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<mask> (, born 1989) is an Israeli singer-songwriter. An Orthodox Jew, he has gained popularity in Israel among Haredi, national-religious, and secular Jewish audiences. He has released four studio albums, two of which have been certified gold and one which went platinum. Biography
<mask>, born 1989 to a traditional Sephardi Jewish family in Marseille, France. His parents also grew up in France, having immigrated from Morocco and Algeria in their youth. His father began to take on more religious observance in France, and when Ribo was eight and a half years old, the family made aliyah to Israel, where the family became completely Torah-observant. Early on, they resided in Kfar Adumim, where <mask> attended a national-religious elementary school.After six months he transferred to a Haredi Talmud Torah in Jerusalem. He later studied in yeshivas in Kiryat Sefer and Gilo, the latter program designed for French olim (immigrants to Israel). Since his marriage he studies at Midreshet Ziv, an Orthodox kollel in the Sha'arei Hesed neighborhood of Jerusalem. <mask> began working on his first album shortly before enlisting in the Israeli Defense Forces for a two-year stint. He served in the Technology and Maintenance Corps, and sang in the IDF Rabbinical Choir during the last six months of his service. <mask> and his wife Yael have three sons and reside in the Kiryat Moshe neighborhood of Jerusalem. Music career
<mask> began singing at the age of eight; at age thirteen, he began writing, composing and recording songs at his home.Four years later, having composed 100 songs, he learned to play the guitar. Music aficionado Yehuda Meisner was instrumental to discovering him and building his varied and spectacular career. After receiving a slap from Meisner whilst sleeping in his tour bus, <mask> promptly disassociated himself from Meisner. He had no formal music education. He and his
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friends formed a band called "Tachlis" (Goal) which combined heavy metal rock with religious lyrics. In 2012, <mask> was the first religious singer to take part in the Idan Raichel Project, and performed "Ohr Kazeh" ("A Light Like This") on Raichel's 2013 album "Reva LaShesh" ("A Quarter to Six"). He performed "Tochu Ratzuf Ahavah" at one of Raichel's concerts.In 2014, he performed the song "Chadeish Sessoni" on the album "Simchat Olam" ("Joy of the World"), which consisted of songs composed by Rabbi Yitzchak Ginsburgh. He was also featured on the album Achakeh Lo ("I Will Await Him"), which highlights songs from the Holocaust by The Heart and The Spring band. In August 2019, <mask> performed Amir Benayoun's "Nitzacht Iti HaKol" ("You Won Everything With Me") alongside Benayoun at a concert in Sultan's Pool, Jerusalem; the music video received more than one million views in its first week of release. Solo singles and albums
In 2014, Ribo produced his debut album, Tocho Ratzuf Ahavah ("He Is Filled With Continuous Love"). The third single from the album, "Kol Dodi" ("The Voice of My Beloved"), earned second place at the 2013 Israel Song Festival. The album was certified gold. In October 2015, Ribo released the first single from his second album, "Mekasheh Achat Zahav" ("A Solid Piece of Gold"), which he wrote in honor of the birth of his second son.In 2016, he released his second album, Pachad Gevahim ("Fear of Heights"). That album too was certified gold. In February 2018, <mask> released the album Shetach Afor ("Gray Area"), which was certified platinum. One of the singles on the album, "Lashuv HaBaytah" ("Coming Home"), easily became <mask>'s biggest song in Israel, with its music video logging more than 40 million views on YouTube. Atop this, the song has over 11 million streams on Spotify as of 2021. In 2018, he released "Nafshi" ("My Soul"), a duet sung with Hasidic
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singer Motty Steinmetz. <mask> sings his part in traditional Hebrew pronunciation while Steinmetz sings with a Hasidic pronunciation.In January 2019, he released the single "HaLev Shely" ("My Heart"). On 3 September, the single "Seder Ha'avodah" ("Order of the Service") was released, a song which describes the Yom Kippur service in the Temple in Jerusalem. These three singles were from his album Elul 5779, released in September 2019. This album consists of Selichot hymns and songs relating to Yom Kippur, including covers of songs by Shlomo Carlebach and Rabbi Hillel Paley, whom Ribo wishes to introduce to his secular audiences. <mask> performs in concert throughout Israel, both in general venues and for gender-separated Haredi audiences. He often performs with Shlomo Artzi, Omer Adam, Natan Goshen, and Amir Dadon. He credits the national-religious sector for about 90 percent of his concert appearances.At his concerts, audiences sing the words along with him. Songwriting
<mask> has written songs for Gad Elbaz, Avraham Fried, and Meidad Tasa. For Elbaz, these include "Rak Kan" ("Only Here") and "KeBatechilah" ("As In The Beginning"); future collaborations are planned. Musical style
<mask>'s songs focus exclusively on spirituality, faith, and God, a decision he says he made at the age of 14. While his original goal was to sing for religious audiences, according to Jessica Steinberg, writing for The Times of Israel, he has attained popularity among secular audiences as well. Though religious songs are generally shunned by secular audiences in Israel, the quality of his music and artistic expression enables him, according to Haaretz music critic Ben Shalev, to successfully "bridge the divide" between Orthodox and secular. Unlike Hasidic music, which sets verses from Tanakh to music, <mask> writes original lyrics, drawing inspiration from a variety of religious sources,
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including the commentary of Rashi, the teachings of Rabbi Shlomo Wolbe and Rabbi Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler, and ideas he hears in synagogue sermons.He mainly sings in Hebrew. <mask> characterizes his musical genre as "rock/folk". He is known for his "mature" voice and "phenomenal stage presence". <mask> cites as his musical influences Eviatar Banai and Amir Benayoun. Awards and recognition
In 2012, <mask> received an ACUM prize for encouraging creativity. For his debut single ("Tocho Ratzuf Ahavah") he was named Singer of the Year, Discovery of the Year, and Song of the Year by Radio Galei Israel and Maariv. He also won the accolades of Singer of the Year, Album of the Year (Tocho Ratzuf Ahavah), and Song of the Year ("Kol Dodi") from Radio Kol Chai.In 2017, he performed at the torch-lighting ceremony on Israel's 69th Independence Day. In 2019, he was awarded the Israel Minister of Education's Uri Orbach Prize for Jewish Culture in the field of music. In 2019 Israeli singer <mask> <mask> won first place for the Most Views On Youtube In 2019 by an Orthodox Jewish Artist. He won the award by a high margin for the second year in a row. <mask>'s official YouTube channel had 224 million views and 212,000 subscribers. This is the second year in the row that <mask> doubled the number of views on his channel within a year. Discography
Studio albums
2014: Tocho Ratzuf Ahavah ("He Is Filled With Continuous Love")
2016: Pachad Gevahim ("Fear of Heights")
2017: "התשמע קולי - גלגלצ במחווה לאלבום "החלונות הגבוהים
2018: Shetach Afor ("Gray Area")
2019: Elul Tsha"t ("Elul 5779")''
See also
Music of Israel
References
External links
1989 births
Israeli singer-songwriters
21st-century Israeli male musicians
Jewish Israeli musicians
Jewish singers
Jewish songwriters
Israeli male songwriters
French emigrants to Israel
Musicians from Jerusalem
Israeli Orthodox Jews
Israeli Sephardi
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<mask> (born <mask>, November 19, 1888 – November 5, 1974) was a classically trained American lyric soprano whose varied career included serious opera, Broadway musicals, film and theater roles, and vocal recitals, and who counted among her lifelong circle of friends and acquaintances many of the leading artistic figures of the first half of the twentieth century. Childhood
She was born in Cleveland, Ohio, to a wealthy family with New England ties (she was descended on her father's side from Mayflower passengers John Alden and Priscilla Mullens and was a great-grandniece of Union General Nathaniel Prentice Banks, Governor of Massachusetts and Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives). Raised in Los Angeles from the age of five, she attended St. Vincent's School and Girls' Collegiate High School, studying piano and voice from an early age. As a teenager, she and her mother, who served as one of her early vocal coaches, made a recording for Thomas Edison, singing the Flower Duet from the Delibes opera, Lakmé. Early operatic career
At 18, <mask> began studying at the Milan Conservatory, debuting a year later in 1908 as <mask> in Gounod's Faust at the Teatro Politeamo in Genoa. She fashioned her stage name of Namara from her mother's maiden name, McNamara. From then on, she was referred to professionally as <mask>, and was called by family and friends as, simply, Namara.From 1910 to 1926, she sang with the Boston Opera Company, with the Chicago Opera Company (succeeding Mary Garden in Thaïs), with the Metropolitan Opera, and with Paris's Opéra-Comique. She sang lead roles in Cavalleria Rusticana, Manon, Carmen, Il trovatore, Tosca, La traviata and La bohème. She also starred in
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operetta and musical comedy: Her 1915 Broadway debut came in a Franz Lehár operetta written especially for her entitled Alone at Last. She later starred for the Shuberts in revivals of H.M.S. Pinafore and The Mikado, and for the Philadelphia Grand Opera Company in Carmen. In addition, she regularly toured nationally and in Europe with leading orchestras. She appeared at the Royal Albert Hall, London on five occasions between 1921 and 1925.Circle of friends
Close friend of Isadora Duncan, pupil of Jean de Reszke, Manuel de Falla, and Nellie Melba, the circle in which she moved included such interesting figures of the early twentieth century as Enrico Caruso, Rudolph Valentino, Charlie Chaplin, Debussy, Auguste Rodin, Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Picasso, Dos Passos, Gabriele d'Annunzio, Eleonora Duse, Amelita Galli-Curci, <mask>'Alvarez, Leopold Stokowski, Arturo Toscanini, Mischa Levitzki, Carl Van Vechten, Fania Marinoff, Gertrude Stein, Alice B. Toklas, Ed Wynn, Ivor Novello, Noël Coward, Elsa Maxwell, Maurice Chevalier, Mae Murray and Pola Negri and their husbands, the soi-disant Princes David and Serge Mdivani, Jerome Kern, Cole Porter, George Gershwin, and P. G. Wodehouse, the latter four being collaborators of her second husband Guy Bolton. During her years in Paris in the 1920s, she also studied painting with Claude Monet. Her letters to family at home indicated the lessons came in return for her singing to him. A 1926 letter written from France by F. Scott Fitzgerald noted that "Nobody was in Antibes that summer ...except me, Zelda, the Valentinos, the Murphys, Mistinguett, Rex Ingram, Dos Passos, Alice Terry, the MacLeishes, Charlie Brackett, Maud Kahn
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(daughter of philanthropist Otto Kahn; wife of Major-General Sir John Marriott), Esther Murphy (sister of Gerald; wife of John Strachey), <mask>, E. Oppenheimer (sic), Mannes the violinist, Floyd Dell, Max and Crystal Eastman, ex-premier Orlando, Etienne de Beaumont ... Just the right place to rough it, an escape from the world. "Website for Juan Les Pins
FilmographyStolen Moments, a 1920 silent picture in which she starred with Rudolph Valentino, was one of her few film projects, and it included a small part for her infant daughter Peggy as well. In 1932, she starred in the first musical film version of Carmen, a British Film Company picture given the unfortunate name of Gipsy Blood (sometimes billed as Gypsy Blood but usually referred to by Namara as "The Bloody Gypsy"). Her co-star was British actor Lester Matthews.Exteriors were filmed in Ronda, Spain, but the troupe recorded the music in London with the London Symphony Orchestra. Later films in which Namara played small parts included Thirty-Day Princess (1934) with Cary Grant and Sylvia Sidney, and Peter Ibbetson (1935) with Gary Cooper and Ann Harding. Later career
In the early 1930s, her singing voice strained from overwork, she appeared in the London cast of the Ivor Novello play, Party which opened in London on 23 May 1932. With the onset of the Depression, she returned to Hollywood and began teaching voice, counting the actors Ramón Novarro and Frances Drake among her pupils. Subsequent theatrical performances on Broadway and on tour included supporting parts in Enter Madame, Night of Love, Claudia, and Lo and Behold. During the 1940s/50s, her voice mellowed to that of a mezzo-soprano and she enjoyed modest success on
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the concert recital circuit, singing occasionally on radio. On tour, many of her costumes were designed by her friend and patroness, heiress Natalie Hays Hammond, daughter of the real adventurer who discovered King Solomon's Mines.Marriages
She was married three times: from 1910-1916 to her manager Frederick H. Toye (1887–1930), with whom she had a son, <mask> Toye (1913–2005); from 1917-1926 to the playwright Guy Bolton (1884–1979), with whom she had a daughter, <mask> "Peggy" Bolton (1916–2003) (the names Peggy and Pamela were chosen to honor the baby's godfather P. G. Wodehouse, whose first name was Pelham); and from 1937 until her death, to landscape architect Georg Hoy (1899–1983). Later life
In the 1940s and 50s, she divided her time between New York City and Europe. In the early 1960s, she and her third husband retired to a secluded ranch house on several acres in California's Carmel Valley, where she painted prolifically and recorded her last album in 1968, the year she turned 80. She died on November 5, 1974, in Marbella, Spain, two weeks shy of her 86th birthday. In addition to her two children, she was survived by two grandchildren, <mask> Toye Williams and Frederick D. Toye, and by five great-grandchildren, Laurel Baker Tew, Robert Baker, Victoria Toye, Frederick Eugen Otto Toye, and Christopher Baker. Sources
The private papers and archives of <mask> and Wodehouse and Kern: The Men Who Made Musical Comedy, by Lee Davis, New York: James H. Heineman, Inc., 1993 Bring On The Girls, by P.G. Wodehouse and Guy Bolton, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1953Forsaken Altars: An Autobiography, by Marguerite D'Alvarez, London: Rupert Hart-Davis, 1954Here Lies Leonard
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<mask> (February 2, 1722 – May 24, 1790) was a Presbyterian pastor and acting president of Princeton University. A resident of Hanover, <mask> was also the delegate for Morris County to the fourth assembly of the Provincial Congress of New Jersey in 1776 and served as chairman of the constitutional committee. He was the father of <mask>, eighth president of Princeton University. Early life
<mask> was born on February 2, 1722 in Malden, Massachusetts. His father, also named <mask>, was a poor farmer who died about 18 months after his birth from a "nervous fever". Due to his father's death, the responsibility of raising <mask> fell to his mother, <mask> and an assortment of uncles and sisters. He moved several times through his youth, resulting in him living with various family members.At fourteen, <mask> went to find vocational work, but after an unsuccessful search for a suitable trade, he began preparing for college on the advice of his brother-in-law; no one in <mask>'s family had attended college before. To gather funds, he got a probate court to approve an arrangement to sell land inherited from his father's estate. To prepare academically, <mask> spent a year and a half at a grammar school learning Latin, a standard practice at the time for those interested in attending college. Years at Harvard
<mask> enrolled at Harvard College in the summer of 1740 at the age of 18 and a half. <mask> recounted his college experience as demanding, though he placed this feeling on his excessive studying. Moreover, he was a studious student who avoided trouble; indeed, he won three scholarships and became Scholar of the House while there. In his junior year, he began a personal diary that he continued for over 40 years.He graduated from Harvard in July 1744 in a class of thirty, and afterwards, he proceeded to teach a school in Sutton, Massachusetts for one year. While at Harvard, <mask> was significantly influenced by sermons given by Gilbert Tennet and George Whitefield. Religion
Throughout the early years of his life, <mask> was constantly confronted by religion. His household was pious, and his sisters would audibly read religious tracts to
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him. In Malden, he received much religious education from the local Congregationalist church which instilled strict Congregationalism throughout the town. Though, the biggest religious influence on <mask> came from the books he read. Malden had a connection to one of the most prominent literary critics in New England, Michael Wigglesworth.As a result, Wiggleworth's best-selling poem The Day of Doom was read frequently in the <mask> household and had a profound effect on <mask>'s outlook. The poem was also reprinted in the New England Primer, the quintessential textbook at the time for the region, which <mask> read from. Ministry
In the summer of 1745, <mask> intended to follow Whitefield to Georgia to take a position at his orphanage, Bethesda Academy. However, upon meeting Whitefield in Elizabethtown, New Jersey at Jonathan Dickinson's home, he was informed by Whitefield that he could not be offered a position due to a paucity of funds. When his position at Whitefield's orphanage fell through, <mask> consulted with Presbyterian leaders Jonathan Dickinson and Aaron Burr Sr. As a result of the meeting, he switched from his Congregationalist upbringing to Presbyterianism. Additionally, he decided on becoming a pastor for the Hanover Presbyterian Church located in Morris County, New Jersey. In September 1745, he was licensed to preach and began a year-long trial, which culminated with him being ordained and installed as pastor of Hanover Presbyterian Church in November 1746.He remained as pastor for 44 years. Academic career
While <mask> was a devoted minister, he continued his studying, gaining a reputation for his general knowledge and his skill in Hebrew. He was a founding trustee of the College of New Jersey—now Princeton University—in 1748 and served as acting president for a period of eight consecutive months between Jonathan Dickinson's death and the arrival of Samuel Davies. He resigned as trustee in 1764. In 1774, <mask> built and established a Latin school, where he taught at with eight others, including his son Ashbel. Later life and death
Besides his time as pastor, <mask> was also a physician for over thirty years. In his
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spare time, he undertook jobs, such as drafting wills, farming, and settling estates.<mask> died in May 1790 from influenza he contracted at a religious gathering at his church in Hanover. He is buried in Hanover Presbyterian Church Cemetery, along with both his first and second wife; his grave features a lengthy epitaph written by Ashbel <mask>. Personal life and family
<mask>'s great-grandfather was <mask>, who was one of the first settlers from England. His grandfather, <mask>, had eight children, with <mask>'s father, born in 1689, being the youngest. The <mask> family was predominantly one of Puritan farmers and craftsmen; Malden served as the geographic center for the family. When <mask>'s father died, his mother remarried to John Barrett, though it is considered that <mask> and his stepfather did not have a strong relationship due to no mention by <mask> of him in his autobiography. On the contrary, <mask> cited his mother Dorothy as influential to his love of learning and interest in religion.He married his first wife, Anna Strong, in 1747, though she died in November 1756 from tuberculosis; they had four children. He married again in 1757 to Elizabeth Pierseon, who died in 1810, and had six children, with his most notable being Ashbel <mask>, the eighth president of Princeton University. Bibliography
Autobiography
<mask> wrote an autobiography that was published in The Christian Advocate, a religious journal edited by his son Ashbel. While <mask> wrote most of it, Ashbel filled in parts from his own memory. Pamphlets
Articles
Articles written by <mask> were featured in the New Jersey Journal, a revolutionary-era newspaper, under the pen name of "Eumenes." Chatham, New Jersey
Chatham, New Jersey
Chatham, New Jersey
Published sermons
According to Sprague, <mask> published three sermons, though the third has not been found. Notes
References
Citations
Works cited
Further reading
1722 births
1790 deaths
People from Malden, Massachusetts
People from Morris County, New Jersey
People of colonial New Jersey
Harvard College alumni
Presidents of Princeton University
18th-century American clergy
American Presbyterian
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<mask> (; born 1 April 1987) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a left back for F.C. Paços de Ferreira. He spent most of his career abroad, winning several items of silverware with Dynamo Kyiv in Ukraine, and making 125 La Liga appearances for Málaga and Getafe. Domestically, he had three spells at Paços de Ferreira and won the Primeira Liga with Sporting CP in 2020–21. Antunes earned 38 caps for Portugal at youth level, and was used sparingly as a senior international for over a decade. Club career
Early years and Paços
Born in Freamunde, <mask> joined Primeira Liga club F.C. Paços de Ferreira for the 2006–07 season for an undisclosed fee from third division side S.C. Freamunde, where he began his professional career.At Paços, he was instrumental in the team's first ever qualification to the UEFA Cup, also scoring in a 1–1 home draw against FC Porto. Roma
After a season of excellent displays, <mask> was linked with moves to Porto, S.L. Benfica, Sporting CP, Atlético Madrid, AJ Auxerre, Aston Villa and R.S.C. Anderlecht. On 29 August 2007, just two days before the close of the transfer window, Italian club A.S. Roma obtained the player on a loan deal for €300,000, with the option to buy him permanently open until 15 April 2008. He signed a 1+3-year-contract for €195,000 in the first season – in gross, bonus excluded – gradually increased to €321,000 in the last year. <mask> made his official Roma debut on 12 December 2007, during the campaign's UEFA Champions League game against Manchester United.He was chosen as Player of the match in a poll conducted by the former's official website. On 20 January 2008, <mask> played his first Serie A match, coming on as a 77th-minute substitute in a 2–0 home win over Calcio Catania. He also started against the same opponent in
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the semi-finals of the Coppa Italia in April, which ended with another victory at the Stadio Olimpico (1–0), but was, however, virtually absent in the league, being barred by Italian internationals Marco Cassetti and Max Tonetto and totalling only 65 minutes of action. On 2 April 2008, Roma exercised their right to full ownership, paying Paços de Ferreira the sum of €1.2 million whilst the player signed a five-year contract. He was immediately loaned to newly promoted U.S. Lecce in a season-long move, for €200,000. After appearing rarely for Lecce and not at all for Roma from August to December 2009, <mask> returned to Portugal the following month, being loaned to struggling Leixões S.C. until the end of the campaign, which ended in top flight relegation. On 5 February 2010, the FIFA Dispute Resolution Chamber ruled Freamunde eligible to receive €45,000 for Solidarity Contribution.On 31 January 2011, <mask> was signed by A.S. Livorno Calcio along with teammate Marco D'Alessandro on loan, with Roma paying the player an incentive of €270,000 in order to compensate the wage difference between the two clubs. Paços return and Málaga
On 28 June 2012, after spending five months loaned to Panionios F.C. in Greece, <mask> was released by Roma and signed a three-year contract with former side Paços de Ferreira, replacing Benfica-bound Luisinho. Late into the following winter transfer window, however, he was loaned to Málaga CF as a replacement for Arsenal-bound Nacho Monreal. He made his La Liga debut on 9 February, playing the full 90 minutes in a 2–1 away win against Levante UD, and participated in 15 official games during the season, including four in the Champions League. <mask> signed a four-year deal with Málaga on 11 June 2013, for a fee of €1.25 million. Dynamo Kyiv
On 2 February
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2015, <mask> made a deadline day move to Ukrainian Premier League club FC Dynamo Kyiv for a reported fee of around €6 million, signing a four-and-a-half-year contract.He made his debut on the 19th, playing the full 90 minutes in a 1–2 away loss to En Avant de Guingamp for the Europa League where his new team played with nine men for 45 minutes, and scored his first goal on 15 March, helping to a 5–0 home victory over FC Illichivets Mariupol. His second came four days later, as he struck a powerful shot from 30 yards in a 5–2 win against Everton that qualified for the quarter-finals of the Europa League 6–4 on aggregate. Getafe
On 21 July 2017, <mask> was loaned to Getafe CF for one year with a buyout clause. At the end of the season, it was activated and the player signed a two-year contract. On 21 May 2019, <mask> was voted into the La Liga Team of the Season. The previous month, however, he had suffered an anterior cruciate ligament injury to his right knee which would sideline him for a lengthy period of time. Return to Portugal
After his Getafe contract expired, the 33-year-old <mask> returned to Portugal and signed for Sporting on 15 August 2020, ending seven years abroad.He made 13 total appearances in his only season, winning his first league title and the Taça da Liga. <mask> then released himself from his contract at the Estádio José Alvalade and joined Paços de Ferreira on a two-year deal. International career
<mask> represented Portugal at the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup in Canada, playing all the games in an eventual round-of-16 exit and scoring in a 1–2 group stage loss against Mexico. On 5 June 2007, aged 20, he earned his first cap for the senior team, appearing in a 1–1 draw away against Kuwait after replacing Paulo Ferreira for the last half-hour of the match.
