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{"id": 15062, "answer": 0, "text": "For one academic year all the students at a high school were observed. The aim was to test the hypothesis that studying more increased a student' s chances of earning a higher grade. It turned out that the students who spent the most time studying did not earn grades as high as did many students who studied less. Nonetheless, the researchers concluded that the results of the observation supported the initial hypothesis.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain why the researchers drew the conclusion described above?", "options": ["In each course, the more a student studied, the better his or her grade was in that course.", "The students who spent the least time studying tended to be students with no more than average involvement in extracurricular activities.", "Students who spent more time studying understood the course material better than other students did.", "The students who spent the most time studying earned higher grades than did some students who studied for less time than the average."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5501, "answer": 0, "text": "Xiao Zhang said to Xiao Li, red symbolizes enthusiasm. As soon as I see red, my blood boils. Xiao Li wrote two words in red and said to Xiao Zhang, do you feel blood boiling?", "question": "Which of the logical expressions of the following sentences is consistent with the given stem?", "options": ["Xiao Zhang said to Xiao Li, is the sea salty? Otherwise, go and taste those two words to see if it tastes salty?", "Xiao Zhang said to Xiao Li, your friend is really a good man. You see, he looks very beautiful.", "Xiao Zhang said to Xiao Li, flowers bloom all year round. Flowers are like beautiful women. Everyone likes to see them.", "Xiao Zhang said to Xiao Li, this man is really troublesome. He can't solve any trouble."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11392, "answer": 3, "text": "Dietitian: Eating fish can lower one' s cholesterol level. In a study of cholesterol levels and diet, two groups were studied. The first group ate a balanced diet including two servings of fish per week. The second group ate a very similar diet, but ate no fish. The first group showed lower cholesterol levels, on average, than the second group. The two groups had displayed similar average cholesterol levels prior to the study.", "question": "Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the dietitian's argument by the claim that the two groups had displayed similar average cholesterol levels prior to the study?", "options": ["It expresses the main conclusion of the argument.", "It provides background information on the purpose of the study.", "It introduces an alternative explanation of the phenomenon described in the main conclusion.", "It rules out an alternative explanation of the data collected in the study."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5583, "answer": 1, "text": "Some plants need low temperature to blossom, grow and bear fruit. The effect of low temperature induction to promote plant flowering and bearing fruit is called vernalization principle.", "question": "According to the above definition, the following do not use the vernalization principle:", "options": ["Onion flowering affects its quality. Therefore, high temperature treatment of overwintering bulbs before planting in spring can reduce its ability to feel low temperature, so as to obtain larger bulbs", "Using gibberellin, biennial tianxianzi, cabbage, beet and carrot can bloom without low temperature treatment", "Germinated winter wheat seeds are put in cans and sown in spring after 40 to 50 days at low temperature in winter. The same harvest as autumn sowing can be obtained", "In the first year, the root tubers of the biennial medicinal plant Angelica sinensis were dug out and stored at high temperature to reduce the vine rate in the second year and obtain better root tubers"], "type": {"Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9679, "answer": 3, "text": "Body image disorder refers to a person who compulsively thinks that some parts of his body have a serious defect and adopts special ways to cover up or repair. These perceived defects are usually imagined; even if they do exist, their severity is exaggerated.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following conforms to the performance of body image disorder?", "options": ["Xiao Wang, who loves beauty, asked the photographer to fix the picture after taking the ID photo", "Xiao Li, who likes to be clean, spends an hour washing in the bathroom every morning", "Xiao Gao, who is not prominent in appearance, often stays at home and does not like to take part in social activities", "Ms. Zhang, who is 170 centimeters tall, thinks she is short and wears high heels every time she goes out"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2887, "answer": 1, "text": "All passwords of this safe are a combination of 4 Arabic numerals and 4 English letters. Known: (1) If the 4 English letters are not arranged consecutively, the sum of the numbers in the password combination is greater than 15; (2) If the 4 English letters are arranged consecutively, the sum of the numbers in the password combination is equal to 15; (3) ) The sum of the numbers in the password combination is either equal to 18 or less than 15.", "question": "Based on the above information, which of the following is a possible combination of passwords?", "options": ["2acgf716", "18ac42de", "37ab26dc", "ladbe356"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9027, "answer": 1, "text": "In recent years, there has been a popular argument in western public opinion that huge demand from China has led to soaring prices of raw materials such as oil, grain, steel and so on.", "question": "Which of the following options, if true, can raise the greatest challenge to the above argument?", "options": ["Due to the popularization of agricultural technology, especially hybrid rice, China has greatly increased the yield of crops.", "Between July and September this year, demand from China was still growing, but the price of oil on the international market plummeted by nearly 1/3.", "Big investors in the United States store a lot of goods and wait for the opportunity to sell at high prices to make huge profits, while buying large quantities of oil products and oil futures.", "With the development of India's economy, their domestic demand for food products is increasing day by day."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7041, "answer": 3, "text": "In the long process of evolution, food scarcity has always been the primary threat faced by mankind. Due to the uncertainty of food supply and the inability of food to be preserved for a long time, mankind has been living a full and hungry life. Individuals who can make the most effective use of food have survival advantages. After repeated famine choices, individuals with survival advantages and their genes, These genes can stimulate the secretion of a large amount of insulin after a full meal, so as to maximize the conversion and utilization of glucose in the blood. Although the cost of doing so may lead to obesity, the threat to survival caused by its harm to the body will not appear until middle age. For most of human history, The average life expectancy is less than 30 years.", "question": "This paragraph is intended to illustrate that:", "options": ["The living environment of the ancients is completely different from that of modern people", "Human physiological structure is the result of natural selection", "Food scarcity is the primary problem for human beings to deal with for a long time", "Obesity is related to the dominant genes of human survival and reproduction"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9654, "answer": 2, "text": "Convert fanaticism refers to a social phenomenon in which later converted congregations are more pious or such than those born in religious families (older congregations).", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options does not belong to convert fanaticism?", "options": ["British table manners came from France, but later the British paid more attention to table manners than the French.", "After years of application, Korean Xiaojin finally got an American green card. He thought that he was more like an American than anyone else.", "Lao Zhang used to only shop in the supermarket, but today, when he first came into contact with online shopping, he bought tens of thousands of yuan of goods online in one breath.", "Ron is originally from Germany. After becoming a Chinese national, he devoted himself to the study of history books, and loved Chinese history more than many Chinese people."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9888, "answer": 2, "text": "Infectious disease outbreaks among wild animals due to virus invasion. A new study found that animals living in tropical, subtropical or low-altitude areas are at constant risk of infectious diseases due to their hot living environment. Animals living at low temperatures, such as high latitudes and altitudes, used to be protected from viruses because of long winters, but now winters are getting warmer and shorter. As a result, rising temperatures will exacerbate outbreaks of infectious diseases in wildlife.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, best supports the above statement?", "options": ["No matter how the climate changes, animals living in hot places are always at risk of infectious diseases", "Animal species adapted to cold and high-altitude habitats are at increased risk of outbreaks of infectious diseases", "There is a positive correlation between the temperature and the risk of infectious diseases of wild animals, that is, the higher the temperature, the higher the risk of infectious diseases", "Cold climates may protect wild animals from viruses, while hot climates are more likely to cause wild animals to become infected with viruses"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9501, "answer": 0, "text": "Zhong Rong, a literary critic of the Southern Dynasty, commented on the works of Liu Kun in the Jin Dynasty in Shi Pin. Kun is not only a good person, but also has bad luck, so he is good at talking about mourning and chaos, and he has many words of hatred.This is to use the experience of Liu Kun's misfortune to explain why his poems are full of grief and indignation. Contemporary literary critics consciously use this method to examine works. A scholar who studied the novel iniquity Sea Flowers in the late Qing Dynasty once said that in order to understand this work, it is necessary to know people and talk about the world, and it is necessary to explore Zeng Pu's life, ideological process and creative process. It can be seen that knowing people and talking about the world is an important method for him to study evil sea flowers.", "question": "Which of the followings is the main content of this text?", "options": ["Knowing people and talking about the world has always been an important method of literary research", "The writer's experience will have a profound impact on the works", "Knowing people and talking about the world is regarded as the standard for the study of ancient works", "Contemporary scholars have inherited the literary research model of the ancient Chinese"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12605, "answer": 2, "text": "The goblin fern, which requires a thick layer of leaf litter on the forest floor, is disappearing from North American forests. In spots where it has recently vanished, the leaf litter is unusually thin and, unlike those places where this fern still thrives, is teeming with the European earthworm Lumbricus rubellus, which eats leaf litter. L. rubellus is thus probably responsible for the fern' s disappearance.", "question": "Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?", "options": ["None of the earthworms that are native to North America eat leaf litter.", "Wherever there is a thick layer of leaf litter in North American forests, goblin ferns can be found.", "L. rubellus does not favor habitats where the leaf litter layer is considerably thinner than what is required by goblin ferns.", "Dead leaves from goblin ferns make up the greater part of the layer of leaf litter on the forest floors where the goblin fern has recently vanished."