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Grant Gerathy. <mask> explained in an interview during the band's US tour:
But a lot of these songs on this album I kind of magpied. Magpies are this bird in Australia that takes shiny things from anywhere and builds its nest, and so that's kind of what I do. I'll take a little of my own experience of having some heavy party time with certain friends, and then I'll hear some other stories about addicts or other intense relationships. I'll put them into the mixing pot and make up these characters to explore different possibilities and emotional landscapes. One of the songs on the album, "Wings Are Wide", was written as a dedication to his grandmother, who gave <mask> his grandfather's Dobro guitar that became the foundation for his songwriting.<mask> admitted that "I wasn't at all into roots music or playing the slide or anything when I got it, and it sat under my bed for a long, long time." Released in Australia on 8 February 2014, Flesh and Blood was produced by Jan Skubiszewski and features a vocal duet with Ainslie Wills. Solo
On 29 June 2007, <mask> gave a live solo performance at Twist and Shout Records in Denver, Colorado, which was released in January 2008 as an eight-track EP, One Small Step, with A$1 from each record sold being donated to Oxfam's "Close the Gap" campaign. One Small Step was <mask>'s first official solo release. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2007, <mask> performed "Funky Tonight" in a collaboration with fellow Australian musician Keith Urban. Radio station, Triple J's listeners voted Grand National their favourite album for 2007. "Ocean" garnered <mask> newfound success when recordings of live performances of the song
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went viral on the internet.<mask> made a cameo appearance in 2009 Australian film, In Her Skin, as a busker. The film's soundtrack featured three songs by the <mask> Trio, "Ocean", "Caroline" and "What You Want". In July 2009, <mask> undertook a solo overseas tour commencing in North America, where he played at the Montreal Jazz Festival, the Rothbury Music Festival in Michigan and The Mile High Music Festival in Denver. In North America he sold out headline shows in Toronto and Los Angeles. In Europe, <mask> played at the Folies Bergère in Paris and London's Union Chapel. He also performed at Cannes, Amsterdam and Antwerp. Upon his return in August, he took part in the Cannot Buy My Soul concert at the Queensland Music Festival.<mask> performed alongside other local musicians (including Paul Kelly, Missy Higgins, Troy Cassar-Daley, Clare Bowditch, Tex Perkins and Bernard Fanning) reinterpreting the catalogue of indigenous Australian musician Kev Carmody. <mask>'s interpretation of the song, "Thou Shalt Not Steal", was included on the compilation album, and later was featured on the iTunes Deluxe album of Grand National. <mask> participated at the Garma Festival of Traditional Cultures located in Northeast Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory. Jarrah
In July 2002, Jarrah Records was created by <mask>, members of fellow Western Australian act The Waifs and their common manager, Stevens. Being a partner in a record label allowed <mask> to maximise artistic control of his recordings. Equipment and technique
<mask> plays harmonica, didgeridoo, drums, lap-steel, banjo and amplified acoustic guitars and his custom-made, 11-string Maton guitar.
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<mask> prefers the Maton custom 11-string guitar and often uses a Seymour Duncan SA-6 Mag Mic pick-up with a Marshall Amplification JMP Super Lead Head and a Marshall 4×12 cabinet.He uses a variety of electronic effects including distortion, reverb / delay and wah-wah pedal to achieve his unique sound. <mask> uses long, pointed fiberglass fingernails for finger picking. Political activism
<mask> is an advocate of peace, environmental protection, and global harmony. He has supported The Wilderness Society and the Save Ningaloo Reef campaign. In 2005, <mask> and Caruana co-founded the JB Seed grant program – renamed as The Seed in 2010 – to support artistic expression and encourage the "social, cultural and artistic diversity in Australian society". The couple contributed $80,000 to establish the project. Other supporters include Paul Kelly, Correne Wilkie (Manager, The Cat Empire), Paul and Michelle Gilding (Ecoscorp), Maureen Ritchie, Missy Higgins, <mask> (Eleven Music), <mask> (JWM Productions), Sebastian Chase (MGM Distribution), Philip Stevens (Jarrah Records), The Waifs and Blue King Brown.<mask> is one of the largest supporters of the "Save The Kimberley" campaign in Australia and performed at the Save the Kimberley concert in Melbourne, Australia's Federation Square in October 2012. On 4 October 2012, <mask> was joined by 150 people during a protest outside the BHP Billiton headquarters in Melbourne; the protest was in response to the corporation's involvement with a proposed James Price Point gas industrial complex in Western Australia's Kimberley region. <mask> performed at another concert in support of the Kimberley cause on 24
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February 2013, with Missy Higgins also appearing again, with the event held at The Esplanade in Fremantle, Western Australia. Jarrah Records, the record label that <mask> co-founded with The Waifs and Phil Stevens, worked in partnership with The Wilderness Society to stage the free event that also featured the band Ball Park Music and Bob Brown, former leader of the Australian Greens. A march to protest the proposed gas refinery construction at James Price Point accompanied the free concert and campaign supporters were photographed with banners and placards. In response to the proposed dumping of around of dredged seabed onto the Great Barrier Reef, a legal fighting team was formed by World Wide Fund for Nature-Australia and the Australian Marine Conservation Society (AMCS) in late 2013/early 2014. The legal team received further support in April 2014, following the release of the "Sounds for the Reef" musical fundraising project.Produced by Straightup, the digital album features <mask>, in addition to artists such as The Herd, Sietta, Missy Higgins, The Cat Empire, Fat Freddys Drop, The Bamboos (featuring Kylie Auldist) and Resin Dogs. Released on 7 April, the album's 21 songs were sold on the Bandcamp website. <mask> is against Coal Seam Gas (CSG) and gave a free supporting concert at the Bentley protesting the Northern Rivers of New South Wales, Australia, on 20 April 2014. <mask> supports freedom of West Papua on Republic of Indonesia. Personal life
<mask> is married to Danielle Caruana, an Australian musician and vocalist who performs under the name of Mama Kin. They have two children, a daughter and a son. After wearing dreadlocks for 13
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years, <mask> cut them off in early 2008.In an interview with the Herald Sun newspaper in 2008, <mask> acknowledged that he had been referred to as the "million dollar hippie" in various articles and around his hometown in Australia. The nickname refers to his inclusion on the Business Review Weekly list of the 50 richest entertainers in 2004, with reported earnings of A$2.4 million. Prior to the release of the <mask> Trio's sixth album, Flesh and Blood, <mask> explained:
I still care about everything I care about. But I don't know how to write another song about a greedy arsehole ruining the planet. I have done it. I started writing about the damage of war and the environment, but as you drill down deeper, move closer to the core of the heart, there are so many great stories to be had which aren't literally talking about a problem. <mask> also admitted to substance use: "I've never had any big addictions.I feel like I might smoke pot a bit too much, and I've done cigarettes." He affirmed to his audience that he is "normal" and is "going through all the same things" they are, and he asked that he not be placed on a "pedestal". Awards and nominations
AIR Awards
The Australian Independent Record Awards (commonly known informally as AIR Awards) is an annual awards night to recognise, promote and celebrate the success of Australia's Independent Music sector. |-
| AIR Awards of 2012
|Tin Shed Tales
| Best Independent Blues and Roots Album
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APRA Awards
The APRA Awards are presented annually from 1982 by the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA). The <mask> Trio have won five awards from 21 nominations (see <mask> Trio awards).
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<mask> has won a further ARIA award for 'Best Male Artist' in 2004 from six nominations in that category.
! Lost to
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|| 2001 || Three || Best Male Artist || || Nick Cave - No More Shall We Part
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| |2003 || Living 2001-2002 || Best Male Artist || || Alex Lloyd - "Coming Home"
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|| 2004 || Sunrise Over Sea || Best Male Artist || ||
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|| 2005 || "Somethings Gotta Give" || Best Male Artist || || Ben Lee - Awake Is The New Sleep
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|| 2007 || Grand National || Best Male Artist|| || Gotye - Mixed Blood
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|| 2010 || April Uprising || Best Male Artist || || Dan Sultan - Get Out While You Can
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Discography
With <mask> Trio
Studio albums
<mask> (1998)
Three (2001)
Sunrise Over Sea (2004)
Grand National (2007)
April Uprising (2010)
Flesh & Blood (2014)
Home (2018)
Solo
Searching for Heritage (1996)
Live At Twist & Shout (2007)
One Small Step (2007) Australian release of Live at Twist & Shout
Tin Shed Tales (2012)
See also
Danielle Caruana
Notes
<li id="noteFoot01a"
>^ For full name as <mask> Charles Wiltshire-Butler see Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA) search result for songwriter and performer of "Something's Gotta Give".For full name as <mask> <mask> see APRA search result for songwriter and performer of "All My Honey". For date and place of birth see Matera. References
General
Specific
External links
Official website
JB Seed grants project
1975 births
Living people
American rock guitarists
American male guitarists
APRA Award winners
ARIA Award winners
Australian buskers
Australian indie pop musicians
Australian indie rock musicians
Australian multi-instrumentalists
Australian rock
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<mask> (born 9 March 1927) is an Australian artist from Sydney who is best known for his Lover, Dreamers and Isolates paintings. Early years
<mask> was raised in an artistic environment, his parents, Norman and <mask>, were practicing artists who met at Brisbane Technical College in the 1920s. His father ran a successful illustration and printing business and from early age <mask> would undertake commercial artistic assignments for the family business. He had a stable early family life with his parents and older brother Norman, living first in Dee Why and then moving to Seaforth during the depression years. His local primary school in Seaforth brought him into contact with a young Charles Blackman, with whom he was to form a close friendship many years later. <mask> later attended East Sydney Technical College and quickly developed a mature style from an early age leading to success in a number of art awards, most notably the national Sun Youth Art Prize in 1940 for the painting Sydney Orchestra. Australian years
In 1944 at the age of 17 <mask> left home and travelled to Brisbane.Penniless, he spent a number of nights sleeping rough before meeting the poet Barrett Reid who took him to stay at his parents, this was the start of a lifelong friendship. A string of temporary jobs followed to help facilitate his art which remained largely concerned with depicting the dispossessed and vulnerable in society. Intellectually <mask> aligned himself with the Barjai Group, a collection of writers and poets led by Barrett Reid, and with members including Barbara Patterson and Charles Osborne. Later, in 1945 along with Pamela Seeman and <mask>, he formed the Miya Studios with the aim of providing exhibition space for young artists with common goals. <mask> exhibited at their annual exhibition during the life of the Studios from 1945-49. During this time he became re-acquainted with Charles Blackman, the two travelled, painted and lived together over a number of years. Blackman
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credited <mask> with helping him adjust to life as an artist during this time.On a hitchhiking trip with Barrett Reid in 1947 he was introduced to John and Sunday Reed who were to become lifelong supporters of his art. Though them <mask> became acquainted with many of the influential avant-garde in the Melbourne art scene such as Joy Hester, Sidney Nolan, Arthur Boyd and John Perceval. In the late 40s and early 50s <mask> travelled widely around Queensland working in a range of odd jobs and painting vivid jungle, urban and figurative images. During this time he had a number of successful solo exhibitions in Brisbane at the Moreton Gallery and Johnstone Gallery. In 1953, he moved to Melbourne where he met Georges Mora and Mirka Mora and was adopted into their family eventually becoming godfather to their second son William Mora. He appeared in a number of exhibitions at Mirka's studio, including a solo show in 1954. He also helped re-establish the Contemporary Arts Society.During his time in Melbourne he met with a significant network of artists who matched his own ideas of true originality born of imagination, including Danila Vassilieff, John Percival, Arthur Boyd, Jean Langley and Robert Dickerson. In 1962 <mask> collaborated with Perceval and Mirka Mora on murals Aspendale Fricassee and Balzac Fricassee by Ross Crothall and Mike Brown of the Annandale Imitation Realists'. By this time he had moved to painting mainly with oil on board, rather than his earlier work which tended to be watercolour and gouache on paper. This coincided with him increasingly focusing his energies on exploring the isolation and loneliness of the human condition, a subject he had explored since his teenage years and has continued to return to throughout his life. His ‘collective paintings of Lovers, Dreamers and Isolates depict the mood and temperament of individuals concealing more significant emotions’. Later years
<mask> moved to England in 1963, after travelling widely across Europe.
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There he met up with expatriate friends – Charles Blackman, Barbara Blackman, John Perceval, Arthur Boyd and Barry Humphries and exhibited at Clytie Jessop's Kings Road Gallery.During that time he even turned to acting, appearing in the Philippe Mora film Trouble in Melopolis alongside Germaine Greer. For the next five years <mask> continued to travel widely across Europe, Asia and the Americas. These trips influenced his painting which became more ‘dramatic, vivid and colourful’, he began to paint on a larger scale ‘incorporating monuments, temples and even mythological creatures’ from Cambodia and Mayan civilisations. During this time he continued to have a number of major exhibitions including a retrospective at the Holdsworth Galleries in Sydney and the Commonwealth Art Gallery in London. In 1977 his exhibition Opal the Rainbow Gem at the ICA in London featured Cibachrome prints, and acrylic paintings made from them, of the gemstone taken at magnifications of up to x5400 through a microscope. In 1972 he had a son, Danton, by his partner Marna Shapiro. This led to him painting an extensive collection of baby fantasy paintings reflecting this new period in his life.In 1989 he married Wendy Shaw and his painting became more personalised and intimate. In 2002 <mask> had a major retrospective exhibition at the Heide Museum of Modern Art in Melbourne touring to the Sir Hermann Black Gallery at the University of Sydney and the Customs House Gallery, University of Queensland. <mask> is represented in a large number of public and private collections, including the National Gallery of Australia, National Gallery of Victoria, Art Gallery of South Australia, Queensland Art Gallery, Heide Museum of Modern Art and University Art Museum - University of Queensland. References
External links
Self-portrait with mumps
Lovers in bed
Night Club - 14/03/2002: <mask>
Place of birth missing (living people)
Australian painters
Living people
1927 births
People from Sydney
Modern
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<mask> (August 27, 1933 – November 5, 2017) was an American author who wrote on the topics of female sexuality and liberation. Her writings argue that women have often been reared under an ideal of womanhood, which was outdated and restrictive, and largely unrepresentative of many women's true inner lives, and that openness about women's hidden lives could help free women to truly feel able to enjoy being themselves. She asserts that this is not due to deliberate malice, but due to social expectation, and that for women's and men's benefit alike it is healthier that both be able to be equally open, participatory and free to be accepted for who and what they are. Biography
<mask> was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the daughter of Walter F. <mask> and <mask> (later Scott). She grew up in Charleston, South Carolina, and attended the only local girls' college-preparatory school, Ashley Hall, where she graduated in 1951. She then attended Wellesley College in Massachusetts, where she graduated in 1955. She worked briefly as a reporter for the San Juan Island Times and subsequently established herself as a magazine journalist in New York, England, and France before turning to writing full-time.Her first book, published in 1973, was My Secret Garden, a compilation of her interviews with women discussing their sexuality and fantasies, which became a bestseller. Friday regularly returned to the interview format in her subsequent books on themes ranging from mothers and daughters to sexual fantasies, relationships, jealousy, envy, feminism, BDSM, and beauty. After the publication of The Power of Beauty (released in 1996, and then renamed and re-released in paperback form in 1999), she wrote little, contributing an interview of porn star Nina Hartley to XXX: 30 Porn Star
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. . . the demise of healthy sexual curiosity."Friday, like other feminists, was especially concerned with the controlling role of the images of "Nice Woman . . . Nice Girl"—of being "bombarded from birth with messages about what a 'good woman' is . . . focused so hard and so long on never giving in to 'selfishness.'" However, as feminism itself developed "a stunning array of customs, opinions, moral values, and beliefs about how the world of women . . . should conduct itself," so too it ran into the difficulty of moralism versus human nature—the fact that "feminism—any political philosophy—does not adequately address sexual psychology" eventually sparking the 'feminist "sex wars" . . . from the early 1980s" onwards. Against that backdrop, Friday's evidential and empirical concerns continue to address the "open question of how many of their sexual freedoms the young women .. . will retain, how deeply they have incorporated them." Criticism
"Critics have labeled Friday's books unscientific, because the author solicited responses," thus potentially biasing the contributor pool. My Secret Garden was greeted by a "salvo from the media accusing me of inventing the whole book, having made up all the fantasies"; My Mother/My Self was "initially . . . violently rejected by both publishers and readers"; while Women on Top "was heavily criticized for its graphic and sensational content." Friday was also criticized for her reaction to the Bill Clinton/Monica Lewinsky affair, which critics interpreted as sexist. The journalist Jon Ronson wrote "In February 1998, the feminist writer <mask> was asked by the New York Observer to speculate on Lewinsky's future. 'I want to rent out my mouth for two bits an hour wink wink,' she replied."Personal life
<mask> married novelist Bill Manville
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in 1967, separated from him in 1980, and divorced him in 1986. Her second husband was Norman Pearlstine, formerly the editor in chief of Time Inc. They were married at the Rainbow Room in New York City on July 11, 1988, and divorced in 2005. In 2011, <mask> sold her home in Key West and moved to New York City. <mask> died at her home in Manhattan on November 5, 2017 from complications of Alzheimer's disease. She was 84. Bibliography
My Secret Garden: Women's Sexual Fantasies, Simon & Schuster, 1973
Forbidden Flowers: More Women's Sexual Fantasies, Simon & Schuster, 1975
My Mother, My Self: The Daughter's Search for Identity, Delacorte Press, 1977
Men in Love, Men's Sexual Fantasies: The Triumph of Love Over Rage, Dell Publishing, 1980
Jealousy, M. Evans & Co., 1985
Women on Top: How Real Life Has Changed Women's Sexual Fantasies, Simon & Schuster, 1991
The Power of Beauty, HarperCollins Publishers, 1996.Republished as Our Looks, Our Lives: Sex, Beauty, Power and the Need to be Seen, HarperCollins Publishers, 1999
Beyond My Control: Forbidden Fantasies in an Uncensored Age, Sourcebooks, Inc., 2009
See also
References
Keith, June (November 7, 2017). "<mask> Friday's Saturday Sale (blog)". juneinparadise.blogspot.com. June Keith via Blogspot. [self-published source]
External links
Official site
A series of chats with <mask> Friday
1933 births
2017 deaths
American feminist writers
American relationships and sexuality writers
American sex educators
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Feminism and history
Wellesley College alumni
Writers from Charleston, South Carolina
Writers from Pittsburgh
Neurological disease deaths in New York (state)
Sex-positive feminists
American women non-fiction writers
Educators from Pennsylvania
American women educators
21st-century
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<mask> (born 13 March 1991) is an Australian rugby league forward who plays for the St George Illawarra Dragons in the NRL. He previously captained Wests Tigers and played for the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs and Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks in the National Rugby League. He has played at representative level for the Prime Minister's XIII, NSW City Origin and New South Wales in the State of Origin series. Early life
<mask> was born in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia and was raised by his mother in an apartment above a newsagent on Norton Street, Leichhardt. He has spoken of the influence of the women in his life. He said, "My dog is female, I was a mummy's boy and a nanna's boy, my aunties would bash me and pick on me like a young brother, my missus is strong and stable, my youngest sister is my biggest fan. They’ve all been great for me."<mask> played junior rugby league with Leichhardt Juniors and participated in the Balmain Tigers Development Program. He based his game on players Jason Ryles and Ben Kennedy. He attended Holy Cross College, Ryde, and represented NSW Catholic Colleges when he was 17. In 2008, he played for the Australian schoolboys team. In 2009, <mask> played for Wests Tigers' Toyota Cup (Under-20s) team in their run to the Grand Final, but 2010 was mired by injury, with his hamstring coming close to being torn completely off the bone. However, before the start of the 2011 season, Ricky Stuart named him in a "Blues in Waiting" squad, for potential future NSW State of Origin players. He was described as one of, "the State's best crop of young talent."Playing career
