Split (3)

train · 63.7k rows

text stringlengths 127 2.59k
{"id": 1452, "answer": 2, "text": "Many masterpieces in ancient Chinese painting and calligraphy are works of very small size, but this does not prevent the appreciation and worship of calligraphers and painters of later generations. On the contrary, in the current painting world, the fervour of the painting and calligraphy market has attracted a large number of new investors who lack experience in art to join. Because they lack cognition of the value judgment of painting and calligraphy, they mistakenly think that the bigger the painting is, the higher the value must be, and they buy some worthless masterpieces indiscriminately, and finally complain repeatedly. And some artists in order to cater to the market preferences, also no longer the immanent quality of single-minded focus on work, but is keen on their mood, blindly pursuing big, so big and empty, and the lack of ink and the connotation of blockbuster flood the market continuously, disrupted the market already, also make oneself more and more distant from the distance from the real art.", "question": "Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?", "options": ["Investors mostly lack recognition of the value of painting and calligraphy works", "The smaller the size of ancient painting and calligraphy, the more valuable it is to collect", "The creative mentality of some artists is closely related to market value", "The intrinsic quality of modern painting and calligraphy works is susceptible to market influence"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2573, "answer": 3, "text": "In a certain institute, all the engineers are union members, some managers are masters, some engineers are masters, all union members have applied for credit cards, there is no manager to apply for credit cards.", "question": "Which of the following is a counterexample of the above premise?", "options": ["A female manager.", "A man with a credit card, but not an engineer.", "A manager who doesn't apply for a credit card.", "A engineer who doesn't apply for a credit card."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12950, "answer": 1, "text": "Advertisement: The new Reflex computer represents a conceptual advance. Unlike traditional computers, the Reflex has a built-in monitoring function that continuously checks all other computer operations and lets you know if they are malfunctioning in any way, thus preventing the loss of data. With the Reflex, ttherefore, you' ll never lose data again!", "question": "Which one of the following is an assumption on which the advertisement's argument depends?", "options": ["The monitoring function provides suggestions on how to prevent future malfunctions.", "The monitoring function of the Reflex is not subject to frequent unpredictable malfunctioning.", "The Reflex computer continues to process data while it is warning of a malfunction.", "The monitoring function of the Reflex does not reduce the computer's speed."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8614, "answer": 1, "text": "Ordinary consumers are limited by the status of professional and vulnerable groups and cannot effectively identify false or distorted negative information. Even if companies try to clarify, in the current public opinion dissemination environment of good things don't go out, bad things spread thousands of miles, the strong memory effect will It makes it difficult for people who pursue risk aversion to change their original misconceptions, and they will still use it as a guide for consumer decision-making for a long time in the future, which makes it difficult to clarify the injustice of some law-abiding companies, and also gives Businesses have suffered serious losses.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, would most weaken the above argument?", "options": ["The media popularize professional knowledge to the society by taking advantage of its convenience and easy compatibility with the public cognitive structure", "The regulatory department establishes credit files for enterprises and provides consumers with a dynamic panorama of the company's situation", "It is difficult for those companies that have a conviction but try to rehabilitate to return to the normal trading track", "Once a bad reputation becomes a collective memory of the society, it will have a strong stickiness in the public perception"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14419, "answer": 1, "text": "Statistics teachers often debate whether to teach the mathematical theories underlying statistics or to focus on the use of statistical methods to solve real problems. This is like the difference between learning to build a car and learning to drive one. Almost all statistics courses teach building, and if there is extra time, they may cover a tip or two on driving. But, just as ordinary drivers do not need to know how to build a car in order to drive one, __", "question": "Which one of the following most logically completes the argument?", "options": ["students should not be presumed by their teachers to have a particular goal or purpose in taking a class", "users of statistics do not need to understand the underlying theory in order to solve real problems", "statistics should be considered as a discipline that is distinct from mathematics", "statistics teachers should focus on providing their students with the skills that they are most likely to use"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12325, "answer": 1, "text": "In 1963, a young macaque monkey was observed venturing into a hot spring to retrieve food which had fallen in. Soon, other macaques began to enter the spring, and over a few years this behavior was adopted by the entire troop. Prior to 1963, no macaques had ever been observed in the hot spring; by 1990, the troop was regularly spending time there during the winters. Thus, these macaques are able to adopt and pass on new patterns of social behavior, and are not complete captives of their genetic heritage.", "question": "Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument above?", "options": ["The social behaviors of macaques are completely independent of their genetic heritage.", "New patterns of behavior that emerge in macaque populations over the course of a few years or decades are not necessarily genetically predetermined.", "Mutations in the genetic heritage of a certain variety of macaques can occur over a time span as short as a few years or decades.", "The macaques' new pattern of behavior will persist over several generations."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12267, "answer": 0, "text": "John: You told me once that no United States citizen who supports union labor should buy an imported car. Yet you are buying an Alma. Since Alma is one of the biggest makers of imports, I infer that you no longer support unions. Harry: I still support labor unions. Even though Alma is a foreign car company, the car I am buying, the Alma Deluxe, is designed, engineered, and manufactured in the United States.", "question": "Harry's method of defending his purchase of an Alma is to", "options": ["show that John's argument involves a false unstated assumption", "disown the principle he formerly held", "point out that one of the statements John makes in support of his argument is false", "claim that his is a special case in which the rule need not apply"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6873, "answer": 3, "text": "On the topic of education at the moment, there are often two armies confronting each other: on the one hand, there are education experts who say with all their heart that successful education must inspire students' interest; on the other side are parents and teachers who agree that exams are the only ones and scores are the top priority. Experts point out that such utilitarianism has ruthlessly stifled the children's nature and interest. However, under the conditions of insufficient high-quality educational resources, parents do not want to find ways to get their children to enter prestigious schools, what more wise choices can be made?", "question": "Which of the following options can be inferred from this text?", "options": ["The domestic high-quality educational resources are in short supply", "The views of education experts are divorced from the reality of life", "Now education kills children's nature", "Parents utilitarian choice is out of helplessness"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10774, "answer": 1, "text": "Curator: If our museum lends Venus to the Hart Institute for their show this spring, they will lend us their Rembrandt etchings for our print exhibition next fall. Having those etchings will increase attendance to the exhibition and hence increase revenue from our general admission fee. Museum Administrator: But Venus is our biggest attraction. Moreover the Hart' s show will run for twice as long as our exhibition. So on balance the number of patrons may decrease.", "question": "The point of the administrator's response to the curator is to question", "options": ["whether getting the Rembrandt etchings from the Hart Institute is likely to increase attendance at the print exhibition", "whether the number of patrons attracted by the Hart Institute's Rembrandt etchings will be larger than the number of patrons who do not come in the spring because Venus is on loan", "whether the Hart Institute's Rembrandt etchings will be appreciated by those patrons of the curator's museum for whom the museum's biggest attraction is Venus", "whether, if Venus is lent, the museum's revenue from general admission fees during the print exhibition will exceed its revenue from general admission fees during the Hart Institute's exhibition"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5888, "answer": 3, "text": "An ambitious young man wanted to invent a solution that could dissolve everything.", "question": "Which of the following pieces of advice can best make this young man change his original intentions?", "options": ["Many people have tried this and none of them have been successful.", "Theoretical research proves that such a solution does not exist.", "Researching this solution requires complicated processes and equipment, and your conditions are not available.", "After this solution is developed, what container do you plan to use to hold it?"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13544, "answer": 2, "text": "A new computer system will not significantly increase an organization' s efficiency unless the computer system requires the organization' s employees to adopt new, more productive ways of working. The Ministry of Transportation is having a new computer system custom built to fit the ministry' s existing ways of working, so__", "question": "Which one of the following most logically completes the argument?", "options": ["the new computer system will be worthwhile if it automates many processes that are currently performed manually", "it will be easy for employees of the Ministry of Transportation to learn to use the new computer system", "the new computer system will not increase the efficiency of the Ministry of Transportation to any appreciable degree", "the leaders of the Ministry of Transportation must not be concerned with the productivity of the ministry's employees"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8866, "answer": 1, "text": "The coach of a provincial go team selects four of the seven players E, F, G, H, J, K and M to participate in the professional league. The selection must meet the following conditions: one of E or F will participate, but not both. One of J or K participates, but not both. If J participates, G participates. M will not participate unless F participates.", "question": "Which of the followings will definitely take part in the competition?", "options": ["F or M, or both.", "H or G, or both.", "G or H, or both.", "J or M, or both."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6303, "answer": 1, "text": "Academic evaluation is often intertwined with various subjective and objective complex factors. Because academic evaluation is often affected by the evaluation subjects' academic views, emotional tendencies, values and other factors, people tend to rely on quantitative data for evaluation. In fact, the evaluation significance contained in this kind of data is reflected by clickers, downloaders and citators. Over reliance on such data is to regard the producer of quantitative data as the evaluation subject.", "question": "Which one of the followings is the main idea of the above?", "options": ["The evaluation system based on quantitative indicators is controversial.", "We should not rely too much on quantitative data in academic evaluation.", "Correct academic evaluation needs a long historical process.", "The academic evaluation that can stand the test of practice is reliable."