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8402, "answer": 2, "text": "Convert fanaticism refers to a social phenomenon in which later converted congregations are more pious or such than those born in religious families (older congregations).", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options does not belong to convert fanaticism?", "options": ["British table manners came from France, but later the British paid more attention to table manners than the French.", "After years of application, Korean Xiaojin finally got an American green card. He thought that he was more like an American than anyone else.", "Lao Zhang used to only shop in the supermarket, but today, when he first came into contact with online shopping, he bought tens of thousands of yuan of goods online in one breath.", "Ron is originally from Germany. After becoming a Chinese national, he devoted himself to the study of history books, and loved Chinese history more than many Chinese people."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1491, "answer": 0, "text": "Wechat provides a vibrant public life, which makes it difficult to reach a consensus on public discussion rules. The renovation speed of social tools is far faster than the formation speed of public discussion rules. In other words, this rapidly gushing discussion enthusiasm and the pleasure of just getting rid of realistic rules make people unwilling to be subject to any framework, so that in recent years, what rules to follow to debate, It has also become a common topic of public debate. As an expert said, shared media can promote the development of social forces independent of the state, but it obviously needs a long multi-dimensional collision and repeated struggle to take shape. Wechat not only promotes the freedom of individual discourse and the equality of discourse power, but also makes this standing in line and tearing more frequent and lower cost.", "question": "This passage mainly says that:", "options": ["The evolution of social tools has brought great impact and challenges to the rules of public discussion", "It is very difficult to form new rules of public discussion under shared media", "Wechat plays a great role in getting rid of the rules of reality", "There is still a long way to go for the public media to form an independent force"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13994, "answer": 3, "text": "Mysterious ancient tracks cut into limestone have recently been found on the island of Malta. The tracks wander, sometimes disappearing under modem structures. Their origin and purpose are unknown, but evidence indicates that they could have connected settlements or water sources. One archaeologist hypothesizes, based on the tracks' physical appearance and surroundings, that they were made in about 1000 B. C. by animal-drawn carts.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most helps to support the archaeologist's hypothesis mentioned above?", "options": ["Some of the tracks connect areas that are sources of fresh water on Malta today.", "Some terrain on the island of Malta is more easily traversed on foot than are certain other types of terrain there.", "Historically, inhabitants of the island of Malta have not been innovative users of transportation technology.", "Areas near the tracks have yielded relatively large amounts of fossilized animal excrement dating from approximately 1000 B. C."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5248, "answer": 3, "text": "The so-called urban disease refers to a series of social problems caused by the excessive concentration of population in big cities. It is mainly manifested in the blind expansion of urban planning and construction to the surrounding area, a large amount of cultivated land is occupied, and the contradiction between man and land is more acute. .", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings does not belong to the specific manifestation of urban disease?", "options": ["The pressure of employment is increasing", "There is a shortage of housing for citizens", "Citizens travel with traffic jams", "Lead to a decline in the city's economic strength"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6847, "answer": 0, "text": "Each biological cell can be seen as a miniature battery or a miniature magnetic pole. After accurately measuring the magnetic activity of the human body, it is believed that the sources of biological magnetism may be: (1) the magnetic field produced by the movement of biological charge, (2) the induction field produced by biomagnetic materials, that is, some substances in living tissues have certain magnetism, the induced magnetic field produced by them under the action of geomagnetic field or external magnetic field, and (3) the magnetic field produced by strong magnetic materials in living organisms.", "question": "Which of the following options does not meet the meaning of this paragraph?", "options": ["Since each cell is a miniature battery and a magnetic pole, there is biomagnetism", "There is an electric charge in the organism, which moves to produce a magnetic field", "There is a magnetic substance in the organism, which produces a magnetic field under the action of the external magnetic field", "A strong magnetic substance in an organism produces a magnetic field on its own"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1279, "answer": 1, "text": "Generally speaking, broken objects are always unbeautiful. But how to explain the fact that the remains of so many ancient buildings, sculptures and even daily necessities are considered beautiful? It may be because these remains with aesthetic value are of great value, either because of their considerable scale, or because of important practical functions, such as magnificent palaces, mausoleums, temples, city walls, ancient bridges, ancient pagodas, etc., it contains the extraordinary wisdom and great hard work of our predecessors, whether it is destroyed in war or natural disasters, it will arouse people's regret and caress the remains to think of the whole. There are a large number of such ancient buildings in the UNESCO World Heritage project, such as the Great Wall of China, the Parthenon in Greece, Angkor Wat in Cambodia and so on.", "question": "Which of the following is the main content of this text?", "options": ["How to appreciate ancient architecture", "Why ruins are beautiful", "What is the incomplete beauty of architecture", "Selection criteria of World Heritage"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10604, "answer": 3, "text": "Travel agent: Although most low-fare airlines have had few, if any, accidents, very few such airlines have been in existence long enough for their safety records to be reliably established. Major airlines, on the other hand, usually have longstanding records reliably indicating their degree of safety. Hence, passengers are safer on a major airline than on one of the newer low-fare airlines.", "question": "Of the following, which one is the criticism to which the reasoning in the travel agent's argument is most vulnerable?", "options": ["The argument takes for granted that airlines that are the safest are also the most reliable in documenting their safety.", "The argument draws a general conclusion about how safe passengers are on different airlines on the basis of safety records that are each from too brief a period to adequately justify such a conclusion.", "The argument fails to address adequately the possibility that the average major airline has had a total number of accidents as great as the average low-fare airline has had.", "The argument fails to consider the possibility that long-standing and reliable records documenting an airline's degree of safety may indicate that the airline is unsafe."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8338, "answer": 3, "text": "Any enterprise that exists in the society is a social enterprise. Society is the stage for entrepreneurs to display their talents. Only entrepreneurs who sincerely return to society and earnestly fulfill their social responsibilities can be truly recognized by the society and meet the requirements of the times.", "question": "According to the above statement, which of the followings can be inferred?", "options": ["If entrepreneurs meet the requirements of the times, they will be truly recognized by the society.", "If entrepreneurs give full display their talents, enterprises will exist in the society for a long time.", "If entrepreneurs sincerely return to the society, then it is the entrepreneurs who meet the requirements of the times.", "If entrepreneurs do not fulfill their social responsibilities, they will not be really recognized by the society."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5821, "answer": 2, "text": "Material evidence refers to material traces and objects that can prove the true circumstances of a case. Physical evidence is characterized by its appearance, quality, characteristics and location, reflecting some facts of the case, which can be used to prove the truth of the case.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options belongs to material evidence?", "options": ["There was a traffic accident on the expressway, the scene photo taken by the traffic police when surveying the scene", "In the trial of a vicious murder case, the witness was worried about retaliation and refused to appear in court to testify, and provided a tape recording the testimony", "A stolen vehicle recovered by the police in a certain area during an operation against motor vehicle theft", "According to the fingerprints taken by the police at the theft scene, the fingerprint identification report made by the appraisal staff"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13778, "answer": 2, "text": "In a study, shoppers who shopped in a grocery store without a shopping list and bought only items that were on sale for half price or less spent far more money on a comparable number of items than did shoppers in the same store who used a list and bought no sale items.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain the apparent paradox in the study's results?", "options": ["The grocery store in the study carries many expensive items that few other grocery stores carry.", "The shoppers who did not use lists bought many unnecessary items.", "Usually, only the most expensive items go on sale in grocery stores.", "Only the shoppers who used a list used a shopping cart."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 622, "answer": 2, "text": "The reverse fallacy refers to a logical error in judging whether an opinion is correct or not based on the result generated if a certain opinion is valid (or not).", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings has reverse fallacy?", "options": ["Because you are late, the customer is angry, and the company loses a big contract. Therefore, it's all your fault.", "Despite fears that tax increase. will adversely affect the lives of voters, politicians still support tax increase.", "If you don't listen to me, I will deduct your pocket money, so it is right for you to listen to me.", "Since I did eye exercises, my vision has dropped sharply, and it can be seen that eye exercises are not good."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9139, "answer": 1, "text": "In ball games, it is wrong to use replay to decide a penalty, because no matter how many cameras follow the game on the field, some foul actions will inevitably be missed, and it is impossible to be aware of what happened to you in the past.", "question": "Which of the following options is most similar to the above argument?", "options": ["Knowledge is virtue, because no one does evil on purpose.", "We shouldn't want the police because they can't stop all criminal activities.", "Trial marriage is not immoral, because anyone who buys clothes can try it on.", "Faith cannot create reality, because taking something as real does not make it true."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12585, "answer": 0, "text": "The percentage of households with an annual income of more than $40, 000 is higher in Merton county than in any other county. However, the percentage of households with an annual income of $60, 000 or more is highest in Sommer county.", "question": "If the statements above are true, which of the following can properly be concluded on the basis of them?", "options": ["Some households in Merton county have an annual income between $40, 000 and $60, 000.", "No household in Merton county has an annual income of $60, 000 or more.", "The percentage of households with an annual income of $80, 000 is higher in Sommer than in Merton county.", "The number of households with an annual income of more than $40, 000 is greater in Merton than in Sommer county."