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A diabetic patient in hypoglycemia does not regain consciousness despite blood glucose restoration to normal. Which one of the following is the not likely condition ?
|
Alcohol consumption causes an increase in insulin secretion, which leads to low blood sugar (otherwise known as hypoglycaemia). This causes light headedness and fatigue, and is also responsible for a host of longer-term alcohol-related health problems . REf - pubmed.com
| 2 |
Cerebral edema
|
Alcohol intoxication
|
Post-ictal state
|
Cerebral haemorrhage
|
Medicine
|
Endocrinology
|
27bf7f8a-98ae-468a-bd92-824f850a51ff
|
single
|
Which is the most common cause of acquired aeriovenous fistula?
|
Acquired aeriovenous fistulas are caused by aificial connections between adjacent aeries and veins. Penetrating injuries are the most common cause of acquired aeriovenous fistula. Other causes includes creating vascular access for hemodialysis, as complications of aerial catheterization or surgical dissection and rarely it can be caused by rupture of an aerial aneurysm into a vein. Ref: Bailey and Love Sho Practice of Surgery, 25th Edition, Page 596; Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th Edition, Chapter 249.
| 4 |
Blunt trauma
|
Fungal infection
|
Bacterial infection
|
Penetrating trauma
|
Surgery
| null |
17d6e2ce-8342-41d8-8390-a8ba69009cb6
|
single
|
Which of the following surgery for stress incontinence has highest success rate
|
TENSION FREE VAGINAL TAPE TVT has been designed from non reactive synthetic material Procedure: After exposing the region of the bladder neck on vaginal dissection, the hammock of the tape is placed underneath it to provide suppo, at the mid urethral level, the lateral extensions are brought out paraurethrally on to the skin at the level of pubic symphisis and the vaginal incision is closed. After adjusting the proper elevation of the bladder neck region the extra length of the lateral arms of the tape is cut out. Success rate of 88-90% is claimed at the end of 3 years. Ref: SHAW&;S TEXTBOOK OF GYNAECOLOGY; 15th edition; Pg no: 194
| 4 |
Bursch colposuspension
|
Pereyra sling
|
Kelly's stitch
|
Tension free vaginal tape (TVT)
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
|
Urogynecology
|
e6ac14d6-32b0-460d-8dc3-c17e887b88d0
|
single
|
Best suture for common bile duct is -
|
Ans. is 'c' i.e. Non-synthetic absorbable
| 3 |
Synthetic absorbable synthetic
|
Synthetic non-absorbable
|
Non-synthetic absorbable
|
Non-synthetic non-absorbable
|
Surgery
| null |
6e9b5556-0e80-43ea-b43b-61f9bc328d61
|
single
|
Na+ uptake at basolateral surface of apical cells is by
|
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Active transpo
| 1 |
Active transpo
|
Passive transpo
|
Diffusion
|
Osmosis
|
Physiology
| null |
18cfd27d-3bc5-4ad7-ac62-017a391f28dd
|
single
|
Spontaneous muscle bleeding is typically seen in:
|
Answer is A (Hemophilia) Spontaneous Hemahrosis and spontaneous muscle hematomas are charachteristic of moderate or severe congenital factor VIII or IX deficiency (Hemophilia). Spontaneous bleeding may also be seen in Afibrinogenemia, Von willebrand disease and Scott's syndrome (defect in platelet's activated surface that promotes thrombin formation), but it is most charachteristic (Hallmark) of Hemophillia or factor VIII & IX Deficiency. -
| 1 |
Hemophilia
|
Afibrinogenemia
|
Von Willebrand's disease
|
Scott's syndrome
|
Medicine
| null |
4a911971-ea7c-49e5-98db-793a4177bfcf
|
multi
|
Secondary oocyte contains -
|
Ans. is 'a'i.e., 23, X o OOGENESIS:
| 1 |
23, X
|
46, XY
|
46, XX
|
23, Y
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
|
The Ovarian Cycle
|
d327c1a8-889a-4d59-84ef-411331ed1010
|
single
|
Most common site of Implantation of tubal pregnancy is :
|
Ampulla
| 3 |
Interstitial poion of fallopian tube
|
Isthmus
|
Ampulla
|
Infundibulum
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
| null |
dd71abc7-6303-4982-8c1c-ec6ca1ad18bd
|
multi
|
Which of the following is not a fundamental aspect of Disaster management ?
|
There are three fundamental aspects of disaster management: (i) Disaster response; (ii) Disaster preparedness; (iii) Disaster mitigation.
| 3 |
Disaster response
|
Disaster mitigation
|
Disaster awakening
|
Disaster preparedness
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
| null |
7f468e06-6385-4e46-9f2b-952b9d495633
|
single
|
Lying between 2-4 years of age indicate:
|
Ans. b (Testing parenteral attitude). (Ref. Nelson, Textbook of Paediatrics, 18th/131)BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS in children (noted around 2-4 year age)# Include : Lying, Impulsiveness, Breathe holding, Decence and Temper tantrums.# Oppositionalism, temper tantrums, and breath holding spells are not unusual during the 1st years of life and are age- typical expressions of frustration or anger. Parental and caregiver response to these behaviors is very important.# Pharmacotherapy for aggression or disruptive and antisocial behavior is generally used as an adjunct to family-based therapy, parent training, or multisystemic therapy.Lying:# 2 - 4 year old children often use lying as a method of playing with language.# By observing reaction of parents preschoolers born about expectations for honesty in communicator.# It is also a form of fantasy for them.# In school goers lying is most often to cover up something that child does not want to accept in behavior.# Lie is also to protect against loss of self-esteem.# As with other antisocial behaviors, lying may be used as a method of rebellion.Tantrums:They are also prone to lose internal control, that is, to have temper tantrums. Fear, over-tiredness, inconsistent expectations, or physical discomfort can also evoke tantrums. Tantrums normally appear towards the end of the 1st yr of life and peak in prevalence between 2 and 4 yr of age. Tantrums lasting more than 15min or regularly occurring more than 3 times day may reflect underlying medical, emotional, or social problems.
| 2 |
Antisocial behaviour
|
Testing parenteral attitude
|
As an adventure
|
Oppositionalism
|
Pediatrics
|
Growth, Development, and Behavior
|
038e51ce-35c7-4f33-9061-254a295a534d
|
single
|
Blow out orbit is characterized by:
|
A i.e. Diplopia; B i.e. Tear drop sign; C i.e. Forced duction test Blow out fracture is fracture of orbital floor or medial wall Q. It presents with emphysema of lid, subconjunctival ecchymosis, diplopia & forced duction test Q (due to entrapment of muscle), epistaxis, proptosis, enopthalmos & parasthesia in distribution of inferior alveolar nerve. X ray shows tear drop or hanging drop sign Q
| 4 |
Diplopia
|
"Tear drop: sign
|
Forced duction test
|
All
|
Ophthalmology
| null |
4c405f98-ccc0-4d53-9db9-e1683d4fe64b
|
multi
|
Most common mutation in Alpo syndrome is in COL4A5, which is transmitted as -
|
The inheritance is heterogeneous, being most commonly X-linked as a result of mutation of the gene encoding a5 type IV collagen. Males, therefore, tend to be affected more frequently and more severely than females and are more likely to develop renal failure. Ref: Robbins book of pathology. 9th edition. Page 53 Alpo syndrome: EM is diagnostic and shows "basket weave appearance" of the GBM. Alpo syndrome: Hereditary nephritis Abnormal a3 (COL4A3), a4 (COL4A4), or a5 (COL4A5) chain of type IV collagen Hematuria with progression to chronic renal failure Nerve deafness Eye disorders Foamy cells in the interstitium. Ref: RAM DAS NAYAK EXAM PREPARATORY MANUAL FOR UNDERGRADUATES 2nd ed. pg no: 612
| 3 |
Autosomal dominant
|
Autosomal recessive
|
X-linked
|
Variable, autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive
|
Pathology
|
Urinary tract
|
929a0bbf-04c6-4745-a974-8bf5c9f35b6d
|
single
|
in a case of plycythemia vera which of the following rceptor overactivity is seen?
|
Receptor Types 1. Ion-channel Receptors (Ionotropic Receptors) 2. G-Protein Coupled Receptors (Metabotropic receptors) 3. Kinase-linked Receptors 4. Intracellular Receptors (Cytosolic Receptors) 5. Enzymes as Receptors 6. Drugs which act through Modulation of Voltage Gated Ion Channels (Voltage-Operated Channels) POLYCYTHEMIA VERA * Polycythemia vera (PV) is a slow-growing type of blood cancer in which your bone marrow makes too many red blood cells. Polycythemia vera may also result in production of too many of the other types of blood cells -- white blood cells and platelets. * PV is a clonal stem cell disorder in which there is an alteration in the pluripotent progenitor cell leading to excessive proliferation of erythroid, myeloid and megakaryocytic progenitor cells. Over 95% of patients with PV have acquired mutations of the gene Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) ref /: (kumar and clark&;s clinical medicine).
