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{"id": 9863, "answer": 1, "text": "A common non-stick coating for non-stick pans is Teflon coating. Ammonium perfluorooctanoate is a processing aid used in a very small amount in the production. Data suggest that high doses of ammonium perfluorooctanoate may lead to elevated cholesterol levels, thyroid disease, and infertility. Teflon has very stable physical and chemical properties at normal temperature and normal conditions. Cookware with Teflon non-stick coating will not change in the temperature range from normal temperature to 260 \u00b0C, but when the temperature exceeds 260 \u00b0C, the coating will not change. The layer gradually transitions to an unstable state, and decomposition occurs when the temperature exceeds 350 \u00b0C. During normal cooking, the boiling point of water is 100\u00b0C, and stir-frying with a higher temperature is usually only about 200\u00b0C. Even if frying is used, the oil temperature will not exceed 250\u00b0C. However, if you like to dry the pot and add oil after cooking, the temperature in the pot will easily exceed 260\u00b0C.", "question": "Which of the followings cannot be launched?", "options": ["In daily life, you can use a non-stick pan to boil water to drink porridge", "Nonstick coating breaks down while cooking can lead to higher cholesterol levels", "When cooking, avoid drying the non-stick pan, and then add oil after it is red.", "Normally cooking without worrying about the release of harmful substances from nonstick pans"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 8437, "answer": 3, "text": "Generally, the alcohol concentration used for disinfection is 70%-75%. This concentration of alcohol has the best permeability and the best antivirus effect, and if the concentration is higher, it will not be able to achieve the effect of disinfection. Therefore, the higher the alcohol concentration, the better the disinfection effect.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, can best support the above conclusion?", "options": ["Alcohol can kill some viruses and bacteria even if the concentration is less than 60%", "Alcohol can achieve antivirus effect by infiltrating into the pathogen and destroying its integrity", "High concentration of alcohol will stimulate the skin, absorb a large amount of water from the epidermis, and cause skin dehydration", "95% alcohol can form a protective shell on the surface of the virus to prevent the penetration of alcohol"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 6737, "answer": 3, "text": "If we say that the local industrialization of agriculture means the local urbanization of rural areas, then together with the flow of farmers to the city and the realization of urbanization in the city, can we combine together to realize the overall planning of urban and rural areas? Changsha County, on the outskirts of Changsha City, Hunan Province, seems to have confessed a possible opportunity for urban and rural co-ordination in a country.", "question": "Which of the following is most likely to be described next in this article?", "options": ["This paper analyzes the common relations and influencing factors between agricultural local industrialization and farmers' urbanization", "The example of Changsha County shows that agricultural local industrialization is not equal to rural local urbanization", "The analysis shows how to combine and co-ordinate urban and rural areas", "This paper introduces the practice and experience of Changsha County in the process of realizing the overall planning of urban and rural areas"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 7465, "answer": 1, "text": "In the Six Dynasties, the famous talker Liu Zun talked a lot, but he also admired people who didn't talk. He was very happy to see Jiang Quan not speaking often, and said: Jiang Quan can't speak, but it's really admirable to be able to not speak. Jiang Quan knew that he was not talking, but he knew how to hide. Not everyone knows where his shortcomings are, so as to be a teacher, there are countless people who can talk about it. It is excusable to be able to talk and love to talk; many people know that they are not good at talking. It happens that they keep talking and explode their shortness, which is often annoying. Therefore, it can be said that Jiang Quan's doing this is actually an extremely rare kind of intelligence.", "question": "Which of the following options, if correct, can best support the above statement?", "options": ["Being able to speak without saying is a kind of extremely rare intelligence", "It's a kind of self-knowledge that can't speak without saying it", "It can't be said that it is actually a kind of exaggeration", "Not being able to speak without saying is actually a helpless move"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 6120, "answer": 0, "text": "When talking about French literature in the eyes of the Chinese people, the French can't help but say in a contemptuous tone: you like the camellia girl. in the eyes of the French, it's still some taste to like Dumas. After all, he has a count of Monte Cristo and three musketeers. What does Dumas have? It's just a social flower. French literature is the pride of the French and plays an important role in world literature. It's obviously disrespect for French literature to only like the camellia girl. It became popular in China almost a hundred years ago. At that time, it was the failure of the reform movement of 1898, people were depressed and the road of improvement was not feasible, We have to make do with random novels. The birth of Camellia girl in China is at the right time.", "question": "Which of the followings is this passage intended to explain?", "options": ["The popularity of Camellia girl in China has a certain social background", "A preference for literary works can reflect one's taste", "The evaluation of literary works should be combined with the background of its birth", "There are differences in literary aesthetics between Chinese and French"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 3179, "answer": 1, "text": "Ideology: a systematic idea formed on a certain socio-economic basis and representing the interests of a class or social group.", "question": "Which of the followings is ideological?", "options": ["Although the stock market is depressed this week, most investors believe that the stock market will rise next week", "The Federation of literary and artistic circles of a province called on everyone to resist vulgar culture and purify the cultural environment in the new era", "Photographer Xiao Han released a group of photos of poor Tibetan primary school students studying hard on a well-known forum and called on everyone to donate money. Many people responded one after another, causing an uproar on the Internet", "The whole country cheered and celebrated the successful launch of Chang'e-1"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10569, "answer": 2, "text": "A committee works for two years and is composed of 4 members each year, 2 of which are from the following 4 judges: F, G, H and I, and the other 2 members are from the following 3 scientists: V, Y and Z. Each year, the committee is chaired by one member. A member who chairs the first year must retire from the committee during the second year. The person who chairs the second year must be a member of the committee during the first year. The committee members must meet the following conditions: G and V cannot be members of the committee in the same year. H and Y cannot be members of this committee in the same year. Each year, only one of I and V is a member of this committee.", "question": "If F was a member of the committee in a given year, any of the followings may be a member of the committee in that year, except?", "options": ["I", "H", "G", "V"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11924, "answer": 3, "text": "Hospital auditor: The Rodriguez family stipulated that the funds they donated to the neurological clinic all be used to minimize patients' suffering. The clinic administration is clearly violating those terms, since it has allocated nearly one fifth of those funds for research into new diagnostic technologies, instead of letting that money flow directly to its patients. Clinic administrator: But the successful development of new technologies will allow early diagnosis of many neurological disorders. In most cases, patients who are treated in the early stages of neurological disorders suffer far less than do patients who are not treated until their neurological disorders reach advanced stages.", "question": "Which one of the following is the main point at issue between the hospital auditor and the clinic administrator?", "options": ["whether the Rodriguez family clearly stipulated that the funds they donated to the neurological clinic be used to minimize patients' suffering", "whether the patients being treated at the neurological clinic are currently receiving adequate treatment for the neurological disorders from which they suffer", "whether early treatment of many neurological disorders lessens the suffering associated with those disorders rather than completely eliminating such suffering", "whether the neurological clinic is adhering strictly to the conditions the Rodriguez family placed on the allocation of the funds they donated to the clinic"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10827, "answer": 3, "text": "Archaeologist: The fact that the ancient Egyptians and the Maya both built pyramids is often taken as evidence of a historical link between Old- and New-World civilizations that is earlier than any yet documented. But while these buildings are similar to each other, there are important differences in both design and function. The Egyptian pyramids were exclusively tombs for rulers, whereas the Mayan pyramids were used as temples. This shows conclusively that there was no such link between Old- and New-World civilizations.", "question": "Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the archaeologist's argument?", "options": ["The argument equivocates with respect to the term evidence. ", "The argument appeals to emotion rather than to reason.", "The argument assumes the conclusion it is trying to prove.", "The argument presumes that no other evidence is relevant to the issue at hand."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 13561, "answer": 3, "text": "All Labrador retrievers love playing fetch. Only German shepherds love protecting their home. Some dogs are easy to train. Brittany' s dog loves playing fetch and loves protecting her home.", "question": "Which one of the following statements must be true?", "options": ["Brittany 's dog is easy to train.", "Brittany's dog is half Labrador retriever and half German shepherd, and her dog is also easy to train.", "Brittany 's dog is a Labrador retriever.", "Brittany 's dog is a German shepherd."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 7508, "answer": 0, "text": "Role pressure refers to the fact that in an organization or a specific social environment, there are unfavorable factors that interfere with the action of the role task, which causes the individual to fall into a dilemma of knowing what to do.", "question": "Which of the following is role pressure?", "options": ["Women in the workplace are in a hurry to go to work, buy groceries, cook, and communicate with family members, etc., always feel that they don't have the time to truly belong to them", "Xiao Li doesn't think about household chores when he goes to work, and he doesn't want to work when he goes home, so he doesn't miss both work and life", "Banks require staff to greet customers with smiles, but some people find it difficult to do so", "Teacher Zhang recently has a heavy teaching task, and the publishing house has asked him for a manuscript again, and he is very busy"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 12421, "answer": 3, "text": "Senator Strongwood reported that, contrary to a study cited by the administration, a thorough study by his own party concluded that a reduction in the capital gains tax would lead to an increase in the federal deficit. Hooray for common sense, he said. Everyone knows that when you cut taxes you lose revenue. He concluded that the administration' s plan for reducing the capital gains tax was now dead, because he could not imagine any senator voting to increase the deficit.", "question": "Which one of the following accurately describes something Senator Strongwood does in advancing his argument?", "options": ["He resorts to name-calling by expressly stating that his opponents lack common sense.", "He assumes that senators will rarely vote for unpopular legislation.", "He assumes that a study commissioned by his party must be more objective than one commissioned by the administration.", "He assumes senators will believe his party's report instead of the administration's."