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Manderlay is a 2005 avant-garde drama film written and directed by Lars von Trier, the second and final part of von Trier's projected USA – Land of Opportunities trilogy. It stars Bryce Dallas Howard, who replaces Nicole Kidman in the role of Grace Mulligan. The film co-stars Willem Dafoe, replacing James Caan. Lauren Bacall, Željko Ivanek, Jeremy Davies, and Chloë Sevigny return portraying different characters from those in Dogville.
Only John Hurt, Udo Kier, and Jean-Marc Barr reprise their roles. The film was internationally co-produced with seven different European countries.
The staging is very similar to Dogville, which was shot on a sparsely dressed sound stage. As in the case of Dogville, Manderlay's action is confined to a small geographic area, in this case a plantation. The film is dedicated in memory of a French film producer, Humbert Balsan (1954-2005).
Plot
The film is told in eight straight chapters:
In which we happen upon Manderlay and meet the people there
"The freed enterprise of Manderlay"
"The Old Lady's Garden"
In which Grace means business
"Shoulder to Shoulder"
Hard times at Manderlay
"Harvest"
In which Grace settles with Manderlay and the film endsSet in 1933, the film takes up the story of Grace and her father after burning the town of Dogville at the end of the previous film. Grace and her father travel in convoy with a number of gunmen through rural Alabama where they stop briefly outside a plantation called Manderlay. As the gangsters converse, a black woman emerges from Manderlay's front gates complaining that someone is about to be whipped for stealing a bottle of wine.
Grace enters the plantation and learns that within it, slavery persists, roughly 70 years after the American Civil War and the Emancipation Proclamation. Grace is appalled and insists on staying at the plantation with a small contingent of gunmen and her father's lawyer, Joseph, in order to guarantee the slaves' safe transition to freedom. Shortly after Grace's father and the remaining gangsters depart, Mam, the master of the house, dies, but not before asking Grace to burn a notebook containing "Mam's Law," an exhaustive code of conduct for the entire plantation and all its inhabitants, free and slave. She reads the descriptions of each variety of slave that can be encountered, which include:
Group 1: Proudy Nigger
Group 2: Talkin' Nigger
Group 3: Weepin' Nigger
Group 4: Hittin' Nigger
Group 5: Clownin' Nigger
Group 6: Losin' Nigger
Group 7: Pleasin' Nigger (also known as a chameleon, a person of the kind who can transform himself into exactly the type the beholder would like to see)The principal seven divisions are each populated by a single adult slave at Manderlay, who congregate daily and converse on a "parade ground," with Roman numerals of the numbers 1 through 7 designating where each slave stands. "Mam's Law" contains further provisions against the use of cash by slaves, or the felling of trees on the property for timber.
All of this information disgusts Grace and inspires her to take charge of the plantation in order to punish the slave owners and prepare the slaves for life as free individuals. In order to guarantee that the former slaves will not continue to be exploited as sharecroppers, Grace orders Joseph to draw up contracts for all Manderlay's inhabitants, institutionalizing a form of cooperative living in which the white family works as slaves and the blacks collectively own the plantation and its crops. Throughout this process, Grace lectures all those present about the notions of freedom and democracy, using rhetoric entirely in keeping with the ideology of racial equality which most contemporary Americans had yet to embrace.
However, as the film progresses, Grace fails to embed these principles in Manderlay's community in a form she considers satisfactory. Furthermore, her suggestions for improving the conditions of the community backfire on several occasions, such as using the surrounding trees for timber, which leaves the crops vulnerable to dust storms. After a year of such tribulations, the community harvests its cotton and successfully sells it, marking the high point of Grace's involvement. Subsequently, she un-enthusiastically has sex with one of the ex-slaves who also steals and gambles away all of the cotton profits. Finally admitting her failure, Grace contacts her father and attempts to leave the plantation only to be stopped by the plantation's blacks. At this point it is revealed that "Mam's Law" was not conceived and enforced by Mam or any of the other whites, but instead by Wilhelm, the community's eldest member, as a means of maintaining the status quo after the abolition of slavery, protecting the blacks from a hostile outside world. As in many von Trier films, the idealistic main character becomes frustrated by the reality he or she encounters.
Cast
Production
Nicole Kidman and James Caan did not return in the film, the former due to scheduling conflicts while the latter disapproves the film, which was subjected by Caan as anti-American culture and slavery.
In terror over her sex scene, Bryce Dallas Howard said she went through it in a hypnotic state. After the first take she excused herself and went to the bathroom to collect her thoughts. Then she just started to look at it as some sort of comedic scene. "Just in my head. And interestingly enough, Lars kind of felt that. The scene wasn't written funny at all, but there are some really eccentric and absurd moments in that scene that people tend to chuckle at."
Donkey killing
During production, a donkey was slaughtered for dramatic purposes. The scene was cut from the film before it was released.
Release
Critical reception
Manderlay received mixed reviews from critics. As of March 2022, the film holds a 50% approval rating on review aggregation site Rotten Tomatoes, based on 103 reviews with an average rating of 5.70/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "Manderlay may work better as a political statement than as a film, making its points at the expense of telling a compelling story." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 46 out of 100, based on 29 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".Anthony Lane of The New Yorker said, "Von Trier is not so much a filmmaker as a misanthropic mesmerist, who uses movies to bend the viewer to his humorless will," while Josh Kun of the Los Angeles Times added, "Trier gets lost in his own rhetoric."Conversely, The Guardian film critic Peter Bradshaw and Roger Ebert both gave the film mildly positive reviews. While noting, "Many moviegoers are likely to like the film less than the discussion it drags them into," Ebert opined, "The crucial difference between Manderlay and the almost unbearable Dogville is not that [von Trier's] politics have changed, but that his sense of mercy for the audience has been awakened." Peter Bradshaw claimed that Manderlay "is a wind-up, but an effective wind-up," and wrote of von Trier's Land of Opportunities trilogy, "My guess is you can throw away the first and third movies and keep this one."
Box office
The film took a total of $674,918 from 12 countries.
Accolades
Manderlay was entered into the 2005 Cannes Film Festival.
Soundtrack
The Manderlay soundtrack, including songs from the film Dogville, was arranged by composer Joachim Holbek, and released through Milan Records.
"Dogville Overture" – (Vivaldi Concert in G Major)
"Thoughts of Tom" – (Handel Concerto Grosso in D Major)
"Happy at Work" – (Oboe Concerto Albinoni Concerto For Oboe in D Minor)
"Dogville Theme" – (Vivaldi Concert in G Major)
"The Gifts" – (Flute And Cembalo Vivaldi Concerto For Flute in D Minor)
"Happy Times in Dogville" – (Albinoni Concerto For Oboe in D Minor)
"Fast Motion" – (Vivaldi Concert in G Major)
"The Fog" – (Vivaldi "Madrigalesco" RV 139)
"Grace Gets Angry" – (Vivaldi "Nisi Dominus" RV 608)
"Change of Time" – (Pergolesi "Stabat Mater")
"Manderlay Theme" – (Vivaldi Concerto For Basson in a Minor)
"Mam's Death" – (Vivaldi Concert in G Minor)
"The Child" – (Vivaldi "Al Santo Sepolcro" and Pergolesi "Quando Corpus Morietur")
"The Swallows Arrive" – (Handel Aria)
"Young Americans" – David Bowie
See also
List of films featuring slavery
References
External links
Manderlay at IMDb
Manderlay at Box Office Mojo
Manderlay at Rotten Tomatoes
Manderlay at Metacritic
|
screenwriter
|
{
"answer_start": [
67
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"text": [
"Lars von Trier"
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|
Manderlay is a 2005 avant-garde drama film written and directed by Lars von Trier, the second and final part of von Trier's projected USA – Land of Opportunities trilogy. It stars Bryce Dallas Howard, who replaces Nicole Kidman in the role of Grace Mulligan. The film co-stars Willem Dafoe, replacing James Caan. Lauren Bacall, Željko Ivanek, Jeremy Davies, and Chloë Sevigny return portraying different characters from those in Dogville.
Only John Hurt, Udo Kier, and Jean-Marc Barr reprise their roles. The film was internationally co-produced with seven different European countries.
The staging is very similar to Dogville, which was shot on a sparsely dressed sound stage. As in the case of Dogville, Manderlay's action is confined to a small geographic area, in this case a plantation. The film is dedicated in memory of a French film producer, Humbert Balsan (1954-2005).
Plot
The film is told in eight straight chapters:
In which we happen upon Manderlay and meet the people there
"The freed enterprise of Manderlay"
"The Old Lady's Garden"
In which Grace means business
"Shoulder to Shoulder"
Hard times at Manderlay
"Harvest"
In which Grace settles with Manderlay and the film endsSet in 1933, the film takes up the story of Grace and her father after burning the town of Dogville at the end of the previous film. Grace and her father travel in convoy with a number of gunmen through rural Alabama where they stop briefly outside a plantation called Manderlay. As the gangsters converse, a black woman emerges from Manderlay's front gates complaining that someone is about to be whipped for stealing a bottle of wine.
Grace enters the plantation and learns that within it, slavery persists, roughly 70 years after the American Civil War and the Emancipation Proclamation. Grace is appalled and insists on staying at the plantation with a small contingent of gunmen and her father's lawyer, Joseph, in order to guarantee the slaves' safe transition to freedom. Shortly after Grace's father and the remaining gangsters depart, Mam, the master of the house, dies, but not before asking Grace to burn a notebook containing "Mam's Law," an exhaustive code of conduct for the entire plantation and all its inhabitants, free and slave. She reads the descriptions of each variety of slave that can be encountered, which include:
Group 1: Proudy Nigger
Group 2: Talkin' Nigger
Group 3: Weepin' Nigger
Group 4: Hittin' Nigger
Group 5: Clownin' Nigger
Group 6: Losin' Nigger
Group 7: Pleasin' Nigger (also known as a chameleon, a person of the kind who can transform himself into exactly the type the beholder would like to see)The principal seven divisions are each populated by a single adult slave at Manderlay, who congregate daily and converse on a "parade ground," with Roman numerals of the numbers 1 through 7 designating where each slave stands. "Mam's Law" contains further provisions against the use of cash by slaves, or the felling of trees on the property for timber.
All of this information disgusts Grace and inspires her to take charge of the plantation in order to punish the slave owners and prepare the slaves for life as free individuals. In order to guarantee that the former slaves will not continue to be exploited as sharecroppers, Grace orders Joseph to draw up contracts for all Manderlay's inhabitants, institutionalizing a form of cooperative living in which the white family works as slaves and the blacks collectively own the plantation and its crops. Throughout this process, Grace lectures all those present about the notions of freedom and democracy, using rhetoric entirely in keeping with the ideology of racial equality which most contemporary Americans had yet to embrace.
However, as the film progresses, Grace fails to embed these principles in Manderlay's community in a form she considers satisfactory. Furthermore, her suggestions for improving the conditions of the community backfire on several occasions, such as using the surrounding trees for timber, which leaves the crops vulnerable to dust storms. After a year of such tribulations, the community harvests its cotton and successfully sells it, marking the high point of Grace's involvement. Subsequently, she un-enthusiastically has sex with one of the ex-slaves who also steals and gambles away all of the cotton profits. Finally admitting her failure, Grace contacts her father and attempts to leave the plantation only to be stopped by the plantation's blacks. At this point it is revealed that "Mam's Law" was not conceived and enforced by Mam or any of the other whites, but instead by Wilhelm, the community's eldest member, as a means of maintaining the status quo after the abolition of slavery, protecting the blacks from a hostile outside world. As in many von Trier films, the idealistic main character becomes frustrated by the reality he or she encounters.
Cast
Production
Nicole Kidman and James Caan did not return in the film, the former due to scheduling conflicts while the latter disapproves the film, which was subjected by Caan as anti-American culture and slavery.
In terror over her sex scene, Bryce Dallas Howard said she went through it in a hypnotic state. After the first take she excused herself and went to the bathroom to collect her thoughts. Then she just started to look at it as some sort of comedic scene. "Just in my head. And interestingly enough, Lars kind of felt that. The scene wasn't written funny at all, but there are some really eccentric and absurd moments in that scene that people tend to chuckle at."
Donkey killing
During production, a donkey was slaughtered for dramatic purposes. The scene was cut from the film before it was released.
Release
Critical reception
Manderlay received mixed reviews from critics. As of March 2022, the film holds a 50% approval rating on review aggregation site Rotten Tomatoes, based on 103 reviews with an average rating of 5.70/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "Manderlay may work better as a political statement than as a film, making its points at the expense of telling a compelling story." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 46 out of 100, based on 29 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".Anthony Lane of The New Yorker said, "Von Trier is not so much a filmmaker as a misanthropic mesmerist, who uses movies to bend the viewer to his humorless will," while Josh Kun of the Los Angeles Times added, "Trier gets lost in his own rhetoric."Conversely, The Guardian film critic Peter Bradshaw and Roger Ebert both gave the film mildly positive reviews. While noting, "Many moviegoers are likely to like the film less than the discussion it drags them into," Ebert opined, "The crucial difference between Manderlay and the almost unbearable Dogville is not that [von Trier's] politics have changed, but that his sense of mercy for the audience has been awakened." Peter Bradshaw claimed that Manderlay "is a wind-up, but an effective wind-up," and wrote of von Trier's Land of Opportunities trilogy, "My guess is you can throw away the first and third movies and keep this one."
