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ultimately raising $5k USD from fans (15% of the money received after the $5k goal was reached went to the charity Food From the Heart) and further funding the project with $20k SGD of her own money. In an interview with Music Weekly, <mask> explained the album's concept: "I realised that the majority of my songs are usually inspired by the people I know in my life, as opposed to 'fiction-writing'. The songs were inspired by my friends who practically grew up together with me ("Touch of an Angel"), songwriting friends ("The Letter That Never Came"《来信》), ex-relationships, crushes, and... my husband ("Soulmate" 《灵魂伙伴》)!”
The People I've Known received generally positive reviews from several critics. Today Online's Christopher Toh gave the record a 3.5 / 5 rating, and said "(Khoo's) emotive vocal delivery works wonderfully on ballads such as The Letter That Never Came."Power of Pop observed that Khoo was back in her element as an indie songwriter, and said "(The People I've Known) demonstrates <mask>'s astute understanding of the soft rock dynamics of the Seventies (which forms the core of Mando-pop). Crucially, <mask> is much more than a pretty face and pleasing voice – she is a serious songwriter in her own right!" Title track "The People I've Known" was nominated for Best Local Lyrics at the 2013 Singapore Hits Awards (新加坡金曲奖). At the time The People I've Known was recorded, Khoo considered it her final album according to an interview with Today Online. However, she also conceded that she will miss the challenge, saying "But I know that I will miss the whole thing: Producing, recording, sharing of my originals, the whole indie marketing thing, and the feeling of going against all odds as an indie artist". Beautiful Purpose
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(Single)
<mask> wrote and performed the 2013 Miss World Singapore theme song, "Beautiful Purpose." Awards
Discography
TV
Performances
<mask> performed publicly for the first time as an independent artist in August 2008 at the NUS UCC Theater Hall for the launch of her EP 'Lonely Afternoon'.Since then, she has been invited to perform at a number of notable venues, events, and festivals. In 2009, Khoo was invited to perform for several countries' delegates, including Hillary Clinton, at the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation meetings. In March 2012, <mask> represented Singapore in Hong Kong Asian Pop Music Festival. She was also a featured performing artist at the Spring Wave Singapore 《春浪新加坡》in May 2013. In August 2014, <mask> was also invited to represent Singapore in "The Harmony of Chimes" in Bangkok, a concert put up by the Bangkok Symphony Orchestra for the Asean Economic Community (AEC). Entrepreneurial Endeavors
A Little Dream
In 2002, <mask> and friends founded A Little Dream, an agency responsible for booking musical artists at events like weddings. The agency has booked thousands of events and currently has upwards of 50 performers.The Storyteller Wave
The Storyteller Wave was a music production company set up by Bevlyn in 2013. It provides music production services for TV music, music albums and wedding songs. <mask>'s latest project was Jump Class （跳班）, a comic-series turned serial drama by renown comic author Johnny Lau. Other than helming the role of the music producer for the series, she also composed the theme songs 《跳》and 《天天是好天》and all the musical songs in episode 6. References
Living people
1979 births
Hwa Chong Junior College alumni
Singaporean people of Chinese descent
21st-century Singaporean women
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<mask>giorno (; born 9 November 1974) is an Italian theatre and film actress. Early life
Mezzogiorno was born in Rome, 9 November 1974, a daughter of actors <mask> and Cecilia Sacchi. She grew up watching her parents on set. At first, she wanted to become a ballerina, and she studied dancing for 13 years. After her father's death when she was 19, Mezzogiorno moved to Paris, where she attended the stages by Arianne Mnouchkine and worked for two years at the Peter Brook Workshop. She made her stage debut with the role of Ofelia in Qui est là, based on Shakespeare's Hamlet. The play toured various European cities.She received the Premio Coppola-Prati 1996, the jury was presided over by theatre critic Franco Quadri. One year later, she made her film debut in Il viaggio della sposa (The Bride's Journey), written by and starring Sergio Rubini. Mezzogiorno was awarded the Targa d'Argento as the New Talent in Italian Cinema, she was also given the Grolla d'oro, and the Globo d'Oro by the Foreign Press Association and the Premio Flaiano as Best Actress of the 1997 - 1998 season. Career
In 1998, she starred in the film Del perduto amore directed by Michele Placido, with Fabrizio Bentivoglio and Sergio Rubini (she was awarded the Nastro d'Argento, the Ciak d'Oro and Premio Pasinetti as best actress in a starring role) and, for the Italian National Television Network RaiDue, in a film made-for-TV Più leggero non basta ("A lighter burden to bear") in the role of a young girl with muscular dystrophy, directed by Elisabetta Lodoli with
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Mogadiscio).She also starred in France in the Holocaust-period TV drama Entrusted, directed by Giacomo Battiato, with Klaus Maria Brandauer, Thomas Brodie-Sangster and Steven Moyer, based on Loup Duran's best-seller. In Italy, she starred in the film La finestra di fronte ("Facing windows") directed by Ferzan Özpetek, costarring Massimo Girotti and Raoul Bova. This film, critically acclaimed and a box office success, earned her a lot of awards: the David di Donatello, the Ciak d’Oro, the Nastro d'Argento, the Globo d'oro by the Foreign Press, the Flaiano Award, the Karlovy Vary Award as "Best Actress in a Leading Role". Lately, she starred in the film L’amore ritorna, directed by Sergio Rubini, costarring Fabrizio Bentivoglio and Margherita Buy. She was also working in France, on the set of her first comedy: Au secours, j'ai 30 ans, directed by Marie-Anne Chazel, with Pierre Palmade. Then, in 2004, Giovanna worked in the TV movie Virginia (La monaca di Monza), directed by Alberto Sironi. She then returned to the theatre, working with the director Piero Maccarinelli in 4.48 Psicosi, written by Sarah Kane.In 2005, La bestia nel cuore ("Don't Tell"), directed by Cristina Comencini, was an Academy Award candidate for Best Foreign Language Film and earned <mask> one of the most important international prizes for an actress: the Coppa Volpi, previously won by Shirley MacLaine, Gong Li, Isabelle Huppert, Catherine Deneuve and Sophia Loren. Then in 2006, she acted in AD Project, a sci-fi thriller by Eros Puglielli, and acted in
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<mask> (born November 22, 1973) is an American designer, theoretician, theorist and founder of Mark Foster Gage Architects in New York City. He is a tenured associate professor and former assistant dean, from 2010 to 2019, at the Yale University School of Architecture where he has been on the faculty since 2001. His academic expertise is in the field of aesthetic philosophy. Background and education
<mask> holds a B.Arch. with a second major in Art History from the University of Notre Dame and a M.Arch. from Yale University. <mask> spent his years as a student surrounded by some of the most notable architects of the twentieth-first century.He was a protegee of Robert A. M. Stern and studio assistant to Frank Gehry. Career
After completing his graduate studies at Yale University in 2001, <mask> <mask> joined the university’s faculty where he currently holds positions as a tenured Associate Professor of Architecture and an Assistant Dean in the Yale School of Architecture. There he teaches a plethora of upper level design courses and courses on ruination, or the process and implications of architectural decay. <mask> <mask> founded Mark Foster Gage Architects in 2002 as a firm dedicated to creating buildings that blend new technologies with novel design practices which place emphasis on aesthetics. <mask> was described as "the Most Prolific Architect of Buildings That Don't Exist" in the title for a Surface Magazine article on his work and career, a light-hearted jab the architect takes no offense to. <mask> often speaks to the fact that the vast majority of his and his firm's designs go unconstructed, treating the unbuilt as proof that the twenty-first century field of architecture must reexamine its core values. In a 2012 press interview with Designers & Books, conducted to promote his then recently published book Aesthetic Theory: Essential Texts for Architecture
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and Design, <mask> refers to himself as being "old-fashioned" due to his beliefs on the relationship between architectural form and symbolic meaning.<mask> makes a thinly veiled critique of ‘starchitect’ Santiago Calatrava’s World Trade Center Transportation Hub in New York City when asserting in the same interview that "some of our most celebrated architectural projects are celebrated for reasons that have nothing to do with the building itself—rather, they represent a bird or some other conceptual idea. My book is aimed at challenging the dominant practice of only justifying our work conceptually, in abstract terms." <mask> has been referred to by "The Spectator" magazine (London), as "the most decoratively radical architect at work today." His most recognized projects include his 2015 proposal for 41 West 57th Street, a 102-story skyscraper that a developer requested, which drew wide attention; however, the developer never built the structure. <mask> actualizes his thoughts about the need to challenge abstraction as the pinnacle of good design through a practice he refers to as kitbashing. Kitbashing typically refers to model train enthusiasts who combine parts from multiple model train kits to create their own unique train; <mask>, however, employs the term to refer to the process of combining basic and unrelated figures into cohesive adornments for his buildings. <mask>'s designs are created by compiling 2-D and 3-D images which he and his team find through simple Google searches which he thinks of as a kind of recycling process: giving the images the team kind's new life in his designs.<mask> proposed and designed the original Times Square Valentine's Day heart in 2009; a design competition for the Times Square heart has since become an annual event. <mask>'s work has been exhibited in numerous museums internationally including the MoMA, The Museum of the
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Art Institute of Chicago, The High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The National Gallery of Art in Japan, Hiroshima City Museum of Contemporary Art, Frac Centre-Val de Loire in France, The Franz Mayer Museum in Mexico City, and Venice Biennale, Beijing Biennale, and Prague Biennale. His work has been featured in most major architectural publications as well as Vogue, Newsweek, Fast Company, Wired, USA Today, The New York Times, New York Magazine, Harper's Bazaar, Surface, and a recent twenty-five page feature in A+U. Television coverage of his work has aired on PBS, Fox, and MTV, and he was recently the subject of a documentary segment on the Travel Channel China's program 'Go as Far as You Can' which focuses on international innovators in creative fields. <mask> also writes about architecture and design in both academic and popular formats- including books, magazines, and journal articles. Projects and proposals
Proposal for 41 West 57th St, New York City, New York (2015)
Also referred to as the Khaleesi Tower, 41 West 57th St is the most famous of <mask>'s designs. If completed the tower would stand at an imposing 1,492 feet tall, housing ninety-one residential units across 102 stories.Retail stores, a two-story ballroom, and a restaurant would inhabit a sky lounge located on the sixty-fourth floor. Visitors would not be confined to the indoors, however, as four cantilevered balconies would allow individuals to emerge from the sixty-fourth floor lounge and overlook Central Park. The location of the proposal is especially interesting with regard to its exterior due to the development of the surrounding area. The Khaleesi Tower, if constructed, would be one of many luxury residential towers built in Midtown Manhattan, referred to as Billionaire's Row. While the press described the Khaleesi Tower as a "sumptuous crust of carved and gilded forms," an "acid fever dream,"
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and "what might happen if Michelangelo was brought back to life and commissioned to design a skyscraper," the surrounding towers, like Rafael Vinoly’s 432 Park Avenue and Roger Duffy’s 252 East 57th Street have been skewered for their simple designs. <mask> himself explained that his design for the Khaleesi Tower was an attempt "to try to find a cure for the bland and featureless modern glass-box structures that you find in nearly all cities worldwide." Nicola Formichetti Store, New York City, New York (2011)
<mask> has designed a series of retail stores for fashion designer Nicola Formichetti in New York City, Hong Kong, and Beijing, which showcased selected outfits from Lady Gaga.This series of projects led to his later collaboration with Formichetti on both an outfit for Lady Gaga and a line of cosmetic products for MAC Cosmetics which were sold internationally. The Nicola Formichetti Store, a pop-up shop constructed for the 2011 New York Fashion Week, utilizes "hundreds of robotically carved mirrored facets" to create a space to display many of the fashion pieces Nicola Formichetti designed for singer Lady Gaga. Books
<mask> <mask>: Projects and Provocations (monograph). Rizzoli Press, 2018
Designing Social Equality: Architecture, Aesthetics, and the Perception of Democracy. Routledge, 2018
Aesthetics Equals Politics: New Discourses Across Art, Architecture and Philosophy. MIT Press, 2019
Aesthetic Theory: Essential Texts for Architecture and Design. W. W. Norton & Company, 2011
Composites, Surfaces and Software: High Performance Architecture, with Greg Lynn.Yale School of Architecture, 2010
References
Theorists
Architectural theoreticians
20th-century American architects
Yale School of Architecture faculty
Yale School of Architecture alumni
University of Notre Dame alumni
Living people
1973 births
People from Omaha, Nebraska
21st-century American
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<mask> (; ; September 1604 – 11 January 1679) was a Dalmatian historian, whose greatest work is De regno Dalmatiae et Croatiae ("On the Kingdom of Dalmatia and Croatia"), which includes valuable historical sources, a bibliography and six historical maps. Due to his critical approach, he is considered the founder of Croatian historiography. Born in September 1640 in Trogir in a noble family, <mask>nis confessoris episcopi Traguriensis et eius miracula [Life of St. John the Confessor, Bishop of Trogir] (1657) is an important source of Croatian, and especially Dalmatian, history between 11th and 13th centuries. His capital work is De regno Dalmatiae et Croatiae [On the Kingdom of Dalmatia and Croatia] (1662) in which he described the history of Dalmatia between the Roman times and 1480. The book contains the genealogy of Croatian dukes and kings and six historical Illyrian maps, regarded in Croatia as "the first Croatian atlas".The best known is map no. 6, Illyricum hodiernum [Present-day Illyricum], which <mask> dedicated to the Croatian ban Petar Zrinski, later included in Blaeu's Atlas Maior. In the book Memorie istoriche di Tragurio ora detto Traù [Historical testimonies about Trogir, now called Traù], he described the history of Trogir and Dalmatia to the mid 15th century. His book Inscriptiones Dalmaticae [Dalmatian Inscriptions] (1673) contains inscriptions and epigraphic monuments from Dalmatian heritage. In addition to his many other historical works, <mask> also engaged in archeology, geography, mathematics, physics, astronomy, construction and studying of ancient Christian monuments, Roman mosaics and inscriptions. He was a member of the Pontifical Croatian College of St. Jerome in whose catacombs he was buried after his death in January 1679. Today, <mask> is widely regarded in Croatia as "the father of modern Croatian historiography".Life and works
<mask> was the son of <mask> ()
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and Clara Difnico (), born in Trogir, Venetian Dalmatia (now Croatia). After some schooling in his hometown, he went to Rome, where he spent two years, and then obtained his Ph.D. in ecclesiastical and civil law in the University of Padua. He returned to Trogir, and held various offices, but he returned to Rome in 1654. There he became a member of the Fraternity of Saint Jerome, and then its president. He participated in the work of many scientific academies of his age and wrote to scientists from Dalmatia, Italy and Europe. He wrote a number of historical works in Italian and Latin. His greatest and most famous work is De regno Dalmatiae et Croatiae (The Kingdom of Dalmatia and Croatia).The book was published after the war of Candia, a critical moment for the Republic of Venice. In his book <mask> pointed out the difference between the Romance and Slavic Dalmatia, the habits of the people and the cultural borderlines. It was first printed in Amsterdam in 1666. This book provides an overview of both, the history of Dalmatia and history of Croatia, from the prehistory to the 15th century. While his predecessors and contemporaries used suppositions as much as facts, <mask> founded his estimates on genuine sources. At the end of the book, he included certain valuable historical sources and a bibliography with his comments. The book had six historical maps.One of maps, the historical map Illyricum hodiernum (today's Illyria) was dedicated by Joan Blaeu, <mask>' publisher to the Croatian ban Petar Zrinski. Since everyone was looking up to antiquity, the Zrinski believed their ancestors were Roman aristocrats. <mask> showed them that their roots reached back to the famous medieval dukes of Šubićs noble family from Bribir. <mask> participated in the dispute about the authenticity of the text of Trimalchio's Banquet by the Roman satirist Petronius, which had been found in Trogir. He also published the
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history of his home town in Memoriae istoriche di Tragurio, ora detto Trau ("Trogir in Historical Literature"; 1673). He also published a book of Roman inscriptions from Dalmatia, including the inscriptions collected by the famous Croatian poet and writer Marko Marulić. Shortly before his death, <mask> prepared the Statute of Trogir for printing.<mask> was never married. He resided in Rome until his death, and was buried there, in the Church of St. Jerome. A monument was erected to his memory in 1740. Significance
<mask> was the first Dalmatian historian who critically examined and used historical sources: documents and chronicles, inscriptions and last wills. His historical methodology was far ahead of his time. He corresponded with many famous people from Republic of Ragusa (Dubrovnik), especially Stefano Gradi, the head of the Vatican Library. His numerous letters, revealing him as a man of integrity and a skillful writer are a valuable fresco of the conditions of his time.<mask>' work, written in a lapidary and clear style, based on critical considerations, is the cornerstone of the modern historiography about Dalmatia. Today in Croatia, <mask> is considered the father of modern contemporary Croatian historiography. Works
The following are his principal published works:
De Regno Dalmatiae et Croatiae libri sex (6 vols., Venice, 1673);
Inscriptiones Dalmaticae, notae ad memoriale Pauli de Paulo, notae ad Palladium Fuscum, addenda vel corrigenda in opere de regno Dalmatiae et Croatiae, variae lectiones Chronici Ungarici manuscripti cum editis (Venice, 1673). References
External links
Ivan Lučić <mask> - father of Croatian historiography
1604 births
1679 deaths
17th-century historians
Historians from the Republic of Venice
Croatian historians
Venetian period in the history of Croatia
University of Padua alumni
People from Trogir
History of Dalmatia
Italian-language writers
Venetian
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<mask> (born 20 June 1975) is a Canadian-born chemist who studies the new reaction methods for organic synthesis with the use of catalysis. Yoon currently is a professor at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in the chemistry department. For his contributions to science, he has received numerous awards including the Beckman Young Investigator Award and National Science Foundation CAREER Award. Background
<mask> was born in Montreal, Quebec and grew up in Blacksburg, VA. As an undergraduate at Harvard University, he became fascinated by organic chemistry working in the laboratories of leading experts in contemporary asymmetric synthesis. Specifically, <mask> first experienced research in David A. Evans's lab studying stereocontrolled aldol reactions. After earning his A.B. in chemistry from Harvard in 1996, he proceeded to earn his M.S.under the guidance of Erick M. Carreira, who introduced Yoon to synthesis of complex natural products through applied photochemistry. Yoon was then accepted as Dave MacMillan's first graduate student, initially at UC Berkeley and later at Caltech, where he earned his Ph.D. investigating methods to control the stereochemistry of pericyclic reactions. He returned to Harvard in 2002 as a postdoc to research the use of hydrogen bonding urea catalysts in asymmetric synthesis in the laboratory of Eric Jacobsen. Independent career
Yoon has started his independent career in 2005 in the chemistry department at the University of Wisconsin-Madison where he has been ever since. His group specializes in studying the atomic level of control and molecular shape that can be manipulated by chemical synthesis. He has a research group that studies high energy and reactive molecules which convert into more stable molecules through chemical
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reactions. Such molecules include radicals and electronically organic triplets to more complex structures.Research
Yoon's research lab at the University of Wisconsin-Madison focuses on developing new reaction methods for organic synthesis, especially those involving transition metal photochemistry, stereocontrolling, and dual catalysis. Overview
In particular, Yoon's group aims to leverage the ability of visible light–absorbing transition metal complexes to catalyze synthetic reactions. They investigate various mechanisms of photocatalytic activation, which differ from complex to complex depending on reactivity patterns of intermediates and their ability to be activated by sources of white light, including sunlight. Traditionally, chemists have used high-energy UV light to activate simple organic molecules, but Yoon's group focuses instead on expanding the application of visible light sources to synthesize increasingly complex target molecules. By providing strategies for activation of organic substrates that do not require specialized high-pressure UV photolysis apparatuses, these procedures are rendered more environmentally-friendly and widely available to synthetic and organic chemists. Significant Developments
One notable process explored by Yoon's research is the generation of photoreductants by irradiation of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ that can initiate desired cycloaddition. The group proved [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2 to be an efficient photocatalyst for the formal [2+2] cycloaddition of enones and yields potential for development of new reaction protocols with reduced environmental impact.<mask>'s group has also researched into crossed intermolecular [2+2] heterodimerizations, proving the possibility of using two dissimilar enone substrates to successfully produce