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10989, "answer": 3, "text": "Vandenburg: This art museum is not adhering to its purpose. Its founders intended it to devote as much attention to contemporary art as to the art of earlier periods, but its collection of contemporary art is far smaller than its other collections. Simpson: The relatively small size of the museum' s contemporary art collection is appropriate. It' s an art museum, not an ethnographic museum designed to collect every style of every period. Its contemporary art collection is small because its curators believe that there is little high-quality contemporary art.", "question": "Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the reasoning in Simpson's response to Vandenburg?", "options": ["The intentions of an art museum's curators should not determine what is collected by that museum.", "An art museum's purpose need not be to collect every style of every period.", "An ethnographic museum's purpose should be defined according to its curators' beliefs.", "An art museum should collect only works that its curators consider to be of high artistic quality."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 78, "answer": 3, "text": "The four teams A, B, C, and D are in a round robin match (each team has one game against the other teams). The results: Team B loses one game, Team C wins one less than Team B, and Team B wins one less than Team D.", "question": "Then, the ranking of Team A is.", "options": [" First place", " Second place", " Third place", " Fourth place"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 13966, "answer": 2, "text": "Less than 10 percent of the world's people, and of the participants in combat sports worldwide, are left-handed. However, a majority of top-level competitors in combat sports worldwide are left-handed.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the discrepancy presented in the passage?", "options": ["A significant number of left-handed competitors in combat sports have trained under coaches who have forced them to fight from right-handed positions and angles.", "Left-handedness is more common in primitive cultures with high rates of death by violence than in other primitive cultures.", "Because left-handedness is so rare, opponents of left-handed fighters are ill equipped to handle the positions and angles from which those fighters attack.", "Among top-level competitors in many non-combat sports, such as tennis and baseball, left-handedness is also much more common than in the general population."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11806, "answer": 1, "text": "People who object to the proposed hazardous waste storage site by appealing to extremely implausible scenarios in which the site fails to contain the waste safely are overlooking the significant risks associated with delays in moving the waste from its present unsafe location. If we wait to remove the waste until we find a site certain to contain it safely, the waste will remain in its current location for many years, since it is currently impossible to guarantee that any site can meet that criterion. Yet keeping the waste at the current location for that long clearly poses unacceptable risks.", "question": "The statements above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following?", "options": ["The waste should be placed in the most secure location that can ever be found.", "Moving the waste to the proposed site would reduce the threat posed by the waste.", "Any site to which the waste could be moved will be safer than its present site.", "Whenever waste must be moved, one should limit the amount of time allotted to locating alternative waste storage sites."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14681, "answer": 0, "text": "Even though most universities retain the royalties from faculty members' inventions, the faculty members retain the royalties from books and articles they write. Ttherefore, faculty members should retain the royalties from the educational computer software they develop.", "question": "The conclusion above would be more reasonably drawn if which of the following were inserted into the argument as an additional premise?", "options": ["In terms of the criteria used to award royalties, educational software programs are more nearly comparable to books and articles than to inventions.", "Faculty members are more likely to produce educational software programs than inventions.", "Royalties from inventions are higher than royalties from educational software programs.", "In the experience of most universities, educational software programs are more marketable than are books and articles."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 4135, "answer": 0, "text": "The advent of refrigerators caused the collapse of the ice market. In the past, people used ice to keep food fresh, but now refrigerators have replaced the role of ice.For the same reason, due to the results of bioengineering, what will happen to the research of crops that can resist pests?", "question": "Which of the following is the best answer to the above question?", "options": ["Reduced demand for chemical pesticides.", "Increase the cost of seed.", "Increase the yield of crops.", "The value of farmland has declined."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 12082, "answer": 1, "text": "People cannot devote themselves to the study of natural processes unless they have leisure, and people have leisure when resources are plentiful, not when resources are scarce. Although some anthropologists claim that agriculture, the cultivation of crops, actually began under conditions of drought and hunger, the early societies that domesticated plants must first have discovered how the plants they cultivated reproduced themselves and grew to maturity. These complex discoveries were the result of the active study of natural processes.", "question": "The argument is structured to lead to the conclusion that", "options": ["early societies could have discovered by accident how the plants they cultivated reproduced and grew", "agriculture first began in societies that at some time in their history had plentiful resources", "early agricultural societies knew more about the natural sciences than did early nonagricultural societies", "whenever a society has plentiful resources, some members of that society devote themselves to the study of natural processes"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 9674, "answer": 2, "text": "It is a win-win move to make use of the human resources of the sanitation workers and connect them with the standard demand for shared bicycle parking: although the concurrent ownership of bicycles will increase the labor burden of the sanitation workers, their income will also increase; the participation of sanitation workers in the management of bicycles will help bicycle enterprises to reduce losses and costs, and spend more funds on the development of enterprises. For the management of the city, bicycles are arranged in an orderly manner, and the appearance of the city will be better.", "question": "Which of the following options is intended to describe this passage?", "options": ["Managing bicycles can increase the income of sanitation workers.", "The management of cities should integrate the advantages of resources of all parties.", "Sanitation workers who manage bicycles at the same time can win more than one fell swoop.", "Sharing economy needs multi-party participation in order to win-win."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 2080, "answer": 0, "text": "The pessimist complains about the wind, while the optimist expects the wind to turn. Realistic people adjust the sails. Love is to take the risk of no return, hope is to risk disappointment, but the reason to risk is because the greatest danger in life is to take no risk at all. The difference between an optimist and a pessimist is funny. The former sees a doughnut and the latter sees the hole.", "question": "Which of the following options is the most appropriate summary of this passage?", "options": ["Optimism and pessimism.", "Optimists and pessimists.", "The bagel and the hole.", "Philosophy in life."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 4960, "answer": 3, "text": "Only with sufficient capital investment and technical personnel can a company's products have high-tech content. This high-tech content is essential for a product to occupy the market stably for a long time.", "question": "Which of the following situations, if it exists, can weaken the above conclusion the most?", "options": ["Apple brand computers have high-tech content and have occupied the market steadily for a long time", "Xizi washing machine has not been able to occupy the market steadily for a long time, but the product does not lack high-tech content", "Yangtze River TV failed to occupy the market steadily for a long time because the product lacks high-tech content", "Qinghe Kongtong has occupied the market steadily for a long time, but the manufacturer of this product lacks sufficient capital investment"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 2140, "answer": 1, "text": "Rational expectation means that when people anticipate an economic phenomenon, if they are rational, they will make full use of the information they get to act without making systematic mistakes.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options belongs to rational expectation?", "options": ["As soon as the branch of the provincial hospital was put into use, Chen opened a fruit store nearby", "After learning that a certain policy was about to be implemented, Lao Qin carried out stock operations based on his long-term experience in stock speculation", "Rumor has it that a key middle school will be built in the south of the city. Lao Liu immediately bought a house nearby", "Knowing that his college entrance examination score ranked 20th in the province, Xiao Zhang decisively decided to volunteer for Tsinghua University"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 3617, "answer": 0, "text": "The researchers put themice in a labyrinth space to observe their stress behavior patterns. They found that in open, brightly lit places, mice felt stressed and panicked and found ways to escape, while drugs or genes inhibited the production of certain proteins in the amygdala of the mice brain. they will no longer have similar stress behavior patterns in the same area. The researchers concluded that the activity of this protein determines the stress resistance of mice, which in turn determines its stress behavior pattern.", "question": "Which of the following can be derived from this?", "options": ["If the mice feels nervous in an open, brightly lit place, the function of the amygdala to produce this protein is not inhibited", "If the mice does not feel panic in an open, brightly lit place, then the function of the amygdala to produce this protein is inhibited", "Only by inhibiting the function of the amygdala to produce this protein, the mice will not panic in open, bright places", "If the function of the mouse amygdala to produce this protein is not inhibited, then the mice will panic in open, bright places"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 43, "answer": 3, "text": "Knowledge management: build a quantitative and qualitative knowledge system in the organization, so that the information and knowledge in the organization can be continuously fed back into the knowledge system through the process of obtaining, creating, sharing, integrating, recording, accessing, updating or innovating, forming an uninterrupted accumulation of personal and organizational knowledge, becoming a cycle of organizational intelligence and intelligent capital for management and application in the enterprise organization, which helps enterprises make correct decisions to respond to market changes. It is a process of creating, acquiring and using knowledge in order to enhance the performance of an organization.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following are not knowledge management?", "options": [" Ernst&Yong has developed an electronic file system, which can quickly encode and store employee knowledge and information, making them a file database, so that it can be called by company personnel and become a standardized, high-quality, and fast consulting service of the company", " Dell: Keep the results of employees and customer information in the company, in other words, the separation of people and information", " Dow's patent management: divided into three types: current use, will use and will not use, to save patent tax, obtain patent royalties, about 200 million US dollars a year", " Smnrtall implemented layoffs throughout the company based on last year's annual report figures"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 4727, "answer": 0, "text": "The survey shows that very few people aged 85-90 are left-handed. Sociologists believe that this is because 80 years ago, if children ate or wrote with their left hand, they would be beaten, so they were forced to use their right hand.", "question": "Which of the following statements can be strengthened by this survey?", "options": ["Hand habit is the product of genetic advantage and social pressure.", "In the past, people had different social attitudes whether they used their left hand or their right hand.", "Because right-handed people can live longer, parents force left-handed children to change their habits.", "Using the right hand is smarter. There is no scientific basis."