide
on 4 february the cryosat @@ 2 spacecraft was fuelled for launch then on 10 february it was attached to the payload adaptor and encapsulated in the payload fairing to form a unit known as the space head module this was transported to the launch pad by means of a vehicle known as the crocodile and installed atop the carrier rocket rollout occurred on 15 february and the next day the satellite was activated in order to test its systems following integration onto the rocket

= = launch = =

when the spacecraft was installed atop the dnepr launch was scheduled to occur on 25 february at 13 57 utc prior to this a practice countdown was scheduled for 19 february several hours before the practice was scheduled to begin isc kosmotras announced that the launch had been delayed and as a result the practice did not take place the delay was caused by a concern that the second stage manoeuvring engines did not have a sufficient quantity of reserve fuel
following the delay the space head module was removed from the rocket and returned to its integration building on 22 february whilst it was in the integration building daily inspections were made to ensure that the spacecraft was still functioning normally once the fuel issue had been resolved the launch was rescheduled for 8 april and launch operations resumed on 1 april the space head module was returned to the silo and reinstalled atop the dnepr following integrated tests the practice countdown was successfully conducted on 6 april
cryosat @@ 2 was launched at 13 57 04 utc on 8 april 2010 following a successful launch cryosat @@ 2 separated from the upper stage of the dnepr into a low earth orbit the first signals from the satellite were detected by a ground station at the <unk> space centre in malindi kenya seventeen minutes after launch

= = mission = =

cryosat @@ 2 's mission is to study the earth 's polar ice caps measuring and looking for variation in the thickness of the ice its mission is identical to that of the original cryosat
the primary instruments aboard cryosat @@ 2 are siral @@ 2 the sar / interferometric radar <unk> which uses radar to determine and monitor the spacecraft 's altitude in order to measure the elevation of the ice unlike the original cryosat two siral instruments are installed aboard cryosat @@ 2 with one serving as a backup in case the other fails
a second instrument doppler orbit and radio positioning integration by satellite or <unk> is used to calculate precisely the spacecraft 's orbit an array of <unk> are also carried aboard the spacecraft and allow measurements to be made from the ground to verify the orbital data provided by <unk>
following launch cryosat @@ 2 was placed into a low earth orbit with a perigee of 720 kilometres ( 450 mi ) an apogee of 732 kilometres ( 455 mi ) 92 degrees of inclination and an orbital period of 99 @@ 2 minutes it had a mass at launch of 750 kilograms ( 1 @@ 650 lb ) and is expected to operate for at least three years
launch and early orbit phase operations were completed in the morning of 11 april 2010 and siral @@ 2 was activated later the same day at 14 40 utc the spacecraft returned its first scientific data initial data on ice thickness was presented by the mission 's lead investigator duncan <unk> at the 2010 living planet symposium on 1 july later the same month data was made available to scientists for the first time the spacecraft underwent six months of on @@ orbit testing and commissioning which concluded with a review on 22 october 2010 that found the spacecraft was operating as expected and that it was ready to begin operations
the exploitation phase of the mission started on the 26 october 2010 under the responsibility of tommaso <unk> who is currently the mission manager

= = results = =

data from cryosat @@ 2 has shown 25 @@ 000 seamounts with more to come as data is interpreted