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quenching experiments, it displays a method to estimate the length of these chains, to determine a lower limit for these chains and to diagnose inefficient initiation steps in photoredox reactions. Yoon demonstrated that the chain processes dominated the product formation of the three photoredox transformations. Awards and honors
2015 Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel Award, granted by the Alexander Von Humboldt Foundation
2013 William H. Kiekhofer Distinguished Teaching Award, presented by University of Wisconsin-Madison
2010 Eli Lilly Grantee Award, conferred by Eli Lilly & Company
2010 Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Award, granted by the Camille & Henry Dreyfus Foundation
2009 Amgen Young Investigator Award, sponsored by Amgen
2009 Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship, awarded by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
2008 Cottrell Scholar Award, presented by Research Corporation for Scientific Advancement (RCSA)
2008 Beckman Young Investigator Award, granted by the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation
2007 NSF CAREER Award, initiated through the National Science Foundation CAREER Awards
Personal life
Yoon is openly gay and has been a vocal advocate for greater inclusion of and support for diverse members of the STEM community throughout his career.<mask> is a long time member of the UW-Madison Committee on LGBT Issues, which he chaired between 2013 and 2014. He has also given numerous invited lectures on topics relating to being LGBTQIA+ in STEM. <mask> lives in Madison, Wisconsin with his husband, Michael Velliquette, who is an artist. References
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty
California Institute of Technology alumni
Harvard College alumni
Living people
1975 births
LGBT scientists
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<mask> (born 1940) is a psycholinguist currently serving as Professor of Psychology at Stanford University. His focuses include cognitive and social processes in language use; interactive processes in conversation, from low-level disfluencies through acts of speaking and understanding to the emergence of discourse; and word meaning and word use. <mask> is known for his theory of "common ground": individuals engaged in conversation must share knowledge in order to be understood and have a meaningful conversation (<mask>, 1985). Together with Deanna Wilkes-Gibbs (1986), he also developed the collaborative model, a theory for explaining how people in conversation coordinate with one another to determine definite references. <mask>'s books include Semantics and Comprehension, Psychology and Language: An Introduction to Psycholinguistics, Arenas of Language Use and Using Language. Education and academic career
<mask>, born in 1940, attended Stanford University until 1962 and received a B.A. with distinction.He attended Johns Hopkins University for post-graduate training, where he obtained his MA and his PhD, in 1964 and in 1966 respectively. The same year he finished his PhD, he completed his post-doctoral studies at the Linguistics Institute of UCLA. He has since worked at Carnegie-Mellon University, Stanford University. Scientific career
Semantics and pragmatics
<mask>'s early work explored theories of comprehension. He found that people interpret verb phrases, particularly eponymous verb phrases, against a hierarchy of information presumed to be common knowledge between the listener and the speaker. This hierarchy of beliefs is composed of
The identity of the eponym,
Acts by the eponym,
Relevant acts of the eponym, and
The type of act being referred to. For example, when a person instructed, “Do a Napoleon for the camera,” the listener would identify Napoleon, recognize acts that were done by Napoleon (such as smiling, saying ‘fromage’, or posing for paintings), and then use the context to identify the act being referred to (tucking one's hand into one's jacket.)Listeners would begin at
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level 1 with the broadest constraint and then, with each new constraint at levels 2, 3, and 4, find it easier to identify what the speaker intended as the relevant act. Listeners would proceed on a context-centered (the situation and what would be the appropriate act) or eponym-centered (the eponym what would be a relevant act) basis to get to the right meaning. Out of the requests “Please do a George Conklin for the camera,” and “Please do a Napoleon for the camera,” it would be hardest to progress past level 1 for George Conklin, presuming one may not even know who he is, and easiest to progress to level 4 for Napoleon, since of the known acts associated with him relevant ones come to mind easily. Another important finding by <mask> was that salience is necessary for two people to understand exactly what is being referred to. Napoleon did eat and sleep during his lifetime, but saying, “Do a Napoleon at the kitchen table,” to mean “eat” would create comprehension problems, because the salience of the act is limited. Irony
In his study of irony, <mask> examined the pretense theory, which states that two speakers in a conversation do not announce the pretense they make when speaking with irony, but do nevertheless expect the listener to see through it. Thus, common ground must be had by both speakers in order for the effect of irony to work.Irony contains three important features: asymmetry of affect, victims of irony, and ironic tone of voice. Asymmetry of affect speaks to the higher likelihood of making ironic positive statements (“What a smart idea!” to a bad idea) than ironic negative statements (“What a stupid idea!” to a good one). Since those who are ignorant of irony would be more likely to cling to the general tendency of seeing the world in terms of success and excellence, these are the people that ironists pretend to be. Victims of irony are the people in conversation presumed not to understand the irony, such as the person that the speaker is pretending to be, or the person that could be the listener who wouldn't understand the irony in the speech. The ironic tone of voice is the voice a
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speaker takes on in lieu of his own in order to fully convey the pretense. Ironic tones of voices tend to be exaggerated and caricatured, like taking on a heavily conspiratorial voice when discussing a widely known piece of gossip. The Mention Theory of irony states that sentences or phrases that are used in ironic speech are not being used, but are rather being mentioned.An example of this would be a person taking on the pretense of being a weatherman on the local news and saying, “What lovely weather it is! Rain, rain, and rain,” with an exaggerated enthusiastic voice and not explicit statement of whom she's referencing. The speaker would not be using a sentence, in this case, but rather she would be mentioning what she has heard the weatherman say before. Taking on the pretense of an oblivious weatherman and saying, “What lovely weather it is!” when it is storming and dark outside is making mention of a phrase previously said by weathermen and expressing contempt toward it. Speech acts
One of <mask>'s better-known studies was on how to make requests that overcome an obstacle to compliance. In making requests, speakers analyze the greatest potential obstacle they see to getting the information that they want, and frame their requests in a way that overcomes them in the easiest manner possible. They can frame the request in 3 different ways: to design an indirect request conditional on the absence or elimination of the obstacle, to make broadly applicable conditional requests, or to approach an obstacle sideways.For example, if a speaker wants to know the time of the concert he is attending with his friend, he knows his friend may not remember. He will therefore make an indirect request conditional on the elimination of the obstacle and ask, “Do you remember what time the concert is tonight?” which will mean “Do you remember what time the concert is, and can you tell me?” Therefore, if the friend does not remember, he can simply answer “no.”
The second way is illustrated in more frequent and general situations where the obstacle isn't well known or specific. So if the speaker were to ask a
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that's not a dog, that's a weasel), then A has to reissue the reference. Completing the acceptance process may take several exchanges between the speakers. <mask> later developed his theory on discourse and how each speaker, or contributor, takes part in it with his or her partners.The most important element of common ground in discourse, he found, was the mutual understanding of each utterance by all partners. If speaker A makes an utterance that he believes will create common ground with speaker B but speaker B misheard it or misunderstood it, no progress on common ground has been made. A contribution can be made in two ways: collectively and individually. Both A and B adding what A said to their common ground is a collective act. A contributing and B registering the contribution are two distinctive individual acts. Therefore, discourse does not progress until both collectively and individually the discourse partners have accepted new references and established them as common ground. If A assumes the contribution was successful and adds what he said to the common ground he may continue to build upon what he believes was established, but B has not registered the contribution correctly, then they'll have to start over until all three steps are satisfied.One assumption of this model is the principle of least collaborative effort: participants in a contribution try to minimize the total effort spent on that contribution, both in the presentation and acceptance phases. The fewer exchanges between A and B to clarify references, the more successfully the common ground is being built. Common ground and grounding
<mask> began his work in common ground with studying the references in conversation between experts and novices. To develop references in discourse, speakers try to establish the mutual belief that all speakers understand the references to a criterion that is sufficient for the purpose of continuing the discourse. In a conversation between a physician and his patient, for example, the doctor may request, “Contract your deltoid,” making reference to a technical term that the patient may not know.
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If the patient doesn't know, he will ask, “My deltoid?” and the doctor will clarify, “Raise your right arm.” If the patient does know the reference, he will comply immediately. Throughout these exchanges, speakers supply and acquire expertise.<mask> test summarized the process into 3 stages: assessing (directly or in passing finding out the expertise level of the discourse partner), supplying (experts who are addressing novices can expand their contribution to explain the reference), and acquiring expertise (novices speaking to experts acquire knowledge and fill in the gaps during conversation). Perspective is also important to the conversations between experts and novices; as experts gain more expertise their understanding of the topic becomes more broad and abstract, taking on organization that novices cannot follow. When explaining certain concepts to novices, experts also have to take on the perspectives of novices to make the most effective references. In a different study, <mask> showed how coordinating beliefs in conversation shapes the effectiveness of references. When speaker A and speaker B are conversing, the references they use build common ground and allow them to make shorter inferences upon repeated use. So while the first reference may be “the dog with the pink leash next to the birch tree,” the second reference may become “the dog near the birch tree”, and the third may be “the birch tree dog”. But when a conversation partner C only listens to the conversation between A and B and doesn't participate, the references made earlier (although he heard all of them) are not as efficient when C switches places with B.As a matter of fact, he is treated like a novice in the conversation, despite having heard A and B use the references previously. Thus speakers redevelop common ground with new partners and create new references that both were presented with and accepted. Most recently <mask> studied how speakers monitor their addresses for understanding when giving directions, making references, or developing common ground. In a study where subjects used Legos to build copies of a prototype,
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subjects were divided into builders and those who were instructing the building. Some were able to see each other clearly as well as each other's workspaces, while others’ views were obstructed in some way. The pairs of partners who could clearly see each other and the instructing and the building that was happening had more success with their process than the pairs who could not see each other. The ability to see the builder's workspace enabled the instructor to nod, point, and otherwise aid the builder in precise and efficient ways.Those who couldn't see the workspace made more errors, due to lack of affirmation by the instructor and the inability to check how successfully they were following directions. Lastly, those who listened to the instructions from an audiotape without an instructor present were even less efficient with their building. This finding demonstrated how a conversation is a collaborative process, and that speakers and listeners work together to achieve a common goal. The ability to interact to maintain common ground throughout discourse or any communicational process allows for both parties to feel like they're keeping up. Addressees and overhearers
Similarly to the Lego study, <mask> examined the differences in understanding and compliance between addressees and overhearers. In an experiment where one person told another person how to arrange 12 complex figures and a third person listened in, and all began the conversation as strangers with equal background information. Nevertheless, addressees were more accurate at following the directions and arranging the figures than the overhearers even though they heard exactly the same things.From this, <mask> concluded that the social process of interacting in conversation plays a central role in the cognitive process of understanding. If hearing the same words were enough to understand the directions, addresses and overhearers would have performed similarly. Since they did not, there is cause to conclude that understanding is part of a collaborative process. The process of grounding in a conversation happens at the point where both A
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and B find a perspective they can agree on. If C, the overhearer, understands this perspective then he keeps up; if he does not, then he is left behind. Since he's an overhearer, his understanding does not affect whether A and B continue on, and while they continue to build common ground for the remainder of the conversation, C is not following or understanding them. Disfluencies and strategies in speaking
<mask> worked with Jean E. Fox Tree to study the pronunciation of ‘the’ and ‘thee’ and their use in signaling problems while speaking.What they found was that the shorter pronunciation of ‘the’, phonetically thuh, was used far less frequently to show a problem in speech production. Only 7% of were followed by a suspension of speech due to articulation errors, word retrieval, or choice of message consideration. However, the longer pronunciation, , was used 81% of the time to signal an immediate oncoming pause. was frequently followed by a pause and reformulation of speech and could also foreshadow the use of thuh before speech resumed its regular pace. 20% of the time is used, speakers can repair the problem in time and continue without further disruption, but 80% of the time they deal with the problem by pausing, repeating the article, repairing what they were about to say, or abandoning the original plans for speech altogether. A similar study by the same researchers examined ‘uh’ and ‘um’ in spontaneous speaking. Like and thuh, um and uh signal varying degrees of delay, which um creating a major pause and uh creating a minor one.Because of how they are incorporated into speech, such as specifically put to use at certain pauses in speech, attached as clitics onto other words, and prolonged for additional meaning, they have become a part of spontaneous speech that have meaning. What they argued was that um and uh are conventional English words and speakers plan for them, formulate them, and produce them just like any other vocabulary. Joint actions
Conversations as joint projects were where <mask> explored vertical and horizontal transitions prompted by dialogue. A horizontal transition, for
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example, would be speaker A beginning a stage of a conversation about a car he and speaker B saw. Until speaker B understands the car being referenced, the exchange will be horizontal within the same joint project of understanding the reference. Once B recognizes the reference and the car is no longer the joint action of the speakers, they have made a vertical transition in dialogue. <mask> proposed that m-hm, uh-huh, yeah, yes, and yep are all horizontal markers that do not interrupt the flow of the joint activity.They are used as continuers and display to the speaker that the listener is following the exchange and the speaker still has the floor. As long as horizontal markers are used, they are allowing the current speaker to continue with their action. Once the speaker's action is interrupted with side projects, such as clarifying what model car is being discussed or where it was seen, a vertical transition was made and is completed once the original speaker has the floor again. A digression by speaker can cause a vertical transition as well: by the way and as a matter of fact, and exits from the transition are prompted by anyway and so. Some words, like okay are universally used for a variety of transitions, like digression, vertical transition, and horizontal transition. Speakers understand and use these markers seamlessly and precisely in conversation to coordinate joint actions and maintain common ground for future direct reference. Language use and language users.In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds. ), Handbook of social psychology (3rd ed., pp. 179–231). New York: Harper and Row. <mask>, H. H., 1996. Using Language. Cambridge University Press, hardbound, , paperbound,
External links
Personal website
Living people
Cognitive psychologists
Psycholinguists
Fellows of the Society of Experimental Psychologists
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Stanford University Department of Psychology faculty
Johns Hopkins University alumni
Stanford University alumni
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
1940 births
People from Stanford, California
Fellows of the
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<mask>ía <mask> (; born September 3, 1984), know professionally as <mask>, is an American actress and model. She had roles in the films The Cider House Rules (1999) and A Walk to Remember (2002), and played Lucy Danziger in the HBO drama series Boardwalk Empire. Early life
<mask>a was raised by her mother, with her older sister <mask> (born November 5, 1981), in the New York City neighborhood of SoHo, located in Lower Manhattan. Her parents are Spanish nobleman <mask>, 14th Duke of Mandas, Grandee of Spain and Judith Bruce. <mask>a was born with recurrent cystic hygroma under her arm, which she has had treated with multiple surgeries. Her mother worked as an authority on birth control and women's issues in Third World countries. She attended private Saint Ann's School in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, with fellow student and future fashion designer, Zac Posen, for whom she has since modeled.She also attended the performing arts camp Buck's Rock. <mask> Huerta spent summers with her father in Spain while attending high school. Career
<mask> Huerta began modeling in her adolescence and became a runway model before transitioning into film. She made her film debut with a small role in the 1998 romantic comedy The Object of My Affection, and the next year appeared opposite Michael Caine and Charlize Theron in The Cider House Rules. In 2002, she appeared opposite Shane West and Mandy Moore in A Walk to Remember, an American coming-of-age romantic drama film based on the <mask>' novel. In 2007, <mask> <mask> was cast in the role of Linda for the film Enter the Void, a psychedelic melodrama set in neon-lit nightclub environments of Tokyo. Director Gaspar Noé found her after holding auditions in New York City."I met <mask> and I really liked her. She had the profile for the character because she likes screaming, crying, showing herself naked—all the qualities for
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it." In 2009, <mask> <mask> was cast in the HBO pilot Boardwalk Empire, set in Atlantic City during the Prohibition era, as Enoch "Nucky" Thompson's mistress, a former Ziegfeld Follies dancer. Boardwalk Empire was renewed for a second season, with <mask> Huerta returning as Lucy. Discussing the second season she said; "The first season was very different from the second season. With the first season, nobody really knew how the show was going to be received. With the second season, we had gotten lots of accolades and great reviews, so it was work, work, work, where we were shooting two episodes at a time."After the second season ended, <mask> <mask> and fellow co-stars Michael Pitt, Aleksa <mask>, and Dabney Coleman all departed the cast. In 2012, she commented on her departure from the series, stating she wanted to put her focus on other things. In 2013, she commented on how she would like to return to the hit series. "I’m still close with the producers. Terry (Terence Winter) always says it's possible for me to come back." Also adding; "I would love to come back with Lucy as a loving, doting mother." In 2011, Lana Del Rey, an American singer, received widespread attention when the music video for her single "Video Games" became a viral internet sensation.The video—directed and edited by Del Rey—included paparazzi footage of <mask> Huerta falling down while intoxicated. When asked if she was upset about the video, <mask> Huerta stated, "No, no. I don't get hung up about anything really. That's insignificant. I didn't really care." In April 2011, she was sued by MTV reality show actress Samantha Swetra after an altercation at a bar. <mask> Huerta was arrested, issued a desk appearance ticket, and released.In July 2011, she pleaded guilty to harassment and, in exchange, misdemeanor charges against her were reduced to a non-criminal violation. A judge ordered her
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to complete 12 weeks of alcohol counseling, one day of community service, and to stay away from Swetra. In July 2011, <mask> <mask> signed on to play Abby Russell, the protagonist in the horror film Nurse 3D. A sequel for Nurse had been rumored by <mask> Huerta on her Twitter page with her stating that Nurse 2 would start shooting soon. However, In 2015, it was reported that <mask> <mask> was suing the filmmakers, for ruining her career and injuring her when a speeding ambulance driven by a stunt driver struck her while shooting. She was the cover model in Playboy in 2013. In 2014, she completed filming in Las Vegas for the movie Death in the Desert, cast as Margo and co-starring with Michael Madsen and <mask> Beesley.She also had a supporting role in the Canadian horror film The Editor. She later appeared in Louis Theroux's 2015 documentary My Scientology Movie when she "crashed" an interview. The next year, <mask> <mask> played Pepper in the drama film Bare, opposite Dianna Agron. The film follows a young woman living in a small desert town in Nevada, who becomes romantically involved with a female drifter who leads her into a life of drugs, stripping, and psychedelic spiritual experiences. Director Natalia Leite wanted to cast two women who were willing to be totally raw and exposed on camera in the leading roles. She stated: "I wanted to find two women who were very different from each other to put those two contrasting energies together." The film had a world premiere at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 19, 2015.Frank Scheck of The Hollywood Reporter wrote that <mask> <mask> was perfectly cast for her role as Pepper, though the film has a "mundane storyline." John Stewart of The Slanted wrote, "The film is an wonderful departure for Glee’s Dianna Agron and her performance with <mask> <mask>a is sure to spark a lot more work in the future for both rising
