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Human: [Marvel] Theoretically, if Electro wasn't an idiot, what other, creative ways could he use his powers besides just shooting lightning? Electro is an idiot, don't get me wrong I love the guy, he's been my second favorite Spiderman villain ever since Spectacular Spiderman. But I know that there must be more ways to utilize such a useful and versatile ability besides just shooting lightning which he seems content to do. How could he apply his powers more creatively? Assistant: He's a lot more in-depth with his powers in 616 comics canon than he is in the Spectacular Spider-Man show. He's got a decent amount of versatility, and he's decently intelligent to boot.	Human: [Marvel] Theoretically, if Electro wasn't an idiot, what other, creative ways could he use his powers besides just shooting lightning? Electro is an idiot, don't get me wrong I love the guy, he's been my second favorite Spiderman villain ever since Spectacular Spiderman. But I know that there must be more ways to utilize such a useful and versatile ability besides just shooting lightning which he seems content to do. How could he apply his powers more creatively? Assistant: Drain everyones batteries	-0.120138
Human: What are some great books that teach the fundamentals of baking, sort of like a “Salt Fat Acid Heat” but for baking instead of cooking? I’ve been baking for many years, always fairly carefully following recipes of one kind or another. But I’d like to become confident enough to bake without a recipe, maybe even without scales, the way my grandmother and great-grandmother baked (they’ve passed on so I can’t ask them). Any book recommendations that focus more on the fundamentals and learning to bake intuitively than on recipes? Assistant: https://www.amazon.com/Flour-Water-Salt-Yeast-Fundamentals/dp/160774273X	Human: What are some great books that teach the fundamentals of baking, sort of like a “Salt Fat Acid Heat” but for baking instead of cooking? I’ve been baking for many years, always fairly carefully following recipes of one kind or another. But I’d like to become confident enough to bake without a recipe, maybe even without scales, the way my grandmother and great-grandmother baked (they’ve passed on so I can’t ask them). Any book recommendations that focus more on the fundamentals and learning to bake intuitively than on recipes? Assistant: If you want to bake without scales, you need to practice measuring with the scale, examining the amount, then measuring without it, and check yourself. It's all about repetition and practice.	0.813299
Human: Explain like I'm five years old: Why does aluminum foil never get hot to the touch. You can leave it in the oven and touch it directly out of the oven without it feeling hot. Why is this? Assistant: I just tried this today. No mitts and grabbed it quickly out of the oven. For a split second it was hot (or i imagined it). But it cooled quickly, no damage to my fingers.	Human: Explain like I'm five years old: Why does aluminum foil never get hot to the touch. You can leave it in the oven and touch it directly out of the oven without it feeling hot. Why is this? Assistant: Explain like I'm five years old, hm.... Aluminum likes to be the temperature of whatever else it is around. Oven: Want to be really hot? Aluminum: Yeah! Person's hand: Want to be skin temperature? Aluminum: Yeah! Other materials like water and oil try to convince your skin to be really hot instead, when they come out of the oven, and that hurts. DON'T TOUCH STUFF WHEN IT COMES OUT OF THE OVEN! I love you. Hug	0.736943
Human: [General Fantasy] Why are their no Half-Dwarves when their are Half-Elves and Half-Orcs? I never really understood why in fantasy half-elves and half-orcs are so common when half-dwarves are basically non-existent? In almost every fantasy world where interspecies breeding is possible we see half elves and orcs everywhere but no half-dwarves? Why would this be, are dwarves just not intermingling or are they somehow exempt from the interspecies compatibility? Assistant: Darksun setting has half dwarves, and they are beastly! I just assume most humans don't find stocky hairy women attactive in most other settings.	Human: [General Fantasy] Why are their no Half-Dwarves when their are Half-Elves and Half-Orcs? I never really understood why in fantasy half-elves and half-orcs are so common when half-dwarves are basically non-existent? In almost every fantasy world where interspecies breeding is possible we see half elves and orcs everywhere but no half-dwarves? Why would this be, are dwarves just not intermingling or are they somehow exempt from the interspecies compatibility? Assistant: Elves feed into the lithe and petite aesthethic, while orcs can be musclewomen. Everything aligns about the same size wise too. Meanwhile dwarves are little people. Yeah you can tell they're not children, but they're still child size. I wouldn't be surprised if they feel a sense of revulsion towards us tall people, appearing lankier and ganglier than any of their kinsmen. It could be a medical issue too, like a great dane trying to breed with a chihuahua.	0.813186
Human: What's your favorite alloy of metal? Why is it your favorite and what are some of its applications? I'd like to learn about some unique and uncommon alloys of metal. Like Stainless Steel 21-6-9 and its cryogenic performance, similar to other 300 series austenitic stainless steels. Assistant: Ni20Fe20Cr20Co20Zn15Mn5. It has no applications whatsoever. It's a mediocre permanent magnet material. But I developed it during my PhD research. So me being the first (and probably only) person to make it, I'm a little more sentimental about that one.	Human: What's your favorite alloy of metal? Why is it your favorite and what are some of its applications? I'd like to learn about some unique and uncommon alloys of metal. Like Stainless Steel 21-6-9 and its cryogenic performance, similar to other 300 series austenitic stainless steels. Assistant: I'm rather uncivilized, here. There's just something about old iron that gets me. The dimensional stability, the wear resistance. I know there's much cooler alloys out there... Iron says "I'm here to stay, lets go to work."	0.813116
Human: How to summarize PhD in 15 minute presentation? I will give a 15 minute presentation at a (non-academic, but research field) job interview, overviewing my previous work. I have my thesis defense presentation (exhaustive and long). Any tips on how to shave this down and focus the presentation? I am overwhelmed by the idea. Assistant: Your job isn't to defend your dissertation. Your job is to make them interested to learn more.	Human: How to summarize PhD in 15 minute presentation? I will give a 15 minute presentation at a (non-academic, but research field) job interview, overviewing my previous work. I have my thesis defense presentation (exhaustive and long). Any tips on how to shave this down and focus the presentation? I am overwhelmed by the idea. Assistant: If your thesis had multiple smaller experiments, either focus on one only, or if you include all then have one slide each, but focus more of the talk on what ties them together.	0.81302
Human: As far as technique and dishes, when would one use chicken thighs over chicken breast in a certain application? I've always been more a thigh person and it's more forgiving, but other than taste preference is there any advantage of one over the other? Assistant: Coq au vin!	Human: As far as technique and dishes, when would one use chicken thighs over chicken breast in a certain application? I've always been more a thigh person and it's more forgiving, but other than taste preference is there any advantage of one over the other? Assistant: No expert but I’ve found chicken thighs to be more flavorful. Going to the gym every day and eating pounds of chicken a week, maybe I got used to it tired of the breast taste or maybe it’s all in my head lol	0.664971