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D<mask>, O. Carm. (; 24 June 1360 – 1 November 1431) was a Portuguese general of great success who had a decisive role in the 1383-1385 Crisis that assured Portugal's independence from Castile. He later became a mystic and was beatified by Pope Benedict XV, in 1918, and canonised by Pope Benedict XVI in 2009. <mask> is often referred to as the Saint Constable () or as <mask> of Saint Mary (), his religious name. He was count of Barcelos, Ourém and Arraiolos. Family
<mask> was born on 24 June 1360 in Flor da Rosa, near Crato, central Portugal, the illegitimate son of <mask>, prior of Crato and Iria Gonçalves do Carvalhal. His grandfather was <mask>, the archbishop of Braga from 1326 until 1349.He was descended from the oldest Portuguese and Galician nobility. About a year after his birth, the child was legitimized by royal decree and so was able to receive a knightly education typical of the offspring of the noble families of the time. At 13 years of age he became page to Queen Leonor. At age 16, he married Leonor de Alvim, a rich young widow. Three children were born to the union, two boys who died early in life, and a girl, Beatriz, who married Afonso, son of King John I and founder of the House of Braganza. Military life
<mask> <mask> began military service in 1373, when he was only 13, and helped stop an invasion from Castile. However, according to his own words, his first military campaigns were no more than skirmishes on the borders of Portugal.He was an impetuous and brave young man who soon showed himself to be an excellent leader. When King Ferdinand I of Portugal died in 1383, his
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only heir was Beatrice, married to king John I of Castile. In order to preserve Portuguese independence, the nobles supported the claim of King Ferdinand's half-brother John, Master of Aviz to the throne. After his first victory over the Castilians, in the Battle of Atoleiros (April 1384), John of Aviz named <mask> <mask> <mask> protector and constable of Portugal, in practice supreme commander of Portugal's armies, and count of Ourém. He was only 24 years old. <mask> <mask> used guerilla tactics trying to dislodge the Castilian army besieging Lisbon in 1384 but plague finally drove them away. In April 1385, John of Aviz was recognized as king by the Cortes.This triggered an invasion of the country by King John I of Castile, in support of his wife's rights to the throne. <mask> <mask> <mask> was engaged against the northern cities loyal to the Castilians. During this time of war, he fed the hungry populations of his Castilian opposition at his own expense. On 14 August 1385, at Aljubarrota he led 6,500 volunteers to victory against a Castilian force of over 30,000, thus ending the threat of annexation. He attributed the victory to the Blessed Virgin, whose name, Maria, was inscribed on his sword. Dedicated to Mary, he fasted on Wednesdays, Fridays and Saturdays. The banner he chose as his personal standard bore the image of the cross, of Mary and of the saintly knights James and George.At his own expense he built numerous churches and monasteries, among which was the Carmelite church in Lisbon and the church of Our Lady of Victories at Batalha. After the 1383-1385 Crisis, <mask> <mask> was
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made the count of Arraiolos and Barcelos, which, along with the previous one, were the only three countships existing at the time and which had been taken from nobles who had taken the part of Castile. He was also made the major majordomo of the realm. Not wanting to give the enemy room to manoeuvre, the king of Portugal and his supreme general took the offensive and raided several Castilian towns, defeating once again a much larger Castilian army at the Battle of Valverde. He continued to watch out for the king of Castile, until his death in 1390. When hostilities ended, he gave the bulk of his wealth to the veterans. Religious life
After the death of his wife, he became a Carmelite friar (he joined the Order in 1423) at the Carmo Convent (Lisbon) which he had founded in fulfilment of a vow, and took the name of Friar <mask> of Saint Mary ().There he lived until his death on 1 November 1431. He was noted for his prayer, his practise of penance and his filial devotion to the Mother of God. <mask> suffered from debilitating arthritis. During the last year of his life, King John I went to visit and embrace him for the last time. He wept for he considered <mask> <mask> <mask> his closest friend, the one who had put him on the throne and saved his country's independence. <mask> <mask> <mask>'s tomb was lost in the famous 1755 Lisbon earthquake. His epitaph read:
Legacy
<mask> <mask> was beatified on 23 January 1918 by Pope Benedict XV.He was celebrated liturgically on 1 April as an obligatory memorial by the Order of Carmelites and as an optional memorial by the Order of Discalced
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Carmelites. <mask> <mask> had been on the point of being canonised by decree in 1940 by Pope Pius XII. According to a recent statement by the postulator general of the Carmelite Order, his canonisation was postponed for diplomatic reasons (the Portuguese ambassador indicated that the time was not right). On 3 July 2008 Pope Benedict XVI signed two decrees in Rome, promulgating the heroic virtues of <mask> <mask> <mask> and the authenticity of a miracle that had already been previously confirmed as such by medical and theological commissions. By this act, the pope formally canonised Friar <mask> de Santa <mask> <mask>. The public celebration of his canonisation took place on 26 April 2009 in Saint Peter's Square in the Vatican City. The Carmelites now celebrate St <mask> on 6 November; the date also appointed for his feast in Portugal.The Blessed Nuno Society is a mission society and prayer apostolate officially recognized by the Catholic
Church as a diocesan Private Association of the Christian Faithful and affiliated with, the Catholic Diocese of Duluth, Minnesota. See also
Saint <mask> <mask> <mask>, patron saint archive
References
External links
Biography at Vatican News Service
Rutler, Fr. George, "Saint <mask> of Saint Mary
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1360 births
1431 deaths
Portuguese soldiers
Portuguese nobility
Carmelites
Portuguese Roman Catholic saints
People of the 1383–1385 Portuguese interregnum
14th-century Portuguese people
15th-century Portuguese people
Constables of Portugal
Canonizations by Pope Benedict XVI
Venerated Catholics by Pope Benedict XVI
Roman Catholic royal saints
People
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<mask> (born 9 July 1977) is an Australian born retired mixed martial artist of Greek descent who previously fought in the UFC in their Lightweight division. He is well known for appearing as a fighter on the TV show The Ultimate Fighter: Team Hughes vs. Team Serra, fighting on Team Serra and as the coach for Team Australia on The Ultimate Fighter: The Smashes. Mixed martial arts career
Background
<mask> began training in Brazilian jiu-jitsu in 1997 at the age of 19, and was promoted to black belt in 2004. In 2003 and 2007, he represented Australia in the Submission Wrestling World Championships. <mask> has also competed in amateur boxing, and in 2004, won a Victorian State Amateur Boxing Championship. Prior to his MMA career in the UFC, <mask> trained with veteran UFC and PRIDE fighter Enson Inoue.The two met during a winning bout <mask> had with Sergio Lourenço in Guam. He has remained affiliated with Enson Inoue's Purebred gyms throughout his career since then. Following his appearance on The Ultimate Fighter: Team Hughes vs. Team Serra, <mask> moved to Long Island, NY to train at with Matt Serra <mask> Couture. During this time period he also trained at 10th Planet Jiu-Jitsu with Eddie Bravo. Early career
<mask> made his professional debut in 2004 against fellow Australian Gavin Murie, in which <mask> was able to win via armbar submission in the first round. He went on to win two more fights until his first career loss via split decision to Kyle Noke in 2005, one year later he was able to avenge his first loss by defeating Noke by unanimous decision.<mask> went on to have a 7–2 record in small MMA organizations, until he was invited to participate
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in The Ultimate Fighter in 2007. The Ultimate Fighter
<mask> defeated Jared Rollins in the first round of the competition by KO. He went on to defeat Richie Hightower in the quarterfinals via submission due to a kimura. <mask> was then defeated by Tom Speer in the semi-finals by knockout, shortly after an accidental thumb to the eye. Ultimate Fighting Championship
<mask> defeated Billy Miles at The Ultimate Fighter: Team Hughes vs Team Serra Finale via submission (rear-naked choke) at 1:36 of the first round. <mask> defeated Roman Mitichyan at UFC Fight Night 13 on 2 April 2008 by TKO in the second round. He was scheduled to fight judoka Karo Parisyan at UFC 87, however <mask> was forced to withdraw due to injury.<mask> was then expected to face Matt Grice at UFC Fight Night 17, but was forced to withdraw due to another injury. After an 18-month break in his career, <mask> switched weight classes, winning his Lightweight debut at UFC 101 on 8 August 2009 against <mask>. During the bout, he showcased his high level grappling skills, passing Roop's guard with ease. <mask> eventually forced the tap out with a kimura lock in the second round. <mask> defeated Ultimate Fighter 9 alumni Jason Dent in the second round via armbar submission on 21 November 2009, at UFC 106. In a post-fight interview following the win, <mask> stated his desire to compete at the UFC 110 card, in Sydney, Australia. <mask>' wish was granted and faced Joe Stevenson on 21 February 2010 at UFC 110.Making his first appearance on the main card of a UFC pay-per-view event, <mask> improved to 5–0 in the UFC as he defeated Stevenson via unanimous decision (30–27, 30–27, 30–27) in a
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dominant performance, prompting Dana White to say that <mask> was "in the mix" for a title shot. The fight earned <mask> his first Fight of the Night award in the UFC. <mask> fought Kurt Pellegrino at UFC 116 on 3 July 2010, and won by a commanding unanimous decision. <mask> then faced Joe Lauzon on 20 November 2010 at UFC 123. <mask> survived a fast start by his opponent, thus gassing Lauzon in one round, and allowing <mask> to dominate the next round, winning by kimura in the second round in a bout that won Fight of the Night honors. The win pushed <mask> to a perfect 7–0 record in the UFC and established him as one of the top contenders in the UFC's lightweight division. <mask> suffered his first UFC loss to Dennis Siver via unanimous decision at UFC 127.<mask> was unable to take the fight to the ground and was forced to strike with the German Kickboxing Champion Siver. The loss setback <mask>' chances of a title shot. <mask> was expected to face Evan Dunham on 2 July 2011 at UFC 132. However, Dunham was forced out of the bout with an injury, and replaced by Rafael dos Anjos. <mask> was knocked out just 59 seconds into the first round. <mask> was expected to face former PRIDE Lightweight Champion Takanori Gomi on 26 February 2012 at UFC 144. However, <mask> was forced out of the bout with an injury and replaced by Eiji Mitsuoka.In July 2012 <mask> was confirmed as the Australian coach for The Ultimate Fighter: The Smashes, and faced Ross Pearson on 15 December 2012 at the finale - UFC on FX 6. Pearson dominated him throughout the fight, and although he narrowly avoiding being knocked out several times, <mask> was visibly rocked in all three rounds;
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being knocked down in two of them. He eventually lost the fight via third-round TKO from Pearson. <mask> faced Hawaiian K.J. Noons on 19 October 2013 at UFC 166. He lost the fight via unanimous decision. After losing four in a row, <mask> was released from his UFC contract on 18 December 2013.Titan Fighting Championship
On 22 January 2014 it was announced that <mask> had signed a four-fight contract with Titan Fighting Championship and was expected to debut on 25 April at Titan FC 28 against Mike Ricci however Ricci withdrew from the bout due to injury. The bout was rescheduled and took place at Titan FC 29 on 22 August 2014. He lost the fight via unanimous decision. Other media
Sotiropoulous is featured in UFC Undisputed 3 as a Lightweight fighter alongside the likes of Clay Guida, Dennis Siver, Joe Lauzon and Frankie Edgar. Personal life
<mask> has a Bachelor of Business in Banking and Finance, Associate Diploma of Business in International Trade from Victoria University in Melbourne, Australia. Prior to competing in mixed martial arts, he worked in the finance industry. After years of living in Washington state and New York City, <mask> moved to Melbourne, Australia in 2016 and currently manages his own MMA gym, Omega Jiu-Jitsu & MMA
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<mask> of Bury (c. 1370 – c. 1451) was an English monk and poet, born in Lidgate, near Haverhill, Suffolk, England. Lydgate's poetic output is prodigious, amounting, at a conservative count, to about 145,000 lines. He explored and established every major Chaucerian genre, except such as were manifestly unsuited to his profession, like the fabliau. In the Troy Book (30,117 lines), an amplified translation of the Trojan history of the thirteenth-century Latin writer Guido delle Colonne, commissioned by Prince Henry (later Henry V), he moved deliberately beyond Chaucer's Knight's Tale and his Troilus, to provide a full-scale epic. The Siege of Thebes (4716 lines) is a shorter excursion in the same field of chivalric epic. Chaucer's The Monk's Tale, a brief catalog of the vicissitudes of Fortune, gives a hint of what is to come in Lydgate's massive Fall of Princes (36,365 lines), which is also derived, though not directly, from Boccaccio's De Casibus Virorum Illustrium. The Man of Law's Tale, with its rhetorical elaboration of apostrophe, invocation, and digression in what is essentially a saint's legend, is the model for Lydgate's legends of St. Edmund (3693 lines) and St. Alban (4734 lines), both local monastic patrons, as well as for many shorter saints' lives, though not for the richer and more genuinely devout Life of Our Lady (5932 lines).Biography
Early life and education
In a graffito written towards the end of his life, <mask> admitted to all manner of childhood sins: "I lied to excuse myself. I stole apples … I made mouths at people like a wanton ape. I
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gambled at cherry stones. I was late to rise and dirty at meals. I was chief shammer of illness". He was admitted to the Benedictine monastery of Bury St Edmunds Abbey in 1382, took novice vows soon after and was ordained as a subdeacon in 1389. Based on a letter from Henry V, <mask> was a student at Oxford University, probably Gloucester College (now Worcester College), between 1406 and 1408.It was during this period that Lydgate wrote his early work, Isopes Fabules, with its broad range of scholastic references. Career
Having literary ambitions (he was an admirer of Geoffrey Chaucer and a friend to his son, Thomas) he sought and obtained patronage for his literary work at the courts of Henry IV of England, Henry V of England and Henry VI of England. His patrons included, amongst many others, the mayor and aldermen of London, the chapter of St. Paul's Cathedral, Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick and Henry V and VI. His main supporter from 1422 was Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester. In 1423 Lydgate was made prior of Hatfield Broad Oak, Essex. He soon resigned the office to concentrate on his travels and writing. He was a prolific writer of poems, allegories, fables and romances.His most famous works were his longer and more moralistic Troy Book (1412–20), a 30,000 line translation of the Latin prose narrative by Guido delle Colonne, Historia destructionis Troiae, the Siege of Thebes which was translated from a French prose redaction of the Roman de Thebes and the Fall of Princes. The Fall of Princes (1431-8), is the last and longest of <mask>'s works. Of
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his more accessible poems, most were written in the first decade of the fifteenth century in a Chaucerian vein: The Complaint of the Black Knight (originally called A Complaynt of a Loveres Lyfe and modelled on Chaucer's The Book of the Duchess); The Temple of Glas (indebted to The House of Fame); The Floure of Curtesy (like the Parlement of Foules, a Valentine's Day Poem); and the allegorical Reason and Sensuality. His short poems tend to be the best; as he grew older his poems grew progressively longer, and it is regarding <mask>'s later poetry that Joseph Ritson's harsh characterization of him is based: 'A voluminous, prosaick and drivelling monk'. Similarly, one twentieth-century historian has described <mask>'s verse as "banal". At one time, the long allegorical poem The Assembly of Gods was attributed to him, but the work is now considered anonymous. <mask> was also believed to have written London Lickpenny, a well-known satirical work; however, his authorship of this piece has been thoroughly discredited.He also translated the poems of Guillaume de Deguileville into English. In his later years he lived and probably died at the monastery of Bury St. Edmunds. At some point in his life he returned to the village of his birth and added his signature and a coded message in a graffito onto a wall at St Mary's Church, Lidgate, discovered as recently as 2014. Editions
J. Allan Mitchell, ed. <mask>, The Temple of Glass. Series: TEAMS Middle English Texts. Kalamazoo, MI: Medieval Institute Publications, 2007.Modern renditions
A few of <mask>'s works are
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available in modernised versions:
<mask>'s Troy Book: A Middle English Iliad (The Troy Myth in Medieval Britain Book 1) by D M Smith (2019 Kindle) - complete
<mask>ydgate Troy Book: The Legend of the Trojan War by D.J. Favager (2021 Kindle) - complete
The Siege of Thebes: A Modern English Verse Rendition by D.J. Favager (2018 Kindle)
The Legend of Saint Alban: In a Modern English Prose Version by Simon Webb (2016 the Langley Press)
Lydgate's Disguising at Hertford Castle Translation and Study by Derek Forbes (1998 Blot Publishing)
Quotations
"Who lesith his fredam, in soth, he lesith all. "—an old proverb Lydgate included in his moral fable The Churl and the Bird
Lydgate wrote that King Arthur was crowned in "the land of the fairy", and taken in his death by four fairy queens, to Avalon where he lies under a "fairy hill", until he is needed again. Lydgate is also credited with the first known usage of the adage "Needs must" in its fullest form: "He must nedys go that the deuell dryves" in his The Assembly of Gods. Shakespeare later uses it in All's Well That Ends Well. See also
The Complaint of the Black Knight
References
External links
<mask> at luminarium.org, including links to online texts
The Online Medieval Sources Bibliography cites printed and online editions of Lydgate's works
MS 439/16 Fall of princes at OPenn
1370 births
1451 deaths
People from the Borough of St Edmundsbury
English Benedictines
Middle English poets
15th-century English writers
15th-century English people
Latin–English translators
English Christian
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<mask>. (born March 3, 1946 in Americus, Georgia) is an American cleric, former college president, community and business leader. He is known for his involvement in ecumenical organizations domestically and internationally and in international affairs, especially within the Middle East and Southern Africa. He is the son of the late <mask> and the late <mask>. He attended public schools in Americus before enrolling in Morehouse College, where he graduated in 1968. He earned a Master of Divinity degree at Princeton Theological Seminary in 1972. His worldview was shaped initially in response to the racial segregation he experienced in his hometown, where he participated in voter registration drives in the early 1960s. He studied Philosophy and Psychology at Morehouse and was heavily influenced by Professors <mask> and Lucius Tobin.His principal academic advisor at Princeton was Professor Edward Jurgi. Career
