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advanced search
Category: Organizations > Wildlife > Endangered Animals
California Planning
"The Planning and Conservation League has been instrumental in the passage of every major piece of environmental legislation in California." - resolution of the California Legislature
Ratings/Review of this resource:
Phone: (916)444-8726
Fax: (916)448-1789
E-Mail: pclmail@quiknet.com
Website: http://www.pcl.org/pcl
Detailed Information:
The California Planning and Conservation League (PCL) is a 31 year old, non- profit, charitable organization which acts as a statewide alliance of citizens and conservation organizations, united to protect and restore the quality of California`s environment through legislative and administrative action.
Resources that may be related:
Home | Site Map | About EnviroLink | Advanced Search | Suggest a Resource
All content on this website is governed by a Creative Commons license.
This site powered by WebDNA
Community Information Systems provided by Rhiza Labs
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User Profile
Name: Beverley Darkin
Member Since: July 2nd, 2007
Member Name: Beverley.darkin
Biography:
Beverley Darkin is a Senior Research Fellow in the Energy, Environment and Development Program at Chatham House.
Expertise
• International climate change policy and politics, including the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Kyoto Protocol and G8 negotiations
• UK and EU climate policy, particularly governance/institutional issues
• EU-China energy and climate security
• Climate change, foreign policy and security
Projects
• EU-China interdependencies on energy and climate security (forthcoming)
• EU and international leadership on climate change
• Climate change, foreign policy and security
• UK national implementation
Experience
• 2005-Present: Senior Research Fellow, Climate Change, Chatham House
• 2003-2005: Second Secretary (Environment Attaché), British Embassy, Athens
• 1999-2002: Policy Officer, Climate Change Team, Foreign and Commonwealth Office
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Changes related to "Template:African American"
From FamilySearch Wiki
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Georgia (state)Edit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
Revision as of 20:54, 15 November 2010 by Idharpers (Talk | contribs)
This article is about the southern U.S. state. For the Eurasian country, see Georgia (country).
News and Events
Key Topics
Other Topics
Moderator
United States Georgia
Welcome to Georgia, The Peach State
Carving at Stone Mountain, GA.
Contents
Did You Know?
Counties
There are 159 counties in Georgia:
Extinct or Renamed Counties:
Campbell | Cass | Kinchafoonee | Milton
Extinct Parishes:
Christ Church | St. Andrew | St. David | St. George | St. James | St. John | St. Mary | St. Matthew | St. Patrick | St. Paul | St. Phillip | St. Thomas
Major Repositories
Georgia State Archives · Georgia Genealogical Society · Georgia Historical Society · Atlanta History Center · Atlanta Public Library · Salzburger Society · National Archives Southeast Region (Atlanta) · Allen County Public Library
Migration Routes
Augusta-St. Augustine Road · Augusta-Savannah Road · Coosa-Tugaloo Indian Path · Fall Line Road · Federal Horse Path · Georgia Road · Great Valley Road · King's Highway · Macon-Montgomery Road · Old Trading Path · Upper Road
Research Tools
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Jamestown, Rhode IslandEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
Revision as of 05:32, 27 February 2013 by Fritty (Talk | contribs)
United States Rhode Island Newport County Jamestown
Contents
Brief History
Historical Data
Town Histories
Vital Records
Probate Records
City Directories
Maps
Cemeteries
Churches
Land Records
Town Records
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Adjacent towns:
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Las Vegas Nevada FSL/Class Schedule
From FamilySearch Wiki
(Difference between revisions)
Line 22: Line 22:
*[https://www.sugarsync.com/pf/D6222706_630_6544730554 Classes February 2012]
*[https://www.sugarsync.com/pf/D6222706_630_6544730554 Classes February 2012]
*[https://www.sugarsync.com/pf/D6222706_630_6669570847 Classes March 2012]
+
*[https://www.sugarsync.com/pf/D6222706_630_6695632435 Classes March 2012]
Revision as of 15:29, 26 February 2012
Contents
Las Vegas FamilySearch Library
509 South 9th Street, Las Vegas, Nevada 702-382-9695 nv_lasvegas@ldsmail.net
Hours
• Mon, Fri, Sat: 9:00 a.m to 5:00 p.m
• Tue-Thu: 9:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m.
Home
Group Visits
Contact Information
Holiday Schedule
Handouts and Classes
Training
Resources
Services
Local Resources & Newsletters
Links
Volunteer
Please call ahead to reserve your spot 382-9695
We are just getting started, check back at regularly for updates of new classes that will be added.
Handouts
Classes for 2012
Click on the hyperlink below. It will open in a new window allowing you to download the PDF file to print or save on your computer.
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file operations...
Go4Expert Member
16Jan2007,14:23 #1
hello friends,
i want to search a string in a file and replace that with the other string ?? can anyone gimme a code for this....
thanks...
Team Leader
16Jan2007,19:08 #2
By far the easiest method (presuming that the replacement may be longer) is to read the file up to the string, writing it to a temp file in the process, put the replacement string in the temp file, copy the remainder to the temp file, delete the original, and rename the temp with the original name. Editing a file "in place" is not a trivial undertaking unless you get into raw file handling instead of using the OS.
Contributor
16Jan2007,22:29 #3
You might want to cosider doing this in Perl. It will be far easier than in C/C++.
Team Leader
17Jan2007,11:19 #4
I would say, just as a personal observation, that when a person is seeking solutions for a particular language, they are not extremely interested in being directed to use another. Difficulty in understanding a particular part of a language is not often best attacked by throwing in the towel and switching to Perl, Python, or Haskell, despite their sometimes easier approaches, via added abstractions.
Go4Expert Member
17Jan2007,11:42 #5
thanks DaWei,
i have done that part what u told..i.e. copying that to a sting and replacing there and then fwrite() to the original file... but how can i do that without copying ???
and one more thing.. sorry if it is silly.. i cant see the threads started by me !!!!! what to do for this... thats y by mistake have posted the thread twice....
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Bibliography: The Grey Horse
You are not logged in. If you create a free account and sign in, you will be able to customize what is displayed.
Review of: The Grey Horse
Book Author: R. A. MacAvoy
Reviewer: Baird Searles
Year: 1987
Type: REVIEW
Select 2 publications to diff:
Copyright (c) 1995-2011 Al von Ruff.
ISFDB Engine - Version 4.00 (04/24/06)
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Publication Listing
You are not logged in. If you create a free account and sign in, you will be able to customize what is displayed.
Cover art supplied by Galactic Central
Contents (view Concise Listing)
Verification Status
Reference Status
Primary Verified by Rtrace on 2012-12-08 15:46:08
Clute/Nicholls Not Verified
Clute/Grant Not Verified
Contento1 (anth/coll) Not Verified
Locus1 Not Verified
Reginald1 Not Verified
Reginald3 Not Verified
Tuck Not Verified
Miller/Contento Not Verified
Bleiler1 (Gernsback) Not Verified
Currey Not Verified
Primary (Transient) Not Verified
Bleiler78 Not Verified
OCLC/Worldcat Not Verified
Primary2 Not Verified
Primary3 Not Verified
Primary4 Not Verified
Primary5 Not Verified
Copyright (c) 1995-2011 Al von Ruff.
ISFDB Engine - Version 4.00 (04/24/06)
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Bibliography: Sweet Dreams, Melissa
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Title: Sweet Dreams, Melissa
Author: Stephen Goldin
Year: 1968
Type: SHORTFICTION
Storylen: shortstory
Language: English
ISFDB Record Number: 52250
User Rating: This title has fewer than 5 votes. VOTE
Current Tags: None Add Tags
Variant Titles:
Publications:
Copyright (c) 1995-2011 Al von Ruff.
ISFDB Engine - Version 4.00 (04/24/06)
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clienta ae, f
cliens, a female client, H.
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[476] spirited skirmishing, with slight cannonading, continuing throughout the day. This was kept up, with varying intensity and but little interruption, until the period of our evacuation. Hills, commanding and encircling the town within easy cannon range, offered favorable sites for batteries. A cross fire of shot and shell reached all parts of the town, showing the position to be entirely untenable against a powerful artillery.
On the eleventh I telegraphed the President:
If the position and works were not bad, want of stores, which could not be collected, would make it impossible to stand a siege. If the enemy will not attack, we must, or at the last moment withdraw. We cannot attack seriously without risking the army.
On the twelfth, besides the usual skirmishing, there was a heavy cannonade from the batteries near the Canton and south of the Clinton roads. The missiles reached all parts of the town. An assault, though not a vigorous one, was also made on General Breckinridge's line. It was quickly repelled, however, principally by the direct fire of Cobb's and Slocum's batteries, and flank attack of the skirmishers of the First, Third, and Fourth Florida, and Forty-seventh Georgia regiments. The enemy's loss was two hundred prisoners, nearly the same number killed, many wounded, and the colors of the Twenty-eighth, Forty-first, and Fifty-third Illinois regiments.
By the thirteenth, the enemy had extended his lines, until both his flanks rested on Pearl River.
I telegraphed the President on the fourteenth, that a large force lately left Vicksburgh to turn us on the north. This will compel us to abandon Jackson. The troops before us have been intrenching and constructing batteries since their arrival.
On the fifteenth I telegraphed the President:
The enemy is evidently making a siege which we cannot resist. It would be madness to attack him. The remainder of the army, under Grant, at Vicksburgh, is, beyond doubt, on its way to this place.
On the sixteenth of July information was received that a large train from Vicksburgh, loaded with ammunition, was near the enemy's camp. This, and the condition of their batteries, made it probable that Sherman would, on the next day, concentrate upon us the fire of near by two hundred guns. It was also reported that the enemy had crossed Pearl River in the rear of their left flank. The evacuation of Jackson that night was, therefore, determined on.
Our withdrawal was effected on the night of the sixteenth. All public property, and the sick and wounded, except a few not in a condition to be moved, had been previously carried to the rear. The right wing retired toward Brandon by the new Brandon road, and the left wing by the old Brandon road. The cavalry remained to destroy the bridges over Pearl River, and observe the enemy. The evacuation was not discovered by the enemy until the next day.
Our loss during the siege was estimated at seventy-one killed, five hundred and four wounded, and about twenty-five missing. The army retired by easy marches to Morton, distant about thirty-five miles from Jackson. Desertions during the siege and on the march were, I regret to say, frequent. Two divisions of the enemy, with cavalry, drove our cavalry through Brandon on the nineteenth, returning to Jackson the next day. Their object seemed to be to destroy the railroad bridges and depots.
Colonel J. L. Logan, commanding a mounted force around Port Hudson, reported three successful engagements with detachments of the enemy.
On the twelfth of July I received information from Colonel Logan of the surrender of Port Hudson on the ninth. Subsequently the report of Major Jackson, Assistant Adjutant-General, was received, informing me of the surrender. That officer stated that provisions were exhausted, and that the position of the enemy rendered it impossible for the garrison to cut its way out. But two thousand five hundred of the garrison were fit for duty at the time of surrender.
The enemy advanced against Yazoo City, both by land and water, on the thirteenth. The attack by the gunboats was handsomely repulsed by our heavy battery, under the command of Commander Isaac N. Brown, of the navy. The De Kalb, the flag-ship of the hostile squadron, an iron-clad, mounting thirteen guns, was sunk by a torpedo. To the force advancing by land no resistance was made by the garrison, commanded by Colonel Greasman, of the Twenty-ninth North-Carolina regiment.
[Here follows a review of some minor points in the orders, and General Johnston then proceeds.]
The time to strike the enemy, with the best hope of saving Vicksburgh, was when he was landing near Bruinsburgh. To do this with any prospect of success, a rapid concentration of all the forces should have been made and an attack. Under this conviction I telegraphed to General Pemberton, on May first, from Tullahoma: “If Grant's army lands on this side of the river, the safety of Mississippi depends on beating him. For that object you should unite your whole force.” And again, on May second: “If Grant crosses, unite the whole force to beat him; success will give back what was abandoned to win it.”
These instructions were neglected, and time was given to Grant to gain a foothold in the State. At Ports Gibson and Raymond detachments of our troops were defeated and driven back by overwhelming numbers of the enemy.
On the thirteenth, when I learned that there were four divisions of the enemy at Clinton, distant twenty miles from the main body of General Pemberton's forces, I gave him orders to attack them, and notified him that we could cooperate. This order General Pemberton disobeyed, and so reported to me in his letter of the seventeenth. It directed him to move twenty miles to the east, to cooperate with me in attacking Sherman. He
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Reducing agent
Jump to: navigation, search
A reducing agent (also called a reductant or reducer) is the element or a compound in a redox (reduction-oxidation) reaction (see electrochemistry) that reduces another species. In doing so, it becomes oxidized, and is therefore the electron donor in the redox. For example consider the following reaction:
[Fe(CN)6]4- + 1/2 Cl2 → [Fe(CN)6]3- + Cl
The reducing agent in this reaction is ferrocyanide: it donates an electron, converting to ferricyanide, simultaneous with the reduction of chlorine to chloride.
In organic chemistry, reduction refers to the addition of hydrogen to a molecule. For example, benzene is reduced to cyclohexane in the presence of a platinum catalyst:
C6H6 + 3 H2 → C6H12
In organic chemistry, good reducing agents are reagents that deliver H2.
Contents
What makes a strong reducing agent?
Strong reducing agents easily lose (or donate) electrons. Atoms with relatively large atomic radii tend to be better reductants. In such species, the distance from the nucleus to the valence electrons is so long that these electrons are not strongly attracted. These elements tend to be strong reducing agents. Good reducing agents tend to consist of atoms with a low electronegativity, the ability of an atom or molecule to attract bonding electrons1, and relatively small ionization energies serve as good reducing agents too. "The measure of a material to oxidize or lose electrons is known as its oxidation potential"2. The table below shows a few reduction potentials that could easily be changed to oxidation potential by simply changing the sign. Reducing agents can be ranked by increasing strength by ranking their oxidation potentials. The reducing agent will be the strongest when it has a more positive oxidation potential and will be a weak reducing agent whenever it has a negative oxidation potential. The following table provides the reduction potentials of the indicated reducing agent at 25° C. Also remember the useful mnemonic devices, "OIL RIG," which means Oxidation Is Loss (of electrons) and Reduction Is Gain (of electrons), or "LEO the lion says GER," which means Loss of Electrons is Oxidation and Gain of Electrons is Reduction.
Oxidizing AgentReducing AgentReduction Potential (v)
Li+ + e- =Li-3.04
Na+ + e- =Na-2.71
Mg2+ + 2e- =Mg-2.38
Al3+ + 3e- =Al-1.66
2H2O(l) + 2e- = H2(g) + 2OH - -0.83
Cr3+ + 3e- =Cr-0.74
Fe2+ + 2e- =Fe-0.41
2H+ + e- =H20.00
Sn4+ + 2e- =Sn2++0.15
Cu2+ + e- =Cu++0.16
Ag+ + e- =Ag+0.80
Br2 + 2e- =2Br-+1.07
Cl2 + 2e- =2Cl-+1.36
MnO4-2 + 8H+ + 5e- =Mn+2 + 4H2O+1.49
In order to tell which is the strongest reducing agent, change the sign of its respective reduction potential in order to make it oxidation potential. The bigger the number the stronger a reducing agent it is.
For example if one were to list Cu, Cl-, Na and Cr in order, one would get their reduction potential, change the sign to make it oxidation potential and list them from greatest to least. One will get Na, Cr, Cu and Cl-; Na being the strongest reducing agent and Cl- being the weakest one.
A few good common reducing agents include active metals such as potassium, calcium, barium, sodium and magnesium and also, compounds that contain the H- ion, those being NaH, LiAlH4 and CaH2.
Also, some elements and compounds can be both reducing or oxidizing agents. Hydrogen gas is a reducing agent when it reacts with non-metals and an oxidizing agent when it reacts with metals.
2Li(s) + H2(g) -->2LiH(s) hydrogen acts as an oxidizing agent because it accepts an electron donation from lithium, which causes Li to be oxidized.
Half Reactions 2Li(s)0 -->2Li(s)+1 + 2e-::::: H20(g) + 2e- --> 2H-1(g)
H2(g) + F2(g) --> 2HF(g) hydrogen acts as a reducing agent because it donates its electrons to fluorine, which allows fluorine to be reduced.
Half Reactions H20(g) --> 2H+1(g) + 2e-::::: F20(g) + 2e- --> 2F-1(g)
Importance of reducing and oxidizing agents
Reducing agents and oxidizing agents are the ones responsible for corrosion, which is the “degradation of metals as a result of electrochemical activity”3. Corrosion requires an anode and cathode to take place. The anode is an element that loses electrons (reducing agent), thus oxidation always occurs in the anode, and the cathode is an element that gains electrons (oxidizing agent), thus reduction always occurs in the cathode. Corrosion occurs whenever there’s a difference in oxidation potential. When this is present, the anode metal will begin deteriorating given that there is an electrical connection and the presence of an electrolyte.
Example of redox reaction
The formation of iron(III) oxide;
4Fe + 3O2 → 2Fe2O3
In the above equation, the Iron (Fe) has an oxidation number of 0 before and 3+ after the reaction. For oxygen (O) the oxidation number began as 0 and decreased to 2−. These changes can be viewed as two "half-reactions" that occur concurrently:
1. Oxidation Half Reaction: Fe0 → Fe3+ + 3e
2. Reduction Half Reaction: O2 + 4e → 2 O2−
Iron III (Fe) has been oxidized because the oxidation number increased and is the reducing agent because it gave electrons to the oxygen (O). Oxygen (O) has been reduced because the oxidation number has decreased and is the oxidizing agent because it took electrons from iron (Fe)
Common reducing agents
Common reducing agents and their products
AgentProduct
H2 HydrogenH+, H2O
metalsmetal ions
CCO2 carbon dioxide
hydrocarbonsCO2 carbon dioxide, H2O
See also
External links
Sources
da:Reduktion (kemi) de:Reduktionsmittel et:Reduktsioon (keemia) eo:reduktenzohr:Reducens it:Riducente nl:Reductor nn:Reduksjonfi:Pelkistys sv:Reduktion (kemi)
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Vagus nerve
Jump to: navigation, search
Nerve: Vagus nerve
Plan of upper portions of glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves.
Course and distribution of the glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves.
Latin nervus vagus
Gray's subject #205 910
Innervates Levator veli palatini, Salpingopharyngeus, Palatoglossus, Palatopharyngeus, Superior pharyngeal constrictor, Middle pharyngeal constrictor, Inferior pharyngeal constrictor
MeSH Vagus+Nerve
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
The vagus nerve (also called pneumogastric nerve or cranial nerve X) is the tenth of twelve paired cranial nerves, and is the only nerve that starts in the brainstem (within the medulla oblongata) and extends, through the jugular foramen, down below the head, to the neck, chest and abdomen.
The medieval Latin word vagus means literally "Wandering" (the words vagrant, vagabond, and vague come from the same root). It is also called the pneumogastric nerve since it innervates both the lungs and the stomach.
Branches
Innervation
The vagus descends from the spinal cord in the carotid sheath, lateral to the carotid artery. It carries on past the aortic arch to dip inferiorly behind the left bronchus. Here it forms the pulmonary plexus, after giving rise to the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
The vagus nerve supplies motor parasympathetic fibers to all the organs except the suprarenal (adrenal) glands, from the neck down to the second segment of the transverse colon. The vagus also controls a few skeletal muscles, namely:
This means that the vagus nerve is responsible for such varied tasks as heart rate, gastrointestinal peristalsis, sweating, and quite a few muscle movements in the mouth, including speech (via the recurrent laryngeal nerve) and keeping the larynx open for breathing. It also receives some sensation from the outer ear, via the Auricular branch (also known as Alderman's nerve) and part of the meninges.
The vagus nerve and the heart
Parasympathetic innervation of the heart is mediated by the vagus nerve. The right vagus innervates the sinoatrial node. Parasympathetic hyperstimulation predisposes those affected to bradyarrhythmias. The left vagus when hyperstimulated predisposes the heart to atrioventricular (AV) blocks.
At this location Otto Loewi first proved that nerves secrete substances called neurotransmitters which have effects on receptors in target tissues. Loewi described the substance released by the vagus nerve as vagusstoff, which was later found to be acetylcholine.
The vagus nerve has three associated nuclei, the dorsal motor nucleus, the nucleus ambiguus and the solitary nucleus.
Drugs that inhibit the muscarinic cholinergic receptor (anticholinergics) such as atropine and scopolamine are called vagolytic because they inhibit the action of the vagus nerve on the heart, gastrointestinal tract and other organs. Anticholinergic drugs increase heart rate and are used to treat bradycardia (slow heart rate) and asystole, which is when the heart has no electrical activity. Anticholinergic drugs relax the detrusor muscle and cause constipation which again involves the vagus nerve.
Bulimics and anorexics have high vagal activity which is associated with the arrhythmias seen in these patients.[citation needed]
Medical treatment involving the vagus nerve
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy using a pacemaker-like device implanted in the chest is a treatment used since 1997 to control seizures in epilepsy patients and has recently been approved for treating drug-resistant cases of clinical depression.[1] A convenient, non-invasive VNS device that stimulates an afferent branch of the vagus nerve is also being developed and will soon undergo trials.
A degree of intermittent VNS can be achieved by daily breathing exercises (for example, Pranayama) over a period of several weeks. In some patients, such proactive relaxation exercises have been found to correlate with lower blood pressure and lower heart rate and more stable moods.[citation needed] The Valsalva maneuver may activate the vagus nerve and is a "natural" way to achieve the same effect in some patients. Patients with atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia and other illnesses may be trained to perform the valsalva maneuver (or find it for themselves).
Vagotomy (cutting of the vagus nerve) is a now-obsolete therapy that was performed for peptic ulcer disease. Vagotomy is currently being researched as a less invasive alternative weight loss procedure to gastric bypass surgery[2]. The procedure curbs the feeling of hunger and is sometimes performed in conjunction with putting bands on patients's stomachs, resulting in average weight loss of 43% at six months with diet and exercise[3]. Five pencil-sized scars are the result of the procedure.
See also:
• Porphyria This rare disorder can cause seizures and damage to the vagal nerve. Diagnosis, in some cases, may require DNA testing.
Physical and emotional effects
Activation of the vagus nerve typically leads to a reduction in heart rate, blood pressure, or both. This occurs commonly in the setting of gastrointestinal illness such as viral gastroenteritis or acute cholecystitis, or in response to other stimuli, including carotid sinus massage, Valsalva maneuver, or pain from any cause, particularly having blood drawn. When the circulatory changes are great enough, vasovagal syncope results. Relative dehydration tends to amplify these responses.
Excessive activation of the vagal nerve during emotional stress, which is a parasympathetic overcompensation of a strong sympathetic nervous system response associated with stress, can also cause vasovagal syncope because of a sudden drop in blood pressure and heart rate. Vasovagal syncope affects young children and women more often. It can also lead to temporary loss of bladder control under moments of extreme fear.
Research has shown that women who have complete transection of the spinal cord can experience orgasms through the vagus nerve, which can go from the uterus, cervix and probably the vagina to the brain.[2][4]
Effects of vagus nerve lesions
The patient complains of hoarse voice, difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia), pain during swallowing(odynophagia) and choking when drinking fluid. There is also loss of gag reflex. Uvula deviates away from the side of lesion and there is failure of palate elevation.
Additional images
References
1. Nemeroff C, Mayberg H, Krahl S, McNamara J, Frazer A, Henry T, George M, Charney D, Brannan S (2006). "VNS therapy in treatment-resistant depression: clinical evidence and putative neurobiological mechanisms.". Neuropsychopharmacology 31 (7): 1345-55. PMID 16641939. link
2. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/19563617/
3. http://www.cnn.com/2007/HEALTH/conditions/07/09/obesity.nerve.ap/index.html
4. Komisaruk, B.R, Whipple, B., Crawford, A., Grimes, S., Liu, W-C., Kalin, A., & Mosier, K. (2004). "Brain activation during vaginocervical self-stimulation and orgasm in women with complete spinal cord injury: fMRI evidence of mediation by the Vagus nerves.". link
External links
ar:العصب الحائر
ca:Nervi vague de:Nervus vaguseo:Vagoit:Nervo vago la:Nervus vagus lt:Klajoklinis nervas nl:Nervus vagusno:Nervus vagussl:Klatež fi:Kiertäjähermo uk:Блукаючий нерв
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Personal tools
Limited edition ship
From YPPedia
Shipyards began selling limited edition ships in December 2009. Each ship was available for one month. There has been a new limited edition ship every month except July 2010, March 2011, May 2011, April 2012, and May 2013.
Limited edition ships have a "limited edition" icon appearing on their dock/vessel image.
2009
December
Frost class sloop
2010
January February March April May June
Midas class grand frigate
Cupid class war brig
Emerald class sloop
Imperial class war frigate
Verdant class cutter
Inferno class sloop
July August September October November December
No ship
Midas class sloop
Imperial class war brig
Phantom class sloop
Harvest class sloop
Gingerbread class war brig
2011
January February March April May June
Fortune class junk
Cupid class sloop
No ship
Verdant class sloop
No ship
Wondrous class xebec
July August September October November December
Lagoon class sloop
Inferno class war brig
Ancient class sloop
Phantom class war frigate
Harvest class cutter
Gingerbread class sloop
2012
January February March April May June
Dragon class fanchuan
Chocolate class sloop
Bardic class sloop
No ship
Steam class sloop
Casino class sloop
July August September October November December
Smuggler class sloop
Tiburon class sloop
Vampire class sloop
Skelly class sloop
Gunpowder class sloop
Casino class war frigate
2013
January February March April May June
Hunter class sloop
Serpent class sloop
Valkyrie class sloop
Smuggler class war brig
No ship
July August September October November December
Ship
Sloop (Ancient, Bardic, Casino, Chocolate, Cupid, Cursed, Emerald, Frost, Gingerbread, Gold, Gunpowder, Harvest,
Hunter, Inferno, Lagoon, Midas, Phantom, Rogue, Serpent, Skelly, Smuggler, Steam, Tiburon, Valkyrie, Vampire, Verdant)
Cutter (Harvest, Verdant) | Dhow (Rogue) | Fanchuan (Dragon) | Longship (Frost) | Baghlah | Merchant brig | Junk (Fortune)
War brig (Cupid, Gingerbread, Gold, Haunted, Imperial, Inferno, Rogue, Smuggler) | Merchant galleon | Xebec (Wondrous)
War frigate (Atlantean, Casino, Gold, Imperial, Phantom, Rogue) | Grand frigate (Midas, Rogue)
See also: Shipyard | Shipwrightery | Pillaging | Limited edition ship | Ships requiring designs for construction
Puzzle Pirates™ © 2001-2012 Three Rings Design, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Terms · Privacy · Affiliates
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Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Methods & Standards > Directories Classifications and Manuals by Topic
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Unless otherwise noted, content on this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia Licence together with any terms, conditions and exclusions as set out in the website Copyright notice. For permission to do anything beyond the scope of this licence and copyright terms contact us.
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Tell me more ×
Answers OnStartups is a question and answer site for entrepreneurs looking to start or run a new business. It's 100% free, no registration required.
My mom has an idea for a cooking related tool/utensil. I presume she will need to get a prototype designed and built so she can gauge interest and ultimately find someone to do mass production.
I have no idea of where to start in this context. I would appreciate any guidance.
Thanks!
share|improve this question
2 Answers
up vote 1 down vote accepted
Depending on the particular utensil building a working prototype may be expensive. For example does it need to be dishwasher safe or meet FDA guidelines for food safety etc.?
In such a case it is probably better to start by building a mockup that looks like the real thing and can be used to show people what the real device will look and feel like. Doing mockups is a common industry practice to save cost. For example a car manufacturer would make a scale (or full size) model out of clay and test it in a wind tunnel before making an actual car.
If making such a mockup is not practical for some reason then a good first step is to build a virtual mockup on the computer using a 3-D CAD program so people can see what it will look like. If you are so inclined you could probably do this yourself using a program like Google Sketchup.
The next step after you have a 3-D model on the computer might be to have it printed on a 3-D printer. There are commercial services that do this as well a home units like the Makerbot.
share|improve this answer
Often to keep costs down, china is a common start to get products manufactured, but you mention prototype too within your question.
As far as getting a prototype built it could be done in her own country, regarding design she would need to find and pay someone to work with, she will need to know what she has in her mind as a minimum.
Patents might be necessary if she feels that she has something that needs to be protected, it can be costly, sometimes unnecessary.
But before going ahead with prototypes she might gain from talking to people who might be her future customers, will her utensil solve a problem, make something easier or just be gimmicky.
If she does reach the stage of mass production then it is advised that she travel to the country where they will be manufactured and meet the right people as opposed to looking for someone online.
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161 reputation
15
bio website snowmoonsoftware.com
location Massachusetts
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Summary
• Over 10 years of real world C++
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Specialties
My primary strength is writing robust task-oriented code, primarily in C++ and Ruby On Rails. I've also worked with C#/.NET, Oracle, MySQL and InfoSphere Streams.
Creator of FreezBeat
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Research article
Clinical and serological evaluation of a novel CENP-A peptide based ELISA
Michael Mahler1,2, Liesbeth Maes3, Daniel Blockmans3, Rene Westhovens3, Xavier Bossuyt3, Gabriela Riemekasten4, Sandra Schneider4, Falk Hiepe4, Andreas Swart5, Irmgard Gürtler5, Karl Egerer6, Margrit Fooke1,2 and Marvin J Fritzler7*
Author Affiliations
1 Dr. Fooke Laboratorien, Mainstrasse 85, 41469 Neuss, Germany
2 Current address: Department of Immunopathology, INOVA Diagnostics, San Diego, CA 92131-1638, USA
3 Laboratory Medicine, General internal medicine, Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Binkomstraat 2 3210 Lubbeek, Belgium
4 Charité University Hospital, German Rheumatism Research Centre, a Leibniz institute, Dept Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
5 Rheumatology Clinical Neuss, Neuss 41460, Germany
6 Interdisziplinäres Autoimmun-Speziallabor, Charité University hospital, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
7 Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
For all author emails, please log on.
Arthritis Research & Therapy 2010, 12:R99 doi:10.1186/ar3029
Published: 20 May 2010
Abstract
Introduction
Anti-centromere antibodies (ACA) are useful biomarkers in the diagnosis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). ACA are found in 20 to 40% of SSc patients and, albeit with lower prevalence, in patients with other systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Historically, ACA were detected by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on HEp-2 cells and confirmed by immunoassays using recombinant CENP-B. The objective of this study was to evaluate a novel CENP-A peptide ELISA.
Methods
Sera collected from SSc patients (n = 334) and various other diseases (n = 619) and from healthy controls (n = 175) were tested for anti-CENP-A antibodies by the novel CENP-A enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, ACA were determined in the disease cohorts by IIF (ImmunoConcepts, Sacramento, CA, USA), CENP-B ELISA (Dr. Fooke), EliA® CENP (Phadia, Freiburg, Germany) and line-immunoassay (LIA, Mikrogen, Neuried, Germany). Serological and clinical associations of anti-CENP-A with other autoantibodies were conducted in one participating centre. Inhibition experiments with either the CENP-A peptide or recombinant CENP-B were carried out to analyse the specificity of anti-CENP-A and -B antibodies.
Results
The CENP-A ELISA results were in good agreement with other ACA detection methods. According to the kappa method, the qualitative agreements were: 0.73 (vs. IIF), 0.81 (vs. LIA), 0.86 (vs. CENP-B ELISA) and 0.97 (vs. EliA® CENP). The quantitative comparison between CENP-A and CENP-B ELISA using 265 samples revealed a correlation value of rho = 0.5 (by Spearman equation). The receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that the discrimination between SSc patients (n = 131) and various controls (n = 134) was significantly better using the CENP-A as compared to CENP-B ELISA (P < 0.0001). Modified Rodnan skin score was significantly lower in the CENP-A negative group compared to the positive patients (P = 0.013). Inhibition experiments revealed no significant cross reactivity of anti-CENP-A and anti-CENP-B antibodies. Statistically relevant differences for gender ratio (P = 0.0103), specific joint involvement (Jaccoud) (P = 0.0006) and anti-phospholipid syndrome (P = 0.0157) between ACA positive SLE patients and the entire SLE cohort were observed.
Conclusions
Anti-CENP-A antibodies as determined by peptide ELISA represent a sensitive, specific and independent marker for the detection of ACA and are useful biomarkers for the diagnosis of SSc. Our data suggest that anti-CENP-A antibodies are a more specific biomarker for SSc than antibodies to CENP-B. Furthers studies are required to verify these findings.
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Simulation and Parametric Analysis of Cryogenic Oxygen Plant for Biomass Gasification
Vaijanath N Raibhole, S N Sapali
Abstract
Cryogenic air separation plants are used for production of oxygen, nitrogen and argon with required purity and recovery.The first grade oxygen (purity over 99.99%) is required for welding, cutting, and medical applications. These plants operate at low thermodynamic efficiency with specific power consumption in a range between 0.5-0.6 kw/scmh of O2. As air gasification produces poor quality syngas, oxygen is used as gasifying agent for biomass gasification. Medium purity cryogenic air separation units (ASU) are chiefly required for gasification. Biomass gasification with oxygen as gasifying agent has great potential in applications like integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC), chemical production and Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) products. In this work simulation of medium purity oxygen cryogenic air separation plant integrated with biomass gasifier is carried out by using Aspen plus. Such cryogenic air separation plants which produce oxygen in a range between 85-98% can be used economically for gasification. The cryogenic oxygen plant produces oxygen with purity 96.2 % mole basis with specific power consumption as 0.2435 kw/scmh of O2. The performance parameters like recovery, purity, temperature and pressure and power consumption of cryogenic air separation unit are obtained. The parameters like syngas composition and heating value also predicted in simulation of biomass gasifier. The effect of parameters (parametric analysis), like vapour fraction of the feed on pure liquid (PL) flow and condenser duty, effect of number of stages on PL and rich liquid (RL) flow and its purity and effect of oxygen flow and gasifier temperature on syngas composition is discussed.
Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.5539/mer.v2n2p97
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Mechanical Engineering Research ISSN 1927-0607 (Print) ISSN 1927-0615 (Online)
Copyright © Canadian Center of Science and Education
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Connexions
Sections
You are here: Home » Content » Europe: A.D. 1601 to 1700
About: Europe: A.D. 1601 to 1700
Module by: Jack E. Maxfield. E-mail the author
View the content: Europe: A.D. 1601 to 1700
Metadata
Name: Europe: A.D. 1601 to 1700
ID: m17876
Language: English (en)
Keywords: Europe, History, Maxfield, World
Document Type: -//CNX//DTD CNXML 0.5 plus MathML//EN
License: Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 2.0
Authors: Jack E. Maxfield (maxfield1@verizon.net)
Copyright Holders: Jack E. Maxfield (maxfield1@verizon.net)
Maintainers: Connexions (cnx@cnx.org), Robert Maxfield (maxfield1@verizon.net)
Latest version: 1.2 (history)
First publication date: Oct 10, 2008 7:57 pm -0500
Last revision to module: Oct 15, 2008 12:17 am -0500
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Version History
Version: 1.2 Oct 15, 2008 12:17 am -0500 by James Cooper
Changes:
Full content of World History, imported from sandbox. Module ids changed to be those on the main system.
Version: 1.1 Oct 13, 2008 5:37 pm -0500 by James Cooper
Changes:
Initial publish of World History content from sandbox; content upcoming.
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Maxfield, Jack. Europe: A.D. 1601 to 1700. Connexions. 15 Oct. 2008 <http://cnx.org/content/m17876/1.2/>.
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Government
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Creative Commons » WHUC09 http://creativecommons.org Share, reuse, and remix — legally. Fri, 17 May 2013 00:22:14 +0000 en-US hourly 1 http://wordpress.org/?v=3.5.1 ccLearn at the Whipple Hill User Conference 09 http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/15641 http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/15641#comments Thu, 02 Jul 2009 18:53:55 +0000 Jane Park http://creativecommons.org/?p=15641 ccLearn presented on CC and Open Educational Resources at the WhippleHill User Conference yesterday in Boston. WhippleHill Communications is a company that started off more or less building websites for schools. As the Internet evolved, so did WhippleHill’s business model into a service one meeting schools’ online communication needs. WhippleHill targets independent high schools and is a for-profit. However, like a lot of companies who offer services around next generation web technologies, they promote open content and tools for their clients. They also host an annual user conference where they invite cutting edge initiatives to lead sessions on new media and technologies pertinent to the changing world. ccLearn had the opportunity to lead one of these sessions entitled, “Creative Commons and Open Educational Resources: How the world is changing and what you need to know to keep up” targeted mainly at education around CC and copyright for high school students.
The slide show is up under CC BY (except otherwise noted). We would like to acknowledge Jessica Coates’ slide show “Creative Commons in the Classroom” from which we co-opted some great slides!
Thanks again to WhippleHill and its President, Travis Warren, for the strong support!
]]>
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Kernel Small Stacks
From eLinux.org
Revision as of 20:46, 29 November 2011 by Tim Bird (Talk | contribs)
Jump to: navigation, search
Here is some random information about small kernel stack sizes.
The default stack size for a process running in kernel space is 8K (as of 2011).
There used to be an option on x86 to reduce the stack size to 4K. And indeed there were efforts in 2006 to make this the default stack size. However, using a small stack opens up the dangerous possibility that the stack will overflow, causing a kernel hang.
Besides wasting memory, if the stack space is not really needed, 8K stacks also have an effect on, and are affected by, general kernel memory allocation. To create an 8K stack requires an order-1 allocation, meaning that 2 contiguous physical pages must be allocated together in order to create a new process stack. If memory has become fragmented, it may be impossible to fulfill an order-1 allocation, even though individual pages of physical memory may be free. Thus 4K stack allocations (order-0 allocations) are more likely to succeed. This is important for systems operating under extreme memory pressure.
There were years of debate on the kernel mailing list about whether 4K stacks should be the default, and lots of bug reports that ended up being caused stack overflows with 4K stacks enabled. The option to support 4k stacks on x86 was removed in 2010, from kernel version 2.6.37 with this commit: dcfa726280116dd31adad37da940f542663567d0
Contents
Stack layout
The kernel stack is laid out with the stack pointer at the top of each stack (at the highest stack address), growing downward for each function call and stack allocation. The thread_info structure for a process is at the bottom of the stack. There is no physical mechanism to detect, at allocation time, if the stack pointer wanders into the thread_info area of the stack. Hence, if the stack overflows (the stack pointer goes into the thread_info area), the behavior of the system is undefined.
Stack structure:
top +----------------+
| return vals |
| & local vars |
| ... |
| |
| |
| 0's |
| thread_info |
bottom +----------------+
Stack measuring/monitoring mechanisms
Because of previous efforts to conserve stack space, there are actually a few different mechanisms for monitoring the kernel stack usage. Some tools report on the static size of stack usage by kernel functions (a check which is done by either the compiler or a separate tool operating on the kernel binary), and some mechanisms can report on actual stack utilization at runtime.
CONFIG_FRAME_WARN
This kernel configuration option passes an option to the compiler to cause it to emit a warning when a static stack size for a routine is detected that is larger than the specified threshold. It requires gcc version 4.4 or later in order to work.
The gcc option used is "-Wframe-larger-than=xxx".
By default, CONFIG_FRAME_WARN has the value of 1024, but you can set it to any value from 0 to 8192.
Here is a sample of build output with this option configured to 256:
...
CC ipc/msg.o
CC ipc/sem.o
.../linux-3.0.y/ipc/sem.c: In function 'semctl_main.clone.7':
.../linux-3.0.y/ipc/sem.c:1021:1: warning: the frame size of 520 bytes is larger than 256 bytes
.../linux-3.0.y/ipc/sem.c: In function 'sys_semtimedop':
.../linux-3.0.y/ipc/sem.c:1514:1: warning: the frame size of 472 bytes is larger than 256 bytes
CC ipc/shm.o
CC ipc/ipcns_notifier.o
checkstack.pl
The kernel source includes a script to perform static stack analysis called scripts/checkstack.pl.
Usage is as follows:
$(CROSS_COMPILE)objdump -d vmlinux | scripts/checkstack.pl [arch]
Replace [arch] with the architecture of the kernel being analyzed. Several architectures are supported, including arm, mips and x86. You should use a cross-objdump that matches the architecture you compiled the kernel for. For example, if you used: arm-gnueabi-linux-gcc as your compiler, you would use arm-gnueabi-linux-objdump as your object dump program. This should have been included in your cross-compiler toolchain package.
Below is some sample output from using checkstack.pl. Note that the file is first dumped to an assembly file (.S), and then piped to checkstack.pl. You can examine the assembly file to see in detail the instructions used to reserve space on the stack, for routines of interest found by checkstack.pl.
An item in brackets is a module name, in case of a loadable module. The number at end is stack depth detected for function. The Leading value is the address of the stack reservation code.
$ arm-eabi-objdummp -d vmlinux -o vmlinux-arm.S
$ cat vmlinux-arm.S | scripts/checkstack.pl arm
0x0012c858 nlmclnt_reclaim [vmlinux-arm.o]: 720
0x0025748c do_tcp_getsockopt.clone.11 [vmlinux-arm.o]: 552
0x00258d04 do_tcp_setsockopt.clone.14 [vmlinux-arm.o]: 544
0x000b2db4 do_sys_poll [vmlinux-arm.o]: 532
0x00138744 semctl_main.clone.7 [vmlinux-arm.o]: 532
0x00138ec4 sys_semtimedop [vmlinux-arm.o]: 484
0x000c5618 default_file_splice_read [vmlinux-arm.o]: 436
0x00251de4 do_ip_setsockopt.clone.22 [vmlinux-arm.o]: 416
0x00191fd4 extract_buf [vmlinux-arm.o]: 408
0x0019bc24 loop_get_status_old [vmlinux-arm.o]: 396
0x000e6f88 do_task_stat [vmlinux-arm.o]: 380
0x0019b8f0 loop_set_status_old [vmlinux-arm.o]: 380
0x002078f0 snd_ctl_elem_add_user [vmlinux-arm.o]: 376
0x0026267c tcp_make_synack [vmlinux-arm.o]: 372
0x00127be4 nfs_dns_parse [vmlinux-arm.o]: 368
0x000b2240 do_select [vmlinux-arm.o]: 340
0x001f6f10 mmc_blk_issue_rw_rq [vmlinux-arm.o]: 340
0x001726a0 fb_set_var [vmlinux-arm.o]: 336
0x000c58d0 __generic_file_splice_read [vmlinux-arm.o]: 316
0x0022a074 dev_seq_printf_stats [vmlinux-arm.o]: 316
0x0006383c tracing_splice_read_pipe [vmlinux-arm.o]: 308
0x000c53c8 vmsplice_to_pipe [vmlinux-arm.o]: 308
0x002512b4 do_ip_getsockopt [vmlinux-arm.o]: 304
0x00225f68 skb_splice_bits [vmlinux-arm.o]: 300
stack_size
Below are some results for static analysis of function stack depth in the Linux kernel, using 'stack_size'. (stack_size is a custom tool written by Tim Bird, before he found out about checkstack.pl.)
See this kernel message for a patch containing 'stack_size': https://lkml.org/lkml/2011/10/18/479
ARM results
The following results include the reduction in size for 'struct poll_wqueue':
$ ./stack_size vmlinux-arm
============ RESULTS ===============
number of functions = 14371
max function stack depth= 736
function with max depth = nlmclnt_reclaim
Function Name Stack Depth
===================== ===========
__generic_file_splice_read 352
do_select 376
loop_set_status_old 392
snd_ctl_elem_add_user 408
extract_buf 432
default_file_splice_read 472
sys_semtimedop 520
semctl_main.clone.7 560
do_sys_poll 568
nlmclnt_reclaim 736
x86_64 results
$ ./show_stacks_x86_64.py vmlinux-x86_64.o
============ RESULTS ===============
number of functions = 29587
max function stack depth= 1208
function with max depth = security_load_policy
Function Name Stack Depth
===================== ===========
x86_schedule_events 632
drm_crtc_helper_set_mode 632
sys_semtimedop 664
do_task_stat 712
node_read_meminfo 760
default_file_splice_read 792
do_select 920
nlmclnt_reclaim 936
do_sys_poll 1048
security_load_policy 1208
CONFIG_DEBUG_STACK_USAGE
There is kernel feature to output the stack usage of each process, as well as the process that uses the most stack in the system. This is controlled by the kernel configuration option CONFIG_DEBUG_STACK_USAGE.
This option modifies the process creation path so that the stack is initialized with all zeros. At any time, a request can be made to measure the stack depth of all running processes. This is calculated by measuring the amount of zeros from the end of thread_info to the first non-zero item on each stack.
In more detail, it does the following:
* at process creation time, fills the stack with zeros (kernel/fork.c)
* on sysrq 't', show free space, from call to stack_not_used() (kernel/sched.c)
* it shows as 0 otherwise ??
* define check_stack_usage(), which emits printks on each low-water hit
* low-water appears to be global over all stacks
* check_stack_usage() is only called on process exit, so you might
not know about a problem process until very late
* stack_not_used() is defined in include/linux/sched.h. It counts the number of
zero bytes following the end of thread_info going up.
As the systems runs, any time the stack low-water mark is exceeded, then the kernel prints a report (logs it to the kernel message log). This can be viewed with the dmesg command:
Here is example output, greping the kernel message log for "greatest":
# dmesg | grep greatest
kworker/u:0 used greatest stack depth: 10564 bytes left
busybox used greatest stack depth: 9512 bytes left
busybox used greatest stack depth: 9504 bytes left
grep used greatest stack depth: 9372 bytes left
init used greatest stack depth: 9028 bytes left
To get a report on the stack usage of running processes, you use 't' with sysrq. For example:
$ echo t >/proc/sysrq-trigger
A stack dump for each process is shown, along with stack usage information.
Here is some sample output:
$ echo t >/proc/sysrq-trigger
$ dmesg | grep -v [[]
task PC stack pid father
init S 802af8b0 932 1 0 0x00000000
kthreadd S 802af8b0 2496 2 0 0x00000000
ksoftirqd/0 S 802af8b0 2840 3 2 0x00000000
kworker/0:0 S 802af8b0 2776 4 2 0x00000000
kworker/u:0 S 802af8b0 2548 5 2 0x00000000
migration/0 S 802af8b0 2704 6 2 0x00000000
migration/1 S 802af8b0 2704 7 2 0x00000000
kworker/1:0 S 802af8b0 2560 8 2 0x00000000
ksoftirqd/1 S 802af8b0 3024 9 2 0x00000000
khelper S 802af8b0 2824 10 2 0x00000000
sync_supers S 802af8b0 2872 11 2 0x00000000
bdi-default S 802af8b0 2584 12 2 0x00000000
kblockd S 802af8b0 2824 13 2 0x00000000
khubd S 802af8b0 2744 14 2 0x00000000
rpciod S 802af8b0 3024 15 2 0x00000000
kworker/0:1 S 802af8b0 1240 16 2 0x00000000
kswapd0 S 802af8b0 2848 17 2 0x00000000
fsnotify_mark S 802af8b0 2632 18 2 0x00000000
nfsiod S 802af8b0 3024 19 2 0x00000000
kworker/u:1 S 802af8b0 2840 20 2 0x00000000
hoge S 802af8b0 3024 23 2 0x00000000
kworker/1:1 S 802af8b0 1716 24 2 0x00000000
flush-0:13 S 802af8b0 2528 28 2 0x00000000
telnetd S 802af8b0 1848 48 1 0x00000000
ash R running 1264 56 1 0x00000000
[FIXTHIS - show output from
Stack tracer in ftrace (or perf?)