| 2 |
tyrosine kinase
|
jak 2
|
c GMP
|
none of the above
|
Physiology
|
All India exam
|
c127927c-80e3-4439-9cec-78501f416935
|
multi
|
Pain of ovarian carcinoma is referred to:
|
pain in the medial surface of thigh may be due to irritation of obturator nerve.other features include abdominal pain,abdominal lump,abdomibal discomfo,postmenopausal bleeding,weight loss,cachexia,anemia are the symptoms of advanced stage of cancer. Refer page no 526 of Text book of obstetrics,sheila balakrishnan.
| 4 |
Back of thigh
|
Cervical region
|
Anterior surface of thigh
|
Medical surface of thigh
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
|
Gynaecological oncology
|
93c2fd1b-2d3a-4dba-866e-dba0c8a9707b
|
single
|
The most common site of fracture mandible is
|
Fractures of the mandible (Dig man's classification)Condylar process35% Angle of mandible20%Body of mandible20%Symphysis 15%Alveolar process5%Ramus 3%Coronoid process2%Most common fracture - condylar fracture followed by angle, body & symphysis of the mandible (mnemonic - CABS)(Refer: Mohindra's Fundamentals of Ohopedics, 2nd edition, pg no. 109)
| 4 |
Ramus
|
Coronoid process
|
Alveolar process
|
Parasymphyseal region
|
Orthopaedics
|
All India exam
|
f40703d3-88e5-4d62-8481-74f0384932b6
|
single
|
Acrodermatitis enteropathica is seen with deficiency of:
|
a. Zinc(Ref: Nelson's 20/cp 344-345, Ghai B/e p 121-122)Deficiency of zinc leads to acrodermatitis enteropathica, in which rashes shown on skin, especially around the orifices.
| 1 |
Zinc
|
Iron
|
Copper
|
Vitamin A
|
Pediatrics
|
Nutrition
|
2b064f3a-3159-487c-85e8-9fae7299700b
|
single
|
False regarding delirium tremens ?
|
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Ophthalmoplegia Delirium tremens Delirium tremens is the most severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome. It occurs usually within 2-4 days of complete or significant alcohol abstinence. This is an acute organic brain syndrome (delirium) with characteristic features of delirium. Clouding of consciousness with disorientation in time and place. Poor attention span and distractability. Visual (and also auditory) hallucination, and illusion. Tactile hallucination of insect crawling under the skin (formication) may also occur. Marked autonomic disturbances with tachycardia, sweating, hypeension, mydriasis, coarse tremers. Insomnia, psychomotor agitation, ataxia, anxiety. Benzodiazepines are the drugs of choice for delirium tremens. Chlordiazepoxide is the agent of choice with diazepam as an alternative.
| 2 |
Tremors
|
Opthalmoplegia
|
Visual hallucination
|
Clouding of consciousness
|
Psychiatry
| null |
6c6bcc9c-7b51-4ae7-9158-814a7fe24168
|
multi
|
The condition highlighted by the arrow in the occlusal radiograph in a 8 year old child could be due to:
| null | 4 |
Non-vital tooth
|
Impacted tooth
|
Ghost tooth
|
Mesiodens
|
Pathology
| null |
f069d049-21a5-481b-bfdc-f5f6794a211e
|
single
|
Investigation of choice to diagnose epilepsy is:
|
Ans: bRef: Harrison, 16thed, p. 2363- 2364
| 2 |
MRI
|
EEG
|
CT scan
|
Angiogram
|
Medicine
|
C.N.S.
|
bfc7b465-cd7f-4925-9e1c-b3cffa35cf52
|
single
|
An X ray of thewrist and handin given below . If there is a damage to structureE, Which of the following muscle weakness does it cause ?
|
The hook of hamate and the pisiform provide inseion for the flexor carpi ulnaris. Also note- If the floor of anatomic snuff box and origin of abductor pollicis brevis are damaged, bones most likely to be involved is B i.e. scaphoid forms the floor of the anatomic snuffbox and provides a site for origin of the abductor pollicis brevis.
| 3 |
Flexor carpi radialis
|
Palmaris longus
|
Flexor carpi ulnaris
|
Brachioradialis
|
Anatomy
|
Upper limb : Miscellaneous
|
e3e8aa16-8c68-49f6-9657-422e09a0b641
|
single
|
Radiological signs of acute pancreatitis include the following except -
|
All the given signs are present in acute pancreatitis. However, Cullen's sign is a clinical sign (not radiological sign).
| 2 |
Colon cut-off sign
|
Cullen's sign
|
Renal halo sign
|
Sentinel loop sign
|
Radiology
| null |
62f0c0a1-fa25-4897-8269-7df506efda6c
|
multi
|
Low osmolarity ORS - false statmenf is -
|
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Osmolarity is 311 mosm/iitero Osmolarity of cow osmolarity ORS is 245o Standard ORS is 311o Resomal is 300Composition Comparison ofReSoMaL, Standard WHO, and Reduced-Osmolarity WHO ORS SolutionsCompositionReSoMal (mmol/L)Standard ORS (mmol/L)Reduced osmolarity ORSGlucose12511175Sodium459075Potassium402020Chloride708065Citrate71010Magnesium3--Zinc03--Copper0.045--Osmolarity (mOsm/L)300311245
| 3 |
Glucose concentration 75 mmol/liter
|
Sodium eoncentation 75 mmol.'! iter
|
Gsmolarity is 311 mosm/liter
|
Postassium is 20 mmol1'here
|
Pediatrics
|
Fluid and Electrolyte Treatment of Specific Disorders
|
fcc83de3-b2b0-4adc-9cd9-e84f197c3d07
|
multi
|
Leukotriene antagonists is: March 2009
|
Ans. D: Montelukast Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) used for the maintenance treatment of asthma and to relieve symptoms of seasonal allergies. It is usually administered orally. Montelukast is a CysLT1 antagonist; that is it blocks the action of leukotriene D4 (and secondary ligands LTC4 and LTE4) on the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor CysLT1 in the lungs and bronchial tubes by binding to it. This reduces the bronchoconstriction otherwise caused by the leukotriene, and results in less inflammation. Because of its method of operation, it is not useful for the treatment of acute asthma attacks. Again because of its very specific focus of operation, it does not interact with other allergy medications such as theophylline. Another leukotriene receptor antagonist is zafirlukast. Zileuton, an asthma drug, blocks leukotriene synthesis by inhibiting 5-lipoxygenase, an enzyme of the eicosanoid synthesis pathway
| 4 |
Nicordanil
|
Zileuton
|
Sodium chromoglycate
|
Montelukast
|
Pharmacology
| null |
eedaeb29-73be-46ed-9d98-222e348eb8a4
|
single
|
Sialograhy of normal salivary gland reveals the ductal architecture as having an appearance of
| null | 3 |
Sausage string
|
Fruit-Laden tree
|
Leafless tree
|
Bailin hand
|
Pathology
| null |
4dff9ee3-d8a1-4f29-bad7-9ab14e0e9e7f
|
single
|
Sphincter urethrae is present in
|
The urethral sphincters are two muscles used to control the exit of urine in the urinary bladder through the urethra.The internal sphincter is a continuation of the detrusor muscle and is made of smooth muscle, therefore it is under involuntary or autonomic control. ref - BDC 6e vol2 pg372-376
| 4 |
Prostatic urethrae
|
Spongy urethrae
|
Membranous urethrae
|
Penile urethrae
|
Anatomy
|
Abdomen and pelvis
|
45861c0d-5f7e-427a-baef-7e46c6f503e9
|
single
|
High Anion gap is seen in -
|
Renal failure : Non anion gap metabolic acidosis. Diarrhea : Non anion gap metabolic acidosis. Alcoholics : metabolic alkalosis + metabolic acidosis Ref: Harrison&;s 19thE
| 2 |
Renal failure
|
Lactic acidosis
|
Diarrhoea
|
Alcoholics
|
Medicine
|
Fluid and electrolytes
|
18278491-ad52-4ac7-a57d-a7525d9896f2
|
single
|
What is the diagnosis of the following examination of the fundus
|
This is the case of Hypeensive retinopathy with scattered flame (splinter) haemorrhages and cotton-wool spots. Hypeensive retinopathy is retinal vascular damage caused by hypeension. Signs usually develop late in the disease. Funduscopic examination shows aeriolar constriction, aeriovenous nicking, vascular wall changes, flame-shaped hemorrhages, cotton-wool spots, yellow hard exudates, and optic disk edema. Ref khurana 6th edition pg 234
| 2 |
Diabetic retinopathy
|
Hypeension retinopathy
|
Optic atrophy
|
Central retinal vein occlusion
|
Ophthalmology
|
Vitreous and retina
|
6fa231ee-1357-421e-a960-475f5d0710a6
|
single
|
You see four postmenopausal patients in the clinic. Each patient has one of the conditions listed, and each patient wishes to begin hormone replacement therapy today. Which patient would you sta on therapy at the time of this visit?