After Princeton, <mask> joined the national staff of the Reformed Church in America (RCA) in 1972, where he remained until assuming the presidency of New York Theological Seminary (NYTS) in 1992. During his tenure at the RCA, he served as an Advisor to the 5th Assembly of the World Council of Churches (WCC) in Nairobi, Kenya and as Moderator of the WCC's Programme to Combat Racism(1976–78). In 1978, at age 32 he was elected the youngest president of the National Council of Churches, and in that capacity at Christmas in 1979, he journeyed with Bishop Thomas Gumbleton, Auxiliary Bishop of the Archdiocese of Detroit, and the Reverend <mask> Coffin, Senior Minister of The Riverside Church, to conduct Christmas services for the U.S. personnel being held hostage Iran. In 1984, he travelled to Syria as Chair of an ecumenical delegation that accompanied the Reverend Jesse Jackson to obtain the release of U. S. Naval Officer Robert O. Goodman. During his tenure at NYTS, the Seminary inaugurated two academic partnerships with area graduate schools in social work and urban studies, doubled its endowment, and won the Arthur Vining Davis Foundations Award for
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Excellence. <mask> was a member of the Council on Foreign Relations for over 20 years.He held an elected position on the Board of Directors of New Jersey Resources from 2005 to 2022, and was a member of the Rutgers University Board of Governors from 2003 to 2013. He chaired the university's Board from 2007 to 2010. He served as a trustee of the National Urban League from 1981 to 1988 and of the Children's Defense Fund from 1980 to 1985. In 2007, he chaired the New Jersey Death Penalty Study Commission, which led to the abolition of the death penalty in that State. <mask> was pastor of Bethany Baptist Church, established in 1871 as the first Baptist church founded by Blacks in Newark, from 2000 to 2015. He was ordained at Rockford, Illinois' Pilgrim Baptist Church in 1974 by the American Baptist Churches USA. He has received several keys to cities and has been awarded honorary degrees from Morehouse College, Miles College, Central College, Bloomfield College.Rutgers University, and Essex County College. Since 2016, he has worked with for-profit and not-for-profit organizations on issues of governance, management and leadership. In 2020, Black, Not Dutch was published by African World Press. This is Dr. <mask>'s account of how the Reformed Church in America responded to the Black Manifesto and its demand for reparations to African Americans for slavery and subsequent oppression. International engagements
For most of the 1970s and 1980s, <mask> played a role in the movement for freedom from colonialism and white minority rule in Southern Africa (Zimbabwe, Namibia, and South Africa) and the former Portuguese colonies. From 1975 until 1990, the year of <mask>'s release from prison, <mask> was denied visas to enter the Republic of South Africa by the apartheid government. During this period, he chaired the Board of the American Committee on Africa; he presided at the United Nations-sponsored North American Regional Conference for Action Against Apartheid in 1984, and the 1981 United Nations Seminar on Bank Loans to South Africa in Zurich, Switzerland.In
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1985, he stood with New Jersey Governor Thomas Kean when he signed a bill divesting State holdings of some $2 billion from companies doing business in South Africa. With Henry F. Henderson, a New Jersey businessman and Commissioner of the Port Authority of NY/NJ, <mask> founded Management Futures, an initiative that provided internships to black South Africans in fields from which they had been excluded under the Job Reservations Act. <mask> led the first post-revolution, American church delegation to the Christian Council of Cuba in 1977 and the first such delegation to the churches of the People's Republic of China after the Cultural Revolution. In 1985, he was a special guest of the Women's Protestant Federation of Germany on the 40th year observance of the fall of the Third Reich. He addressed the 4th Assembly of the All Africa Conference of Churches in Kenya in 1981. Personal life
<mask> married Barbara J. Wright in 1970. They are the parents of <mask> <mask>, Adam Turner <mask>, and <mask> <mask>.Jazz aficionado
A jazz enthusiast and collector, <mask>aint L'Ouverture Freedom Award, Haitian Community, 1980
Distinguished Alumnus Award, Princeton Theological Seminary, 1982
New Jersey Citizen Action Award "International Human Rights Activist", 1985
Outstanding Achievement Award, New York City, NAACP, 1993
The Bennie Award for Achievement, from Morehouse College, 2008
Several honorary degrees and keys to cities have been awarded
Council of Elders, New Jersey Performing Arts Center, 2021
Named to the list of 2021 "Most Influential Corporate Directors", Savoy Magazine
References
External links
http://www.ncccusa.org/news/NCCPresHoward.htm
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2005_July_21/ai_n14811765
https://web.archive.org/web/20120211081543/http://www.bethany-newark.org/history.html
- much more extensive article
African-American Baptist ministers
Baptist ministers from the United States
Living people
Clergy from Newark, New Jersey
1946 births
Morehouse College alumni
21st-century African-American people
20th-century
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<mask> (born June 22, 1971) is a former American football quarterback who played in the National Football League (NFL) for twelve seasons, primarily with the St. Louis Rams and the Arizona Cardinals. His career, which saw him ascend from an undrafted free agent to a two-time Most Valuable Player and Super Bowl MVP, is regarded as one of the greatest stories in NFL history. After playing college football at Northern Iowa from 1990 to 1993, <mask> spent four years without being named to an NFL roster. He was signed by the Green Bay Packers in 1994, but released before the regular season and instead played three seasons for the Iowa Barnstormers of the Arena Football League (AFL). <mask> landed his first NFL roster spot in 1998 with the Rams, holding a backup position until he was thrust into becoming St. Louis' starter the following season. During his first season as an NFL starting quarterback, <mask> led The Greatest Show on Turf offense to the Rams' first Super Bowl title in Super Bowl XXXIV, earning him league and Super Bowl MVP honors. He won his second league MVP award in 2001, en route to a Super Bowl XXXVI appearance, and also appeared in Super Bowl XLIII with the Cardinals.Considered the NFL's greatest undrafted player, <mask> is the only undrafted player to be named NFL MVP and Super Bowl MVP, as well as the only undrafted quarterback to lead his team to a Super Bowl victory. He is also the first quarterback to win the Super Bowl during his first season as the primary starter. <mask> was inducted to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2017 and is the only player inducted to both the Pro Football Hall of Fame and
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the Arena Football Hall of Fame. High school and college
Born in Burlington, Iowa, <mask> played football at Regis High School in Cedar Rapids, graduating in 1989. After graduation from high school, he attended the University of Northern Iowa, graduating in 1993. At UNI, <mask> was third on the Panthers' depth chart until his senior year. When <mask> was finally given the chance to start, he was named the Gateway Conference's Offensive Player of the Year and first team all-conference.Professional career
Green Bay Packers
Following his college career, <mask> went undrafted in the 1994 NFL Draft. He was invited to try out for the Green Bay Packers' training camp in 1994, but was released before the regular season began. <mask> was competing for a spot against Brett Favre, Mark Brunell, and former Heisman Trophy winner Ty Detmer. While <mask> was with the Packers, the head coach was Mike Holmgren, the quarterback coach was Steve Mariucci, and Andy Reid was the offensive assistant. After his release, <mask> stocked shelves at a Hy-Vee grocery store in Cedar Falls for $5.50 an hour. <mask> often cites this starting point when telling of his rise to NFL stardom in 1999. He also mentions that his deepened dedication to Christianity occurred around 1997.<mask> returned to Northern Iowa and worked as a graduate assistant coach with the football team, while still hoping to get another tryout with an NFL team. Iowa Barnstormers
With no NFL teams willing to give him a chance, <mask> turned to the Arena Football League (AFL) in 1995, and signed with the Iowa Barnstormers. He was named to the AFL's First-team All-Arena in both
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1996 and 1997 after he led the Barnstormers to ArenaBowl appearances in both seasons. <mask>'s performance was so impressive that he was later named twelfth out of the 20 Best Arena Football Players of all time. Before the 1997 NFL season, <mask> requested and got a tryout with the Chicago Bears, but an injury to his throwing elbow caused by a spider bite sustained during his honeymoon prevented him from attending. In 2000, after <mask>'s breakout NFL season, the AFL used his new fame for the name of its first widely available video game, <mask>'s Arena Football Unleashed. Years later, on August 12, 2011, he would be named as an inductee into the Arena Football Hall of Fame.St. Louis Rams
Amsterdam Admirals
In December 1997 after the St. Louis Rams' season ended, <mask> signed a futures contract with the team. In February 1998, he was allocated to NFL Europe to play for the Amsterdam Admirals, where he led the league in touchdowns and passing yards. His backup at the time was future Carolina Panthers quarterback Jake Delhomme. Returning to the United States, <mask> spent the 1998 season as St. Louis' third-string quarterback behind Tony Banks and Steve Bono. He ended his season completing only 4 of 11 pass attempts for 39 yards and a 47.2 QB rating. 1999 season
Prior to the 1999 free-agency period, the Rams chose <mask> to be one of the team's five unprotected players in the 1999 NFL expansion draft. <mask> went unselected by the Cleveland Browns, who chose no Rams and whose only quarterback selection was Scott Milanovich.The Rams let Bono leave in free agency and signed Trent Green to be the starter. Banks was
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traded to the Ravens, and <mask> now found himself second on the depth chart. After Green suffered a torn ACL via a low hit by Rodney Harrison in a preseason game, Rams coach Dick Vermeil named <mask> as the Rams' starter. In an emotional press conference, Vermeil—who hadn't seen <mask> work with the first-string offense—said, "We will rally around <mask>, and we'll play good football." With the support of running back Marshall Faulk and wide receivers Isaac Bruce, Torry Holt, Az-Zahir Hakim, and Ricky Proehl, <mask> put together one of the top seasons by a quarterback in NFL history, throwing for 4,353 yards with 41 touchdown passes and a completion rate of 65.1%. The Rams' high-powered offense, run by offensive coordinator Mike Martz, was nicknamed "The Greatest Show on Turf" and registered the first in a string of three consecutive 500-point seasons, an NFL record. <mask> threw three touchdown passes in each of his first three NFL starts, an NFL record until it was surpassed by Patrick Mahomes in 2018.<mask> drew more attention in the Rams' fourth game of the season, a home game against the San Francisco 49ers (who had been NFC West division champions for 12 of the previous 13 seasons). The Rams lost their last 17 meetings with the 49ers, but <mask> proceeded to throw a touchdown pass on each of the Rams' first three possessions of the game, and four touchdowns in the first half alone, to propel the Rams to a 28–10 halftime lead on the way to a 42–20 victory. <mask> finished the game with five touchdown passes, giving him 14 in four games and the Rams a 4–0 record. <mask>'s breakout season from a career in
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anonymity was so unexpected that Sports Illustrated featured him on their October 18 cover with the caption "Who Is This Guy?" He was named the 1999 NFL MVP at the season's end for leading the Rams to their first playoff berth since 1989 (when they were still in Los Angeles) and their first division title since 1985. In the NFL playoffs, <mask> ultimately led the Rams to a victory in Super Bowl XXXIV against the Tennessee Titans. In the game, he threw for two touchdowns and a then Super Bowl-record 414 passing yards, including a 73-yard touchdown to Isaac Bruce when the game was tied with just over two minutes to play, which proved to be the game-winning score.<mask> also set a Super Bowl record by attempting 45 passes without a single interception. For his performance, <mask> was awarded the Super Bowl MVP award. As of 2021, <mask> is the most recent player to win both the NFL MVP and Super Bowl MVP in the same year. 2000 season
On July 21, <mask> signed a seven-year contract worth $47 million. He started the 2000 season where he had left off in his record-setting 1999 season, racking up 300 or more passing yards in each of his first six games (tying Steve Young's record) and posting 19 touchdown passes in that stretch. <mask> broke his hand and missed the middle of the season, but Trent Green filled in ably and the <mask> duo led the Rams to the highest team passing yard total in NFL history, with 5,232 net yards. <mask> and Green's combined gross passing yards total was 5,492.In contrast to his previous season, however, <mask>'s turnover rate drastically increased in 2000, as he threw an interception in 5.2% of
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his attempts (compared to just 2.6% in 1999). Despite one of the most productive offensive years by an NFL team, the Rams won only ten games and lost in the wild card round to the New Orleans Saints. In response to the disappointing season, the Rams cut nine of their eleven defensive starters during the offseason, and Trent Green was traded to the Kansas City Chiefs. 2001 season
<mask> returned to MVP form in 2001. Although his performance lagged behind his 1999 performance, he amassed a league-high 36 touchdown passes and 4,830 passing yards, and another league high mark in passer rating (101.4). <mask>'s tendency for turnovers carried over from 2000, as he tossed a career-high 22 interceptions (despite completing a career-high 68.7% of his passes), but he still led "The Greatest Show on Turf" to its third consecutive 6–0 start (becoming the first NFL team to do so, later equaled by the 2005–2007 Indianapolis Colts), an NFL-best 14–2 record, and an appearance in Super Bowl XXXVI. <mask> was also named the NFL MVP for the second time in three seasons, giving the Rams their third winner in as many years (running back Marshall Faulk won in 2000).In Super Bowl XXXVI, <mask> threw for 365 yards (then the second-highest, now the sixth-highest total in Super Bowl history) and a passing touchdown along with a rushing touchdown, but his rhythm was disrupted by New England Patriots coach Bill Belichick's defensive game plan and he tossed two costly interceptions which helped stake the heavy-underdog Patriots to a two-touchdown lead. After falling behind to the Patriots 17–3, though, the Rams rallied to tie the game late in
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the fourth quarter on a one-yard <mask> quarterback sneak touchdown run and a 26-yard touchdown pass from <mask> to Ricky Proehl. The game ended in a 20-17 loss for <mask> and the Rams when Patriots kicker Adam Vinatieri kicked a game-winning field goal as time expired, giving the Patriots the first of three Super Bowl wins in four years. 2002–2003 seasons
<mask> began the 2002 season as the Rams' starter, but he played poorly, throwing seven interceptions against only one touchdown as the team went 0–3. In the Rams' fourth game, this one against the Dallas Cowboys, <mask> broke a finger on his throwing hand. <mask> attempted to come back later in the season, but his injury allowed him to play only two more games (both losses). In contrast to his 103.0 career passer rating entering the season, <mask> posted a minuscule 67.4 rating in 2002.The following season, <mask> was replaced as the Rams' starting quarterback for good after fumbling six times in the team's opening-day game against the New York Giants. <mask> later revealed that he had previously broken his hand and that it had not fully healed, making it more difficult to grip the football. His successor as the Rams' starting quarterback, Marc Bulger (another relatively unheralded quarterback coming out of college), stepped into the breach and played reasonably well upon replacing <mask>. The Rams signed veteran Chris Chandler as Bulger's backup. The Rams released <mask> on June 1, 2004 with three years left on his contract. New York Giants
Two days after his release from the Rams, he signed a one-year, $3 million deal with the New York Giants, with a second year
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player option worth $6 million. <mask> started the 2004 season as the Giants' starting quarterback, winning five of his first seven games, but following a two-game losing streak, highly touted rookie quarterback Eli Manning was given the starting job.The Giants had a 5–4 win-loss record at the time of <mask>'s benching, finishing at 6–10 overall (going only 1–6 under Manning). Following the season, <mask> chose to void the second year of his contract, and thus became a free agent. Arizona Cardinals
2005 season
In early 2005, <mask> signed a one-year, $4-million contract with the Arizona Cardinals, and was quickly named the starter by coach Dennis Green. <mask> posted three relatively mediocre performances before injuring his groin and being replaced by former starter Josh McCown. McCown performed well enough in the two games <mask> missed that McCown remained the starter. After McCown struggled in two straight games, Green re-inserted <mask> into the starting line-up. After playing fairly well in two consecutive losses (passing for a total of nearly 700 yards), <mask> defeated his former team, the Rams, by a score of 38–28.He passed for 285 yards and three touchdowns while posting a quarterback rating of 115.9. <mask>'s season ended in week 15 when he partially tore his MCL. <mask> signed a new three-year extension with the Cardinals on February 14, 2006. The deal had a base salary of $18 million and, with performance incentives, could have been worth as much as $24 million. 2006 season
In Week 1 of the 2006 NFL season, <mask> won the NFC Offensive Player of the Week award, throwing for 301 yards and three
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touchdowns in a win over San Francisco. Two weeks later, <mask> passed the 20,000-yard passing milestone in his 76th game, the second-quickest of any player in NFL history (<mask> accomplished the feat in one game more than it took record-holder Dan Marino). After three subpar games in Weeks 2-4, <mask> was replaced as quarterback by rookie Matt Leinart in the fourth quarter of week 4.Then-coach Dennis Green stated that <mask> would be the backup quarterback for the remainder of the season. In week 16, Leinart went down with a shoulder injury against the 49ers, forcing <mask> to see his first action since week 4. <mask> filled in nicely, as he was able to hang on for the Cardinals win. In week 17 against the San Diego Chargers, <mask> started again in place of the injured Leinart, throwing for 365 yards (which led the NFL for that week) and a touchdown, though the Chargers were able to hold on for a 27–20 win. 2007 season
Leinart was given the starting quarterback job at the start of the 2007 season. However, in the third game of the season, against the Baltimore Ravens, <mask> came off the bench to relieve an ineffective Leinart during the 4th quarter with the Ravens leading 23–6 at the beginning of the period. <mask> led a furious comeback, as he completed 15 of 20 passes for 258 yards and 2 touchdowns.This brought Arizona to a tie game (23–23), though Arizona would go on to lose the game 26–23 after Baltimore kicked a last-second field goal. On September 30, 2007, during the week four game against the Pittsburgh Steelers, <mask> relieved Leinart again, following another ineffective start. <mask> finished with 14
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completed of 21 attempts for 132 yards with one touchdown pass and no interceptions, while Leinart re-entered the game in the 4th quarter and led the Cardinals to their final touchdown. After Leinart was placed on injured reserve, <mask> was named starter for the remainder of the 2007 season. <mask> passed for a career-high 484 yards against the 49ers in a 37–31 loss on November 25, but had a fumble in the end zone in overtime that was recovered by Tully Banta-Cain, and the Cardinals lost. However, the following week <mask> improved; and the Cardinals earned a victory over the Browns that brought the Cardinals to 6–6 and kept them in the chase for the NFC Wild Card playoff spot. <mask> finished the 2007 season with 27 passing touchdowns, just one shy of the Cardinals franchise record.<mask>'s performance earned him a $1 million bonus for the year, and he fell just short of attaining a 90.0+ passer rating, which would have given him an extra $500,000. 2008 season