[FIXTHIS - add this section]
Stack limit patches
Sony has a series of patches which implement a stack guard page, and use that to show a backtrace if the process uses more than a specified amount in its kernel stack. In essence, this creates a hard failure for a controlled stack overflow event.
These patches do the following:
ARM 4K Stacks
In October of 2011, Tim Bird submitted patches to add 4K stack support for the ARM architecture to the Linux kernel. The patches he submitted are here:
After some discussion, these patches were not accepted into mainline.
The following points were problems that needed to be addressed for this patch set:
* Should make this depend on CONFIG_EXPERT (to warn developers who attempt to use this)
* Should add interrupt stacks to ARM to take pressure off of 4K stacks
* Should determine if 4K stacks use case will cause ripple effect and lots of ifdefs and hard maintenance issues throughout the kernel. In particular, need to look at:
* %pV recursion in printk. This is used by several file systems
* question: for operation or just reporting??
Dave Chinner ([ here]) wrote:
There's a good reason 4k stacks went away: it's
simply not enough space for the deep 60+ function call stacks we see
with even trivial storage stack configurations.
The stack usage on 32 bit ARM and x86 is going to be similar, so
you're going to be fighting a losing battle - there is no stack
space that can be trimmed from most paths. To make matter worse,
there's been stuff done to the storage stack that significantly
increases stack usage since 4k stacks went away (e.g. the on-stack
block plugging changes).
And FWIW, XFS is widely used on ARM based NAS devices, so this isn't
a theoretical problem I'm making up here...
This is a pretty good example of people denying a use case with a red herring.
Possible mixed stack size feature
One option for realizing most of the benefits of 4K stacks, while preserving more robustness, would be to utilize mixed stack sizes in the kernel.
Processes known to exercise only certain, stack-conservative, code paths in the kernel could utilize 4K stacks, and other processes could utilize 8K (or larger) stacks for safety purposes.
There would have to be a mechanism to support selecting the stack size at process creation time. One simple mechanism would be to introduce a child_stack_size parameter in thread_info, settable via /proc, and use this on the clone system call.
A system to support different-sized stacks by changing the stack size of already running processes would likely be too complicated to be practical.
Currently, the method of accessing the thread_info structure for a task in the kernel relies on the stack size of all processes being consistent among all processes (and being a power of two). A pointer to thread_info is obtained by masking the current stack pointer with a value dependent on the (global) size of the stack. With mixed stack sizes, a different mechanism would be needed to convert from stack pointer to thread_info. One method which might work would be to pre-allocate a stack pool for non-standard-sized stacks, and use pointer comparison to see if SP fell within the pool. If the pool was exhausted, the default stack size would be used.
This would work best in the case of a system with an identifiable number of processes which would use special-sized stacks.
Problems
This area has random notes for stack depth management issues:
Problem routines
do_select, do_sys_poll
The structure 'struct poll_wqueue' is a large data structure used for the select() and poll() system calls to manage a sub-set of the file descriptors being polled. This structure includes an array of wait queues which can be used immediately (without requiring or waiting for a memory allocation) for polling file I/O.
The number of entries in the array of wait queues can be controlled via macros in include/linux/poll.h
nlm_clnt_reclaim
network lock manager for network filesystems. Not applicable to most embedded products (except possibly during development).
security_load_policy
An selinux routine, not applicable to embedded.
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GlobalVoices in Learn more »
Cuba: Celaya on Payá
This post also available in:
Español · Cuba: Celaya sobre Payá
On Sin EVAsion [es], Havana-based Cuban blogger Miriam Celaya comments on the death of rights advocate Oswaldo Payá: “I did not share all of Payá’s points of view, I was even critical at times of…his proposals. I would be again; but I always respected the man who created them… [...] [To] feel resentment at this time would profane the memory of this fighter for peace….I would have wanted us to be able to count on him in the democratic future that we will have some day, no longer so far off, because we need leaders of his stature in a nation that is left bereft of values.”
World regions
Countries
Languages
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An unofficial blog that watches Google's attempts to move your operating system online.
Send your tips to gostips@gmail.com.
October 2, 2006
Gmail Improves False-Positive Spam Detection
New York Times quotes a report from Lyris, an email marketing firm that tracked 57,000 mails sent from 57 businesses and nonprofit organizations. Only 3% of these messages were mistakenly labeled as spam by Gmail. In the first quarter of 2006, a similar study concluded that 44.1% of the business messages were sent to the Spam folder, although customers chose to receive them.
Gmail's spam filters are adaptable, so they get better over time. In 2004, Slashdot asked "How good is Gmail's spam filter?" and someone responded:
"So far, no spam whatsoever has found its way into my inbox. However, the amount of false positives filtered into the spam folder is overwhelming.
For a while I wondered why I only got reports by email about 30-40% of my finished online auctions (link omitted, no free advertising here). Last week I accidentaly clicked on the spam folder, and there it was, dozens of FALSE POSITIVES."
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For the half-year to 30 June 2013, the IPKat's regular team is supplemented by contributions from guest bloggers Stefano Barazza, Matthias Lamping and Jeff John Roberts.
Two of our regular Kats are currently on blogging sabbaticals. They are Birgit Clark and Catherine Lee.
Sunday, 11 June 2006
GARBOLOGY - FINDING THE FAKES THAT REFUSE TO GO AWAY ...; LATEST IJLIT
Garbology: finding the fakes that refuse to go away ...
The Times carries a Special Report, "Trying to stub out the fakes", that tells all about the £10bn worth of fakes — from cigarettes to scent — that counterfeiters are estimated to sell every year. Victim self-assessment figures are now being supplemented by the research results of professional "garbologists". These dedicated folk go through the rubbish that people leave behind them at big sporting or cultural events, gathering up discarded packaging. Research commissioned by the Tobacco Manufacturers’ Association reveals that, out of 229 packs collected from a racetrack after a day's horse racing, some 14 — or 6% — are counterfeit. The Association had estimated that about 2.6% of all cigarettes consumed in Britain are counterfeit: that would have been 1.8 billion fags in 2005 at a cost to the exchequer of £360m in lost tax revenue. The article also name-checks the IPKat's friend Ruth Orchard, head of the UK-based Anti-Counterfeiting Group, who says:
“Counterfeiting is very difficult to measure accurately, but all the evidence suggests that this problem has been growing exponentially. It has increased way beyond anything that could have been foreseen five years ago".
The Report then substantiates that message, by reviewing the damage to various industrial and commercial sectors.
Below: the IPKat does not approve of dog-ends
The IPKat is becoming increasingly horrified at the increase of trade in counterfeit goods and distressed at the links between organised crime and terrorism. He only wishes that the democratic institutions which he supports could run themselves as efficiently and as profitably as the villains seem to be able to - but how long will it be before we even get fake garbology results? Merpel adds, how strange it is that a higher proportion of people who attend horse-race meetings buy fake fags than the population at large - or do the garbology results only show that people who attend horse-race meetings are more likely to throw their fake cigarette cartons away than to take them home with them?
More on garbology here; adventures in garbology here; Benjy the Bin-Man here
The connection between horse-racing and cigarettes - Stubbs.
Latest IJLIT
Volume 14, issue 2 of Oxford University Press's scholarly quarterly, the International Journal of Information Law and Technology, has just been pressing itself upon the IPKat's attentions. It contains just three articles, really good ones too - but oh how long the titles are getting. The Kat's friend Steve Saxby has a neat piece on public policy and the development of a UK national geographical information policy. Then there's an article by Robert C. Piasentin with a 23-word title, which successfully sees off a three-man feature by Yingru Chan, Zaw Thant, Robert Zimmerman and Lawrence L. Leff PhD (not sure how to pronounce "PhD", says Merpel) with a title consisting of 18 words. The article is only 8 pages long, so that's 2.25 title words per page. For the record, the running head at the top of each page describes the article by the single word "Parsley", which serves pretty well. The IPKat was however most disappointed to discover that this Robert Zimmerman was not the original Bob Dylan.
Contents of current issue here; browse archive here; why not try some sheer excitement here
Subscribe to the IPKat's posts by email here
Just pop your email address into the box and click 'Subscribe':
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[Date Prev][Date Next][Thread Prev][Thread Next][Date Index][Thread Index]
[libreoffice-users] Re: Unable to start my newly installed LibreOffice v3.5.2 programs.
Am 01.05.2012 19:05, Ant wrote:
You can turn off all Java in menu:Tools>Options>Java.
The only problem is that I can't get to LibreOffice to change the
options. Is there a way to do it with its configuration
files/Windows' registry?
My config file
<user_profile>/config/javasettings_Linux_x86.xml
has a line
<enabled xsi:nil="false">true</enabled>
Check the md5sum of your downloaded copy.
Turn off all virus scanning during the installation process.
Kill all soffice processes in the task manager.
Run the installation.
I did. :(
So your system does not accept this software. You never have a well defined environment under MS Windows. Too many system tools and black boxes are interfering with each other. Could it be that your hardware is about to break?
--
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Wednesday, October 31, 2012
But Hugh Isn't Jewish
Adrianne Curry, a model, went to a Los Angeles Halloween party in a skimpy outfit, based on what the Milla Jovovich character wore in 1997 film The Fifth Element.
Next to her was this gentleman:
and she tweeted this:
I went and screensnapped another tweet of hers:
Some people of an odd sense of humor.
And Hefner isn't Jewish. But I wonder whose idea it was to get dressed up a a Hassid?
With that caricature:-
I bet he was Jewish.
^
Legal Links
This is how Reuters reports on the legality of the Jewish communities in Yesha:-
The United Nations deems all Israeli settlements in the West Bank as illegal. Israel captured the territory in a 1967 war and Palestinians seek to make the West Bank part of a future state that includes the Gaza Strip and East Jerusalem. Palestinians say settlements would deny them a viable country. Israel cites historical and Biblical links to the West Bank and Jerusalem and says the future of settlements should be decided in peace talks.
Just historical and Biblical links?
What about the San Remo Conference decision, the one that
decided on April 24, 1920 to assign the Mandate [for Palestine] under the League of Nations to Britain
That was a legal link. Actually, there were three
...which may be termed the founding documents of mandated Palestine and the modern Jewish state of Israel that arose from it. These were the [above-mentioned] San Remo Resolution of April 25, 1920, the Mandate for Palestine conferred on Britain by the Principal Allied Powers and confirmed by the League of Nations on July 24, 1922, and the Franco-British Boundary Convention of December 23, 1920. These founding documents were supplemented by the Anglo-American Convention of December 3, 1924 respecting the Mandate for Palestine.
Can you depend on Reuters?
^
Tuesday, October 30, 2012
Low-Intensity Conflict Report #52, October 28, 2012
Low-Intensity Conflict Report #52, October 28, 2012
These reports are translated and publicized byYehudit Tayar for Hatzalah Yehudah and Shomron with the clearance and confirmation of the IDF. Hatzalah Yehudah and Shomron is a voluntary emergency medical organization with over 500 volunteer doctors, paramedics, medics who are on call 24/7 and work along with the IDF, 669 IAF Airborn Rescue, the security officers and personal throughout Yesha and the Jordan Valley, and with MDA.
We, the volunteers of Hatzalah Yehudah and Shomron go out to rescue anyone who needs our emergency medical assistance; including civilians, military and Arabs also those within the PA territories. (with IDF presence) To us a life is precious and we go out at risk leaving home and family or stopping on the road to rescue anyone in need.
October 28, 2012
Gaza:
5 rockets fired towards Israel. 3 hit inside Arab occupied territory. 2 hit near Security Fence. IAF attacked active terror cell near Chan Unis. Exact hit reported resulting in possible elimination of at least 1 of the terrorists who were attacking Israel.
Mortar Fire into Israel several fell near the Security Fence in the Eshkol Region.
2 Grad rockets aimed towards Chazerim.
2 rockets landed near Be'er Sheva. The schools are closed for a safety precaution.
October 27, 2012
Between Ophra and T Junction Israeli bus attacked by Arabs with rocks causing damage.
Gush Etzion-Hevron Highway near the curve in the road south of Karmei Zur Arabs attack Israeli cars with rocks causing damage.
Betar Illit: Molotov cocktail thrown towards the security road of the community.
October 26, 2012
2 Israeli vehicles damaged when cars attacked by Arabs with rocks near Kedumim by Git junction.
South of shchem by Chawara Israeli bus attacked by Arabs throwing rocks. The bus was damaged in the attack.
October 25, 2012
Israeli bus attacked by Arabs with rocks near Git junction in the Kedumim region.
October 24, 2012
Gaza:
In the last few days scores of rockets and mortars have been fired upon and hit inside the Eshkol, Ashkelon, Regional Councils. Iron Cast has shot down some of the missiles but as of 19:00 at least 90 rockets have hit Israel causing several injuries; some fatal injuires, trauma, and damage.
IAF has targeted and hit several of the terror centers from which the rockets are being fired. The terrorists in Gaza have reported several injured and eliminated.
IAF attacked terrorist positions in Rafiah region who were preparing to launch rocket attacks on the Eshkol Region.
Thousands of Israelis have been directed to remain close to protective shelters. The educational facilities were closed and thousands of children were kept home in order to try and protect them. Of course this causes a problem for working parents what to do to care for their children in this emergency situation. Aside from the trauma of those who are under fire.
Near Kedumim Arabs attacked Israeli bus with rocks.
Gush Etzion-Hevron Highway near Bet Umar Arabs attack Israeli vehicles with rocks causing damage.
October 23, 2012
Gaza: IAF attack in the Northern part of the Gaza Strip following massive rocket and mortar attacks on Israel. 1 terrorist member of Hamas was eliminated: Ismael Sili, 25, from the military branch of the Hamas. 3 additional terrorists were injured.
Qalandia passage Arab apprehended carrying in his possession 8 pipe bombs. The bomb squad took care of the explosives and the Arab was arrested pending investigation by security forces.
Israeli bus carrying tourists was attacked by Arabs with rocks on the Gush Etzion-Hevron Highway near El Arub causing damage.
Israeli bus attacked with rocks by Arabs north of Ophra in the Benjamin Region causing damage to the windows.
Border Police attacked by mobs of Arabs with rocks and Molotov Cocktails south-west of Ramallah near the village of Anata. Several security vehicles were damaged by the attack.
Between Kiryat Arba and Hevron Israeli vehicle attacked by Arabs with rocks.
Between Ariel and Marda on the Cross Samarian Highway Israeli vehicles attacked by Arabs with rocks causing damage.
^
Criminal Journalism
My comment
"On the night of October 12, just weeks after my interview, an Israeli drone killed al-Maqdisi and one of his followers, along with a passerby, on a motorbike in a refugee camp, threatening to precipitate another round of fighting." Wait. Al-Maqdisi was not planning on precipitating a new round of terror attacks on Israel's civilian population? And Israel defended itself? Posting this piece without any real reference to the sole successful export indestry of Gaza - its rocket attacks on Israel - is criminal journalism.
left at this NYRB article:
^
The Medad Family Olive Tree Harvest
With my neighbor across the pathway, Rav Dov Berkovits
^
The Upside-down Jug in the Wall
On a tour of Tel Shiloh's newest archaeological dig, we were shown this wall:
and we realized that something was stuck in the wall:
Just to the left of the stone upon which the pail is sitting, you can see a rim-collered jug, upside-down, stuck in the wall.
Amazing.
You can't discern it?
Here:
^
Kabbalah as Abuse
Reported:
A live-in nanny who watched over the daughter of a Park Avenue socialite and a celebrity surgeon claims she was scalded with boiling water, plied with drugs to increase her productivity, forced to wear sexy outfits, and pushed to attend Kabbalah classes and date her boss’ friends.
The nanny, by the way,
a practicing Buddhist, said no.
And to be clear, the employer was
Susan O’Leary
Is that a Jewish name?
^
Daniella Weiss on The Honor of Israel
A letter:
That was the last paragraph in a 5-page handwritten letter that was sent to Ariel Sharon 2 Kislev 5740, or November 22, 1979 by Daniella Weiss on stationery of the Kedumim-Elon Moreh group who were then battling a government decision, in the wake of the High Court of Justice decision that ordered them moved.
A selection of documents were uploaded by Israel's State Archives. Here is the excerpt relating to the letter above:
Gush Emunim saw the Elon Moreh petition as a test case in their struggle over the status of Judea, Samaria and the Gaza Strip, and tied it to the Camp David Accords and the peace treaty with Egypt, to which they were opposed. On the night of 21-22 November the heads of the movement, including Rabbis Zvi Yehuda Kook, Haim Druckman and Zvi Tau met with the leaders of Elon Moreh. Following that meeting Daniella Weiss, one of the leaders of Gush Emunim and head of the secretariat of the 'Kedumim-Elon Moreh' settlement, sent a formal letter to Agriculture Minister Sharon, demanding that he resign. She attached a personal letter, in which she outlined her personal views and the political reasons why Elon Moreh should not be moved from Rujeib to Mt. Kabir. Among other things, she claimed that moving it would be a victory for the PLO, and that the legal status of the settlements in the territories should be changed before Israel transferred the oil fields in Sinai to Egypt, according to the peace agreement
I have translated the last paragraph since not only is its content emotional and quite representative of the feelings of the group but its conclusion for the future is remarkably prescient. Daniella
Daniella - a recent snapshot
and family were locate at the Kedumin site where a part of the original Elon Moreh group stayed after the Peres compromise:
...I hope with all my heart that the Government will yet come to its senses, and if not, I will ascend to Elon Moreh with my daughters in order to assist, together with many others, with our bodies, to prevent to uprooting of Jews from their community in Eretz-Yisrael. And I will instruct them that at a time when there is an attempt to rip a Jew from out of his home, that Jew must take a tight hold, even with his teeth and fingernails, in a most very physical fashion. And if, God forbid, we come to this moment, I will make every effort to impress upon my children the power apparent in the stick-to-it-ness to this land. And if we are forcibly removed, this tragedy will remain in the minds of my children in a very powerful way in order that they will dedicate their lives for the struggle to return to Elon Moreh, and to return the honor of Israel*.
The end?
From the site:
On 16 January the Elon Moreh residents decided by a majority vote to move to Mt. Kabir. The move was carried out on 29 January; a small group of four families and several single people remained on the previous site and were forcibly removed by the IDF on 3 February 1980.
_____
*
On the verse in Ezekiel 39:7: And My holy name will I make known in the midst of My people Israel; neither will I suffer My holy name to be profaned any more; and the nations shall know that I am the LORD, the Holy One in Israel. Rashi comments: "the low contemptibility of Israel is a desecration of God's name".
^
Monday, October 29, 2012
Construction
Spotted:
Cement was being poured, using the excavator's bucket to transport the cement from the mixer to the building site.
^
What Happened to Rachel's Tomb?
I read this:
"Thousands of Jewish settlers stormed Bilal bin Rabah
Mosque, known by Jews as "Rachel's Tomb" on
Sunday night, and performed Talmudic rituals on the
anniversary of "Rachel's death". "
Do you think that's the truth?
Oops, I just realized sarcasm doesn't go over the Internet well.
Here:
About 13,000 people had arrived at the compound from Thursday evening to Friday afternoon. A total of about 70 thousand people are expected by Sunday.
This year the anniversary of the matriarch Rachel’s passing fell on the Sabbath, when observant Jews do not travel. Those marking the anniversary compensated by moving celebrations of her life to the days immediately before and after.
As part of the preparations for the celebrations, volunteers from the Ichud Hatzalah organization, including doctors and paramedics, were deployed starting on Thursday afternoon at Rachel's Tomb. As of Saturday night they treated 13 people, including three who were evacuated to hospital. Most of the casualties suffered bruises and injuries as a result of the crowding in the area.
The Egged bus company, which had been providing transportation to the compound, could not handle the large number of visitors, and, as can be seen in the following video, on Saturday night tens of thousands of people began marching on foot from Jerusalem's Gilo neighborhood to the compound.
^
Jeff Barak's Commentary
Alongside its nationalistic, territorial expansionist ethos, the Likud also has a strong vein of western democratic liberalism running through its body, as best represented by politicians such as Knesset Speaker Reuven Rivlin and ministers Bennie Begin, Dan Meridor and Michael Eitan, a group sarcastically derided as feinschmeckers (a Yiddish term for those with over-refined tastes) by Yisrael Beytenu leader Avigdor Liberman.
While Rivlin, Begin et al firmly believe in Israel’s rights to settle in Judea and Samaria, they also believe that Israel’s Arab population should be treated as full citizens, enjoying the same civil rights as the Jewish majority. In this, they faithfully follow the dictates of Ze’ev Jabotinsky, the founder of the Revisionist Zionist movement, the ideological precursor to the Likud.
In 1934, Jabotinsky wrote a draft constitution for the Jewish state which declared that the Arab minority would be on an equal footing with its Jewish counterpart “throughout all sectors of the country’s public life.” He also proposed that in every cabinet where the prime minister is a Jew, the vice-premiership should be offered to an Arab and vice versa.
Yisrael Beytenu’s leadership, on the other hand, prefers to view Israeli Arabs as a dangerous fifth column, to be treated with the utmost suspicion and, if possible, removed from the country in any future peace agreement with the Palestinians as part of a population exchange.
One wonders whether Jabotinsky, were he alive today, would make it on the joint Likud-Yisrael Beytenu slate the prime minister is so eager to create.
His message:
Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu will ask his party to jettison its proud liberal-democratic heritage
I am always amazed how commentators assume they know what their subjects are not only doing but what they are thinking.
First of all, I am pretty sure that Barak really doesn't believe that Likud is liberal-democratic. I am pretty sure he doesn't even like the Likud. But, liking Netanyahu even less, he'll pose the Likud as a pretty party.
Second, what ever happened to Menachem Begin? Wasn't her somewhere between Jabotinsky and Netanyahu? Wasn't he someone that made a major contribution to the democratic character of Israel's political life?
Third, it was Begin who reached out to the Liberals, a part of the General Zionists, already in 1955 and by 1965 had created the Gahal Bloc. In doing so, he brought Herut closer to the political center and also had the Liberals adopt a more nationalist stand. Could this be happening today? That Yisrael Beiteinu could be influenced to adopt a more conciliatory attitude? Why is the message that this is only a one-way issue?
Fourth, is Barak representing the Yisrael Beiteinu in a faithful fashion? If you want, you can check their website on their allegiance plank. And all the other issues. As reported in...Haaretz.
Here is another item taken from an extreme left-wing site:
In 2004, Lieberman told the Knesset he is “definitely speaking of exchanging populations and territory simultaneously, because there is no other solution” [that's from Gershom Gorenberg] Lieberman’s plan rests on his conviction that two ethnic, linguistic or religious communities in conflict cannot co-exist peacefully within the same state. The party’s website states: “the only possible solution is the exchange of territory and populations, with the goal of the separation of the Jewish and Arab nations, respectively. Only this solution can guarantee the Jewish character of the State, assure a clear Jewish majority in the short and long term, safeguard the security of our citizens, and encourage economic growth.”
Does that sound like what the United States, UN and the EU wants to do to the Jews of Yesha? So, is it a bad or good policy?
Political commentary.
Oh, as for whether Jabotinsky would be included in the new joint list, would he make it or wish to be?
Irrelevant, actually. While his principles remain strong and relevant, the Arabs have proven quite different from those Jabotinsly knew and expected he could work with.
It's not a Jewish problem. It's an Arab one.
^
Not Where, But Who, Colin
Colin Shindler attempts to stem the tide of irrational hatred, ideologically-inspired Judeaophobia and outright anti-Semitism, all couched in a convenient label of anti-Zionism by Europe's Left in a NYTimes oped.
But a central part his explanation is problematic:
AMID this rising hostility toward Israel, the French philosopher and political activist Jean-Paul Sartre advocated a different way forward...He understood the legitimacy of Israel’s war for independence and later commented that the establishment of the state of Israel was one of the few events “that allows us to preserve hope.” Yet Sartre also strongly supported Algeria’s fight for independence from France.
...Sartre argued that the left shouldn’t choose between two moral causes and that it was up to the Jews and the Arabs to resolve their conflict through discussion and negotiation. Sartre tried to create a space for a dialogue,..But Sartre’s vision was stymied as Israeli settlements proliferated after 1977, strengthening the left’s caricature of Israel as an imperialist power and a settler-colonial enterprise. Some prominent voices on the European left have mouthed time-honored anti-Semitic tropes in their desire to appear supportive of the Palestinian cause. Ken Livingstone, a former newspaper editor and mayor of London, has a long history of insensitive remarks about Jews — from publishing a cartoon in 1982 of Menachem Begin, then Israel’s prime minister, in Gestapo uniform atop a pile of Palestinian skulls to likening a known Jewish reporter to “a concentration camp guard” 20 years later...
Of course, there was far-left and communist anti-Zionism before 1967, not only 1977. Jewish residency - not in Judea, Gaza, Samaria and Jerusalem - but in Tel Aviv, Rehovot and Rosh Pinah was the target of Arab hostility and negation of Jewish national rights. It wasn;t a matter of where but of who. If the Jews, anywhere in the country, that was to be opposed. Anyone reading and knowing the Mandate-period chronicles is aware of that. The communists supported the 1929 Arab riots and those were Jewish communists, by the way.
As for Menachem Begin and England, well, he couldn't come to the country in the 1950s and 1960s. The left-wing, and right-wing, animosity towards him was based on his role os the Irgun commander. "Settlements" were not needed for those horrific caricatures and epithets.
Shindler is cognizant of the pre-1967 opposition to Israel, writing of the "the anticolonial struggle — in Vietnam, South Africa, Rhodesia and a host of other places" which led to
...Israel’s exclusion from the ranks of the nonaligned nations more than 50 years ago, when Arab states refused to attend a 1955 nonaligned conference in Indonesia if an Israeli delegate was present.
I won't argue about the date and event, but the point is made: Zionism is not to be recognized as a legitimate nationalist movement. That principled stand by those of the Left leave them left out of the frame to be involved in peace efforts.
Just like no peace effort can ever be successful with Hamas:
Saturday, October 27, 2012
Hamas Leader Haniyeh - Hamas rejects existence of Israel on any piece of land
Palestinian Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh underlined his nation's irrevocable stance against Israel, stressing that Palestinians will never ignore even a single span of their land.
"We (Palestinians) will never overlook even one span of Palestine's soil because Palestine is an endowed land and no person, leader, organization or group is entitled to the right to ignore this land," Haniyeh said in a meeting on Saturday with the members of 'Miles of Smiles 17' aid convoy and an Indonesian delegation visiting Gaza. "Israel has no future in the Palestinian lands and our motto is that we will never recognize the Zionist regime," he said.
The Left may not be all terrorist, but the politics are the same - Israel cannot exist.
In that worldview, anti-Semitism is just an extention of the 'struggle' and Jews in Toulouse, Manchester and Malmo will pay.
His last statement
the swallowing up of both the Israeli and Palestinian peace camps by political polarization has accelerated the closing of the progressive mind. And static fatalism has allowed the assailant of synagogue congregants and the killer of young children to fill the vacuum.
Would only seem to me to nevertheless make sure the Jews/Israelis are blamed.
Israel, even under Binyamin Netanyahu, has attempted to negotiate. But surely the national and human rights of Jews in their homeland cannot be ignored.
^
Sunday, October 28, 2012
My Vote is in the Mail
Here it comes, America:-
^
Kosher Plastics
Here is a picture I snapped at our local mini-supermarket, owned by Shlomo Livyatan and managed by Shmuel Ashkenazi:
The latest in plastic storage containers for the Kosher consumer.
Dairy (blue). Meat (red). Parve (green).
You remember
"Just one word - plastics. There's a great future in plastics".
^
El-Aqsa as a Billboard
Here:-
Such holy site respect.
What the sign reads is
" غدا سنطهر الأقصى ونعلي لواء الحق يسطع كالشهاب ."
Google Translate will give me only this:
"Tomorrow Far سنطهر and bathrobe the right shines Kalshhab Brigade."
I am at a linguistic loss.
^
Saturday, October 27, 2012
No Room for Jews
The Temple Mount had a few visitors the other day:
More than 50,000 Muslim worshippers flooded Al-Aqsa mosque compound in Jerusalem's Old City for prayers on Friday, the first day of Eid al-Adha or Feast of Sacrifice, Israeli police said. "Some 50,000 attended morning prayers on the Temple Mount, and another 7,000 were there for afternoon services," police spokeswoman Luba Samri told AFP, adding that "everything went peacefully."
But Jews, according to Muslims, can't visit as that would be 'storming'.
And the police have problems with Jewish worship.
^
At the Yesha Council Meeting
I posted on the Yesha Council's new Levy Report campaign. Even pictures.
But being behind the camera usually means I'm not in the picture.
But the Yesha Council weekly caught me:
Here I am:
^
Carley Does the Carp - for Gefilte Fish?
Carley Gordon of WSMVwas not exactly preparing gefilte fish but she was fooling around with a carp fish, or rather, he was fooling around with here:
(k/t= NY Daily News)
^
Historical Heritage Mosques to be Bulldozed
No, not by Israel
The story:
Medina: Saudis take a bulldozer to Islam's history
Three of the world’s oldest mosques are about to be destroyed as Saudi Arabia embarks on a multi-billion-pound expansion of Islam’s second holiest site. Work on the Masjid an-Nabawi in Medina, where the Prophet Mohamed is buried, will start once the annual Hajj pilgrimage ends next month. When complete, the development will turn the mosque into the world’s largest building, with the capacity for 1.6 million worshippers.
But concerns have been raised that the development will see key historic sites bulldozed. Anger is already growing at the kingdom’s apparent disdain for preserving the historical and archaeological heritage of the country’s holiest city, Mecca. Most of the expansion of Masjid an-Nabawi will take place to the west of the existing mosque, which holds the tombs of Islam’s founder and two of his closest companions, Abu Bakr and Umar...
You just never really know.
^
Crime: Prostration
Here is a police charge of a crime of prostration signed by four Israeli policemen:.
Prostration?
Like this you ask?
Well, yes. But those are Buddhists.
These are French Presbytarians:
These are Catholic:
These are Irish Catholics:
Some Muslim prostrations:
a) Milan
b) London, The Enbankment
c) Manhattan's Madison Avenue:
These are non-denominational footballers in a "victory" non-teligious prostration position:
This is a Jew on the Temple Mount:
Someone like him is being charged with criminal behavior, as noted in the above charge sheet.
On October 27 this year, at just prior to 10 AM, a prostration was done which could have led to a disturbance of the public order. It was near the Golden Gate area (which is towards the north-east in the Temple Mount precincts, along the eastern wall.
The Penal Code paragraph noted is 216
Misconduct in a public place
216. (a) If a person did one of the following, then he is liable to six months imprisonment:
(1) he acted in a disorderly or indecent manner in a public place;
...(4) he conducted himself in a public place in a manner liable to cause a breach of peace;
Is this a human rights issue?
After all, as another law reads:
The Holy Places shall be protected from desecration and any other violation and from anything likely to violate the freedom of access of the members of the different religions to the places sacred to them or their feelings with regard to those places.
Anat Hoffman and supporters, where are you?
Will this make it into the US State Department report of religious freedom? (the report is here)
^
Friday, October 26, 2012
Upsetting Moore More
The guy behind Sarah Silverman's political sex antics and other far-left (anti-Sheldon Adelson ad) so-called-Jewish pro-Obama propaganda comes out:
He's Mik Moore who is president of the Jewish Council for Education and Research that launched “Obama On Israel,” a project aimed at presenting information about the president’s record on Israel.
Here's his thinking
...I took personally the disenfranchisement of voters in Palm Beach Country..In 2008, I co-founded an organization that set up what we called “The Great Schlep”...This year, the Romney/Ryan ticket and much of the Republican Party have been attempting to divide our generations, pitting one against the other...many of Romney’s proposals would hurt seniors.
Romney has vowed to repeal “Obamacare.”
...Mitt Romney and Paul Ryan seem to believe that you are ready to sell out your kids and grandkids as long as your needs are taken care of. I think Romney and Ryan are wrong. They and their fellow Republicans are underestimating the bond that exists across the generations, inside our families. Jewish tradition speaks to this obligation, to teach and care for future generations: l’dor v dor. I experience it in my own family. And I saw it in the conversations between schleppers and bubbes four years ago.
In the final weeks of the campaign, let’s get on the phone and talk to our grandparents and grandchildren. And when we vote, let’s remember what’s at stake for everyone in our families.
I am almost enticed to think - my grandparents vs. Israel's existence.
But that might upset Moore more.
"We Are Walking To..."
No, not Pretoria.
The Temple Mount.
Walking down from where the parking lot now is a few years ago:
^
Binyamin Region's Wines
Clip is here:
I assisted with the English translation (but "settler" is not a term I use).
^
Mondo Goes Solo
Mondoweiss has discovered, after a lot of "soul-searching", that anti-Zionists and pro-Palestinians are, well, anti-Semitic and they really do hate Jews and that:-
inside the movement for Palestinian human rights...a significant part of the community wants to talk about Israeli policy in the context of Jewish history and Jewish identity, and do so in a highly critical manner.
And to be more specific, there is:-
a toxic, often racist, discourse, and scares off others who would otherwise be drawn to the issues this site concerns itself with. Obviously some of our own posts have broached issues of Jewish identity; and we will continue to publish critiques of Jewish identity construction and analyses of the Jewish political establishment—what Tony Judt called the most powerful Jewish community since the Roman Empire. But we’re going to sharply circumscribe commenters’ freedom to address these issues as a special or unique Jewish problem, or to post arguments that any form of collective Jewish community-building is negative
^
The Grass and The Stone - and the Temple Mount
Where'd all the grass go?
I hope the stone is still there.
This stone:-
^
I'm Voting
It finally arrived.
My absentee ballot:-
How long did it take to get here?
36 days.
36???
Count:
First class mail takes five whole weeks to cross the Atlantic?
^
It's Coming - The Yesha Circus
We residents received a flyer this past week:-
What is being offered?
Training in circus arts.
Acrobatics.
Juggling.
Balancing.
Tzipora Aloni is the instructor.
There's nothing we can't do in Yesha.
^
Cleaning Up The Rami Levy Mess
You'll all remember the invasion and disruption of the Rami Levy Supermarket at Sha'ar Binyamin (where my wife works).
I've just now been informed this by the "International Solidarity Movement, West Bank"
Israeli authorities are threatening to deport two international acvists [sic], arrested yesterday at a non-violent action at a settlement supermarket, despite a judge ruling that they should be released. They are currently being held in immigration detention. Earlier today, defence lawyers were informed that a judge had ruled that they should be freed without charge, but this ruling was ignored by Israeli police, who handed the two activists to the Ministry of Interior, to begin the deportation process. They could be flown back to their home countries within hours, despite never having been charged, let alone convicted of any crime. They have also been repeatedly denied contact with their lawyer.
...Freedom for international activists can also be key in legal processes for Palestinians who are arrested at the same time...
In Solidarity, International Solidarity Movement
___________________
UPDATE
Their video clip.
^
Thursday, October 25, 2012
Apropos Contra Sigal Samuel
On the issue of sluttiness in the public square, and my response to her rebuttal, I now see this:
Cherub Press is proud to announce the publication of
Kabbalah, Volume 28 (2012) 320 pp. [English and Hebrew] ISBN 1-933379-31-6
(ORDER HERE)
Studies in English
...
Avraham Elqayam: Nudity in the Sanctus Sanctorum: Philo and Plotinus on Nudity, Esthetics and Sanctity
Dr Avraham Elqayam is Head of the Shlomo Moussaieff Center for Kabbalah Research and Senior lecturer in the Department of Philosophy, Division of Jewish Philosophy, Faculty of Humanities, in Bar-Ilan University, Israel...He is active in various inter-faith dialogue frameworks and maintains connections with Arab and Turkish Sufi mystic leaders. He is a founding member and member of the stirring committee of The Way of Abraham, a Jewish-Islamic Sufi order, and active member of the Homme de Parole organisation for interfaith dialogue.
^
In the Kaiser's Footsteps - But All the Way
There's a new exhibit in Jerusalem:
and it will includes an "in the footseps walk" -
Friday 07.12.12 - 11:00 "In the Footsteps of the Kaiser" Walking tour following in the footsteps of the Kaiser from Nevi'im Street to the Tower of David culminating in a visit to the exhibition.
Friday 25.01.13 - 11:00 "In the Footsteps of the Kaiser"
Walking tour following in the footsteps of the Kaiser from Nevi'im Street to the Tower of David culminating in a visit to the exhibition.
But what about his visit to the Temple Mount?
Here:
here:
Why can't we follow all the way in the Kaiser's footsteps?
^
What Has Kate Perry's Bra To Do with Moza from Qatar?
You have to read this post in order to understand why this picture is here:
That's Kate Perry above and my post refers to Qatar's Sheikha Moza bint Nasser and her visit to Gaza (who is UNESCO Special Envoy for Basic and Higher Education and UN Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon’s MDG Global Advocate for Education)
^
Olive Trees, Borders and the American Consul-General
Found (k/t=OS) here:-
Representatives from the U.S. Government and Palestinian Ministry of Agriculture Launch West Bank Olive Season
Salfit, West Bank - On Wednesday, October 24, American Consul General Michael Ratney, USAID Mission Director Mike Harvey and Palestinian Deputy Minister of Agriculture Zakaria Salawdeh joined farmers in Salfit to launch this year’s olive harvest as part of the USAID-funded ‘Olive Oil Without Borders’ project, an initiative implemented by the Near East Foundation that aims to build mutual understanding and economic cooperation between the Palestinian and Israeli olive oil sectors.
...During the event, the American Consul General commented, “Through the ‘Olive Oil without Borders’ program with the Near East Foundation, the U.S. Government is pleased to be able to bring together Palestinian and Israeli farmers, olive press owners, and traders to build trust, mutual understanding, and collaboration through economic cooperation.” The 2012 olive season is anticipated to produce approximately 22,000 tons of olive oil from more than 8 million trees. Olive farming is...an important focal point for USAID’s economic growth assistance, as well as part of its Conflict Management and Mitigation Program.
Pictures:
Well,
if this is part of a "Conflict Management and Mitigation Program",
and, if this is an American-sponsored program and America supports democracy, etc.,
and, if the program is called "Olive Oil without Borders",
will Consul-General Ratney come out to Shiloh with over 1000 dunam of olive tree groves?
After all,
The Olive Oil Without Borders’ project works to foster cross-border economic collaboration between the Israeli and Palestinian olive sectors at all levels of the value chain. Over the course of the project, USAID through the Near East Foundation will work directly with 1,428 Palestinian and Israeli olive producers...
and we are Israeli.
^
On Rachel's Tomb
I have met Yaffa, a fellow Lechi member and prisonmate of Geulah Cohen in Bethlehem's Mandatory-period Women's Detention Center.
^
A Peaches of a Star of David
Worn by Peaches Geldof Cohen.
She can be very modestly dressed:
At other times, less so.
But then, one can see something:
Those pictures were taken on the same day, by the way.
And what is that hanging from her neck?
Her stylized Star of David?
Or the ordinary one?
Let's get that into sharper focus:
Yes, I know she is not Jewish and her personal geneology. And that she and her Jewish husband were married in a church.
But that pendant symbolizes a lot.
Who knows, she may even be a Christian Zionist.
^
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Category Archives: Books
Book Review: Elegance in Science
Elegance in Science: The Beauty of Simplicity Ian Glynn, Oxford University Press, 2010 OUP, UK Amazon, US Amazon The aesthetics of mathematics and science is a tricky subject. There are some theories and theorems that are admired for their elegance … Continue reading
Posted in Books | 4 Comments
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I finally understand open source software
Image by opensource.com
(11 votes)
What does Google stand to gain from having so many open source projects? What about Twitter or Facebook? Why would companies freely give away software that cost them time, money and may help their competitors? Why is Github growing at an absurd rate, with over 2 million repositories? Why are developers world-wide giving their time and work away for free?
I've used a TON of open source software (e.g. see the "what technologies were used section" of the Resume Builder) and am a very strong believer in using open libraries and standards whenever possible. However, until just recently, the full motivation behind open source software - why so many individuals and companies contribute - never really clicked in my head. As soon as it did, I created my first open source Github project.
I realized that open source isn't about doing the world a favor, sharing, or acting charitable. It's not about freedom, choice, human rights, standardization, or any of that. Sure, all of these play a role, but none of them are enough to explain how the open source movement got to where it is today. What I think really drives open source are three major benefits to the project creator: free labor, cleaner code and portfolios.
Free labor
The benefits of open source software to an end-user are obvious: you get to use amazing libraries, operating systems, standards, and tools, for free. You can take advantage of projects that have been built and tested by hundreds or thousands of developers, learn from the source code, customize it for your needs and build bigger, better things in less time. You get to stand on the shoulders of giants.
What wasn't as obvious to me was just how much the project owner benefited from me using it. Every time I ran the code, found a bug, or tried out a benchmark, I was performing QA and performance testing - for free. Every time I asked questions online or posted a tutorial, I was writing documentation - for free. Every time I used the project in my codebase and told others about it, I was advertising the project - for free. If I created a patch, or added a new feature, or made suggestions for improvements, I was helping to design and develop the project - all for free.
In other words, the open source community using your projects is, quite literary, a totally free and incredibly effective workforce. Google open sourcing snappy may help everyone in the community do fast compression, but if they can get enough people interested in the project, it helps Google even more when that community finds bugs, fixes them, builds new features and contributes it all back to snappy. The cost of hiring a few hundred developers and QA to work on a project like snappy would be prohibitively high, even for a big company; for a lone developer, totally impossible. But open source it, and you get a huge pool of labor for free.
Cleaner code
It turns out that knowing that other people will scrutinize your code, tear apart your design, and use it in ways that you didn't expect is a superb motivation to keep things clean. The very act of taking some code and making it a "project" will encourage you to make things more modular and reusable, write documentation, use source control, track bugs, all the good stuff. It's just human nature to clean the apartment more for guests than yourself; as such, open source projects tend to be cleaner than proprietary ones.
Portfolios
Open source projects are the best portfolio a software developer or company can have. It's hard to learn much from just seeing the end product (if it's even publicly visible); interviews are sadly not too revealing either (a topic for another blog post); resumes and "about me" pages are all but useless. But when I can see every line of code, the design decisions, and the technologies involved, I can get a very good idea of the type of person or company I'm dealing with. It's the ultimate branding play: show, don't tell.
When it comes to hiring, I'll take a Github commit log over a resume any day. - John Resig
I'm a believer
I've been an open source end user for a long time. It's about time I actively start contributing. Not because it's good for the world or because I want to better humanity - it is, and I do, but that hasn't been enough motivation before. No, I'm going to contribute to open source because I finally see how it'll directly benefit me. No reason I can't be selfish and save the world at the same time.
This was originally posted on Jim's Blog and reposted with the authors permission.
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Quotation added by staff
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Hope is the parent of faith. Bartol, Cyrus A.
This quote is about hope · Search on Google Books to find all references and sources for this quotation.
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Quotation added by staff
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Liberty is the only thing you cannot have unless you are willing to give it to others. White, William Allen
This quote is about liberty · Search on Google Books to find all references and sources for this quotation.
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Broadside directing confiscation of Texas archives
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Title: Broadside directing confiscation of Texas archives
Author: Emery, F.W.
Description: This General Order was issued by the Headquarters, District of Texas, at Galveston, Texas, July 22, 1865, signed by F.W. Emery, Major, Asst. Adjutant General. Orders (military records)
Citation: Emery, F.W.. Broadside directing confiscation of Texas archives. Records (documents). 1865. From Woodson Research Center, Rice University, Britton Collection of Early Texas and U.S. Civil War documents, 1597-1903, MS 009. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/21996.
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"A REALLY INTELLIGENT INTERVIEWER." -- Lance Henriksen
"QUITE SIMPLY, THE BEST HORROR-THEMED BLOG ON THE NET." -- Joe Maddrey, Nightmares in Red White & Blue
**Find The Vault of Horror on Facebook and Twitter, or download the new mobile app!**
**Check out my other blogs, Standard of the Day, Proof of a Benevolent God and Lots of Pulp!**
Friday, May 21, 2010
The Many Faces of Count Von Count
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Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Statistics > By Release Date
5439.0 - International Merchandise Imports, Australia, Sep 2004
Previous ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 19/10/2004
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Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Statistics > By Catalogue Number
4125.0 - Gender Indicators, Australia, Jan 2013
Latest ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 30/01/2013
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Working population
Earnings, income & economic situation
Housing
Attainment
Participation
Education & employment
Health status
Deaths
Risk factors
Services
Time use
Providing care
Time stress and work & family balance
Volunteering
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Imprisonment
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Leadership roles
Recognition of Outstanding Achievement and Service
© Commonwealth of Australia 2013
Unless otherwise noted, content on this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia Licence together with any terms, conditions and exclusions as set out in the website Copyright notice. For permission to do anything beyond the scope of this licence and copyright terms contact us.
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Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Statistics > By Release Date
3222.0 - Projections of the Populations of Australia, States and Territories, 1995-2051
Previous ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 24/05/1994
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• About this Release
Biennial; ISSN:0816-3391; Four alternative projections (based on different assumptions as to future fertility, mortality and migration) of the resident population of Australia, the States and Territories at five-yearly intervals from 1995 to 2051. Number and percentage of population at selected ages, sex, sex ratios, mean and median ages. Detailed notes on methodology and background to the assumptions.
This publication has been converted from older electronic formats and does not necessarily have the same appearance and functionality as later releases.
© Commonwealth of Australia 2013
Unless otherwise noted, content on this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia Licence together with any terms, conditions and exclusions as set out in the website Copyright notice. For permission to do anything beyond the scope of this licence and copyright terms contact us.
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Research article
Randomised controlled trial of an automated, interactive telephone intervention (TLC Diabetes) to improve type 2 diabetes management: baseline findings and six-month outcomes
Emily D Williams1*, Dominique Bird1, Andrew W Forbes1, Anthony Russell2,3, Susan Ash4, Robert Friedman5, Paul A Scuffham6 and Brian Oldenburg1
Author Affiliations
1 School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
2 School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
3 Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
4 Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
5 School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
6 Centre for Applied Health Economics, School of Medicine, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
For all author emails, please log on.