Box office
The film took a total of $674,918 from 12 countries.
Accolades
Manderlay was entered into the 2005 Cannes Film Festival.
Soundtrack
The Manderlay soundtrack, including songs from the film Dogville, was arranged by composer Joachim Holbek, and released through Milan Records.
"Dogville Overture" – (Vivaldi Concert in G Major)
"Thoughts of Tom" – (Handel Concerto Grosso in D Major)
"Happy at Work" – (Oboe Concerto Albinoni Concerto For Oboe in D Minor)
"Dogville Theme" – (Vivaldi Concert in G Major)
"The Gifts" – (Flute And Cembalo Vivaldi Concerto For Flute in D Minor)
"Happy Times in Dogville" – (Albinoni Concerto For Oboe in D Minor)
"Fast Motion" – (Vivaldi Concert in G Major)
"The Fog" – (Vivaldi "Madrigalesco" RV 139)
"Grace Gets Angry" – (Vivaldi "Nisi Dominus" RV 608)
"Change of Time" – (Pergolesi "Stabat Mater")
"Manderlay Theme" – (Vivaldi Concerto For Basson in a Minor)
"Mam's Death" – (Vivaldi Concert in G Minor)
"The Child" – (Vivaldi "Al Santo Sepolcro" and Pergolesi "Quando Corpus Morietur")
"The Swallows Arrive" – (Handel Aria)
"Young Americans" – David Bowie
See also
List of films featuring slavery
References
External links
Manderlay at IMDb
Manderlay at Box Office Mojo
Manderlay at Rotten Tomatoes
Manderlay at Metacritic
|
composer
|
{
"answer_start": [
7347
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"text": [
"Joachim Holbek"
]
}
|
Manderlay is a 2005 avant-garde drama film written and directed by Lars von Trier, the second and final part of von Trier's projected USA – Land of Opportunities trilogy. It stars Bryce Dallas Howard, who replaces Nicole Kidman in the role of Grace Mulligan. The film co-stars Willem Dafoe, replacing James Caan. Lauren Bacall, Željko Ivanek, Jeremy Davies, and Chloë Sevigny return portraying different characters from those in Dogville.
Only John Hurt, Udo Kier, and Jean-Marc Barr reprise their roles. The film was internationally co-produced with seven different European countries.
The staging is very similar to Dogville, which was shot on a sparsely dressed sound stage. As in the case of Dogville, Manderlay's action is confined to a small geographic area, in this case a plantation. The film is dedicated in memory of a French film producer, Humbert Balsan (1954-2005).
Plot
The film is told in eight straight chapters:
In which we happen upon Manderlay and meet the people there
"The freed enterprise of Manderlay"
"The Old Lady's Garden"
In which Grace means business
"Shoulder to Shoulder"
Hard times at Manderlay
"Harvest"
In which Grace settles with Manderlay and the film endsSet in 1933, the film takes up the story of Grace and her father after burning the town of Dogville at the end of the previous film. Grace and her father travel in convoy with a number of gunmen through rural Alabama where they stop briefly outside a plantation called Manderlay. As the gangsters converse, a black woman emerges from Manderlay's front gates complaining that someone is about to be whipped for stealing a bottle of wine.
Grace enters the plantation and learns that within it, slavery persists, roughly 70 years after the American Civil War and the Emancipation Proclamation. Grace is appalled and insists on staying at the plantation with a small contingent of gunmen and her father's lawyer, Joseph, in order to guarantee the slaves' safe transition to freedom. Shortly after Grace's father and the remaining gangsters depart, Mam, the master of the house, dies, but not before asking Grace to burn a notebook containing "Mam's Law," an exhaustive code of conduct for the entire plantation and all its inhabitants, free and slave. She reads the descriptions of each variety of slave that can be encountered, which include:
Group 1: Proudy Nigger
Group 2: Talkin' Nigger
Group 3: Weepin' Nigger
Group 4: Hittin' Nigger
Group 5: Clownin' Nigger
Group 6: Losin' Nigger
Group 7: Pleasin' Nigger (also known as a chameleon, a person of the kind who can transform himself into exactly the type the beholder would like to see)The principal seven divisions are each populated by a single adult slave at Manderlay, who congregate daily and converse on a "parade ground," with Roman numerals of the numbers 1 through 7 designating where each slave stands. "Mam's Law" contains further provisions against the use of cash by slaves, or the felling of trees on the property for timber.
All of this information disgusts Grace and inspires her to take charge of the plantation in order to punish the slave owners and prepare the slaves for life as free individuals. In order to guarantee that the former slaves will not continue to be exploited as sharecroppers, Grace orders Joseph to draw up contracts for all Manderlay's inhabitants, institutionalizing a form of cooperative living in which the white family works as slaves and the blacks collectively own the plantation and its crops. Throughout this process, Grace lectures all those present about the notions of freedom and democracy, using rhetoric entirely in keeping with the ideology of racial equality which most contemporary Americans had yet to embrace.
However, as the film progresses, Grace fails to embed these principles in Manderlay's community in a form she considers satisfactory. Furthermore, her suggestions for improving the conditions of the community backfire on several occasions, such as using the surrounding trees for timber, which leaves the crops vulnerable to dust storms. After a year of such tribulations, the community harvests its cotton and successfully sells it, marking the high point of Grace's involvement. Subsequently, she un-enthusiastically has sex with one of the ex-slaves who also steals and gambles away all of the cotton profits. Finally admitting her failure, Grace contacts her father and attempts to leave the plantation only to be stopped by the plantation's blacks. At this point it is revealed that "Mam's Law" was not conceived and enforced by Mam or any of the other whites, but instead by Wilhelm, the community's eldest member, as a means of maintaining the status quo after the abolition of slavery, protecting the blacks from a hostile outside world. As in many von Trier films, the idealistic main character becomes frustrated by the reality he or she encounters.
Cast
Production
Nicole Kidman and James Caan did not return in the film, the former due to scheduling conflicts while the latter disapproves the film, which was subjected by Caan as anti-American culture and slavery.
In terror over her sex scene, Bryce Dallas Howard said she went through it in a hypnotic state. After the first take she excused herself and went to the bathroom to collect her thoughts. Then she just started to look at it as some sort of comedic scene. "Just in my head. And interestingly enough, Lars kind of felt that. The scene wasn't written funny at all, but there are some really eccentric and absurd moments in that scene that people tend to chuckle at."
Donkey killing
During production, a donkey was slaughtered for dramatic purposes. The scene was cut from the film before it was released.
Release
Critical reception
Manderlay received mixed reviews from critics. As of March 2022, the film holds a 50% approval rating on review aggregation site Rotten Tomatoes, based on 103 reviews with an average rating of 5.70/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "Manderlay may work better as a political statement than as a film, making its points at the expense of telling a compelling story." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 46 out of 100, based on 29 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".Anthony Lane of The New Yorker said, "Von Trier is not so much a filmmaker as a misanthropic mesmerist, who uses movies to bend the viewer to his humorless will," while Josh Kun of the Los Angeles Times added, "Trier gets lost in his own rhetoric."Conversely, The Guardian film critic Peter Bradshaw and Roger Ebert both gave the film mildly positive reviews. While noting, "Many moviegoers are likely to like the film less than the discussion it drags them into," Ebert opined, "The crucial difference between Manderlay and the almost unbearable Dogville is not that [von Trier's] politics have changed, but that his sense of mercy for the audience has been awakened." Peter Bradshaw claimed that Manderlay "is a wind-up, but an effective wind-up," and wrote of von Trier's Land of Opportunities trilogy, "My guess is you can throw away the first and third movies and keep this one."
Box office
The film took a total of $674,918 from 12 countries.
Accolades
Manderlay was entered into the 2005 Cannes Film Festival.
Soundtrack
The Manderlay soundtrack, including songs from the film Dogville, was arranged by composer Joachim Holbek, and released through Milan Records.
"Dogville Overture" – (Vivaldi Concert in G Major)
"Thoughts of Tom" – (Handel Concerto Grosso in D Major)
"Happy at Work" – (Oboe Concerto Albinoni Concerto For Oboe in D Minor)
"Dogville Theme" – (Vivaldi Concert in G Major)
"The Gifts" – (Flute And Cembalo Vivaldi Concerto For Flute in D Minor)
"Happy Times in Dogville" – (Albinoni Concerto For Oboe in D Minor)
"Fast Motion" – (Vivaldi Concert in G Major)
"The Fog" – (Vivaldi "Madrigalesco" RV 139)
"Grace Gets Angry" – (Vivaldi "Nisi Dominus" RV 608)
"Change of Time" – (Pergolesi "Stabat Mater")
"Manderlay Theme" – (Vivaldi Concerto For Basson in a Minor)
"Mam's Death" – (Vivaldi Concert in G Minor)
"The Child" – (Vivaldi "Al Santo Sepolcro" and Pergolesi "Quando Corpus Morietur")
"The Swallows Arrive" – (Handel Aria)
"Young Americans" – David Bowie
See also
List of films featuring slavery
References
External links
Manderlay at IMDb
Manderlay at Box Office Mojo
Manderlay at Rotten Tomatoes
Manderlay at Metacritic
|
genre
|
{
"answer_start": [
32
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"text": [
"drama film"
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}
|
Manderlay is a 2005 avant-garde drama film written and directed by Lars von Trier, the second and final part of von Trier's projected USA – Land of Opportunities trilogy. It stars Bryce Dallas Howard, who replaces Nicole Kidman in the role of Grace Mulligan. The film co-stars Willem Dafoe, replacing James Caan. Lauren Bacall, Željko Ivanek, Jeremy Davies, and Chloë Sevigny return portraying different characters from those in Dogville.
Only John Hurt, Udo Kier, and Jean-Marc Barr reprise their roles. The film was internationally co-produced with seven different European countries.
The staging is very similar to Dogville, which was shot on a sparsely dressed sound stage. As in the case of Dogville, Manderlay's action is confined to a small geographic area, in this case a plantation. The film is dedicated in memory of a French film producer, Humbert Balsan (1954-2005).
Plot
The film is told in eight straight chapters:
In which we happen upon Manderlay and meet the people there
"The freed enterprise of Manderlay"
"The Old Lady's Garden"
In which Grace means business
"Shoulder to Shoulder"
Hard times at Manderlay
"Harvest"
In which Grace settles with Manderlay and the film endsSet in 1933, the film takes up the story of Grace and her father after burning the town of Dogville at the end of the previous film. Grace and her father travel in convoy with a number of gunmen through rural Alabama where they stop briefly outside a plantation called Manderlay. As the gangsters converse, a black woman emerges from Manderlay's front gates complaining that someone is about to be whipped for stealing a bottle of wine.
Grace enters the plantation and learns that within it, slavery persists, roughly 70 years after the American Civil War and the Emancipation Proclamation. Grace is appalled and insists on staying at the plantation with a small contingent of gunmen and her father's lawyer, Joseph, in order to guarantee the slaves' safe transition to freedom. Shortly after Grace's father and the remaining gangsters depart, Mam, the master of the house, dies, but not before asking Grace to burn a notebook containing "Mam's Law," an exhaustive code of conduct for the entire plantation and all its inhabitants, free and slave. She reads the descriptions of each variety of slave that can be encountered, which include:
Group 1: Proudy Nigger
Group 2: Talkin' Nigger
Group 3: Weepin' Nigger
Group 4: Hittin' Nigger
Group 5: Clownin' Nigger
Group 6: Losin' Nigger
Group 7: Pleasin' Nigger (also known as a chameleon, a person of the kind who can transform himself into exactly the type the beholder would like to see)The principal seven divisions are each populated by a single adult slave at Manderlay, who congregate daily and converse on a "parade ground," with Roman numerals of the numbers 1 through 7 designating where each slave stands. "Mam's Law" contains further provisions against the use of cash by slaves, or the felling of trees on the property for timber.
All of this information disgusts Grace and inspires her to take charge of the plantation in order to punish the slave owners and prepare the slaves for life as free individuals. In order to guarantee that the former slaves will not continue to be exploited as sharecroppers, Grace orders Joseph to draw up contracts for all Manderlay's inhabitants, institutionalizing a form of cooperative living in which the white family works as slaves and the blacks collectively own the plantation and its crops. Throughout this process, Grace lectures all those present about the notions of freedom and democracy, using rhetoric entirely in keeping with the ideology of racial equality which most contemporary Americans had yet to embrace.