Human: Am I editing for a predatory journal? Some background, I was accepted as a fellow into this program which has been... an experience to say the least. The head of the program has been highly unprofessional and at times has bordered on harassment through chat channels. Regardless, part of the fellowship includes an editorial position at the institute's associated journal, which I will link in the comments. I was recently asked to do a full edit (grammar, syntax, etc) of an "accepted" paper which sounds strange to me, as this was never something that was done in any of my previous papers that I submitted for peer review. Is this a normal process? For additional context, the paper I am tasked to edit is of incredibly subpar quality and I am now questioning the entire peer-review process. Assistant: Red flags everywhere, so I guess the answer to your question is 'yes'.	Human: Am I editing for a predatory journal? Some background, I was accepted as a fellow into this program which has been... an experience to say the least. The head of the program has been highly unprofessional and at times has bordered on harassment through chat channels. Regardless, part of the fellowship includes an editorial position at the institute's associated journal, which I will link in the comments. I was recently asked to do a full edit (grammar, syntax, etc) of an "accepted" paper which sounds strange to me, as this was never something that was done in any of my previous papers that I submitted for peer review. Is this a normal process? For additional context, the paper I am tasked to edit is of incredibly subpar quality and I am now questioning the entire peer-review process. Assistant: Honestly if it’s not Sage, Springer, Wiley, or your own org, it’s probably a red flag.	0.743351
Human: Any tips for studying for the FE mechanical exam? I'm going into my senior year and I would like to take the FE either this semester or the spring. Anyone who has taken the FE mechanical exam, do you have any tips or advice on what the best ways to prepare are? Thank you! Assistant: Don’t get too caught up in study books….focus on PRACTICE PROBLEMS! And while you are practicing make sure you use your calculator and your PDF you’ll use on the test	Human: Any tips for studying for the FE mechanical exam? I'm going into my senior year and I would like to take the FE either this semester or the spring. Anyone who has taken the FE mechanical exam, do you have any tips or advice on what the best ways to prepare are? Thank you! Assistant: I have no advice but I would like to say congratulations to you. Becoming a PE is a very difficult and honorable task that shows respect for yourself and the engineering community. Good Job! I am proud of you!	0.781928
Human: Got lot of almond flour, no all purpose flour (lockdown) what can i make? So i got lot of almond flour, no all purpose flour. What can i make? Cakes or cookies suggestions pls Assistant: If you want a real challenge (and have plenty of eggs), you can try macarons! If you haven't done them before I would bet you money you won't get them right on your first try. I don't say that to be discouraging, they're sort of fun if you view mastering them as a white whale project.	Human: Got lot of almond flour, no all purpose flour (lockdown) what can i make? So i got lot of almond flour, no all purpose flour. What can i make? Cakes or cookies suggestions pls Assistant: I’ve been wanting to make this recipe since I first watched the corresponding video. Uses 3 cups of almond flour! https://www.bonappetit.com/recipe/gluten-free-carrot-cake	0.671732
Human: How do you cook your Korean bbq? I always just make it in a frying pan when I'm home but im looking to get a small indoor grill or bbq plate so the juice drips out. Probably a grill plate cause it's a lot cheaper lol What do you guys use to cook your Korean bbq? Assistant: MY mom had one of these and I just bought my own this at H-mart https://www.amazon.com/Plate-Iwatani-Cb-p-y3-Large-IWATANI/dp/B001028IWY/ref=sr\_1\_10?keywords=korean+bbq&qid=1576164019&sr=8-10	Human: How do you cook your Korean bbq? I always just make it in a frying pan when I'm home but im looking to get a small indoor grill or bbq plate so the juice drips out. Probably a grill plate cause it's a lot cheaper lol What do you guys use to cook your Korean bbq? Assistant: I grill K-bbq on my George Foreman grill and it works very well. You can place it on your dining table and grill as you eat, just like you would at a restaurant.	0.812653
Human: PM is hinting I’m taking up too much of my mentor’s time. I’ve only been at the position for 2 months (entry level) and yesterday my PM mentioned that any time my mentor was helping me, it was time he’s not working on his own projects. Fair enough. But the position is CAD-heavy and my mentor did literally all the coding so when something doesn’t work or if I don’t understand why it works a particular way, he’s the only person to ask. Now I’m feeling like a burden and my work pace is suffering because of a hesitancy to ask questions. Is this just bad management? Being set up to fail? Am I just too dumb and slow? Assistant: Bad PM, screw him, you need to learn.	Human: PM is hinting I’m taking up too much of my mentor’s time. I’ve only been at the position for 2 months (entry level) and yesterday my PM mentioned that any time my mentor was helping me, it was time he’s not working on his own projects. Fair enough. But the position is CAD-heavy and my mentor did literally all the coding so when something doesn’t work or if I don’t understand why it works a particular way, he’s the only person to ask. Now I’m feeling like a burden and my work pace is suffering because of a hesitancy to ask questions. Is this just bad management? Being set up to fail? Am I just too dumb and slow? Assistant: That comment might be implying that you are asking the same question more than once, or the mentor is slacking off and using time spent with you as an excuse.	0.812626
Human: Browning butter in bulk instructions? From start to finish, how many sticks at a time, which pot/pan, how do you cool it and how do you portion it? 1) How many sticks/how much do you brown per pot/pan? 2) What pot/pan (stock pot? Skillet?) 3) once browned, how do you cool it down in bulk? 4) When do you start portioning while it’s cooling? Made brown butter 50 times, have always made it “on demand” one stick at a time in a 12” skillet. Looking to brown a 4lb Costco pack of butter Looking any other tips other than slaving over a stove one stick at a time Assistant: It is perfectly doable to brown a large quantity of butter just use a much deeper vessel than you expect to need because the foaming stage can easily overflow a small vessel. So not a skillet, but a deep sauce pan or stock pot would be fine. Also I think stirring the butter is a lot more necessary when doing large amounts. Good luck!	Human: Browning butter in bulk instructions? From start to finish, how many sticks at a time, which pot/pan, how do you cool it and how do you portion it? 1) How many sticks/how much do you brown per pot/pan? 2) What pot/pan (stock pot? Skillet?) 3) once browned, how do you cool it down in bulk? 4) When do you start portioning while it’s cooling? Made brown butter 50 times, have always made it “on demand” one stick at a time in a 12” skillet. Looking to brown a 4lb Costco pack of butter Looking any other tips other than slaving over a stove one stick at a time Assistant: 1 cup at a time is the method to use. If you mess up you don't waste tons of butter . I normally do about 2 cups at a time and I have a butter mold that I use so I can have sticks of brown butter.	0.812619
Human: [Harry Potter] How come the Marauder's Map can detect people underneath the Invisibility Cloak when not even Death could find people under the cloak? Secondary Question: How did a group of teenagers manage to make this map? Assistant: James Potter (Harry's Dad) made the map with his friends. James Potter owned the Deathly Hallow. He likely figured out through trial and error how to detect the cloak and put it in the map so his friends could find him in an emergency/for pranks/if they needed to have great coordination for a prank where he's invisible/for screwing Snape over in general	Human: [Harry Potter] How come the Marauder's Map can detect people underneath the Invisibility Cloak when not even Death could find people under the cloak? Secondary Question: How did a group of teenagers manage to make this map? Assistant: The map tapped into the ambient magic of Hogwarts. Which, to be crass, is pretty fucking powerful. It only worked there, and only because it is Hogwarts.	0.570432
