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Strawberry tongue is seen in -
|
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Both of the above Strawberry tongueo It is also called raspberry tongueo It basically refers to glossitis, which manifests with hyperplastic (enlarged) fungiform papillae, giving the appearance of a strawberry.o White strawberry tongue is where there is a white coating on the tongue through which the hyperplastic fungiform papillae protrude.o Red strawberry tongue is where the white coating is lost and a dark red, erythematous surface is revealed, interspaced with the hyperplastic fungiform papillae.o White strawberry tongue is seen in early scarlet fever (a systemic infection of group Ab- hemolytic streptococci).o Red strawberry tongue occurs later, after 4-5 days.o Other conditions in which strawberry tongue is seen are: Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome, and vitamin B 12 deficiency.
| 3 |
Streptococcal scarlet fever
|
Kawasaki disease
|
Both of the above
|
None of the above
|
ENT
|
Oral Cavity
|
6f0d1d7f-385d-466a-b9e6-5fdb3864bab7
|
multi
|
What is the biological value of egg protein:
|
Ans. (c) 100Ref : K. Park 23rd ed. / 630Biological value is a measure of the proportion of absorbed protein from a food which becomes incorporated into the proteins of the organisms body.Biological value of Proteins in several food products* Whole egg: 100* Cow milk: 91* Beef: 80* Casein: 77* Soy: 74* Wheat gluten: 64
| 3 |
80
|
90
|
100
|
120
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
|
Egg
|
43d5de21-1a46-4ecb-adc4-c3cb3e8fbb34
|
single
|
Aspaame contains
|
Aspaame is made from aspaic acid and phenylalanine , both are aminoacds . It is 200 times sweeter than sugar. Aspaame is not suitable for people with phenlketonuria. REFERNCE : DM VASUDEVAN TEXTBOK EIGHTH EDITION ; Page no: 99
| 1 |
Phenylalanine
|
Histidine
|
Tryptophan
|
Tyrosine
|
Biochemistry
|
Structure and function of protein
|
defd4007-55c2-445c-9431-9cbc9bbb2580
|
single
|
Which among the following tumor is associated with Polycythemia vera?
|
Tumors associated with polycythemia vera are Hypernephroma, Hepatoma, Cerebellar hemangioblastoma, Uterine myoma, Adrenal tumors, Meningioma, Pheochromocytoma. The JAK2 gene located on the sho arm of chromosome 9 and loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 9p due to mitotic recombination is the most common cytogenetic abnormality in Polycythemia Vera. Ref: Harrison's Internal Medicine, 18th Edition, Pages 898-900
| 3 |
Osteosarcoma
|
Ovarian tumor
|
Cerebellar haemangioblastoma
|
Pitutary adenoma
|
Medicine
| null |
bddb842d-97d9-4690-a6ef-5da7055a9da2
|
single
|
WHO criteria for High endemicity for meningococcal disease include -
|
WHO Classification of Meningococcal areas:
Low endemicity: < 2 cases per 100,000 population per year
Moderate endemicity: 2-10 cases per 100,000 population per year
High endemicity: > 10 cases per 100,000 population per year (0.01%)
Epidemic: > 100 cases per 100,000 population per year (0.1%)
| 2 |
0 .1%
|
0 .01%
|
0.00%
|
1.00%
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
| null |
17cf9d19-094c-43bb-be11-43aa2422010b
|
single
|
Half- life of cobalt-60:
|
Ans. (b) 5.3 yearsRef: Basics radiological physics 2nd ed. /180* Iridium-192, emits gamma rays. It has energy of 0.4MeV.* Tl/2 of iridium 192: 74 daysImportant Half Life of Radionuclides* Gold-198: 2.7 days* Iodine- 123: 13.3 hours* Iodine-131: 8 days* Phosphorus-32: 14.3 days* Yttrium 90: 64 hours* Cobalt-60: 5.26 years* Caesium-137: 30 years* Radium-226: 1620 years
| 2 |
53 years
|
5.3 years
|
0.53 years
|
7.8 years
|
Radiology
|
Radionuclide Therapeutic Intervention
|
a5b0d6b1-5d8f-43c1-b105-c0a2cf454dbb
|
single
|
In CO poisoning, immediate emergency treatment: Jharkhand 10
|
Ans. High flow O2
| 3 |
5% CO2 inhalation
|
10% CO2 inhalation
|
High flow O2
|
Nitroglycerine
|
Forensic Medicine
| null |
d6363247-6989-4ea2-8e80-36065b099199
|
single
|
Which vitamin deficiency causes glossitis and cheilosis ?
|
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Riboflavin
| 2 |
Thiamin
|
Riboflavin
|
Folic acid
|
Vitamin A
|
Biochemistry
| null |
28091b46-8a02-4fee-a5e7-af43987c49b2
|
single
|
A farmer from the sub-Himalayan region presents with multiple leg ulcers. The most likely causative agent is -
| null | 3 |
Trichophyton Rubrum
|
Cladosporium species
|
Sporothrix Schenckii
|
Aspergillus
|
Microbiology
| null |
04d8a151-1fcb-4c12-9c91-fa938b039945
|
single
|
In a young female of reproductive age with regular menstrual cycle of 28 days, ovulation occurs at around 14th day of periods. When is the first polar body extruded?
|
Primary oocyte remain in prophase of meiosis I until primodial follicle grow to form primary follicle which grows to form secondary/graffian follicle. The secondary follicle enters preovulatory stage 36 hrs before ovulation when LH surge occurs resulting in completion of meiosis -I and formation of secondary oocyte and 1st polar body 12hrs prior to ovulation(LH peak occurs).
| 1 |
12 hrs prior to ovulation
|
Accompanied by ovulation
|
48hrs after the ovulation
|
At the time of ovulation
|
Anatomy
|
Introduction and gametogenesis.
|
54acbaa5-f1a9-4c16-9ccc-41230480d860
|
single
|
In which clinical scenario, after giving folic acid, neuropathic features stas worsening?
|
Vitamin B12 Major role in providing cofactors that are required to form myelin. Required for the production of methionine (precursor for S-adenosyl methionine), which is required for methylation reaction. Myelin maintenance and nerve function. Demyelination occurs from vitamin B12 deficiency. Neurological problems occur in most people who are deficient in Vitamin B12. Folic acid also masks the underlying disease, and allow the development or progression of neurological deterioration, if diagnosis depended on the presence on anaemic symptoms.
| 2 |
Vit B6 deficiency
|
Vit B12 deficiency
|
Vit B2 deficiency
|
Vitamin C deficiency
|
Medicine
|
NEET Jan 2020
|
98ef1239-aa9a-4692-8a5e-e602892e1239
|
single
|
Causes of hydramnios :
|
Ans. is a, b and c i.e. Anencephaly; Oesophageal atresia; and Twins
| 4 |
Anencephaly
|
Oesophageal atresia
|
Twins
|
All
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
| null |
bf0ac60d-8def-4707-b607-c48ef7b58ba2
|
multi
|
An 80-year-old microbiologist has a cerebral infarction. His speech is limited to expletives, he cannot write but does respond to questions by shaking his head, and he has lower facial weakness on the right side. The lesion is most likely in the:
|
Lower facial weakness is a localizing neighborhood sign. The Broca speech area is located in the posterior pa of the inferior frontal gyrus (Brodmann areas 44 and 45). Wernicke's speech area is intact as comprehension is intact.
| 1 |
Left frontal lobe.
|
Left parietal lobe
|
Left temporal lobe
|
Right frontal lobe
|
Anatomy
|
Development of nervous system and cerebrum
|
cdf66bbd-9e59-41cf-b097-cfd233bed52f
|
single
|
In crush syndrome what is noted
|
In a crush injury, crushing of muscle leads to a reperfusion injury when the casualty is rescued.This releases myoglobin and vasoactive mediators into the circulation.It also sequesters many litres of fluid, reducing the effective intravascular volume and resulting in renal vasoconstriction and ischaemia. The myoglobinuria leads to renal failure from tubular obstructionBailey and Love 26e pg: 430
| 1 |
Renal failure
|
Liver failure
|
Cardiac failure
|
Endocrine crisis
|
Surgery
|
Trauma
|
215e1356-72c8-4acc-b464-4fc03aeab789
|
single
|
Steroid synthesis occurs in which organelle?
|
Ans. B Smooth endoplasmic reticulum* The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the rough endoplasmic reticulum and does not contain any ribosomes. Although it has several functions, the sER is specialized for the production of steroid hormones in cells of the adrenal cortex.* Remember that cholesterol is the main precursor for steroid hormones produced in the adrenal cortex and the gonads.