|
Absolute contraindications to postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy are estrogen-dependent tumors (breast or uterus) active thromboembolic disease undiagnosed genital tract bleeding active severe liver disease malignant melanoma. Past or current history of hypeension, diabetes, or biliary stones does not automatically disqualify a patient for hormone replacement therapy.
| 1 |
Mild essential hypeension + tension headache
|
Liver disease with abnormal liver function tests
|
Treated stage III endometrial cancer
|
Undiagnosed genital tract bleeding
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
|
Gynaecology
|
3e192c3d-1013-444c-912b-ae64469f27a5
|
single
|
Turner syndrome -
|
Ans. is 'a' i.e., 45XOTrisomy 13- Patau syndromeTrisomy 18- Edward syndromeTrisomy 21- Down syndromeXO- Turner syndromeXXY- Klinefelter syndrome
| 1 |
45XO
|
46XO
|
47XXX
|
Trisomy 21
|
Pediatrics
|
Genetics of Common Disorders
|
ceed88ec-9001-4873-9c1f-3e369187fca3
|
single
|
Cystic degeneration is seen commonly in
|
Cystic degeneration is seen commonly seen in interstitial fibroid.
| 3 |
Submucous fibroid
|
Subserosal fibroid
|
Interstitial fibroid
|
Cervical fibroid
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
| null |
1a126118-5c22-4e95-b38c-623adbe8fa00
|
single
|
IPPV is useful in: March 2009
|
Ans. C: Flail chest PPV can be effectively used in the treatment of flail segments, which characteristically render negative pressure breathing ineffective, but does not impede PPV. Flail chest is traditionally described as the paradoxical movement of a segment of chest wall caused by fractures of 3 or more ribs anteriorly and posteriorly within each rib.
| 3 |
Hemopneumothorax
|
Pneumothorax
|
Flail chest
|
Hemothorax
|
Surgery
| null |
7e5ae0d6-de7c-42c6-aa0d-18e27ee1c070
|
single
|
An adolescent child complains of night pain in the knee. It could be due to -
|
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Juvenile rheumatoid ahritis Causes of knee pain in adolescence (..)Time of the knee pain helps in the diagnosis of the disorders : - I. Night pain indicates i) Inflammatory disorder ---)Juvenile rheumatoid ahritis. ii) Bursitis, synovitis iii) Tumor Osteosarcoma Pain at the end of the day and after activity indicates i) Mechanical pain due to injury Continuous pain present day and night indicates i) Infection ---> Osteomyelitis, Septic ahritis ii) Idiopathic adolescent anterior knee pain syndrome (Chondromalacia patella).
| 1 |
Juvenile rheumatoid ahritis
|
Idiopathic growth pain
|
Osteosarcoma
|
Paget's disease
|
Pediatrics
| null |
3a1e8b56-1958-4b66-beb5-b6d90a6ccd8c
|
single
|
Hypercalcemia is associated with all of the following, except:
|
Hypercalcemia can be caused by conditions such as hyperparathyroidism, malignancy, granulomatous diseases (TB, sarcoidosis), milk alkali syndrome, total parenteral nutrition, adrenal insufficiency, pheochromocytoma and by drugs (thiazides, vitaminA, anti estrogens). Celiac disease is not associated with hypercalcemia. Ref: Harrison's Internal Medicine, 18th Edition, Chapter 46; Textbook of Clinical Pediatrics By A. Y. Elzouk, Volume 1, Pages 1895-9
| 2 |
Sarcoidosis
|
Celiac disease
|
Milk alkali syndrome
|
Hyperparathyroidism
|
Medicine
| null |
62e6358a-3f38-40cd-a044-5a3e561369dd
|
multi
|
All of the following are true about b thalassemia trait, Except -
| null | 4 |
Microcytic hypochromic picture
|
↑ed HbA2
|
↑ed HbF
|
Patient requires blood transfusion
|
Medicine
| null |
556d3615-0a77-4829-bdab-e8a741380378
|
multi
|
Schwartz sign is seen in -(PGI 98)
|
(A) Schwartz sign also known as Flemingo's pink sign, is a diagnostic indicator for otosclerosis, a disease of the bones of the middle or inner ear. In clinical examination of the ear drum, increased vascularity of the promontory may be seen through the ear drum.
| 1 |
Otosclerosis
|
Meniere's disease
|
ASOM
|
CSOM
|
ENT
|
Otosclerosis
|
fa6ba3db-40bb-487c-9681-96e4acb08c6e
|
single
|
Which of the following compounds is an analogue of hypoxanthine?
|
Allopurinol acts on purine catabolism, without disrupting the biosynthesis of purines. It reduces the production of
| 2 |
Arabinoside C
|
Allopurinol
|
Ribose phosphate
|
5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP)
|
Biochemistry
|
Metabolism of nucleic acids
|
0fb18048-57e5-407b-9439-c0ea73e044c6
|
multi
|
Cholinesterase activators are useful for the treatment of which poisoning?
| null | 2 |
Paraquat
|
Parathion
|
Carbamates
|
Organochlorocompounds
|
Pharmacology
| null |
fd901c28-1941-4175-87e0-4ee413a7998f
|
single
|
Physiologically inactive form is
|
Ans. (a) Angiotensin I(Ref: Ganong, 25th ed/p.696)Angiotensin II & III got physiological activitiesAngiotensin I is only the precursor of Angiotensin II
| 1 |
Angiotensin I
|
Angiotensin II
|
Angiotensin III
|
Angiotensin IV
|
Physiology
|
Kidneys and Body Fluids
|
14f53d98-7343-4431-8758-cd2d351af1ad
|
multi
|
In anterior colporrhaphy, the best method of suture apposing the vaginal flaps is:
|
ANTERIOR COLPORRHAPHY An inveed T incision is made on the anterior vaginal wall. the horizontal incision is made below the bladder and the veical incision is made staing from the midpoint of the tranverse incision upto a point about 1.5 cm below the external urethral meatus. The traiangular vaginal flaps including the fascia on either sides are seperated from the endopelvic fascia covering the bladder by knife and gauze dissection.The line of clevage is vesicovaginal space and if properly negotiated the dissection is easy with minimal blood loss. the edges of the vaginal walls are retracted laterally The vesicocervical spaceis exposed. The pubocervical fascia is plicated by interrupted sutures with No&;O&; chromic catgut using round body needle.The lower one or two stitches include a biteon the cervix, thus closing the hiatus through which bladder herniates The redundant poion of the vaginal mucosa is cut on either side. The cut margins of the vagina are apposed by interrupted sutures with No.&;O&;&;chromic catgut using cutting needle Catheter is reintroduced to ensure bladder is not injured Toileting of vagina is done Vagina is tightly packed with roller gauze smeared with anti septic cream D.C.DUTTA&;S TEXTBOOK OF GYNAECOLLOGY,Pg no:213,6th edition
| 1 |
Interrupted
|
Continuous
|
Interlocking
|
Interrupted mattress
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
|
Urogynecology
|
d17db306-2b05-418c-a4b7-d95e2f3dd6ba
|
single
|
The drug of choice for chempprophylaxis in contacts of a patient of penumonic plague is
|
Cholera: Tetracycline or furazolidone for household contacts Bacterial conjunctivitis: Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment Diphtheria: Erythromycin Influenza: Oseltamivir Meningitis, meningococcal: Ciprofloxacin, and minocycline Plague: Tetracycline for contacts of pneumonic plague Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 137
| 4 |
Penicillin
|
Rifampicin
|
Erythromycin
|
Tetracycline
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
|
Epidemiology
|
921ab2e2-b398-49aa-892a-a9d12449d12a
|
single
|
Management of pancreatic abscess is -
|
Pancreatic absecess is a complication of acute pancreatitis. It is a circumscribed intraabdominal collection of pus, usually in proximity to the pancreas containing little or no pancreatic necrosis.
