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{"id": 1328, "answer": 3, "text": "When it comes to the impact of ocean acidification, the treasure crab with a fishery value of about 2.20 dollars per year may be impacted by the reduction of its own food source and will face a strong downturn in the next 50 years. However, pteropods, copepods and small marine organisms with shells vulnerable to acidification may experience a slight decline because they are rich enough to withstand most of the impact. At the same time, marine mammals and seabirds are less affected by ocean acidification.", "question": "From the above words, which of the following can be inferred?", "options": ["The market prospect of treasure crab is bleak.", "The development of micro marine life is optimistic.", "Ocean acidification affects the development of marine life.", "Ocean acidification has little impact on marine life."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 176, "answer": 2, "text": "Environmentalists worry that the large-scale use of plastic packaging will pollute the environment and try to make manufacturers find ways to recycle plastic materials. However, despite their efforts, the recycling rate of plastic products is only 6.5%. The recycling rate of glass containers is 33%.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, is not helpful in explaining the relatively low recycling rate of plastic products?", "options": ["Many factories can recycle glass, but only a few factories can use recycled plastic for production.", "Many plastic products are incompatible and cannot be recycled and reused uniformly, while most glass products are compatible.", "Manufacturing new plastics requires more oil, while manufacturing new glass can use renewable resources.", "The quality of products produced from recycled plastic is poor, while recycled glass does not have such a problem."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10919, "answer": 1, "text": "In 1883, the Indonesian island Krakatoa, home to a massive volcano, seemingly disappeared overnight as an eruption rent the entire island apart, catapulting rock and debris into the atmosphere. For the next few years, as ash circled the entire globe, the average world temperature dropped by several degrees Fahrenheit. Ttherefore, an eruption of similar power in terms of the amount of debris ejected into the atmosphere will likely cause the average temperature around the world to drop by several degrees.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, best challenges the main claim of the argument?", "options": ["The eruption of the Indonesian island of Tambora was even larger than that of Krakatoa, yet the average world temperature did not drop as much as it did following the eruption of Krakatoa.", "In 1883, the ocean-atmospheric phenomenon La Nina occurred, an event that is always followed by a drop of several degrees in the world's average temperature.", "No volcanic eruption in the 20th century was close to the magnitude of the Krakatoa eruption, yet average world temperatures dropped between 1950 and 1960.", "According to sophisticated computer analysis, the eruption of Mt. Toba between 69, 000 and 77, 000 years ago, one of the most powerful ever, may have hastened an ice age."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2236, "answer": 0, "text": "From the perspective of top-level design, the cultivation and construction of craftsman spirit in China should be based on building a cooperative guarantee platform, carrying out pluralistic dialogue among different subjects, constructing a cooperative development mechanism of industry, teaching and research, and strengthening the function of spiritual cultivation in vocational colleges. From the perspective of coordinated development, the main body of craftsman spirit in our country urgently needs to strengthen the market management system, cultivate high-quality consumer market, constantly improve the salary system of technical and skilled personnel and construct vocational colleges according to their own role orientation and functional attributes, training center, enterprise three-station interaction mechanism.", "question": "Which of the following options is the main description of this paragraph?", "options": ["The main strategies of cultivating the spirit of craftsmen in China", "The top-level design of the cultivation of craftsman's spirit in China", "It is necessary to strengthen the management of the cultivation of craftsmen's spirit", "Building a collaborative platform is the focus of cultivating the spirit of craftsmen"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13202, "answer": 1, "text": "Psychologist: Some people contend that children should never be reprimanded. Any criticism, let alone punishment, they say, harms children' s self-esteem. This view is laudable in its challenge to the belief that children should be punished whenever they misbehave, yet it gives a dangerous answer to the question of how often punishment should be inflicted. When parents never reprimand their children, they are in effect rewarding them for unacceptable behavior, and rewarded behavior tends to recur.", "question": "The view that children should never be reprimanded functions in the psychologist's argument as a statement of a position that the psychologist's argument", "options": ["is designed to establish as well intentioned", "claims has a serious flaw though is not without value", "is designed to discredit entirely", "is designed to establish as true"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7082, "answer": 3, "text": "Someone said: It is impossible that all people will vote for him.", "question": "Which of the following is the closest to the meaning of the above judgement?", "options": ["Maybe all the people will vote for him.", "Maybe no one will vote for him.", "Surely everyone will vote for him.", "There will be people who won't vote for him."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 84, "answer": 0, "text": "1.The popularization of computers 2.The computer management society 3.The decline of ethical concepts of computer technicians 4.The leaks of computer management information 5.The increase of computer professionals 6.Informatization of the overall business management of the enterprise", "question": "Based on the following various facts, after comprehensive analysis, which of the following is the most likely to happen?", "options": [" Increase in computer crime rate", " Violation of personal privacy ", " Increase in computer allergies", " Increase in number of unemployed persons engaged in management work"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12909, "answer": 2, "text": "If a President is elected, then he or she won the nomination of a major party and received at least 270 Electoral College votes, even if he or she did not win the popular vote.", "question": "Which one of the following must be true?", "options": ["No President who won the nomination of a major party received 270 Electoral College votes.", "Some Presidents have received less than 270 Electoral College votes.", "No President has received less than 270 Electoral College votes.", "Some Presidents have won the popular vote."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13389, "answer": 2, "text": "Essayist: Human history is filled with the longing for eternal youth and immortality. Yet aging and death are normal and inevitable, indeed even desirable. Just imagine the ethical, social, and economic consequences that would result if it ever became possible to prevent them.", "question": "The claim that human history is filled with the longing for eternal youth and immortality figures in the essayist's argument in which one of the following ways?", "options": ["It is one of the conclusions of the argument, though it is not the main conclusion.", "It is a claim that the argument as a whole is directed toward discrediting.", "It introduces the subject of the argument, but plays no logical role in establishing the main conclusion.", "It sets out a problem to which the argument as a whole maintains there is no satisfactory response."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 626, "answer": 3, "text": "Remote sensing geophysical prospecting refers to the method of detecting electromagnetic wave information radiated (or reflected) by ground objects with various sensors at a considerable distance to find out various geological or geological conditions.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings belongs to remote sensing geophysical prospecting?", "options": ["The doctor uses X-ray to examine the disease of the patient's body organs.", "The scout uses mine detection devices to find mines buried in the ground.", "The scientist observes outer space stars through the Sky Eye system.", "The scientist uses satellites to conduct geological exploration of a coastal area."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14944, "answer": 1, "text": "Etiquette firmly opposes both obscene and malicious talk, but this does not imply that speech needs to be restricted by law. Etiquette does not necessarily even oppose the expression of offensive ideas. Rather, it dictates that there are situations in which the expression of potentially offensive, disturbing, or controversial ideas is inappropriate and that, where appropriate, the expression and discussion of such ideas is to be done in a civil manner.", "question": "Which one of the following judgments most closely corresponds to the principles of etiquette stated above?", "options": ["The journalists at a news conference should not ask a politician potentially embarrassing questions about a controversial policy issue.", "The moderator of a panel discussion of a divisive moral issue should not allow participants to engage in name-calling.", "Neighbors should not be gruff or unfriendly to one another when they meet on the street.", "When prosecutors elicit testimony from a cooperative witness they should do so without intensive questioning."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7739, "answer": 2, "text": "Tea is a healthy drink that Chinese people love. After brewing and drinking the tea a few times, most people discard the leftover tea. An expert pointed out that in fact, the substances in tea that can be dissolved in water are limited, and a lot of them are nutritious. The substances still remain in the tea, it is a pity to throw away for nothing, people should eat the leftover tea.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, can best refute the expert's point of view?", "options": ["Many non-nutritive substances in tea cannot be dissolved in water", "Tea contains theophylline and trace elements, which can refresh your mind", "It has become a habit for most people to drink tea, not to absorb nutrients", "Many people leave the leftover tea leaves to make tea cakes, tea eggs, etc"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12723, "answer": 2, "text": "Geneticist: Ethicists have fears, many of them reasonable, about the prospect of cloning human beings, that is, producing exact genetic duplicates. But the horror-movie image of a wealthy person creating an army of exact duplicates is completely unrealistic. Clones must be raised and educated, a long-term process that could never produce adults identical to the original in terms of outlook, personality, or goals. More realistic is the possibility that wealthy individuals might use clones as living organ banks. ", "question": "The claim that cloning will not produce adults with identical personalities plays which one of the following roles in the geneticist's argument?", "options": ["It is evidence that genetic clones will never be produced successfully.", "It is evidence for the claim that wealthy people might use genetic duplicates of themselves as sources of compatible organs for transplantation.", "It is a reason for discounting one possible fear concerning the cloning of human beings.", "It illustrates the claim that only wealthy people would be able to have genetic duplicates made of themselves."