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10297, "answer": 2, "text": "The pollution problem caused by garbage exudates is most serious in countries with an annual per capita output of between $4000 and $5000, while it is less serious in relatively poor or rich countries. In the initial stage of industrial development, the pollution problem is relatively serious. When industrial development can create enough means to deal with such problems, the pollution problem will be reduced. At present, the per capita output value of country X is US $5000 per year, and the pollution caused by garbage exudates in country X will gradually decrease in the next few years.", "question": "Which of the following statements is the hypothesis on which the above argument depends?", "options": ["In the following years, country X will establish a fine system for illegal waste disposal.", "In the next few years, countries around country X will reduce the discharge of pollutants from the air and water.", "In the next few years, the industrial development of country X will grow.", "In the next few years, the industrialization process of country X will be affected by the problem of pollution control."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 3389, "answer": 0, "text": "The Peter Principle is a conclusion drawn by the Laurence J. Peter, an American academic, after studying the phenomenon of promotion in organizations. That is, in organizations where it is customary to promote people who are competent at a certain level, employees tend to rise to their ineptitude. The Peter principle is sometimes called the climb principle.", "question": "Which of the following phenomena is consistent with Peter's principle?", "options": ["Professor Zhang's class was so popular that he was recently promoted to principal. He has been very busy ever since.", "An excellent gymnast, he was hired by the national gymnastics team as a coach and his work was quickly recognized.", "Xiao Wang has been the company's marketing staff. He was recently promoted to head of operations because of his strong sales performance.", "Xiao Li was quickly promoted to management because his uncle was the general manager of the company. But he was struggling."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5938, "answer": 0, "text": "Grain can be traded in the futures market before harvest. If the rice production is predicted to be insufficient, the price of rice futures will rise; if the rice harvest is predicted, the price of rice futures will fall. Suppose this morning, Meteorologists predict that it will rain in rice producing areas tomorrow. Because sufficient rain is very important to the current growth of rice, today's rice futures prices will drop significantly.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, weakens the above view most severely?", "options": ["Agricultural experts announced today that a rice germ is spreading", "The price of rice futures fluctuated more sharply this quarter than the previous quarter", "Meteorologists'forecast of tomorrow's rainfall is likely to extend beyond the grain-producing areas", "Not receiving enough moist grains during the critical pollination stage will not make a good harvest"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 4329, "answer": 1, "text": "W-12 is a virus that seriously harms the growth of grains and causes a large reduction in grain production every year. Scientists have found that inserting a gene extracted from W-12 into a grain gene that is susceptible to infection can make The grain produces antibodies to W-12, which greatly reduces losses.", "question": "If the following items are true, which of the following does not strengthen the above conclusion?", "options": ["Experience has shown that two grains are planted successively on the same land. If the first grain is not susceptible to a certain virus, the second grain is usually the same", "When plants acquire antibodies to certain viruses through genetic mutations, they will also change some of their growth characteristics", "Antibodies obtained by genetic mutations in plants will be passed on to offspring", "When plants acquire antibodies against certain viruses through genetic mutations, they will increase their resistance to certain other viruses"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 1826, "answer": 0, "text": "In 1923, the Preparatory Conference for the Unification of Mandarin decided to adopt the Beijing phonetic standard to promote language and dialect throughout the country, not as a tool of communication, but as a cultural carrier.At present, the miniaturization of dialects, even if the culture of one side fades, maintaining the coexistence of dialect national language and common language is conducive to maintaining cultural diversity. While popularizing Putonghua, dialects should also be given some room for expression.And the dialect is not large, applied to one side of the land, but also can enrich the color of the common language, such as happy to pay for the high and unfinished buildings and other words have entered the common language vocabulary, and have some development.", "question": "Which of the following options is the gist of the above?", "options": ["Promoting bilingualism is conducive to maintaining the characteristics of traditional culture and local culture", "Common language identification is conducive to improving the cultural level and scientific and technological development level of the whole nation", "Advocate the coexistence of bilingualism, dialect, national language and common language", "Any common language is based on a dialect"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 8340, "answer": 2, "text": "Four contestants, Zhang, Liu, Li and Zhao, who were not familiar with each other, participated in the university speech contest. They come from mathematics, logic, literature and history majors. Before the game, the four people made the following guesses: Zhang: Zhao's major is logic; Liu: Li's major is literature; Li: Zhang's major is not mathematics; Zhao: Liu's major is history. It was learned afterwards that only the guesses of mathematics and logic professionals were correct.", "question": "Based on the above information, it can be inferred that which of the following options is the respective majors of Zhang, Liu, Li and Zhao?", "options": ["Mathematics, logic, literature, history", "Mathematics, history, literature, logic", "Literature, history, logic, mathematics", "History, literature, logic, mathematics"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14146, "answer": 0, "text": "Typically, people who have diets high in saturated fat have an increased risk of heart disease. Those who replace saturated fat in their diets with unsaturated fat decrease their risk of heart disease. Ttherefore, people who eat a lot of saturated fat can lower their risk of heart disease by increasing their intake of unsaturated fat.", "question": "Which one of the following, if assumed, most helps to justify the reasoning above?", "options": ["People who add unsaturated fat to their diets will eat less food that is high in saturated fat.", "It is difficult to move from a diet that is high in saturated fat to a diet that includes very little fat.", "Adding unsaturated fat to a diet brings health benefits other than a reduced risk of heart disease.", "Taking steps to prevent heart disease is one of the most effective ways of increasing life expectancy."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 6448, "answer": 3, "text": "The issue of food security has become a focus of our government and society. From the international background, affected by the American subprime crisis, asset prices represented by stocks and real estate are falling rapidly all over the world. Because of the decline in the stock and real estate markets, a huge amount of hot money around the world has shifted the focus of speculation to oil and food, leading to rising prices of oil and food, two commodities that affect human clothing, food, housing and transportation. From a domestic point of view, after this year's bumper summer grain harvest, grain prices continue to hover at low prices, widening the price gap with the international market. At the same time, the prices of vegetables, pork and many materials are rising, but grain prices have not risen significantly. Once China's existing grain price system is lost, it will directly affect the normal operation of our economy and social stability.", "question": "Which of the following is not in line with the idea of this text?", "options": ["The grain price difference and its expansion in domestic and foreign markets is a potential factor affecting China's food security", "The subprime mortgage crisis in the United States has posed a threat to China's food security", "International hot money spying on China's grain market will make China's food security face severe challenges", "Substantially raising domestic grain prices and narrowing the price gap at home and abroad are important strategies for China to deal with the global food crisis"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11151, "answer": 0, "text": "If there are any inspired performances in the concert, the audience will be treated to a good show. But there will not be a good show unless there are sophisticated listeners in the audience, and to be a sophisticated listener one must understand one' s musical roots.", "question": "If all of the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true?", "options": ["If there are no sophisticated listeners in the audience, then there will be no inspired musical performances in the concert.", "If there will be people in the audience who understand their musical roots, then at least one musical performance in the concert will be inspired.", "If there are sophisticated listeners in the audience, then there will be inspired musical performances in the concert.", "No people who understand their musical roots will be in the audience if the audience will not be treated to a good show."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 1132, "answer": 0, "text": "When you think of society as a complex system, pay attention to the dynamic coordination of multiple factors to better promote social harmony. If you encounter problems, start from the concept, make simple qualitative and judgment, and strive for consistency Either one or the other. This kind of simplification, one-sidedness, and extremeness of thinking is incompatible with the harmonious society.", "question": "Which of the followings is the main point of this passage?", "options": ["Building a harmonious society requires systematic thinking.", "It is not correct to deal with social problems in a simplistic and one-sided manner.", "When faced with complex problems, we cannot simply qualitatively and simply make judgments.", "Seeking common ground while reserving differences is a concept for building a harmonious society."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 2169, "answer": 3, "text": "Psychologists have long supported the theory of mathematical talent; mathematical ability is the ability that human beings have from birth, even animals have this ability. They believe that there is a natural mathematical core, through self development, this mathematical core will eventually grow into all the mathematical abilities we are familiar with. Recently, some opponents have put forward a different point of view; mathematical ability has no talent and it can only be the product of culture.