Treatment-- antibiotics and external drainage (percutaneous catheter based method or surgical).
| 3 |
Needle aspiration
|
Gastrocystostomy
|
External drainage
|
Jejunocystostomy
|
Surgery
| null |
652d5890-94a5-4567-bb17-ec9682c6f33e
|
single
|
Neurogenic shock is characterized by
|
High spinal cord injury there is failure of sympathetic outflow and adequate vascular tone (neurogenic shock). The cause in sepsis is less clear but is related to the release of bacterial products (endotoxin) and the activation of cellular and humoral components of the immune system. There is maldistribution of blood flow at a microvascular level with aeriovenous shunting and dysfunction of cellular utilization of oxygen.
| 4 |
Hypeension and tachycardia
|
Hypeension and bradycardia
|
Hypotension and tachycardia
|
Hypotension and bradycardia
|
Anatomy
|
General anatomy
|
276efef0-0d32-42e8-a854-fe603d2f8906
|
single
|
Stop codons are all except -
|
Ans. is 'd' i.e., UGG* Out of 64 codons, 3 are stop codons. The three stop codons are UGA, UAG, UAA.# Exception is mitochondrial DNA - in mitochondria, UGA is not a stop codon. It codes for Tryptophan. Instead AGA and AGG act as stop codons in mitochondrial DNA.* 61 codons code for 21 aminoacids. Hence more than one codon code for a single aminoacid. This is called as degeneracy of Codon.# Exceptions are Methionine and Tryptophan. Both Methionine and Tryptophan are coded by only one codon each# Methionine is coded by AUG and Tryptophan is coded by UGG* Hence UGG is not a stop codon. It codes for Tryptophan
| 4 |
UAG
|
UAA
|
UGA
|
UGG
|
Biochemistry
|
Molecular Genetics
|
8885f990-a0e9-4b9d-a82e-28ec0868a1ed
|
multi
|
Systolic thrill in left 2nd or 3rd intercostal space is seen in -
| null | 4 |
Subpulmonic VSD
|
Pink TOF
|
Ebstein's anomaly
|
Pulmonary stenosis
|
Medicine
| null |
091409dd-5f4c-4d74-b2af-30007d65c583
|
single
|
Features seen in hemolytic anemia are all except :
|
Tear drop and Burr cells [Ref Harrison 171h/e p652 16th /e p. 6071 Burr cells are seen in uremia. Tear drop cells are seen in myelofibrosis. Haptotoglobin is an a -globulin present in high concentration in serum. It binds to free haemoglobin produced as a result of hemolysis. The hemoglobin-haptoglobin complex is rapidly cleared from the plasma by mononuclear phagocyte system. Thus the plasma haptoglobin level is low or absent in hemolytic anemias
| 1 |
Tear drop and Burr cells
|
Haptoglobin
|
Reticulocytosis
|
Hemoglobinuria
|
Surgery
| null |
b878f231-d678-4778-ab1d-75950f137408
|
multi
|
The right placement of double lumen tube inseion gold standard of confirmation-
|
The most common complication of double lumen tube intubation is malposition of double lumen tube which is prevented by fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Trouble-shooting techniques for DLT inseion include using fiberoptic bronchoscope to cannulate bronchus and then rail road tube over the scope (perhaps the gold standard approach) use stylet to help place using a bougie as an introducer clinically check ventilation once changes have been made between normal ventilation and isolated lung ventilation once tracheal cuff below cords, rotate tube towards bronchus that is to be cannulated, turn patient's head to opposite side, gently slide tube down until resistance felt
| 2 |
capnography
|
fibreoptic bronchoscopy
|
bilateral auscultation
|
None of the above
|
Anaesthesia
|
Airway
|
8f870b3d-4905-4a56-a377-23833e3ecd17
|
multi
|
Immunoglobulin changes in variable region -
|
an idiotype is a shared characteristic between a group of immunoglobulin or T cell receptor (TCR) molecules based upon the antigen binding specificity and therefore structure of their variable region Reff: www.mayoclinic.com
| 1 |
Idiotype
|
Isotype
|
Allotype
|
Epitope
|
Microbiology
|
Immunology
|
e8848f27-e38c-4c70-8e45-4c1c76d4a498
|
multi
|
The tissue of which lesion has been described as resembling a 'blood soaked sponge with large pores'?
| null | 3 |
Cavernous hemangioma
|
Capillary hernangioma
|
Aneurysmal bone cyst
|
Eruption hematoma
|
Pathology
| null |
1dd72853-6fbf-46d6-aceb-03a8a4edc712
|
single
|
A cell is placed in a medium containing radioactively labelled thymidine. After the cells undergo replication 3 times, what percentage of the cells will have both strands of DNA labelled?
|
Keep in mind that question asks about cells with label on both strands. Question is based on the Meselson & Stahl experiment. Due to semiconservative mode of replication, In each round of replication, one strand is old and one is synthesized new in newly replicated DNA (see fig below). Red strand represents the labeled strand.
| 3 |
25%
|
50%
|
75%
|
100%
|
Biochemistry
|
Replication
|
2e4f8a2f-054f-4fec-b498-b2df27089c4d
|
multi
|
Force required for headgear to restrain maxillary growth is:
| null | 3 |
50-100 gm per side
|
150-200 gm per side
|
250-500 gm per side
|
750-1000gm per side
|
Dental
| null |
46f8b8b9-0153-4a2d-8ed9-75c520b2e6da
|
single
|
A 14 year old boy comes to the physician with complaints of seizures & some skin macule as shown below. What can be the probable diagnosis?
|
Ans. C. Tuberous sclerosisa. Above given image shows Ash leaf macule.b. It is the earliest manifestation of Tuberous sclerosis.c. This condition is Autosomal dominant.d. Clinical features of this disease are-- Seizures- Mental disability- Ash leaf macule- Adenoma Sebaceum- Shagreen patch(collagenoma)- Cortical tuberse. On MRI scan, subependymal nodules are seen.
| 3 |
Sturge weber syndrome
|
Turcot syndrome
|
Tuberous sclerosis
|
Von Hippel disease
|
Medicine
|
C.N.S.
|
f3f9c1ee-cd33-4dac-b4da-dd82ab741243
|
single
|
NOT a feature of pleural effusion: September 2012
|
Ans. A i.e. Horizontal fluid level
| 1 |
Horizontal fluid level
|
Low lung volume
|
Muffled hea sounds
|
Decreased chest movements
|
Medicine
| null |
296dc415-49ee-42f6-96af-9ba0b0f84dc2
|
single
|
The given instrument is used for harvesting the graft from healthy area in split skin thickness graft. What is this called?
|
Ans. A. Humby knife* This is a "Humby" skin-grafting knife, formerly owned by Sir Edward "Weary"Dunlop, and made in 1950s.Silver's knifeBrown dermatome
| 1 |
Humby knife
|
Silvers knife
|
Dermatome
|
Catlin amputating knife
|
Surgery
|
Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery
|
c8c35c05-20a5-4054-b89a-5222bdd52b77
|
multi
|
Most commonly used statistical average -
|
Arithmetic mean
It is the most commonly used statistical average.
To calculate mean, add up the values of all individual observation and then divide by the number of observations.
The process of adding together is called summation and is denoted by the sign ∑ or S.
The individual observation is denoted by ŋ
The mean is denoted by the sign X.
Example :-
| 1 |
Mean
|
Median
|
Mode
|
None
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
| null |
83cece73-f4fb-4cf7-a146-083532d1eb35
|
multi
|
For a survey a village is divided into 5 lanes then each lane is sapled randomly is an example is -
|
- systematic random sample is done by picking every 5th or 10th unit at regular intervals. - by this method ,each unit in the sampling frame would have the sane chance of being selected, but the number of possible samples is greatly reduced. Reference : Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no:850
| 3 |
Simple random sampling
|
Stratified random sampling
|
Systematic random sampling
|
All of the above
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
|
Biostatistics
|
51b6b314-4ff7-4299-8b6a-a552f245dde9
|
multi
|
Legionnaire disease is caused by?
|
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Motile gram negative . Legionnaire disease is caused by legionella pneumophila, which is a gram-negative motile coccobacilli.
| 2 |
Motile gram positive
|
Motile gram negative
|
Non-motile gram positive
|
Non-motile gram negative
|
Microbiology
| null |
2d27571d-f844-44d6-b059-00d585035288
|
single
|
Which of the following is not expressed in majority of cases of pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia?
|
CD19 is a pan B-cell marker. CALLA (common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen) is CD 10. CD45 is known as leukocyte common antigen (LCA). Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), a specialized DNA polymerase that is expressed only in pre-B and pre-T lymphoblasts, is positive in more than 95% of cases. CD7 is commonly expressed in T-cell ALL.
| 4 |
Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)
|
CD19
|
CD10
|
CD7
|
Pathology
|
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
|
44260a72-1fd0-45cf-9516-3237fc2ead0d
|
single
|
In a one-year-old child intubation is done using:
|
Pediatric Airway Management - Equipment . Tracheal intubation remains the standard for airway maintenance during many procedures. Generally, a tracheal tube of the largest possible internal diameter should be chosen to minimize resistance to gas flow and avoid an excessive leak around the tube. It is impoant, however, to avoid inseing too large tube, which may cause mucosal damage. The length of the tube is calculated as: Length =+ 12 cm For orotracheal intubation Length = + 15 cm For nasotracheal intubation Uncuffed tubes are used in children - as there is potential for mucosal damage with the cuffed tubes (with high volume, low pressure cuffs) In older children approaching pubey - Cuffed endotracheal tubes are used, reflecting the anatomical development of the airway. Endotracheal tubes are available in a variety of materials although the use of PVC and silicone rubber is now almost universal. As far as blades are concerned - A huge range of laryngoscopes blades are available. Anatomical considerations and to some extent personal choice, determine the most appropriate blade to use. In general, position of the infant larynx and the long epiglottis makes intubation easier with a straight blade and are often used in children under 6 months of age. So from above description, it is clear that in children straight blade with uncuffed tube is the best for intubation.
| 1 |
Straight blade with uncuffed tube
|
Curved blade with uncuffed tube
|
Straight blade with cuffed tube
|
Straight curved blade with cuffed tube
|
ENT
| null |
fd5d4bc6-c28e-4992-aa4d-fed1402944de
|
single
|
A female presents with a history of progressive breathlessness. Histology shows heterogeneous patchy fibrosis with several fibroblastic foci. The most likely diagnosis is -
|
Presence of heterogeneous, patchy fibrosis with fibroblastic foci is characteristic of usual interstitial pneumonia (a type of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia).
Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (Idiopathic interstitial lung disease)
Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIP) comprise a group of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases characterized by various degree of inflammation and fibrosis leading to the destruction of lung architecture.
The primary area of damage involves interstitium, but other areas become involved as the disease progresses.
Idiopathic denotes an unknown etiology; therefore known causes must be excluded by Careful history and examinations.
All IIPs share similar clinical and radiological features and are distinguished primarily by the histopathological pattern on lung biopsy.
| 3 |
Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia
|
Non specific interstitial pneumonia
|
Usual interstitial pneumonia
|
Desquamative interstitial pneumonia
|
Pathology
| null |
05d62cd5-0959-4c8c-83ce-3a05875c4abe
|
single
|
Which is the only nerve which exits the brainstem on dorsal side ?
|
Unique features of trochlear nerve are :?i) Most selender cranial nerve.ii) Only cranial nerve to emerge on the dorsal aspect of brain.iii) Only cranial nerve to undergo complete internal decussation before emerging i.e. right trochlear nerve arises from left trochlear nucleus and vice versa.iv) Has'longest intracranial course (Vagus nerve has overall longest course).v) Thinnest cranial nerve (smallest nerve in terms of the number of axons it contains).
| 3 |
Facial
|
Trigeminal
|
Trochlear
|
Abducent
|
Anatomy
| null |
ee262b03-effd-4a7b-b8d4-f71cbf1c56b5
|
single
|
True about anorexia nervosa are all except
|
Ans:C.)Self Induced Vomitting. ANOREXIA NERVOSA This disorder is characterized by self imposed dietary restrictions leading to malnutrition and severe weight loss. Clinical features Females are far more commonly affected than males. Onset usually occurs between the age of 10-30 years, usually in mid adolescence. A deliberate and persistent restriction of food is usually the earliest presenting symptom. There is intense fear of becoming of obese, even if body becomes very thin and underweight. There is a body-image disturbance. Patients with anorexia nervosa exhibit peculiar behavior about food. They hide food all over the house, frequently carry large quantities of candies in their pockets and purses. They try to dispose of food in their napkins or hide in their pockets, while eating meals. There is significant weight loss and patient is underweight. Amenorrhea is seen in almost all women and loss of libido may occur in male patients. Obsessive compulsive neurosis, depression and anxiety like psychiatric illness may coexist. Complications of malnutrition may occur, e.g., hypoglycemia, hypothermia, low BP, bradycardia, leucopenia, endocrine changes (raised GH and Coisol, reduced gonadotrophin), and appearance of lanugo hair. Bulimia It is characterized by a cycle of dieting, binge-eating and compensatory purging behavior to prevent weight gain. Purging behavior includes vomiting, diuretic or laxative abuse.
| 3 |
Leukopenia
|
Amenorrhea
|
Self induced vomiting
|
More common in adult females
|
Psychiatry
| null |
eb3884f6-faf1-44b9-9a20-0f761f747e1c
|
multi
|
Vipeholm study is used in
| null | 3 |
Oral cancer
|
AIDS
|
Caries
|
Periodontal disease
|
Dental
| null |
2697407f-e8d7-427a-92d8-0f285121d503
|
single
|
Contraindications to MRgFUS uterine fibroid are all except
|
Myomas with poor perfusion is contraindication to MRgFUS.
| 2 |
Myoma size >10cm
|
Vascular myomas
|
Uterine size > 24 weeks
|
Abdominal wall scars
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
| null |
d2593a38-b962-4fb0-bf22-d46a67e41e02
|
multi
|
Izumi fever is caused by:
|
Ans. is. 'c' i. e., Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
| 3 |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
|
Burkholderia mallei
|
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
|
Pasteurella multocida
|
Microbiology
| null |
5caf4424-33df-4ac7-98cf-f3088aafe441
|
multi
|
Maximum chances of ABO isoimmunization is seen in?
|
TEXT BOOK OF PATHOLOGY HARSHMOHAN 6THEDITION PG NO 341 HDN due to ABO incompatibility. About 20% pregnancies with ABO incompatibility between the mother and the foetus develop the HDN. Naturally-occurring anti-A and anti-B antibodies' which are usually of IgM class do not cross the placenta, while immune anti-A and anti-B antibodies which are usually of IgG class may cross the placenta into foetal circulation and damage the foetal red cells. ABO HDN occurs most frequently in infants born to group O mothers who possess anti-A and/or anti-B IgG antibodies. ABO-HDN differs from Rh(D)-HDN, in that it occurs in first pregnancy, Coombs' (antiglobulin) test is generally negative, and is less severe than the latter. <\p>
| 1 |
O+VE Mother to A+VE child
|
O+VE mother to B+VE child
|
A+VE mother to 0+VE child
|
B+VE mother to O+VE child
|
Pathology
|
General pathology
|
e0db3f09-26f1-487d-99ae-0c083a6983bd
|
single
|
Prevalence of HIV infection in antenatal women is less than 1% and in high risk population is less than 5%. The state belongs to ?
|
Ans. is `c' i.e., Group III Based on sentinel surveillance data HIV prevalence in adult population can be broadly classified in three groups of state / UT sin the country.
| 3 |
Group I
|
Group II
|
Group III
|
Group IV
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
| null |
8053b2eb-c24f-4330-bc7e-8bd7d17e051b
|
single
|
Gegenhalten (paratonia) indicates lesion in
|
Ans. c (Frontal lobe) (Ref. Harrison 18th/Fig 370-9).PARATONIA: | tone that varies irregularly in a manner that may seem related to a degree of relaxation, is present throughout the range of motion, affects flexors and extensors equally, usually results from lesion of bilateral frontal lobes or dominant frontal lobe.RIGIDITY: | Tone, affects flexors and extensors equally; seen in extrapyramidal lesionsSPASTICITY: | tone, affects mainly extensors and seen in pyramidal tract lesions.Signs and symptomsStructures involved# Paralysis of opposite foot and leg# A lesser degree of paresis of opposite arm# Cortical sensory loss over toes, foot, and legMotor leg areaArm area of cortex or fibers descending to corona radiateSensory area for foot and leg# Urinary incontinenceSensorimotor area in paracentral lobule# Contralateral grasp reflex, sucking reflex, gegenhaiten (paratonic rigidity)Medial surface of the posterior frontal lobe; likely supplemental motor area# Abulia (akinetic mutism), slowness, delay, intermittent interruption, lack of spontaneity, whispering, reflex distraction to sights and soundsUncertain localization--probably cingulate gyrus and medial inferior portion of frontal, parietaland temporal lobes# Impairment of gait and stance (gait apraxia)Frontal cortex near leg motor area# Dyspraxia of left limbs, tactile aphasia in left limbsCorpus callosumDeficit/feature of lesion of a particular area of brainLobesImportant regionsDeficit after lesionFrontalPrimary motor and premotorFrontal eye fieldsBroca speech area*Contralatera spastic paresis (region depends on area of homunculusEyes deviate to ipsilateral sideBroca aphasia (expressive, nonfluent aphasia): patient can understand written and spoken language, but speech and writing are slow and effortful; patients are aware of their problem; often associated with contralateral facial and arm weaknessPrefrontal cortexFrontal lobe syndrome: symptoms can include poor judgement, difficulty concentrating and problem solving, apathy, inappropriate social behaviorParietalPrimary somatosensory cortexSuperior parietal lobuleInfrerior parietal lobuleContralateral hemihypesthesia (region depends on area homunculus affected)Contralateral asteroegnosis and sensory neglect, apraxiaGerstmann syndrome (if dominant hemisphere): right/left: confusion, dyscalculia and dysgraphia, finger agnosia, contralateral hemianopia or lower quadrantanopiaTemporalPrimary auditory cortexBilateral damage deafnessUnilateral leads to slight hearing lossWernicke area*Wernicke aphasia (receptive, fluent aphasia); patient cannot understand any form of language; speech is fast and fluent, but not comprehensibleHippocampusAmygdalaOlfactory bulb, tract, primary cortexMeyer loop (visual radiations)Bilateral lesions lead to inability to consolidate short-term to long-termKluver-Bucy syndrome: hyperphagia, hypersexuality, visual agnosia Ipsilateral anosmiaContralateral upper quadrantanopia ("pie in the sky")OccipitalPrimary visual cortexBlindnessAlso Remember: Parietal lobe lesions | | | Dominant lobe Non dominant lobe | | Multinodal complex motor activities affected Multinodal complex sensory disabilities | | # Ideational# Ideomotor# Alexia}Apraxia Visuospatial disorders(Hemiattention) AnosognosiaDressing and constructionalApraxia# Gerstamann's syndrome
| 3 |
Parietal lobe (dominant)
|
Temporal lobe (dominant)
|
Frontal lobe (dominant)
|
Parietal lobe (non-dominant)
|
Medicine
|
C.N.S.