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8896, "answer": 0, "text": "If a crisis occurs, the company can take very effective measures to eliminate the crisis, which can actually increase the company's reputation. A very good reputation may be destroyed in an instant because of an incident; while a bad reputation often takes a long time to eliminate it.", "question": "If the above statement is true, which of the following statements is most supported?", "options": ["It is easier to destroy a good reputation than to eliminate a bad one.", "If reputation risk is not risk, there is no risk.", "Maintaining the company's reputation is the most important responsibility of the board of directors.", "It's harder to eliminate a bad reputation than it is to earn a good one."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2329, "answer": 0, "text": "In the 20th century, a generation of seekers disappointed by Western civilization, faced with increasingly frequent exchanges and contacts between the East and the West, and not satisfied with the way their predecessors indirectly recognized the Chinese spirit, embarked on the journey of pilgrimage to the East one after another. to open up a new way to face dialogue directly. They all dream of using the spirit of Chinese philosophy to cure the ills of western society, looking forward to finding a panacea for themselves and strategies for correcting their own culture. This determines that when they accept the value of Chinese culture and share the quintessence of Chinese thought, it is difficult for them to avoid the usual practical orientation of their predecessors.", "question": "Which of the following statements is consistent with the original text?", "options": ["Some Western scholars have a pragmatic tendency in understanding Chinese culture", "Chinese scholars believe that Chinese philosophical thought can cut off the ills of Western society", "The 20th century is an important historical period when Eastern and Western civilizations collide and merge", "The increasingly complex exchanges between the East and the West make Western scholars accept Chinese ideology and culture"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6097, "answer": 1, "text": "The essence of strategic game lies in the interdependence of participants' decisions, which is reflected in two ways: the first way is sequential, and the participants take turns; The second way is to take place at the same time, and the participants make moves at the same time. However, everyone must understand that there are other active participants in the game. Everyone should put himself in the position of others to evaluate the results of his action.", "question": "Which of the following statements is consistent with this paragraph:", "options": ["The essence of strategic game lies in group cooperation", "In the process of game, participants influence and restrict each other", "The result of each step in the game directly affects the overall situation", "Put yourself in the shoes of others in the game"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8738, "answer": 0, "text": "The national academic conference held by a certain society received nearly a thousand conference papers each time. In order to ensure the quality of the conference exchange papers, the academic conference organizing committee decided to select only 10% of the conference papers as conference exchange papers.", "question": "Which of the following assumptions is most likely to be based on the decision of the organizing committee of the academic conference?", "options": ["In every submitted conference paper, there is always a certain proportion of the paper quality is guaranteed", "There will be no significant change in the number of conference papers received in the future", "90% of the conference papers can not reach the quality of the conference exchange papers", "The organizing committee of the academic conference can make an accurate judgment on the quality of the paper"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11459, "answer": 2, "text": "Humans began to spread across North America around 12, 000 years ago, as the climate became warmer. During the same period the large mammals that were once abundant in North America, such as the mastodon, the woolly mammoth, and the saber-toothed tiger, became extinct. Thus, contrary to the myth that humans formerly lived in harmony with the rest of nature, it is clear that even 12, 000 years ago human activity was causing the extinction of animal species.", "question": "The argument is most vulnerable to the criticism that", "options": ["for early inhabitants of North America the destruction of mastodons, woolly mammoths, and saber-toothed tigers might have had very different significance than the extinction of mammal species does for modern humans", "in calling the idea that humans once lived in harmony with nature a myth the argument presupposes what it attempts to prove", "the evidence it cites is consistent with the alternative hypothesis that the large mammals' extinction was a direct result of the same change in climate that allowed humans to spread across North America", "there might have been many other species of animals, besides mastodons, woolly mammoths, and saber-toothed tigers, that became extinct as the result of the spread of humans across North America"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10708, "answer": 3, "text": "Scientists are discussing ways to remove excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by increasing the amount that is absorbed by plant life. One plan to accomplish this is to establish giant floating seaweed farms in the oceans. When the seaweed plants die, they will be disposed of by being burned for fuel.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, would indicate the most serious weakness in the plan above?", "options": ["Even if seaweed farms prove effective, some people will be reluctant to switch to this new fuel.", "Some areas of ocean in the Southern Hemisphere do not contain sufficient nutrients to support large seaweed farms.", "Each year about seven billion tons of carbon dioxide are released into the atmosphere but only about five billion tons are absorbed by plant life.", "When a seaweed plant is burned, it releases an amount of carbon dioxide comparable to the amount it has absorbed in its lifetime."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12314, "answer": 2, "text": "Citizens of Parktown are worried by the increased frequency of serious crimes committed by local teenagers. In response, the city government has instituted a series of measures designed to keep teenagers at home in the late evening. Even if the measures succeed in keeping teenagers at home, however, they are unlikely to affect the problem that concerns citizens, since most crimes committed by local teenagers take place between 3 p. m. and 6 p. m.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, most substantially weakens the argument?", "options": ["Any decrease in the need for police patrols in the late evening would not mean that there could be more intensive patrolling in the afternoon.", "The schools in Parktown have introduced a number of after-school programs that will be available to teenagers until 6 p. m. on weekday afternoons.", "The crimes committed by teenagers in the afternoon are mostly small thefts and inconsequential vandalism.", "Teenagers are much less likely to commit serious crimes when they are at home than when they are not at home."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5700, "answer": 1, "text": "The study found that the birth defect rate of IVF is about 9%, and that of naturally conceived infants is about 6.6%. The proportion of eye defects of these two parts of infants is 0.3% and 0.2%, the proportion of cardiac abnormalities is 5% and 3%, and the proportion of reproductive system defects is 1.5% and 1%, respectively. Therefore, it can be explained that the birth defect rate of IVF is higher than that of naturally conceived infants.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, questions this conclusion most?", "options": ["IVF has to go through the process of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Human operation will increase the risk of damage to fertilized eggs", "Most parents who choose IVF technology have abnormal reproductive system function, which will increase the failure rate of this technology", "IVF can produce many fertilized eggs during in vitro fertilization, and only the best ones are selected to the mother for pregnancy", "The parents of IVF are much older than those of naturally conceived infants. The older the parents are, the higher the rate of neonatal birth defects is"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 649, "answer": 1, "text": "Surrendering refers to the behavior of a criminal who takes the initiative to confess the crime to the public security organ, the people's procuratorate, the people's court or other relevant units after committing a crime, and is willing to accept legal action.", "question": "Which of the followings is a typical surrendering behavior?", "options": ["Li killed his girlfriend because she wanted to break up with him. Then he went out of the factory, a car come and collided him head-on. The driver wanted to take him to the hospital. Li said he had killed someone and don't save him.", "Li was wanted by the public security agency for theft. After many years of fleeing, he went to the public security agency with his parents to confess his crime after many persuasion from his parents.", "Li was caught by the public security organs for theft, and in front of the evidence presented by the public security personnel, he confessed the facts of his crime.", "After Li Mou murdered, he felt condemned by his conscience, so he wrote a suicide note to tell the truth about his murder, and then took medicine to commit suicide. But he was rescued by a friend."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10154, "answer": 3, "text": "In the past, the question of all enterprises was the same question; What should I do and what can I do to make money? After joining the WTO, the question has become: What can I do to be the best?", "question": "Which of the following statements gives the most plausible explanation for the shift in the above question?", "options": ["The change of the problem means the transition from the competition of enterprises to the competition of industries.", "Businesses can only make big money by being the best.", "Only by engaging in a profitable industry can an enterprise do its best.", "In the past, the industry was divided into good and bad, but now only the good and bad of the enterprise are divided."