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3542, "answer": 0, "text": "Seven people in red, orange, yellow, green, blue, cyan, and purple stand in a row. The teacher asks the seven people to report the number one by one. The students with multiples should stand behind the two students behind them in turn from front to back; finally, the students with multiples of 4 should stand at the top of the team, and purple student should stand in the middle of the team to form a new team.", "question": "Which of the following options can be inferred?", "options": ["There are two people between red and orange", "There are two people between yellow and green", "blue is now seventh in the team", "cyan is now fifth in the team"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11024, "answer": 1, "text": "Environmental organizations want to preserve the land surrounding the Wilgrinn Wilderness Area from residential development. They plan to do this by purchasing that land from the farmers who own it. <b> That plan is ill-conceived </b>: if the farmers did sell their land, they would sell it to the highest bidder, and developers would outbid any other bidders. On the other hand, these farmers will never actually sell any of the land, provided that farming it remains viable. But farming will not remain viable if the farms are left unmodernized, and most of the farmers lack the financial resources modernization requires. And that is exactly why <b> a more sensible preservation strategy would be to the farmers to modernize their farms to the extent needed to maintain viability </b>.", "question": "In the reasoning above, the two boldface portions play which of the following roles?", "options": ["The first is the main conclusion toward which the reasoning is directed; the second presents a strategy that is called sensible but for which no support is offered.", "The first is the conclusion reached about one strategy for attaining a certain goal; the second presents the strategy that the reasoning advocates.", "The first assesses the goal held by certain environmental organizations; the second presents the goal that the reasoning concludes should be adopted instead.", "The first is the main conclusion toward which the reasoning is directed; the second is a consideration raised in order to support that conclusion."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14160, "answer": 2, "text": "It is a principle of economics that a nation can experience economic growth only when consumer confidence is balanced with a small amount of consumer skepticism.", "question": "Which one of the following is an application of the economic principle above?", "options": ["Any nation in which consumer confidence is balanced with a small amount of consumer skepticism will experience economic growth.", "Any nation in which the prevailing attitude of consumers is not skepticism will experience economic growth.", "Any nation in which the prevailing attitude of consumers is exclusively confidence will not experience economic growth.", "Any nation in which the prevailing attitude of consumers is either exclusively confidence or exclusively skepticism will experience economic growth."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14664, "answer": 2, "text": "Last summer, after a number of people got sick from eating locally caught anchovies, the coastal city of San Martin advised against eating such anchovies. The anchovies were apparently tainted with domoic acid, a harmful neurotoxin. However, a dramatic drop in the population of P. australis plankton to numbers more normal for local coastal waters indicates that it is once again safe to eat locally caught anchovies.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, would most help to explain why it is now safe to lift the advisory?", "options": ["Scientists have used P. australis plankton to obtain domoic acid in the laboratory.", "A sharp decline in the population of P. australis is typically mirrored by a corresponding drop in the local anchovy population.", "P. australis naturally produces domoic acid, though anchovies consume enough to become toxic only when the population of P. australis is extraordinarily large.", "P. australis cannot survive in large numbers in seawater that does not contain significant quantities of domoic acid along with numerous other compounds."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10136, "answer": 1, "text": "Real estate developers in a city can only raise more development funds through direct loans from banks or through the pre-sale of commercial housing. The government does not allow banks to increase direct loans to the real estate industry.As a result, the city's real estate developers are unable to raise more development funds. Because _", "question": "Which of the following options can logically complete the above argument?", "options": ["Some real estate developers absconded with money after pre-selling commercial housing, which made it impossible for the project to be completed.", "The central bank abolished the system of pre-sale of commercial housing.", "Construction companies are unwilling to advance money to build houses.", "Some developers delay the delivery of houses after the sale of houses, which makes many buyers have doubts about the developers."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7768, "answer": 2, "text": "A unit must select 3 from the 6 staff members of A, B, C, D, E, and A to participate in the Provincial Vocational Skills Competition. 4 judges respectively put forward their own opinions: (1) At least among A and C Choose one person; (2) Choose at least one person out of B and E; (3) Choose at most one person out of B and C; (4) Choose at most one person out of A and D. Later, I learned that E cannot be due to illness. Participated, and the opinions of the above 4 judges have been respected.", "question": "Based on the above information, which of the following is the contestant selected by the unit?", "options": ["A, B, C", "A, B, D", "A, B, F", "C, D, F"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1990, "answer": 3, "text": "M City made public the work of issuing shares for the first time in more than 20 years, with a total of eight companies listed. To this end, a newspaper in M City investigated more than 5000 people on the issue of stock issuance. The results show that the non-investors in the public have a moderate evaluation of the offering prices of the eight companies, and the above people do not make an evaluation because they have no stock speculation experience. Obviously, more than 1/5 of investors think that the stock offering price is on the high side and that the low one is close to zero, but this should be regarded as more natural, and most people who buy things tend to think that things are expensive. Old investors also think that the price of new shares is on the high side.", "question": "Which of the following options can be inferred from the above words?", "options": ["The issuing price of the stock is on the high side, so there are very few buyers.", "The reasons why the old investors choose not to buy new shares.", "Among the public, non-shareholders have a moderate evaluation of the price of new shares and may consider buying.", "Most people in the city know very little about stocks."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9917, "answer": 3, "text": "Only unwise people spoke ill of the people of Dongshan County in front of Dong Jia, and Shi Fei, a friend of Dong Jia, spoke ill of Xi Jia in front of Dong Jia. But what is puzzling is that Dong Jia's friends are very wise people.", "question": "According to the above statement, which of the followings can be inferred?", "options": ["Shi Fei is unwise.", "Shi Fei is not from Dongshan County.", "Xi Jia is a friend of Dong Jia.", "Xi Jia is not from Dongshan County."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3143, "answer": 3, "text": "The government should not allow tobacco companies to deduct advertising expenses from their operating income. In this way, tobacco companies will pay more taxes. They have to raise the price of their products, which can reduce tobacco purchase.", "question": "Which of the followings is the premise of the above conclusion?", "options": ["Due to the need to pay more taxes, tobacco companies will no longer continue to advertise or reduce their investment in advertising", "If tobacco companies do not advertise, their sales will decline", "The increased taxes of tobacco companies are equal to the part of profits increased by the rise of product prices", "It is impossible for tobacco companies to reduce other costs to offset the overpayment of taxes"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12118, "answer": 3, "text": "Research indicates that 90 percent of extreme insomniacs consume large amount of coffee. Since Tom drinks a lot of coffee, it is quite likely that he is an extreme insomniac.", "question": "Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the argument's reasoning?", "options": ["It draws an inference about one specific individual from evidence that describes only the characteristics of a class of individuals", "It fails to consider the possible contribution to extreme insomnia of other causes of insomnia besides coffee.", "It fails to acknowledge the possibility that Tom is among the 10 percent of people who drink large amounts of coffee who are not extreme insomniacs.", "It relies on evidence that does not indicate the frequency of extreme insomnia among people who drink large amounts of coffee."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11050, "answer": 3, "text": "To prevent a newly built dam on the Chiff River from blocking the route of fish migrating to breeding grounds upstream, the dam includes a fish pass, a mechanism designed to allow fish through the dam. Before the construction of the dam and fish pass, several thousand fish a day swam upriver during spawning season. But in the first season after the project' s completion, only 300 per day made the journey. Clearly, the fish pass is defective.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?", "options": ["On other rivers in the region, the construction of dams with fish passes has led to only small decreases in the number of fish migrating upstream.", "During spawning season, the dam releases sufficient water for migratory fish below the dam to swim upstream.", "Populations of migratory fish in the Chiff River have been declining slightly over the last 20 years.", "The construction of the dam stirred up potentially toxic river sediments that were carried downstream."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4684, "answer": 1, "text": "Low price dumping refers to the behavior that operators sell goods at a price lower than the cost for the purpose of crowding out competitors.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following is low price dumping?", "options": ["Spring is coming. A clothing store sells winter clothes at a low price.", "In order to occupy the leather bag market, a store sold leather bags at a price lower than the purchase price.", "The computers of a bankrupt home appliance company were sold at a low price.", "A furniture store deals with the long-term backlog of furniture at a low price."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1610, "answer": 2, "text": "Lu Xun wrote with grief and indignation: It's not the young who write commemorations for the old, but in the past 30 years, I have witnessed the blood of many young people, silting up layers by layers, burying me so that I can't breathe. I can only use such pen and ink to write a few articles, which can be regarded as digging a small hole from the soil and extending my mouth to the stump. What kind of world is this?", "question": "Which of the following is not accurate in the understanding of the word extending mouth to the stump above?", "options": ["It reflects Lu Xun's selfless and fearless spirit of bravery in the war of resistance against Japan.", "It reflects Lu Xun's helplessness that he can only write articles to commemorate the dead youth.", "It reflects that Mr. Lu Xun is in an extremely dangerous and repressive environment.", "It reflects Mr. Lu Xun's sad and angry mood and the spirit of fighting hard against Japan."