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, can best support the views of opponents?", "options": ["Babies aged 10 to 12 months already know that three black spots and four black spots are different", "Mathematics is the product of the brain and the growth pattern of the brain has long been presupposed by genes", "Artificially trained animals such as gorillas, dolphins and elephants can handle mathematical problems", "The vast majority of the inhabitants of primitive tribes can only represent a number of less than 5 or less"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 1581, "answer": 0, "text": "In fact, just as it is impossible for the New Culture Movement to shake the firm position of Confucianism in Chinese culture, the waterflooding articles and the concept of flying all over the world will not completely stifle the spirit of Puxue in the Qing Dynasty.Fond of great achievements and illusory, following the so-called heel of the West with a few nouns will only produce a pile of written rubbish, which will not be able to gain a foothold for a long time and will be despised by the Western academic circles. On the contrary, if we do not abandon our students' tradition and do knowledge in a down-to-earth manner, we can establish a strong opposite in front of Westerners.", "question": "Which of the following can express the meaning of this passage?", "options": ["Only by adhering to China's academic tradition can we have great prospects", "The vain academic atmosphere makes it difficult for China to make academic achievements", "China's traditional academic research can keep pace with the West", "At present, we should strengthen the positive spirit of Pu Xue in the Qing Dynasty"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 776, "answer": 1, "text": "Value rationality means that the actor pays attention to the value represented by the behavior itself, that is, whether to achieve social fairness, justice, loyalty, honor, etc., regardless of means and consequences. Value rationality focuses on the rationality of behavior from the perspective of specific values certain substantive,", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options meets the requirements of value rationality?", "options": ["Accumulating good deeds makes one with virtue.", "Enforce justice on behalf of Heaven.", "Drop one's benefactor as soon as his help is not required.", "Be courteous to the wise and condescending to scholars."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10893, "answer": 2, "text": "Physician: In comparing our country with two other countries of roughly the same population size, I found that even though we face the same dietary, bacterial, and stress-related causes of ulcers as they do, prescriptions for ulcer medicines in all socioeconomic strata are much rarer here than in those two countries. It' s clear that we suffer significantly fewer ulcers, per capita, than they do.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the physician's argument?", "options": ["The two countries that were compared with the physician's country had approximately the same ulcer rates as each other.", "The physician's country has a much better system for reporting the number of prescriptions of a given type that are obtained each year than is present in either of the other two countries.", "A person in the physician's country who is suffering from ulcers is just as likely to obtain a prescription for the ailment as is a person suffering from ulcers in one of the other two countries.", "Several other countries not covered in the physician's comparisons have more prescriptions for ulcer medication than does the physician's country."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 3309, "answer": 3, "text": "Premeditated intention refers to the mental attitude of the perpetrator to commit a criminal act after a period of preparation after a criminal intention.", "question": "Which of the following is not premeditated intention?", "options": ["A certain relationship with his wife, while its sleep strangled it, and then destroyed the body to disappear", "Someone in order to fight for power, scheming to design a trap, his theft of company information crimes planted on colleagues,L9 out of the company", "An accountant intentionally forgot to lock his door so that his accounting office was burgled, but he got a fair share of the money", "A young man released after serving his sentence finds a young woman on the road at night and rapes her"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14382, "answer": 1, "text": "No computer will ever be able to do everything that some human minds can do, for there are some problems that cannot be solved by following any set of mechanically applicable rules. Yet computers can only solve problems by following some set of mechanically applicable rules.", "question": "Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?", "options": ["Every problem that is solvable by following more than one set of mechanically applicable rules is solvable by almost every human mind.", "At least one problem not solvable by following any set of mechanically applicable rules is solvable]e by at least one human mind.", "At least one problem solvable by following some set of mechanically applicable rules is not solvable by any human mind.", "Every problem that is solvable by following at least one set of mechanically applicable rules is solvable by at least one human mind."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5245, "answer": 3, "text": "Red tourism refers to the revolutionary memorial site after the founding of the Communist Party of China in 1921, the memorial and the revolutionary spirit carried as the attraction, organize and receive tourists to visit and tour, realize the learning of the revolutionary spirit, accept the revolutionary traditional education and the spirit of inspiration. Relax and increase the experience of tourism activities.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings does not belong to the characteristics of red tourism?", "options": ["Learnability", "Storytelling", "Participatory", "Interesting"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 4668, "answer": 0, "text": "There are three conditions for a unit to recruit employees: first, rich knowledge; Second, skilled; Third, be hardworking. There are four job seekers who meet at least one of the conditions: A, B, C and D. It is known that: 1. A and B are not all knowledgeable; 2. A and D have the same level of knowledge; 3. C and D have the same degree of hard work; 4. Three of the four are knowledgeable, two are hardworking and one is skilled.", "question": "After assessment, the unit found that only one of them met all the conditions. Should he be?", "options": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 4207, "answer": 1, "text": "Educational balance refers to ensuring equal rights and obligations to citizens or future citizens through laws and regulations, providing relatively equal educational opportunities and conditions through policy formulation and adjustment and resource allocation, and achieving a relative balance of educational effects and opportunities for success with an objective and fair attitude and scientific and effective methods.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options is not part of implementing educational balance?", "options": ["A municipal education bureau stipulates that primary and secondary school teachers, excellent backbone teachers and general teachers in suburban and downtown urban areas shall be transferred on a regular basis", "A school requires all teachers to publish a paper each year, otherwise the next year's assessment will be considered unqualified, the school will not hire", "A city decided not to implement the policy of allocating funds, but to allocate funds to schools with poor hardware conditions, and strive to make all schools in the city within three years of the basic balance of hardware conditions", "A city issued a notice, from this semester to cancel the key primary and secondary schools differential all students near the entrance"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 316, "answer": 2, "text": "All venous blood samples were tested and no positive HIV antibodies were found.", "question": "If the above assertion is false, which of the followings must be true?", "options": ["To find positive HIV antibodies, all venous blood samples must be tested.", "All venous blood samples are tested, and positive HIV antibodies may not be found.", "Some venous blood samples have not been tested, or positive HIV antibodies have been found.", "Some venous blood samples have not been tested, but positive HIV antibodies have been found."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 8138, "answer": 2, "text": "Society and culture advocate generosity, but such behavior often requires one to contribute one's own resources to the interests of others, so it is difficult to explain with general economic theory. However, some neuroscience papers have pointed out that even at the expense of self-interest, some people are generous to others because when people show generosity, they activate specific areas of the brain. and these areas are associated with areas that produce happiness.", "question": "According to this passage, which of the following statements is true?", "options": ["The behavior of sacrificing self-interest to satisfy others should not be respected too much", "The brain mechanism of human generosity is the same as that of happiness", "Generosity can increase happiness is one of the reasons why people treat others generously", "Economic theory can fully explain the mechanism of human altruistic behavior"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 8407, "answer": 1, "text": "Xiao Zhang, Xiao Wang, Xiao Li and Xiao Zhao joined the study group. Everyone chooses one of these three books from the first volume of Xi Jinping talking about governing the country, the second volume of Xi Jinping talking about governing the country, and the third volume of Xi Jinping talking about governing the country, and then selects one or three topics from this book to study, and talk about the experience. It is known that: (1) the books selected by Xiao Zhang and Xiao Zhao are different, and the number of topics they choose to study is also different. (2) one person chose a topic to study. Two people chose two topics to study. (3) Xiao Li chose the three topics in the third volume of Xi Jinping on Governance. (4) each book was selected. Xiao Wang and Xiao Zhao selected the first volume of Xi Jinping on governing the country.", "question": "Which of the following options can be inferred?", "options": ["Xiao Zhang and Xiao Li chose the same book.", "Xiao Wang chose two topics to study.", "Someone chose the same number of books or topics as Xiao Li.", "Xiao Zhao chose the two topics in Volume 1 to study."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 7861, "answer": 2, "text": "Bonding strategy refers to a strategy for bonding different objects or components in different objects into a new image.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options is not part of the bonding strategy?", "options": ["Fengyuan, Hongyuan, and Xinxing were originally three individual small enterprises, and the situation was very difficult. The municipal government took measures to let them unite into Xin Hongyuan Co., Ltd., and now they have become provincial star enterprises", "According to the geographical proximity of Suzhou, Wuxi and Changzhou, the Jiangsu Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Government are somewhat similar in terms of population, culture, consumption, etc., the characteristics of unbalanced market development, advanced decision-making, and the complementary advantages of the three places, and finally succeeded in creating a well-known economic chain in the country", "In order to solve the financial difficulties of the company, the leadership decided to borrow 2,000 yuan from each employee, calculated according to the bank's interest for the same period", "Du Ge sang very well. He wanted to form a band, so he contacted Xiao Song who can play the guitar, Xiao Hua who can play the violin, and Xiao Li who can play the electronic organ. They formed the Tian Lai combination. Became popular"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11021, "answer": 0, "text": "Budget constraints have made police officials consider reassigning a considerable number of officers from traffic enforcement to work on higher-priority, serious crimes. Reducing traffic enforcement for this reason would be counterproductive, however, in light of the tendency of criminals to use cars when engaged in the commission of serious crimes. An officer stopping a car for a traffic violation can make a search that turns up evidence of serious crime.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument given?", "options": ["Those willing to break the law to commit serious crimes are often in committing such crimes unwilling to observe what they regard as the lesser constraints of traffic law.", "The great majority of persons who are stopped by officers for traffic violations are not guilty of any serious crimes.", "The offenders committing serious crimes who would be caught because of traffic violations are not the same group of individuals as those who would be caught if the arresting officers were reassigned from traffic enforcement.", "When the public becomes aware that traffic enforcement has lessened, it typically becomes lax in obeying traffic rules."