| 2 |
Lysosome
|
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
|
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
|
Lysozyme
|
Physiology
|
Nervous System
|
7267d0d2-6ef8-4ffa-81b1-749303c0bb54
|
single
|
Number of beds in a CHC is: March 2010
|
Ans. B: 30
| 2 |
20
|
30
|
40
|
50
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
| null |
fe15f4cc-e1c0-477a-bcc6-3e711f41097f
|
single
|
Which one of the following statements regarding pre-post clinical trial is most appropriate -
| null | 3 |
They cannot be randomized
|
They are useful in studies involving mortality
|
They use the patient as his or her own control
|
They are usually easier to interpret than the comparable parallel clinical trial
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
| null |
220cefda-7cf3-49c6-8975-97fc90f5d7a8
|
multi
|
Scutula is classically seen in:
|
Scutula is the charecteristic lesion of us. The classical picture of tinea capitis caused by Trichophyton schoenleinii is characterized by the presenceof yellowish cup-shaped crusts known as scutula which develops round a hair. Adjacent crusts confluent and form a mass of yellow crusting. Note: the other three options mentioned are morphological forms of T.capitis. Ref: Rook's textbook of dermatology, Edition-8, Page 36.27.
| 1 |
Favus
|
Small spore ectothrix
|
Endothrix
|
Kerion
|
Skin
| null |
79b6b4a0-4e5a-47ae-90da-d0bb5c473a6c
|
multi
|
Components of Innate immunity that are active against viral cells includes -
|
A class of lymphocytes called natural killer cells or NK cells are impoant in nonspecific defense against viral infections and tumors. They selectively kill virus-infected cells and tumors cells. - they are activated by interferons. Reference : Anathanarayan & paniker's 9th edition, pg no:81 <\p>
| 1 |
NK cells
|
Cytotoxic cells
|
B-cell
|
Memory B cell
|
Microbiology
|
Immunology
|
ae65096b-11d7-4316-9b42-bd42711c5392
|
single
|
Hea failure cells are seen in
|
Ref Robbins 8/e p535, 7/e p122,9/e p116 Cut surfaces of hyperemic or congested tissues feel wet and typically ooze blood. On microscopic examination, acute pulmonary congestion is marked by blood-engorged alveolar capillaries and variable degrees of alveolar septal edema and intra-alveolar hemorrhage. In chronic pulmo- nary congestion, the septa become thickened and fibrotic, and the alveolar spaces contain numerous macrophages laden with hemosiderin ("hea failure cells") derived from phagocytosed red cells
| 2 |
Chronic venous congestion of liver
|
Chronic venous congestion of lung
|
Acute venous congestion of lung
|
Acute venous congestion of liver
|
Anatomy
|
General anatomy
|
74307fd5-f636-429e-a284-ba3531ba248a
|
single
|
A 65-year-old man worked in a shipyard for 10 years, and then he worked for 5 years for a company that installed fire retardant insulation. He experienced increasing dyspnea for 11 years with progressive respiratory failure and hypoxemia. A CT scan of his chest now shows a large mass encasing the left lung. Which of the following findings is most likely to be seen on a chest radiograph in this patient?
|
This patient has an occupational risk of asbestos exposure. The inhaled asbestos fibers become encrusted with iron and appear as the characteristic ferruginous bodies with iron stain. The firm, tan mass encasing the pleura is most likely a malignant mesothelioma. Asbestosis more commonly gives rise to pleural fibrosis and interstitial lung disease, similar to other pneumoconioses. This is seen grossly as a dense pleural plaque, which often is calcified. Asbestosis can give rise to bronchogenic carcinoma, especially in smokers. Fluffy infiltrates suggest an infectious process. Upper lobe cavitation suggests secondary tuberculosis. An endobronchial mass could be a carcinoid tumor, which is not related to asbestosis. The pleural mass likely leads to obliteration of the pleural space, with no effusion.
| 3 |
Bilateral fluffy perihilar infiltrates
|
Bilateral upper lobe cavitation
|
Diaphragmatic pleural calcified plaques
|
Endobronchial mass with atelectasis
|
Pathology
|
Respiration
|
9fd91efc-ff5c-4804-977e-dc85620b6151
|
multi
|
Finding in meningioma are all except:
|
C i.e. Erosion
| 3 |
Vascular markings around falx
|
Calcification
|
Erosion
|
Osteosclerosis
|
Radiology
| null |
612ec2f0-bf83-4dfb-ae7d-f0f593ae0f25
|
multi
|
The optic nerve is a tract of the diencephalon that is not completely myelinated until
|
The axons of the optic nerve are not completely myelinated until 3 months after bih. Myelinated axons are normally not found in the retina. The optic nerve is not a true peripheral nerve but a tract of the diencephalon; when severed, the optic nerve does not regenerate. Myelination in the central nervous system (CNS) is accomplished by oligodendrocytes; oligodendrocytes are not found in the retina.
| 4 |
5 years after bih
|
2 years after bih
|
1 year after bih
|
3 months after bih
|
Anatomy
|
Eye, Nose and Ear
|
dd62cf00-2acd-4703-956a-2659f361bd97
|
single
|
Meningococci differ from gonococci in that they?
|
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Possess a capsule
| 2 |
Are intra-cellular
|
Possess a capsule
|
Cause fermentation of glucose
|
Are oxidase positive
|
Microbiology
| null |
83f823c2-5091-42b1-be6a-e03c989003a6
|
single
|
Chronic alcoholism is associated with the development of all of the following liver diseases, EXCEPT:
|
Chronic alcoholism result in the formation of three distinctive forms of liver diseases such as hepatic steatosis, alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis. Hepatic steatosis refers to the accumulation of lipid droplets within the hepatocytes. It could be either microvesicular or macrovesicular. This process is initially centrilobular but can involve the entire liver in severe cases. Alcoholic hepatitis is characterized by the presence of hepatocyte swelling and necrosis, Mallory bodies, neutrophilic infiltration and fibrosis. Alcoholic cirrhosis is the final and irreversible form of alcoholic liver disease. Ref: Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease, 6th Edition, Pages 869- 72
| 4 |
Cirrhosis
|
Fatty degeneration
|
Cholestatic hepatitis
|
Granuloma formation
|
Pathology
| null |
7823b292-7036-4ebc-be33-129504bb4e2c
|
multi
|
Which of the following is not a cause of PEA (Pulseless Electrical Activity)?
|
The 5 H and 5 T of pulseless electrical activity - PEA implies that electrical activity is seen on ECG but the pulse is absent. The leading cause of PEA is hypoxia secondary to respiratory failure (40-50% cases) and hypovolemia. Hydrogen ion depletion implies alkalosis whereas PEA occurs with acidosis. H Hypovolemia Hypoxia Hydrogen Ion (acidosis) Hypo / Hyperkalemia Hypothermia T Toxins Tamponade Tension Pneumothorax Thrombosis (hea: acute, massive MI) Thrombosis (lungs: massive PEE)
| 2 |
Low pO2 < 60mm Hg
|
Hydrogen ion depletion
|
Hypokalemia
|
Hypovolemia
|
Medicine
|
ECG and Arrhythmia 2
|
e35ef5f7-07b6-42d3-a646-90330c935d2f
|
single
|
All the following are true regarding blood supply to the kidney, except -
|
Kidney has five independent vascular segments
Segmental arteries divide into lobar branches.
Area of kidney supplied by lobar artery → renal → includes 1-2 pyramids and the adjacent part of the cortex.
Branches of renal arteries are end arteries.
Renal blood passes through 2 sets of capillary plexus.
High-pressure bed (60 mmHg) of glomerular plexus for filtration.
Low-pressure bed (13mmHg) of peritubular plexus for selective reabsorption and nutrition.
These are connected by efferent glomerular arterioles which act as a renal portal system.
| 3 |
Stellate veins drain superficial zone
|
It is a type of portal-circulation
|
The renal artery divides into five segmental arteries before entering the hilum
|
Its segmental arteries are end-arteries
|
Anatomy
| null |
80c32432-0cb9-4c17-9194-282971414897
|
multi
|
Substrate level phosphorylation in Glycolysis is seen in which step?
|
ANSWER: (B) Pyruvate kinaseREF: Murray pp 130-135, Scriver, pp 1521-1552, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substratelevel_phosphorylationSubstrate-level phosphorylation is a type of metabolism that results in the formation and creation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or guanosine triphosphate (GTP) by the direct transfer and donation of a phosphoryi (POa) group to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or guanosine diphosphate (GDP) from a phosphorylated reactive intermediate. Note that the phosphate group does not have to directly come from the substrate. By convention, the phosphoryl group that is transferred is referred to as a phosphate groupWe use the term substrate level phosphorylation because ATP formation in glycolysis is powered by the addition/ removal of phosphate groups (phosphorylation) to molecules of glucose (the substrate). Hence the term substrate-level phosphorylation.Examples of substrate level phosphorylation that occurs in glycolysis is:The production of 1st ATP when 1,3 bisphophoglycerate is converted into 3-phosphoglycerate by the enzyme phosphoglycerate kinaseProduction of 2nd ATP when phosphoenolpyruvate is converted to pyruvate by the enzyme pyruvate kinase.