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5749, "answer": 2, "text": "Research on the Earth's glaciers found that when the volcanoes under the glaciers start to erupt, they will quickly produce steam streams, explosively penetrate the ice layer, release ash into the upper air, and produce zeolite, sulfide and clay. Recently, people have discovered that these minerals have also been detected on some round flat-topped hills on the surface of Mars, and they are widely and abundantly present. Therefore, it is speculated that the early Mars was covered with ice sheets, where there had been more volcanic activities.", "question": "To get the above conclusion, which of the following premise that needs to be added?", "options": ["Recently, the Mars Reconnaissance Image Spectrometer found that there are volcanoes in the South Pole of Mars.", "The geological activities of Mars are not active, and most of the surface landforms were formed in the relatively active period of ancient times.", "The three types of zeolite, sulfide and clay are unique substances that are only produced after volcanic activity under glaciers.", "Some ancient bacteria were found in the rocks of the flat-topped hills of Mars, indicating that there was probably a water source here."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3402, "answer": 2, "text": "Only cadres study law. I'm not a cadre, so I don't have to study law.", "question": "Which of the following is the most similar to the above reasoning structure?", "options": ["If you don't pass the exam, you don't get into the Nanjing University. Zhang entered the Nanjing University, so he passed the exam.", "As long as you pass the exam, you'll be admitted to the Nanjing University. Zhang failed the exam, so he couldn't get into the Nanjing University.", "Only those who pass the exam will be admitted to the Nanjing University. Zhang failed the exam, so he couldn't get into the Nanjing University.", "Only those who pass the exam will be admitted to the Nanjing University. Zhang passed the exam, so he could study at the Nanjing University."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8995, "answer": 0, "text": "Energy-saving lamps require less electricity and are more power-saving. Therefore, if people only use energy-saving lamps and do not use ordinary incandescent lamps that consume a lot of electricity, it will save a lot of electricity bills.", "question": "Which of the following options is the hypothesis on which the above argument depends?", "options": ["The brightness of energy-saving lamps is at least as bright as that of ordinary incandescent lamps.", "People can reduce environmental pollution by using less electricity.", "People always want to reduce electricity bills, water rate and so on.", "Energy-saving lamps are no cheaper than ordinary incandescent lamps."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9111, "answer": 0, "text": "There are 6 pieces of blue and white porcelain: S, Y, M, Q, K, X. The age of each piece is different, and the exhibition is sorted from the earliest to the latest from left to right. The known conditions are as follows: (1) the age of M is earlier than that of X. (2) if the age of Y is earlier than that of M, then the age of Q is earlier than that of K and X. (3) if the age of M is earlier than that of Y, then the age of K is earlier than that of Q and X. (4) the age of S is either earlier than Y or M, and it can't have both.", "question": "If the age of Y is the second earliest, which of the following options may be true?", "options": ["The age of K is earlier than that of S.", "The age of K is earlier than that of Q.", "The age of M is earlier than that of S.", "The age of M is earlier than that of Y."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11001, "answer": 1, "text": "Doctor: The practice of using this therapy to treat the illness cannot be adequately supported by the claim that any therapy for treating the illness is more effective than no therapy at all. What must also be taken into account is that this therapy is expensive and complicated.", "question": "Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main point of the doctor's argument?", "options": ["The therapy is more effective than other forms of treatment for the illness.", "The therapy's possible effectiveness in treating the illness is not sufficient justification for using it.", "The therapy is more expensive and complicated than other forms of treatment for the illness.", "The therapy should not be used to treat the illness unless it is either effective or inexpensive."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12051, "answer": 0, "text": "A common genetic mutation that lowers levels of the enzyme cathepsin C severely reduces a person' s ability to ward off periodontitis, or gum disease. The enzyme triggers immunological reactions that destroy diseased cells and eliminate infections in the mouth. But researchers are developing ways to restore the enzyme to normal levels. Once that happens, we will be able to eliminate periodontitis.", "question": "Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?", "options": ["A person whose cathepsin C level has been restored to normal will not suffer from periodontitis.", "Genetic mutation is the only cause of lowered levels of cathepsin C.", "Researchers will soon succeed in finding means of restoring cathepsin C to normal levels.", "Persons who do not have the genetic mutation that lowers levels of cathepsin C do not get gum disease."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5874, "answer": 1, "text": "In 2018, the number of college graduates across the country will reach 8.2 million, a new record high. In order to grab talents, many cities have introduced new policies to attract talents. According to a survey conducted by the media, when answering the question Where do you want to work?, 60% of respondents choose second-tier cities, 30% choose first-tier cities, and only 10% choose third-tier cities. This is mainly based on the comprehensive consideration of living cost, employment opportunities and development space. 80.53% of respondents consider housing price and other living costs as the main consideration. To put it more bluntly, it is difficult to live in first-tier cities, so college students are 'preferred second-tier cities' for employment.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, can best support the above discussion?", "options": ["First-tier cities have strong economic vitality and have more development opportunities", "Considering the cost of living and development opportunities, second-tier cities are more popular with graduates", "Judging from the current situation, the economic vitality of third- and fourth-tier cities is insufficient and development opportunities are limited", "High housing prices make graduates afraid of first-tier cities"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6451, "answer": 2, "text": "Don't try to be quick for a walk, but also have fun and enjoy it. There are geese flying across the sky, flowers around, bees and butterflies lightly, regardless of the fast pace such as flying, go forward bravely? Bowing your head and leaning up is all fun, so you mustn't be dismissive. You don't have to stipulate how far you go for a walk, and don't stop until you reach the target; don't give people the impression that you are climbing over mountains to occupy the highlands, or you are not sick, fast or slow, or careless.", "question": "Which of the following is the main feature of this text describing walking?", "options": ["The most important thing to take a walk is to relax", "Walking is an effective way to keep fit", "Walking is an important way to cultivate interest", "The most important thing in walking is to show the true nature of freedom"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8820, "answer": 3, "text": "Xiao Qiang and Xiao Gang are two brothers. Xiao Qiang's study time is longer than Xiao Gang's, and Xiao Qiang's reading is also more than Xiao Gang's.", "question": "Based on the above, which one of the following options can be determined to be true?", "options": ["Xiao Qiang's knowledge is richer than Xiao Gang's.", "Xiao Qiang is smarter than Xiao Gang.", "Xiao Qiang is better at arranging life than Xiao Qiang", "The information in the above is not enough to compare Xiao Qiang and Xiao Gang in other aspects."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10357, "answer": 0, "text": "Studies have shown that for most people with normal blood pressure, eating more than any amount of sodium the body needs can be smoothly excreted without significantly raising blood pressure. Therefore, only those with high blood pressure and those whose bodies cannot safely handle excess sodium need to limit their sodium intake.", "question": "Which of the following options, if true, would most strongly weaken the above argument?", "options": ["Eating too much sodium can sometimes damage the body's ability to handle excess sodium.", "Hypertension is sometimes exacerbated by eating more sodium than the body needs.", "Anyone needs a certain amount of sodium in order to maintain the normal physiological function of the body.", "Eating more sodium than the body needs will raise blood pressure unless it is excreted out of the body."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2858, "answer": 3, "text": "In a factory, there is an employee dormitory with 7 people A, B, C, D, E, F, J and G, each of whom needs to be on duty one day in turn every week, and only one person is arranged to be on duty every day. The arrangement of their duty also needs to meet the following conditions :(1) B is on duty on Tuesday or Saturday; (2) If A is on duty on Monday, then C is on duty on Wednesday and E is on duty on Friday; (3) If A is not on duty on Monday, then he is on duty on Thursday and G on duty on Friday; (4) If B is on duty on Tuesday, he is on duty on Saturday.", "question": "If H is on Thursday, which of the following must be false?", "options": ["C is on duty Wednesday.", "A is on duty on Monday.", "G is on duty on Tuesday.", "E on duty Sunday."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4344, "answer": 0, "text": "Administrative leadership, as a kind of behavior, refers to the process of dominating, leading and guiding the leader under a certain administrative environment in order to achieve certain administrative goals.", "question": "Which of the followings belongs to the executive leadership?", "options": ["The tax bureau called on taxpayers to make online declarations.", "An agency established an information center to recruit university graduates.", "The union organizes everyone to participate in tree planting activities.", "Documents exchanged between government agencies."