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13188, "answer": 2, "text": "Anna: Did you know that rainbows always occur opposite the sun, appearing high in the sky when the sun is low, and low in the sky when the sun is high? The Roman scholar Pliny the Elder claimed that this was so, in the first century A. D. William: His claim cannot be correct. After all, Pliny the Elder wrote that there are tribes of dogheaded people and beings with no heads or necks but with eyes on their shoulders, and said that smearing snails on your forehead cures headaches!", "question": "William's argument against Anna's claims about rainbows is most vulnerable to criticism because it", "options": ["inappropriately distorts Anna's conclusion, making it appear more extreme than it really is", "implies that Pliny the Elder's writings are too outdated to be of any value", "illicitly infers that, because Pliny the Elder made some incorrect assertions, Pliny the Elder's assertions about rainbows are also incorrect", "accepts the assertions of an ancient scholar without presenting contemporary verification of that scholar's views"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 494, "answer": 1, "text": "A scientific research institution proposed that wet sand was the key for the ancient Egyptians to carry huge stones and statues in the desert. The researchers pointed out that the ancient Egyptians put heavy stones on the sled, laid a layer of wet sand in front of the sled, and then dragged them. This transportation method had an unexpected effect. In the experiment, the researchers used a rheometer to test the hardness of sand, in order to confirm how much traction force is needed to deform a certain amount of sand. And on this basis, a traction model is designed. It is found that it is easier to move heavy objects when wet sand is laid before the skid, and the water content in the sand determines the hardness and traction force of the sand.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, best supports the above conclusion?", "options": ["In an ancient Egyptian tomb mural, a man stands in front of a skid and seems to be watering.", "Skid traction is inversely proportional to the hardness of sand, which is twice as hard as dry sand.", "Experiments show that the wet sand laid in front of the skid is easy to accumulate and form a large sliding resistance.", "A laboratory version of the Egyptian skid was successfully built to simulate the actual situation of the ancient Egyptian construction site."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8640, "answer": 3, "text": "The latest two research results have attracted people's attention: one is to use certain bacteria to produce artificial meat protein, which grows by absorbing the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide, which takes about 2 kilograms of carbon dioxide for every kilogram of protein; second, to synthesize ethanol from carbon dioxide and water recovered from the atmosphere, it takes 1.5 kilograms of carbon dioxide to produce 1 kilogram of ethanol. Experts predict that these new technologies will help to achieve the goal of zero greenhouse gas emissions in the middle of the 21st century.", "question": "Based on this, it can be concluded that which of the followings is correct?", "options": ["Using carbon dioxide to produce food and alcohol will become a new industry", "In the future, man-made foods can reduce their emissions by eating carbon dioxide", "Only the resource utilization of carbon dioxide can achieve zero greenhouse gas emission", "Carbon dioxide resource utilization may achieve zero greenhouse gas emission target"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2768, "answer": 0, "text": "Frugality should be the standard for selecting state cadres. How can a person who doesn't know how to be frugal be responsible for managing money for the people?", "question": "Which of the following items are consistent with the conclusion of the title stem, except", "options": ["A person who lives frugally will certainly become a competent national cadre.", "Only by living frugally can we serve the society dutifully.", "A competent state cadre must be a frugal person.", "Unless you live frugally, you can't become a competent state cadre."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3588, "answer": 1, "text": "Other deposit companies refer to all deposit companies except the central bank, which are mainly engaged in the activities of absorbing deposits, issuing loans and creating deposits, which are called deposit money banks in China.", "question": "Which of the following options does not belong to other deposit companies?", "options": ["City commercial bank", "Insurance company", "Postal savings and remittance Bureau", "Urban credit cooperative"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12197, "answer": 0, "text": "The spacing of the four holes on a fragment of a bone flute excavated at a Neanderthal campsite is just what is required to play the third through sixth notes of the diatonic scale--the seven-note musical scale used in much of Western music since the Renaissance. Musicologists ttherefore hypothesize that the diatonic musical scale was developed and used thousands of years before it was adopted by Western musicians.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the hypothesis?", "options": ["The cave-bear leg bone used to make the Neanderthal flute would have been long enough to make a flute capable of playing a complete diatonic scale.", "No musical instrument that is known to have used a diatonic scale is of an earlier date than the flute found at the Neanderthal campsite.", "Flutes are the simplest wind instrument that can be constructed to allow playing a diatonic scale.", "The flute was made from a cave-bear bone and the campsite at which the flute fragment was excavated was in a cave that also contained skeletal remains of cave bears."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4084, "answer": 1, "text": "In computer language, there is a logical operation in which if two digits are zero on the same digit, the sum is zero, one is zero, one is one, or both are one, and the sum is one.", "question": "Which of the following options is correct according to the above definition?", "options": ["If the sum is one, then both numbers must be one", "If the sum is zero, both numbers must be zero", "If and are zero, one of the two numbers may be one", "If the sum is one, at least one of the two numbers is zero"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6236, "answer": 2, "text": "Internationally, there is no lack of government led establishment of social groups. The purpose of government led establishment of social groups is to expand the scope and space of their functions. Some people call such non-governmental organizations governmental non-governmental organizations, which objectively often become quasi departments performing certain functions of the executive government.", "question": "Which of the following views is directly supported by the above paragraph?", "options": ["International non-governmental organizations often perform certain functions of the government.", "International non-governmental organizations are established under the leadership of the government.", "Many governments led social organizations can often perform government functions.", "The government led establishment of social organizations aims to make use of these associations."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10669, "answer": 2, "text": "Morton: In order to succeed in today' s society, one must have a college degree. Skeptics have objected that there are many people who never completed any education beyond high school but who are nevertheless quite successful. This success is only apparent, however, because without a college degree a person does not have enough education to be truly successful.", "question": "Morton's argument is flawed because it", "options": ["mistakes a correlation for a cause", "fails to consider the status of alleged counterexamples", "assumes what it sets out to conclude", "bases its conclusion on the supposition that most people believe in that conclusion"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9678, "answer": 3, "text": "Parents worry that their children's over-reliance on mobile phones will damage their eyesight and see bad information. However, it is worth noting that, in addition to the influence of these shallow levels, the most important thing is that mobile learning improves students' information search ability, but also neglects the training of students' analytical ability and creative ability because of the availability of answers. these are the most important and core parts of learning.", "question": "Which of the followings is the content that this text is meant to emphasize?", "options": ["Parents are anxious about their children's over-reliance on mobile phones", "Excessive reliance on mobile phones will be harmful to students' health", "Mobile learning improves students' information search ability", "Mobile learning is disadvantageous to training analysis and creativity"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1869, "answer": 2, "text": "The brain is not only the most complex organ in biological structure and function, but also a superb, exquisite and perfect information processing system. The total number of nerve cells in the human brain is about 1012, equivalent to the total number of stars in the entire Milky way. In addition, there are 10 to 50 times more glial cells than nerve cells. The brain is in charge of human language, thinking, feeling, emotion, movement and other advanced activities, which are closely related to the topological structure of neurons or clusters of neurons in the brain network, which essentially determines the function of the whole brain.", "question": "Which of the following is the main content of this text?", "options": ["The physiological structure of the brain provides the basis for processing complex information", "The brain is rich in nerve cells and glial cells", "The topology of the brain network determines the whole brain function", "The structure of the brain is exquisite and perfect, and its function is powerful and complex"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14399, "answer": 2, "text": "By competing with rodents for seeds, black ants help control rodent populations that pose a public health risk. However, a very aggressive species of black ant, the Loma ant, which has recently invaded a certain region, has a venomous sting that is often fatal to humans. Ttherefore, the planned introduction into that region of ant flies, which prey on Loma ants, would benefit public health.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?", "options": ["Certain other species of black ants are more effective than Loma ants in competing with rodents for seeds.", "The sting of Loma ants can also be fatal to rodents.", "Ant flies do not attack black ants other than Loma ants.", "The use of pesticides to control Loma ants could have harmful effects on the environment."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5280, "answer": 0, "text": "Law refers to the inevitable connection between things. This connection keeps recurring and often works under certain conditions.", "question": "Which of the followings is not a law?", "options": ["Mr. Jiang was terrified when he saw someone walking on the iron cable at high altitude.", "The Earth goes around the sun.", "People who are born blind will not become painters.", "People cannot survive without oxygen."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1233, "answer": 0, "text": "Charity is a choice based on the brilliance of humanity. The brilliance of human nature is always illuminated from the inside out, from the near to the far. Filial Piety says, those who love others rather than their relatives are called immoral. As the western proverb also goes, charity begins at home. Life can have poetry and distance, but charity should not have darkness under the lamp. Start to understand charity from the people around you, start to practice charity from the things you can do, put kindness and kindness into your daily life, and make it an expression of love, a social responsibility and a way of life. This is the meaning of charity. The most valuable value of charity, as the embodiment of one's good knowledge and ability, lies not only in the great things it has done, but also in the small things it fills around.", "question": "Which of the following is emphasized in the above text?", "options": ["Charity should start from the small things around us.", "Charity is a civilized way of life.", "China and the West have basically the same concept of charity.", "Charity is often mentioned in Chinese and foreign classics."