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stars." Me Too movement
<mask> <mask>, at the height of the Me Too movement, said in an interview with Vanity Fair that movie mogul Harvey Weinstein raped her on two occasions in 2010, once after demanding to enter her apartment and have a drink, and once showing up after she had been subjected to repeated phone calls and had been drinking. <mask> Huerta came forward to police in 2017, within the New York state statute of limitations for rape in the first degree, and the New York District Attorney's Office was considering bringing charges against Weinstein. While charges have yet to be filed in <mask> <mask>'s case, Weinstein has been charged in New York with the rape of another woman. More than 75 women have accused Weinstein of sexual abuse; he has denied all allegations. In November 2018, <mask> Huerta filed a $60 million lawsuit in Los Angeles Superior Court accusing Weinstein of raping her in 2010 and then embarking on a campaign of harassment that she contends damaged her career.Personal life
<mask> Huerta lived in New York City in an apartment on Gay Street, and then moved into an apartment adjacent to her mother in the Tribeca neighborhood. She has a cobra tattooed in one leg and a crown in an arm, the latter as a tribute to her lineage. Filmography
Films
Television
Music videos
References
External links
<mask> <mask>a: Behind the Nude, article at Focus Features' website
Are You Ready for <mask>?, article at New York magazine's website
Interview with <mask> <mask> by Imagine Fashion
1984 births
Living people
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
Actresses from New York City
American child actresses
Female models from New York (state)
American film actresses
American people of Spanish descent
American people of Basque descent
American television actresses
People from SoHo, Manhattan
Saint Ann's School (Brooklyn)
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<mask> (本田雅人, born November 13, 1962), is a Japanese saxophone player, composer, and multi-instrumentalist. Born in Nakamura City, Kochi Prefecture (now Shimanto City), he graduated from Kunitachi College of Music. He is most well known for being a member of the band T-Square and appearing on Cowboy Bebop's soundtrack with The Seatbelts. Biography
Early life and career
<mask> started playing the saxophone in the 3rd grade under the influence of his father, after trying out both the flute and clarinet. During his high school years at the Kochi Prefectural Nakamura High School he participated in a pop band where he played guitar and sang. Afterwards, he went to Kunitachi College of Music, where he studied classical saxophone until he won the 14th Yamano Big Band Jazz Contest in 1983. Afterwards, he turned his focus to jazz and fusion styles.In 1985, he graduated from Kunitachi College of Music at the top of his class and joined Nobuo Hara's Sharps and Flats. Afterwards, he worked as a session musician, notably working with Toshiki Kadomatsu, Hiroshi Sato, and the Katsumi Horii Project, and formed the group WITNESS with Masaharu Ishikawa and Jun Kajiwara. T-Square
The 1990 live, T-Square Live (featuring F1 Grand Prix Theme) theme was Honda's first time working with T-Square as a session musician. The then-current saxophonist Takeshi Itoh stepped down from the group to pursue a solo career soon after. <mask> debuted
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as an official member in T-Square Live - "Farewell & Welcome" in 1991, which was Itoh's official send-off from the group. Prior to this, <mask> began recording his first studio album with T-Square in January 1991, New-S, where he composed the opening track, Megalith. It would release on March 21 that same year.Also in 1991, the group recorded the album Refreshest as T-Square and Friends, the first album under that name. It was composedly mainly of arrangements of previous songs, one of which was a version of It's Magic. Following the death of racing legend Ayrton Senna in 1994, T-Square released SOLITUDE, also as T-Square and Friends. David Liebman, Michael Brecker, and Mike Stern joined T-Square and Friends for the album Miss you in New York in 1995. After the album Blue in Red, <mask> left T-Square for unknown reasons and pursued a solo career. He participated in the 20th Anniversary Performance at Yaon de Asobu, and Farewell & Welcome Live 1998, which was recorded on April 28, 1998 and released on VHS the following July. Berklee alum Takahiro Miyazaki replaced him starting with the album Gravity, however Honda still contributed to it, playing on the song Japanese Soul Brothers.Other work
Honda has participated in the works of Shiro Sagisu, Ringo Sheena, Hiroshi Sato, Toshiki Kadomatsu, L'Arc-en-Ciel, Kukeiha Club, FictionJunction, Kohei Tanaka, Motoaki Furukawa, SunSet Swish, Nana Mizuki, Aiko, Yuji Toriyama,
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<mask> has also been a member of the Blue Note Tokyo All-Star Jazz Orchestra that Miyashiro leads. <mask> has been in a number of other fusion acts besides T-Square such as Four of a Kind, which participated in the 2004 JVC Jazz Festival in Seoul, and Voice of Elements, which live-streamed performances because of the COVID-19 pandemic. In his 2008 solo album, Across the Groove, he featured jazz keyboardist Bob James. Also significant is his second solo album, Carry Out, in which he played every instrument and composed every song on the record. <mask> is a visiting professor at Showa University of Music. He was previously employed by Kunitachi College of Music as a professor of saxophone and jazz.His name was removed from the faculty list in 2020. Instruments
Honda has experience on a variety of instruments. Aside from the four main soprano, alto, tenor and baritone saxophones he has been observed playing the clarinet, flute, EWI, guitar, bass guitar, keyboards, trumpet, flugelhorn, trombone, and recorder. He also has ability as a jazz scat singer. On the alto saxophone he uses a refaced 7* Yanagisawa mouthpiece, as well as a model made specifically for him by the brand Saxz, and a Meyer 5M. He used a Selmer Mark VII saxophone for most of his career, but switched to the more renowned Mark VI at some point in the 2010s For his time in T-Square during the 90s, he primarily used a synthetic Fibracell reed, but now uses
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Vandoren's Green Java reeds. Discography
As leader
Growin (A-Pro C&C, 1998)
Carry Out (JVC, 1999)
Real-Fusion (JVC, 2000)
Illusion (JVC, 2000)
Cross Hearts (JVC, 2001)
What is Fusion (JVC, 2001)
Crowded Colors (JVC, 2003)
Assemble a Crew (JVC, 2004)
Masato <mask> with Voice of Elements (Kang & Music, 2006)
Across the Groove (RCA, 2008)
Solid State Funk (Sony, 2009)
Saxes Street (GRP, 2015)
With T-Square
T-Square Live - Featuring F-1 Grand Prix Theme (1990)
New-S (1991)
T-Square Live - Farewell & Welcome (1991)
Megalith (1991)
Refreshest (1991)
Impressive (1992)
Human (1993)
Summer Planet (1994)
SOLITUDE (1994)
Welcome to the Rose Garden (1995)
Miss you in New York (1995)
T-Square and Friends Live in Tokyo (1995)
B.C.A.D.(1996)
Blue in Red (1997)
Farewell & Welcome Live 1998 (1998)
20th Anniversary Performance at Yaon de Asobu (1998)
Gravity (1998)
With Four of a Kind
Introducing Four of a Kind (2002)
Four of a Kind (2002)
Four of a Kind Live At Blue Note Tokyo And Osaka Blue Note (2002)
Four of a Kind II (2004)
With Witness
Witness (1988)
Witness Live (2005)
With B.B. Station
B.B. Station Live at Roppongi Pit Inn (2000)
Jazz'n Out Marlene Meets Masato <mask> (2007)
See also
T-Square (band)
Casiopea
Eric Marienthal
References
1962 births
Living people
Japanese jazz composers
Japanese musicians
Japanese saxophonists
Japanese jazz saxophonists
Japanese jazz
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<mask> (born 28 July 1985) is an Irish football manager and former footballer who played as a midfielder. He is the manager of League of Ireland First Division club Cobh Ramblers. <mask> started his playing career at Cobh Ramblers, progressing through the club's youth system before breaking into the first team during the 2003 season. He then joined Cork City in 2007, and spent two seasons at the club. In December 2008, he joined Stevenage and helped the team win the FA Trophy in his first season there. <mask> was part of the Stevenage team that earned back-to-back promotions from the Conference Premier into League One. He was released by Stevenage when his contract expired in May 2012.He subsequently joined Port Vale on a free transfer two months later. <mask> signed for Macclesfield Town in January 2013, but returned to Ireland two weeks later after tearing his calf muscle. Injury would disrupt the latter stages of his career, spending time with Woking in September 2013, before returning to Cork City two months later. He rejoined Cobh Ramblers in February 2015 and also played once for Avondale United. <mask> made the transition from playing to coaching, spending time as first-team coach at Cobh Ramblers, before being appointed as the team's under-19 manager in February 2021. After becoming interim manager of the first team in July 2021, <mask> was appointed first-team manager in September 2021. Early life
Born in Cork, Republic of Ireland, he is a native of Carrignavar.<mask> combined playing football alongside serving his electrical apprenticeship in Cork from 2003 to 2006. Playing career
<mask> started his career at Irish club Cobh Ramblers, as part of the club's youth system. He made his senior debut for Cobh Ramblers in an FAI Cup match against Shamrock Rovers in August 2002, three weeks after he had turned 17. <mask> suffered a ruptured anterior cruciate ligament during his time with the club, recovering from the injury to play 77 times over five years, scoring nine goals. <mask> signed for Cork City on a two-year contract in February 2007. He played regularly in the first
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team during the latter stages of the 2007 season, making 32 appearances. Financial issues forced Cork City into examinership in <mask>'s second season with the club and he left the club when his contract expired at the end of the 2008 season.Stevenage
<mask> was offered a one-week trial with English Conference Premier club Stevenage in December 2008, which proved successful, signing for the club on a short-term contract on 16 December 2008. <mask> made his Stevenage debut in a 3–0 victory against Lewes at Broadhall Way. He scored his first goal for the club in a 2–1 win against Kettering Town, scoring from close-range to restore parity in the match. He made 20 appearances for the club during the 2008–09 season, during which he was sent-off twice in matches against Kidderminster Harriers and Cambridge United; the latter was rescinded. This meant that <mask> was able to play in the club's 2–0 FA Trophy Final victory against York City at Wembley Stadium on 9 May 2009, a competition in which he started six games. He played 24 times during the 2009–10 season as Stevenage won promotion to the Football League for the first time in the club's history. <mask> played his first game of the 2010–11 season on 9 August 2010, starting in Stevenage's 2–1 defeat to Portsmouth in the League Cup, scoring Stevenage's goal with a shot from outside the area that was deflected in.He was substituted at half-time after suffering a dislocated shoulder, and was ruled out of first-team action for a month. <mask> broke his leg whilst playing for Stevenage's reserve team against Colchester United reserves in September 2010. He underwent surgery on the injury and the club stated he would likely miss the remainder of the season. <mask> returned to the first team in the club's 1–0 away victory at Wycombe Wanderers on 12 March 2011, playing the first half of the match. He played nine games during the 2010–11 season, scoring once. This included three appearances in the 2010–11 League Two play-offs following Stevenage's sixth-placed finish. Following a 3–0 aggregate victory over Accrington Stanley, Stevenage earned
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promotion to League One after a 1–0 victory against Torquay United at Old Trafford on 28 May 2011, with <mask> coming on as a 57th-minute substitute in the match.After making no first-team appearances during the first half of Stevenage's 2011–12 season due to a "succession of little injuries", <mask> joined League Two club Aldershot Town on a one-month loan agreement on 10 February 2012. He made his debut four days later in Aldershot's 1–0 home victory against Hereford United, Aldershot's first home win since December 2011. He made two further appearances during the loan, and returned to Stevenage in March 2012. <mask> struggled with hamstring, groin and ankle injuries and was not involved in the latter stages of Stevenage's season, making no appearances for the team during the season. He was released by Stevenage when his contract expired in May 2012. <mask> made 53 appearances in all competitions during his three years with the club. Port Vale
<mask> signed for League Two club Port Vale on a free transfer on 2 July 2012, signing a one-year contract.He made his debut from the substitute's bench on 25 August 2012, replacing Chris Shuker 74 minutes into a 3–1 victory over Morecambe at the Globe Arena. <mask> struggled with hamstring problems whilst the team moved up to second in the league table in his absence. He eventually made his full debut on 20 October 2012, in a 4–1 home victory against Wycombe Wanderers. On making his return to fitness, he speculated that "if there was a hell for footballers that's what you'd do, sit in the stand watching games injured." <mask> made only his third appearance of the season against Rochdale on 6 November 2012, but having entered the game as a substitute he was forced off injured after only a few minutes due to a recurrence of his calf injury. He left the club by mutual consent on 8 January 2013. Return to Non-League
Having initially planned on returning to Ireland, <mask> received a contract offer from Conference Premier club Macclesfield Town.He accepted the offer on 31 January 2013, signing a contract lasting until the end of the 2012–13
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season. Two weeks into his time at Macclesfield, he tore his calf muscle in training and on 13 February 2013, having made no appearances for the club, his contract was cancelled by mutual consent. He returned to Ireland and trained with former club Cork City. <mask> wanted to resume his playing career in England and spoke to Graham Westley, his former manager at Stevenage, who agreed for him to spend pre-season at the club ahead of the 2013–14 season. He arranged with Westley to "play some games for another club, to regain my confidence and then return to Stevenage". He subsequently signed for Woking of the Conference Premier on 24 September 2013. He made his Woking debut the same day his signing was announced, playing the first 68 minutes in a 4–0 home defeat to Luton Town at Kingfield Stadium.<mask> made three appearances for Woking before injury curtailed his time at the club. Return to Ireland
<mask> returned to Cork City on a free transfer on 16 November 2013. He made his first appearance back at Cork on 10 March 2014, starting in a 4–0 home victory over Limerick in the League of Ireland Cup. <mask> made five appearances for the club during a season disrupted by injuries as Cork finished the 2014 season in second place in the League of Ireland Premier Division. He dislocated his shoulder in a pre-season friendly against Birmingham City in July 2014 and notified Cork City manager John Caulfield of his decision to retire from playing after the match. Having recovered from the shoulder injury, <mask> was offered the chance to come out of retirement and rejoin Cobh Ramblers of the League of Ireland First Division in February 2015, which he accepted, making one appearance towards the latter stages of the 2015 season. <mask> remained at Cobh Ramblers for just over two years, making eight first-team appearances during his second spell with the club.He also played once for Avondale United of the Munster Senior League in April 2017, appearing in a 2–0 League of Ireland Cup defeat against his former employers, Cobh Ramblers, on 4 April 2017. <mask> retired from playing and made the
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transition into coaching. Coaching career
During his playing career, <mask> combined his playing role alongside acting as a community and academy coach at Stevenage in 2011. He also served as a community coach at Port Vale. He earned his UEFA B Licence in 2017 and was issued his UEFA A Licence in 2019. <mask> was appointed as first-team coach at Cobh Ramblers in January 2015, a position he held until October 2016. He was appointed as manager of the Cobh Ramblers under-19 team in February 2021.He was named as interim manager of the Cobh Ramblers first team until the end of the season on 23 July 2021, following the exit of previous manager Stuart Ashton. He was given the role on a permanent basis on 16 September 2021, signing a contract until the end of the 2023 season. Style of play
<mask> was deployed as a midfielder throughout his career. His role in midfield was predominantly as a defensive midfielder, where he was tasked with breaking up opposition play. <mask> described himself as "never the best player", and what he lacked in the technical aspects of the game, he "compensated for" with his work ethic. Described as "an energetic, combative midfielder" and "tough-tackling", <mask> stated that his physical style of play contributed to the number of injuries he sustained during his playing career. Career statistics
A.The "Other" column constitutes appearances and goals (including those as a substitute) in the FA Trophy, play-offs and FAI Cup. Honours
Stevenage
FA Trophy: 2008–09; runner-up: 2009–10
Conference Premier: 2009–10
League Two play-offs: 2010–11
References
External links
1985 births
Living people
Association footballers from Cork (city)
Republic of Ireland association footballers
Association football midfielders
Cobh Ramblers F.C. players
Cork City F.C. players
Stevenage F.C. players
Aldershot Town F.C. players
Port Vale F.C. players
Macclesfield Town F.C.players
Woking F.C. players
League of Ireland players
National League (English football) players
English Football League players
Republic of Ireland football managers
Cobh Ramblers F.C. managers
League of
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<mask> (born January 26, 1944) is an American political activist, philosopher, academic, scholar, and author. She is a professor at the University of California, Santa Cruz. A Marxist, <mask> was a longtime member of the Communist Party USA (CPUSA) and is a founding member of the Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism (CCDS). She is the author of over ten books on class, feminism, race, and the US prison system. Born to an African-American family in Birmingham, Alabama, <mask> studied French at Brandeis University and philosophy at the University of Frankfurt in West Germany. Studying under the philosopher Herbert Marcuse, a prominent figure in the Frankfurt School, <mask> became increasingly engaged in far-left politics. Returning to the United States, she studied at the University of California, San Diego, before moving to East Germany, where she completed a doctorate at the Humboldt University of Berlin.After returning to the United States, she joined the Communist Party and became involved in numerous causes, including the second-wave feminist movement and the campaign against the Vietnam War. In 1969, she was hired as an acting assistant professor of philosophy at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). UCLA's governing Board of Regents soon fired her due to her Communist Party membership; after a court ruled this illegal, the university fired her again, this time for her use of inflammatory language. In 1970, guns belonging to <mask> were used in an armed takeover of a courtroom in Marin County, California, in which four people were killed. Prosecuted for three capital felonies, including conspiracy to murder, she was held in jail for
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over a year before being acquitted of all charges in 1972. She visited Eastern Bloc countries in the 1970s and, during the 1980s, was twice the Communist Party's candidate for vice president; at the time, she also held the position of professor of ethnic studies at San Francisco State University. Much of her work focused on the abolition of prisons and in 1997, she co-founded Critical Resistance, an organization working to abolish the prison–industrial complex.In 1991, amid the dissolution of the Soviet Union, she was part of a faction in the Communist Party that broke away to establish the Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism. Also in 1991, she joined the feminist studies department at the University of California, Santa Cruz, where she became department director before retiring in 2008. Since then she has continued to write and remained active in movements such as Occupy and the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions campaign. <mask> has received various awards, including the Soviet Union's Lenin Peace Prize. Accused of supporting political violence, she has sustained criticism from the highest levels of the US government. She has also been criticized for supporting the Soviet Union and its satellites. <mask> has been inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame.In 2020, she was listed as the 1971 "Woman of the Year" in Time magazine's "100 Women of the Year" edition, which selected iconic women over the 100 years since women's suffrage in the United States of America from 1920. In 2020, she was included on Times list of the 100 most influential people in the world. Early life
<mask> was born on January 26, 1944, in Birmingham, Alabama. Her family
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lived in the "Dynamite Hill" neighborhood, which was marked in the 1950s by the bombings of houses in an attempt to intimidate and drive out middle-class black people who had moved there. <mask> occasionally spent time on her uncle's farm and with friends in New York City. Her siblings include two brothers, Ben and Reginald, and a sister, Fania. Ben played defensive back for the Cleveland Browns and Detroit Lions in the late 1960s and early 1970s.<mask> attended Carrie A. Tuggle School, a segregated black elementary school, and later, Parker Annex, a middle-school branch of Parker High School in Birmingham. During this time, <mask>'s mother, Sallye <mask>, was a national officer and leading organizer of the Southern Negro Youth Congress, an organization influenced by the Communist Party aimed at building alliances among African Americans in the South. <mask> grew up surrounded by communist organizers and thinkers, who significantly influenced her intellectual development. <mask> was involved in her church youth group as a child, and attended Sunday school regularly. She attributes much of her political involvement to her involvement with the Girl Scouts of the United States of America. She also participated in the Girl Scouts 1959 national roundup in Colorado. As a Girl Scout, she marched and picketed to protest racial segregation in Birmingham.By her junior year of high school, <mask> had been accepted by an American Friends Service Committee (Quaker) program that placed black students from the South in integrated schools in the North. She chose Elisabeth Irwin High School in Greenwich Village. There she was recruited by a communist youth group, Advance.