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1703, "answer": 2, "text": "Red tourism is an innovative way to strengthen and improve patriotism education, revolutionary tradition education, civic moral education, minors' ideological and moral construction and college students' ideological and political education in the new era. Red tourism, red is the connotation, resources, characteristics, brand, tourism is the essence, that is, red tourism in essence is a tourism activity, but can not be directly equated with patriotism education, revolutionary tradition education.", "question": "Which of the following does the text mean to tell us?", "options": ["Red tourism has strong political, economic and cultural functions", "Red tourism has become an important political and cultural project", "Red tourism has a strong political function, but the most important is its tourism function", "Red tourism can closely combine tourism with economic development"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9541, "answer": 3, "text": "Although footprint fossils can not preserve the complete morphology of organisms like solid fossils, we can analyze the general morphological and behavioral characteristics of organisms from footprint fossils. In other words, when there is a lack of direct evidence, we can only use indirect evidence-footprint fossils to speculate about the environment, which animals left footprints, whether they have complex animal behavior and so on. Therefore, during the transition period from Precambrian to Cambrian, footprint fossils are particularly important.", "question": "Which of the following premises is necessary for the establishment of the above conclusion?", "options": ["At present, there are more footprint fossils found in the transition period from Precambrian to Cambrian than physical fossils", "The footprint fossils of the transition period from Precambrian to Cambrian are of more research value than physical fossils", "At present, the footprint fossils found in the transition period from Precambrian to Cambrian are rarer than those in other periods", "During the transition period from Precambrian to Cambrian, the preserved animal fossils are very rare"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13783, "answer": 2, "text": "The recent concert was probably not properly promoted. Wells, who is quite knowledgeable about the concert business, was certain that it would sell out unless it was poorly promoted. But the concert did not sell out.", "question": "The pattern of reasoning in which one of the following is most similar to that in the argument above?", "options": ["Professor Willis, who is quite knowledgeable about organic chemistry, said that the sample probably did not contain any organic compounds. So, the sample probably is not labeled correctly, for if it were, it would contain organic compounds.", "The builder said that the school's roof would not require repairs for years, unless it is damaged in a storm. The roof is already leaking. Thus, since there have been no major storms, the builder was probably wrong.", "My neighbor, who is an experienced home renovator, said the damage to the wall would not be noticeable if it were properly repaired. Thus, the repair to the wall probably was not properly done, since one can still notice the damage.", "Dr. Smith, a well-trained cardiologist, said the patient would probably survive the heart transplant if it were performed by a highly skilled surgeon. Thus, since the patient did not survive the surgery, it probably was not properly performed."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8862, "answer": 2, "text": "Six scholars, F, G, J, L, M and N, will speak at a logical conference, which will be arranged according to the following conditions: (1) each speaker will speak only once, and there will be only one speaker at a time. (2) three speakers spoke before lunch and the other three spoke after lunch. (3) G must speak before lunch. (IV) only one speaker is between M and N. (5) F speaks in the first or third place.", "question": "If L speaks before lunch and M is not the sixth speaker, which of the following options is the next speaker after M?", "options": ["F.", "J.", "G.", "N."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1397, "answer": 3, "text": "At present, the standard of the minimum living security line implemented in our country is different. In many underdeveloped areas, it is 50 yuan or 60 yuan per person per month. In a certain place, the news report also takes raising the minimum living security level to 50 yuan per month as a sign of political achievements. Of course, the price level and living index are very different in different places, but in today's China, even though the minimum security line in many developed cities is more than 300 yuan per month, it is still difficult for low-income households to make ends meet, so it is not difficult to imagine the hardship of 50 yuan a month.", "question": "Which of the following is the content that this text is meant to emphasize?", "options": ["There are different standards for the minimum living security line in China", "In some places, raising the level of minimum living security is used as an indicator of political performance", "The standard of minimum living security line in developed areas is lower", "The standard of minimum living security line in less developed areas is lower"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5023, "answer": 1, "text": "It is impossible to hope to bring more convenience to life through the Cloud serviceof information technology, but at the same time do not want to bear the risk of personal information being leaked.", "question": "Which of the following best describes the situation described in the passage?", "options": ["It is possible for someone to enjoy the conveniences of the cloud without the risk of personal information leaking.", "Either choose not to use the cloud service, or choose to take the risk of personal information being leaked. It's inevitable.", "It is possible not to risk the leak of personal information if you do not use the cloud service.", "It is inevitable that no one wants to risk the leak of personal information."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10885, "answer": 1, "text": "Journalists agree universally that lying is absolutely taboo. Yet, while many reporters claim that spoken words ought to be quoted verbatim, many others believe that tightening a quote from a person who is interviewed is legitimate on grounds that the speaker' s remarks would have been more concise if the speaker had written them instead. Also, many reporters believe that, to expose wrongdoing, failing to identify oneself as a reporter is permissible, while others condemn such behavior as a type of lying.", "question": "Which one of the following is most supported by the information above?", "options": ["Since lying is permissible in some situations, reporters are mistaken to think that it is absolutely taboo.", "Reporters disagree on what sort of behavior qualifies as lying.", "There is no correct answer to the question of whether lying in a given situation is right or wrong.", "Omission of the truth is the same thing as lying."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1580, "answer": 2, "text": "In the Internet age, people are constantly sharing and communicating in the digital world because they want to prove their existence, but in fact, this desire for connection is not so much a cure as a disease.It expresses our anxiety of being afraid of loneliness, but it does not solve the problem. On the contrary, it makes us more isolated from the outside world. At the same time, we have lost the ability to be alone, and this solitude allows us to focus on thinking and find ourselves.When you find yourself, you can have a better connection with others at the same time.", "question": "Which of the following can express the meaning of this passage?", "options": ["You can only find yourself alone", "In modern society, people are more afraid of loneliness", "Learn to be alone, otherwise you will be more lonely", "Modern digital media makes people lose their ability to be alone"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 15094, "answer": 1, "text": "Economist: No economic system that is centrally planned can efficiently allocate resources, and efficient allocation of resources is a necessary condition for achieving a national debt of less than 5 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). It follows that any nation with a centrally planned economy has a national debt that is at least 5 percent of GDP.", "question": "The pattern of reasoning exhibited by the economist's argument is most similar to that exhibited by which one of the following?", "options": ["Every mutual fund manager knows someone who trades on inside information, and no one who trades on inside information is unknown to every mutual fund manager. One must conclude that no mutual fund manager is unknown to everyone who trades on inside information.", "All of the rural districts are free of major air pollution problems because such problems occur only where there is a large concentration of automobiles, and there are no such places in the rural districts.", "All rock stars who are famous have their own record companies, and all rock stars with their own record companies receive company profits over and above their regular royalties. This implies that receiving large regular royalties is a necessary condition of being a famous rock star.", "All of the ungulates are herbivores, and most herbivores would not attack a human being. It follows that any animal that would attack a human being is unlikely to be an ungulate."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13113, "answer": 0, "text": "Psychiatrist: Breaking any habit is difficult, especially when it involves an addictive substance. People who break a habit are more likely to be motivated by immediate concerns than by long-term ones. Ttherefore, people who succeed in breaking their addiction to smoking cigarettes are more likely to be motivated by the social pressure against smoking -- which is an immediate concern -- than by health concerns, since __.", "question": "The conclusion of the psychiatrist's argument is most strongly supported if which one of the following completes the argument?", "options": ["for most people who successfully quit smoking, smoking does not create an immediate health concern at the time they quit", "most people who succeed in quitting smoking succeed only after several attempts", "a habit that involves an addictive substance is likely to pose a greater health threat than a habit that does not involve any addictive substance", "some courses of action that exacerbate health concerns can also relieve social pressure"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6440, "answer": 1, "text": "One view is that if a country can operate its economy effectively, it must be able to create wealth and become rich; and if such a country wants to maintain political stability, the wealth it creates must be fairly distributed; and the fair distribution of wealth will reduce economic risks, but the existence of economic risks is an indispensable prerequisite for the effective operation of the economy.", "question": "Which of the following options has a correct understanding of this passage?", "options": ["It is impossible for a country to be politically stable and economically rich at the same time", "It is impossible for a country to have political stability and effective economic operation at the same time.", "The economic operation of a rich country must be efficient", "In a country where the economy is inefficient, wealth is bound to be fairly distributed"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14201, "answer": 0, "text": "Some scientists have expressed reservations about quantum theory because of its counterintuitive consequences. But despite rigorous attempts to show that quantum theory' s predictions were inaccurate, they were shown to be accurate within the generally accepted statistical margin of error. These results, which have not been equaled by quantum theory' s competitors, warrant acceptance of quantum theory.", "question": "Which one of the following principles most helps to justify the reasoning above?", "options": ["A scientific theory should be accepted if it has been subjected to serious attempts to disprove it and has withstood all of them.", "The consequences of a scientific theory should not be considered counterintuitive if the theory's predictions have been found to be accurate.", "A scientific theory should be accepted if it has fewer counterintuitive consequences than do its competitors.", "A theory should be accepted only if its predictions have not been disproved by experiment."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11898, "answer": 0, "text": "Planetary bodies differ from one another in their composition, but most of those in the Solar System have solid surfaces. Unless the core of such a planetary body generates enough heat to cause volcanic action, the surface of the body will not be renewed for millions of years. Any planetary body with a solid surface whose surface is not renewed for millions of years becomes heavily pockmarked by meteorite craters, just like the Earth' s Moon. Some old planetary bodies in the Solar System, such as Europa, a very cold moon belonging to Jupiter, have solid icy surfaces with very few meteorite craters.", "question": "If the claims above are true, which one of the following must, on the basis of them, be true?", "options": ["Some very cold planetary bodies have cores that generate enough heat to cause volcanic action.", "Some of Jupiter's moons are heavily pockmarked by meteorite craters.", "Some planetary bodies whose cores generate enough heat to cause volcanic action do not have solid icy surfaces.", "If a planetary body does not have a heavily pockmarked surface, its core does not generate enough heat to cause volcanic action."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 333, "answer": 3, "text": "1.Xiao Zhang is one of the senior employees of Pepsi-Cola Company in China. 2.It is possible that Xiao Zhang only drinks Coca-Cola.", "question": "In the above, a premise implied by the statement of 2. is: ()", "options": ["Pepsi is a branch of Coca-Cola", "Xiao Zhang is an unimportant employee of the Coca-Cola Company", "The two coke tastes very similar", "Generally, all senior employees only drink their own company's products"], "type": {}}