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5276, "answer": 1, "text": "There is a lyric: How can you see a rainbow without experiencing wind and rain.", "question": "Which of the followings is not a logical inference of the above lyrics?", "options": ["Only through wind and rain can you see the rainbow", "If you experience wind and rain, you can see the rainbow", "Unless you experience wind and rain, you can't see the rainbow", "Anyone who sees a rainbow should have experienced wind and rain"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 1517, "answer": 3, "text": "Under the current compulsory education investment system, the county finance can barely afford teachers' wages, and the central and provincial finance can subsidize some teachers' wages and school construction funds, but all the remaining gaps are left to the school itself. Some rural primary and secondary school principals reflect that compulsory education has now become the obligation of the school.", "question": "Compulsory education has now become a school obligation, which means that:", "options": ["Schools undertake compulsory education", "Compulsory education is the responsibility of schools", "The school is responsible for compulsory education", "Schools only fulfill their obligations and lack external investment"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14549, "answer": 1, "text": "Science cannot adequately explain emotional phenomena such as feeling frustrated, falling in love, or being moved by a painting. Since they cannot be explained by physics, chemistry, or neurophysiology, human emotions must not be physical phenomena.", "question": "The conclusion follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?", "options": ["Nothing that can be felt by only one subject can be studied scientifically.", "Every physical phenomenon can be explained by physics, chemistry, or neurophysiology.", "Whatever is not a physical phenomenon is an emotional one.", "Whatever is not a physical phenomenon cannot be explained by science."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 842, "answer": 0, "text": "In the past 10 years, the number of criminal cases in area A has increased by 200%, but the number of criminal cases in area B has increased by 500%. Therefore, the current number of criminal cases in area B is higher than that in area A.", "question": "Which of the following options, if true, can weaken the above proposition most?", "options": ["Ten years ago, the number of criminal cases in area A accounted for 90% of the cases in area A and area B, and area B only accounted for 2%.", "Ten years ago, the number of criminal cases in area B was 50% of the number of criminal cases in area A.", "In the past five years, the number of crimes in area A has increased by 50%.", "The number of criminal cases in area A is now higher than 10 years ago."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5496, "answer": 1, "text": "Inertial thinking is a special psychological preparation or tendency for activities caused by previous activities, which is manifested in that it solves a problem this time. The next time it encounters a similar problem or seemingly the same problem, it can't help but follow the way or order of the last thought", "question": "The above paragraph cannot be launched which of the followings?", "options": ["When the situation remains unchanged, inertial thinking is conducive to solving problems quickly", "When the situation remains unchanged, inertial thinking is conducive to the emergence of new methods", "Inertial thinking may be the shackle of creative thinking", "To some extent, inertial thinking is the root of creative thinking"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 4066, "answer": 1, "text": "Adaptation refers to the action of the same stimulus on the sensory organ, causing a change in the sensory ability of the sensory organ to appropriate stimulation.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options does not fit the concept of adaptation?", "options": ["Put in hot water, at first feel very hot, soon the feeling of heat will be reduced", "When a part of the body is in pain, you will feel the pain subside by clenching your lips or clenching your fists", "In the dark room, stand for a moment and you can see what's around you", "When I walked into a garden, the fragrance of the flowers poured into my nose, but soon I didn't feel anything"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10219, "answer": 2, "text": "There are seven candidates hired by Haier: F, G, H, I, W, X and Y, of which one needs to be assigned to the public relations department, three to the production department and three to the sales department. The personnel allocation of these seven employees must meet the following conditions: (1) H and Y must be assigned to the same department. (2) F and G cannot be assigned to the same department. (3) if X is assigned to the sales department, W is assigned to the production department. (4) F must be assigned to the production department.", "question": "If which of the following statements is true, the allocation of seven employees can be fully determined?", "options": ["F and W are assigned to the production department", "G and Y are assigned to the sales department", "I and W are assigned to the sales department", "I and W are assigned to the production department"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 13581, "answer": 0, "text": "One of the 10 computer manuals published by company T in 2005 was made for home computers. Exactly five of the advertisements released by company T featured those manuals written for home computers. Since 20 advertisements were released by company T in 2006, no more than one-quarter of them featured the computer manuals published by company T in 2005.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, allows the conclusion above to be properly drawn?", "options": ["None of the advertisements released by company T in 2006 featured computer manuals other than the ones written for home computers.", "None of the graphics used in the advertisements released by company T in 2006 were done by professional artists.", "Some of the advertisements released by company T in 2006 were actually redesigned versions of old advertisements.", "None of the computer manuals published by company T in 2006 were based on technology gained from the home computer manuals published in 200"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 13553, "answer": 1, "text": "Claude: When I' m having lunch with job candidates, I watch to see if they salt their food without first tasting it. If they do, I count that against them, because they' re making decisions based on inadequate information. Larissa: That' s silly. It' s perfectly reasonable for me to wear a sweater whenever I go into a supermarket, because I already know supermarkets are always too cool inside to suit me. And I never open a credit card offer that comes in the mail, because I already know that no matter how low its interest rate may be, it will never be worthwhile for me.", "question": "The two analogies that Larissa offers can most reasonably be interpreted as invoking which one of the following principles to criticize Claude's policy?", "options": ["Individuals whose behavior in specific circumstances does not conform to generally expected norms should not automatically be considered unconcerned with meeting social expectations, because such individuals may be acting in accordance with reasoned policies that they believe should be generally adopted by people in similar circumstances.", "In matters involving personal preference, performing an action without first ascertaining whether it is appropriate in the specific circumstances should not be taken as good evidence of faulty decision making, because the action may be based on a reasoned policy relating to knowledge of a general fact about the circumstances.", "Evidence that a particular individual uses bad decision-making strategies in matters of personal taste should not be considered sufficient to warrant a negative assessment of his or her suitability for a job, because any good decision maker can have occasional lapses of rationality with regard to such matters.", "In professional decision-making contexts, those who have the responsibility of judging other people's suitability for a job should not use observations of job-related behavior as a basis for inferring general conclusions about those people's character."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5959, "answer": 0, "text": "Three-dimensional agriculture refers to the full utilization of crops in time and space. According to the different characteristics of different crops, such as high stalk and short stalk, rich light and shade tolerance, early and late maturity, deep and shallow roots, legumes and gramineous, use them in The time and space differences in the growth process are rationally implemented scientific interplanting, interplanting, mixed seeding, rotation and other supporting plantings, forming a variety of crops, multi-level, multi-sequential three-dimensional intercropping planting structure.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following belongs to three-dimensional agriculture?", "options": ["A grow soybeans in his own cornfield", "B raises fish in the fish ponds he contracted, and also planted a lot of lotus roots", "C contracted ten acres of rice fields in a certain area in the south, and specially introduced new high-yielding rice varieties", "Ding contracted a mountain two years ago. He planted a large number of apple trees on the mountain and raised a large number of bees on the mountain"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 4298, "answer": 2, "text": "Copernicus's heliocentric theory contradicted the religious thoughts of the time, the dominant Aristotelian physics, and people's common sense. At first it was opposed by many people until Newton discovered the law of universal gravitation. It was gradually recognized by astronomers.", "question": "Which of the following cannot be derived from this?", "options": ["Aristotle's physics is not scientific", "Newton's discovery supports Copernicus's view", "The religious thoughts of the time regarded the sun as sacred", "People used to think that the sun revolves around the earth"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 2532, "answer": 2, "text": "The survey shows that an important factor leading to the decline of college students' academic performance is that many college students play online games. In order to improve the academic performance of college students, the school decided to prohibit playing online games on campus.", "question": "Which of the following can most challenge the school's decision?", "options": ["Playing online games is impossible to ban", "Moderately playing online games can improve the quality of college students", "College students mainly play online games in Internet cafes", "It is technically difficult to prohibit college students from playing online games on campus"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11945, "answer": 2, "text": "In response to requests made by the dairy industry, the government is considering whether to approve the synthetic hormone BST for use in dairy cows. BST increases milk production but also leads to recurring udder inflammation, decreased fertility, and symptoms of stress in cows who receive the hormone. All of these problems can be kept under control with constant veterinary care, but such levels of veterinary help would cost big farms far less per cow than they would small farms.", "question": "If the statements above are true, which one of the following claims is most strongly supported by them?", "options": ["At the present time milk from cows raised on small farms is safer to drink than milk from cows raised on big farms.", "The proportion of cows that suffer from udder inflammation, decreased fertility, and symptoms of stress is currently greater on big dairy farms than on small ones.", "Owners of big farms stand to gain more from government approval of BST than do owners of small farms.", "The government is unlikely to approve the synthetic hormone BST for use in cows."