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Education
Brandeis University
<mask> was awarded a scholarship to Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts, where she was one of three black students in her class. She encountered the Frankfurt School philosopher Herbert Marcuse at a rally during the Cuban Missile Crisis and became his student. In a 2007 television interview, <mask> said, "Herbert Marcuse taught me that it was possible to be an academic, an activist, a scholar, and a revolutionary." She worked part-time to earn enough money to travel to France and Switzerland and attended the eighth World Festival of Youth and Students in Helsinki.She returned home in 1963 to a Federal Bureau of Investigation interview about her attendance at the communist-sponsored festival. During her second year at Brandeis, <mask> decided to major in French and continued her intensive study of philosopher and writer Jean-Paul Sartre. She was accepted by the Hamilton College Junior Year in France Program. Classes were initially at Biarritz and later at the Sorbonne. In Paris, she and other students lived with a French family. She was in Biarritz when she learned of the 1963 Birmingham church bombing, committed by members of the Ku Klux Klan, in which four black girls were killed. She grieved deeply as she was personally acquainted with the victims.While completing her degree in French, <mask> realized that her primary area of interest was philosophy. She was particularly interested in Marcuse's ideas. On returning to Brandeis, she sat in on his course. She wrote in her autobiography that Marcuse was approachable and helpful. She began making plans to attend the University of Frankfurt for graduate work in philosophy. In 1965,
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she graduated magna cum laude, a member of Phi Beta Kappa. University of Frankfurt
In Germany, with a monthly stipend of $100, she lived first with a German family and later with a group of students in a loft in an old factory.After visiting East Berlin during the annual May Day celebration, she felt that the East German government was dealing better with the residual effects of fascism than were the West Germans. Many of her roommates were active in the radical Socialist German Student Union (SDS), and <mask> participated in some SDS actions. Events in the United States, including the formation of the Black Panther Party and the transformation of Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) to an all-black organization, drew her interest upon her return. Postgraduate work
Marcuse had moved to a position at the University of California, San Diego, and <mask> followed him there after her two years in Frankfurt. <mask> traveled to London to attend a conference on "The Dialectics of Liberation". The black contingent at the conference included the Trinidadian-American Stokely Carmichael and the British Michael X. Although moved by Carmichael's rhetoric, <mask> was reportedly disappointed by her colleagues' black nationalist sentiments and their rejection of communism as a "white man's thing".She joined the Che-Lumumba Club, an all-black branch of the Communist Party USA named for revolutionaries Che Guevara and Patrice Lumumba, of Cuba and Congo, respectively. <mask> earned a master's degree from the University of California, San Diego, in 1968. She earned a doctorate in philosophy at the Humboldt University in East Berlin. Professor at University of California, Los
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Angeles, 1969–70
Beginning in 1969, <mask> was an acting assistant professor in the philosophy department at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Although both Princeton and Swarthmore had tried to recruit her, she opted for UCLA because of its urban location. At that time she was known as a radical feminist and activist, a member of the Communist Party USA, and an affiliate of the Los Angeles chapter of the Black Panther Party. In 1969, the University of California initiated a policy against hiring Communists.At their September 19, 1969, meeting, the Board of Regents fired <mask> from her $10,000-a-year post because of her membership in the Communist Party, urged on by California Governor Ronald Reagan. Judge Jerry Pacht ruled the Regents could not fire <mask> solely because of her affiliation with the Communist Party, and she resumed her post. The Regents fired <mask> again on June 20, 1970, for the "inflammatory language" she had used in four different speeches. The report stated, "We deem particularly offensive such utterances as her statement that the regents 'killed, brutalized (and) murdered' the People's Park demonstrators, and her repeated characterizations of the police as 'pigs. The American Association of University Professors censured the board for this action. Arrest and trial
<mask> was a supporter of the Soledad Brothers, three inmates who were accused and charged with the killing of a prison guard at Soledad Prison. On August 7, 1970, heavily armed 17-year-old African-American high-school student Jonathan Jackson, whose brother was George Jackson, one of the three Soledad Brothers, gained control of a courtroom in Marin County,
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California.He armed the black defendants and took Judge Harold Haley, the prosecutor, and three female jurors as hostages. As Jackson transported the hostages and two black defendants away from the courtroom, one of the defendants, James McClain, shot at the police. The police returned fire. The judge and the three black men were killed in the melee; one of the jurors and the prosecutor were injured. Although the judge was shot in the head with a blast from a shotgun, he also suffered a chest wound from a bullet that may have been fired from outside the van. Evidence during the trial showed that either could have been fatal. <mask> had purchased several of the firearms Jackson used in the attack, including the shotgun used to shoot Haley, which she bought at a San Francisco pawn shop two days before the incident.She was also found to have been corresponding with one of the inmates involved. As California considers "all persons concerned in the commission of a crime, ... whether they directly commit the act constituting the offense, or aid and abet in its commission, ... are principals in any crime so committed", <mask> was charged with "aggravated kidnapping and first degree murder in the death of Judge Harold Haley", and Marin County Superior Court Judge Peter Allen Smith issued a warrant for her arrest. Hours after the judge issued the warrant on August 14, 1970, a massive attempt to find and arrest <mask> began. On August 18, four days after the warrant was issued, the FBI director J. Edgar Hoover listed <mask> on the FBI's Ten Most Wanted Fugitive List; she was the third woman and the 309th person to be listed. Soon after, <mask> became a fugitive and fled
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California. According to her autobiography, during this time she hid in friends' homes and moved at night. On October 13, 1970, FBI agents found her at a Howard Johnson Motor Lodge in New York City.President Richard M. Nixon congratulated the FBI on its "capture of the dangerous terrorist <mask>." On January 5, 1971, <mask> appeared at Marin County Superior Court and declared her innocence before the court and nation: "I now declare publicly before the court, before the people of this country that I am innocent of all charges which have been leveled against me by the state of California." John Abt, general counsel of the Communist Party USA, was one of the first attorneys to represent <mask> for her alleged involvement in the shootings. While being held in the Women's Detention Center, <mask> was initially segregated from other prisoners, in solitary confinement. With the help of her legal team, she obtained a federal court order to get out of the segregated area. Across the nation, thousands of people began organizing a movement to gain her release. In New York City, black writers formed a committee called the Black People in Defense of <mask>.By February 1971 more than 200 local committees in the United States, and 67 in foreign countries, worked to free <mask> from jail. John Lennon and Yoko Ono contributed to this campaign with the song "<mask>". In 1972, after a 16-month incarceration, the state allowed her release on bail from county jail. On February 23, 1972, Rodger McAfee, a dairy farmer from Fresno, California, paid her $100,000 bail with the help of Steve Sparacino, a wealthy business owner. The United Presbyterian Church paid some of her legal defense
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expenses. A defense motion for a change of venue was granted, and the trial was moved to Santa Clara County. On June 4, 1972, after 13 hours of deliberations, the all-white jury returned a verdict of not guilty.The fact that she owned the guns used in the crime was judged insufficient to establish her role in the plot. She was represented by Leo Branton Jr., who hired psychologists to help the defense determine who in the jury pool might favor their arguments, a technique that has since become more common. He also hired experts to discredit the reliability of eyewitness accounts. Other activities in the 1970s
Cuba
After her acquittal, <mask> went on an international speaking tour in 1972 and the tour included Cuba, where she had previously been received by Fidel Castro in 1969 as a member of a Communist Party delegation. Robert F. Williams, Huey Newton, Stokely Carmichael had also visited Cuba, and Assata Shakur later moved there after escaping from a US prison. Her reception by Afro-Cubans at a mass rally was so enthusiastic that she was reportedly barely able to speak. <mask> perceived Cuba as a racism-free country, which led her to believe that "only under socialism could the fight against racism be successfully executed."When she returned to the United States, her socialist leanings increasingly influenced her understanding of race struggles. In 1974, she attended the Second Congress of the Federation of Cuban Women. Soviet Union
In 1971, the CIA estimated that five percent of Soviet propaganda efforts were directed towards the <mask> campaign. In August 1972, <mask> visited the USSR at the invitation of the Central Committee, and received an honorary doctorate
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from Moscow State University. On May 1, 1979, she was awarded the Lenin Peace Prize from the Soviet Union. She visited Moscow later that month to accept the prize, where she praised "the glorious name" of Lenin and the "great October Revolution". East Germany
The East German government organized an extensive campaign on behalf of <mask>.In September 1972, <mask> visited East Germany, where she met the state's leader Erich Honecker, received an honorary degree from the University of Leipzig and the Star of People's Friendship from Walter Ulbricht. On September 11 in East Berlin she delivered a speech, "Not Only My Victory", praising the GDR and USSR and denouncing American racism, and visited the Berlin Wall, where she laid flowers at the memorial for Reinhold Huhn (an East German guard who had been killed by a man who was trying to escape with his family across the border in 1962). <mask> said "We mourn the deaths of the border guards who sacrificed their lives for the protection of their socialist homeland" and "When we return to the USA, we shall undertake to tell our people the truth about the true function of this border." In 1973, she returned to East Berlin leading the US delegation to the 10th World Festival of Youth and Students. Jonestown and Peoples Temple
In the mid-1970s, Jim Jones, who developed the cult Peoples Temple, initiated friendships with progressive leaders in the San Francisco area including Dennis Banks of the American Indian Movement and <mask>. On September 10, 1977, 14 months before the Temple's mass murder-suicide, <mask> spoke via amateur radio telephone "patch" to members of his Peoples Temple living in Jonestown in Guyana. In her
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statement during the "Six Day Siege", she expressed support for the People's Temple anti-racism efforts and told members there was a conspiracy against them.She said, "When you are attacked, it is because of your progressive stand, and we feel that it is directly an attack against us as well." Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and political prisoners in socialist countries
In 1975, Russian dissident and Nobel laureate Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn argued in a speech before an AFL-CIO meeting in New York City that <mask> was derelict in having failed to support prisoners in various socialist countries around the world, given her strong opposition to the US prison system. He said a group of Czech prisoners had appealed to <mask> for support, which Solzhenitsyn said she had declined. In 1972, Jiří Pelikán had written an open letter asking her to support Czech prisoners, which <mask> had refused, believing that the Czech prisoners were undermining the Husák government and that Pelikán, in exile in Italy, was attacking his own country. According to Solzhenitsyn, in response to concerns about Czech prisoners being "persecuted by the state", <mask> had responded that "They deserve what they get. Let them remain in prison." Alan Dershowitz, who also asked <mask> to support a number of imprisoned refuseniks in the USSR, said that she declined because she did not consider them political prisoners.Later academic career
<mask> was a lecturer at the Claremont Black Studies Center at the Claremont Colleges in 1975. Attendance at the course she taught was limited to 26 students out of the more than 5,000 on campus, and she was forced to teach in secret because alumni benefactors didn't want her to
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indoctrinate the general student population with communist thought. College trustees made arrangements to minimize her appearance on campus, limiting her seminars to Friday evenings and Saturdays, "when campus activity is low". Her classes moved from one classroom to another and the students were sworn to secrecy. Much of this secrecy continued throughout <mask>'s brief time teaching at the colleges. In 2020 it was announced that <mask> would be the Ena H. Thompson Distinguished Lecturer for Pomona College's History Department, welcoming her back after 45 years. <mask> taught a women's studies course at the San Francisco Art Institute in 1978, and was a professor of ethnic studies at the San Francisco State University from at least 1980 to 1984.She was a professor in the History of Consciousness and the Feminist Studies departments at the University of California, Santa Cruz and Rutgers University from 1991 to 2008. Since then, she has been a distinguished professor emerita. <mask> was a distinguished visiting professor at Syracuse University in spring 1992 and October 2010, and was the Randolph Visiting Distinguished Professor of philosophy at Vassar College in 1995. In 2014, <mask> returned to UCLA as a regents' lecturer. She delivered a public lecture on May 8 in Royce Hall, where she had given her first lecture 45 years earlier. In 2016, <mask> was awarded an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters in Healing and Social Justice from the California Institute of Integral Studies in San Francisco during its 48th annual commencement ceremony. Political activism and speeches
<mask> accepted the Communist Party USA's nomination for vice president, as Gus Hall's running mate,
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in 1980 and in 1984.They received less than 0.02% of the vote in 1980. She left the party in 1991, founding the Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism. Her group broke from the Communist Party USA because of the latter's support of the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt after the fall of the Soviet Union and tearing down of the Berlin Wall. <mask> said that she and others who had "circulated a petition about the need for democratization of the structures of governance of the party" were not allowed to run for national office and thus "in a sense ... invited to leave". In 2014, she said she continues to have a relationship with the CPUSA but has not rejoined. In the 2020 presidential election, <mask> supported the Democratic nominee, Joe Biden. <mask> is a major figure in the prison abolition movement.She has called the United States prison system the "prison–industrial complex" and was one of the founders of Critical Resistance, a national grassroots organization dedicated to building a movement to abolish the prison system. In recent works, she has argued that the US prison system resembles a new form of slavery, pointing to the disproportionate share of the African-American population who were incarcerated. <mask> advocates focusing social efforts on education and building "engaged communities" to solve various social problems now handled through state punishment. As early as 1969, <mask> began public speaking engagements. She expressed her opposition to the Vietnam War, racism, sexism, and the prison–industrial complex, and her support of gay rights and other social justice movements. In 1969, she blamed imperialism for the troubles oppressed
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populations suffer:
We are facing a common enemy and that enemy is Yankee Imperialism, which is killing us both here and abroad. Now I think anyone who would try to separate those struggles, anyone who would say that in order to consolidate an anti-war movement, we have to leave all of these other outlying issues out of the picture, is playing right into the hands of the enemy.She has continued lecturing throughout her career, including at numerous universities. In 2001, she publicly spoke against the war on terror following the 9/11 attacks, continued to criticize the prison–industrial complex, and discussed the broken immigration system. She said that to solve social justice issues, people must "hone their critical skills, develop them and implement them." Later, in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in 2005, she declared that the "horrendous situation in New Orleans" was due to the country's structural racism, capitalism, and imperialism. <mask> opposed the 1995 Million Man March, arguing that the exclusion of women from this event promoted male chauvinism. She said that Louis Farrakhan and other organizers appeared to prefer that women take subordinate roles in society. Together with Kimberlé Crenshaw and others, she formed the African American Agenda 2000, an alliance of black feminists.<mask> has continued to oppose the death penalty. In 2003, she lectured at Agnes Scott College, a liberal arts women's college in Atlanta, Georgia, on prison reform, minority issues, and the ills of the criminal justice system. On October 31, 2011, <mask> spoke at the Philadelphia and Washington Square Occupy Wall Street assemblies. Due to restrictions on electronic amplification,
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her words were human microphoned. In 2012, <mask> was awarded the 2011 Blue Planet Award, an award given for contributions to humanity and the planet. At the 27th Empowering Women of Color Conference in 2012, <mask> said she was a vegan. She has called for the release of Rasmea Odeh, associate director at the Arab American Action Network, who was convicted of immigration fraud in relation to her hiding of a previous murder conviction.<mask> supports the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions campaign against Israel. <mask> was an honorary co-chair of the January 21, 2017, Women's March on Washington, which occurred the day after President Donald Trump's inauguration. The organizers' decision to make her a featured speaker was criticized from the right by Humberto Fontova and the National Review. Libertarian journalist Cathy Young wrote that <mask>'s "long record of support for political violence in the United States and the worst of human rights abusers abroad" undermined the march. On October 16, 2018, Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, presented <mask> with an honorary degree during the inaugural Viola Desmond Legacy Lecture, as part of the institution's bicentennial celebration year. On January 7, 2019, the Birmingham Civil Rights Institute (BCRI) rescinded <mask>'s Fred Shuttlesworth Human Rights Award, saying she "does not meet all of the criteria". Birmingham Mayor Randall Woodfin and others cited criticism of <mask>'s vocal support for Palestinian rights and the movement to boycott Israel.<mask> said her loss of the award was "not primarily an attack against me but rather against the very spirit of the indivisibility of justice." On January 25, the BCRI
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reversed its decision and issued a public apology, stating that there should have been more public consultation. In November 2019, along with other public figures, <mask> signed a letter supporting Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn describing him as "a beacon of hope in the struggle against emergent far-right nationalism, xenophobia and racism in much of the democratic world", and endorsed him in the 2019 UK general election. On January 20, 2020, <mask> gave the Memorial Keynote Address at the University of Michigan's MLK Symposium. <mask> was elected as a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2021. Personal life
From 1980 to 1983 <mask> was married to Hilton Braithwaite. In 1997, she came out as a lesbian in an interview with Out magazine.By 2020, <mask> was living openly with her partner, the academic Gina Dent, a fellow humanities scholar and intersectional feminist researcher at UC Santa Cruz. Together, they have advocated for the abolition of police and prisons, and for black liberation and Palestinian solidarity. Representation in other media
The first song released in support of <mask> was "<mask>" (1971), by Italian singer-songwriter and musician Virgilio Savona with his group Quartetto Cetra. He received some anonymous threats. In 1972, German singer-songwriter and political activist Franz Josef Degenhardt published the song "<mask> Davis", opener to his 6th studio album Mutter Mathilde. The Rolling Stones song "Sweet Black Angel", recorded in 1970 and released on their album Exile on Main Street (1972), is dedicated to <mask>. It is one of the band's few overtly political releases.Its lines include: "She's a sweet black angel, not a
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gun-toting teacher, not a Red-lovin' schoolmarm / Ain't someone gonna free her, free de sweet black slave, free de sweet black slave". John Lennon and Yoko Ono released their song "<mask>" on the album Some Time in New York City (1972) in support of <mask>, and a small photo of her appears on the album's cover at the bottom left. The jazz musician Todd Cochran, also known as Bayete, recorded his song "Free Angela (Thoughts...and all I've got to say)" in 1972. Tribe Records co-founder Phil Ranelin released a song dedicated to <mask>, "Angela's Dilemma", on Message From the Tribe (1972), a spiritual jazz collectible. References in other venues
On January 28, 1972, Garrett Brock Trapnell hijacked TWA Flight 2. One of his demands was <mask>'s release. In Renato Guttuso's painting The Funerals of Togliatti (1972), <mask> is depicted, among other figures of communism, in the left framework, near the author's self-portrait, Elio Vittorini, and Jean-Paul Sartre.In 1971, black playwright Elvie Moore wrote the play <mask> is Happening, depicting <mask> on trial with figures such as Frederick Douglass, Malcolm X, and H. Rap Brown as eyewitnesses proclaiming her innocence. The play was performed at the Inner City Cultural Center and at UCLA, with Pat Ballard as <mask>. The documentary <mask>: Portrait of a Revolutionary (1972) was directed by UCLA Film School student Yolande du Luart. It follows <mask> from 1969 to 1970, documenting her dismissal from UCLA. The film wrapped shooting before the Marin County incident. In the movie Network (1976), Marlene Warfield's character Laureen Hobbs appears to be modeled on <mask>. Also in 2018, a cotton T-shirt with <mask>'s face on it was
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featured in Prada's 2018 collection.A mural featuring <mask> was painted by Italian street artist Jorit Agoch in the Scampia neighborhood of Naples in 2019. Biopic
In 2019, Julie Dash, who is credited as the first black female director to have a theatrical release of a film (Daughters of the Dust) in the US, announced that she would be directing a film based on <mask>'s life. Bibliography
Books
If They Come in the Morning: Voices of Resistance (New York: Third Press, 1971), . <mask>: An Autobiography, Random House (September 1974), . Joan Little: The Dialectics of Rape (New York: Lang Communications, 1975)
Women, Race and Class, Random House (1981), . Women, Culture & Politics, Vintage (February 19, 1990), . The <mask> Y. <mask> Reader (ed.Joy James), Wiley-Blackwell (December 11, 1998), . Blues Legacies and Black Feminism: Gertrude "Ma" Rainey, Bessie Smith, and Billie Holiday, Vintage Books (January 26, 1999), . Are Prisons Obsolete?, Seven Stories Press (April 2003), . Abolition Democracy: Beyond Prisons, Torture, and Empire, Seven Stories Press (October 1, 2005), . The Meaning of Freedom: And Other Difficult Dialogues (City Lights, 2012), . Freedom Is a Constant Struggle: Ferguson, Palestine, and the Foundations of a Movement, Haymarket Books (2015), . Herbert Marcuse, Philosopher of Utopia: A Graphic Biography (foreword, City Lights, 2019), .Interviews and appearances
1971
An Interview with <mask>. Cassette. Radio Free People, New York, 1971. Myerson, M. "<mask> in Prison". Ramparts, March 1971: 20–21. Seigner, Art. <mask>: Soul and Soledad.Phonodisc. Flying Dutchman, New York, 1971. Walker, Joe. <mask> Speaks. Phonodisc. Folkways Records, New York, 1971.