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8967, "answer": 2, "text": "There are seven candidates hired by Haier: F, G, H, I, W, X and Y, of which one needs to be assigned to the public relations department, three to the production department and three to the sales department. The personnel allocation of these seven employees must meet the following conditions: (1) H and Y must be assigned to the same department. (2) F and G cannot be assigned to the same department. (3) if X is assigned to the sales department, W is assigned to the production department. (4) F must be assigned to the production department.", "question": "If which of the following statements is true, the allocation of seven employees can be fully determined?", "options": ["F and W are assigned to the production department", "G and Y are assigned to the sales department", "I and W are assigned to the sales department", "I and W are assigned to the production department"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7249, "answer": 2, "text": "Only when the EU stops importing agricultural products from third countries and the security of Africa is guaranteed can the volunteers of international green organizations increase significantly. The security of Africa comes from the joint efforts of the whole international community, but such efforts are impossible due to the conflict of interests between some major countries in the world,", "question": "Which of the followings can be infered", "options": ["The EU has stopped importing agricultural products from third countries", "The EU has not stopped importing agricultural products from third countries", "There was no significant increase in volunteers from international green organizations", "There was significant increase in volunteers from international green organizations"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5911, "answer": 3, "text": "Artificial intelligence can imitate human intelligence and behavior, perceive the environment and make decisions and plans in a complex and changeable unknown environment, so as to actively perform tasks or complete set goals.", "question": "According to the definition, which of the following belongs to the category of artificial intelligence?", "options": ["After the user adds the clothes, the fully automatic washing machine can automatically complete a series of washing processes such as water filling, washing, water changing and drying", "The assembly line robot can complete the assembly work of different parts of different machinery and equipment according to the parameters preset by the engineer", "The personality test software can calculate according to the tester's various input parameters and according to the designed algorithm, so as to give the tester's personality description", "The robot dog newly developed by Sony Corporation of Japan can identify men and women according to the characteristics of people's clothes and appearance, and greet different people with Hello, Mr. and Hello, Miss"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7772, "answer": 0, "text": "Because the suspect sells the fake medicine to the pharmacy, the coverage is very wide and the social harm is extremely big. In particular, first-aid drugs such as heart-saving pills, once patients make fake drugs in river, the consequences are unimaginable. An investigation by a public security bureau found that those fake drugs not only have high manufacturing technology and packaging level, but also are popular well-known brands in the current market. The sales volume is astonishing and the purchase price is close to the production cost.", "question": "Which of the following can be inferred?", "options": ["There must be a fake pharmaceutical factory and distribution network with a huge production capacity.", "Suspect sells fake drugs like heart-saving pills.", "Some of the most harmful criminal activities in society include the sale of fake medicine with a high level of technology.", "The dens selling fake medicine should be smashed as soon as possible."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8140, "answer": 1, "text": "There is a very complex relationship between genes, traits and diseases. the most primitive way to decipher this relationship is the gene linkage analysis established in the middle of the last century: by comparing the similarities and differences of chromosome bands or genetic markers of different members of families affected by genetic diseases, locate disease-causing genes on chromosomes. This method has made a lot of achievements in the study of single-gene genetic diseases, but its disadvantage is that the resolution is limited, so it is difficult to accurately locate a single gene.", "question": "Which of the followings is the main content of this text?", "options": ["It is difficult to accurately decipher the relationship between genes and diseases", "There are obvious defects in the method of gene linkage analysis", "It is easier to find out the cause of single gene hereditary disease", "Gene analysis is helpful to the accurate treatment of genetic diseases"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4786, "answer": 2, "text": "In recent years, in order to avoid coal mine safety accidents, many coal mines have strengthened their emphasis on safe production. Public information shows: Before 2000, China's coal mine accidents killed tens of thousands of people every year. Since 2000, accidents have died every year,the number began to be controlled below 7,000. In 2003, the death toll was 6,434; in 2004, 6,027; in 2005, 5,986; in 2006, a total of 4,746 deaths occurred in coal mines across the country. Therefore, we have concluded that as long as coal mine owners are pay adequate attention to safety production can effectively curb the occurrence of mining accidents.", "question": "Which of the following can weaken the above conclusion the most?", "options": ["In recent years, coal mine owners have not really implemented the management methods such as the construction of safety production facilities, capital investment, publicity and education, etc", "In recent years, coal mine safety has attracted great attention from relevant departments, and the state's capital investment in safety production has continued to increase", "In recent years, the state has forcibly closed a large number of illegal small coal mines without safety guarantees", "In recent years, some coal mines with good geological conditions and high safety have started construction"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14968, "answer": 0, "text": "Climatologists believe they know why Earth has undergone a regular sequence of ice ages beginning around 800, 000 years ago. Calculations show that Earth' s orbit around the Sun has fluctuations that coincide with the ice-age cycles. The climatologists hypothesize that when the fluctuations occur, Earth passes through clouds of cosmic dust that enters the atmosphere; the cosmic dust thereby dims the Sun, resulting in an ice age. They concede, however, that though cosmic dust clouds are common, the clouds would have to be particularly dense in order to have this effect.", "question": "Each of the following, if true, would lend support to the climatologists' hypothesis EXCEPT:", "options": ["Large bits of cosmic rock periodically enter Earth's atmosphere, raising large amounts of dust from Earth's surface.", "Earth's average temperature drops slightly shortly after volcanic eruptions spew large amounts of dust into Earth's atmosphere.", "Earth did not pass through clouds of cosmic dust earlier than 800, 000 years ago.", "Two large asteroids collided 800, 000 years ago, producing a tremendous amount of dense cosmic dust that continues to orbit the Sun."], "type": {"Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12005, "answer": 0, "text": "Electric washing machines, first introduced in the United States in 1925, significantly reduced the amount of time spent washing a given amount of clothes, yet the average amount of time households spent washing clothes increased after 1925. This increase is partially accounted for by the fact that many urban households had previously sent their clothes to professional laundries. But the average amount of time spent washing clothes also increased for rural households with no access to professional laundries.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain why the time spent washing clothes increased in rural areas?", "options": ["People with access to an electric washing machine typically wore their clothes many fewer times before washing them than did people without access to electric washing machines.", "The earliest electric washing machines required the user to spend much more time beside the machine than do modern electric washing machines.", "In the 1920s and 1930s the proportion of rural households with electricity was smaller than the proportion of urban households with electricity.", "People living in urban households that had previously sent their clothes to professional laundries typically owned more clothes than did people living in rural households."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14094, "answer": 2, "text": "Mate is a beverage found in much of South America. While it is uncertain where mate was first made, there are more varieties of it found in Paraguay than anywhere else. Also, mate is used more widely there than anywhere else. Ttherefore, Paraguay is likely the place where mate originated.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument?", "options": ["Many Paraguayans believe that the best mate is found in Paraguay.", "It is rare for there to be a great variety of types of a beverage in a place where the beverage has not been in use for a very long time.", "Typically, the longer a beverage has been in use in a particular place, the more widely that beverage is used there.", "There are few places outside of South America where mate is regularly consumed."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14003, "answer": 2, "text": "Researchers have discovered that caffeine can be as physically addictive as other psychoactive substances. Some people find that they become unusually depressed, drowsy, or even irritable if they do not have their customary dose of caffeine. This is significant because as many people consume caffeine as consume any one of the other addictive psychoactive substances.", "question": "Which one of the following can be logically concluded from the information above?", "options": ["Not all substances to which people can become physically addicted are psychoactive.", "If one is physically addicted to a psychoactive substance, one will become unusually depressed when one is no longer ingesting that substance.", "If alcohol is a physically addictive psychoactive substance, there are not more people who consume alcohol than consume caffeine.", "There is no psychoactive substance to which more people are physically addicted than are addicted to caffeine."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3304, "answer": 0, "text": "Article 9 of my country's Law on the Protection of Juveniles stipulates: People's governments at all levels implement the management of compulsory education; it is both a statutory right and a statutory obligation. In the case of minors not filing a lawsuit, governments at all levels can rely on their powers. File a civil lawsuit.", "question": "Which of the following options can be inferred?", "options": ["The state effectively guarantees the right of minors to education through the system", "People's governments at all levels are the undertakers of compulsory education", "my country has achieved universal compulsory education", "Governments at all levels have fulfilled their obligations"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10563, "answer": 2, "text": "One theater plans to present seven plays over seven weeks in the fall. They are F, G., J, K, O, R, S. There is one play a week, and each play runs exactly one week. The repertory must meet the following conditions :(1) G must be performed in the third week. (2) O and S cannot be performed continuously. (3) K must be staged before J and S. (4) F and J must be scheduled to perform in two consecutive weeks.", "question": "If R is arranged in the fifth week and O in the second week, which of the following arrangements is available?", "options": ["Two kinds", "Three kinds", "Five kinds", "Six kinds"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9943, "answer": 2, "text": "In one study, 51 volunteers from middle school students were divided into a test group and a control group and trained in the same math skills. During the five-day training, the researchers used a technique called transcranial random noise stimulation to deliver mild shocks to areas of the brain thought to be related to computing power in 25 members of the test group. The results of subsequent tests showed that the ability to perform mathematical operations of the members of the test group was significantly higher than that of the control group. To their surprise, the improvement of this ability can last at least half a year. As a result, the researchers believe that to deliver mild shocks in the brain can improve the brain's ability to calculate.