Human: Explain like I'm five years old: I read about a "Zip Bomb" today that is a zipped file that is only 42kb when compressed, but unzipped is 45.5 Petabytes. My question is how can so much information be compressed into such a small file size? Assistant: 42.zip is just zeros, zipped, which can be compressed easily. Say your compression algorithm just says "1 billion zeros in a row make up this file ". That instruction is easily under 50 bytes, but represents one gig. Keep nesting these zipped files in folders, zipping them, then zipping that, repeat until you hit an arbitrary limit by the software, and you have a huge file unzipped, but its really nothing.	Human: Explain like I'm five years old: I read about a "Zip Bomb" today that is a zipped file that is only 42kb when compressed, but unzipped is 45.5 Petabytes. My question is how can so much information be compressed into such a small file size? Assistant: say a bit of data is 11001100 that could be compressed to 1010*operator basically uniform data can be compressed into smaller things as long as the data is similar and easy to compound. This principle can be expounded to arbitrary magnitudes, hence zip bombs.	0.580314
Human: What's so over-engineered in your industry that others shouldn't worry about breaking it? Assistant: Elevators, those weight limits could easily be tripled with no problem	Human: What's so over-engineered in your industry that others shouldn't worry about breaking it? Assistant: In electric substations, there is one brand of digital protection and control devices that meets this criteria. The are in about 95% of our system and they operate in a very harsh environment for 20+ years and are only replaced for a new device with additional features. We track this kind of stuff and the failure rate is less than 1% annually.	-0.083532
Human: Can i use full cocoa powder to bake cookies as a flour substitute? Hi! I am just started learning how to bake and really want to make flourless dark chocolate cookie. I’m wondering if its okay for me to completely swap the flour with cocoa powder or am I asking the stupid question? Thanks a lot everyone!!! Assistant: If you want to make a [thing], find a recipe for [thing].	Human: Can i use full cocoa powder to bake cookies as a flour substitute? Hi! I am just started learning how to bake and really want to make flourless dark chocolate cookie. I’m wondering if its okay for me to completely swap the flour with cocoa powder or am I asking the stupid question? Thanks a lot everyone!!! Assistant: As an individual who lazily made this mistake against my better judgement, the end product will probably taste good if you keep ratios in mind but they are NOT cookies in any way. Save yourself the hassle or understand it's just an experiment to go wrong lol they were super dry and did not hold a shape at all. Very crumbly, barely even a dough. Do not recommend.	0.348209
Human: IAmA person with substantial knowledge about Islam and human rights! AMA! I have a master's degree in human rights and international politics and two bachelor's degrees, one in philosophy and the other in religious studies with a focus on religious conflict. My research background is in conflict resolution, specifically with regards to Islam in Europe. I've previously published research on the death of Theo van Gogh, and my master's dissertation was on the Jyllands-Posten controversy, focusing specifically on the perceived incompatibility of rights. One thing that I'm particularly interested in - and particularly interested in talking about - is the current system of human rights and how it was developed with one particular set of values - namely, western-style, individual-centric values - and how it might integrate other systems of values, like Islamic ones or Asian ones. I'm happy to answer any questions about human rights, how human rights were developed, Islamic human rights, conflict resolution, and Islam in the west. AMA! Assistant: What can you tell me about LGBT* rights in Islamic communities? As a gay man, I'm interested but a little ignorant. I think the current narrative is that Islam simply isn't a safe space for gender and sexual minorities.	Human: IAmA person with substantial knowledge about Islam and human rights! AMA! I have a master's degree in human rights and international politics and two bachelor's degrees, one in philosophy and the other in religious studies with a focus on religious conflict. My research background is in conflict resolution, specifically with regards to Islam in Europe. I've previously published research on the death of Theo van Gogh, and my master's dissertation was on the Jyllands-Posten controversy, focusing specifically on the perceived incompatibility of rights. One thing that I'm particularly interested in - and particularly interested in talking about - is the current system of human rights and how it was developed with one particular set of values - namely, western-style, individual-centric values - and how it might integrate other systems of values, like Islamic ones or Asian ones. I'm happy to answer any questions about human rights, how human rights were developed, Islamic human rights, conflict resolution, and Islam in the west. AMA! Assistant: What is the true Islamic outlook on the Jewish nation? Specifically, what is the Islamic viewpoint of the Jewish "birthright" to the land of Israel. I've heard conflicting opinions, obviously, many saying the Jews have no right to the land and a minority claiming that the Koran deliberately states that Allah gave Israel to the Jews. Thanks!	0.812268
Human: [Game of Thrones] Do I HAVE to sit on the actual Iron Throne as the King/Queen? Since it seems to injure those that sit on it, as seen by various Kings across the series, do I really have to sit on the physical throne? Assistant: Yes, you have to sit on the Throne. If it were me, I would consider my wardrobe carefully. I believe wearing light armour and carrying a sword would let me look like Royal enough while protecting me from the Throne. It might be possible to tailor the armour to specifically protect from the Throne's blades without it being obvious. Wearing some kind of royal cape or cloak could help to conceal the tailored butt armour.	Human: [Game of Thrones] Do I HAVE to sit on the actual Iron Throne as the King/Queen? Since it seems to injure those that sit on it, as seen by various Kings across the series, do I really have to sit on the physical throne? Assistant: Westeros is an absolute Monarchy, there is no parliament or constitution that limits the sovereigns power, only tradition. If you convince enough of the right people the tradition is outdated you can sit wherever you like.	0.390277
Human: Explain like I'm five years old: If whales breath air, why do they die when they 'beach' ? Assistant: Question, OP: Was this post prompted by the 5 that just beached and died off Hunstanton coast in the UK this week? Cos I was just watching a news story on it and wondered the same thing. Nobody can work out why they beach themselves in the first place.	Human: Explain like I'm five years old: If whales breath air, why do they die when they 'beach' ? Assistant: The square/cubed law which says when something doubles in size ~~it gets 3x heavier instead of 2x~~ its mass is cubed. Without the ocean to support them the whales are literally being crushed to death by their own weight. Edit: fixed. thanks for telling me the correct way to describe the square/cube law.	0.812112
Human: advice on quitting phd and job search h hey. I am aphd student at one of the ivy's in the states.i have two MA degrees, one in history and one in africana studies. I am an international student and my soon to be spouse is from the states. I want to quit my PhD and begin working around the greenville, sc area. does anyone have advice on finding jobs inside and outside of universities. For many reasons, but especially for health reasons, I need to leave this program. Assistant: I'm not from that area but, what kind of work are you looking for outside of academia? It helps to have a direction or area you're aiming for. Try the Indeed app to search for available jobs. Identify the marketable skills you have. Probably: research, writing, administrative work, teaching? Identifying your skills can help narrow down the type of job you are looking for.	Human: advice on quitting phd and job search h hey. I am aphd student at one of the ivy's in the states.i have two MA degrees, one in history and one in africana studies. I am an international student and my soon to be spouse is from the states. I want to quit my PhD and begin working around the greenville, sc area. does anyone have advice on finding jobs inside and outside of universities. For many reasons, but especially for health reasons, I need to leave this program. Assistant: There's a social media account called The Professor Is In that deals with these things; I believe another term is alt-academia. I suggest googling those!	0.123694