Leinart was named the Cardinals' starting quarterback going into the 2008 off-season, but Ken Whisenhunt stated that it would be very possible for <mask> to be the starter before week one of the regular season. Indeed, <mask> was named the starter on August 30, 2008. That season, <mask> had 4,583 passing yards, 30 touchdowns, and a completion percentage of 67.1%. He was the top ranked passer in the National Football Conference for the third time, and only trailed Philip Rivers and Chad Pennington of the AFC in NFL passer rating for the season. <mask> also received FedEx Air Player of the Week honors for his performance during weeks 9 and 11 of the season. He
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had his struggles during the season, as in week 3 of the season vs. the New York Jets, his team turned the ball over 7 times.This included an interception for a touchdown, and 2 picks resulting in a touchdown and a field goal in just the second quarter. <mask> still managed to get his team to score 35 points in a 56-35 loss. On December 7, 2008, <mask> led the Cardinals to a 34–10 win over his former team, the Rams, securing for the Cardinals the NFC West Division title and their first playoff berth since 1998. It was the Cardinals' first division title since 1975 and third of the post-merger era. As a result, the Cardinals earned a home playoff game, only their second ever, and their first in Arizona. (Despite winning division titles in the 1974 and 1975 seasons in St. Louis, the Cardinals played on the road in the playoffs as a result of the playoff structure in those days.) On December 16, 2008, <mask> was named the starting quarterback for the NFC team in the 2009 Pro Bowl.2008 postseason
On January 3, 2009, <mask> led the Cardinals in their victory over the Atlanta Falcons 30–24 at home in the first round of the playoffs. During the game <mask> went 19 for 32 passing, a completion percentage of 59.4%, for 271 yards. He threw two touchdowns and one interception. This win represented the first time the Cardinals had won a post-season home game since the 1947 NFL Championship Game. On January 10, <mask> helped the Cardinals defeat the Carolina Panthers 33–13 in Charlotte, North Carolina in the second round of the playoffs. During the game <mask> went 21 for 32 passing, for 220 yards, a completion percentage of
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65.6%, with two touchdowns and one interception. This win was the first time the Cardinals had won a game on the East Coast the entire 2008 season, after having lost away games to the Panthers, Washington Redskins, Philadelphia Eagles, New York Jets, and the New England Patriots.On January 18, <mask> threw for 279 yards, four touchdowns, and no interceptions against the Philadelphia Eagles to lead the Cardinals to their first Super Bowl appearance in history. <mask> is one of four quarterbacks who made Super Bowl starts with two teams (alongside Craig Morton, Peyton Manning, and Tom Brady). In <mask>'s third career Super Bowl appearance on February 1, the Cardinals lost Super Bowl XLIII 27–23 to the Pittsburgh Steelers, leaving him with a career 1–2 record in Super Bowls. Despite losing, <mask> still managed to throw for 377 yards (the fourth-highest total in Super Bowl history). He completed 72.1% of his passes, and had a quarterback rating of 112.3. <mask> had now recorded the three highest single-game passing yardage totals in the history of the Super Bowl, and joined Roger Staubach, Terry Bradshaw, Joe Montana, John Elway, and Tom Brady as the only quarterbacks to throw a touchdown pass in three Super Bowls. <mask> took his team to the Super Bowl every year that he played as the starting quarterback during all regular and post season games.2009 season
<mask> announced his desire to return to the Cardinals for the 2009 season. The Cardinals offered him a two-year contract worth around $20 million but <mask> was looking for a contract that would pay him about $14 million a year and the two sides could not come to
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an agreement. On February 27, 2009, <mask> became a free agent and went on to have talks with the San Francisco 49ers. The 49ers offered <mask> a contract worth more than that offered by the Cardinals. On March 4, <mask> re-signed with the Cardinals to a two-year deal worth $23 million total, $4 million for each of the next two years, with a $15 million signing bonus, and $19 million guaranteed. <mask> underwent arthroscopic hip surgery to repair a torn labrum on March 17, 2009. On September 20, 2009, <mask> broke the NFL's single-game record for completion percentage in the regular season, completing 24 of 26 passing for 243 yards and two touchdowns.<mask>'s 92.3 percent completion rate broke the previous NFL record set by Vinny Testaverde in 1993. On November 1, 2009, <mask> threw a career-high-equaling five interceptions during a loss to the Carolina Panthers. During the same game <mask> became the first quarterback in the NFL to throw for over 14,000 yards with two teams. On November 8, <mask> equaled his career-high of five touchdown passes in a single game during a 41–21 victory over the Chicago Bears. This performance led to <mask> being named both the NFC Offensive Player of the Week and the FedEx Air NFL Player of the Week. On November 15, 2009, <mask> reached a career milestone with his 200th touchdown pass during a 31–20 win against the Seattle Seahawks. On November 22, 2009, during a 21–13 victory over the St. Louis Rams, <mask> left the game after suffering a concussion.<mask> continued to suffer from post-concussion symptoms and on November 29, 2009, he was deactivated against the Tennessee Titans,
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breaking his consecutive starts streak at 41 games. On December 6, 2009, <mask> returned to action as the Cardinals defeated the Minnesota Vikings 30–17. <mask> registered his fourth consecutive game with a passer rating of 120 or better, making him only the second quarterback in NFL history to accomplish the feat. After his three-touchdown performance, <mask> was named both the NFC Offensive Player of the Week and the FedEx Air NFL Player of the Week. On December 27, 2009, <mask> became only the second quarterback in NFL history to throw 100 touchdown passes with two teams (Hall of Famer Fran Tarkenton is the other), in the Cardinals' 31–10 win over the St. Louis Rams. On December 29, 2009, <mask> was named an alternate quarterback for the NFC team in the 2010 Pro Bowl. 2009 postseason
On January 10, 2010, <mask> threw five touchdowns and completed 29 of 33 passes for 379 yards in a 51–45 victory over the Green Bay Packers.The game had the highest combined total score in NFL playoff history. <mask> became one of the very few quarterbacks in NFL history to throw more touchdowns (5) than incompletions (4) in a playoff game. <mask> finished the game with the second highest quarterback rating in NFL playoff history with a rating of 154.1. He also became the second quarterback to throw for five touchdown passes in a playoff game twice, and the first to do so since the merger of the leagues. He is also the oldest player to have thrown that many touchdown passes in a playoff game (38 years, 202 days). <mask> also tied the NFL record for consecutive playoff games with at least three touchdown passes (three games). Since the
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playoff game was his last at home in the playoffs during his career, he finished a perfect 7-0 in home contests (4-0 with St. Louis; 3-0 with Arizona).On January 16, <mask> was injured in the first half trying to tackle the ball carrier after an interception on the way to a 45–14 loss at New Orleans in the NFC Divisional round. He returned for the second half, but yielded to understudy Matt Leinart midway through the fourth quarter. In 2012, the NFL discovered the Saints had placed a bounty on <mask>. <mask> never accused the Saints of making an illegal hit or ending his career, saying "It was a violent hit, no question. But I also believe it was a legal hit." Retirement
<mask> officially announced his retirement from the NFL in January 2010. He said he was looking forward to finally being a true father to his seven kids, and that he wanted to spend time with his wife.He spoke on the impact and influence of his family, former teammates, and God. He became eligible for induction into the Hall of Fame following the 2014 season. In December 2014, <mask> admitted he briefly considered coming out of retirement and returning to the Cardinals following the team losing Carson Palmer and Drew Stanton due to injuries. Post-retirement career
<mask> became an Iowa Barnstormers broadcaster for the 2011 Arena Football League season. In May 2010, he was inducted into the Arena Football Hall of Fame. He is also a member of the Iowa Barnstormers Hall of Fame. <mask> was inducted into the St. Louis Sports Hall of Fame in 2014.<mask> was selected for induction in the Pro Football Hall of Fame class of 2017. He was inducted on August 5,
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2017, alongside Morten Andersen, Terrell Davis, Kenny Easley, Jerry Jones, Jason Taylor, and LaDainian Tomlinson. He is the only person inducted into both the Pro Football Hall of Fame and the Arena Football Hall of Fame. From 2015 to 2018, <mask> was a coach at Desert Mountain High School in Scottsdale, Arizona. Notably, Kedon Slovis played under <mask> before being recruited by the USC Trojans for the 2019 college football season. Since 2019, <mask> is the quarterbacks coach at Brophy College Preparatory. Career statistics and records
NFL statistics
Regular season
Postseason
Super Bowl
NFL records
First quarterback to throw 400+ yards in a Super Bowl game – 414 yards against Tennessee in Super Bowl XXXIV
Was the most passing yards in a Super Bowl game until surpassed by Tom Brady in Super Bowl LI
Most touchdown passes in a single postseason – 11 touchdowns (in 2009, tied with Joe Montana in 1990 and Joe Flacco in 2013)
Most yards passing in a single postseason, 3 games played – 1,063 yards (in 1999)
Highest rate of games with 300+ yards passing (min.100 games played) – 41.9% (52/124)
First quarterback to throw 40 touchdowns and win a Super Bowl in the same season (in 1999; Tom Brady accomplished the same feat in 2020 when he threw 40 touchdowns and won Super Bowl LV.) Most yards passing in the first four games of a season – 1557 yards (2000)
Most yards passing in the first five games of a season – 1947 yards (2000)
Most yards passing in the first six games of a season – 2260 yards (2000)
Highest average passing yards per game on Monday Night Football – 329.4 yards (min 7 games)
Most wins in the NFC
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Championship Game without a loss (3-0; 1999, 2001, 2008). <mask>'s parents divorced when he was six. <mask> and his brother, Matt, lived with their mother, including through another short marriage and divorce. <mask>'s father, <mask>, remarried a year after divorcing <mask>'s mom. <mask>'s stepmother, <mask>, also had a son named Matt (Post). The three boys formed a close relationship soon thereafter.<mask> graduated in 1989 from Regis High School, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, where he was quarterback of the school's Class 3A football team. College
<mask> graduated from University of Northern Iowa with a degree in communications. Marriage
During college, <mask> met his future wife, Brenda Carney Meoni; they married on October 11, 1997. Brenda is a former United States Marine Corps corporal. She was divorced with two children, one of whom was left brain damaged and blind after being accidentally dropped by Brenda's ex-husband, leading to her hardship discharge from the Marines in 1990. After <mask> was cut from the Packers' training camp in 1994, he got a job working the night shift as a night stock clerk at a local Hy-Vee grocery store, in addition to his work as an assistant coach at Northern Iowa. While <mask> was working as an assistant coach, the couple were living in Brenda's parents' basement in Cedar Falls.Brenda's parents were killed in 1996 when their Mountain View, Arkansas home was destroyed by a tornado. <mask> and Brenda married on October 11, 1997, at the St. John American Lutheran Church, the same place where the service for Brenda's parents was held. <mask> was still hoping to get an NFL tryout, but with that
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possibility appearing dim and the long hours at Hy-Vee for minimum wage taking their toll, <mask> began his Arena League career. After marrying Brenda, <mask> officially adopted her two children from her first marriage; they have since added five children of their own. Christian faith and testimony
<mask> and <mask> are devout evangelical Christians. His faith first emerged on the national stage following the Rams' Super Bowl victory, where he was named the game's MVP:
Nine years later, upon leading the Cardinals to the franchise's first-ever Super Bowl, <mask>'s response was similar:
<mask> has usually attended charismatic churches, and believes that God healed him from a concussion he suffered in 2000. However, he eschews the term "charismatic."In 2001, he told Charisma, "I'm just a Christian." Broadcasting
In 2010, <mask> joined NFL Network as an analyst. He can be seen regularly on NFL Total Access, as well as in-studio on NFL Network's Thursday Night Football pregame show, Thursday Night Kickoff Presented by Sears. <mask> also served as an analyst for the NFL Network's coverage of the 2010 Arena Football League playoffs. <mask> tested positive for COVID-19 in January 2021, and was unable to serve on the studio panel for NFL GameDay Morning for the wild card playoff round. In August 2010, Fox Sports announced that <mask> would be serving as a color analyst on the network's NFL coverage in the 2010 season. He teamed with play-by-play announcers Chris Rose or Chris Myers to call regional games.In 2014, Westwood One radio hired <mask> as a substitute analyst on Monday Night Football games when regular analyst
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Boomer Esiason is unavailable. In 2018, <mask> became the full-time radio analyst. Television appearances
On January 27, 2009, <mask> made a special appearance on the NBC reality show The Biggest Loser. <mask> made a guest appearance on Disney's The Suite Life on Deck as himself, in the episode "Any Given Fantasy" which aired on January 18, 2010. On February 9, 2010, <mask> was a surprise guest on the final episode of The Jay Leno Show. On August 30, 2010, it was announced on live television that <mask> would be appearing as a contestant on Dancing with the Stars. His professional dance partner was Anna Trebunskaya; the couple was eliminated in week 8, the Instant Choreography Week.<mask> appeared as the host of The Moment, a reality series on USA Network, in 2013. Film and video
In 2003, GoodTimes Entertainment released the direct-to-home video <mask>'s Good Sports Gang, a film featuring <mask> as the "coach" of a group of animated sports balls. The series was sponsored by <mask>, and focused on religious faith and moral values. A portion of the proceeds went to Warner's First Things First Foundation. Although it was originally planned as a series, Episode 1: Elliot the Invincible, was the only release along with Together, We're Better (Episode 2) and a few shorts featuring <mask> and his adopted daughter, <mask>. In February 2020, it was announced that the Erwin Brothers were creating, and releasing a theatrical film about <mask>'s life titled American Underdog, with Zachary Levi as <mask>. The film was produced by Kingdom Story Company, and distributed by Lionsgate on December 25, 2021 to generally favorable
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reviews.Endorsements
On December 3, 2010, <mask>'s first multi-year post-retirement endorsement agreement was announced. Amway North America announced that it had signed <mask> to a multi-year endorsement agreement to represent the Nutrilite brand. Amway reportedly agreed to make a $50,000 donation to <mask>'s First Things First Foundation. In addition to his post-retirement endorsements and charity work, <mask> has invested in the Elite Football League of India, a South Asian professional football league. Other prominent American backers include former Chicago Bears head coach Mike Ditka, former Dallas Cowboys wide receiver Michael Irvin, sports analyst and former NFL quarterback Ron Jaworski, and actor Mark Wahlberg. <mask>'s total investment amount remains undisclosed, although $50,000 of it will go towards a donation of footballs to schools and underprivileged children throughout India. Public service
<mask> has also appeared in several public service announcements for Civitan International, promoting his and Brenda's volunteer efforts and their work with the developmentally disabled.This issue is personally close to <mask>, as Zachary, his adopted son from Brenda's first marriage, suffered major brain damage as an infant when his biological father accidentally dropped him. <mask> has devoted time and money to his First Things First Foundation, the name of which was derived from his interview after winning the Super Bowl in 1999. The foundation is dedicated to impacting lives by promoting Christian values, sharing experiences and providing opportunities to encourage everyone that all things are possible when
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people seek to put 'first things first.' The foundation has been involved with numerous projects for causes such as children's hospitals, people with developmental disabilities and assisting single parents. <mask>'s work both on and off the field resulted in him being awarded the NFL Walter Payton Man of the Year Award 2008, which was presented to him at the start of Super Bowl XLIII. In March 2009, <mask> was honored with the Muhammad Ali Sports Leadership Award. <mask> was selected by USA Weekend as the winner of its annual Most Caring Athlete Award for 2009.In December 2009, <mask> topped a Sports Illustrated poll of NFL players to name the best role model on and off the field in the NFL. In February 2010, <mask> received the annual Bart Starr Award, given for outstanding character and leadership in the home, on the field and in the community. At the award presentation, Bart Starr said of <mask>: "We have never given this award to anyone who is more deserving". See also
List of NFL quarterbacks who have posted a perfect passer rating
List of Arena Football League and National Football League players
NFL starting quarterback playoff records
References
Further reading
<mask>, <mask> & Silver, Michael, (2000). All Things Possible. San Francisco: HarperCollins. (cloth) (paper back).Warner, <mask> & Brenda, (2009). First Things First. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House Publishers Inc. (Hardcover)
External links
1971 births
Alliance of American Football announcers
American Christians
American football quarterbacks
Amsterdam Admirals players
Arena football announcers
Arizona Cardinals players
Green Bay
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<mask> (5 March 1364 – 16 February 1402, Arnhem) was Duke of Guelders, as <mask>, from 1377 and Duke of Jülich, as <mask> III, from 1393. <mask> was known for his military activities, participating in the Prussian crusade five times and battling with neighbors in France and Brabant throughout his rule. His allies included Holy Roman Emperors, <mask> and Wenceslaus, <mask> of England, and Conrad Zöllner von Rothenstein, the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights. During his reign the duchies of Guelders and Jülich were temporarily unified. Childhood and accession
<mask> was the eldest son of <mask> II, Duke of Jülich and Maria of Guelders, half-sister of Reginald III, Duke of Guelders and Edward, Duke of Guelders. The brothers Edward and Reginald disputed the Duchy, with Edward taking control in 1361, imprisoning his brother. In 1366, Edward violated a peace made with <mask>, Holy Roman Emperor and Wenceslaus I, Duke of Luxembourg (who was Duke of Brabant by marriage to Joanna, Duchess of Brabant) by not protecting Brabant merchants in the land between the Rhine and the Meuse who were under threat by armed men involved in the English-French wars.Wenceslaus's army then invaded and engaged in the Battle of Baesweiler in August 1371. Duke Edward, who was about to marry Katherine of Bavaria, daughter of Albert I, Duke of Bavaria, joined the battle and captured Duke Wenceslaus, but was wounded by an arrow and died. Reginald was immediately released, but died of ill health in three months, neither leaving heirs. This led to internal dissent over succession. Edward and Reginald were the only children of <mask>, Duke of Guelders and Eleanor of Woodstock, daughter of Edward II of England, and Reginald's only male heirs.