BMC Public Health 2012, 12:602 doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-602
Published: 3 August 2012
Abstract
Background
Effective self-management of diabetes is essential for the reduction of diabetes-related complications, as global rates of diabetes escalate.
Methods
Randomised controlled trial. Adults with type 2 diabetes (n = 120), with HbA1c greater than or equal to 7.5 %, were randomly allocated (4 × 4 block randomised block design) to receive an automated, interactive telephone-delivered management intervention or usual routine care. Baseline sociodemographic, behavioural and medical history data were collected by self-administered questionnaires and biological data were obtained during hospital appointments. Health-related quality of life (HRQL) was measured using the SF-36.
Results
The mean age of participants was 57.4 (SD 8.3), 63% of whom were male. There were no differences in demographic, socioeconomic and behavioural variables between the study arms at baseline. Over the six-month period from baseline, participants receiving the Australian TLC (Telephone-Linked Care) Diabetes program showed a 0.8% decrease in geometric mean HbA1c from 8.7% to 7.9%, compared with a 0.2% HbA1c reduction (8.9% to 8.7%) in the usual care arm (p = 0.002). There was also a significant improvement in mental HRQL, with a mean increase of 1.9 in the intervention arm, while the usual care arm decreased by 0.8 (p = 0.007). No significant improvements in physical HRQL were observed.
Conclusions
These analyses indicate the efficacy of the Australian TLC Diabetes program with clinically significant post-intervention improvements in both glycaemic control and mental HRQL. These observed improvements, if supported and maintained by an ongoing program such as this, could significantly reduce diabetes-related complications in the longer term. Given the accessibility and feasibility of this kind of program, it has strong potential for providing effective, ongoing support to many individuals with diabetes in the future.
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Medical Images Compression Using Modified SPIHT Algorithm and Multiwavelets Transformation
Muna F Al-sammaraie
Abstract
Recently, the wavelet transform has emerged as a cutting edge technology within the field of image compression research. Wavelet methods involve overlapping transforms with varying-length basis functions. This overlapping nature of the transform alleviates blocking artifacts, while the multi-resolution character of the wavelet decomposition leads to superior energy compaction and perceptual quality of the decompressed image. Over the past decade, the success of wavelets in solving many different problems has contributed to its unprecedented popularity. Due to implementation constraints scalar wavelets do not posses all the properties which are needed for better performance in compression. New class of wavelets called ‘Multiwavelets’ which posses more than one scaling filters overcomes this problem. The objective of this paper is to develop an efficient compression scheme and to obtain better quality and higher compression ratio through multiwavelet transform and embedded coding of multiwavelet coefficients through Set Partitioning In Hierarchical Trees algorithm (SPIHT) algorithm. A comparison of the best known multiwavelets is made to the best known scalar wavelets. An adaptive image-coding algorithm for compression of medical images in the wavelet domain is presented. Both quantitative and qualitative measures of performance are examined for Medical images. The objective (based on PSNR) and subjective (perceived image quality) results of these simulations are presented.
Full Text: PDF
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Computer and Information Science ISSN 1913-8989 (Print) ISSN 1913-8997 (Online)
Copyright © Canadian Center of Science and Education
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Light Poster
28Jan2010,19:54 #11
The short answer is no. But did you expect any more from someone who posted their ?? in the "intro forum?" oops!
I wasn't sure what you meant about about a password on mine should maybe offer insight as to the password on his?? I dont have a password on mine; but then I thought you meant Id see one I could use from within my bios screen...but mine is blank & just ready to be set. Anyway, I hated to ask again what you meant; and instead when to the websites you recommended. It seems the yahoo post has the best reference to our machine w/ a possible fix. One of the links takes you to a step by step diagram about taking it apart, basically completely apart, to get to the answer.
I think I'm going to try that; just didn't have the guts yesterday, but will today. I have the PC at the kitchen table w/ my toolbox beside it; looks like a prep area to perform a major surgery...Lets hope he doesn't die on my table.
Thanks so much for checking on me! Im going to sit in the "Doctors lounge" for a couple of cups of coffee before I get started; but when Im finished, Ill be sure to send you an update. Thanks again, lisa marie
Light Poster
29Jan2010,02:49 #12
Shabbir, thank you for all of your help & patience; I decided to give up trying to take it apart; if it was my own, I wouldn't think twice; but Id hate to put his in a condition that no one would be able to revive. We'll just have to shelf it for now and Ill let him use mine/ w/ of course the promise that he doesnt try to password protect anything...
Thanks again, really , thanks!
lisa marie
Know what you can do.
29Jan2010,12:32 #13
I have taken mine and others apart before to spray them, if I spray them I take them completely apart, you only need to expose the motherboard to get to the jumper or battery. There is about 20 screws and youre done, just concentrate. If you can open a Desktop computer you can open a laptop. Both have CPU, RAM, HDD, Screen, and so on, with a laptop its just all more interconnected and a bit smaller. Try to see how far you come, the laptop wont do you any good on the shelf more than it would do after atleast an attempt.
lisamarie likes this
Contributor
29Mar2010,15:58 #14
you can reset password by removing the BIOS battery and also by removing jumper.
Go4Expert Member
6May2010,23:10 #15
Open your laptop and check to see if there a jumper labelled clear CMOS or clr CMOS or any abbreviation that suggests CMOS. Fuse that jumper and on your laptop.
if this couldnt help, get 'Hiren's boot cd', a bootable cd that provides options for password cracking.
Else us the same boot cd to back-up the the bios on your pc. download the bios from the manufacturer's website then use it to flash the the bios rom chip. Make sure you download the correct bios for your system and flash the bios well. mostly they come on floppy disks. insert the floppy disk and restart the computer.
I hope one of these help you.
Contributor
3Jun2010,11:57 #16
First start your system then go press f8 for booting.
Go on safe mode and select the administrator account
On there you can change password or delete.
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Bibliography: An Evil Hour
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Title: An Evil Hour
Author: Russell Blackford
Year: 2003
Type: NOVEL
Series: The New John Connor Chronicles
Series Number: 2
ISFDB Record Number: 24054
User Rating: This title has fewer than 5 votes. VOTE
Current Tags: None Add Tags
Publications:
Copyright (c) 1995-2011 Al von Ruff.
ISFDB Engine - Version 4.00 (04/24/06)
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Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2008, 9(8), 1435-1452; doi:10.3390/ijms9081435
Review
Water and Muscle Contraction
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ferrara University, Via Borsari 46, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
Received: 4 June 2008; in revised form: 29 July 2008 / Accepted: 30 July 2008 / Published: 18 August 2008
Download PDF Full-Text [155 KB, uploaded 2 October 2008 12:05 CEST]
Abstract: The interaction between water and the protein of the contractile machinery as well as the tendency of these proteins to form geometrically ordered structures provide a link between water and muscle contraction. Protein osmotic pressure is strictly related to the chemical potential of the contractile proteins, to the stiffness of muscle structures and to the viscosity of the sliding of the thin over the thick filaments. Muscle power output and the steady rate of contraction are linked by modulating a single parameter, a viscosity coefficient. Muscle operation is characterized by working strokes of much shorter length and much quicker than in the classical model. As a consequence the force delivered and the stiffness attained by attached cross-bridges is much larger than usually believed.
Keywords: Water; muscle contraction; osmotic pressure; chemical potential; stiffness; viscosity; working stroke.
Article Statistics
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Cite This Article
MDPI and ACS Style
Grazi, E. Water and Muscle Contraction. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2008, 9, 1435-1452.
AMA Style
Grazi E. Water and Muscle Contraction. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2008; 9(8):1435-1452.
Chicago/Turabian Style
Grazi, Enrico. 2008. "Water and Muscle Contraction." Int. J. Mol. Sci. 9, no. 8: 1435-1452.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. EISSN 1422-0067 Published by MDPI AG, Basel, Switzerland RSS E-Mail Table of Contents Alert
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Nano Express
Electrical resistance of CNT-PEEK composites under compression at different temperatures
Mohammad Mohiuddin and Suong Van Hoa
Author Affiliations
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Concordia Centre for Composites, Centre for Applied Research on Polymers and Composites (CREPEC), Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. W Montréal, Québec, Canada H3G 1M8
Nanoscale Research Letters 2011, 6:419 doi:10.1186/1556-276X-6-419
The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://www.nanoscalereslett.com/content/6/1/419
Received:15 October 2010
Accepted:13 June 2011
Published:13 June 2011
© 2011 Mohiuddin and Van Hoa; licensee Springer.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Electrically conductive polymers reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have generated a great deal of scientific and industrial interest in the last few years. Advanced thermoplastic composites made of three different weight percentages (8%, 9%, and 10%) of multiwalled CNTs and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) were prepared by shear mixing process. The temperature- and pressure-dependent electrical resistance of these CNT-PEEK composites have been studied and presented in this paper. It has been found that electrical resistance decreases significantly with the application of heat and pressure.
Keywords:
Compression pressure; Carbon nanotubes; Polyether ether ketone (PEEK); electrical resistance; tunneling
Introduction
Electrical conductivity of thermoplastic composites containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is due to the formation of a continuous conductive network in the polymer matrix [1]. This network consists of specific spatial arrangement of conductive elements so that low resistance electrical paths are developed for free movement of electrons. Enhancement of electrical conductivity of polymer by mixing them with multiwalled carbon nanotubes has found significant applications in newer areas such as electrostatic charge dissipation, electronic equipment, pressure sensors, sensor of vehicle weight in highways, selective gas sensors, and strategic materials such as EMI/RFI shielding in computer and cellular phone housing etc. [2-4].
The electrical resistance of conductive polymeric composites changes with externally applied heat and pressure [5,6]. Surveying of literature shows that most researchers so far explored the applicability of pressure sensors made of carbon black, carbon fiber, CNT, metallic powders, graphite, etc. as conducting element and elastomeric rubber materials like NBR, SBR, EPDM etc. as matrix [7-10]. Limited work has been done on the possibility of using advanced thermoplastic materials, e.g., PEEK, PMMA as matrix in manufacturing pressure sensing element.
Experimental
Materials
Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) powder of grain size 80 μm purchased from Good Fellow, England was used as polymer matrix and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNT) Baytubes C 150 P (C-purity ≥95 wt.%, length > 1 μm, diameter 4-13 nm, synthesized by chemical vapor deposition) purchased from Bayer MaterialScience, Leverkusen, Germany were used as the filler in this study. Both PEEK and carbon nanotubes were used "as received" to fabricate the samples.
Sample preparation and testing
The melting and high temperature shear mixing was done in a laboratory scale Torque Rheometry system Brabender Intelli-Torque Plasti-Corder (type IT 7150) at mixing temperature of 380°C, rotor speed of 100 rpm, and mixing time 20 min. High shear mixing is usually carried out when the nanoparticles are in solid and the polymer matrix is in liquid or powder form [11]. Under these conditions, high shear mixing breaks the nanoparticle aggregates and disperses the nanoparticles into the polymer matrix. To achieve uniform dispersion of nanotubes, helical-shaped twin screw extruders were used in the mixing machine. Different weight percentages of CNT were mixed with PEEK. The CNT/PEEK melt was then molded in a Wabash compression molding machine at melting temperature of PEEK (340°C) with compaction pressure of 10 tons and holding time 15 min using a mold made of 1.4-mm thick stainless steel plate with six holes of 25.4 mm diameter. This produces six round-shaped samples having 25.4 mm diameter and 1.4 mm thickness at one time. After cooling and solidification, the samples were polished by 400 series sand paper and tested for electrical properties.
Electrical resistance measurement
The electrical resistance measured by Fluke digital multimeter Rmeasured consists of following three components:
The electrical volume resistivity of the composites was measured using a high resistance meter (Model 4339B, Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA). From volume resistivity and geometry of the sample, the actual sample electrical resistances (Rsample) were calculated using the equation where t is the thickness, A is the cross sectional area, ρ is the volume resistivity of the sample.
Metallic hook was connected to a highly conductive copper wire of short length (about 300 mm) so that magnitudes of the component Rwires is much smaller than the other terms and can be ignored. Contact resistance (Rcontact) plays a significant role relative to the overall specimen resistance. Contact resistance depends on contact area, contact gap, type of junction (metallic/metallic or metallic/semiconducting) etc. Conductive silver paint [12] is commonly used to minimize the contact resistance at electrodes. In our case, under application of pressure and temperature, the contact points are expanded under compression plate which may affect the measurement of actual sample resistance. To overcome this situation and to get repeatable result, we impregnated the conductive copper mesh on both surfaces of the samples (Figure 1) by pressing them in the Wabash hot press at 340°C for 1 min with a small compaction pressure of 0.5 ton. To impregnate the copper mesh onto the round shaped CNT-PEEK sample, a very thin film of same percentage of CNT and PEEK was used on top and bottom of the sample so that the copper mesh is impregnated permanently and does not move laterally during the compression experiment. With this arrangement, the contact resistance does not change under application of compression and temperature. As such, for comparison purposes, the effect of the contact resistance on different samples can be factored out. Electrical wires are connected to the copper meshes for electrical resistance measurement.
Figure 1. Pictures of CNT-PEEK samples.
To measure the electrical resistance at elevated temperatures under compression, the entire electrode system was placed in a confined aluminum heater where the temperature could be monitored and controlled over the range 20-500°C. Heat was supplied to the sample by a programmable i-series temperature/process controller purchased from Omega Engineering Inc., Stamford, CT, USA. Electrical resistance was measured while compression pressure was applied using MTS testing machine. The samples were compressed by applying a pressure along the thickness direction from 0 to 40 MPa with increments of 2 MPa. Temperature was increased simultaneously from 40°C to 140°C with increments of 10°C. Each pressure and temperature level was kept constant for 5 min to get stable readings of sample resistance. At a constant temperature and pressure, the sample resistance was measured across the thickness of the sample by using a Fluke digital multimeter, which can measure resistances up to 100 MΩ.
Results and discussion
The experiments were performed for at least three samples for each of the 8%, 9%, and 10% CNTs. Rmeasured and Rsample (obtained by calculation from resistivity data) at zero pressure and room temperature are presented in Table 1. The difference between measured and calculated resistances is less than 8%. This can be due to contact resistance and to variability in sample to sample and experimental errors. This degree of error can be used to indicate the degree of accuracy of the results.
Table 1. Comparison of electrical resistance Rsample and Rmeasured at 0 pressure and Troom
Effect of temperature
Figure 2 shows the effect of temperature on electrical resistance at no applied pressure. The following can be observed:
Figure 2. Comparison of electrical resistance at different temperatures and at zero pressure.
• Higher amount of CNT gives lower electrical resistance. The effect of the amount of CNT is more at lower temperature than at higher temperature.
• Increasing temperature reduces the electrical resistance (negative temperature coefficient, or NTC)
• At 10% CNT, the curve is close to that of a straight line. The curves are nonlinear for 9% CNT and 8% CNT. The effect of increasing temperature on reduction in electrical resistance is more at lower temperature range (from 20°C to 70°C) than at higher temperature range (from 70°C to 140°C).
The terminology used to indicate the reduction in electrical resistance due to temperature increase is NTC. The opposite effect is positive temperature coefficient (PTC). The symbol OTC can be used to indicate no temperature effect on resistance. Whether any of these effects occurs depends on the nature of the polymer, the filler, and the concentration of the filler. PTC effect has been reported by many researchers for carbon fiber-filled elastomeric composites [7], Carbon black-polyethylene (PE) composites [13,14], short carbon fiber-filled LMWPE-UHMWPE composites [15], multiwalled CNT-filled high-density PE composites [16]. On the other hand, NTC effect has also been reported for carbon black-low density PE composites [17], multiwalled CNT-polyurethane (PU) composites [18], acetylene carbon black-filled systems [19] etc. The PEEK/CNT in this study shows NTC effect. This effect is stronger at the lower temperature range than at high temperature range.
Effect of temperature and pressure
Figure 3 shows the effect of both temperature and pressure. Note that the same three samples were used to produce the results in Figures 2 and 3. The results in Figure 2 were obtained first. For example, the sample with 8% CNT was heated to 140°C while the resistances were measured. This sample was then cooled down, and pressure and temperature were applied to produce the results shown in Figure 3. The resistance values at room temperature and zero pressure in Figure 3 are slightly larger than those in Figure 2. For example, for 8% CNT, this value in Figure 3 is about 3,000 Ω while that in Figure 2 is about 3,300 Ω. This can be due to irreversible changes in the conducting networks caused by the initial heating process [7] which induces some residual conductivity. In Figure 3, two sets of curves are shown. The upper set of curves presents the results for room temperature, while the lower ones for 140°C. The following can be observed:
Figure 3. Electrical resistance vs. pressure at room temperature and 140°C.
• Increasing the pressure reduces the electrical resistance. The effect of pressure is more at room temperature than at 140°C.
• At room temperature, the effect of pressure is more in the lower pressure range (from 0 to 20 MPa) and there is almost no pressure effect at higher pressure (more than 20 MPa)
• There is almost no effect of pressure on the electrical resistance at 140°C, particularly for higher CNT loadings (9% and 10%).
Explanation for the effect of temperature and pressure on electrical resistance of CNT/polymer composites
The effect of temperature and pressure on the electrical resistance of CNT/polymer composites may be explained based upon two main mechanisms responsible for electrical conductivity (or electrical resistance) in CNT/polymer composites.
• Particle contacts - conduction by electron transport. The contacts between the different carbon nantubes provide the circuit for electrons to flow. At the percolation threshold, there is just sufficient contact for the material to be conductive. Above the percolation threshold, parameters that affect the number of contacts are:
◦ Amount of fillers. More CNTs, more contacts, and lower electrical resistance. This is evident in Figures 2 and 3.
◦ More compression. Compression squeezes the CNTs together, giving better probability for contacts (Figure 3).
◦ There is a saturation phenomenon for both the amount of fillers and the level of compression. This means that the rate of reduction of electrical resistance is more at lower levels of CNT and compression and the rate reduces as the levels of fillers or compression are increased. This is because once full electrical conductivity is established; it is difficult to increase it.
◦ Aspect ratio of fillers. The aspect ratio of the fillers has important influence on the electrical resistance. Larger aspect ratio reduces electrical resistance. Ansari et al [20] studied the electrical conductivity of PVDF reinforced with two types of fillers. They found that Functionalized Graphene sheet (FGS)-PVDF system exhibited NTC while exfoliated graphite (EG)-polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) system exhibits PTC. The explanation given is that FGS has higher aspect ratio than EG.
• Conduction by electron tunneling. In addition to conduction by electron transport across contact points, conductivity in CNT/polymer system also occurs by electron tunneling across gaps between the CNTs. Conduction by electron tunneling depends on the length of the gap between the CNTs. The longer is the gap, the more difficult is the electron tunneling, and the larger is the electrical resistance. Parameters that affect the electron tunneling are:
◦ The relative dominance between the number of contacts and the gaps between the CNTs. If the number of contacts is dominant then increase in temperature would increase in electron activity and this would reduce the electrical resistance. There should be a critical amount of contacts beyond which the gaps between the CNTs would become irrelevant.
◦ The stiffness of the polymer material. In situations where there is a relatively small amount of fillers, the stiffness of the polymer material plays an important role. For material with higher stiffness, increasing in temperature may not produce in large deformation of the gaps between CNTs, while the opposite holds true for material with lower stiffness. Work done in references [7,13-16] showed PTC. These experiments were performed above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymers (Tg of Elastomer -70°C, PE -120°C, PVDF -35°C). Our investigation for CNT-PEEK composites was carried out below glass transition temperature, Tg (Tg of PEEK is 146°C) and we obtained NTC. However Figure 2 shows that the NTC effect decreases with increasing temperature, due to the softening of the polymer at higher temperature.
The change in electrical resistance with applied pressure can be explained by considering several phenomena that happens simultaneously in the composite system: breakdown of existing conductive paths, formation of new conductive paths and change or redistribution of conductive paths [21]. Formation of this conducting path occurs by direct contact between electrically conductive CNTs and when the inter particle distance between CNTs is only few nanometers. There exists a threshold value of 1.8 nm [22] for this inter particle gap at which electrons can easily jump across the gap (electron tunneling). Application of high pressure reduces this electron tunneling gap, thereby leading the composites to exhibit high conductivity at high applied pressure.
Conclusion
Electrically conductive CNT reinforced PEEK composites were manufactured and effect of temperature and pressure on the electrical resistance was studied. Negative temperature coefficient of resistivity (NTC effect) has been noticed in the case of CNT-PEEK composites over a temperature range from room temperature to 140°C. Application of pressure also reduces the electrical resistance. The explanation for this behavior was given based on two main mechanisms responsible for the electrical conductivity of CNT/polymer composites. This relates to the influence of the amount of fillers, the aspect ratio of the fillers and the stiffness of the matrix.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
MM: (i) has made substantial contributions to conception and design (ii) prepared the sample and did the experiment (iii) did analysis and interpretation of experimental data (iv) drafted the manuscript.
SVH: (i) has made substantial contributions to conception and design (ii) revised the manuscript critically for important intellectual content (iii) has given final approval of the version to be published.
Acknowledgements
Financial support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) is appreciated.
References
1. Ghosp P, Chakrabart A: Conducting carbon black filled EPDM vulcanizates: assessment of dependence of physical and mechanical properties and conducting character on variation of filler loading.
European Polymer Journal 2000, 36:1043. Publisher Full Text
2. Volf J, Holy S, Vlcek J: Using of tactile transducer for pressure-distribution measurement on the sole of the foot .
Sensors and Actuators A 1997, 62:556. Publisher Full Text
3. Zheng WG, Wong SC, Sue HJ: Transport behavior of PMMA/expanded graphite nanocomposites.
Polymer 2002, 43:6767. Publisher Full Text
4. Chen X, Ziang Y, Wu Z, Li D, Yang J: Morphology and gas-sensitive properties of polymer based composite films.
Sensors and Actuators B 2000, 66:37. Publisher Full Text
5. Das NC, Chaki TK, Khastgir D: Effect of processing parameters, applied pressure and temperature on the electrical resistivity of rubber-based conductive composites .
Carbon 2002, 40:807. Publisher Full Text
6. Zhang XW, Pan Y, Zheng Q, Yi XS: Time dependence of piezoresistance for the conductor-filled polymer composites.
J Polym Sci B, Polym Phys 2000, 38:2739. Publisher Full Text
7. Sau KP, Chaki TK, Khastgir D: Carbon fibre filled conductive composites based on nitrile rubber (NBR), ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM) and their blend.
Polymer 1998, 39:6461. Publisher Full Text
8. Chen G, Lu J, Lu W, Wu D, Wu C: Time-dependence of piezo-resistive behavior for polyethylene/foliated graphite nanocomposites.
Polym Int 2005, 54:1689.
9. Lu W, Lin H, Wu D, Chen G: Unsaturated polyester resin/graphite nanosheet conducting composites with a low percolation threshold .
Polymer 2006, 47:4440. Publisher Full Text
10. Yoshimura K, Nakano K, Miyake T, Hishikawa Y, Kuzuya C:
Carbon. 2007, 45:1997. Publisher Full Text
11. Koo JH: Polymer Nanocomposites-Processing, Characterization, and applications.
McGraw-Hill Nanoscience and Technology Series 2006, 72.
12. Thostenson ET, Ziaee S, Chou TW: Processing and electrical properties of carbon nanotube/vinyl ester nanocomposites .
Comp Sci and Technol 2009, 69:801. Publisher Full Text
13. Bishoff MH, Dolle EF: Electrical conductivity of carbon black–polyethylene composites: Experimental evidence of the change of cluster connectivity in the PTC effect.
Carbon 2001, 39(3):375. Publisher Full Text
14. Lee JH, Kim SK, Kim NH: Effects of the addition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the positive temperature coefficient characteristics of carbon-black-filled high-density polyethylene nanocomposites .
Scr Mater 2006, 55(12):1119. Publisher Full Text
15. Xi Y, Ishikawa H, Bin Y, Matsuo M: Positive temperature coefficient effect of LMWPE–UHMWPE blends filled with short carbon fibers.
Carbon 2004, 42(8-9):1699. Publisher Full Text
16. He XJ, Du JH, Ying Z, Cheng HM: Positive temperature coefficient effect in multiwalled carbon nanotube/high-density polyethylene composites.
Applied Physics Letters 2005, 86:062112. Publisher Full Text
17. Tang H, Chen X, Luo Y: Studies on the PTC/NTC effect of carbon black filled low density polyethylene composites.
Eur Polym J 1997, 33(3):1383.
18. Xiang ZD, Chen T, Li ZM, Bian XC: Negative Temperature Coefficient of Resistivity in Lightweight Conductive Carbon Nanotube/Polymer Composites.
Macromol Mater Eng 2009, 294:91. Publisher Full Text
19. Slupkowski T: Electrical conductivity of polymers modified with conductive powders.
Int Polym Sci Technol 1986, 13(1986):80.
20. Ansari S, Giannelis EP: Functionalized graphene sheet—Poly(vinylidene fluoride) conductive nanocomposites.
J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys 2009, 47:888. Publisher Full Text
21. Luheng W, Tianhuai D, Peng W:
Sensors and Actuators A. 2007, 135:587. Publisher Full Text
22. Li C, Thostenson ET, Chou TW: Dominant role of tunneling resistance in the electrical conductivity of carbon nanotube–based composites.
Applied Physics letters 2007, 91:223114. Publisher Full Text
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Nano Express
Fabrication and characterization of WO3/Ag/WO3 multilayer transparent anode with solution-processed WO3 for polymer light-emitting diodes
Kangmin Jeon, Hongseok Youn, Seongbeom Kim, Seongbeom Shin and Minyang Yang*
Author Affiliations
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Deajeon, 305-701, South Korea
For all author emails, please log on.
Nanoscale Research Letters 2012, 7:253 doi:10.1186/1556-276X-7-253
Published: 15 May 2012
Abstract
The dielectric/metal/dielectric multilayer is suitable for a transparent electrode because of its high-optical and high-electrical properties; however, it is fabricated by an expensive and inefficient multistep vacuum process. We present a WO3/Ag/WO3 (WAW) multilayer transparent anode with solution-processed WO3 for polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs). This WAW multilayer not only has high transmittance and low resistance but also can be easily and rapidly fabricated. We devised a novel method to deposit a thin WO3 layer by a solution process in an air environment. A tungstic acid solution was prepared from an aqueous solution of Na2WO4 and then converted to WO3 nanoparticles (NPs) by a thermal treatment. Thin WO3 NP layers form WAW multilayer with a thermal-evaporated Ag layer, and they improve the transmittance of the WAW multilayer because of its high transmittance and refractive index. Moreover, the surface of the WO3 layer is homogeneous and flat with low roughness because of the WO3 NP generation from the tungstic acid solution without aggregation. We performed optical simulation and experiments, and the optimized WAW multilayer had a high transmittance of 85% with a sheet resistance of 4 Ω/sq. Finally, PLEDs based on the WAW multilayer anode achieved a maximum luminance of 35,550 cd/m2 at 8 V, and this result implies that the solution-processed WAW multilayer is appropriate for use as a transparent anode in PLEDs.
Keywords:
Multilayer; Transparent anode; WO3; Polymer light-emitting diodes
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OpenWetWare steering committee/SC retreat
From OpenWetWare
(Difference between revisions)
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(Draft OWW Goals & Mission: - biological sciences and engineering)
(Draft OWW Goals & Mission)
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The goals of OWW are to support open research, education, publication, and discussion in biological sciences and engineering. We promote and support collaborations among researchers, students, and others who are working towards these goals.
The goals of OWW are to support open research, education, publication, and discussion in biological sciences and engineering. We promote and support collaborations among researchers, students, and others who are working towards these goals.
+
+
=Meeting Minutes=
+
[[OpenWetWare steering committee/SC retreat/minutes]]
Revision as of 17:13, 25 July 2006
The OWW retreat is a relaxed opportunity to reevalute the mission and future directions of OpenWetWare.
Location: 68-121
Time: 1pm - 6pm
Contents
Location Suggestions
Location should be able to handle teleconferencing. Fast internet connection would probably be sufficient - we could use skype.
68-121 is now reserved from 1pm to 8pm --Sri Kosuri 14:54, 18 July 2006 (EDT)
Agenda (1pm-6pm)
Welcome/Introducion (1:00-1:30pm)
• Why we're having this meeting:
• Survival of OWW (technical infrastructure)
• Decisions are currently made ad-hoc, would like to have a mission statement for OWW to use to evaluate options more systematically.
• Decide on an organizational structure to make decisions and carry them out.
• This meeting is not a discussion of how we might specifically implement new technologies on the site (e.g. we should focus on bigger issues, rather than technical implementation details.)
• 5 min introductions:
• Who you are, what you currently use OWW for and your vision for OWW in the future.
Technical infrastructure
• What would it take to keep the site operating indefinitely in its current incarnation.
Mission (1:30-3:00)
To help specify a mission statement, we have listed the current mission statement as well as outlined some of the current issues in each of the major areas of use on OWW. We hope that thinking about these issues will help to crystalize the contentious components of the mission statement.
Current mission statement
OpenWetWare is an effort to promote the sharing of information, know-how, and wisdom among researchers and groups who are working in biology & biological engineering. OWW provides a place for labs, individuals, and groups to organize their own information and collaborate with others easily and efficiently. In the process, we hope that OWW will not only lead to greater collaboration between member groups, but also provide a useful information portal to our colleagues, and ultimately the rest of the world.
Research Laboratory Communities
• Users have requested private pages on the wiki, for sharing sensitive information amongst collaborators.
• Usually we can enable both collaboration and open sharing, but in this case they butt heads - what is the priority for OWW in this case?
• Users have requested a distribution of OWW to run locally in their labs with easy mechanisms to post content to the main OWW site.
• Is it worth our time to develop tools that are useful to biological researchers independent of the OWW site?
• Labs use OWW as their lab/collaboration (syntheticbiology.org) homepage
• How actively do we encourage this (vs. contributing to the shared information resources)?
• Is there a way to let these "specialized" collaborations occur while encouraging/requiring some contribution to shared resources? Should we be more explicit with rules? i.e. some of your content must contribute to the OWW community as a whole if you are going to host your site on OWW; you can't be an independent unit that doesn't "interact" with the rest of the community.
• Doesn't having content in the OWW domain make the interaction with the rest of the community automatic?
• Labs unaffialited with biology have requested to be on OWW, up till now we have rejected their requests.
• Should we remain solely a biology resource? If so, where is the line between biology and the rest of science/engineering?
• Need to have a clear "definition" of biology to do this. May need a more formal mechanism (by committee?) to decide who can join. How is this decided now?
• What are the worries about other sciences joining? Is it because of a scientific culture clash, or is it more pragmatic (like handling more data than we can)? At the moment, biology is welcoming fresh eyes from a variety of traditional fields like physics and applied mathematics, so it seems like limiting participation to biology only will be a fuzzy endeavor.
• Are ethicists, policy-makers, science reporters, etc, included in our community?
• There are currently some non-biology groups and users on the site. Do we reevaluate the eligibility of all current users on the site to ensure everyone fits into our community guidelines and remove those who don't?
Shared information resources
• Users have developed shared information resources pages - such as protocols, materials, equipment, strains, etc.
• Users also put up their own versions of protocols, materials, etc, should we encourage either approach over the other?
Education
• There have been a couple courses taught using OWW. OWW was useful for course development, increasing student involvement, reusing materials, and course improvements. Research communities have used some of the course materials as well.
• Do we have any restrictions on the type of course that can be hosted on OWW? Should it be limited to lab courses, biology courses, etc?
• There are HS Biology Olympiad pages on OWW, should we allow that to continue?
• Should we have non-researcher students on the site?
• Is OWW only a resource for current researchers or is it also a vehicle to encourage new people to explore/participate in research?
Publishing
• John is using OWW to allow for feedback on submitted abstracts, others have posted lab notebooks, preliminary results, drafts of papers for publication, etc.
• Do we want to encourage the development of OWW as an alternative publishing platform?
• Does OWW want to serve as a tool/resource to aid in the traditional publication process (i.e. post preliminary results, drafts, etc. with the aim that they will eventually lead to a publication in a journal), or does OWW want to promote a new publication model? The latter could mean that results and 'articles' posted and developed on OWW could serve as the end publication - one that can be read and commented, and ever perhaps edited by the whole community. Or maybe OWW is the apropriate place to discuss and figure out what an alternative publishing model is.
• If we do this, are we responsible for figuring out how this may or may not impact publication of similar material in more traditional formats? i.e. Does OWW have a responsibility to its users to inform them of what publication/ownership rights they may be giving up by posting things on the site?
Meta
• Are we restricting ourselves by defining a mission itself. Currently, we allow almost everything that has to do with biology on the site. This has allowed us to take advantage of opportunities that individuals have started, and usurp them into the larger mission of OWW. However, it also puts us in a dillemma when we have to consider where to pool our resources to make improvements. What do people think?
Others
• ???
BREAK - cookies! (3:00-3:30pm)
Organizational Structure (3:30-5:00pm)
Current approach
• Steering committee discusses topics seeking consensus.
• Membership is voluntary.
• Secretary/Coordinator to run meetings, take notes
• Volunteer sub-comittee chairs (Education, Info Management, Publicity, etc)
• Admin list deciding on new user approvals and are the point of contact for people emailing OWW.
• This list is volunteers from the SC: Sri, Jason, Austin, Ilya, Reshma, Barry, Ty, Jeff
• Technical team: Sri, Austin, Ilya
• Have access to write to the server and interface with Tech Square, Inc.
• No formal mechanism was used to choose these members.
• Spokespeople to press, etc: Sri, Jason, Drew in practice
• No formal mechanism was used to choose these members.
• Other opportunities are addressed by adhoc groups
• OCW, NSF grant, Nature
Problems
• No agreed upon mechanism for making official decisions
• No clear spokesperson to interact with press, 3rd parties, etc.
• How best to involve new (non-local) people in leadership of the site.
Options
• How do people feel about setting in place an organizational structure for next 6 months based on the current adhoc leadership. This will give them explicit authority, rather than the current implicit approach. Secondly, all major decisions not directly related to the sub-positions will be made by majority vote of the steering committee. TO be clear the sub-positions are:
1. SC Coordinator - organizes SC meetings
2. SC Secretary - takes meeting notes, organizes the SC wiki area
3. Site administration team (may need leader) - keeps site infrastructure functioning and updated
4. Spokesperson - talks to cold calling 3rd parties - individuals would still be able to setup new interactions independent of the spokesperson, e.g. reshma talking to OCW
• During the next 6 months a group will be responsible for defining the long-term organizational structure and it would be voted on by the SC in December. or if we have time we can figure all this out today :).
Break (5:00-5:15)
Conclusions & Other topics(5:15-6:00pm)
• Things we missed.
• Wrap-up
Previous Discussions
OpenWetWare steering committee/SC retreat/Previous discussion
Draft OWW Goals & Mission
The goals of OWW are to support open research, education, publication, and discussion in biological sciences and engineering. We promote and support collaborations among researchers, students, and others who are working towards these goals.
Meeting Minutes
OpenWetWare steering committee/SC retreat/minutes
Personal tools
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SCP-501
rating: +32+x
Item #: SCP-501
Object Class: Euclid
Special Containment Procedures: SCP-501 is kept in a securely locked opaque safe in a cell 5m x 5m x 5m in Site 3. The cell is guarded by two level 2 security guards who undergo daily psychological evaluations. The interior of the cell must also be monitored at all times by no fewer than two (2) security cameras, with a separate guard observing the monitor for each camera. These cameras must be connected to a backup generator so they will continue functioning in the event of a blackout. All requests for experiments must be cleared by at least three Overseers. Any personnel attempting to gain unauthorized access to SCP-501's containment cell will be either detained for psychological evaluation or terminated, depending on clearance level.
Description: Due to the nature of SCP-501's psychological effects when viewed, it is difficult to ascertain an accurate visual description. According to reports from D-class personnel who have had visual contact with SCP-501, it is an American one-dollar bill that radiates a glowing amber aura. Robotically controlled chemical analysis indicates that it is chemically identical to ordinary dollar-bills.
When a person views SCP-501, they are immediately overwhelmed by a desire to obtain it. Studies with D-class personnel have shown that this desire fades after a time, but that that time increases exponentially the longer SCP-501 is viewed. Further studies have shown that those affected by SCP-501 will stop at nothing to fulfill their desire, willingly resorting to violence and even self-mutilation to achieve their goal. Viewing SCP-501 indirectly through a monitor or while wearing vision-reducing goggles does not seem to hinder SCP-501's effect in any way.
An experiment was conducted to ascertain the effect of SCP-501 on individuals who are successful in obtaining it. D-class member D-501 was chained to the wall of the containment cell, and all other personnel were evacuated from the cell. The security monitors were briefly switched off as a programmed robotic arm opened the safe containing SCP-501, allowing D-501 to view it briefly. The arm then proceeded to move SCP-501 onto a machine in the cell that hermetically sealed SCP-501 in an opaque, jet black steel case. Researchers then re-entered the cell and unchained D-501 from the wall, allowing him to obtain the sealed SCP-501, at which point the researchers moved to a safe viewing location to observe the actions of D-501. A speaker was placed on the ceiling, and researchers were instructed to grant all requests made by D-501 that would not involve releasing him from the cell, would not result in possible visual exposure of the researchers to SCP-501, and would not violate safety or security protocols. The test began at 1:43 PM.
10-20-09, 1:43 PM: Subject acquires the sealed SCP-501. Subject stares at it without blinking for 10 minutes. Some researchers believe that the subject is still able to see SCP-501 even through its sealed case.
10-20-09, 1:53 PM: Subject suddenly stops staring and begins to strip all of his clothing. Researchers hear him muttering “I must remove the contamination” repeatedly as he does this.
10-20-09, 1:55 PM: Subject throws all the removed clothing into the corner of the room, after which he looks into the speaker and requests a razor. Request tentatively granted. The razor is carried in by an armed security guard. Subject takes the item and the guard leaves. Subject immediately and violently shaves off all the hair on his body and discards it in the same corner as his clothes. Subject cuts himself several times in the process, but does not seem to react or notice. As he shaves, he is heard over the speaker repeatedly muttering “Begone, unwanted possessions.” Subject discards the razor in a similar fashion to his hair and clothes after he finishes using it.
10-20-09, 2:00 PM: Subject enters a lotus position and begins to meditate without closing his eyes or taking his eyes off of the sealed SCP-501.
10-20-09, 2:23 PM: Subject is heard whispering “I see” to himself. He stands up and looks again at the speaker. He says: “I hereby renounce all of my worldly possessions other than The Holy One. I do not need anything other than The Holy One. Everything else is a contamination and must be forsaken.” A researcher acknowledges the request, after which the subject immediately returns to his meditative stance.
10-24-09, 12:00 PM: Subject ceases breathing. Subject has not moved since he resumed his meditation on 10-20-09 and is presumed to have died of thirst.
<End Log>
Unless otherwise stated, the content of this page is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License
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Google Showing Product Images in AdWords, Where The Organic Results Go?
Oct 24, 2008 • 7:58 am | (2) by | Filed Under Google AdWords
Google AdWords: Now With Images that I wrote at Search Engine Land described a newish AdWords interface I spotted. In short, a search for diamonds or other searches that would bring up an ad from Blue Nile, would show a special type of AdWords ad.
The AdWords ad is similar to what we covered in November and January but without the pictures. In short, the ad shows a + sign that reads "Show products from Blue Nile for diamonds." When you click it, it opens up three additional product results, with images.
Look at how much screen real estate it takes up. I made sure the screen captures are exactly the same height:
Closed:
Open:
I have a pretty big monitor. So, let's look at this on a very popular resolution of 1024x768:
All you see are ads!
Is this good for the advertiser? I assume it is. How about for the searcher? They do have the ability to close those results.
Forum discussion at Google Blogoscoped Forums.
Previous story: Daily Search Forum Recap: October 23, 2008
blog comments powered by Disqus
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Google Improves Parameter Handling For Faceted Navigation Control
Oct 11, 2010 • 8:32 am | (2) by | Filed Under Google Search Engine Optimization
About a week ago, we reported on the new percentage change reporting in the Google Webmaster Tools query report. As a side note to that, I mentioned the parameter handeling feature was moved to a new section. I did not notice that new features were added to the parameter handeling tool.
Google wrote about the changes and explained what is new for parameter handling. Google is basically giving us more control over SEO issues with faceted navigation and more. Google said:
You now have the ability to choose a specific value among the known values for a given URL parameter. This is important when a parameter is relevant to the content, but different values of this parameter lead to similar pages. For example, consider a sorting parameter, like “sort-by” in the following URLs:
http://example.com/shop.php?category=candy&sort-by=asc-price&page=1 http://example.com/shop.php?category=candy&sort-by=desc-price&page=1 http://example.com/shop.php?category=candy&sort-by=asc-price&page=2 http://example.com/shop.php?category=candy&sort-by=desc-price&page=2
These four URLs show products in the candy category. There are enough items in this category to fill two pages, and the products shown can be sorted by price, in ascending or descending order. Selecting action “Ignore” for parameter “sort-by” would be incorrect and could potentially limit our indexing of the site. This is because, after ignoring “sort-by”, we would consider the first two URLs equivalent and may choose to index the URL with ascending sort order. We would also consider the last two URLs equivalent and may choose to index the URL with descending sort order. In this scenario, we would be indexing the candy category inconsistently, with some candy products appearing in both of the pages selected for the index, while other candy products not appearing in either of them. The right solution comes from the new action “Use specific value” now available in Webmaster Tools. To avoid duplicates but still keep our indexing consistent, you can simply select action “Use specific value” for parameter “sort-by” and choose one of the valid values, say “asc-price”. After this, our indexing would be fully consistent, as we would focus only on the pages with products sorted by ascending price.
Here is a picture:
Vanessa Fox wrote about it at Search Engine Land and Tedster said in a WebmasterWorldthread, "I find this to be a thoughtful addition to the box of tricks offered in Webmaster Tools."
Forum discussion at Sphinn & WebmasterWorld.
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Source:Schweitzer, George K. South Carolina Genealogical Research
Watchers
Source South Carolina genealogical research
Author Schweitzer, George K. (George Keene)
Smalley, Anne M
Coverage
Place South Carolina, United States
Subject Finding aid
Publication information
Type Miscellaneous
Publisher G.K. Schweitzer
Date issued c1985
Place issued Knoxville, Tennessee
Citation
Schweitzer, George K. (George Keene), and Anne M Smalley. South Carolina genealogical research. (Knoxville, Tennessee: G.K. Schweitzer, c1985).
Repositories
Family History Libraryhttp://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatal..Other
Usage Tips
Available at the Family History Library.
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Looking for a Store/Retail Deal? Search here.
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Wednesday, October 10, 2012
Women's LEE Jeans $17.99 (Reg $36.99) + Site-to-Store Pick Up Exp 10/13
Sears has Women's LEE Barely Bootcut Jeans for $17.99 (Reg $36.99) now until 10/13.
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"warc_url": "http://answers.onstartups.com/questions/tagged/productivity+motivation"
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26
votes
11answers
1k views
What personal productivity / time management / motivational tips & tricks do you use?
What little tips and tricks do you use to try and be as productive as possible each week plus be as motivated as possible? Here are a few I use: I will schedule meetings that normally would be an ...
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What can you run on the kuro with fedora
From NAS-Central Buffalo - The Linkstation Wiki
(Difference between revisions)
Jump to: navigation, search
Line 5: Line 5:
[[YUM is working good]]
[[YUM is working good]]
-
[[KDE with KuroBOX|KDE With KUROBOX]]
+
[[KDE with KuroBOX|Working_with_KDE]]
[[Running Apache with Kurobox|Apache with Kurobox]]
[[Running Apache with Kurobox|Apache with Kurobox]]
Revision as of 15:43, 13 October 2006
You will find HOWTOs and quick notes on what we do on our Kurobox. The list will be really long.
YUM is working good
Working_with_KDE
Apache with Kurobox
chroot BIND Caching DNS
Run screen and go to sleep (coming)
dnstop - See! Your DNS is working
NFS Server
Samba for Windows
ntop - Who is generating traffic?
PXE Boot Server
Asterisk
This list will be long...
Personal tools
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"warc_date": "2013-11-22T14:51:09.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:fc3a458e-3322-4473-b196-e44d53ca8f86>",
"warc_url": "http://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ijbm/article/view/5341"
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Study on Construction of Knowledge Management System Based on Enhancing Core Competence of Industrial Clusters
Zhenfeng Chen, Xiangzhen Xu
Abstract
Under the background of the knowledge economy and globalization, knowledge becomes the firm's strategic resources, enhancing the core competence of industrial clusters requires knowledge management. In this paper, firstly, the connotation of the core competence of industrial clusters is analyzed. The mechanism of knowledge management affecting the core competence of industrial clusters is studied. Finally, the knowledge management system that helps to enhance the core competence of industrial clusters is constructed.
Full Text: PDF
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
International Journal of Business and Management ISSN 1833-3850 (Print) ISSN 1833-8119 (Online)
Copyright © Canadian Center of Science and Education
To make sure that you can receive messages from us, please add the 'ccsenet.org' domain to your e-mail 'safe list'. If you do not receive e-mail in your 'inbox', check your 'bulk mail' or 'junk mail' folders.
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{
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"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:3467",
"uncompressed_offset": 78644766,
"url": "dotnetkicks.com/stories/33806/DMO_to_SMO",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T14:51:09.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:fc3a458e-3322-4473-b196-e44d53ca8f86>",
"warc_url": "http://dotnetkicks.com/stories/33806/DMO_to_SMO"
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Error!
Success!
DMO to SMO
0
kicks
DMO to SMO (Unpublished)
I recently upgraded from Team Foundation Server 2008 to Team Foundation Server 2010. This broke many msbuild tasks, including one that generates database scripts. One of the prerequisites of the TFS upgrade was upgrading the SQL Server from 2005 to 2008. I found that the msbuild task was using DMO to generate the scripts and had been marked as deprecated, so I went about replacing the old COM library with SQL Management Objects, or SMO.
Kicked By:
Drop Kicked By:
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{
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"url": "familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/3rd_Battalion,_Arkansas_%28Confederate%29",
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"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:fc3a458e-3322-4473-b196-e44d53ca8f86>",
"warc_url": "http://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/3rd_Battalion,_Arkansas_(Confederate)"
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3rd Battalion, Arkansas (Confederate)Edit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
United States U.S. Military Arkansas Arkansas Military Arkansas in the Civil War 3rd Battalion, Arkansas (Confederate)
Contents
Brief History
"Units of the Confederate States Army" by Joseph H. Crute, Jr. contains no history for this unit.[1]
Companies in this Regiment with the Counties of Origin
Men often enlisted in a company recruited in the counties where they lived though not always. After many battles, companies might be combined because so many men were killed or wounded. However if you are unsure which company your ancestor was in, try the company recruited in his county first.