2011-12
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made his NRL debut for the Wests Tigers at the start of the 2011 season, the day after his 20th birthday. He came off the bench with 20 minutes remaining in the game against Canterbury. <mask> later said, "It was a Monday night against a pretty handy side. It was unreal. I’ll never forget running at Andrew Ryan and Corey Payne, thinking gee this is the NRL. I got up thinking far out, that was a good hit. But after that the nerves were gone."<mask> scored a try in his 4th appearance. He was a regular in the first-grade team throughout the year, mostly starting from the bench. His first season form was described as, "impressive," and, "one of the few constants in an erratic Wests Tigers' NRL season." He was named the club's rookie of the year. With the departure of Bryce Gibbs and Todd Payten, <mask> became a starting prop at the start of 2012 season. After seven weeks, <mask> made his senior representative debut with City Origin. Coach Brad Fittler said of his performance, "I thought he was the best prop on the field.I'm sure he'll build from this, and whether it's this year or next year, he looks like someone who can make the step up." <mask> was named as a standby player for NSW in the first two State of Origin matches of 2012, to cover for any late injuries. It was commented in the press that he had, "arguably been the form front-rower of the competition so far." Over the season he made 377 runs for 3455 metres and made 808 tackles, placing him near the best in the NRL in yardage, and in the top twenty in tackles made. He was one only 3 Wests Tigers players to appear in every game throughout the
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season, and was named the club's Player of the Year. At the end of the year he was nominated for Prop of the Year at the Dally M awards. Steve Roach later said, "He virtually carried them [the Tigers] last year, when Galloway was injured.I reckon, along with James Tamou, he's the best ball-running front-rower in the comp." 2013-14
In 2013, <mask> made his State of Origin debut in game two after James Tamou was suspended for a drink-driving offence. He also played in the third game of the series, but saw limited time on the field in both matches. Playing for the Wests Tigers, <mask> was averaging a high 60 minutes per game in an inexperienced front row, before succumbing to injury late in the season. <mask> later signed a contract to remain with the Wests Tigers for a further three seasons. Despite a lucrative offer from the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles, <mask> say he was unable to leave Wests Tigers. "It was a mental thing.I love to be in the comfort zone, so I stayed here. Also, the Wests Tigers looked after me. I had a few injuries and they stuck by me; guess I was ready to give back what they gave to me." Thought by some to be the form prop during the early NRL rounds, he was considered unlucky not to be selected in the 2014 ANZAC Test. <mask> went on to be named as a starting prop for New South Wales in the 2014 State of Origin series. He was one of three NSW players to carry the ball 100 metres in game one, and then contributed to the team winning its first series in nine years. <mask> finished 2014 as the Tigers' leader in offloads and hitups, scoring a personal best 4 tries.In round 9, he
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co-captained the team for the first time with Chris Lawrence. At the end of the season, <mask> was again chosen to play for Prime Minister's XIII, scoring two tries, and was described as "the dominant player up the middle." 2015
In May, <mask> was chosen as one of Australia's starting props in the Anzac Test. Despite <mask> making, "plenty of metres" and having, "a strong work rate", the team suffered a comprehensive defeat. A third of the way through the season, <mask> was averaging 215 metres a game, 50 more than the next best prop in the competition. <mask> was again chosen as a starting prop for NSW in the 2015 State of Origin series. Playing in a losing team in game one, he ran for 141 metres with the ball and made 41 tackles without a miss, with the Herald Sun asking, "Is there any doubting now he's the game's new top prop?"In the second game, he ran for a game-high 150 metres and brushed past opponent Matt Scott to score a try in the second half that saw NSW take a match-winning lead. Although not awarded the Man of the Match, he was given 3 Dally M points for being rated the best player on the field, momentarily placing him first on the Dally M leader-board. However, in the third match, <mask> was criticised for conceding too many penalties in the Blues series-deciding loss. Despite missing games due to State of Origin and injury, <mask> was in the competition's top 20 players for hit-ups and yardage and was named at prop in the NRL website's team of the year. In the absence of Robbie Farah, <mask> captained Wests Tigers in 4 matches, all of which were losses. <mask> capped off the season
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with the Dally M Prop of the Year award and finished runner up in the Dally M Player of the Year to Johnathan Thurston. 2016
<mask> succeeded Farah as Wests Tigers captain from 2016.He claimed his leadership technique was to, "just remain calm. People ask how the captaincy has changed things for me but I'll never change my role in the side no matter what I have next to my name. We're all equal... I just do a little bit more talking at press conferences, man." A "near certain" selection for the Anzac Test, <mask> was unable to play after suffering ligament damage and bone bruising in his ankle in round 6. At the time, he was the competition's leader for metres gained with the ball. He returned in round 10 and was chosen for New South Wales.The Blues lost the first 2 games with <mask> being very blunt when asked by Channel 9 commentators how he felt seeing Queensland win another series <mask> said "It's shithouse," <mask> told Channel Nine. "It's probably the best way to put it. We just let them off the hook again tonight like game one". <mask> was described as, "The best prop on the ground in the first half with several strong carries. The only NSW forward to run 100 metres," in game 2. He had the most metres for any forward on the ground when NSW won the third game of the series. Making 19 appearances for Wests Tigers, he was the club's leader in hit ups, and had a club-high average of 160 metres per game in attack.At year's end, he was chosen in the Australian squad for the Four Nations, but was absent from the test against New Zealand due to his wedding. Coach Mal Meninga said, "The timing is not
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perfect but family comes first and you’ve got to keep the wives happy don’t you?" He was the starting prop in all four Four Nations matches, which were all victories. 2017
With <mask> linked to the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs, the Wests Tigers imposed a deadline for <mask> to re-sign by 21 April. When <mask>' manager did not respond by the cut-off, the Wests Tigers contract offer was withdrawn. Wests Tigers CEO Justin Pascoe said, "We're really comfortable with the fact that we afforded the players every opportunity that we could to stay at the club." Before the Wests Tigers' next match, which was against the Canterbury-Bankstown, <mask> was booed by sections of the crowd before the game, but was awarded the man of the match for his performance.Soon after he signed a four-year deal with the Canterbury-Bankstown club. <mask> later said, "I’m not proud of how things went down. At the time I thought what I was doing was right, but looking back I should’ve handled things differently. I was the captain of the Wests Tigers. I grew up around the corner from Leichhardt Oval. I lost sight of what that meant and the responsibility I had continuing the legacy of the guys that came before me." On 30 July, <mask> scored his first try of the year as Wests defeated Gold Coast 26–4.2018
<mask> made his debut for Canterbury in their round 1 loss against Melbourne. Following the game, <mask> was mocked on social media and by current players for his new haircut. His trademark flowing locks were replaced by a bob hairstyle which prompted some cutting remarks. <mask> was initially surprised by all the attention and
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told the media "I copped a bit of flack during the week, There was Dora The Explorer, that Lord Farquaad bloke (from Shrek). It was a haircut gone wrong ... but I have to move on; the best way was to shave it off. Everyone is worrying about the hair. I am worrying about playing good footy for the Bulldogs".<mask> was not selected by NSW coach Brad Fittler for the 2018 State of Origin series, ending a run of 14 straight games. <mask> learned of his non-selection while sitting next to teammate David Klemmer who had received a phone call from Fittler telling him he was in the team but <mask> received none. On 26 June, <mask> left the Canterbury-Bankstown club, through a mid year switch, to join the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks. Later that day, his name was listed to face the New Zealand Warriors on his Cronulla debut. He had played 14 games for Canterbury-Bankstown for just 3 wins, with no points scored. <mask> would go on to make a total of 12 appearances for Cronulla in 2018 as the club reached the preliminary final but fell short of a grand final appearance losing to Melbourne. 2019
On 8 April, <mask> was ruled out for three months after suffering a fractured foot in Cronulla's round 4 loss against the Parramatta Eels.He made his return in round 15 against his former club Canterbury-Bankstown, playing from the bench as Cronulla lost the match 14–12. At the end of the season, Cronulla finished in 7th spot and qualified for the finals. <mask> played in the club's elimination final defeat against Manly. 2020
<mask> played 21 games for Cronulla-Sutherland in the 2020 NRL season as the club finished 8th and
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qualified for the finals. He played in Cronulla's elimination final loss against Canberra. 2021
On 3 June, <mask> was informed by Cronulla-Sutherland that his services would not be required beyond the 2021 NRL season. In October, he joined Cronulla's arch-rivals St. George Illawarra for the 2022 NRL season.References
External links
Cronulla Sharks profile
Canterbury Bulldogs profile
Wests Tigers profile
NRL profile
2017 RLWC profile
1991 births
Australian rugby league players
Wests Tigers players
Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs players
Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks players
New South Wales City Origin rugby league team players
New South Wales Rugby League State of Origin players
Prime Minister's XIII captains
Prime Minister's XIII players
Rugby league props
Living people
Australia national rugby league team
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<mask> (; ) (8 March 1888 – 19 November 1957), was a politician and a member of <mask> family hailing from Larkana in Sindh province of British India, which is now part of Pakistan. Early life and education
<mask>, the son of <mask>, was born in a Sindhi family of Bhutto of Sindh as the youngest brother of Nawab <mask>. The <mask> family owned 250,000 acres of land spread over Larkana, Sukkur and Jacobabad. <mask> got his early education at Sindh Madressa in Karachi and later at St. Patrick's High School in Karachi. Career and dewan of Junagadh
<mask> entered the Legislative Council of the Bombay Province, of which Sindh was a part, in 1921 at the age of 33. He continued till 1936. During this time, he received the honours of CIE followed by knighthood.In 1934, he became a minister in the Bombay government. <mask> attended the Round Table Conference in 1931 as a leader of Sindhi Muslims demanding separation of Sind from the Bombay province. This was eventually granted in the Government of India Act 1935, with Sind becoming a separate province on 1 April 1936. <mask> was appointed as a chief advisor to the Governor of Sind. In preparation for the provincial elections in 1937, the Sind United Party was formed by Haji Abdullah Haroon and <mask> joined it as the vice-chairman of the party. It was modeled after the Punjab Unionist Party and claimed to represent all Sindhis irrespective of religion. Nevertheless, Bhutto brought leading pirs (Sufi saints) to influence the voters 'religiously' to cast their votes in his favour.The Sind United Party emerged as the largest party in the elections, winning 21 out of 60 seats. However, both Harron and <mask> failed to get elected. The Larkana seat, which <mask> had contested, was won by Sheikh Abdul Majid Sindhi. The Governor invited Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah, the leader of the Sind Muslim Party and a political rival of <mask> in Sind, to form a government. Large scale defections took place in the Assembly, <mask> resigned from the party and Haroon eventually merged
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his party into the All-India Muslim League. <mask> returned to Bombay to become the Chairman of the Bombay-Sind Public Service Commission. Early in 1947, <mask> joined the council of ministers of Muhammad Mahabat Khan III the Nawab of Junagadh in the modern-day province of Gujarat, becoming its Dewan, or prime minister in May.At the time of the independence of India in 1947, the princely states were asked by the British to decide whether to join the newly independent states of India or Pakistan or to remain autonomous and outside them. The Constitutional Advisor to the Nawab, Nabi Baksh, indicated to Lord Mountbatten that he was recommending that the State should join India. However, the Nawab did not make a decision. Early in 1947, <mask> was invited to join the Council of Ministers of the Nawab. In May, when the Dewan Abdul Khadir Muhammad Hussain went abroad for medical treatment, <mask> was appointed as the Dewan. On 15 August 1947, the State announced that it had acceded to Pakistan. On 13 September 1947, the Government of Pakistan accepted the accession.However, the Hindu citizens of the State revolted, leading to several events and also a plebiscite, resulting in the integration of Junagadh into India. Nawab Muhammad Mahabat Khan III of Junagadh (erstwhile Babi Nawab dynasty of Junagadh) fled to Sindh, Pakistan. As Dewan of Junagarh; it was <mask> <mask> who wrote and signed the letter addressed to Indian Government to come and take over the administration of the Junagadh state. <mask> <mask> moved to Larkana District, where his land-ownership made him among the wealthiest and most influential people in Sindh. <mask> was a good friend of Governor General (later President) Iskander Mirza, who was a regular guest for the annual hunt in Larkana, staying at the Bhutto family home called Al-Murtaza. In the winter of 1955-1956, Mirza brought General Ayub Khan with him to Larkana for the hunt. Personal life
<mask> was a first cousin once removed of Wahid Baksh <mask>, who in 1924 was made a sardar and in
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1926 was elected to the Imperial Legislative Assembly from Sindh, a constituency of the Bombay Presidency, becoming the first member of the <mask> family to be elected to public office.<mask> <mask> was married to Khursheed Begum (born as Lakhi Bai), who was of a modest Hindu family. She converted from Hinduism to Islam before her marriage. Her brothers remained Hindu and eventually migrated to India. Their children included their first son, Sikandar, who died from pneumonia at the age of seven in 1914, their second child, Imdad Ali, died of cirrhosis at the age of thirty-nine in 1953. Their third son, Zulfikar <mask>, was born in his parents residence near Larkana, and later became the Prime Minister of Pakistan. Their fourth child, a daughter, Mumtaz Sahiba <mask>, was married to Brigadier Muhammad Mustafa Khan Bahadur of the Sidi clan. Honours and legacy
The British imperial government awarded <mask> the title of Khan Sahib, subsequently raising it to Khan Bahadur.<mask> was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire, Civil Division (OBE) in the 1920 New Year Honours list, with a further appointment as a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) in the 1925 New Year Honours list. In the 1930 New Year Honours, <mask> was knighted, and was invested with his knighthood on 27 February 1930 at Viceroy's House in New Delhi by the Viceroy of India, the Lord Irwin. He was a Delegate to the Round Table Conference in London in 1930-31 as a leader of Sindhi Muslims demanding separation of Sindh from the Bombay Province
Pakistan Postal Services issued a commemorative postage stamp in his honor in its 'Pioneers of Freedom' series. See also
<mask> family
<mask>waz Bhutto
References
Sources
1888 births
1957 deaths
Pakistani politicians
Sindhi people
Shah Nawaz
Knights Bachelor
Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Members of Central Legislative Assembly of India
Indian knights
Lawyers awarded knighthoods
Prime Ministers of Junagadh
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<mask> (born February 27, 1992) is an American football inside linebacker who is currently a free agent. He played college football at Michigan. He was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the fourth round of the 2015 NFL Draft. High school career
In high school, <mask> was rated as the 30th best high school football inside linebacker in the country by Rivals.com. He was rated as the 60th and 81st best outside linebacker in the national class of 2010 by ESPN.com and Scout.com, respectively. He was regarded as the 34th best player in the state of Ohio by Rivals. <mask> was a participant in the Ohio North–South All-Star game.He recovered the onside kick to secure the Ohio High School Athletic Association (OHSAA) championship as a junior. <mask> had offers from Ball State, Toledo and a number of other Mid-American Conference, but he grew and prior to his senior year. Since Saint Ignatius High School has many Michigan Wolverine alumni, <mask> suspects that sudden late interest from Michigan was prompted by one of them. College career
<mask> redshirted his freshman year for the 2010 Michigan Wolverines football team. As a redshirt freshman, he started in the September 3 opener for the 2011 team against Western Michigan as a result of a back injury to Cam Gordon. In the game, <mask> deflected a pass that was intercepted and returned for a touchdown. He went on to start 11 games and play in all 13.On September 24, 2011 against new head coach Brady Hoke's former team, San Diego State, <mask> had two fumble recoveries. His first career quarterback sack came on October 1 in the Little Brown Jug rivalry game against Minnesota. It was his only sack that year until the final game of the season. In the January 3, 2012 Sugar Bowl 23–20 overtime victory against Virginia Tech, <mask> had 4 tackles for a loss, including one sack and one 22-yard loss by David Wilson. During the game, he had his season-high 7 tackles (6 solo). For the season, he earned 2011 Big Ten All-Freshman team recognition from both ESPN.com and BTN.com as well as 2011 Rivals.com 2nd team
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All-Freshman and College Football News All-Freshman honorable mention honors. <mask> finished among the conference leaders in tackles for a loss/game (.85, t-15th).Prior to the second game of the 2012 season against Air Force, <mask>'s number was changed from 90 to 47 following a ceremony for Bennie Oosterbaan in which his retired number was placed back into circulation as a Michigan Football Legend jersey. On October 13, <mask> was selected as Big Ten Defensive player of the week when he posted a career-high 11 tackles (3.5 for a loss and 1.5 sacks). <mask> was named an All-Big Ten second team selection by the media and an honorable mention selection by the coaches. During Spring practice in 2013, <mask> tore his anterior cruciate ligament. When <mask> was initially injured in the spring, there was no official diagnosis of his expected return to football, but ACL injuries typically require a year to fully heal. By August <mask> was expected to return to the field in mid October. On August 25, 2013, he was named one of four team co-captains along with Taylor Lewan, Courtney Avery, and Cam Gordon.<mask> was cleared to play by doctors on October 7, ahead of the October 12 contest against Penn State. <mask> entered the 2014 season on the preseason watchlists for the Bronko Nagurski Trophy, Butkus Award, Lombardi Award, and Bednarik Award. <mask> was a late addition to the Lott IMPACT Trophy watch list. In the offseason, Michigan announced that <mask> would be moving to middle linebacker. In the September 6 Michigan–Notre Dame football rivalry game, <mask> tied his career high with 11 tackles against Notre Dame. On October 13, <mask> was recognized as Big Ten co-Defensive Player of the Week (along with Damien Wilson) after recording 10 tackles (3 for a loss) against Penn State on October 11. On October 27, <mask> became one of 15 semifinalists for the Butkus Award.On November 3, <mask> was again recognized as Big Ten co-Defensive Player of the Week (along with Louis Trinca-Pasat) after recording 11 tackles (2.5 for a loss and 2 forced fumbles)
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against Indiana on November 1. On November 24, <mask> was named one of five finalist for the Butkus Award. Following the regular season, he was named first team All-Big Ten by both the coaches and the media. He was an honorable mention selection to the 2014 College Football All-America Team by Sports Illustrated. He won The Roger Zatkoff Award as the team's top linebacker in 2012, 2013, and 2014. College statistics
Professional career
On December 13, 2014, it was announced that <mask> had accepted his invitation to play in the 2015 East–West Shrine Game. On January 17, 2015, <mask> attended the East–West Shrine Game and recorded five combined tackles, a tackle for a loss, and one sack as part of Mike Singletary's East team that defeated the North 19–3.He was one of 34 collegiate linebackers to attend the 2015 NFL Scouting Combine in Indianapolis, Indiana. <mask> completed all of the combine drills and finished fifth among all participating linebackers in the three-cone drill, tied for sixth in the short shuttle, and finished eighth in the 40-yard dash. On March 12, 2015, <mask> attended Michigan's pro day, but opted to stand on his combine numbers and only perform positional drills for scouts and team representatives from 18 NFL teams. During the pre-draft process, <mask> attended a private visit with the Miami Dolphins. At the conclusion of the pre-draft process, <mask> was projected to be a fourth or fifth round pick by NFL draft experts and scouts. He was ranked the 12th best outside linebacker prospect in the draft by NFLDraftScout.com and was ranked the 15th best outside linebacker by ESPN. Green Bay Packers