|
4d547af5-92fa-441a-b406-38db1f1ba519
|
single
|
All are pas of vulva except
|
The vulva includes the mons pubis, labia majora (outer lips), labia minora (inner lips), clitoris, and the external openings of the urethra and vagina. ref - BDC 6e vol2 pg 358 , pubmed.com
| 3 |
Labia minora
|
Labia majora
|
Perineal body
|
Clitoris
|
Anatomy
|
Abdomen and pelvis
|
cd18c187-b4ff-4c38-9ffa-4ae9c74bbac5
|
multi
|
A 41 year female patient is taking steroids from long duration. Now she presents with onset of severe pain in the hip. Which imaging investigation can be used to diagnose this condition?
|
Patient on long term steroids that presents with pain must be suffering from AVN( avascular necrosis). IOC to look for AVN is MRI.
| 1 |
MRI
|
CT
|
USG
|
X-Ray
|
Radiology
|
Musculoskeletal Radiology
|
55200cdf-226c-4462-ad82-7b453fa1d4e4
|
single
|
b-adrenergic receptor antagonists such as propranolol is used in the treatment of which of the following?
|
Ans. D. All of the aboveIndications for b-adrenergic receptor antagonists are lithium tremor, major depressive disorders, substance use disorders, performance anxiety, and neuroleptic-induced akathisia. The five b-adrenergic receptor antagonists most frequently studied for psychiatric applications are propranolol, metoprolol, atenolol, and pindolol. Propranolol is the most commonly used b-adrenergic receptor antagonist and is not known to exert a teratogenic effect in humans.
| 4 |
Performance anxiety
|
Substance use disorders
|
Lithium tremor
|
All of the above
|
Psychiatry
|
Pharmacotherapy In Psychiatry
|
36a3db30-9929-450f-9251-354b72deb0c2
|
multi
|
Splenectomy can be performed after immunization against which of the following organisms:
|
Ans. D. All of the aboveSplenectomy is usually performed after 6 years of age following immunizations against H influenza type b, streptococcal pneumonia and Neisseria meningitides. Post splenectomy patients receive penicillin prophylaxis to prevent sepsis usually up to adulthood.
| 4 |
Haemophilus influenza
|
Streptococcal pneumonia
|
Neisseria meningitides
|
All of the above
|
Pediatrics
|
Infection
|
4b12c82e-2b99-491e-a06e-99a2011a7b31
|
multi
|
An elderly male presents with pain in his shoulders and hips. Temporal arteries are tender to palpation. ESR is 105 mm/L.
|
The large vessel vasculitides include temporal (giant cell) arteritis and Takayasu arteritis. Temporal arteritis typically occurs in older patients and is accompanied by aching in the shoulders and hips, jaw claudication, and a markedly elevated ESR. Takayasu arteritis, a granulomatous inflammation of the aorta and its main branches, typically occurs in young women. Symptoms are attributed to local vascular occlusion and may produce arm or leg claudication. Systemic symptoms of arthralgia, fatigue, malaise, anorexia, and weight loss may precede the vascular symptoms. Surgery may be necessary to correct occlusive lesions.
| 3 |
Churg-Strauss syndrome
|
Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis.
|
Temporal arteritis
|
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener granulomatosis)
|
Medicine
|
Immunology and Rheumatology
|
d906752a-ca7f-4199-8a52-26e99bf064ec
|
single
|
A butcher, who is fond of eating raw hamburger, develops chorioretinitis; a Sabin-Feldman dye test is positive. This patient is most likely infected with
|
Toxoplasmosis, for example, is generally a mild, self-limiting disease; however, severe fetal disease is possible if pregnant women ingest Toxoplasma oocysts. Consumption of uncooked meat may result in either an acute toxoplasmosis or a chronic toxoplasmosis that is associated with serious eye disease. Most adults have antibody titers to Toxoplasma and thus would have a positive Sabin-Feldman dye test.
| 3 |
Trichinosis
|
Schistosomiasis
|
Toxoplasmosis
|
Visceral larva migrans
|
Microbiology
|
Parasitology
|
708a51ba-7b62-4775-bc0d-cc8659fec547
|
single
|
Cyclo propagative means:
|
Ref: Park 'Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine', 22nd edition.Explanation:Biological transmission PropagativeOnly multiplication, eg - plague bacilli in flea, dengue virus in mosquitoCyclo developmentalOnly development eg- filariai parasite in mosquitoCylco propagativeMultiplication and development eg. malarial parasite in mosquito* Cylco - development cycle* Propagative - multiplication
| 4 |
Only development
|
Only multiplication
|
No development and no multiplication
|
M ul ti plication and development
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
|
General
|
d787fcb7-c142-47e4-ba59-701316a34205
|
single
|
All of the following have non-scarring alopcia, EXCEPT:
|
Lichen planus - Lichen Planus is a muco-cutaneous disease of immunological origin. It leads to a characteristic pruritic, papular, violaceous eruption of polygonal shape and is often covered with fine scales. Lichen planus most commonly leads to thick patchy rough, scaly skin that develops on the flexor surfaces of the upper extremities, around the ankles, in the genital region genitalia, and on the mucous membranes and is itchy in nature. It causes scarring alopecia leading permanent hair damage. Taenia capitis - It is a fungal dermatophyte infection of the scalp and hair caused especially by the Trichophyton and Microsporum. It causes contagious non-scarring alopecia. It causes inflammatory lesions such as pustules, scaling and itching. The hallmark of diagnosis is patches of hair loss with a "black-dot" pattern on examination. The clinical diagnosis is confirmed by mycological examination. Androgenic alopecia - It is an autosomal dominant disorder which is the most common cause of alopecia in both men and women. It causes miniaturisation of the hair follicles which is androgen dependent and caused by scalp dihydrotestosterone. There is a typical shoening of the hair cycle leading to increased numbers of anagen hairs entering the telogen phase and thus leading to premature hair fall. It leads to scarring alopecia. Alopecia areata - It is a inflammatory non-scarring alopecia of auto-immune origin. There is a inappropriate immune response due to the hair follicle associated antigens. The patient presents with well - demarcated patches of reversible hair loss. Histologically there is a typical peribulbar lymphocyte infiltration. The disturbance of hair shaft growth leads to characteristic exclamation point hairs which is the hallmark for diagnosis. Ref: Textbook of Cosmetic Dermatology By Robe Baran, 3rd Edition, Page 561; The Manual of Dermatology By Jennifer A. Cafardi, Page 15-64; Aging Hair By Ralph M. Trueb, Desmond J. Tobin, Pages 201-202; Evidence-Based Dermatology By Hywel Williams, Pages 386-387
| 4 |
T. capitis
|
Androgenic alopecia
|
Alopecia areata
|
Lichen planus
|
Skin
| null |
bc662826-ec98-4b87-b2ab-b2e135190137
|
multi
|
In IV hyperalimentation, we give -a) Hypertonic salineb) Fatsc) Amino acidsd) Dextrosee) LMW dextran
|
Parenteral alimentation involves the continuous infusion of a hyperosmolar solution containing carbohydrates (Dextrose), proteins, fat and other necessary nutrients (eg. Vitamins, trace minerals).
| 4 |
abc
|
ad
|
bc
|
bcd
|
Surgery
| null |
631bbdc4-2f41-48b7-aac0-acff8f0e5020
|
single
|
Guerin fracture is:
| null | 1 |
Maxillary fracture
|
Maxillary and zygomatic fracture
|
Maxillary and nasal bone fracture
|
Nasal bone fracture only
|
Surgery
| null |
ffca4fc6-0ebf-43d6-a1bd-cd7449d624da
|
single
|
Which of the following is not a derivative of the middle ear cleft ?
|
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Semicircular canal The middle - ear cleft in the temporal bone includes :? Eustachian tube The middle ear (tympanic cavity) Aditus which leads posteriorly to the mastoid antrum and air cells.
| 1 |
Semicircular canal
|
Mastoid air cell
|
Tympanic cavity
|
Eustachian tube
|
ENT
| null |
1a814009-bacf-4bca-95d2-99a4db6ae569
|
single
|
Sinus bradycardia with MI T/T-
|
Sinus bradycardia is a common arrhythmia in patients with inferior or posterior acute myocardial infarctions (AMIs). The highest incidence, 40%, is observed in the first 1-2 hours after AMI. Use of atropine in patients with acute myocardial infarction and sinus bradycardia. Atropine is the drug of choice for management of patients with SB and hypotension and is effective in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias as well as conduction disturbances in patients with inferior myocardial infarction Ref Davidson 23rd edition pg 455
| 1 |
Atropine
|
Digoxin
|
Calcium channel blocker
|
Propranolol
|
Medicine
|
C.V.S
|
ba889248-edd1-45b9-80a9-7e819611dfc9
|
single
|
All are helpful for the diagnosis of CSF rhinorrhea except:
|
Following trauma of the midface, CSF may emanate from a dural tear, resulting in rhinorrhea, otorrhea, or both.