Other Sources
• Beginning United States Civil War Research gives steps for finding information about a Civil War soldier or sailor. It covers the major records that should be used. Additional records are described in 'Arkansas in the Civil War' and 'United States Civil War, 1861 to 1865' (see below).
• National Park Service, The Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System, is searchable by soldier's name and state. It contains basic facts about soldiers on both sides of the Civil War, a list of regiments, descriptions of significant battles, sources of the information, and suggestions for where to find additional information.
• Arkansas in the Civil War describes many Confederate and Union sources, specifically for Tennessee, and how to find them.. These include compiled service records, pension records, rosters, cemetery records, Internet databases, published books, etc.
• United States Civil War, 1861 to 1865 describes and explains United States and Confederate States records, rather than state records, and how to find them. These include veterans’ censuses, compiled service records, pension records, rosters, cemetery records, Internet databases, published books, etc.
References
1. National Park Service, The Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System (accessed 4 January 2011).
Need additional research help? Contact our research help specialists.
Need wiki, indexing, or website help? Contact our product teams.
Did you find this article helpful?
You're invited to explain your rating on the discussion page (you must be signed in).
• This page was last modified on 12 December 2012, at 17:45.
• This page has been accessed 170 times.
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From FamilySearch Wiki
Revision as of 13:25, 18 February 2013 by Wyzer17 (Talk | contribs)
Research Wiki
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BUTTON
Unique ID: SF-FC1717
Object type certainty: Certain
Workflow status: Awaiting validation
A cast copper-alloy button of Post-Medieval date. It has a circular head that is dome-shaped in form with an integrally cast circular sewing loopat the centre of the back face. The front face of the button has moulded decoration comprising a female head/bust with long hair facing left, the field filled with punched annulets. The entire object has a dark green patina and measures 11.48mm in diameter, 3.29mm in thickness (at head), 11mm in height, and weighs 2.05g. This button is of Post-Medieval date, probably c.16th-17th century AD in date if not a little later.
Subsequent actions
Subsequent action after recording: Returned to finder
Chronology
Broad period: POST MEDIEVAL
Period from: POST MEDIEVAL [scope notes | view all attributed records]
Period to: POST MEDIEVAL [scope notes | view all attributed records]
Date from: Circa AD 1500
Date to: Circa AD 1700
Dimensions and weight
Height: 11 mm
Thickness: 3.29 mm
Weight: 2.05 g
Diameter: 11.48 mm
Quantity: 1
Discovery dates
Date(s) of discovery: Saturday 1st January 2011
Personal details
Found by: This information is restricted for your login.
Recorded by: Dr Andrew Brown - [ view all attributed records]
Identified by: Dr Andrew Brown - [view all attributed records]
Other reference numbers
SMR reference number: BRH 016
Materials and construction
Primary material: Copper alloy [scope notes | view all attributed records]
Manufacture method: Cast [scope notes | view all attributed records]
Completeness: Complete [scope notes | view all attributed records]
QR barcode
The barcode on the right is a unique identifier for this record. If your phone has scanning software installed, then this can be used for sharing or you can print it off and attach it to the object.
Spatial metadata
Region: East
County: Suffolk
District: Mid Suffolk
To be known as: Barham
Spatial coordinates
Grid reference source: GPS (from the finder)
Unmasked grid reference accurate to a 1 metre square.
Discovery metadata
Method of discovery: Metal detector [scope notes]
General landuse: Cultivated land[scope notes]
Specific landuse: Character undetermined[scope notes]
References cited
No references cited so far.
Similar objects
Find number: SF-E2AEC1
Object type: BUTTON
Broadperiod: POST MEDIEVAL
A cast copper-alloy button of Post-Medieval date. It is circular, dome-shaped in form with concave back face and moulded convex front face. At…
Workflow: On review
Find number: SF-DE3EB5
Object type: BUTTON
Broadperiod: POST MEDIEVAL
A cast copper-alloy button of Post-Medieval date. It has a solid, pyramidal head with flat back face from which extends an integrally cast se…
Workflow: Awaiting validation
Find number: SF-CD8518
Object type: BUTTON
Broadperiod: POST MEDIEVAL
A cast copper-alloy button of Post-Medieval date. It has a solid head that is circular in form, D-shaped in section with flat back face and ro…
Workflow: Awaiting validation
Spotted a mistake? Tell us. Be the first to comment
Comment on this artefact's record
Data entered via this form is checked against the akismet service to recognise spam.
Audit data
Created: Friday 27th May 2011
Updated: Friday 9th September 2011
This page is available in: qrcode json xml geojson representations.
Social Bookmarking:
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"uncompressed_offset": 112657829,
"url": "genomebiology.com/2000/1/3/reviews/1022",
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Minireview
The fork'ed path to mitosis
Paul Jorgensen and Mike Tyers*
Author Affiliations
Program in Molecular Biology and Cancer, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Canada M5G 1X5, and Graduate Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 Kings College Circle, Toronto, Canada M5S 1A8
For all author emails, please log on.
Genome Biology 2000, 1:reviews1022-reviews1022.4 doi:10.1186/gb-2000-1-3-reviews1022
The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://genomebiology.com/2000/1/3/reviews/1022/
Published:15 September 2000
© 2000 GenomeBiology.com
Abstract
A concurrence of genomic, reverse genetic and biochemical approaches has cracked the decade-long enigma concerning the identity of the transcription factors that control gene expression at the G2/M transition in the budding yeast cell cycle.
Transcriptional circuits in the cell cycle
The canonical cell cycle phases - G1, S, G2 and M - are defined in part by specific transcriptional programs [1,2]. In one sense, the phases of the cell cycle can be thought of as a circularly permuted series of developmental programs, perhaps best visualized by genome-wide transcriptional profiles, as cells progress synchronously through division (Figure 1a). As in developmental hierarchies, gene expression in one cell-cycle stage is often anticipated by the prior expression of the necessary transcription factors in the previous stage [2]. For example, in the yeast cell cycle, the G1/S-specific transcription factor Swi4 is maximally expressed in M/G1 phase, and the M/G1 transcription factors Swi5 and Ace2 peak in G2/M phase (Figure 1b,c). In the latest revision of this complex wiring diagram, a long-standing puzzle as to the nature of the transcription factors that drive the G2/M program has been solved, in part through clues provided by genome-wide transcriptional analysis [3].
Stage-specific transcriptional programs in the cell cycle are coupled to each other through an intricate interplay of transcription factors, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity and ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis (reviewed in [4]). In budding yeast, a single CDK, called Cdc28, is activated in G1 phase by three G1 cyclins (Cln1-Cln3), which initiate entry into the cell cycle, and again in later phases by different members of the family of six B-type cyclins (Clb1-Clb6), which drive DNA replication, spindle elongation and mitosis. Precisely timed proteolytic degradation of cyclins and other cell-cycle regulators by the ubiquitin system turns on CDK activity in late G1 phase, and turns it off at the end of mitosis. As part of this regulatory circuit, the cyclins themselves form crucial elements of the G1/S and G2/M transcriptional programs, often referred to as the CLN2 and CLB2 clusters, respectively. The transcriptional landscape of the cell cycle is dominated by these two large suites of gene expression, which are driven by different cyclin-Cdc28 activities [2]. Induction of the 120 or so genes in the CLN2 cluster is dictated primarily by Cln3-Cdc28 activity, which stimulates the G1/S transcription factors Swi4, Swi6 and Mbp1. In a similar manner, Clb1/2-Cdc28 activity drives the expression of roughly 33 genes in the CLB2 cluster, including CLB1 and CLB2 themselves and genes encoding other important mitotic regulators, such as CDC20, SWI5 and ACE2. In the absence of Clb1/2, cells arrest at the G2/M boundary and fail to execute the G2/M transcriptional program [5]. This positive feedback loop of Clb1/2-Cdc28 activity and CLB1/2 transcription is presumed to help effect a switch-like decision to enter mitosis. Degradation of the Clb cyclins at the end of mitosis collapses the positive feedback loop and thereby allows re-entry into G1 phase [4].
Whereas the G1/S transcription factors succumbed to genetic analysis long ago, the factors that drive the CLB2 cluster have proven elusive, despite their biochemical characterization some ten years ago [6]. DNA footprinting analysis of the SWI5 promoter indicates that its periodic expression relies on binding of the ubiquitous MADS-box transcription factor, Mcm1, in combination with an activity called 'Swi five factor', or SFF [6,7,8]. Nearly all the promoters in the CLB2 cluster contain a binding site for Mcm1-SFF, referred to as the Swi5-factor responsive element, or SFRE [2]. Combined genomic and biochemical assaults have now at last revealed SFF to be a complex of the forkhead-like transcription factors Fkh1 and Fkh2, and another transcriptional activator, Ndd1 [3,9,10,11,12].
The unmasking of SFF
One of the first clues to the identity of SFF came from careful analysis of cell-cycle-regulated genes that reach an apex of expression in S phase, just before the CLB2 cluster is activated [2]. FKH1 was one such gene. Starting from the notion that the transcriptional activators of one cluster are often expressed in the previous wave of transcription, Futcher and co-workers [3] surmised that Fkh1 might be a candidate for SFF. Perhaps not entirely coincidentally, forkhead-like transcription factors often control elaborate developmental programs in metazoans [13]. The fact that the yeast genome encodes a closely related homolog, Fkh2, added an alluring twist, in that redundancy may have precluded identification of SFF by genetic approaches. Analysis of the FKH1 and FKH2 genes soon substantiated the genomics-driven hypothesis. Not only is Fkh1/2 required for cell-cycle-regulated expression of the CLB2 cluster, but the two factors bind a sequence element that matches the SFRE [3]. Consistently, genetic analysis of FKH1/2 function revealed a role in the G2/M transition [3,9,10,11,12]. In an independent biochemical approach, Fkh2 was also identified directly through purification of proteins that bind the SFRE sequence [12].
The evidence that Fkh1/2 forms part of SFF is compelling. Cell extracts from fkh1 fkh2 strains are unable to cause a gel-mobility shift of a SWI5 promoter fragment, whereas antibodies directed against Fkh2 supershift the SFF-DNA complex from wild-type cell extracts [10,11,12]. Most importantly, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments, in which protein-DNA interactions are stabilized and then detected by PCR amplification, show that Fkh1 and Fkh2 both bind to the CLB2 and SWI5 promoter regions in vivo, but not to mutant promoters that lack SFRE sites [3,10,12]. Given the central role of Fkh1/2 in mitotic cyclin expression, it is not surprising that fkh1 fkh2 double mutant strains exhibit a severe G2/M delay and a pseudohyphal growth phenotype [3,9,11,12], both of which arise from defects in mitotic Cdc28 kinase activity [14]. Of the two genes, FKH2 appears to account for most of SFF activity, by both biochemical and genetic criteria. Lastly, as might be predicted, the absence of SFF activity from fkh1 fkh2 strains causes a domino effect in which the downstream SIC1 gene cluster fails to oscillate properly because the Swi5 and Ace2 normally provided by the CLB2 cluster are poorly expressed [3].
There is more to SFF than just Fkh1 and Fkh2, however. Although the CLB2 cluster loses its normal periodicity in fkh1 fkh2 mutant cells, the cluster is still expressed at a low constitutive level [3,9,10,11,12]. By inference, like other transcription factors such as E2F-1, Fkh1/2 may have both activator and repressor functions. Consistent with this possibility, and in spite of the modest peak in transcription of FKH1, it appears that Fkh1/2 and Mcm1 remain bound at the CLB2 and SWI5 promoters throughout the cell cycle [7,10]. Other, as yet unidentified, proteins that co-purify with Fkh2 may account for repression outside the G2/M window [12].
What, if not Fkh1/2 binding, accounts for the cell-cycle-regulated transcription of the CLB2 cluster? The periodic activity of SFF appears to be due to Ndd1, a recently identified transcription factor necessary for the expression of CLB1/2 [10]. NDD1 was recovered as a high copy-number suppressor of the cdc28-1N allele, which is specifically defective in mitotic Cdc28 activity [15]. In fact, several of the CLB genes were themselves first discovered as dosage suppressors of the cdc28-1N defect [16]. In contrast to Fkh1/2, Ndd1 is essential for the G2/M transition, is a rate-limiting activator of CLB1/2 and SWI5 gene expression, and has transactivation function when fused to a heterologous DNA-binding domain [15]. In sensitive ChIP experiments, Ndd1 does indeed associate with the CLB2 and SWI5 promoters in vivo, in an Mcm1-Fkh1/2-dependent manner [10]. NDD1 expression peaks just before that of the CLB2 cluster, and perhaps even more intriguingly, Ndd1 protein stability is also regulated during the cell cycle, being unstable from late anaphase until the end of G1 phase, like the Clb proteins [15]. Finally, the inference that Fkh1/2 also effects transcriptional repression is buttressed by the elegant genetic result that loss of Fkh function bypasses the requirement for Ndd1 [10].
These recent discoveries lead ineluctably to the model in Figure 2. Prior to the expression of Ndd1, the Mcm1-Fkh1/2 complex is bound to SFRE sites in the promoters of genes in the CLB2 cluster, where it appears to mediate transcriptional repression. As cells complete S phase, Ndd1 is recruited to the Mcm1-Fkh1/2 platform, thereby displacing the presumptive repression machinery, and at the same time recruiting the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme to activate transcription. This model begs an important question - how is the Ndd1 interaction with Mcm1- Fkh1/2 controlled by Clb1/2-Cdc28 activity? An exciting possibility is suggested by the structure of Fkh1 and Fkh2. In addition to their DNA-binding domains, Fkh1 and Fkh2 contain a forkhead-associated (FHA) domain, recently shown to bind phosphoserine peptide motifs [17]. One cannot help but imagine that Clb1/2-Cdc28 kinases will phosphorylate Ndd1, which contains numerous Cdc28 consensus sites, and thereby drive its binding to the FHA domains of Fkh1/2. Alternatively, as Fkh2 is itself phosphorylated just before mitosis [11], it is possible that intramolecular interactions between the phosphorylated residues and the FHA domain might regulate the association of Fkh1/2 with Ndd1.
Down the fork'ed path
Mutation of the FHA domains in Fkh1/2 and the relevant phosphorylation sites in Fkh1/2 and Ndd1 will be the acid test of the Ndd1 recruitment model. The identity of the presumed repression machinery that associates with Fkh1/2, and how it is displaced by Ndd1, will prove crucial for understanding the switch from transcriptional repression to activation at the G2/M boundary. As noted, other proteins that bind the SFRE may provide clues in this regard [12]. As with all positive feedback loops, however, the tricky part is to understand just how the feed-forward process gets started in the first place. The trigger for SFF-dependent transcription remains a mystery, but application of the logic that led to the discovery of Fkh1 and Fkh2 suggests that factors that regulate the expression of FKH1/2 and NDD1 may help to determine the onset of transcription of the downstream CLB2 cluster. Indeed, FKH1/2 and NDD1 are candidate members of the cell-cycle-regulated "cluster 14" of S phase [18]. In silico promoter bashing of this cluster may identify candidate promoter elements, which in turn could allow identification of the cognate transcription factors.
At the end of mitosis the demise of the CLB2 cluster contributes to the catastrophic collapse of Clb-Cdc28 kinase activity necessary for mitotic exit and re-entry into G1 phase. Ndd1 degradation seems likely to accelerate this process, as destruction of Ndd1 coincides with activation of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), the ubiquitin ligase that marks numerous mitotic regulators for proteolysis by the 26S proteasome [4]. Whether the APC/C or some other pathway eliminates Ndd1, the consequences of mutational stabilization of Ndd1 certainly merit investigation. Finally, the enigmatic connection between low Clb1/2-Cdc28 activity and the pseudohyphal growth response may become more transparent upon further pursuit of SFF regulation. In any case, the identification of Fkh1, Fkh2 and Ndd1 as key components of SFF fills a conspicuous gap in the wiring diagram of the budding yeast cell cycle (Figure 1c), and provides one of the best examples to date of genomics-based, 'analysis-limited' research [19].
Figure 1. The transcriptional wiring diagram of the budding yeast cell cycle. (a) Waves of transcriptional activation (red) and repression (green) across two synchronous division cycles, as determined by DNA microarray analysis. Colored bars indicate cell cycle phases. (b) Cell-cycle-regulated gene clusters. (c) The main transcriptional circuits. The dashed line represents undetermined intermediaries between the CLN2 cluster and the CLB2 cluster. Panels (a) and (b) are modified and reproduced with permission from the experiment depicted in Figure 1 of Spellman et al. [2].
Figure 2. Regulation of the CLB2 cluster by SFF. Abbreviations: APC/C, anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome; DBD, DNA-binding domain; FHA, forkhead-associated domain; P, phosphorylation; X, presumptive repression machinery. See text for further details.
Acknowledgements
P.J. is supported by a National Sciences and Engineering Research Council predoctoral award. M.T. is supported by the National Cancer Institute of Canada, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Protein Engineering Network Centres of Excellence.
References
1. Cho RJ, Campbell MJ, Winzeler EA, Steinmetz L, Conway A, Wodicka L, Wolfsberg TG, Gabrielian AE, Landsman D, Lockhart DJ, Davis RW: A genome-wide transcriptional analysis of the mitotic cell cycle.
Mol Cell 1998, 2:65-73. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
2. Spellman PT, Sherlock G, Zhang MQ, Iyer VR, Anders K, Eisen MB, Brown PO, Botstein D, Futcher B: Comprehensive identification of cell cycle-regulated genes of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by microarray hybridization.
Mol Biol Cell 1998, 9:3273-3297. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
3. Zhu G, Spellman PT, Volpe T, Brown PO, Botstein D, Davis TN, Futcher B: Two yeast forkhead genes regulate the cell cycle and pseudohyphal growth.
Nature 2000, 406:90-94. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
4. Tyers M, Jorgensen P: Proteolysis and the cell cycle: with this RING I do thee destroy.
Curr Opin Genet Dev 2000, 10:54-64. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
5. Amon A, Tyers M, Futcher B, Nasmyth K: Mechanisms that help the yeast cell cycle clock tick: G2 cyclins transcriptionally activate G2 cyclins and repress G1 cyclins.
Cell 1993, 74:993-1007. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
6. Lydall D, Ammerer G, Nasmyth K: A new role for MCM1 in yeast: cell cycle regulation of SWI5 transcription.
Genes Dev 1991, 5:2405-2419. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
7. Althoefer H, Schleiffer A, Wassmann K, Nordheim A, Ammerer G: Mcm1 is required to coordinate G2-specific transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Mol Cell Biol 1995, 15:5917-5928. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
8. Maher M, Cong F, Kindelberger D, Nasmyth K, Dalton S: Cell cycle-regulated transcription of the CLB2 gene is dependent on Mcm1 and a ternary complex factor.
Mol Cell Biol 1995, 15:3129-3137. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
9. Hollenhorst PC, Bose ME, Mielke MR, Muller U, Fox CA: Fork-head genes in transcriptional silencing, cell morphology and the cell cycle. Overlapping and distinct functions for FKH1 and FKH2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Genetics 2000, 154:1533-1548. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
10. Koranda M, Schleiffer A, Endler L, Ammerer G: Forkhead-like transcription factors recruit Ndd1 to the chromatin of G2/M-specific promoters.
Nature 2000, 406:94-98. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
11. Pic A, Lim FL, Ross SJ, Veal EA, Johnson AL, Sultan MR, West AG, Johnston LH, Sharrocks AD, Morgan BA: The forkhead protein Fkh2 is a component of the yeast cell cycle transcription factor SFF.
EMBO J 2000, 19:3750-3761. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
12. Kumar R, Reynolds DM, Shevchenko A, Goldstone SD, Dalton S: Forkhead transcription factors, Fkh1p and Fkh2p, collaborate with Mcm1p to control a G2-M program of transcription required for M-phase.
Curr Biol 2000, 10:896-906. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
13. Kaufmann E, Knochel W: Five years on the wings of fork head.
Mech Dev 1996, 57:3-20. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
14. Ahn SH, Acurio A, Kron SJ: Regulation of G2/M progression by the STE mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in budding yeast filamentous growth.
Mol Biol Cell 1999, 10:3301-3316. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
15. Loy CJ, Lydall D, Surana U: NDD1, a high-dosage suppressor of cdc28-1N, is essential for expression of a subset of lateS-phase-specific genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Mol Cell Biol 1999, 19:3312-3327. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
16. Surana U, Robitsch H, Price C, Schuster T, Fitch I, Futcher AB, Nasmyth K: The role of CDC28 and cyclins during mitosis in the budding yeast S. cerevisiae.
Cell 1991, 65:145-161. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
17. Durocher D, Henckel J, Fersht AR, Jackson SP: The FHA domain is a modular phosphopeptide recognition motif.
Mol Cell 1999, 4:387-394. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
18. Tavazoie S, Hughes JD, Campbell MJ, Cho RJ, Church GM: Systematic determination of genetic network architecture.
Nat Genet 1999, 22:281-285. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
19. Murray AW: Whither genomics? [http://genomebiology.com/2000/1/1/comment/003/] webcite
Genome Biology 2000, 1:comment003.1-003.6. BioMed Central Full Text
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For the half-year to 30 June 2013, the IPKat's regular team is supplemented by contributions from guest bloggers Stefano Barazza, Matthias Lamping and Jeff John Roberts.
Two of our regular Kats are currently on blogging sabbaticals. They are Birgit Clark and Catherine Lee.
Friday, 4 April 2008
Recent periodicals
The April 2008 issue of the Oxford University Press monthly Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice (JIPLP) has now been published. It leads with an editorial, "Intellectual property and Africa: the agony and the entropy", which considers the problems facing the continent of Africa as its constituent nations face up to the task of becoming more IP-savvy.
Other things you'll find in this issue include
* "Managing generic competition and patent strategies in the pharmaceutical industriy" by the Addleshaw Goddard triumvirate of Brian Whitehead, Stuart Jackson and Richard Kempner;
* An unusual piece by 7 New Square barrister and head of chambers John Fitzgerald, reviewing the extent to which the "innocent infringement" plea assists a defendant in unregistered design right litigation in England and Ireland;
* "Sealing the cracks" -- a review by LA attorney and legal scholar Christopher T. Varas of current cybersquatting practices and some of the things that can be done to address them.
Read this editorial in full here on Afro-IP
Read all the editorials of the past twelve months here
Full contents of this issue here
For free sample, click here; to subscribe, click here; to write, click here
50 most-read articles since 2005 here
The March 2008 issue of Butterworths' black, shiny Intellectual Property and Technology Cases (here) is fatter than usual, but this is on account of the length of the sole case it contains -- the endlessly detailed and highly depressing (for Microsoft and many other IP owners) ruling of the Court of First Instance in Case T-201/04 Microsoft Corp v European Commission (noted here and here by the IPKat). Fortunately for all those trees in Norway, and for headnote writers everywhere, Microsoft decided not to appeal.
While on the subject of Microsoft, and therefore law and information technology, let's welcome volume 16 no.1, the Spring 2008 issue of Oxford University Press's seriously cerebral International Journal of Law and Information Technology. Among the must-read items for IP enthusiasts this time round are
* Warren B. Chik's "Lord of Your Domain, But Master of None: The Need to Harmonize and Recalibrate the Domain Name Regime of Ownership and Control" (abstract here). The great thing about long titles -- and this one has 22 words in it -- is that they rarely keep you guessing long about what they're about ...;
* Judith McNamara and Lucy Cradduck, "Can We Protect How We Do What We Do? A Consideration of Business Method Patents in Australia and Europe" (abstract here). The title is a mere 19 words, but the article is nonetheless well worth reading.
Right: many fear that business method patents will lead to sharp practice in Australian trading circles
Contents of current issue here
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For the half-year to 30 June 2013, the IPKat's regular team is supplemented by contributions from guest bloggers Stefano Barazza, Matthias Lamping and Jeff John Roberts.
Two of our regular Kats are currently on blogging sabbaticals. They are Birgit Clark and Catherine Lee.
Friday, 16 March 2012
Antiques, Fakes and Everything In Between
One of this Kat's favourite exhibitions at the British Museum was shown two decades ago. Entitled "Fake? The Art of Deception", the exhibition sought to bring together a variety of examples spanning a wide range of chronological periods and geographic areas in order to explore the multi-faceted nature of fakes. The exhibition spawned a fascinating companion volume, bearing the title of the exhibition and edited by Mark Jones et al. here.
The book has occupied a prominent space on my bookshelf for over 20 years and I continue to read it from time to time, if for no other reason than to remind me of the rich trove of fakery that has accompanied homo sapiens for millennia. Fakes come in at least three kinds. One is the making of a faithful copy of the original. Another is to take the original object and to add additional material and content. Yet another is to create an object in such a way as to give that false impression of past provenance. The Jones book reminds us that, in various settings, the ability to create a true copy of an existing creation was culturally valued. The rise of the copyright regime put paid to that sentiment, but the process by which copyright fully supplanted the culture of the admired faker is an interesting one. This Kat would be delighted to be directed to any studies in this regard.
Putting past cultural sensibilities to fakes to one side, a consideration of the Jones book highlights the context in which fakes flourish. Fakes are a creature of a certain commercial milieu. Thus, it is observed that
"[t]]he faking of art and antiques occurs only in cultures in which old objects and objects associated with a famous individual can command high prices. This is a relatively unusual phenomenon. In most cultures and at most times, there has been no special premium on old things.... [I[n the eighteenth century a new fascination arose for old things because they were old."
Creating a successful fake is itself a special form of artistic skill. As noted,
"[t]o create an accurate reproduction with a convincing aura of age, or to make a plated metal object that looks solid, requires a whole range of skills in addition to those usually possessed by the craftsman."
Holding any ethical or moral consideration constant, fakery is itself an art form. The arena in which the success of this art form takes place is what the book terms "the limits of expertise," in which the skills of the fake master are set against forensic acumen of the so-called expert. The ambiguity of this struggle between creator and detective ensures that
"certainty remains elusive and happily so, for it is the mystery surrounding [the alleged fake] that lends these objects half their magic",
if not their commercial value. Indeed, the book frames the ultimate question: "why does an object which is declared a fake lose virtue immediately?" I thought about the ambiguous nature of fakes and fakery in reading a report that appeared in the English edition of the 15 March issue of the Israel daily newspaper Haaretz here. Entitled "After a Decade, Israel Court Acquits Collector of Forging Jesus' brother's term," the case involved a criminal action brought against an individual named Oded Golan for allegedly selling forged antiques, in particular, "the Jehoash inscription, a shoebox-sized tablet inscribed with Biblical-style Hebrew instructions on caring for the Jewish Temple, and an ossuary, or ancient burial box bearing the inscription, "James, brother of Jesus."
The court ruled in favour of the defendant in all but several minor accounts. The Jerusalem District Court did not specifically hold that the objects were authentic. Rather, the court ruled that, despite years of discussion and professional investigation and analysis, the State had not met its burden of proof in showing that the artifacts were forged. The focus of the investigation was on the inscriptions, particularly that which stated "James, brother of Jesus." It was the inscription that conferred value to the objects, which otherwise would presumably be simply several more of their type from that period. The court found that the State did not prove that the inscriptions had been added by the defendant or on his behalf; therefore, the court could not impose criminal liability on the defendant. The court so ruled, despite the fact two professional committees, established on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority, had concluded that the objects were forged.
This case suggests two observations about the way that our society addresses the issue of fakes, especially when the objects are of an older provenance. First, that the case was a criminal action points to the fact that objects of a sufficient age, at least for certain types, become a public issue of national heritage. As such, unlike a criminal action for copyright infringement, which provide a penal sanction for what is fundamentally a private right, here the right in toto is conceived of in terms of protecting a defined public interest (what it says about our society, whereby the making of an alleged fake of an object that was itself created long before the sovereign itself came into being, is itself an interesting issue). Secondly, the point-counterpoint between the alleged fake master and the forensic expert, when the public interest is at stake, may itself be subordinated to the adjudicative machinery of the courts. This means that, on top of the inherent uncertainty in the resolution of a dispute between the fake master and the expert over the authenticity of an object, there is added an additional layer of uncertainty, the courts.
Let me conclude with the following: During a recent nocturnal peregrination, this Kat found some parchment in a cave hear his home, on which the following Latin text appears (thank goodness for my high school Latin)--"Julius Caesar slept here." Is anyone interested?
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COMPUTER MODELLING OF DIFFRACTION OF WIND WAVES
Shou-shan Fan, L.E. Borgman
Abstract
A digital computer model for diffraction of wind waves behind a breakwater is developed The model combines the hydrodynamic theories and the concept of directional spectra It is designed so that it may be used not only for the study of the wind wave diffraction problem behind breakwaters but also for the investigation of experimental (or field) data analysis procedures of other kinds An extensive study of optimum data length, lag number and gage spacings m wave gage arrays is presented.
Keywords
diffraction; computer modeling; wind waves
Full Text: PDF
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
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GIMP Magazine: motion photography and more
Image credits: GIMP Magazine Issue 3
(8 votes)
If you're interested in getting started with GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program), an open source alternative to Photoshop, then check out the latest issue of GIMP Magazine. The visuals are stunning. You can take a deep dive into motion photography and learn about filter options.
The focus of this issue is photography and just under 90 pages. The team from GIMP Magazine has some great stuff accompanying this issue:
All of this is accessible at gimpmagazine.org.
Be sure to follow them on Google+, Twitter, Issuu, and even subscribe on their website.
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Talk:20.109(S13):Phylogenetic analysis (Day7)
From OpenWetWare
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Revision as of 02:08, 8 March 2013
Contents
General notes
I believe some groups are still in the process of reverse complementing inserts in the non-usual orientation.
Agi is in the process of trimming and analyzing four additional #709 clones prepped and sequenced yesterday -- looks as though only one will be good. I may not finish until after class today, circa 5 pm. Update: even later than that. I can do the final addition to an existing #709 .mas file if need be, also including samples from a student who has been ill.
Final sample-wide alignment files and trees
One representative from each sample-based group should post a .mas and .pdf file here when data are in final form. That way we'll all have quick access to the location sub-trees.
Sample # Alignment file (.mas) Tree file (.pdf)
702 Media: Final_702_Alignment.mas Media: Final_702_PhyloTree.pdf
709
712 Media: Final_712_Alignment.mas Media: Final_712_PhyloTree.pdf
716 No clones worked No clones worked
405
664
732
729
T/R microbiome
Linking a file code: [[Media: filename.extension]] or optionally [[Media: filename.extension | description]].
Team Color Team Member Gull ID Sequence 1 (txt) Sequence 2 (txt) Sequence 3 (txt) Sequence 4 (txt) Sequence 5 (txt) Sequence 6 (txt) Sequence 7 (txt) Sequence 8 (txt) Species overview (xlsx) Alignment (mas) Tree (pdf)
Red Nick 702 Media:TR-Red_702-C1.txt Media:TR-Red_702-C2.txt Media:TR-Red_702-C3.txt Media:TR-Red_702-C7.txt Media:TR-Red_702-C8.txt Media:TR-Red-Species.xlsx Media:TR-Red-Blue-702.mas Media:TR-Blue-Red-tree.pdf
Red
Orange Daphne, Stas 712 Media:TR-Orange_712-C2.txt Media:TR-Org_712-C5.txt Media:TR-Org_712-C7.txt Media:TR-Org_712-C8.txt Media:TR-Orange_712.xlsx Media:TR-712-Alignment.mas Media:TR-712-Alignment.pdf
Orange
Yellow Ebaa 664 Media: TR-Yellow_664-C1.txt Media: TR-Yellow_664-C4.txt Media: TR-Yellow_664-C8.txt Media: 664_S13-M1D7-template.xlsx Media: WFTR-664-alignment.mas Media: WFTR-664-tree.pdf
Yellow Dominique 739 (everything should be in correct seq order) Media: TR-Yellow_739-C2f.txt Media: TR-Yellow_739-C3.txt Media: TR-Yellow_739-C4f.txt Media: TR-Yellow_739-C5f.txt Media: TR-Yellow_739-C6f.txt Media: TR-Yellow_739-C7.txt Media: TR-Yellow_739-C8f.txt Media: 739_S13-M1D7-template.xlsx Alignment of all 739 from TR Media: TR-739-alignment.mas Alignment of TR+ (Jenny's-WF) 739 Media:TR-(JW-WF)-739-alignment.mas new version still w/ TR + Jenny's-WF Media:TR-(JW-WF)-739-alignmentedit.mas Tree of all 739 clones from TR Media:TR-739-tree.pdf Tree of TR + (Jenny's-WF) 739 Media: TR+(JW-WF)-739-tree.pdf new version still w/ TR + Jenny's-WF Media:TR + (JW-WF)-739-treeedit.pdf
Green Jesse 405 Media: TR-Green_405-C1.txt Media: TR-Green_405-C2.txt Media: TR-Green_405-C3-edit.txt Media: TR-Green_405-C4-edit.txt Media: TR-Green_405-C6-edit.txt Media: TR-Green_405-C7-edit.txt Media: TR-Green-405-Sepecies Overview.xlsx Media: WF-405_Alignment_with_TR_edited.mas Media: Phylogeny Tree TF and Steve only with edits to TR.pdf
Green
Blue
Blue Noa 702 Media:TR-Blue-702-C4.txt Media:TR-Blue-702-C5.txt Media:TR-Blue-702-C6.txt Media:TR-Blue-702-C8.txt Media:TR-Blue-702.xlsx Media:TR-Red-Blue-702.mas Media:TR-Blue-Red-tree.pdf
Pink Justin & Arturo 709 Media:TR-Pink_709-C5B.txt Media:TR-Pink_709-C6B.docx Media:TR-Pink_709B.xlsx
Pink 709 Media: B1.txt
Purple Sarah 739 Media:TR-Purple_739-C1.txt Media:TR-Purple_739-C2.txt Media:TR-Purple_739-C3.txt Media:TR-Purple_739-C4.txt Media:TR-Purple_739-C7.txt Media:TR-Purple_739-C8.txt Media:S13-M1D7-template-Sarah Yu.xlsx Media:module1.mas more complete file in Dominique's box
Purple Mitali 664 Media:TR-Purple_664-C2.txt Media:TR-Purple_664-C5.txt Media:TR-Purple_664-C7.txt Media:TR-Purple_664-C8.txt Media:TR-Purple_664-MK.xlsx Media: WFTR-664-alignment.mas Media: WFTR-664-tree.pdf
Platinum Emily 732 Media:TR_platinum_732_c2.txt Media:TR_platinum_732_c3.txt Media:TR_platinum_732_c4.txt Media:TR_platinum_732_c5.txt Media:TR_platinum_732.xlsx Media:emily and nikki m5 data.mas
Platinum Katie 405 Updated AGA start: Media:TR_Platinum_405_c1_edited.txt - Media:TR_Platinum_405_c3.txt - Media:TR_Platinum_405_c5.txt Media:TR_Platinum_405_c6.txt - Updated AGA start: Media:TR_Platinum_405_c8_edited.txt Media:KB_TR_Platinum.xlsx Katie before combining with Jesse: Media:KatieJesseSession.mas, Katie and Jesse (405) Aligned: Media: TR-405 alignment.mas, Katie, Jesse and Steve C. alignment: Media: WF-405 Alignment with TR edited.mas Katie and Jesse (405) finished tree - Media: TR-405-PhyloTree.pdf, Katie,Jesse Steve corrected tree (waiting on 4th 405 sample)- Media: 405 Phylogeny Tree TF and Steve only with edits to TR.pdf
W/F microbiome
Linking a file code: [[Media: filename.extension]] or optionally [[Media: filename.extension | description]].
Team Color Team Member Gull ID Sequence 1 (txt) Sequence 2 (txt) Sequence 3 (txt) Sequence 4 (txt) Sequence 5 (txt) Sequence 6 (txt) Sequence 7 (txt) Sequence 8 (txt) Species overview (xlsx) Alignment (mas) Tree (pdf)
Red Divya Arcot 702 Media: WF_RED_4,12.txt Media: WF_RED_5,13.txt Media: WF_RED_6,14.txt Media: WF_RED_7,15.txt Media: WF_RED_-_S13-M1D7-template.xlsx Media: WF-Red,TR-Red-Blue-702.mas Media: WF_Red,_TR_Red,Blue.pdf
Red Maria Escobar 702 Media: WF_red_702_17.txt Media: WF_red_702_18.txt Media: WF_red_702_20.txt Media: WF_red_702_22.txt Media: WF_red_702_23.txt Media: WF_red_702_24.txt Media: WF-Red-702.xlsx
Orange Amelia Mockett 709 Media: WF-Orange_709-C1.txt Media: WF-Orange_709-C2.txt Media: WF-Orange_709-C5.txt Media: WF-Orange_709-C8.txt Media: S13-M1D7-WF-Orange-Mockett.xlsx Media: WF-709-alignment-org.mas
Orange Katie Gorick 712 Media: WF-Orange_712-C3.txt Media: WF-Orange_712-C4.txt Media: WF-Orange_712-C6.txt Media: WF-Orange_712-C8.txt Media: WF-Orange_712.xlsx Media: FULL 712 Alignment(TR_Orange + WF_Blue, Orange, Pink).mas Media: FULL 712 PhyloTree (TR_Orange + WF_Orange, Blue, Pink).pdf
Yellow Jenny Wei 739 Media: WF-Yellow_739-C1.txt Media: WF-Yellow_739-C3.txt Media: WF-Yellow_739-C4.txt Media: WF-Yellow_739-C5.txt Media: WF-Yellow_739-C7.txt Media: WF-Yellow_739-C8.txt Media: WF-Yellow_739.xlsx Media: WF-739-Alignment.mas Media: WF-739-Phylogenetic Tree.pdf
Yellow Karinna Vivanco 664 Media: WF-Yellow_664-C4.txt Media: WF-Yellow_664-C5.txt Media: WF-Yellow_664-C6.txt Media: WF-Yellow_664-C7.txt Media: WF-Yellow_664.xlsx WF-664-Alignment(+TR Purple).mas WF-664-Phylogenetic Tree(+TR Purple).pdf
Green Kevin Hu 732 Media: WF-Green_732-C4.txt Media: WF-Green_732-C5.txt Media: WF-Green_732-C7.txt Media: WF-Green_732.xlsx Media: WF-732 Alignment (TR-Platinum, WF-Green, Platinum).mas Media: WF-732-PhyloTree (TR-Platinum + WF-Green, Platinum).pdf
Green Steve Cho 405 Media: WF-Green_405-C1.txt Media: WF-Green_405-C3.txt Media: WF-Green_405-C7.txt Media: WF-Green_405.xlsx Media: WF-405 Alignment with TR edited.mas Media: 405 Phylogeny Tree TF and Steve only with edits to TR.pdf
Blue Emmanuel Carrodeguas 712 Media: WF-Blue_712-C1.txt Media: WF-Blue_712-C3.txt Media: WF-Blue_712-C4.txt Media: WF-Blue_712-C5.txt Media: WF-Blue_712-C7.txt Media: WF-Blue_712-C8.txt Media: WF-Blue_712.xlsx Media: WF-712-Alignment(WF_Blue+TR_Orange).mas Media: WF-712-Alignment(WF_Blue+TR_Orange).pdf
Blue Sachin Shinde 702 Media: WF-Blue_702-C7.txt Media: WF-Blue_702-C8.txt Media: WF-Blue_702.xlsx Media: WF-702-alignment(TR-Red,TR-Blu,WF-Red,WF-Blu).mas Media: WF-702-tree(TR-Red,TR-Blu,WF-Red,WF-Blu).pdf
Pink Alice Chen 712 Media: WF-Pink_712C4.txt Media: WF-Pink_712C5.txt Media: WF-Pink_712C6.txt Media: WF-Pink_712C7.txt Media: WF-Pink_712C8.txt Media: WF-Pink_712.xlsx Media: WF-712-Alignment(WF_Blue+TR_Orange+WF_Pink).mas
Pink Helen He 709 Media: WF-Pink_709-B1.txt Media: WF-Pink_709-B2.txt Media: WF-Pink_709-B3.txt Media: WF-Pink_709-B4.txt Media: WF-Pink_709-B6.txt Media: WF-Pink_709.xlsx Media: WF-709-Alignment.mas Media: WF-709-Alignment.pdf
Purple Jenny Van 664 Media: WF-Purple_664-C1.txt Media: WF-Purple_664-C2.txt Media: WF-Purple_664-C3.txt Media: WF-Purple_664-C4.txt Media: WF-Purple_664-C8.txt Media: WF-Purple_664.xlsx Media: WFTR-664-Alignment.mas Media: WRTF-664-tree.pdf
Purple Zeinab Aboud 739 Media: WF-Purple_739-c1.txt Media: WF-Purple_739-C2.txt Media: WF-Purple_739-C3.txt Media: WF-Purple_739-C5.txt Media: WF-Purple_739-C8.txt Media: WF-Purple_739.xlsx Media: FINAL-739MA-alignment.mas Media: FINAL-739-Phylogenetic_Tree.pdf
Platinum Eric Klinkhammer 732 Media: plt-1.txt Media: 2.txt Media: 3.txt Media: 4.txt Media: 5.txt Media: 6.txt Media: plt-7.txt Media: 8.txt Media: WF_732_sequence_data.xlsx Media: WF-732 Alignment (TR-Platinum, WF-Green, Platinum).mas Media: WF-732-PhyloTree (TR-Platinum + WF-Green, Platinum).pdf
Platinum Shanthi Ravi 405 Media: WF-PLT_405-C2.txt Media: WF-PLT_405-C3.txt Media: WF-PLT_405-C4.txt Media: WF-PLT_405-C5.txt Media: WF-PLT_405-C7.txt Media: WF-PLT_405-C8.txt Media: WF-PLT_405.xlxs
T/R microsporidia gels
Gel 1
Gel 2, bright
Gel 3
Gel 4
Image:S13-M1D7-TR-Gel2-dim.jpg
W/F microsporidia gels
Gel 2
Gel 3
Gel 4
Gel 1, bright
Gel 1, dim
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User:R. Eric Collins/GenomicsTutorial/Metagenomics/Annotation
From OpenWetWare
Jump to: navigation, search
Contents
Overview
The purpose of this exercise is to become familiar with the following:
Concepts
Techniques
Software/Databases
• KEGG (genomics database)
• IMG (genomics and metagenomics database)
Protocol
Get metagenomic data
1. go to IMG-M
2. click Microbiomes
3. Find your favorite environment
4. click Protein coding genes connected to KEGG pathways
5. find a pathway of interest and click on the gene count
6. click Select All
7. click Add Selected Genes to Cart
8. under Gene Export, click FASTA Amino Acid format, then Show in Export Format
9. copy and paste sequences into new text file and save to disk
Automatic Annotation
1. go to KEGG Automatic Annotation Server
2. under Partial Genome, click KAAS job request
3. click File Upload and choose your metagenome amino acid sequence file
4. fill in a Query name and your email address
5. if you wish, select a set of microorganisms relevant to your environment or use the set below:
• sty, hin, pae, bsu, aae, afu, ape, vch, par, sdn, sfr, cps, pha, pin, tcx, csa, hel, cvi, bma, pol, dvu, dvl, dde, gme, dps, gtn, dsy, psl, syw, cte, dra, tma, mmp, mac, hal, pfu, dka, sis, nmr, pub
1. choose SBH as the Assignment Method
2. click Compute
3. check your email to find the link to obtain the results
4. wait
5. results!
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It's easy! Just pick the product you like and click-through to buy it from trusted partners of Quotations Book. We hope you like these personalized gifts as much as we do.
Make and then buy your OWN fantastic personalized gift from this quote
History gives us a kind of chart, and we dare not surrender even a small rushlight in the darkness. The hasty reformer who does not remember the past will find himself condemned to repeat it. Buchan, John
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Click here to buy this »
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Quotes by Arata, Tony
We don't have a biography. Please consult wikipedia.
"I'll do my dreaming with my eyes wide open, and I'll do my looking back with my eyes closed."
Arata, Tony on dream
9 fans of this quote
Take a look at recent activity on QB!
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User talk:Judge Holden
From RationalWiki
Jump to: navigation, search
Welcome to RationalWiki, Judge Holden!
Please see our guide for newcomers and our community standards.
If you are interested in contributing, please read what our articles are intended to be.
Tell us how you found RationalWiki here!
Welcome Judge, and thank you for joining the sadistic ricer wiki! Radioactive Misanthrope 20:21, 12 January 2012 (UTC)
Are you really a Holden, or just another kind of car? PeterQuasniki 2012! 20:23, 12 January 2012 (UTC)
Thank ye for the welcome :D, and no I currently not any form o vehicle Peter :) Judge HoldenThe Judge Smiles 22:05, 12 January 2012 (UTC)
[edit] Hey!
In the English language, the names of countries take an upper-case first letter. P-Foster Talk "Watched Mad Men thinking it was supposed to be a sit-com. Found it disappointing." 14:44, 6 February 2012 (UTC)
Sorry, fast typer and full o red bull, Ill correct immidiately Judge HoldenThe Judge Smiles 14:58, 6 February 2012 (UTC)
[edit] Hey!
A libel lawyer just called me. She said something about us saying that an actual person was about to commit mass murder, and how they might not like us saying it about them. Theory of Practice "the standards of the site are ultimately an expression of the community makeup, and not a set of rules or policies." 15:22, 25 July 2012 (UTC)
Personal tools
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}
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"A REALLY INTELLIGENT INTERVIEWER." -- Lance Henriksen
"QUITE SIMPLY, THE BEST HORROR-THEMED BLOG ON THE NET." -- Joe Maddrey, Nightmares in Red White & Blue
**Find The Vault of Horror on Facebook and Twitter, or download the new mobile app!**
**Check out my other blogs, Standard of the Day, Proof of a Benevolent God and Lots of Pulp!**
Friday, April 23, 2010
Beastly: A Tale as Old as Time Gets a Modern Update
By Paige MacGregor
What happens when the hottest, richest guy in school has a run-in with the school’s resident “witch”? In the case of director Daniel Barnz’ (The Cutting Room, Phoebe in Wonderland) upcoming film, Beastly, the consequences can be devastating.
Barnz’ film, a modern-day adaptation of the classic “Beauty and the Beast” story, is set for release this July. And although it might not sound like the type of film usually featured on The Vault of Horror, Beastly is worth mentioning for several reasons, not the least of which is its eclectic cast, which includes Alex Pettyfer (Wild Child, Tormented), Vanessa Hudgens (High School Musical), Mary-Kate Olson (New York Minute, The Wackness) and Neil Patrick Harris (How I Met Your Mother).