2015
The Green Bay Packers selected <mask> in the fourth round (129th overall) of the 2015 NFL Draft.He was the 15th linebacker drafted in 2015. On May 7, 2015, the Green Bay Packers signed <mask> to a four-year, $2.73 million contract that includes a signing bonus of $456,678. Throughout training camp, <mask> competed for a job as a starting inside linebacker after they were left vacant after the release of A. J. Hawk and Brad
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Jones. He competed against Clay Matthews III, Sam Barrington, Nate Palmer, Joe Thomas, and Carl Bradford. Head coach Mike McCarthy named <mask> the fourth inside linebacker on the depth chart behind Clay Matthews, Sam Barrington, and Nate Palmer to begin the regular season. He made his professional regular season debut in the Green Bay Packers' season-opener at the Chicago Bears and recorded one solo tackle during their 31–23 victory. <mask> was promoted to the third inside linebacker after Sam Barrington suffered a season-ending foot injury during the game.In Week 3, <mask> recorded a solo tackle on special teams as the Packers defeated the Kansas City Chiefs 38–28. He left the game in the third quarter after sustaining a hamstring injury and was sidelined for the next two games (Weeks 4–5). On November 8, 2015, <mask> recorded a season-high ten combined tackles during a 37–29 loss at the Carolina Panthers. In Week 10, <mask> made his first career start after defensive coordinator Dom Capers elected to start him at inside linebacker over Nate Palmer. He recorded a season-high tying ten combined tackles in the Packers' 27–23 win at the Detroit Lions. He remained the starting inside linebacker with Clay Matthews for the last five games of the season. <mask> finished his rookie season in with 50 combined tackles (35 solo) and a fumble recovery in 14 games and five starts.Pro Football Focus gave <mask> an overall grade of 42.5 for his rookie season. His overall grade was poor due to his issues with pass coverage. The Green Bay Packers finished second in the NFC North with a 10–6 record and received a playoff berth. On January 10, 2016, <mask> started his first career playoff games and recorded five combined tackles in a 35–18 victory at the Washington Redskins in the NFC Wildcard game. They were eliminated after being defeated 26–20 in overtime by the Arizona Cardinals in the NFC Divisional round. 2016
During open practices and organized team activities, <mask> and rookie Blake Martinez impressed coaches by developing a rapport and chemistry
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while they both received first team at inside linebacker. They were dubbed by "<mask> and Blake" by fans, a play on "Shake and Bake", a catchphrase of popularized by the film Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby.<mask> was named the starting inside linebacker with Blake Martinez to start the regular season, with Clay Matthews moving back to starting outside linebacker with Nick Perry. He started the Green Bay Packers' season-opener at the Jacksonville Jaguars and made seven combined tackles and his first career pass deflection during their 27–23 victory. In Week 9, <mask> recorded a season-high 12 combined tackles and broke up a pass as the Packers lost to the Indianapolis Colts 31–26. On November 13, <mask> suffered an ankle injury during a 47–25 loss at the Tennessee Titans missed the next two games. <mask> finished the season with a career-high 82 combined tackles (57 solo) and three pass deflections in 14 games and ten starts. He received an overall grade of 76.4 from Pro Football Focus and was ranked their third most improved second year Player. The Green Bay Packers finished atop their division with a 10–6 record and received a playoff berth.On January 8, 2017, <mask> recorded 12 combined tackles and a career-high three pass break ups in the Packers' 38–13 win against the New York Giants in the NFC Wildcard game. After defeating the Dallas Cowboys in the NFC Divisional round, the Green Bay Packers lost 44–21 at the Atlanta Falcons in the NFC Championship. In the loss to the Falcons, <mask> had four total tackles. 2017
<mask> and Martinez returned as the starting inside linebackers to begin the 2017 regular season. He was sidelined for a Week 3 win against the Cincinnati Bengals after sustaining a hamstring injury and concussion the previous week. December 3, 2017, <mask> recorded ten combined tackles and made his first career sack on Tampa Bay Buccaneers' quarterback Jameis Winston during a 26–20 victory. In Week 16, <mask> collected a season-high 11 combined tackles in the Packers' 16–0 loss to the Minnesota Vikings.He
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finished the season with 81 combined tackles (52 solo) and a sack in 15 games and 12 starts. Pro Football Focus gave <mask> an overall grade of 82.1, which ranked 19th among all qualified linebackers in 2017. The Green Bay Packers did not qualify for the playoffs after they finished third in the NFC North with a 7–9 record. Offensive coordinator Edgar Bennett and defensive coordinator Dom Capers were both fired at the end of the season. 2018
On July 30, 2018, <mask> suffered a knee injury in training camp and was carted off the field. On August 1, an MRI revealed that he suffered a torn ACL, keeping him out the rest of the year. Jacksonville Jaguars
On March 19, 2019, <mask> signed with the Jacksonville Jaguars.He was placed on the reserve/non-football injury list on August 31, 2019 to start the season. He was activated on November 30, 2019. He was placed back on injured reserve on December 10, 2019. On February 24, 2020, the Jaguars declined the option on <mask>'s contract, making him a free agent. Baltimore Ravens
<mask> signed with the Baltimore Ravens on May 4, 2020. He was released on June 11 with a non-football injury designation. Career statistics
Regular season
Postseason
Personal life
<mask> comes from a family of football players: older brother Connor (wide receiver) and younger brother Zack (linebacker) played for Ball State; father, Tim, was a wide receiver at Wake Forest (1980–84); maternal grandfather, Francis E. Sweeney, an Ohio Supreme Court justice, played defensive tackle for Xavier as well as in the Canadian Football League.<mask> is Catholic. References
External links
Green Bay Packers bio
Michigan Wolverines bio
<mask> at NCAA
<mask> at CBS Sports
<mask> at ESPN.com
<mask> archive at Michigan Daily
Ryan archive at AnnArbor.com
1992 births
Living people
American football linebackers
Baltimore Ravens players
Green Bay Packers players
Jacksonville Jaguars players
Michigan Wolverines football players
People from Fairview, Ohio
People from Westlake, Ohio
Players of American football from Ohio
Sportspeople from Cuyahoga
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<mask> (born circa 1951/1952) is a British radio and television presenter. He was the opening announcer and TV anchor at the Live Aid concert in 1985, and is the only presenter to have fronted all three of the BBC's leading pop music programmes, The Old Grey Whistle Test and Top of the Pops on television and the Radio One Top 40 show. Early career
<mask> grew up in Portsmouth where he attended Portsmouth Grammar School. In 1970, while still at school, he co-founded Portsmouth Hospital Broadcasting, a radio station serving the Royal Portsmouth Hospital. He later became a newspaper reporter for The News in Portsmouth and a newspaper in Kent before joining BBC Radio Medway as a music presenter. Later in 1971, <mask> joined BBC Radio Solent as a station assistant; he would later present weekly pop show Beat 'n Track on Solent. Radio 1
In October 1973, <mask> joined BBC Radio 1 as one of the original presenters of Newsbeat.He continued in this role until 1980, when he became a regular presenter of music programmes for Radio 1, taking over the Monday-Thursday evening show from Mike Read in December 1980. At the same time <mask> continued with Newsbeat as a studio producer and also worked as an in-vision continuity announcer for Thames Television. According to <mask>, during his time working on Newsbeat he broke the news of the death of John Lennon to Paul McCartney's household by phone in the early hours of 9 December 1980. In late 1981, <mask> became presenter of Radio 1's Rock On magazine show on Saturday afternoons and Roundtable on Friday evenings, on which he and guests would review the week's new releases. He continued with the programme until late 1985. In addition to Roundtable, from 1983 <mask> presented the Saturday Live show from 4 to 6:30pm alongside Andy Batten-Foster. On 30 September 1984, 17 years to the day after Radio 1 began, <mask> took over the Sunday afternoon Top 40 show, also broadcast on FM.That same day David Jensen, who had just left
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Radio 1, started presenting The Network Chart Show on commercial radio in competition. On BBC television, <mask> presented Top of the Pops from 1980 to 1985 and The Old Grey Whistle Test from 1984 to 1986. He also played two roles in the Band Aid and Live Aid phenomenon of the 1980s. Instead of publicising a new Boomtown Rats release as planned, Bob Geldof announced the creation of the Band Aid project on <mask>'s Radio 1 show in 1984. Then on 13 July 1985, <mask> made the opening announcement at Live Aid ("It's twelve noon in London ...") as the event got underway. He also fronted the first hours of BBC TV's Bafta Award-winning coverage. Capital London
In the spring of 1986, <mask> left Radio 1 to join Capital Radio, and was replaced on the chart show by Bruno Brookes, the only Top 40 presenter to leave by his own accord.At Capital, he presented on its FM Album Rock station CFM and hosted The Way It Is – Capital's equivalent of Radio 1's Newsbeat. Return to Radio 1
In October 1988, when Radio 1 – which had acquired its own FM transmitters – extended its hours, <mask> rejoined the station to host a midnight show to play a mix of album-orientated music. In late 1989, <mask> took over the Saturday afternoon Radio 1 show the 'Saturday Sequence' from Roger Scott following the latter's early death from cancer. In 1991 <mask> also took over the helming of Scott's series Classic Albums. In April 1990, he left the midnight show to be replaced by Bob Harris, but continued with the Saturday Sequence, where he remained until 1991, when Johnnie Walker took over. GLR
From the turn of the 1990s, while still at Radio 1, <mask> also presented a daily show on BBC GLR, an eclectic mix of music, recorded and live, and live interviews from pop to politics. This continued until the end of December 1992.Virgin Radio
On 30 April 1993, he hosted Virgin Radio's first programme playing two exclusive premiere cover tracks: "Born To Be Wild" by INXS and "Purple Haze" by The Cure.
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His weekday morning show ran from then until the autumn of 1996. Magic
After a short spell at London's Liberty Radio as breakfast presenter alongside Carol McGiffin, in 1997 <mask> joined London's Melody FM, which later became Magic 105.4, presenting the mid-morning show for six years until September 2003. In August 2013 <mask> returned to Magic 105.4 to provide cover for holidaying presenters. <mask> also continued to provide cover in 2014. Virgin Radio Classic Rock
In late 2003, <mask> was freelancing at the south-coast station Wave 105. Then in early 2004 he rejoined Virgin Radio on the London digital station Virgin Radio Classic Rock, where he hosted the mid-morning show, which was initially recorded, but broadcast live from 27 June 2005.During this period, he provided holiday cover on Virgin Radio. He left when live programming on Virgin Radio Classic Rock was abandoned in December 2005. Classic Gold/BBC Radio Berkshire
After freelancing on the Classic Gold network, in April 2006 <mask> joined BBC Radio Berkshire to host the Saturday and Sunday mid-morning programmes. During this time he also covered for holidaying presenters. He left on 6 January 2008. Original 106
In January 2008, <mask> joined Original 106 presenting weekday mid-mornings and the show <mask>'s Original Album Chart on Sunday afternoons. Xfm/Radio X
<mask> joined Xfm, now known as Radio X, in January 2009 to present the station's networked mid-morning show in London and Manchester.<mask> left Xfm in August 2011. Absolute Radio 70s
In October 2011, <mask> was announced to host the opening show for the station Absolute Radio 70s on 29 November. <mask> presented afternoons on Absolute Radio 70s through March 2012. Afterwards, Martyn Lee replaced <mask> as afternoon host. References
External links
1950s births
British radio personalities
British radio DJs
Living people
People educated at Portsmouth Grammar School
People from Portsmouth
BBC Radio 1 presenters
Top of the Pops
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<mask>, frequently also J. F<mask>, (11 February 1725 – 24 March 1792) was a Danish-Norwegian industrialist, major general, landowner and founder of Det Classenske Fideicommis. He served as chancellery adviser to King <mask><mask> built the manor house Arresødal in 1773, he renovated the Neoclassical manor house Corselitze in 1777, and built the General's Summerhouse by the Corselitze Forest. Early years
<mask> was born in Oslo (then called Christiania), where his father (from Sønderborg on the Danish island of Als), was an organist. The father, who had the same name as his son, was born 1697 and died 1775; his mother, Maria, born Walter (1702-1768 ), was from a Norwegian farmer family. After having gone through grammar school in his hometown, he became a theology candidate at University of Copenhagen in 1741, taking his examinations three years later. Career
Despite his studies, it was not <mask>'s intention to make a theological career. He seems immediately to have thrown himself into other activities after coming into contact with Norwegian businessmen, possibly also participating in the high-level college of commercial advisors known as Kommercekollegiet of which a relative, Counsellor Christian Walter, was a member.When <mask> V visited Norway in 1749, Classen accompanied Admiral Andreas Rosenpalm, who was associated with various Norwegian businessmen including Erik Anker and Matthias Wærn of Norway's Moss Cannon Foundry. When only 24, Classen became a supplier of munitions to the State, in particular as commissioner for the Moss foundry, a post he held until c. 1759. As such, he conducted negotiations with army headquarters. He seems to have had influential friends in the king's immediate circle. In 1751, he received the title of Chancellry Counsellor and in 1753, was appointed Secretary of Kommercekollegiet. Immediately after the 1750 death of the Danish merchant, Andreas Bjørn,
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Classen became involved in the annual delivery of munitions to the Berbers in Algiers. He began by delivering 8,000 cannonballs, followed by gunpowder (500 centner), rope and timber, soon receiving a permanent contract to provide the delivery annually.His international trading ties developed through his connection with the former Spanish ambassador in Copenhagen, Marqués de Puente Fuerte. The work brought him into contact with a variety of industrialists, inciting him to become a businessman himself. In 1754, <mask> unsuccessfully sought to establish a glassworks; the following year, he bought a ceramic kiln factory outside Copenhagen's Østerport. In 1756, a dispute arose between <mask> and the directors of the Moss foundry, and by 1759, <mask> ceased to be an agent there. The same year, <mask> V entrusted <mask> and another businessman, Just Fabritius, with land at Agatmølle, the point where the Arresø runs into Isefjorden, on which to develop a cannon and munitions factory. De Peyrembert, a Frenchman, had unsuccessfully attempted to produce cannons there. Responding to the king's wishes, <mask> and Fabritius embarked not only on the production of cannons and gunpowder but on all types of weaponry.As the land had been allocated by Frederik V, Classen named the foundry "Frederiksværk"; it became Denmark's first factory town. Fabritius provided the capital but it was <mask> who became the active leader of the Frederiksværk operations, receiving the appointment of Commissioner General for War and Munitions with the title of chancellor. The business did well, benefitting from supplies for the Seven Years' War from 1756. Although he was interested in the technical side of the enterprise, it was above all <mask>'s abilities as an administrator and businessman which led to the factory's success. Within a few years, Frederiksværk became Denmark's one and only industrial town. Thanks to the quality
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of both its gunpowder and cannons, the factory quickly became competitive. By 1765, the number of workers had increased to some 400.While there were later minor reductions in the workforce, the factory was able to support the development of a small town as the facilities expanded to include a watermill, a brickyard, an oven foundry, a candle factory, a decorative iron works, a goldsmiths and a rope walk. Classen's enterprise also received support from the State. In 1760, to supplement the workforce a number of tenant farms were transferred to the enterprise and in 1764 all the tenant farms in the surrounding parishes of Kregme, Vinderød, Melby and Torup were included, as well as Halsnæs, Rorup and Havelse Skove came under its jurisdiction. In 1757, as commissioner for war and munitions, Classen earned 800 rigsdaler a year while in 1760, he received the position of commissioner general of the army commissariat, the body with which he signed contracts for army supplies. When Fabritius said he wished to withdraw from Frederiksværk, the king bought the factory for 130,000 rigsdaler, but <mask> was allowed to remain in control so that "on his own account he can pick and choose as he wishes." One of Classen's patrons was Saint-Germain who was striving to improve Danish artillery. In 1767, with the agreement of the king, this led to a contract whereby Frederiksværk and its only real competitor, the Kronborg rifle factory, were to support Classen while the State committed an annual sum of 120,000 rigsdaler over the next 30 years for the purchase of arms and munitions from the two factories.Shortly afterwards, however, Saint-Germain was dismissed and in April 1768, an investigative committee was set up with <mask>'s opponent, Ditlev Reventlow (1712–1783) as chairman. The committee found that the arrangements had all been set up in favour of <mask> with the result that he had to give up the Kronborg
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rifle factory, which was transferred to Heinrich Carl von Schimmelmann, and pay 100,000 rigsdaler for Frederiksværk without any guarantee of contracts from the state. After an attempt to reestablish Copenhagen's Gjethuset as a cannon foundry proved unsuccessful, <mask> concluded a contract with the army in 1770 which guaranteed that he was to be its sole supplier of gunpowder and cannons. The contract, which also specified an annual subsidy for operating the factory in addition to payments for the supplies, was renewed every year until Classen died. Furthermore, Frederiksværk concluded contracts for supplying weapons and munitions to large trading companies and to the navy. In 1769, the business was extended to produce stoves and cooking pots although not all <mask>'s attempts to bring other industries to the town were successful. Other occupations
In addition to his industrial and trading activities, <mask>litze and Carlsfeldt estates on Falster from Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel and, in 1773 and 1776, established Arresødal and Grønnesøgård on the Frederiksværk estate. His powers of initiative and administration also benefitted his agricultural ventures. He established the fishing communities of Sølager and Liseleje and developed large-scale plantations around Frederiksværk although his eagerness to persuade farmers to adopt better production methods does not appear to have led to meaningful results. In 1756, he bought a summer residence with a large garden near Østerport from the Danneskjold-Laurwigenske heirs. He increased its size in 1765 when he bought an adjacent property known as Fiskerhuset from Hans von Ahlefeldt. Today it is known as Classens Have (Classen's Garden). A patron of literature, Classen bought books at home and abroad until he had amassed a large library.Recognition
Classen's extensive business operations brought him both wealth and recognition. In 1775, he was given
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the title of major-general and was awarded the Order of the Dannebrog while in 1783 he received the status of excellency. He also enjoyed friendships with the most influential figures of the times including Adam Gottlob Moltke, Hans Ahlefeldt, the Bernstorffs, Saint-Germain, Ove Høegh-Guldberg, General Heinrich Wilhelm von Huth and General Peter Elias von Gähler. Legacy
In his will, with the exception of Frederiksværk, Classen left all his assets and possessions to a charitable foundation, Det Classenske Fideicommis. It was to be used "to educate good people to become the best in the State, to support and promote industriousness and diligence in the areas most necessary for the country's well-being, and to help to alleviate poverty and misery." The fund, still with considerable assets today, has been used to establish Næsgaard Agerbrugsskole, a farming school in Stubbekøbing, Falster (now Næsgaard Efterskole). The Classen Library in Amaliegade in Copenhagen was built for his extensive library of some 20,000 volumes, with significant collections in the areas of economics, geography and science.In 1867, it was shared between the Agricultural University and the University Library in Copenhagen. Personal life
Classen married Anna Elisabeth Fabritius de Tengnagels (1735-1786). She had two daughters from her first marriage, Marie Margarethe Baroness Iselin (1756-1814) and Anna Elisabeth Baroness Iselin (1760-1805). His brother, Peter Hersleb <mask> (1738–1825), a high-level State official, later became director of Det Classenske Fideicommis. References
1725 births
1792 deaths
18th-century Danish businesspeople
Norwegian emigrants to Denmark
People from Frederiksværk
Danish industrialists
Danish manufacturing businesspeople
Danish company founders
Danish philanthropists
Businesspeople from Copenhagen
Danish generals
Noble Knights of the Order of the Dannebrog
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<mask> (September 13, 1941 – April 1, 2010) was an American engineer, entrepreneur and medical doctor who invented the first commercially successful personal computer in 1974. He is most often known as "the father of the personal computer." He founded Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS) in 1970 to sell electronics kits to model rocketry hobbyists, but the first successful product was an electronic calculator kit that was featured on the cover of the November 1971 issue of Popular Electronics. The calculators were very successful and sales topped one million dollars in 1973. A brutal calculator price war left the company deeply in debt by 1974. <mask> then developed the Altair 8800 personal computer that used the new Intel 8080 microprocessor. This was featured on the cover of the January 1975 issue of Popular Electronics, and hobbyists flooded MITS with orders for this $397 computer kit.Bill Gates and Paul Allen joined MITS to develop software and Altair BASIC was Microsoft's first product. <mask> sold MITS in 1977 and retired to Georgia where he farmed, studied medicine and eventually became a small-town doctor living in Cochran, Georgia. Early life