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10694, "answer": 2, "text": "Because the death of a spouse creates a void in one' s life and leads to depression, it is very difficult to lead a normal life after the death of a spouse. The ability to lead a normal life after the death of a spouse is improved by filling the void with another important element. In one study, half of those attempting to recover after the death of a spouse were told to embark on a new career, and the other half were told to take time off work to fully comprehend their loss. After one year, those in the first group reported lower rates of depression and positive feelings about their lives, and the second group reported higher rates of depression and negative feelings about their lives.", "question": "Each of the following, if true, strengthens the argument above EXCEPT:", "options": ["feeling involved in an activity or vocation is essential to happiness and a sense of wellbeing", "the participants in the study mentioned in the paragraph above who embarked on a new career all reported continuing to feel relatively happy with their lives ten years after the death of their spouses", "work, or engaging in time and energy-consuming activities, can often lead to depression in otherwise healthy people", "other studies found that grieving widows and widowers who adopted pets were more likely to avoid depression and report living a normal life after the deaths of their spouses"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 618, "answer": 3, "text": "Why are you always unhappy? Because of your lack of faith, your life has lost its direction. You have lost the means to control happiness. As a result, many people choose unhappiness in happiness. At the same time, without faith, it is easy to build values on some external things, even compare with each other, look up to the success of others and feel humble; Look up to the happiness of others, lament your own misfortune, compare the success of others, and resent your own disappointment; Compare the happiness of others and magnify your own pain", "question": "If the above statement is true, it can be deduced that:", "options": ["If you don't lack faith, you won't always be unhappy", "If you are always unhappy, you must lack faith", "If you have faith, you won't base your values on some external things", "If you don't base your values on some external things, it means you have faith"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 12076, "answer": 1, "text": "A just government never restricts the right of its citizens to act upon their desires except when their acting upon their desires is a direct threat to the health or property of other of its citizens.", "question": "Which one of the following judgments most closely conforms to the principle cited above?", "options": ["A just government would not censor writings of Shakespeare, but it could censor magazines and movies that criticize the government.", "A just government would not ban the sale of sports cars, but it could prohibit unrestricted racing of them on public highways.", "An unjust government would incarcerate one of its citizens even though it had been several years since that citizen harmed someone.", "An unjust government would abolish many public services if these services did not require compulsory labor."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 7947, "answer": 0, "text": "No matter what article is selected into the Chinese teaching material, it is no longer an independent work in the original sense, but an organic part of the whole teaching material system, which is the basis of basic skills training.", "question": "Which of the following refers to the reliance of basic skills training?", "options": ["Income language teaching materials in all kinds of works", "Accept works that remain independent of their original meaning", "An organic part of the whole teaching material system", "Works that no longer stand on their own, in the original sense"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 2351, "answer": 0, "text": "early education, which originated in Germany, is an interactive activity that allows children to achieve physical, emotional, intellectual, personality, spiritual and other aspects of coordinated development and healthy growth in the process of playing and communicating with their parents. to put it simply, it is a way of interaction between parents and children, which aims to promote the growth of children. The early education of Chinese families is a different story. In a survey of early education, it is found that advanced education for young children is mainly focused on literacy, reading, computer, English and Japanese, etc.; except that many kindergartens have been involved in characteristic classes, parents spend more time taking their children to attend training courses and work on Chinese, English and math.", "question": "Which of the following conforms to the context?", "options": ["China's early education should focus on knowledge learning", "Early Education has deviated from the essence in China", "China's early education is not conducive to the growth of children", "Differences between early education in China and Germany"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 3053, "answer": 1, "text": "When zongzi was first exported, the name was a lengthy noun explanation. With the passage of time, zongzi was known and loved by people in many countries, and returned to its own name zongzi. Similarly, erhu, Taiji, Facebook, Yin and Yang, Mapo tofu and other things with strong Chinese style have also experienced a step-by-step process from free translation to transliteration.", "question": "Which of the following options is intended to explain by this passage?", "options": ["Things with strong Chinese style are more suitable for free translation", "The international identity of culture has always been silent", "Cultural confidence is needed to promote Chinese traditional culture", "Cross-border cultural exchange is a round-trip ticket that knows both a bosom friend and an acquaintance"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 3366, "answer": 1, "text": "Personal morality consists of moral cognition, moral emotion, moral will and moral behavior. Moral cognition is the primary link for the transformation of social moral requirements into personal internal morality and the basis for the formation of morality.", "question": "Which of the following statements is correct?", "options": ["We must establish a personal moral restraint mechanism in the whole society.", "We should advocate the construction of basic ethics in the whole society.", "We should strengthen moral construction in the field of social life and family life.", "Leading cadres must stress Party spirit, attach importance to conduct and set an example."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11962, "answer": 3, "text": "In the United States proven oil reserves -- the amount of oil considered extractable from known fields -- are at the same level as they were ten years ago. Yet over this same period no new oil fields of any consequence have been discovered, and the annual consumption of domestically produced oil has increased.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, best reconciles the discrepancy described above?", "options": ["Oil exploration in the United States has slowed due to increased concern over the environmental impact of such exploration.", "Conservation measures have lowered the rate of growth of domestic oil consumption from what it was a decade ago.", "Over the past decade the annual consumption of imported oil has increased more rapidly than that of domestic oil in the United States.", "Due to technological advances over the last decade, much oil previously considered unextractable is now considered extractable."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 1962, "answer": 3, "text": "If China wants to make great achievements in the 21st century, it should not only make efforts on the general skills of international competition and interaction, but more importantly, it should have a clear understanding of the evolution and development trend of world political characteristics in time, so as to stimulate greater strategic wisdom, have a keen insight into the possible trends of the world in the future, timely eliminate all kinds of drawbacks that are not suitable for future development, and safeguard national security and interests. Seek the all-round development of society. In other words, the mission of international strategy is not and cannot be to design some kind of self-righteous outcome for the world.", "question": "Which of the following options is intended to be emphasized in this passage?", "options": ["China's international strategy should clearly recognize the evolution of world political characteristics and the general trend of development.", "China's international strategy should eliminate all kinds of disadvantages that are not suitable for future development.", "China's international strategy should safeguard national security and interests and seek all-round development.", "China's international strategy should adapt to the general trend of the evolution and development of world political characteristics."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 1683, "answer": 0, "text": "Artificial intelligence refers to the intelligence shown by artificial systems. The core issues of artificial intelligence include reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, communication, perception, movement and the ability to manipulate objects.", "question": "Which of the technological breakthroughs described in the following discussion has nothing to do with artificial intelligence?", "options": ["By using the digital theorem proving program, scientists have proved 38 theorems in the second chapter of the book Mathematical principles", "When playing human-computer games, Chinese chess programs can learn new tactics according to previous chess games, so as to avoid failure becaus of similar mistakes", "The latest TV set bought by Xiao Zhang's family can automatically adjust the brightness of the screen according to the ambient light around the TV set", "There is a mobile phone software called siri, which uses natural language processing technology to enable users to interact with the phone with natural conversations"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11479, "answer": 2, "text": "Radioactive waste from nuclear power plants has been temporarily stored on-site, but this is not a satisfactory kind of place for long-range storage. Since no suitable plan of safe permanent storage of such waste from the nation' s existing and planned nuclear plants has been devised, some people propose that we should stop trying to develop such a plan and instead should shut down all present nuclear plants and build no new nuclear plants.", "question": "The proposal mentioned above falls short of offering a complete solution to the problem it addresses because", "options": ["it would prevent the development of safe technologies for producing electric power", "it does not distinguish between nuclear plants that have, and plants that do not have, a reputation for operating safely", "it does not provide for the permanent storage of already-existing waste", "the risks of unsafe disposal of waste from nuclear power plants lie in the future, but the benefits from such plants are in the present"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 12748, "answer": 2, "text": "Jorge: You won' t be able to write well about the rock music of the 1960s, since you were just an infant then. Rock music of the 1960s was created by and for people who were then in their teens and early twenties. Ruth: Your reasoning is absurd. There are living writers who write well about ancient Roman culture, even though those writers are obviously not a part of ancient Roman culture.", "question": "Why should my youth alone prevent me from writing well about the music of a period as recent as the 1960s? Which one of the following most accurately represents what is at issue between Jorge and Ruth?", "options": ["whether only people who are past their early twenties can write well about ancient cultures", "whether Ruth's ideas about the rock music of the 1960s are likely to appeal to people who were in their teens or early twenties during that period", "whether only those people who were in their teens or early twenties during the 1960s can be qualified to write about the rock music of that period", "whether people who are not now in their teens or early twenties can write well about the rock music of the 1960s"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 2684, "answer": 3, "text": "Researcher Wang: the mass entrepreneurship and mass innovation put forward by our government inspires every entrepreneur. For entrepreneurs, the most important thing is to have a perseverance. No matter what difficulties you encounter in starting a business, you must stick to it. Professor Li: for entrepreneurs, the most important thing is to dare to try new technologies. Because there are some new technologies that some big companies do not dare to try easily, this brings opportunities for entrepreneurs to succeed.", "question": "Based on the above information, which of the following is the most accurate point of the difference between Professor Wang and Professor Li?", "options": ["The most important thing is to dare to meet the challenges of various entrepreneurial challenges, or dare to try new technologies that big companies do not dare to try easily", "The most important thing is to persist in starting a business, perseverance and perseverance to keep going, or to persist in innovation and make more scientific discoveries and technological inventions", "The most