{"id": 7961, "answer": 2, "text": "The Russian antivirus software provider Kaspersky Lab announced on June 15 that an international virus writing team named 29a has recently created the world's first virus that can be transmitted between mobile phones. Kaspersky Lab said that on the 15th, the 29a team sent the code of the worm called Kabil to some anti-virus vendors, who confirmed that the virus has the function of spreading between mobile phones.", "question": "This paragraph of text is used as news in a newspaper. Which of the following is the most suitable for the title of this paragraph?", "options": ["Kabir worm was born in Russia", "New contributions from the 29a International Virus Writing Group", "The world's first virus spreading between mobile phones was born", "Anti-virus manufacturers confirm that viruses can be transmitted between mobile phones"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12205, "answer": 3, "text": "Unless the building permit is obtained by February 1 of this year or some of the other activities necessary for construction of the new library can be completed in less time than originally planned, the new library will not be completed on schedule. It is now clear that the building permit cannot be obtained by February 1, so the new library will not be completed on schedule.", "question": "The conclusion drawn follows logically from the premises if which one of the following is assumed?", "options": ["The officials in charge of construction of the new library have admitted that it probably will not be completed on schedule.", "It is not possible to convince authorities to allow construction of the library to begin before the building permit is obtained.", "The application for a building permit was rejected the first time it was submitted, and it had to be resubmitted with a revised building plan.", "All of the other activities necessary for construction of the library will take at least as much time as originally planned."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 319, "answer": 2, "text": "Researchers studied DNA from 1.1 million people and came up with a scoring system. The system can be used to detect someone's DNA to roughly predict someone's education level. It turns out that only 10% of those with the lowest genetic scores. In contrast, those with a genetic score in the top five have a 50% chance of graduating from college. This is the largest study of human cognitive genetics in history. Based on this, some people believe that there is a great connection between human genes and academic qualifications.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, would most call these people's views into question?", "options": ["Among the 1.1 million people who are studied, sampling shows that less than 30% are college graduates.", "Among the subjects who graduated from college, more than 50% of them had one of their parents who are college graduates.", "Among the 1.1 million people who are studied, more than 60% are college graduates.", "People with the most centered genetic scores also have a 40% chance of graduating from college."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5312, "answer": 1, "text": "In the market, there are two brands of batteries of the same model. The price of the battery of brand A is 10% lower than that of brand B, and the former sells better than the latter. But the testing shows that the service life of the battery of brand B is 15% longer than that of brand A, but brand A sells better. The reason is that consumers do not know the difference in service life between the two batteries. In this way, in a competitive market, inefficient products that should have been produced less are produced more. This shows that incomplete information can lead to market failure.", "question": "From the above, which of the followings can be inferred?", "options": ["When consumers have insufficient product information and the market cannot play an effective role in resource allocation, government intervention is required.", "The manufacturer should indicate the composition, function and production date of the product on its label.", "Consumers can only make correct shopping decisions when they fully obtain the relevant information about the product and understand the true value of it.", "The anti-unfair competition law and consumer rights protection law should be improved."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14063, "answer": 0, "text": "According to sources who can be expected to know, Dr. Maria Esposito is going to run in the mayoral election. But if Dr. Esposito runs, Jerome Krasman will certainly not run against her. Ttherefore Dr. Esposito will be the only candidate in the election.", "question": "The flawed reasoning in the argument above most closely parallels that in which one of the following?", "options": ["The press release says that the rock group Rollercoaster is playing a concert on Saturday. It won't be playing on Friday if it plays on Saturday. So Saturday will be the only day this week on which Rollercoaster will perform.", "According to its management, Brown's Stores will move next year. Without Brown's being present, no new large store can be attracted to the downtown area. Ttherefore the downtown area will no longer be viable as a shopping district.", "An informant says that Rustimann was involved in the bank robbery. If Rustimann was involved, Jones was certainly not involved. Since these two are the only people who could have been involved, Rustimann is the only person the police need to arrest.", "Joshua says the interviewing panel was impressed by Marilyn. But if they were impressed by Marilyn, they probably thought less of Sven. Joshua is probably right, and so Sven will probably not get the job."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 127, "answer": 3, "text": "An animal protection organization in Country M is trying to change the long-standing perception of bats as a terrifying animal. The organization argues that bats are scary and upsetting just because they hide whenever they see people and only active at night.", "question": "Which of the following, if correct, will raise the most serious doubts about the accuracy of the organization's arguments?", "options": ["Bats gradually lost their natural habitats, such as caves and hollow trees, so they gradually went to more densely populated areas to find habitats", "People know more about the behavior of other very terrifying animals such as lions, alligators and snakes than about the behavior of bats", "In other areas outside of Country M, bats are also regarded as a terrifying animal", "Raccoons and owls also avoid people whenever they see people, and they are only active at night, but generally they are not scary and upsetting"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3246, "answer": 3, "text": "A company recruitment when there are Zhang san, Li shi, Wang wu, Zhao liu, Qian qi five people shortlisted. From the educational background, there are 2 masters and 3 phds, and from the sex, 3 men and 2 women. It is known that Li shi and Wang Wu are of the same sex, while Zhao liu and Qian qi are of different sexes; Li shi and Qian qi have the same educational background, but Wang wu and Zhao liu have different educational background. In the end, only one female master applied successfully.", "question": "Which of the following infers that the successful candidate is ?", "options": ["Zhang san", "Li shi", "Wang wu", "Zhao liu"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3480, "answer": 0, "text": "A student cheated in the exam and was found by the invigilator of the college. If the teacher reported the matter to the school, the student will be expelled from the school; If the student is expelled, the college's year-end assessment will be rejected by one vote. If the teacher does not report the matter to the school, the student's cheating in the exam will become more and more serious.", "question": "Which of the followings can be infered", "options": ["If the college's year-end assessment is not rejected by one vote, the phenomenon of students cheating in the examination will become more and more serious", "If the college's year-end assessment is rejected by one vote, cheating will not become more and more serious", "If the student is expelled, the teacher has reported the matter to the school", "If cheating becomes more and more serious, it means that the student has not been expelled"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4516, "answer": 2, "text": "The governance of climate warming should be to find a way for carbon dioxide, not just to reduce emissions or simply bury it.For this reason, scientists put forward the concept of futannongye. After capturing the carbon dioxide produced by human activities, especially industrial production, it will be released in a small confined artificial climate at a concentration several times higher than the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere, and use relevant science and technology to create a highly efficient photosynthetic environment that will greatly increasing the yield of agricultural and forestry crops.Scientists believe that the futannongye will be an important way to solve the problem of climate warming.", "question": "Which of the following statements, if true, would best support the scientists' conclusions?", "options": ["Traditional agriculture requires land in the sun, and futannongye is exempt from this restriction.", "Man-made climate zones are hard pressed to use sunlight efficiently to facilitate photosynthesis.", "Modern technology can realize the capture, transportation and release of carbon dioxide in confined places at a lower cost.", "The futannongye can use saline-alkali land, desert land, desert land and so on to solve the problem of land shortage."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7050, "answer": 1, "text": "Put the happiness sensor on the surface of the human body or implanted into the human body, and the happiness index of people every moment can be measured through various indicators. No happiness sensor will be perfect, and there is no need. The thermometer was also very inaccurate when it was invented, but with the passage of time, the design of the thermometer has become increasingly refined, and it is now an indispensable commodity. Scientists believe that happiness Sensors will follow a similar evolutionary process. Although they will always have a certain degree of uncertainty in assessing people's psychological state, wearable sensors are more low-key and easier to use than traditional tools to measure happiness.", "question": "Is this passage intended to emphasize that?", "options": ["No happiness sensor can be perfect", "Happiness sensor will become an indispensable commodity", "Happiness sensor will develop towards high precision", "Human beings do not need perfect happiness sensors"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6394, "answer": 2, "text": "Public shaming of students, as a cold and punitive experience, develops students' feelings of inferiority, hatred and even social aggression, and impinges on self-esteem, trust and a sense of belonging. A public humiliation is a trample on human dignity, and repeated humiliation experience will lead to the loss of personal dignity. And the most important values of human society -- love, morality, citizenship and social cohesion -- depend on recognition and appreciation of the dignity of oneself and of others.", "question": "Which of the following misinterpretations of the material?", "options": ["Public shaming can be very damaging to young minds", "The recognition and appreciation of self and the dignity of others will highlight the most important values of human society", "Students have the tendency of inferiority, hatred and even social aggression, and will turn to crime", "Repeated public humiliation of students will result in loss of personal dignity"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10030, "answer": 0, "text": "Since 1997, Hong Kong has fallen into a relatively serious economic recession. In this year, Hong Kong began to implement one country, two systems policy. Some people claim that it is one country, two systems that caused Hong Kong's economic recession.", "question": "Which of the following options is most relevant for refuting the above?", "options": ["If two things happen at the same time or successively, can we determine that there is a causal relationship between them?", "Why did Taiwan, Singapore, South Korea and the United States also experience economic recession during this period?", "What Chinese mainland economy is booming?", "Why did Britain, which used to control Hong Kong, also had a bad economic situation during this period?"