= german cruiser admiral scheer =

admiral scheer was a deutschland @@ class heavy cruiser ( often termed a pocket battleship ) which served with the kriegsmarine of nazi germany during world war ii the vessel was named after admiral reinhard scheer german commander in the battle of jutland she was laid down at the reichsmarinewerft shipyard in wilhelmshaven in june 1931 and completed by november 1934 originally classified as an armored ship ( panzerschiff ) by the reichsmarine in february 1940 the germans reclassified the remaining two ships of this class as heavy cruisers
the ship was nominally under the 10 @@ 000 long tons ( 10 @@ 000 t ) limitation on warship size imposed by the treaty of versailles though with a full load displacement of 15 @@ 180 long tons ( 15 @@ 420 t ) she significantly exceeded it armed with six 28 cm ( 11 in ) guns in two triple gun turrets admiral scheer and her sisters were designed to outgun any cruiser fast enough to catch them their top speed of 28 knots ( 52 km / h 32 mph ) left only a handful of ships in the anglo @@ french navies able to catch them and powerful enough to sink them
admiral scheer saw heavy service with the german navy including a deployment to spain during the spanish civil war where she bombarded the port of almería her first operation during world war ii was a commerce raiding operation into the southern atlantic ocean she also made a brief foray into the indian ocean during the operation she sank 113 @@ 223 gross register tons ( grt ) of shipping making her the most successful capital ship surface raider of the war following her return to germany she was deployed to northern norway to interdict shipping to the soviet union she was part of the abortive attack on convoy pq 17 and conducted operation wunderland a sortie into the kara sea after returning to germany at the end of 1942 the ship served as a training ship until the end of 1944 when she was used to support ground operations against the soviet army she was sunk by british bombers on 9 april 1945 and partially scrapped the remainder of the wreck lies buried beneath a quay

= = design = =

admiral scheer was 186 meters ( 610 ft ) long overall and had a beam of 21 @@ 34 m ( 70 @@ 0 ft ) and a maximum draft of 7 @@ 25 m ( 23 @@ 8 ft ) the ship had a design displacement of 13 @@ 660 t ( 13 @@ 440 long tons 15 @@ 060 short tons ) and a full load displacement of 15 @@ 180 long tons ( 15 @@ 420 t ) though the ship was officially stated to be within the 10 @@ 000 long tons ( 10 @@ 000 t ) limit of the treaty of versailles admiral scheer was powered by four sets of man nine @@ cylinder double @@ acting two @@ stroke diesel engines the ship 's top speed was 28 @@ 3 knots ( 52 @@ 4 km / h 32 @@ 6 mph ) at 52 @@ 050 shaft horsepower ( 38 @@ 810 kw ) at a cruising speed of 20 knots ( 37 km / h 23 mph ) the ship could steam for 9 @@ 100 nautical miles ( 16 @@ 900 km 10 @@ 500 mi ) as designed her standard complement consisted of 33 officers and 586 enlisted men though after 1935 this was significantly increased to 30 officers and 921 1 @@ 040 sailors
admiral scheer 's primary armament was six 28 cm ( 11 @@ 0 in ) sk c / 28 guns mounted in two triple gun turrets one forward and one aft of the superstructure the ship carried a secondary battery of eight 15 cm ( 5 @@ 9 in ) sk c / 28 guns in single turrets grouped amidships her anti @@ aircraft battery originally consisted of three 8 @@ 8 cm ( 3 @@ 5 in ) l / 45 guns though in 1935 these were replaced with six 8 @@ 8 cm l / 78 guns by 1940 the ship 's anti @@ aircraft battery was significantly increased consisting of six 10 @@ 5 cm ( 4 @@ 1 in ) c / 33 guns four twin @@ mounted 3 @@ 7 cm ( 1 @@ 5 in ) c / 30 guns and up to twenty @@ eight 2 cm ( 0 @@ 79 in ) flak 30 guns by 1945 the anti @@ aircraft battery had again been reorganized and comprised six 4 cm guns eight 3 @@ 7 cm guns and thirty @@ three 2 cm guns
the ship also carried a pair of quadruple 53 @@ 3 cm ( 21 @@ 0 in ) deck @@ mounted torpedo launchers placed on her stern the ship was equipped with two arado ar 196 seaplanes and one catapult admiral scheer 's armored belt was 60 to 80 mm ( 2 @@ 4 to 3 @@ 1 in ) thick her upper deck was 17 mm ( 0 @@ 67 in ) thick while the main armored deck was 17 to 45 mm ( 0 @@ 67 to 1 @@ 77 in ) thick the main battery turrets had 140 mm ( 5 @@ 5 in ) thick faces and 80 mm thick sides radar initially consisted of a fmg 39 g ( go ) set though in 1941 this was replaced with an fmg 40 g ( go ) set and a fumo 26 system