Human: a Dalgona style icing/topping for cake? we made the Dalgona due to boredom, I like the look, the taste was bad (probably because we really dislike instant coffee). Got me thinking about cake, i like the look, but i cant figure out how I could make a coffee flavoured icing, or topping that has that creamy look and shine but just a way better taste. Assistant: Add instant coffee to Italian meringue. If you don't want to do instant, try using cold brew instead of water for the sugar syrup!	Human: a Dalgona style icing/topping for cake? we made the Dalgona due to boredom, I like the look, the taste was bad (probably because we really dislike instant coffee). Got me thinking about cake, i like the look, but i cant figure out how I could make a coffee flavoured icing, or topping that has that creamy look and shine but just a way better taste. Assistant: You can swap the instant coffee for matcha or cocoa powder or almost anything fine and powdery. It will still be very sweet.	0.713039
Human: Cat starves unless we give her Whiskas dry food. We tried vet stuff and other healthy options but she just starves. She went from being a good weight to very skinny after we changed her food. She's a 15 year old female cat. Now that we went back to the Whiskas she eats alot and is gaining weight. I know Whiskas isn't good for cats though apparently. She is spayed and I don't know her breed. She kind of looks like a Maine Coon but she isn't that big but she has a fluffy Mane like that. Assistant: If you really want to change it you can mix whiskas with your chosen brand. But if she’s 15, I’d just keep her on it. Let the old lady be	Human: Cat starves unless we give her Whiskas dry food. We tried vet stuff and other healthy options but she just starves. She went from being a good weight to very skinny after we changed her food. She's a 15 year old female cat. Now that we went back to the Whiskas she eats alot and is gaining weight. I know Whiskas isn't good for cats though apparently. She is spayed and I don't know her breed. She kind of looks like a Maine Coon but she isn't that big but she has a fluffy Mane like that. Assistant: Whiskas isn't a bad food and if it's all she'll eat, let her eat it.	0.132342
Human: A friend admitted to having never had prawn before. What is the best way to cook someone their first prawn? Assistant: depends on cultural biases and preference. If they hate garlic, don't do the garlic and butter. My suggestion would be find a dish they like and substitute the protein with shrimp. That way it is comfortable but still trying something new.	Human: A friend admitted to having never had prawn before. What is the best way to cook someone their first prawn? Assistant: Tempura	0.572884
Human: Why do American diesel freight locomotives typically use electric transmissions meanwhile European and Japanese ones usually use hydraulic/torque converter? Assistant: That is quite a general statement… modern European diesel trains are also diesel electric.	Human: Why do American diesel freight locomotives typically use electric transmissions meanwhile European and Japanese ones usually use hydraulic/torque converter? Assistant: Not an expert, but was born a railroad brat.... Could it have something to do with the ease of running multiple-unit configurations? US railroads tend to need more than than one unit most of the time. Which is trivial with diesel-electric locomotives.	0.303379
Human: Pregnant wife told waitress, “mushroom allergy” but we found mushroom in her omelette. She ended up needing epi administered by an ambulance and spent 4 hours recovering at the ER. She wants to, should we sue? Assistant: Cross-contamination is common in restaurants. To successfully sue you will need to prove that they were negligent in a duty to prevent your wife from coming in contact with mushrooms after she communicated the allergy. The laws I have been able to locate for the United States are state-dependent and mostly cover allergen warning communication (posters etc), not liability. https://www.foodallergy.org/resources/food-allergies-and-restaurants	Human: Pregnant wife told waitress, “mushroom allergy” but we found mushroom in her omelette. She ended up needing epi administered by an ambulance and spent 4 hours recovering at the ER. She wants to, should we sue? Assistant: What's the location? What are your OOP costs?	-0.086414
Human: What is the point of using screws with a Phillips head, flathead, allen, hex, etc. instead of just having one universal screw type? Assistant: I think the core of your question has been answered, but I wanted to add one point. Sometimes various screws are used for security reasons. For instance on the products my company sells there are some screws we intend for the customer to undo, and we will use hex, slotted, or Phillips for these. Other screws we don't want them messing with and may use Torx or something more rare. In fact some companies specialize in making strange screw head shapes purely for security reasons, as seen in this chart.	Human: What is the point of using screws with a Phillips head, flathead, allen, hex, etc. instead of just having one universal screw type? Assistant: To add, universal standards are a hard thing to decide upon. Just look at how imperial units remain, despite the existence of SI units. People will have differing opinions on which type is the best, especially as the different head types have different mechanical and operating properties. XKCD has relevant comic (as always) Standards	0.732066
Human: why am I so f'ing cold all the time? 23F, 5’8”, 145 lbs, white, only med is birth control, don’t drink regularly, no smoking or drugs Basically, exactly what it says on the tin: I’m really really cold all the time and I don’t know why. This has been an issue for as long as I can remember but I feel like it’s gotten steadily worse over time. I’m always wearing heavy sweatsuits, including to bed. Sometimes even with a sweatshirt on I’ll be so cold just sitting at room temperature that I have to layer on an extra jacket. I have a space heater in my room and I still regularly wake up shivering, teeth chattering, etc. My hands are always ice cold to the touch. My upper lip regularly turns purple and my feet are blue if I’m not wearing socks (like getting ready to take a shower.) I know some people run hotter or colder than others but it feels a bit excessive. However, I feel like this isn’t really an issue worth seeing a doctor about, since it’s mostly just annoying, which is why I thought I’d ask online instead. Some common causes I can rule out: \-anemia: I’ve had iron levels tested regularly as part of physicals and always been normal \-hypothyroidism: this runs in my family but I’ve had my levels tested multiple times and always been normal \-b12 deficiency: I am a vegetarian but I take supplements and again have had this tested and been normal. Also the issue far predates me becoming a vegetarian \-malnutrition/low body weight: I was anorexic and underweight in my teen years but gaining weight and eating normally did nothing to help me be less cold. If anything it’s even worse now as I used to at least be able to wear short sleeves in my house Again this isn’t a life threatening issue or anything but I would love to know why it is the case as none of the causes I could find online seemed to fit. Thanks for reading :) Assistant: (Not a doctor) I was like this for years too. It's very annoying. I even moved to Hawaii twice to stay warm, LOL. It mostly went away after menopause, so it is obviously something to do with hormones. I used heating pads to keep my feet warm, and at night.	