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4443, "answer": 2, "text": "Finally, I was convinced that I couldn't stop you from leaving, so I began to enjoy loneliness again.", "question": "Which of the followings is the premise of the above reasoning??", "options": ["Unless I'm sure I can't stop you from leaving, I can't enjoy loneliness", "Only when I'm sure I can't stop you from leaving, can I begin to enjoy loneliness", "Or I'm not sure if I can't stop you from leaving, or I have to start enjoying loneliness again", "I'm not sure if I can't stop you from leaving, but I can only start enjoying loneliness again"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10681, "answer": 2, "text": "Tabloid magazines that report alien landings and celebrity sightings may be considered plebeian, but the public evidently prefers them to weekly newsmagazines that report more conventional news. A comparison of newsstand revenues shows far higher sales volumes for tabloids than for weekly newsmagazines.", "question": "The argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it fails to consider whether", "options": ["tabloid magazines ever derive news stories from conventional sources", "the news is any less conventional in tabloid magazines than in weekly newsmagazines", "more newsmagazines than tabloid magazines are sold by subscription", "any magazine ever reports conventional news about celebrities"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6203, "answer": 3, "text": "Whether it is European literature in the 19th century represented by Balzac or modern Chinese literature led by Lu Xun, most of them hold high the banner of realism, reclaim life and shape models. Literary creation since the new era basically adheres to the position of realism, is good at exposing and criticizing the negative objective reality in life, which is completely necessary and very valuable. However, in fact, realistic creation takes humanitarian thought as a weapon and pays attention not only to the analysis of the dark side of society, but also to the display of the highlights of life. Not only the accuracy and profundity of criticizing the dark side of society, but also the writer's care and sympathy for the fate of the characters.", "question": "Which of the following is the main criticism of the above words in literary creation since the new period?", "options": ["The shaping of typical characters is too rigid and single.", "Writers lack attention to real life.", "Lack of inheritance of excellent literary tradition.", "Some novels have a negative tendency."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13540, "answer": 0, "text": "Terrorism aims to instill fear in the target population, disrupting all daily activities and forcing an irrational backlash. More people die in car accidents in a day than terrorists have killed in two decades. Our country spends more money on fighting terrorism than any other single initiative, including healthcare. As such, our country should. . .", "question": "Which one of the following most logically completes the argument?", "options": ["spend money in proportion to terrorism's threat.", "spend money in proportion to the fear terrorism inspires.", "spend more money on healthcare.", "spend more money on reducing car accidents."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2553, "answer": 3, "text": "When the Meng / Guan team won the championship at the Athens Olympic Games, there were two more pairs of athletes and they reached the finish line almost at the same time. Before the Beijing Olympic Games, it was predicted that although the Meng / Guan team did not reach their best form, it was possible to win the gold medal.", "question": "Which of the following options does not improve the probability of Meng / Guan winning the championship in the Beijing Olympic Games?", "options": ["The Meng / Guan team played normally in the game.", "The two couples did not reach their best either.", "One of the two couples did not take part in the Beijing Olympic Games.", "The results of the Meng / Guan group and those two couples are far better than those of the other contestants."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3560, "answer": 0, "text": "Gamification management: refers to the management behavior of using scoring, ranking, competition and other elements in the game in a scene that is not a game. Its use in the work environment can often increase the emotional investment of employees, thereby improving efficiency.", "question": "According to the above definition, what of the following game management behaviors?", "options": ["A translation software company mobilizes office staff to participate in finding faults to find language translation errors", "Play as a cartoon character to attract everyone's attention", "The company hires new management", "The school requires teachers not to rank student test scores"], "type": {"Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10480, "answer": 0, "text": "Wildlife conservation organizations: if there is no trade, there will be no killing; without killing, man and nature can live in harmony.", "question": "If the above statement is true, which of the following options must be true?", "options": ["As long as there is killing, there must be trade.", "As long as the trade is banned, man and nature will live in harmony.", "Only when the trade is banned can man and nature live in harmony.", "The reason why man and nature can not live in harmony is because of the existence of killing."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10738, "answer": 1, "text": "Up until about 2 billion years ago, the sun was 30 percent dimmer than it is now. If the sun were that dim now, our oceans would be completely frozen. According to fossil evidence, however, life and liquid water were both present as early as 3. 8 billion years ago.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy described above?", "options": ["Evidence suggests that certain regions of ocean remained frozen until much more recently than 2 billion years ago.", "Our atmosphere currently holds in significantly less heat than it did 3. 8 billion years ago.", "When large portions of the globe are ice-covered, more of the sun's heat is reflected and not absorbed by the earth than when only the poles are ice-covered.", "The liquid water present 3. 8 billion years ago later froze, only to melt again about 2 billion years ago."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9028, "answer": 0, "text": "Dai Wei has hardly suffered from stomach trouble after eating milk-made food. Just because he occasionally had stomach pain after eating the milk-made food, it was concluded that his allergy to milk-made food was unreasonable.", "question": "Which of the following options is most similar to the above argument?", "options": ["Dogs and cats are sometimes restless before the earthquake, so there is no reason to conclude that dogs and cats have the ability to sense earthquakes in advance, because in most cases, there is no earthquake after the restlessness of dogs and cats.", "Although many people can lose weight through a short-term diet, it is unreasonable to believe that such a diet is effective for weight loss.", "Most hypotheses have a large number of supporting examples before they become a scientific theory, and it is unreasonable to think that a hypothesis is a scientific theory just because it has been successfully applied to a few cases.", "Although many chain stores are more profitable, it is unreasonable to attribute the success of this business model only to this business model, because only well-funded businesses can do so."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3719, "answer": 0, "text": "In recent years, trace management has been widely used in grass-roots work. Its advantage is that through the retained text, pictures and other work materials, effectively restore the work of serving the masses for future verification. In order to strengthen the trace management, a grass-roots unit has greatly increased the proportion of work materials in the assessment score. Obviously, such an approach will cause local grass-roots cadres to spend a lot of energy on keeping traces of work.", "question": "Which of the following is most likely to be the underlying hypothesis of the above argument?", "options": ["Grass-roots cadres attach great importance to assessment scores", "Some grass-roots cadres lack a sense of service to the masses", "trace management requires that all work traces be retained", "The vast majority of grass-roots cadres lack the condition of leaving a trace"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11840, "answer": 2, "text": "Journalist: Well-known businessman Arnold Bergeron has long been popular in the state, and he has often talked about running for governor, but he has never run. However, we have just learned that Bergeron has fulfilled the financial disclosure requirement for candidacy by submitting a detailed list of his current financial holdings to the election commission. So, it is very likely that Bergeron will be a candidate for governor this year.", "question": "The answer to which of the following questions would be most useful in evaluating the journalist's argument?", "options": ["Is submitting a list of holdings the only way to fulfill the election commission's financial disclosure requirements?", "Did the information recently obtained by the journalists come directly from the election commission?", "Had Bergeron also fulfilled the financial disclosure requirements for candidacy before any previous gubernatorial elections?", "Have Bergeron's financial holdings increased in value in recent years?"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4071, "answer": 2, "text": "Information industry refers to the group of related industries directly related to the production, circulation, distribution and consumption of information industry and information services in national economic activities.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options is not the information industry?", "options": ["A company deals in a variety of software, consumables and other related products", "According to the development of national information process, a company trains enterprise information managers for social compensation", "According to the needs of economic development, a department provides free consulting services to the society and promotes the development of information technology", "A company produces motherboards, memory and other computer parts"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1741, "answer": 3, "text": "Mencius once said this sentence in Gao Zi Shang: Reason and righteousness please my heart, and meat please my mouth. This statement is truthful, exquisite, and quite enlightening. The practice of life has also been told time and time again. We, all the reason that fits my heart, always explain the profound things in a simple way. For example, chu huan means that delicacies such as beef and mutton fits my taste. maybe the speaker is sincere, but the listener doesn't care, or the speaker is hoarse and the listener is sleepy. After all, the appeal does not depend on the high voice, let alone the power of the microphone, but should be as dazzling, eye-catching, beautiful and enlightening as the peacock opens the screen.", "question": "Which of the following is the emphasis of this text?", "options": ["Reason depends on infection, infection must be pleasing", "The first principle of reason is truth", "Only true reason can make people truly believe", "Talk about art and make the principles easy to accept"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8498, "answer": 2, "text": "With regard to the problem that the occupying roads of small street vendors in urban streets affects traffic, some scholars think that centralized business areas for small vendors should be set up in specific areas that do not affect urban traffic. in this way, it can alleviate the problem of traffic jams caused by small stall vendors occupying roads at will.", "question": "Which of the following options is a prerequisite that must be added in order to make the above argument valid?", "options": ["The centralized business area will not charge management fees from small stall vendors.", "Centralized business areas will not cause noise, environmental pollution and other urban problems.", "After setting up a centralized business area, small stalls occupying on the road will go there to set up stalls.", "The traffic location of the centralized business area is convenient, and small vendors can get higher profits there."