When Kyle (Pettyfer) upsets school outcast and rumored witch Kendra (Olson), she places a curse on him that transforms his good looks into mutilated hideousness. The spell gives Kyle one year to find a woman to fall in love with him despite his new appearance; failing to do so means he will retain his new, horrifying appearance forever.
The transformation that Pettyfer’s character undergoes in the film is one torn from the pages of fantasy and horror alike, and the source material that the film uses—the “Beauty and the Beast” story—falls solidly within the confines of the “dark fantasy” genre, placing Beastly within The Vault of Horror’s jurisdiction.
Don’t believe me? Take a look at the trailer below and see for yourself.
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ASUS X71SL
From Gentoo Wiki
Jump to: navigation, search
Asus X71SL is a laptop manufactured by Asus.
Product page: http://www.asus.com/Notebooks/Multimedia_Entertainment/X71SL/
This article describes the hardware on the M50V and the drivers required to use it.
Hardware
Hardware Summary and Support Status
Hardware Type Device Model Support Driver
Processor Processor Intel Pentium(R) Dual-Core T4200 (2.00GHz) Full acpi-cpufreq
Power Management ACPI Full acpi
PCI Express Bus SiS 671MX Full pcieport
Secondary Storage Hard Disk SiS (SATA / IDE mode!) Full pata_sis?
DVD RW Drive TSSTcorp CDDVDW TS-L633A Full sata_sis
Memory Card Reader Ricoh R5C822 Full sdhci-pci
Video Chipset Discrete GPU nVidia 9300M GS Full nvidia
Input Keyboard - Full evdev
Touchpad - Partial synaptics
Network Gigabit Ethernet SiS 191 Full sis190
802.11n Wifi Atheros AR928X Full ath9k
Modem N/A ? ?
Infrared Interface N/A ? ?
Sound HD Audio SiS, Azalia Full snd_hda_intel (realtek codec)
Peripheral USB 1.1 SiS USB 1.1 Controller Full ohci_hcd
USB 2.0 SiS USB 2.0 Controller Full ehci_hcd
IEEE 1394 Firewire Ricoh R5C832 Full firewire_ohci
Bluetooth N/A (optional?) ? ?
Webcam Chicony USB2.0 1.3M UVC WebCam ? ?
Fingerprint Reader N/A
Brightness Sensor - ? asus_laptop
Info LEDs - ? asus_laptop
General Configuration
Wired network doesn't work perfectly by default. MTU need to be set to 1492 instead of the default 1500 to work. I don't know why. This problem happens with systemresc cd, Ubuntu and every Linux distribution I tried.
File/etc/conf.d/netWired Network
mtu_eth0="1492"
You have to create the /etc/init.d/net.eth0 symlink to /etc/init.d/net.lo and start it at boot by: rc-update add net.eth0 default. (You don't really need to add it to default boot level, because net.eth0 started by hotplug by default) But I noticed that if I use dracut to boot the system, the ip is fine, but the settings in /etc/conf.d/net is ignored!
Sound
The audio hardware is supported by the Intel HD Audio drivers:
Kernel configurationAudio Support
Device Drivers --->
<*> Sound card support --->
<*> Advanced Linux Sound Architecture --->
[*] PCI sound devices --->
<*> Intel HD Audio --->
[*] Build Realtek HD-audio codec support
[ ] Build static quirks for Realtek codecs
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Help Wikitravel grow by contributing to an article! Learn how.
Metro Manila
From Wikitravel
(Redirected from Metropolitan Manila)
Jump to: navigation, search
Makati; Central Business District
Metro Manila (Filipino: Kalakhang Maynila) is the National Capital Region and the prime tourist destination in the Philippines. The metropolis is the Philippines' center of commerce, education, and entertainment. It is located on the island of Luzon, bordered by the province of Bulacan on the north, Rizal on the east, Laguna on the south, Cavite on the southwest, and Manila Bay on the west. Though it is the smallest region in the country, Metro Manila is the most populous of the twelve defined metropolitan areas in the Philippines and the 11th most populous in the world with a population of 16.3 million people.
[edit] Regions
1st District (Manila)
The 1st district is exclusive for the Philippines' bustling, crowded and noisy city of Manila where the historic walled city of Intramuros stands. This is also where Chinatown and Little India are located.
2nd District (Quezon City, Marikina, Pasig, San Juan, Mandaluyong)
Quezon City; one of the Philippines' largest cities in terms of population and the former capital of the country is located here, as well as Pasig and its historical river. The Ortigas CBD, the capital's secondary financial hub next to Makati, is located in Mandaluyong. Lastly, Marikina, known forth both its shoes and rapid development, is also located in this district.
3rd District (Navotas, Malabon, Caloocan, Valenzuela, North Caloocan)
The 3rd district consists of the flood prone city of Malabon, Valenzuela, Navotas, Caloocan and North Caloocan all of which are on the outskirts of the Metro.
4th District (Makati, Pasay, Taguig, Pateros, Muntinlupa, Parañaque, Las Piñas)
The heart of the 4th district is formed by the financial and commercial districts of Makati, Pasay and Taguig. Las Piñas is where the famous bamboo organ is found. Parañaque is where Newport city (containing Resorts World and the Marriot) of Philippines is located, right across Naia terminal 3. The city of Muntinlupa where the Philippines' smallest lake is located. The town of Pateros which is mostly known for its Balut.
[edit] Cities
Metro Manila is home to the country's business districts, wealth extremes as well as major shopping centers, with a combined population of 11 Million and growing.
• Manila — The capital of the Philippines, one of the most densely populated cities in the world.
• Quezon City — also has its share of large shopping malls, and electronic and automotive parts discount centers. The Ortigas Center at the confluence of Quezon City, Mandaluyong and San Juan is also a shopper's paradise.
• Caloocan — the main hub of people from the Northern Philippines. Known to be one of the 4 original cities of Metro Manila, along side Manila, Quezon City, and Pasay City.
• Pasay — Home to cultural centers and establishments as well as the Philippines' largest mall; The Mall of Asia as well as the one of the country's popular attraction; the Coconut Palace.
• Pasig — A city named after the river next to it, the Pasig River. It is an industrial town with a booming business district in the uptown Ortigas Center. Downtown Pasig is home to more rustic churches, American period houses, and excellent cuisine.
• Makati — Metro Manila's business district with tall buildings, luxurious hotels, vast shopping malls, lively entertainment spots, and numerous restaurants.
• Mandaluyong — Nicknamed as Shopping capital of the Philippines for its collection of numerous shopping centers.
• MarikinaShoe capital of the Philippines, it was the former capital of the province of Manila during the declaration of Philippine Independence.
• Taguig — First a thriving fishing community it slowly developed into an urbanized city.
[edit] Other destinations
[edit] Understand
Locals refer to Metro Manila simply as Manila. However, the City of Manila forms only the city proper of Metro Manila. Consisting of 16 cities and 1 municipalities in 630 square kilometers, the metro is the national capital region, and the center of Philippine culture, arts, commerce, industry, and tourism. Metro Manila likewise serves as the pivot point to other exciting, popular destinations in the Philippines such as Boracay, Cebu City, Davao City and more.
[edit] People
Metro Manila's population is a diverse mix of Multi-racial people as well as people from different classes either from the richest businessmen to the poorest of the poor. The streets of Binondo in Manila is Metro Manila's Chinatown, while the district of Paco is known as Little India and Japantown. European and American enclaves are found in Business districts where urban life is enjoyed and much similar to western lifestyle. Koreans forever everywhere and anywhere have resulted to Koreatown which is located in Makati City's Burgos St. which features many Korean restaurants, shops and groceries. The growth of immigrants is due to cheap cost for education and living in the Philippines. This is also a home to many of the rich and famous which most reside in Forbes Park as well as home to many homeless and poorest of the poor who seek job opportunities in this metropolis. Efforts have been made to clear slums in order to clean the Pasig River which have been reportedly successful and sustainable.
[edit] Religion
Religion is a major key role in a local Filipino's life, Hindu, Buddhist, Taoist and Confucian temples are found, the Golden mosque is located in Quiapo; the Filipino-Muslim district, while cathedrals, churches and chapels of various Christian denominations are scattered around mostly of Roman Catholic faith. Processions of holy images are carried through in some cities of Metro Manila and during these times streets are crowded with a little space to move around or sometimes no space to move around.
[edit] Economy
Metro Manila is a haven for investors and businessmen alike and the region accounts about 30% ($124 Billion) of the total GDP of the Philippines. It is also where major Filipino companies have their headquarters. Business, commercial and Financial districts include; Makati, Ortigas (Pasig and Mandaluyong) and Taguig, this is also where the Philippine Stock Exchange (PSEi) is located.
[edit] Talk
Communication with the locals is easy because almost everyone is bilingual. While Filipino is the national language which is based on Tagalog, English is the primary language of trade, government, media and education not only in Metro Manila but in the whole Philippines as well. Spanish-speakers may recognize some words in Tagalog, since some of its vocabulary is Spanish-derived. A minority of Min Nan (Hokkien), Hindi, Tamil and other Indian languages, Korean, Japanese is spoken by Korean and Japanese immigrants, Filipino-Muslims residing in Manila or any other part of the country know how to read and communicate in Arabic, and other ethnicities/immigrants speak their native languages. Some Filipinos have knowledge of Spanish.
[edit] Get in
[edit] By air
[edit] Ninoy Aquino International Airport
Travellers using Ninoy Aquino airport should be aware of extensive issues of bribery and corruption. [1]
Ninoy Aquino International Airport(NAIA) (Filipino: Paliparang Pandaigdig ng Ninoy Aquino) (IATA: MNL) (ICAO: RPLL) Metro Manila is the primary gateway to the Philippines. From overseas, most visitors arrive by plane. NAIA consists of 3 terminals as well as 1 domestic passenger terminal:
• Terminal 1 — All international carriers except All Nippon Airways
• Terminal 2 — All Philippine Airlines flights
• Terminal 3 — All AirPhil Express, Cebu Pacific and All Nippon Airways flights
• Manila Domestic Passenger terminal — Zest Air domestic flights, Interisland Airways and SEAIR flights.
Philippine Airlines (PAL) usually provides seamless transfers between their international and domestic network whereas you would generally not be given this service on other carriers. Terminal 2 has free internet access, NAIA is voted and rated as one of the worst airports in the world -- this is because Terminal 1 (where most passengers arrive from international flight) has over reached the capacity of 5 million, Terminal 3 however is the newest of all terminal but not fully operational because of some legal issues, T3 is the most comfortable of all 4 terminals, it is expected to replace T1 in the near future, Manila Passenger domestic terminal is uncomfortable, it is small and often crowded. T2 is the only terminal which is comfortable which is fully operational, it serves flights for the Philippines' major carrier; Philippine Airlines.
Getting around: All the terminals are divided however use the same runways, transferring from one terminal to another may take 10-20 minutes depending on how the traffic is. Taxis are available while a free airport shuttle between T1-T3 is provided from all terminals if you're in transit. Taxis are the only way to get to Manila Domestic Passenger terminal.
Getting out of the airport: Coupon (pre-paid) taxis are available at the airports to bring you to your hotel or wherever you may be going. Rates are fixed and dependent on the destination and generally are more expensive compared to what you would pay in a metered taxi. Coupon taxi counters usually are found immediately after exiting customs in both Terminals 1 and 2. The usual metered taxis are generally not allowed at the Arrival Terminal so you would either need to catch one unloading at the Departure Area or outside the airport complex. This may be easier said than done, particularly when lugging around heavy baggage.
Citylink buses (6-11am, 4-7pm)now also take passengers from Terminal 3 or Newport city (across terminal 3) to Eastwood in Quezon City for a fee of 38 pesos, ideal if you're staying in Eastwood or the Quezon city area.
Shuttle services now take passengers to and from Terminals 1-3, as a well as a stop in Pasay Rotunda which is a short walk away from the MRT or LRT stations. Shuttle operate every 15 minutes from 5am-11pm, and you can ask the tourist information desk where they are in each respective terminal. Look for shuttle vans that say "NAIA 1-2-3Domestic Loop". 20 pesos/pax [2]
Getting in: Taxis are the best option for getting to NAIA. A shuttle service from the Pasay rotunda (where the MRT and LRT lines meet) takes passengers to NAIA for 20 pesos.
If you're coming from Eastwood in Quezon City, a Citylink bus (6-11am, 4-7pm)will take you all the way to Terminal 3 for 38 pesos, with stops alon the way, including Fort Bonifacio.
Leaving Manila by air: Be careful that, due to the low efficiency of some activities in the airport, you should be there at least 2 hours before your flight (3 to 4 hours being safer); otherwise, you will have no chance to get your flight. You must pass through airport entrance queue, initial security queue, Philippine Travel Tax queue (if ticket is purchased online or outside the Philippines; for Philippine citizens and residents only), check in queue, departure tax payment queue (Php 750 as for February 2011), immigration queue, final security queue, and boarding queue, all being very long. Don't forget to keep money (Php only) for the departure tax.
[edit] Diosdado Macapagal International Airport
Low cost carriers such as Air Asia[3] and Tiger Airways utilize the Diosdado Macapagal International Airport (DMIA) (IATA: CRK) in Clark, Pampanga, which is a 2-hour drive north of Manila. These airlines have dedicated bus transfer services that transport passengers to and from the DMIA via newly renovated toll roads. You can catch the bus by Philtranco [4] either from it's terminal in Pasay City, Manila or from SM Megamall (behind building A) in Mandaluyong, Manila. From Pasay the fare is 350 pesos and from SM Megamall 300 pesos. Departure tax for this airport has been increased to 500 peso.
[edit] By boat
• Ferries run all over the Philippines, but should you not reserve a first class cabin be prepared for uncomfortable cramped conditions. There seems to be lax enforcement of Western safety standards.
• Supercats and fastcrafts connect short distances between islands on high-speed air-conditioned hydrofoil crafts. Not only do they provide a faster option than ordinary ferries, they are also much better maintained and have a remarkable safety record. Among the major routes serviced by fastcrafts in and around Manila are: Manila-Bataan, Manila-Cavite and Batangas-Puerto Galera.
[edit] By bus
• The Strong Republic Nautical Highway has made inter-island travel by bus possible. Major islands are connected by Roll On - Roll Off ferries which can carry cars, buses and cargo trucks. An example is the Manila to Boracay route which goes via Batangas, Calapan and Roxas in Mindoro then Caticlan. Philtranco [5] serves various inter-island routes and has a terminal in Cubao, Quezon City. Needless to say however that these trips can take quite a bit of time and may not be worth the savings if you have only a few days to spend in the Philippines.
• Normal provincial buses serving other parts of Luzon also have terminals in various portions of Metro Manila. The Cubao area in Quezon City and the Bonifacio Monument area in Caloocan City is where buses serving the northern portions of Luzon (e.g. Baguio, Zambales) have their terminals.
• The Buendia Ave. cor Taft Ave. intersection in Makati and the area near the Taft Ave. and EDSA intersection in Pasay is where buses from the south (e.g. Batangas, Laguna) have their terminals.
[edit] By rail
The PNR[6]operates rail lines from Tutuban into going as far south as Laguna. A Bicol express line to Naga City is soon to open, while rehabilitation of the northbound rail line is awaiting resumption after corruption allegations stalled them.
[edit] Get around
[edit] By car
The metropolis has an extensive system of highways connecting the various cities and municipalities. The major roads include ten radial roads, which branch out from central Manila and five circumferential roads which form concentric arcs around downtown Manila. Most of these roads are very important transportation arteries. One is the C-4 (Circumferential Road 4) also called Epifanio de los Santos Avenue or more popularly known as EDSA. Some other other important roads are R-1 (Radial Road 1) or Coastal Road/Manila-Cavite Road; R-3 or South Luzon Expressway (SLEX); R-7, which consists of Espana Avenue, Quezon Avenue, and Commonwealth Avenue; R-8 or the North Luzon Expressway (NLEX); and C-5 going from Bicutan to Libis (simply referred to as C-5).
However, driving in a private car is not recommended for people who are unfamiliar with Manila because many drivers there ignore such things as stoplights and lane markings and most also have no idea what right of way means (although this behavior has been decreasing significantly over the years). Public transport is very cheap however but may get very crowded during the rush hours in the morning and early evening (7 AM to 10 AM and 4 PM to 7 PM). Traffic also tends to crawl during these times so best avoid being on the move in these occasions. Another fact to take note is, drivers in Manila tend to be more aggressive and undisciplined.
When driving, be cautious of pedestrians crossing illegally. Be also aware when driving in narrow streets, where children usually play, given Manila is a crowded metropolis. Be also aware of the existing Number-Coding Scheme, where some vehicles are not allowed to ply Metro Manila streets from 7AM to 10AM, and from 3PM to 7PM, Mondays to Fridays, i.e. cars with license plates ending in numbers 1 and 2 should not go out of the street on the said schedule every Mondays, 3 and 4 every Tuesdays, and so on and so forth. Makati City however observes the Number-Coding scheme the whole day.
The price of petroleum is relatively comparable to that paid in the US but expensive in the eyes of locals.
[edit] By jeepney
Jeepneys
Jeepneys are evolved versions of the Jeep which American Armed Force units used as utility vehicles during the war years. Usually built with a reconditioned surplus diesel engine from Japan coupled to a locally fabricated chassis, jeepneys come in a wide range of colors and decorations that are limited only by the owner's/driver's imagination and taste. Over time, it has become the most common means of public transport in the Philippines. Recently however, the introduction of more modern buses as well as the more efficient LRT and MRT have lessened the importance of the jeepney. They still do travel all over the city, particularly in routes which are too small to be serviced by buses - but know exactly where you are headed before getting on. Once inside, pay your fare or "bayad" directly to the driver by telling him where you want to get off and how many people you are paying for. It is a norm all over the country that if you are seated far from the driver, one just need to say "Bayad po" while extending the hand with your fare to the driver and someone will readily take your fare and pass it until it gets to the driver. Giving back of change or "sukli" if the fare given is in a large denomination will come in a similar manner, and a polite expression of "Thank you" or "Salamat po" as a sign of gratitude is encouraged.
The fare structure begins with a minimum fare for the first four kilometers and increases every additional kilometer thereafter. As of February 2011 minimum fare is P 8 (14 US cts) while the per kilometer additional fare is P 1.25. Do not however expect that a driver will be able to give any change for very large denominations, e.g. P500 or P1000.
You can also request the driver to inform you that you are near to your destination. Note that loading and unloading zones for jeepneys are rarely followed so people hop on and get off practically at will. Saying "para" or "para po!" is the standard way to tell the driver that you need to get off. Caution - Jeeps are designed to carry small people - and can get very cramped for anyone over 6ft tall particularly if the jeepney is fully loaded! This arrangement is cramped even for the size of the locals who are small by Western comparison and some would regularly complain. Though not widely practiced, some people would pay for the price of two to avoid getting cramped by someone else as the fares are anyway extremely cheap. Jeepneys usually seat anywhere from 0 to 30 people.
[edit] By taxi
Taxis are very affordable by western standards but pretty expensive for locals and almost all are now air-conditioned and use a meter to compute for the final fare. The taxi rates start at PHP 40 (USD 0.90) for the first 500 metres and an extra PHP 3.50 (USD 0.08) for every succeeding 300-metres or 2 minutes of stopping.
Some drivers may take advantage of tourists, but closer regulation by authorities and even by mall operators, are curbing this practice slowly. Many taxis are in a poor state of repair and drivers drive erratically. The LTFRB (Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board) has now instituted hotline numbers to report erring drivers. Just take note of the cab name and number. Mall operators also closely monitor the operations of taxis that use their taxi racks by ensuring that cab drivers do not choose only passengers bound for nearby destinations. Do not hire taxis waiting at bus terminals; they will charge much higher fare (100% more than normal fare). Just walk out from any main bus terminal, and you will find plenty of cabs.
Be wary especially during traffic as drivers will ask for a minimum fare higher than what the meter requires you to pay. Also during rush hour (both morning and evening), as well as other times when there is heavy traffic (such as heavy rains), it is not unusual to see taxi drivers hesitant to drive you if your destination involves EDSA or an area full of offices; it is extremely difficult to hail a cab during these hours. During the early morning, passengers are strongly advised to bring smaller denominations of bills (as well as coins) as drivers usually don't have ready change.
[edit] By bus
Buses are common in the major thoroughfares of Metro Manila and most will pass through EDSA. The common routes are as follows:
Bus routes
Origin/Destination Destination/Origin Way/s
Baclaran Navotas EDSA and Ayala/EDSA alone
Baclaran SM Fairview EDSA and Ayala / Quezon Avenue and Espana
Baclaran Malanday EDSA and NLEX (North Luzon Expressway)
Baclaran Sta. Maria, Bulacan EDSA, Ayala, and NLEX/MacArthur Highway
Grotto Ninoy Aquino International Airport EDSA and SM Fairview
Malanday Ninoy Aquino International Airport EDSA
Alabang/Pacita Navotas SLEX (South Luzon Expressway) and EDSA
Alabang/Pacita Novaliches SLEX, EDSA and NLEX
Alabang Malanday SLEX and EDSA
Alabang SM Fairview SLEX and EDSA
Quiapo Cainta Ortigas Avenue, San Juan and Sta. Mesa
There are both ordinary and air-conditioned buses available. Conductors collect your fare once on board and they are ready with change although it is suggested you have coins during morning rush-hours ready. Just tell him/her where you want to get off. Like the jeepneys, buses do not have route numbers identifying their routes and often do not observe loading and unloading areas except for some highly regulated zones where they are bound to get a ticket for not doing so, most notably in Makati's central business district. As such, it is not uncommon for people to get on and off in odd places. Buses sometimes load and unload in the middle of the road and couldn't care less about the traffic they may cause. Furthermore, they don't have a timetable for when to stop at a particular area although buses bound to the same place stop at a particular area seconds from each other. The fare structure of buses is almost the same as that of jeepneys where a fare matrix is provided and fares increase at a constant rate per kilometre after the first few kilometres. While EDSA has a bus lane (two lanes wide on each side), these are generally packed with buses from city/provincial routes funneling down the thorughfare, and are rarely followed. It is not uncommon to see that a bus won't go until it is fairly packed so it's best to avoid an empty bus. This is because the drivers and conductors are paid depending on how many passengers they take-in. If your route/destination is along EDSA, it is best to take the MRT (see below) to avoid the traffic.
[edit] By minivan
FX (minivans) are a relatively new transport mode available now. They are more expensive than jeepneys, but cheaper than taxis. FX follow the jeepney practice of having a fixed route but like taxis are usually air-conditioned. You likely will have to share the ride as the FX can take up to 10 passengers at a time, but it's reasonably comfortable.
[edit] By tricycle
Tricycles (motorcycles with modified side cars) These are common for short trips in areas where jeepneys do not travel. In Manila proper you are unlikely to see any. However, in outlying suburbs and towns they are more common. Another variant is the pedicab or rickshaws which is merely a bicycle with a side car.
[edit] By rail
Mass Rail System
Travelling by rail is so far, one of the fastest options but be prepared with frequent train breakdowns, long lines, lack of signages and maps, and heat and pollution. Here are some options to choose from:
• There the LRT which is run by the Light Rail Transit Authority or LRTA [7]. The LRT has two lines. Line 1 (also known as the Yellow Line) runs along Taft Avenue from Baclaran in Paranaque to the Bonifacio Monument in Caloocan City. Line 2 (also known as the Purple Line) runs from Santolan in Pasig to Recto in the heart of downtown Manila.
• MRT The Metro Rail Transit [8] (also known as Line 3 or the Blue Line) is a light rail transit system that runs along Epifanio de los Santos Avenue or EDSA, one of the main thoroughfares in Metro Manila. The MRT runs from the North Avenue Station in Quezon City to the Taft Avenue Station in Pasay City. Fares are cheap (15 pesos for the entire length) and it is air conditioned albeit quite crowded during the morning and early evening rush hours. Entering the system requires a ticket which like other countries, must be inserted onto the turnstile. Alternatively, contactless plastic cards are increasingly becoming available to access the system although surcharges to both top-up the card and to pay for actual travel apply.
Single-journey and stored-value tickets are available for each of the lines. You can transfer between lines at the following areas:
• Between Line 1 and Line 2: Dorroteo Jose-Recto
• Between Line 1 and Line 3: Taft Avenue-EDSA
• Between Line 2 and Line 3: Araneta Centre/Cubao
However, unlike most other countries, you will need to exit the system and purchase a separate ticket to ride on the other lines except if you're in possession Strong Republic Transit Flash Pass. Also be prepared for long queues at the entrance as security personnel will check to see if bags are loaded with prohibited items.
Lines 1 and 3 are expected to be crowded during rush hour and while the journey itself can be fast, expect to wait a long time before riding and be mindful of your personal belongings as pickpockets are not uncommon.
[edit] On foot
It is not recommended to walk in Manila since many street sides are infested with vendors and peddlers. If walking is inevitable, just remember that you should always walk on areas were pedestrians walk (common sense), and crossing a street is not a problem, if you know how to cross the street correctly. Walking at night is not also recommended, especially for women. Walking in groups is a safe option if you are going at night. The business district of Makati is walkable as well as Taguig.
[edit][add listing] See
One should see Metro Manila's numerous attractions.
[edit] Plazas, Parks and Nature Reserves
Plaza de Roma
When it comes to parks, , Luneta park and Intramuros are the most popular destinations. Luneta Park (also called as Rizal Park and Rizal Monument) is home to the Rizal monument; a statue of the Philippines' national hero, Jose Rizal. It is one of the most significant and most important places in Philippine history from the Spanish colonial era to the EDSA revolution. The walled former city of Intramuros served as a settlement for the Indianized-Malay-Muslims, then it was taken over by the Spanish and fell into ruins during the World War II, it is one of the most popular icons of the Philippines. See Plaza de Roma in Intramuros where a statue of King Carlos IV of Spain stands, Plaza de Goiti or now known as Plaza Lacson is where a statue of Arsenio Lacson; said to be one of Manila's greatest mayor stands, next to it is Roman Santos building which would again make you think you're somewhere in Rome, Italy because of it Greco-Roman architecture. Plaza Miranda stands infront of Quiapo Church in the Filipino-Muslim district of Quiapo, an unfortunate event occurred here on 1971; the Plaza Miranda bombings. Manila Zoological and Botanical Gardens is one of the oldest zoos in Asia unfortunately it is criticized for its inadequate care towards animals as well as its dirty surroundings and animal rights activists are demanding to free the animals due to this while Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife Center have rare animals such as water monitors and the Philippine deer, it also treats injured animals even if it isn't part of their zoo. La Mesa Dam EcoPark is the haven for most Filipinos after a tiring week of work and a getaway from the noisy and polluted metro, not only is it an ecopark but is also a dam which provides water to Metro Manila and nearby provinces. Manila Ocean Park is larger than Singapore's Sentosa Underwater World, construction is incomplete however it had already opened to the public, tickets cost 350 for a child, 400 for adults. Quezon Memorial Circle is a shrine and a national park, it is where the remains of late President Manuel Quezon and his wife are rested. While Greenbelt Park is located in Makati and is worth seeing.
[edit] Places of worship
Manila Cathedral
Religion is one of the major aspects of life of a Filipino, the diverse population of the Philippines follows the world's major religions;Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism and some following the Jewish faith and part of the Church of the Latter Day Saints, some forms of paganism, animism or any other kind may somehow exist. Manila's population follows almost all of those religions.
[edit] Christian faith
EDSA Shrine
See Basilica Minore de la Immaculada Concepcion or Manila Cathedral in simple words in Intramuros, it is a historic church which served 2 funerals for 2 Filipino presidents as well as bishops' funerals. Basilica Minore de San Lorenzo Ruiz or Binondo Church in Chinatown caters to Chinese Filipinos, seen here is the synchronization of Western architecture, Catholic faith and Chinese influences. Our Lady of China chapel is located in this Church. See the miraculous Black Nazerene or Itim na Nazareno in Basilica Minore de Jesus Nazareno or Quiapo church which is believed to give miracles and blessings, during January it is crowded as well as the streets of Metro Manila too, as a procession is held, during Fridays the church is filled with devotees.
• Epifanio de los Santos Shrine
[edit] Churches and sanctuaries
• San Agustín Church. edit
• Redemptorist Church (Baclaran Church). edit
• Remedios Church (Malate Church). edit
• Santuario de San Antonio
[edit] Other faiths
The Golden Mosque is located in the Quiapo district which is somehow the Filipino-Muslim district of Manila, its dome is made of gold and is built in order of the Marcoses.
[edit] Museums
• The National Museum of the Filipino People
• Metropolitan Museum
• Filipinas Heritage Library
• Ateneo Art Gallery
• Ayala Museum
• Lopez Museum
• The Museum at De La Salle University-Manila
• Museum of Contemporary Art and Design at De La Salle-College of Saint Benilde
• Bahay Tsinoy (Filipino-Chinese Museum)
[edit] Monuments
• Monumento de la Revolucion
• Rizal Monument
• People Power Monument
• Quezon Monument
• Bonifacio Monument
[edit] Itineraries
[edit][add listing] Do
[edit] Annual festivals
[edit] Shop
The World in SM Mall of Asia which is similar to Unisphere at the Flushing Meadows – Corona Park in New York City.
There are generally two kinds of shopping destinations in Manila: the mall and the tiangge ("chang-ghe"). The Manila mall is more than just a shopping experience but a cultural destination as well. The largest malls in Metro Manila are practically their own cities within the city: complete with boutiques, supermarkets, department stores, restaurants, cinemas, medical facilities, hotels, schools, offices, gyms, serviced apartments, spas, convention centers, art galleries, bowling alleys, museums, ice skating rinks, and even a chapel for Sunday masses. In February 2006, Manila upped the ante on shopping malling with the opening of the gargantuan SM Mall of Asia exactly adjacent to Manila Bay, said to be the largest mall in the region. Simply put, shopping malls abound in Metro Manila, and the shopping experience is second to none, even by western standards. An entertainment city is planned by the government and has since broken ground in 2008 adjacent to the Mall of Asia which will feature 5-6 star hotels, casinos, high-end condominiums, shopping malls, theme park, an observation tower that is set to be one of the tallest in Southeast Asia and Manila's version of the London Eye. Already a Neochinatown has sprung nearby as well as the new Marriot Resort Community (Newport) is currently under different phases of development.
[edit] Tiangge
However, if you wish to experience the "ultimate Manila shopping experience", one has to shop at a tiangge. Tiangges are small makeshift stalls clustered together that sell anything and everything you can imagine think bazaars). But at bargain basement prices. In these places, one has to haggle, particularly if you are buying wholesale (defined as at least six pieces of the same item). The best tiangge complexes are in the Greenhills Shopping Center, Tiendesitas, Market! Market!, St. Francis Square, Tutuban Center Mall, Divisoria Mall, and 168 Mall. Go crazy buying quality clothes and shoes, pretty fashion jewelry and things for the house at very reasonable prices!
[edit] Shopping Malls
Metro Manila is by-far the most expensive urbanized area in the Philippines, but cheaper compared to Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, and Brunei. According to the Mercer Human Resource Consulting Cost of Living Survey of 2008, Manila is the cheapest to live in Southeast Asia for expatriates.
• Ayala Center - You should allocate at least half a day for this shopping area as it is much larger than you think. It appears that the interconnected malls are much larger than SM Mall of Asia. Its malls include Glorietta, Greenbelt and the Landmark.
• Rockwell Powerplant Mall
• Shangri La Plaza Mall
• The Podium
• SM Mall of Asia (MOA) - its facilities include an ice rink, convention center, a theme park and has over 1000 establishments; restaurants and shops as well as a Science center.
• SM City Fairview
• SM City Manila
• SM Megamall
• SM City North EDSA
• SM City Southmall
• SM Supercenter Pasig
• SM City Sucat
• Robinson's Place Manila
• Robinson's Place Magnolia
• TriNoma
• Market!Market!
• Circle C
• Ever Gotesco Mall
[edit][add listing] Eat
A tourist or visitor may be amused or perplexed to see Filipinos eating most of the time. Apart from the three major meals of the day, there are snacks in the morning and in the afternoon called merienda which are integral part of a typical Pinoy's everyday life. Metro Manila's diverse racial community had brought the rise to international cuisine, from just one corner of the street a Filipino would be eating Shawarma (more commonly known as Doner or Kebab for some westerners), another one would be enjoying his kimchee, while others would enjoy their night with sushi, some would desire Indian and Thai curry for their lunch while some would prefer the typical American breakfast in fastfood stores. For Chinese cuisine go to Chinatown where they serve Hokkien dishes; American steakhouses, high class Japanese, Korean, Indian and Thai restaurants lurk around Makati, Koreantown have cheaper options as well as Japantown (Little Tokyo). Usually if you prefer to splurge, Makati is one of the best options. Typical Filipino cuisine and streetfood are found in the streets of Manila which provide the best options, the cost could be $1-2 per serving or even lower.
[edit] Filipino Fastfood
America's influence is palpable in the Philippines, and you'll be hard pressed to find a mall without the requisite McDonalds and KFC. Filipino fastfood chains that capture the essence of Filipino food compete strongly for Philippine tastebuds however, and they may be a safe place for the tourist to try the local fare. The following are a list of fastfood chains that have branches all around the Metro, and in many cases around the country.
• Jollibee, [9]. The most well known Filipino fastfood chain of all, Jollibee can boast of over a thousand stores in the Philippines and more than 300 stores around the world. Typical fastfood fare for the most part, but the burger dressing will taste different (read: sweet) to most foreigners. For something a little different, try the pancit palabok, which is a vermicelli dish with an orange sauce. $1-$2 per serving. edit
• Greenwich Pizza, [10]. The second of Jollibee corps' trifecta of fastfood chains, Greenwich Pizzas are your typical fare, but once again with the slightly sweeter than usual tomato sauce. Some seasonal offerings may be on offer though, like the sisig pizza, so check the menu. $2-$3 per serving. edit
• Chowking, [11]. The Filipino version of Chinese food, also owned by Jollibee. For good sampling of their food, try the Lauriats, which feature a viand (beef, pork, chicken), rice, pancit (fried noodles with meat and veggies), siomai (dumplings), and buchi (a sweet rice ball covered with a sesame based coating. $2-$3 per serving. edit
• Tapa King, [12]. Tapaking is where you get the ubiquitous tapsilog (fried beef strips, fried garlic rice, and egg), which is popular breakfast fare, along with other local delicacies. $2-$3 per serving. edit
• GotoKing, [13]. This where you go to get the localized version of congee called goto and lugaw (rice porridge), with different kinds of toppings like chicken, roasted garlic, egg, etc. edit
• Mang Insasal, [14]. A relative newcomer, Mang Inasal actually brings a variety of barbecue called "inasal" into Metro Manila from the smaller city of Bacolod (located further south in the Visayan region). They offer other grilled meats, as well as soups like sinigang (a sour, tamarind based soup). $1-2$ per serving. edit
• Goldilocks, [15]. The place to go for your baked treats and sweets like mamon (a spongy round cake), polvoron (a tighly packed powdery treat) ensaymada (bread baked with cheese and sugar), and host of other delicacies for those with a sweet tooth. A must try savory treat is their fresh lumpiang sariwa (light and fresh spring roll with peanut sauce). edit
Where to eat
• Greenbelt Lifestyle Center - the widest selection of food choices, which also happen to be the trendiest and most unique, can be found in the Greenbelt Area at heart of Ayala Center in Makati City. With everything upscale, you can find yourself munching tapas with a glass of sangria or having a gastronomic delight of french treats.
• Tomas Morato - Before midnight strikes, the strip is becoming increasily famous among locals for comedy bars. However, restaurants with gastronomic delights of every kind or dish abound from end-to-end.
• The Promenade at Greenhills
• Baywalk - Prior to 2006, this used to be the most famous location for an abundance of affordable, delightful street food, by the bay. However, this has been closed by the city government for certain issues. Nevertheless, a visit to this area provides a different perspective of the old city of Manila.
• Eastwood City - Peppered with a lot of choices that offer comfortable dining in airconditioned or al fresco style, this place appeals to the upbeat, on-the-rise professionals and more affluent members of the Filipino society. There are lots of things to enjoy from good food, music, to midnight movies and shopping. Very appropriate for the night owls and nearby universitarians.
• The Fort Strip and Serendra located in Global City, Taguig - Trendy, classy, isolated yet warm, surprising and fulfilling. From Makati City, it is easy to reach the newest dining and entertainment hub in the Metropolis by private car or cab.
• Tiendesitas - literally "little stores", This place seems to have been primarily built with returning Filipinos in mind as well as foreigners interested in some kind of cultural immersion. It is a confluence of some 450 traders from the three major islands of the Philippines, namely Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao, selling specialty merchandise. So much to choose from but the food pavilions are the busiest.
[edit][add listing] Drink
The epicenter of Metro Manila's famous nightlife is the Greenbelt in Makati and Bonifacio Global City in nearby Taguig where some of the city's best restaurants, cafes, bars and karaoke joints cluster around a park in the middle of the main business district. The Fort, Serendra and Bonifacio High Street are three different clusters that offers high-end restaurants, bars and shops in the nearby city of Taguig. Bohemian Malate and the adjoining Baywalk contain a variety of venues serving a combination of food, comedy, alcohol and live music in Manila. Other nightlife clusters in the Metro are Eastwood, Araneta Center, and Timog all in Quezon City.Many nightclubs now rival first-world standards both in terms of luxury and vibrancy.
Additionally, there are numerous venues in which to catch elements of an active Philippine alternative rock community. Some venues, such as saGuijo Cafe in Makati, have risen to some prominence.
[edit][add listing] Sleep
Check city articles for listings
Hotels range from P500 to P10,000 above or more if you want to stay in a luxurious place, popular hotels such as Shangri-La and Mandarin Oriental are found in Manila and Makati while Marriot hotels just opened a branch in Newport City. Hotels include common frills such as laundry service, telephone, TV etc. Motels have a bad reputation and perception by Filipinos as they are viewed as meeting places for illicit sex and things alike however it is the one of the cheapest options available. Condominiums are perhaps doubling and doubling in years which is a result of a growing economy in the country and investment. If you are staying for a long period of time, Condos are OK and most of them are found around financial districts and often near to commercial establishments.
[edit] Stay safe
Aside from pickpockets and cellphone-snatching, Manila is relatively safe for almost all tourists. Tourists are expected to receive warm welcome from locals especially if they are somewhat connected to the locals (for example, you are married to a local or you have a boyfriend/girlfriend who is a local).
Violent crime is quite evident in some parts of the metro, but this usually happens among locals, and tourists should not worry a lot, since there are many police and frequent police patrol cars within Metro Manila, especially tourist areas.
Bag-snatching is also common, but, of course, common sense will reduce that threat. Most victims are locals.
Be also aware of stray dogs, but they are not a problem in financial districts such as Makati CBD and Taguig and can be seen only in residential outskirts and non-commercialized suburbs of Metro Manila.
[edit] Cope
[edit] Embassies and Consulates
Metro Manila is where most countries have their embassies as it is the main gateway to the Philippines.
• Argentina, 104 H.V. Dela Costa St., Salcedo Village, Makati City, +63 2 845 3218 (). Mon-Fri 10AM-4PM. edit
• Australia, 23rd Level, Tower 2 RCBC Plaza, 6819 Ayala Ave., Makati City, +63 2 757 8100, [16]. Mon-Fri 8AM-4:30PM. edit
• Austria, 4th Floor, Prince Building, Thailand (Rada) Street, Legaspi Village, Makati City, +63 2 817 9191. Mon-Fri 7:30AM-3:30PM. edit
[edit] Get out
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Borobudur
From Wikitravel
Central Java : Borobudur
Revision as of 06:02, 2 March 2013 by Idubx (Talk | contribs)
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Sunrise at the stupas of Borobudur with steaming Mount Merapi in the background
Borobudur[1] is a Buddhist stupa and temple complex in Central Java, Indonesia dating from the 8th century, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This is one of world's truly great ancient monuments, the single largest Buddhist structure anywhere on earth, and few who visit fail to be taken by both the scale of place, and the remarkable attention to detail that went into the construction. Set as it is in the heart of the verdant Kedu Plain, the backdrop of mighty active volcanoes only enhances the sense of awe and drama.
Understand
History
There is no definite written record of who built Borobudur or why it was built. It was likely founded as a religious site in the 8th century at the peak of the Sailendra dynasty in central Java. The construction is thought to have taken a period of 75 years, and completed in about 825 A.D.
The haphazard jumble of Hinduism and Buddhism from this period in Java's history can be baffling for visitors. Together with the records of many royal marriages between Hindu and Buddhist nobles, many Hindu and Buddhist monuments were constructed in the region at this time. For example, Borobudur and the nearby Hindu Prambanan temple complex were more or less contemporaneous. This, together with many records of royal marriages between Hindu and Buddhist nobles, has led academics to believe that there was little serious conflict concerning religion in central Java at this time.
Borobudur lay abandoned and hidden for centuries under layers of volcanic ash and thick jungle growth. Nobody knows for sure why it was abandoned, although the popular theories are that the local population just became disinterested when there were mass conversions to Islam in the 15th century, or they were simply driven away by a large volcanic eruption. It was never forgotten entirely though, with local folklore ensuring that stories of the great monument lived on.
Borobudur as seen from the east
Rediscovery
Following the Anglo-Dutch Java War, Java was briefly under British administration from 1811 to 1816. The British governor was Thomas Stamford Raffles (the founder of Singapore), and he took a great practical and academic interest in the history of the mystical island of Java. On a tour to Semarang in 1814, he was informed about a huge ‘lost’ monument deep in the jungles near Yogyakarta, and he sent a Dutch engineer to investigate. It took two months to clear the jungle and partially reveal the amazing monument, but it was not until 1885 that the complex was unearthed in its magnificent entirety. Raffles also presided over the re-discovery of nearby Prambanan, and it is somewhat ironic that the very brief British rule of Java led to the uncovering of both these ancient monuments.
Appreciation and protection was surprisingly slow to develop, and Borobudur became the domain of unscrupulous souvenir hunters. Modern-day archaeologists speculate that this was due to the European obsession with Ancient Egypt at the time — Borobudur was just too remote and too far away to get the attention it undoubtedly deserved. There was even a Dutch proposal to dismantle the monument and scatter it piece-by-piece to museums around the world. Thankfully, good sense prevailed and by the end of the 19th century the site was left largely intact, and a five year restoration programme was undertaken in 1907.
Carved reliefs in Borobudur's lower terraces
Modern day Borobudur
In 1956 UNESCO began an assessment process for the full scale restoration of the monument. Finally in 1968, a major plan to restore Borobudur was created, and this huge project involved a complete overhaul of the monument up until 1983. The unsteady foundations were stabilized, everything was meticulously cleaned and a major drainage system installed. After the works were finished, UNESCO formally listed Borobudur as a World Heritage Site in 1991. Since then, the profile of Borobudur has increased enormously, and it is now a major international tourist attraction. Its statues, reliefs and stupas have spawned millions of replicas which adorn properties worldwide.
This huge popularity has its downsides. Both deliberate vandalism and general wear and tear are of great concern for the future integrity of the monument. Pleas for visitors not to touch anything are made in the form of signs, by broadcast warnings, and by the presence of guards, but this does not stop the problem. Many have called for the monument to be closed to casual visitors, and for access to be only via timed guided tours.
As well as being the single most popular tourist attraction in modern day Indonesia, Borobudur has resumed its role as an important place of worship and pilgrimage for Indonesian Buddhists. Visitors should be understanding and respectful of this, especially during major Buddhist holiday periods.
The 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake which badly damaged nearby Prambanan, left Borobudur unscathed.
The 2010 eruption of Mount Merapi
Borobudur was heavily affected by the eruption of Mount Merapi in October and November 2010. Volcanic ash from Merapi fell on the temple complex, which is approximately 28 km (17.5 mi) west-southwest of the crater. During the strong eruption of 3-5 November for example, a layer of ash up to 2.5 cm (1 in) thick fell onto the temple. This also killed nearby vegetation. Experts feared that the acidic ash might severely damage the historic site. The temple complex was closed from 5-9 November 2010 to clean up that ash-fall, and the upper levels remained closed to the public until late September 2011. Upon reopening the upper levels, the Borobudur Conservation Agency announced that visitor numbers to those levels were restricted to under 82 people.
UNESCO donated US$3 million as a part of rehabilitation costs to rid the temple's stones of volcanic sediment, then to plant trees to stabilise temperatures, and finally to support the living conditions of local residents. More than 55,000 stone blocks from the temple structure had to be dismantled to enable restoration of the drainage system, which had been clogged by slurry after rains. This restoration programme is predicted to be finished in November 2011.
Orientation
Borobudur lies in the the Kedu Plain - a very fertile volcanic plain between the twin volcanoes of Mount Sumbing and Mount Sundoro to the west, and Mount Merbabu and Mount Merapi to the east.
Information office
• PT Taman Wisata Candi Borobudur Prambanan Ratu Boko (Official Taman Wisata Candi Borobudur Prambanan Ratu Boko), Borobudur Temple Unit Office, Jl Badrawati, Borobudur, Magelang, Jawa Tengah 56553 Indonesia, +62 293 788 266 (, fax: +62 293 788 132), [2]. 6AM-6PM daily. The official government park authority for Borobudur.
Get in
Borobudur route map
By plane
The nearest larger airports are Yogyakarta's Adisucipto International Airport (IATA: JOG) and Solo's Adisumarmo International Airport (IATA: SOC). Both are well connected domestically, and also offer some international connections to Singapore and Kuala Lumpur. AirAsia for example flies from Singapore to Yogyakarta daily.
It is possible, if one rushes oneself a bit, to visit Borobudur on a day trip from Bali or Jakarta. You can also fly direct to Semarang from Singapore with Batavia Air [3] (4 times per week), and make your way to Borobudur from there (90 min by road).
By bus
The public buses to Borobudur from Yogyakarta are aimed mostly at Indonesian visitors, and only a few tourists venture aboard. If you are adventurous though, the Trans-Jogya service runs from central Yogyakarta to Jombor bus terminal in northern Yogyakarta, bus 2B/2A (Rp 3,000), where you can change to another bus to get to Borobudur. It takes about 60-90 minutes, and will cost Rp 20,000 one way. The Trans-Jakarta staff and Jombor station staff are very friendly and will direct you to the correct buses.
Buses run regularly from Magelang to Borobudur via Muntilan and are widely advertised there. The journey time is about 1 hour.
To get from or to the Hindu temples at Prambanan, take a Yogyakarta bus and get down at Jombor Terminal (90 min, Rp 15,000 for visitors, Rp 7,000 for Indonesians). From Jombor take TransJogya route 2B to Prambanan (45-60 min, Rp 3,000). It will require 3 bus changes: 2B from Jombor to Terminal Condong, 3B from Terminal Condong to Maguwo (Jl. Solo) and 1A/B from Maguwo to Prambanan.