| 2 |
Glyceraldehyde 3 Phosphate dehydrogenase
|
Pyruvate kinase
|
Phosphofructokinase
|
Enolase
|
Biochemistry
|
Respiratory Chain
|
fa31b5d9-e49f-416f-9243-b8eb58c6f5a1
|
multi
|
Isolated 3rd nerve palsy is Seen in-
|
*Diabetes ,hypeension and vascular disease are major risk factors *Isolated nuclear oculomotor palsy is rare. Third nerve palsy typically manifests as diplopia and ptosis.The diabetic 3rd nerve palsy may affect isolated superior or inferior division of the oculomotor nerve, but diplopia usually exists Ref Harrison20th edition pg 2456
| 3 |
Frontal lobe tumour
|
Webers syndrome
|
Diabetes
|
Lateral medullary syndrome
|
Medicine
|
C.N.S
|
9cee72a4-1ee8-4ab0-be82-c191b9d212c7
|
single
|
The capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans in a CSF sample is seen by
|
(B) India ink preparation > In unstained, wet preparation of CSF with a drop of Indian ink or nigrosine, the capsule can be seen as a clear halo around the yeast cell. This is an example of negative staining.# Diagnosis of cryptococcus is established by demonstration of capsulated, budding yeast cells in the lesions and by culture.> Capsules stand out in India ink preparations.> Fungus grows readily on Sabouraud's agar forming smooth, mucoid, cream coloured colonies.
| 2 |
Grams stain
|
India ink preparation
|
Giemsa stain
|
Methanamine - Silver stain
|
Microbiology
|
Misc.
|
6319277b-1dc2-48ab-8441-2603a659fcdc
|
single
|
Which of the following, points towards female skull differentiating from male skull
|
Features Female skull Male skull 1. Mastoid process small , pointed large , blunt 2. Frontal and parietal eminence Prominent less prominent 3. Orbits rounded, sharp margins square , round margins 4. Zygomatic arch Not prominent Prominent 5. Angle of body with ramus Not Prominent Prominent Frontal eminences & parietal eminences are more prominent in Females
| 2 |
Mastoid bigger
|
Prominent frontal eminence
|
Orbit square with round edges
|
Prominent jaw
|
Forensic Medicine
|
Human identification
|
dc7a53a1-e950-4864-88fd-5884b30d1ded
|
single
|
Half life of Technetium is
|
A i.e. 6 hours Half life (tin) of radium (Ra226)is 1602-1626 years (longest)Q; Cesium (137Cs) is 30 yearsQ; Cobalt (60Co) is 5.2 yearsQ; iridium (1921r)is 74.5 daysQ; Iodine (P31)is 8 daysQ; 1123 is 13 hoursQ; technitium (Tc99) is 6 hoursQ; and 1132 is 2.3 hoursQ.
| 1 |
6 hours
|
12 hours
|
24 hours
|
26 hours
|
Radiology
| null |
dbf4bbe9-4c1d-49c7-ba9e-14bec3764e6a
|
single
|
Iodised salt was first started in which country ?
| null | 1 |
India
|
UK
|
Switzerland
|
Germany
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
| null |
a33d6989-102d-4006-b986-4e9315034562
|
single
|
Mark a FALSE statement about Malar telangiectasia .
|
Malar telangiectasia /Malar Flush : Plum-red discolouration of the cheeks Associated with mitral stenosis Due to CO2 retention and its vasodilatory effects. SLE: Malar rash Mitral valve prolapse (Floppy valve syndrome): 2 Mitral valve flaps do not close smoothly or evenly, instead bulge (prolapse) upward into the left atrium. Mitral valve prolapse is aka click-murmur syndrome or Barlow's syndrome. Pseudoxanthoma elasticum(PXE): Mutations in the ABCC6 gene cause PXE Characterized by the accumulation of deposits of calcium and other minerals in elastic fibers
| 1 |
Mutations in the ABCC6 gene
|
Plum-red discolouration of the cheeks
|
Due to CO2 retention
|
Associated with mitral stenosis
|
Medicine
|
Valvular hea diseases
|
c15ec907-d2e3-4682-9d2b-dff14d4db8c5
|
multi
|
The specimen shown below is
|
Ans. (a) MNG* The specimen is Subtotal thyroidectomy specimen of Multinodular goiter.* Both sides at tracheoesophageal groove a sleeve of tissue left is Subtotal.* Only one side a sleeve of tissue left is Near total (Hartley Dunhill Operation)
| 1 |
MNG
|
SNT
|
Adenoma thyroid
|
TG cyst
|
Surgery
|
Thyroid Gland
|
aabf4820-ffe2-427e-ab32-2f1efea6efde
|
single
|
Hypolipidemic agents act on
|
HMG CoA reductase
Hypolipidemic drugs (statins) inhibit HMG-CoA reductase
| 3 |
HMG CoA synthetase
|
HMG CoA oxygenase
|
HMG CoA reductase
|
HMG CoA hydratase
|
Biochemistry
| null |
fcfe3c8c-d0c1-42ab-b174-81474ceb7602
|
single
|
True in Pancreas trauma
|
pancreas is retroperitoneal. So if it is injured there will be concomitant injury of other viscera.A rise in serum amylase occurs in most cases.Operation is indicated if there is disruption of the main pancreatic duct.Penetrating trauma to upper abdomen or the back carries a higher risk Bailey & Love ,26th edition,1125 .
| 4 |
Solitary involvement common
|
Blunt injury usual cause
|
Always surgery needed
|
Amylase in 90% cases
|
Surgery
|
G.I.T
|
cf9fb391-c4b9-44aa-993f-175f56141ab6
|
multi
|
A testicular tumor in a man aged 60 years is; most likely to be -
|
"Lymphoma is the most common testicular tumor in a patient over the age of 50 and is the most common secondary neoplasm of the testis" - Smith's Urology
| 4 |
Germ cell tumor
|
Sertoli cell tumor
|
Teratocarcinoma
|
Lymphoma
|
Surgery
| null |
b9b52701-7cd6-41e7-a6b4-64b03758aecf
|
single
|
Treatment of supraventricular tachycardia with hypotension in a patient under general anaesthesia, inludes all of the following treatments, EXCEPT:
|
When the patient is hemodynamically unstable DC shock can be given, adenosine is also safe if the patient has no history of asthma and has no AV block. Carotid sinus massage is also effective in most cases. If the patient has no hypotension, verapamil can be given if the patient is stable. But in this case it may aggravate the hypotension and depress ventricular function since the anesthetic itself may cause myocardial depression. Ref: Emergency Management of The Pediatric Patient: Cases, Algorithms, Evidence By Kimball A. Prentiss, Page17 ; Clinical Manual of Emergency Pediatrics By Ellen F. Crain, 5th Edition, Page 44 ; In A Page Medicine By Scott Kahan, 2nd Edition, Pages 37-39
| 4 |
Carotid sinus massage
|
Adenosine 3-12 mg IV
|
Direct current cardioversion
|
Verapamil 5 mg IV
|
Anaesthesia
| null |
351fd3dd-58da-40d7-a214-6025684ff8e2
|
multi
|
Black foot disease is caused by -
|
Arsenic Mechanism of Action * Arsenic reversibly combines with sulphydrl enzymes. It blocks Krebs cycle and interrupts oxidative phosphorylation causing depletion of ATP and death of cell. * It also inhibits transformation of thiamine into acetyl CoA and Succinyl -CoA resulting in thiamine deficiency. * It replaces the phosphorus in the bones * Arsenic is incorporated into hair, nails and skin. * It causes increased permeability of small blood vessels with inflammation and necrosis of intestinal mucosa thus causing manifestation of hemorrhagic gastroenteritis. Clinical Features Acute poisoning A patient with acute arsenic consumption may present in 1. Fulminant type: collapse and circulatory failure 2. Gastroenteritis type-constriction of throat,difficulty in swallowing,rice water stools,hepatic fatty infiltration,headache,veigo,hypehermia 3. Narcotic form * Metallic taste * Garlicky odour * Nausea and vomiting * Colicky abdominal pain * Profuse diarrhea resembling rice water stool of cholera. * Circulatory failure * Intense thirst * Oliguria * Uremia * Ventricular tachycardia * Headache * Veigo * Tremors * Convulsions * Formication * Delirium * Tenderness in muscle * Paralysis * Hyperpyrexia * QT prolongation, tachyarrhythmia including torsades de pointes may develop within first 24 hours after ingestion. Chronic Arsenic Poisoning Skin - generalized or localized fine mottled pigmentation of skin (Rain drop pigmentation) Nails - become brittle and show Mees' line. Mees' line are white transverse lines over nails Hairs - dry and may fall off; patchy or diffuse alopecia Arsenic dust - flexor eczema, painless perforationof nasal septum. Liver enlarged (hepatomegaly) and cirrhotic Weakness of muscle and atrophy - extensor muscles more commonly affected resulting in wrist drop and foot drop CNS-polyneuritis,optic neuritis Eyes-congestion,watering of eyes,photophobia GIT-cirrhosis of liver,nausea,vomiting,abd cramp,diarrhoea,salivation CVS-cardiac failure,dependent edema Hematologic-* Leukopenia * Thrombocytopenia * Mild eosinophilia * Karyorrhexis - manifested by bizarre nuclear forms * Megaloblastic anemia * Basophilic stippling RS-cough,hemoptysis REF;THE SYNOPSIS OF FORENSIC MEDICINE:KS NARAYANA REDDY;28th EDITION;PAGE NO 305
| 1 |
Arsenic
|
Cadmium
|
Lead
|
Mercury
|
Forensic Medicine
|
Poisoning
|
5306ea57-6977-4fa3-b263-264a43c78b65
|
single
|
Proteins are linear polymers of amino acids. They
fold into compact structures. Sometimes, these folded structures associate to form homo-or hetero¬dimers. Which one of the following refers to this associated form?