The disruption usually occurs lateral to the cribriform plate but may also result from disruption of the sphenoidal, ethmoidal, and frontal sinuses producing a dural tear and communication with the subarachnoid space.
Diagnosis of CSF leakage is often complicated by mixture with nasal secretions, lacrimal secretions, and blood. Clear CSF should be collected in a vial, an absence of sediment and a glucose level of approximately 45 mg/dL is usually confirmatory.
A more specific, albeit slower, laboratory examination is the CSF-specific beta-2 transferrin test.
CSF will also form concentric rings when poured on linen or soft filter paper.
CSF has a more rapid diffusion than blood, leading to a larger, clearer CSF ring surrounding a sanguineous central ring. This is termed the double-ring or halo sign. When bleeding is present, one should suspect the presence of a CSF leak until proven otherwise. Once a provisional diagnosis is made, the patient should be placed in a semirecumbent position and instructed on how to minimize increases in intracranial pressure, including straining, sneezing and blowing of the nose.
Meningitis is a potential complication of skull base fracture with a concomitant dural tear. The absence of leakage does not imply the absence of a tear.
Reference: Fonseca 4th ed page no 437,439
| 1 |
High glucose
|
High protein
|
Tram line
|
Beta transferrin
|
Surgery
| null |
e8a538bb-4558-4a50-91fe-09e16901a6e8
|
multi
|
Hemorrhage leads to: September 2005
|
Ans. C: Hypovolemic shock Hypovolemic shock refers to a medical or surgical condition in which rapid fluid loss results in multiple organ failure due to inadequate circulating volume and subsequent inadequate perfusion. Most often, hypovolemic shock is secondary to rapid blood loss. Acute external blood loss secondary to penetrating trauma and severe GI bleeding disorders are 2 common causes of hemorrhagic shock. Hypovolemic shock can result from significant fluid (other than blood) loss. Two examples of hypovolemic shock secondary to fluid loss include refractory gastroenteritis and extensive burns.
| 3 |
Septicemic shock
|
Neurogenic shock
|
Hypovolemic shock
|
Cardiogenic shock
|
Surgery
| null |
1f6fb330-6121-43f4-98cd-71b166fa9e61
|
single
|
Renin is synthesized as a large preprohormone: Renin is secreted by which among the following?
|
Ans. D. Juxtaglomerular apparatusActive renin:In the juxtaglomerular apparatus and is formed in the secretory granules of the granular cells. Only known function of its is to cleave the decapeptide angiotensin I from the amino terminal end of angiotensinogen i.e. renin substrate.
| 4 |
PCT
|
DCT
|
Collecting duct
|
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
|
Physiology
|
Kidneys and Body Fluids
|
a2861f5d-5614-406b-8e2b-fcee59804fbe
|
single
|
Define perinatal period?
|
Perinatal period: The interval between the bih of an infant born after 20 weeks' gestation and the 28 completed days after that bih. When perinatal rates are based on bihweight, rather than gestational age, it is recommended that the perinatal period is defined as commencing at 500 g.Ref: William&;s Obstetrics; 24th edition; Chapter 1; Overview of Obstetrics
| 1 |
The interval between the bih of an infant born after 20 weeks' gestation and the 28 completed days after that bih
|
The interval between the bih of an infant born after 20 weeks' gestation and the 7 completed days after that bih
|
The interval between the bih of an infant born after 28 weeks' gestation and the 28 completed days after that bih
|
The interval between the bih of an infant born after 28 weeks' gestation and the 7 completed days after that bih
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
|
General obstetrics
|
b61a16c8-9196-48cd-9b27-53b06bbc0bff
|
single
|
Skin is not involved in -
|
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Acute intermittent porphyriaType of PorphyriaNeuropsychiatric symptomsSkin symptoms/PhototoxicityA. Hepatic porphyrias1) Acute intermittent porphyria2) 5-ALA dehydratase deficiency3) Hereditary coproporphyria4) Variegate porphyria5) Porphyria cutanea tarda++++---+++B. Erythropoietic porphyrias1) Erythropoietic protoporphyria2) Congenital erythropoietic porphyria3) X-linked sideroblastic anemia---++-Porphyriaso Porphyrias are heterogenous group of disorders characterized by defective metabolism of porphyrins. Porphyrins are important intermediates in biosynthesis of heme from glycine and succinyl CoA. Each step is controlled by specific enzyme. So, prophyrias are due to inherited or acquired deficiency of enzymes in heme bio-synthetic pathways (also called porphyrin pathway). They manifest with either neurological complications or skin problems (or rarely both). Based on the site of overproduction and accumulation of porphyrins, porphyrias are broadly classified asAcute (hepatic prophyria)Acute intermettant porphyria5-ALA dehydratase deficiencyHereditary CoproporphyriaVariegate porphyriaPorphyria cutanea tardaCutaneous (erythropoeitic) porphyriaErythropeitic protoporphyriaCongenital erythropoeitic porphyriaX-linked sideroblastic Anemiao The acute (hepatic) porphyrias primarily affect nervous system resulting in abdominal pain, vomiting, acute neuropathy, seizures, muscle weakenss, psychiatric/mental symptoms (i.e., Hallucination, depression, anxiety, paronoia); and autonomic nervous disturbances like hypertension, tachycardia, constipation, arrhythmias, sweating,o The cutaneous (erythropoietic) porphyrias primarily affect skin causing photosensitivity (photodermatitis) blisters, itching, maculopapular rash. There is no abdominal pain,o There are some variation in above presentation.Following two types of hepatic (acute) porphyrias also affect skin : - Hereditary coproporphyria and varigated porphyria. Therefore these two have both neuropsychiatric as well as skin manifestations.Porphyria cutanea tarda (a hepatic porphyria) does not have neuropsychiatric symptom, rather it has only skin manifestation.X-linked sideroblastic anemia (an erythropoietic porphyria) has neither neuropsychiatric nor skin symptoms.
| 3 |
Erythropoietic porphyria
|
Porphyria cutanea torda
|
Acute intermittent porphyria
|
Hereditary coproporphyria
|
Skin
|
Vesiculobullous (Blistering) Disorders
|
19133ca4-8f84-4f1a-8f62-d3e76b1e86ac
|
single
|
MEDNIK syndrome - which of the following is true
|
A rare multisystem disorder of copper metabolism with features of both Menke's and Wilson's diseases has been repoed. It is termed the MEDNIK (mental retardation, enteropathy, deafness, neuropathy, ichthyosis, keratodermia) syndrome and is caused by mutations in the AP1S1 gene, which encodes an adaptor protein necessary for intracellular trafficking of copper pump proteins ATP7A (Menke's disease) and ATP7B (Wilson's disease).
| 4 |
Caused by mutations in the AP1S1 gene
|
Disorder of copper metabolism
|
Mental retardation, deafness, neuropathy are seen in this disorder
|
All of the above
|
Medicine
|
Endocrinology
|
0bb0b24e-490a-4ce1-a054-924b6de70a55
|
multi
|
Nerve tested in pupillary reflex is
|
Afferent - 2nd nerve.
Efferent - 3rd nerve.
| 1 |
2nd and 3rd
|
Only 3rd
|
only 2nd
|
3rd and 5th
|
Ophthalmology
| null |
8742256b-6b9e-414f-952e-62273625a63e
|
single
|
Rivastigmine and Donepezil are drugs used predominantly in the management of -
|
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Dementia o Rivastigmine, Donepezil, Galantamine and tacrine all are central cholinesterase inhibitors and are used in senile dementia of Alzheimer's desease.
| 4 |
Depression
|
Dissociation
|
Delusions
|
Dementia
|
Pharmacology
| null |
efa8c6f3-cb24-476a-ab19-70f016d32a58
|
single
|
Sphincter of Oddi consists of
|
The sphincter of Oddi is a muscular valve that controls the flow of digestive juices through the ampulla of vater into the second pa of the duodenum. It is named after ruggero oddi. Ref - BDC 6e vol2 pg259 , britannica.com
| 2 |
2 sphincters
|
3 sphincters
|
4 sphincters
|
5 sphincters
|
Anatomy
|
Abdomen and pelvis
|
f28603ee-fea9-4207-8afc-f5bb0bd167e8
|
single
|
Rabies is identified by -
|
Few Important Bodies in Microbiology
Bollinger bodies — Fowlpox
Brassy body — Dark shrunken blood corpuscle found in malaria
Call exner bodies — Granulosa theca cell tumour
Chromatid bodies — Entamoeba histolytica precyst
Citron bodies — cl. Septicum
Cigar bodies — Sporotrichosis
Councilman bodies — Yellow fever/viral hepatitis
Coccoid X bodies — Psittacosis
Donovan bodies — Granuloma inguinale (LGV)
Guarnieri bodies — Inclusion bodies of vaccinia
Henderson paterson bodies — Molluscum contagiosum
Levinthal cole lillie bodies — Psittacosis
Mooser bodies — Endemic typhus
Negri bodies — Rabies
Paschen bodies — Vaccinia, variola
Ross’s bodies — Syphilis
Sclerotic bodies — Chromoblastomycosis
| 2 |
Guarnieri bodies
|
Negri bodies
|
Cowdry A bodies
|
Cowdry B bodies
|
Microbiology
| null |
fdc021aa-a766-4103-9d0a-60e96877138b
|
single
|
A 24-year-old woman presents with abdominal pain, joint discomfort, and lower limb rash. She was well until 1 week before presentation. On examination, she has a palpable purpuric rash on her legs, nonspecific abdominal discomfort, and no active joints. She has 3+ proteinuria, normal WBC, no eosinophils, and elevated creatinine of 1.6 mg/dL. Biopsy of the rash confirms vasculitis with immunoglobulin A (IgA) 3+and C3 (complement 3) deposition on immunofluorescence.For the above patient with vasculitis syndrome, select the most likely diagnosis.