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11896, "answer": 1, "text": "A recent study confirms that nutritious breakfasts make workers more productive. For one month, workers at Plant A received free nutritious breakfasts every day before work, while workers in Plant B did not. The productivity of Plant A' s workers increased, while that of Plant B' s workers did not.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?", "options": ["Workers from Plant A took fewer vacation days per capita during the month than did workers from Plant B.", "Few workers in Plant B consumed nutritious breakfasts during the month of the study.", "Workers in Plant B were more productive during the month of the study than were workers from Plant A.", "During the month before the study, workers at Plant A and Plant B were equally productive."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11925, "answer": 0, "text": "Essayist: Computers have the capacity to represent and to perform logical transformations on pieces of information. Since exactly the same applies to the human mind, the human mind is a type of computer.", "question": "The flawed pattern of reasoning in which one of the following most closely resembles the flawed pattern of reasoning in the essayist's argument?", "options": ["In any organism, the proper functioning of each component depends upon the proper functioning of every other component. Thus, communities belong to the category of organisms, since communities are invariably characterized by this same interdependence of components.", "Often individual animals sacrifice their lives when the survival of their offspring or close relatives is threatened. It is probable, ttherefore, that there is a biological basis for the fact that human beings are similarly often willing to sacrifice their own well-being for the good of their community.", "In the plastic arts, such as sculpture or painting, no work can depend for its effectiveness upon a verbal narrative that explains it. Since the same can be said of poetry, we cannot consider this characteristic as a reasonable criterion for distinguishing the plastic arts from other arts.", "Friendship often involves obligations whose fulfillment can be painful or burdensome. The same can be said of various forms of cooperation that cannot strictly be called friendship. Thus cooperation, like friendship, can require that priority be given to goals other than mere self-interest."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 564, "answer": 2, "text": "Administrative punishment refers to administrative sanctions imposed by administrative agencies on citizens, legal persons or other organizations that constitute administrative violations.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following is an administrative penalty?", "options": ["The school severely punishes students who cheat on exams.", "The judge sentenced the thief to 10 years in prison.", "The health department imposes a penalty of suspension of business on restaurants that fail the sanitation inspection.", " A supermarket imposes a penalty of one penalty ten on the thief."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3868, "answer": 2, "text": "Labor dispatch is a new employment model emerging in China in recent years. Its object is a new special labor group with highly professional and technical knowledge, experience and ability under the condition of knowledge economy. They should be invited by different enterprises, and flow between different enterprises, industries and countries. Labor dispatch in various forms, for workers can be used for a long time, can also be used for a short time, weekends, but also can be used for key projects.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following is labor dispatch?", "options": ["Wang works for a technology company in Zhengzhou, which sent him to Beijing for training for half a year", "Li Si worked in a restaurant for four years. After he had accumulated enough experience, he decided to quit and open his own shop", "Zhang SAN had worked for a computer company for eight years. In October this year, the company abruptly terminated his contract and he returned to work after a contract was signed by a labor agency. But his employer became the employment agency", "Xiao Zhao, who works in one company, does a part-time job in another company every weekend"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11711, "answer": 0, "text": "Ethicist: People who avoid alcoholic beverages simply because they regard them as a luxury beyond their financial means should not be praised for their abstinence. Similarly, those who avoid alcohol simply because they lack the desire to partake should not be praised, unless this disinclination has somehow resulted from an arduous process of disciplining oneself to refrain from acting indiscriminately on one' s desires.", "question": "Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the ethicist's claims?", "options": ["A person is praiseworthy for a particular behavior only if, in order to adopt that behavior, the person at some point had to overcome a desire to do something that she or he felt able to afford to do.", "The apportionment of praise and blame should be commensurate with the arduousness or ease of the lives of those who receive praise or blame.", "Whether behavior should be regarded as praiseworthy is a function of both its consequences and the social context in which the agent acts.", "A person should be blamed for an action only if that action was not motivated by a desire to be virtuous or if the person did not have to overcome any obstacles in order to perform that action."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6656, "answer": 1, "text": "In order to catch up with the world's advanced level in science and technology, we should not only improve the quality of higher education, but also, above all, improve the quality of primary and secondary education.", "question": "Which of the following supports the main point above?", "options": ["Improving the quality of higher education is the condition to catch up with the world advanced level in science and technology", "To comprehensively improve the quality of education is the condition for catching up with the world's advanced level in science and technology", "Improving the quality of education in primary and secondary schools is the condition to catch up with the world's advanced level in science and technology", "Learning advanced scientific knowledge is the condition to catch up with the world advanced level in science and technology"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8451, "answer": 2, "text": "Prions are structurally abnormal proteins that force normal proteins to take the same misfolded shape and spread through tissues like infectious diseases. This is another disease-causing pathogen discovered by human beings after realizing that bacteria, viruses, mycoplasma and other microorganisms can cause disease. Therefore, if you want to successfully develop effective treatments, you need to target (targeted) active prions rather than large amounts of proteins in dead plaques and entanglements.", "question": "Which of the following options can be inferred from this paragraph?", "options": ["The structure of prions is very complex.", "Prions are more harmful than bacteria.", "Prions can cause disease.", "Diseases caused by prions can be effectively treated."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11490, "answer": 2, "text": "A research study revealed that, in most cases, once existing highways near urban areas are widened and extended in an attempt to reduce traffic congestion and resulting delays for motorists, these problems actually increase rather than decrease.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain the discrepancy between the intended results of the highway improvements and the results revealed in the study?", "options": ["Urban traffic generally moves at a slower pace and involves more congestion and delays than rural and suburban traffic.", "Typically, road widening or extension projects are undertaken only after the population near the road in question has increased and then leveled off, leaving a higher average population level.", "Widened and extended roads tend to attract many more motorists than used them before their improvement.", "As a general rule, the greater the number of lanes on a given length of highway, the lower the rate of accidents per 100, 000 vehicles traveling on it."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6389, "answer": 1, "text": "In fact, a kind of cultural poverty is shadowing criticism as old arts such as fiction and drama fade from the limelight and give way to new arts such as film and television,a kind of cultural poverty is hanging over all kinds of criticism. In the face of a powerful industrial culture , cultural criticism has become almost promotional advertising.", "question": "Which of the following does the passage mean that a kind of cultural poverty is overshadowing all kinds of criticism?", "options": ["Cultural poverty makes all kinds of cultural criticism impossible.", "The taste of cultural criticism of all kinds is in decline.", "Cultural poverty has been criticized in many ways.", "The critics are threatened by poverty."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10877, "answer": 2, "text": "Mayor of Smalltown: Instituting high taxes on sodas, which are currently untaxed in Smalltown, has been shown in the past year to encourage people to reduce their intake of soda and live healthier lifestyles. Because the effects of such taxes on local businesses have not yet been determined, though, I believe we should wait before implementing such a tax. Activist: Your position is inconsistent with previous actions you have taken. You have implemented many laws that have decreased local businesses' revenues in order to help consumers, so concern for local businesses cannot be the true reason you refuse to pass this law now.", "question": "The activist's argument is flawed because it fails to consider that", "options": ["the effects of taxes on local businesses may not be immediately apparent in all cases.", "the health effects of some types of sodas may be different than the health effects of others.", "it is possible to weigh known drawbacks against known benefits, but not possible to weigh unknown drawbacks in the same way.", "soda consumption has been strongly linked to rates of obesity and shorter lifespans."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6030, "answer": 1, "text": "Scientists recently discovered that the small dinosaur named Zheng Xiaoting Dragon is a relative of the ancestral birds, and the ancestors who lived in the late Jurassic period, very close to the relatives, by analyzing the shape of the birds, and similar birds, dinosaurs and early birds of the systematic development of the relationship. It is concluded that the ancestral bird is not a bird, but a primitive dinosaur claw dragon. So the ancestor bird is the ancestor of the dragon, not the ancestor of the bird.", "question": "Which of the following options, if correct, is the least likely to challenge the above claim?", "options": ["The clawed dragon is a kind of bird that is closely related to the dinosaur", "The clawed dragon is a kind of dinosaur that is closely related to birds", "A group of animal-footed dinosaurs evolved into a plant-eating dinosaur, evolving into a bird", "Since its naming, the specimen has been considered the most primitive and oldest bird"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9234, "answer": 2, "text": "The same number of eggplant seedlings were planted in the two experimental greenhouses, and only fertilizer A was applied to the first greenhouse, but not to the second greenhouse. The first greenhouse produces 1200 kilograms of eggplant and the second greenhouse produces 900kg eggplant. Nothing but water was applied to the two greenhouses, so fertilizer A must have led to a higher yield of eggplant in the first greenhouse.", "question": "Which of the following options, if true, most seriously weakens the above argument?", "options": ["A small amount of fertilizer A seeps from the first greenhouse into the second greenhouse.", "The same variety of eggplant seedlings were planted in two greenhouses.", "The quality of the soil and the amount of sunshine in the two greenhouses are different.", "The third greenhouse applied fertilizer B, without fertilizer A, and produced 1000 kilograms of eggplant."