| null | 4 |
Denatured state
|
Molecular aggregation
|
Precipitation
|
Quaternary structure
|
Biochemistry
| null |
53eca7a4-a3f7-4914-a746-b50ebcbf3a10
|
single
|
All of the following statements regarding `prevalence' are true except -
|
Ans. is 'a' i.e., It is rate Prevalence is a propoion o Most commonly used measure of prevalence is point prevalence. No. of all current cases (old & New) Point prevalence -________________________________ x 100 Estimated population at the same time o It has following features : ? i) Numerator (no. of all cases) is pa of denominator (total population, including cases). ii) Time interval is not specified iii) Multiplier is 100. o All are features of propoion (see above explantion). About option 'b' o Option b is paially correct, because propoion is a specific type of ratio. Also know o Read following statements of Park ? "CFR is simply the ratio of deaths to cases" - Park "Although referred to as a rate, prevalence rate is really a ratio" - Park o According to Park, both CFR and prevalence are ratio. o These statements are paially correct because CFR and prevalence are propoion and propoion is a specific type of ratio. o So, keep following points about CFR & Prevalence in your mind. i) CFR and prevalence are propoion. ii) Numerator is a pa of denominator. iii) Time period is not specified. iv) Multiplier is 100 v) if none of the above 4 are provided in options and ratio is there amongst the options, then ratio will be the best answer.
| 1 |
It is rate
|
It is ratio
|
Duration of disease effects 'prevalence'
|
None
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
| null |
9a02cba2-ea6d-4800-b7d1-c4fc86975827
|
multi
|
Mosquitoes whose larvae lie horizontal on water and thus rest parallel to surface of water:
|
Ans. b (Anopheles). (Ref. Park's textbook of PSM 22nd/ pg. 718)Bite of female anopheles is the most common mode of transmission.There are 4 stages in the life history of mosquitoes:Egg (1-2 days)number, shape, and lateral floatsLarva (5-7 days)siphon tube and palmate hairPupa (1-2 days)siphon tubeAdult (7-10 days)wings and palpiUnder favorable conditions of temperature and food supply, life cycle from egg to adult takes 7-10 days and normal adult mosquito lives for about 2 weeks.TRIBE GENUS ANOPHELINI/ANOPHELES CULICINI/CULEX, AEDES, MANSONIAEGGS1.Laid singly1.Laid in clusters or rafts containing 100-250 eggs (except aedes) 2.Boat shaped2.Oval shaped 3.Lateral floats +3.No lateral floatsLARVAE1.Rest horizontally i.e. parallel to surface of water1.Rest vertically i.e., suspended with head downwards at an angle to surface of water 2.No siphon tube2.Siphon tube present 3.Palmate hairs on abdominal segments3.No Palmate hairs on abdominal segmentsPUPAE1.Broad and short siphon tube1.Narrow and long siphon tubeADULTS1.At rest inclined at an angle to surface1.At rest, the body exhibits a hunch back 2.Spotted wings2.Un-spotted wings 3.Palpi long in both sexes3.Palpi short in females
| 2 |
Aedes
|
Anopheles
|
Culex
|
Mansonides
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
|
Communicable Diseases
|
4efd65c8-6b53-4abd-8d8f-195f73c84833
|
multi
|
Population attributable risk is defined as:-
|
Population Attributable Risk (PAR) It is the incidence of disease (or death) in total population minus incidence of disease (or death) among those who were not exposed to suspected causal factor. It is useful as it provides an estimation of amount by which incidence of disease could be reduced in that population if the suspected factor was eliminated or modified. PAR is useful for National health programmes and policies.
| 3 |
Incidence of disease among exposed is so many times higher as compared to that among non-exposed
|
So much disease can be attributed to exposure
|
If risk factor is modified or eliminated, there will be so much annual reduction in incidence of disease in the given population
|
None of the above
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
|
Epidemiology
|
89bf3412-de3e-4e4e-aa03-100d5387ce11
|
multi
|
Symbolic stripped 'Y' classification for cleft Lip and palate was given by
| null | 2 |
Veou
|
Kernahan
|
Jackson
|
Edward H. Angle
|
Surgery
| null |
eae9e7f3-4a30-4c5e-9146-097acda09461
|
single
|
Marker for granulosa cell tumor;
|
<p> - inhibin B is a peptide growth factor secreted by granulosa cells. - it is a measure of diminished ovarian reserve. - inhibin B is elevated in granulosa cell tumors. Reference : textbook of gynaecology Sheila balakrishnan, 2nd edition, pg no: 135 <\p>
| 3 |
CA 19-9
|
CA 50
|
Inhibin
|
Teratoma
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
|
Gynaecological oncology
|
840609a5-b36b-400f-9cdb-c630411d3da0
|
single
|
Diabetes mellitus can lead to -
|
All of the above are correct answers Diabetes leads to Diabetic retinopathy which is classified into two stages Non-proliferative DR Proliferative DR Which cause retinal vascular micro aneurysm, blot hemorrhages , cotton wool spots Neovascularisation, retinal detachment , rubeosisiridis and neovascular glaucoma Cranial nerves 4, 6 & 7 are also involved Ref Harrison 17/e p2287 Parson p238, 171
| 1 |
Cataract
|
Rubeosis iridis
|
Retinal detachement
|
IH,IV,andVInervespalsy
|
Medicine
|
Endocrinology
|
2ed18d73-22e6-49c9-922b-4c77c143d322
|
single
|
All of the following state ments of Laryngomalacla true excet,
| null | 4 |
It is the most common congenital anomaly of larynx
|
Associated with omega shaped larynk
|
Shidor increased on crying and relieved on lying phone
|
Surgical Tracheostomy is treatment of choice
|
ENT
| null |
0ba9b9c0-9342-4c24-aec8-79fd1e8ea125
|
multi
|
What is the name of the incision given below?
|
- The above image depicts Weber-Ferguson incision - It provides a wide access to all areas of the maxilla - It is used for tumors involving the maxilla extending superiorly into the orbit and/or involving the infra-orbital nerve.
| 3 |
Lazy 'S' incision
|
Modified Blaire's
|
Weber-Ferguson incision
|
Sistrunk incision
|
Surgery
|
Oral cavity
|
9a92dae4-037e-4eb1-9786-11e0a0f6e245
|
single
|
All of the following help in opsonisation except:
|
Chemicals causing opsonisation are called opsonins. These are:
C3b.
Fc fragment of antibody or IgG.
Some serum proteins (like fibrinogen, mannose binding lectin and C reactive protein)
| 4 |
IgG
|
Lectin
|
C reactive protein
|
None of the above
|
Pathology
| null |
41a4564a-db57-47d8-82a9-7952de6275d8
|
multi
|
Borderline personality refers is characterized by?
|
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Unstable and intense interpersonal relationship Borderline personality disorder* The central feature of borderline personality disorder is a pervasive pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationship, self perception and mood.* The patient make recurrent suicidal threats and gesture and a small proportion of patients carry out the act or self mutilation like cutting or burning.* The patients have difficulty in controlling their anger and impulsitivity.* There is uncertainty about personal identity.About other options* Violation of the rules - Antisocial (Dissocial) personality disorder* Grandiose - Narcissistic personality disorder* Attention seeking behavior - Histrionic personality disorder
| 1 |
Unstable and intense interpersonal relationship
|
Violation of the rules
|
Grandiose
|
Attention seeking behavior
|
Psychiatry
|
Personality Disorders
|
f3ee9668-e8fb-4e47-a0c1-e83a98c8e031
|
single
|
Space of Disse is seen in-
|
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Liver Histology of the Livero Liver is covered by Glisson's capsule.o Liver is divided into hexagonal lobules oriented around the terminal tributaries of the hepatic vein (Terminal hepatic veins), i.e. Terminal hepatic vein is in the centre of the lobule and area around the hepatic vein is called centriJobular zone.o At peripheri of lobule, lies the portal tract containing hepatic artery, bile duct and portal vein. Area around portal tract is called periportal zone.o Area between periportal zone and centrilobular zone is called midzonal area,o All around the central vein are the major parenchymal cells, i.e. hepatocytes.o Lobule contains sinusoid (sinusoidal capillaries) which have fenestrated endothelium covering the subendothelial space of Disse. This space contains stellate cell processes and hepatocellular microvilli,o Other important cells of liver are Kupffer cells, which belong to monocytic-macrophage sytem and function as phagocytic cells.