<mask> was born on September 13, 1941 in Miami, Florida to Henry Melvin <mask>, an appliance repairman, and <mask> <mask>, a homemaker. His younger sister Cheryl was born in 1947. During World War II, while his father was in the Army, <mask> and his mother lived on the Wilcher family farm in Wheeler County, Georgia. After the war, the family returned to Miami, but <mask> would spend his summers with his grandparents in rural Georgia. <mask>' father had an appliance repair business in Miami.<mask> became interested in electronics and built a small relay-based computer while in high school. Medicine was his true passion, however, and he entered University of Miami with the intention of becoming a doctor, the first in his family to attend college. There he met a neurosurgeon who shared his interest in electronics. The doctor suggested that <mask> get an engineering degree before applying to medical
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school, and <mask> changed his major to electrical engineering. <mask> married Joan Clark while at the university, and when she became pregnant <mask> knew that he would have to drop out of school to support his new family. The U.S. Air Force had a program that would pay for college, and in May 1962 he enlisted with the hope of finishing his degree through the Airman Education & Commissioning Program. After basic training, <mask> attended the Cryptographic Equipment Maintenance School at Lackland Air Force Base in San Antonio, Texas.Because of his electrical engineering studies at college, <mask> was made an instructor at the Cryptographic School when he finished the course. To augment his meager enlisted man's pay, <mask> worked on several off-duty projects and even set up a one-man company, Reliance Engineering. The most notable job was to create the electronics that animated the Christmas characters in the window display of Joske's department store in San Antonio. In 1965, he was selected for an Air Force program to complete his college degree and become a commissioned officer. <mask> earned an electrical engineering degree from Oklahoma State University in 1968 and was assigned to the Laser Division of the Weapons Laboratory at Kirtland AFB in Albuquerque, New Mexico. In 1968, he looked into applying to medical school but learned that, at age 27, he was considered too old. Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems
Roberts worked with Forrest Mims at the Weapons Laboratory, and both shared an interest in model rocketry.Mims was an advisor to the Albuquerque Model Rocket Club and met the publisher of Model Rocketry magazine at a rocketry conference. This led to an article in the September 1969 issue of Model Rocketry, "Transistorized Tracking Light for Night Launched Model Rockets". <mask>, Mims, and lab coworkers Stan Cagle and Bob Zaller decided that they could design and sell electronics kits to model rocket hobbyists. <mask> wanted to call the new company Reliance Engineering, but Mims wanted to form an acronym similar to the Massachusetts Institute
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of Technology's MIT. Cagle came up with Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS). They advertised the light flasher, a roll rate sensor with transmitter, and other kits in Model Rocketry, but the sales were disappointing. Mims wrote an article about the new technology of light-emitting diodes that was to be published in the November 1970 issue of Popular Electronics magazine.He asked the editors if they also wanted a project story, and they agreed. <mask> and Mims developed an LED communicator that would transmit voice on an infrared beam of light to a receiver hundreds of feet away. Readers could buy a kit of parts to build the Opticom LED Communicator from MITS for $15. MITS sold just over a hundred kits. Mims was now out of the Air Force and wanted to pursue a career as a technology writer. <mask> bought out his original partners and focused the company on the emerging market of electronic calculators. Calculators
<mask>'s first real experience with computers came while at Oklahoma State University where engineering students had free access to an IBM 1620 computer.His office at the Weapons Laboratory had the state of the art Hewlett-Packard 9100A programmable calculator in 1968. <mask> had always wanted to build a digital computer and, in July 1970, Electronic Arrays announced a set of six LSI integrated circuits that would make a four-function calculator. <mask> was determined to design a calculator kit and got fellow Weapons Laboratory officers William Yates and <mask> to invest in the project with time and money. The first product was a "four-function" calculator that could add, subtract, multiply, and divide. The display was only eight digits, but the calculations were performed with 16 digits precision. The MITS Model 816 calculator kit was featured on the November 1971 cover of Popular Electronics. The kit sold for $179 and an assembled unit was $275.Unlike the previous kits that MITS had offered, thousands of calculator orders came in each month. The monthly sales reached $100,000 in March 1973, and MITS moved to a larger building with
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10,000 square feet (930 square meters) of space. In 1973, MITS was selling every calculator that they could make, and 110 employees worked in two shifts assembling them. The functionality of calculator integrated circuits increased at a rapid pace and <mask> was designing and producing new models. The popularity of electronic calculators drew the traditional office equipment companies and the semiconductor companies into the market. In September 1972, Texas Instruments (TI) introduced the TI-2500 portable four-function calculator that sold for $120. The larger companies could sell below cost to win market share.By early 1974, <mask> found that he could purchase a calculator in a retail store for less than his cost of materials. MITS was now $300,000 in debt, and <mask> was looking for a new hit product. Altair 8800 computer
<mask> decided to return to the kit market with a low cost computer. The target customer would think that "some assembly required" was a desirable feature. In April 1974, Intel released the 8080 microprocessor that <mask> felt was powerful enough for his computer kit, but each 8080 chip sold for $360 in small quantities. <mask> felt that the price of a computer kit had to be under $400; to meet this price, he agreed to order 1,000 microprocessors from Intel for $75 each. The company was down to 20 employees and a bank loan for $65,000 financed the design and initial production of the new computer.<mask> told the bank that he expected to sell 800 computers, but he guessed that it would be around 200. Art Salsberg, editorial director of Popular Electronics, was looking for a computer construction project, and his technical editor Les Solomon knew that MITS was working on an Intel 8080-based computer kit. <mask> assured Solomon that the project would be complete by November to meet the press deadline for the January 1975 issue. The first prototype was finished in October and shipped to Popular Electronics in New York for the cover photograph, but it was lost in transit. Solomon already had a number of pictures of the machine, and the article
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was based on them. <mask> and Yates got to work on building a replacement. The computer on the magazine cover was an empty box with just switches and LEDs on the front panel.The finished Altair computer had a completely different circuit board layout than the prototype shown in the magazine. MITS products typically had generic names such as the Model 1440 Calculator or the Model 1600 Digital Voltmeter. The editors of Popular Electronics wanted a more alluring name for the computer. MITS technical writer David Bunnell came up with three pages of possible names, but <mask> was too busy finishing the computer design to choose one. There are several versions of the story of who selected Altair as the computer name. At the first Altair Computer Convention (March 1976), Les Solomon told the audience that the name was inspired by his 12-year-old daughter Lauren. "She said why don't you call it Altair – that's where the [Star Trek] Enterprise is going tonight."The December 1976 issue of Popular Science misquoted this account, giving credit to <mask>' daughter. His only daughter Dawn was not born until 1983. Both of these versions have appeared in many books, magazines, and web sites. Editor Alexander Burawa recalls a less dramatic version. The Altair was originally going to be named the PE-8 (Popular Electronics 8-bit), but Les Solomon thought this name to be rather dull, so Solomon, Burawa, and John McVeigh decided that: "It's a stellar event, so let's name it after a star." McVeigh suggested "Altair", the twelfth-brightest star in the sky. When the January 1975 issue of Popular Electronics reached readers in mid-December 1974, MITS was flooded with orders.They had to hire extra people just to answer the phones. In February, MITS received 1,000 orders for the Altair 8800. The quoted delivery time was 60 days, but it was many more months before the machines were shipped. By August 1975, they had shipped over 5,000 computers. The Altair 8800 computer was a break-even sale for MITS. They needed to sell additional memory boards, I/O boards, and other options to make a
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profit. The April 1975 issue of the MITS newsletter Computer Notes had a page-long price list that offered over 15 optional boards.The delivery time given was 60 or 90 days, but many items were never produced and dropped from future price lists. Initially, <mask> decided to concentrate on production of the computers. Prompt delivery of optional boards did not occur until October 1975. There were several design and component problems in the MITS 4K Dynamic RAM board. By July, new companies such as Processor Technology were selling 4K Static RAM boards with the promise of reliable operation. <mask> acknowledged the 4K Dynamic RAM board problems in the October 1975 Computer Notes. The price was reduced from $264 to $195 and existing purchasers got a $50 refund.MITS released its own 4K Static RAM board in January 1976. Several other companies started making add-in boards and the first clone, the IMSAI 8080, was available in December 1975. Altair BASIC
Bill Gates was a student at Harvard University and Paul Allen worked for Honeywell in Boston when they saw the Altair computer on the cover of Popular Electronics. They had previously written software for the earlier Intel 8008 microprocessor and knew the Intel 8080 was powerful enough to support a BASIC interpreter. They sent a letter to MITS claiming to have a BASIC interpreter for the 8080 microprocessor. <mask> was interested, so Gates and Allen began work on the software. Both had experience with the Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-10 minicomputers that they would use.Allen modified the DEC Macro Assembler to produce code for the Intel 8080 and wrote a program to emulate the 8080 so they could test their BASIC without having an Altair computer. Using DEC's BASIC-PLUS language as a guide, Gates determined what features would work with the limited resources of the Altair computer. Gates then started writing the 8080 assembly-language code on yellow legal pads. In February Gates and Allen started using a PDP-10 at Harvard to write and debug BASIC. They also enlisted another Harvard student, Monte Davidoff, to
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write the floating-point math routines. Paul Allen flew to Albuquerque, New Mexico, in March 1975 to test BASIC on a real Altair 8800 computer. <mask> picked him up at the airport in his pickup truck and drove to the nondescript storefront where MITS was located.Allen was not impressed. The Altair computer with 7 kB of memory that BASIC required was still being tested and would not be ready until the next day. <mask> had booked Allen in the most expensive hotel in Albuquerque and the room was $40 more than Allen brought with him. <mask> paid for the room and wondered who is this software guy who can not afford a room in a hotel. The next day the Altair with 7 kB had finally passed its memory test and Allen had their BASIC interpreter on a paper tape Bill Gates had created just before Allen left Boston. It took almost 15 minutes for the Teletype to load the program into the Altair then the Teletype printed "MEMORY SIZE?" Allen entered 7168 and the Teletype printed "READY".Both Allen and <mask> were stunned their software and hardware actually worked. They entered several small programs and they worked. The BASIC interpreter was not complete and crashed several times, but <mask> had a high level language for his computer. <mask> hired Allen as Vice President and Director of Software at MITS. Bill Gates also worked at MITS; the October 1975 company newsletter gives his title as "Software Specialist". Bill Gates remained at Harvard, but continued working on BASIC. Students were allowed to use the DEC PDP-10, but officials were not pleased when they found that Gates was developing a commercial product.The school then implemented a policy that forced Gates to use a commercial time share service to work on BASIC. On July 22, 1975, MITS signed a contract for the Altair BASIC with Bill Gates and Paul Allen. They received $3,000 at signing and a royalty for each copy of BASIC sold, with a cap of $180,000. MITS received an exclusive worldwide license to the program for 10 years. They also had exclusive rights to sublicense the program to other companies and agreed to use
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its "best efforts" to license, promote and commercialize the program. MITS would supply the computer time necessary for development on a PDP-10 owned by the Albuquerque school district. MITS realized that BASIC was a competitive advantage and bundled the software with computer hardware sales.Customers who purchased the computer, memory, and I/O boards from MITS could get BASIC for $75; the standalone price was $500. Many hobbyists purchased their hardware from a third-party and "borrowed" a copy of Altair BASIC. <mask> refused to sub-license BASIC to other companies; this led to arbitration in 1977 between MITS and the new "Micro-Soft". The arbitrator agreed with Microsoft and allowed them to license the 8080 BASIC to other companies. <mask> was disappointed with this ruling. Since both Allen and Gates had been employees of MITS and he paid for the computer time, <mask> felt it was his software. Sale to Pertec
In 1976, MITS had 230 employees and sales of $6 million.<mask> was tiring of his management responsibilities and was looking for a larger partner. MITS had always used Pertec Computer Corporation disk drives and on December 3, 1976, Pertec signed a letter of intent to acquire MITS for $6 million in stock. The deal was completed in May 1977 and <mask>' share was $2–3 million. The Altair products were merged into the Pertec line, and the MITS facility was used to produce the PCC-2000 small-business computer. The Albuquerque plant was closed in December 1980 and the production was moved to the Pertec plants in Irvine, California. Medical doctor
In late 1977 <mask> returned to rural Georgia and bought a large farm in Wheeler County where he had often visited his grandparents' home in his youth. He had a non-compete agreement with Pertec covering hardware products, so he became a gentleman farmer and started a software company.His age could have thwarted his dream of becoming a medical doctor, but nearby Mercer University started a medical school in 1982. <mask> was in the first class and graduated with an M.D. in 1986. He did his residency in internal
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medicine and in 1988 established a practice in the small town of Cochran, Georgia. In 2009, Dr. <mask> was elected to Alpha Omega Alpha, the medical honor society. He was nominated by Mercer alumnus Guy Foulkes, MD based on <mask>’ dual accomplishment of developer of the first personal computer and his devotion to rural medicine. Personal life
<mask> married Joan Clark (b.1941) in 1962 and they had five sons, Melvin (b. 1963), Clark (b. 1964), John David (b. 1965), <mask> (b. 1970), Martin (b. 1975) and a daughter Dawn (b. 1983).They were divorced in 1988. <mask> married Donna Mauldin in 1991 and they were still married when interviewed by The Atlanta Journal-Constitution in April 1997. He was married to Rosa Cooper from 2000 until his death. <mask> died April 1, 2010 after a months-long bout with pneumonia, at the age of 68. His sister, Cheryl R <mask> (b. November 13, 1947 – d. March 6, 2010), of nearby Dublin, Georgia died at age 62, a few weeks before his death. During his last hospitalization in Macon, Georgia, hospital staffers were stunned to see an unannounced Bill Gates, who had come to pay last respects to his first employer. He was survived by his wife, all six of his children and his mother, <mask> <mask>.All live in Georgia. Works
Books
Magazines
Part 2 in the February 1975 issue. Part 2 in the December 1975 issue. Notes
References
External links
Commentary on <mask>' life and medical practice. STARTUP: Albuquerque and the Personal Computer Revolution New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science
Altair 8800 Computer at Vintage-Computer Web Site
Brief History of the Altair. Copies of Altair articles in Popular Electronics
Obituary in The Independent by Marcus Williamson
1941 births
2010 deaths
American electrical engineers
American inventors
Physicians from Georgia (U.S. state)
Deaths from pneumonia in Georgia (U.S. state)
Mercer University alumni
Model rocketry
Oklahoma State University alumni
United States Air Force officers
University of Miami College of Engineering alumni
People from Bleckley County, Georgia
Miami Senior
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Major General Sir <mask>, (9 July 1859 – 30 September 1944) was a cavalry officer and major-general in the British Indian Army. Younghusband was commissioned into the 17th Foot in 1878. He later transferred to the British Indian Army's Guides Cavalry and served in several conflicts, including the Second Afghan War, the Mahdist War, the Third Burmese War, the Second Boer War and finally in the First World War. Due to wounds received on the battlefield, he was forced to retire from the army in 1917. In his later life he became a noted author of several books, and the Keeper of the Jewel House at the Tower of London, until his death on 30 September 1944, at Crickhowell in Wales. Early life
<mask> was born on 9 July 1859, at Dharamshala in India, the eldest son of Major-General <mask> and Clara Jane Shaw, and the elder brother of <mask>. He was educated at Clifton College and the Royal Military College Sandhurst.In May 1878, after graduating as the Queen's (India) Cadet, he was commissioned, as a second-lieutenant, into the 17th Foot, on probation for the India Staff Corps. He fought in the Second Afghan War and was promoted to lieutenant on 15 March 1880, before transferring to the India Staff Corps, in October 1883. Indian Army
After joining the Indian Army he was involved in several conflicts in a short period of time. The 1885 Mahdist War, operations on the North West Frontier in 1886, and in the Third Burmese War. His next promotion came on 1 May 1889, when he was promoted to captain. Six years later, in 1895, he was mentioned in
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while serving on the General Staff. In 1909, he became commander of the Fyzabad Brigade, part of the 8th (Lucknow) Division, and the Derajat Brigade from 1911. The same year he was promoted to major-general.He was still in command, when appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) in 1913. In the First World War, <mask> was given command of the 28th Indian Brigade, part of the 10th Indian Division. They were initially deployed to defend the Suez Canal. Until 1916, when the brigade was sent to take part in the defence of Aden. It then moved to Basra to participate in the Mesopotamia Campaign. During the subsequent operation <mask> was again mentioned in dispatches. His last command position was in 1916, as commander of the 7th (Meerut) Division, still in Mesopotamia, but he was forced to relinquish that position due to wounds received.Family and later life
In March 1917, King <mask> appointed <mask> as the Keeper of the Jewel House at the Tower of London. Then in April 1919, the King approved his retirement from the army. He was not entirely finished with the army however and in January 1928, he was appointed the Regimental Colonel of the 10th Queen Victoria's Own Corps of Guides Cavalry (Frontier Force) and of the 5th Battalion, (Queen Victoria's Own Corps of Guides) 12th Frontier Force Regiment. His son Brigadier <mask> <mask>, of the 3rd The King's Own Hussars, served with the 2nd Armoured Division during the Second World War. <mask> <mask> died on 30 September 1944, aged eighty-five, at Crickhowell in
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<mask> (April 28, 1842 – March 26, 1924) was bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Central New York from 1904 to 1924. Early life
<mask> was born in Cohoes, N. Y. on April 28, 1842. His parents were <mask>. and Ardelia (Wilkinson) Olmsted. "The surname has been spelled both as "Olmsted" and "Olmstead." This difference in spelling is reflected in the various references used in this article. However, this article always uses the Olmstead spelling because that is the spelling used by the Diocese of Central New York on its website's listing of the BISHOPS OF CENTRAL NEW YORK. In 1852, when the boy was ten years old, the family moved to Newport, Kentucky.Four years later, he began to work with his father in building the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. While working on the railroad, he "continued his studies." In 1853, he started attending the Brooks' Classical School located in Cincinnati, across the Ohio River from Newport. He studied there three and one-half years in preparation for college. Therefore, when the family moved back to New York state, settling in Lockport, he was ready to enter college. However, because of his father's financial condition, <mask> could not enter college until 1862. Education and teaching
In 1862, Olmstead entered the Sophomore class at Trinity College, Hartford, Conn., an Episcopal Church school.He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1865 and with a Master of Arts in 1868. <mask> felt called to the ministry in the Episcopal Church, so he enrolled in the Berkeley Divinity School in Middletown, Connecticut. While a student in the Berkeley Divinity School, <mask> also tutored Latin and Greek at St. Stephen's College at Annandale during the academic year 1865–66. During the next academic year (1866–68), he taught "mathematics and natural philosophy" at St. Stephen's.