From Semarang or Semarang Harbour you can go to Borobudur with rent car or tourist van with 7 seaters van,with 3 hours driving approximately.Like Central Java Transporter, +6285225993574 (), [4]. who operates transport with 7 seaters van in the central of java.
By minibus
Travel agents in Yogyakarta sell door-to-door minibus tour packages for around Rp 75,000. This is a good deal and a straightforward way to reach the monument, although some operators may stop off at batik and silver factories along the route.
By car
Borobudur is about 40 minutes north of Yogyakarta by car. Most of the route is on a well-maintained (for Indonesia) four-lane (in many places) highway, and there are frequent bus services (see above). A taxi from central Yogyakarta to Borobudur costs around Rp 200,000, and fixed price taxi from the taxi counter at Yogyakarta airport is Rp 190,000. Rent Car Company like Central Java Transporter, +6285225993574 (), [5].
By train
The nearest stations are in Yogyakarta which is the major rail hub of Central Java. Connections are frequent from major cities in the west such as Jakarta and Bandung, and in the east such as Surabaya. From the main Tugu station it is easy to arrange taxi or bus transfers to Borobudur.
Get around
Map of the Borobudur area
The only practical means of getting around Borobudur is on foot. A toy train of limited practical use shuttles around the temple, and between the museum and entrance gate for Rp 5,000 a throw.
If you are staying in the area, most local hotels and guesthouses will rent bicycles for about Rp 30,000-50,000 per day. This is a good way of exploring the other sights and local villages around Borobudur.
See
Entrance fees
Entry into Borobudur costs:
• US$20/Rp 190,000 for adult non-Indonesians. (as of 5th Sept. 2012, unchanged in 2013)
• US$8/Rp 72,000 for non-Indonesian registered students (proof, e.g. ISIC, is required).
• Rp 30,000 for Indonesian adults or foreign holders of an Indonesian work permit (as of Aug. 2012).
The site is open to public entrance from 6AM-5PM. However, the Manohara Hotel (see Sleep) runs a daily Borobudur Sunrise Tour ][6] for Rp 380,000 for foreigners (Rp 230,000 if you are a hotel guest) and Rp 250,000 for Indonesians, which gets you a flashlight and an escort to the temple gate at 4:30AM. This is in time to see the sunrise, and to explore for an hour and a half before the hordes arrive. This is well worth the money. The sun rises in the same direction as the entrance you used to gain access to the temple. The top few levels offer a great view wherever you position yourself. If you're so inclined, grab a private spot facing East and enjoy your own precious few minutes of reflection (or photography).
Hiring a guide who can explain the reliefs in some detail costs Rp 75,000-100,000 per hour. Some guides may insist on a minimum time of two hours. You should ask for a guide in the evening before going to tour in the morning. It is also perfectly possible to roll up and find a guide available, it all depends on how busy the site is. Guides speaking European languages other than English may be available.
In April 2011 it was announced that to assist in the ongoing preservation of the temple, future visitors would be required to view the temple in groups of no more than 30 persons and must be accompanied by Taman Wisata Candi Borobudur (TWCB) staff members.
Visitors are required to wear a sarong whilst visiting the temple, although the rule doesn't appear to be strictly enforced. If you do not bring your own, then one is provided free with the entrance ticket. These are available at a post located at the bottom of the temple entrance stairs, and should be returned before leaving at an exit post.
The main site is approached through a large open and pleasant park inside the complex.
Since July 2012, overseas visitor can purchase entrance tickets online officially through www.kiostix.com.
The monument
Half cross section of Borobudur
Borobudur consists of six square platforms topped by three circular platforms, and is decorated with no less than 2,672 relief panels and 504 Buddha statues of various types. The main dome, located at the centre of the top platform, is surrounded by 72 Buddha statues seated inside perforated stupas. The square base is 118 m (387 ft) long on each side, and the highest point 35 m (114 ft) above ground level.
The whole monument is constructed from dark grey andesite stone, and so synonymous has this become with Borobudur and other temples on the Kedu Plain, that Indonesian for the material is simply batu candi (temple stone).
Climbing the structure takes a little bit of effort, and the dark stone absorbs the sun's heat rapidly to make walking and climbing quite hot work by early afternoon. If you have but modest stamina or heat tolerance, you should start as early in the day as possible, and take plenty of water with you. Some free bottled water and coffee usually comes with the ticket for international visitors.
The single stupendously large structure can be divided into layers as follows:
• The platform or foot at the base of the structure, which was clearly post the original construction and hides some reliefs, is of uncertain provenance and function. The main theories are that the platform was added to censor reliefs depicting earthly desires or — rather more likely — to buttress the subsiding structure and prevent it from collapsing. A section of the platform has been excavated at the southeast corner, showcasing some of the hidden reliefs underneath.
• The bulk of the structure consists of six square terraces connected by steep staircases. Each terrace has reliefs in two layers on both sides, recounting the story of the Buddha's past lives and his enlightenment. The correct way to view the reliefs is to start from the east gate (the main entrance) and circulate clockwise.
The distinctive stupas of the upper levels of Borobudur
• Above the square terraces, the structure suddenly opens up to reveal the final three circular terraces. Comparatively plain and unadorned, there are no more reliefs here just seventy two lattice work stupas — domes housing half-hidden Buddha statues (many headless, some lost entirely). A bombing some years ago destroyed nine of them, but they have been well restored.
• The peak of the structure is a central stupa. The two chambers inside the stupa are empty, and it is unclear whether they were empty from the beginning as a representation of nirvana, or whether they originally contained statues which were looted or lost. The site museum contains what might be a missing statue.
The monument's three divisions (the square terraces and central stupa at the peak are regarded as one division) symbolise the three realms of Buddhist cosmology, namely Kamadhatu (the world of desires), Rupadhatu (the world of forms), and finally Arupadhatu (the formless world).
There are six different postures of Buddha's statue from the bottom level to the top. These are contact with earth, giving and helping, meditation, fearlesness, teach and learn, and finally turning the wheel of dharma.
The wall reliefs
You can think of Borobudur as a very large teaching graphic recounting the life story of the Buddha, his teachings and his progress towards Nirvana. If you want to truly understand the reliefs, it is best to employ a guide to explain the stories to you.
In summary, the 2,760 reliefs tell four key sets of stories in the form of carved illustrations and Sanskrit inscriptions:
• The law of karma or Karmavibhangga. These are mostly hidden by the post-original construction masking at the foot of the monument. The reliefs tell stories and give examples of the nature of karma with depictions of both praiseworthy (including co-operative working practices and planned parenthood) and blameworthy (including torture, rape and theft) activities. The masking was disassembled in 1890 before being painstakingly rebuilt, and photographs were taken of the reliefs at this time. These photographs are displayed in the Borobudur Museum.
• The birth of Buddha or Lalitavistara. Before the story starts, there are 27 panels showing preparations for the final earthly incarnation. The story then begins with the descent of the Lord Buddha from heaven, and continues until his first earthly sermon as Prince Siddhartha.
• The Jatakas and avadanas. Jatakas are stories about the Buddha before he was born as Prince Siddhartha. Avadanas are similar to jatakas, but the main figure is not Buddha himself. Both are depicted in the same series of reliefs.
• The journeys of Sudhana searching for ultimate truth or Gandavyuha. This is the story told in the final chapter of the Avatamsaka Sutra about Sudhana's tireless wandering in search of the highest perfect wisdom.
The Borobudur Museum
There are two museums located within Borobudur Archaeological Park, the Karmawibhanga Museum and the Samudraraksa Museum. These museums are housed inside the park just a few hundred metres to the north of the temple. These museum ticket are already included within the Borobudur entrance ticket, so visitor are free to enter the museum.
The Samudraraksa Museum display the actual size replica of Borobudur Ship. It also display the maritime technology and trade network of 8th century Asia and Africa, especially the maritime trade of Indian Ocean. In 1982 a British naval history scholar called Philip Beale was visiting Borobudur when he noticed 10 panels depicting ocean-going ships. He surmised that these ships may have been a part of a famous shipping route — the Cinnamon Route — that linked Indonesia to Africa many centuries earlier. This led Beale to build a model ship based on those depictions, and that is now housed in its own dedicated space within the museum.
The Karmawibhanga Museum display archaeological findings around Borobudur, the restoration process, as well as the photographs of Karmawibhanga relief on hidden foot of Borobudur. It does a sometimes haphazard job of presenting the restoration process. Perhaps the most interesting exhibitions about this are those of the law of karma reliefs, with explanatory comments, and the photo gallery of late 19th-century shots of the complex before it was restored.
The museum is open daily 6AM-6PM and entry is included with the main Borobudur ticket.
Around Borobudur
Between Yogyakarta and Magelang lies the volcanic Kedu Plain. This was clearly an important area in pre-10th century Javanese history as it contains a whole host of ruins (both Buddhist and Hindu) dating from the same era as Borobudur, and easily reached from there. If you have a car, the most accessible of these together make an interesting use of the late part of the day on the way back to Yogyakarta after you have seen Borobudur. Alternatively, if you are staying in the Borobudur area, rent a bicycle and explore these temples together with the verdant local countryside.
Candi Mendut near Borobudur
A combined ticket for entrance to both Candi Mendut and Candi Pawon costs Rp 3500. You should be able to visit any of these in the hours of daylight.
• Candi Mendut — a Buddhist temple that is thought to have acted as a way-point on the road to Borobudur. It was first discovered in 1834 and holds the distinction of being the first ancient monument in the whole of Indonesia to be restored (from 1897). Some of the statues and reliefs here are of the highest quality, and it is well worth a visit. Mendut is notable as the start of the modern day Waisak procession. From Borobudur head back towards Muntilan on the main road for 3 km (1.8 mi) , and Candi Mendut is signposted off a small left hand turn off the main road.
• Candi Pawon (Branjalan) — is only 2 km (1.25 mi) from Borobudur and you cannot miss driving past it when heading back towards Muntilan and Yogyakarta. It is on a direct line with Borobudur and Mendut and is again thought to have been am ancient way-point. Both Candi Pawon and Candi Mendut are on a perfect straight line with Borobudur. This temple was restored in the early 20th century.
Candi Pawon near Borobudur
• Candi Ngawen — is in Ngawen village just to the south of Muntilan on the main road heading towards Yogyakarta, about 15 km (9 mi) from Borobudur. This Buddhist temple dates from 824 AD, and has some interesting wall reliefs.
• Candi Canggal — dates from the 8th century, and is at Gunung Wukir on the main road heading back towards Yogyakarta from Muntilan. The best landmark is the Chinese cemetery which you should look for on the right after leaving Muntilan. A road leads west (right) just after you pass this cemetery. Follow this until the end and walk the last few minutes to Candi Canggal.
Do
If you are still at Borobudur in the late afternoon, return to the top level for sunset. It is often very quiet at this time, and the sunset behind the mountains to the west is quite magical.
Festivals
• On Waisak, Buddha's birthday (held on the night of the full moon in May), an elaborate and colourful multi-day Buddhist festival is held at Borobudur, culminating in a candle-lit procession from Candi Mendut to Borobudur. If you are lucky enough to be visiting at this time, the procession is magical event to witness. At other times, just walking the Waisak procession route from Borobudur to Candi Mendut (or vice versa) is an excellent experience.
The Mahakarya being performed at Borobudur for the Trail of Civilisations Symposium in 2006
• Every June, the park authority arranges a performance of the Mahakarya Borobudur [7]. This ballet uses traditional Javanese dance to tell the story of the conception and construction of the temple. The event takes place at the Aksobya open theatre against the backdrop of Borobudur, and is a lavish production. Tickets Rp 300,000-800,000.
Buy
Persistent touts hassle tourists on the approaches to the temple but are usually kept away from the temple itself. Be firm and polite about your intentions and they will soon get the message. Be careful when you exit the temple as there are confusing signs pointing to exit gates which lead you through a maze of stalls. If you want to avoid the maze of handycraft stall, do not turn left and follow the nearest exit sign, just move straight forward to the exit located nearest to the entrance.
If you do intend to buy some souvenirs here then make sure your bargaining skills are at their best. Pedlars sell small statues that they claim are carved from lava stone, but most are cast coloured cement. Identifying genuine lava stone is easy enough as the stone is quite light for its size compared to the weightier concrete. Nonetheless, if a concrete Buddha head will suffice you should not pay more than Rp 20.000. Their first offer is around Rp 150.000. Just tell them, that you already bought for Rp 20.000 and they will give you this price. An authentic lava stone version carved by a skilled craftsman will cost, and be worth, considerably more.
Should you be in need of cash, there is a Bank Negara Indonesia (BNI) ATM close to the main park entrance.
Muntilan
Muntilan is a market town on the main route from Yogyakarta to Borobudur, and it has developed as a leading manufacturing centre of carved stone Borobudur replicas. If you are thinking of buying a stone Buddha, stupa or wall relief, this should be your port of call.
Muntilan is 13-14 km (8.5 mi) back towards Yogyakarta from Borobudur on the main road (Jalan Magelang). You cannot fail to find it.
Eat and drink
The bus station area is home to a multitude of hawker stalls selling standard Indonesian street food and all manner of drinks. Be aware that most close by 5PM.
Otherwise the only dining options are in hotels. Manohara Restaurant, inside the grounds of the hotel of the same name, serves up standard Indonesian fare while offering beautiful views of Borobudur. Mains from about Rp 25,000. Amanjiwo has truly spectacular food at even more spectacular prices.
Sleep
The vast majority of visitors stay in Yogyakarta and a few in Magelang. It is though well worth spending the night at Borobudur as this will give you a chance the following morning to get to the temples before the crowds arrive. Indeed, if you really want to explore and understand this magnificent monument, over-nighting in the immediate area is vital.
Budget
There are a few losmen (guesthouses) and basic hotels in the village of Borobudur just south of the park entrance. Owing to the site's popularity with tourists prices are, by Indonesian standards, somewhat inflated for what you get.
• Lotus Guest House, Jl Medang Kamulan 2 (on northern road near Borobudur), +62 293 788281. Popular with backpackers and offers the usual Indonesian budget set-up. About Rp 150,000-200,000.
• Pondok Tinggal, Jl Balaputradewa 32, Brojonalan (on the eastern road entry, between Borobudur and Candi Pawon), +62 293 788145 (), [8]. Good value option less than 1 km from the entrance to Borobudur. From Rp 200,000.
• Rajasa Hotel, Jl Badrawati No2, +62 293 788276. Only about 200 m from the main entrance. Very popular with Indonesian families and the walls are thin, so it can get noisy. Good service and good food for the price. From about Rp 300,000.
The northwestern view of Borobudur
Mid-range
• Manohara Hotel, Jl Badrawati, +62 293 788680 (), [9]. Formerly Taman Borobudur Guest House, this friendly resort-style hotel is located inside the Borobudur Park, run by the park authority, and is just 200 m from the temple entrance. The grounds are beautifully landscaped and the views are great, but the rooms are little more than functional with air conditioning, hot water and passable bathrooms. Still, a room booked here is only Rp 690,000, which is excellent value as the price includes breakfast and entry to Borobudur for two. Food is excellent. This is the best option for visitors wanting to overnight at Borobudur and gain entry the next morning before the masses arrive. You can also rent a bike here which will cost Rp 10,000/hr. From Rp 625,000.
• Ning Tidar Hotel, Jl Purworejo-Magelang KM 5, Magelang (about 6 km (3.7 mi) from Borobudur), +62 293 314316 (), [10]. In the middle of nowhere apart from a smoky internet cafe nearby, so it is not the most convenient location. However, it is a good option when the closer hotels are booked out, as they frequently are. It is a nice property for the price, and they can organise taxis to Borobudur. 24 hr restaurant service. From Rp 350,000.
• Saraswati Borobudur, Jl Balaputradewa 10, +62 293 788843 (), [11]. This is a beautiful hotel with views of Borobudur, a swimming pool, and the most gracious staff. The rooms are large with the full range of amenities. Room rates are often deeply discounted (up to 60%) so be sure to ask before you go. Breakfast is included in the rate as is transportation to Borobudur. The cost of a guide is an optional extra. Rooms from US$100.
Splurge
• Amanjiwo, (3 km (1.7 mi) from Borobudur on the temple's south side), +62 293 78833 (), [12]. Super luxury resort run by the Aman Group and offering all the facilities you would expect. Rated by some as one of the very best hotels in Asia, if not the world. If you can't afford to stay here, try to find the money to have lunch or dinner which are worth it for the awe-inspiring vista alone. From US$650.
• Rumah Boedi Private Residences Villa Borobudur, Tingal Wetan, Wanurejo (2 km from Borobudur area), +62 293 551 6000 (, fax: +62 274 788 698), [13]. checkin: 14:00; checkout: 12:00. Individual villas in a rural setting with view of Mt Merbabu and Mt Merapi. From USD 50.
• Plataran Borobudur (Plataran Borobudur Resort and Spa in Borobudur), Dusun Tanjungan, Borobudur, Magelang, Central Java 56553, Indonesia (1.5 km from Borobudur area (You can reach the temple area in less then 5 minutes)), +62 293 788 888 (, fax: +62 293 788 699), [14]. The resort offers an outstanding view of the Borobudur Temple, Mt Merapi, Menoreh Hill and surrounded by lush teak forests. Be amazed of an unforgettable experience of sunrise over Borobudur from a wooden deck, where you get the impression that wherever you go, the Borobudur Temple follows. From US$137.
Respect
Be nice to the locals. Seriously. There is a lot written in travel guides about the pushy nature of the vendors at Borobudur. And they can be a little annoying it must be said. But a few friendly no's and keeping on walking usually does the job.
Yogyakarta is a great seat of learning in Indonesia, and you will often find many students at Borobudur who are keen to be friendly with you. Take this how it is meant; they are genuinely friendly, and rightly very proud of their heritage and keen to talk to you about it. To avoid the largest crowds, skip weekends when large numbers of domestic tourists visit, along with the occasional school trip of students, sent by their teachers to practice their English on overseas visitors. Alternatively, visit as early as you can in the morning.
If you look vaguely Western, you'll be a bigger tourist attraction to school students than the monument itself. Expect to be filmed or audio recorded as students ask you all sorts of harmless questions and perhaps ask for a photo with you. They are highly appreciative of your interaction with them.
Be nice to the locals. Seriously. There is a lot written in travel guides about the pushy nature of the vendors at Borobudur. And they can be a little annoying it must be said. But a few friendly no's and keeping on walking usually does the job.
It happened about 10 years ago. The government seems worked hard on it. Now you don't find them anymore. There aren't pushy vendors at borobudur at the moment. Now it seems there is a invisible linie between vendors and tourist, they will (still) ask you to buy something from them, but they won't follow and push you anymore.
Get out
• The Hindu temples of Prambanan, about an hour away by car, make the perfect complement to Borobudur.
• The cultural splendour of Yogyakarta is about 90 minutes by bus.
• The Dieng Plateau is a volcanic area in the highlands of Central Java with the oldest standing temples in Indonesia, pre-dating Borobudur by some 100 years. About a 90 minute drive to the northwest.
• If you want to see a serious volcano, Mount Merapi is about a 2 hour drive to the east.
This is a star article. It is a high-quality article complete with maps, photos, and great information. If you know of something that has changed, please plunge forward and help it grow!
This article contains content from Wikipedia's Borobudur article. View that page's revision history for the list of authors.
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Portland (Oregon)
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The Willamette River runs by Downtown Portland
For other places with the same name, see Portland (disambiguation).
Portland, "The City of Roses", is the largest city in Oregon and the second largest city in the Pacific Northwest. It lies about 70 mi (124 km) from the Pacific Coast on the northern border of the state of Oregon, straddling the Willamette (pronounced will-LAM-et) River 12 mi (19 km) south of its confluence with the Columbia River. Vancouver, Washington (not to be confused with Vancouver, Canada) is on the other side of the Columbia River. About 50 mi (80 km) to the east lies majestic Mount Hood, which forms the perfect backdrop for Portland's skyline. The city is noted for its scenic beauty, a lively music scene, a large number of microbreweries, and its eco-friendly urban planning policies.
Understand
As the largest city between San Francisco and Seattle, Portland vies with those cities as the spiritual capital of the laid-back northern Pacific coast. However, it has retained the relaxed air of a smaller town while still growing rapidly. The city has a surprising amount of urban amenities for a city of its size, including an impressive music and arts scene and one of the largest collections of zine and independent publishers of any city in the nation, but the city hasn't developed to the point of being overwhelming. That said, in recent years Portland's growth has started to catch up with the city, with some of the worst traffic congestion in the west, a high cost of living relative to wages (though there's no sales tax), and chronic underemployment.
The city has a lovely blend of historic and modern architecture and many lush parks to poke your toes into; Forest Park and Washington Park in the hills west of Downtown offer a variety of plants, trails, and wildlife near the city. Vistas of Mt. Hood and the Willamette River, stately Douglas Fir trees, and roses and trees at every turn give the city stunning seasonal color. Environmentally friendly practices, such as recycling and an extensive public transportation system, are part of the culture here and fuel many progressive city planning practices, such as an urban growth boundary, which have made Portland a relatively compact city. Unlike most similar-sized metropolitan areas in the country, you can drive 15 mi (24 km) from downtown and be out in the countryside.
History
The first European contact in the area came from none other than Lewis and Clark, who sailed along the Columbia River just north of where Portland lies today in 1805; after a year of exploration they finally reached the Pacific Ocean just to the west. The reports from their expedition fueled interest in the area, and settlers came to stake their claim. Two of those settlers were William Overton and his friend Asa Lovejoy, a lawyer from Boston, who came across the spot where Portland now sits and jointly began to build a settlement. Later, Overton sold his share to F. W. Pettygrove, a man from Portland, Maine. As of this point, the area was being transformed from a small stopping point between Oregon City and Vancouver, WA to a formal settlement, and the owners now needed to give it a name. Both Lovejoy and Pettygrove wanted to name the new town after their respective hometowns; so in 1845 they decided to leave it up to a coin toss and Pettygrove won two times out of three.
In 1851, Portland was formally incorporated and was growing rapidly; its proximity to the rivers, which funneled a trade with San Francisco to the south, combined by the local fishing, lumber, and agriculture industries fueled Portland's early growth. The railroad arrived in the 1880s, and for a time Portland was the largest city on the west coast north of San Francisco; however the Klondike Gold Rush and the arrival of the railroad to Washington state meant Seattle quickly eclipsed Portland's growth.
Portland persisted as a booming railroad, lumber and steel town for several decades. During the 1970s, however, Portland began to gain a reputation for progressive urban planning practices, adopting policies such as an urban growth boundary and constructing new parks in a push to maintain the central neighborhoods as active places in light of suburban development. Through the 70s and into the 80s, Portland became a center for "counter-culture," growing into a hub for punk and indie rock music, zine publishing, and activist movements. The dot-com boom of the 90s brought an influx of modern tech companies along with the so-called "creative class", who remained even after the economic bubble burst. By this point, the city's progressive policies and politics had won the city a special status among urban designers, environmentalists, and political activists as a very forward-thinking city, which has only fueled further growth and development of the metropolitan area.
Climate
Climate Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Daily highs (°F) 45 50 56 61 68 73 80 79 74 64 52 46
Nightly lows (°F) 34 36 39 42 48 53 57 57 52 46 40 36
Precipitation (in) 5.4 4.1 3.7 2.5 2.0 1.6 0.5 0.9 1.6 3.1 5.5 6.5
Check Portland's 7 day forecast at NOAA
As in other places in the Pacific Northwest, there is abundant rainfall in the fall, winter, and spring. The rain is often a menacing drizzle or mist, meaning you'll often be wet; total precipitation in Seattle and Portland is technically less than many east coast and southeastern cities because there are fewer downpours, instead the rain opts for a near constant drizzle. A sunny day in the rainy season can seem to be very rare, and Portlanders have the unusual habit of wearing shorts and flip-flops the minute the sun comes out, even if the temperature is barely above freezing. Portland has very little snow, instead the winters are very rainy. Bring or buy an umbrella if you're in Portland between October and June. There is a myth that a large portion of "Portlanders" don't use, or even believe in, umbrellas, instead preferring hoods and raincoats.
It's worth mentioning that there are really only two seasons in the Portland area - rain and summer. The rain and clouds typically last 9 months, from late September often until late June, then suddenly the clouds clear and it is hot and sunny. There is not really a gradual increase in temperatures, it's basically either 48°F (9°C) degrees and raining, or 85°F (29°C) and sunny. Prospective visitors who don't care for rain should be aware that Portland summers, although short, are quite pleasant - July through September have only a 10% chance of rain on any given day, temperatures rarely exceed 85°F (29°C) degrees or so, and local produce (including fresh sweet cherries and some of the world's best berries) is available at farmers' markets and fruit stands in and around the city. July and August are typically the hottest months, temperatures occasionally hit 100°F (38°C) or more.
Tourist information
• Portland Visitor Information and Services Center, 701 SW Sixth Ave (at Morrison), +1 503 275-8355 (toll free: +1 877 678-5263), [1]. M-F 8:30AM-5:30PM, Sa 10AM-4PM.
Get in
By plane
Portland International Airport (IATA: PDX) [2] is located 9 mi (15 km) northeast of downtown on the Columbia River. (This is also a dual-use air force base, which can cause confusion on some maps.) Most major airlines serve Portland from nearly all major airports in the United States. Non-stop air service is also available from Vancouver, BC, and Toronto, ON, Canada; Tokyo, Japan; and Amsterdam. Daily direct service is also available to Pusan, Korea. The airport also has free wi-fi.
A taxi from the airport to downtown is around $30. The MAX light rail red line, which has a stop inside the terminal, near the baggage claim area, will cost $2.40 and take you downtown in about 30 minutes. That same $2.40 will transfer you to any of the buses to get you to your final destination.
If you're renting a car, the best way to get to downtown Portland from the airport is to take I-205 south to I-84 west, then follow the signs to the City Center at I-84's terminus and interchange with I-5. This will take you over the Morrison Bridge into downtown. When returning a rental car to the airport, follow the signs to stay in the left lane. However, it is very easy to make the mistake of exiting too soon at the control tower/shuttle bus exit. You need to curve to the right (with the rest of the highway) and not go straight. Even in light traffic, it is dangerous and illegal to immediately turn around.
Important Note Concerning Rental Car Returns: If you need to fill up your rental car's gas tank before returning it, be advised there are no gas stations in the commercial area between the airport and Interstate 205 (Cascade Station). If you are heading north on 205, take the Sandy/Killingsworth (Exit 23-A) exit for the closest and most accessible gas stations to the airport.
By train
Union Station; "Go By Train"
Amtrak [3] provides service from Union Station, 800 NW Sixth Avenue (north of downtown), about a 15-min walk from Pioneer Square. The transit mall ends at Union Station, so local TriMet buses and the MAX green and yellow lines run by Union Station very frequently.
The Amtrak Cascades [4] service runs two trains per day between Portland and Eugene to the south and four trains between Portland and Seattle to the north, with one of those going further north to Vancouver, BC. These trains are more reliable schedule-wise than the long distance trains and offer certain amenities not available on regular Amtrak trains, such as more space for bikes, more laptop outlets, a "Bistro Car" which serves local foods and wine, and the occasional movie.
For long distance service, Portland is served daily by the Coast Starlight, running the length of the West Coast (Seattle-Portland-San Francisco Bay Area-Los Angeles). The Starlight has earned the nickname the "Starlate", since it is usually delayed for hours running north from California. The Empire Builder (Portland-Spokane-Glacier Nat'l Park-Minneapolis/St Paul-Milwaukee-Chicago) also provides daily service eastward, and tends not to be as delayed as the Starlight.
By car
From Washington to the north and California as well as most of the rest of Oregon to the south, the easiest way to get to Portland is on Interstate 5. You can enter the south part of downtown from I-5 before it goes over the Willamette River, or you can take I-405 which runs directly through downtown Portland with a number of exits.
From Boise and other points east, Interstate 84 leads along the Columbia into Portland. From the Oregon Coast Highway and other points along the Pacific coast to the west, the easiest approach is U.S. 26. It cuts east towards Portland between Cannon Beach and Seaside.
As with all of Oregon, there are no self-serve gas stations in Portland; an attendant will do the pumping for you.
By bus
Greyhound [5] provides bus service along the West coast as well as from points inland. The depot is located at 550 NW 6th Avenue, across the street from Union Station.
BoltBus, [6]. Service from Seattle, WA and Vancouver, BC. Bus stop is at 647 SW Salmon St. Fares $1-20.
By boat
No useful boat lines exist, although you can take cruises up and down the Willamette River.
Get around
Basic road map of Portland; click to enlarge
Downtown Portland map
Portland is an easy city to bike, walk or use public transport. However there are topographical features that affect how streets and roads flow, so planning and maps are important for any journey of more than a few blocks. The verdant West Hills slope up from downtown and divide it from the suburbs of Beaverton, Hillsboro and others.
Much of Portland is a grid, and fairly easy to navigate. Portland is divided into five sectors, sometimes referred to oxymoronically as the "five quadrants". These quadrants are roughly divided by Burnside Street between north/south and the Willamette River between east/west, with a fifth sector (North) between the Willamette River and Williams Avenue. If you hear Portlanders talking about Southwest or Northeast, they're probably talking about a sector of the town rather than Arizona or Massachusetts.
• SW - South of Burnside and west of the Willamette River, this sector includes the downtown core.
• SE - South of Burnside and east of the Willamette River.
• NE - North of Burnside and east of Williams Avenue.
• N - North of Burnside, east of the Willamette River and west of Williams Avenue.
• NW - North of Burnside and west of the Willamette River, this sector is immediately north of downtown and includes the Pearl District, Old Town, and the Northwest district.
All Portland addresses contain their designating sector inserted between house number and street name (i.e. 3719 SE Hawthorne Blvd.) The house address numbers increase 100 per block starting from Burnside Street or the Willamette River. This should make it easier to figure out where things are. In general, East/West streets are named while North/South avenues are numbered. An exception is North Portland where North/South avenues are also named. On the West side, some streets and arterial roads follow a North/South grid, others follow the topography and curve a great deal. There are major arterials that cross town in NE/SW or NW/SE orientation including Sandy Boulevard, and Foster Road on the East side, and Barbur Blvd on the SW. The streets of inner Northwest Portland are arranged alphabetically starting with Burnside, followed by Couch, then Davis, etc. through NW Vaughn Street making directions easy to follow here.
Driving around downtown is not recommended: inconvenient, expensive and hard-to-find parking combined with active parking meter enforcement (8AM-7PM) and non-intuitive street closures, transit malls and restrictions make it frustrating--even for locals. Within downtown, MAX and the streetcar are free. Most people can walk from one end of downtown to the other in 15 min—-faster than driving at times.
Be aware that most of the the city (and everything near downtown) is along the northerly flowing Willamette River, and not the much larger Columbia which flows west. However, the airport and Portland's northern neighbor, Vancouver, Washington is next to the Columbia. If you confuse the two rivers, you can easily mix up your bearings. As the Willamette River can be hard to spot on a map of Oregon, many newcomers mistakenly think Portland is along the nearby Columbia.
On foot
Portland is a great city for walking. Many intersections are designed with pedestrians in mind, and Portland has a lot of street life. Good mass transit also makes walking more feasible in Portland. The City of Portland Office of Transportation offers free, highly detailed walking maps [7] that may be ordered online. For a scenic walk, the Eastside Esplanade [8] along the Willamette River across from downtown offers lovely views of the skyline. Parts of the esplanade actually float on the water.
By bike
Portland is an excellent city for cycling, with a network of streets designed to be predominantly used by bicyclists. These streets, such as SE Ankeny, SE Salmon, SE Lincoln, and SE Clinton, are usually spaced about halfway between the main car thoroughfares in the grid of East Portland. The bike streets are generally signed with green "Bike Route" signs. Additionally, many major streets have striped bike lanes. Maps of bike trails can be obtained from Metro [9], in the Bike There! section. Bikes can also be taken on all buses and MAX lines. The City of Portland Office of Transportation has a bicycle rental webpage [10].
By public transit
MAX Light Rail train
TriMet [11] maintains bus, streetcar, and MAX light rail throughout the Portland area. There are four MAX Light Rail lines:
• The Blue Line, which runs from Hillsboro east through Beaverton and downtown to Gresham.
• The Red Line, which runs from the Portland International Airport to downtown and west on to Beaverton.
• The Yellow Line, which runs from the Expo Center south to downtown and the Portland State University.
• The Green Line, which runs from Clackamas Town Center north and west to downtown and the Portland State University.
All of the lines go through the city's downtown, with the red and blue lines going in a east-west direction and overlapping on Morrison/Yamhill Streets, while the yellow and green lines go in a north-south direction and overlap on the Portland Transit Mall, along 5th/6th Avenues. The light rail lines run every 15 minutes for most of the day, with service every 30 minutes in the wee hours of the night. There is also a vintage trolley service on Sundays along 5th/6th Avenues on the yellow/green lines in downtown which is free to use and has conductors narrating on historic points of interest along the way.
In addition, TriMet maintains the Portland Streetcar line [12], which runs through the downtown area along 10th and 11th Avenues every 13-20 minutes, connecting the Northwest Portland, Pearl District, Downtown, Riverplace, and South Waterfront neighborhoods, plus Portland State University.
Most of downtown is covered by the Free Rail Zone, where rides on the MAX and Portland Streetcar are free as long as you board and leave within the zone. The MAX fareless ride extends across the river to the Rose Quarter and the Lloyd Center stations and west to 10th Avenue. The Streetcar fareless zone extends north to Glisan Street and south to the River Pkwy & Moody stop.
Fares will depend on how much you travel, but a two hour ticket that covers all fare zones costs $2.35, and all-day tickets are $4.75. You can purchase a ticket at any MAX station. Bus tickets are purchasable on board for $2.05 or $2.35, depending on the number of zones, exact change in cash only. Keep the ticket to show to fare inspectors, and as a transfer to other lines. An extensive system map is available for a small cost from the TriMet store in Pioneer Square.
Crime on the TriMet system is extremely rare. Cell phone chatter (it is illegal in Oregon to use a cell phone while driving), however, is a problem.
See
Portlandia
• Museum of Contemporary Craft, 724 NW Davis St, +1 503 223-2654, [13]. Tu-Sa 11AM-6PM; First Thursday of every month 11AM-8PM. $4 adults, $3 students/seniors, free on First Thursdays.
• Oregon Historical Society, 1200 SW Park Ave (across from the Portland Art Museum), +1 503 306-5198, [14]. Tu-Sa 10AM-5PM, Su noon-5PM. $11 adults, $9 students/seniors, $5 youth.
• Oregon Museum of Science and Industry (OMSI), 1945 SE Water Ave, +1 503 797-6674, [15]. Summer: 9:30AM-7PM daily; Winter: Tu-Su 9:30AM-5:30PM. OMSI is great for kids, with hundreds of hands-on activities with a particular emphasis on technology and earth sciences; you can spend a full rainy day here and not get bored. Moored in the river just outside is the USS Blueback, an old navy submarine which is open for tours (separate ticket required). There's also a planetarium and an IMAX theater which requires separate admission, but you can view the IMAX projector in operation without paying for the movie ticket. $12 adults, $9 youth/seniors (parking $2/car, IMAX theater, planetarium, and submarine tickets require separate admission).
• Pittock Mansion, 3229 NW Pittock Drive (Bus 20 from Downtown to NW Barnes, followed by a 15 min moderate climb), +1 503 823-3623, [16]. Feb-Jun, Sep-Dec 11AM-4PM; Jul-Aug 10AM-4PM; garden open until 9PM. A stunning Victorian mansion in the hills of west Portland, dating back nearly a century now and preserved just as it looked then. The mansion also contains beautiful artworks and furniture collected by the original owners. $8 adults; $7 seniors above 65; $5 youth 6-18; free for children below 6.
• Portland Aerial Tram, at SW Moody and Gibbs (in South Waterfront, at the southern end of the streetcar line), [17]. Trams depart every 6 minutes M-F 5:30AM-9:30PM, Sa 9AM-5PM, Su June-Sep. 1PM-5PM. An aerial tram which connects the South Waterfront neighborhood to the Oregon Health Sciences University campus on a hill to the west. The tram is sleek and offers an excellent view of Downtown and the surrounding area, with splendid views of the mountains on a clear day. Roundtrip $4, children 6 and under free.
• Portland Art Museum, 1219 SW Park Ave, +1 503 226-2811, [18]. Su noon-5PM, M closed, Tu-W, Sa 10AM-5PM, Th-F 10AM-8PM. Has several outstanding collections and is regularly updated by moving exhibits. $15 adults, $12 seniors/students, children 17 and under free; free on the 4th Friday of every month 5-8PM.
• Portland Underground, 120 NW 3rd Ave (at junction with Couch, Skidmore Fountain MAX stop), +1 503 622-4798 (), [19]. The Portland Underground Tour is accessible by tours run by the Cascade Geographic Society on select dates, and explores a section of the Portland Underground, a series of tunnels that links the basements of bars and hotels in the Old Town. The tours focus on the Shanghai'ing history of the tunnels, where kidnappers sold their victims to work on boats leaving port. Tours range from the historical to the paranormal. $13-26 depending on tour; $8-17 children under 12.
• Portlandia, 1120 SW 5th Ave (W side of Portland Building), [20]. Looming over the west entrance of the Portland Building is the second-largest hammered-copper statue in the U.S. (after the Statue of Liberty); a classical sculpture of a woman bearing a trident, crouching over the entryway and reaching down to welcome visitors. For its sheer size, it's surprisingly easy to miss - keep your eyes peeled for the postmodern building painted in red, blue, and tan.
• Sapporo Bell, 777 N.E. Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd. (at the entrance to the Oregon Convention Center). Sapporo, Japan -- Portland’s Sister City -- gave this huge friendship bell to Portland.
Neighborhoods
Pioneer Courthouse, Downtown
Portland has many unique and interesting neighborhoods to explore; these are but just the most notable ones:
• Downtown Portland is the heart of the city, centered around Pioneer Square and home to modern commercial towers, new condominiums, and converted lofts, along with several museums and urban parks of interest to tourists, including Tom McCall Waterfront Park along the river. To the immediate south of Downtown is the campus of Portland State University and South Waterfront, an urban revitalization area at the southern end of the streetcar line with newly built glass residential towers.
• Just to the north of Downtown is Old Town, which is where Portland was first settled and which has some historic buildings and is a nightlife center, but also contains a fair amount of social services for homeless and mentally ill. The neighborhood also holds the remnants of Chinatown which, despite a lovely archway entry at Burnside and 4th Avenue and some Chinese-inspired street decorations, is rather desolate and may prove a disappointment for visitors expecting the bustle of San Francisco's or New York City's Chinatown.
• Just to the northwest of Downtown is the Pearl District, a very hip and trendy neighborhood on the streetcar line which was not long ago derelict warehouses and empty industrial space. The economic success of the Pearl has made it a frequently cited urban planning model, and it is an excellent place to hang out and people watch, eat in fine restaurants, and visit the famous Powell's Bookstore. Perhaps the best spot to people watch is Jamison Square, a city park at the heart of the Pearl that includes a popular fountain which fills a pool during the summer months that's popular with little kids. For a slightly more quiet retreat, Tanner Springs Park is just a couple of blocks north and built to resemble a piece of reclaimed wetland, with tall grasses and a nice pond. On the First Thursday of every month, all art galleries in the Pearl district open their doors for casual viewing, and many serve wine and cheese.
• To the north of the Pearl, at the northern end of the streetcar line is the Northwest District, also known as Nob Hill and also on the trendy side and with a variety of retail shops, bars, and restaurants along with plenty of lovely Victorians and tree-lined streets. West of this is the West Hills, where the well-to-do of Portland have traditionally lived. Because of the geography, the streets in the West Hills are a bit of a maze, but they still make for an interesting trek; you'll find lavish mansions, ornate public staircases, and good views of Downtown.
• Hawthorne Blvd, which runs east-west across the river from Downtown, has a broad selection of shops including a branch of Powell's Bookstore and the ornate Bagdad Theater Pub, and is a center of the counter-culture/bohemian community which is dissipating to make way for a variety of upscale businesses.
Hollywood Theater
• Located along Sandy Blvd northeast of downtown, Hollywood is a commercial district for the nearby neighborhoods and home to the Hollywood Theater, an ornate theater which shows a lot of independent films. There is also a popular Saturday farmers market during the warm months.
• To the north of downtown between MLK Blvd and 30th Avenue, Alberta Street has much the same feel as Hawthorne Blvd; a counter-culture/bohemian community that's becoming popular with yuppies. Alberta is home to Last Thursday, said by many locals to be the alternative to First Thursday in the Pearl District and also featuring wine tasting and gallery openings, along with street vending and performance artists.
Parks and gardens
• Crystal Springs Rhododendron Garden, SE 28th Ave & Woodstock Blvd, +1 503 771-8386, [21]. Summer: 6AM-10PM daily, Winter: 6AM-6PM daily. A display and test garden was initiated in 1950 that includes more than 2,500 rhododendrons, azaleas, and companion plants. Beginning in early spring and continuing into summer, the gardens provide a magnificent display of color, giving visitors the opportunity to view many varieties rarely seen in the Pacific Northwest. During the fall, many companion trees add dramatic coloring. Spring-fed Crystal Springs Lake surrounds much of the garden, attracting many species of birds and waterfowl. $3 in the summer months (free for children under 12); free for all in the winter.
• Forest Park, [22]. Located on the hills northwest of Downtown, Forest Park is one of the nation's largest urban parks at 5,000 acres. There are many great hiking and biking trails to be found winding through this natural forest setting. Free.
St. Francis of Assisi statue at The Grotto
• The Grotto Gardens, 8840 NE Skidmore St, +1 503 254-7371, [23]. M-F 9AM-8:30PM, Sa-Su 9AM-8:30PM. A tranquil and spiritual sanctuary which hosts reflection ponds, secluded gardens, and shrines on the top of a basalt cliff. The best time to visit is during the holiday season when the grotto is illuminated with lights. The Grotto also makes for a very romantic destination for a special night out. Free.
• Lan Su Chinese Garden (formerly the Portland Classical Chinese Garden), NW 3rd & Everett (in Old Town/Chinatown), +1 503 228-8131, [24]. Summer: 10AM-6PM daily, Winter: 10AM-5PM daily. A beautiful urban retreat in the heart of Chinatown with a pond, a teahouse, pavilions, and lots of gardens. If you are on a budget, you can peek in through the ornate open windows and see much of the gardens without paying admission. $8.50 adults, $7.50 seniors, $6.50 students, children 5 and under free. (45.52565,-122.67299)
• Laurelhurst Park, SE 39th Ave & Stark St, [25]. 5AM-10:30PM daily. A beautiful park designed by a horticultural expert from the same team that designed New York City's Central Park. This park has a great atmosphere in good weather, with lots of locals and visitors enjoying the duck pond, the bike paths, and the off-leash dog area. Free.
• Mill Ends Park, SW Naito Pkwy & SW Taylor. The "smallest park in the world", a title backed up by the Guinness Book of Records, Mill Ends was originally created satirically for the purpose of being "a leprechaun colony and racetrack for snails." It is located in the median of SW Naito, and consists of nothing more than a single small tree in the crosswalk on the north side of the intersection.
• Mount Tabor Park, SE 60th & Salmon St, [26]. 5AM-midnight. At the eastern end of the Hawthorne District, Mt Tabor is a forested park situated atop an extinct volcanic butte with great views of the city. The park contains a couple of reservoirs and lots of winding trails, and is also the home of the popular PDX Soapbox Derby event (see below under Do).
• Pioneer Courthouse Square, SW Broadway and Yamhill, +1 503 223-1613, [27]. This is the central courtyard of downtown Portland, a big gathering spot that's popular with tourists and locals alike. Notable features of the park are a cascading waterfall fountain, chess boards, and the Weather Machine, a machine that predicts the weather every day at noon. Many other sculptures and art elements surround the square, including Kvinneakt, the bronze statue of a nude woman that's otherwise known as the "Expose Yourself to Art" statue after a popular poster featuring a flasher (former Mayor Bud Clark) facing this work. Free.
• Tom McCall Waterfront Park, Naito Pkwy (Between the Steel and Marquam bridges). This wide expanse of green lawns along the downtown Portland waterfront is a scenic slice of park land, with views over the Willamette River and of the skyline. At one point, this narrow stretch of land was a four-lane freeway, but growing environmental awareness led to the city replacing the freeway with this park. Along the waterfront there are a number of fountains, memorials, and gardens, including the Salmon Street Springs, a large fountain at the Salmon Street entrance that's popular with kids during the summer; the Battleship Oregon Memorial, the old mast of the USS Oregon battleship between Oak and Pine Streets; and the Japanese American Memorial Garden at the north end of the park has monuments telling the story of people of Japanese descent in the US, including the WWII internment camps. The park is also home to many festivals throughout the year, including the Waterfront Blues Fest and the carnival-like Rose Festival. Free.
• Oregon Maritime Center and Museum, SW Naito Pkwy at Pine St (on the Willamette River), +1 503 224-7724, [28]. W-Sa 11AM-4PM, Su 12:30-4:30PM. Located on the Portland, a steam sternwheeler tug boat moored in the river, the museum contains numerous ship models, maritime artifacts and memorabilia, while tours are offered of the ship itself. $5 adults, $4 seniors, $3 youth, children under 6/military free.
• Saturday Market, SW 1st Ave (under the Burnside Bridge), [29]. Sa 10AM-5PM, Su 11AM-4:30PM, 1st weekend in Mar-24 Dec. This market and craft fair, where everything sold is handmade, is the largest open-air crafts market in continuous operation in the U.S.
Washington Park
SW Park Pl (directly west of downtown), +1 503 823-PLAY, [30]. Daily sunrise-sunset. Free (some enclosed attractions have separate ticketing).
Washington Park is a classic urban park, sprawling over about 140 acres and with a whole bunch of trails that take you between the strands of trees, around the hills and through the canyons - a park so large it can be easy to get lost without a map. In addition to the many attractions listed below, it also contains memorials for the Korean and Vietnam Wars, the Holocaust, and the Lewis and Clark expedition, and has beautiful vistas of Portland and Mount Hood. The MAX red and blue lines can take you to the park; the station is located at the south end of the park, outside the World Forestry Center and the Oregon Zoo entrance.
Rose, International Rose Test Gardens
• Hoyt Arboretum, 4000 SW Fairview Blvd (on the western side of the park), +1 503 865-8733, [31]. 6AM-10PM daily; Visitor Center M-F 9AM-4PM, Sa 9AM-3PM. A large arboretum with paved trails of varying lengths and over 1,000 species of trees and plants in a natural setting. Free.