= = service history = =

admiral scheer was ordered by the reichsmarine from the reichsmarinewerft shipyard in wilhelmshaven naval rearmament was not popular with the social democrats and the communists in the german reichstag so it was not until 1931 that a bill was passed to build a second panzerschiff the money for panzerschiff b which was ordered as ersatz lothringen was secured after the social democrats abstained to prevent a political crisis her keel was laid on 25 june 1931 under construction number 123 the ship was launched on 1 april 1933 at her launching she was christened by marianne <unk> the daughter of admiral reinhard scheer the ship 's namesake she was completed slightly over a year and a half later on 12 november 1934 the day she was commissioned into the german fleet the old battleship hessen was removed from service and her crew transferred to the newly commissioned <unk>
at her commissioning in november 1934 admiral scheer was placed under the command of kapitän zur see ( kzs ) wilhelm marschall the ship spent the remainder of 1934 conducting sea trials and training her crew in 1935 she had a new catapult and landing sail system to operate her arado seaplanes on heavy seas installed from 1 october 1935 to 26 july 1937 her first officer was leopold <unk> later to become head of foreign intelligence in the third reich by october 1935 the ship was ready for her first major cruise when on 25 28 october she visited madeira returning to kiel on 8 november the following summer she cruised out through the skagerrak and the english channel into the irish sea before visiting stockholm on the return voyage

= = = spanish civil war = = =

admiral scheer 's first overseas deployment began in july 1936 when she was sent to spain to evacuate german civilians caught in the midst of the spanish civil war from 8 august 1936 she served together with her sister ship deutschland on non @@ intervention patrols off the republican @@ held coast of spain she served four tours of duty with the non @@ intervention patrol through june 1937 her official objective was to control the influx of war materiel into spain though she also recorded soviet ships carrying supplies to the republicans and protected ships delivering german weapons to nationalist forces during the deployment to spain ernst lindemann served as the ship 's first gunnery officer after deutschland was attacked on 29 may 1937 by spanish republican air force aircraft off ibiza admiral scheer was ordered to bombard the republican @@ held port of almería in reprisal on 31 may 1937 the anniversary of the battle of jutland admiral scheer flying the imperial war flag arrived off almería at 07 29 and opened fire on shore batteries naval installations and ships in the harbor on 26 june 1937 she was relieved by her sister ship admiral graf spee allowing her to return to wilhelmshaven on 1 july she returned to the mediterranean between august and october however in september 1936 kzs otto ciliax replaced marschall as the ship 's commanding officer

= = = world war ii = = =

at the outbreak of world war ii in september 1939 admiral scheer remained at anchor in the schillig roadstead outside wilhelmshaven along with the heavy cruiser admiral hipper on 4 september two groups of five bristol blenheim bombers attacked the ships the first group surprised the anti @@ aircraft gunners aboard admiral scheer who nevertheless managed to shoot down one of the five blenheims one bomb struck the ship 's deck and failed to explode and two detonated in the water near the ship the remaining bombs also failed to explode the second group of five blenheims were confronted by the alerted german defenses which shot down four of the five bombers admiral scheer emerged from the attack undamaged in november 1939 kzs theodor krancke became the ship 's commanding officer
admiral scheer underwent a refit while her sister ships set out on commerce raiding operations in the atlantic admiral scheer was modified during the early months of 1940 including the installation of a new raked clipper bow the heavy command tower was replaced with a lighter structure and she was reclassified as a heavy cruiser additional anti @@ aircraft guns were also installed along with updated radar equipment on 19 20 july raf bombers attacked admiral scheer and the battleship tirpitz though they failed to score any hits on 27 july the ship was pronounced ready for service