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3456, "answer": 3, "text": "Consequential offense refers to a crime in the objective aspect of the crime composed of harmful acts and harmful results. The completion of consequential crime requires not only criminal acts, but also legal criminal results. Without harmful results, the objective aspects of the crime will not be complete, or the elements of the objective aspects of the crime will not be complete. The result of consequential crime refers to tangible and measurable specific harmful results, It is the result consistent with the nature of the crime.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings is not consequential offense?", "options": ["Swindle", "Robbery", "Intentional homicide", "Falsely accuse and frame"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13628, "answer": 1, "text": "Most serious students are happy students, and most serious students go to graduate school. Furthermore, all students who go to graduate school are overworked.", "question": "Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the statements above?", "options": ["Some unhappy students go to graduate school.", "Some happy students are overworked.", "All overworked students are serious students.", "All serious students are overworked."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3941, "answer": 3, "text": "Avalanches can put 40 to 50 tons of force on the surface of a hit object per square meter. The impact force is very striking. Avalanches can also cause violent oscillations in the air during their high-speed movement, a powerful blast of air in front of an avalanche faucet that resembles the blast wave of an atomic bomb. Avalanches are likely to be stopped at steep rock or sharp turns in river valleys. Avalanches, on the other hand, continue to move in the direction of avalanches, destroying forests, houses, overturning vehicles and choking people and animals.", "question": "Which of the following can be inferred?", "options": ["The impact of an avalanche is even greater than that of an atomic bomb.", "Avalanches usually reach only steep rocks or sharp turns in river valleys.", "The main threat to climbers from avalanches is lack of oxygen.", "An avalanche gas wave has a much greater range than an avalanche."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 478, "answer": 0, "text": "It is impossible for a person without a Putonghua first-level certificate to become a host, because the host can't pronounce substandard pronunciation.", "question": "Which of the followings is the premise of the above argument?", "options": ["People without a Putonghua first-level certificate will have nonstandard pronunciation.", "Presenters with non-standard pronunciation may not have a Putonghua first-level certificate.", "A person whose pronunciation is not standard may obtain a Putonghua first-level certificate.", "A host whose pronunciation is not standard cannot become a popular host."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3578, "answer": 3, "text": "The leader of a certain unit decides to select several people from the six people of Wang, Chen, Zhou, Li, Lin, and Hu to perform an important task. The candidate to perform the task should meet all the following conditions: Only one of the two of Wang and Li needs to participate; Li , Only one of the two of Zhou will participate; Wang and Chen should have at least one of them; two of Wang, Lin, and Hu should participate; Chen and Zhou must either participate or not; if Lin participates, Li must join.", "question": "Based on this, it can be concluded that which of the following is correct?", "options": ["Wang, Chen will not attend", "Lin, Hu does not participate", "Zhou, Li will not attend", "Li, Lin will not attend"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2864, "answer": 3, "text": "A certain naval force has 7 ships of A, B, C, D, E, H, and G. It is planned to form two fleets to sail. There are 3 ships in the first formation and 4 ships in the second formation. The formation must meet the following conditions: (1) The aircraft carrier must be listed in the second formation; (2) E and C have at most one formation in the first formation; 3) A and C are not in the same formation; (4) If B is arranged in the first formation, D must also be arranged in the first formation.", "question": "If A is in the second formation, which of the following ships must also be in the second formation?", "options": ["B", "C", "D", "E"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3767, "answer": 0, "text": "There are four people living in a hotel with different occupations and nationalities. They come from Britain, France, Germany and the United States. It is known that the Germans are doctors, the Americans are policemen and the youngest. C is older than the Germans. B is a judge and a friend of the British. D has never studied medicine.", "question": "It can be seen where does C come from?", "options": ["Britain", "France", " the United States", "Uncertain"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11237, "answer": 2, "text": "There is evidence to suggest that our cave-dwelling ancestors polished many of their flints to a degree far surpassing what was necessary for hunting purposes. It seems, ttherefore, that early humans possessed an aesthetic sense.", "question": "Which one of the following statements, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?", "options": ["Most flints used by our cave-dwelling ancestors were not highly polished.", "The caves in which the highly polished flints were found are unadorned by cave paintings.", "Flints were often used by early humans for everyday chores other than hunting.", "Any benefits that an aesthetic sense would have given to cave-dwelling humans are poorly understood."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6883, "answer": 2, "text": "Fifty years ago, the world's population was only about half of what it is today. Mankind once hoped to organize the imminent food crisis with the so-called green revolution. The rapid increase in the use of hybrid seeds and fertilizers has achieved some results, but mankind has also paid a heavy ecological cost. Statistics show that compared with the time our parents lived, the current global food production has nearly doubled, but the price is also huge; the consumption of surface water and groundwater by agricultural production has double.", "question": "Which of the following is the text intended to illustrate?", "options": ["Mankind's lack of understanding of the nature of the food crisis", "Hybrid seeds and fertilizers are not the essence of the green revolution", "Solving problems cannot be done at the expense of the ecological environment", "Green Revolution is not a good medicine to solve the food crisis"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10420, "answer": 0, "text": "After all the cold dishes of a banquet are served, there are seven hot dishes. Among them, 3 Sichuan cuisine: K, L, M: 3 Cantonese cuisine: Q, N, P: one Shandong cuisine: X. Only one hot dish is served at a time, and the order of serving must meet the following conditions :(1) neither sichuan cuisine nor cantonese cuisine can be served consecutively. (2) P cannot go up before Q unless the second one goes up Q. (3) P must go up before X. (4) M must go up before K, and K must go up before N.", "question": "If the third is M, which of the following statements may be true?", "options": ["The fifth upper X", "The first one goes up Q", "The sixth one goes up L", "The fourth one goes K"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7639, "answer": 2, "text": "One study involved 80 young people aged 13 to 25 with early symptoms of schizophrenia. Half were randomly assigned to take fish oil tablets for 3 months and the other half were given a placebo for 3 months. The researchers followed the subjects for seven years and found that only 10 percent of those taking fish oil tablets developed schizophrenia, compared with 40 percent of those taking a placebo. Therefore, the researchers concluded that taking fish oil tablets may help prevent schizophrenia in adolescents.", "question": "Which of the following,if true,is the least likely to challenge the researchers' conclusions?", "options": ["The number of subjects is still relatively small and the development of each subject is quite different in 7 years.", "The age span of the subjects is relatively large. Someone may have been an adult rather than a teenager when the experiment began.", "Fish oil tablets have been tried in adults with schizophrenia, but experiments have found no effect.", "Subjects were given fish oil tablets for a shorter period of time. It did not produce a stable and significant effect."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8608, "answer": 2, "text": "Recently, a research team surveyed 519 young people between the ages of 18 and 25 who had never smoked traditional cigarettes by means of a questionnaire. The survey included these young people's e-cigarette use and intention to smoke traditional cigarettes. Wait. Among young people who have never smoked traditional cigarettes, those who are vaping are more likely to try traditional cigarettes, and regulatory policies on e-cigarettes should pay attention to protecting young people, the study said.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, best supports the above conclusion?", "options": ["20% of respondents have tried e-cigarettes or are likely to try e-cigarettes in the future", "Even just two or three puffs of e-cigarettes may increase the likelihood of smoking traditional cigarettes", "60% of respondents who are vaping say they will definitely try traditional cigarettes in the future", "E-cigarettes are less harmful to health than traditional cigarettes, but still contain many harmful substances"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1726, "answer": 0, "text": "The whole thought of Laozi is developed around the central concept of Dao. However, the 73 characters of Dao in Laozi have different meanings although the symbol form is unified. In some places, Dao refers to the origin of the existence of the world, in some places, Tao refers to a law, and in some places, Dao refers to a standard of life, which reflects the unified outlook on life of Dao.", "question": "Which of the following is the Dao in Lao Tzu's saying, Dao is a process in which everything grows from little to more, from simple to complex?", "options": ["Metaphysical noumenon", "A law of things", "A rule of life", "The combination of laws of things and principles of life"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14291, "answer": 0, "text": "Reptiles are air-breathing vertebrates with completely ossified skeletons; so alligators must be air-breathing vertebrates with completely ossified skeletons.", "question": "In terms of its logical features, the argument above most resembles which one of the following?", "options": ["Green plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen back into the air; so it follows that grass takes in carbon dioxide and releases oxygen into the air.", "Some red butterflies are poisonous to birds that prey on them; so this particular red butterfly is poisonous to birds that prey on it.", "Dierdre has seen every film directed by Rainer Werner Fassbinder; so Dierdre must have seen Ali: Fear Eats the Soul, a film directed by Fassbinder.", "Knowledge about the empirical world can be gained from books; so Virginia Woolf's book A Room of One's Own must provide knowledge about the empirical world."