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Ministry as a priest
In 1867, <mask> was ordained a deacon in the Episcopal Church, and in 1868 he was ordained a priest. In November 1868, <mask> was called to be an assistant minister in the Trinity Chapel of Trinity Church, New York City. While in this position, he married Catharine Lawrence, daughter of Joseph and Rosette (Townsend) Lawrence of New York city, on April 25, 1876.He stayed in that position until May 1884, when he became Rector of Grace Church, Utica, N. Y. Grace Church, under <mask>'s leadership, "prospered greatly, both in spiritual and material matters." The buildings were improved. <mask> was a founder of the Utica Clerical Union. He had a hand in forming the Central New York Choir Guild. He served as chaplain of the Good Shepherd, St. Luke's Hospital, and the Guild of St. Barnabas for Nurses. He also organized the Ladies Aid Society, the Girls Friendly Society, the Employment Society, the Boys Friendly Society, the Senior and Junior Brotherhood of St. Andrew.In 1893, <mask> became a trustee of St. John's Military School in Manlius, N. Y. During his tenure as Rector of Grace Church, <mask> was elected as a deputy to the 1892, 1895 and 1898 General Conventions of the Episcopal Church. In April 1899, <mask> returned to Trinity Parish, New York. This time it was as Vicar of St. Agnes' Chapel on West 92nd Street. At that time, St. Agnes included the Trinity School. <mask> was qualified to be in charge of the school because of his experience in teaching at St. Stephens' College. During his time at St. Agnes, both the church and the school grew.Ministry as a Bishop
In October 1902, <mask> was elected bishop coadjutor of the Diocese of Central New York. He was consecrated in Grace church, Utica, N.Y. on October 2, 1902. His consecrators were Bishops Frederic Dan Huntington
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of Syracuse, Henry C. Potter of New York, and William David Walker of Western New York. Immediately after his consecration, <mask> began his duties as coadjutor to Bishop Huntington. Huntington had been unable to perform all of his duties because of his "advanced age." A newspaper editorial about the election of <mask> as Bishop Coadjutor praised him as "a man of brilliant scholarship and great activity" and as "a speaker of original and convincing power." Also, as "a man of strong convictions," but "nevertheless, a man of kindly disposition and sympathetic."Regarding his fitness for his new duties, the editorial said that "he has the executive ability to perform" them. <mask> was a bishop in Diocese of Central New York for twenty-two years: as bishop coadjutor from 1902 to 1904 and as bishop diocesan from 1904 to his death in 1924. In 1903, on Washington's birthday, <mask>, while bishop coadjutor, addressed the 1903 banquet of the Board of Managers of the Sons of the Revolution in the State of New York. Bishop Dan Huntington died in July 1904, leaving <mask> as his successor diocesan bishop. A newspaper story dated October 13, 1905, was headlined "Bishop <mask> Asks Clergymen of the Episcopal to Do All in Their Power to Keep Ladies from Showing Their Beautiful Hair." <mask> was quoted as saying, "Let at least this good custom of the mothers of Israel prevail, that they pray in public with covered heads." In 1906, at the thirty-eighth annual convention of the Diocese of Central New York, in the Bishop's Address, <mask> said,
"The Church Of Jesus Christ should not be in alliance either with individuals or with corporations whose principles and methodsare known to be illegal and corrupt.All the talk about "tainted money" seems to me to be beside the mark. Money itself, I suppose,cannot be
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tainted, but it may at times represent a tainted partnership, and it is not well for the Church to have her tongue tied byany such coalition, because it is her duty to be ready to denounce wickedness in high places as well as in low places. The Church can never gain by getting wealth which paralyzes her proper functions." On October 8, 1907, <mask> spoke to the triennial meeting of the Episcopal Church's Church Periodical Club. The newspaper account characterized him as a speaker "with decided ability." On June 2, 1921, following the advice of his Standing Committee regarding irreconcilable differences between a rector and his vestry, <mask> signed this order: "I hereby render my decision, that in accordance with the above report, the Rev. Arthur H. Beaty, resign the rectorship of Grace Church, Cortland, N. Y.."
Awards and memberships
In 1893, Hobart College gave <mask> the degree of Doctor of Divinity.In 1903, Syracuse University conferred the degree of Doctor of Canon Law. In 1908, Hamilton College (New York) awarded him the degree of Doctor of Laws. <mask> was a member of the Oneida Historical Society. Ill health and Death
On January 31, 1914, Mrs. <mask> died. After that his niece lived with him until he died. In the early part of 1924, <mask>'s health became so bad that he had to turn over most of his duties to his coadjutor Bishop <mask>. On March 26, 1924, he "died suddenly of heart disease" at his home in Utica, N. Y.He had been bishop for twenty-two years. Tributes
After <mask>'s death, some of his associates wrote tributes about him. They included these words:
References
1842 births
1924 deaths
American Episcopalians
People from Cohoes, New York
People from Newport, Kentucky
Trinity College (Connecticut) alumni
Berkeley Divinity School alumni
Episcopal bishops of Central New
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<mask> (originally <mask>; March 17, 1916 – January 31, 2008) was a Chilean communist politician, lawyer, and author. Personal life
Born in Chillán to Jewish immigrants (Ukrainian <mask> and Bessarabian Sara Volosky), <mask> was interested in literature from an early age. He finished high school, then began his studies in the Faculty of Law of the University of Chile, where at graduation he presented his senior thesis “The Dawn of Capitalism - The Conquest of America.”
At the age of 29, Teitelboim married Raquel Weitzmann, who had also studied law. In the 1940s, while Teitelboim, like other members of the Communist Party, was forced to go underground, Weitzman became pregnant with the child of a former university colleague. The child, named Claudio, was adopted by Teitelboim and Weitzman's affair was hushed up. Due to Teitelmboim's frequent long periods of absence due to party activities, persecution, and imprisonment, the marriage suffered, and finally ended in 1957, when Weitzman left for Cuba in company of Jaime Barros. Teitelboim then took charge of Claudio, who was 10 years old at the time.When, in 2005, Claudio learned that he had been deceived and that his father was actually the lawyer Álvaro Bunster, he broke relations with <mask> and took on his biological father's surname. <mask>'s second marriage, at the age of 51, was to Eliana Farías. Together, while in exile in Moscow following the Chilean military coup d'état of September 11, 1973, they raised Faría's son, Roberto Nordenflycht, and their own daughter, whom
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they named Marina. Roberto followed Teitlboim's example and also became a communist. He was killed in August 1989 while taking part in a guerrilla action in Chile with the Manuel Rodriguez Patriotic Front. The grief over Roberto's death marked the end of Teitelboim's marriage to Farías. Marina, for her part, eventually became a career diplomat.<mask> died on January 31, 2008, at the Catholic University's hospital in Santiago of kidney failure resulting from lymphatic cancer. He and Claudio Bunster reportedly reconciled at the end. Political career
Teitelboim joined the Chilean Communist Party's youth section at the age of sixteen. During the 1940s he endured persecution, along with all the militants of the Communist Party, and was imprisoned in Pisagua under the so-called Democratic Defense Law (also known as Ley maldita, or "cursed law"). In 1961 he was elected to Congress as a Deputy for Valparaíso and Quillota, a post he held until 1965, when he was elected Senator for Santiago. He was re-elected to this post in March 1973, but was only able to further serve in it until Congress was disbanded following the September 11, 1973, coup d'état. During the military regime of Gen. Augusto Pinochet Teitelboim lived in exile in Moscow, where he launched the twice-weekly radio program Escucha, Chile ("Listen, Chile").Despite the risk, he clandestinely returned to Chile in 1988 and campaigned for a provisional government following the regime's having been handed a defeat in that year's national plebiscite. The following year he was
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elected president of the Communist Party, a position he held until 1994. Literary work
<mask>'s literary work, for which he was awarded Chile's National Prize in Literature in 2002, as well as the Literature prize of the 1931 Floral Games, is chiefly in the form of memoirs, biographies, and literary essays. His first book Antología de poesía chilena (Anthology of Chilean Poetry) was published in conjunction with Eduardo Anguita in 1932, and compiled the great poets of Chile. He would later say that it committed the errors of omitting Gabriela Mistral and of accentuating the dispute between Vicente Huidobro, Pablo de Rokha, and Pablo Neruda. His series of memoirs, Un muchacho del siglo XX (A Boy of the Twentieth Century, 1997), La gran guerra de Chile y otra que nunca existió (The Great War of Chile and Another That Never Existed, 2000) and Noches de radio (Radio Nights, 2001) present from a political and social perspective the great arch of Chilean history during the 20th century. His best known capacity is that of a biographer, in which he wrote about Jorge Luis Borges, Vicente Huidobro, and with the most critical acclaim, Pablo Neruda and Gabriela Mistral.In terms of membership in literary movements, he is generally located within the Chilean Generation of '38. List of published works
Antología de poesía chilena (Anthology of Chilean Poetry) - 1935
El amanecer del capitalismo. La conquista de América (The dawn of capitalism. The conquest of America) - 1943
Hijo del salitre (Son of saltpeter) - 1952
La semilla en la
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<mask> (born Oct. 28, 1962) is an American cognitive neuroscientist in the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College. He directs the NSF EPSCoR Attention Consortium. He was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 2014. Early life and education
<mask>, who has German and Chinese heritage, grew up in New York City. He graduated from Dartmouth College in 1984, studying physics and mathematics. After graduating from Dartmouth, he worked for the Peace Corps as a schoolteacher in Nepal, studied philosophy of mind at the University of Konstanz, Germany, and worked for Kobe Steel Corporation in Japan. He began his studies at Harvard University in 1992, receiving his PhD in cognitive psychology under Patrick Cavanagh and Ken Nakayama in 1998.<mask> served as a postdoctoral researcher with Nikos Logothetis at the Max Plank Institute for Biological Cybernetics in Tübingen, Germany. He joined Dartmouth's faculty in 2001. Cognitive neuroscience
The focus of <mask>'s work in cognitive neuroscience is mid- and high-level human vision. In the domain of mid-level vision his group has worked on deciphering the rapid form-motion computations that go into the construction of subsequent conscious visual experience. His group focuses on visual illusions because they are mistakes made by the visual system that can inform us about the nature of processing that goes into the construction of conscious experience. In the field of high-level vision and attention, <mask>'s group has focused on two main directions: the influence of top-down volitional operations on visual experience, and the nature of volitional mental operations that go into the construction of internal virtual experience or imagination. In his work on the neural basis of the human imagination, he has emphasized the importance of volitional and non-volitional verb-like mental operations over noun-like representations, such as imagined visual objects.Using fMRI, his group has argued that representations and operations can be decoded by creating
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classifiers in one part of the brain, and applying them to different parts of the brain. This supports the idea that the brain might not be as modular as previously thought, and that certain types of brain processing may happen in a fundamentally distributed manner. In particular, the model of working memory operations that emerges suggests that traditional models of working memory, such as Baddeley's, are too modular and hierarchical. Philosophy of neuroscience
In his 2013 book The Neural Basis of Free Will, <mask> focused on the question of mental causation, in particular the proposition that mental events (and information in general, as in genetics) can be downwardly causal even though realized in, or supervenient upon, physical events. Exclusion argument: He challenged the Exclusion Argument (EA) of Jaegwon Kim, according to which causal efficacy resides solely in the physical domain of the rootmost level of energy, by arguing that the EA does not hold if indeterminism is the case. This, he argues, provides an opening for information to be downwardly causal in the universe, whether high-level supervenient events such as conscious percepts or a concept, such as that of a 'home-run' in a baseball game, or 'voting' in a democracy. Information is downwardly causal, not as a force, he argues, but by filtering out possible paths that are open at the particle level which are not consistent with informational criteria.Under 'criterial causation' (see below) only physically causal paths which are also informational causal paths are permitted to occur in the nervous system and other information processing systems, such as underlie genetic inheritance, protein formation, membrane channel formation, or social interactions such as speaking or institutional interactions. Possible physical particle-level paths which do not meet high-level informational criteria are effectively filtered out by a criterial assessment. Thus information is causal, not as a force, or via attributes such as impact or force, but is causal
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as a filter on what possibilities can become real. Criterial causation: <mask> gets around the impossibility of self-causation (i.e. of informational events altering their own physical basis) by positing what he has variously called 'parameter-,' 'pattern-,' 'phase-' or 'criterial causation'. According to <mask>, Science and Philosophy have overly focused on 'active' modes of causation, such as Newtonian energy transfer among billiard balls. He points out that manipulationist and interventionist conceptions of causation, such as those of Woodward, have largely neglected the 'passive' causal efficacy of manipulations of parameters for responses to subsequent inputs.For example, a neuron tuned to 'dog' at one moment can be reparameterized to respond optimally to 'cat' in subsequent input by altering the chains of synaptic weights that feed driving input into that neuron. The neural code: <mask> argues that thinking of the neural code as one where neural spikes trigger neural spikes, much like billiard balls triggering motion in other billiard balls, is misleading and incomplete. He argues that the neural code is in fact as much a synaptic reweighting (i.e. informational reparameterization) code as it is a code based on neural spikes or action potentials. <mask> argues that criterial causation offers a middle path between the extremes of determinism, where one's decisions and their consequences were 'set in stone' ages before one was even born, and informationally unconstrained indeterminism, where decisions happen randomly, for no reason at all. He argues that David Hume was wrong when he wrote "tis impossible to admit of any medium betwixt chance and an absolute necessity." The middle path between the two is afforded by criterial causation.For example, if commanded to think of a woman politician, people will name whichever one comes to mind first. But if the universe could be rewound to the moment of the command, they might have generated a different name, say 'Margaret Thatcher' this time instead of
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'Angela Merkel'. This was not utterly random, since it had to meet the criteria of being a woman and a politician, but it was also not determined, and might have turned out otherwise. Free will: <mask> argues that discussants often argue past each other because they have different underlying definitions of the term 'free will'. If one has (1) a 'low-octane' definition according to which one's decisions and intentions can influence one's subsequent actions uncoerced by external forces or intentions, one can believe that free will is compatible with determinism, because nowhere in this definition is it required that events have the possibility of turning out otherwise. However, if one has a (2) 'mid-octane' definition, where this requirement must be met, then, by definition, one must hold that free will is incompatible with determinism, where there is only one possible unfolding of events. One must also be an incompatibilist under (3) a 'high-octane' definition of free will, which Tse also terms 'metafree will', according to which one must have the capacity not only to choose among possible courses of action as in (2), but to choose among possibilities that entail becoming a different kind of chooser in the future.<mask> argues that the human brain realizes both types (3) and (2) free will, whereas other animals, such as a tiger, realize type (2) only. As such, <mask> is an incompatibilist regarding definitions (2) and (3), and a compatibilist regarding definition (1). He believes indeterminism is the case, so falls in the camp of Free Will Libertarianism along with philosophers such as Robert Kane. For example, a tiger seeing a tapir in the Sumatran jungle can internally weigh various possible paths toward capturing the tapir given criteria such as path and effort minimization and stealth maximization. But no tiger thinks to itself, "next year I want to become a different kind of tiger, one that eats fewer tapirs and more pangolins." A human, in contrast, can envision future possible selves, weigh their
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merits, and then choose to become a desired self, and with effort realize such a self. For example, a person may desire to learn a foreign language, envision learning numerous possible foreign languages, deliberate among them, weighing various pros and cons, and then select, say, 'Swahili'.After a year of hard work, a person can have transformed their nervous system into a new type of nervous system and mind, namely, one that can now process Swahili inputs and produce Swahili outputs. As such, Tse views the human imagination to be the central engine of free will, when combined with the physical and motivational wherewithal to realize imagined futures. In contrast, he has argued that the Libet experiments (where preceding brain activity can be used to decode picking this versus that option, such as turning left versus right, or the timing of an event, such as a finger motion, before a person becomes conscious of willing) are largely irrelevant to free will, because free will is rooted in imaginative deliberation and choosing, not picking among arbitrary and meaningless alternatives. Libet's picking paradigm also misses the fundamental importance of willpower in realizing envisioned future paths or future selves, where, for example, a person can envision numerous possible flying machines, but then must also have the determination and perseverance to build that machine, and thereby transform the world, as the Wright brothers did. Similarly, he has dismissed Wegner's claims that there is no free will with the statement, "Just as the existence of visual illusions does not prove that all vision is illusory, the existence of illusions of conscious agency does not prove that conscious operations cannot be causal of action in certain cases." References
External links
<mask> <mask>, Dartmouth College Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences
EPSCor Attention Consortium
1962 births
Living people
American neuroscientists
Cognitive neuroscientists
Dartmouth College alumni
Dartmouth College faculty
Harvard
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<mask> (born October 27, 1975) is a Canadian actor. He has played dozens of characters on television, most notably in science fiction and fantasy genres. His career in the world of voice-over and performance capture is extensive, with roles in film, television, and video games, and voice-overs in animations and commercials. Career
Acting
<mask> graduated from high school in 1994 and went on to obtain a diploma of college studies in theater from Dawson College in Montreal, in 2000. In 2001, he moved to New York City. After a little over a year, and a handful of off-on Broadway and fringe festival plays, he returned to Canada. Toufexis acted in small television roles at first, eventually playing Morton in the made-for-television film The Five People You Meet in Heaven, based on a book by Mitch Albom.He then played Webber in an episode of Supernatural. <mask> followed this with his second appearance on Smallville as the character Bronson, who can travel between radio frequencies and who kidnaps Lex Luthor. His third character on Smallville was Emil Lasalle, a.k.a. Warp, a member of the Suicide Squad from DC Comics. He has since played the "villain of the week" on shows like Criminal Minds, The Listener, Painkiller Jane, Flashpoint, Flash Gordon, Stargate Atlantis, Lost Girl, and Houdini & Doyle. He has also appeared on The Expanse, where he plays two major characters. In season one, he plays the role of Kenzo Gabriel, the spy that joins the crew of the Rocinante.In season two, he portrays, via performance capture, the role of the hybrid creature or "The Seventh Man". Voice and motion capture
Toufexis began his video game voice-over and performance-capture career in 2006 with Need for Speed: Carbon. Two of his most popular characters are Andriy Kobin and Adam Jensen. Kobin is one of the villains in Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Conviction, where Toufexis developed a cult following due to his manic and humorous performance. He
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reprised the role, this time as a main supporting character, in a far more expanded role, in Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Blacklist. Adam Jensen is the main character in Deus Ex: Human Revolution; Toufexis' wife, Michelle Boback, had a major supporting role in this game as scientist Megan Reed. Toufexis has publicly stated that he is a fan of the Deus Ex series, particularly the one released in 2000.The actor was cast to play the protagonist of Far Cry 3, Jason Brody. However, he was replaced by another voice actor, Gianpaolo Venuta, after he worked on the role for two years, as the publisher of the game did not want players to confuse Brody with Jensen. He played the lead role in Far Cry Primal, a spin-off of the Far Cry series. <mask> reprised his role as Jensen in Deus Ex: Mankind Divided, a sequel to Human Revolution. On February 28, 2018, Toufexis announced on Twitter that he was voicing a character in the new BattleTech video game by Harebrained Schemes, stating that he had sought out a role and was accepted. That character was later revealed to be Commodore Samuel Ostergaard of the Taurian Concordat Navy, a primary antagonist in the game. Filmography
Animation
Anti-Hero as Auspex (voice)
Blood of Zeus as Seraphim (voice)
Max Steel: Bio Crisis as Iago (voice)
Max Steel: Dark Rival as Iago (voice)
The Legend of Sarila as Kauji (voice)
Live-action
Against the Wall as O'Leary
Alphas as Cornell Scipio
Ascension as Mark Hayes
Ba'al as McCulloch
Bitten as Joey Stillwell
Blade: The Series as Young Donny Flannigan
Bloodsuckers as Officer Brackish
Brilliant as Adam
Conduct Unbecoming as Captain Cannon
Connor's War as Captain
Criminal Minds as Dustin
Crisis Point as Scott Sanders
Da Vinci's Inquest as Constable Dan Archibald
Dead Like Me as Brian
Decoys as Roger
Engaged to Kill as Sullivan
Eureka as Adam Barlowe
FBI as Curt Williams
Flash Gordon as Rundle
Flashpoint as Danny Lucic
Fries with