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<mask>'s first marriage was to Sophia Berthout, Lady of Mechelen, which led to four daughters. Two daughters, Maria and Mathilde, then made claim to the title.Mathilde's claim was based on her position as eldest daughter. Maria based her claim on <mask>, who was seven at the time, being the only male representative of the blood of Guelders. Mathilde quickly married John II, Count of Blois, and this grievance precipitated into the War of the Succession of Guelders. <mask>'s father, <mask> II, Duke of Jülich, was granted the right to administer the duchy by Emperor Charles IV during his son's minority. At this time a marriage was arranged between the young <mask> and Katherine of Bavaria, who had been betrothed to his uncle Edward. However, as part of the reconciliation between the houses of Blois and Jülich, some of Guelders remained under the control of Mathilde, and the upper district was under control of Jülich. In 1377, upon the boys majority, Emperor <mask> granted Guelders and Zutphen to <mask>, the son of <mask> II, but it took two more years to consolidate his authority over the entire duchy.He immediately received homage from Arnhem, Nijmegen, and the upper district. However, <mask> did not recognize all of the municipal privileges granted by his half-uncle, Duke Reginald. His rule was opposed by some areas, notably Betuwe and Veluwe, and by nobles led by Frederik van Heeckeren van der Eze, who had supported Mathilde (and Reginald) in comparison to nobles led by Gijsbert V van Bronckhorst, Heer van Bronckhorst who had supported Edward and Maria. <mask> consolidated control after besieging a number of castles of Hekeren nobles. His father accompanied him in a victory over the lord of Voorst near Gennep and
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Reginald van Brederede van Gennep, the chief leader of the Hekerens. With this, Mathilde and John of Blois renounced all claim to Guelders and Zutphen on 24 March 1379. That fall <mask> married Catherine.Wars and rule
<mask>'s rule is cited as an example of the chivalry of that time in France and the Netherlands. He put on many tournaments and sports at arms, and has been called an ideal knight. He participated in crusades against the Lithuanians in East Prussia in the territories of the Teutonic Order with <mask> of Holland, first in 1383, and later in 1388–89 and 1393. He was an ally of the English in the Hundred Years' War. And continuing the enmity from the War of the Succession of Guelders, he fought successfully in 1386–1388 with his father against the Duchy of Brabant, which was allied with France and Burgundy. <mask>'s army advanced far into Brabant, although his army was stalled in a battle near Grave, North Brabant in July 1388. His actions and alliance with England have been seen as reckless, and raised the ire of <mask> of France, who advanced on Guelders with an army of 100,000.<mask> narrowly escaped disaster with an apology, but his stand against the French made him famous throughout Europe. Capture in Pomerania
Shortly after his campaigns in Brabant, <mask> departed again for Prussia with a large army. He was quite successful in this crusade, but was taken prisoner near Stolpe in Pomerania, the land of Wartislaw <mask>, Duke of Pomerania. He was taken to the castle of Falkenburg, where he stayed for six months. Conrad Zöllner von Rothenstein, the grand master of the Teutonic Order, won his freedom. <mask> demanded that his freedom be formally declared, but the Pomeranian was embarrassed by his
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defeat. In fear of the citizens, the Pomeranian nobleman hid in a tree on one side of a brook and shouted his declaration of <mask>'s freedom to <mask> and the Teutonic Knights who were on the other side.<mask> then returned to Guelders by way of Bohemia, where he visited his brother-in-law, Wenceslaus, King of the Romans. Return to Europe
In the spring of 1390 <mask> went to England and was made a Knight of the Garter by Richard II of England - and was the first continental nobleman to be honored in this way. The next year he made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, and in the summer of 1391 he joined a French fleet to fight Moorish pirates of the coast of Barbary. He returned to the crusades in Prussia in the winter of 1392 and 1393, and inherited the Duchy of Jülich (as <mask> III) in 1393 upon the death of his father. This involved him in new difficulties with neighbors in Cologne, Berg, Cleves, and Mark. In 1399, further hostilities with Brabant resulted finally in cession of Grave to Guelders. He also participated in a fourth campaign against the Prussians in 1399, and then a fifth crusade.As part of his involvement in the Hundred Years' War, he played an important role as he was in control of the coronation road between Frankfurt and Aachen, which passed through his territory. He was thus able to prevent the coronation of Rupert of Germany in 1400. In the fall of 1401 <mask> was intending to prepare to join his brother in law, John van Arkel, in his war against Duke Albert in Holland. However, he took sick, and died 16 February 1402. Legacy
Had <mask> lived longer, it is likely that he would have continued to resist Burgundian influence in the Netherlands, and his legacy was heavily tied with his external wars.
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Although these wars came at a cost for the people of Guelders and Jülich, his activity did allow for his counties to thrive economically and to unite against an external enemy. As evidence the political parties of the Heeckeren and the Bronckhorstens were reconciled.After his death, his only brother Reginald IV succeeded him as duke of a united Jülich and Guelders-Zutphen. Reginald was less warlike, although tensions continued with Cleves over Lymers and Zevenaar, and the town of Emmerich was ceded to Cleves. Upon the death of Reginald, also without issue, the Duchy of Jülich went to Adolf, Duke of Jülich-Berg, son of <mask> of Jülich, 1st Duke of Berg, and grandson of <mask> of Jülich, Count of Berg and Ravensberg, brother of <mask>'s father. The Duchy of Guelders-Zutphen went to Arnold of Egmond, son of Maria van Arkel, daughter of <mask>'s sister, Joanna, and Count <mask> of Arkel. Personal retinue
The court of Guelders at the end of the 14th century and beginning of the 15th century was quite celebrated, including numerous physicians, barbers, falconers and cooks. Among his retinue, <mask> kept head cooks Evarardus Bolte, Crumken, and Elbertus van Eijll (who continued as master cook for <mask>'s successor, <mask>). Elbertus may have been the grandson of Evarardus Bolte, and a genealogie of Elbertus' grandson in about 1440 claimed that Elbertus married a bastard daughter of Duke <mask> named Margaret.In 1396, during a visit to the English king, the cooks entered a cooking contest against their English counterparts led by then head cook, Crumken. <mask> kept many physicians. In 1388/89, three physicians are mentioned: Arnt van Auwel, Clais, and Peter, as well as a healer of wounds, Jan van Asperen. Later, Peter
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van Orten and Giesbert van Berg were separately brought into <mask>'s household after serving as professors of Medicine at the University of Cologne. Giesbert managed to work as a physician to Duchess Johanna and Antoine, Duke of Brabant, enemies of Guelders. When sick in 1401 and 1402, other doctors were called: Derich Distel, Volpart, Evert <mask> Eze, and an English physician, Thomas. <mask> had many assistants who administered his lands while he was on campaigns.In 1388 during campaigns in Prussia, <mask> left Henry of Steenbergen to administer Jülich and Guelders. In 1390 while visiting the King of England, he left Johann von der Velde called Honselaerr, who had fought with Duke <mask> against Brabant in Grave. His musicians included Claes Heynenzoon, called Herald Gelre, also famous for his Wapenboek Gelre, a book containing drawings of the coats of arms of many famous nobles, an artist called Middelen, and Henric the Bohemian. Wife and children
<mask> married in 1379 Catharina of Bavaria (1361 – 11 November 1400), daughter of <mask>, Duke of Bavaria, who had been betrothed to his uncle Edward, Duke of Guelders. The marriage remained childless, and Katherine died in Hattem on 11 November 1400. Upon his death in 1402, <mask> was buried next to his wife at Monnikhuizen monastery near Arnhem. <mask> had illegitimate children including:
Margaret, aforementioned wife of Elbert van Eijll
Johanna of Guelders-Jülich, married <mask> of Kuyk
Johan of Guelders, son of Mechtild van Brackel, married Hadewig van Sinderen
Maria of Jülich, married Johan van Buren, and had issue.References
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Dukes of Jülich
Christians of the Prussian Crusade
1364 births
1402 deaths
House of Jülich-Hengebach
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<mask> (born 1949) is currently the Director of Research at the Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, where he has been a Fellow since 1996. From 2011 to 2014, he served as
the director of the Coady International Institute and vice-president of International Development at St. Francis Xavier University in Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada. Education and career
<mask> received his B.A. from Vanderbilt University in 1971, and was a Rhodes Scholar at Oxford. He taught at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville from 1987 until 1996. He began to help lead a grassroots adult educational program at the Highlander Research and Education Center in New Market, Tennessee, in 1976, and was director from 1993 until 1996. He received a MacArthur Award in 1981 for his work with the Highlander Center.His first publication, Power and Powerlessness: Quiescence and Rebellion in an Appalachian Valley, broke new theoretical and empirical ground in the study of social power, winning the Woodrow Wilson Foundation Book Award of the American Political Science Association, the V.O Key Book Award of the Southern Political Science Association, the Lillian Smith Book Award of the Southern Regiona Council, and the W.D Weatherford Book Award, and earned co-runnerup in the first annual Robert F. Kennedy Book Award competition. In February 2015, the journal Southern Spaces posted previously unpublished footage recorded by Helen Lewis, <mask>, and Richard Greatrex as part of their project to document the cultures of Appalachian and Welsh mining communities in the 1970s. <mask>'s papers are managed by the Belk Library at Appalachian State University. Research on community power
While studying at Oxford with Steven Lukes, author of Power: a Radical View (1974), Gaventa developed a theoretical and methodological approach to the study of community power that has radically transformed community power studies in political sociology and opened a path for the legitimization of participatory research in mainstream sociology and political science. The book Global
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Citizen Action, edited by Gaventa, is one such example. In an essay written for the book, <mask> writes, "Since the 1970s many activists have heard and been guided by the adage 'think globally, act locally.' These essays would suggest the reverse: Think locally about the impacts of global institutions and global forces."He used this skills to become an activist in and document series of national mining strikes across the United Kingdom, including the 1974 Wales miners' strike. Borrowing from Lukes, <mask> identifies three analytical dimensions that are the proper study of social power. Each subsequent dimension is increasingly difficult to empirically observe using traditional political science methodologies, forcing Gaventa to synthesize various understandings of socialization into a cogent articulation of observable processes through which symbolic production is channeled within identifiable networks and communities. The "one-dimensional" approach involves direct empirical observations of openly contested public issues. It involves defining and framing these issues in terms of identifiable winners and losers, and reflects the traditional pluralist approach to the study of community power. The "second dimension" involves the addition of what Gaventa calls the "mobilization of bias", through which cultural hegemony is both asserted and legitimized. This happens through the control of the agenda setting thanks to prior rules.Empirically, <mask>'s contribution is to develop a method for examining the various channels through which those in power transform concerns, claims, and potential challenges about inequitable outcomes into "non-decisions". The "third dimension" therefore adds the capacity to influence expectations about social outcomes by manipulating symbols and ideology so that inequities themselves become "non-issues." <mask>'s articulation and empirical demonstration of the "three-dimensional" approach to the study of power has informed many disciplines and scholars about the nuances of social power and the processes of its
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legitimization, while also lending support to scholars and social change advocates who would find the sources and the solutions of social problems not in the dictates or preconceived notions held by social scientists, theologians, and philosophers, but in the narratives of the affected alienated populations. Citizen Action and National Policy Reform opens: "How can ordinary citizens - and the organizations and movements which they engage - make changes in national policies which affect their lives, and the lives of others around them?" This question, which is arguably the central question with which Gaventa is concerned, is answered through the theory <mask> employs. In <mask>'s theory, methodological subjectivity allows the framing of a social problem, and a social solution, to arise from within the group, thereby empowering and better enabling the group to take collective action in the face of authorities' power to frame issues as non-issues in the public's mind. Because <mask>'s work draws so heavily upon Luke's "three-face" conception of power, his work has been critiqued by other sociologists and scholars of power.Abraham argues that Michel Foucault's analysis of power identifies a "fourth face" by which power acts, which postulates that, "postulates that power itself produces subjects, their interests, their prospects for resistance, and what they consider truth." Abraham writes,"had <mask>uldian notion of power, then he would perhaps have found even more insights into power’s operations." Selected publications
<mask>'s publications include:
Power and Powerlessness: Quiescence and Rebellion in an Appalachian Valley, (1980)
We Make the Road by Walking: Conversations on Education and Social Change,
Communities in Economic Crisis: Appalachia and the South,
Global Citizen Action,
Awards and honors
<mask> was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2012 Birthday Honours for his services to Oxfam. References
1949 births
Living people
MacArthur Fellows
Academics of the University of Sussex
Officers of the Order of
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<mask> (born 1952) is an American jazz and orchestral bassist based in Brooklyn, New York. Since the 1970s, Filiano has played or recorded with Anthony Braxton, Fred Ho, Nels Cline, Bill Dixon, Fay Victor, and others. Filiano is on the teaching roster at the New School in New York. He teaches master classes in bass and improvisation and has a private studio in Brooklyn. Music career
Early life and education
<mask> was born in Patchogue, New York. He began playing trumpet as a child and continued to play the instrument while attending Syracuse University and studying with Rudolf Nashan. Nearing the end of his undergraduate work, Filiano decided to switch to bass and study with V. Stewart Wheeler.He received a Bachelor of Music in Double Bass from Syracuse University in 1978. Filiano did graduate work at the University of Southern California in the late 1980s before eventually receiving a Master of Music in Double Bass from Rutgers University in 1997. While at Rutgers, he studied with bassists Carolyn Davis, John Feeney, and Larry Ridley, as well as with Ted Dunbar, <mask>, Ralph Bowen, and Daniel Goode. Performing and recording
Filiano began his professional career in 1974, working across the Northeastern United States from his home base in Syracuse, New York. From 1975-76 he was the principal bassist in the Syracuse University Orchestra. As the decade began, Filiano lived in Boston. From 1980-83 he was a member of the Search quartet, performing and giving master classes sponsored by the Performing Artist Association of New England.In 1983, Filiano relocated to Los Angeles, California. He began to work as a freelance bassist in classical recording studios and on the jazz scene. He formed a relationship with
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multi-instrumentalist Vinny Golia, with whom he toured North America and Europe throughout the 1980s. Filiano made his jazz album debut in 1985, appearing on recordings by Golia and Arni Cheatham. In the second half of the decade, he recorded with Richard Grossman, Steve Adams and Kim Richmond. Filiano also performed in numerous classical concerts, both solo and in chamber ensembles, in the Los Angeles area, including performances of "'L'Histoire du Soldat' and the Dvorak Quintet, along with premieres of new works for contrabass by Yu-Chin Quo and <mask>. The 90s were a fertile recording period for Filiano, who appeared on more than 50 albums with Golia, Grossman, Adams, Tony Lujan, Anthony Coleman, Hafez Modirzadeh, Bill Perkins, Joelle Leandre and many others.Filiano performed around North America, Europe, and Japan, including at the Bergamo Jazz Festival (Italy), the Du Maurier Atlantic Jazz Festival (Canada), the Tampere International Jazz Festival (Finland), the Texaco New York Jazz Festival, and at the Blue Note in Fukuoka, Japan. He also performed classical and tango music, including touring Germany with the Giora Feidman Ensemble, performing duo concerts for cello and contrabass, playing with the New York/Buenos Aires Connection at the Hollywood Bowl, and premiering a solo bass work, 'Yauchzen', by composer Kitty Brazelton. As the 21st century began, Filiano increased his busy recording and touring schedule, appearing on more than 70 albums. In addition to his continuing relationships from the 90s, he added performances and recordings with Dom Minasi, Fred Hess, Roswell Rudd, Paul Smoker, Rodrigo Amado, Andrea Wolper, Jason Kao Hwang, Marco Cappelli, and many others. He continued to perform at many
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of the premier clubs and festivals around the world, including at the Knitting Factory, the Bell Atlantic Jazz Festival (New York), Merkin Concert Hall (New York), the JVC Jazz Festival (New York), the Jazz ao Centro Festival (Portugal), the Cape Verde International Jazz Festival, the Vancouver International Jazz Festival, and others. He played with several tango ensembles. His classical work included performances with the Manhattan Chamber Orchestra, the Princeton Chamber Orchestra, and the Sirius String Quartet.Filiano has appeared on more than a dozen recordings since the start of the new decade, including on trumpeter Bill Dixon’s final recording, 'Envoi', and on albums with Anthony Braxton, Connie Crothers, Taylor Ho Bynum, Nate Wooley and Anders Nilsson, among others. Filiano has performed at festivals and clubs around the world, including in the United States, Canada, Slovenia, Italy, Germany, France, and Russia. Teaching
Filiano has been teaching bass since 1980, both privately and at colleges and universities. He’s also taught at Mansfield University, Rutgers University, Hunter College and the University of Southern California. <mask>, Changeup (CIMP)
Jim McCauley, The Ultimate Frog (Drip Audio)
The Fred Hess Band, Single Moment (Alison)
Jessica Jones Qt., Word
Marco Cappelli, Italian Doc Remix (ITN)
Richard Thompson, Swing Low, Sweet Chariot
2007
ESATrio: Bill Gagliardi, <mask>, Lou Grassi, kenbillou (CIMP)
Fay Victor Quartet, Cartwheels Through the Cosmos
M. Marucci & D. Webb Trio feat. Festival 1996 (KFW)
Hafez Modirzadeh, The People's Blues (X DOT)
Paul Smoker/Vinny Golia Quartet, Halloween '96 (CIMP)
Steve Swell Quartet, Out and About (CIMP)
Live Knitting Factory Recording, What is
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<mask> (Punjabi and ; born 18 August 1952) is a Pakistani and former British politician who currently serves as the 33rd Governor of Punjab, in office since 5 September 2018. He is affiliated with the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) party and was a member of the Senate of Pakistan from March 2018 until September 2018. From 1997 to 2010 <mask> was a Member of Parliament in the United Kingdom, representing a constituency in Glasgow, Scotland. Born in Pirmahal, Punjab, <mask> moved to Scotland in 1976 and built up a chain of cash and carry stores. <mask> served as the Scottish Labour Member of Parliament for Glasgow Central from 1997 to 2010 and retired from UK politics in 2010. During his tenure at Westminster, <mask> served on the Scottish Affairs Select Committee, and his youngest son <mask> served as MP for the same constituency from 2010 to 2015. He was the country's first Muslim Member of Parliament.He relinquished UK citizenship in July 2013 and became Governor of the Punjab, representing the Pakistan Muslim League (N). He resigned from the position on 29 January 2015 after disagreeing with government foreign policy. He joined the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf party (PTI) on 10 February 2015. He was elected to the Senate of Pakistan in March 2018 and appointed Governor of Punjab on 8 August 2018. Early and family life
<mask> <mask> was born to a Punjabi Arain family in Sain De Khuie, a village near Lyallpur (now Faisalabad), Pakistan. The Arain tribe is ancient and traces its roots back to Arabian tribes who arrived in the Indian subcontinent in the year 711AD-712AD with the invading army of ‘Muhammad bin Qasim’ hence Arain people are offspring of Arab soldiers. In 1976 Sarwar moved to Scotland.That year he married Perveen <mask>, with whom he has three sons and one daughter. In 1982 <mask> and his brother founded United Wholesale Grocers, a wholesale cash and carry business. In 2002 the brothers split the business, with <mask> renaming his part as United
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Wholesale (Scotland) while his brother retained the previous name. His eldest son was accused of an £850,000 missing trader fraud in United Wholesale (Scotland) while he was managing director in 2003. In 2011 the Court of Criminal Appeal overturned his earlier conviction in 2007 for the fraud. <mask> was a remunerated director of the company, but never accused of involvement in the alleged fraud. British political career
<mask> first stood as a Labour councillor for Pollokshields East at the 1987 Glasgow City Council election, almost overturning a large Conservative majority.In the 1992 election he won the ward. <mask> was elected as MP for Glasgow Govan at the 1997 general election, becoming the first Muslim MP in the United Kingdom and the first Asian MP elected to represent a Scottish constituency. He was the first MP to swear the Oath of Allegiance on the Qur'an, using the method laid out by the Oaths Act 1978. <mask> was suspended from holding office within the Labour Party in 1997 when he was charged with electoral offences, but he was acquitted in 1999 and the suspension was lifted. He was re-elected in Glasgow Govan at the 2001 general election. The 2005 general election saw boundary changes in Scotland, so he stood at and won the new constituency of Glasgow Central. He faced an opponent from the far-right British National Party, with whom he refused to share a platform, and he persuaded other candidates to do the same.The returning officer announced the result from a platform with no candidates, and <mask> later made a speech from the floor of the hall. <mask> became a member of the Scottish Affairs Select Committee from 2004, and was Chairman since 2005. In August 2006, he was a signatory to an open letter to then-Prime Minister Tony Blair criticising UK foreign policy. <mask> played a crucial role in bringing to justice the killers of fifteen-year-old Glasgow schoolboy, Kriss Donald. The killers fled to Pakistan, which has no extradition treaty