Human: why am I so f'ing cold all the time? 23F, 5’8”, 145 lbs, white, only med is birth control, don’t drink regularly, no smoking or drugs Basically, exactly what it says on the tin: I’m really really cold all the time and I don’t know why. This has been an issue for as long as I can remember but I feel like it’s gotten steadily worse over time. I’m always wearing heavy sweatsuits, including to bed. Sometimes even with a sweatshirt on I’ll be so cold just sitting at room temperature that I have to layer on an extra jacket. I have a space heater in my room and I still regularly wake up shivering, teeth chattering, etc. My hands are always ice cold to the touch. My upper lip regularly turns purple and my feet are blue if I’m not wearing socks (like getting ready to take a shower.) I know some people run hotter or colder than others but it feels a bit excessive. However, I feel like this isn’t really an issue worth seeing a doctor about, since it’s mostly just annoying, which is why I thought I’d ask online instead. Some common causes I can rule out: \-anemia: I’ve had iron levels tested regularly as part of physicals and always been normal \-hypothyroidism: this runs in my family but I’ve had my levels tested multiple times and always been normal \-b12 deficiency: I am a vegetarian but I take supplements and again have had this tested and been normal. Also the issue far predates me becoming a vegetarian \-malnutrition/low body weight: I was anorexic and underweight in my teen years but gaining weight and eating normally did nothing to help me be less cold. If anything it’s even worse now as I used to at least be able to wear short sleeves in my house Again this isn’t a life threatening issue or anything but I would love to know why it is the case as none of the causes I could find online seemed to fit. Thanks for reading :) Assistant: Hypothyroidism or Hashimoto's autoimmune hypothyroidism. If thyroid hormones are too low within the normal range, you can end up with a low body temperature and feel cold all of the time. Have you had your FT4 and FT3 tested? If they are less than 50% of normal range, this could be why you are cold all of the time.	0.811651
Human: What makes a great carrot cake? Some people love carrot cake, but most of the people that I've talked to about it either don't care for it or are impartial. I haven't had a homemade one in as long as I can remember, so I want to try to bake one that most people can appreciate. However, each recipe that I've looked at so far has different ingredients. Some have walnuts, others have pecans. Some have crushed pineapple, others have coconut. Even the carrots are sometimes grated and other times shredded, with varying amounts of it. What do you like in your carrot cake? What do you not like? If you actually have a tried and true recipe, then feel free to share it with me! It would be helpful. Thanks, guys! Assistant: Carrot cake mix-ins can be SO polarizing! Personally I'm a hard no on raisins. Nuts are nice, but much better as an addition outside the frosting, than baked within the cake, IMO. Coconut is entirely unnecessary (and can be flat out awful at times), but if you must include it, sweetened shredded is by far the least offensive way to do so. Pineapple always and forever! Lots of carrots, shredded on a box greater or similar. Cream cheese frosting is the only acceptable frosting,.	Human: What makes a great carrot cake? Some people love carrot cake, but most of the people that I've talked to about it either don't care for it or are impartial. I haven't had a homemade one in as long as I can remember, so I want to try to bake one that most people can appreciate. However, each recipe that I've looked at so far has different ingredients. Some have walnuts, others have pecans. Some have crushed pineapple, others have coconut. Even the carrots are sometimes grated and other times shredded, with varying amounts of it. What do you like in your carrot cake? What do you not like? If you actually have a tried and true recipe, then feel free to share it with me! It would be helpful. Thanks, guys! Assistant: Cream cheese icing.	-0.191521
Human: Anybody know what to do with 2 kg of Waterbridge Belgian Milk Chocolate? So my friend recently gave me 2 kg of Waterbridge Belgian milk chocolate for helping him out with a small project of his just a while ago. I don’t really eat chocolate that much (and, if I do, it’s usually dark chocolate very sparingly). Anybody know what I can do with this? Could I use it for baking? Here is a photo of the chocolate bar that my friend gave me. I would really appreciate your thoughts! Assistant: You could use it up VERY quickly by making a chocolate bark of some kind. I often make it for the holiday, I also drizzle or marble dark and white chocolate with the milk chocolate, and sprinkle in add ins like nuts, marshmallows, candy, etc... Then package it up and give it as gifts. If stored properly it will easy last until the holidays, so no rush.	Human: Anybody know what to do with 2 kg of Waterbridge Belgian Milk Chocolate? So my friend recently gave me 2 kg of Waterbridge Belgian milk chocolate for helping him out with a small project of his just a while ago. I don’t really eat chocolate that much (and, if I do, it’s usually dark chocolate very sparingly). Anybody know what I can do with this? Could I use it for baking? Here is a photo of the chocolate bar that my friend gave me. I would really appreciate your thoughts! Assistant: Yes apart from all the suggestions here you can use them in a brownie or a muffin. Like a chocolate chip muffin. Chop these chocolate bar and use them in place of a regular chocolate chip.	0.641422
Human: CMV: The idea that the unvaccinated are ‘taking up beds’, or undeserving of care is wrong and a profound perversion of liberal values, progressivism, and the antithesis of the compassionate goals of modern healthcare So upfront, I’m an ICU nurse, about ten years into the career. I’ve worked only in the United States, but have worked in 5 or 6 different states, East to West coast, and the brunt of that has been in Western moderately to overwhelmingly ‘progressive’ large cities. Things to get out of the way: I’m vaccinated, I believe the vaccine is scientifically an incredible achievement, safe, and generally everyone who can get it should get it, certainly anyone with any dangerous comorbidities like HTN, obesity, or DM. This isn’t a discussion about vaccine efficacy. During the pandemic, specifically the delta waves in late 2020-early 2021, the ICU units I was working on were alternating between waves of dying COVID patients, almost entirely unvaccinated, and being filled with severe end stage alcohol abuse and IV drug use patients. At one point, in a weeks time we went from entirely full of COVID patients, to 100% full of alcohol abuse and withdrawal, suicide attempts, IVDU, and end stage lung disease from smoking, generally in addition to obesity, uncontrolled diabetes, etc. These other conditions are not new, ICU’s have been this way for decades. My coworkers were appalled, and the opinion was often that the unvaccinated were taking up ventilators and beds. I couldn’t help but think; what kind of supposedly liberal worldview would look down upon the group of people being literally slaughtered by an unprecedented airborne pandemic virus as unworthy of treatment and compassion?. This concept has bothered me for over a year now, which is why I’m here. The premise of my position: healthcare resources since the inception of modern healthcare have been overwhelmingly skewed towards use by people of lower socioeconomic status and poor health illiteracy, and COVID is no different. This isn’t rocket science, people with less resources are chronically stressed, make worse health choices, and suffer from more chronic diseases than health literate, well off people. They spend far more time sick in ICU’s than healthy people. Robert Sapolsky did a lot of great work on the subject, and “Why Zebras Don’t Get Ulcers” is an excellent read on the subject. Not being vaccinated is correlated with being conservative politically, but far more concretely correlated with being uneducated or being poor or marginalized. It is still to my knowledge profoundly illiberal to mistreat and look down upon uneducated, poor people in general. In the setting of a global pandemic and an era of high government mistrust for these communities, acceptance of this view is absolutely embarrassing. Common argument I’ve heard and am entertaining; the unvaccinated simply made one unacceptable behavioral/moral choice, the loads of other chronically ill morbidly obese, long term smokers, and general abusers of their health have biological predispositions for using healthcare resources;IE not their fault. Well, yes and no. Behavioral science is a fascinating and evolving discipline that I’m not well versed in, but vaccine hesitancy seems to me to be an extremely arbitrary point to draw the line between victim and villain. When a patient is hospitalized for a suicide attempt, we’re saddened that they stopped going to therapy or taking their antidepressants, but we don’t believe they’re taking up a hospital bed, or berating them for this poor choice. When a patient decides to stop taking their prescribed diuretics, or skip dialysis and ends up on life support, knowing full well of the consequences (this happens astonishingly often), we don’t look down on them for it. We treat them. This argument is rooted in the idea that some types of people have diagnosed diseases and are incapable of being at fault or making decisions for themselves, but the unvaccinated are not privy to that status. This sort of implies to me that we believe smoking addiction or food addiction has biological/social causes and being unvaccinated does not, or that those causes are less justified. My understanding of behavioral science and human nature is that these processes are more complex and assigning agency or lack thereof in a black and and white manner doesn’t seem beneficial. Assistant: I've worked in health care too and I think you're dramatically overestimating the kindness and understanding shown to people with mental illness, obesity, and addiction. There's a lot of contempt for those people. They are regularly berated for their poor choices and blamed for wasting hospital resources.	