However, as the film progresses, Grace fails to embed these principles in Manderlay's community in a form she considers satisfactory. Furthermore, her suggestions for improving the conditions of the community backfire on several occasions, such as using the surrounding trees for timber, which leaves the crops vulnerable to dust storms. After a year of such tribulations, the community harvests its cotton and successfully sells it, marking the high point of Grace's involvement. Subsequently, she un-enthusiastically has sex with one of the ex-slaves who also steals and gambles away all of the cotton profits. Finally admitting her failure, Grace contacts her father and attempts to leave the plantation only to be stopped by the plantation's blacks. At this point it is revealed that "Mam's Law" was not conceived and enforced by Mam or any of the other whites, but instead by Wilhelm, the community's eldest member, as a means of maintaining the status quo after the abolition of slavery, protecting the blacks from a hostile outside world. As in many von Trier films, the idealistic main character becomes frustrated by the reality he or she encounters.
Cast
Production
Nicole Kidman and James Caan did not return in the film, the former due to scheduling conflicts while the latter disapproves the film, which was subjected by Caan as anti-American culture and slavery.
In terror over her sex scene, Bryce Dallas Howard said she went through it in a hypnotic state. After the first take she excused herself and went to the bathroom to collect her thoughts. Then she just started to look at it as some sort of comedic scene. "Just in my head. And interestingly enough, Lars kind of felt that. The scene wasn't written funny at all, but there are some really eccentric and absurd moments in that scene that people tend to chuckle at."
Donkey killing
During production, a donkey was slaughtered for dramatic purposes. The scene was cut from the film before it was released.
Release
Critical reception
Manderlay received mixed reviews from critics. As of March 2022, the film holds a 50% approval rating on review aggregation site Rotten Tomatoes, based on 103 reviews with an average rating of 5.70/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "Manderlay may work better as a political statement than as a film, making its points at the expense of telling a compelling story." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 46 out of 100, based on 29 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".Anthony Lane of The New Yorker said, "Von Trier is not so much a filmmaker as a misanthropic mesmerist, who uses movies to bend the viewer to his humorless will," while Josh Kun of the Los Angeles Times added, "Trier gets lost in his own rhetoric."Conversely, The Guardian film critic Peter Bradshaw and Roger Ebert both gave the film mildly positive reviews. While noting, "Many moviegoers are likely to like the film less than the discussion it drags them into," Ebert opined, "The crucial difference between Manderlay and the almost unbearable Dogville is not that [von Trier's] politics have changed, but that his sense of mercy for the audience has been awakened." Peter Bradshaw claimed that Manderlay "is a wind-up, but an effective wind-up," and wrote of von Trier's Land of Opportunities trilogy, "My guess is you can throw away the first and third movies and keep this one."
Box office
The film took a total of $674,918 from 12 countries.
Accolades
Manderlay was entered into the 2005 Cannes Film Festival.
Soundtrack
The Manderlay soundtrack, including songs from the film Dogville, was arranged by composer Joachim Holbek, and released through Milan Records.
"Dogville Overture" – (Vivaldi Concert in G Major)
"Thoughts of Tom" – (Handel Concerto Grosso in D Major)
"Happy at Work" – (Oboe Concerto Albinoni Concerto For Oboe in D Minor)
"Dogville Theme" – (Vivaldi Concert in G Major)
"The Gifts" – (Flute And Cembalo Vivaldi Concerto For Flute in D Minor)
"Happy Times in Dogville" – (Albinoni Concerto For Oboe in D Minor)
"Fast Motion" – (Vivaldi Concert in G Major)
"The Fog" – (Vivaldi "Madrigalesco" RV 139)
"Grace Gets Angry" – (Vivaldi "Nisi Dominus" RV 608)
"Change of Time" – (Pergolesi "Stabat Mater")
"Manderlay Theme" – (Vivaldi Concerto For Basson in a Minor)
"Mam's Death" – (Vivaldi Concert in G Minor)
"The Child" – (Vivaldi "Al Santo Sepolcro" and Pergolesi "Quando Corpus Morietur")
"The Swallows Arrive" – (Handel Aria)
"Young Americans" – David Bowie
See also
List of films featuring slavery
References
External links
Manderlay at IMDb
Manderlay at Box Office Mojo
Manderlay at Rotten Tomatoes
Manderlay at Metacritic
|
follows
|
{
"answer_start": [
429
],
"text": [
"Dogville"
]
}
|
Manderlay is a 2005 avant-garde drama film written and directed by Lars von Trier, the second and final part of von Trier's projected USA – Land of Opportunities trilogy. It stars Bryce Dallas Howard, who replaces Nicole Kidman in the role of Grace Mulligan. The film co-stars Willem Dafoe, replacing James Caan. Lauren Bacall, Željko Ivanek, Jeremy Davies, and Chloë Sevigny return portraying different characters from those in Dogville.
Only John Hurt, Udo Kier, and Jean-Marc Barr reprise their roles. The film was internationally co-produced with seven different European countries.
The staging is very similar to Dogville, which was shot on a sparsely dressed sound stage. As in the case of Dogville, Manderlay's action is confined to a small geographic area, in this case a plantation. The film is dedicated in memory of a French film producer, Humbert Balsan (1954-2005).
Plot
The film is told in eight straight chapters:
In which we happen upon Manderlay and meet the people there
"The freed enterprise of Manderlay"
"The Old Lady's Garden"
In which Grace means business
"Shoulder to Shoulder"
Hard times at Manderlay
"Harvest"
In which Grace settles with Manderlay and the film endsSet in 1933, the film takes up the story of Grace and her father after burning the town of Dogville at the end of the previous film. Grace and her father travel in convoy with a number of gunmen through rural Alabama where they stop briefly outside a plantation called Manderlay. As the gangsters converse, a black woman emerges from Manderlay's front gates complaining that someone is about to be whipped for stealing a bottle of wine.
Grace enters the plantation and learns that within it, slavery persists, roughly 70 years after the American Civil War and the Emancipation Proclamation. Grace is appalled and insists on staying at the plantation with a small contingent of gunmen and her father's lawyer, Joseph, in order to guarantee the slaves' safe transition to freedom. Shortly after Grace's father and the remaining gangsters depart, Mam, the master of the house, dies, but not before asking Grace to burn a notebook containing "Mam's Law," an exhaustive code of conduct for the entire plantation and all its inhabitants, free and slave. She reads the descriptions of each variety of slave that can be encountered, which include:
Group 1: Proudy Nigger
Group 2: Talkin' Nigger
Group 3: Weepin' Nigger
Group 4: Hittin' Nigger
Group 5: Clownin' Nigger
Group 6: Losin' Nigger
Group 7: Pleasin' Nigger (also known as a chameleon, a person of the kind who can transform himself into exactly the type the beholder would like to see)The principal seven divisions are each populated by a single adult slave at Manderlay, who congregate daily and converse on a "parade ground," with Roman numerals of the numbers 1 through 7 designating where each slave stands. "Mam's Law" contains further provisions against the use of cash by slaves, or the felling of trees on the property for timber.
All of this information disgusts Grace and inspires her to take charge of the plantation in order to punish the slave owners and prepare the slaves for life as free individuals. In order to guarantee that the former slaves will not continue to be exploited as sharecroppers, Grace orders Joseph to draw up contracts for all Manderlay's inhabitants, institutionalizing a form of cooperative living in which the white family works as slaves and the blacks collectively own the plantation and its crops. Throughout this process, Grace lectures all those present about the notions of freedom and democracy, using rhetoric entirely in keeping with the ideology of racial equality which most contemporary Americans had yet to embrace.
However, as the film progresses, Grace fails to embed these principles in Manderlay's community in a form she considers satisfactory. Furthermore, her suggestions for improving the conditions of the community backfire on several occasions, such as using the surrounding trees for timber, which leaves the crops vulnerable to dust storms. After a year of such tribulations, the community harvests its cotton and successfully sells it, marking the high point of Grace's involvement. Subsequently, she un-enthusiastically has sex with one of the ex-slaves who also steals and gambles away all of the cotton profits. Finally admitting her failure, Grace contacts her father and attempts to leave the plantation only to be stopped by the plantation's blacks. At this point it is revealed that "Mam's Law" was not conceived and enforced by Mam or any of the other whites, but instead by Wilhelm, the community's eldest member, as a means of maintaining the status quo after the abolition of slavery, protecting the blacks from a hostile outside world. As in many von Trier films, the idealistic main character becomes frustrated by the reality he or she encounters.
Cast
Production
Nicole Kidman and James Caan did not return in the film, the former due to scheduling conflicts while the latter disapproves the film, which was subjected by Caan as anti-American culture and slavery.
In terror over her sex scene, Bryce Dallas Howard said she went through it in a hypnotic state. After the first take she excused herself and went to the bathroom to collect her thoughts. Then she just started to look at it as some sort of comedic scene. "Just in my head. And interestingly enough, Lars kind of felt that. The scene wasn't written funny at all, but there are some really eccentric and absurd moments in that scene that people tend to chuckle at."
Donkey killing
During production, a donkey was slaughtered for dramatic purposes. The scene was cut from the film before it was released.
Release
Critical reception
Manderlay received mixed reviews from critics. As of March 2022, the film holds a 50% approval rating on review aggregation site Rotten Tomatoes, based on 103 reviews with an average rating of 5.70/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "Manderlay may work better as a political statement than as a film, making its points at the expense of telling a compelling story." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 46 out of 100, based on 29 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".Anthony Lane of The New Yorker said, "Von Trier is not so much a filmmaker as a misanthropic mesmerist, who uses movies to bend the viewer to his humorless will," while Josh Kun of the Los Angeles Times added, "Trier gets lost in his own rhetoric."Conversely, The Guardian film critic Peter Bradshaw and Roger Ebert both gave the film mildly positive reviews. While noting, "Many moviegoers are likely to like the film less than the discussion it drags them into," Ebert opined, "The crucial difference between Manderlay and the almost unbearable Dogville is not that [von Trier's] politics have changed, but that his sense of mercy for the audience has been awakened." Peter Bradshaw claimed that Manderlay "is a wind-up, but an effective wind-up," and wrote of von Trier's Land of Opportunities trilogy, "My guess is you can throw away the first and third movies and keep this one."
Box office
The film took a total of $674,918 from 12 countries.
Accolades
Manderlay was entered into the 2005 Cannes Film Festival.
Soundtrack
The Manderlay soundtrack, including songs from the film Dogville, was arranged by composer Joachim Holbek, and released through Milan Records.
"Dogville Overture" – (Vivaldi Concert in G Major)
"Thoughts of Tom" – (Handel Concerto Grosso in D Major)
"Happy at Work" – (Oboe Concerto Albinoni Concerto For Oboe in D Minor)
"Dogville Theme" – (Vivaldi Concert in G Major)
"The Gifts" – (Flute And Cembalo Vivaldi Concerto For Flute in D Minor)
"Happy Times in Dogville" – (Albinoni Concerto For Oboe in D Minor)
"Fast Motion" – (Vivaldi Concert in G Major)
"The Fog" – (Vivaldi "Madrigalesco" RV 139)
"Grace Gets Angry" – (Vivaldi "Nisi Dominus" RV 608)
"Change of Time" – (Pergolesi "Stabat Mater")
"Manderlay Theme" – (Vivaldi Concerto For Basson in a Minor)
"Mam's Death" – (Vivaldi Concert in G Minor)
"The Child" – (Vivaldi "Al Santo Sepolcro" and Pergolesi "Quando Corpus Morietur")
"The Swallows Arrive" – (Handel Aria)
"Young Americans" – David Bowie
See also
List of films featuring slavery
References
External links
Manderlay at IMDb
Manderlay at Box Office Mojo
Manderlay at Rotten Tomatoes
Manderlay at Metacritic
|
cast member
|
{
"answer_start": [
455
],
"text": [
"Udo Kier"
]
}
|
Manderlay is a 2005 avant-garde drama film written and directed by Lars von Trier, the second and final part of von Trier's projected USA – Land of Opportunities trilogy. It stars Bryce Dallas Howard, who replaces Nicole Kidman in the role of Grace Mulligan. The film co-stars Willem Dafoe, replacing James Caan. Lauren Bacall, Željko Ivanek, Jeremy Davies, and Chloë Sevigny return portraying different characters from those in Dogville.
Only John Hurt, Udo Kier, and Jean-Marc Barr reprise their roles. The film was internationally co-produced with seven different European countries.
The staging is very similar to Dogville, which was shot on a sparsely dressed sound stage. As in the case of Dogville, Manderlay's action is confined to a small geographic area, in this case a plantation. The film is dedicated in memory of a French film producer, Humbert Balsan (1954-2005).
Plot
The film is told in eight straight chapters:
In which we happen upon Manderlay and meet the people there
"The freed enterprise of Manderlay"
"The Old Lady's Garden"
In which Grace means business
"Shoulder to Shoulder"
Hard times at Manderlay
"Harvest"
In which Grace settles with Manderlay and the film endsSet in 1933, the film takes up the story of Grace and her father after burning the town of Dogville at the end of the previous film. Grace and her father travel in convoy with a number of gunmen through rural Alabama where they stop briefly outside a plantation called Manderlay. As the gangsters converse, a black woman emerges from Manderlay's front gates complaining that someone is about to be whipped for stealing a bottle of wine.