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, best supports the above view of the researchers?", "options": ["This kind of non-invasive stimulation is cheap and will not bring any pain to the human body.", "After delivering mild shocks to the brain, the blood flow between neurons in the brain increased significantly, but returned to normal after repeated stimulation.", "Before the experiment, the math scores of the two groups were about the same.", "Subjects with delivering mild shocks to the brain were more concerned about their behavior and were more focused during the test."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4553, "answer": 2, "text": "Due to gene mutation, cells proliferate and differentiate uncontrollably, and eventually develop into malignant tumors. There are many abnormal proteins encoded by mutant genes on the surface of cancer cells. It is reasonable to say that these abnormal proteins should be recognized by the body's immune system in time, and trigger an immune response to remove cancer cells at one stroke. However, due to the rapid development of tumor cells, they are very good at camouflage, Moreover, it is constantly mutated. In the face of fierce and resourceful tumor cells, the originally powerful immune cells seem to be unable and even turn a blind eye to some tumor cells. The immunosuppression formed in the tumor microenvironment makes the immune system paralyzed.", "question": "According to the above information, which of the following studies may contribute to the development of effective antitumor drugs?", "options": ["The researchers sequenced the DNA of tumor cells and healthy cells of each patient to identify tumor specific mutations and identify related abnormal proteins", "Scientists use immunotherapy to try to transform immune T cells that are indifferent to tumor cells and make them return to the battlefield", "Scientists compare the lifestyle and personality characteristics of patients with malignant tumors with those of healthy people to find out the risk factors inducing tumor incidence", "Scientists used mice to test and injected the extracted tumor abnormal protein into mice as a vaccine to stimulate and enhance their immune response"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11070, "answer": 3, "text": "Professor Hartley' s new book on moral philosophy contains numerous passages that can be found verbatim in an earlier published work by Hartley' s colleague, Professor Lawrence. Ttherefore, in view of the fact that these passages were unattributed in Hartley' s book, Hartley has been dishonest in not acknowledging the intellectual debt owed to Lawrence.", "question": "Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument is based?", "options": ["Hartley considered the passages in question to be the best possible expressions of the ideas they contain.", "Hartley could not have written the new book without the passages in question.", "A book on moral philosophy should contain only material representing the author's own convictions.", "Lawrence did not get the ideas in the passages in question or did not get their formulations originally from Hartley."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3076, "answer": 3, "text": "One belt, one road to life is the only slogan that can only be achieved if we integrate the ideals of life into the cause of the nation and the nation. This is not an empty slogan. From the volunteer action of the Wenchuan earthquake to the torch relay of the Beijing Olympic Games, from the anti - Tibetan independence anti - Tibetan independence to the youth spreading, the young generation has a strong sense of national confidence and national honor. The times also requires us to shoulder the important task of national rejuvenation with a solid shoulder. Whether it is a young college student in the ivory tower, a young village official rooted at the grass-roots level, or an express brother walking through the streets and small ports, as long as we do our job well, we are not contributing to our country and home? Bring your personal dreams into the current of the times, let your vigorous youth resonate with your family and country, and make the color of life more gorgeous.", "question": "Which of the following options is most suitable for the title of this paragraph?", "options": ["The background of youth is always struggle", "Let youth be inspired by dreams", "Let youth be wonderful because of hard work", "In youth, it is thick because of dedication"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4209, "answer": 1, "text": "If your home is a new building after 2006, it will have an exterior insulation.", "question": "Based on the above materials, which of the following options is correct?", "options": ["Only after 2006 did the newly built buildings have insulation with exterior walls", "All new buildings built after 2006 have insulation with exterior walls", "Some buildings built before 2006 also have insulation on the exterior walls", "All buildings built prior to 2006 do not have insulation with exterior walls"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14620, "answer": 2, "text": "Tom: Critics of recent high court decisions claim that judges' willingness to abide by earlier decisions is necessary to avoid legal chaos. Since high courts of the past often repudiated legal precedents and no harm to the legal system ensued, these critics' objections must be politically motivated and ought to be ignored. Mary: High courts have repudiated precedents in the past, but they were careful to do so only when the previous rulings were old and had clearly become outdated. The recently overturned rulings were themselves recent. Overturning any recent legal ruling diminishes the law, which comes to be viewed as unstable and capricious.", "question": "Which one of the following most accurately expresses the point at issue between Tom and Mary?", "options": ["whether the overturning of recent high court precedents was politically motivated", "whether judicial decisions that seem progressive at first can quickly become outdated", "whether the overturning of recent high court precedents will harm the legal system", "whether critics of recent high court decisions in fact advanced the claim Tom cites"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5812, "answer": 2, "text": "Peak experience refers to a feeling of spiritual satisfaction and perfection that reaches the peak and surpasses time and space and self in the pursuit of self-realization after the pursuit and satisfaction of basic needs. This feeling can only be understood but cannot be expressed in words.", "question": "Which of the following is not peak experience?", "options": ["The psychological experience of an athlete stepping onto the Olympic podium", "Psychological experience of scientists when they won the Nobel Prize", "The audience witnessed the psychological experience of human beings when they first stepped on the moon", "Psychological experience when receiving the ideal university admission notice through ten years of hard study"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11124, "answer": 0, "text": "Arbitrator: The shipping manager admits that he decided to close the old facility on October 14 and to schedule the new facility' s opening for October 17, the following Monday. But he also claims that he is not responsible for the business that was lost due to the new facility' s failing to open as scheduled. He blames the contractor for not finishing on time, but he too, is to blame, for he was aware of the contractor' s typical delays and should have planned for this contingency.", "question": "Which one of the following principles underlies the arbitrator's argument?", "options": ["A manager should take foreseeable problems into account when making decisions.", "A manager should be held responsible for mistakes made by those whom the manager directly supervises.", "A manager, and only a manager, should be held responsible for a project's failure.", "A manager should be able to depend on contractors to do their jobs promptly."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9766, "answer": 0, "text": "The frequent occurrence of violent injuries to doctors may have made many people feel powerless, but powerlessness does not mean that they are numb. According to the data released by the Supreme people's Procuratorate in March 2019, procuratorial organs prosecuted a total of 3202 people for crimes such as violent injury to doctors and gathering crowds to disturb doctors in 2018. Although the number has dropped by 29% compared with the same period last year, the absolute number is still not low. And this is only a case clearly brought into the judicial track. In this regard, of course, we can not exaggerate and magnify the conflict between doctors and patients, but in the governance side, we can not underestimate the probability of its occurrence. It is true that the professional environment of doctors and level of security doctors still need to be improved.", "question": "According to this passage, which of the following options is correct?", "options": ["The governance of the relationship between doctors and patients still needs to be strengthened.", "The phenomenon of violent injuries to doctors has been effectively controlled.", "The contradiction between doctors and patients has been alleviated.", "There is nothing people can do about violence."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13222, "answer": 2, "text": "Some paleontologists believe that certain species of dinosaurs guarded their young in protective nests long after the young hatched. As evidence, they cite the discovery of fossilized hadrosaur babies and adolescents in carefully designed nests. But similar nests for hatchlings and adolescents are constructed by modern crocodiles, even though crocodiles guard their young only for a very brief time after they hatch. Hence, __.", "question": "Which one of the following most logically completes the argument?", "options": ["paleontologists who believe that hadrosaurs guarded their young long after the young hatched have no evidence to support this belief", "we will never be able to know the extent to which hadrosaurs guarded their young", "the construction of nests for hatchlings and adolescents is not strong evidence for the paleontologists' belief", "it is unclear whether what we learn about hadrosaurs from their fossilized remains tells us anything about other dinosaurs"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11057, "answer": 2, "text": "In every case of political unrest in a certain country, the police have discovered that some unknown person or persons organized and fomented that unrest. Clearly, ttherefore, behind all the cases of political unrest in that country there has been a single mastermind who organized and fomented them all.", "question": "The flawed reasoning in the argument above most closely parallels that in which one of the following?", "options": ["Every telephone number in North America has an area code, so there must be at least as many area codes as telephone numbers in North America.", "Every loss of a single hair is insignificant, so no one who has a full head of hair at twenty ever becomes bald.", "Every citizen of Edmonton has a social insurance number, so there must be one number that is the social insurance number for all citizens of Edmonton.", "Every Chicago driver has a number on his or her license, so the number on some Chicago driver's license is the exact average of the numbers on all Chicago drivers' licenses."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4166, "answer": 0, "text": "According to the TV ratings survey, more young people watch sports programs than the middle-aged people and elderly people.", "question": "Which of the following can be inferred?", "options": ["Sports programs may be more suitable for the interests of young people.", "Sports programmes are prepared for young people.", "Middle-aged people and elderly people don't like sports programs.", "Young people are better at sports than middle-aged people."