Human: CMV: The idea that the unvaccinated are ‘taking up beds’, or undeserving of care is wrong and a profound perversion of liberal values, progressivism, and the antithesis of the compassionate goals of modern healthcare So upfront, I’m an ICU nurse, about ten years into the career. I’ve worked only in the United States, but have worked in 5 or 6 different states, East to West coast, and the brunt of that has been in Western moderately to overwhelmingly ‘progressive’ large cities. Things to get out of the way: I’m vaccinated, I believe the vaccine is scientifically an incredible achievement, safe, and generally everyone who can get it should get it, certainly anyone with any dangerous comorbidities like HTN, obesity, or DM. This isn’t a discussion about vaccine efficacy. During the pandemic, specifically the delta waves in late 2020-early 2021, the ICU units I was working on were alternating between waves of dying COVID patients, almost entirely unvaccinated, and being filled with severe end stage alcohol abuse and IV drug use patients. At one point, in a weeks time we went from entirely full of COVID patients, to 100% full of alcohol abuse and withdrawal, suicide attempts, IVDU, and end stage lung disease from smoking, generally in addition to obesity, uncontrolled diabetes, etc. These other conditions are not new, ICU’s have been this way for decades. My coworkers were appalled, and the opinion was often that the unvaccinated were taking up ventilators and beds. I couldn’t help but think; what kind of supposedly liberal worldview would look down upon the group of people being literally slaughtered by an unprecedented airborne pandemic virus as unworthy of treatment and compassion?. This concept has bothered me for over a year now, which is why I’m here. The premise of my position: healthcare resources since the inception of modern healthcare have been overwhelmingly skewed towards use by people of lower socioeconomic status and poor health illiteracy, and COVID is no different. This isn’t rocket science, people with less resources are chronically stressed, make worse health choices, and suffer from more chronic diseases than health literate, well off people. They spend far more time sick in ICU’s than healthy people. Robert Sapolsky did a lot of great work on the subject, and “Why Zebras Don’t Get Ulcers” is an excellent read on the subject. Not being vaccinated is correlated with being conservative politically, but far more concretely correlated with being uneducated or being poor or marginalized. It is still to my knowledge profoundly illiberal to mistreat and look down upon uneducated, poor people in general. In the setting of a global pandemic and an era of high government mistrust for these communities, acceptance of this view is absolutely embarrassing. Common argument I’ve heard and am entertaining; the unvaccinated simply made one unacceptable behavioral/moral choice, the loads of other chronically ill morbidly obese, long term smokers, and general abusers of their health have biological predispositions for using healthcare resources;IE not their fault. Well, yes and no. Behavioral science is a fascinating and evolving discipline that I’m not well versed in, but vaccine hesitancy seems to me to be an extremely arbitrary point to draw the line between victim and villain. When a patient is hospitalized for a suicide attempt, we’re saddened that they stopped going to therapy or taking their antidepressants, but we don’t believe they’re taking up a hospital bed, or berating them for this poor choice. When a patient decides to stop taking their prescribed diuretics, or skip dialysis and ends up on life support, knowing full well of the consequences (this happens astonishingly often), we don’t look down on them for it. We treat them. This argument is rooted in the idea that some types of people have diagnosed diseases and are incapable of being at fault or making decisions for themselves, but the unvaccinated are not privy to that status. This sort of implies to me that we believe smoking addiction or food addiction has biological/social causes and being unvaccinated does not, or that those causes are less justified. My understanding of behavioral science and human nature is that these processes are more complex and assigning agency or lack thereof in a black and and white manner doesn’t seem beneficial. Assistant: I'll attempt to Change Your View by appeal to logic In what logical universe is it a virtue to provide benefit to those who actively oppose techniques designed to provide those very benefits? Or... At what point do you stop throwing life vests to drowning people who refuse them, denying those very life vests to those who seek survival? Sorry...no. We're in a crisis. Get behind the cure or go your own way. There are limits on "compassion" in a crisis.	0.516589
Human: Do Fenugreek leaves (methi leaves) actually taste like anything? I’ve been cooking some Indian/Persian dishes recently and decided to use fresh fenugreek leaves. Weirdly, I and some friends all tried the leaves and thought they had no discernible flavor. I threw a whole bunch of them into a masala and couldn’t tell a difference. Feel like I’m being gaslit by Big Fenugreek or something. Anyone know what’s up? Assistant: I’m Persian-Armenian and can confirm that the foods that have fenugreek absolutely need it. If your fenugreek was flavourless then perhaps you bought bad fenugreek. I’ve bought flavourless veggies and fruits before: why can’t the same thing happen for fenugreek? Where’d you buy the fenugreek? Because Persian and Armenian stores near me have good stuff. Same with Persian cucumbers. The ethnic stuff at non-ethnic stores seems to always be somewhat bland.	Human: Do Fenugreek leaves (methi leaves) actually taste like anything? I’ve been cooking some Indian/Persian dishes recently and decided to use fresh fenugreek leaves. Weirdly, I and some friends all tried the leaves and thought they had no discernible flavor. I threw a whole bunch of them into a masala and couldn’t tell a difference. Feel like I’m being gaslit by Big Fenugreek or something. Anyone know what’s up? Assistant: I actually use them to cut black tea. With acid reflux it helps take equalize the high caffeine and acidity of the tea while providing a tinge of mellower flavor. Add a cardamom pod or two, and a few cloves, and you have a very peasant chai.	0.80707
Human: What's the best non-technical advice for mid-career engineers? Hi, I am a mid-career engineer, facing work/people issues. What's the best non-technical advice did you receive in your career? Assistant: “There are engineers who solve the tasks they are responsible for. Then there are the engineers who solves whatever problem they encounter until the product actually works. The second category are the glue that holds the company together. You only need a few of them, but they are the most important.”. I decided then and there to become the second category and my skill set grew faster than ever.	Human: What's the best non-technical advice for mid-career engineers? Hi, I am a mid-career engineer, facing work/people issues. What's the best non-technical advice did you receive in your career? Assistant: Soft skills are the difference between being good and great. Practise them as much as technical ones.	0.306008