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1972–1985
"Black Journal; 67; Interview with <mask>," 1972-06-20, WNET.<mask> makes her first national television appearance in an exclusive interview with host Tony Brown, following her recent acquittal of charges related to the San Rafael courtroom shootout. "<mask> Talks about her Future and her Freedom". Jet, July 27, 1972: 54–57. <mask>, <mask>. I Am a Black Revolutionary Woman (1971). Phonodisc. Folkways, New York, 1977. Phillips, Esther.<mask> Interviews Esther Phillips. Cassette. Pacifica Tape Library, Los Angeles, 1977. Cudjoe, Selwyn. In Conversation with <mask>. Videocassette. ETV Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, 1985.21-minute interview. 1992–1997
<mask>, <mask>. "Women on the Move: Travel Themes in Ma Rainey's Blues" in Borders/diasporas. Sound Recording. University of California, Santa Cruz: Center for Cultural Studies, Santa Cruz, 1992. <mask>, <mask>. Black Is... Black Ain't.Documentary film. Independent Television Service (ITVS), 1994. Interview <mask> (Public Broadcasting Service, Spring 1997)
2000–2002
<mask>, <mask>. The Prison Industrial Complex and its Impact on Communities of Color. Videocassette. University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, 2000. Barsamian, D. "<mask>: African American Activist on Prison-Industrial Complex".Progressive 65.2 (2001): 33–38. "September 11 America: an Interview with <mask>". Policing the National Body: Sex, Race, and Criminalization. Cambridge, Ma. : South End Press, 2002. 2011–2016
The Black Power Mixtape 1967–1975, documentary film prominently featuring <mask> in a number of rarely seen Swedish interviews, released 2011. "Activist Professor <mask>" episode of Woman's Hour, BBC Radio 4, December 3,
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2014.Criminal Queers, a fictional DIY film examining the relationship between the LGBT community and the criminal justice system, released 2015. 13th, documentary file about the 13th Amendment and history of the civil rights movement, released 2016. Archives
The National United Committee to Free <mask> Davis collection is at the Main Library at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California (A collection of thousands of letters received by the Committee and <mask> from people in the US and other countries.) The complete transcript of her trial, including all appeals and legal memoranda, has been preserved in the Meiklejohn Civil Liberties Library in Berkeley, California. <mask>'s papers are archived at the Schlesinger Library at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Records including correspondence, statements, clippings and other documents about <mask>'s dismissal from the University of California, Los Angeles due to her political affiliation with the Communist Party are archived at UCLA. See also
Africana philosophy
Marxist feminism
References
Further reading
Popular media
Round table discussion.Chat-room users' interview with <mask>.
. Audio recording of <mask>. Interview. Video interview. Roberts, Steven V., "<mask>: The Making Of a Radical", New York Times, August 23, 1970. Books
Primary Sources
Donald Kalish papers, Box 4 and Box 7. UCLA Library Special Collections.External links
The New York Times archive of Davis-related articles, nytimes.com;
Angela Y. <mask> Papers, 1937-2017 MC 940. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. Angela Y. <mask> Collection of the Schlesinger Library
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<mask> (June 9, 1922 – January 3, 2002) was an offensive tackle and defensive tackle for the New York Yankees and the Brooklyn Dodgers in the All-America Football Conference, New York Yanks of the National Football League, and the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Western Interprovincial Football Union. He lived in Waco, Texas, while he was a professional player. Texas A&M defensive tackle
He attended Texas A&M University, where he was a left tackle who wore #74. His first year as a varsity player was 1940. He weighed 255 pounds. and 6'4". <mask> was named the outstanding lineman in the Southwest Conference in 1941.That year, he led the Aggies to their second straight Cotton Bowl Classic appearance against Fordham University. In 1942 Texas A&M played the University of Alabama in the Cotton Bowl Classic. <mask> played left tackle for the South All-Stars who defeated the North, 24–7, in the North–South football game, on December 30, 1944. He was named captain of the Gray squad for the Blue–Gray Football Classic in December 1945. <mask> was selected as the captain of the College All-Stars for the 1946 College All-Star Game. The All-Stars played the Los Angeles Rams at Soldier Field, in August. <mask> placed second to Elroy Hirsch of the University of Wisconsin–Madison in voting for the most valuable player in the game.The All-Stars defeated the Rams 16–0. Military service
He was sworn into the service at halftime of the 1942 Cotton Bowl Classic. <mask> spent four and a half years in the Army Air Force. He attained the rank of captain, was awarded a Presidential Citation,
and two battle stars. In December 1944 <mask> was a tackle for the Randolph Field Ramblers, the best service team in Texas during World War II. They played the Second Air Force Superbombers of Colorado
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Springs in the Treasury Bond Bowl, at the Polo Grounds. He also played for the Hawaiian Flyers in 1945.World War II gave <mask> a third chance to play in the Cotton Bowl Classic, and an opportunity to defeat the
University of Texas, which Texas A&M had not beaten since 1939. The Randolph Field Ramblers played the Texas Longhorns in the
Cotton Bowl Classic. All-America Football Conference career
<mask> was selected by the Chicago Bears in the annual draft of college football players, in Chicago, on December 22, 1941. He played his first professional game for the Brooklyn Dodgers against the Cleveland Browns. The Browns won 26–7 at Cleveland Stadium on October 6, 1946. <mask> helped account for the Dodgers' only score by recovering a Cliff Lewis fumble on the Browns' 6-yard-line, in the 3rd Quarter. <mask> recovered an Andy Dudish fumble early in the 1st Quarter during a November loss to the Buffalo Bisons.<mask> was named to the 1946 All-Pro second team picked by the Associated Press, on December 12. He was chosen, along with Bruiser Kinard, as one of two outstanding tackles named to the 1946 United Press All-America Conference All-Star Team. <mask> signed a three-year contract with Dodgers' general manager, Freddie Fitzsimmons, in March 1947. He had surgery for floating cartilage in his right knee at St. Vincent's Hospital, in December 1948. The Dodgers and New York Yankees merged in January 1949, reducing the AAFC to seven teams. The Yankee-Dodger aggregation played its home games in Yankee Stadium. <mask> scored a touchdown against the Buffalo Bills (AAFC) in September 1949.In a Brooklyn-New York 17–14 win, Frank Perantoni batted down a pass thrown by George Ratterman, at Civic Stadium. <mask> caught the ball and ran four yards into the end zone. NFL tackle
The
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AAFC folded following the 1949 season. The Browns, 49ers, and Colts moved into the NFL for the 1950 season. The remainder of the AAFC players were taken by the NFL via draft. The New York Bulldogs changed their name to the New York Yanks. <mask> signed with the Yanks in 1950 as one of the players the team received from the AAFC Yankees.In October 1950 <mask> sacked Quarterback Frankie Albert of the San Francisco 49ers for a safety near halftime of a game at Yankee Stadium. New York won the game, 29–24, in a come from behind victory. <mask> jarred the ball from Tobin Rote of the Green Bay Packers during an October 20 contest in New York. The ball was recovered for a 1st Quarter touchdown by Jack Russell of the Yanks. Saskatchewan Roughriders
In July 1951 Yanks' owner, Ted Collins, initiated legal action against <mask> and guard George Brown. Both had signed contracts to play in Canada. One of <mask>'s opponents, Edmonton Eskimos quarterback Jackie Parker, was a rookie out of the University of Tennessee.He reflected about his fear of <mask> in a 1972 Winnipeg Free Press article. Parker's coach, Pop Ivy, instructed his staff to study film in hopes of finding a weakness in <mask>'s game. The coaches found a tendency in the way <mask> positioned his left foot when he lined up in a three point stance. When he intended to come straight ahead the tackle placed his left foot forward. When he wanted to cut left he positioned his left foot back. One of Parker's teammates, Johnny Bright, did not think the advance scouting of <mask> helped the Eskimos very much. After getting smashed for a loss by <mask>, Bright grumbled in the huddle, I guess we gotta learn to live with him.<mask> was ejected from a September 1951 game with the Winnipeg Blue Bombers for slugging Dick Pinkston
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near the end of the first half. <mask> was selected as one of six Roughriders named to the 1956 Canadian Press Western Interprovincial Football Union All-StarTeam. Players were chosen by football writers and coaches in the league cities. <mask> and a teammate, defensive back Larry Isbell, barely missed taking an ill-fated Vancouver to Montreal Trans-Canada Airlines plane which experienced engine failure above Hope, British Columbia, on December 10, 1956. They had tickets on the following flight to Montreal after passing on the earlier flight. The missing plane's pilot turned back at Princeton, British Columbia, while facing snow and ice. The Trans Canada airliner, carrying 62 people, went down in the Chilliwack Mountain region of British Columbia.<mask> had just finished playing in the East–West All-Star Game. He was inducted into the Canadian Football Hall of Fame in 1974. Coach
In January 1965 <mask> was named head line coach by the University of Tulsa. He had coached earlier at Baylor University and Texas A&M University. References
1922 births
2002 deaths
American football offensive tackles
American football defensive tackles
American players of Canadian football
Canadian football defensive linemen
Canadian football offensive linemen
Baylor Bears football coaches
Brooklyn Dodgers (AAFC) players
New York Yankees (AAFC) players
New York Yanks players
Randolph Field Ramblers football players
Saskatchewan Roughriders players
Texas A&M Aggies football coaches
Texas A&M Aggies football players
Tulsa Golden Hurricane football coaches
Canadian Football Hall of Fame inductees
United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II
United States Army Air Forces officers
People from Lubbock, Texas
American emigrants to Canada
Waco High School alumni
Military personnel from
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<mask> ( ; born 21 March 1969) is an Iranian former professional footballer, football manager and businessman. A striker, he was the captain of the Iranian national team between 2000 and 2006 and played in the German Bundesliga for Arminia Bielefeld, Bayern Munich and Hertha Berlin. He is regarded as one of the best Asian footballers of all time. A tall forward, <mask> was a prolific goalscorer and was known for his heading accuracy and ability in the air. He was the world's top international goalscorer with 109 goals, until his record was broken by Cristiano Ronaldo in 2021. During his playing career, <mask> was appointed a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador in 2001. Following his retirement, <mask> served as a member of the FIFA Football Committee between 2007 and 2013.In 2014, he was inducted into the Asian Football Hall of Fame. Club career
Early years
<mask> was born in Ardabil, Imperial Iran. <mask> graduated from Sharif University of Technology in Materials Engineering (Metallurgical) with a BSc. degree. He began his playing career at 19 with hometown club Esteghlal Ardabi. His next club was Taxirani F.C. in Tehran, where he played for one season, before joining another Tehran-based club, Bank Tejarat.His tenure with Bank Tejarat lasted four years, scoring 49 goals in 75 games for the club. Move to Europe
After his success with Bank Tejarat FC, in 1994 <mask> joined one of Tehran's leading clubs, Persepolis. He went on to score 23 goals in 38 games for the club from 1994 to 1996. Following his impressive performance in the Asian Cup in 1996, he moved to Al Sadd for the 1996–1997 season, before joining Bundesliga side Arminia Bielefeld in 1997 alongside fellow Iranian national teammate Karim Bagheri. Yet at Bayern he found himself low in the pecking order. This coupled with the Iranian national team's scheduling, <mask> had found very little time for playing. <mask> was unhappy with his position in the club and decided to make a move to Hertha BSC before the end of his
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three-year contract, when Bayern won the championship title in the 1999 Bundesliga.<mask> became the first Asian player ever to feature in a UEFA Champions League match. He scored his first and second goal in the UEFA Champions League on 21 September 1999 in a group stage match against Chelsea, won by Hertha 2–1. He also scored in a 1–1 draw against A.C. Milan at the San Siro. Yet even at Hertha he was not a hugely important player, since he was only one of the squad's many successful players, who were to fulfill Hertha's Bundesliga and UEFA Champions League dreams. Return to Asia
<mask> was playing in numerous continental friendlies against world class opposition, yet was still unable to maintain a stable position in his club's starting line-up. In 2001, he was not among the top scorers in the Asian Qualifying round and he did not manage to take the team into the World Cup as captain for the first time. He joined the UAE league at 34 years of age, signing a contract with Al-Shabab as a free agent.In 2003, <mask> quit the UAE team and joined his old team in Tehran, Persepolis. <mask> moved from Persepolis to Saba Battery on a free transfer for a modest contract of around $300,000. He spent two years at Saba Battery, scoring 23 goals, winning the Hazfi Cup and participating in the Asian Champions League. After World Cup 2006 and the arrival of Saba Battery's new manager, Farhad Kazemi, it was announced that he was no longer needed on the team and his contract would not be renewed. Despite rumours of retirement, he signed for another industry-linked club from Tehran, Saipa, on 1 August 2006. On 6 March 2007, <mask> was fined $2000 and suspended for four games by the Iranian Football Federation after the incidents in a league game where he delivered a head-butt to the face of Sheys Rezaei. On 28 May 2007, after Saipa won the 2006–07 Persian Gulf Cup in a match vs Mes Kerman, <mask> announced his retirement from playing club football and that he would concentrate on his
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coaching career.International career
<mask> was called up to join Team Melli on 6 June 1993 in an ECO Cup tournament held in Tehran, where he made his debut for Iran against Pakistan. He continued his national team appearances and was named the top scorer of the final Asian round of 1994 FIFA World Cup qualifications with 4 goals in 5 matches. Despite criticism, <mask> played in the 2006 FIFA World Cup; the criticisms, however, were directed more at his fitness and the inability of younger players to play a part in the World Cup. From Iranian media calling for his retirement, <mask> has always defended his position in Team Melli and has rejected that he was too old to play for the team. College career
<mask> captained Islamic Azad University football team in 2007 World Interuniversity Games, scoring a hat-trick in the final match against University of Osijek and winning the gold medal. Coaching
In 2007 Summer Universiade, <mask> was in charge as the head coach of the Iran students national team. He was technical manager of the Islamic Azad University team in 2009 World Interuniversity Games.Managerial career
Saipa
On 8 October 2006, upon sudden leave of Saipa's German coach Werner Lorant, he was appointed as the interim manager of Saipa. He was later officially announced as the full-time manager. On 28 May, Saipa became the Persian Gulf Cup champions in <mask>'s first season at the helm. Going into his second season as manager, <mask> relinquished his playing duties for the defending champions and found himself on the sidelines full-time. The results of Saipa's 2007–2008 campaign were not nearly as successful as his team finished 11th in the 18 team Iran Pro League table. However, <mask> did lead Saipa to an Asian Champions League quarterfinal birth before leaving to take over as the full-time manager of the Iranian national football team. Iran national football team
On 2 March 2008, IRIFF officially appointed <mask> as Team Melli's new head coach.Despite
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admitting that his appointment as manager of the Iranian national team was a "surprise", <mask> refused to leave his current coaching job at Saipa F.C., therefore taking on dual managerial careers until after Saipa had entered the Asian Champion League quarterfinals, after which <mask> left Saipa by mutual consent. While <mask> guided Iran to a respectable 16–6–3 mark, his third loss on 28 March 2009 to a Saudi Arabian team that was down 1–0 to Iran in Tehran proved to be the final straw. During his tenure as the National Team coach, the Iranian team managed the weakest World Cup Qualification results in its history with only one win out of 5 WCQ games. After the loss in the 2010 World Cup Qualifier, <mask> was fired as head coach after the match. While introducing many new players such as Gholamreza Rezaei, and Ehsan Hajsafi, <mask>'s squad was often in flux as to who would be invited to a fixture. As well, many critics pointed towards the failures of <mask>'s team to score and an unsolved weakness in the central defense as causes for his downfall. Persepolis
In 2009, <mask> turned down a job offer as manager of Rah Ahan.It was widely believed that <mask> could be next in-line for the coaching position of Persepolis but the club chose Zlatko Kranjčar. On 28 December 2009, <mask> was chosen as a coach of Persepolis. At the end of the 2009–10 Season, Persepolis finished fourth in the league but they became Hazfi Cup champions. In the Hazfi Cup final, Persepolis defeated Azadegan League side Gostaresh Foolad Tabriz 4–1 on aggregate to qualify for the 2011 AFC Champions League. In the 2010–11 season, Persepolis finished fourth in the league and was eliminated in the group stage of the 2011 AFC Champions League but at the end of the season Persepolis won the 2010–11 Hazfi Cup after defeating rivals Sepahan, Foolad and Malavan. <mask> had many people against him while at Persepolis, including the chairman Habib Kashani and after a contention with Kashani, he stated that
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"I won't work with Kashani Anymore". On 20 June 2011, Technical committee of Perspolis re-appointed <mask> as Persepolis's head coach but he resigned on 21 June.The technical committee chose Hamid Estili as <mask>'s successor on that day. During his time at Persepolis, <mask> brought up many youngsters such as Hamidreza <mask> and Saman Aghazamani and other players such as Hadi Norouzi and Maziar Zare were chosen for Team Melli thanks to <mask>. Despite the fact that many challenges and difficulties such as the leaders of fans and the clubs' Chairman Kashani were in <mask>'s way, Persepolis was crowned Hazfi Cup Champions for two successive years and the fans themselves always loved and cheered <mask>, but at the same time they did not cheer for any player. Under the management of <mask>, Persepolis won back to back trophies for the first time in 13 seasons. Rah Ahan
On 14 July 2011, <mask> signed a one-year contract as head coach of Rah Ahan. In his first match as head coach of Rah Ahan, he made a 2–2 draw with Zob Ahan. In his first season as Rah Ahan's head coach, he led the club to the 11th position.During the 2012–13 season, <mask> used many young players such as Mojtaba Shiri and Omid <mask> Ahan finished the season in the 8th place which was the clubs' best finish in the league since 1937. Thanks to <mask>'s popularity, more people started to watch Rah Ahan's matches, and for the second straight year, <mask> was able to beat his former club Persepolis. Despite many rumors that <mask> will leave Rah Ahan for other clubs such as Persepolis or Tractor, he decided to stay with the club "to build a team that can qualify for the AFC Champions League." However, his contract was terminated on 20 May 2013, making ways for him to become head coach of Persepolis. Return to Persepolis
On 20 May 2013, he signed a three-year contract to become head coach of Persepolis after a long negotiation. It was the second time that he signed with Persepolis, he returned to his former
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side after two seasons. He officially began his work with Persepolis on 1 June 2013.His first match came against Tractor, which Persepolis won 1–0 with the goal coming from Mehdi Seyed Salehi. At the end of his first year at Persepolis, his side finished runners-up, two points less than champions Foolad. He was sacked on 10 September 2014 after a poor start of 2014–15 season. Saba Qom
On 1 July 2015, <mask> became manager of Naft Tehran on 5 July 2016 with signing a two-year contract, replacing <mask> Mansourian.He led Naft to the Hazfi Cup title but left the club at the end of the season. Return to Saipa
<mask> became manager of Saipa on 14 May 2017, a club that he started his coaching career in 2006 and led them to the league title in 2007. He led the club for two seasons and was sacked at the end of 2018–19 season. Personal life
Iranian journalist Camelia Entekhabifard wrote in her memoirs that she was marrying <mask> in fall 1997, but the couple separated. Business ventures and philanthropy
<mask> owns his own football jersey manufacturing company called Daei Sport's Wears & Equipments, making sportswear for Iran sporting clubs in various fields and league clubs worldwide. His company also made jerseys for the national team. He has made very significant charitable donations and has made appearances in charity football matches worldwide (featuring in the World vs. Bosnia match with Roberto Baggio and others).He also appeared in a UNICEF commercial with David Beckham and Madeleine Albright, and has regularly been seen working with the organisation. <mask> featured on 18 July 2007 in 90 Minutes for Mandela, a match between the Africa XI and the Rest of World XI to celebrate the birthday of Nelson Mandela. <mask> played approximately 10 minutes in the match which ended 3–3. Religion
<mask> is a religious person. While he played for Bayern Munich, he refused to hold a glass of beer for an Erdinger advertisement because alcoholic beverages are forbidden in Islam.