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2882, "answer": 2, "text": "People have been arguing about which cat or dog is smarter. Recently, some scientists have not only studied the size of the animal's brain capacity, but also the number of neurons in the cerebral cortex, and found that cats usually seem to have an intelligence-dominant attitude, but the number of neurons in the cerebral cortex of cats is only ordinary golden hair. Half of the dog. From this, they all came to the conclusion: dogs are smarter than cats.", "question": "Which of the following is most likely to be the hypothesis that the aforementioned scientists concluded?", "options": ["Dogs are good at cooperating with humans and can act as guide dogs, companion dogs, search and rescue dogs, police dogs, etc. In terms of contribution to humans, dogs seem to be able to do more than cats.", "Dogs may have inherited the characteristics of wolves hunting in packs. In order to cooperate with each other, they need to make some review behaviors.", "The number of nerve cells in the cerebral cortex of an animal is positively correlated with the intelligence of the animal.", "Cats have fewer brain nerve cells than dogs because cats are not as social as dogs."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1267, "answer": 0, "text": "In order to help poverty-stricken areas get rid of poverty, for a long time, people from all walks of life have carried out assistance in various forms, the idea of poverty alleviation has become clearer, the means of poverty alleviation have become more diverse, and new ways such as cultural poverty alleviation, tourism poverty alleviation and e-commerce poverty alleviation have achieved remarkable results. However, in some areas that have not yet been lifted out of poverty, it is difficult to develop anti-poverty industries because of poor natural conditions. To gnaw off the hard bones of poverty alleviation, we still need to play the science and technology card.", "question": "Which of the following is the most suitable title for this passage?", "options": ["Play well the science and technology card of getting rid of poverty", "Gnaw off the hard bones of poverty alleviation", "Choose a new way to get rid of poverty", "Poverty alleviation has accelerated"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7043, "answer": 1, "text": "Asian countries have avoided the global depression in recent years, the most important reason is that they were not involved in the 2008 financial crisis. However, a recent survey shows that Asia's debt level is growing at a terrible rate. In some ways, this is partly reasonable. Many countries' ultra-low interest policies encourage loans, and debt growth is a natural product of wealth growth. But it is worth being vigilant, Asian countries need to rely on a larger debt scale to maintain economic growth. This signal shows that Asia's economic health is not as good as reflected by the growth rate of GD. P. Asia's current debt water is generally lower than that of Europe and is still in the safe range, but the rapid growth of debt will make the economy more vulnerable to shocks.", "question": "This paragraph is intended to illustrate that:", "options": ["Asian countries lack stamina for economic growth", "Asian countries need to guard against falling into debt crisis", "Blindly pursuing the growth rate of GDP will bring endless troubles", "We should fully understand the advantages and disadvantages of ultra-low interest loan policy"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1704, "answer": 2, "text": "Front-line workers, service workers or migrant workers are the majority of our people. Most workers experience the advantages and disadvantages of the social system mainly through social security, social security and the wage and welfare of the employing unit. This part of the interests can not be protected, there will naturally be some dissatisfaction, the longer the accumulation, the stronger the anti-social tendency. The harmonious society should be a society in which the interests of all aspects are coordinated effectively, and the discontented mood should be resolved in time to avoid the antagonistic contradiction and the social instability.", "question": "Which of the following is the main argument supported?", "options": ["Let workers enjoy dignity", "Labor-capital relation is the most basic social relation in contemporary Chinese cities and towns", "A harmonious society should pursue social justice", "Labor relations need to be transformed"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2035, "answer": 3, "text": "The so-called viewpoint of information processing is to compare the human brain with the computer and regard the human brain as an information processing system similar to the computer. But this analogy is only functional, that is, it can only be an analogy at the behavioral level, regardless of the difference between biological cells and electronic components. In other words, this analogy involves only software, not hardware.", "question": "Which of the following options is the hardware in this paragraph?", "options": ["Function.", "Behavior level.", "Material composition.", "Biological cells and electronic components."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11311, "answer": 3, "text": "Columnist: Taking a strong position on an issue makes one likely to misinterpret or ignore additional evidence that conflicts with one' s stand. But in order to understand an issue fully, it is essential to consider such evidence impartially. Thus, it is best not to take a strong position on an issue unless one has already considered all important evidence conflicting with that position.", "question": "The columnist's reasoning most closely conforms to which one of the following principles?", "options": ["It is reasonable to take a strong position on an issue if one fully understands the issue and has considered the evidence regarding that issue impartially.", "One should try to understand an issue fully if doing so will help one to avoid misinterpreting or ignoring evidence regarding that issue.", "To ensure that one has impartially considered the evidence regarding an issue on which one has taken a strong position, one should avoid misinterpreting or ignoring evidence regarding that issue.", "Anyone who does not understand an issue fully should avoid taking a strong position on it."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6767, "answer": 0, "text": "Looking at the situation in Japan and some European countries, the direct consequence of the persistent economic downturn is that it is difficult for young people to find jobs, the unemployment rate is high, and their incomes are reduced. The difficulty of financial independence of the younger generation has another consequence: parents increase their support for their children. Common experience in these countries shows that parents' involvement in their children's lives deepens when young people lack financial independence. A similar trend has emerged in China.", "question": "According to this passage, which of the following points can not be supported by the author?", "options": ["Parents always like to meddle in their children's affairs, which has nothing to do with whether the economy is good or bad", "Parents' intervention will extend to young people's choice of mate and career orientation", "Parents' involvement in life is not only reflected in financial support, but also in influencing children's decision-making", "The slow economic development has led to the reverse growth of family strength, giving rise to new social problems"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7430, "answer": 3, "text": "Humor appeal advertising: refers to the use of humor to dilute the direct utilitarian of advertising, reduce people's rebellious psychology of advertising, so that consumers in the relaxed and happy to accept their business or cultural information.", "question": "Which of the following options is a humorous appeal advertisement?", "options": ["Electronic screen of a shopping mall: are you still worried about the number cards in your hand? The mall solemnly launched a new mobile phone, a mobile phone installed with three number cards at the same time, the mobile phone is also free to send, to avoid the trouble of carrying many mobile phones", "A TV car advertisement: 0 fuel consumption can also be secular 200 kilometers! With clean energy, get rid of the pressure of carbon emissions on the world: with advanced technology to stimulate store energy efficiency, control surging passion in the wind; wireless charging by induction ground electromagnetic field, unfettered by anyone", "A magazine humor column: customers were furious with the salesperson: ever since I used the hair water I bought from you, my hair has all been taken off! Salesman: not at all, sir. To grow new hair, you must first make room. ", "Electronic screen of a shopping mall: are you still worried about the number cards in your hand? The mall solemnly launched a new mobile phone, a mobile phone installed with three number cards at the same time, the mobile phone is also free to send, to avoid the trouble of carrying many mobile phones"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13228, "answer": 2, "text": "To use the pool at City Gym, one must have a membership there. Sarah has a membership at City Gym. She must ttherefore use the pool there at least occasionally.", "question": "The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that the argument", "options": ["mistakes a policy that is strictly enforced for a policy to which exceptions are made", "presumes that one or the other of two alternatives must be the case without establishing that no other alternative is possible", "treats a statement whose truth is required for the conclusion to be true as though it were a statement whose truth ensures that the conclusion is true", "concludes that a person has a certain attribute simply because that person belongs to a group most of whose members have that attribute"], "type": {"Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3899, "answer": 3, "text": "A group of children were arguing about what day it was. A said: today is not Sunday.B said: today is Friday. C said :the day before yesterday was Saturday. D said :yesterday was Tuesday.E said: today is Tuesday. F said: today is neither Monday nor Tuesday, it's not even Wednesday. In fact, only one of them got it right.", "question": "What day is it today?", "options": ["Tuesday.", "Thursday.", "Saturday.", "Sunday."], "type": {}}