• International Rose Test Gardens, 850 SW Rose Garden Way (10 min on Washington Park Shuttle from Washington Park MAX), +1 503 823-7529, [32]. 7:30AM-9PM daily. The largest rose test garden in U.S., perched on a hill overlooking Downtown and with thousands of roses planted in every possible way: rows, bushes and vines. Best to come between May and July, when it gets fragrant as everything's in bloom. There are free guided tours by volunteer gardeners at 1PM during the summer months. Free.
• Oregon Zoo, 4001 SW Canyon Rd (on the southern side of the park), +1 503 226-1561, [33]. Winter 9AM-4PM daily, Summer 8AM-6PM daily. A good-sized zoo with Pacific Northwest animals, a primate house, and an Africa area, as well as a large Asian Elephant exhibit and breeding area, which is noteworthy among zoos. $10.50 adults, $9 seniors, $7.50 children (parking $2/car, discount for MAX users).
• Portland Children's Museum, 4015 SW Canyon Road (on the southern side of the park), +1 503 223-6500, [34]. 9AM-5PM daily. $9 general, $8 seniors, free for children under age one (parking $2/car).
• Portland Japanese Garden, 611 SW Kingston Dr (across from the Rose Test Gardens), +1 503 223-1321, [35]. Winter Tu-Su 10AM-4PM, M noon-4PM; Summer Tu-Su 10AM-7PM, M noon-7PM. A haven of tranquil beauty which has been proclaimed as one of the most authentic Japanese gardens outside of Japan. $9.50 adults, $7.75 seniors/students, $6.75 youth, child 5 and under free.
• World Forestry Center Discovery Museum, 4033 SW Canyon Road (on the southern side of the park), +1 503 228-1367, [36]. 10AM-5PM daily. Built like a giant log cabin, this museum is devoted to the science and cultural impact of Pacific Northwest forests. $8 adults, $7 seniors, $5 children, children 2 and under free.
Do
Godzilla soapbox car at the annual PDX Soapbox Derby
• PDX Soapbox Derby, Mt. Tabor Park, [37]. A popular event which takes place annually in mid-August and is great for spectators. Some soapbox cars strive for speed and slick design while others are incredibly imaginative and hilarious creations. Bring a picnic lunch and enjoy watching the races.
• Portland Rose Festival, [38]. This award-winning festival, held in early June, is Portland's largest event. The Portland waterfront is turned into a carnival for a couple of weeks, starting with Fleet Week as military ships moor alongside Waterfront Park and culminating with a bunch of festivities on the second weekend, including the centerpiece of the festival, the Grand Floral Parade held on the last Saturday. Other events include flower shows, other parades, fireworks, and dragon boat races.
• Portland Timbers, JELD-WEN Field (1844 SW Morrison), +1 503 553-5400, [39]. Portland's new Major League Soccer team, the Timbers play at JELD-WEN Field [40] (formerly PGE Park) and are known for their strong local support. After the game, hit the Bitter End Pub across the street from the stadium; it's a popular place to unwind for sports fans.
• Portland Trail Blazers, Rose Garden Arena (1 Center Court), +1 503 234-9291, [41]. An NBA basketball team which plays at the Rose Garden Arena. They are well known for having one of the most loyal crowds in all of sports, so make sure to get tickets before the game as it is very rare to have a game that is not sold out.
• Springwater Corridor, [42] A 21-mile multi-use trail extending from SE Portland to the town of Boring, Oregon. It is designed to accommodate hikers, bikers, wheelchairs and horses.
Music
Portland has a pretty good music scene throughout town, with venues holding everything from huge national acts to small underground music groups. Many local pubs and bars offer great local bands on weekends, and the city is developing a national notoriety as the nation's "indie rock capital", with many high (and low) profile independent rock music acts calling the city home. Despite its reputation for all that is hip, Portland maintains a fairly diverse range of live music options. Check out one of the two weekly alternative newspapers for comprehensive music listings; the Portland Mercury and the Willamette Week.
• The 2410, 2410 N Mississippi Ave. A warehouse that has been converted to a semi-legit club that draws the biggest names in electronic music to Portland. Starting in recent years as a spot for "underground" raves, the spot has evolved and now hosts a variety of 16+, 18+, and 21+ events. The crowd is usually diverse, with 16-year-old ravers with pupils like saucers, aging wallflowers, and neo-hippies all in attendance. Check flyers at record stores for information on upcoming events.
• Doug Fir Lounge, 830 E Burnside St, +1 503 231-9663, [43]. Doug Fir Lounge is Portland's slickest, upscale music venue featuring live shows almost every night of the week in the basement, a restaurant on street level and a bar in both. A decidedly hip variety of traveling and local music.
• Aladdin Theater, 3017 SE Milwaukee Ave, +1 503 234-9694, [44]. A great venue revamped from an old theater hall that offers shows almost nightly, featuring local favorites as well as Northwest and National acts. Food and alcohol available.
• Wonder Ballroom, 128 NE Russell St, +1 503 284-8686, [45]. A large ballroom with cash bar featuring many of Portland's favorite music artists and national touring acts.
• Roseland Theater, 8 NW 6th Ave, (at Burnside), +1 503 224-2038, [46]. Roseland Theater is a great place to go see a rock show or catch a hip hop concert. It is a good size venue but still gives you that crowded rock show feel. This venue is very fun to watch a show because the crowd always gets really into the music. It gets very crowded in some parts of the theater. This theater is standing room only. However there are seats in the upstairs to view the show from there.
• Crystal Ballroom, 1332 W Burnside St, +1 503 225-0047, [47]. Crystal Ballroom often referred to as "The Crystal" is one of the nicest venues in town. The Ballroom is great size and has great art and period light fixtures. This is a clean, well maintained venue. The Crystal has a bar inside with upstairs balcony seating for 21+. The main floor is standing room only which makes the show much more intense. The floor gives under the weight of the crowd and can "bounce" if the crowd decides to jump in unison (to bring on an encore, for example). According the Crystal's website, at the time of its construction, the Crystal's mechanical dance floor (now fully restored to proper working order) was said to be unique on the Pacific Coast. Today, it may be the only one left in the United States.
• Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall, 1037 SW Broadway, +1 503 248-4335, [48]. Home to the Oregon Symphony and the Metropolitan Youth Symphony. Contains very immaculate Italian architecture in the hall. The concert hall seats 2,776 people and hosts lectures, symphonies, comedians and big name musical acts.
• Jimmy Mak's Jazz, 221 NW 10th Ave (between Davis and Everett), +1 503 295-6542, [49]. Portland's unofficial home for live Jazz music.
• Dante's, 350 West Burnside (at 3rd Ave), +1 503 226-6630, [50]. Home of the weird, bizarre, and devilish live music and shows.
• Rose Quarter, One Center Court, +1 503 797-9619, [51]. The Rose Quarter hosts the Rose Garden and The Memorial Coliseum which are two major arenas. Hosting large, international level touring artists. The Rose Garden is home to the NBA's Portland Trail Blazers. Ticket Prices are usually higher for Rose Quarter Events.
Work
"We want you to visit our State of Excitement often. Come again and again. But for heaven's sake, don't move here to live. Or if you do have to move in to live, don't tell any of your neighbors where you are going." -Former Governor Tom McCall, in a 1971 speech.
Since then, the Governor's request has been widely repeated by people who ignore it, then quote it. In recent years, Portland has been one of the hardest cities in which to find work. The official unemployment rate in the city went over 14% in March 2009. Underemployment is a rampant problem, and wages tend to be artificially low compared to the cost of living. These forces combine to make Portland a tough job market to navigate.
Learn
Reed College[52]. Portland is home to Reed College, a small liberal arts college with a beautiful campus. The college frequently hosts educational events and lectures. The campus is worth checking out if not only for the nuclear reactor that is located there.
Oregon Health and Science University[53]. Arguably the most prestigious research institution and hospital in Oregon, the site looks like a fortress from a distance. For fun, you can take the cable car from downtown. The institution is the largest employer in Oregon.
Buy
As in the rest of Oregon, there is no sales tax in Portland; the price you see on the tag is the price you pay. Portland is, by far, the largest metro area in the U.S. without a sales tax. (This does not apply to Vancouver, which is part of the metro area, but is in Washington State. A tax of 8.2% applies there.)
Certain Stores
Powell's City of Books
• Powell's City of Books, 1005 W Burnside St, +1 503 228-4651, [54]. 9AM-11PM daily. Powell's is a landmark in Portland, and most residents are proud to let you know that this is the biggest independent new and used bookstore in the entire world. Covering an entire city block, the store stocks over a million books in 3500 sections. And that's not counting the 5 other branches in Portland (Technical Books in the North Park Blocks, Portland Airport, Hawthorne--including the Home and Garden bookstore, and Cedar Hills Crossing in Beaverton)! The store can be imposing (get a map from the front desk), but it's a don't-miss for even the most casual reader.
• Columbia Sportswear Company, 911 SW Broadway (or 1323 SE Tacoma St.'s outlet store), [55]. Columbia produces outdoor sports wear with an emphasis on cold and rainy weather clothing. You may need some sort of rain protection if visiting during the fall, winter or spring. Portlanders look upon umbrellas with mild disdain.
• Compound, 107 NW 5th Ave, [56]. In the Old Town district, this Asian inspired version of Urban Outfitters is truly a funky place to get some t-shirts, bags, sneakers, comic books, vinyl toys, artwork, and more. Friendly staff. Upstairs is an amazing free gallery, with works available for purchase from cutting edge artists. Prints available too since the originals are quite pricey.
• Upper Playground, 23 NW 5th Ave, [57]. Across the street from Compound, this streetwear brand has a store and gallery located in Old Town. Known for their iconic walrus symbol, they often have some more "hip" local and Portland-themed goods that make good souvenirs. A good place to grab music flyers as well as check out some amazing contemporary urban artists.
• Popina Swimwear, 318 NW 11th Ave, [58]. Retro Swimwear brand Popina is located on the Portland Streetcar line in the Pearl District. Popina offers the Popina Swimwear Brand which is designed by Pamela Levenson and made in Oregon. Popina is known for Retro or Vintage Inspired Swimwear akin to the styles of Jantzen Swimwear which put Portland on the map as a swimwear powerhouse in the 1920's. Popina is one of 25 swimwear brands sold in the boutique.
Shopping Districts
• Washington Square, in the suburb of Tigard south of Portland. The largest shopping mall in the state of Oregon, with just about everything you would expect to find.
• Sellwood. Specializing in antique and vintage furnishings.
• NW 23rd, north of Burnside. Part of the Northwest/Nob Hill District and one of the most densely populated shopping districts, with some funky and eclectic shops.
• Hawthorne District, east side of the Willamette River. A popular shopping area, particularly the section between 34th and 39th Ave. Includes head shops, vintage clothing, used books and magazines, local clothing designers and craft stores.
• Lloyd Center. A large mall just northeast of downtown near the Convention Center with dozens of stores to visit.
• Clackamas Town Center, off of I-205 exit 14, [59]. Great shopping facilities; smaller than Lloyd Center, but just as much to see. Accessible by MAX green line.
• Pioneer Place, located downtown on SW 5th & Yamhill. Similar to Lloyd Center, though more upscale.
• Just about any street in Downtown Portland has some neat shops, particularly around Pioneer Square and Broadway.
• Pearl District. Just meandering through the neighborhood, you're sure to come across many boutiques, gift shops, and furniture stores. The areas around Jamison Square and the intersection of Lovejoy Street and 10th Avenue have the highest concentration of these fabulous shops.
Eat
Budget
• The downtown core is home to a small army of Food Carts [60]. With less overhead than the traditional indoor restaurant, you can pick up a delicious meal on the cheap and choose from a variety of foods including Indian, Mexican, pastries, and hot dogs.
• Burgerville, 1135 NE Martin Luther King Blvd (multiple locations around the Portland area), [61]. The NW's own fast food chain with a decidedly NW flavor promoting organic, fresh and seasonal ingredients. Great burgers and traditional fast food fare. Amazing seasonal items including sweet potato fries, asparagus, strawberries, blackberries, onion rings and more.
• Cha! Cha! Cha!, several Portland locations. Good quality Mexican food at a middling price.
• The Delta, 46th & SE Woodstock St. Southern food (chicken fried steak, jambalaya, grits, etc.) on the cheap. The food is excellent and in large portions.
• Cheesesteaks & Burgers* Pioneer Courthouse Square, 701 SW Sixth Ave. Delicious Philly cheese steaks and burgers, as well as tastey home-brewed pickled eggs.
• Detour Cafe, 3035 SE Division St. [62]. Fresh and mostly organic fare in a cozy setting.
• Dockside Saloon and Restaurant, 2047 NW Front, probably the best classic breakfast in Portland: perfect eggs to order, great bacon and world class golden hash browns. Pleasant waitresses, good coffee and excellent value.
• Equinox, 830 N Shaver St (at Mississippi St), [63]. Excellent variety of egg scrambles, vegetarian fare.
• EuroTrash, 4262 SE Belmont, Just north of Belmont station. Mediterranean food with a sloppy American twist - Cute pink black and teal cart, fantastic for lunch and dinner. in the Good Food Here food cart lot.
• Fat City Cafe, Multnomah Village. Local favorite, serves excellent breakfasts. The french toast is recommended.
• Golden Dragon, SW 3rd at Stark (above Cameron's Books). Pretty good food for a cheap, dive-y Chinese Buffet. The decor is well-worn, but it still has a lot of classic Chinese kitsch character. Pick a window seat so you can enjoy the people watching while you eat.
• Grand Central Bakery, 5 locations: Sellwood, Multnomah Village, on Fremont in Mississippi district, Hawthorne at 22nd, and on NE Weidler at 15th (Irvington district), [64]. Artisan breads, pastries, soups, sandwiches and salads.
• Gravy, 3957 N Mississippi Ave. Great egg scrambles and other hearty breakfast fare. Can be a long wait on weekends.
• Laughing Planet, NW 21st & Lovejoy, SE 41st and Woodstock and SE 33rd and Belmont. Another great budget option. They have a number of vegetarian & vegan dishes available. Also they have a small outside dining area when the weather is nice.
• Le Bistro Montage, under the east end of the Morrison bridge, [65]. Good Portland character, with Cajun style food including mac and cheese, alligator bites, and great mud pie. Service is quirky.
• New Seasons Supermarket, Five locations: Concordia, Orenco Station, Raleigh Hills, Sellwood, and Seven Corners on SE division, [66]. Fantastic sandwiches and an awesome deli counter. You can choose your bread, meat/tofu pate, veggies, and spreads.
• Nicholas' Restaurant, 318 SE Grand Ave, [67]. Great value Lebanese food, family owned and operated where everything is made from scratch. Small seating area so there can be waits.
• Pasha PDX, 19 NW 5th Ave. (between Burnside and Couch St.), 503 222 1667 (), [68]. Lunch M-F 11AM-3PM, dinner & dancing Th 5:30PM-midnight, F Sa 5:30PM-2AM. Persian restaurant, night club and celebrity catering. Excellent persian buffet. Now closed. Lunch buffet $8.
• Olé Olé, 2137 E Burnside St. Great burritos and a good budget option.
• Original Hotcake House, 1002 SE Powell Blvd. Open 24/7. A local landmark, famous for excellent food, great prices, and a quirky after-hours clientèle (after 1AM the place gets a bit rough).
• "'Original Taco House", 3255 NE 82nd Ave. A local tradition serving Mexican food at very cheap prices. $5-10
• Pine State Biscuits, 3640 SE Belmont St, [69]. Excellent biscuits, gravy and bacon.
• Quan Linh, 8230 SE Harrison #345, A small hole in the wall restaurant, family owned and operated, with a large variety of Chinese and Vietnamese home cooked meal. $5-10
• Riyadh's, SE 14th and Hawthorne. An excellent source of affordable Lebanese food.
• Taco Del Mar, various locations around the downtown area. Although more authentic Mexican food can be found around the city, this place is notable for serving up a 2-lb burrito. The ingredients are fresh and the staff are mostly laid-back hipsters. Try the fish taco (their namesake). $5
• Taqueria Los Gorditos, SE 50th and SE Division St. Vegan and non-vegan food, cheap but delicious and with a very expansive menu for a taco cart, including quite large burritos. The ingredients are fresh and the staff friendly.
• Voodoo Doughnut, 22 SW 3rd Ave (at junction with Ankeny), +1 503 241-4704, [70]. 24 hours. A uniquely Portland spot, where you can get unusual donuts and a marriage while learning Swahili. While they do have the standard cake doughnuts, the real stars are the doughnuts topped with cereal, candy bars, strawberry Quik powder, and the maple bar with bacon (yes, bacon) on it. It's also the place to get vegan doughnuts. While the vibe is cool and flavour combinations and the naming gimmicks are creative, the doughnuts themselves ain't that great. They tend to be a bit heavy and often lacking in freshness, and the cereal toppings are often soggy. If you want a sugar rush and possibly a free huge doughnut, take the Tex-Ass Challenge; eat one of their oversized glazed doughnuts in under a minute and a half and it's free. (Of course, you have to purchase it in advance!) Lines are frequently long and wrap around the block, with wait times up to two hours.
• Helvetia Tavern, 10275 NW Helvetia Rd, Hillsboro, +1 503 647-5286. M-Sa 11AM-9PM. A 15-20 minute drive to a rural area west of town, but outstanding burgers, fries and onion rings. Good selection of local and national beers on tap.
Mid-range
• Byways Cafe, 1212 NW Glisan St. A very '50s-style diner in the middle of the trendy Pearl District, with spectacular breakfast eating and enormous portions. Get a serious blast from the past, and enjoy the food too.
• Chinese Delicacy, 6411 SE 82nd Ave., serves delicious Chinese food and is open fairly late.
• Flying Pie Pizzeria, [71] has been voted one Portland's favorite pizza restaurants for the past decade by hungry locals and media critics alike. They have stores located in SE Portland, Gresham and Lake Oswego.
• Huber’s, 411 SW 3rd Ave, Inside the Historic Oregon Pioneer Building, +1 503 228-5686, [72]. Portland’s oldest restaurant since 1879, dinner is priced between $11.95 to 23.95; lunch menu is similar with prices between $6.95 and $12.95. Known for its turkey dinners and Spanish coffees, pour right at your table.
• Kornblatt's Delicatessen at 628 NW 23rd Av. Serves up a mean corned beef sandwich, better than most of what you'll get on the West Coast, not to mention their famous bagels. Outside tables in the summertime add to the pleasure.
• Pizzicato or Hot Lips Pizza, Pizzicato is throughout the metro area; Hot Lips 1909 SW 6th Ave. (downtown near Portland State University) and 710 NW 10th Ave (in the Pearl District). Excellent thin-crust pizza at both. At Pizzicato, try the faux-Italian options, and at Hot Lips get any of the surprisingly good veggie pizza toppings, like artichoke.
• Marrakesh[73] For a truly unique dining experience, try this restaurant. Great food and the atmosphere is truly one-of-a-kind, with the guests sitting on long, ornately decorated couches or on huge pillows on the floor and Moroccan tapestries hanging on the walls. They also make sure you get your money's worth as $18.50 buys a five-course meal.
• Mio Sushi, near NW 23rd St., is a great and constantly crowded place to eat sushi. It's also pretty reasonably priced. The sushi is fresh and even when crowded the service is pretty quick. 2271 NW Johnson St.
• For New York-style pizza, it's hard to beat Escape from New York at 622 NW 23rd., and New York, NY, 7737 SW Barbur Blvd. uptown. The restaurants are shrines to New York, unlike their chain-restaurant counterpart, Pizza Schmizza, (also quite good and spread throughout Portland). Also worth checking out are Bella Faccia, 2934 NE Alberta St. and Pizza A Go-Go, 3420 N Williams Av.
• Portland is famous for its bread, and the bakery that started it all, Pearl Bakery, anchors the Pearl District. The bread is rightly acclaimed as the best in town, and you can eat in and get a variety of sandwiches or even excellent breakfast pastries. 102 NW 9th Ave., in the Pearl District.
• Salvador Molly's, [74], 1523 SW Sunset Bld, +1 503 293-1790, +1 503 234-0896. Pirate Cookin'! Caribbean and South American cuisine with a pirate twist. Try the Great Balls of Fire (a habanero cheese fritter), eat 5 and get your photo on the wall of fame. These were featured on the Food Network as a Top 5 Spicy Treat.
• Vegetarian House, 22 NW 4th Ave., [75]. A great oasis of Chinese food for vegetarians. Most dishes are vegan (all are vegetarian) but feature American-Chinese staples such as Veggie kung pao chicken, Orange flavored veggie chicken, fried rice (ham-, pork-, chicken-flavored), and crab rangoons. Although a little on the pricey side ($9.45 for a chicken dish), the food is delicious!
Splurge
• Andina, at 1314 NW Glisan St. [76]. A Peruvian restaurant with a good selection of platas (like Spanish tapas) as well as contemporary and traditional Peruvian entrees. Live music is performed most evenings in the lounge, a popular date destination.
• Basta's Trattoria, at 410 NW 21st Av., serves excellent Italian food in a rustic-style decor. The wine list is extensive, and the menu is long but not overwhelming.
• El Gaucho, 319 SW Broadway Ave., (downtown) [77]. A chain with other restaurants in Seattle and Tacoma. The steak and ambiance don't come cheaply, however, so be prepared.
• Ken's Artisan Pizza 304 SE 28th Ave, [78]. Wood Fired oven cooking amazing pizza and other superbly executed Italian dishes. Expect a wait.
• McCormick and Schmick's, Downtown at 235 SW First Ave. [79] (McCormick and Schmick's Seafood Restaurant), 0309 SW Montgomery St. (McCormick and Schmick's Harborside at the Marina), 401 SW 12th Ave. (Jake's Famous Crawfish), 611 SW 10th Av. (Jake's Grill). Has now expanded across the US, but "way back when" it was just four (now five) Portland fresh seafood restaurants. They still serve fresh seafood, too, and it's excellent almost any way they prepare it.
• Papa Haydn 701 NW 23rd Av., near downtown, or 5829 SE Milwaukie Ave., in Sellwood. If you like dessert, this is the place to go. Although the entrees aren't all that impressive, sometimes there are four different lemon desserts, not to mention a wide selection of chocolates of every kind.
• Park Kitchen, 422 NW Eighth St. Pearl District. Wonderfully inventive, delicious cuisine served in a lovely setting, with a view of the park blocks.
• Pazzo Ristorante, 621 SW Washington St. Downtown. Both an excellent location near several movie theaters and the shopping district and solid Italian-Pacific Northwest fusion cuisine. It gets quite crowded on Friday and Saturday nights, however, so be forewarned.
• Portland City Grill, 111 SW Fifth Av. (30th floor of the Unico/US Bancorp Tower), [80]. This expensive, lavish restaurant has been made into one of the most romantic spots in Portland. If you are lucky enough to get a table or smart to reserve a table next to a window, you can enjoy your meal overlooking the great city of Portland. The menu offers only the finest selection of steak and seafood and you get as good as you pay. Lunch, however, is not expensive (moderate range; 11AM-4PM) and offers the same wonderful view and good food. Happy Hour is even cheaper (budget range; 4:30pm to 6:30pm) for the same good food, but much more crowded than lunchtime.
• Portofino Caffè Italiano, 8075 SE 13th Av., in Sellwood. A very small restaurant with attentive service and solid northern Italian and French Riviera cuisine.
• Red Star, 503 SW Alder St, Downtown, [81]. Upscale new American classics done very well. Located below Hotel Monaco.
• Ringside, 2165 W Burnside St, downtown [82]. Portland's original steakhouse. Autographs from famous musicians, athletes and movie stars line the walls. Great steak, dimly lit and excellent service.
• Southpark Seafood Grill & Wine Bar, 901 SW Salmon St. Located in the southwest corner of the shopping district and near a few movie theaters and the main Portland Center for the Performing Arts facilities. The food is excellent Mediterranean-Italian fare with a regional seafood twist.
Drink
Benson Bubbler
If you're looking for a free drink while walking around downtown, look no further than the Benson Bubblers [83], a series of ornate drinking fountains scattered throughout the downtown area, made of copper and in one-bowl and four-bowl variations. Installed by Simon Benson in the 1910s, the fountains continuously run from 6AM-11PM daily and offer a cool drink perfect for the summer months.
Alcohol
Portland is often referred to as "the microbrewery capital of the world", and it's a well-earned title. Take advantage of the Northwest's famous microbrews - small breweries that serve their own (and other's) craft beers. A world away from the generic beers that are the mainstay of America. Portland also has more traditional nightlife drinking establishments mainly located downtown and in 'The Pearl' - you will find everything from dance clubs, gay bars, an assortment of karaoke bars and much more. Portland likes its alcohol.
• Bagdad Theater and Pub, 3702 SE Hawthorne Blvd, +1 503 228-4651. [84] 2:30PM-midnight daily (depending on feature). The Bagdad is one of the great things about Portland: a 700-seat second-run movie theater serving a selection of regional craft brews you can drink while you watch.
• Bartini 2108 NW Glisan St. A cocktail bar with an extensive and interesting drink list, it has excellent atmosphere and good Happy Hour prices. As for food, they have a wide variety of fondues (including a scrumptious chocolate fondue) and other great dishes.
• Belmont Station [85] 4520 SE Stark, Belmont Station is both a store and bar/cafe. The store side hosts over 1000 bottled beers from around the world, and the cafe offers a solid lineup of sandwiches, soups, and light pub fare, as well as interesting beers on draft. The friendly and knowledgeable staff make this the place to go to explore Portland's beer scene.
• Bailey's Taproom, 213 SW Broadway, +1 503 295-1004, [86]. 4PM-midnight. Offers 20 constantly rotating taps, plus one beer engine, encompassing the entire range of beer styles with emphasis on Oregon breweries. Located in downtown Portland, convenient to most hotels, mass transit, events, nightlife, restaurants and welcome to both microbrew fanatics and the uninitiated. One of the most eclectic selections of beer around and encourages enthusiasm for the unfamiliar. (Closed Sundays) $10.
• Clinton Street Theater Pub shows a great assortment of esoteric films and the world's longest running Rocky Horror Picture Show.
• The Delta Cafe on SE Woodstock, serves messy Barbecue Pork sandwiches, lemonade in a jar, mixed drinks and 40 oz Mickey's.
• Dots, SE Clinton and 26th. A funky night spot.
• EastBurn, 1800 E Burnside St, +1 503 236-2876. Cool building and great atmosphere. Hanging swing chairs, heated patio and downstairs bar with skee ball. The food is higher end, but not pricey and full bar with big wine list and great beers on tap make this spot a local favorite.
• Hair of the Dog Brewing, 61 SE Yamhill St, +1 503 232-6585, [87]. A microbrewery that achieved a weird sort of notoriety for high-alcohol-content beers, including "Dave," which had an astonishing 29% alcohol by volume. (It's no longer produced.) Originally not a brewpub, a recent relocation closer to the Willamette River has added a taproom (W-Su 2PM-8PM), and its beers can also be found around town at such places as Higgins and the Horse Brass.
• Hopworks Urban Brewery, 2944 SE Powell Blvd, [88] One of the newest additions to the Portland brewpub scene. They emphasize sustainable practices business model. Hoppy beer with a distinct flavor.
• Horse Brass Pub, 4534 SE Belmont St, [89]. Another English-style pub that also serves a range of English-style food. An "old-world" atmosphere, reasonable prices, an huge beer list, free darts, and a friendly and knowledgeable staff make this a great place to relax with a pint and catch up with old friends. The smoke in here used to reach epic levels on weekend nights before Oregon's smoking ban took effect.
• Laurelwood Public House & Brewery, 1728 NE 40th Ave (also a NW location at 2327 NW Kearney St). For the quintessential Portland brewpub experience. Enjoy beer crafted by award-winning Brewmaster Christian Ettinger along with excellent food in a family-friendly setting. The garlic fries are not to be missed, desserts are huge and appealing, and the Laurelwood Spinach Salad is the best salad in Portland. Very child-friendly, so be aware of unsupervised toddlers darting around between the tables. Entrees are creative and of high quality.
• McMenamins,[90]. Opening with its original location in 1983, The Barley Mill Pub, McMenamins now boasts over 50 locations in Oregon and Washington, which include the Bagdad Theater and Pub, Mission Theater and Pub, and the Kennedy School. Not all locations have theaters.
• Mission Theater 1624 NW Glisan St, and Kennedy School Theater 5736 NE 33rd Ave, are part of the McMenamins Empire. Cinema 21, 616 NW 21st Ave, [91] A non-chain, non-McMenamins owned cinema brew pub showing more foreign, documentary and experimental film. Laurelhurst Theater [92] and Clinton St Theater [93] are other cinemas serving beer, wine and food.
• Red and Black Cafe, 400 SE 12th Ave, [94]. A Worker owned collective in SE. Usually carries at least one craft beer from Captured by Porches, a local microbrew which is prevalent around the punk rock community. Everything, including the beers are vegan. If you are not in the mood for alcohol try their daily brewed iced teas in flavors like lemon ginger mate, and nettle peppermint, or their cold pressed coffee. Cheap eats too host to Portland's best Vegan Reuben.
• Rogue Ales Public House, 1339 NW Flanders St, +1 503 222-5910, [95]. Best burger and fries downtown, and more beers than you can handle.
• Teardrop Lounge, 1015 NW Everett St, [96] One of the more upscale, inventive cocktail spots in PDX. The great drink concoctions have been written about in many national publications.
• Bula Kava House[97]. Newly opened, friendly atmosphere. Kava kava is a mildly sedating drink from the South Pacific. Definitely worth a try if you're in Portland since the South Pacific is quite far away. Great place to relax and socialize in a semi-authentic atmosphere, all the while trying something entirely new and exotic.
Coffee
• Coffee People, [98]. Now available only at a small handful of locations inside Portland International Airport, it used to be Portland's answer to Starbucks' empire, except with real milkshakes, and better coffee. Try a Velvet Hammer if you need caffeine.
• Pied Cow, 3244 SE Belmont St, Phone: +1 503 230-4866. A great coffee house in Portland. No other place like it. If you visit for the summer, you must come to this place. It's a great experience.
• Ristretto Roasters, 3520 NE 42nd Ave (note that the shop is on the side street across from the school even though the address is on 42nd), [99]. Great, hard-core coffee roaster where craft is more important than flash. This small coffee shop roasts its own coffee in a visible back room. Be sure to take some home as there are not many places that do such a good job with their roasting. Free Wi-Fi on site. In 2008, Ristretto Roasters opened its second, larger location and coffee lab, 3808 N Williams Ave, +1 503 288-8667.
• Stumptown Coffee Roasters, four locations; SW 3rd and Pine, SE 35th and Belmont, Ace Hotel on SW Stark and 11th, and SE 45th and Division. One of the most celebrated and appreciated local coffee roasters in a city known for good coffee, Stumptown is credited for having beans that taste as fresh as a good home roast. Frequent customers include a quirky assortment of hipsters, yuppies, artists and the like. Many other coffee shops around town sell exclusively Stumptown coffee, and beans can be purchased whole at any of the three locations, as well as more gourmet grocery stores such as Wild Oats and Whole Foods.
• World Cup Coffee and Tea, on 18th and NW Glisan, in Powell's City of Books downtown and the Ecotrust building in the Pearl District. Great locally owned company whose on-site coffee roasting has won awards. Serves organic, sustainable coffees in a great and comfortable atmosphere. One of the best coffee shops in Portland.
Sleep
Budget
• Hostelling International Portland-Hawthorne, 3031 SE Hawthorne Blvd, +1 503 236-3380, [100].
• Hostelling International Portland-Northwest, 425 NW 18th Ave (at NW Glisan St), +1 503 241-2783, [101]. A lovely and clean hostel in a couple of pleasant old buildings. Kitchen, internet access, and the staff are very friendly and relaxed. You can't beat the location for the price; a fairly quiet side street in a nice neighborhood near downtown. Dorms $23-$28, private rooms $52-$65.
• McMenamins White Eagle, 836 N Russell St, +1 503 335-8900 (toll free: +1 866 271-3377), [102]. Dormitory bunks at $30, full rooms at $40, queen rooms at $50-60.
• ThirftyLodge, 949 E Burnside St, +1 503 234-8411, [103]. Cheap motel, across the street from the Jupiter Hotel. Part of Travelodge.
Mid-range
• Embassy Suites Portland Airport, 7900 NE 82nd Ave, +1 503 460-3000, [104]. Conveniently located at the entrance to the Portland International Airport.
• Fulton House Bed & Breakfast, 7006 SW Virginia Ave (South Portland/One block west of Willamette Park), +1 503 892-5781, [105]. checkin: 3PM; checkout: 11AM. Located in the southwest part of the city, one block from beautiful Willamette Park on the Willamette River and just minutes from downtown Portland. $125-$175.
• Hilton Garden Inn Lake Oswego, 14850 Kruse Oaks Dr, Lake Oswego, [106]. Large spacious and recently renovated hotel located in the beautiful Lake Oswego region of Portland.
• Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 2300 N Hayden Island Dr, +1 503 283-8000, [107].
• Hotel Fifty, 50 SW Morrison St (Downtown on the waterfront), [108]. Renovated in 2008. Convenient to downtown and MAX train stops.
• Hotel Vintage Plaza, 422 SW Broadway, +1 503 228-1212, [109]. Luxury hotel with free daily wine tasting in the lobby.
• Inn at Northrup Station, 2025 NW Northrup St, [110]. Boutique all-suite hotel with modern decor, a rooftop deck, and kitchens.
• The Jupiter Hotel, 800 E Burnside St, +1 503 230-9200 (toll free: +1 877 800-0004), [111]. Crisp, modern guest rooms, cutting edge entertainment, food 21/7 fashion, spa style rub-downs, make up Portland’s only cultural boutique hotel. While there, The Doug Fir is not to be missed. All day eats and drinks. Seem to have loaner bicycles.
• The Kennedy School, 5736 NE 33rd Ave, +1 503 249-3983 (toll free: +1 888 249-3983, ), [112]. checkin: 3PM; checkout: 11AM. A decommissioned elementary school converted into a hotel by the McMenamins's group who also have several other converted buildings in the Portland area. Each room was made from one-half of an old classroom with items like blackboards, coatrooms, and so on still in place. The hotel has a full restaurant with its own bar and large outdoor patio. Be sure to try the Cajun Tater Tots! There's also a second-run movie theater (free with hotel stay) with a bar/cafe and table service. Also on site are the Concordia Microbrewery, Detention Bar (smoking allowed), Honor's Bar (non-smoking), Cypress Room (smoking allowed), and an outdoor soaking pool. Free Wi-Fi and great artwork throughout. $115-$145.
• Marriott Portland City Center, 520 SW Broadway, +1 503 226-6300 (fax: +1 503 227-7515), [113]. Located in the heart of downtown Portland. Just steps from the best shopping, museums, dining, and nightlife. Two blocks from MAX Light Rail, for convenient metro-area access. 10 mi from Portland International Airport.
• McMenamins Edgefield, 2126 SW Halsey St, Troutdale, (toll free: +1 800-669-8610), [114]. Housed in the former county poor farm, 15 mi east of downtown Portland. The hotel rooms ranging from suites and family rooms to hostel dorms.
• Oxford Suites Portland - Jantzen Beach, 12226 N Jantzen Dr, +1 503 283-3030, [115].
• The Park Lane Suites, 809 SW King Ave (near NW 21st and Burnside), +1 503 226-6288 (toll free: +1 800 532-9543), [116]. Boasts apartment-like suites with kitchens (stove, refrigerator, coffee-maker, and dishwasher). Rooms also include a living room and comfortable beds. The hotel is located near the "Alphabet District" and PGE Park (the minor league baseball stadium). It's a short bus ride on the 15 to downtown. Rates are reasonable.
• Le Pensione Guesthouse Style Bed and Breakfast, 1039 SE 37th Ave, +1 503 351-4831, [117]. Stay in fun Hawthorne area close to great shopping, restaurants, entertainment in a beautifully detailed 1892 Victorian. Huge king room, single room and very large bath. Amenities include gourmet coffee, fluffy robes, private entrance, microwave, mini-fridge, Dr. Hauscka bath products, luxury spa across the street.
• Rodeway Inn Airport, 9723 NE Sandy Blvd, +1 503 255-1400, [118].
• Ramada Mall 205, 9707 SE Stark St., +1 503-252-7400 (), [119]. Located minutes from Portland Airport (PDX) on Stark St and I-205 near Mall 205 in South East Portland.
• Whispering Woods Resort, 67800 E Nicklaus Way, Welches, +1 503 622-3171, [120]. Each fully-furnished and tastefully-appointed one-or-two bedroom condominium includes everything you’ll need to enjoy the serenity of your Oregon vacation. Spacious living rooms invite you to relax and share the adventures of the day, while full kitchens and dining rooms host family and friends for a special meal or quick snack between the morning round of golf and an afternoon of fly-fishing.
Splurge
• The Benson Hotel, 309 SW Broadway, +1 503 228-2000 (fax: +1 503 471-3920), [121]. A grand historic hotel located downtown.
• Embassy Suites Portland Downtown, 319 SW Pine St, +1 503 279-9000, [122]. Is in the renovated Multnomah Hotel and has a good location and nice decor for the money.
• Hotel Monaco, 506 SW Washington St (at 5th Ave), +1 503 222-0001, [123].
• The Governor Hotel, 614 SW 11th Ave, +1 503 224-3400, [124]. Historic Four star hotel.
• The Heathman Hotel, 1001 SW Broadway, +1 503 241-4100, [125]. Chosen as one of the “World’s Best Places to Stay” in Portland, Oregon.
• The Hilton Hotel-Portland, 921 SW Sixth Ave, +1 503 226-1611, [126].
• Hotel deLuxe, 729 SW 15th Ave, +1 503 219-2094, [127].
• Hotel Lucia, 400 SW Broadway, +1 503 225-1717, [128].
• Hotel Modera, 515 SW Clay St, +1 503 484-1084, [129]. Stylish boutique hotel in downtown.
• Hotel Monaco, 506 SW Washington St, +1 503 222-0001, [130]. Above Red Star Tavern in the heart of downtown.
• Marriott Downtown Waterfront, 1401 SW Naito Pkwy, +1 503 226-7600 (fax: +1 503 221-1789), [131]. Nice Hotel.
• Riverplace Hotel, 1510 SW Harbor Way, +1 503 228-3233 (toll free: +1 800-227-1333, fax: +1 503 295-6161), [132]. Four star hotel overlooking the river. $150+.
• The Westin Portland, 750 SW Alder St, +1 503 294-9000 (fax: +1 503 241-9565), [133].
Stay safe
While traveling in Portland, exercise the same caution you would in any other urban area. Portland is a fairly safe city, especially for its size in the United States. There are areas to be wary of, mostly at night, which include Old Town, 82nd Avenue and Sandy Blvd. If you're just going past it in a car, cab, or by train, you should usually be fine, but be aware of the crime on the train at night as well.
Contact
Two area codes cover the Portland metropolitan area: 503 and 971. All ten digits must be dialed when dialing local numbers in the Portland area.
• Multnomah County Library, 801 SW 10th Ave, +1 503 988-5123, [134]. M,Th-Sa 10AM-6PM, Tu-W 10AM-8PM, Su noon-5PM. Issues one-hour guest passes for Internet terminal use. Numerous branch libraries scattered around Portland (see library locations and hours ). Free wi-fi available to public while the libraries are open. Wi-fi shuts off ten minutes before the libraries close and stays off until the library next opens.
Cope
Newspapers
Portland is the home of two Pulitzer-Prize-winning publications and a number of smaller tabloid-format newspapers of note. Due to some heated local politics the town has become a rather thorny place for journalism. Portlanders identify their politics by what paper they read (Oregonian vs Tribune, Willamette Week vs Mercury).
• Just Out, [135]. Portland's queer paper, focused on issues of the Gay and Lesbian community. In Portland, "queer" issues--the neutral term of choice--are hot topics, with rural Portlanders swinging right on issues like gay marriage and a huge majority of the rest of the city swinging to the left for inclusion. Visitors to Portland would be ill-advised to expound anti-gay sentiment, and those interested in Portland's queer community would be wise to snag a copy of the paper. Free every other Friday.
• The Oregonian, [136]. Nationally-recognized, Pulitzer-winning broadsheet newspaper known for cutting-edge design (which has declined in recent years) and local-oriented coverage (the paper is distributed throughout the state and into Vancouver, WA). The paper suffers as a city guide for the out-of-towner as its arts coverage is limited (Friday A&E is comprehensive), but for those interested in longer stays it is a good primer on state politics. Movie times are up-to-date and the city's only printed television schedule is included daily. $1 Daily, $1.50 Sundays.
• The Portland Mercury, [137]. Another "alt-weekly" newspaper the Portland version of Seattle's The Stranger, this tabloid-sized hipster-focused mag has taken a bite out of the Willamette Week's advertising in recent years, meaning that those looking for movie times or rock show listings can often find them in the pages. Readers offended by foul language or grammatical inaccuracy may be frustrated by the editorial content of the paper. Free Wednesday evenings.
• Portland Tribune, [138]. This broadsheet-sized upstart has struggled since its start to find a spot between the Willamette Week and the Oregonian, the city's mainstays and the paper's main competitors. Many Portlanders will sneer at references to the Oregonian made in conversation, suburbanites who work in the city tend to favor the Tribune. Free Tuesdays and Fridays.
• Willamette Week, [139]. An "alternative weekly" newspaper, recently won a Pulitzer Prize for its investigative reporting. This boomer-hipster hybrid sometimes struggles from identity freak out but is likely the quickest and most immediate help to out of towners. The papers new annual city guide "Finder" can be found around town and is specifically tailored for those new to Portland. Sometimes referred to as Willy Week or "Willy" by old-guard Portland hipsters. Free Wednesday mornings.
Most other publications would be of only passing interest to travellers but to read what locals think and feel, some of the better neighborhood papers: Northwest Examiner, Portland Observer, Skanner, St. John's Sentinel, and Portland State University Vanguard.
Consulates
• Czech Republic (Honorary), 320 A Ave., Suite 5, Lake Oswego 97034, +1 503 293-9545 ().
• Denmark (Honorary), 1600 Pioneer Tower, 888 SW Fifth Ave, +1 503 802-2131 (, fax: +1 503 972-3813), [141].
• Germany (Honorary), 200 SW Market St Ste 1695, +1 503 222-0490 (, fax: +1 503 221-0564).
• Japan, Wells Fargo Center Ste 2700, 1300 SW 5th Ave, +1 503 221-1811 (, fax: +1 503 224-8936), [142].
• Mexico, 1305 SW 12th Ave, +1 503 274-1442.
Get out
Located just 50 mi (80 km) from the Cascade Range and 90 mi (145 km) from the Pacific Ocean, Portland is the perfect home base for day trips to Mount Hood, Mount St. Helens, the Columbia River Gorge, the northern part of the Oregon Coast, or the wineries in the Willamette Valley. If you intend on staying longer in the Pacific Northwest, Portland is fairly centrally located in the region, making for nice extended trips to Seattle, Vancouver, Eugene, and many state and national parks.
• Multnomah Falls, (25 miles East of Portland on Interstate 84). The falls is 620 ft (189 m) high and features a paved trail to the top for those willing to make the trek. The view is worth it. For a scenic drive travel East 15 miles on Interstate 84 to exit 18, take the Historic Columbia River Highway 9 mi (15 km) to the turnoff for Larch Mountain, go 14 mi (23 km) up East Larch Mountain Road to parking lot, short walk to Sherrard Point for viewpoint, drive back to the highway, then continue about a mile to Crown Point, then 9 miles to Multnomah Falls. There are a number of smaller falls along the way, which freeze in the winter. To get back to Interstate 84 continue East to the next freeway entrance.
• Oregon Wine Country. 25 mi (40 km) or so southwest of Portland lies some of the most scenic vineyards on the west coast. There are over 100 wineries in this area, from small mom and pop operations with tiny one room tasting areas all the way up to tasting rooms that rival some of Napa's finest. Oregon is particularly famous for its Pinot Noir and Pinot Gris varietals; the climate is considered perfect for these grapes and the area has gained world wide note as one of the premier wine regions on the planet.
• Officers Row Vancouver WA, (Across the Columbia river via I-5 or I205 about 15 min from the PDX airport). Pearson Field, the oldest continuous operating air field in the U.S., is now a museum with beautifully restored southern houses used by many well known people such as General George Marshall. You can walk for hours from the Officers Row to Pearson Airfield to Fort Vancouver and down to the Columbia River passing the oldest apple tree in Washington State.
Routes through Portland
SeattleVancouver N S TigardEugene
END W E GreshamThe Dalles
Ends at N SBeaverton W E GreshamPrineville
AstoriaSt. Helens W E GreshamThe Dalles
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Instead of AdBlock, enjoy ad-free CAN by becoming a member. Everybody wins!
opencv
13/05/2013 / openFrameworks, Sound
Created by Ed Burton, formerly of SodaPlay, and now at Queen Mary, University of London, Tunetrace transforms photographs of drawings into music. The app uses OpenCV and OpenFrameworks to first find edges in your photographs, reduce them to polylines and ...
02/05/2013 / Arduino, Objects
Created by Nikolas Schmid-Pfähler and Carolin Liebl, Vincent & Emily are two self-willed robots who are in a bizarre conflict between each other and their surroundings. The robots are designed to explore solitude of a partner relationship and their impulses. Mimicking humans, using sounds and ...
28/03/2013 / Events, Processing
Currently on show at the Bitforms gallery in NYC are the three new mirror pieces by Daniel Rozin. The exhibition titled Angles features "Angles Mirror", a piece that builds a picture based on relative lightness and darkness. It explores a system of linear ...
Created by Shanshan Zhou, Adam Ben-Dror and Joss Doggett, Animatronic Lamp is an exploration into the expressive and behavioural potentials of robotic computing. Using Processing, Arduino, and OpenCV, the Lamp is given an ability to be aware of its environment, ...
16/08/2012 / Objects, openFrameworks
We have already seen a number of projects that try to address both the concept of generative clothing as well as the new manufacturing techniques that allow the creation of one off, per order items. What does not seem to be addressed ...
14/05/2012 / openFrameworks, Other
SketchSynth by Billy Keyes is a drawable OSC control panel which lets anyone create their own control panels with just a marker and a piece of paper. Once drawn, the controller sends Open Sound Control (OSC) messages to anything that can receive ...
18/04/2012 / Arduino, iPhone, Processing
Fun little experiment by the InteractiveLab group utilising a pair of iPhones, four servos controlled by Processing which receives openCV CIDetector face detection information via OSC from a custom iPhone app created in openFrameworks using iOS5 SDK. In other words, 2 iPhones observe ...
23/03/2012 / Cinder
Created by Avoka Production, DIFLUXE allows us to observe and interact with a world of living beings. On screen, the particles wander forming groups similar to schools of fish. The visitor is invited to upset the balance of this microcosm by placing ...