= = = = atlantic sortie = = = =

admiral scheer sailed in october 1940 on her first combat sortie on the night of 31 october she slipped through the denmark strait and broke into the open atlantic her b @@ dienst radio intercept equipment identified the convoy hx @@ 84 sailing from halifax nova scotia admiral scheer 's arado seaplanes located the convoy on 5 november 1940 the armed merchant cruiser hms jervis bay the sole escort for the convoy issued a report of the german raider and attempted to prevent her from attacking the convoy the convoy was ordered to scatter under cover of a smoke screen admiral scheer 's first salvo scored hits on jervis bay disabling her wireless equipment and steering gear shells from her second salvo struck the bridge and killed her commander edward <unk> admiral scheer quickly sank jervis bay but the delay allowed the majority of the convoy to escape the germans sank only five of the convoy 's 37 ships
on 18 december admiral scheer encountered and sank the refrigerator ship duquesa of some 8 @@ 651 long tons ( 8 @@ 790 t ) displacement the ship sent off a distress signal which the german raider deliberately allowed to draw british naval forces to the area krancke wanted to lure british warships to the area to draw attention away from admiral hipper which had just exited the denmark strait the aircraft carriers hms formidable and hermes the cruisers dorsetshire neptune and dragon and the armed merchant cruiser pretoria castle converged to hunt down the german raider but she eluded the british
between 26 december and 7 january admiral scheer rendezvoused with the supply ships nordmark and <unk> the auxiliary cruiser thor and the prizes duquesa and storstad the raiders transferred some 600 prisoners to storstad while they refueled from nordmark and <unk> between 18 and 20 january admiral scheer captured three allied merchant ships totalling 18 @@ 738 gross register tons ( grt ) including the norwegian oil tanker sandefjord she spent christmas 1940 at sea in the mid @@ atlantic several hundred miles from tristan da cunha before making a foray into the indian ocean in february 1941
on 14 february admiral scheer rendezvoused with the auxiliary cruiser atlantis and the supply ship <unk> about 1 @@ 000 nmi ( 1 @@ 900 km 1 @@ 200 mi ) east of madagascar the raiders resupplied from <unk> and exchanged information on allied merchant traffic in the area parting company on 17 february admiral scheer then steamed to the seychelles north of madagascar where she found two merchant vessels with her arado floatplanes she took the 6 @@ 994 grt oil tanker british advocate as a prize and sank the 2 @@ 456 grt greek @@ flagged grigorios a third ship the 7 @@ 178 grt canadian cruiser managed to send a distress signal before admiral scheer sank her on 21 february the raider encountered and sank a fourth ship the following day the 2 @@ 542 grt dutch steamer <unk> though she too was able to send a distress signal before she sank
the british cruiser hms glasgow which was patrolling in the area received both messages from admiral scheer 's victims glasgow launched reconnaissance aircraft that spotted admiral scheer on 22 february vice admiral ralph <unk> the commander of the east indies station deployed the carrier hermes and cruisers capetown emerald hawkins shropshire and the australian hmas canberra to join the hunt krancke turned to the south @@ east to evade his pursuers reaching the south atlantic by 3 march the british meanwhile had abandoned the hunt on 25 february when it became clear that admiral scheer had withdrawn from the area
admiral scheer then sailed northwards breaking through the denmark strait on 26 27 march and evading the cruisers fiji and nigeria she reached bergen norway on 30 march where she spent a day in the grimstadfjord a destroyer escort joined the ship for the voyage to kiel which they reached on 1 april in the course of her raiding operation she had steamed over 46 @@ 000 nautical miles ( 85 @@ 000 km ) and sank seventeen merchant ships for a total of 113 @@ 223 grt she was by far the most successful german capital ship commerce raider of the entire war after returning to germany krancke left the ship and was replaced by kzs wilhelm meendsen @@ bohlken in june 1941 the loss of the battleship bismarck in may 1941 and more importantly the royal navy 's destruction of the german supply ship network in the aftermath of the bismarck operation forced a planned atlantic raiding operation for admiral scheer and her sister lützow at the end of 1941 to be abandoned on 4 8 september admiral scheer was briefly moved to oslo there on 5 and 8 september no 90 squadron raf equipped with boeing b @@ 17 flying fortress bombers mounted a pair of unsuccessful attacks on the ship on 8 september the ship left oslo and returned to swinemünde