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12988, "answer": 1, "text": "Anthropologist: Violence is an extreme form of aggression, and is distinct from the self-expression sufficient for survival under normal conditions. Human beings in certain situations react to unpleasant stimuli with violence -- but only because they are conditioned by their culture to react in this manner.", "question": "Each of the following can be logically inferred from the anthropologist's statements EXCEPT:", "options": ["Violent behavior is a product of one's cultural environment.", "The self-expression required for survival is generally nonagressive.", "Some behaviors are influenced by the cultures in which human beings live.", "Not all aggression is violent."], "type": {"Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2755, "answer": 2, "text": "Professor Lin suffers from bronchitis. In order to achieve curative effect, Dr. Zhang asked Professor Lin to quit smoking immediately.", "question": "Which of the followings must be assumed in order to make Dr. Zhang's request persuasive?", "options": ["Dr. Zhang is an experienced expert in the treatment of bronchitis.", "Smoking is the main cause of bronchitis.", "Smoking in patients with bronchitis will seriously affect the treatment effect.", "Severe bronchitis will lead to emphysema."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7636, "answer": 2, "text": "A few milliseconds of reaction time is critical when a speeding car needs to brake immediately. Sometimes, just a few meters away is the key to life and death. Recently, researchers used a simulated driving system and eye tracking technology to test the speed at which five groups of subjects responded to moving traffic signs. It was found that moving traffic signs did make subjects react more quickly. Therefore, they suggested that the relevant departments should replace all the original traffic warning signs with more dynamic signs in order to improve the reaction speed of drivers.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, is the best indicator that the researchers' recommendations are not meeting their goals?", "options": ["The replacement of the original traffic warning signs is a huge and complicated project, which requires huge cost.", "Among the five groups of subjects selected by the researchers, some did not have a long driving experience and some did not even know how to drive.", "When drivers understand the practical significance of the more dynamic traffic warning signs, their reaction speed will be reduced to the previous level.", "If the person in the picture seems to be running, it is easy to associate the image of pedestrians rushing past your car."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11335, "answer": 0, "text": "Of the two proposals for solving the traffic problems on Main Street, Chen' s plan is better for the city as a whole, as is clear from the fact that the principal supporter of Ripley' s plan is Smith Stores. Smith Stores, with its highly paid consultants, knows where its own interest lies and, moreover, has supported its own interests in the past, even to the detriment of the city as a whole.", "question": "The faulty reasoning in which one of the following is most parallel to that in the argument above?", "options": ["The planned light-rail system will clearly serve suburban areas well, since its main opponent is the city government, which has always ignored the needs of the suburbs and sought only to protect the interests of the city.", "Nomura is clearly a better candidate for college president than Miller, since Nomura has the support of the three deans who best understand the president's job and with whom the president will have to work most closely.", "The school board should support the plan for the new high school since this plan was recommended by the well-qualified consultants whom the school board hired at great expense.", "Surely Centreville should oppose adoption of the regional planning commission's new plan since it is not in Centreville's interest, even though it might be in the interest of some towns in the region."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6123, "answer": 0, "text": "In the cinema chain in the United States, whether it is a blockbuster movie or a low-cost production, the ticket price is the same. This does not seem to be in line with the economic theory that the size of demand determines the price. Some researchers pointed out that the ticket prices of all movies released in any theater at the same time were the same, and this phenomenon formed in the 1970s. This is not only the case in the film industry, but also sports events and performances. Although in certain times and in certain regions, mobile pricing can make film companies and theaters obtain higher revenue, but for theaters, keeping the same ticket prices for different movies still has more advantages than disadvantages.", "question": "Which of the followings is most likely to be said next in this passage?", "options": ["Reasons why the same ticket price for different movies is more beneficial to the cinema. ", "The main reference factors for the US film industry to determine ticket prices.", "The relationship between film production costs and audience demand and film pricing.", "The formation law of the ticket price of other industries such as sports events and performances."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3255, "answer": 3, "text": "Suppose if Zhang Nan and Lin Feng are not volunteers, then Yangmei is a volunteer is the premise, Lin Feng is a volunteer is the conclusion", "question": "Which of the following is the premise of the above argument?", "options": ["Zhang Nan is a volunteer", "Yang mei is not a volunteer", "Both Yang mei and Zhang Nan are volunteers", "Neither Yang nor Zhang is a volunteer"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1906, "answer": 3, "text": "In the process of policy implementation, there is still a lack of strong institutions from top to bottom to inspect and supervise the implementation of various policies. Often, whenever there are problems that need to be solved, they issue a document, make some new regulations, or set up new institutions, and pay less attention to the implementation of these policies. Due to the lack of supervision and guarantee system for the implementation of laws, regulations or policy documents, whether they are implemented or not is the same. Over time, the wind that orders are not carried out and prohibitions are still arbitrary will naturally prevail.", "question": "Which of the following options is the argument supported by this sentence?", "options": ["We must act as soon as there is an order and stop as soon as there is a ban.", "It is necessary to strengthen the implementation of policies.", "It is necessary to strengthen the construction of policy enforcement agencies.", "The supervision and inspection of policy implementation must be strengthened."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4321, "answer": 3, "text": "Civil juristic acts refer to the legal acts of citizens or legal persons to establish, modify, and terminate civil rights and civil obligations, including civil juristic acts with a time limit and civil juristic acts with conditions. The conditions attached to a civil juristic act are agreed by the actor to occur in the future Uncertain legal facts. A civil juristic act with a time limit refers to a civil juristic act in which a certain period is agreed in a civil juristic act, and the arrival of that period is a prerequisite for the occurrence, modification, and elimination of the actor's civil rights, obligations.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following are conditional civil legal acts?", "options": ["A and B have a grievance. In order to retaliate, A privately negotiated with C and promised that if C hurts B, he will give C 500 yuan", "A said to B, If the sun rises from the west, I will give you a house", "A and B agree that B must withdraw the money 20 days after the conclusion of the contract", "A said to B, If my daughter is transferred to work in another place, I will rent the house to you"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1693, "answer": 1, "text": "Although a major part of some fireproof buildings are made of refractory materials, they can be spread and completely destroyed by flammable materials in foyers and other passageways. These buildings may even suffer severe structural damage from the collapse of metal beams and columns.", "question": "Which of the following is the main argument supported?", "options": ["The damage caused by fire is less than that caused by the collapse of metal supports", "Could be severely damaged by fire", "Foyer and hallway access allowed the fire to spread", "The protection of various facilities in the building is not as good as that of ordinary buildings"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4933, "answer": 0, "text": "In a trial, the judges voted for all the contestants,", "question": "Which of the followings can be deduced from this?", "options": ["All the contestants got at least one pass ticket", "All the contestants passed", "Did any of the judges vote for the contestants", "More than one judge voted for all the contestants"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3337, "answer": 3, "text": "Last year, a shopping mall sold 20 million yuan in two days on national day. This year, the shopping mall is expected to reach 70 million yuan during National Day.", "question": "Which of the following best supports the above reasoning?", "options": ["During the national day the year before last, the sales in the first five days reached 50 million yuan.", "During the national day, shopping has become people's main choice.", "The mall not only has convenient transportation and comfortable shopping environment, but also has high commodity quality and warm and thoughtful service. Locals like to go shopping in the mall.", "During the National Day every year, the mall found that the daily sales were almost the same."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12215, "answer": 0, "text": "In a recent study, researchers collected current prices for the 300 most common pharmaceutical drugs from the leading wholesalers specializing in bulk sales. It was found that these prices average 60 to 80 percent below the suggested wholesale prices listed for the same drugs in the current annual edition of a widely used, independently published pharmaceutical price guidebook.", "question": "Each of the following, if true, would help to explain the situation described above EXCEPT:", "options": ["Suggested wholesale prices for the most common pharmaceutical drugs tend to be less than those for less common pharmaceutical drugs.", "Wholesale prices for pharmaceutical drugs often fluctuate dramatically from one month to the next.", "The prices suggested by the independently published pharmaceutical price guidebook are for sales of relatively small quantities of pharmaceutical drugs to individual doctors.", "A price war wherein pharmaceutical drug wholesalers tried to undercut each others' prices began shortly before the study was conducted."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2257, "answer": 0, "text": "The development gap measured by per capita income implies a difference in the structure of resource endowment, that is, developed regions have relatively rich capital factors, so they have a comparative advantage in capital-intensive industries. The relatively undeveloped regions have the comparative advantages of abundant labor and low production cost. The difference of resource endowment structure between the eastern and western regions can undoubtedly become the opportunity for the economic development of the central and western regions to catch up.", "question": "Which of the following statements is not true?", "options": ["The differences in resource endowments in different regions have advantages and disadvantages", "Developed regions are relatively short of labor", "The Midwest can take advantage of its labor abundance", "Capital intensive industries are concentrated in the east"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13196, "answer": 1, "text": "Federal investigators, called in at the request of the management of Ploutos National Bank, recently apprehended a ring of seven embezzlers from among the bank' s employees. The bank management decided to call in the federal investigators when they were unable to account for millions of dollars missing in their budget for this year. All the funds those seven individuals embezzled have been returned to the bank, and that accounts for about two thirds of the total amount missing. All seven of the accused have plea-bargained to avoid trial and are now serving in prison on reduced sentences.", "question": "Which of following conclusions can most properly be drawn from the information above?", "options": ["Federal investigators have the means at their disposal to detect any large illegal transfers of money.", "The Ploutos National Bank still has reason to suspect more embezzlers beyond the seven apprehended by Federal investigators.", "In initiating a federal investigation of their own company, the managers of Ploutos National Bank were subject to no fees from the federal government.", "The seven embezzlers would have wound up with longer prison sentences if they had not plea bargained."