09/11/2011 / c++, Objects
Created by a newly formed sister company of Aircord.jp: PPP, TSUMIKI is a new series of toys that incorporate computer vision to both recognise physical blocks and project content onto them. The idea behind PPP (Permanent Play Project) is to explore new ...
15/09/2011 / Android, Arduino, openFrameworks
Created by Teehan+Lax Labs, Touch Vision Interface is a combination of software and hardware to allow realtime manipulation of content on a remote device via touch interface on a mobile device. Instead of purely using mobile device screen as an input, the ...
30/05/2011 / Arduino, Processing
'The Simple Act of Making a Mark' by Alan Rorie is a recursive drawing machine that attempts to abstract the creative process.The machine begins by looking at what is placed before it and detects patterns within it. The machine then ...
28/02/2011 / Events, openFrameworks
Niklas Roy has just sent us details of his "My Lttle Piece of Privacy" project Ver 2 now making it's way accross France for a number of exhibition in Créteil, Maubeuge and Lille. Named “Big Brother” (as it is about 10cm wider ...
14/02/2011 / openFrameworks
Created by Anthony DeVincenzi, David Lakatos, Matthew Blackshaw, Daniel Leithinger and Hiroshi Ishii at the MIT Lab, Recompose is a system for manipulation of an actuated surface. By utilising openCV, Kinect (i believe) and gesture recognition the team is working ...
12/12/2010 / openFrameworks, Sound
Looking at the interaction between rhythm and technology, thesis project by Ryan Raffa uses tangible, audio-visual interactions to illustrate how physical and representative objects translate, transmit, and are encoded with rhythm. This prototype moves my “radar player” out into physical space ...
25/11/2010 / openFrameworks
Jakub Koźniewski & Piotr Barszczewski members of panGenerator were invited by Narodowy Instytut Audiowizualny (Polish National Audiovisual Institute) to create three interactive installations for Culture 2.0 conference and the Enter Level 2.0 exhibition. One of these installations was ORANY - ...
17/11/2010 / openFrameworks
Created by Karl D.D. Willis, Trace Modeler is an application that uses real-time video to create three-dimensional geometry. The silhouette of a foreground object in a video frame is subtracted from the background and used as a two-dimensional slice. At ...
13/10/2010 / Processing
My little piece of Privacy is an installation by Niklas Roy. His workshop is located in an old storefront with a big window facing towards the street. In an attempt to create more privacy inside, Niklas decided to install a small but ...
05/10/2010 / openFrameworks
Daito Manabe + Motoi Ishibashi have been doing some wonderful work recently around the theme of capturing real time image and finding ways to draw it. Ttwo projects that are a must for CAN; one that utilises laser with phosphorescent ...
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National Institute of Standards and Technology
Technology:
National Institute of Standards and Technology
This article has been reviewed by the following Topic Editor: C Michael Hogan
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is a United States federal agency within the U.S. Department of Commerce.[1]
The institute was founded in 1901 with the aim of advancing measurement science, standards, and technology. NIST was known between 1901–1988 as the National Bureau of Standards (NBS).
NIST has an operating budget of about $1,600,000,000[2] and operates in two locations: Gaithersburg, Maryland and Boulder, Colorado. NIST employs a staff of about 2,900 scientists, engineers, technicians, and support and administrative personnel. About 2,600 associates and facility users from academia, industry and other government agencies complement the staff.[3]
History
Article 1, Section 8 of the United States Constitution grants the U.S. Congress the power to "To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures". In June 1836, almost fifty years after the U. S. Constitution was ratified, the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives adopted a joint resolution establishing a U.S. Office of Weights and Measures within the U.S. Department of the Treasury. From that date until March 1901, the Office of Weights and Measures was administered mostly by the U.S. Coast Survey, later renamed as the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey (USC&GS), within the U.S. Department of the Treasury.[4] Ferdinand Rudolph Hassler, a professor of mathematics, served as the head of U.S. Coast Survey as well as the Office of Weights and Measures from 1836 to 1843.[5][6]
In 1899, Henry Smith Pritchett (the then head of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey) was determined to bring the Office of Weights and Measures into line with the changing industrial and scientific needs for standards other than simply weights and measures. To that end, he asked Samuel W. Stratton, a physics professor at Chicago University (later to become president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology), to help reorganize the Office of Weights and Measures. Stratton developed a comprehensive report on the need for a well-equipped national bureau of standards and outlined plans for establishing it.[7][8] The U.S. Congress adopted his ideas and enacted the Bureau of Standards Act in March 1901 which abolished the Office of Weights and Measures and created the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) within the U.S. Department of the Treasury. Stratton was appointed as its first director and he remained there for twenty-one years.[9]
In February 1903, the NBS was renamed as the Bureau of Standards and transferred to the U.S. Department of Commerce and Labor. In 1913, it was transferred to the U.S. Department of Commerce. Then in 1934, the word "National" was again affixed to its name. For more than 50 years, it remained as the National Bureau of Standards. Finally, in 1988, it became the National Institute of Technology, commonly referred to as NIST.[10][11]
Before the move to Gaithersburg, many of NIST's laboratories were located in what is now the University of the District of Columbia main campus.
Laboratories
The NIST laboratories are located in Gaithersburg, Maryland and Boulder, Colorado. The laboratories are:[12]
• Engineering: measurement science research, performance metrics, tools and methodologies for engineering applications
• Physical Measurement: fundamental measurement research through provision of measurement services, standards, and data
• Information Technology: advancement of information technology measurement science, standards, and technology
• Material Measurement: the national reference laboratory for measurements in the chemical, biological and material sciences
• Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology: providing access to nanoscale measurement and fabrication methods and technology
• NIST Center for Neutron Research: providing neutron measurement capabilities to the U.S. research community
Major programs
NIST has five main programs:[12]
1. Smart Grid: to develop interoperable standards for the U.S. power grid
2. Baldrige Performance Excellence Program: to educate organizations in performance excellence management
3. Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership: to provide innovations developed through R&D research and educational institutions directly to U.S. manufacturers
4. Technology Innovation Program: to promote innovation in the United States through high-risk, high-reward research (a program created in 2007 that commenced in 2008).
5. Law Enforcement Standards Office (OLES): to develop performance standards, measurement tools, operating procedures and equipment guidelines for criminal justice and public safety
Some of these are expanded upon below.
Baldrige Performance Excellence Program
The purpose of this program is to improve the performance of U.S. manufacturers, service companies, educational institutions, and health care providers. An important tool for achieving improvements is the annual Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award, which is given for performance excellence and quality achievement. This award, the highest honor for organizational performance excellence in the U.S., was created on August 20, 1987 and is named for Malcolm Baldrige, who served as 26th Secretary of Commerce from 1981 until 1987.
Originally, three types of organizations were eligible: manufacturers, service companies and small businesses. This was expanded in 1999 to include education and health care organizations, and again in 2007 to include nonprofit organizations (including charities, trade and professional associations, and government agencies). From 1988 until 2007, 72 organizations have received Baldrige Awards.
Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership
Ernest Frederick Hollings was a U.S. Senator from 1966 until 2005. In 1988 he introduced the Technology Competitiveness Act. This legislation set up the Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP). The partnership program was started in 1990. Upon retirement of Senator Hollings, the program was renamed the Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnershipin his honor. MEP is a U.S. network of 350 not-for-profit centers, whose purpose is to provide services to small and medium sized manufacturers. The centers, serving all 50 States and Puerto Rico, are linked together through NIST and funded by federal, state, local and private resources. The centers provide manufacturers access to technology making it possible for them to compete globally. MEP's operating budget in 2006 was $104.6 million. MEP also received $4.5 million in special funding to support the needs of manufacturers that were directly affected by the 2005 hurricane Katrina.
Technology Innovation Program
On August 9, 2007, the Technology Innovation Program (TIP) was started at NIST. The program was established "to support, promote, and accelerate innovation in the United States through high-risk, high-reward research in areas of critical national need." The primary mechanism of TIP is to award cost-shared research grants and contracts on the basis of merit competitions.
In June 2008, TIP described its first project – “Advanced Sensing Technologies for the Infrastructure: Roads, Highways, Bridges and Water Systems.”
In January 2009, TIP announced nine projects for awards, representing up to $88.2 million in new research, $42.5 million of it funded by TIP. Thirty-five research participants are involved in the nine projects. Nine of those 35 participants are universities with four joint ventures led by universities. Thus, TIP contributes to funding of university-industry research.
Database
The Physical Measurement Laboratory maintains a database of physical reference data[13] in conjunction with the international community, and publishes this data on its website with supporting documents from international metrology organizations, particularly the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) of the International Council for Science (ICSU).[14]
Budget funding
The NIST's total budget funding of $1,599,000,000 ($1.6 billion) for 2010 came from various sources:
• $857,000,000 from the Consolidated Appropriation Act of 2010 (U.S. Public Law 111-117)[2]
• $50,000,000 from service fees
• $102,000,000 from other agencies
• $590,000,000 from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (U.S. Public Law 111-5) mandated to be spent in 2010
References
1. NIST General Information, from the NIST website.
2. NIST Resources Fiscal Year 2010, from the NIST website
3. Why Work at NIST?, from the NIST website.
4. Note: There were some time periods during which the U.S. Army and/or the U.S. Navy administered the USC&GS
5. Ferdinand Rudolph Hassler, biography from the website of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point.
6. Weights and Measures Standards of the United States: A brief history, from the NIST website.
7. David F. Noble (1979). America by Design: Science, Technology, and The Rise of Corporate Capitalism. Oxford Press. ISBN 0-19-502618-7
8. Henry Smith Pritchett, A Tale of Two Presidents, "Technology Review: Massachusetts Institute of Technology", Vol. XXV, No. 4, February 1924. Available online at Google Books ... Scroll down to page 199.
9. Samuel Wesley Stratton, 1861-1931, brief biography from the libraries of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
10. Records of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, from the National Archives website.
11. From NBS to NIST, from the NIST website.
12. NIST Laboratories and Major Programs, from the NIST website.
13. Physical Reference Data, from the NIST website.
14. CODATA Task Group on Fundamental Constants, from the website of the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures.
Citation
Milton Beychok (Lead Author);C Michael Hogan (Topic Editor) "National Institute of Standards and Technology". In: Encyclopedia of Earth. Eds. Cutler J. Cleveland (Washington, D.C.: Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment). [First published in the Encyclopedia of Earth January 21, 2012; Last revised Date February 9, 2012; Retrieved May 18, 2013 <http://www.eoearth.org/article/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology?topic=49515>
The Author
I am a retired chemical engineer living with my wife in Newport Beach, California, USA. I spent the first part of my career (about 30 years) working in and designing petroleum refineries, petrochemical plants, natural gas treating plants and other industrial facilities in various locations worldwide. For the next 20 years or so, I was an independent consulting engineer in the environmental field ... impact studies, permitting, wastewater and air pollution emission studies. I am a graduate ... (Full Bio)
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Revision history of "Windows Desktop Search"
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About this Journal Submit a Manuscript Table of Contents
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 983923, 8 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/983923
Research Article
Oat Attenuation of Hyperglycemia-Induced Retinal Oxidative Stress and NF-B Activation in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
Received 8 October 2012; Accepted 3 December 2012
Academic Editor: Menaka C. Thounaojam
Copyright © 2013 Abdulrahman L. Al-Malki. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
How to Cite this Article
Abdulrahman L. Al-Malki, “Oat Attenuation of Hyperglycemia-Induced Retinal Oxidative Stress and NF-B Activation in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats,” Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2013, Article ID 983923, 8 pages, 2013. doi:10.1155/2013/983923
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Armavia airline company drops plans for Sukhoi plane purchase – paper
PanARMENIAN.Net - According to Aravot daily, Armavia Armenian airline company dropped its plans for a purchase of another Russian-made Sukhoi Superjet passenger plane.
The decision was prompted by recent plane crash in Indonesia.
The Superjet-100 slammed into Mount Salak near Jakarta on May 9 when it was on a short demonstration flight for potential buyers. All 45 people on board were killed.
Partner news
Top stories
Earlier, ArmRosgasprom CJSC addressed Armenia’s Public Services Regulatory Commission with an offer to reconsider natural gas price.
Armenian defense ministry’s spokesman described the maneuvers as ordinary exercises conducted several times a year.
Participants will learn basic skills in protecting IT systems and data as well as how to investigate computer-facilitated crimes.
“I wish to further promote the beauty of Armenian art and its principles of tolerance and respect to diversity,” Mnatsakanyan said.
Partner news
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[29] The king said to him, Why speak you any more of your matters? I say, You and Ziba divide the land.
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[4] But the Argives, on learning afterwards the flight of the Thebans, entered the city and collected the booty, and pulled down the walls. But they sent a portion of the booty to Apollo at Delphi and with it Manto, daughter of Tiresias; for they had vowed that, if they took Thebes, they would dedicate to him the fairest of the spoils.1
1 Compare Diod. 4.66.6 （who gives the name of Tiresias's daughter as Daphne, not Manto）; Paus. 7.3.3; Paus. 9.33.2; Scholiast on Ap. Rhod., Argon. i.308.
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Springfield School District Upgrades Wireless Network with Aruba Instant Controller-less Wi-Fi Solution
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01/15/2013
SUNNYVALE, Calif.
Reliable, Low Cost Wireless LAN Accommodates Increasing Use of Mobile Devices
SUNNYVALE, Calif. - January 15, 2013 - Aruba Networks, Inc. (NASDAQ:ARUN), a leading provider of next-generation network access solutions for the mobile enterprise, today announced that Springfield School District 186, a K-12 district comprised of 39 locations in Springfield, Illinois, is in the process of deploying Aruba Instant, Aruba's controller-less Wi-Fi solution, to upgrade its wireless network. When complete, the deployment will utilize 1,200 Aruba Instant IAP-105 access points along with the Aruba AirWave Management System, to deliver a high-performing, 802.11n wireless LAN for the entire district.
Springfield School District is comprised of three high schools, seven middle schools, 24 elementary schools, a charter school, an adult education center, a technology center and business and administrative offices. Although Springfield had previously deployed a wireless network to serve the district, the pre-802.11n network was not reliable or high-performing enough to accommodate the influx of mobile devices and equipment being used in classrooms. Springfield evaluated a number of wireless vendors including Cisco, HP, Meru and Meraki, but ultimately chose Aruba Instant for its low cost, ease of management and reliability.
"Our teachers and students have become increasingly dependent upon the wireless network for teaching and learning, and with the 1:1 iPad initiative we plan to roll out in the high schools, having a reliable infrastructure is even more critical," said Brent Qualls, manager of data and information systems for Springfield School District. He added, "The wireless just has to work, because we don't have the resources to troubleshoot and fix network problems. With our old network, we were experiencing connection issues on a daily basis, but in the buildings where we've now deployed Aruba Instant, our wireless issues have disappeared."
To test Aruba Instant's reliability, Springfield began its deployment in the most challenging locations in its district: three high schools, one of which was built in the 1900s and contained thick, brick and mortar walls, and all of which had experienced problems. "We felt if Instant could work in these locations, it could work anywhere," Qualls explained. The Aruba Instant access points (IAPs) performed flawlessly, providing the coverage and performance Springfield was looking for.
With new devices including more iPads and Macs being added to the network every day, Springfield's requirement for a solid wireless infrastructure has moved to the top of the district's priority list. The new Springfield wireless network is currently supporting about 2,400 devices in four buildings, and Springfield will continue to roll out Aruba IAPs to the rest of the district locations during the coming months. The district is also using Aruba's AirWave Management System to monitor and manage the wireless network, allowing them to quickly identify and resolve network issues.
"Aruba Instant has become a popular choice for K-12 school districts like Springfield that must support an increasing number of mobile devices in their schools without the resources and funding to tackle those challenges," said Gerry Festa, director of industry solutions marketing for Aruba Networks. "Instant gives distributed environments like these school districts enterprise-class capabilities with simplified management and configuration, at a greatly reduced cost."
About Aruba Networks, Inc.
Aruba Networks is a leading provider of next-generation network access solutions for the mobile enterprise. The company's Mobile Virtual Enterprise (MOVE) architecture unifies wired and wireless network infrastructures into one seamless access solution for corporate headquarters, mobile business professionals, remote workers and guests. This unified approach to access networks enables IT organizations and users to securely address the Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) phenomenon, dramatically improving productivity and lowering capital and operational costs.
Listed on the NASDAQ and Russell 2000® Index, Aruba is based in Sunnyvale, California, and has operations throughout the Americas, Europe, Middle East, Africa and Asia Pacific regions. To learn more, visit Aruba at http://www.arubanetworks.com. For real-time news updates follow Aruba on Twitter and Facebook, and for the latest technical discussions on mobility and Aruba products visit Airheads Social at http://community.arubanetworks.com.
© 2012 Aruba Networks, Inc. Aruba Networks' trademarks include the design mark for AirWave, Aruba Networks®, Aruba Wireless Networks®, the registered Aruba the Mobile Edge Company logo, the registered AirWave logo, Aruba Mobility Management System®, Mobile Edge Architecture®, People Move. Networks Must Follow®, RFProtect®, Green Island®. All rights reserved. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
News Source : Springfield School District Upgrades Wireless Network with Aruba Instant Controller-less Wi-Fi Solution
Copy this html code to your website/blog and link to this press release.
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Yahoo Search UK Not Showing Search Results?
May 17, 2007 • 10:24 am | (0) by | Filed Under Yahoo Search Engine & Yahoo SEO
Gabs spotted that Yahoo Search UK was showing zero results for the term fishing. Here is a screen capture:
But do notice the sponsored results.
But if you do the same search at the UK domain and not add the "countryGB" to the end, you do get results.
Weird, indeed.
Forum discussion at Search Engine Roundtable Forums.
Previous story: Google Webmaster Tools Query Statistics Frozen
blog comments powered by Disqus
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Person:Nancy Bean (2)
redirected from Person:Nancy Bean (9)
Facts and Events
Name Nancy Jane Bean
Gender Female
Birth? 30 Sep 1855 Tazewell, Virginia, United StatesPerrysville
Marriage 7 Apr 1872 Lebanon County, Pennsylvania, USALebanon Valley
to Rev Simeon Hannibal Auvil
Census? 1880 Sandy River, McDowell, West Virginia, United States
Census? 1910 Entiat, Chelan, Washington, United States
Death[2] 20 Feb 1937 Entiat, Chelan, Washington, United States
Burial[1] Entiat Cemetery, Entiat, Chelan, Washington, United States
References
1. Nancy Jane Bean Auvil, in Find A Grave.
2. Death Record
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Person:Sarah Woods (36)
Watchers
Browse
Sarah Woods
b.Bef. 1723 Prob. Ireland
m. Bef. 1712
1. Magdalena Woods1712 - 1810
2. Martha Woods1718 -
3. Sarah WoodsBef 1723 -
m. ABT 1741
1. Jean Lapsley1741 - 1797
2. Joseph Lapsley1742 - 1792
3. James Lapsley1744 - 1827
4. Martha Lapsley1746 - Aft 1802
5. Capt. Samuel LapsleyAbt 1748 -
6. John Lapsley1753 - 1801
7. Sarah Lapsley1762 -
Facts and Events
Name Sarah Woods
Gender Female
Birth? Bef. 1723 Prob. Ireland
Marriage ABT 1741 Virginiato Lt. Joseph Lapsley
This Sarah Woods has been apparently mis-identified as the daughter of Michael Woods and Mary Campbell in the Woods-McAfee Memorial publication, but that appears to be in error based upon other documented information (see below).
From Genforum.com post:
As a descendant of Peter Wallace and Martha Woods and their parents: SAMUEL Wallace and Elizabeth Woods and SAMUEL Woods and ELIZABETH Campbell, I resent the continued misstatements about the identities and parentage of these people and the continued confusion with Michael and Mary when there has been plenty of records for decades on both sides of the Atlantic showing the realities. I, the late Ruth Lamar Petracek, Ruby Woods, Lois M. Postel, the late Mrs. Ruthmary Erdahl-first cousin of the Congressman of the same name, my late mother, and others have spent over 40 years researching and transcribing the truth and passing it on--long before computers, trying to undo the speculative undocumented crap put out in the Woods-McAfee Memorial and other vanity press books published 85 to 100 years ago. We've even struggled with semi-historical claptrap like Marten's mangled history of Rockbridge which had uncle and nephew both named John Wallace dying the same day, ignoring the probate records and land records indicating that the nephew was alive and well when Marten has him dead. Apparently when he was doing his typing and editing he wasn't going back to cross check what he'd written with the original records. Yet we think he's the idiot who dropped Peter Wallace's will behind the file cabinet in the basement of the Rockbridge County Courthouse. (Ruth Lamar Petracek found it again--a photocopy of that is also in her book.)"...... http://boards.ancestry.com/surnames.woods/5091.1.4/mb.ashx
Martha, Magalena and their sister Sarah who married Joseph Lapsley were all daughters of SAMUEL Woods and Elizabeth Campbell, not Michael Woods and Mary Campbell. Martha was born probably in 1718--the colonial marriage laws generally stated 21 as a minimum age for marriage. The Quakers allowed marriage for 18 year old females and were constantly at odds with the "official" church. Remember: church and state were one in England, and England ruled the Americas. Thus even many Quakers waited--because the fines could be quite hefty if they didn't. Peter Wallace was born between 1715-1717.
There is no evidence that Mary Campbell was killed by the Native Americans. The December, 1741 incident occurred west of where Michael Woods and his wife were living and it might have been her sister, Elizabeth Campbell Woods who was among people killed by the Native Americans after John McDowell gave the Iroquois war party liquor. According to the records of those asking for compensation for losses (which included family members) it was the Woods in Augusta County, connected with Samuel Woods, who filed for compensation.....
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Place:Midway, Bullock, Alabama, United States
Watchers
NameMidway
Alt namesFeagins Storesource: USGS, GNIS Digital Gazetteer (1994) GNIS1013998
TypeTown
Coordinates32.074°N 85.52°W
Located inBullock, Alabama, United States
source: Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names
the text in this section is copied from an article in Wikipedia
Midway is a town in Bullock County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 457.
Research Tips
This page uses content from the English Wikipedia. The original content was at Midway, Alabama. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with WeRelate, the content of Wikipedia is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.
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Tell me more ×
Answers OnStartups is a question and answer site for entrepreneurs looking to start or run a new business. It's 100% free, no registration required.
Three sentence history: I was brought in on an opportunity by the original "idea" person. After trying out a few others, there ended up being a total of three of us. The initial project was going to require significant capitalization from external sources (none of us had real money for the materials needed), and being my first negotiation I accepted a very small stake (with strings for a couple more points if profitability didn't turn in the first two years).
After a few months we realized the idea just wasn't going to work and settled on one that requires (related to the first project) trivial startup money.
Current facts:
• Original idea person holds almost all of the startup.
• We've all put in about the same amount of time.
• We'll all be investing about as much as each other.
My question: As we're settling into researching and codifying a business plan, I feel I should be renegotiating my stake in the startup before we get too far along. Should I be shooting for a third of the company or is that unrealistic?
share|improve this question
3 Answers
up vote 4 down vote accepted
I would shoot for a third, or close, because to some degree you are starting over at this point. If you all are adding equal shares of everything you should get an equal share of the stake in the company.
However, someone should have just a larger enough amount of the business so that he is more liable than the rest. That would technically make him the boss, but sometimes executive decision will need to be made. The outcome will be his responsibility and he needs to know that when they get more of a share. Could do 30/30/40 as an idea.
share|improve this answer
In order to have a partnership that works, it must be a win-win deal. Apparently you feel it's not one.
Since I know nothing about your project, I just want to give my personal feeling about idea owner.
Everybody has (good) ideas. People that get more ideas than others are just those who have something to prove, to themselves or to their mom ;) The former care far too much. The latter just don't care.
What makes the difference is the ability of the person to materialize them. So regardless who had the idea, unless he worked a significant amount of time before the partnership that he could value, you should be all equals.
However, to be equal in shares, is not something I recommend.
share|improve this answer
It seems like you might have made a bit of a strategic mistake
We've all put in about the same amount of time. We'll all be investing about as much as each other.
What I mean is that if the guy was the owner, shouldn't he have been the one to be pumping money into the organization?
The original owner might think: From a leverage stand point, I own this piece of property, you give me money to support it. If you are just giving it to me or the corporation, I don't "officially" owe you anything.
I guess what I'm saying is that it might have made more sense to say I'm giving you this money for some share of the company. He probably might have said no way and you might have then decided not to give him the money. Most people won't turn down "free money"
From a "fairness" stand point, I think you would be expect to be reiumbursed for the money you put in or get some sort of ownership rights. However, I don't think the has any obligation to do either right now.
I would use what you bring to the table as leverage or walk. I think it's fair for you to ask for some ownership in the company if you have equally contributed. However, if he holds all the cards, you would need to be prepared to walk.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer
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Tell me more ×
Answers OnStartups is a question and answer site for entrepreneurs looking to start or run a new business. It's 100% free, no registration required.
I have a friend who runs a business that decorates special events. He deals a lot with customers who's budget is much less than his normal prices, but he normally just gives them huge discounts because he prefers to get little money than no money (he has a very high profit margin). Now, he wants offer actual offers customers wanting a discount, so that on one hand he doesn't seem shady, and actually gets something of value, along the lines of writing reviews (although that's not nearly close enough in value to the 100$-200$ discount he gives). I thought that if they get a friend to make a deposit before their job, or putting a link to us from their site might repay, but both of those (customers with friends are too rare to be consistent. We had some ideas about asking them to call talk shows and the like.
What can he get from customers more or less reliably that would cover discounts?
share|improve this question
3 Answers
up vote 1 down vote accepted
Our local newspapers have a section with "thank you" posts (for a small fee). If such a thing is available have them post one with their name (even if you need to cover the fee). "I want to publicly thank BlahBlah for helping me with "whatever" almost for free" (you get the idea).
Huge value!
share|improve this answer
Customer reviews, website mentions, website links, Facebook mentions, Facebook likes, new customer referrals, allowing him to promote his business at the event (think a small sign, a business card holder with cards in it), willingness to act as a phone referee. There's a few.
share|improve this answer
If you feel it hard to get something from customers with providing discount, why not keep the price unchanged but offer something more as bonus to customers? By this way customer don't need to do anything and would still feel this is good deal, and you also make more money.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer
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Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged or ask your own question.
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Comparative Performance of Pseudo-Median Procedure, Welch’s Test and Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon at Specific Pairing
Nor Aishah Ahad, Abdul Rahman Othman, Sharipah Soaad Syed Yahaya
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the performance of two-sample pseudo-median based procedure in testing differences between groups. The procedure is the modification of one-sample Wilcoxon procedure using pseudo-median of differences between group values as the central measure of location. The test was conducted on two groups setting with moderate sample sizes of symmetric and asymmetric distributions. The performance of the procedure was measured and evaluated in terms of Type I error and power rates obtained via Monte Carlo methods. Type I error and power rates of the procedure were then compared with the alternative parametric and nonparametric procedures namely the Welch’s test and Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test. The findings revealed that the pseudo-median procedure is capable in controlling its Type I error close to the nominal level when heterogeneity of variances exists. In terms of robustness, the pseudo-median procedure outperforms the Welch’s and Mann Whitney Wilcoxon tests when distributions are skewed. The pseudo-median procedure is also capable in maintaining high power rates especially for negative pairing.
Full Text: PDF
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Modern Applied Science ISSN 1913-1844 (Print) ISSN 1913-1852 (Online)
Copyright © Canadian Center of Science and Education
To make sure that you can receive messages from us, please add the 'ccsenet.org' domain to your e-mail 'safe list'. If you do not receive e-mail in your 'inbox', check your 'bulk mail' or 'junk mail' folders.
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ECE497 Project Set Playing Beagle
From eLinux.org
Revision as of 00:17, 4 May 2011 by Mayhewsw (Talk | contribs)
Jump to: navigation, search
Team members: Stephen Mayhew, Samuel Allen, Julian Ametsitsi
Description
Using a webcam, a projector, and possibly a microphone, this system will allow the computer to play Set. Set is a card game which involves finding patterns among a 12-card layout. The instructor at this website makes the interesting point that for humans, it is easy to gather information about the cards, but hard to find sets. For computers, it is the opposite: even with a brute force algorithm, it is a trivial matter to find all sets in a layout, but it is difficult to read the cards.
Our github page is:
https://github.com/mayhewsw/BeagleSetGame
Game Play
It will be a command line application, written in Python using the OpenCV Python bindings.
Basic Flow:
• Start the program
• Set out the cards
• When there are 12 cards, the program will start to recognize cards and find sets
• When the computer finds a set, it will project the locations of the cards onto the playing surface
• If the computer can't find a set, then project red X, or speech synthesis "No set", or print to console
If there is time:
• If a human finds a set - user input: click, speech recognition - and computer stops looking
• Speech synthesis - ask for confirmation on sets (could also be command line - much easier)
Tasks
• Decide on final functionality
• Come up with the hardware setup, frame to hold the camera and projector
• Test OpenCV on the Beagle - Stephen
• Learn how to stream video input using OpenCV (or PyGame) - Sam
• Finish the Set card recognizer - Stephen
• Bring the system together - Everybody
• Test the DLPpico projector, get it to communicate with the camera - Julian
Completed tasks:
• OpenCV is installed on my Beagle - Stephen
• Game logic has been acquired - Stephen
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Warren County, North CarolinaEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
United States North Carolina Warren County
Guide to Warren County North Carolina genealogy. Birth records, marriage records, death records, census records, family history, and military records.
North Carolina
Online Records
Warren County, North Carolina
Map
Location in the state of North Carolina
Location of North Carolina in the U.S.
Facts
Founded 1779
County Seat Warrenton
Courthouse
Adopt-a-wiki page
This page adopted by:
NCGenWeb Project
who welcome you to contribute.
County Coordinator
Warren Co. NCGenWeb
Adopt a page today
Contents
County Courthouse
Warren County Courthouse
P O Box 506
Warrenton, NC 27589-0709
Phone: 252-257-3265
Register of deeds has birth and death records from 1913
marriage and land records from 1764
Clerk Superior Court has divorce and probate records from 1764
and court records from 1968[1]
History
Warren and Franklin Counties were formed in 1779 from Bute County which had been established in 1764. For several years the inhabitants of Bute had longed for a division of the county because of the hardships to fulfill civil duties from the remote parts of the very large county. On 26 April 1777 Mr. Benjamin Seawell introduced a petition in the North Carolina General Assembly from the several inhabitants of Bute for a division of the County. For some reason the division was not made. Two years later, in 1779, Mr. Edward Jones introduced another petition 'for the division. A bill was slated and enacted into law on 20 January 1779:
.... That from and after the passing of this Act the County of Buts shall be divided into two distinct Counties by a direct line from the Granville line to Halifax or Nash County line as the case may be, leaving in each part or division an equal quantity of Acres as near as can be ascertained ... and all that part or division which lies North of said line and adjacent to Virginia shall be a distinct County by the name of Warren, and all that part or division that lies South of said line shall be a distinct County by the name of Franklin;.. (SRNC, XXIV, 227)
On 29 January 1779 the General Assembly meeting at Halifax appointed the Commissioners for dividing Bute County. Julius Nichols, John Faulcon, William Duke, John Norwood, and Matthew Thomas were to be responsible for measuring the bounds of Bute County, running the dividing line, and choosing sites near the center of each county whore courthouses and public buildings were to be built. Later in 1779 two other acts of Assembly established Warrenton and Louisburg as County Seats of Warren and Franklin Counties respectively,
In 1786 Warren County annexed more territory, a part of Granville County:
.... Beginning at the point where the line of division between Warren and Granville Counties shall touch the line of division between this State and the State of Virginia, and running thence west along the said line to Nutbush Creek, thence up said creek as it meanders to the mouth of Anderson's Swamp, thence up the said swamp to the fork, thence up the south fork of the said swamp to Stark's mill, thence 'by a line to be run due south until it shall touch the aforesaid line of division between Warren and Granville, be, and the same is hereby annexed to and shall remain a part of the County of Warren .... (SRNC, XXIV, 866)
Warren County remains today the same except for a western part which was cut off to form a part of Vance County when it was formed in 1881.
Bute Co. was formed from Granville Co. in 1764 and abolished in 1779 when it was divided into Warren Co. and Franklin Co. The courthouse of Bute Co. was located at a place called "Buffalo Rice Path" on land owned by Jethro Sumner about 6 miles southeast of present Warrenton, North Carolina. Most of the records of Bute County are still located in Warren Co. though some may be found in Franklin Co.
Parent County
1779--Warren County was created from Bute County. Bute County was abolished in 1779.
County seat: Warrenton [2]
Boundary Changes
Territory north of Roanoke River, in Roanoke Township, transferred from Northampton County to Warren County in late 1800's. Portion of Warren along western border, became part of Vance County in 1881. Town of Littleton, previously spread over Warren & Halifax, transferred entirely to Halifax in 1970's.
Record Loss
Some records are missing, reason unknown.
County Court Records from abt 1814 -1823 are missing. There is a loss of records for around the 1935 time period. Deed Books 15 and 16, 1799-1803, are missing from the court house and from the NC Archives.
Places/Localities
Townships
Fishing Creek, Fork, Hawtree, Judkins, Nutbush, River, Roanoke, Sandy Creek, Shocco, Sixpound, Smith Creek, Warrenton
Populated Places
Neighboring Counties
Resources
African Americans
Cemeteries
Census
For tips on accessing Warren County, North Carolina census records online, see: North Carolina Census.
Church Records
Baptist
Court
Warren County has a number of missing Court records, in particular, most of the records from 1813 to 1823 are missing, reason is unknown.
Warren County Courthouse
109 S. Main Street
Warrenton, NC 27589
(252) 257-3261
Land
Warren County Register of Deeds
109 S. Main Street
PO Box 506
Warrenton, NC 27589
Phone: (252) 257 3265
The Registry cannot do research for you but the following records are available to the public:
Real Estate since 1756
Warren County Online Deeds Search -currently from abt 1974
A number of Deeds for Warren County have been transcribed, check the following sites:
Local Histories
Maps
Military
Visit the Warren County Military Page on NCGenWeb Warren Co.
Civil War
Civil War Confederate units - Brief history, counties where recruited, etc.
-8th Regiment, North Carolina Infantry
Index to Warren County residents - who served in Civil War
Newspapers
Probate
Warren County has copies of wills and estate records available from the Office of the Clerk of the Superior Court. Please be specific about what you want when you contact the office.
Warren County Courthouse
109 S. Main Street
Warrenton, NC 27589
Clerk of Superior Court
252-257-3261
It is generally more cost effective to order copies of records directly from the County, however, most originals of the early records have been sent to the State Archives and what remains in the County offices are hand-copied translations of those originals, so you may want to keep that in mind.
Records can be ordered from the North Carolina State Archives by contacting them giving them specific information on what you are looking for. Click onto this page for a detailed guide on Contacting the NC State Archives.
Most original wills, inventories, settlements and other materials associated with estate records have been sent to the State Archives. The Archives has the following available on microfilm:
• Records of Wills, Accounts, Inventories & Settlements, 1764-1863 (16 reels)
• Record of Wills, 1863-1964 (3 reels)
• Index to Wills, 1763-1963 (1 reel)
• Record of Accounts, 1868-1964 (5 reels)
• Record of Administrators and Guardians, 1905-1906 (1 reel)
• Record of Administrators, 1912-1964; Cross Index to Administrators, 1866-1965 (3 reels)
• Record of Executors, 1919-1964; Cross Index to Administrators & Executors, 1927-1936 (1 reel)
• Record of Guardians, 1926-1964; Cross Index to Guardians, 1926-1936 (1 reel)
• Division of Estates, 1820-1821 (1 reel)
• Inheritance Tax Records, 1923-1964 (1 reel)
• Record of Settlements, 1878-1964 (3 reels)
The North Carolina State Archives will give you pricing information when you contact them for ordering microfilm.
North Carolina State Archives
4614 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, N.C. 27699-4614
Physical address:
109 E. Jones St.
Raleigh, N.C. 27601
(919) 807-7310
A number of Wills & Estates have been transcribed and are available as follows:
The early Warren County Court records have been transcribed and published and are available for purchase from the author. The books are:
• Warren County, NC Minutes to the Court of Pleas, 1780-1786 (author has put complete book online)
• Warren County, NC Minutes to the Court of Pleas, 1787-1792
• Warren County, NC Minutes to the Court of Pleas, 1793-1796
• Warren County, NC Minutes to the Court of Pleas, 1797-1800
• Warren County, NC Minutes to the Court of Pleas, 1801-1805
• Warren County, NC Minutes to the Court of Pleas, 1806-1809
• Warren County, NC Minutes to the Court of Pleas, 1810-1813
There is an index to the books on the website where you can check for your ancestors name. Please check the site Ancestral Tracks for prices.
Taxation
The following links will take you to transcribed Tax Records for Warren County:
Vital Records
Warren County Register of Deeds
109 S. Main Street
PO Box 506
Warrenton, NC 27589
Phone: (252) 257 3265
The Registry cannot do research for you but the following records are available to the public:
Birth & Death Records beginning 1914
Marriages since 1867
A number of Birth, Marriage and Death Records have been transcribed and are available at the following links:
Also see on FamilySearch:
Societies and Libraries
Family History Centers
Web Sites
References
1. Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America, 10th ed. (Draper, Utah: Everton Pub., 2002), Warren County, North Carolina. Page 513 At various libraries (WorldCat); FHL Book 973 D27e 2002.
2. The Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America,10th ed. (Draper, UT:Everton Publishers, 2002).
3. 3.0 3.1 Genealogical Society of Utah, Parish and Vital Records List (July 1998). Microfiche. Digital version at https://www.familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/images/f/f5/Iginorthcarolinap.pdf.
4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 George Washington Paschal, History of North Carolina Baptists, 2 vols. (1930; reprint, Gallatin, Tenn.: Church History Research and Archives, 1990), 1:233, 483, 491; 2:569. FHL Book 975.6 K2p 1990.
Need additional research help? Contact our research help specialists.
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• This page was last modified on 6 May 2013, at 18:01.
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An unofficial blog that watches Google's attempts to move your operating system online.
Send your tips to gostips@gmail.com.
May 10, 2007
The Sound of Nature, in Google Earth
New Scientist reports that a passionate collector of nature sounds created a software that integrates the sounds in Google Earth. "Bernie Krause has spent 40 years collecting over 3500 hours of sound recordings from all over the world, including bird and whale song and the crackle of melting glaciers. His company, Wild Sanctuary in Glen Ellen, California, has now created software to embed these sound files into the relevant locations in Google Earth."
The software will be launched on May 29 at Where 2.0 conference, but you can hear some of the sounds at Wild Sanctuary's Flash site.
"Maps have traditionally been two-dimensional reference points. Even with 3D perspectives an essential component has been missing--the soundscape. Like the soundtrack to a film, this final element not only answers the question Where am I? but informs the viewer what they can expect to find either in a virtual or actual visit," explains Mr. Krause.
Google Earth already integrates content from National Geographic, Discovery and other sources: photos, videos, live webcams, articles, but most of them are loaded outside Google Earth, in a web browser.
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login ask-a-question questions unanswered tags faq
They should be compact or foldable and have at least decent sound quality. Noise suppression is nice but not essential. I would listen in flight, but for now most of my listening is in my hotel room at the end of the day.
asked Aug 02 '11 at 13:47
Cannolo
1
Heh, thanks Oliver. :)
link
answered Jun 07 '12 at 12:52
DanW
1
I would recommend Audio Technica ATH-M50 (The M50 has a coiled cord, the M50S has a straight cord). I use these at work (and occasionally on-the-go) and I love them. They are not especially small (though they do fold up in a clever way) but their combination of sound quality (very clean, neutral sound), passive noise isolation (no batteries needed), and comfort (I have a big head and the only comfort issue I have had is my ears getting a bit warm after a few hours of listening) are very impressive for their price point (I got mine new on eBay for ~$120).
[This answer was submitted by Daniel West, but didn't make it through the spam filter.--OH]
link
answered Jun 07 '12 at 07:30
oliver
551
I bought Creative HN-700 headphones a couple of years ago. They are good for cancelling out noise, provide good sound, and fold up and fit into a provided pouch. I forgot to carry them in my backpack on my last trip overseas - left them in my soft sided suitcase (and MISSED having them to drown out the din!), and they survived. I use them for travel and for Skype with friends overseas when the connection is bad. They were relatively cheap (otherwise I would not have gotten them) so they were a good investment. Downside is that I have a BIG head, so the padded head band is "stressed" going over my "dome", so the crown of my head sometimes gets a little tender on long flights, but I have not yet taken them off because of discomfort! I often fall asleep with them on.
I got them to see if sound cancelling headphones were worth it. They ARE! So I suspect I will upgrade when the time comes (or my flight frequency increases).
link
answered Aug 04 '11 at 15:22
lduvall
16
I have been impressed enough by the value of a cheap pair I have of Sony noise-canceling headphones (model MDR-NC40) that when the first pair broke*, I bought another, and am still happy with the investment.
Right now, I see them at Amazon for about $80 (http://www.amazon.com/Sony-Ultra-Lightweight-Foldable-Canceling-Headphones/dp/B001FXXAP8 -- the reviews there are poor, but they don't match my experience); I paid more than this for my first set, and less (about $60) for them the 2nd time around, thanks to a sale at Radio Shack. I briefly saw them on sale for about $25 at a Target store as well ... so, shop around ;)
I find them comfortable even over my glasses, which is unusual. (Not as comfortable as some of the best I've tried, expensive Beyerdynamics or Sennheisers, but surprisingly good, even on long flights.) The noise reduction is good, though not the world's best. ("The world's best," frankly, is something that I must admit I don't often think is worth the marginal cost -- your mileage, and budget, may vary.)
They fold into a nice small case, which fits well either one of the small outside pockets on my Tom Bihn Checkpoint Flyer, or the smallish Jansport backpack I'm carrying on my current trip to Seattle. I think they pay for themselves in flying comfort in one trip. Use a single AAA battery, which lasts for something near 20 hours.
• My fault -- I let them get pretty jumbled / crushed in a full pack, rather than take the few seconds it takes to pack them neatly in their case. It was a touch disappointing, but not strictly speaking the fault of the design; I'm pretty tough on headphones, and the 2d pair has been holding up well.
link
answered Aug 03 '11 at 22:21
Timothy Lord
1
edited Aug 03 '11 at 22:37
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Asked: Aug 02 '11 at 13:47
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Last updated: Jun 07 '12 at 12:52
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OpenWetWare:Steering committee/NSF BDI Grant
From OpenWetWare
(Difference between revisions)
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(Relevant pages)
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#'''[[OpenWetWare:Steering committee/NSF BDI Grant/Draft|Grant draft]]'''
#'''[[OpenWetWare:Steering committee/NSF BDI Grant/Draft|Grant draft]]'''
#[[OpenWetWare:Steering committee/NSF BDI Grant/Letter of support|Letter of support from steering committee]]
#[[OpenWetWare:Steering committee/NSF BDI Grant/Letter of support|Letter of support from steering committee]]
+
#[[OpenWetWare:Steering committee/NSF BDI Grant/openwetware.bib|Bibliography]]
==Resources==
==Resources==
Revision as of 02:07, 6 July 2006
The due date for this application is July 10th, so we need to get started on it immediately. Those interested in helping should contact Sri Kosuri
Contents
Relevant pages
1. Grant description
2. Grant outline
3. Grant draft
4. Letter of support from steering committee
5. Bibliography
Resources
What we need
References
Please post any references you have regarding scholarly works that discuss wiki's, collaborative info tools, the inefficiencies of research, the lack of info about methods or anything else that might be relevant. We are in desperate need! Press articles can also be posted (but real papers are more helpful!).
Education
wikis & science
semantic web+wiki
1. Berman HM and Westbrook J. . pmid:12831545. PubMed HubMed [Berman-OMICS-2003]
semantic web and biology
1. Jenssen TK and Hovig E. . pmid:12546914. PubMed HubMed [Jenssen-DrugDiscovToday-2002]
general wiki
sharing in sciences
1. Eysenbach G. . pmid:16683865. PubMed HubMed [Eysenbach-PLOSBiol-2006]
2. MacCallum CJ and Parthasarathy H. . pmid:16683866. PubMed HubMed [MacCallum-PLOSBiol-2006]
All Medline abstracts: PubMed HubMed
Do Open-Access Articles Have Greater Research Impact?
information aggregation in science
publishing science online
IMPLEMENTING PEER REVIEW ON THE NET: SCIENTIFIC QUALITY CONTROL IN SCHOLARLY ELECTRONIC JOURNALS
others that might be helpful
Latour, Bruno. Laboratory life : the social construction of scientific facts / Bruno Latour, Steve Woolgar ; introd. by Jonas Salk. Beverly Hills : Sage Publications, c1979. Dewey Library - Stacks | QH315.L315
Letters of support
Assuming we proceed with the grant, we're going to need letters of support. More to come.
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Smolke:Protocols/Western
From OpenWetWare
Jump to: navigation, search
Home Contact Internal Protocols Lab Members Publications Research
Still a work in progress
Contents
Overview
Blotting for V5-tagged proteins in S. cerevisiae
Materials
Procedure
Lysis
1. Grow 25mL culture to saturation in appropriate (generally dropout) media.
2. Pellet cells at 3000g, 4°C for 5 minutes
3. Pour off supernatant, weigh, resuspend in water at 1 mg/mL.
4. Transfer 100uL to a 1.5mL tube, repellet as before
5. Reweigh, resuspend at 0.5 mg/uL in YPER (+EDTA-free protease inhibitor)
6. Agitate at RT for 20min
7. Pellet at 14000g, 4°C for 10 minutes
SDS-PAGE
1. Remove 40uL of lysate supernatant, mix with 10uL of 5x loading buffer
• Also take 5uL prestained ladder (thaw and vortex first)
2. Boil samples while prepping precast SDS-PAGE gel
3. Load 25uL of each sample
4. Run gel with MOPS running buffer, 150V, ~1hr
Transfer
1. Make 2x transfer buffer + 10% MeOH
2. Pre-equilibrate gel in 2x transfer buffer + 0.02% SDS, 10 minutes
3. Soak pags + membrane in 2x transfer buffer + 10% MeOH
4. Layer pad, membrane, gel, pad
5. Run 15V, 20 minutes
Blotting
1. Incubate membrane with 1x TBST + 5% milk, >1hr (rocking)
2. Wash twice with 1x TBST, 5 minutes (rocking)
3. Incubate membrane with 10mL 1x TBST + 5% milk + 2μL α-V5 antibody, >1hr (rocking)
4. Wash twice with 1x TBST, 5 minutes (rocking)
5. Mix 2.5mL each developing solution, add to membrane, incubate 5 minutes (rocking)
6. Image
Notes
References
Contact
Josh Michener
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