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Sandra Cason "<mask>" <mask> (born October 31, 1937), was an American radical student activist and civil rights worker in the 1960s. Recognized for her defense of direct action in the struggle against racial segregation, in 1960 she was an early recruit to Students for a Democratic Society (SDS). With Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) in Mississippi <mask> was a strategist and organizer for the 1964 Freedom Summer. In the internal discussion that followed its uncertain outcome, she clashed with the SNCC national executive. <mask>'s vision was of a "radically democratic" movement driven by organizers in the field. In defending grassroots organization she believed she was also advocating for the voice of women. In "Sex and Caste" (November 1965), a reworking of an internal memo they had drafted with other SNCC women, <mask> and Mary King drew "parallels" with the experience of African-Americans to suggest that women are "caught up in a common-law caste system that operates, sometimes subtly, forcing them to work around or outside hierarchical structures of power."Since regarded as a bridge connecting civil rights to women's liberation, <mask> describes its publication as her "last action as a movement activist." In the decades since, she has continued to acknowledge the civil-rights struggle of the era as the forerunner for women, and for all those, who have taken up "the idea of organising for themselves." Early life
<mask> was born Sandra Cason on October 31, 1937, in Austin, Texas, as a fourth-generation Texan. She was raised in Victoria, Texas, in a "“multigenerational matriarchal family”—by her mother, Eula Weisiger Cason ("the only divorced woman in town"), her mother's sister, and her grandmother. An unconventional arrangement, she believed it cultivated in her from the outset an affinity for those on the margins. Campus activist
In 1957 Cason enrolled as junior at The University of Texas. She moved out of campus dorms into the Social Gospel and racially integrated Christian Faith and Life
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Community, and as officer of Young Women's Christian Association and member of the Social Action Committee of the university's Religious Council was soon engaged in civil-rights education and protest.Continuing from 1959 as a UT English and philosophy graduate student, she participated in a successful sit-in campaign to desegregate Austin-area restaurants and theaters. In a dramatic intervention at the National Student Association convention in Minneapolis in August 1960, Cason turned back a broadly supported motion that objecting to sit-ins would have denied support to the fledgling Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). “I cannot say to a person who suffers injustice, ‘Wait,’ And having decided that I cannot urge caution, I must stand with him.” Among the delegates who, after a moments silence, gave her a standing ovation were SDS president Alan Haber, who, as she recalls, "scooped" her up, and <mask> editor of University of Michigan student newspaper. Stirred by her "ability to think morally [and] express herself poetically," he followed her into Haber's new left-wing grouping. At the SNCC second coordinating conference in Atlanta in October 1960, Cason reported herself transfixed by the idea of the Beloved Community as espoused by James Lawson and Diane Nash of the Nashville Student Movement. With the SNCC in the South
In the summer of 1961 Cason moved to New York City and lived with <mask>. In a ceremony invoking Albert Camus--"I, on the other hand, choose justice in order to remain faithful to the world"—they married in October, and then moved to Atlanta."Godmother of the SNCC" Ella Baker had hired Cason (now <mask>) for a YWCA special project, travelling to southern campuses to conduct integrated race-relations workshops (secretly in the case of some white schools). She also worked in the SNCC office on, among other projects, preparations for the Freedom Riders who were to challenge non-enforcement of the United States Supreme Court decision Boynton v. Virginia (1960). In December, as Freedom
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Riders themselves, the <mask>s were arrested in Albany, Georgia. It was from the jail cell that <mask> began drafting what was to become the Port Huron Statement, adopted by the SDS at its convention in June 1962 in Ann Arbor, Michigan. With <mask> elected SDS president for the 1962–1963 academic year, and <mask> heeding the SNCC call to return to Atlanta, they separated, divorcing in 1965. While she had had the reputation in the SDS of being "one of the boys," much of the discussion within the SDS inner circle struck her as young men posturing. Her heart was with the SNCC where, consistent with the focus on action, greater value was placed on building relationships, and where women, Black women, spoke out.In 1963, <mask> moved to Mississippi where, along with Doris Derby, she was asked to begin a literacy project at Tougaloo College in an all-black community outside Jackson. The comparative safety of the college was a consideration: out in the field the increased visibility she brought as a white woman was a risk not only to herself, but also to her comrades. But it was also important to <mask> that the "request was specifically made" because of her background in English education:
As a Southerner, I considered the Southern Freedom Movement Against Segregation mine as much any one else's. I was working for my right to be with who I chose to be with as I chose to be with them. It was my freedom. However, when I worked full time in the black community I considered myself a guest of that community, which required decency and good manners, as every Southerner knows. I considered myself a support person; my appropriate role was to provide support from behind the lines, not to be a leader in any public way.It was not that within SNCC she did not have a "right to leadership" but that "it would have been counterproductive." Not being "a leader in any public way," however, did not leave <mask> feeling in any way excluded. Although she appears quicker to recognize the advantage it was to her as a woman in the movement
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than to her as a "guest" in the community, <mask> noted that because of "the participatory, town-hall, consensus-forming nature of the SNCC operation" being "on the Executive Committee or a project director didn't carry much weight anyway." Her ability to make decisions and to control her own work was not a matter of formal position. In 1964 she became organizer and strategist for Freedom Summer and for the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party in the challenge they were to mount to the seating of the all-white regulars at the 1964 Democratic National Convention. She explains that in those roles:
I did the work all the way up and down. That means I did my own typing and mimeographing and mailing and I also did my own research and analysis and writing and decision making, the latter usually in conversation with other staff.As we said at the time, both about our constituencies and ourselves, "The people who do the work should make the decisions." There were no secretaries in SNCC, with the exception of Norma Collins in the Atlanta office, so there was no office hierarchy. I was at the center of the organization, unlimited except by my own choices and challenged at every turn to think and do and grow and care. However, it is the recollection of Elaine DeLott Baker that when she joined <mask> in Jackson just the month before Freedom Summer, the era when "the beloved community" operated "in a space beyond race and gender" was already being spoken of with nostalgia.There was a hierarchy in place that determined the definition of the "people" in the phrase, "Let the people decide". There was an unspoken understanding of who should speak up at meetings, who should propose ideas in public places, and who should remain silent. [It] was not the traditional hierarchy, it was a hierarchy based on considerations of race, the amount of time spent in the struggle, dangers suffered, and finally, of gender . . . —black men at the top of the hierarchy, then black women, followed by white men, and at the bottom, white women."Women,
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black and white," still retained "an enormous amount of operational freedom, they were indeed the ones that were keeping things moving." But as people began to debate the direction the movement should take "in the post-freedom summer reality," there was "little public recognition of that reality." At the end of the summer, <mask> describes everyone in the movement "reeling from the violence," from the impact of "the new racial imbalance" following the influx of white-student volunteers, and from "the lack of direction and money." Most of all they were staggered to find the Democratic Party "in the role of racist lunch counter owner refusing entrance to the MFDP at the Atlantic City convention. The core of SNCC's work, voter registration, was open to question." As an opportunity to take stock, to critique and reevaluate the organization, a retreat in Waveland, Mississippi was organized for November. "Sex and Caste"
Among the Position Papers circulated at Waveland, number 24 ("name witheld by request") opened with the observation that the "large committee" formed to present "crucial constitutional revisions" to the staff "was all men."Although <mask> and another Ella Baker YWCA protégé, Mary King, were soon outed as authors, a number of women in the Jackson office contributed to the drafting. Elaine DeLott Baker recalls King, in her "organized style," summarizing the discussion, while <mask>, with her "impressive intellect and commitment," "helped us see how the feminist readings that fuelled our discussions related to our experiences as women in the movement." <mask>, for her part, remembers DeLott Baker writing the opening section ("a list of complaints about inequality of access to leadership on the part of women in SNCC"), and "as we thought about parallels between being black" of helping to draw this out. "Assumptions of male superiority," the paper proposed, "are as widespread and deep rooted and every much as crippling to the woman as the assumptions of white supremacy are to the Negro," so that many women,
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"give themselves up to that caricature of what a woman is-- unthinking, pliable, an ornament to please." <mask> insists that there was never a demand that the SNCC broaden its brief to "take women's roles on as an issue." The movement, in her view, "had enough to do." Rather the "express purpose" in circulating the memo among SNCC women "was to create conversations among us about what mattered to us, strengthening the bonds between us which sustained us, and thus strengthening the movement from within."With so many women themselves "insensitive" to the "day-to-day discriminations" (who is asked to take minutes, who gets to clean Freedom House), the paper had concluded that "amidst the laughter" discussion was perhaps the best that could be hoped for. At the time, and in "the Waveland setting," <mask> regarded the entire intervention as "an aside." In the new year, she was to reconsider. Seeking to further "dialogue within the movement," <mask> drafted an extended paper, finalized a version with Mary King, and then circulated it to 40 other women of whom 29 (16 black women, 12 white women, and one Latina) had strong ties to SNCC. Notwithstanding its subsequent reputation as a "key text of second-wave feminism," in what she persisted in calling "A Kind of Memo" <mask> avoided the feminist language that she and her friends had learned from reading Simone de Beauvoir, Betty Friedan and Doris Lessing. Within "the framework of human rights and civil liberties at the time . . . women's rights had no meaning, indeed they did not exist."Instead she continued to rely on the movement's own rhetoric of race relations:
There seem to be many parallels that can be drawn between treatment of Negroes and treatment of women in our society as a whole. But in particular, women we've talked to who work in the movement seem to be caught up in a common-law caste system that operates, sometimes subtly, forcing them to work around or outside hierarchical structures of power which may exclude them. Women seem to be placed in the same
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position of assumed subordination in personal situations too. It is a caste system which, at its worst, uses and exploits women. In November 1965, <mask> had the paper published in Liberation, the bi-monthly of the War Resisters League, the title Sex and Caste being suggested by the editor by David McReynolds. It was, <mask> has pointed out, her "last action as movement activist." In the fall of 1965 <mask> had been in a difficult position.Like some other white SNCC veterans after Freedom Summer she "took a stab at white organizing." Officially on loan from the SNCC, <mask> worked with the SDS in Chicago organizing displaced Appalachian women into a welfare recipients union, a foot soldier in <mask>'s vision of an "interracial movement of the poor." It was hard and, because of male violence, at times dangerous. She realized it was "foolhardy" to organize women alone and on her own. She needed help, and this was motive for revisiting the original memo She was also at a point at which it was clear that there was no going back to the SNCC she had known. Break with SNCC leadership
At an April 1965 SNCC Executive Committee meeting in Holly Springs, Mississippi, <mask> was labelled a "floater," a "derisive term for staff members who were viewed as too independent from the leadership structure." Although at times raucous, the reception of the paper on women may not have been the immediate issue.<mask> had authored, and owned to, another paper at Waveland the previous November, a "Memorandum on Structure. "—her own contribution on the question of constitutional revision. SNCC executive secretary James Forman had questioned Martin Luther King Jr.'s top-down leadership style at the Southern Christian Leadership Conference Yet by the close of 1964 he was increasingly insistent on the need within the SNCC for "structure." <mask> conceded that at this point "there was no way to make a decision." In the absence of a command structure "there was no regular communication between Atlanta and the organizers. We had been flying by
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the seat of our pants for years." Through the committee Forman put forward a plan for a decision making structure that "spoke to the structural needs of the Atlanta office."Bob Moses countered with a paper that "spoke to the structural needs of organizers." <mask>'s attempt, as she saw it, was "to get us through the impasse." She agreed the need for structure, "basically" Forman's, while seeking to maintain "both SNCC's central allegiance to programmatic control by organizers in the field and respect for the way we had organically developed, the ways we actually operated." Her plan went along with Forman's proposal to constitute the staff as the Coordinating Committee (the campus sit-in groups that comprised the original Committee had largely evaporated in the move to voter registration). But she hedged it round with various sub-committees and provisos to ensure that "leadership for all our programs" would continue to be driven from the field and not from central office "which makes many program areas responsible to one person rather than to all of us." This still suggested too loose, too confederal a structure for the party-political direction on which Forman and others were now travelling. At first this was toward the project of a Southwide Freedom Summer that, independent of the manpower and publicity of white volunteers, would build a "Black Belt political party" that could write its "own voting bill."Later, and after a decision in 1966 to organize embattled ghettos in the North, it was toward a coast-to-coast "Black United Front." This was to be forged through a merger (from which Forman and the majority did, ultimately, pull back) with the Black Panthers: Stokely Carmichael as "Prime Minister", James Forman as "Foreign Minister." <mask> had couched her proposals in gender-neutral terms, but she did believe that it was in a grassroots organization that women's voices would be most influential. Whether or not it was uppermost in her mind at the time, she later reflected that "patriarchy was an issue." At
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her last SNCC meeting in November 1965, <mask>, "at dinner," told both Forman and Chairman John Lewis that the "imbalance of power in SNCC" was such that they would both need to step down if the movement was to remain "radically democratic." In the meeting itself, her notes record that <mask> did not speak in defense of her position that a "looser structure" was not "'no structure,' but [a] different structure" because, she concluded, "no one would have listened." Later years
After 1965 <mask> worked for the New York Department of Welfare for a couple of years before moving to a rural Vermont commune with some other Mississippi veterans.She studied Zen Buddhism, and had two children with Dondald Campbell Boyce III, a "yogi carpenter" who helped <mask> and others establish the Integral Yoga Institute of San Francisco in 1970. In 1981, <mask> was back in Atlanta working for the voter-education, voter-registration Southern Regional Council. Later, she worked in the mayoral administration of Martin Luther King Jr.'s former lieutenant, Andrew Young, as an administrative aide in the Department of Parks, Recreation and Culture. In 1994 she married her partner Paul Buckwalter (1934-2016), with whom, in Tucson Arizona, she had care of seven stepchildren. A veteran of the 1968 Poor People's March on Washington and of community organizing with the Industrial Areas Foundation, Buckwalter was an Episcopalian priest and a leader in the Sanctuary movement. In 2010 <mask> spoke out against Arizona SB 1070, a state measure that criminalizes the movement by outlawing the shelter and transport undocumented immigrants. It was "the most obvious example," she commented, of "Fortress America, the right wing's answer to the real issues we all face: 'We’ve got it and we are keeping it and we’ll shoot you if you try to get any of it.'"Reflections
In 1986, <mask> was interviewed with regard to Freedom Summer by researchers for the PBS television series Eyes on the Prize. She was not asked about the issues raised by Sex and Caste but was
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pressed on black-white division within the SNCC Mississippi operation, particularly in the light of calls for Black Power and black separatism. She allowed that there was an understandable degree of frustration, even resentment, felt by the local black staff, "the backbone" of the project, in having to deal "with a lot of young white people who were intellectual and moneyed." Calls for Black Power only came later, after Freedom Summer, and were in great measure a reaction, she believed, to continued political exclusion, something which the refusal to accredit the MFDP at the Democratic convention had dramatically symbolized: "it was like, if you won't let us in, we'll do our own thing." Division of any kind, however, was not her abiding memory of the movement. Rather it was the feeling of being "part of a visionary community which really transcended race and really was integrated," and whose later dissipation continued to be felt as "a great loss." It was also "a lot of fun.""We were all out there doing whatever we thought up to do. We were totally self-directed people, and very few people have that experience." The "direction" travelled with the movement in the South "put a lot of people in touch with themselves and the idea of organizing for themselves, so it spun off into anti-war organizing, and women's organizing and so on." There was also what <mask> called "the long suits of the black community in the South," the "patience and spirituality." This was something she believed northern black intellectuals tried to "tap into" and that she felt she and others also "picked up on." References
[[Category:
American women activists]]
American civil rights activists
University of Texas at Austin College of Liberal Arts alumni
1937 births
Living people
Members of Students for a Democratic Society (1960 organization)
American political activists
American social activists
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
Freedom Riders
American feminists
Women civil rights activists
20th-century American women
21st-century
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<mask> (13 March 1915 – 28 November 2002) was a Turkish writer whose poetry stands outside the traditional literary movements. He also wrote in many other genres which, over six and a half decades, included eleven collections of poems, eight plays, eight novels, fifteen collections of essays, several of which won major literary awards. He also translated several books from diverse languages into Turkish. Biography
<mask> was born in Istanbul in 1915 and lived there until his parents moved to Ankara in 1931. He graduated from Gazi High School and for a while began studying sociology in Belgium on a State Railways scholarship but had to return home in 1940 after the German invasion. Between 1942–51 he worked as a publication consultant for the Ministry of Education in Ankara and then as a city librarian. During this time he began his career as a journalist for several newspapers.After 1954, he worked as a teacher for the Istanbul Municipal Conservatory. Between 1964 and 1969, <mask> served on Turkish Radio Television’s Board of Directors. After he retired from his position in the Conservatory in 1977, <mask> was assigned to UNESCO Headquarters in Paris as Cultural Attaché until recalled after a change of Government. Literary career
As a poet, <mask> was one of the leaders of the Garip movement, which also included Orhan Veli and Oktay Rifat. According to the preface of their joint collection, published in 1941, poetry should abandon the formalism and rhetorical classical style of previous centuries, making itself simple, colloquial, and matter of fact—an artless art designed
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to serve the common people. However, present there even then was an uneasy acknowledgement of French Surrealism, and <mask> official recognition. In particular his play Mikado’nun Çöpleri (The Mikado Game) earned him several awards: Most Successful Playwright of the 1967–1968 Drama Season; the İlhan İskender Prize; Ankara Art Lovers Foundation for the Best Playwright in 1971–1972. Another play, Ölümsüzler ya da Bir Cinayetin Söylencesi (The Immortals or the Legend of a Murder) won the Enka Art Prize in 1980. His poetry collection Teknenin Ölümü (Death of the Boat) won the 1978 Sedat Simavi Foundation Literature Prize, and Ölümsüzlük Ardında Gılgamış (Gilgamesh Beyond Death) gained the 1981 Türkiye İş Bankası Prize.In 1971 UNESCO honoured him among other outstanding European authors. He also received the TÜYAP Honour Prize for 1991 and the 2000 Aydın Doğan Foundation’s Literature Award. In 1994 the sculptor Metin Yurdanur cast a seated statue of him in bronze which is now sited in the park named after him at Ören on the Gulf of Gökova. Bibliography
Poetry
Garip (Odd, 1941) with Orhan Veli and Oktay Rifat
Rahatı Kaçan Ağaç (The Disturbed Tree, 1946)
Telgrafhane (Telegram Office, 1952)
Yan Yana (Side by side, 1956)
Kolları bağlı Odysseus (Odysseus Bound, 1963)
Göçebe Denizin Üstünde (On the Nomad Sea, 1970)
Teknenin Ölümü (The death of a Boat, 1975)
Sözcükler (Words, 1978)
Ölümsüzlük Ardında Gılgamış (Gilgamesh Beyond Death, 1981)
Güneşte (In the Sun, 1989)
Yağmurun Altında (Under the Rain, 1995)
Seçme Şiirler (Selected Poetry, 1997). Novels
Aylaklar (The
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Vagabonds, 1965)
Gizli Emir (The Secret Command, 1970)
İsa'nın Güncesi (The Diary of Christ, 1974)
Raziye (1975)
Yağmurlu Sokak (Rainy Street, 1991),
Meryem Gibi (Like Mary, 1991)
Birbirimizi Anlayamayız (We Cannot Understand Each Other, 1992). Book-length translations include the novel Aylaklar into Bulgarian (Sofia 1966) and poetry selections into French: Ulysse Bras Attachés et autres poèmes, (Poésie-Club UNESCO, Paris, 1970) and Offrandes 1946–1989 (Editions UNESCO, 1998). US selections of poetry include On The Nomad Sea, (Geronimo Books, New York, 1974); Rain One Step Away, (Charioteer Press, Washington, DC, 1980); Silent Stones: Selected Poems of Melih Cevdet Anday (Northfield: Talisman House, 2017).The last of these, translated by poets Sidney Wade and Efe Murad, was winner of the 2015 Meral Divitçi Prize. Sources
1.M.C.ANDAY. "EI" Magazine of European Art Center (EUARCE) of Greece, 8st issue 1994, p.11 & 38-39
See also
Garip Movement
List of contemporary Turkish poets
References
External links
"A poem in the manner of Karacaoğlan", translations by Sidney Wade and Efe Murad in "Asymptote" sections 1 and 4; sections 6-8
"Voice", a translation by Sidney Wade and Efe Murad in "Guernica"
"Garip: A Turkish Poetry Manifesto", a translation by Sidney Wade and Efe Murad in "Critical Flame" The Critical Flame
8 poems
Eight poems in A Brave New Quest: 100 Modern Turkish Poems, Syracuse University Press 2006
"Silent Stones: Selected Poems of <mask> <mask> <mask>",
1915 births
2002 deaths
People from Istanbul
Turkish poets
20th-century poets
Cultural