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2706, "answer": 2, "text": "Candidates who pass the examination and pass the physical examination will be admitted. Therefore, if Li Ming passes the exam but is not admitted, he must fail the physical examination.", "question": "Which of the following is most similar to the above argument?", "options": ["If tomorrow is a holiday and the weather is fine, Xiao Wu will climb the mountain. Therefore, if Xiao Wu did not climb the mountain, then the next day must not be a holiday or bad weather.", "If a number is divisible by 3 and divisible by 5, then the number is divisible by 15. Therefore, if a number is divisible by 3 but not divisible by 5, then the number must not be divisible by 15.", "If the employees of Unit A go to Guangzhou on business and go alone, they will all take the high-speed rail. Therefore, if Xiao Wu of Unit A goes to Guangzhou on business, but does not take the high-speed rail, then he must not go alone.", "If it is spring and rain water is abundant, the weeds here are rich. Therefore, if the weeds here are rich, but rain water is not abundant, then it must not be spring."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11130, "answer": 1, "text": "If the flowers Drew received today had been sent by someone who knows Drew well, that person would have known that Drew prefers violets to roses. Yet Drew received roses. On the other hand, if the flowers had been sent by someone who does not know Drew well, then that person would have sent a signed card with the flowers. Yet Drew received no card. Ttherefore, the florist must have made some sort of mistake: either Drew was supposed to receive violets, or a card, or these flowers were intended for someone else.", "question": "Which one of the following statements, if true, most weakens the argument?", "options": ["Some people who know Drew well have sent Drew cards along with flowers.", "Some people send flowers for a reason other than the desire to please.", "Most people send roses when they send flowers.", "Someone who does not know Drew well would be unlikely to send Drew flowers."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10433, "answer": 3, "text": "One study showed that eating celery could help curb aggressive emotions. 151 women were surveyed. Of the women who said they ate celery regularly, 95 percent said they were rarely aggressive or outright provoked. Of the women who didn't eat celery regularly, 53 percent said they were often anxious, angry, and aggressive.", "question": "Which of the following statements weakens the above conclusion, except?", "options": ["Those women who often eat celery pay more attention to fitness, and fitness consumes a lot of physical energy, is very tired, and suppresses aggressive emotions.", "Female respondents were suggestible and more cooperative, cooperating with researchers, consciously or not, to answer questions in the direction they wanted.", "Like the placebo effect, the claim that eating celery inhibits aggressive emotions sparked a range of psychological and spiritual activities in female respondents that made them feel less aggressive.", "Celery has the effects of calming the liver and clearing heat, eliminating vexation and swelling, detoxifying and promoting the lungs, strengthening the stomach and blood, lowering blood pressure, and strengthening the brain and calming."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8215, "answer": 3, "text": "In the era of mobile reading, the influence of self-media cannot be underestimated. Due to its wider communication paths and distribution channels, it has received a high degree of public attention, and self-media people have a certain right to speak. Compared with traditional media organizations, some self-media people are indeed not inferior, and their credibility has brought them benefits. However, credibility is a double-edged sword. We-media people must not only see the interests behind the traffic, but also recognize the negative effects of abusing their credibility. Miscalculated. The consequences of abusing the right to speak will directly affect the credibility that you have built up so hard, and you will lose the support and attention of the public.", "question": "Which of the followings is the emphasis of this text?", "options": ["Self-media has a strong influence", "We self-media people should not only focus on profits", "Self-media people should seek public support", "The right to speak in the self-media cannot be abused"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10165, "answer": 3, "text": "The members of the printing group and the bookbinding group are mainly from the following seven employees - F, G, H, J, K, L and M. The members of each group must meet the following conditions: (1) Each group has at least 3 employees . (2) F and K cannot be in the same group. (3) If K is in a certain group, J must also be in this group. (4) M is a member of at least one of these two groups. (5) Both groups have at least one same employee.", "question": "If both K and L are members of two groups, and the printing group has exactly three members, then which of the following statements must be true?", "options": ["F in the printing group", "F is in the bookbinding group", "G in the printing group", "M is in the bookbinding group"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8065, "answer": 0, "text": "Similar empirical knowledge of ancient Greece and ancient China produced similar theoretical insights, such as Aristotle's and Mohist Classics' understanding of leverage principle. However, the initial mechanics theory of ancient Greece soon developed into a synthesis of theoretical knowledge, while the mechanical tradition of Chinese Mohism was interrupted after the warring states period. Ancient Chinese science is not good at observing and recognizing the movement of objects and forming a systematic theory, which is an obvious weakness. In contrast, the Chinese have made more outstanding achievements in solving practical problems.", "question": "Which of the following options is intended to be explained in this paragraph?", "options": ["The characteristics of scientific development in Ancient China.", "The reasons for the interruption of scientific tradition in ancient China.", "The initial study of mechanics in ancient China is not inferior to the ancient Greece.", "The incompleteness of mechanical theory is the weakness of scientific research in ancient China."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2091, "answer": 3, "text": "Beber's law means that when someone experiences a strong stimulus, the first big stimulus can dilute the influence of the second small stimulus.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following verses does not conform to the connotation of Beber's law?", "options": ["After seeing the rough sea, the water in other places is not worth mentioning", "After visiting the five mountains (Dongyue Taishan, Xiyue Huashan, Nanyue Hengshan, Beiyue Hengshan, Zhongyue Songshan), I never put other mountains in the world in my eyes", "Parting for too long, slowly all the pain will be gradually forgotten by time", "I dreamt vaguely that I rode a war horse in iron armor across the frozen river."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7339, "answer": 0, "text": "Extended products refer to the sum of various benefits that customers receive when purchasing products.", "question": "Which of the following are extended products?", "options": ["A 4S store promised that customers who buy a car worth more than 250,000 will be given one year of insurance", "Users with platinum cards can enjoy a 20% discount on shopping in a certain mall", "A shopping mall's New Year's offer is that the top 100 customers can buy a new mobile phone for only 100 yuan", "After the XP system, Microsoft launched its upgraded version of the Vista operating system to meet customer needs"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3282, "answer": 1, "text": "Only those with good logical thinking ability and physics major background can be qualified for this position.", "question": "If the above statement is true, which of the following can't be true?", "options": ["Doctor Of physics Xiao Zhao is qualified for this post", "Xiao Li, who had never studied physics, was qualified for the post", "Xiao Liu has a background in physics, but he is not competent for this post", "Xiao Sun is not competent for this post, but his logical thinking ability is recognized by everyone"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8692, "answer": 3, "text": "An organization has investigated the average housing prices of three types of housing (villas, ordinary commercial rooms and comfortable housing) in cities A, B and C in eastern China, and the information released is as follows: according to the price of villa housing, from high to low is A, B, C; According to the price of ordinary commercial housing, from high to low is A, C, B; According to the price of comfortable housing, from high to low is B, A, C.", "question": "Which of the following judgments is wrong about the overall average housing price of residents in the above three cities?", "options": ["The overall average price of residential housing in City A is the highest", "The overall average price of housing in City B is in the middle", "The overall average price of housing in City C is the lowest", "The overall average price of residential housing in City A is the lowest"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5288, "answer": 3, "text": "A person's personality includes personality orientation and personality psychological characteristic. Personality orientation refers to a person's attitude towards objective reality, which is the basic motivation for people's activities, including needs, motivations, interests, ideals, world outlook, outlook on life, and values. Personality psychological characteristic refers to the typical, stable characteristics that individuals often show.", "question": "According to this definition, which of the followings is not the concept of personality?", "options": ["Character", "Temperament", "Ability", "Emotion"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1644, "answer": 2, "text": "Scientists have found that the rift and expansion at the bottom of the ocean never stops. The discovery may answer a question that has attracted people's attention. The Earth's daily time is 700 seconds longer than the previous day, that is, 0.5 seconds longer than the previous day, and it is predicted that in another 200 million years, there will be only 250 days in a year.", "question": "Which of the following is the most accurate answer to a question that has attracted people's attention?", "options": ["The bottom of the ocean rifts and expands, and the earth's running time is prolonged", "The rift at the bottom of the ocean expands, and the earth's travel time is shortened", "The bottom of the ocean rifts and expands, and the earth's rotation slows down", "The rift and subsidence at the bottom of the ocean expands and the rotation of the earth accelerates"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9288, "answer": 0, "text": "The case of Xu Yunhe in Tianjin: while driving, Xu Yunhe encountered Mrs. Wang crossing the guardrail in the center of the road. Mrs. Wang fell to the ground and was injured. Xu helped her up. Mrs. Wang insisted that she was hit by Xu. After judicial identification, Xu's car did not touch her. The court of first instance held that Xu was only four or five meters away from Mrs. Wang when she saw her, and that she must have fallen because she was frightened by Xu's car and ordered Xu to bear 40% of the responsibility and compensate Mrs. Wang 108606 yuan.", "question": "Which of the following statements best points out the flaws in the first instance of the case?", "options": ["The judge reasoned against common sense: Mrs. Wang crossed the guardrail illegally and should have expected a car in the driveway, while being frightened was usually when she saw something unexpected", "The verdict goes against traditional morality: like the Nanjing Pengyu case, it will deter the public from extending a helping hand to the injured", "The verdict did not clarify the facts, and the evidence was seriously insufficient. It was possible that Mrs. Wang fell first and then drove over", "The verdict reversed the cause and the result"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1958, "answer": 2, "text": "The map is originally a shape, it should not have people, and there can be no people, if there is a person in the map, it is not a map, but a picture. In the strict sense, this sentence should be a theorem, but when it comes to some tourist pictures, it is likely to turn a corner-there are often both scenery and characters in tourism. This is just like Mount Tai, Qin Shihuang must be mentioned in the tourist map of the Terracotta Warriors, emperors of the Ming Dynasty must be mentioned in the tourist map of the Ming Tombs, and Empress Dowager Cixi must be mentioned in the tourist map of the Summer Palace. Because in that environment, many scenes are produced by human activities as the starting point, but also because of human activities, its aesthetic value has increased.", "question": "Which of the following options is considered by the author of this passage?", "options": ["A map with characters is not a real map.", "Maps with characters can increase the aesthetic value of maps.", "Tourist maps must have landmarks, scenery and characters.", "A tourist map is also a kind of map."