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10762, "answer": 1, "text": "A medical journal used a questionnaire survey to determine whether a particular change in its format would increase its readership. Sixty-two percent of those who returned the questionnaire supported that change. On the basis of this outcome, the decision was made to introduce the new format.", "question": "Which one of the following, if it were determined to be true, would provide the best evidence that the journal's decision will have the desired effect?", "options": ["Of the readers who received questionnaires, 90 percent returned them.", "The percentage of surveyed readers who like the format change was almost the same as the percentage of the entire potential readership who would like the format change.", "Ninety percent of the readers who were dissatisfied with the old format and only 50 percent of the readers who liked the old format returned their questionnaires.", "It was determined that the new format would be less costly than the old format."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13296, "answer": 3, "text": "At one sitting, a typical doughnut eater consumes 4 doughnuts containing a total of 680 calories and 40 grams of fat. The typical bagel eater consumes exactly one bagel, at 500 calories and one or two grams of fat per sitting, though the addition of spreads can raise calorie and fat content to the four-doughnut range. Thus, as far as total calorie content is concerned, there is very little difference between what a typical doughnut eater and a typical bagel eater each consumes at one sitting.", "question": "The argument depends on assuming which one of the following?", "options": ["Most typical doughnut eaters are not also bagel eaters.", "Eating bagels instead of eating doughnuts provides no real health benefit.", "Most bagel eaters are not fully aware of the calorie and fat content of a bagel.", "The typical doughnut eater does not add to doughnuts any substances that increase the total caloric intake."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 119, "answer": 2, "text": "Compensatory wage gap: refers to the wage difference caused by the non-monetary characteristics of different jobs.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options is not related to compensatory wages?", "options": ["The annual income of meter readers in a city's power system is higher than the city's per capita wages, and the high wages are used to compensate employees for the physical and mental labor consumed in the work process", "Coal miners get higher wages than other workers with similar education levels. The high wages are used to compensate for the boring and danger of coal mining and the long-term health problems faced by coal miners", "The salary of professors is lower than that of lawyers and doctors received roughly the same amount time of education. The low salary can be compensated by the academic and personal satisfaction brought about by the work.", "The wages of night shift workers in the factory are higher than day shift workers, and the high wages are used to compensate them for having to work at night and sleeping during the day."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5631, "answer": 0, "text": "Peak-End Rule means that the experience of remembering something depends on the feeling at the beginning and end.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options is not applied to the Peak-End Rule:", "options": ["An athlete is good at winning the game at the later stage", "The ushers in the hotel lobby were warm and friendly", "Supermarkets distribute free environmental protection shopping bags at the exit", "The bank designed the business hall spacious and bright"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13143, "answer": 2, "text": "Archaeologist: Neanderthals, a human-like species living 60, 000 years ago, probably preserved meat by smoking it. Burnt lichen and grass have been found in many Neanderthal fireplaces. A fire of lichen and grass produces a lot of smoke but does not produce nearly as much heat or light as a wood fire.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, would most weaken the archaeologist's argument?", "options": ["In close proximity to the fireplaces with lichen and grass are other fireplaces that, evidence suggests, burned material that produced more heat than smoke.", "Some of the fireplaces containing burnt lichen are in regions in which lichen is not believed to have been plentiful and so would have had to have been brought in from some distance.", "In the region containing the Neanderthal fireplaces in which lichen and grass were burnt, no plants that could be burned more effectively to produce heat or light were available 60, 000 years ago.", "There is clear evidence that at least some groups of Neanderthals living more recently than 60, 000 years ago developed methods of preserving meat other than smoking it."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 535, "answer": 2, "text": "To subdue bad people, sometimes we should treat them by their way. Bad people will do good things, but good people become bad as long as they have done bad things.", "question": "Which of the followings can be inferred?", "options": ["A good man cannot subdue a bad man.", "There may be no good people in the world.", "A person who has done good things is not necessarily a good man.", "A person who has done bad things is not necessarily a bad man."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7794, "answer": 2, "text": "In the process of studying the situation of a certain town, the following information has been obtained: (1) the villagers in the rich village of Zhang are very industrious; (2) some villagers in the relatively poor village of Li are also very industrious.", "question": "Which of the following can be inferred?", "options": ["People who are very industrious but not Li Village must be villagers of Zhang Village.", "People who are very industrious but not Zhang Village must be villagers of Li Village.", "Some very industrious people are not villagers in Zhang Village.", "The very industrious people in the town are either from Zhang Village or Li Village."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13095, "answer": 0, "text": "After the Second World War, the charter of the newly formed United Nations established an eleven-member Security Council and charged it with taking collective action in response to threats to world peace. The charter further provided that the five nations that were then the major powers would permanently have sole authority to cast vetoes. The reason given for this arrangement was that the burden of maintaining world peace would rest on the world' s major powers, and no nation should be required to assume the burden of enforcing a decision it found repugnant.", "question": "The reason given for the structure of the Security Council assumes that", "options": ["no nation that was not among the major powers at the end of the Second World War would become a major power", "minor powers would not ally themselves with major powers to gain the protection of the veto exercised by major powers", "it does not make sense to provide for democracy among nations when nations themselves are not all democracies", "decisions reached by a majority of nations in response to threats to world peace would be biased in favor of one or more major powers"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7307, "answer": 2, "text": "The four people investigated in one incident were victims, witnesses, rescuers and bystanders. They made the following statements during the investigation: [1] A:B is not an bystanders.[2] B:C is not a witness.[3] D:A is not a rescuer.[4] C: B is not an eyewitness. Further investigation revealed that their statements were false if they were about the victim and true if they were about someone else.", "question": "So, which of the following is the victim?", "options": ["A.", "B.", "D.", "C."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11860, "answer": 0, "text": "Several companies that make herbal teas containing ginseng assert in their marketing that ginseng counteracts the effects of stress. As a result, many people buy these products hoping to improve their health. Yet no definitive scientific study links ginseng with the relief of stress. Thus, these marketing campaigns make false claims.", "question": "The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that the argument", "options": ["concludes that a claim is false merely on the grounds that it has not been shown to be true", "fails to address the possibility that some ingredients other than ginseng in the herbal teas containing ginseng counteract the effects of stress", "rejects an argument because of its source without evaluating the argument's logical strength", "fails to address the possibility that many people buy herbal teas containing ginseng because they enjoy drinking the tea"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3174, "answer": 2, "text": "Music appreciation does not only exist as a part of music acceptance, but also affects music creation and edges in the way of feedback. Its aesthetic judgment and aesthetic choice can often affect the aesthetic choice of composers and performers. Every serious musician can't help but listen to the information feedback of music appreciation to adjust and improve his artistic creation.", "question": "According to the above materials, it can be inferred that?", "options": ["Music appreciation is the process in which the music appreciator understands the music aesthetic feeling and romance of the creator", "All musicians and composers pay attention to the feedback of music listeners", "The aesthetic view of music appreciation is also very important for musicians", "Music creation is actually a process of collective labor, not completed by someone alone"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8330, "answer": 1, "text": "Ability trap means that people always like to do things that are good at and can bring self-confidence and satisfaction, which leads to the strengthening of a single ability and the weakening of other abilities, which makes it difficult to adapt to the new requirements of social changes.", "question": "Which of the following options belongs to the ability trap?", "options": ["Xiao Li taught in a university after graduating from his doctorate and became an associate professor in less than five years. In the past two years, he has become busier and busier in his work and achieved more and more results, so he has no time to think about starting a family.", "Lao Zhang has been repairing his bike for many years and has a good life. In the past two years, fewer and fewer people have come to repair bicycles, and their income is not as good as before. He has failed to learn how to repair motorcycles several times, and now he can only repair tires for electric cars.", "Mr. Lin is busy expanding the scale of his business all day, opening more and more chain stores, and the benefit is getting better and better, but he is neither good at nor concerned about the trivialities of daily life. His wife does all the housework such as shopping, cooking, cleaning and so on.", "Wang Shibo is good at Huaiyang cuisine and is well-known in Jiangsu. After arriving in Sichuan, he soon found that he had no opportunity to show his talents. So it took him half a year to finally learn the practice of Sichuan cuisine. Although he was not authentic enough, he was very satisfied."