{"id": 1420, "answer": 3, "text": "Many most beautiful events unearthed by the media show that although contemporary Chinese society has encountered severe turbulence and reconstruction in the level of moral values in the period of rapid transformation, virtue still spreads in our real life. spread in every corner of society. The most beautiful event is the ordinary acts of ordinary people, and it is the ordinary actions of these ordinary people that well interpret the essence of morality, that is, people's independent reflection and conscious requirements of their own life. It embodies the pursuit of people's intrinsic value, rather than passively making their behavior conform to norms. This provides a useful inspiration for the moral construction of contemporary Chinese society.", "question": "Which of the following is the most accurate summary of the main point of this passage?", "options": ["the most beautiful comes from the ordinary", "The worship of virtue is never out of date", "Morality embodies the pursuit of human intrinsic value", "The moral enlightenment brought by the most Beautiful incident"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10542, "answer": 1, "text": "Nero was the Roman emperor in the first century AD. Every Roman emperor drank wine and drank only from tin pots and tin goblets. Whoever uses tin utensils to drink alcohol, even once, can lead to poisoning. And poisoning always leads to insanity.", "question": "If all the above statements are true, which of the following statements must be true?", "options": ["Those who are deranged have used tin utensils to drink wine at least once", "Whatever else happened to him, Emperor Nero must have been deranged", "The use of tin utensils is the prerogative of Roman emperors", "Poisoning was a common phenomenon among the subjects of the Roman dynasty"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8074, "answer": 1, "text": "The paddy field is not only a rice planting area, but also a farm where the rice is perfumed and the fish is fat and shrimp is strong. Traditional dwarf rice is densely planted because of the pursuit of maximum yield. In addition, the plant stalk is short and the space in the paddy field is narrow, resulting in poor air circulation and reduced effective oxygen content in the water. The high-stalk rice has a tall plant type, luxuriant leaves and a high canopy, and the plant spacing is relatively sparse, which can provide a good habitat for rice field animals such as frogs, fish and loach, and has the advantage of being suitable for the combination of planting and breeding. The problem of insufficient air convection and insufficient space above the paddy field caused by too dense plants. Compared with the current common paddy field comprehensive planting and breeding model, the economic benefits of this model are significantly improved, which will greatly enhance the enthusiasm of farmers for planting.", "question": "Which of the followings is this passage intended to illustrate: the cultivation of high stalk rice?", "options": ["Overcome the disadvantages of the traditional dwarf rice planting model", "A new planting model combining planting and breeding was born", "It will become the development direction of rice farming in the future", "Provides a good habitat for animals raised in paddy fields"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1186, "answer": 2, "text": "Even if there are 100 reasons to fade the halo of the profession aura, and there are 10,000 more reasons to require the profession not to step on the bottom line and abandon the bottom line, whether it is moving out, the lack of conscience is still attributed to the bondage of the system in order to survive.Blaming everything on the external environment is harmful to professional ethics.", "question": "Which of the following is the most likely meaning of the passage?", "options": ["The bondage of system is the main cause of professional ethics", "The damage of institutional ethics generally stems from the fading of professional aura", "Never break the bottom line of professional ethics", "Those who abandon the bottom line always make excuses for themselves"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2353, "answer": 0, "text": "According to the 2012 Global cost of living Survey released recently by Mercer, one of the world's largest human resources service agencies, Tokyo is the city with the highest cost of living in the world; Hong Kong, China ranked 9th; and Shanghai and Beijing in mainland China ranked 16th and 17th respectively. New York is the city with the highest cost of living in the United States, but ranks 33rd in the world. Mercer announced the cost of living, especially referring to the cost of living of overseas personnel stationed by government agencies and multinational companies in various cities. this is not the same thing as the usual cost of living, confusing the two different cost of living is not only not conducive to scientific comparison, but also easy to lead to emotional tendencies.", "question": "Which of the following is the main content of this text?", "options": ["The cost of living in Shanghai and Beijing is not higher than that in New York", "Confusing the concept of cost of living has caused misunderstandings", "The cost of living in cities in different countries is not comparable", "The cost of living for residents in big cities in my country is not very high"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 27, "answer": 0, "text": "Black Americans suffer from high blood pressure twice as high as white Americans. This is also true when comparing Westernized African blacks with African whites. Researchers hypothesize that Westernized blacks suffer from high blood pressure due to two mutual interacted reasons, one is the high salt content of western food; the other is the adaptation mechanism of black genetic genes to the environment.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, best supports the researcher's hypothesis?", "options": [" The blood pressure of the descendants of contemporary westernized African black Gambians is usually not high, because Gambians have not been short of salt in history", " The unusually high salt intake in some regions of Africa is a serious problem that endangers the health of residents", " Considering health care, most African whites also pay attention to controlling salt intake", " Both salt deficiency and no deficiency have no substantial different effects on human metabolism."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14041, "answer": 1, "text": "Manufacturers sometimes discount the price of a product to retailers for a promotion period when the product is advertised to consumers. Such promotions often result in a dramatic increase in amount of product sold by the manufacturers to retailers. Nevertheless. the manufacturers could often make more profit by not holding the promotions.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the claim above about the manufacturers' profit?", "options": ["The amount of discount generally offered by manufacturers to retailers is carefully calculated to represent the minimum needed to draw consumers' attention to the product.", "During such a promotion retailers tend to accumulate in their warehouses inventory bought at discount; they then sell much of it later at their regular price.", "For many consumer products the period of advertising discounted prices to consumers is about a week. not sufficiently long for consumers to become used to the sale price.", "For products that are not newly introduced. the purpose of such promotions is to keep the products in the minds of consumers and to attract consumers who are currently using competing products."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8499, "answer": 2, "text": "In recent years, people's living conditions are getting better and better, and the requirements for tourism ---are getting higher and higher. In the past, the way of tourism ---- has been gradually replaced by the way of in-depth experience and paying attention to culture and interaction. it is under this background that the development of the integration of culture and tourism --- has become a hot spot.", "question": "Which of the following options is the most appropriate to fill in the underlined part?", "options": ["Quality, a glimpse of the surface, stands out from the crowd.", "The environment, dabbling in it, has become a common practice.", "Quality, just looking at the flowers, came into being at the historic moment.", "Ecology, scratching the surface, rich and colorful, has become a grand scene."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12507, "answer": 2, "text": "In a transportation company, a certain syndrome often attributed to stress by medical experts afflicts a significantly higher percentage of workers in Department F than in any other department. We can conclude, ttherefore, that the work done in Department F subjects workers to higher stress levels than does the work in the other departments in the company.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most helps to support the argrument?", "options": ["Some experts believe that the syndrome can be caused by various factors, only one of which is high stress.", "Job-related stress has been the most frequently cited cause for dissatisfaction among workers at the company.", "Many workers who transfer into Department F from elsewhere in the company soon begin to develop the syndrome.", "Department F has more employees than any other department in the company."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3977, "answer": 3, "text": "Some people say that watching TV can affect pupils' learning, but a survey of one school found that pupils who watched more TV did better than those who watched less. From this point of view, watching TV will not affect the learning of primary students.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, most weaken the above reasoning?", "options": ["The schools in question are not well represented.", "Watching TV can broaden pupils' horizons, increase their knowledge and contribute to learning.", "The parents of the pupils in the school have let their children watch some educational TV programs.", "The parents of pupils at the school allow them to watch TV only when their children are getting good grades."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13185, "answer": 2, "text": "For similar cars and comparable drivers, automobile insurance for collision damage has always cost more in Greatport than in Fairmont. Police studies, however, show that cars owned by Greatport residents are, on average, slightly less likely to be involved in a collision than cars in Fairmont. Clearly, ttherefore, insurance companies are making a greater profit on collision damage insurance in Greatport than in Fairmont.", "question": "In evaluating the argument, it would be most useful to compare", "options": ["the condition of Greatport's roads and streets with the condition of Fairmont's roads and streets", "the rates Greatport residents pay for other forms of insurance with the rates paid for similar insurance by residents of Fairmont", "the cost of repairing collision damage in Greatport with the cost of repairing collision damage in Fairmont", "the level of traffic congestion in Greatport with the level of traffic congestion in Fairmont"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12381, "answer": 2, "text": "Although the charter of Westside School states that the student body must include some students with special educational needs, no students with learning disabilities have yet enrolled in the school. Ttherefore, the school is currently in violation of its charter.", "question": "The conclusion of the argument follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?", "options": ["All students with learning disabilities have special educational needs.", "The school should enroll students with special educational needs.", "The only students with special educational needs are students with learning disabilities.", "The school currently has no student with learning disabilities."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10797, "answer": 3, "text": "In his book, published in 1892, Grey used the same metaphor that Jordan used in her book, which was published in 1885. The metaphor is so unusual that there is little chance that two different people independently created it. Ttherefore, it is highly likely that Grey read Jordan' s book.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the argument?", "options": ["Both Grey's book and Jordan's book were written for the same audience.", "According to most scholars, Grey was generally a more inventive writer than Jordan and developed many original metaphors.", "Jordan used the same metaphor in a work that she wrote in 1894 and published in 1895.", "A text that was probably known to both Jordan and Grey was published in 1860 and also contained the same unusual metaphor."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7342, "answer": 1, "text": "Under the conditions of a market economy, as long as opportunities are equal, legal competition, no fraud, no privileges and corruption, the emergence of the gap between the rich and the poor in the society can only be attributed to the innate differences of individuals, acquired efforts, and opportunities and luck.", "question": "Based on this, it can be concluded that which of the following is correct?", "options": ["The gap between the rich and the poor in society always needs to be changed", "The emergence of the gap between the rich and the poor in the society, if it is not due to personal differences, it may be due to the existence of privileges and corruption in the society", "The emergence of the gap between the rich and the poor in society, if it is not because of the individual's acquired efforts, it must be because of the inequality of opportunities for individuals", "If deceit, privilege and corruption are rampant in society, the gap between the rich and the poor cannot be attributed to personal congenital differences, acquired efforts, opportunities and luck"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.