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5739, "answer": 3, "text": "The schematic function of a sentence refers to the expression of a certain notice, warning, command or request through a sentence, with the purpose of asking others to do or not to do a certain behavior in accordance with the thought expressed in the sentence.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following does not reflect the schematic function of the sentence?", "options": ["All students please come to the playground to gather.", "Please be sure not to trample on the lawn.", "Prohibit the production of fake and shoddy products.", "The sales department should be in a meeting now."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3384, "answer": 0, "text": "The diversity of the international community is conducive to learning from each other's strengths and complementing each other's weaknesses. No matter whether the social systems are the same or different, they can and should learn from each other; On the contrary, no one will want to learn if they are forced again. Countries should also find a convergence of interests and cooperate to solve the common problems faced by mankind. These areas of cooperation are very wide, such as sustainable development, pollution control, opposition to drugs and terrorist activities, etc.", "question": "Which of the following can be inferred?", "options": ["Countries with different social systems have many common problems.", "The differences in the degree of civilization between countries are narrowing day by day.", "The diversity of the international community has facilitated terrorist activities.", "One country can never learn from the shortcomings of another country."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8799, "answer": 3, "text": "The function of government is to meet the real needs of the people, and unless the government knows what those needs are, the government cannot meet those needs. Freedom of speech ensures that government officials hear such needs. Therefore, freedom of speech is essential to a healthy nation.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, does not weaken the above argument?", "options": ["The people, in most cases, do not know what they really need.", "Freedom of speech ultimately tends to disrupt social order, and good social order is a prerequisite for meeting the needs of the people.", "The legitimate function of government is not to meet the needs of the people, but to provide equal opportunities to the people.", "Freedom of speech is not sufficient to meet the needs of the people, and a good social order is also essential."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1864, "answer": 1, "text": "In the late Qing and early Ming dynasties, a group of Westerners went to the mountains of southwestern China for scientific research or poaching. Some of them found a small koala in the mountains, because the locals called it mountain bear or maoxiong. They also called it maoxiong in the article, why did maoxiong later become panda? After the Republic of China, some traditional books and periodicals changed from vertical to horizontal. However, the fundamental reason is that there is no clear classification of it in the field of zoology.", "question": "Which of the following is the main content of this text?", "options": ["This paper discusses how the panda enters the research field of vision", "Introduce the origin of the word panda", "Indicates that the scientific classification of pandas should be dealt with", "It shows that the misname panda has existed for a long time"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7207, "answer": 2, "text": "The Stockholm effect, also known as Stockholm syndrome, or hostage complex or hostage syndrome, refers to a phenomenon in which the victim of a crime has been subject to the perpetrator for a long time, and after being rescued, the perpetrator will have emotions, and even help the perpetrator.", "question": "According to the above definition, which one of the following situations does not belong to the Stockholm effect?", "options": ["A bank employee A was hijacked by a robber for four days and was rescued later, but she refused to testify against the robber and even raised funds to help the robber hire a defense lawyer.", "A teacher in a kindergarten was raped by the male parent for a year, and then the male parent's behavior was reported by others. But the teacher stated that she was purely voluntary and had fallen in love with the man.", "Xiaoli was robbed by a robber, and the robber was captured a month later. In the court, Xiaoli fell in love with the robber at first sight and dropped the accusation.", "A female college student was kidnapped for a week. Later, the kidnapper released her out of his conscience. Although she was bullied during that period, the kidnapper boiled hot water to wash her feet every night, so she believed that the kidnapper was a good person and wanted to fall in love with him after his release."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8047, "answer": 0, "text": "If you do a job just to make a living and don't like it, it's just your occupation. You do a job just because you like it and you don't care whether it brings benefits or not. this job is your career. Ideally, occupation and career are consistent and you can do what you like and make a living.", "question": "Which of the following options is the main description of this passage?", "options": ["Occupation and career.", "Make a living and ideal.", "Interest and job.", "Goal and reality."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 894, "answer": 2, "text": "Internal administrative actions refer to administrative actions within the administrative system or within the administrative agency, and are not within the scope of the people's courts for administrative litigation. Disputes arising from the dissatisfaction of such decisions by the staff of the administrative agency should be addressed by the higher-level agency or the supervisory personnel agency.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings is internal administrative actions?", "options": ["A certain university signed a contract with the cafeteria staff and made a decision to terminate the labor relation for the unqualified employees.", "The people's government of a certain place purchased a batch of computers to meet the needs of work. After the computer was installed, it was found that there were serious quality problems. The government decided to hold the sellers accountable.", "The people's government of a certain place issued an educational development program, requiring relevant departments to increase investment in education for primary and secondary schools, and strengthen their services to primary and secondary schools.", "A small and medium-sized enterprise bureau in a certain area networked the information of local small and medium-sized enterprises, and published the development needs of small and medium-sized enterprises on the Internet so as to solve problems at any time."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13046, "answer": 1, "text": "In 1992, a major newspaper circulated throughout North America paid its reporters an average salary that was much lower than the average salary paid by its principal competitors to their reporters. An executive of the newspaper argued that this practice was justified, since any shortfall that might exist in the reporters' salaries is fully compensated by the valuable training they receive through their assignments.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true about the newspaper in 1992, most seriously undermines the justification offered by the executive?", "options": ["The circulation of the newspaper had recently reached a plateau, after it had increased steadily throughout the 1980s.", "Most of the newspaper's reporters had worked there for more than ten years.", "The union that represented reporters at the newspaper was different from the union that represented reporters at the newspaper's competitors.", "The newspaper was widely read throughout continental Europe and Great Britain as well as North America."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3373, "answer": 1, "text": "Necessary conditions refer to the judgment relationship that there is no result without conditions, and there may not be a result with conditions. It is a condition opposite to sufficient and necessary conditions.", "question": "Which of the following columns is not a necessary condition?", "options": ["Only by admitting mistakes can we correct them.", "It's raining. The ground must be wet.", "If you don't respect others, you can't be respected by others.", "Only when horses eat enough grass can they run well."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7793, "answer": 1, "text": "Building a harmonious community is an important part of building a harmonious society. Only when the management system of the community is further improved can the social responsibility of the community be clarified. If the service level of the community is not improved, it can not meet the needs of the residents' rapid growth The construction of community management laws and regulations is an important prerequisite for the democratic self-government at the grass-roots level of the community, and strengthening the democratic self-government at the grass-roots level of the community is also conducive to the improvement of the community management system.", "question": "Which of the following can be inferred?", "options": ["If we can not improve the level of community services, we can not improve the quality of community services.", "If we do not further improve the management system of the community, we can not be clear about the community's social responsibilities.", "Only by strengthening the legal construction of community management can the social system of the community be clarified.", "Only by strengthening the democratic self-government at the grass-roots level can we meet the needs of the fast-growing population."