important thing is to persist in doing a good job of starting a business, to become a member of the entrepreneurial public, or to strive to invent new technologies and become a member of the masses of innovators", "The most important thing is to persist in the spirit, not afraid of difficulties, or dare to try new technologies and seize the opportunity for career success"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 2702, "answer": 2, "text": "With regard to all kinds of criticisms, leading cadres should adopt the attitude of correcting the shortcomings and mistakes pointed out by others, and if they do not, they should encourage themselves so that they will not make the same mistakes in the future. Create an atmosphere in which people who give advice are innocent as long as they are well-intentioned, even if the proposal is not correct. Even if the person who listens to the opinion does not have the shortcomings and mistakes mentioned by the other party, he can warn himself with what he has heard. Only in this way can people tell everything they know and talk endlessly. Only by following the flow of advice and supporting those who tell the truth can leading cadres make scientific decisions or make scientific decisions; only when they are willing and good at listening to different opinions can they create a political ecology with a clear spirit.", "question": "Based on the above information, which of the following can be inferred?", "options": ["Leading cadres must be kind to criticism, sincerely and willing to accept the opinions of others, and support those who tell the truth.", "The majority of leading cadres can adopt the attitude of humbly listening to and correctly treating other people's critical opinions.", "If leading cadres fail to heed the flow of advice, they will not be able to make scientific decisions.", "The person who makes the suggestion is innocent as long as it is well-intentioned, even if the proposal is not correct. Even if the person who listens to the opinion does not have the shortcomings and mistakes mentioned by the other party, he can warn himself with what he has heard. Only by creating such an atmosphere can a clean political ecology be formed."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 724, "answer": 0, "text": "Economies of Scope is an economy brought about by the business scope rather than scale of manufacturers. It is an economic phenomenon that the cost of producing two products at the same time is lower than that of producing the second product respectively", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings belongs to Economies of Scope?", "options": ["A brewery acquired a small brewery with operating losses. After the expansion of the production line, the raw material procurement cost was reduced, and the beer production efficiency of the two plants was improved", "After a furniture manufacturer implemented the combined production of table and wardrobe, the same production process effectively reduced the cost", "Due to the expansion of market demand, the manual workshop production of cloth shoes and insoles is gradually replaced by", "A dairy factory produces cheese and yogurt together. Their production processes learn from each other, their products are improved, and their sales volume is greatly increased (not involving costs)"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10923, "answer": 2, "text": "It is well documented that people have positive responses to some words, such as kind and wonderful, and negative responses to others, such as evil and nausea. Recently, psychological experiments have revealed that people also have positive or negative responses to many nonsense words. This shows that people' s responses to words are conditioned not only by what the words mean, but also by how they sound.", "question": "The claim that people have positive or negative responses to many nonsense words plays which one of the following roles in the argument?", "options": ["It is a conclusion for which the only support provided is the claim that people's responses to words are conditioned both by what the words mean and by how they sound.", "It is a generalization partially supported by the claim that meaningful words can trigger positive or negative responses in people.", "It is a premise offered in support of the conclusion that people's responses to words are engendered not only by what the words mean, but also by how they sound.", "It is a premise offered in support of the conclusion that people have either a positive or a negative response to any word."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 3746, "answer": 1, "text": "Scientists have found that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) has a preventive effect on heart disease. People who smoke more than 20 cigarettes a day have significantly lower levels of HDL. If you stop smoking, the content will increase. HDL content is the highest in thin people and the lowest in obese people. In men, the content of HDL decreases in their forties, on the contrary, in women, the content of HDL in elderly women is higher than that in elderly men.", "question": "It can be seen that which of the following is correct?", "options": ["Compared with women, men are more likely to suffer from heart disease", "Male smokers are more likely to have heart disease than women", "The older men are, the higher the risk of heart disease", "Older men who are thin are less likely to have heart disease than older women who are fat"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 712, "answer": 3, "text": "Xiao Zhu was in good shape on his birthday. He specially invited four good friends Xiao Wang, Xiao Zhang, Xiao Liu and Xiao Li to dinner at home. Xiao Zhu's mother prepared a rich dinner for them. According to local customs, Xiao Zhu ate an egg specially cooked for him by his mother. During the meal, everyone jokingly warned Xiao Wang, who has the worst intestines and stomach, not to eat too much, Be careful with diarrhea. Everyone tasted every dish on the table. Xiao Wang ate the most despite everyone's warning. As a result, Xiao Zhu had diarrhea soon after dinner, but others had no problem.", "question": "Which of the following items is best explanation for Xiao Zhu's diarrhea:", "options": ["Xiao Zhu's mother didn't take good hygiene precautions in the process of cooking. Maybe the dishes were not cleaned, or maybe the raw and cooked food were not cut separately", "Xiao Zhu had a bad stomach that day, but he didn't feel it", "The raw materials used in a dish are likely to be out of season dishes or genetically modified foods. Eating too much is easy to cause diarrhea", "Dishes on the table can't be eaten with eggs, otherwise it will cause diarrhea"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 4814, "answer": 1, "text": "Tendering is a transaction method in which the tenderee does not go through the general transaction negotiation process before buying and selling bulk commodities, contracting construction projects or cooperating in a certain business, but publicly solicits bids from the applicants, and finally the tenderee selects the transaction object to contract.", "question": "Which of the following transaction methods belong to tendering?", "options": ["The county government issued a notice for the construction of secondary roads, soliciting units with secondary qualifications and above to bid", "U.S. offers a $5 million reward for catching bin Laden alive", "Huatong's listed stocks were sold at a price of ten yuan", "Uncle Li's villa wanted to be sold, so it was priced at 900,000 yuan and declared that it could be negotiated"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 9222, "answer": 3, "text": "Pascal, a modern French thinker, once argued that either there was a Christian God or there was no Christian God. If you believe that God exists and live in a Christian way, then if God does exist, you will have endless blessings: if God does not exist, you will have very little to lose. But suppose you don't believe that God exists and don't live in a Christian way. If God doesn't exist, you have nothing to lose: if God does exist, you will be punished endlessly. So don't hesitate, choose to believe in God and live in a Christian way.", "question": "Which of the following options best illustrates the loophole in the logic of this argument?", "options": ["This argument mistakenly presupposes that one can choose whether to believe or not to believe in God at will.", "Pascal changed the quality of faith and turned it into a matter of calculation of the self-interest.", "If God does not exist, we choose to believe in God, which will lead to our wrong understanding of the world and muddle through our lives.", "There are many religions in this world, each of which has powerful gods (gods) and they all impose unlimited punishments on those who do not believe in themselves."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11173, "answer": 1, "text": "A sudden increase in the production of elephant ivory artifacts on the Mediterranean coast of North Africa occurred in the tenth century. Historians explain this increase as the result of an area opening up as a new source of ivory and argue on this basis that the important medieval trade between North Africa and East Africa began at this period.", "question": "Each of the following, if true, provides some support for the historians' account described above EXCEPT:", "options": ["In East Africa gold coins from Mediterranean North Africa have been found at a tenth-century site but at no earlier sites.", "Documents from Mediterranean Europe and North Africa that date back earlier than the tenth century show knowledge of East African animals.", "East African carvings in a style characteristic of the tenth century depict seagoing vessels very different from those used by local sailors but of a type common in the Mediterranean.", "The many surviving letters of pre-tenth-century North African merchants include no mention of business transactions involving East Africa."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 3434, "answer": 3, "text": "Intelligence refers to the use of certain media (carriers) , across space and time to specific users to solve the scientific research, production, business needs of specific knowledge and information.", "question": "Based on the above definition, which of the following is not intelligence?", "options": ["A company decided to switch production after learning from a customer that a competitor had significantly reduced the cost of a product through technological innovation.", "Using the network to the Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Technicians Xiaoli consult, fruit farmer Zhaomou cured cherry brown spot perforation.", "A school cafeteria ordered 2,000 jin by phone when a TV station reported that potatoes from a certain area had been piled up in large quantities and sold cheaply.", "Every time before going on a trip, Xiao Sun and his friends check the route on the internet with an electronic map and send the route to their mobile phones."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 12772, "answer": 0, "text": "Some political thinkers hope to devise a form of government in which every citizen' s rights are respected. But such a form of government is impossible. For any government must be defined and controlled by laws that determine its powers and limits; and it is inevitable that some individuals will learn how to interpret these laws to gain a greater share of political power than others have.", "question": "Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?", "options": ["In any form of government, if anybody gains a greater share of political power than others have, then somebody's rights will be violated.", "A government can ensure that every citizen's rights are respected by keeping the citizens ignorant of the laws.", "In any form of government that leads to unequal distribution of political power, the rights of the majority of people will be violated.", "People who have more political power than others have tend to use it to acquire an even greater share of political power."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5996, "answer": 0, "text": "Family migration refers to the phenomenon of one-way population flow in which family members leave their original residence and move to the destination with the main factors of production.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following is the family migration?", "options": ["Xiao Wang and his wife moved their family to the working city because of the job transfer.", "Lao Li and his wife work in the coastal cities all the year round. Only during the spring festival can they go home to reunite with their parents and children.", "After years of working outside the home, Lao Zhang's family returned to settle down in their hometown. But after living a period of time, they found that the hometown is very suitable for farming.", "After his wife's death, Liu was taken to a local retirement home by his only daughter, who worked in Macau."