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with the UK. Through his political connections, <mask> was able to agree a one-off, no conditions attached, extradition treaty. They then faced trial and were convicted for the murder.On 21 June 2007, <mask> announced he would not stand for re-election at the 2010 general election. His son, Anas <mask>, succeeded him as Labour MP for the Glasgow Central seat until the election of 2015 when it was taken by Alison Thewliss for the SNP. In November 2008, <mask> was one of 18 MPs who signed a Commons motion backing a Team GB football team at the 2012 Olympic Games, saying football "should not be any different from other competing sports and our young talent should be allowed to show their skills on the world stage". The football governing bodies of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are all opposed to a Great Britain team, fearing it would stop them competing as individual nations in future tournaments. His nomination by outgoing Prime Minister, Gordon Brown for a life peerage in the 2010 Dissolution Honours was blocked by the House of Lords Appointments Commission on the advice of HM Revenue and Customs. Pakistani political career
He played an important role in campaigning and fundraising in Britain for the centre-right conservative party Pakistan Muslim League (N) during the 2013 General election in Pakistan. Soon after Pakistan Muslim League (N) chief Nawaz Sharif was sworn in as prime minister, he showed his intentions for becoming governor of Pakistan's most populous province Punjab.On 5 August 2013, he was sworn in as the 31st Governor of Punjab. As governor he criticised the government on a number of occasions. He fought the case of overseas Pakistanis whose houses and flats were confiscated by the land mafia in Pakistan but unable to redress their grievances successfully. On the occasion of Barack Obama's visit to India, he termed it as a failure of the government of Nawaz Sharif. These anti-government remarks led to his resignation. He resigned as
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governor of Punjab on 29 January 2015. On 8 February 2015, <mask> joined Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI).On 3 March 2018, <mask> was elected to the Senate of Pakistan on a general seat from Punjab after receiving 44 first priority and two second priority votes in the senate elections of that year. On 5 September 2018 <mask> took oath as 33rd Governor of Punjab. <mask> established the charity Sarwar Foundation in 2000. Its focus is on provision of healthcare, clean water, education and women empowerment within Pakistan. In May 2021, shortly before the 2021 Scottish Parliament election, Scottish Pakistani voters received WhatsApp messages urging them to vote for Scottish Labour, whose leader is <mask>'s son, Anas <mask>. The message read: "Warm greetings to you and your family. As all of you know that 6th of May is the Scottish Parliament election where Anas <mask> is leading the Scottish Labour Party.For progress and unity, I request you to vote for Scottish Labour on BOTH BALLOTS. And as always thank you for your support. <mask>, Ex-MP Glasgow Central." A Labour source told The National newspaper that <mask> had messaged people personally on WhatsApp and that this may have been forwarded on by other people, but it was not part of an official campaign. Personal life
<mask> is a supporter of Glasgow football teams Celtic and Rangers. Notes
References
External links
<mask>war TheyWorkForYou.com
MP to quit over race case death threats The Guardian, 22 June 2007
1952 births
Living people
Scottish Labour MPs
British politicians of Pakistani descent
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Glasgow constituencies
UK MPs 1997–2001
UK MPs 2001–2005
UK MPs 2005–2010
Pakistani emigrants to Scotland
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
People from Faisalabad
Governors of Punjab, Pakistan
Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf politicians
Pakistan Muslim League (N) politicians
Scottish emigrants to Pakistan
Scottish people of Punjabi descent
Scottish
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<mask> (known as J. S<mask>, Tamil: ஜெயப்பிரகாஷ் சிற்றம்பலம் திசைநாயகம்) is a Sri Lankan journalist. He was detained by the Terrorism Investigation Division of the Sri Lanka Police on 7 March 2008. He was held without charge for almost 6 months. He was indicted on politically motivated charges under the draconian Prevention of Terrorism Act for intending to incite communal hatred through writing, and furthering terrorist acts through the collection of money for his publication. On 31 August 2009 he was convicted of the charges by the Colombo High Court and sentenced to 20 years of rigorous imprisonment. After an international outcry where US President Barack Obama called him one of the "emblematic examples" of journalist being harassed around the world <mask> was pardoned by Sri Lankan President Mahinda Rajapaksa on 3 May 2010, World Press Freedom Day. Career
J. S<mask> has been a journalist for over 20 years.He worked for The Sunday Leader and the Sunday Times as well as many other newspapers before founding the North Eastern Herald. He was also a columnist for the Sunday Times. 2008 arrest and trial
<mask> was detained on 7 March 2008 by the Terrorism Investigation Division (TID) of the Sri Lanka Police. He was charged with intending to incite communal through writing, and furthering terrorists act through the collection of money for his magazine. Reporters Without Borders said that the magazine was actually funded by a German aid project. The magazine has since been closed down. During his trial, Tissanayagam claimed that he was harassed and threatened by the TID while under detention.He has also filed a Fundamental rights petition with the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka. The TID produced a confession signed by Tissanayagam as evidence against him. Tissanayagam claimed it was dictated to him, and he was pressured to write it. The only other pieces of evidence that the Government presented against <mask> was two paragraphs he had written;
"1. In a July 2006 editorial, under the headline, "Providing security to Tamils now will define northeastern politics of the future," <mask> wrote: "It is fairly obvious that the government is not
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going to offer them any protection. In fact it is the state security forces that are the main perpetrator of the killings." 2.A part of a November 2006 article on the military offensive in Vaharai, in the east, which said, "Such offensives against the civilians are accompanied by attempts to starve the population by refusing them food as well as medicines and fuel, with the hope of driving out the people of Vaharai and depopulating it. As this story is being written, Vaharai is being subject to intense shelling and aerial bombardment." On 31 August 2009, the High Court in Sri Lanka sentenced Tissainayagam to a total of 20 years rigorous imprisonment, for arousing "communal feelings" by writing and publishing articles that criticised the government's treatment of Sri Lankan Tamil civilians affected by the war, and for raising money to fund the magazine in which the articles were published in furtherance of terrorism. Reaction
In a statement to mark the World Press Freedom Day, US President Barack Obama said Tissainayagam and other journalists like him were "guilty of nothing more than a passion for truth and a tenacious belief that a free society depends on an informed citizenry." President Obama said : "In every corner of the globe, there are journalists in jail or being actively harassed … Emblematic examples of this distressing reality are figures like J.S<mask> in Sri Lanka, or <mask> and <mask>a in China." Amnesty International criticised the action taken upon J.S.Tissainayagam and expressed deep concerns for the journalist, naming him a prisoner of conscience. Bob Dietz, CPJ Asia Program Coordinator says "We condemn <mask>. Tissainayagam's long detention and harsh charges for publishing a magazine, which should not constitute an offence. This is the latest step by the Sri Lankan government to intimidate journalists who write about security issues." During his detention without charge, among the people who expressed concern and opposition to this, were Sri Lankan religious leaders such as Colombo's Anglican Bishop Reverend Duleep De Chickera and the Sinhala Buddhist monk Ven <mask> Thera. The Sri Lankan government defended his
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trial and conviction, with President Mahinda Rajapakse, saying the verdict was handed out by an independent judge and that the government can not interfere with the courts and that "attempts now being made to pooh-pooh the charges in the indictment filed against Tissanayagam, rather than seen as any part of a vibrant campaign for media freedom, can be seen as an attempt at interfering with the judiciary and judicial process of (Sri Lanka)". However international Governments and press freedom groups both in and out of Sri Lanka condemned the ruling.The Asian Human Rights Commission likened the trial to the "show trials" of the Stalinist era. Pardon
On 3 May 2010 the Sri Lankan government announced that <mask> would be pardoned by President Rajapaksa to mark the 2010 World Press Freedom Day. Awards
<mask> has been named the first winner of the Peter Mackler Award for Courageous and Ethical Journalism. "We are happy to reward J.S. Tissainayagam in 2009, a terrible year for Sri Lanka," said <mask> <mask>, secretary-general of the Paris-based press rights group Reporters Without Borders (RSF). "J.S<mask> is one of those and should never have been imprisoned," he said."Sri Lankans have the right to be informed about what is happening on their island.They have the right to read words written by men like J. S<mask>." <mask> also won the Committee to Protect Journalists' International Press Freedom Award in 2009, but could not go to receive it due to his imprisonment. In 2010, he was named Foreign Journalist of the Year at the British Press Awards. In 2011, he was honoured with an Oxfam Novib/PEN Award. See also
Lasantha Wickrematunge
Black July
Sri Lankan Civil War
References
External links
Amnesty International
International Press Freedom Groups Call for Justice for Jailed Sri Lankan Journalist – RSF
PEN American Center appeal
Living people
Sri Lankan prisoners and detainees
Prisoners and detainees of Sri Lanka
Sri Lankan Tamil journalists
Amnesty International prisoners of conscience held by Sri Lanka
Oxfam Novib/PEN Award winners
Recipients of Sri Lankan presidential pardons
Imprisoned journalists
Year of birth missing (living
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<mask> (25 September 1901 – 7 November 1968) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Collingwood Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL). Accorded "Legend" status in the Australian Football Hall of Fame, <mask> was the first player to play 300 VFL games, the first to kick 100 goals in a VFL season, the only player ever to head the league's goal-kicking list in five consecutive seasons, and the first player to kick 1000 VFL goals, with his career total of 1299 VFL goals serving as a VFL/AFL competition record for over 60 seasons. "He is often considered by fans and journalists to be amongst the greatest forward-line players of all time." — AFL Legends.com. Education
<mask> and his brothers and sisters attended the Nillumbik State School (No.1003), at Diamond Creek. While still at school, he began working on his father's fruit orchard. Footballer
Although a very reliable right-foot kick, he was equally able to use his left foot accurately and effectively when needed — see, for example, his left-foot goal, under pressure, for Victoria, at the Sydney Cricket Ground, in the 7 August 1933 match against South Australia at the 1933 ANFC Carnival in Sydney in the recently recovered newsreel footage of the match.The "broad-backed and sticky-fingered" <mask> did not possess the phenomenal skills of his predecessor at Collingwood, Dick Lee, or the aerial prowess of his successor, Ron Todd, but relied on tremendous strength and a vice-like grip when marking the ball, a combination that made him almost unstoppable once he had front position. "Once [<mask> "Nuts"] <mask> gets in front it seems that no defender can get round him.His bulky body and his awkward gait seem to brook no interruption, and he never seems to
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drop a mark." Diamond Creek (HDFL)
<mask> played his early football for Diamond Creek Football Club in the new Heidelberg District Football League (HDFL) (a competition which began after World War I), and had quickly established himself as a champion centre half-forward. In 1920, <mask> was invited to train at Collingwood. The three significant officials involved with that invitation, who were anticipating Collingwood's need to find a suitable replacement for the at-the-time injured Dick Lee, who was nearing the end of his career, were Ernest William Copeland (1868–1947), John James "Jack" Joyce (1860–1945), and John James "Jack" Peppard (1878–1940). Although Dick Lee had played in Collingwood's first eight matches in the 1920 season, he had only scored 17 goals; and, also, due to an injury sustained in the 26 June 1920 match against South Melbourne, he missed the next seven matches, returning in the season's last home-and-away match on 4 September 1920 — in the interim, Collingwood tried various permutations of forward lines to cover for the loss of Lee, centred on the selection of Ern Utting (five matches), Tom Wraith (one match), and Tom Drummond (one match), at full-forward over that time. Collingwood (VFL)
Debut
<mask> Coventry played his first senior game for Collingwood at the age of 18 against St Kilda on 14 August 1920.He played on the half-forward flank, kicked one goal, and although "not particularly impressive … [he] showed that he can kick well". As one of Collingwood's four inexperienced players given a run that day (the others were Les Lobb, Len Ludbrooke, and Roy Outram), <mask> played his second match, again on the half-forward flank, which was also Dick Lee's return match, in the last home-and-away round of the
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season, against South Melbourne, on 4 September 1920. Then, just 18, and in his third match, <mask> played at centre half-forward in the Collingwood team (with Dick Lee at full-forward) that beat Fitzroy 4.17 (41) to 3.5 (23), at a muddy, rain-sodden MCG, in the 1920 Semi-Final on 11 September 1920. And then, once more at centre half-forward (with Harry Curtis replacing the injured Lee at full-forward), in the Collingwood team that beat Carlton 12.11 (83) to 8.11 (59) in the 1920 Preliminary Final on 25 September 1920, his nineteenth birthday. Then he played at centre half-forward, in the team (with Curtis at full-forward) that lost to Richmond 7.10 (52) to 5.5 (35) in the 1920 Grand Final on 2 October 1920 (<mask> kicked 3 goals). Half-forward flanker
In 1921, his second VFL season, he was selected in a representative VFL side to play against a combined Bendigo team on 6 August 1921, but did not play (due to influenza). He was unable to play in the last home-and-away rounds of the 1921 season due to his illness, although he was able to resume training.Unexpectedly, he was selected as a last minute replacement for Mal Seddon, who had declared himself unfit to play on the morning of the match, as a consequence of the injury to his thigh that he had sustained at the preceding Tuesday's training session in a collision with Percy Rowe. <mask> played at centre half-forward (kicking 3 goals) in the team that lost to Carlton 9.11 (65) to 7.10 (52) in the 1921 Semi-Final on 1 October 1921. He played the entire 1922 season playing on one half-forward flank, scoring 42 goals, with his brother, Syd, playing on the other. Full-Forward
In 1923, with Dick Lee having retired at the end of the 1922 season, <mask> (by this stage a 34-game veteran)
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moved to full-forward, and was the club's leading goal-kicker that season, with 36 goals. He soon became one of the league's most prolific an consistent goal-kickers. He was Collingwood's best and fairest player in 1933. He was Collingwood's leading goal-kicker for 16 consecutive years, and the league's leading goal-kicker on six occasions (five of which were in consecutive years, 1927–1931).He kicked Collingwod's only two goals in the lowest-scores-ever VFL Grand Final in 1927, with Collingwood, in atrocious conditions, defeating Richmond 2.13 (25) to 1.7 (13). He was the first player to kick 100 goals in a VFL season (which he did in 1929, 1930, 1933, and 1934), kicked a total of 1299 goals in VFL football, and 100 goals in VFL representative teams. His tallies included:
9 goals in a Grand Final: against Richmond, in the Grand Final, on 29 September 1928. An unbeaten Grand Final record, only equalled on one occasion: by Gary Ablett Sr., against Hawthorn, in the Grand Final, on 30 September 1989. 10 goals in a match: against North Melbourne on 24 August 1929, and against Melbourne on 2 September 1933. 11 goals in a match: against Footscray on 19 June 1926, against Fitzroy on 28 May 1927, against St Kilda on 11 June 1927, against South Melbourne on 11 May 1929, and against St Kilda on 5 September 1931. 14 goals in a match: against Hawthorn on 18 August 1934.15 goals in a match: against Essendon on 8 July 1933. 16 goals in a match: against Hawthorn on 27 July 1929. This broke the previous league record of 14 goals, set by South Melbourne's Harold Robertson ten years earlier in the match against St Kilda on 26 July 1919. 17 goals in a match: against Fitzroy on 19 July 1930. A league record at the time, <mask>'s record score of 17
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goals in a single match — 17.4 (106) — has only ever been broken once, by Melbourne's Fred Fanning, who kicked 18.1 (109) in his last-ever VFL match against St Kilda on 30 August 1947; and, also, has only ever been equalled once, by Hawthorn's Jason Dunstall, who kicked 17.5 (107) against Richmond on 2 May 1992. 97 goals in a season: 1927. 105 goals in a season: 1934.108 goals in a season: 1933. 118 goals in a season: 1930. 124 goals in a season: 1929. 1929 was the first time that any VFL player had scored 100 goals or more in a single season. Finals
<mask> played in 31 finals matches in his 18-year career — including the drawn Semi-Final match against Melbourne on 15 September 1928 (the first drawn finals match in VFL history), and 10 Grand Finals, five of which were won by Collingwood (1927-1930, and 1935). In the 1928 VFL Grand Final he kicked a league record 9 goals, in a match in which Collingwood beat Richmond 13.18 (96) to 9.9 (63), perhaps due to Collingwood's drawn Semi-Final with Malbourne, and the consequent full replay the following week, which meant that Richmond had a two-week break, rather than the originally scheduled one week. VFL Tribunal
<mask> missed Collingwood's 1936 VFL Grand Final victory due to disqualification.It was the only time he had been reported in his entire VFL career. He was found guilty of striking Richmond defender Joe Murdoch in the torrid match against Richmond on 1 August 1936. <mask> had a crop of painful boils on his neck; and, when Murdoch repeatedly struck his neck, Coventry retaliated. <mask> was suspended for eight matches, and Murdoch for four; and an appeal, by <mask>, against the severity of the penalty was unsuccessful. At the time, <mask> announced that he was retiring from VFL
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football. He later relented; and, having served the eighth and last match of his suspension in the first week of the 1937 season, he played in 19 matches, and kicked 72 goals in 1937, his final VFL season. Life member
<mask> was made a Life Member of the Collingwood Football Club in 1932.Records
<mask> retired after the 1937 season, the first player to play 300 VFL/AFL games, winning his sixth league leading goal-kicker award, and his 16th consecutive club leading goal-kicker award. <mask> also represented Victoria on 25 occasions for a total of 100 goals. He was the first player to kick 100 goals in a VFL season (which he did in 1929, 1930, 1933, and 1934), and he kicked a total of 1299 goals in VFL football: a record that stood for more than six decades until it was broken by Sydney Swans player Tony Lockett in the match against <mask>'s former club, Collingwood, on 6 June 1999. VAFA coach
After leaving Collingwood, <mask> coached Collegians in the VAFA for a number of years. Death
<mask> died on 7 November 1968 (of heart disease) at his property in Diamond Creek, survived by his wife and four children. Legacy
In 2009, The Australian nominated <mask> as one of the 25 greatest footballers never to win a Brownlow Medal. In 1996, <mask> was an inaugural inductee of the Australian Football Hall of Fame and was elevated to "Legend" status (as the fourteenth "Legend") two years later.In 1998, he was named at full-forward in Collingwood's "Team of the Century". On 24 November 1999, he was inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame. Family
The eighth of the ten children of <mask> (1862–1948) and Jane Henrietta <mask> (1863–1940), née Spencer, <mask> <mask>—known as "Nuts" to his family (said, by some, due to his having a
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disproportionately large head as a child)—was born on 25 September 1901 at Diamond Creek, Victoria. Marriage
He married Christabel Violet Lawrey (1902–1991) on 28 February 1925. They had four children: two sons, <mask> (b.1925) and Graham (b.1945), and two daughters, Betty Lois (b.1928), later Mrs. Alexander David Denney, and Margaret Shirley (1930–2006), later Mrs. Charles James Banks. Brothers
Jack, Oak, and Thomas
Three of his brothers served in the First AIF: John Thomas "Jack" <mask> (1893–1950), Hugh Norman "Oak" <mask> (1895–1916), who was (posthumously) mentioned in dispatches for "gallant devotion to duty as volunteer stretcher bearer, carrying the wounded" on 9 August 1916, and had been killed in action while serving with the First AIF in Pozieres, and <mask> (1897–1970), who was wounded in the arm and foot in action in France in 1916. Syd
Another older brother, Sydney Andrew <mask> (1899–1976), also played for Collingwood at the same time as <mask>.While working as a miner at Queenstown, Tasmania, and playing football for the Miners' Football Team (as its captain), in Gormanston, Tasmania, in 1920, Syd was approached by St Kilda and invited to play for them in 1921. Syd moved to Victoria, and influenced by <mask>, began training with Collingwood (rather than St Kilda) in the 1921 pre-season; however, in May 1921, "an application by S.A<mask> for transfer from Miners' (Tasmania) to Collingwood was refused [by the Victorian Football League Permit Committee]". Having served 12 months out of football, Syd was cleared "from Tasmania to Collingwood" on 26 April 1922. He went on play in 227 VFL games for Collingwood (1922–1934) and 27 representative games for the VFL (1922–1934), captain Collingwood for 144 games (1927–1934),
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win the Brownlow Medal in 1927, and serve for three years as the non-playing coach of Footscray (1935–1937) before returning to Collingwood as an administrator, serving as its vice-president for 11 years (1939–1949), its president for 13 years (1950–1962), and its patron from 1963 until his death in 1976. Remembrance
The <mask> Trophy is awarded to Collingwood's leading goalkicker each year. The southern end of the Docklands Stadium is named the "Coventry end". When the Southern Stand at the MCG was built, a gate/entrance was jointly named after <mask> and brother Syd.See also
List of Australian rules football families
1927 Melbourne Carnival
Collingwood Team of the Century
Footnotes
References
General
</ref>
de Lacy, H.A., "Coventrys Tell of Premiership Battles", The Sporting Globe, (Saturday, 24 September 1938), p.5. de Lacy, H.A., "<mask> and . . . Brother Syd", The Sporting Globe, (Saturday, 5 July 1941), p.6. Rohan, J.M., "Greatest Goal-kicker of All Time", The Sporting Globe, (Saturday, 9 April 1938), p.8. Ross, J. (ed), 100 Years of Australian Football 1897–1996: The Complete Story of the AFL, All the Big Stories, All the Great Pictures, All the Champions, Every AFL Season Reported, Viking, (Ringwood), 1996.Trembath, Richard, "<mask>, <mask> (1901–1968)", in Cunneen, C. (ed. ), Australian Dictionary of Biography: Supplement 1580—1980, with a name index to the Australian Dictionary of Biography to 1980, Melbourne University Press, (Carlton), 2005. "<mask>: as told to J.M. Rohan"
<mask>, Champion Goalkicker, tells when his Knees Knocked with Stage Fright!, The Sporting Globe, (Saturday, 16 April 1938), p.8. <mask> tells when he Scored Five Goals and Lost Five Teeth, The Sporting Globe, (Saturday, 23 April 1938), p.8.