| 2 |
Spleen
|
Liver
|
Lung
|
Heart
|
Anatomy
|
Digestive System (Histology)
|
ab3d9779-3818-49b5-b981-497005484fe7
|
single
|
Prostatic venous plexus, communicates with all EXCEPT
|
(External iliac vein) (373-BDC-2 4th) (381-Snell 7th)Prostatic venous plexus - which is between the capsule of the prostate and the fibrous sheath* The prostatic plexus receives the deep dorsal vein of the penis and numerous vesical veins and drains into the internal iliac veins (381-Snell)* The plexus communicates with the vesical plexus and with the internal pudendal vein, and drains into the vesical and internal iliac veins. Valveless communications exist between the prostatic and vertebral venous plexus through which prostatic carcinoma can spread to the vertebral column and to the skull (373-BDC-2)
| 2 |
Internal iliac vein
|
External iliac vein
|
Vesical plexus
|
Vertebral venous plexus
|
Anatomy
|
Abdomen & Pelvis
|
aee78005-efb1-4e03-9a42-8526f7507244
|
multi
|
Drug implicated for prolongation of QT interval in a premature baby is -
|
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Cisapride Cisapride inhibits the delayed rectifying IC- channels in hea and can cause prolongation of QT interval. o Drugs inhibiting CYP3A4 enzyme can precipitate Torsaes DePointes, Caused by cisapride eg; clarithromycin, erythromycin, cyclosporine, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, Nefazodone, Ritonavir, Fluvoxamine.
| 3 |
Domperidone
|
Metoclopramide
|
Cisapride
|
Omeprazole
|
Pharmacology
| null |
4c5bba2b-9b70-46be-87b1-46b5e85cef4c
|
single
|
Which of the following is suggestive of Acute renal failure?
|
Renal indices in AKI The FeNa is the fraction of the filtered sodium load that is reabsorbed by the tubules, and is a measure of both the kidney's ability to reabsorb sodium as well as endogenously and exogenously administered factors that affect tubular reabsorption. As such, it depends on sodium intake, effective intravascular volume, GFR, diuretic intake, and intact tubular reabsorptive mechanisms. With prerenal azotemia, the FeNa may be <1%, suggesting avid tubular sodium reabsorption. In patients with CKD, a FeNa significantly >1% can be present despite a superimposed prerenal state. The FeNa may also be >1% despite hypovolemia due to treatment with diuretics. Low FeNa is often seen early in glomerulonephritis and other disorders and, hence, should not be taken as prima facie evidence of prerenal azotemia. Low FeNa is therefore suggestive, but not synonymous, with effective intravascular volume depletion, and should not be used as the sole guide for volume management. The response of urine output to crystalloid or colloid fluid administration may be both diagnostic and therapeutic in prerenal azotemia. In ischemic AKI, the FeNa is frequently >1% because of tubular injury and resultant inability to reabsorb sodium. Several causes of ischemia-associated and nephrotoxin-associated AKI can present with FeNa <1%, however, including sepsis (often early in the course), rhabdomyolysis, and contrast nephropathy ref - Harrison's 20e pg 2107
| 1 |
FENa<1
|
Renal Failure index <1
|
Blood urea nitrogen/cr ratio<20
|
Urine osmolality >1.010
|
Medicine
|
All India exam
|
aa1a685e-ff65-40bf-8b4f-3b96ede303db
|
single
|
Stem cells are taken from ?
|
Stem cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells. They are present in bone marrow of adults. Basic Pathology, Robbins. Page no.:60
| 2 |
Skin
|
Bone marrow
|
Oral mucosa
|
Elementary tract
|
Pathology
|
General pathology
|
e9da2122-be5e-4438-a9ed-3eaa4546d84c
|
single
|
Chlorination of water is which level of prevention -
|
Chlorine kills pathogenic bacteria but has no effect on spores and ceain viruses (e.g., polio, hepatitis) except in high doses It oxidises iron, manganese, it controls algae and slime organisms and aids coagulation. Disinfecting action of chlorine is mainly due to hypochlorous acid. Primary prevention is the action taken prior to the onset of the disease which removes the possibility of occurrence of disease. It includes sanitation, infection control, immunization, protection of food, milk, water supplies. The proper treatment of water by chlorination helps in infection control hence its a mode of primary prevention. Parks textbook of preventive and social medicine.K Park. Edition 25.page no:774
| 1 |
Primary
|
Secondary
|
Teiary
|
None
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
|
Environment and health
|
41ae3361-0181-4590-8743-6945547f09aa
|
multi
|
Most commonly paraneoplastic syndromes are associated with -
|
Harshmohan textbook of pathology 7th edition para neoplastic syndrome are a group of conditions developing in patients with advanced cancer which are neither explained by direct and distant spread of the tumor nor by the usual hormone elaboration by the tissues of origin of tumors. Cushing syndrome in about 10% patients of small cell carcinoma of the lung elaborate ACTH orACTH like substance..
| 2 |
Bronchial carcinoid
|
Small cell carcinoma
|
Broncho-alveolar carcinoma
|
Bronchial adenoracinoma
|
Pathology
|
General pathology
|
3f681d53-b15c-4283-9615-834a81499844
|
multi
|
A child sta Jumping at the age of ________
|
Emerging patterns of motor behaviour from 1-5years of age 15 months Walks alone Crawls upstairs 18 months Runs stiffly Sits on small Chair Walks upstairs with one handheld Explores drawers and wastebaskets 24 months Runs well Walks up and downstairs, 1 step at a time Opens doors Climbs on furniture Jumps 30 months Goes upstairs on Alternating feet 36 months Rides a tricycle Stands momentarily on one foot 48 months Hops on one foot Throws ball overhand Uses scissors to cut out pictures Climbs well 60 months Skips Ref: Nelson paediatrics; Table 11-1
| 2 |
18 months
|
24 months
|
30 months
|
36 months
|
Pediatrics
|
Growth and development
|
edb04d66-ec61-4aed-86a9-77a67c929e9f
|
single
|
Which of the finding is not found in hypothyroidism?
|
Hypothyroidism may be an underlying cause of elevated cholesterol levels, and thyroid replacement therapy can reverse this finding. Laboratory findings in hypothyroidism may include increased skeletal muscle-associated isoenzymes like creatine phosphokinase and lactic dehydrogenase, elevated total and LDL cholesterol, lipoprotein (a) levels, triglycerides, hyperprolactinemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, and normocytic or macrocytic anemia. Serum triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations also decline, but are not frankly low until hypothyroidism is severe due to compensatory increase in thyroidal T3 secretion and hepatic T4-T3 conversion. Serum TSH can be elevated. Ref: Werner & Ingbar's The Thyroid: A Fundamental and Clinical Text By Lewis E. Braverman, David Cooper, 2012, Page 607; Harrison's 17th ed chapter 337 (Table 335-5) ; CURRENT Medical Diagnosis and treatment Chapter 26. Endocrine Disorders.
| 3 |
Low T3
|
High triglycerides
|
Low cholesterol
|
High TSH
|
Medicine
| null |
6b7e7d20-7ced-42d0-9be4-612de8a05670
|
single
|
Resistance to chloroquine is common among strains of
|
(A) Plasmodium falciparum
| 1 |
Plasmodium falciparum
|
Plasmodium vivax
|
Plasmodium malariae
|
Plasmodium ovale
|
Medicine
|
Miscellaneous
|
ea49997a-8fab-4f2b-8892-24d9d9493866
|
single
|
Which of the following is a functional investigation:
|
Ans. (d) PET scan* Positron emission tomography (PET) is a nuclearmedical imaging modality that produces a three-dimensional image of functional processes in the body* The most common indication for a PET scan is to detect cancer metastasis.* The technique operates on the principle of detecting gamma rays emitted indirectly by a positron-emitting radionuclide (tracer).* Three dimensional imaging is done with the aid of a CT X-ray scan performed on the patient during the same session.* The biologically active molecule chosen for PET is FDG (18-Fluoro deoxy glucose), an analogue of glucose, the concentrations of tracer imaged will indicate tissue metabolic activity by virtue of the regional glucose uptake.* ALSO REMEMBER: Functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI (fMRI) is an imaging procedure that measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood flow. This technique relies on the fact that cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are coupled.
| 4 |
CT scan
|
MRI
|
USG
|
PET scan
|
Radiology
|
Nuclear Medicine
|
62f74e2e-e87d-47d9-beb8-fe69ef4a1dfa
|
single
|
Damage to which of the following nerve result in winging of scapula?