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Accident
On 17 March 2012, <mask>'s car overturned as he was driving back to Tehran from Isfahan with his brother. Just prior to the accident, his team, Rah Ahan, had been beaten by Sepahan.<mask> was then transferred to a hospital near Kashan. Rah Ahan's Media Officer, Hossein Ghadousi stated that "<mask> is in a stable condition with regards to his vital signs and is not currently in any acute danger as a result of the accident". He was transferred to Laleh hospital in Tehran the following day. A statement from the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) said: "The AFC wishes Iranian legend <mask>, who was involved in a car accident on Saturday, a speedy and full recovery. We stand ready to assist <mask>, who is a true icon of Asian football. Our thoughts and prayers are with him." Sepp Blatter, President of FIFA, said on his personal Twitter page that he was shocked to hear <mask> was injured.He also sent his best wishes for his recovery. Street attack
In November 2020, <mask> was attacked by two thieves while they were trying to steal his gold necklace in Tehran. Police announced that the two thieves have been arrested a few days after they attacked <mask>. Autobiography
On 7 April 2008, <mask> announced that he had begun writing an autobiography, due to be released in March 2010, and that despite reflecting on "bitter and sweet memories" he stated he would "keep some of his secrets in his heart forever". The book has not yet been released. Career statistics
Club
International
International goals
<mask> was named the world's top scorer in official international competitions by the International Federation of Football History and Statistics (IFFHS), having scored 20 goals in competitive matches for Iran in 1996, including his famous four-goal haul against South Korea in Asian Cup 1996. By the end of the 1996 Asian Cup, he had scored 29 goals in 38 appearances for Iran.In the 1998 World Cup qualifying campaign, he was again on top of the charts, scoring nine goals in
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17 matches for Iran, reaching at that time, 38 goals in 52 appearances for his country. <mask> joined the exclusive circle of players with a century of caps. In a 28 November 2003 Asian Cup qualifier in Tehran against Lebanon, he scored his 85th international goal, elevating him past the Hungarian Ferenc Puskás to top the all-time list of scorers in international matches. On 17 November 2004, he scored four goals against Laos in a World Cup qualifier, giving him 102 goals and making him the first male player to score 100 goals in international play. He has 149 caps for Iran and, as of 13 September 2019, is ranked 28th among the world's most capped players list. players
Al Sadd SC players
Arminia Bielefeld players
FC Bayern Munich footballers
Hertha BSC players
Al Shabab Al Arabi Club Dubai players
Saba players
Saipa F.C. players
Azadegan League players
Qatar Stars League players
Bundesliga players
UAE Pro League players
Persian Gulf Pro League players
Iranian football managers
Iran national football team managers
Persepolis F.C.managers
Saba Qom F.C. managers
Iranian businesspeople
FIFA Century Club
1996 AFC Asian Cup players
1998 FIFA World Cup players
2000 AFC Asian Cup players
2004 AFC Asian Cup players
2006 FIFA World Cup players
Sharif University of Technology alumni
Iranian Shia Muslims
Asian Games gold medalists for Iran
Asian Footballer of the Year winners
Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch alumni
Asian Games medalists in football
Footballers at the 1994 Asian Games
Footballers at the 1998 Asian Games
Footballers at the 2002 Asian Games
Recipients of the Order of Courage (Iran)
Medalists at the 1998 Asian Games
Medalists at the 2002 Asian Games
UNICEF Goodwill Ambassadors
Iranian expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Qatar
Expatriate footballers in Germany
Expatriate footballers in the United Arab Emirates
Iranian expatriate sportspeople in Qatar
Iranian expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Iranian expatriate sportspeople in the United
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<mask> () was an official of Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving briefly as chancellor. Background
It is not known when <mask> was born, but it is known that he was from the Zhou capital Luoyang. He was said to be tall, good at hiding his emotions, but daring to speak. After passing the imperial examination, he was made the sheriff of Mingtang County (), one of the counties making up the western capital Chang'an. At that time, his father <mask> () was serving as the prefect of Yi Prefecture (易州, in modern Baoding, Hebei) and was accused of receiving bribes, a capital offense. <mask> went to see Wu Zetian's powerful nephew Wu Chengsi and offered to have his two younger sisters become Wu Chengsi's servant girls. <mask>'s sisters, after being delivered to Wu Chengsi's mansion, however, would not speak for three days, and he asked them why—and they responded, "Our father has violated the law and is set to be sentenced to death, and therefore we are worried."Wu Chengsi interceded on <mask>'s behalf, and <mask> was spared. Rise to prominence
In 697, <mask> heard that the official Liu Sili () had been involved in a treasonous plot to make another official, Qilian Yao (), emperor. He reported this to fellow sheriff Lai Junchen—a previously powerful secret service official who had been demoted—and let Lai report this to Wu Zetian. As a part of subsequent investigation ordered by Wu Zetian, 36 families were slaughtered. Lai then wanted to monopolize Wu Zetian's awards, and therefore began to accuse <mask> of crimes. When <mask> heard this, he made an emergency secret report to Wu Zetian, and when she summoned him to her presence, he defended himself. Therefore, while Lai became powerful again, <mask> was also promoted.Later that year, when Lai was accused of planning to falsely accuse the Wu clan imperial princes and Wu Zetian's daughter Princess Taiping,
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Princess Taiping and the Wu clan princes reported this to Wu Zetian, and she arrested him, but was not certain whether to execute him, as she believed that he had contributed to her reign. On an occasion when Wu Zetian was touring her garden, <mask> was attending to her, and she asked him whether there was anything unusual happening among the people. He pointed out that the people were surprised that, despite the serious crimes that Lai was accused of, Wu Zetian had not put him to death. Wu Zetian, accepting <mask>'s suggestion that Lai should be put to death, and did so. She also promoted <mask> to be an assistant censor. It was said that because <mask> was talented and full of strategies, Wu Zetian greatly trusted him as a strategist. As Wu Zetian's confidant
At this time, Wu Zetian's son Li Dan, a former emperor of the Tang Dynasty, which was interrupted by Wu Zetian's reign, was crown prince, but her nephews Wu Chengsi and Wu Sansi had designs on the position, and were constantly having their associates lobby for them, pointing out that no emperor had ever designated someone of a different clan as heir.<mask>, who was friendly with Wu Zetian's lovers Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong, advised them that they would be in desperate situations if Wu Zetian should die and suggested that they should suggest the return of Li Dan's older brother Li Zhe, the Prince of Luling, himself a former emperor whom Wu Zetian had deposed and exiled—something also advocated by the chancellors Di Renjie, Wang Fangqing, and <mask>shan. The Zhangs did so, and Wu Zetian, knowing that it was <mask> who had given them the idea, summoned <mask> and questioned him about it. At <mask>'s further urging, Wu Zetian agreed with the proposal and, in 698, recalled Li Zhe to the capital. Soon, Li Dan offered to yield the position of crown prince, and Wu Zetian created Li Zhe
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crown prince and changed his name to Li Xian. Also in 698, there was a major Eastern Tujue attack. Wu Zetian made <mask> the prefect of Xiang Prefecture (相州, in modern Handan, Hebei), and placed him in charge of reviewing the affairs of the armies she sent against Eastern Tujue forces. <mask> initially declined the appointment, claiming that he knew nothing about military matters, and she responded, "The thieves [(i.e., the Eastern Tujue forces)] will be departing, and I want you to calm the people."During the campaign, <mask> observed that the people were glad to serve on the campaign when they heard that Li Xian had been nominally put in command of the army, and he told this to Wu Zetian, who in turn told him to publicize it to imperial officials. Because of this, the Wu clan imperial princes despised him. After the end of the campaign, there was an occasion when <mask> and Wu Yizong (), the Prince of Henan, a grandson of Wu Zetian's uncle Wu Shiyi (), were arguing over whose contributions during the Eastern Tujue campaign was greater—and during the argument, <mask>, who was tall and strong, physically imposed himself over Wu Yizong, who was short and bent in his stature, leading Wu Zetian to be displeased, commenting to herself, "<mask> even disrespects the Wus in my presence. After that certain day [(i.e., her death)], how can I depend on him?" Still, in 699, she made him an imperial attendant, along with Zhang Yizhi, Zhang Changzong, Tian Guidao (), <mask>u, <mask> <mask>, and Yuan Banqian (). She soon made him the deputy minister of civil service affairs (天官侍郎, Tianguan Shilang) and gave him the designation Tong Fengge Luantai Pinzhangshi (), making him a chancellor de facto. While he was serving as chancellor, Wu Zetian, still displeased over his disrespect for Wu Yizong, on an occasion when <mask> was reporting on matters of state and
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citing various historical incidents to support his argument, in order to frighten him, intentionally showed her anger, stating:
<mask>, in fear and sweating profusely, knelt and begged for forgiveness, and Wu Zetian did not take any actions against him at the time.Fall from power
However, the Wu clan princes, still despising <mask>, reported in 700 that <mask>'s younger brother had submitted false documentations in order to be made an official. As a result, <mask> was demoted to be the sheriff of Angu County (安固, in modern Wenzhou, Zhejiang). Before he departed, he had a last meeting with Wu Zetian, in which he wept and stated, "I am departing far from the palace gate, and I may never see Your Imperial Majesty again. However, I have some final words." Wu Zetian ordered him to sit down and asked him what he had to say. He said, "If clay and water are mixed into mud, do clay and water have any dispute with each other?" She responded, "Of course not."He then said, "If you divide the mud, taking one half and molding it into a Buddha, and taking the other half and molding it into a Tianzun, do they have a dispute with each other?" She responded, "Of course." <mask> then bowed and stated:
She responded, "I know this as well, but the situation is already like this, and there is nothing I can do." <mask> appeared to not have actually reported to Angu, but instead settled in Yang Prefecture (揚州, roughly modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu), and died soon thereafter. His contribution to Tang Dynasty's restoration was not recognized until Li Dan was restored to the throne in 710 as Emperor Ruizong, and Emperor Ruizong posthumously honored him. Notes and references
Old Book of Tang, vol. 186, part 1.New Book of Tang, vol. 117. Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 206. Chancellors under Wu Zetian
700s deaths
Politicians from Luoyang
Year of birth unknown
Tang dynasty politicians
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Meyer Harris "<mask>" <mask> (September 4, 1913 – July 29, 1976) was an American gangster, boxer and entrepreneur based in Los Angeles during the mid-20th century. Early life
<mask> was born on September 4, 1913, in New York City to Jewish parents from Eastern Europe. <mask>'s parents immigrated to the USA from Kiev. He was raised in New York City, before moving with his mother and siblings, at an early age, to Boyle Heights, Los Angeles. Aged 8, he earned money as a newsboy, selling newspapers on the street. One of his brothers, either Louie or Harry, would drop <mask> off at his regular corner, Soto and Brooklyn Streets (now Cesar E. Chavez Avenue). In 1922, his petty crimes landed <mask> in reform school.Boxing career
As a teenager, <mask> began boxing in illegal prizefights in Los Angeles. In 1929, the 15-year-old moved from Los Angeles to Cleveland, Ohio, to train as a professional boxer with the alias of 'Irish <mask>'. His first professional boxing match was on April 8, 1930, against Patsy Farr in Cleveland. It was one of the preliminary fights on the card for the Paul Pirrone versus Jimmy Goodrich feature bout. In a match on June 12, 1931, <mask> fought and lost against future world featherweight champion Tommy Paul. <mask> was knocked out cold after 2:20 into the first round. It was during this round he earned the moniker "Gangster <mask>".On April 11, 1933, <mask> fought against Chalky Wright in Los Angeles. Wright won the match, and <mask> was incorrectly identified as "<mask> from Denver, Colorado" in the Los Angeles Times sports page report. His last fight was on May 14, 1933, against Baby Arizmendi in Tijuana, Mexico. He finished his career at 8-8 and 5 draws -8 wins, 2 by knockout, 8 losses, 4 losses by knockout and 5 draws. Criminal career
In
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Cleveland, <mask> met Lou Rothkopf, an associate of gangster Moe Dalitz. <mask> later moved to New York, where he became an associate of labor racketeer Johnny Dio's brother, Tommy Dioguardi, and with Owney Madden. Finally, <mask> went to Chicago, where he ran a gambling operation for the Chicago Outfit, Al Capone's powerful criminal organization.Prohibition and the Chicago Outfit
During Prohibition, <mask> moved to Chicago and became involved in organized crime, working as an enforcer for the Chicago Outfit, where he briefly met Al Capone. During this period, <mask> was arrested for his role in the deaths of several gangsters in a card game. After a brief time in prison, <mask> was released and began running card games and other illegal gambling operations. He later became an associate of Capone's younger brother, Mattie Capone. While working for Jake Guzik, <mask> was forced to flee Chicago after an argument with a rival gambler. In Cleveland, <mask> worked once more for Lou Rothkopf, an associate of Meyer Lansky and Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel. However, there was little work available for <mask> in Cleveland, so Lansky and Rothkopf arranged for <mask> to work with Siegel in Los Angeles.From syndicate bodyguard to Sunset Strip kingpin
In 1939, being sent there by Meyer Lansky and Lou Rothkopf, <mask> arrived in Los Angeles to work under Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel. During their association, <mask> helped set up the Flamingo Hotel in Las Vegas and ran its sports book operation. He also was instrumental in setting up the race wire, which was essential to Vegas betting. During this time, <mask> met prostitute Lavonne Weaver (working alias Simoni King), and the couple married in 1940. In 1947, the crime families ordered the murder of Siegel due to his mismanagement of the
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Flamingo Hotel Casino, most likely because Siegel or his girlfriend Virginia Hill was skimming money. According to one account which does not appear in newspapers, <mask> reacted violently to Siegel's murder. Entering the Hotel Roosevelt, where he believed the killers were staying, <mask> fired rounds from his two .45 caliber semi-automatic handguns into the lobby ceiling and demanded that the assassins meet him outside in 10 minutes.However, no one appeared, and <mask> was forced to flee when the police arrived. <mask>'s violent methods came to the attention of state and federal authorities investigating Jack Dragna's operations. During this time, <mask> faced many attempts on his life, including the bombing of his home on posh Moreno Avenue in Brentwood. <mask> soon converted his house into a fortress, installing floodlights, alarm systems, and a well-equipped arsenal kept, as he often joked, next to his 200 tailor-made suits. <mask> briefly hired bodyguard Johnny Stompanato before Stompanato was killed in 1958 by Cheryl Crane, the daughter of actress Lana Turner. <mask> covered the expense for Stompanato's funeral and then gave Turner's love letters to Stompanato to the press—an attempt to discredit the worst allegations of threats and violence that Crane had alleged she suffered at the hands of the violent, womanizing Stompanato. Later years
In 1950, <mask> was investigated along with many other underworld figures by a U.S. Senate committee known as the Kefauver Commission.As a result of this investigation, <mask> was convicted of tax evasion in June 1951 and sentenced to prison for four years. Ben Hecht stated in his autobiography, A Child of the Century, that <mask> called him to say he wanted to do his part in helping Hecht raise money to support Menachem
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Begin's Irgun in its activities. <mask> called together a parlor meeting of people who did business with him and had Hecht address them on the importance of the cause. Each person was then asked to call out a sum he would donate. In some cases, <mask> told a donor "that's not enough," and they upped the pledge. Later, when <mask> was arrested, he called Hecht from prison to ask if he had access to some cash to help with his bail. When Hecht apologized, <mask> politely said goodbye, and they never spoke again.When he was released in October 1955, he became an international celebrity. He ran floral shops, paint stores, nightclubs, casinos, gas stations, a men's haberdashery, and even drove an ice cream van on San Vicente Boulevard in the Brentwood section of Los Angeles, according to author Richard Lamparski. In 1957, TIME magazine wrote a brief article about <mask>'s meeting with Billy Graham. <mask> said: "I am very high on the Christian way of life. Billy came up, and before we had food he said—What do you call it, that thing they say before food? Grace? Yeah, grace.Then we talked a lot about Christianity and stuff." Allegedly when <mask> did not change his lifestyle, he was confronted by Christian acquaintances. His response: "Christian football players, Christian cowboys, Christian politicians; why not a Christian gangster?" In 1961, <mask> was again convicted of tax evasion and sent to Alcatraz. He was the only prisoner ever bailed out of Alcatraz; his bond was signed by U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice Earl Warren. After his appeals failed, <mask> was sent to a federal prison in Atlanta, Georgia. His heavily armored Cadillac from this period was confiscated by the Los Angeles Police Department and is now on display at the Southward Car Museum in New
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Zealand.On August 14, 1963, during his time at the Atlanta Federal Penitentiary, inmate Burl Estes McDonald attempted to kill <mask> with a lead pipe. In 1972, <mask> was released from the Atlanta Federal Penitentiary, where he had spoken out against prison abuse. He had been misdiagnosed with an ulcer, which turned out to be stomach cancer. After undergoing surgery, he continued touring the United States and made television appearances, once with Ramsey Clark. <mask>, who was 62, died of complications from stomach cancer surgery in July 1976, and is interred in the Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery in Culver City, California. In popular culture and media