Human: Is it better to keep dry ingredients (like flour and sugar) in the bags they come in or another container? I don't have a huge kitchen, but I always have a few dry ingredients on hand--white flour, white sugar, brown sugar, powdered sugar, and cake flour. The white flour and white sugar are sold in paper bags; the others come in plastic bags (with the cake flour coming in a plastic bag in a box--like how cereal comes). I always keep the ingredients in the bags they come in, but stick them in canisters to keep things neat...However, a friend came over and saw my pantry and said I should be pouring the ingredients directly into the containers, discarding the bags. I currently use plastic containers, but he said I should switch out for glass if I could...Is this true? Is there an actual benefit to pouring the ingredients into the canister? Does it impact taste at all...I usually use these ingredients up within six months, but flour is usually half that. Does that make a difference? Thanks! Assistant: It's to lessen the likelihood of weevil maggots, which could be dependent on region, and also mites can get in flour and cause illness. Glass is preferable as it reduces microplastics and doesn't off-gas or contain endocrine disruptors, but if you only have plastic it's okay. edit: a single letter for spelling error	Human: Is it better to keep dry ingredients (like flour and sugar) in the bags they come in or another container? I don't have a huge kitchen, but I always have a few dry ingredients on hand--white flour, white sugar, brown sugar, powdered sugar, and cake flour. The white flour and white sugar are sold in paper bags; the others come in plastic bags (with the cake flour coming in a plastic bag in a box--like how cereal comes). I always keep the ingredients in the bags they come in, but stick them in canisters to keep things neat...However, a friend came over and saw my pantry and said I should be pouring the ingredients directly into the containers, discarding the bags. I currently use plastic containers, but he said I should switch out for glass if I could...Is this true? Is there an actual benefit to pouring the ingredients into the canister? Does it impact taste at all...I usually use these ingredients up within six months, but flour is usually half that. Does that make a difference? Thanks! Assistant: Fo some anecdotal evidence, I've always done this with my flour and sugar and have never experienced a problem. For me, it's much more convenient than putting everything in a container then to be scooped out again. Besides, pouring from the bags are easier.	0.8112
Human: Removing the inner stem from garlic - does it make a difference? I've heard yes and no from different people I consider very good and knowledgable chefs, but have never really noticed a big difference myself when roasting or sautéing. What do you guys think about the garlic stem? Assistant: Jacques Pepin and Julia Child can't be bothered to remove it and that's good enough for me.	Human: Removing the inner stem from garlic - does it make a difference? I've heard yes and no from different people I consider very good and knowledgable chefs, but have never really noticed a big difference myself when roasting or sautéing. What do you guys think about the garlic stem? Assistant: I've read that if it's sprouted green then it's bitter and should be removed. Well, if I had time to cut open my garlic and remove the green sprout I'd be overjoyed. 8-) I try not to let my garlic get too old so that it sprouts.	0.101535
Human: Explain like I'm five years old: Before you could look up addresses on the internet, how did people find smaller locations like houses and restaurants? I know atlases and roadmaps were a lot more common, but from my understanding those give more of a broader view of a large area like major roads and stuff. If you needed to find a small subdivision or small road, how would you do that before the internet? Assistant: Go on like you’re going to that church but instead of taking a right hang a left instead. On down that road you’re going to pass a bunch of cow fields. Keep on going. When you get to that video game store that used to be an old gas station take a right. Keep driving for a long ways until it gets weird. When you see the water tower you’re there. Our house is the one with purple flowers painted on the fence. Come on in!	Human: Explain like I'm five years old: Before you could look up addresses on the internet, how did people find smaller locations like houses and restaurants? I know atlases and roadmaps were a lot more common, but from my understanding those give more of a broader view of a large area like major roads and stuff. If you needed to find a small subdivision or small road, how would you do that before the internet? Assistant: Of course, there are also city maps which show every single street, often even with (some) house numbers. And with a list of all the streets in the city, alphabetically sorted, that told you which of the map's numbered squares to look for the street in.	0.403015
Human: Religious Studies undergrad-to-be with really niche interests, overwhelmed and in need for advice Disclaimer: a throwaway, as people I don't want to share this with know my main username. I'm totally lost right now. I'm 17, and for the past few years I've been really interested in pre-islamic Iran, and this somehow sounds like I'm in an AA meeting. I don't know why, there's just something inexplicably fascinating about it for me, particularly the religion-society and religion-politics interfaces. So naturally, I thought about becoming an academic and eventually specializing in something within those lines. Assuming my interests won't change, I'd want to get a Religious Studies/NELC PhD in the USA and try to become a professor. I have a few back-up career ideas in case it eventually doesn't work out, and I feel like I'd never regret doing the PhD no matter what, simply seeing as I've spent a bunch of years reading books/articles on the topics listed above in my free time, attempting to teach myself Middle Persian, et cetera, and I still want more, more and more. Maybe it's all extremely naive, but that's how I feel right now at the very least. The problem is fairly obvious: the grim career prospects. Say, this post (and many more about the very same thing, i.e. the horrible academic job market for humanities) makes me feel terribly uneasy about my future. On one hand, I feel I'm the kind of person who's ready to make serious sacrifices for the sake of absolute geographic mobility and better job prospects. On the other hand, I'm afraid it'll still be not good enough. I won't be good enough. I haven't even started college yet, but I can't help but feel extremely anxious about whether I'm heading in the right direction at all. I looked up a lot of programs' placement rates, and it seems like some Religious Studies ones that fit me are doing about fine-ish, but it doesn't help. So, in the end, I have two questions, and this is also a TL;DR version of the post: 1. If anyone working in Religious Studies/similar fields is reading this, how horrible the job market actually is? Not sure researching stuff online gave me any accurate idea. I'm set on doing this no matter what, but finding out how bad I'm going to suffer would be nice. As far as I know, specialization is a huge deal when it comes looking for jobs, and Islamic scholars have it a bit better, but I have zero idea about where my field of interest would put me. 2. What exactly can I do in the next 4 years (I'll be majoring in either NELC or Sociology) as an undergrad in love with their field to have a better shot at getting into good PhD programs? Any input would be appreciated, though, as I'm really overwhelmed right now. Thanks a lot. Assistant: I love the earnestness of your interest! It's wonderful! The only advice I'd give is don't pigeonhole yourself too early! When I was your age, I wanted to get my PhD in English and study British colonial literature. Now I'm a chemistry professor.	