|
Long thoracic nerve branches from the C5-C7 roots. It descends posteriorly to the roots of the plexus and the axillary aery and along the lateral surface of the serratus anterior muscle, with the lateral thoracic aery. It is one of the few nerves found superficial to the serratus anterior muscle. Damage to this nerve cause winging of the scapula.
| 2 |
Dorsal scapular nerve
|
Long thoracic nerve
|
Suprascapular nerve
|
Nerve to the subclavius
|
Anatomy
| null |
41a49667-5c6a-4bb0-b281-53b5ec1cf2ad
|
single
|
Enzyme deficiency in Galactosemia:
|
Ans. A. Galactose 1 Phosphate uridyl transferase(Ref: Harper 31/e page 191)Classic galactosemia due to Galactose 1 Phosphate uridyl transferase is most common cause of galactosemia enzyme deficiencyGalactose 1 Phosphate uridyl transferase (Classic Galactosemia)GalactokinaseUDP Hexose 4 Epimerase
| 1 |
Galactose 1 phosphate uridyl transferase
|
Aldolase B
|
UDP galactose 4 epimerase
|
Fructokinase
|
Biochemistry
|
Carbohydrates
|
5337a541-6e48-4bf3-883e-b2ad27f40bc0
|
single
|
A 6 year old child from Tamil Nadu presents with a solitary nonanaesthetic patch on face, the possible diagnosis is –
| null | 2 |
Pityriasis alba
|
Indeterminate leprosy
|
Pityriasis versicolor
|
Tinea infection
|
Dental
| null |
3f3d386e-dcba-42b7-b2a4-a3b908dc1a2d
|
single
|
Which of the following diseases is a lysosomal storage disease that is associated with the synthesis of abnormal myelin?
|
Metachromatic leukodystrophy is a lysosomal storage disease associated with the synthesis of abnormal myelin. The term leukodystrophy refers to the abnormality in myelin synthesis. Metachromatic leukodystrophy is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by an arylsulfatase. A deficiency, leading to the accumulation of sulfatides in lysosomes that stain positively with periodic acid-Schiff stain and various metachromatic stains. The clinical findings include various visceral lesions, mental retardation, peripheral neuropathy, and abnormal myelination in the central nervous system associated with reactive gliosis. It is diagnosed by the absence of arylsulfatase A in the urine.
Tay-Sachs disease is an autosomal recessive GM2 gangliosidosis characterized by a hexosaminidase ( subunit) deficiency and an accumulation of GM2 ganglioside in lysosomes. It is commonly found in Ashkenazi Jews, in which there is a 1 in 30 carrier rate. The patients are normal at birth but develop abnormalities by 6 months of age, including severe mental retardation, blindness (cherry red spot in the macula), and muscle flaccidity. The lipid has a whorled configuration in lysosomes when viewed by electron microscopy. It is a uniformly fatal disease.
Niemann-Pick disease is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease associated with a sphingomyelinase deficiency and the accumulation of sphingomyelin in macrophages and neurons. The type A variant is most common. It is characterized by severe mental retardation, hepatosplenomegaly, deterioration of psychomotor function, and foamy macrophages. Zebra bodies are noted in the lysosomes when viewed by electron microscopy. The disease is fatal in early life.
| 3 |
Tay-Sachs disease
|
Niemann-Pick disease
|
Metachromatic leukodystrophy
|
Hurler disease
|
Unknown
| null |
9b4b0ef8-55b0-4bca-8541-6abb87cad36c
|
single
|
Protein involved in Alzheimer's disease :
|
A i.e. Apo E gene
| 1 |
Apo E gene
|
Presel in - II
|
Amyloid poion
|
All
|
Psychiatry
| null |
6cd3acc5-94f3-4925-a542-f7e2c7349985
|
multi
|
Gastric lymph node station no 5:
|
Ans. (a) SuprapyloricRef: Sabiston 19th Edition, Page 1210Author's advice: Lymph node stations are too much for PG entrance level. It's an extra edge for institute exam preparationThose who are preparing for AIIMS/PGI can have an idea given below:* There are totally 16 Lymph node stations for cancer stomach* Level 1 nodes (N1): Perigastric Nodes* Level 2 nodes (N2): Removal of nodes along major vessels near stomach* Level 3 nodes (N3): Distant Nodes inside abdomen* D1 Gastrectomy: Removal of all level 1 nodes* D2 Gastrectomy: Removal of all nodes in Level 1 and level 2. This is the ideal treatment for gastric cancer as per latest NCCN guidelines.Nodal StationsLevel 1Level 2Level 31. Right gastric2. Left gastric3. Along lesser curve4. Along greater curve5. Supra pyloric6. Infrapyloric7. Left gastric artery8. Common hepatic Artery9. Celiac trunk10. Splenic Hilum11. Splenic Vessels12. Hepato duodenal13. Retropancreatic14. SM vessels15. Retrocolic16. Paraaortic
| 1 |
Supra pyloric
|
Splenic hilum
|
Lesser curvature
|
Greater curvature
|
Surgery
|
Stomach & Duodenum
|
1167be4b-83cf-47be-9a92-9b70c3145fa7
|
single
|
Which of the following drug causes sedation but no extra pyramidal side effect:
| null | 1 |
Clozapine
|
Pimozide
|
Fluphenazine
|
Haloperidol
|
Pharmacology
| null |
1c88b9fe-3dfc-4ef6-af9b-92cbb0f13e96
|
single
|
Most common cause of Cushing syndrome is
|
Steroid supplementation is the most common cause of question syndrome.
| 3 |
Pituitary tumor
|
Ectopic ACTH producing tumor
|
Steroid supplementation
|
Adrenal tumor
|
Medicine
| null |
3a58b809-d6cf-4109-ac1f-2b4b627c3bba
|
single
|
A 21 years old woman has 3 cm node in the lower deep cervical chain on the left. The biopsy is interpreted as revealing normal thyroid tissue in a lymph node. The most likely diagnosis is
|
. Thyroid tissue present in cervical lymph nodes in the face of a clinically normal thyroid gland is a metastasis from an occult primary thyroid carcinoma Occasionally, a metastatic papillary thyroid cancer manifests as a painless lateral neck mass that is clinically detected before detecting the primary thyroid lesion. Sabiston 20th edition pg 926
| 2 |
Subacute thyroiditis
|
Papillary carcinoma thyroid
|
Hashimoto's disease
|
Lateral aberrant thyroid
|
Surgery
|
Endocrinology and breast
|
120338f9-1d30-45b3-9ef0-d4e3963d5cd0
|
single
|
Which of the following drug is commonly used for narco analysis
|
Refer psychiatry and law 447 Controlled administration of intravenous hypnotics to obtain information from subject who are unable or unwilling to provide it otherwise, known as narcoanalysis or narcosynthesis Drugs used for narcoanalysis are: Ethanol Scopolamine Temazepam Barbiturates like thiopentone and amobarbitol These drugs are also known as truth drug or truth serum Phenobarbitine is not used ,rather amobarbitol is used for narcoanalysis
| 2 |
Atropine sulfate
|
Scopolamine hydrochloride
|
Phenobarbitone
|
Morphine
|
Pharmacology
|
Autonomic nervous system
|
f7c59866-e324-40ef-807a-96e202cfcc36
|
single
|
Lining of gallbladder mucosa is -
|
Ans. is 'c'i.e., Simple columnar with brush border o Linining of gall-bladder is columnar epithelium with brush border (irregularly placed microvilli).Types of epitheliumTissue or organSimple squamousLung alveoliMesothelium lining serous surfaces Endocardium and endothelium Loop of henle in nephronKeratinized stratified squamousEpidermis of skin Duct of sebaceous glandNon keratinized stratified squamousTongue, tonsil, pharynx, esophagusCorneaVaginaSimple columnar epithelium (without cilia and microvilli)Lining of stomach and large intestine Cervical canalColumnar epithelium with striated border (regularly arranged microvilli)Lining of small intestineColumnar epithelium with brush border (Irregularly placed microvilli)Gall bladderCiliated columnar epithelium(cilia on surface for propulsion of fluid)Uterus and fallopian tubesEustachian tubeCentral canal of spinal cord and ventricles of brainRespiratory epitheliumSecretory columnar epithelium (with goblet cells)Stomach and intestinesTrachea and bronchiPseudostratified columnar epitheliumOlfactory epitheliumTracheaEustachian tubeVas + deferensUrethraCuboidal epitheliumDucts of glandsThyroid folliclesOvarian surface epitheliumTransitional epithelium (Urothelium)Renal pelvis, calyces, ureter, urinary bladder and part of urethra
| 3 |
Squamous
|
Simple columnar
|
Simple columnar with brush border
|
Cuboidal with Stereocilia
|
Anatomy
|
Hepatobiliary System
|
db5a0d2a-02ce-4b85-9d8e-d68ae8b06b0b