Films
In the film Bugsy (1991), <mask> is portrayed by actor Harvey Keitel. Keitel received an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor.In the film L.A. Confidential (1997), based on James Ellroy's 1990 novel, <mask> is portrayed by actor Paul Guilfoyle in a bit part but is a major influence throughout the rest of the movie. In the film Gangster Squad (2013), <mask> is portrayed by actor Sean Penn and is the main antagonist of the film, portrayed as a sadistic and cruel man who enjoys murder and intends to expand his criminal enterprises to other major cities in the United States. The film shows a fictionalized version of <mask>'s downfall: <mask> is beaten in a fistfight and arrested by the LAPD for murdering one of his subordinates, when he was actually imprisoned for tax evasion. Also, he is sentenced to life imprisonment, when in real life, <mask> was eventually released from custody and died of stomach cancer. It was also intimated at the end of the film that <mask> was beaten to death with a lead pipe when he was sent to Alcatraz by acquaintances of the man he killed. In the film The Lincoln Lawyer (2011),
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the protagonist, Michael Haller, played by actor Matthew McConaughey, owns a pistol said to have been owned by <mask>, and given to him by Haller's father after he successfully defended <mask> in a murder case.Games
Patrick Fischler lends his voice and likeness to play <mask> in the 2011 video game L.A. Noire (set in 1947), who is involved in a few cases while working the Vice desk. Literature
In James Ellroy's L.A. Quartet book series, <mask> plays a major supporting role in three of the novels: The Big Nowhere (1988), L.A. Confidential (1990) and White Jazz (1992). In retired newspaperman Howard Scott Williams' 2017 memoir The Gangster's Butler, recounting stories he reported on from 1948 to 1976, he recounts posing as a butler for <mask> in order get information for a story. Television
In Frank Darabont's television series Mob City, <mask> is portrayed by Jeremy Luke. References
Additional sources
Davies, Lloyd G., Los Angeles City Council member, 1943–51, questioned police wiretaps on <mask>
Kelly, Robert J. Encyclopedia of Organized Crime in the United States. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2000.Phillips, Charles and Alan Axelrod. Cops, Crooks, and Criminologists: An International Biographical Dictionary of Law Enforcement. Updated edition. New York: Checkmark Books, 2000. Sifakis, Carl. The Mafia Encyclopedia. New York: Facts on File, 2005.Sifakis, Carl. The Encyclopedia of American Crime. New York: Facts on File, 2001. Further reading
Ed Clark, "Trouble in Los Angeles", Life, 1950
Nugent, John Peer. <mask>, In My Own Words: The Underworld Autobiography of <mask> <mask>, As Told To John Peer Nugent (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1975)
Kelly, Robert J. Encyclopedia of Organized Crime in the United States (Westport, Connecticut:
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Greenwood Press, 2000)
Phillips, Charles and Alan Axelrod. Cops, Crooks, and Criminologists: An International Biographical Dictionary of Law Enforcement, Updated Edition (New York: Checkmark Books, 2000)
Sifakis, Carl. The Mafia Encyclopedia (New York: Facts on File, 2005)
Steve Stevens and Craig Lockwood, King of the Sunset Strip: Hangin' With <mask> and the Hollywood Mob (Cumberland House Publishing, 2006)
F. Murray, "The Charmed Life of M. <mask>", Front Page Detective, 1966, 30(3):44–45, 63.Lewis, Brad. Hollywood's Celebrity Gangster: The Incredible Life and Times of <mask> (New York: Enigma Books, 2007) , . George A. Day, JUANITA DALE SLUSHER alias CANDY BARR (ERBE Publishing Company, 2008 )
United States Treasury Department, Bureau of Narcotics, Mafia: The Government's Secret File on Organized Crime (Skyhorse Publishing, 2009)
Tereba, Tere. <mask>: The Life and Crimes of L.A.'s Notorious Mobster (ECW Press, May 1, 2012)
Piper, Michael Collins, "Final judgment: The missing link in the JFK assassination conspiracy" (Wolfe Press 1995)
External links
Benny's Shadow: All about <mask> by Mark Gribben
Recollections of <mask> on the Los Angeles Times' Daily Mirror blog
Biography of <mask> - Biography.com
Time, April 15, 1957
Beyond 'Gangster Squad': The Real <mask>, by Tere Tereba
1913 births
1976 deaths
American crime bosses
American people convicted of tax crimes
Burials at Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery
Deaths from cancer in California
Deaths from stomach cancer
Jewish American gangsters
Sportspeople from Brooklyn
American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent
Inmates of Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary
People from Boyle Heights, Los Angeles
Jewish boxers
Featherweight boxers
American male boxers
People from Brentwood, Los Angeles
Boxers from New York
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<mask> (born 1938) is Professor Emeritus in the University of Washington Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies. <mask> holds a Ph.D., in Comparative Literature from Columbia University (1965), an M.A. in English Literature from Columbia University (1962) and also a B.A., in Philosophy from the University of California, Los Angeles (1960). <mask> was a member of the faculties of both the Comparative Literature Department and the Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies, where he served as Associate Director and chaired programs in both Comparative Religion and European Studies (1994). <mask> was also the founder of those two programs: Comparative Religion in 1974, and European Studies in 1994. He retired from the University of Washington in 2000, where he now has the title Professor Emeritus of International Studies. <mask> has two books on the novels and plays of Samuel Beckett, and has authored the books The Dark Dove: The Sacred and Secular in Modern Literature (1975), Eric Voegelin, Philosopher of History (1981), Philosophers of Consciousness (1988) and The Self Between: From Freud to the New Social Psychology of France (1993), all published by the University of Washington Press.His book World View and Mind: Religious Thought and Psychological Development was published by the University of Missouri Press in 2009, and his In Search of the Triune God: The Christian Paths of East and West was published by the same press in 2014. <mask> translated and wrote the introduction to Jean-Michel Oughourlian's, The Puppet of Desire: The Psychology of Hysteria, Possession, and Hypnosis, (Stanford: Stanford University
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Field Marshal <mask>, 1st <mask>, PC (28 February 172414 September 1807), known as The Viscount <mask> from 1764 to 1787, was a British soldier and politician. After serving at the Battle of Dettingen during the War of the Austrian Succession and the Battle of Culloden during the Jacobite Rising, <mask> took command of the British forces for the closing stages of the Battle of the Plains of Abraham during the Seven Years' War. He went on to be Lord Lieutenant of Ireland or Viceroy where he introduced measures aimed at increasing the size of Irish regiments, reducing corruption in Ireland and improving the Irish economy. In cooperation with Prime Minister North in London he solidified governmental control over Ireland. He also served as Master-General of the Ordnance, first in the North Ministry and then in the Fox–North Coalition. Military career
Early years
Born the son of <mask>, 3rd Viscount Townshend, and Audrey Etheldreda <mask> (born Harrison), <mask> was educated at Eton College and St John's College, Cambridge. He joined the army as a volunteer in Summer 1743 and first saw action at the Battle of Dettingen in June 1743 during the War of the Austrian Succession.He became a captain in the 7th Regiment of Dragoons in April 1745 and saw action in the Netherlands. He fought at the Battle of Culloden in April 1746 during the Jacobite Rising, and having been appointed an aide-de-Camp to the Duke of Cumberland and having transferred to the 20th Regiment of Foot in February 1747, he took part in the Battle of Lauffeld in July 1747 during the later stages of the War of the Austrian Succession. While serving in Belgium, <mask> was elected Member of Parliament for Norfolk
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unopposed in 1747. He became a captain in the 1st Regiment of Foot Guards and lieutenant colonel in the Army on 25 February 1748. In 1751 he wrote a pamphlet which was deeply critical of Cumberland's military skills. Meanwhile, he argued in parliament that courts martial rather than commanding officers should be responsible for discipline in the Army, pressed for a larger militia and smaller standing army and was personally responsible for ensuring that the Militia Act of 1757 reached the statute book. Promoted to the rank of colonel on 6 May 1758, he became colonel of the 64th Regiment of Foot in June 1759.Seven Years' War
<mask> was given command of a brigade in Quebec under General James Wolfe; when the latter died on 13 September 1759, and his second-in-command (Robert Monckton) was wounded, <mask> took command of the British forces during Battle of the Plains of Abraham. He received Quebec City's surrender on 18 September 1759. However, he held General Wolfe in much contempt (drawing Wolfe in caricature he created Canada's first cartoon), and was harshly criticized upon his return to Great Britain for that reason (Wolfe was a popular hero throughout the country). Nevertheless, he became colonel of the 28th Regiment of Foot in October 1759, was promoted to major general on 6 March 1761 and fought at the Battle of Villinghausen in July 1761. In May 1762 he took command of a division of the Anglo-Portuguese army, with the local rank of lieutenant-general, to protect Portugal during the Spanish invasion of Portugal. Post-war
<mask> became Lieutenant-General of the Ordnance in the Grenville Ministry in March 1763 and succeeded his father as Viscount <mask> in March 1764.
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Viceroy of Ireland
He went on to be Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in the Chatham Ministry in August 1767 and introduced measures aimed at increasing the size of Irish regiments, reducing corruption in Ireland and improving the Irish economy.After the Parliament of Ireland rejected his money bill, <mask> prorogued parliament in November 1767, making himself very unpopular in Dublin. Most important, he collaborated with Prime Minister Lord North in London in solidified governmental control over Ireland. Later life
Promoted to the substantive rank of lieutenant general on 30 April 1770, he was replaced as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in September 1772. <mask> returned to office as Master-General of the Ordnance in the North Ministry in October 1772. In the aftermath of his unpopular tour in Ireland, he found himself fighting a duel with Charles Coote, 1st Earl of Bellomont, an Irish Peer, on 2 February 1773, badly wounding the Earl with a bullet in the groin. <mask> became colonel of the 2nd Dragoon Guards in July 1773. In 1779 Richard Edwards, Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador, began work on Fort Townshend, a fortification in Newfoundland and Labrador, naming it after Lord <mask>.<mask> stood down as Master-General of the Ordnance in March 1782 when the <mask> of Rockingham came to power but, having been promoted to full general on 26 November 1782, was restored to the post of Master-General of the Ordnance in the Fox–North Coalition in April 1783. He retired from that office when William Pitt the Younger came to power in January 1784. Created <mask> on 27 October 1787, <mask> became Lord Lieutenant of Norfolk in February 1792. He also became Governor of Kingston-upon-Hull
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in 1794 and Governor of the Royal Hospital Chelsea in July 1795. A peculiar tragedy befell <mask> in May 1796: his son, Lord Charles, had just been elected MP for Great Yarmouth, and he took a carriage to London with his brother, the Rev. Lord Frederick, the Rector of Stiffkey. During the journey, Lord Frederick inexplicably killed his brother with a pistol shot to the head, and was ultimately adjudged insane.Promoted to field marshal on 30 July 1796, <mask> died at his family home, Raynham Hall in Norfolk on 14 September 1807 and was buried in the family vault there. Family
On 19 December 1751, <mask> had married Charlotte Compton, 16th Baroness Ferrers of Chartley (d. 1770), daughter of James Compton, 5th Earl of Northampton. They had eight children:
<mask>, 2nd <mask> (1755–1811)
Lord <mask> (19 January 175725 February 1833)
Lady <mask> (died 21 March 1811)
The Rev. Lord Frederick Patrick <mask> (30 December 176718 January 1836)
Lord <mask> (176827 May 1796)
Lady Charlotte (1757-16 December 1757)
Lady Caroline
Lady <mask>
He married Anne Montgomery, the daughter of Sir William Montgomery, 1st Baronet, on 19 May 1773. Anne was Mistress of the Robes to Caroline, Princess of Wales, from 1795 to 1820. They had six children:
Lord <mask> (1778–1794)
Captain Lord James Nugent Boyle Bernardo <mask> (11 September 178528 June 1842)
Lady <mask> (1775-1826)
Lady <mask> (16 March 177630 July 1856), married the 6th Duke of Leeds. Lady Honoria <mask> (1777–1826)
Lady <mask> (died 9 November 1848)
References
Sources
Further reading
Bartlett, Thomas."Viscount <mask> and the Irish Revenue Board, 1767-73." Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, Section C (1979):
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<mask> (7 July 1896 – 9 June 1993), known as B. D<mask>, was an African-American labor organizer and civil rights leader. Particularly influential in the fight for African Americans and workers during the period of official segregation in the South and informal discrimination throughout the country, <mask> is most remembered for his militant Communist activism on behalf of the notable legal cases of the falsely-accused Scottsboro Boys, the African-American organizer Angelo Herndon, as well as the white labor leader Tom Mooney. Biography
Born <mask> in Chicago, Illinois, in 1896, Amis went by B. D<mask> throughout his life, although often signing his letters as "B. <mask>is" in the 1930s. Growing up in the black neighborhoods of Chicago, B. D<mask> was strongly influenced by the anti-lynching writings of Ida B<mask>, a Southern-born African-American journalist, civil rights leader, and women's rights activist then living in Chicago. Politically involved since the early 1920s, by 1928, Amis was president of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People's Peoria branch. The recently founded Communist Party, organized on a favorable position towards African Americans, provided an invitation to a meeting in New York City, which made a profoundly interested him as one of the few non-black organizations in the 1920s willing to seriously struggle against racism, and Amis would soon be working with William Z. Foster, the party leader and presidential candidate, whom Amis would help renominate together with the African-American vice president nominee James W. Ford in 1932.Amis began contributing to Party journals not long afterward. The 1930 "Lynch Justice" attacked the Communist Party's leftist opposition, the less radical Socialist Party, which, although progressive in relation to the idea of African-American equality in the northern states, had decided to abstain from taking a position on the rights of African Americans. <mask> wrote:
From 1930, Amis headed the newly formed League of Struggle for Negro Rights, a radical organization formed
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on the basis of Leninist principles; although seeing black sovereignty in majority-black areas of the South as an ideal, given the fever-pitch racism then prevailing in the United States, the organization focused on publicizing the plight of the oppressed black minority through its newspaper, The Liberator, which B. D<mask> edited, and on promoting direct action protests against lynching, tenant evictions, and the Jim Crow segregation laws, as well as racism in the legal system and other manifestations. In 1933, the League issued a "Bill of Rights for the Negro People" – a document calling on Franklin Roosevelt to protect African Americans; a petition for action from the president was carried to Washington, D.C. by 3,500 activists. In 1931 – almost right after Amis had completed writing "Lynching Justice" – the Scottsboro Boys case came to light in Alabama: nine young black men who had gotten into a fight with a group of white youth were subsequently charged with raping two white women. By sundown on the same day, a freshly formed lynch mob was demanding that the youths be surrendered to them for immediate lynching. Authorities pleaded against mob violence by promising speedy trials and asking "the Judge to send them to the chair"; fifteen days later, eight were sentenced to death, and the Communist Party managed to convince the parents of the minors to let International Labor Defense take charge of the defense.Deeply involved in the case, Amis travelled to Alabama. Amis' 1931 commentary about the case, juxtaposed against a set of photographs from Scottsboro, "They Shall Not Die! The Story of Scottsboro in Pictures" – published in the June 6 copy of The Liberator – galvanized as a rallying cry for the accused defendants at the beginning of the trials. B. D<mask>' son, <mask><mask>, writes that
Amis and Scottsboro historian William T. Howard writes that <mask>' article "gave the Party campaign its slogan," which spread far beyond both the Deep South and the United States. In addition to the coverage of the case received in the Soviet Union, where
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racially integrated march of the unemployed in 1932 and was subsequently arrested when Georgia police found Communist Party literature was found in his bedroom. <mask>, as leader of the League of Struggle for Negro Rights, participated in the campaign for Herndon's release, although the party's efforts were already heavily committed to the release of the nine Scottsboro teenagers. <mask>' other work for the Communist Party took him to various locations within the country.He went on to become District Organizer for the Communist Party in Cleveland. He also travelled outside the United States. He took advantage of the opportunity to study formally in the Soviet Union as well as to hone further organizing skill, and contributed writings for the Negro Worker, the newspaper of the International Trade Union Committee of Negro Workers while working abroad. The 1930s also saw Amis engage in the radical campaign to free Tom Mooney, the militant white socialist labor leader whose jailing in the 1910s, like those of the African-American defendants, had been conducted in a lynch mob atmosphere – even as evidence against Mooney had also been faked and testimony against the activist would be revealed as perjured. In his capacity as a politician, Amis to publicize the Mooney case among both black and white workers. Nominating William Z. Foster for presidential candidate during the Communist Party's Chicago convention in 1932, Amis spoke of Foster's support for Mooney figured prominently in <mask>' endorsement; Amis described Foster as "an outstanding fighter" for the freedom of Tom Mooney as well as <mask> and the Scottsboro Boys, all reasons "which prove his ability to lead workers today in deadly struggle against war and capitalism" and showing "the revolutionary way out of the crisis.. ."