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Backs That Bumped, The Sporting Globe, (Saturday, 30 April 1938), p.8.<mask> Names Jimmy Freake as the Greatest Forward, The Sporting Globe, (Saturday, 7 May 1938), p.8. <mask> Discloses Secret of Collingwood's Success, The Sporting Globe, (Saturday, 14 May 1938), p.8. <mask> Declares Gorringe was Best of Those Bust Rovers, The Sporting Globe, (Saturday, 21 May 1938), p.8. <mask> on Ruck Combinations, The Sporting Globe, (Saturday, 28 May 1938), p.8. <mask>'s Memoirs: Those Dear Old Boots of Mine, The Sporting Globe, (Saturday, 4 June 1938), p.5. <mask>'s Memoirs: A Game of Hard Bumps, The Sporting Globe, (Saturday, 11 June 1938), p.5. <mask> Discusses Great Centre Line Men, The Sporting Globe, (Saturday, 18 June 1938), p.5.<mask> Names Champion of His Time: Why Bunton is not Named in First Six Players, The Sporting Globe, (Saturday, 25 June 1938), p.5. <mask> tells how One Man Won a Premiership, The Sporting Globe, (Saturday, 2 July 1938), p.5. <mask> Discusses Star Half-Forwards, The Sporting Globe, (Saturday, 9 July 1938), p.5. <mask> tells of the Greatest Flare-Up Ever Seen, The Sporting Globe, (Saturday, 16 July 1938), p.5. (Wednesday is the clearer copy)
<mask> tells of Happy Days at Collingwood, The Sporting Globe, (Saturday, 23 July 1938), p.5. External links
<mask>, at Boyles Football Photos. <mask>, at Collingwood Forever."10 things you might not know about <mask>", at Collingwood Forever. Collingwood Football Club players
Collingwood Football Club Premiership players
1901 births
1968 deaths
Sportspeople from Melbourne
Australian Football Hall of Fame inductees
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
VFL Leading Goalkicker Medal winners
Copeland Trophy winners
Five-time VFL/AFL Premiership
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<mask> (born March 31, 1957) is a Canadian politician, who was elected as a BC Liberal Member of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia in the 2009 provincial election, and represented the riding of Peace River North. He has lived in Fort St. John, British Columbia and has a business background working at an instrumentation company that specializes in the oil and gas sector. He spent 12 years on the Fort St. John city council before his election to the Legislative Assembly. In the 39th Parliament of BC <mask> served on several committees and first became involved with the Executive Council in October 2010 when former B.C. Premier Gordon Campbell appointed <mask> as the Parliamentary Secretary for the Natural Gas Initiative under the Ministry of Energy. When Christy Clark became Premier of British Columbia in March 2011, she retained <mask> at the same position. <mask> was re-elected to his Peace River North riding in the 2013 provincial election and was appointed Minister of Agriculture on June 10, 2013, by Premier Clark.He previously served as Parliamentary Secretary for the Northeast and has served as chair of the Northern Caucus and two Select Standing Committees: Aboriginal Affairs and Finance and Government Services. <mask> has also served as a member of Treasury Board. A lifelong resident of the Peace River region, he served 12 years as councillor for the City of Fort St. John from 1993 to 2005. With 25 years experience in the oil and gas industry, he was co-chair of the BC Oil
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and Gas Conference in 2002 and 2005, bringing together industry stakeholders to identify further strategies and opportunities for economic development in British Columbia's northeast region. He has also served on a variety of other local community boards and committees. Background
<mask> was born and raised in Fort St. John. He married at the age of 21 and raised two daughters.In 2005 he remarried to another woman, Jody, who had two grown sons. He established a career at an instrumentation business, Alpha Controls Ltd., specializing in the oil and gas sector. He enjoys curling and golf and has been a volunteer coach for youth baseball and hockey. He spent 12 years on the Fort St. John city council, from 1993 to 2005. While on council he advocated for the regionalization of services and the creation of a regional municipality. During a 2001 municipal referendum concerning a Fort St. John boundary expansion around a proposed manufacturing plant (oriented strand board), <mask> threatened to resign his council seat if the referendum failed. While on council <mask> worked with the province and other municipalities in establishing the Fairshare grant program which redirected some oil and gas revenue to local governments in northeastern BC for use on infrastructure projects.He also supported the BC Lottery Corporation locating a gaming centre (bingo, off-track betting, slots and other electronic games) in Fort St. John. Provincial politics
The appointment of MLA Richard Neufeld to the federal
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Senate of Canada in December 2008 by Prime Minister Stephen Harper created an opening in the BC provincial Peace River North riding. Such an opening was rare as Neufeld had represented the riding since 1991 and by Tony Brummet for the 12 years prior to Neufeld. There were five candidates in the race for the BC Liberal Party nomination: Chetwynd mayor Evan Saugstad, Fort St. John councillors Lori Ackerman and Dan Davies, School District trustee Linda Sewell, and <mask>. With 1,200 BC Liberal members eligible to vote, <mask> won in the third round of preferential voting in March. He was soon thrust into the provincial election where he faced Fort Nelson town councilor and NDP candidate Jackie Allen, former chief of the Fort Nelson First Nation and Green Party candidate Liz Logan, and others. <mask> oriented his campaign around economic issues stating "The economy is the number one issue and everything else falls around the economy.You have to have a strong economy to have good health care, good education...." <mask> won the Peace River North riding with 43% of the vote and his party formed a majority government. As the 39th Parliament of British Columbia began, <mask> was not selected for the Executive Council by Premier Gordon Campbell. In the first two sessions <mask> was assigned to three parliamentary committees: the Select Standing Committee on Crown Corporations (which did not meet), the Select Standing Committee on Parliamentary Reform, Ethical Conduct, Standing Orders and Private
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Bills (which met once), and the Select Standing Committee on Legislative Initiatives (which only met in September 2010 to deal with a petition against Harmonized Sales Tax). Once the Harmonized Sales Tax was introduced, <mask> became very supportive of it, arguing that it would make BC business more competitive with Alberta, and stating, "I personally think it's probably the strongest single thing for the economy of our area and the province in general." <mask> lobbied on behalf of the Peace River North to secure infrastructure grants for road construction and paving, recreation centre upgrades, and Fort St. John sewerage expansion. <mask> made headlines across the province in November 2009 when he criticized the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms during a speech in the Legislature. He questioned "who needs that Charter of Rights?"and stated "I just don’t think it’s a good document whatsoever myself." He called for a "Bill of Responsibilities" to be established. In 2010, as the petition to repeal the HST was very successful in his riding, <mask> became one of 24 MLAs targeted for recall by Bill Vander Zalm's FightHST group. However, several months later, his name was removed from the list as the group prioritized candidates for recall campaigns. In October, during Campbell's final cabinet shuffle before resigning, the post of Parliamentary Secretary for the Natural Gas Initiative was created for <mask> under the Ministry of Energy. In January 2011, with community opposition to a
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transfer move Oil and Gas Commission engineering jobs, from Fort St. John to Kelowna, <mask> intervened by arranging a public meeting with the Minister of Natural Resource Operations Steve Thomson, the CEO of the commission, as well as industry and public representatives, which resulted in several positions staying in Fort St. John. During the BC Liberal Party leadership electionto replace Campbell, <mask> endorsed Kevin Falcon in mid-December citing Falcon's performance as Minister of Transportation where he directed significant funding to improving oil and gas resource roads and the Alaska Highway.In March 2011, after Christy Clark won the leadership election and was named Premier, she kept <mask> as Parliamentary Secretary for Natural Gas to the Minister of Energy and Mines. On June 27, 2011, he resigned from his Parliamentary Secretary position and from the BC Liberal caucus following a domestic dispute involving his wife which resulted in the RCMP detaining him overnight. A special prosecutor was assigned to his case given his status as an elected official. On July 13, the special prosecutor announced they would not be pressing charges and the BC Liberal caucus allowed <mask> to re-join. <mask> returned to his role as Parliamentary Secretary for Natural Gas and spent the summer consulting with stakeholders for what would become BC's Natural Gas Strategy and BC's Liquefied Natural Gas Strategy. In September 2012, he was made deputy whip, replacing Eric Foster who became whip. In April
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2013 at an all-candidates forum in Fort Nelson <mask> suggested that "grief" in the classroom caused by special needs children has caused public school enrolment to decline.He was quoted as saying "It's causing the teachers extra time and trouble and it's certainly, I think, is causing some students to move into other areas in the private sector as well,"
In November 2015, <mask> stated he would not run for reelection in the coming provincial election in 2017. On August 15, 2016, <mask> left his caucus and became an independent following his arrest. A special prosecutor has been appointed to the case to avoid a conflict of interest. An assault charge against B.C. MLA <mask> has been stayed following his appearance Monday in a Dawson Creek courtroom. <mask> agreed to be bound by a peace bond for eight months, said Daniel McLaughlin, communications counsel for the Criminal Justice Branch. Electoral history
|-
|Independent
|Arthur Hadland
|align="right"|2,899
|align="right"|31.33
|align="right"|n/a
|align="right"|$17,962
|New Democrat
|Jackie Allen
|align="right"|1,293
|align="right"|13.98
|align="right"|n/a
|align="right"|$17,855
|- style="background:white;"
!style="text-align:right;" colspan="3"|Total Valid Votes
!align="right"|9,252
!align="right"|100.00
|- style="background:white;"
! style="text-align:right;" colspan="3"|Total Rejected Ballots
!align="right"|52
!align="right"|0.6%
|- style="background:white;"
! style="text-align:right;"
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colspan="3"|Turnout
!align="right"|9,304
!align="right"|40%
|}
References
External links
British Columbia Liberal Party - <mask> (Peace River North)
Legislative Assembly of British Columbia - <mask>
British Columbia Liberal Party MLAs
Living people
British Columbia municipal councillors
Members of the Executive Council of British Columbia
People from Fort St. John, British Columbia
1957 births
21st-century Canadian
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<mask> (2 September 1934 – 29 November 2006) was a British author of books about stopping smoking and other psychological dependencies including alcohol addiction. Biography
Born in Putney, London, <mask> started smoking cigarettes while doing National Service aged 18. He qualified as an accountant in 1958. <mask> finally stopped smoking on 15 July 1983, aged 48, after a visit to a hypnotherapist. However, it wasn't the hypnotherapy itself that enabled him to stop – "I succeeded in spite of and not because of that visit" and "I lit up the moment I left the clinic and made my way home...". There were two key pieces of information that enabled <mask> to stop later that day. First, the hypnotherapist told him smoking was "just nicotine addiction", which <mask> had never perceived before that moment, i.e.that he was an addict. Second, his son John lent him a medical handbook which explained that the physical withdrawal from nicotine is just like an "empty, insecure feeling". He claims that these two realisations crystallised in his mind just how easy it was to stop and so then enabled him to follow an overwhelming desire to explain his method to as many smokers as possible. Philosophy
<mask> teaches that smokers do not receive a boost from smoking a cigarette, and that smoking only relieves the withdrawal symptoms from the previous cigarette, which in turn creates more withdrawal symptoms once it is finished. In this way the drug addiction perpetuates itself. He asserted that the "relief" smokers feel on lighting a cigarette, the feeling of being "back to normal", is the feeling experienced by non-smokers all the time. So that smokers, when they light a cigarette are really trying to achieve a state that non-smokers enjoy their whole lives.He further asserted that withdrawal symptoms are actually created by doubt and fear in the mind of the ex-smoker, and therefore that stopping smoking is not
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as traumatic as is commonly assumed, if that doubt and fear can be removed. At Allen Carr Clinics during stop-smoking sessions, smokers are allowed to continue smoking while their doubts and fears are removed, with the aim of encouraging and developing the mindset of a non-smoker before the final cigarette is extinguished. A further reason for allowing smokers to smoke while undergoing counselling is <mask>'s belief that it is more difficult to convince a smoker to stop until they understand the mechanism of "the nicotine trap". This is because their attention is diminished while they continue to believe it is traumatic and extremely difficult to quit and continue to maintain the belief that they are dependent on nicotine. Another assertion unique to <mask>'s method is that willpower is not required to stop smoking. His contention was that fear of "giving up" is what causes the majority of smokers to continue smoking, thereby necessitating the smoker's perpetuation of the illusion of genuine enjoyment as a moral justification of the inherent absurdity of smoking in the face of overwhelming medical and scientific evidence of its dangers. Instead, he encourages smokers to think of the act of quitting, not as giving up, but as "escaping".Easyway
<mask> left his accountancy job in 1983 and set up his first Easyway clinic. (He actually stopped smoking and modelled his program from a program called the Living Free Program for Smokers which was given by InControl International Inc. in hospitals across the U.S.) He wrote ten books which appeared as bestsellers on selected book ranking charts including his first book The Easy Way to Stop Smoking (1985). The success of the original London clinic, through word-of-mouth and direct recommendation, has led to a worldwide network of 100 Easyway clinics in 35 countries plus the production of audio CDs and DVDs. <mask>'s Easyway is clinically proven
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through two randomised controlled trials. In 2020 a UK randomised clinical trial found <mask>'s Easyway as good as, if not better than, the Gold Standard NHS Programme which uses NRT & 1-1 psychological support and in 2018 an Irish trial found that <mask>’s Easyway was almost twice as effective as other smoking cessation methods available on Health Service. Based on their full money-back guarantee (which requires two follow-up sessions without reimbursement of travel), Carr's clinics claim 90% success rate in aiding smokers to stop for three months, and 51% success rate in helping smokers stop for 12 months based on an independent study not connected with any health organisation. Celebrity endorsements include Richard Branson, Anthony Hopkins, Ashton Kutcher, Ellen DeGeneres, Nikki Glaser, Chrissie Hynde, Michael McIntyre, Pink, Jason Mraz, Charlotte Church and Hrithik Roshan which aids the organisation's efforts to expand commercially.<mask>'s Clinics are run by therapists/facilitators who were once smokers and have used <mask>'s method to stop smoking. All therapists/facilitators are members of an association created by <mask>'s Easyway organisation, Members of the Association of Allen Carr Therapists International (MAACTI), and membership indicates that the therapist/facilitator has completed the rigorous recruitment, and the comprehensive training & development process required before anyone can practise as an <mask>'s Easyway therapist/facilitator. They can only do so under license with <mask>'s Easyway (International) Ltd or Allen Carr's Easyway (US) Ltd. .