|
multi
|
Non-gonococcal urethritis is caused by:
| null | 1 |
Chlamydia
|
LGV
|
Syphilis
|
Gardnerella vaginalis
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
| null |
acd29898-8bfc-48a0-934c-68abd302653c
|
single
|
Isotope Renogram -
| null | 4 |
Study of renin mechanism
|
Contrast study of kidneys, ureter and bladder
|
Utilised in mapping the anatomy of kidneys
|
Graphic representation of radioactivity of kidneys
|
Surgery
| null |
53e6c504-1ad8-4743-b8d4-11fe00bc109d
|
single
|
Findings in familial hypercholesterolemia: (PGI Dec 2007)
|
Ans.: C (|Total cholesterol) # Familial hypercholesterolemia is a autosomal codominant disorder characterized by elevated LDL - C with normal triglyceride,, tendon xanthomas and premature atherosclerosis- Harrison 17th/1720# Type 11 hyperlipoproteinemias is also known as familial hypercholesterolemiaChaterjea & Shinde 7th/424Table (Harrison): Frederickson Classification of HyperlipoproteinemiasPhenotypeIIIaIIbIIIIVVLipoprotein, elevatedChylomicronsLDLLDL and VLDLChylomicron and VLDL remnantsVLDLChylomicrons and VLDLTriglyceridesQ++++--++++ to +++++++++Cholesterol+ to +++++++ to +++++ to +++++ to +++ to +++LDL-cholesterol||||||HDL-cholesterol+++++++++++++Plasma appearanceLactescentClearClearTurbidTurbidLactescentXanthomasEruptiveTendon, tuberousNonePalmar, tuberoeruptiveNoneEruptivePancreatitis+++0000+++Coronary atherosclerosis0++++++++++/-+/-Peripheral atherosclerosis0+++++/-+/_Molecular defectsLPL and apoC-IILDL receptor, ApoB- 100, PCSK9, ARH, ABCG5 and ABCG8UnknownApoEApoA-V and UnknownApoA-V and UnknownGenetic nomenclatureFCSFH, FDB, ADH, ARH. sitosteroiemiaFCHLFDBLFHTGFHTGNote: LPLr lipoprotein lipase; apo, apolipoprotein; FCS, familial chylomicronemia syndrome; FH. familial hypercholesterolemia; FD8, familial defective apoB; ARM, autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia; ADH, autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia; FCHL, familial combined hyperlipidemia; FDBL, familial dysbetalipoproteinemia; FHTG, familial hypertriglyceridemia
| 3 |
| HDL
|
| LDL
|
| total cholesterol
|
| HDL
|
Medicine
|
Disorder of Metabolism & Connective Tissue
|
98d8a0de-2520-4512-9364-fd90e047d775
|
single
|
Lesions of the medial temporal lobe may produce
|
Answer is A, B, C (Visual Amnesia, Auditory, Antigrade Amnesia): The medial temporal lobe is most characteristically associated with memory. Unilateral dominant lesions produce disorders of verbal memory (Auditory amnesia). Unilateral nondominant lobe lesions produce disorders of non verbal memory (visual amnesia) and bilateral lesions produce Antegrade amnesia.
| 4 |
Visual Amnesia
|
Auditory Amnesia
|
Antegrade Amnesia
|
All
|
Medicine
| null |
b5392f9d-1516-47f1-9aa9-09bb1b14c25f
|
multi
|
True about Toxoplasma gondii is, it is carried by -
| null | 1 |
Cats
|
Dogs
|
Rats
|
Cow
|
Microbiology
| null |
74de44ee-f025-445f-87e2-9ff27648732f
|
multi
|
The following statements are true about this condition except:
|
Peyronie's disease-. - Also known as penile fibromatosis - Chronic vasculitis involving tunica albuginea and presents with fibrous plaque over dorsolateral aspect of penis. - Penis is having characteristic curvature because of formation of fibrous plaque due to contraction therefore upward turning & PEYRONIE'S disease is a component of GALEZIA'S triad Treatment - >50% cases spontaneous resolution - observation + emotional suppo - If doesn't reduce we go for - NESBIT Operation by placement of Non-absorbable suture opposite to the plaque
| 2 |
Patient presents with complaints of painful erection
|
Condition affects adolescent males
|
Galezia's Triad is Dupuytren's contracture + Peyronie's disease + Retroperitoneal fibrosis
|
Nesbitt's operation is performed
|
Surgery
|
Urethra and penis
|
bcd330ca-b7c3-4807-8f57-36999d4e72d9
|
multi
|
Which is a DNA virus -
|
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Hepatitis BHepatitis B virus ( HBV)o Hepatitis B virus is the most widespread virus and the most important cause of viral hepatitis.o HBV belongs to Hepadna viridaeo HBV is hepadnavirus type-1o Hepatitis B is the only hepatitis virus which has DNA. All others are RNA viruses.o HBV contains two linear strands of DNA. One of the strands (the plus strand) is incomplete and other is complete (the minus strand) - Partially double stranded DNA.o HBV contains both DNA-dependent DNA polymerase and RNA dependent reverse transcriptase.o Instead of DNA replication directly from a DNA template, HBV relys on reverse transcription of minus strandDNA from a pregenomic RNA intermediate (like retrovirus).
| 2 |
Hepatitis A
|
Hepatitis B
|
Hepatitis C
|
Hepatitis D
|
Microbiology
|
Virology
|
2bc15dd3-3321-4026-9241-f1167a05636f
|
single
|
Which is not an indication for a classical cesarean incision?
|
Ans. D. Term breech (frank)Occasionally it is necessary to use a classical incision for delivery. Some indications are:a. Difficulty in exposing or safely entering the lower uterine segment because the bladder is densely adherent from previous surgery, a myoma occupies the lower uterine segment, or the cervix has been invaded by cancer.b. Transverse lie of a large fetus, especially if the membranes are ruptured and the shoulder is impacted in the birth canal. A fetus presenting as a back-down transverse lie may be particularly difficult to deliver through a transverse incision.c. Some cases of placenta previa with anterior implantation, especially in the case where the placenta has grown through a prior uterine incision (placenta percreta).d. Certain cases in which the fetus is very small, especially if breech, and the lower uterine segment is not thinned out.e. Massive maternal obesity precluding safe to the lower uterine segment.
| 4 |
Cannot visualize the lower uterine segment
|
Transverse lie
|
Premature breech
|
Term breech (frank)
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
|
Operative Obs
|
dfaa30dd-1fb9-4c1c-baf3-e293510ee0ae
|
single
|
Hyperplasia of smooth muscle of airway is seen in?
|
Asthma is a chronic Inflammatory disease of the airways. Repeated bouts of inflammation leads to structural changes in the bronchial wall collectively called as airway remodelling. These changes include hyperophy of bronchial smooth muscle and mucus glands and deposition of subepithelial collagen. Robbins basic pathology 9th edition page no 468 ref img
| 2 |
Emphysema
|
Asthama
|
Alvelor proteinosis
|
Bronchiectasis
|
Pathology
|
Breast
|
b8b4a4ae-f95f-4084-b626-19bd54360691
|
single
|
A 9 months old previously healthy infant was brought with complaints of fever of 12 hours' duration along with a running nose and an episode of generalized tonic clonic movements lasting for 34 minutes. Child was brought to the emergency within 1 hour. Child was observed in the emergency and was found to be alert active and playful after the fever came down. The most probable diagnosis in this infant is:
|
Ans. A. Febrile ConvulsionsFebrile convulsions are the commonest provoked seizures affecting 3-5% children. They are defined as seizures. During fever occurring between 6 months and 5 yr. age in the absence of infection of the central nervous system in a neurologically normal child. Febrile seizures are frequently genetically determined. The convulsions are not related to the degree of temperature, but are frequent if temperature rises abruptly. Febrile convulsions may be (i) simple, benign; or (ii) atypical, complex. Lumbar puncture should be performed in the first episode of febrile seizure, in infants below 1 yr who are not immunized with Hib and pneumococcal vaccine, In all patients with febrile convulsions, a lumbar puncture is not required routinely. EEG and neuroimaging have no role in febrile seizures.
| 1 |
Febrile convulsions
|
Transient myoclonic epilepsy
|
Hypocalcemia
|
Hypernatremia
|
Pediatrics
|
Central Nervous System
|
416bc39a-0867-46e5-ba99-5fd5746afd3e
|
single
|
False about Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
|
Central / Proximal bronchiectasis is a Primary diagnostic Criteria.