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<mask><mask> (born November 1, 1942) is an American medical toxicologist and pediatrician. His primary clinical and research interest has been in clinical toxicology with a special interest in acetaminophen poisoning. Since 2014 he is Emeritus Professor of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. Early years and education
<mask><mask> was born in Chicago, Illinois on November 1, 1942. He grew up in Whitefish Bay, Wisconsin and graduated from Whitefish Bay High School in 1960. In 1964, he graduated from the University of Chicago with a Bachelor of Science in Microbiology in 1964. In 1968, Rumack completed medical school at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, where he received his M.D.He was a Clinical Research Fellow at the National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Baltimore Cancer Center in the section of Neurosurgery and a Research Fellow with Jordan Holtzman, MD, PhD in the Section of Pharmacology. In 1971, he returned in 1971 to the University of Colorado to complete a pediatric residency and then did a fellowship at the University of Colorado School of Medicine in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology. During the second half of 1973 he was clinical fellow with Dr. Henry Matthew MD at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh in Edinburgh, Scotland. He developed a significant interest in acetaminophen and along with Professor Matthew collected 34 cases of overdose and combined them with 30 previously published cases in creation of a nomogram relating blood level to time of ingestion. That was then published in 1975 and is used worldwide in the assessment of acetaminophen overdose treatment as Rumack–Matthew nomogram. Academic career
In January 1973, Rumack joined the faculty of the University of Colorado School of Medicine as
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Assistant Professor of Pediatrics. He has been with the university ever since and was named Emeritus Professor of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics in 2014.In 1973, <mask> developed Poisindex, one of the first commercial databases, which could retrieve diagnosis and treatment data for a vast variety of poisonous substances. Published first on microfiche and later on CD-ROM it became the standard software used by the majority of poison control centers in the US and globally. In January 1974, he became the Director of the Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center (now Denver Health Medical Center) and served in this role until his retirement in 1992. His early work at the center was focused on developing a regional resource for poison information and treatment. Part of that work involved the development of Poisindex. Within that system an International Mushroom Toxicology Classification system was developed. Similar systems for plants and snakes were also incorporated.Having such technical advantage, Rumack established a hotline at the Rocky Mountain Poison & Drug Center Rumack, where every poison enquiry could be answered within 30 to 50 seconds. The Kansas City Star 1978 feature story noted that the center "has become a technical prototype for similar operations around the country". In 1973, he and co-authors published a paper examining hepatic drug metabolism and malnutrition. This paper was based on extensive work with monkeys who were also assessed for cognitive and other functions in separate publications and forms the metabolic basis for the understanding of the importance of correcting malnutrition during early brain development. This work is utilized today as part of the basis for the United Nations emergency feeding programs. In 1976, along with co-authors he published a paper regarding unrecognizable
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salicylate intoxication which revealed numerous missed cases of aspirin poisoning in patients who were thought to have metabolic acidosis of unknown origin. In September 1976, he began a protocol and was the principal investigator of the use of n-acetylcysteine for the treatment of acetaminophen overdose as part of a National Multiclinic Study which collected and published the largest series of acetaminophen cases ever collected in The New England Journal of Medicine in 1988.This treatment, now given intravenously, has been the standard approach to this overdose to this day worldwide. In 1978, together with Emanuel Salzman <mask> co-authored Mushroom Poisoning:diagnosis and treatment, which had a second edition in 1994 with David Spoerke as a co-author. In 1980, he was portrayed in the movie Airplane! (1980) as Dr. <mask> (played by Leslie Nielsen), who took care of passengers on the plane with food poisoning. In 2008, in a testimony at court he explained that he used to live in Milwaukee next door to filmmakers David and Jerry Zucker and they took his name for the movie role. In May 1989, Rumack visited Georgia as part of a three experts team commissioned by Physicians for Human Rights to investigate a possible use of toxic gas during the April 9 tragedy. He was able to identify the gas as chloropicrin which is an illegal war gas utilizing a mass spectrometer at the Tbilisi State Medical University.In 1999, he was doing a sabbatical at the Food and Drug Administration when he was asked to evaluate safe levels for exposure to methylmercury in pediatric vaccines. Rumack developed a pharmacokinetic model to analyze the amount of mercury to which infants were being exposed and found that mercury levels at Thiomersal-containing vaccines were far exceeding safety guidelines established by EPA, FDA and ATSDR.
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Unfortunately, the FDA did not share this information with the public. <mask> has continued with academic work at the University of Colorado School of Medicine both teaching and doing research. His most recent publications were focused on the use of fomepizole as a treatment for delayed and massive ingestions of acetaminophen (Akakpo 2019, Kang et al. 2019, Adkakpo et al. 2020.).Selected Publications
Selected books
Awards and recognition
<mask> received three highest American career achievement awards in the field of clinical toxicology: an Annual Recognition Award from the American Association of Poison Control Centers (1985), Matthew J. Ellenhorn Award from the American College of Medical Toxicology (2001) and the Career Achievement Award from the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology (2011). His work was also recognized by the Clinton Thienes, M.D., Award from the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology (1991) and by Honorary Doctorate from the Jagiellonian University (1995). References
External links
<mask><mask> profile on WorldCat Identities
<mask><mask> publications on Google Scholar
<mask><mask> profile on VIAF
<mask> <mask> profile on ResearchGate
Living people
1942 births
American toxicologists
University of Colorado faculty
University of Colorado fellows
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health alumni
University of Colorado School of Medicine
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<mask> (born 17 March 1989) is a Swedish professional ice hockey centre and alternate captain for the Calgary Flames of the National Hockey League (NHL). <mask> was a first round selection, 24th overall, of the Flames in the 2007 NHL Entry Draft, and made his NHL debut in 2008–09. He played junior hockey for VIK Västerås HK in the J20 SuperElit and the Kelowna Rockets of the Western Hockey League (WHL). He was a member of Kelowna's WHL championship team in 2009. Internationally, <mask> has represented Sweden on several occasions—he was a member of two silver medal-winning teams at the World Junior Championship, and has won a bronze, silver and gold medals with the Swedes at the World Championship. Playing career
Västerås HK
Backlund began his junior hockey career with the VIK Västerås HK organization in the J20 SuperElit, Sweden's premier junior league. His impressive two-way play earned him the opportunity to play for Västerås' senior team in the second-tier HockeyAllsvenskan as a 16-year-old.In his debut on 2 November 2005, during an away game against Växjö Lakers, <mask> scored a goal in the first period of a 4–0 win and was selected as the player of the game for his team. He tallied four points in his 12 games in HockeyAllsvenskan during the 2005–06 season. That same season, <mask> was dominant in the 2006 TV-pucken, a national under-17 tournament in Sweden played among districts. Leading the tournament in goal- and point-scoring, he was selected as the most valuable player and given the Sven Tumba Award as best forward in the tournament. <mask> played another two seasons for Västerås HK, splitting time in the J20 SuperElit and HockeyAllsvenskan. During this time, he was selected in the first round, 24th overall, by the Calgary Flames in the 2007 NHL Entry Draft. Scouts had ranked him second amongst European skaters.Following the 2007–08 season, <mask> signed an entry-level contract with the
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Flames. He impressed during the rookie camp but was not as successful during the main training camp, and started the 2008–09 season playing on loan for Västerås back in HockeyAllsvenskan. After his success in the 2009 World Junior Championships, he returned to Calgary and made his NHL debut on 8 January 2009, in a 5–2 win against the New York Islanders. Soon thereafter, the Flames assigned him to the Kelowna Rockets of the Western Hockey League (WHL) for the remainder of the 2008–09 season. Competing for the Rockets in the 2009 WHL playoffs, <mask> tied teammate Jamie Benn for the League lead with 13 goals in 19 games as Kelowna defeated the Calgary Hitmen in the final to win the Ed Chynoweth Cup. Calgary Flames
<mask> began the 2009–10 season with the Flames' American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Abbotsford Heat. On 26 January 2010, he was called up to play on the NHL squad, and scored his first NHL goal on 28 January against the Phoenix Coyotes.He split the season between the AHL and NHL, scoring 32 points in 54 games in Abbotsford, and ten points in 23 games with Calgary. Though he spent most of the 2010–11 season in Calgary, <mask> struggled offensively early, and after scoring just eight points in his first 32 games, was sat out of six consecutive games as a healthy scratch before being sent to Abbotsford on a brief conditioning stint. He appeared in 73 games for the Flames, scoring ten goals and 25 points. Injuries plagued <mask> throughout 2011–12. He was expected to centre the Flames' top line between Jarome Iginla and Alex Tanguay, but suffered a broken finger in training camp that twice required surgery to repair and caused him to miss the first six weeks of the season. He then suffered a shoulder injury in a mid-February game while attempting to confront a Vancouver Canucks player he felt had injured a teammate. The injury ended his season, and in 41 games, he scored only 11
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points.Following the season, the Flames re-signed <mask> to a new contract for the 2012–13 season, a one-year deal worth US$725,000. However, with the season's start delayed by a labour dispute, <mask> returned to Sweden for the balance of the lockout. He re-joined Västerås and appeared in 23 games for the team, scoring 12 goals and 30 points before returning to North America after a new deal between the NHL and its players was reached. His performance with Västerås provided a confidence boost for <mask>, who said that he wanted to return to Calgary and "show everybody I can play way better." <mask> enjoyed a solid NHL season upon coming back to Calgary, missing 16 games but still managing to post one point every two games on average for the first time in his career. His eight goals and sixteen points were eighth and tenth on a rebuilding Flames team which badly missed the playoffs. In July 2013, the Flames signed <mask> to a two-year, $3 million contract extension.That season, he recorded the best totals of his career in every offensive category, finishing third on the Flames in goals (18) and fourth in points (39). While the team around him regressed to the worst finish in team history, <mask> asserted himself as one of its top offensive threats. In 2014–15, <mask> faltered slightly, suffering through injuries and trade rumours; however, the Flames surprisingly skyrocketed up the standings en route to their first playoff berth in six years. <mask>'s 10 goals and 27 points were just 11th and 12th on the Flames, but he only played 52 games in the regular season. He continued struggling into the playoffs, only recording 1 goal and 1 assist in 11 games played. However, the one goal <mask> scored was an important one, as it came in overtime of Game 3 of the Flames' second-round series against the Anaheim Ducks to give Calgary their first win past the first round in 13 years. On 20 June 2015, <mask>
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signed a three-year, $10.725 million contract extension with Calgary.Put on a line with free-agent acquisition Michael Frolík, <mask> enjoyed his most productive year yet in 2015–16, passing the 20-goal and 40-point plateaus for the first time in his career. His final totals were 21 goals and 26 assists for 47 points. While contributing significantly in the offensive zone, <mask> also established himself as a defensive catalyst, forming a tag-team on the penalty kill with Frolík; together, the two of them combined for five short-handed goals in the season. <mask> finished first on the team in the plus/minus column, sporting a +10. <mask> kept improving in 2016–17, turning into one of the NHL's premier two-way players. At the discretion of new head coach Glen Gulutzan, rookie Matthew Tkachuk was slotted in on the left side of <mask> and Frolík, forming a line dubbed by fans and media as the "3M Line". Matthew, <mask> and Michael formed one of the most potent lines in the NHL in 2016–17, combining for 145 points, the most of any Flames line.Contributing the most offense to that line was <mask>, who once again eclipsed his career-highs by posting 22 goals and 53 points, good for second and third on the Flames. He also played well past the regular season, posting a goal and two assists in four playoff games. However, it was <mask>'s defensive work that began to receive recognition around the NHL in 2016–17, as he finished fourth in voting for the Frank J. Selke Trophy, awarded each year to the NHL's best defensive forward. On 16 February 2018, <mask> signed a six-year contract extension with the Flames. International play
<mask> played for Sweden at the 2006 World U18 Championships, scoring one goal in three games. In 2007, he led Sweden to a U18 bronze medal when he scored a natural hat-trick in an 8–3 win over Canada in the bronze medal game. He led the tournament in goal-scoring with six goals in six
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games.<mask> was a member of the Swedish junior team that won back-to-back silver medals in the 2008 and 2009 World Junior Championships, losing to Canada in both instances. He scored the game-winning goal in overtime in the 2008 semi-final against Russia. The next year, he recorded a two-goal game in the semi-final against Slovakia. After being eliminated in the second round of the AHL playoffs in 2010, <mask> was invited to play for Sweden's men's team at the World Championships, accepting the offer. Despite being left off the initial roster, <mask> was invited to the 2016 World Cup of Hockey as a replacement for injured Henrik Zetterberg on 1 September. <mask> is the captain of the Swedish team, and helped to win the gold at the World Championships in 2018. Personal life
<mask> is charitably active in both Calgary and Sweden.In Calgary, he is a spokesman for both the Special Olympics and the Kid's Cancer Care Foundation. Since 2013, he has donated $150 to the latter charity for each NHL point he records. He has also listed the ALS Society of Alberta has his charity of choice, and in partnership with KPMG, donates $200 for every point he earns. In Sweden, <mask> participated in the Ride for Hope bicycle race and raised $27,000 for charity. The Flames recognized his charitable efforts by naming him the 2014 recipient of the Ralph T. Scurfield Humanitarian Award. <mask> married his fiancée Frida Engström in Sweden on 11 August 2018. Together, the couple have a daughter and a son.Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
Awards and honours
References
External links
1989 births
Living people
Abbotsford Heat players
Calgary Flames draft picks
Calgary Flames players
Expatriate ice hockey players in Canada
Kelowna Rockets players
National Hockey League first round draft picks
Sportspeople from Västerås
Swedish ice hockey centres
Swedish expatriate sportspeople in Canada
VIK
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<mask> (; born ) is an American actress and businesswoman. She is the recipient of various accolades, including an Academy Award, a Golden Globe Award, two Screen Actors Guild Awards, and a Primetime Emmy Award. <mask> gained notice for her early work in films such as Seven (1995), Emma (1996), Sliding Doors (1998), and A Perfect Murder (1998). She garnered wider acclaim for her performance as Viola de Lesseps in the romantic historical fiction film Shakespeare in Love (1998) which won her several awards, including the Academy Award for Best Actress. This performance was followed by roles in The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999), The Royal Tenenbaums (2001), Shallow Hal (2001), and Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow (2004). After becoming a mother, <mask> significantly reduced her film workload. She made occasional appearances in films, such as Proof (2005), for which she earned a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama.In 2009, <mask> received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Spoken Word Album for Children for the children's audiobook Brown Bear and Friends. In addition, she won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for her guest role as Holly Holliday on the Fox musical comedy-drama television series Glee in 2011. From 2008 to 2019, <mask> portrayed Pepper Potts in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. Beginning in 1995, <mask> has been the face of Estée Lauder's Pleasures perfume; she was previously the face of the American fashion brand Coach. She owns the lifestyle company Goop and has authored several cookbooks. Early life
Gwyneth <mask>
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was born on September 27, 1972, in Los Angeles, to actress Blythe Danner and film producer-director <mask>. She has a younger brother, Jake, who is a director and screenwriter.<mask>'s father was Jewish, while her mother is from a Christian background. She was raised celebrating "both Jewish and Christian holidays." Her brother had a traditional Bar Mitzvah when he turned 13. Her father's Ashkenazi Jewish family emigrated from Belarus and Poland, while her mother has Pennsylvania Dutch (German) as well as some Irish and English ancestry. Paltrow's paternal great-great-grandfather was a Rabbi in Nowogród, Poland, and a descendant of the well-known <mask>icz family of rabbis from Kraków. She is a half-cousin of actress Katherine Moennig, through her mother, and a second cousin of former U.S. Congresswoman Gabby Giffords (AZ-08) through her father. Through Giffords, she is a second-cousin-in-law of U.S.Senator Mark Kelly of Arizona. Her godfather is director Steven Spielberg. Her uncle is opera singer and actor Harry Danner, whose daughter, actress Hillary Danner, is <mask>'s cousin and close friend. <mask> recalls their family gatherings: "Hillary and I always had this in common, and to this day ... cooking for people we love, eating, hanging out as a family. It's how we were raised. It's what we do." Another cousin is Rebekah <mask> Neumann, whose spouse is the Israeli-American millionaire Adam Neumann, founder of WeWork.<mask> was raised in a very wealthy household, and lived in Santa Monica, California, where she attended Crossroads School, before enrolling in the Spence School, an all-girls private school in
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Manhattan. Later, she studied art history at the University of California, Santa Barbara, before dropping out to act. She is an "adopted daughter" of Talavera de la Reina (Spain), where at 15, she spent a year as an exchange student and learned to speak Spanish. She is also conversant in French, as her family frequently traveled to the South of France throughout her childhood. Career
Early work (1989–1995)
Her career beginnings can be credited to her acting family, as her acting debut was in High (1989), a TV film her father directed, and after spending several summers watching her mother perform at the Williamstown Theatre Festival in Massachusetts, Paltrow made her professional stage debut there in 1990. Her film debut followed with the musical romance film Shout (1991), starring John Travolta, and she was cast by her godfather Steven Spielberg in the commercially successful adventure feature Hook (1991) as the young Wendy Darling. <mask>'s next roles were in one episode of the Scottish soap opera Take The High Road (1992) and the made-for-television movies Cruel Doubt (1992) and Deadly Relations (1993).Her first plum feature film role was in the noir drama Flesh and Bone (1993) as the much-younger girlfriend of James Caan. Janet Maslin of The New York Times described <mask> as a scene-stealer "who is Blythe Danner's daughter and has her mother's way of making a camera fall in love with her." In 1995, she starred in the thriller Se7en, as the wife of a young detective (Brad Pitt), who is partnered with the retiring William Somerset (Morgan Freeman) and then tasked with tracking down a serial killer who uses
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the seven deadly sins as tropes in his murders. The seventh-highest-grossing film of the year, Seven also earned her a nomination for the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress. She appeared in Moonlight and Valentino, as a grieving chain-smoker, and in Jefferson in Paris, portraying Martha Jefferson Randolph. Breakthrough and critical success (1996–2001)
In 1996, Paltrow played the title character in the period film adaptation Emma, based on the 1815 novel of the same name by Jane Austen. Director Douglas McGrath decided to bring in Paltrow to audition for the part of Emma Woodhouse, after a suggestion from his agent and after seeing her performance in Flesh and Bone.On his decision to cast the actress, McGrath revealed: "The thing that actually sold me on her playing a young English girl was that she did a perfect Texas accent. I know that wouldn't recommend her to most people ... I knew she had theater training, so she could carry herself. We had many actresses, big and small, who wanted to play this part. The minute she started the read-through, the very first line, I thought, 'Everything is going to be fine; she's going to be brilliant.'" While she recovered from wisdom-tooth surgery, <mask> had a month to herself to do her own research for the part; she studied horsemanship, dancing, singing, archery and the "highly stylized" manners and dialect during a 3-week rehearsal period. The film was released to critical acclaim and commercial success through arthouse cinemas.Variety proclaimed: "<mask> <mask> shines brightly as Jane Austen's most endearing character, the disastrously self-assured matchmaker Emma
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Woodhouse. A fine cast, speedy pacing, and playful direction make this a solid contender for the Austen sweepstakes." <mask> starred in the crime film Hard Eight. 1998 marked a turning point in <mask>'s career as she took on leading roles in five high-profile film releases in the yearGreat Expectations, Sliding Doors, Hush, A Perfect Murder and Shakespeare in Love. In the adaptation of the Charles Dickens novel Great Expectations, also starring Ethan Hawke, Robert De Niro, Anne Bancroft and Chris Cooper, she played the unrequited and haughty childhood love of a New York City painter. The British drama Sliding Doors saw her star as a woman whose life could take two central paths depending on whether or not she catches a train, causing different outcomes. Great Expectations and Sliding Doors both grossed over $55 million worldwide.<mask> starred opposite Jessica Lange in the thriller Hush, as an unsuspecting woman living with her psychotic mother-in-law. The film made $13.5 million domestically and was generally panned by critics. In another thriller, A Perfect Murder, inspired by Alfred Hitchcock's 1954 film, Dial M for Murder, <mask> starred alongside Michael Douglas, playing Emily Taylor, who was based on Grace Kelly's character from the original film. Despite a mixed critical response towards A Perfect Murder, the film grossed $128 million globally. She was also considered for the role of Rose DeWitt Bukater in the 1997 film Titanic. Her most critically acclaimed role in the year was that of the fictional lover of William Shakespeare in Shakespeare in Love, opposite Joseph Fiennes in the titular part.