Grace enters the plantation and learns that within it, slavery persists, roughly 70 years after the American Civil War and the Emancipation Proclamation. Grace is appalled and insists on staying at the plantation with a small contingent of gunmen and her father's lawyer, Joseph, in order to guarantee the slaves' safe transition to freedom. Shortly after Grace's father and the remaining gangsters depart, Mam, the master of the house, dies, but not before asking Grace to burn a notebook containing "Mam's Law," an exhaustive code of conduct for the entire plantation and all its inhabitants, free and slave. She reads the descriptions of each variety of slave that can be encountered, which include:
Group 1: Proudy Nigger
Group 2: Talkin' Nigger
Group 3: Weepin' Nigger
Group 4: Hittin' Nigger
Group 5: Clownin' Nigger
Group 6: Losin' Nigger
Group 7: Pleasin' Nigger (also known as a chameleon, a person of the kind who can transform himself into exactly the type the beholder would like to see)The principal seven divisions are each populated by a single adult slave at Manderlay, who congregate daily and converse on a "parade ground," with Roman numerals of the numbers 1 through 7 designating where each slave stands. "Mam's Law" contains further provisions against the use of cash by slaves, or the felling of trees on the property for timber.
All of this information disgusts Grace and inspires her to take charge of the plantation in order to punish the slave owners and prepare the slaves for life as free individuals. In order to guarantee that the former slaves will not continue to be exploited as sharecroppers, Grace orders Joseph to draw up contracts for all Manderlay's inhabitants, institutionalizing a form of cooperative living in which the white family works as slaves and the blacks collectively own the plantation and its crops. Throughout this process, Grace lectures all those present about the notions of freedom and democracy, using rhetoric entirely in keeping with the ideology of racial equality which most contemporary Americans had yet to embrace.
However, as the film progresses, Grace fails to embed these principles in Manderlay's community in a form she considers satisfactory. Furthermore, her suggestions for improving the conditions of the community backfire on several occasions, such as using the surrounding trees for timber, which leaves the crops vulnerable to dust storms. After a year of such tribulations, the community harvests its cotton and successfully sells it, marking the high point of Grace's involvement. Subsequently, she un-enthusiastically has sex with one of the ex-slaves who also steals and gambles away all of the cotton profits. Finally admitting her failure, Grace contacts her father and attempts to leave the plantation only to be stopped by the plantation's blacks. At this point it is revealed that "Mam's Law" was not conceived and enforced by Mam or any of the other whites, but instead by Wilhelm, the community's eldest member, as a means of maintaining the status quo after the abolition of slavery, protecting the blacks from a hostile outside world. As in many von Trier films, the idealistic main character becomes frustrated by the reality he or she encounters.
Cast
Production
Nicole Kidman and James Caan did not return in the film, the former due to scheduling conflicts while the latter disapproves the film, which was subjected by Caan as anti-American culture and slavery.
In terror over her sex scene, Bryce Dallas Howard said she went through it in a hypnotic state. After the first take she excused herself and went to the bathroom to collect her thoughts. Then she just started to look at it as some sort of comedic scene. "Just in my head. And interestingly enough, Lars kind of felt that. The scene wasn't written funny at all, but there are some really eccentric and absurd moments in that scene that people tend to chuckle at."
Donkey killing
During production, a donkey was slaughtered for dramatic purposes. The scene was cut from the film before it was released.
Release
Critical reception
Manderlay received mixed reviews from critics. As of March 2022, the film holds a 50% approval rating on review aggregation site Rotten Tomatoes, based on 103 reviews with an average rating of 5.70/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "Manderlay may work better as a political statement than as a film, making its points at the expense of telling a compelling story." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 46 out of 100, based on 29 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".Anthony Lane of The New Yorker said, "Von Trier is not so much a filmmaker as a misanthropic mesmerist, who uses movies to bend the viewer to his humorless will," while Josh Kun of the Los Angeles Times added, "Trier gets lost in his own rhetoric."Conversely, The Guardian film critic Peter Bradshaw and Roger Ebert both gave the film mildly positive reviews. While noting, "Many moviegoers are likely to like the film less than the discussion it drags them into," Ebert opined, "The crucial difference between Manderlay and the almost unbearable Dogville is not that [von Trier's] politics have changed, but that his sense of mercy for the audience has been awakened." Peter Bradshaw claimed that Manderlay "is a wind-up, but an effective wind-up," and wrote of von Trier's Land of Opportunities trilogy, "My guess is you can throw away the first and third movies and keep this one."
Box office
The film took a total of $674,918 from 12 countries.
Accolades
Manderlay was entered into the 2005 Cannes Film Festival.
Soundtrack
The Manderlay soundtrack, including songs from the film Dogville, was arranged by composer Joachim Holbek, and released through Milan Records.
"Dogville Overture" – (Vivaldi Concert in G Major)
"Thoughts of Tom" – (Handel Concerto Grosso in D Major)
"Happy at Work" – (Oboe Concerto Albinoni Concerto For Oboe in D Minor)
"Dogville Theme" – (Vivaldi Concert in G Major)
"The Gifts" – (Flute And Cembalo Vivaldi Concerto For Flute in D Minor)
"Happy Times in Dogville" – (Albinoni Concerto For Oboe in D Minor)
"Fast Motion" – (Vivaldi Concert in G Major)
"The Fog" – (Vivaldi "Madrigalesco" RV 139)
"Grace Gets Angry" – (Vivaldi "Nisi Dominus" RV 608)
"Change of Time" – (Pergolesi "Stabat Mater")
"Manderlay Theme" – (Vivaldi Concerto For Basson in a Minor)
"Mam's Death" – (Vivaldi Concert in G Minor)
"The Child" – (Vivaldi "Al Santo Sepolcro" and Pergolesi "Quando Corpus Morietur")
"The Swallows Arrive" – (Handel Aria)
"Young Americans" – David Bowie
See also
List of films featuring slavery
References
External links
Manderlay at IMDb
Manderlay at Box Office Mojo
Manderlay at Rotten Tomatoes
Manderlay at Metacritic
|
creator
|
{
"answer_start": [
67
],
"text": [
"Lars von Trier"
]
}
|
Manderlay is a 2005 avant-garde drama film written and directed by Lars von Trier, the second and final part of von Trier's projected USA – Land of Opportunities trilogy. It stars Bryce Dallas Howard, who replaces Nicole Kidman in the role of Grace Mulligan. The film co-stars Willem Dafoe, replacing James Caan. Lauren Bacall, Željko Ivanek, Jeremy Davies, and Chloë Sevigny return portraying different characters from those in Dogville.
Only John Hurt, Udo Kier, and Jean-Marc Barr reprise their roles. The film was internationally co-produced with seven different European countries.
The staging is very similar to Dogville, which was shot on a sparsely dressed sound stage. As in the case of Dogville, Manderlay's action is confined to a small geographic area, in this case a plantation. The film is dedicated in memory of a French film producer, Humbert Balsan (1954-2005).
Plot
The film is told in eight straight chapters:
In which we happen upon Manderlay and meet the people there
"The freed enterprise of Manderlay"
"The Old Lady's Garden"
In which Grace means business
"Shoulder to Shoulder"
Hard times at Manderlay
"Harvest"
In which Grace settles with Manderlay and the film endsSet in 1933, the film takes up the story of Grace and her father after burning the town of Dogville at the end of the previous film. Grace and her father travel in convoy with a number of gunmen through rural Alabama where they stop briefly outside a plantation called Manderlay. As the gangsters converse, a black woman emerges from Manderlay's front gates complaining that someone is about to be whipped for stealing a bottle of wine.
Grace enters the plantation and learns that within it, slavery persists, roughly 70 years after the American Civil War and the Emancipation Proclamation. Grace is appalled and insists on staying at the plantation with a small contingent of gunmen and her father's lawyer, Joseph, in order to guarantee the slaves' safe transition to freedom. Shortly after Grace's father and the remaining gangsters depart, Mam, the master of the house, dies, but not before asking Grace to burn a notebook containing "Mam's Law," an exhaustive code of conduct for the entire plantation and all its inhabitants, free and slave. She reads the descriptions of each variety of slave that can be encountered, which include:
Group 1: Proudy Nigger
Group 2: Talkin' Nigger
Group 3: Weepin' Nigger
Group 4: Hittin' Nigger
Group 5: Clownin' Nigger
Group 6: Losin' Nigger
Group 7: Pleasin' Nigger (also known as a chameleon, a person of the kind who can transform himself into exactly the type the beholder would like to see)The principal seven divisions are each populated by a single adult slave at Manderlay, who congregate daily and converse on a "parade ground," with Roman numerals of the numbers 1 through 7 designating where each slave stands. "Mam's Law" contains further provisions against the use of cash by slaves, or the felling of trees on the property for timber.
All of this information disgusts Grace and inspires her to take charge of the plantation in order to punish the slave owners and prepare the slaves for life as free individuals. In order to guarantee that the former slaves will not continue to be exploited as sharecroppers, Grace orders Joseph to draw up contracts for all Manderlay's inhabitants, institutionalizing a form of cooperative living in which the white family works as slaves and the blacks collectively own the plantation and its crops. Throughout this process, Grace lectures all those present about the notions of freedom and democracy, using rhetoric entirely in keeping with the ideology of racial equality which most contemporary Americans had yet to embrace.
However, as the film progresses, Grace fails to embed these principles in Manderlay's community in a form she considers satisfactory. Furthermore, her suggestions for improving the conditions of the community backfire on several occasions, such as using the surrounding trees for timber, which leaves the crops vulnerable to dust storms. After a year of such tribulations, the community harvests its cotton and successfully sells it, marking the high point of Grace's involvement. Subsequently, she un-enthusiastically has sex with one of the ex-slaves who also steals and gambles away all of the cotton profits. Finally admitting her failure, Grace contacts her father and attempts to leave the plantation only to be stopped by the plantation's blacks. At this point it is revealed that "Mam's Law" was not conceived and enforced by Mam or any of the other whites, but instead by Wilhelm, the community's eldest member, as a means of maintaining the status quo after the abolition of slavery, protecting the blacks from a hostile outside world. As in many von Trier films, the idealistic main character becomes frustrated by the reality he or she encounters.
Cast
Production
Nicole Kidman and James Caan did not return in the film, the former due to scheduling conflicts while the latter disapproves the film, which was subjected by Caan as anti-American culture and slavery.
In terror over her sex scene, Bryce Dallas Howard said she went through it in a hypnotic state. After the first take she excused herself and went to the bathroom to collect her thoughts. Then she just started to look at it as some sort of comedic scene. "Just in my head. And interestingly enough, Lars kind of felt that. The scene wasn't written funny at all, but there are some really eccentric and absurd moments in that scene that people tend to chuckle at."
Donkey killing
During production, a donkey was slaughtered for dramatic purposes. The scene was cut from the film before it was released.
Release
Critical reception
Manderlay received mixed reviews from critics. As of March 2022, the film holds a 50% approval rating on review aggregation site Rotten Tomatoes, based on 103 reviews with an average rating of 5.70/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "Manderlay may work better as a political statement than as a film, making its points at the expense of telling a compelling story." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 46 out of 100, based on 29 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".Anthony Lane of The New Yorker said, "Von Trier is not so much a filmmaker as a misanthropic mesmerist, who uses movies to bend the viewer to his humorless will," while Josh Kun of the Los Angeles Times added, "Trier gets lost in his own rhetoric."Conversely, The Guardian film critic Peter Bradshaw and Roger Ebert both gave the film mildly positive reviews. While noting, "Many moviegoers are likely to like the film less than the discussion it drags them into," Ebert opined, "The crucial difference between Manderlay and the almost unbearable Dogville is not that [von Trier's] politics have changed, but that his sense of mercy for the audience has been awakened." Peter Bradshaw claimed that Manderlay "is a wind-up, but an effective wind-up," and wrote of von Trier's Land of Opportunities trilogy, "My guess is you can throw away the first and third movies and keep this one."
Box office
The film took a total of $674,918 from 12 countries.
Accolades
Manderlay was entered into the 2005 Cannes Film Festival.
Soundtrack
The Manderlay soundtrack, including songs from the film Dogville, was arranged by composer Joachim Holbek, and released through Milan Records.
"Dogville Overture" – (Vivaldi Concert in G Major)
"Thoughts of Tom" – (Handel Concerto Grosso in D Major)
"Happy at Work" – (Oboe Concerto Albinoni Concerto For Oboe in D Minor)
"Dogville Theme" – (Vivaldi Concert in G Major)
"The Gifts" – (Flute And Cembalo Vivaldi Concerto For Flute in D Minor)
"Happy Times in Dogville" – (Albinoni Concerto For Oboe in D Minor)
"Fast Motion" – (Vivaldi Concert in G Major)
"The Fog" – (Vivaldi "Madrigalesco" RV 139)
"Grace Gets Angry" – (Vivaldi "Nisi Dominus" RV 608)
"Change of Time" – (Pergolesi "Stabat Mater")
"Manderlay Theme" – (Vivaldi Concerto For Basson in a Minor)
"Mam's Death" – (Vivaldi Concert in G Minor)
"The Child" – (Vivaldi "Al Santo Sepolcro" and Pergolesi "Quando Corpus Morietur")
"The Swallows Arrive" – (Handel Aria)
"Young Americans" – David Bowie
See also
List of films featuring slavery
References
External links
Manderlay at IMDb
Manderlay at Box Office Mojo
Manderlay at Rotten Tomatoes
Manderlay at Metacritic
|
The Numbers movie ID
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Manderlay"
]
}
|
Manderlay is a 2005 avant-garde drama film written and directed by Lars von Trier, the second and final part of von Trier's projected USA – Land of Opportunities trilogy. It stars Bryce Dallas Howard, who replaces Nicole Kidman in the role of Grace Mulligan. The film co-stars Willem Dafoe, replacing James Caan. Lauren Bacall, Željko Ivanek, Jeremy Davies, and Chloë Sevigny return portraying different characters from those in Dogville.