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4748, "answer": 3, "text": "The new type of tablet is faster than the traditional tablet. It is installed with a new operating system. Therefore, the sales of the new type of tablet are better than that of the traditional tablet.", "question": "Which of the followings can weaken the above view the most?", "options": ["The use environment of some tablet users is different from that of ordinary people", "The most commonly used functions of traditional tablets are not found in new tablets", "The operating system of the new tablet is brand new", "No matter what operating system the tablet uses, the usage habits vary from person to person"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8057, "answer": 2, "text": "Today, people often know that tigers have always lived in the mountains, and they do not know the history of their withdrawal from the plains. During the Tang and Song dynasties, with the transfer of the economic and cultural center from the Yellow River basin to the Yangtze River basin, a large number of northern population moved southward and the South China tiger completely withdrew from the plain area. After that, idioms such as diverting the tiger from the mountain, letting the tiger return to the mountain and sitting on the mountain to watch the tiger fight showed that people had mistakenly regarded the tiger as a mountain species at that time and did not know that the tiger was forced up the mountain because of human activities.", "question": "Which of the following options is the most accurate summary of the gist of this passage?", "options": ["Clarify people's misunderstandings about the living areas of tigers.", "Describe the history of tigers retreating to the mountains with human activities.", "It explains the background of the time when the tiger was forced to go up the mountain.", "Analyze the influence of human activities on the living environment of tigers."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12012, "answer": 0, "text": "In order to withstand tidal currents, juvenile horseshoe crabs frequently burrow in the sand. Such burrowing discourages barnacles from clinging to their shells. When fully grown, however, the crabs can readily withstand tidal currents without burrowing, and thus they acquire substantial populations of barnacles. Surprisingly, in areas where tidal currents are very weak, juvenile horseshoe crabs are found not to have significant barnacle populations, even though they seldom burrow.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the surprising finding?", "options": ["Until they are fully grown, horseshoe crabs shed their shells and grow new ones several times a year.", "The strength of the tidal currents in a given location varies widely over the course of a day.", "A very large barnacle population can significantly decrease the ability of a horseshoe crab to find food.", "Tidal currents do not themselves dislodge barnacles from the shells of horseshoe crabs."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10460, "answer": 2, "text": "Statistics show that people who practice Taijiquan all the year round have the same average life expectancy as those who never practice Taijiquan. Thus it can be seen that practicing Taijiquan can not strengthen the body and prolong life.", "question": "Which of the following options, if true, would most strongly weaken the above argument?", "options": ["Some athletes are physically strong, but their life expectancy is lower than that of ordinary people.", "The movements of Taijiquan are gentle and gentle. Insisting on practicing Taijiquan all the year round can relax muscles and invigorate blood, nourish qi and calm the mind.", "There are many frail and sick people who insist on practicing Taijiquan all the year round.", "Taijiquan is easy to carry out, and there is no requirement for the venue and the physical quality of the athletes."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6887, "answer": 1, "text": "When can Chinese young directors also have a dynasty change of film language and film achievements, not just the fifth and sixth generation on the seniority baton? However, just like the Matthew effect, the more well-known directors are, the more favored by capital, and the hunger for opportunities and creative use of famous directors are often inferior to young directors, and the more resources young directors need, the more difficult it is to attract funds. rare opportunities once in several years first make survival an obstacle.", "question": "Which of the following is the text intended to illustrate?", "options": ["Society should pay more attention to the works of young directors", "To give young directors more opportunities", "Young directors should be good at using resources", "Well-known directors should actively innovate and make breakthroughs"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10348, "answer": 2, "text": "Critical thinking in Business, a core subject at the University of Sydney's business school, was taken by 1200 students in the final exam, but more than 400 failed, 80 percent of whom were Chinese students. The University of Sydney explained: Chinese students lack critical thinking and are not good at English.The student's representative L complained: The level of English for the students admitted by the school is recognized by the school, and the entrance examination required IELTS to be 7, and we have all reached this level.", "question": "Which of the following options is the assumption that student representative L's complaint depends on?", "options": ["The school may have unfair discrimination in assessing the scores of Chinese students.", "The school has an unshirkable responsibility for the students' failure, and the cost of retraining should be halved.", "The school's requirements for the english proficiency of students for admission are the same as those for the completion of each subject after admission.", "The cost of retaking each course is A $5000, and the high failure rate is due to the fact that the school wants to earn the cost of the retraining."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10899, "answer": 2, "text": "In a study of the relationship between aggression and television viewing in nursery school children, many interesting interactions among family styles, aggression, and television viewing were found. High aggression occurred in both high-viewing and low-viewing children and this seemed to be related to parental lifestyle. High-achieving, competitive, middle-class parents, whose children did not watch much television, had more aggressive children than parents who planned their lives in an organized, child-centered way, which included larger amounts of television viewing.", "question": "Which one of the following conclusions is best supported by the passage?", "options": ["If high-achieving, competitive, parents were more child-centered, their children would be less aggressive.", "Low levels of television viewing often lead to high levels of aggression among children.", "The level of aggression of a child cannot be predicted from levels of television viewing alone.", "Parental lifestyle is less important than the amount of television viewing in determining the aggressiveness of children."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5333, "answer": 2, "text": "Property income refers to the income derived from movable property (such as bank deposits, securities, etc.) and real property (such as houses, vehicles, land, collectibles, etc.) owned by the family.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings is not classified as property income?", "options": ["Dividends from property operations.", "Patent income from the transfer of property use rights.", "Non-property appreciation income.", "Interest and rent from the transfer of the right to use the property."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7755, "answer": 3, "text": "The headline model refers to an information service model in which Internet companies, media, etc. accurately push and screen out information to specific users and have important reference value for users.", "question": "Which of the following belongs to the headline model?", "options": ["After purchasing milk powder in a shopping mall, Xiao Li has successively received discount promotions for bathtubs, remote control toys, children's books and other commodities from the mall in the past three years, which really saved a lot of money", "A certain online literature retrieval platform can provide the required literature and its download rate, citation rate and other information according to user requirements, but users must provide accurate personal information", "An online media company divides the content of its platform thematic columns into free and paid. The paid content is very professional and is mainly used by people with specific needs", "A new media company analyzes customer data and organizes a dedicated team to screen different types of information in real time to ensure that specific users can see the content they care about in the first time"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 368, "answer": 3, "text": "In daily life, some people save trouble when taking medicine. After putting the pills in their mouths, they do not drink water or just take a sip of water, and then swallow hard, thinking they have finished taking the medicine. Some people think that this way of taking medicine is not advisable.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, best supports these people's views?", "options": ["Increasing the amount of water while taking the medicine will reduce the concentration of the medicine", "Drinking a lot of water when taking the medicine can accelerate the speed of the medicine through the pharynx and esophagus into the stomach", "Some drugs, due to the low solubility of metabolites, are easy to precipitate in the urinary tract and cause other symptoms. Therefore, patients should drink at least 1500 ml of water every day during the period of taking the medicine", "When taking the medicine, drinking too little water will make the tablets stay in the esophagus for a longer time and even cause side effects"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14418, "answer": 1, "text": "The reforms to improve the quality of public education that have been initiated on the part of suppliers of public education have been insufficient. Ttherefore, reforms must be demanded by consumers. Parents should be given government vouchers with which to pay for their children' s education and should be allowed to choose the schools at which the vouchers will be spent. To attract students, academically underachieving schools will be forced to improve their academic offerings.", "question": "The argument assumes that", "options": ["there is a single best way to educate students", "in selecting schools parents would tend to prefer a reasonable level of academic quality to greater sports opportunities or more convenient location", "children are able to recognize which schools are better and would influence their parents' decisions", "schools would each improve all of their academic offerings and would not tend to specialize in one particular field to the exclusion of others"], "type": {"Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14945, "answer": 3, "text": "Purebred dogs are prone to genetically determined abnormalities. Although such abnormalities often can be corrected by surgery, the cost can reach several thousand dollars. Since nonpurebred dogs rarely suffer from genetically determined abnormalities, potential dog owners who want to reduce the risk of incurring costly medical bills for their pets would be well advised to choose nonpurebred dogs.", "question": "Which one of the following if true, most seriously weakens the argument?", "options": ["All dogs, whether purebred or nonpurebred, are subject to the same common nongenetically determined diseases.", "A dog that does not have genetically determined abnormalities may nevertheless have offspring with such abnormalities.", "The purchase price of nonpurebred dogs tends to be lower than the purchase price of purebred dogs.", "Most genetically determined abnormalities in dogs do not seriously affect a dog's general well-being."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7421, "answer": 3, "text": "Some philosophers have pointed out that life should in fact pursue two simple, material is the simplicity of life and interpersonal relationships. With these two simple hearts, it has a vast space and beautiful quiet. But most modern people are very complex in these two aspects, material life is the endless pursuit of wealth. Interpersonal relationships are an endless entanglement of interests, and they take up almost all the space in life. With these two kinds of complexity, it has produced the trouble of modern people.", "question": "According to the philosopher above, which of the following options is correct?", "options": ["Most modern people have no broad space or beautiful tranquility", "Some modern people's life is very complicated, but they have a broad and quiet mind", "Only when it is simple in material life or interpersonal relationship, most of the troubles of modern people will not occur", "If it were simple in both material life and interpersonal relationships, most of the troubles of modern people would not arise"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}

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