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7700, "answer": 1, "text": "Synaesthesia is a psychological phenomenon in which one sense causes another to change.", "question": "Which of the following takes advantage of synaesthesia?", "options": ["Red Lanterns were hung in the shops during the festival.", "The bedroom is decorated with warm colors to make people feel warm.", "Camouflage clothing is a kind of uniform widely used in modern army.", "The invention of the office suite helped women better integrate into the work environment."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7766, "answer": 0, "text": "In order to enrich the spare-time life of employees, a certain company allocates a fixed amount of funds each year for the travel benefits of its employees. Some employees of the company have spontaneously established a travel companion association, and some people in the travel companion association are the technical backbone of the company. Recently, the Some of the leaders of the company are preparing to embezzle the funds for other purposes.This idea has been approved by all members of the company's management, but the members of the Travel Friends Association did not agree with the decision of the company's management.", "question": "Based on the above statement, which of the following can be derived?", "options": ["Some technical backbones are not members of management", "None of the management members are technical backbones", "The members of the Travel Friends Association are technical backbones", "Some management members are technical backbones"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14123, "answer": 1, "text": "Constance: The traditional definition of full employment as a 5 percent unemployment rate is correct, because at levels below 5 percent, inflation rises. Brigita: That traditional definition of full employment was developed before the rise of temporary and part-time work and the fall in benefit levels. When people are juggling several part-time jobs with no benefits, or working in a series of temporary assignments, as is now the case, 5 percent unemployment is not full employment.", "question": "The dialogue most strongly supports the claim that Constance and Brigita disagree with each other about which one of the following?", "options": ["whether a person with a part-time job should count as fully employed", "what definition of full employment is applicable under contemporary economic conditions", "whether it is a good idea, all things considered, to allow the unemployment level to drop below 5 percent", "whether unemployment levels above 5 percent can cause inflation levels to rise"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14374, "answer": 2, "text": "Most bicycle helmets provide good protection for the top and back of the head, but little or no protection for the temple regions on the sides of the head. A study of head injuries resulting from bicycle accidents showed that a large proportion were caused by blows to the temple area. Ttherefore, if bicycle helmets protected this area, the risk of serious head injury in bicycle accidents would be greatly reduced especially since __.", "question": "Which of the following most logically completes the passage?", "options": ["even those bicyclists who regularly wear helmets have a poor understanding of the degree and kind of protection that helmets afford", "among the bicyclists included in the study's sample of head injuries, only a very small proportion had been wearing a helmet at the time of their accident", "the bone in the temple area is relatively thin and impacts in that area are thus very likely to cause brain injury", "bicyclists generally land on their arm or shoulder when they fall to the side, which reduces the likelihood of severe impacts on the side of the head"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2184, "answer": 3, "text": "There is a lack of financial support for the development of rural tourism, which urgently needs to be solved. Rural tourism scenic spot is a multi-faceted open area which belongs to the public space. The government is duty-bound to improve the development environment. By integrating financial funds, they can promote the upgrading of scenic spots, encourage all localities to increase financial support in the form of prizes instead of compensation, build first and then make up; they can pry financial funds to build a docking platform between banks and the government, solve the loan problems of operators, and increase credit to rural tourism. New financing models such as PPP and crowdfunding can also encourage social capital to enter the countryside so that rural tourism can be invested, well built and well managed.", "question": "Which of the following options is emphasized in this passage?", "options": ["The problem of lack of funds seriously affects the development of rural tourism", "The construction and management of rural tourism needs financial support", "Give full play to the complementary advantages of different funding channels", "It is urgent to promote multi-channel investment and financing in the development of rural tourism"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 123, "answer": 1, "text": "The large amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels does not actually cause the greenhouse effect-that is, the increase in global average temperature. Because if the supply of carbon dioxide rises, plants will consume more of the gas, so they will grow taller and lushly, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will eventually remain stable.", "question": "Which of the followings, if it 's correct, will most severely weaken the conclusion-the large amount of carbon dioxide currently released into the atmosphere will not cause the greenhouse effect?", "options": ["When the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere rises, the sea water will absorb more carbon dioxide", "Methane produced by rotting plans, which is another gas that can significantly cause the greenhouse effect", "Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, the increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has caused an increase in agricultural productivity.", "The fact that the carbon dioxide content has risen or fallen many times in the history of the earth shows that they have some biological effects that can reverse the greenhouse effect"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 528, "answer": 0, "text": "Korean traditional medicine has the theory of Harmony of Man and Nature, that is, the small environment in the human body should be coordinated with the large environment of nature, so as to make people more adapt to the changes of nature and increase the resistance of the human body to the adverse effects of the outside world.", "question": "According to this theory, which of the followings is the food that Koreans prefer to eat in hot summer?", "options": ["Cold food. Reduce the temperature of the human body and adapt to the needs of the external environment.", "Hot food. Use heat supplement to supplement the heat and nutrition lost by the human body due to a large amount of perspiration.", "A reasonable combination of cold and hot food. Keep the balance of body temperature and nutrition.", "Lukewarm food. Avoid excessive temperature difference between human body and external environment and nutrient loss."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10338, "answer": 2, "text": "All green or germinated potatoes contain more toxic alkaloids-solanine. None of the checked potatoes are green or sprouted. Therefore, the checked potatoes are safe to eat.", "question": "If which of the following statements is used as a hypothesis, the conclusion of the above reasoning can be logically inferred?", "options": ["All potatoes that do not contain solanine are safe to eat", "Green or germinated potatoes are not safe to eat", "Potatoes that are not green or sprouted are safe to eat", "It is not safe to eat potatoes that contain more solanine"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5440, "answer": 3, "text": "Absolute public goods refer to goods that are used by some people without excluding and affecting the use of the goods by others, and can not distinguish users from non users and charge users.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following is an absolute public good?", "options": ["Comfort station", "Bus", "Cable TV", "Air"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14902, "answer": 3, "text": "The top 50 centimeters of soil on Tiliga Island contain bones from the native birds eaten by the islanders since the first human immigration to the island 3, 000 years ago. A comparison of this top layer with the underlying 150 centimeters of soil -- accumulated over 80, 000 years -- reveals that before humans arrived on Tiliga, a much larger and more diverse population of birds lived there. Thus, the arrival of humans dramatically decreased the population and diversity of birds on Tiliga.", "question": "Which one of the following statements, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?", "options": ["Many of the bird species that disappeared from Tiliga did not disappear from other, similar, uninhabited islands until much later.", "Bones from bird species known to have been eaten by the islanders were found in the underlying 150 centimeters of soil.", "The bird species known to have been eaten by the islanders had few natural predators on Tiliga.", "The arrival of a species of microbe, carried by some birds but deadly to many others, immediately preceded the first human immigration to Tiliga."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10717, "answer": 3, "text": "Lourdes: Dietary fiber is an important part of a healthful diet. Experts recommend that adults consume 20 to 35 grams of fiber a day. Kyra: But a daily intake of fiber that is significantly above that recommended level interferes with mineral absorption, especially the absorption of calcium. The public should be told to cut back on fiber intake.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most undermines Kyra's recommendation?", "options": ["Adequate calcium intake helps prevent the decrease in bone mass known as osteoporosis.", "The more a food is processed, the more the fiber is broken down and the lower the fiber content.", "Many foodstuffs that are excellent sources of fiber are economical and readily available.", "Among adults, the average consumption of dietary fiber is at present approximately 10 grams a day."