Human: Religious Studies undergrad-to-be with really niche interests, overwhelmed and in need for advice Disclaimer: a throwaway, as people I don't want to share this with know my main username. I'm totally lost right now. I'm 17, and for the past few years I've been really interested in pre-islamic Iran, and this somehow sounds like I'm in an AA meeting. I don't know why, there's just something inexplicably fascinating about it for me, particularly the religion-society and religion-politics interfaces. So naturally, I thought about becoming an academic and eventually specializing in something within those lines. Assuming my interests won't change, I'd want to get a Religious Studies/NELC PhD in the USA and try to become a professor. I have a few back-up career ideas in case it eventually doesn't work out, and I feel like I'd never regret doing the PhD no matter what, simply seeing as I've spent a bunch of years reading books/articles on the topics listed above in my free time, attempting to teach myself Middle Persian, et cetera, and I still want more, more and more. Maybe it's all extremely naive, but that's how I feel right now at the very least. The problem is fairly obvious: the grim career prospects. Say, this post (and many more about the very same thing, i.e. the horrible academic job market for humanities) makes me feel terribly uneasy about my future. On one hand, I feel I'm the kind of person who's ready to make serious sacrifices for the sake of absolute geographic mobility and better job prospects. On the other hand, I'm afraid it'll still be not good enough. I won't be good enough. I haven't even started college yet, but I can't help but feel extremely anxious about whether I'm heading in the right direction at all. I looked up a lot of programs' placement rates, and it seems like some Religious Studies ones that fit me are doing about fine-ish, but it doesn't help. So, in the end, I have two questions, and this is also a TL;DR version of the post: 1. If anyone working in Religious Studies/similar fields is reading this, how horrible the job market actually is? Not sure researching stuff online gave me any accurate idea. I'm set on doing this no matter what, but finding out how bad I'm going to suffer would be nice. As far as I know, specialization is a huge deal when it comes looking for jobs, and Islamic scholars have it a bit better, but I have zero idea about where my field of interest would put me. 2. What exactly can I do in the next 4 years (I'll be majoring in either NELC or Sociology) as an undergrad in love with their field to have a better shot at getting into good PhD programs? Any input would be appreciated, though, as I'm really overwhelmed right now. Thanks a lot. Assistant: PM me. There is a lot to respond to here!	0.811096
Human: ISO Article Critiquing American Math Education, Comparing it to Teaching Music Purely Through Writing Sheet-music About ten years ago, somewhere online I stumbled across a great article written by a mathematician or maybe a math teacher fiercely criticizing the state of primary- and secondary-school math education in the U.S. As part of the critique, he says that the way we currently teach math would be akin to training children rigorously from Kindergarten on how to properly write sheet music, and then, if they excel at this course of study well into college, they are finally allowed to begin playing a musical instrument. I've searched for it off and on in recent years and haven't been able to find it; I would really like to. Does anyone have any ideas where I might find this article? If you have also read it and can remember anything else about it, that could help my search, too. The document I read was a PDF, maybe about 10 - 20 pages long, and I don't recall what publication the article came from. I don't even know if it was a scholarly or mainstream publication. It's also possible it was an unpublished article, although that doesn't feel right to me. Assistant: I think you are thinking of a Mathematicians Lament by Paul Lockhart. He wrote a longer form version called Measurement which is great as well.	Human: ISO Article Critiquing American Math Education, Comparing it to Teaching Music Purely Through Writing Sheet-music About ten years ago, somewhere online I stumbled across a great article written by a mathematician or maybe a math teacher fiercely criticizing the state of primary- and secondary-school math education in the U.S. As part of the critique, he says that the way we currently teach math would be akin to training children rigorously from Kindergarten on how to properly write sheet music, and then, if they excel at this course of study well into college, they are finally allowed to begin playing a musical instrument. I've searched for it off and on in recent years and haven't been able to find it; I would really like to. Does anyone have any ideas where I might find this article? If you have also read it and can remember anything else about it, that could help my search, too. The document I read was a PDF, maybe about 10 - 20 pages long, and I don't recall what publication the article came from. I don't even know if it was a scholarly or mainstream publication. It's also possible it was an unpublished article, although that doesn't feel right to me. Assistant: Well, jokes on all of us, because they suck at teaching music too. Most music "lessons" are about sheet music reading. I think I realised why I never really got into math, and went into biology instead: I couldn't get a "feel" for maths and mathematic studies while I can do so for biology and biological experiments.	0.811079
Human: In CAD drawings, is it common practice to omit the "undercut" or dip that appears when looking at a side view of a shaft with a keyway in it? Backstory/details below. I am a young Mechanical Engineer at a PET film plant. Part of my job is doing drawings for parts on the machines and either sourcing them to local machine shops or having our in house machinist make it. Recently the machinist asked me about a drawing I did (Image below). In the image below I have circled the part that I mean about "undercut". She told me that it should be a straight solid line and that it would make a machinist think that they should make an additional cut on top of the keyway. I explained that Solidworks does then automatically because that is what it would look like from the side after cutting a keyway. So again, is it common practice to omit that dip in the shaft that is a result of the key way and replace with a straight solid line? https://imgur.com/1UWrBiQ Assistant: Technically you're correct. The drawing should reflect the accurate profile of the part. It will lead to some good discussion between you and the Machinist. I can definitely see their reasoning, and likely in the old days draftsmen would have omitted the detail from the side view because it's not helpful and takes extra time to draw accurately. Good luck.	Human: In CAD drawings, is it common practice to omit the "undercut" or dip that appears when looking at a side view of a shaft with a keyway in it? Backstory/details below. I am a young Mechanical Engineer at a PET film plant. Part of my job is doing drawings for parts on the machines and either sourcing them to local machine shops or having our in house machinist make it. Recently the machinist asked me about a drawing I did (Image below). In the image below I have circled the part that I mean about "undercut". She told me that it should be a straight solid line and that it would make a machinist think that they should make an additional cut on top of the keyway. I explained that Solidworks does then automatically because that is what it would look like from the side after cutting a keyway. So again, is it common practice to omit that dip in the shaft that is a result of the key way and replace with a straight solid line? https://imgur.com/1UWrBiQ Assistant: I personally would include the undercut. And if the machinist wants to make an extra cut, so be it. After all, he's going to find that after making the keyway he's removing exactly 0 material when he does that cut.	0.757643
Human: [Marvel] Why doesn't Spider-Man just record Kingpin confessing his crimes? Every time the Kingpin talks to Spider-Man, in an encounter or fight, they obviously end up talking about his crimes, why doesn't Spider-Man just record those conversations with a tape recorder or cell phone and turn it over to the police or the media so they can discover his fraudulent business? Assistant: “Your Honor, I will now produce in court an audio recording provided by a masked vigilante and former wrestler whose real identity is unknown in which it can be inferred that the defendant Mr Fisk is making some compromising admissions while being assaulted by the aforementioned vigilante.”	Human: [Marvel] Why doesn't Spider-Man just record Kingpin confessing his crimes? Every time the Kingpin talks to Spider-Man, in an encounter or fight, they obviously end up talking about his crimes, why doesn't Spider-Man just record those conversations with a tape recorder or cell phone and turn it over to the police or the media so they can discover his fraudulent business? Assistant: Daily Bugle exclusive! Notorious criminal Spider-Man creates deep fake recording to frame respectable businessman Wilson Fisk!	0.168874