Having moved to Pennsylvania in the 1930s, <mask> ran a 1936 campaign for state general auditor and supporting the national Foster-Ford campaign in the national electoral race. His later activity included organizing the Catering Industry Employees Union, Local 758, an
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African-American local of the Hotel and Restaurant Employees and Bartenders International Union (AFL), serving as an elected officers of both unions in the later 1930s and early 1940s. A longtime activist in Pennsylvania, <mask> subsequently worked for the Gulf Oil Company, while continuing his radical union and community organizing activities. <mask> died in Alexandria, Virginia on June 9, 1993, thirty days before his 97th birthday – committed to his radical principles throughout his life. <mask>' son <mask><mask>, a Professor of Education at Michigan State and Purdue universities, helped pioneer the development of African-American literature courses at Michigan State. Amis' archive of papers and important documents, made public for the interests of general research by the Communist Party, presently reside at New York University's Tamiment Library. See also
Civil rights movement (1896–1954)
The Communist Party USA and African-Americans
The Scottsboro Boys
Communist Party USA
League of Struggle for Negro Rights
The Liberator (magazine)
References
Further reading
Walter T. Howard (Ed.)B.D<mask>, African American Radical: A Short Anthology of Writings and Speeches. Lanham, Md. : University Press of America, 2007. Walter T. Howard, We Shall Be Free! : Black Communist Protests in Seven Voices. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 2013.External links
"B.D<mask> – Black Communist and Labor Leader" – A remembrance by B. D<mask>' son, Dr. <mask><mask> (People's Weekly World). "Guide to the B. D. Amis Papers, 1930–2004 (Bulk 1930–1949): Tamiment 355" – A biographical introduction from New York University's Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archive. 1896 births
1993 deaths
People from Chicago
African-American people in Pennsylvania politics
American Marxists
American socialists
American communists
African-American trade unionists
American anti-racism activists
American community activists
African-American Marxists
Communist Party USA politicians
Pennsylvania politicians
Trade unionists from Pennsylvania
Activists from
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<mask> ( ; born August 8, 1949) is an American actor who has had success on stage, film, and television. He is known for his roles as Tom Frank in Robert Altman's film Nashville, Wild Bill Hickok in the HBO series Deadwood, FBI agent Frank Lundy in Dexter, Lou Solverson in the first season of Fargo, and US president Conrad Dalton in Madam Secretary. As a member of the Carradine family, he is part of an acting dynasty that began with his father, John Carradine. Early life
Carradine was born in San Mateo, California. He is the son of actress and artist Sonia Sorel (née Henius), and actor <mask>. His full brothers are Christopher and Robert Carradine, both of whom are actors. His paternal half-brothers are Bruce and David Carradine.His maternal half-brother is Michael Bowen. His maternal great-grandfather was biochemist Max Henius, and his maternal great-grandmother was the sister of historian Johan Ludvig Heiberg. Carradine's childhood was troubled; he has said that his father drank and his mother "was a manic depressive paranoid schizophrenic catatonic—she had it all." His parents were divorced in 1957, when he was eight years old. A bitter custody battle led to his father gaining custody of him and his brothers, Christopher and Robert, after the children had spent three months in a home for abused children as wards of the court. <mask> said of the experience, "It was like being in jail. There were bars on the windows, and we were only allowed to see our parents through glass doors.It was very sad. We would stand there on either side of the glass door crying." He was raised in San Mateo primarily by his maternal
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Tony-nominated performance for Best Actor (Musical) as the title character in the Tony Award-winning musical, The Will Rogers Follies in 1991, for which he also received a Drama Desk Award nomination. He won the Outer Critics Circle Award for Foxfire with Hume Cronyn and Jessica Tandy, and appeared as Lawrence in Dirty Rotten Scoundrels at the Imperial Theater. In 2008, he appeared as Dr. Farquhar Off-Broadway in Mindgame, a thriller by Antony Horowitz, directed by Ken Russell, who made his New York directorial debut with the production. In March and April 2013, he starred in the Broadway production of Hands on a Hardbody. He was nominated for the Tony Award and the Drama Desk Award for his work. Film
Carradine's first notable film appearance was in director Robert Altman's McCabe & Mrs. Miller (1971). His next film, Emperor of the North Pole (1973), was re-released with a shorter title Emperor of the North.Carradine played a young aspiring hobo. The film was directed by Robert Aldrich and also starred Lee Marvin and Ernest Borgnine. Carradine then starred in Altman's film Thieves Like Us (1974), then played a principal character, a callow, womanizing folk singer, Tom Frank, in Altman's critically acclaimed film Nashville (1975; see "Music and songwriting"). He had difficulty shaking the image of Tom Frank following the popularity of the film. He felt the role gave him the reputation of being "a cad." In 1977 Aldrich said "I think that <mask>ne, if he's careful—I don't think he is careful—and if he's prudent about the selection of his parts, can be a great big movie star. I think that whoever's advising him is
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making some terrible selections about material.Because I think the guy is gifted, he's talented, he's attractive." In 1977, Carradine starred opposite Harvey Keitel in Ridley Scott's The Duellists. Pretty Baby followed in 1978. He has acted in several offbeat films of Altman's protege Alan Rudolph, playing a disarmingly candid madman in Choose Me (1984), an incompetent petty criminal in Trouble in Mind (1985), and an American artist in 1930s Paris in The Moderns (1988). He appeared with brothers David and Robert as the Younger brothers in Walter Hill's film The Long Riders (1980). <mask> played Jim Younger in that film. In 1981, he appeared again under Hill's direction in Southern Comfort.In 1994, he had a cameo role as Will Rogers in Rudolph's film about Dorothy Parker, Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle. He co-starred with Daryl Hannah as homicidal sociopath John Netherwood in the thriller The Tie That Binds (1995). In 2011, he starred in Cowboys and Aliens, an American science fiction western film directed by Jon Favreau also starring Daniel Craig, Harrison Ford, and Olivia Wilde. Carradine traveled to Tuscany in 2012 to executive produce and star in John Jopson's Edgar Allan Poe inspired film Terroir. In 2013, he starred in Ain't Them Bodies Saints, which won the 2013 Sundance Film Festival award for cinematography. In 2016 <mask> played Edward Dickinson, father of Emily Dickinson, in A Quiet Passion, a biographical film directed and written by Terence Davies about the life of the American poet. In 2016 Carradine returned to star in his fourth Alan Rudolph film Ray Meets Helen, which was the final screen
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appearance of Sondra Locke.Music and songwriting
His brother, David, said in an interview that <mask> could play any instrument he wanted, including bagpipes and the French horn. Like David, <mask> integrated his musical talents with his acting performances. In 1975, he performed a song he had written, "I'm Easy", in the movie Nashville. It was a popular hit, and Carradine won a Golden Globe and an Oscar for Best Original Song for the tune. This led to a brief singing career; he signed a contract with Asylum Records and released two albums – I'm Easy (1976) and Lost & Found (1978). His song "Mr. Blue" was number 44 in the Canadian AC charts in April 1978. In 1984, he appeared in the music video for Madonna's single "Material Girl".In the early 1990s, he played the lead role in the Tony Award-winning musical The Will Rogers Follies. Television
In 1972, Carradine appeared briefly in the first season of the hit television series, Kung Fu, which starred his brother, David. <mask> played a younger version of David's character, Kwai Chang Caine. In 1987, he starred in the highly rated CBS miniseries Murder Ordained with JoBeth Williams and Kathy Bates. Other TV appearances include My Father My Son (1988), a television film. In 1983, he appeared as Foxy Funderburke, a murderous pedophile, in the television miniseries Chiefs, based on the Stuart Woods novel of the same name. His performance in Chiefs earned him a nomination for an Emmy Award in the "Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited Series or a Special" category.Carradine also starred in the ABC sitcom Complete Savages, and he played Wild Bill Hickok in the HBO
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series Deadwood. Carradine hosted the documentary Wild West Tech series on the History Channel in the 2003–2004 season, before handing the job over to his brother, David. In the 2005 miniseries Into the West, produced by Steven Spielberg and DreamWorks, Carradine played Richard Henry Pratt. During the second and fourth seasons of the Showtime series Dexter, he appeared numerous times as FBI Special Agent Frank Lundy. Carradine is credited with guest starring twice on the suspense-drama Criminal Minds, as the psychopathic serial killer Frank Breitkopf. Other shows he appeared in include The Big Bang Theory (as Penny's father Wyatt), Star Trek: Enterprise ("First Flight" episode) and the Starz series Crash. Carradine also made a guest appearance on NCIS in 2014.Also in 2014, he had a recurring role as Lou Solverson in the FX series Fargo, followed by a recurring role as President Conrad Dalton on Madam Secretary. He was promoted to series regular starting with the show's second season. In July 2016, Carradine hosted a month-long series of Western films on Turner Classic Movies. He appeared in dozens of wraparounds on the channel, discussing such films as Stagecoach, featuring his father, and McCabe and Mrs. Miller, in which he himself appears in a small role. Video games
In 2012, Carradine lent his voice to the video game Hitman: Absolution, voicing the primary antagonist Blake Dexter. Personal life
Carradine met actress Shelley Plimpton in the Broadway musical Hair. She was married to actor Steve Curry, although they were separated; she and Carradine became romantically involved.After <mask> left the show and was
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in California he learned that Shelley was pregnant and had reunited with Curry. He met his daughter, Martha Plimpton, when she was four years old, after Shelley and Steve Curry had divorced. He said of Shelley, "She did a hell of a job raising Martha. I was not there. I was a very young man, absolutely terrified. She just took that in, and then she welcomed me into Martha's life when I was ready." <mask> married Sandra Will on February 6, 1982.They were separated in 1993, before Will filed for divorce in 1999. The couple had two children: Cade Richmond Carradine (born July 19, 1982) and Sorel Johannah Carradine (born June 18, 1985). In 2006, Will pleaded guilty to two counts of perjury for lying to a grand jury about her involvement in the Anthony Pellicano wire tap scandal. She hired and then became romantically involved with Pellicano after her divorce from Carradine. According to FBI documents, Pellicano tapped Carradine's telephone and recorded calls between him and girlfriend Hayley Leslie DuMond at Will's request, along with DuMond's parents. Carradine filed a civil lawsuit against Will and Pellicano which was settled in 2013 before it went to trial. On November 18, 2006, Carradine married actress Hayley DuMond, in Turin, Italy.They met in 1997 when they co-starred in the Burt Reynolds film The Hunter's Moon. Filmography
Film
Television
Video games
Awards and nominations
See also
Carradine family
List of 1970s one-hit wonders in the United States
References
Further reading
Pilato, Herbie J. The Kung Fu Book of Caine: The Complete Guide to TV's First Mystical Eastern Western. Boston: Charles A.
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Tuttle, 1993. External links
Official site Mindgame
BroadwayWorld.com interview with <mask>ne, October 16, 2008
American male film actors
American male musical theatre actors
American male stage actors
American male television actors
American male video game actors
American male voice actors
American people of Danish descent
1949 births
Living people
Carradine family
Male actors from California
Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songwriters
Golden Globe Award-winning musicians
Male actors from the San Francisco Bay Area
People from Topanga, California
Songwriters from California
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
20th-century American singers
21st-century American singers
20th-century American male singers
21st-century American male singers
Audiobook narrators
American male
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<mask> (26 December 1909 in London, UK – 10 January 2005 in Melbourne) was an Australian scholar and prolific author on art. She enjoyed a long career at the National Gallery of Victoria in Melbourne, where she was deputy director from 1968 to 1973. Her involvement then continued when she was appointed London Adviser of the Felton Bequest (1975–83), a major charitable foundation dedicated to the NGV. Early years
<mask> was born on 26 December 1909 in London to <mask>, Hamburg-based German Jewish merchant, and his wife, née Thusnelde Margarethe (Tussi) Bulcke, of a German Lutheran upper-middle-class family. Shortly after her birth, the family moved to Hamburg, where <mask> grew up and completed her primary and secondary education. In 1930, <mask> commenced academic studies spread between the universities of Frankfurt, Cologne, and Munich; later the same year, she commenced studies at the University of Hamburg; among her teachers were Erwin Panofsky, Aby Warburg, Ernst Cassirer, and Fritz Saxl. Upon Adolf Hitler's appointment as Chancellor of Germany and the introduction of anti-Jewish measures in January 1933, <mask>'s father, <mask>, left immediately for London; <mask> and her mother Tussi followed him shortly in July.Because she was born in England, <mask> was able to take up British citizenship, and due to her excellent English, she was quickly absorbed into British academic and cultural institutions. Over the next several years she worked with
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the curatorial staff at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford; the British Museum; at the Courtauld Institute of Art. However, existing employment regulations in England barred her, and many other refugees, from permanent full-time positions. She was also able to continue working on a doctoral thesis, Rembrandt und England, which investigated the influence of Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn in the eighteenth-century England, primarily through the appointment of Sir Godfrey Kneller to the court of William III of England in 1688. From 1934 to 1935 returned to complete her thesis at the University of Hamburg, where she was awarded a PhD. From 1935 to 1939 <mask> continued living in London and working in a variety of curatorial and research positions at the Royal Academy; National Gallery; and the British Museum; and wrote for the Journal of the Warburg Institute and the Burlington Magazine.National Gallery of Victoria
In December 1939, <mask> arrived in Australia to take up a position of secretary at the University Women's College, University of Melbourne. In 1942, she was invited by Sir Daryl Lindsay, the newly appointed director of the National Gallery of Victoria, to deliver a series of lunch time lectures at Melbourne's premier cultural institution. In 1943, Lindsay appointed <mask> as the NGV's Assistant Keeper of Prints and Drawings. She thus became the first woman and first tertiary qualified art historian to work within a state gallery in Australia.
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<mask> remained at the NGV until her retirement in 1973, becoming Keeper of Prints and Drawings in 1949, and its deputy director in 1968. During her tenure at the National Gallery of Victoria, Hoff pioneered the professional cataloguing of the NGV's holdings; produced important and internationally recognised publications and catalogues of its collections; curated numerous important exhibitions; published monographs on Charles Conder, William Blake, Rembrandt, and many others; secured important works by Paul Klee, Marc Chagall, Albrecht Dürer, Rembrandt, Pablo Picasso, Anthony van Dyck, Giovanni Batista Tiepolo, Salvador Dalí, and innumerable others for the NGV's collection; became Founding Editor of the Art Bulletin of Victoria; and published extensively in Australian and International art journals. An excellent source on <mask>'s early years and her work at the National Gallery of Victoria is Sheridan Palmer's Centre of the Periphery: Three European Art Historians in Melbourne (Nth Melbourne, Vic: Australian Scholarly Publishing, 2008).London advisor to the Felton Bequest
In 1975, <mask> was appointed advisor to the Felton Bequest and moved to London. Over her tenure as the London Advisor, she secured many outstanding works for the National Gallery of Victoria, including Francisco de Goya, Robert Rauschenberg, Bridget Riley, François Boucher, Canaletto, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, and an important suite of 16th- and 17th-century Indian Mughal
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miniatures. She continued travelling extensively to research the NGV's collection; assist with the loan exhibition of masterpieces from the State Hermitage, Leningrad, USSR (now St Petersburg, Russia), which toured Australian galleries 1979–80; and continued contributing articles to Australian and International art journals. During her time overseas, she also advised the Everard Studley Miller Bequest, the Art Foundation of Victoria, Art Gallery of South Australia, National Gallery of Australia, as well as a number of high-profile private collections, notably that of James Fairfax. <mask> retired as London Advisor of the Felton Bequest in April 1983. Important sources on Hoff's years as London Advisor of the Felton Bequest are her meticulously kept diaries, which had been donated to the University of Melbourne Archives; and Colin Holden's The Outsider: A Portrait of <mask> (Nth Melbourne, Vic: Australian Scholarly Publishing, 2009). Educational role
<mask> also played an important role in education of art history in Australia.In 1947, she was invited by Professor Joseph Burke, the inaugural Herald Chair of Fine Arts at the University of Melbourne, to join the teaching staff of his new department. In consequence of her appointment at the National Gallery of Victoria, Hoff taught part-time and in the evenings. <mask>'s teaching was firmly in the tradition of Erwin Panofsky, revealing the meaning of disguised symbols. First-year students had to read
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Panofsky's Studies in Iconology (1939) and Meaning in the Visual Arts (1955). She reinforced her lectures by conducting seminars for students in the NGV's Print Room. <mask> continued her dual position of the NGV curator and the University of Melbourne lecturer until her move to London in 1974. Upon her return from London in 1984, <mask> was invited to resume her teaching at the University of Melbourne, and in 1986 she was appointed senior associate, Department of Fine Arts, University of Melbourne.The importance of <mask>'s educational role in Australia is extensively discussed in Sheridan Palmer's Centre of the Periphery, 2008. Later years
After retiring as London Advisor of the Felton Bequest, <mask> returned to Australia in 1984 and settled in Carlton, Victoria. She was invited to continue lecturing at the University of Melbourne, and in 1986 she was appointed senior associate of the university's department of fine arts. She also continued researching the National Gallery of Victoria's collections; produced the fifth edition of European Paintings before 1800 at the National Gallery of Victoria in 1995; published a monograph on Arthur Boyd; contributed essays to catalogues of exhibitions by Charles Blackman, Arthur Boyd, and John Brack; and wrote for Australian art journals. <mask> died in Heidelberg, Victoria, on 10 January 2005. A private service was organised at St Peter's, Eastern Hill, Melbourne, on 22 January, which was followed by a
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memorial service on 25 February at the Great Hall of the National Gallery of Victoria. Recognition
Awarded PhD (Hamburg), LLD, DLit (Monash), DLitt (honoris causa)(La Trobe)
Scholarship from Dutch Ministry of Education to Netherlands Institute of Art History 1963
Britannica Australia Award 1966
Appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1970
Awarded Order of Australia (AO) in 1985
Further information
Upon her retirement as its London Advisor, the Felton Bequest commissioned from John Brack a portrait of <mask>, which it then donated to the National Gallery of Victoria.<mask> was an active member of the Australian Academy of the Humanities, serving as president in 1970 and vice-president in 1971. Hoff left the sum of AUD600,000 to fund an annual <mask>t and England. Hamburg, 1941. — Charles I, Patron of Artists. London: Collins, 1942. — Art Appreciation.Melbourne: Australian Army Education Services, 1945. — European Art before 1800, 1st edn. Melbourne: National Gallery of Victoria, 1948. — (with Alan McCulloch, Joan Lindsay, and Daryl Lindsay) Masterpieces of the National Gallery of Victoria. Melbourne: Cheshire, 1949. — (with Laurence Thomas) Jubilee Exhibition of Australian Art. Sydney: Ure Smith, 1951.— National Gallery of Victoria: Catalogue of Selected Pictures. Melbourne: National Gallery of Victoria for the Education Department, c. 1959. — Charles Conder: His Australian Years. Melbourne: National Gallery Society of Victoria,
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