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1179, "answer": 3, "text": "When public opinion is in a position of direct power, when it is unequal, public opinion will not be able to gain respect for its rights, and it will not be possible to protect itself in front of power, let alone let power be obedient.Therefore, in order for public opinion to really play a role, there is no other way but to give public opinion the power. Rights, in particular, need to understand that public opinion is the premise and basis of power action, and respect for public opinion is reflected, and everything is not done in accordance with public opinion.When it is limited to certain conditions and cannot act in accordance with public opinion, confess the reasons to the public and ask the public for understanding, which is the only way to achieve a win-win situation between power and public opinion.", "question": "Which of the following is the author is main point of view?", "options": ["Only the right to respect public opinion is a legitimate right", "Power should be subject to the will of the people. When it cannot be obeyed, it should be honest and humble", "The fundamental reason why public opinion cannot be respected by power is that the power of public opinion is weak", "The key to the win-win situation of power and public opinion lies in the public's knowledge and understanding"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8845, "answer": 3, "text": "There is a psychological theory that in order to be happy, one person must maintain a close relationship with another person. However, the world's greatest philosophers spent most of their lives alone and without close relationships. Therefore, this psychological theory must be wrong.", "question": "Which of the followings must be assumed by the above conclusion?", "options": ["The world's greatest philosophers prefer to avoid close relationships.", "People with close relationships seldom spend their time alone.", "Solitude is necessary for philosophers to meditate.", "The greatest philosophers in the world are happy."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11039, "answer": 2, "text": "Some scientific issues are so complex and counterintuitive that they cannot be well understood by readers of popular magazines. Nonetheless, stories about these difficult scientific issues are frequently the ones that these readers would find most fascinating. Unfortunately, this means that some of the scientific stories that would be most interesting to readers are usually not covered in popular magazines since__.", "question": "The conclusion of the argument is strongly supported if which one of the following completes the passage?", "options": ["readers of popular magazines are generally unable to accurately assess their own understanding of complex scientific issues", "popular magazines cannot stay in business unless they regularly publish stories that their readers find interesting", "editors of popular magazines generally do not approve stories about issues that cannot be well understood by those magazines' readers", "highly complex and counterintuitive theories are increasingly common in almost all branches of science"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9506, "answer": 0, "text": "In the face of a major epidemic, timely release of authoritative information and open and transparent response to public concerns can effectively solve the problem of information asymmetry, reduce the space for the spread of false information such as rumors, and better maintain social stability. For some time, relevant departments and relevant institutions have released data on confirmed, suspected, cured and dead people in a timely manner. Some Internet enterprises have used big data, cloud computing and visualization technology to launch products such as Real-time epidemic situation dynamic, Co-ride patient query system and Fever Clinic Map, which simultaneously popularize scientific protection knowledge, effectively meet the information needs of the public, and guide the masses to look at the epidemic rationally. Enhance self-prevention awareness and protection ability.", "question": "Which of the followings is the content that this text is meant to emphasize?", "options": ["Openness and transparency of information contribute to epidemic prevention", "Enhance the ability of self-protection by means of technology", "Popularize scientific protection knowledge by technical means", "Open and transparent information to meet the information needs of the people"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13573, "answer": 2, "text": "Alissa: If, as the mayor says, the city can no longer continue to fund both the children' s museum and local children' s television programming, then it should cease funding the television programming. The interactive character of the exhibits at the museum makes for a richer educational experience than watching television, which is largely passive. Greta: We should stop funding the museum, not the television programming, because, as the mayor has also pointed out, the museum reaches a much smaller audience.", "question": "On the basis of their statements, it can be inferred that Alissa and Greta disagree on which one of the following?", "options": ["whether local children's television programming provides a beneficial educational experience to a greater number of children in the city than does the children's museum", "whether the city will need to cease funding local children's television programming if it continues funding the children's museum", "whether the city should cease funding local children's television programming if continuing to fund it would mean that the city would have to cease funding the children's museum", "whether the mayor has spoken truthfully about what will need to happen if the city does not cease funding local children's television programming"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3821, "answer": 2, "text": "Honest cadres are cadres of good conduct, wholeheartedly for the people are strict with themselves cadres. The degeneration of some corrupt elements is the result of relaxing strict requirements on themselves. The cadre that seeks personal gain wholeheartedly is not a cadre of moral integrity, a cadre that seeks personal gain is also impossible to become a cadre of one mind for the people.Zhang Runtime is a respectable cadre.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options is correct?", "options": ["Zhang Lingga is a clean and honest cadre", "Zhang Lingga is a cadre who is dedicated to the people", "Zhang Aga is not a cadre who seeks personal gain", "Zhang Aga is not a cadre who degenerates and relaxes strict requirements on himself"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8821, "answer": 1, "text": "The fact that the Chinese women's volleyball team won the championship in the Athens Olympic Games makes us realise many truths. For example, failure must not be accepted when it has not determined. When there is still a faint hope of victory, try your best to win! Otherwise, you are not real strong.", "question": "Which of the following options can be deduced from the above?", "options": ["A truly strong man never accepts failure.", "Only when failure becomes an unchangeable fact, the real strong man will accept failure.", "Losers accept failure easily.", "As the girls in volleyball team sing, the sun always comes after the wind and rain."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1506, "answer": 0, "text": "In order to improve the market share, long-term apartment enterprises seize the housing supply with the help of capital, which has contributed to the increase of rent. In addition, the capital apartment also brings financial risks. In order to obtain capital leverage to compete for housing supply, some long-term apartment enterprises guide or even defraud tenants to carry out rental installment loans. Such financial products not only have no stable property right guarantee, but also have a very high leverage, Under the coercion of capital, once the long-term rental apartment enterprises form a monopoly position in the rental market, the rise of rent will be more difficult to restrain.", "question": "This paragraph is intended to emphasize that:", "options": ["The problems of long-term rental enterprises will affect the healthy development of housing rental market", "At present, the development of housing rental market in China is not standardized", "Relevant departments need to introduce policies to restrict the rapid rise of rent", "Disorderly competition in the long-term rental market will bring financial risks"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14560, "answer": 3, "text": "In the bodies of reptiles, some industrial by-products cause elevated hormonal activity. Hormones govern the development of certain body parts, and in reptiles abnormal development of these parts occurs only with elevated hormonal activity. Recently, several alligators with the telltale developmental abnormalities were discovered in a swamp. So, apparently, industrial by-products have entered the swamp' s ecosystem.", "question": "The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument", "options": ["fails to say whether reptiles other than alligators were examined for the same developmental abnormalities that were discovered in the alligators", "fails to address the possibility that industrial by-products were contained in food the alligators ate", "provides no explanation for developmental abnormalities that do not result from elevated hormonal activity", "fails to consider whether elevated hormonal activity can result from factors other than the presence of industrial by-products"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3664, "answer": 0, "text": "China's available geothermal energy reserves exceed the combined energy reserves of all fossil fuels in the country, and the technology of converting geothermal into electricity in some areas has become a reality. China's possible energy shortage in the next century will be completely solved.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, can most weakens the author's above point of view?", "options": ["At some point in the next century, the reality of geothermal exhaustion will force China to rely more on imported energy", "Any method of producing electric energy consumes part of the energy in the process of producing electric energy", "It is impractical for long-distance transportation of electric energy converted from geothermal energy to densely populated economically developed areas", "Some scientists firmly believe that the problem of energy shortage can be solved by improving energy efficiency and encouraging energy conservation"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10996, "answer": 2, "text": "Ruth: To become a politician, a person should be required to have a diversity of experience. The more diverse one' s experience, the more one will understand the need for compromise. Stephanie: To be worthy of public trust, it is not enough, as you suggest, that one simply have varied experience. Such a person would not necessarily be worthy of public trust.", "question": "Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the reasoning in Stephanie's response to Ruth's statements?", "options": ["The response fails to provide evidence for its assumption that flexibility is unimportant in the practice of politics.", "The response fails to provide evidence for its assumption that experience is not beneficial to the practice of politics.", "The response attributes to Ruth a view that is more vulnerable to criticism than any she actually expresses.", "The response simply asserts a point of view opposite to Ruth's without giving reasons for it."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13258, "answer": 2, "text": "With the passage of the new tax reform laws, the annual tax burden on low-income taxpayers will be reduced, on average, by anywhere from $100 to $300. Clearly, tax reform is in the interest of low-income taxpayers.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most undermines the conclusion above?", "options": ["Low-income taxpayers have consistently voted for those political candidates who are strong advocates of tax reform.", "Under the new tax reform laws, many low-income taxpayers who now pay taxes will no longer be required to do so.", "Tax reform, by eliminating tax incentives to build rental housing, will push up rents an average of about $40 per month for low-income taxpayers.", "The new tax reform laws will permit low-and middle-income taxpayers to deduct child-care expenses from their taxes."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}

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