Only John Hurt, Udo Kier, and Jean-Marc Barr reprise their roles. The film was internationally co-produced with seven different European countries.
The staging is very similar to Dogville, which was shot on a sparsely dressed sound stage. As in the case of Dogville, Manderlay's action is confined to a small geographic area, in this case a plantation. The film is dedicated in memory of a French film producer, Humbert Balsan (1954-2005).
Plot
The film is told in eight straight chapters:
In which we happen upon Manderlay and meet the people there
"The freed enterprise of Manderlay"
"The Old Lady's Garden"
In which Grace means business
"Shoulder to Shoulder"
Hard times at Manderlay
"Harvest"
In which Grace settles with Manderlay and the film endsSet in 1933, the film takes up the story of Grace and her father after burning the town of Dogville at the end of the previous film. Grace and her father travel in convoy with a number of gunmen through rural Alabama where they stop briefly outside a plantation called Manderlay. As the gangsters converse, a black woman emerges from Manderlay's front gates complaining that someone is about to be whipped for stealing a bottle of wine.
Grace enters the plantation and learns that within it, slavery persists, roughly 70 years after the American Civil War and the Emancipation Proclamation. Grace is appalled and insists on staying at the plantation with a small contingent of gunmen and her father's lawyer, Joseph, in order to guarantee the slaves' safe transition to freedom. Shortly after Grace's father and the remaining gangsters depart, Mam, the master of the house, dies, but not before asking Grace to burn a notebook containing "Mam's Law," an exhaustive code of conduct for the entire plantation and all its inhabitants, free and slave. She reads the descriptions of each variety of slave that can be encountered, which include:
Group 1: Proudy Nigger
Group 2: Talkin' Nigger
Group 3: Weepin' Nigger
Group 4: Hittin' Nigger
Group 5: Clownin' Nigger
Group 6: Losin' Nigger
Group 7: Pleasin' Nigger (also known as a chameleon, a person of the kind who can transform himself into exactly the type the beholder would like to see)The principal seven divisions are each populated by a single adult slave at Manderlay, who congregate daily and converse on a "parade ground," with Roman numerals of the numbers 1 through 7 designating where each slave stands. "Mam's Law" contains further provisions against the use of cash by slaves, or the felling of trees on the property for timber.
All of this information disgusts Grace and inspires her to take charge of the plantation in order to punish the slave owners and prepare the slaves for life as free individuals. In order to guarantee that the former slaves will not continue to be exploited as sharecroppers, Grace orders Joseph to draw up contracts for all Manderlay's inhabitants, institutionalizing a form of cooperative living in which the white family works as slaves and the blacks collectively own the plantation and its crops. Throughout this process, Grace lectures all those present about the notions of freedom and democracy, using rhetoric entirely in keeping with the ideology of racial equality which most contemporary Americans had yet to embrace.
However, as the film progresses, Grace fails to embed these principles in Manderlay's community in a form she considers satisfactory. Furthermore, her suggestions for improving the conditions of the community backfire on several occasions, such as using the surrounding trees for timber, which leaves the crops vulnerable to dust storms. After a year of such tribulations, the community harvests its cotton and successfully sells it, marking the high point of Grace's involvement. Subsequently, she un-enthusiastically has sex with one of the ex-slaves who also steals and gambles away all of the cotton profits. Finally admitting her failure, Grace contacts her father and attempts to leave the plantation only to be stopped by the plantation's blacks. At this point it is revealed that "Mam's Law" was not conceived and enforced by Mam or any of the other whites, but instead by Wilhelm, the community's eldest member, as a means of maintaining the status quo after the abolition of slavery, protecting the blacks from a hostile outside world. As in many von Trier films, the idealistic main character becomes frustrated by the reality he or she encounters.
Cast
Production
Nicole Kidman and James Caan did not return in the film, the former due to scheduling conflicts while the latter disapproves the film, which was subjected by Caan as anti-American culture and slavery.
In terror over her sex scene, Bryce Dallas Howard said she went through it in a hypnotic state. After the first take she excused herself and went to the bathroom to collect her thoughts. Then she just started to look at it as some sort of comedic scene. "Just in my head. And interestingly enough, Lars kind of felt that. The scene wasn't written funny at all, but there are some really eccentric and absurd moments in that scene that people tend to chuckle at."
Donkey killing
During production, a donkey was slaughtered for dramatic purposes. The scene was cut from the film before it was released.
Release
Critical reception
Manderlay received mixed reviews from critics. As of March 2022, the film holds a 50% approval rating on review aggregation site Rotten Tomatoes, based on 103 reviews with an average rating of 5.70/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "Manderlay may work better as a political statement than as a film, making its points at the expense of telling a compelling story." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 46 out of 100, based on 29 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".Anthony Lane of The New Yorker said, "Von Trier is not so much a filmmaker as a misanthropic mesmerist, who uses movies to bend the viewer to his humorless will," while Josh Kun of the Los Angeles Times added, "Trier gets lost in his own rhetoric."Conversely, The Guardian film critic Peter Bradshaw and Roger Ebert both gave the film mildly positive reviews. While noting, "Many moviegoers are likely to like the film less than the discussion it drags them into," Ebert opined, "The crucial difference between Manderlay and the almost unbearable Dogville is not that [von Trier's] politics have changed, but that his sense of mercy for the audience has been awakened." Peter Bradshaw claimed that Manderlay "is a wind-up, but an effective wind-up," and wrote of von Trier's Land of Opportunities trilogy, "My guess is you can throw away the first and third movies and keep this one."
Box office
The film took a total of $674,918 from 12 countries.
Accolades
Manderlay was entered into the 2005 Cannes Film Festival.
Soundtrack
The Manderlay soundtrack, including songs from the film Dogville, was arranged by composer Joachim Holbek, and released through Milan Records.
"Dogville Overture" – (Vivaldi Concert in G Major)
"Thoughts of Tom" – (Handel Concerto Grosso in D Major)
"Happy at Work" – (Oboe Concerto Albinoni Concerto For Oboe in D Minor)
"Dogville Theme" – (Vivaldi Concert in G Major)
"The Gifts" – (Flute And Cembalo Vivaldi Concerto For Flute in D Minor)
"Happy Times in Dogville" – (Albinoni Concerto For Oboe in D Minor)
"Fast Motion" – (Vivaldi Concert in G Major)
"The Fog" – (Vivaldi "Madrigalesco" RV 139)
"Grace Gets Angry" – (Vivaldi "Nisi Dominus" RV 608)
"Change of Time" – (Pergolesi "Stabat Mater")
"Manderlay Theme" – (Vivaldi Concerto For Basson in a Minor)
"Mam's Death" – (Vivaldi Concert in G Minor)
"The Child" – (Vivaldi "Al Santo Sepolcro" and Pergolesi "Quando Corpus Morietur")
"The Swallows Arrive" – (Handel Aria)
"Young Americans" – David Bowie
See also
List of films featuring slavery
References
External links
Manderlay at IMDb
Manderlay at Box Office Mojo
Manderlay at Rotten Tomatoes
Manderlay at Metacritic
|
Filmweb.pl ID
|
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Torii Kiyomitsu (鳥居 清満, 1735 – May 11, 1785) was a painter and printmaker of the Torii school of Japanese ukiyo-e art; the son of Torii Kiyonobu II or Torii Kiyomasu II, he was the third head of the school, and was originally called Kamejirō before taking the gō Kiyomitsu. Dividing his work between actor prints and bijinga (pictures of beautiful women), he primarily used the benizuri-e technique prolific at the time, which involved using one or two colors of ink on the woodblocks rather than hand-coloring; full-color prints would be introduced later in Kiyomitsu's career, in 1765.
Though scholars generally note his kabuki prints as lacking originality, they see a grace, beauty, and "dream-like quality" in his prints of young men and women which, at times, rivals that of the work of Suzuki Harunobu, who was just beginning his career at this time. Kiyomitsu continued to produce the billboards and other kabuki-related materials which were the domain of the Torii school, and in those works he was quite traditional and retrospective in his style. However, he was more or less the first Torii artist to experiment outside that field, and to truly emerge into the wider mainstream of ukiyo-e styles, adapting to the use of new techniques and popular subjects. Overall, it is said that the workshop flourished under his direction, but the core "Torii style" was not truly changed or advanced.
Two of his greatest pupils were Torii Kiyotsune, who faithfully continued the Torii traditions, and Torii Kiyonaga, who went on to be a master and innovator in his own right.
References
Frédéric, Louis (2002). "Japan Encyclopedia". Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Hickman, Money (1993). "Enduring Alliance: The Torii Line of Ukiyo-e Artists and Their Work for the Kabuki Theatre". Fenway Court, 1992. Boston: Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum.
Lane, Richard. (1978). Images from the Floating World, The Japanese Print. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780192114471; OCLC 5246796
|
country of citizenship
|
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97
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|
Torii Kiyomitsu (鳥居 清満, 1735 – May 11, 1785) was a painter and printmaker of the Torii school of Japanese ukiyo-e art; the son of Torii Kiyonobu II or Torii Kiyomasu II, he was the third head of the school, and was originally called Kamejirō before taking the gō Kiyomitsu. Dividing his work between actor prints and bijinga (pictures of beautiful women), he primarily used the benizuri-e technique prolific at the time, which involved using one or two colors of ink on the woodblocks rather than hand-coloring; full-color prints would be introduced later in Kiyomitsu's career, in 1765.
Though scholars generally note his kabuki prints as lacking originality, they see a grace, beauty, and "dream-like quality" in his prints of young men and women which, at times, rivals that of the work of Suzuki Harunobu, who was just beginning his career at this time. Kiyomitsu continued to produce the billboards and other kabuki-related materials which were the domain of the Torii school, and in those works he was quite traditional and retrospective in his style. However, he was more or less the first Torii artist to experiment outside that field, and to truly emerge into the wider mainstream of ukiyo-e styles, adapting to the use of new techniques and popular subjects. Overall, it is said that the workshop flourished under his direction, but the core "Torii style" was not truly changed or advanced.
Two of his greatest pupils were Torii Kiyotsune, who faithfully continued the Torii traditions, and Torii Kiyonaga, who went on to be a master and innovator in his own right.
References
Frédéric, Louis (2002). "Japan Encyclopedia". Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Hickman, Money (1993). "Enduring Alliance: The Torii Line of Ukiyo-e Artists and Their Work for the Kabuki Theatre". Fenway Court, 1992. Boston: Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum.
Lane, Richard. (1978). Images from the Floating World, The Japanese Print. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780192114471; OCLC 5246796
|
occupation
|
{
"answer_start": [
1103
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"artist"
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|
Torii Kiyomitsu (鳥居 清満, 1735 – May 11, 1785) was a painter and printmaker of the Torii school of Japanese ukiyo-e art; the son of Torii Kiyonobu II or Torii Kiyomasu II, he was the third head of the school, and was originally called Kamejirō before taking the gō Kiyomitsu. Dividing his work between actor prints and bijinga (pictures of beautiful women), he primarily used the benizuri-e technique prolific at the time, which involved using one or two colors of ink on the woodblocks rather than hand-coloring; full-color prints would be introduced later in Kiyomitsu's career, in 1765.
Though scholars generally note his kabuki prints as lacking originality, they see a grace, beauty, and "dream-like quality" in his prints of young men and women which, at times, rivals that of the work of Suzuki Harunobu, who was just beginning his career at this time. Kiyomitsu continued to produce the billboards and other kabuki-related materials which were the domain of the Torii school, and in those works he was quite traditional and retrospective in his style. However, he was more or less the first Torii artist to experiment outside that field, and to truly emerge into the wider mainstream of ukiyo-e styles, adapting to the use of new techniques and popular subjects. Overall, it is said that the workshop flourished under his direction, but the core "Torii style" was not truly changed or advanced.
Two of his greatest pupils were Torii Kiyotsune, who faithfully continued the Torii traditions, and Torii Kiyonaga, who went on to be a master and innovator in his own right.
References
Frédéric, Louis (2002). "Japan Encyclopedia". Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Hickman, Money (1993). "Enduring Alliance: The Torii Line of Ukiyo-e Artists and Their Work for the Kabuki Theatre". Fenway Court, 1992. Boston: Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum.