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 2623, "answer": 3, "text": "Sugar-free drinks have become popular because of their high calorie content, which can easily lead to obesity. After a period of investigation, Professor Li believes that just because sugar-free drinks are low in calories doesn't mean they won't lead to weight gain. Because sugar-free drinks may lead to a high preference for sweets, this means eating more sugary foods. Moreover, sugar-free drinks have little nutrition, and drinking too much limits the intake of other healthy drinks, such as tea and fruit juices.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, can best support Professor Li's point of view?", "options": ["Tea is a traditional Chinese drink, which is beneficial to health for a long time", "Some thin people also like to drink sugar-free drinks", "Some fat people have a sweet tooth", "Many fat people report to the doctor that they often drink sugar-free drinks"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 12920, "answer": 0, "text": "Scientist: Some pundits claim that the public is afraid of scientists. This isn' t true. I have been a scientist for several decades, and I have never met anyone who is afraid of scientists.", "question": "Which one of the following is an assumption required by the scientist's argument?", "options": ["If the public were afraid of scientists, then over several decades a scientist would encounter at least one person who was afraid of scientists.", "If a person understood what science is really about, then that person would not be afraid of scientists.", "Alleged scientific claims may be used to manipulate people, and it is understandable that people would be on their guard against such manipulation.", "People may be apprehensive about technological developments that result from science even if they are not afraid of scientists themselves."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 3703, "answer": 1, "text": "Heart disease is closely related to fat embolism in arteries. But a new study shows that fat molecules come not only from food, but also from certain bacteria in the mouth. Based on this, the researchers believe that oral disease is often associated with heart disease.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, can best support the above researchers' point of view?", "options": ["Heart disease is usually caused by atherosclerosis, in which arteries are blocked by a substance called lipids", "The lipid molecules produced by this bacteria are different from those in mammals and belong to a special bacterial family", "In general, the bacteria remain active only in the mouth, and they may cause periodontal disease in the right environment", "Cytokines caused by oral diseases can destroy the insulin glands and reduce the necessary insulin secretion of the human body, which can easily lead to the occurrence of diabetes"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 3666, "answer": 2, "text": "There are four cups on the kitchen table, each with a sentence: the first cup says all cups are honey water; the second cup says this cup is brine water; the third cup says this cup is not sugar water; the fourth cup says there is no honey water in some cups.", "question": "If only one sentence written on the four cups is true, then which of the following must be true?", "options": ["The first cup is honey water", "The second cup is brine", "The third cup is sugar water", "The fourth cup is not honey water"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 2997, "answer": 3, "text": "Grain can be traded in the futures market before harvesting. If grain production is predicted to be insufficient, grain futures prices will rise; if grain harvests are predicted, grain futures prices will fall. This morning, meteorologists predicted that from tomorrow there will be much-needed rainfall in the grain-producing areas. Therefore, since sufficient moisture is very important to the survival of current grains, the price of grain futures today will fall sharply.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, weakens the above point of view most seriously?", "options": ["If you do not accept enough wet grain during the critical pollination stage, you will not have a bumper harvest", "The price of grain futures fluctuated more sharply in this quarter than in the last quarter", "Tomorrow's rainfall predicted by meteorologists is likely to extend beyond the grain-producing areas", "A pathogen that has destroyed some cereal crops will spread more widely before the end of the growing season, agricultural experts announced today"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 4255, "answer": 3, "text": "Bacteriophage is a kind of bacteria, which can prey on bacteria. At present, with the development of medical implantation technology, more and more patients receive medical implants such as urinary catheters and cardiac stents, but it also brings the risk of bacterial infection. Therefore, some researchers believe that if bacteriophages are adsorbed on the surface of implant materials and then were put into patients, the infection caused by implants could be avoided.", "question": "Which one of the followings can most weaken the above conclusion if it is true?", "options": ["For patients with medical implants, antibiotics are generally used to prevent bacterial infection.", "Where there are bacteria, there may be corresponding bacteriophages, but their number is different.", "Bacteriophages can attack healing bacteria, but sometimes they can prey on beneficial bacteria.", "After entering the body, some bacteriophages cannot adapt to the body fluid environment, so they cannot maintain their activity."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 9392, "answer": 1, "text": "There is a very complex relationship between genes, traits and diseases. the most primitive way to decipher this relationship is the gene linkage analysis established in the middle of the last century: by comparing the similarities and differences of chromosome bands or genetic markers of different members of families affected by genetic diseases, locate disease-causing genes on chromosomes. This method has made a lot of achievements in the study of single-gene genetic diseases, but its disadvantage is that the resolution is limited, so it is difficult to accurately locate a single gene.", "question": "Which of the followings is the main content of this text?", "options": ["It is difficult to accurately decipher the relationship between genes and diseases", "There are obvious defects in the method of gene linkage analysis", "It is easier to find out the cause of single gene hereditary disease", "Gene analysis is helpful to the accurate treatment of genetic diseases"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 9876, "answer": 2, "text": "The rhetoric of opposites and mutually reinforcing refers to the clever connection of two concepts or judgments which are usually opposite and excluded from each other, which can not only reveal the deep contradiction and dialectic relationship existing in objective things, but also increase the meaning of language.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings is not a mutually reinforcing figure of speech?", "options": ["Boldly forth head bowed, like a willing ox I serve the children", "Some people live, but he is dead; Some people die, but he lives", "Reeds on the wall are top-heavy and shallow; Bamboo shoots in the mountains, beak tip skin thick belly empty", "It was the day when the great dead lived forever in the land of poetry; On this day, the living clown is buried in the hearts of the people"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 4355, "answer": 1, "text": "Civil servants refer to staff who perform public duties in accordance with the law, are included in the administrative staff, and are paid by the state finances for wages and benefits.", "question": "Which of the followings is not civil servants?", "options": ["Cadres at all levels of Jiu San Society", "Judge of Dongcheng District Court", "Staff of Fuzhou Customs", "Notary at Haidian Notary Office"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10304, "answer": 3, "text": "The traditional view is that most of the methane that causes Greenhouse Effect comes from wetlands and the digestive tract of ruminants, but green plants that can absorb carbon dioxide also release methane. Scientists have found that the astonishing result is that the annual amount of methane released by the world's green plants is 60 million to 240 million tons, accounting for 10% to 40% of the world's total annual methane emissions, of which about 2/3 come from tropical areas with rich vegetation.", "question": "All but which of the following statements can support the views of scientists?", "options": ["If green plants are not taken into account, excluding all other factors, there are still a large number of sources of methane in the world that cannot be explained", "German scientists have observed methane clouds over the rainforest by satellite, a phenomenon that cannot be explained by known global sources of methane", "American chemists analyzed air samples taken from the Venezuelan savannas and concluded that the amount of methane released by vegetation in this area was 30 million to 60 million tons", "Some scientists stressed that the recent increase in methane levels and global warming have nothing to do with forests and plants are innocent"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 3001, "answer": 1, "text": "A report on acid rain concluded, most forests in Canada are not damaged by acid rain. Critics of the report insist that this conclusion must be changed to, most forests in Canada do not show obvious symptoms of being damaged by acid rain, such as abnormal leaf loss, slower growth or higher mortality.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, provides the most logically strong justification for critics' insistence on changing the conclusions of the report?", "options": ["Some forests in Canada are being damaged by acid rain", "Acid rain may be causing damage whose symptoms are not yet obvious", "The report does not compare the damage caused by acid rain to forests in Canada with the damage caused by acid rain to forests in other countries", "In the past 15 years, all forests in Canada have been exposed to acid rain"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11785, "answer": 0, "text": "For years the beautiful Renaissance buildings in Palitito have been damaged by exhaust from the many tour buses that come to the city. There has been little parking space, so most buses have idled at the curb during each stop on their tour, and idling produces as much exhaust as driving. The city has now provided parking that accommodates a third of the tour buses, so damage to Palitito' s buildings from the buses' exhaust will diminish significantly.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the argument?", "options": ["Tour buses typically spend less than one-quarter of the time they are in Palitito transporting passengers from one site to another.", "Palitito's Renaissance buildings are not threatened by pollution other than engine exhaust.", "The exhaust from Palitito's few automobiles is not a significant threat to Palitito's buildings.", "Some of the tour buses that are unable to find parking drive around Palitito while their passengers are visiting a site."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 998, "answer": 3, "text": "The production of infant formula in China there are more than 130 enterprises, and only four companies in the United States, compared to the United States for the number of infant formula milk powder is much higher than our country. imagine, if there are only four production formula, the enterprise will cherish their own brand value, continue to strengthen food safety consciousness, any possible food safety risk is the enterprise itself, It would be unthinkable to occur a problem with melamine. ", "question": "Which of the following, if true, weakens the above view?", "options": ["A company is a famous manufacturer of infant formula in the United States, melamine was found in a brand of formula milk powder produced by them.", "There are more than 90 infant formula manufacturers in a certain country,the milk powder produced by most of them has not been found to have melamine.", "A company is a famous dairy production enterprise in China, its brand value is very high, but it was found in its milk products.", "There are too many enterprises producing infant formula milk powder in China, brand value is not important to the enterprise, so these enterprises dare to add melamine in milk powder."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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