= = = = deployment to norway = = = =

on 21 february 1942 admiral scheer the heavy cruiser prinz eugen and the destroyers z4 richard beitzen z5 paul jakobi z25 z7 hermann schoemann and z14 friedrich ihn steamed to norway after stopping briefly in grimstadfjord the ships proceeded on to trondheim on 23 february the british submarine trident torpedoed prinz eugen causing serious damage the first operation in norway in which admiral scheer took part was operation rösselsprung in july 1942 on 2 july the ship sortied as part of the attempt to intercept arctic convoy pq @@ 17 admiral scheer and lützow formed one group while tirpitz and admiral hipper composed another while en route to the rendezvous point lützow and three destroyers ran aground forcing the entire group to abandon the operation admiral scheer was detached to join tirpitz and admiral hipper in altafjord the british detected the german departure and ordered the convoy to scatter aware that surprise had been lost the germans broke off the surface attack and turned the destruction of pq @@ 17 over to the u @@ boats and luftwaffe twenty @@ four of the convoy 's thirty @@ five transports were sunk
in august 1942 she conducted operation wunderland a sortie into the kara sea to interdict soviet shipping and attack targets of opportunity the length of the mission and the distances involved precluded a destroyer escort for the operation three destroyers would escort admiral scheer until they reached novaya zemlya at which point they would return to norway two u @@ boats u @@ 251 and u @@ 456 patrolled the kara gate and the <unk> strait the germans originally intended to send admiral scheer with her sister ship lützow but since the latter had run aground the previous month she was unavailable for the operation
the operational plan called for strict radio silence to ensure surprise could be maintained this required meendsen @@ bohlken to have total tactical and operational control of his ship shore @@ based commands would be unable to direct the mission on 16 august admiral scheer and her destroyer escort left narvik on a course to pass to the north of novaya zemlya upon entering the kara sea she encountered heavy ice in addition to searching for merchant shipping the arado floatplane was used to scout paths through the ice fields on 25 august she encountered the soviet icebreaker <unk> admiral scheer sank the icebreaker but not before she sent a distress signal the german ship then turned south and two days later arrived off the port of <unk> admiral scheer damaged two ships in the port and shelled harbor facilities meendsen @@ bohlken considered sending a landing party ashore but firing from soviet shore batteries convinced him to abandon the plan after breaking off the bombardment meendsen @@ bohlken decided to return to narvik she reached port on 30 august without having achieved any significant successes
on 23 october admiral scheer tirpitz and the destroyers z4 richard beitzen z16 friedrich eckoldt z23 z28 and z29 left bogen bay and proceeded to trondheim there tirpitz stopped for repairs while admiral scheer and z28 continued on to germany fregattenkapitän ernst gruber served as the ship 's acting commander at the end of november in december 1942 admiral scheer returned to wilhelmshaven for major overhaul where she was attacked and slightly damaged by raf bombers consequently admiral scheer moved to the less exposed port of swinemünde in february 1943 kzs richard rothe @@ roth took command of the ship until the end of 1944 admiral scheer was part of the fleet training group

= = = = return to the baltic = = = =

kzs ernst @@ ludwig <unk> the ship 's final commander took command of admiral scheer in april 1944 on 22 november 1944 admiral scheer the destroyers z25 and <unk> and the 2nd torpedo boat flotilla relieved the cruiser prinz eugen and several destroyers supporting german forces fighting the soviets on the island of ösel in the baltic the soviet air force launched several air attacks on the german forces all of which were successfully repelled by heavy anti @@ aircraft fire the ship 's arado floatplane was shot down however on the night of 23 24 november the german naval forces completed the evacuation of the island in all 4 @@ 694 troops were evacuated from the island
in early february 1945 admiral scheer stood off samland with several torpedo boats in support of german forces fighting soviet advances on 9 february the ships began shelling soviet positions between 18 and 24 february german forces launched a local counterattack admiral scheer and the torpedo boats provided artillery support targeting soviet positions near <unk> and gross @@ <unk> the german attack temporarily restored the land connection to königsberg the ship 's guns were badly worn out by march and in need of repair on 8 march admiral scheer departed the eastern baltic to have her guns relined in kiel she carried 800 civilian refugees and 200 wounded soldiers an uncleared minefield prevented her from reaching kiel and so she unloaded her passengers in swinemünde despite her worn @@ out gun barrels the ship then shelled soviet forces outside kolberg until she used up her remaining ammunition

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