Lane, Richard. (1978). Images from the Floating World, The Japanese Print. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780192114471; OCLC 5246796
|
work location
|
{
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|
José Erandi Bermúdez Méndez (born 15 March 1977) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Action Party. As of 2014 he served as Deputy of the LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Guanajuato.
== References ==
|
member of political party
|
{
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93
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"National Action Party"
]
}
|
José Erandi Bermúdez Méndez (born 15 March 1977) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Action Party. As of 2014 he served as Deputy of the LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Guanajuato.
== References ==
|
occupation
|
{
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|
José Erandi Bermúdez Méndez (born 15 March 1977) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Action Party. As of 2014 he served as Deputy of the LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Guanajuato.
== References ==
|
name in native language
|
{
"answer_start": [
5
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"text": [
"Erandi Bermúdez"
]
}
|
Nylshoogte Pass, Is situated in the Mpumalanga province, on the Regional road R38 (Mpumalanga), road between Nelspruit and Carolina (South Africa).
|
country
|
{
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133
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|
Natica seychellium is a species of predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Naticidae, the moon snails.
Description
Distribution
References
== External links ==
|
taxon rank
|
{
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24
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"species"
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|
Natica seychellium is a species of predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Naticidae, the moon snails.
Description
Distribution
References
== External links ==
|
parent taxon
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
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"Natica"
]
}
|
Natica seychellium is a species of predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Naticidae, the moon snails.
Description
Distribution
References
== External links ==
|
taxon name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Natica seychellium"
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|
Natica seychellium is a species of predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Naticidae, the moon snails.
Description
Distribution
References
== External links ==
|
Commons category
|
{
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0
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"Natica seychellium"
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Simon Lesirma is a Kenyan politician. He belongs to the Orange Democratic Movement and was elected to represent the Samburu West Constituency in the National Assembly of Kenya since the 2007 Kenyan parliamentary election.
== References ==
|
country of citizenship
|
{
"answer_start": [
19
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"Kenya"
]
}
|
Simon Lesirma is a Kenyan politician. He belongs to the Orange Democratic Movement and was elected to represent the Samburu West Constituency in the National Assembly of Kenya since the 2007 Kenyan parliamentary election.
== References ==
|
member of political party
|
{
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56
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"Orange Democratic Movement"
]
}
|
Simon Lesirma is a Kenyan politician. He belongs to the Orange Democratic Movement and was elected to represent the Samburu West Constituency in the National Assembly of Kenya since the 2007 Kenyan parliamentary election.
== References ==
|
occupation
|
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|
Simon Lesirma is a Kenyan politician. He belongs to the Orange Democratic Movement and was elected to represent the Samburu West Constituency in the National Assembly of Kenya since the 2007 Kenyan parliamentary election.
== References ==
|
given name
|
{
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Sweet Noise is a Polish alternative metal band. The group was formed in 1990 in Swarzędz. They have released eight CDs (included two international versions) and appeared three times at the Przystanek Woodstock festival with the special show in 2003 when more than 400,000 people watched the culmination of what the band refers to as conceptual art of Revolta White Shock. The leader and creator of the band is Peter "Glaca" Mohamed. Mohamed is the singer, musician, performer, producer and conceptual artist. He developed an experimental, multimedia project Noise Inc.. He is also involved in project Serce with Toshi Kasai and M.T.void which is a musical outfit run by Mohamed and Justin Chancellor, the bass player of Tool.
Discography
Studio albums
Video albums
Music videos
References
External links
Official website
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instance of
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Sweet Noise is a Polish alternative metal band. The group was formed in 1990 in Swarzędz. They have released eight CDs (included two international versions) and appeared three times at the Przystanek Woodstock festival with the special show in 2003 when more than 400,000 people watched the culmination of what the band refers to as conceptual art of Revolta White Shock. The leader and creator of the band is Peter "Glaca" Mohamed. Mohamed is the singer, musician, performer, producer and conceptual artist. He developed an experimental, multimedia project Noise Inc.. He is also involved in project Serce with Toshi Kasai and M.T.void which is a musical outfit run by Mohamed and Justin Chancellor, the bass player of Tool.
Discography
Studio albums
Video albums
Music videos
References
External links
Official website
|
genre
|
{
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24
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"alternative metal"
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|
Sweet Noise is a Polish alternative metal band. The group was formed in 1990 in Swarzędz. They have released eight CDs (included two international versions) and appeared three times at the Przystanek Woodstock festival with the special show in 2003 when more than 400,000 people watched the culmination of what the band refers to as conceptual art of Revolta White Shock. The leader and creator of the band is Peter "Glaca" Mohamed. Mohamed is the singer, musician, performer, producer and conceptual artist. He developed an experimental, multimedia project Noise Inc.. He is also involved in project Serce with Toshi Kasai and M.T.void which is a musical outfit run by Mohamed and Justin Chancellor, the bass player of Tool.
Discography
Studio albums
Video albums
Music videos
References
External links
Official website
|
Commons category
|
{
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0
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|
Sweet Noise is a Polish alternative metal band. The group was formed in 1990 in Swarzędz. They have released eight CDs (included two international versions) and appeared three times at the Przystanek Woodstock festival with the special show in 2003 when more than 400,000 people watched the culmination of what the band refers to as conceptual art of Revolta White Shock. The leader and creator of the band is Peter "Glaca" Mohamed. Mohamed is the singer, musician, performer, producer and conceptual artist. He developed an experimental, multimedia project Noise Inc.. He is also involved in project Serce with Toshi Kasai and M.T.void which is a musical outfit run by Mohamed and Justin Chancellor, the bass player of Tool.
Discography
Studio albums
Video albums
Music videos
References
External links
Official website
|
different from
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0
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Wola Gałecka [ˈvɔla ɡaˈwɛt͡ska] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rusinów, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north of Rusinów, 12 km (7 mi) north of Przysucha, and 89 km (55 mi) south of Warsaw.
The village has a population of 310.
== References ==
|
country
|
{
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157
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"Poland"
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|
Wola Gałecka [ˈvɔla ɡaˈwɛt͡ska] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rusinów, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north of Rusinów, 12 km (7 mi) north of Przysucha, and 89 km (55 mi) south of Warsaw.
The village has a population of 310.
== References ==
|
located in the administrative territorial entity
|
{
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79
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"Gmina Rusinów"
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|
Ijeoma Esther Okoronkwo (born 27 March 1997) is a Nigerian footballer who plays as a forward for Saint-Étienne and the Nigeria women's national team.
Early life
Okoronkwo was born in Abia State and raised in Richmond, Texas, United States.
College career
Okoronkwo has attended the John and Randolph Foster High School, the Northeast Texas Community College and the Lamar University.
International career
Okoronkwo made her senior debut for Nigeria on 10 June 2021 as a 43rd-minute substitution in a 0–1 friendly loss to Jamaica.On 21 February 2023, she scored her first goal against Costa Rica in 2023 Women's Revelations Cup in Mexico.
International goals
References
External links
Esther Okoronkwo on Instagram
|
place of birth
|
{
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184
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"Abia State"
]
}
|
Ijeoma Esther Okoronkwo (born 27 March 1997) is a Nigerian footballer who plays as a forward for Saint-Étienne and the Nigeria women's national team.
Early life
Okoronkwo was born in Abia State and raised in Richmond, Texas, United States.
College career
Okoronkwo has attended the John and Randolph Foster High School, the Northeast Texas Community College and the Lamar University.
International career
Okoronkwo made her senior debut for Nigeria on 10 June 2021 as a 43rd-minute substitution in a 0–1 friendly loss to Jamaica.On 21 February 2023, she scored her first goal against Costa Rica in 2023 Women's Revelations Cup in Mexico.
International goals
References
External links
Esther Okoronkwo on Instagram
|
country of citizenship
|
{
"answer_start": [
50
],
"text": [
"Nigeria"
]
}
|
Ijeoma Esther Okoronkwo (born 27 March 1997) is a Nigerian footballer who plays as a forward for Saint-Étienne and the Nigeria women's national team.
Early life
Okoronkwo was born in Abia State and raised in Richmond, Texas, United States.
College career
Okoronkwo has attended the John and Randolph Foster High School, the Northeast Texas Community College and the Lamar University.
International career
Okoronkwo made her senior debut for Nigeria on 10 June 2021 as a 43rd-minute substitution in a 0–1 friendly loss to Jamaica.On 21 February 2023, she scored her first goal against Costa Rica in 2023 Women's Revelations Cup in Mexico.
International goals
References
External links
Esther Okoronkwo on Instagram
|
position played on team / speciality
|
{
"answer_start": [
85
],
"text": [
"forward"
]
}
|
Ijeoma Esther Okoronkwo (born 27 March 1997) is a Nigerian footballer who plays as a forward for Saint-Étienne and the Nigeria women's national team.
Early life
Okoronkwo was born in Abia State and raised in Richmond, Texas, United States.
College career
Okoronkwo has attended the John and Randolph Foster High School, the Northeast Texas Community College and the Lamar University.
International career
Okoronkwo made her senior debut for Nigeria on 10 June 2021 as a 43rd-minute substitution in a 0–1 friendly loss to Jamaica.On 21 February 2023, she scored her first goal against Costa Rica in 2023 Women's Revelations Cup in Mexico.
International goals
References
External links
Esther Okoronkwo on Instagram
|
family name
|
{
"answer_start": [
14
],
"text": [
"Okoronkwo"
]
}
|
Ijeoma Esther Okoronkwo (born 27 March 1997) is a Nigerian footballer who plays as a forward for Saint-Étienne and the Nigeria women's national team.
Early life
Okoronkwo was born in Abia State and raised in Richmond, Texas, United States.
College career
Okoronkwo has attended the John and Randolph Foster High School, the Northeast Texas Community College and the Lamar University.
International career
Okoronkwo made her senior debut for Nigeria on 10 June 2021 as a 43rd-minute substitution in a 0–1 friendly loss to Jamaica.On 21 February 2023, she scored her first goal against Costa Rica in 2023 Women's Revelations Cup in Mexico.
International goals
References
External links
Esther Okoronkwo on Instagram
|
given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
7
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"text": [
"Esther"
]
}
|
== Mission ==
The group's mission is to train the Afghan Air Force able to meet the security requirements of Afghanistan. As part of the 438th Air Expeditionary Wing, the 738th advises the Kandahar Air Wing, which operates in the southern regions of Afghanistan. The group also assists the Kandahar Air Wing in counterinsurgency operations. Group advisers mentor their Afghan counterparts in flight operations, aircraft maintenance, intelligence, logistics, personnel management, communications and base defense.
Units (Inactivated)
441st Air Expeditionary Advisory Squadron
The 441st Squadron is the operational training squadron of the 738th Air Expeditionary Advisory Group. The squadron trains members of the Afghanistan Air Force's Kandahar Air Wing on the wing's Mil Mi-17 helicopters and Cessna 208 Caravan aircraft.442d Air Expeditionary Advisory Squadron
The 442d squadron has about 140 members, of whom about 100 are maintenance contractors from the Ukraine, working for Lockheed Martin. The contractors perform maintenance and formal instruction, while the 40 military members advise senior leadership in the Kandahar Wing's maintenance group on logistics management. It focuses on developing instructors within the Afghan Air Force to enable them to take over the training mission.443d Air Expeditionary Advisory Squadron
The 443d Squadron provides mission support for the group and its assigned squadrons.
History
The 738th was activated on 29 November 2009 to include the NATO advisory support that had been established at Kandahar in the spring of 2008. It includes airmen from the United States, Lithuania, Latvia, Ukraine, and Belgium. It is made up of three Air Expeditionary Advisory Squadrons operating out of Kandahar Airfield, Afghanistan.
Lineage
Constituted as the 738th Air Expeditionary Advisory Group in provisional status on 23 November 2009Activated on 25 November 2009
Inactivated on 14 September 2019
Assignments
438th Air Expeditionary Wing, 25 November 2009 – 14 September 2019
Components
441st Air Expeditionary Advisory Squadron, 25 November 2009 – 14 September 2019
442d Air Expeditionary Advisory Squadron, 25 November 2009 – 14 September 2019
443d Air Expeditionary Advisory Squadron, 25 November 2009 – 14 September 2019
Aircraft
Mil Mi-17 (2009–2019)
Cessna 208 Caravan (2009–2019)
MD-530 Cayuse Warrior (2012–2019)
A-29 Super Tucano (2012–2019)
UH-60 Black Hawk (2017–2019)
Awards
References
Notes
Citations
|
Commons category
|
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"answer_start": [
640
],
"text": [
"738th Air Expeditionary Advisory Group"
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|
Isospora cardellinae is a species of internal parasite classified under Coccidia. It has been recovered from the red warbler.
== References ==
|
taxon rank
|
{
"answer_start": [
26
],
"text": [
"species"
]
}
|
Isospora cardellinae is a species of internal parasite classified under Coccidia. It has been recovered from the red warbler.
== References ==
|
parent taxon
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Isospora"
]
}
|
Isospora cardellinae is a species of internal parasite classified under Coccidia. It has been recovered from the red warbler.