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Entertainment Weekly commented, "Best of all is <mask> <mask>, who, at long last, has a movie to star in that's as radiant as she is."The New York Times summed up her performance as Viola thus: "<mask> <mask>, in her first great, fully realized starring performance, makes a heroine so breathtaking that she seems utterly plausible as the playwright's guiding light." Shakespeare in Love made $289 million in box office receipts, and won <mask> the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role, Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Comedy or Musical, and Academy Award for Best Actress, among other honors. The pink Ralph Lauren dress she wore to the 71st Academy Awards in collecting her Oscar was extremely popular and was credited for bringing pink back into fashion. In 1999, <mask> co-starred alongside Jude Law, Matt Damon and Cate Blanchett in the psychological thriller The Talented Mr. Ripley, as the fiancée of a rich and spoiled millionaire playboy (Law) whose identity is adopted by a con artist (Damon). While The Guardian, noting the "very underwritten" female roles in the story, found her to be "peaky and pallid", the film received positive reviews and grossed $80 million in North America. She showcased her singing ability in 2000s Duets, which was directed by her father and co-starred singer Huey Lewis. In the film, about "the little known world of karaoke competitions and the wayward characters who inhabit it", she portrayed the estranged daughter of a hustler (Lewis).She performed a cover version of Smokey Robinson's "Cruisin', which was released
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as a single and went to number one in Australia, while her rendition of the Kim Carnes classic "Bette Davis Eyes" reached number three. Also in 2000, Paltrow co-starred with Ben Affleck in the moderately successful romantic drama Bounce as Abby Janello. She starred with Jack Black in the comedy Shallow Hal (2001), about a shallow man falling in love with an overweight woman. To play her role, she had to wear a specially designed 25-pound fatsuit and heavy makeup. Shallow Hal opened with $22.5 million and grossed $70.7 million in North America and $141.1 million around the globe. Roger Ebert remarked that she was "truly touching" in the film, which he described as "often very funny, but ... also surprisingly moving at times." In the Wes Anderson dramedy The Royal Tenenbaums (2001), co-starring Gene Hackman, Anjelica Huston, Ben Stiller and Luke Wilson, Paltrow took on the role of the adopted daughter in an estranged family of former child prodigies reuniting with their father.A positive critical response greeted the film upon its release, and it made $71.4 million worldwide. Career fluctuations (2002–2007)
In 2004, it was noted that since her Oscar win for Shakespeare in Love, <mask>'s film career had been less noteworthy and critical acclaim had waned. She said she was unequipped for the pressure, leading to several bad film choices, agreeing with peers who believe the win is, in some ways, a curse. During this time, <mask> rarely appeared in films, having taken a hiatus to raise her two children. In The Guardian, she said she divided her career into movies for love and films for money: The Royal Tenenbaums,
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Proof, and Sylvia fell into the former category, while she signed on to View from the Top and Shallow Hal for the latter. In 2002, <mask> made small appearances in the documentary Searching for Debra Winger and the action satire comedy Austin Powers in Goldmember, while she starred in the thriller-drama Possession with Aaron Eckhart as a couple of literary scholars who unearth the amorous secret of two Victorian poets as they find themselves falling under a deepening connection. The film made a lukewarm $14.8 million worldwide.In the following year, she headlined the romantic comedy View from the Top, where she obtained the part of woman from a small town who sets out to fulfill her dream of becoming a flight attendant. Budgeted at $30 million, the film only earned $7 million in its opening weekend; it eventually grossed $15.6 domestically and $19,526,014 worldwide. She herself later disparaged the film, calling it "terrible". <mask> starred as the titular role in Sylvia (2003), a British biographical drama directed by Christine Jeffs and co-starring Daniel Craig chronicling the romance between prominent poets Sylvia Plath and Ted Hughes. Distributed for a limited release in most markets, Sylvia made $2.9 million internationally. The New York Times, in its review for the film, wrote that "her performance goes well beyond mimicry. She has a vivid, passionate presence, even when her lively features have gone slack with depression and her bright blue eyes have glazed over."In 2004, she starred with her The Talented Mr. Ripley co-star Jude Law and Angelina Jolie in the science fiction film Sky Captain and the World
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of Tomorrow. Her role in the film was Polly Perkins, the reporter for the fictional New York Chronicle. Law became one of the producers of the film and used his clout to get <mask> involved. Once she had been suggested for the role, Law did not remember "any other name coming up. It just seems that she was perfect. She was as enthusiastic about the script and about the visual references that were sort of put to her, and jumped on board." She said in an interview, "I thought that this is the time to do a movie like this where it's kind of breaking into new territory and it's not your basic formulaic action-adventure movie."While critical response was positive, with a budget of $70 million, Sky Captain only grossed $58 million at the international box office. Also in 2004, she was recognized as an outstanding woman in entertainment by Women in Film Los Angeles with the Crystal Award. In the drama Proof (2005), she starred as the depressed daughter of a brilliant, eccentric mathematician (played by Anthony Hopkins). The film was based on the play of the same name, in which <mask> also played the same character at London's Donmar Warehouse between May and June 2002. On her portrayal in the film version, Eye for Film remarked: "As she has already shown in Sylvia, The Royal Tenenbaums and even Sliding Doors, Paltrow has an uncanny talent for playing women who are coming apart at the seams and her [character] veers from lovably eccentric to more disturbingly unhinged and back again with fluent ease. The scenes, which she and Hopkins share, as two difficult people bound together by affection, dependency, and mutual
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respect, are entirely believable and all the more touching for it." For her performance, <mask> received her second Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama.Paltrow filmed small roles for the 2006 films Love and Other Disasters, Running with Scissors and Infamous, where she sang Cole Porter's "What Is This Thing Called Love?" Her brother <mask> directed her in his feature debut, the romantic comedy The Good Night (2007), in which she starred opposite Penélope Cruz, Martin Freeman, Danny DeVito and Simon Pegg as the wife of a former keyboard player (Freeman). The film received a two-theater run in North America and garnered mixed reviews from critics. View London felt the actress was "clearly only playing her part as a courtesy to her director brother and it just makes you wish she'd go back to playing lead roles again." Marvel Cinematic Universe and acting hiatus (2008–present)
Paltrow saw a resurgence in her career in 2008, when she was cast in Iron Man as Pepper Potts, Tony Stark's personal assistant, closest friend, and budding love interest. First hesitant to appear in a big-budget project, Paltrow asked Marvel to send her any comics they would consider relevant to her understanding of the character, whom she considered to be very smart, levelheaded, and grounded. She said she liked "the fact that there's a sexuality that's not blatant."The director Jon Favreau wanted Potts and Stark's relationship to be reminiscent of a 1940s screwball comedy, something which <mask> considered to be fun in an "innocent yet sexy" way. Iron Man was favorably received by critics, and with a
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worldwide gross of $585 million, it became <mask>'s highest-grossing film until The Avengers (2012). She reprised her role in the sequels Iron Man 2 (2010) and Iron Man 3 (2013). While the second film grossed $623.9 million internationally, the third entry went on to gross $1.215 billion. She also reprised the role in Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017), Avengers: Infinity War (2018) and Avengers: Endgame (2019). <mask> starred opposite Joaquin Phoenix in the romantic drama Two Lovers (2008), playing the beautiful but volatile new neighbor of a depressed bachelor. Two Lovers premiered in competition at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival in May, receiving largely positive reviews, especially for <mask>'s and Phoenix's performances; Los Angeles Times felt that "Phoenix is at his best with Paltrow's bruised sparrow of a girl; he's desperate to take care of her when he can't even take care of himself.She is one of those actresses who understands the power of a look, and the one of regret and then resignation that overtakes her when Leonard professes his love is steeped in sadness." The film was an arthouse success, grossing $16 million worldwide. In the musical drama Country Strong (2010), she starred as an emotionally unstable country music star who attempts to resurrect her career. She recorded the song "Country Strong" for the film's soundtrack, and it was released to country radio stations in August 2010. The film received mediocre reviews and grossed a modest $20.2 million in North America. The consensus of review-aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes was: "The cast gives it their all, and Paltrow handles her songs with
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aplomb, but Country Strongs clichéd, disjointed screenplay hits too many bum notes." At the 83rd Academy Awards, Paltrow performed another song from the film, "Coming Home," which was nominated for Best Original Song.<mask> made her first scripted television appearance on Fox's Glee, as substitute teacher Holly Holliday, who fills in for Matthew Morrison's character when he falls ill. Her role was developed by co-creator Ryan Murphy, a personal friend of <mask>'s, who suggested that she showcase her vocal and dancing abilities ahead of the release of Country Strong. In her first episode, "The Substitute," she sang "Nowadays" from the musical Chicago with Lea Michele, CeeLo Green's "Forget You", and a mash-up of "Singin' In the Rain" and Rihanna's "Umbrella" with Morrison and the rest of the cast. Her debut on Glee attracted significant buzz and positive commentary from critics; she won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series. Indeed, at the time, Entertainment Weekly Tim Stack and E! Onlines Kristin dos Santos called her appearance Emmy-worthy, with the former rating it among her best performances, and the latter stating that Holly received "some of Glee best-ever one-liners." She later performed "Forget You" with CeeLo Green himself and several puppet characters provided by The Jim Henson Company at the 2011 Grammy Awards.She reprised her role twice more that season, performing "Do You Wanna Touch Me (Oh Yeah)" by Gary Glitter, an acoustic version of "Landslide" by Fleetwood Mac, "Kiss" by Prince, and Adele's "Turning Tables." <mask> was briefly featured in Glee: The 3D Concert
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Movie after being filmed while she performed "Forget You" as Holly in the 2011 Glee Live! In Concert! tour performances of June 16 and 17, 2011. Later that year, <mask> appeared in Steven Soderbergh's film Contagion, featuring an ensemble cast consisting of Marion Cotillard, Kate Winslet and her The Talented Mr. Ripley co-stars Matt Damon and Jude Law. The thriller follows the rapid progress of a lethal indirect contact transmission virus that kills within days. <mask> played Elizabeth Emhoff, a "working mom" and one of the virus' first victims.Contagion received positive reviews and opened atop at the North American box office with $23.1 million; it went on to gross $75.6 million domestically and $135.4 million worldwide. She reprised her role of Pepper Potts in The Avengers (2012), which set numerous box office records, including the biggest opening weekend in North America; it grossed over $1.5 billion worldwide, becoming <mask>'s most widely seen film. Also in 2012, she starred in the independent romantic dramedy Thanks for Sharing, opposite Mark Ruffalo as people learning to face a challenging and confusing road as they struggle together against sex addiction. Distributed for a limited release in certain parts of the United States, the film garnered mixed reviews and grossed $1 million domestically. Paste magazine noted that her role "exhibits some of the same obsessive diet and exercise habits that <mask> herself has been accused ofa kind of meta character trait that balances the power in [the main roles'] budding relationship." In April 2013, <mask> was named People magazine's annual "Most Beautiful
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Woman." In 2014, she had a two-episode arc in the improvised online series Web Therapy, as Maya Ganesh, "a new-age caricature."In 2015, she starred in Mortdecai, alongside Johnny Depp, Olivia Munn, and Paul Bettany. In it, she portrayed the wife of an unscrupulous art dealer and swindler (Depp). Budgeted at $60 million, the film only grossed $7.7 million in North America and $47.3 million internationally. <mask> was featured on the track "Everglow", which was included in Coldplay's seventh studio album A Head Full of Dreams (2015). In June 2017, <mask> announced that she would take a break from acting to focus on her business Goop, stating: "I'm still going to do a little bit here and there, but [the company] really requires almost all of my time." In 2019, <mask> reprised her role as Pepper Potts in Avengers: Endgame. That same year, she played a supporting role in the Netflix comedy-drama series The Politician, playing the mother of Ben Platt's character.In October 2021, Netflix released Sex, Love, and Goop, a sex therapy-themed series produced by and starring <mask>. Other ventures
Philanthropy and politics
<mask> is a Save the Children artist ambassador, raising awareness about World Pneumonia Day. She is on the board of the Robin Hood Foundation, a charitable organization that works to alleviate poverty in New York City. In October 2014, she hosted a Democratic fundraiser attended by President Barack Obama at her private residence in Los Angeles. In May 2019, <mask> and actor Bradley Whitford hosted a fundraiser for Democratic presidential candidate Mayor Pete Buttigieg. In April 2020, <mask>, along with
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other celebrities, discussed the COVID-19 pandemic with Dr. Anthony Fauci on a one-hour-long zoom call. Fauci hoped the celebrities would use their social media "megaphones" to encourage proper precautions among their followers.Audiobooks
In 2009, <mask> narrated the audiobook The Brown Bear & Friends by Bill Martin Jr., the first of a series of children's audiobooks that she narrated. The Brown Bear & Friends audiobook earned <mask> a Grammy Award nomination for Best Spoken Word Album for Children. Since, she has also narrated Bill Martin's Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What Do You See?, Baby Bear, Baby Bear, What Do You See?, Panda Bear, Panda Bear, What Do You See?, and Polar Bear, Polar Bear, What Do You Hear?. Fashion
In May 2005, Paltrow became the face of Estée Lauder's Pleasures perfume. She appeared in Chicago on August 17, 2007, to sign bottles of the perfume, and on July 8, 2008, she promoted Lauder's Sensuous perfume in New York with the company's three other models. Estée Lauder donates a minimum of $500,000 of sales of items from the 'Pleasures Gwyneth Paltrow' collection to breast cancer research. In 2006, she became the face for Bean Pole International, a Korean fashion brand and in 2014, she partnered with Blo Blow Bar, teaming up with the brand's creative branch.Goop
In September 2008, <mask> launched the weekly lifestyle newsletter Goop, encouraging readers to 'nourish the inner aspect'. Goop has expanded into a web-based company, Goop.com. According to <mask>, the company's name came from someone telling her that successful internet companies have double O's in their name, and "is a nickname, like
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the medical and scientific misinformation it presented. On January 27, 2020, Truth in Advertising watchdog (TINA.org) filed a complaint with the district attorneys of California alleging that Goop has continued to engage in deceptive marketing.TINA.org's complaint alleges that Goop claims their products are "clinically-proven" to treat such symptoms as anxiety, depression, OCD and more. In January 2021, it was announced that <mask> was an early investor in Thirteen Lune, an e-commerce site focused on makeup, skincare, haircare and wellness products owned by people of color and ally brands. In April 2021, Goop became Thirteen Lune's first ally brand. Food
In October 2007, <mask> signed for the PBS television series Spain... on the Road Again, which showcases the food and culture of Spain. In 2008, <mask> co-wrote the book Spain... A Culinary Road Trip with Mario Batali. In 2011, she wrote a book titled My Father's Daughter: Delicious, Easy Recipes Celebrating Family and Togetherness. That same year she penned the book Notes From the Kitchen Table.Two years later she published a book titled It's All Good: Delicious Easy Recipes That Will Make You Look Good and Feel Great, which promoted an elimination diet that is unsupported by medical evidence. Included in that book was a recipe for avocado toast which was widely copied and adapted as part of a 2010s food trend. Also in 2013, <mask> wrote a foreword for a book by Ross Matthews, Man Up! Tales of My Delusional Self-Confidence. In 2016, <mask> published a cookbook: It's All Easy: Delicious Weekday Recipes for the Super-Busy Home Cook. Negative reaction by a group
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