| 4 |
Aspergillus fumigatus is M/C cause
|
History of asthma
|
Elevated serum IgE levels
|
Distal bronchiectasis is primary diagnostic Criteria
|
Medicine
| null |
dfc7a19e-d2c5-401e-9e12-47317f6e7fd3
|
multi
|
Aerial blood 02 in ml of 02 per dL:
|
B i.e. 19.8
| 2 |
12.1
|
19.8
|
15.6
|
27.8
|
Physiology
| null |
82391870-d198-4d0f-867e-82c91983d5eb
|
single
|
Living cells require which of the following as a component of ATP, NAD, NADP and flavins
|
The vital role of inorganic phosphate, ADP, ATP, and NAD(H), and ultimately identified the phosphorylated sugars and the chemical reactions and enzymes (Gk "in yeast") that conve glucose to pyruvate (glycolysis) or to ethanol and CO2 (fermentation).Subsequent research in the 1930s and 1940s identified the intermediates of the citric acid cycle and of urea biosynthesis and provided insight into the essential roles of ceain vitamin-derived cofactors or "coenzymes" such as thiamin pyrophosphate, riboflavin, and ultimately coenzyme A, coenzyme Q, and cobamide coenzymesRef: Harper&;s biochemistry, 30th edition, page no: 3
| 3 |
Organic sulfar
|
Magnesium ion
|
Inorganic phosphates
|
Ferrous ion
|
Biochemistry
|
Respiratory chain
|
9909454a-be8e-4aaf-8194-2c90b0a1110e
|
single
|
Elephantiasis neuromatosa is a feature of
| null | 1 |
Von Recklinghausen's disease
|
Neurilemmoma
|
Paraganglioma
|
Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome
|
Pathology
| null |
856f8d9b-da1a-475e-9aaa-477a51c12bb0
|
single
|
Accessory renal aeries are A/E
|
D i.e. Very rare occurancePresence of accessory (supernumerary) renal aeries is the most common renal vascular anomalyQ. It is two times more common than supernumerary renal veins.
| 4 |
End aeries
|
Vascular anomaly
|
2-4 in number
|
Very rare occurance
|
Anatomy
| null |
fb861a75-811c-4b02-8939-33b9d61857c2
|
single
|
The highest concentration of cystine can be found in?
|
Keratins are a type of intermediate filament that comprises a large poion of many epithelial cells. The characteristics of skin, nails, and hair are all due to keratins. Keratins contain a large amount of the disulfide amino acid cystine. Approximately 14% of the protein composing human hair is cystine. This is the chemical basis of depilatory creams, which are reducing agents that render keratins soluble by breaking the disulfide bridges of these insoluble proteins. The basic structure of intermediate filament proteins is a two- or three-stranded a-helical core 300 amino acids in length. Note: Cystine storage disease: Defective carrier-mediated transpo of cystine results in cystinosis with deposition of cystine crystals in tissues and early moality from acute renal failure. Ref: Rodwell V.W. (2011). Chapter 29. Catabolism of the Carbon Skeletons of Amino Acids. In D.A. Bender, K.M. Botham, P.A. Weil, P.J. Kennelly, R.K. Murray, V.W. Rodwell (Eds), Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry, 29e.
| 4 |
Melanin
|
Chondroitin sulfate
|
Myosin
|
Keratin
|
Biochemistry
| null |
3ed0f428-f8ae-43f2-9cd9-3c12c72e363f
|
single
|
Invertor of foot:
|
Ans. b (Tibialis posterior) (Ref. BDC Vol. II 4th/pg. -156)# Tibialis anterior and Tibialis posterior are principal invertors of foot.# Peroneus longus and Peroneus brevis are principal evertors of foot.TIBIALIS POSTERIOROriginPosterior aspect of interosseous membrane, superior 2/3 of medial posterior surface of fibula, superior aspect of posterior surface of tibia, and from intermuscular and deep transverse septum.Insertion# Splits into two slips after passing inferior to plantar calcaneonavicular ligament# Superficial slip inserts on the tuberosity of the navicular bone and sometimes medial cuneiform.# Deeper slips insert on plantar surfaces of metatarsals 2-4 and second cuneiform.Actions# Principal invertor of foot,0# Adducts foot,# Plantar flexes ankle, and# Helps to supinate the foot.InnervationTibial nerve (L4, L5).Arterial SupplyMuscular branches of sural, peroneal and posterior tibial arteries.
| 2 |
Gastrocnemius
|
Tibialis posterior
|
Peroneus tertius
|
Peroneus longus
|
Anatomy
|
Foot
|
4df3665c-3506-4e17-8981-1d88dc307684
|
single
|
Dissociative anesthesia is seen with which drug:
|
Ans. A. KetamineKetamine is NMDA receptor antagonist, they are strong analgesic with no muscle relaxant property. It is used to create dissociative anesthesia in which patient dissociate from one own body.
| 1 |
Ketamine
|
Fentanyl
|
Propofol
|
Nitrous oxide
|
Pharmacology
|
Anaesthesia
|
78c294ad-120a-4ccd-b6f5-d3cedb23a292
|
single
|
The characteristic finding in a case of leprosy is -
| null | 2 |
Culture test is positive in 2-3 months in LT media
|
Long contact with tuberculoid leprosy can transmit the disease.
|
CMI is seen in Lepromatous leprosy
|
Macule lesion heals spontaneously
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
| null |
276c7609-83e6-4de2-98a1-add4eb410e0c
|
single
|
All of the following can occure as complications of fracture of the neck of femur except:
|
C i.e. Mal-union
| 3 |
Shoening
|
Non - union
|
Mal - union
|
Avascular necrosis
|
Surgery
| null |
1ffb69b7-c2f1-4161-bcac-2e564776fca0
|
multi
|
In a case of secondary amenorrhoea who fails to get withdrawal bleeding after taking estrogen and progesterone, the fault lies at the level of :
|
Endometrium
| 4 |
Pituitary
|
Hypothalamus
|
Ovary
|
Endometrium
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
| null |
45691886-c59a-4ff5-90be-40bd42d715e6
|
single
|
A 3 day child vomits everything he feeds, has a distened abdomen & diarrhoea. The urine is positive for benedicts test for reducing substance. The substance in urine is
|
Galactosemia caused by the deficiency of enzyme GALT(galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase).Patients appear normal at bih,but by 3-4 days of breast milk,/formula feeding,show life threatening disease with vomiting,diarrhoea,poor weight gain,hepatic and renal manifestations and cataract.In case if suspected galactosemia,the urine should be tested simultaneously with Benedict reagent and by glucose-oxidase method.A negative dipstick by glucose oxidase method with positive Benedict reaction indicates nonglucose reducing substances,like galactose. Reference:Essential pediatrics-Ghai,8th edition,page no:657.
| 3 |
Sucrose
|
Glucose
|
Galactose
|
Fructose
|
Pediatrics
|
Metabolic disorders
|
f8167db5-c3a6-4c2c-8e24-2e5666c3bbf0
|
single
|
Which of the following metabolic abnormality is seen in multiple myelona -
| null | 3 |
Hyponatremia
|
Hypokalemia
|
Hypercalcemia
|
Hyperphosphatemia
|
Pathology
| null |
2c94c587-ab2e-4f08-835d-17388be5ae06
|
single
|
Tumour lysis syndrome all occurs except -
| null | 2 |
Hyperkalemia
|
Hypercalcemia
|
Hyperuricemia
|
Hyperphosphatemias
|
Medicine
| null |
d411d082-1715-475c-bb1a-9c649bca9025
|
multi
|
Conditionally Essential amino acids are:
|
Conditionally Essential Amino Acids (CEAA): Non-essential amino acids may turn essential if their precursors are limited in the body. - Among given options Tyrosine (derived from Phenylalanine) and Cysteine (derived from methionine) are CEAA. - Other CEAA include Arginine Glutamine Taurine & Glycine.
| 3 |
Leucine & Lysine
|
Histidine & Arginine
|
Tyrosine & Cysteine
|
Phenylalanine & Tryptophan
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
|
Proteins, Fats, Rich Sources
|
9b0e5907-7b34-4ccb-ab99-3f85ec38b414
|
multi
|
Which of the following are features of pulmonary oxygen toxicity?
|
Ans. is 'd' i.e., All the above Prolonged inhalation of high concentration of 0, is known to damage the lungs. Pulmonary toxicity of 0, is related to the oxygen tension in alveoli. The pulmonary oxygen toxicity has the following features Increased capillary endothelial permeability causing accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space. Depression of mucociliary transpo function of airway Inhibition of phagocytosis of alveolar macrophages Changes in the surfactant activity and its production.
| 4 |
Increased capillary endothelial permeability
|
Decreased mucociliary transpo in airways
|
Inhibition of phagocytosis function of alveolar macrophages
|
All the above
|
Anaesthesia
| null |
eb5629af-11f2-44f0-b4f3-2a361d39942f
|
multi
|
\r\nWhich of the following heavy metal poisoning may cause colitis that resembles diptheritic colitis?
|
Mercury colitis may resemble diptheritic colitis. Ref: Environmental and Chemical Toxins and Psychiatric Illness By James S Brown, Page 162; The Journal of Experimental Medicine
| 3 |
Lead
|
Arsenic
|
Mercury
|
Copper
|
Forensic Medicine
| null |
f4a26f3e-857c-49b4-a004-4d4f1a81474e
|
single
|
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