== References ==
|
taxon name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Isospora cardellinae"
]
}
|
Cardiovirus B is a species in the genus Cardiovirus and is represented by two isolates, Saffold virus (SAFV) and Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV).
== References ==
|
taxon rank
|
{
"answer_start": [
19
],
"text": [
"species"
]
}
|
Cardiovirus B is a species in the genus Cardiovirus and is represented by two isolates, Saffold virus (SAFV) and Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV).
== References ==
|
parent taxon
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Cardiovirus"
]
}
|
Cardiovirus B is a species in the genus Cardiovirus and is represented by two isolates, Saffold virus (SAFV) and Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV).
== References ==
|
taxon name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Cardiovirus B"
]
}
|
Blues on Fire is the follow-up album by Pat Travers to Live at The Bamboo Room (2013). The album was released on Cleopatra Records in July 2012 and consisted of covers of blues songs from the 1920s.
Track listing
Personnel
Pat Travers – guitars, bass guitar, vocals
Doug Bare – organ, piano
Carl Cleaver – piano
Sean Shannon – drums, engineer
Technical/production
John Lappen - A&R, Artist Relations
Mark Prator - Mastering, Mixing
Lucie Tran - Graphic Design
John Wesley - Mastering, Mixing
== References ==
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
32
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"text": [
"album"
]
}
|
Blues on Fire is the follow-up album by Pat Travers to Live at The Bamboo Room (2013). The album was released on Cleopatra Records in July 2012 and consisted of covers of blues songs from the 1920s.
Track listing
Personnel
Pat Travers – guitars, bass guitar, vocals
Doug Bare – organ, piano
Carl Cleaver – piano
Sean Shannon – drums, engineer
Technical/production
John Lappen - A&R, Artist Relations
Mark Prator - Mastering, Mixing
Lucie Tran - Graphic Design
John Wesley - Mastering, Mixing
== References ==
|
performer
|
{
"answer_start": [
41
],
"text": [
"Pat Travers"
]
}
|
Peschany (Russian: Песчаный) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Shaposhnikovskoye Rural Settlement, Olkhovatsky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The population was 64 as of 2010.
Geography
Peschany is located 12 km southeast of Olkhovatka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Shaposhnikovka is the nearest rural locality.
== References ==
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
10
],
"text": [
"Russia"
]
}
|
Peschany (Russian: Песчаный) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Shaposhnikovskoye Rural Settlement, Olkhovatsky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The population was 64 as of 2010.
Geography
Peschany is located 12 km southeast of Olkhovatka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Shaposhnikovka is the nearest rural locality.
== References ==
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
52
],
"text": [
"khutor"
]
}
|
Deewane Huye Paagal (Lovers Gone Mad) is a 2006 romantic action comedy film directed by Vikram Bhatt, and produced by Firoz A. Nadiadwala. It is a stand-alone sequel to 2002 film Awara Paagal Deewana. The film features Akshay Kumar, Shahid Kapoor, Rimi Sen, Suniel Shetty, Paresh Rawal and Johnny Lever. Aftab Shivdasani and Vivek Oberoi make guest appearances. The film was released on 25 November 2005.It is an unofficial remake of the 1998 American comedy film: There's Something About Mary with some changes.
Plot
Karan is in love with Tanya but is too shy to tell her. After he musters some courage and rescues her step-brother from some goons, he catches her attention and is eventually able to invite her to a fake birthday party. On her way there, Tanya witnesses the murder of a scientist, Khurana by his evil twin brother, the underworld don Mehboob, and as a result is forced to flee the country to save her own life. The scientist had stored a secret code in a stuffed toy, a parrot, now being sought by Mehboob, and Khurana was able to hide the toy in Tanya's car before being killed. Unaware, Tanya leaves the toy at home before fleeing the country, and the toy is later picked up by Karan, ignorant of Tanya's fate.
Three years later, still in love with Tanya, Karan learns that Tanya is in Dubai. He enlists the aid of a local hustler and bounty hunter, Rocky.
Rocky travels to Dubai, where his friend Babloo has already tracked down Tanya, who has become Natasha, a successful singer and performer. Rocky and Babloo stakeout Natasha's villa to make sure they are on the right track, but as soon as Rocky spots Natasha, it's love at first sight. While he has Natasha under surveillance, Karan and Murugan arrive at the Dubai airport from India. Faced with a potential competitor to woo Natasha, Rocky attempts to eliminate Karan from the picture by lying to him about Tanya. Karan is heartbroken and decides to go back to Mumbai. He is about to board his flight, when at the last moment, he spots a picture of Tanya as Natasha on a club advertisement. He is overjoyed, and assumes that Rocky made a mistake.
Though, there were two other people who were having feelings for Natasha.Local plumber, Sanju Malvani has been currying favours for Natasha by pretending to be a paraplegic on crutches. Every time Natasha meets someone she likes, Sanju eliminates the competitor using a unique trick. He edits and prints out a fake newspaper featuring an article showing that person as a crook, and comes over to Natasha and shares "the news" with her while acting all shocked himself.Also there is Tanya's physically disabled live-in friend Tommy, who also has a soft spot for her. Having heard of the death of Tanya's disabled brother, Tommy has since faked being run over in a car accident and now acts like he himself is disabled and mentally challenged.
Nonetheless, Rocky begins his attempted seduction of Natasha while pretending to be an architect. Natasha is ambushed in the parking lot by some thugs (who were hired by Rocky). Rocky intervenes, and after beating them, introduces himself to Natasha, and proceeds to show himself off as a charming professional with a heart of gold. Surprised, Natasha offers Rocky an invitation for tea later in the evening, which he accepts.
Later Rocky is confronted by several obstacles, Natasha's aunt Sweety, the jealous Tommy, and the family's pet dog. The parties departs to Natasha's latest album at a social event, where Rocky now comes face to face with Sanju, who is also pretending to be an architect.
With Natasha and company under surveillance, Rocky now intercepts Sanju trying to discredit him at Natasha's home. Later, when the shocked Natasha confronts Rocky about him being an alleged impostor, Rocky is able to convince Natasha that he is actually a captain on a ship. Tommy, however behaves in a somewhat jealous manner. He accuses Rocky of biting him. A food bill from a bar drops out of Tommy's pocket during his supposed accusation. This arouses Rocky's suspicions about his supposed "condition".
Rocky and Babloo track down Tommy at a local disco. Rocky confronts Tommy while he is on the disco floor and threatens to expose him in front of Natasha. At the end, Rocky lets Tommy go, on the condition that the latter will no longer attempt to get in his way of seducing Natasha.
Rocky has invited Natasha over for a cruise. Natasha spots Karan and Murugan sitting at the grounds. She introduces Karan to Rocky. Karan on seeing Rocky and Natasha happy wants to leave them alone out of his love for Tanya. While he tries to leave, Natasha convinces Karan to stay one more night in Dubai, and come over for dinner later in the day.
Sanju shows up later at the party, and pulls Natasha aside to reveal his latest newspaper creation, showing Rocky as an international crook, murderer and serial killer, whose M.O is to trap and seduce innocent girls like Natasha and then destroy their lives. Rocky overhears the conversation and while Natasha is occupied elsewhere, chases Sanju outside. Later, Rocky, Sanju and Tommy are seen sitting in a bar nearby after a confrontation, exposing each other as fraudsters and having a drink together, cursing their luck at the emergence of Karan as the new love in Natasha'a life.
The next day, Karan goes to Natasha's house to propose to her and finds that she has been sent an anonymous letter, informing her that he indeed had hired Rocky to follow her. In a spate of anger, she sends him out of the house. He goes to Rocky's house to confront him about this, and finds Sanju and Tommy there as well. Meanwhile, Mehboob and his family, including Sunny, (his illegitimate son, who has also been obsessed with Tanya since college) arrive at Natasha's house and interrogate her about the stuffed toy. Realising that his father had used his obsession to track down Natasha, Sunny turns on his father and kidnaps her. Sweety informs Sanju about this and he along with Rocky, Karan and Tommy follow them after having gotten directions from Murugan, who happened to see them from a taxi. It is revealed that a code to a vault is what Mehboob was searching. The vault had carried a secret solution, two drops of which could decrease a person's age by 25 years.
Rocky intervenes and cleverly destroys the toy after having it speak the code into Natasha's ear. A gunfight ensues, during which Natasha discovers Tommy and Sanju's deceit. Baljeet kidnaps Natasha. Rocky and Sanju follow them on bikes and manage to catch up with them. After thrashing all the men, they take Natasha to her house where a further argument ensues as to who should be more worthy of Natasha. The argument ends when Karan arrives with Raj Sinha and tells Natasha about Sanju's newspaper scams, one of which had exposed Raj as a drug dealer and addict earlier. Raj and Natasha are reunited. Wishing them luck, Karan leaves.
Natasha realises her love for Karan and stops him as he is leaving, saying that she and Raj had had no future ever since their earlier break up. She then accepts and reciprocates his love and they finally unite. This tearful union is once again being witnessed by a grumbling Rocky, Sanju and Tommy along with Sunny.
At the end, the narrator says that after all the effort he had undertaken to acquire the solution, Mehboob had become too overexcited and had consumed the whole quantity instead of two drops. He had ended up becoming a baby and Sunny unwittingly became his father. The film ends as the narrator requests the audience not to forget him.
Cast
Akshay Kumar as Ranbir "Rocky" Hiranandani
Suniel Shetty as Sanjay "Sanju" Malwani
Shahid Kapoor as Karan Sharma
Rimi Sen as Tanya Mulchandani / Natasha
Paresh Rawal as Tommy
Johnny Lever as Murugan
Vijay Raaz as Babloo
Om Puri as Scientist Khurana / Mehboob
Suresh Menon as Veerappan "Sunny" Khurana
Baljeet Singh as Baljeet Khurana
Supriya Pilgaonkar as Sweety Aunty
Asrani as the Blind Man
Leena as Kavita
Vivek Oberoi as Narrator
Aftab Shivdasani as Raj Sinha (special appearance)
Rakesh Bedi as Gullu Mulchandani
Snehal Dabi as Kutti Anna
Soundtrack
The music for all the songs were composed by Anu Malik and the lyrics for this film were by penned by Sameer.
References
External links
Deewane Huye Paagal at IMDb
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
71
],
"text": [
"film"
]
}
|
Deewane Huye Paagal (Lovers Gone Mad) is a 2006 romantic action comedy film directed by Vikram Bhatt, and produced by Firoz A. Nadiadwala. It is a stand-alone sequel to 2002 film Awara Paagal Deewana. The film features Akshay Kumar, Shahid Kapoor, Rimi Sen, Suniel Shetty, Paresh Rawal and Johnny Lever. Aftab Shivdasani and Vivek Oberoi make guest appearances. The film was released on 25 November 2005.It is an unofficial remake of the 1998 American comedy film: There's Something About Mary with some changes.
Plot
Karan is in love with Tanya but is too shy to tell her. After he musters some courage and rescues her step-brother from some goons, he catches her attention and is eventually able to invite her to a fake birthday party. On her way there, Tanya witnesses the murder of a scientist, Khurana by his evil twin brother, the underworld don Mehboob, and as a result is forced to flee the country to save her own life. The scientist had stored a secret code in a stuffed toy, a parrot, now being sought by Mehboob, and Khurana was able to hide the toy in Tanya's car before being killed. Unaware, Tanya leaves the toy at home before fleeing the country, and the toy is later picked up by Karan, ignorant of Tanya's fate.
Three years later, still in love with Tanya, Karan learns that Tanya is in Dubai. He enlists the aid of a local hustler and bounty hunter, Rocky.
Rocky travels to Dubai, where his friend Babloo has already tracked down Tanya, who has become Natasha, a successful singer and performer. Rocky and Babloo stakeout Natasha's villa to make sure they are on the right track, but as soon as Rocky spots Natasha, it's love at first sight. While he has Natasha under surveillance, Karan and Murugan arrive at the Dubai airport from India. Faced with a potential competitor to woo Natasha, Rocky attempts to eliminate Karan from the picture by lying to him about Tanya. Karan is heartbroken and decides to go back to Mumbai. He is about to board his flight, when at the last moment, he spots a picture of Tanya as Natasha on a club advertisement. He is overjoyed, and assumes that Rocky made a mistake.
Though, there were two other people who were having feelings for Natasha.Local plumber, Sanju Malvani has been currying favours for Natasha by pretending to be a paraplegic on crutches. Every time Natasha meets someone she likes, Sanju eliminates the competitor using a unique trick. He edits and prints out a fake newspaper featuring an article showing that person as a crook, and comes over to Natasha and shares "the news" with her while acting all shocked himself.Also there is Tanya's physically disabled live-in friend Tommy, who also has a soft spot for her. Having heard of the death of Tanya's disabled brother, Tommy has since faked being run over in a car accident and now acts like he himself is disabled and mentally challenged.