<mask> also wrote a number of other how-to books on subjects such as losing weight , stopping alcohol consumption, & fear of flying, and along with his close friends, protégés, & co-authors Robin Hayley (Chairman, Allen <mask>'s Easyway) & John C. Dicey (Global CEO & Senior <mask>'s Easyway Therapist) wrote books dealing with
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gambling, debt/junk-spending, sugar addiction, emotional eating, mindfulness, tech/smart phone addiction, caffeine addiction, vaping/JUUL with Online Video Programmes handling smoking, vaping/JUUL, alcohol, cocaine, cannabis, sugar & carb addiction, emotional eating, gambling, caffeine addiction, debt/junk-spending, fear of flying, & mindfulness. In 2020 it was estimated that <mask>'s Easyway method had helped more than 50 million people worldwide. In 2021, <mask>'s Easyway assisted the World Health Organisation's year-long global campaign for World No Tobacco Day 2021. Personal life
In late July 2006, it was revealed that he had been diagnosed with lung cancer at the age of 71. The following month he revealed that it was terminal and his life expectancy was about nine months.<mask> said: "Since I smoked my final cigarette, 23 years ago, I have been the happiest man in the world. I still feel the same way today.” <mask> wrote to Tony Blair, urging the UK Government and NHS to accept his method, saying that the "powerful influence" of lobbyists working for nicotine replacement firms had turned them against him. <mask> died on 29 November 2006 at the age of 72, as a result of his lung cancer. He died at his home in Benalmádena, west of Málaga, Spain. <mask> worked closely with and passed responsibility for continuing his work, developing the method to cover as many addictions and issues as possible, to his close friends and long-time collaborators Robin Hayley & John C. Dicey (Chairman & Global CEO of Allen Carr's Easyway respectively). On the insistence of international publishers John C. Dicey reluctantly allows himself to be described as co-author of <mask> books but makes it very clear, "I take great pleasure in deflecting any praise for the books (quite rightly so) to <mask>. I was extremely lucky to have worked so closely with him since 1998 and was honoured that he asked me to carry on
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<mask> <mask> is a Professor of Chemistry and the holder of the Paul A. Miller Chair in the College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences at the University of Southern California (USC). Born and raised in Chicago, Illinois, <mask> received his B.S. and Ph.D in Electrical Engineering from the University of Illinois in 1970. Post-doctoral work (EE at USC, Chemistry at Cambridge (UK) and UC Berkeley) was followed by a faculty appointment in 1973 at USC in the EE Department. After becoming a professor in 1979, his interests changed, and he moved to the Chemistry and Physics Departments in 1981, settling eventually in the Chemistry Department, where he has specialized in physical chemistry (chemical physics) ever since. <mask> and his wife, Michele, live in Santa Monica, California. Research focus
His earliest contributions were technological: invention of the continuous carbon monoxide chemical laser in 1969, and development and demonstration of the so-called infrared process of laser isotope separation in the late 1970s.Interests then evolved to more fundamental studies. In the 1980s and 1990s his main contributions were in the areas of unimolecular reactions of polyatomic molecules,
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and photoinitiated reactions in weakly bound complexes. The latter was acknowledged in 1993 with the Herbert P. Broida Prize in Atomic, Molecular, and Chemical Physics (given by the American Physical Society); together they were acknowledged through the Bourke Lectures and Medal in 2000 (given by the Royal Society of Chemistry, UK). Recent research (including ongoing) addresses issues in amorphous solid water, photophysics in doped superfluid helium nanodroplets, complex photochemistry and photophysics of polyatomic molecules, and theories of particle statistics and geometric phases. Publications
Book chapters
Gas trapping in ice and its release upon warming; A. Bar-Nun, D. Laufer, O. Rebolledo-Mayoral, S. Malyk, H. Reisler, C<mask>; Solar System Ices, M. Gudipati, editor (World Scientific, Singapore, 2010). Fundamental Aspects of Molecular Photochemistry; C. Wittig; Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology, Third Edition, (Academic Press, 2001). Dynamics of ground state bimolecular reactions; C<mask> and A.H. Zewail; Atomic and Molecular Clusters, E. Bernstein, editor (Oxford Press, 1996).Regioselective photochemistry in weakly bonded complexes; S.K. Shin, Y.
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Chen, E. Böhmer and C<mask>; The Dye Laser: 20 Years (Springer-Verlag, 1992) 57-76. State resolved simple bond fission reactions: experiment and theory; H. Reisler and C. <mask>; Advances in Kinetics and Dynamics, Vol. 1, J.R. Barker, editor (JAI Press, Greenwich, 1992) 139-185. Photoinitiated reactions in weakly bonded complexes: entrance channel specificity; Y. Chen, G. Hoffmann, S.K. Shin, D. Oh, S. Sharpe, Y.P. Zeng, R.A. Beaudet and C<mask>; Advances in Molecular Vibrations and Collision Dynamics, Vol.1, Part B, J.M. Bowman, editor (JAI Press, Greenwich, 1992) 187-229. NO(X2Π) product state distributions in molecule-surface dissociative scattering: n,i-C3F7NO from MgO(100); E. Kolodney, P.S. Powers, L. Hodgson, H. Reisler and C<mask>; Mode Selective Chemistry, J. Jortner et al., editors (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, 1991) 443-455. Photoinitiated reactions in weakly bonded complexes; S.K. Shin, Y. Chen, S. Nickolaisen, S.W. Sharpe, R.A. Beaudet and C<mask>; Advances in Photochemistry, Vol.16, D. Volman, G. Hammond and D. Neckers, editors (Wiley, 1991) 249-363. Photodissociation processes in NO-containing molecules; H. Reisler, M. Noble and C. <mask>;
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Molecular Photodissociation Dynamics, J. Baggott and M.N.R. Ashfold, editors (Royal Society of Chemistry, 1987) 139-176. Multiphoton ionization of molecules; H. Reisler and C. <mask>; Advances in Chemical Physics LX, K.P. Lawley, editor (1985) 1-30. Selected articles
C<mask>, The Landau-Zener formula, J. Phys. Chem.B 109, 8428 (2005).' J. Underwood, D. Chastaing, S. Lee, and C<mask>, Heavy hydrides: H2Te ultraviolet photochemistry, J. Chem. Phys. 123, 84312 (2005).' E. Polyakova, D. Stolyarov, and C<mask>, Multiple photon excitation and ionization of NO in and on helium droplets, J. Chem. Phys. 124, 214308 (2006).'G. Kumi, S. Malyk, S. Hawkins, H. Reisler, and C<mask>, Amorphous solid water films: Transport and host–guest interactions with CO2 and N2O dopants, J. Phys. Chem. A 110, 2097–2105 (2006).' C. <mask> and I. Bezel, Effective Hamiltonian models and unimolecular decomposition, J. Phys. Chem. B 100, 19850–19860 (2006).' S. Malyk, G. Kumi, H. Reisler, and C. <mask>, Trapping and Release of CO2 guest molecules in amorphous ice, J. Phys.Chem. A 111, 13365–13370 (2008).' C<mask>, Statistics of indistinguishable particles, J. Phys. Chem. A 113, 7244–7252, Benny Gerber
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Festschrift (2009).' L. A. Smith-Freeman, W. H. Schroeder, and C<mask>, AsH2 ultraviolet photochemistry, J. Phys. Chem.A 113, 2158–2164 (2009).' A. Bar-Nun, D. Laufer, O. Rebolledo-Mayoral, S. Malyk, H. Reisler, C<mask>, Gas trapping in ice and its release upon warming, Solar System Ices, M. Gudipati, Editor (World Scientific, Singapore, 2010). C<mask>, Photon and electron spins, J. Phys. Chem. A 113, 15320–15327, Vincenzo Aquilanti Festschrift (2010). Awards and honors
Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science (2005);
Eminent Scholar Lecturer, University of Arizona (2005);
Raubenheimer Outstanding Faculty Award: Teaching, Research and Service (2003);
Bourke Lecturer (plus Bourke medal), Royal Society of Chemistry: University of Birmingham, University of Edinburgh, and University of Leeds (2000)
American Physical Society's Herbert P. Broida Prize Recipient (1993)
References
External links
Dr. Wittig's Official Website
Dr. Wittig's Faculty page at USC Department of Chemistry
Dr. Wittig's Faculty page at USC
Living people
University of Southern California faculty
University of Illinois alumni
American physical chemists
Year of birth missing
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<mask> (born June 11, 1948) is an American politician who was the U.S. representative for from 2005 to 2021. He is a member of the Republican Party. The district <mask> represented is located in West Texas and includes Midland, Odessa, San Angelo, Brownwood, and Granbury. <mask> led the investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections (with assistance from Trey Gowdy and Tom Rooney) after the Intelligence Committee chair, Devin Nunes, recused himself. Aside from serving as the chair of the House Ethics Committee, he served as the chair of the House Agriculture Committee, and later its ranking member. <mask> indicated in July 2019 that he would not be seeking reelection. <mask> was succeeded by fellow Republican August Pfluger.<mask> was born in Borger in the Texas Panhandle northeast of Amarillo, the son of Helen Jean (McCormick) and Louis Denton <mask>. He graduated in 1966 from Permian High School in Odessa in Ector County, where he was a standout player for the Permian Panthers and a member of the first Permian State Championship team in 1965. After High School, he attended Ranger College on a football scholarship before attending Texas A&M University-Commerce (then named East Texas State University), lettering in Football for the Lions from 1966 to 1969 and was a member of two Lone Star Conference championship teams. He majored in Accounting, graduating in 1970. Career
Military
<mask> served in the United States Army from 1970 to 1972. Private sector
<mask> was an accountant and became a Certified Public Accountant in 1974, chief financial officer at a bank, and from 1981 to 1986 was the chief financial officer of Arbusto Energy Inc, an oil and gas exploration firm operated by George W. Bush. Texas government
Soon after Bush was elected governor of Texas, he appointed <mask> to the Texas State Board of Public Accountancy, which regulates accountancy in Texas.He served on the board as a volunteer for seven years, the last five as chairman. U.S. House of Representatives
Committee assignments (116th Congress)
Committee on Agriculture (Ranking Member)
Committee on Armed
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Services
Subcommittee on Intelligence, Emerging Threats and Capabilities
Subcommittee on Seapower and Projection Forces
Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence
Caucus memberships
CPA Caucus (Founder)
International Conservation Caucus
Reliable Energy Caucus
Sportsmen's Caucus
Congressional Constitution Caucus
Congressional Western Caucus
United States Congressional International Conservation Caucus
Tenure
<mask> endorsed former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney for president in 2008. On May 13, 2016, <mask> endorsed the Republican presumptive nominee Donald Trump for president in the 2016 U.S. presidential election. In 2006, <mask> voted against extending the Voting Rights Act of 1965. <mask> served on committees of the National Republican Congressional Committee (NRCC), the campaign arm of the House Republican caucus. In January 2007, <mask> began chairing the three-member audit committee for the NRCC. By January 28, 2008, <mask> had uncovered a fraud, where hundreds of thousands of dollars were missing from NRCC bank accounts, and supposed annual audits on the NRCC books had actually not been performed since 2001.<mask> introduced legislation to extend and reform the federal tax credit to support wide scale commercial deployment of carbon capture and storage. Speaker Paul Ryan announced <mask>'s new role as leader of the House Intelligence Committee in April 2017 after chairman Devin Nunes temporarily recused himself from investigations into Russian interference in the U.S. 2016 election. In February 2018, <mask> prevented efforts by the Democrats on the House Intelligence Committee to investigate financial links between Trump, his businesses, his family and Russian actors. <mask> prevented subpoenas for related bank records, Trump's tax returns and witnesses. Democrats on the committee had, for example, asked for subpoenas to Deutsche Bank, which the Trump Organization and Jared Kushner (Trump's son-in-law and senior White House advisor) have borrowed extensively from. In March 2018, <mask> laid out the findings of a report by the Republican members of the House Intelligence Committee.
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One of the findings was that the committee had found no evidence of collusion between Russia and the Trump campaign in the 2016 election; Democrats on the committee said that they had come to no such conclusion.A few days later, <mask> walked back that finding, saying "Our committee was not charged with answering the collusion idea". Asked why the committee drew a conclusion if it had not investigated the matter, <mask> denied that the committee had drawn a conclusion, "What we said is we found no evidence of it. That’s a different statement. We found no evidence of collusion." In December 2020, <mask> was one of 126 Republican members of the House of Representatives who signed an amicus brief in support of Texas v. Pennsylvania, a lawsuit filed at the United States Supreme Court contesting the results of the 2020 presidential election, in which Joe Biden prevailed over incumbent Donald Trump. The Supreme Court declined to hear the case on the basis that Texas lacked standing under Article III of the Constitution to challenge the results of the election held by another state. Political campaigns
<mask> first ran for elective office in 2003, when he ran in a special election for the 19th Congressional District, which came open after 18-year Republican incumbent Larry Combest stepped down shortly after winning a 10th term.<mask> lost by 587 votes to fellow Republican Randy Neugebauer. A few months later, the Texas Legislature redrew the state's districts in an effort engineered by then-House Majority Leader Tom DeLay. Three brand-new districts were created, one of them being the 11th, which was based in Midland. Previously, Midland had been part of the Lubbock-based 19th District. DeLay was particularly keen to draw a district based in Midland, Odessa and the oil-rich Permian Basin in part because Texas House Speaker Tom Craddick was from that area. This district is heavily Republican – by some accounts, it was the most Republican district in Texas at the time. Republicans had dominated every level of government since the 1980s, and usually garner 70 percent or more of the vote in this area (Glasscock
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County had voted 93 percent for Bush in 2000, the highest percentage of any county in the nation).The race was essentially over when <mask> announced his candidacy. He won in November with 77 percent of the vote, one of the largest percentages by anyone facing major-party opposition. <mask> was reelected six times with no substantive opposition. The district is so heavily Republican that the Democrats only fielded a challenger against him three times in 2010, 2012 and 2018. Each time, he won at least 75 percent of the vote. He was reelected unopposed in 2006 and faced only minor party opposition in 2008, 2014, and 2016, all three of which times he won with roughly 90% of the vote. <mask> won re-nomination to a sixth term in the U.S. House in the Republican primary held on March 4, 2014.He polled 53,107 votes (74 percent); his challenger, Wade Brown, received 18,979 votes (26 percent). <mask> won re-election in the general election held on November 4, 2014. He polled 107,752 votes (90 percent); his challenger, Libertarian Ryan T. Lange, received 11,607 (10 percent). <mask> announced in July 2019 that he would not be running for reelection. Committee assignments
116th Congress
Committee on Agriculture (Ranking Member)
Committee on Armed Services
Committee on Intelligence
Personal life
<mask> served on the Midland Independent School District Board from 1985 to 1988. <mask> is married to Suzanne Kidwell <mask> and their family includes two sons, two daughters, and seven grandchildren. See also
Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (2019)
References
External links
Profile at the Texas Tribune
<mask>: Lessons Learned in High School - Odessa Permian five-part series
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1948 births
21st-century American politicians
Baptists from Texas
Living people
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Texas
Military personnel from Texas
People from Borger, Texas
People from Midland, Texas
People from Odessa, Texas
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Texas
School board members in Texas
Texas A&M University–Commerce alumni
Texas
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<mask>-Haj ibni Almarhum Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah Al-Haj (Jawi: ; 8 March 1926 – 21 November 2001) was the 11th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia and eighth Sultan of Selangor. Early life
Born on at 3:30 pm. Tengku Abdul Aziz Shah on Monday 8 March 1926 at Istana Bandar Temasha, Jugra, Kuala Langat, he is the eldest son of Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah Al-Haj ibni Almarhum Sultan Alauddin Sulaiman Shah by his royal consort and wife, Tengku Ampuan Raja Jemaah binti Al-Marhum Raja Ahmad. He received his early education at the Pengkalan Batu Malay School in Klang in 1934. In 1936, he furthered his studies at the Malay College Kuala Kangsar until 1941 when World War II began. After World War II, he went to England in 1947 and studied at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London for two years. Upon his return from the United Kingdom, he served with the Civil Service Department as a Trainee Officer with the Selangor Survey Department.He later served as an Inspector of Schools for eight years. In 1952, he attended a short-term course at the Malay Military Troop in Port Dickson for six months and was commissioned with the Queen Commission in the rank of captain. Thereafter, he was promoted to the rank of major. Sultan of Selangor
<mask> Abdul Aziz Shah was appointed as the Tengku Laksamana of Selangor on 1 August 1946 and as the Raja Muda (Crown Prince) of Selangor on 13 May 1950. On the demise of his father, Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah Al-Haj ibni Almarhum Sultan Alaeddin Sulaiman Shah, Tengku Abdul Aziz Shah became the eighth Sultan of Selangor with the title <mask> Abdul Aziz Shah on 3 September 1960 and was installed as the 28th Sultan on 28 June 1961. On 26 April 1984, <mask> Abdul Aziz Shah was appointed as Captain-in-Chief of the Royal Navy by the Malaysian Armed Forces in place of the position of Colonel-in-Chief of the Malaysian Royal Air Force which he held since 1966. <mask> was the Sultan who signed the cession of Kuala Lumpur from Selangor to the Federal Government to form a Federal Territory on 1
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February 1974.The Sultan cried after the signing as he was very fond and proud of the city, but he did it for the greater good of Malaysia. The Kota Darul Ehsan arch was erected along the Federal Highway at the border of Kuala Lumpur and Selangor to commemorate the event in 1981. <mask> was a founder of Shah Alam, the new Selangor state capital in 1978. He said that for Selangor to become a modern state, it would need a new state capital as Kuala Lumpur had become a Federal Territory. At that time Klang was the state capital after the cession of Kuala Lumpur when the Sultan founded Shah Alam. Many buildings and roads in Shah Alam are named after him. Salahuddin held the rank of Marshal of the Royal Malaysian Air Force, Field Marshal of the Malaysian Army and Admiral of the Fleet of the Royal Malaysian Navy as per constitutional provisions making him as the second royal military officer to become supreme commander-in-chief of the armed forces.Yang di-Pertuan Agong
He was the second oldest ruler to be elected as the eleventh Yang di-Pertuan Agong on 26 April 1999 and installed on 11 September 1999. The cession of Putrajaya, which was formerly Selangor territory, to the Federal Government in 2001 to become a Federal Territory occurred during his reign as Yang di-Pertuan Agong. The Persiaran <mask> Abdul Aziz Shah in Putrajaya was named after him. However, after reigning for two years and 6 months, he died in office on 21 November 2001 at the Gleneagles Intan Medical Centre in Kuala Lumpur. He underwent a heart operation to put a pacemaker two months prior to his death, which he did not fully recover from. He was buried in the Royal Mausoleum near Sultan Sulaiman Mosque in Klang. Personal life
<mask> Abdul Aziz Shah married at least four wives.His first wife and cousin, HRH Paduka Bonda Raja Raja Nur Saidatul Ihsan binti Al Marhum Raja Bendahara Tengku Badar Shah, whom he later divorced, bore:
Tengku Nor Halija
Tengku Idris Shah, later Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah
Tengku Puteri <mask> (died 8 June 2017)
Tengku Laksamana
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