|
Henoch-Schonlein purpura, characterized by palpable purpura, arthralgias, GI symptoms, and glomerulonephritis, can be seen in any age-group but is most common in children. It can resolve and recur several times over a period of weeks or months and can resolve spontaneously.
| 3 |
polyarteritis nodosa (PAN)
|
Churg-Strauss disease
|
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
|
vasculitis associated with infectious diseases
|
Medicine
|
Immunology and Rheumatology
|
d7fc1874-20b6-4ede-858c-12d8ae7a0387
|
multi
|
In acute intermittent porphyria which enzyme is deficient?
|
It is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. PBG-deaminase (uroporphyrinogen-I-synthase) is deficient. 2. This leads to a secondary increase in the activity of ALA synthase since the end-product inhibition is not effective. The levels of ALA and PBG are elevated in blood and urine. As they are colorless compounds, urine is colorless when voided, but the color is increased on standing due to photo-oxidation of PBG to porphobilin. Hence urine samples for PBG estimation should be freshly collected and transpoed in dark bottles. Porphyrins are not excreted or elevated in blood; so there is no photosensitivity.Ref: DM Vasudevan, Page no: 246
| 2 |
ALA synthase
|
Uroporphyrinogen I synthase
|
Uroporphyrinogen II synthase
|
Uroporphyrinogen III synthase
|
Biochemistry
|
Enzymes
|
809686b3-7ed8-4af4-ae6f-33a0092ede82
|
single
|
A 72 year old male presented with complete rectal prolapse with
history of constipation from the last 10 years. Management for this
patient Is
|
For young pts - Abdominal rectopexy is preferred.
For old pts - perineal rectopexy is preferred (delormes, altamaier).
Underlying cause must be treated.
| 1 |
Delorme procedure
|
Well’s resection
|
Abdominal Rectopexy
|
Resection Rectopexy
|
Surgery
| null |
2238e46f-0d77-412e-9063-9ba12f0727ce
|
single
|
The most impoant example of a compensated hemolytic anemia becomes decompensated, is when:
|
A patient with a hemolytic condition may present without anemia (Compensated hemolytic anemia) It becomes decompensated in Pregnancy Folate deficiency Renal failure (Interfering with adequate EPO production). Also in Acute infections- which depresses erythropoiesis. The most dramatic example is parvovirus B19 infection, which may lead to aplastic crisis. Ref: Harrison, E-18,P-873.
| 2 |
Infected with TB
|
Infected with parvovirus B19
|
Liver disease
|
Renal cell carcinoma
|
Medicine
| null |
9ed1fec9-add8-4ebe-8646-082e0be3cb20
|
single
|
A 31 year old female patient complainsts of bilateral impairment of hearing for the 5 year.On examination, tympanic membrane is normal and audiomgram shows a bilateral conductive deafness. Impedance audiometry shows As type of curve and acoustic reflexes are absent. All constitute part of treatment,except -
| null | 4 |
Hearing aid
|
Stapedectomy
|
Sodium fluoride
|
Gentamycin
|
ENT
| null |
de086c94-2c35-4a25-8576-a645e7407aa3
|
multi
|
Powerful vasoconstrictor is?
|
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Epinephrine Among the given options, only epinephrine has significant action on a-receptor, thus causes vasoconstriction. Svmpathomimetic drugs Non selective Adrenaline - a, + a, + 13, + [3, Noradrenaline- a, + a, + [3, + Slight 13, no. 132 Isoprenaline- R + [32+ 133 but no a action Mephentramine- a and 13 Selective al agonists - Phenylephrine, methoxamine, naphazoline, oxymetazoline, xylometazoline. a, agonists- Clonidine, methyldopa, brimonidine, apraclonidine, guanfacine, guanabenz 13, agonists- Prenalternol, dobutamine [3, agonsits - Salbutamol, terbutaline, salmeterol, orciprenaline, ritodrine, isotharine, bitolterol, pirbuterol, tenoterol, formoterol.
| 2 |
Amphetamines
|
Epinephrine
|
Isopreenaline
|
Dobutamine
|
Pharmacology
| null |
e8f3e8bc-ee92-4a87-aaef-cc9128cf9e0d
|
single
|
All of the following statements are true regarding ligamentum denticulatum except
|
Ligamentum denticulatum is not a modification of arachnoid mater. It is a modification of the pia mater. The ligamentum denticulatum is a flat fibrous sheet on either side of the spinal cord present between the ventral and dorsal spinal roots. It serves as a neurosurgical landmark for hemisectioning of the spinal cord. (Option C) Its medial border is continuous with the subpial connective tissue and lateral border forms a series of 21 triangular processes on each side connecting it to the dura mater giving it a serrated appearance. (option B and Option D) The lowest of the dentate ligaments lies between the T12 and L1 spinal nerves. Ref: Gray&;s Anatomy 41st edition Pgno: 765
| 1 |
It is a modification of arachnoid mater
|
They are 2 in number on each side with 21 triangular processes
|
It serves as a neurosurgical landmark for AP sectioning of spinal cord
|
Its having a serrated appearance
|
Anatomy
|
Brain
|
c470eba5-1ec3-408c-9c22-2e240f4e0d3e
|
multi
|
Wrong about clonidine is ?
|
Ans. is 'b' i.e., First line for ADHD o Behavioural therapy is the first line therapy for the treatment of ADHD. The first line drug for ADHD is Methylphenidate. Clonidine It acts (paial agonist) on areceptors, especially a2 in brainstem - Stimulation of a2A receptors in medulla (vasomotor centre) - decrease sympathetic outflow - fall in BP and bradycardia (also due to enhanced vagal tone). Uses of clonidine Hypeension Opioid withdrawal Menopausal syndrome Alcohol withdrawal Smoking cessation Loose motions in diabetic neuropathy
| 2 |
Alpha 2 receptor agonist
|
First line for ADHD
|
Sudden withdrawal causes rebound hypeension
|
Controls loose motions due to diabetic neuropathy
|
Pharmacology
| null |
21b668a5-7de5-402b-868d-cee736a62d91
|
single
|
A 25 years old man marries a 13 years girl and has intercourse with her, this constitutes rape as she is-
|
Sexual intercourse with wife, even with her consent is rape, if she is below 15 years of age.
| 1 |
<15 years age
|
<14 years age
|
<21 years age
|
No consent taken from wife
|
Forensic Medicine
| null |
bfddc441-8b13-42d2-a06e-de13883eef99
|
single
|
'Gamma knife' is a term used to denote which of the methods of treatment?
|
Gamma Knife radiosurgery allows for the destruction of a brain lesions without cutting the skin. By focusing many small beams of of radiation on abnormal brain tissue the abnormality can be destroyed while preserving the normal surrounding structures. The Gamma Knife uses 201 narrow beam Cobalt 60 sources all aimed at a common focal point. When the intracranial abnormality is placed at this focal point it can be effectively destroyed. Conditions treatable with Gamma Knife Radiosurgery include: metastatic brain tumors, aeriovenous malformations, acoustic neuromas, meningiomas, pituitary adenomas, and tic doulouroux (trigeminal neuralgia). Patients with malignant tumors, including gliomas and astrocytomas, may also be candidates for Gamma Knife treatment.
| 1 |
Radiotherapy
|
Chemotherapy
|
Nuclear medicine
|
Radioisotope scan
|
Radiology
| null |
0d015449-3054-40a9-8daa-66d545dc9011
|
single
|
A child having H/0 profuse watery diarrhoea not taking oraly and not passed urine since 2 days, what to be given
|
Ans. is 'c' i.e., I.V. fluid Child having history of profuse watery diarrhoea with poor oral intake and not passed urine since 2 days is suffering from diarrhoea with dehydration and probably acute renal failure of pre renal types. Here best choice is intravenous I.V. fluid If I.V. access not possible, then you can give feed through Ryle's tube or intra osseous fluid.
| 3 |
Milk
|
ORS
|
I.V. fluid
|
I.V. antibiotic
|
Pediatrics
| null |
ab08b548-3783-468c-9522-70c94d5470c6
|
single
|
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