Nonetheless, Rocky begins his attempted seduction of Natasha while pretending to be an architect. Natasha is ambushed in the parking lot by some thugs (who were hired by Rocky). Rocky intervenes, and after beating them, introduces himself to Natasha, and proceeds to show himself off as a charming professional with a heart of gold. Surprised, Natasha offers Rocky an invitation for tea later in the evening, which he accepts.
Later Rocky is confronted by several obstacles, Natasha's aunt Sweety, the jealous Tommy, and the family's pet dog. The parties departs to Natasha's latest album at a social event, where Rocky now comes face to face with Sanju, who is also pretending to be an architect.
With Natasha and company under surveillance, Rocky now intercepts Sanju trying to discredit him at Natasha's home. Later, when the shocked Natasha confronts Rocky about him being an alleged impostor, Rocky is able to convince Natasha that he is actually a captain on a ship. Tommy, however behaves in a somewhat jealous manner. He accuses Rocky of biting him. A food bill from a bar drops out of Tommy's pocket during his supposed accusation. This arouses Rocky's suspicions about his supposed "condition".
Rocky and Babloo track down Tommy at a local disco. Rocky confronts Tommy while he is on the disco floor and threatens to expose him in front of Natasha. At the end, Rocky lets Tommy go, on the condition that the latter will no longer attempt to get in his way of seducing Natasha.
Rocky has invited Natasha over for a cruise. Natasha spots Karan and Murugan sitting at the grounds. She introduces Karan to Rocky. Karan on seeing Rocky and Natasha happy wants to leave them alone out of his love for Tanya. While he tries to leave, Natasha convinces Karan to stay one more night in Dubai, and come over for dinner later in the day.
Sanju shows up later at the party, and pulls Natasha aside to reveal his latest newspaper creation, showing Rocky as an international crook, murderer and serial killer, whose M.O is to trap and seduce innocent girls like Natasha and then destroy their lives. Rocky overhears the conversation and while Natasha is occupied elsewhere, chases Sanju outside. Later, Rocky, Sanju and Tommy are seen sitting in a bar nearby after a confrontation, exposing each other as fraudsters and having a drink together, cursing their luck at the emergence of Karan as the new love in Natasha'a life.
The next day, Karan goes to Natasha's house to propose to her and finds that she has been sent an anonymous letter, informing her that he indeed had hired Rocky to follow her. In a spate of anger, she sends him out of the house. He goes to Rocky's house to confront him about this, and finds Sanju and Tommy there as well. Meanwhile, Mehboob and his family, including Sunny, (his illegitimate son, who has also been obsessed with Tanya since college) arrive at Natasha's house and interrogate her about the stuffed toy. Realising that his father had used his obsession to track down Natasha, Sunny turns on his father and kidnaps her. Sweety informs Sanju about this and he along with Rocky, Karan and Tommy follow them after having gotten directions from Murugan, who happened to see them from a taxi. It is revealed that a code to a vault is what Mehboob was searching. The vault had carried a secret solution, two drops of which could decrease a person's age by 25 years.
Rocky intervenes and cleverly destroys the toy after having it speak the code into Natasha's ear. A gunfight ensues, during which Natasha discovers Tommy and Sanju's deceit. Baljeet kidnaps Natasha. Rocky and Sanju follow them on bikes and manage to catch up with them. After thrashing all the men, they take Natasha to her house where a further argument ensues as to who should be more worthy of Natasha. The argument ends when Karan arrives with Raj Sinha and tells Natasha about Sanju's newspaper scams, one of which had exposed Raj as a drug dealer and addict earlier. Raj and Natasha are reunited. Wishing them luck, Karan leaves.
Natasha realises her love for Karan and stops him as he is leaving, saying that she and Raj had had no future ever since their earlier break up. She then accepts and reciprocates his love and they finally unite. This tearful union is once again being witnessed by a grumbling Rocky, Sanju and Tommy along with Sunny.
At the end, the narrator says that after all the effort he had undertaken to acquire the solution, Mehboob had become too overexcited and had consumed the whole quantity instead of two drops. He had ended up becoming a baby and Sunny unwittingly became his father. The film ends as the narrator requests the audience not to forget him.
Cast
Akshay Kumar as Ranbir "Rocky" Hiranandani
Suniel Shetty as Sanjay "Sanju" Malwani
Shahid Kapoor as Karan Sharma
Rimi Sen as Tanya Mulchandani / Natasha
Paresh Rawal as Tommy
Johnny Lever as Murugan
Vijay Raaz as Babloo
Om Puri as Scientist Khurana / Mehboob
Suresh Menon as Veerappan "Sunny" Khurana
Baljeet Singh as Baljeet Khurana
Supriya Pilgaonkar as Sweety Aunty
Asrani as the Blind Man
Leena as Kavita
Vivek Oberoi as Narrator
Aftab Shivdasani as Raj Sinha (special appearance)
Rakesh Bedi as Gullu Mulchandani
Snehal Dabi as Kutti Anna
Soundtrack
The music for all the songs were composed by Anu Malik and the lyrics for this film were by penned by Sameer.
References
External links
Deewane Huye Paagal at IMDb
|
director
|
{
"answer_start": [
88
],
"text": [
"Vikram Bhatt"
]
}
|
Deewane Huye Paagal (Lovers Gone Mad) is a 2006 romantic action comedy film directed by Vikram Bhatt, and produced by Firoz A. Nadiadwala. It is a stand-alone sequel to 2002 film Awara Paagal Deewana. The film features Akshay Kumar, Shahid Kapoor, Rimi Sen, Suniel Shetty, Paresh Rawal and Johnny Lever. Aftab Shivdasani and Vivek Oberoi make guest appearances. The film was released on 25 November 2005.It is an unofficial remake of the 1998 American comedy film: There's Something About Mary with some changes.
Plot
Karan is in love with Tanya but is too shy to tell her. After he musters some courage and rescues her step-brother from some goons, he catches her attention and is eventually able to invite her to a fake birthday party. On her way there, Tanya witnesses the murder of a scientist, Khurana by his evil twin brother, the underworld don Mehboob, and as a result is forced to flee the country to save her own life. The scientist had stored a secret code in a stuffed toy, a parrot, now being sought by Mehboob, and Khurana was able to hide the toy in Tanya's car before being killed. Unaware, Tanya leaves the toy at home before fleeing the country, and the toy is later picked up by Karan, ignorant of Tanya's fate.
Three years later, still in love with Tanya, Karan learns that Tanya is in Dubai. He enlists the aid of a local hustler and bounty hunter, Rocky.
Rocky travels to Dubai, where his friend Babloo has already tracked down Tanya, who has become Natasha, a successful singer and performer. Rocky and Babloo stakeout Natasha's villa to make sure they are on the right track, but as soon as Rocky spots Natasha, it's love at first sight. While he has Natasha under surveillance, Karan and Murugan arrive at the Dubai airport from India. Faced with a potential competitor to woo Natasha, Rocky attempts to eliminate Karan from the picture by lying to him about Tanya. Karan is heartbroken and decides to go back to Mumbai. He is about to board his flight, when at the last moment, he spots a picture of Tanya as Natasha on a club advertisement. He is overjoyed, and assumes that Rocky made a mistake.
Though, there were two other people who were having feelings for Natasha.Local plumber, Sanju Malvani has been currying favours for Natasha by pretending to be a paraplegic on crutches. Every time Natasha meets someone she likes, Sanju eliminates the competitor using a unique trick. He edits and prints out a fake newspaper featuring an article showing that person as a crook, and comes over to Natasha and shares "the news" with her while acting all shocked himself.Also there is Tanya's physically disabled live-in friend Tommy, who also has a soft spot for her. Having heard of the death of Tanya's disabled brother, Tommy has since faked being run over in a car accident and now acts like he himself is disabled and mentally challenged.
Nonetheless, Rocky begins his attempted seduction of Natasha while pretending to be an architect. Natasha is ambushed in the parking lot by some thugs (who were hired by Rocky). Rocky intervenes, and after beating them, introduces himself to Natasha, and proceeds to show himself off as a charming professional with a heart of gold. Surprised, Natasha offers Rocky an invitation for tea later in the evening, which he accepts.
Later Rocky is confronted by several obstacles, Natasha's aunt Sweety, the jealous Tommy, and the family's pet dog. The parties departs to Natasha's latest album at a social event, where Rocky now comes face to face with Sanju, who is also pretending to be an architect.
With Natasha and company under surveillance, Rocky now intercepts Sanju trying to discredit him at Natasha's home. Later, when the shocked Natasha confronts Rocky about him being an alleged impostor, Rocky is able to convince Natasha that he is actually a captain on a ship. Tommy, however behaves in a somewhat jealous manner. He accuses Rocky of biting him. A food bill from a bar drops out of Tommy's pocket during his supposed accusation. This arouses Rocky's suspicions about his supposed "condition".
Rocky and Babloo track down Tommy at a local disco. Rocky confronts Tommy while he is on the disco floor and threatens to expose him in front of Natasha. At the end, Rocky lets Tommy go, on the condition that the latter will no longer attempt to get in his way of seducing Natasha.
Rocky has invited Natasha over for a cruise. Natasha spots Karan and Murugan sitting at the grounds. She introduces Karan to Rocky. Karan on seeing Rocky and Natasha happy wants to leave them alone out of his love for Tanya. While he tries to leave, Natasha convinces Karan to stay one more night in Dubai, and come over for dinner later in the day.
Sanju shows up later at the party, and pulls Natasha aside to reveal his latest newspaper creation, showing Rocky as an international crook, murderer and serial killer, whose M.O is to trap and seduce innocent girls like Natasha and then destroy their lives. Rocky overhears the conversation and while Natasha is occupied elsewhere, chases Sanju outside. Later, Rocky, Sanju and Tommy are seen sitting in a bar nearby after a confrontation, exposing each other as fraudsters and having a drink together, cursing their luck at the emergence of Karan as the new love in Natasha'a life.
The next day, Karan goes to Natasha's house to propose to her and finds that she has been sent an anonymous letter, informing her that he indeed had hired Rocky to follow her. In a spate of anger, she sends him out of the house. He goes to Rocky's house to confront him about this, and finds Sanju and Tommy there as well. Meanwhile, Mehboob and his family, including Sunny, (his illegitimate son, who has also been obsessed with Tanya since college) arrive at Natasha's house and interrogate her about the stuffed toy. Realising that his father had used his obsession to track down Natasha, Sunny turns on his father and kidnaps her. Sweety informs Sanju about this and he along with Rocky, Karan and Tommy follow them after having gotten directions from Murugan, who happened to see them from a taxi. It is revealed that a code to a vault is what Mehboob was searching. The vault had carried a secret solution, two drops of which could decrease a person's age by 25 years.
Rocky intervenes and cleverly destroys the toy after having it speak the code into Natasha's ear. A gunfight ensues, during which Natasha discovers Tommy and Sanju's deceit. Baljeet kidnaps Natasha. Rocky and Sanju follow them on bikes and manage to catch up with them. After thrashing all the men, they take Natasha to her house where a further argument ensues as to who should be more worthy of Natasha. The argument ends when Karan arrives with Raj Sinha and tells Natasha about Sanju's newspaper scams, one of which had exposed Raj as a drug dealer and addict earlier. Raj and Natasha are reunited. Wishing them luck, Karan leaves.
Natasha realises her love for Karan and stops him as he is leaving, saying that she and Raj had had no future ever since their earlier break up. She then accepts and reciprocates his love and they finally unite. This tearful union is once again being witnessed by a grumbling Rocky, Sanju and Tommy along with Sunny.
At the end, the narrator says that after all the effort he had undertaken to acquire the solution, Mehboob had become too overexcited and had consumed the whole quantity instead of two drops. He had ended up becoming a baby and Sunny unwittingly became his father. The film ends as the narrator requests the audience not to forget him.
Cast
Akshay Kumar as Ranbir "Rocky" Hiranandani
Suniel Shetty as Sanjay "Sanju" Malwani
Shahid Kapoor as Karan Sharma
Rimi Sen as Tanya Mulchandani / Natasha
Paresh Rawal as Tommy
Johnny Lever as Murugan
Vijay Raaz as Babloo
Om Puri as Scientist Khurana / Mehboob
Suresh Menon as Veerappan "Sunny" Khurana
Baljeet Singh as Baljeet Khurana
Supriya Pilgaonkar as Sweety Aunty
Asrani as the Blind Man
Leena as Kavita
Vivek Oberoi as Narrator
Aftab Shivdasani as Raj Sinha (special appearance)
Rakesh Bedi as Gullu Mulchandani
Snehal Dabi as Kutti Anna
Soundtrack
The music for all the songs were composed by Anu Malik and the lyrics for this film were by penned by Sameer.
References
External links
Deewane Huye Paagal at IMDb
|
composer
|
{
"answer_start": [
8160
],
"text": [
"Anu Malik"
]
}
|
Deewane Huye Paagal (Lovers Gone Mad) is a 2006 romantic action comedy film directed by Vikram Bhatt, and produced by Firoz A. Nadiadwala. It is a stand-alone sequel to 2002 film Awara Paagal Deewana. The film features Akshay Kumar, Shahid Kapoor, Rimi Sen, Suniel Shetty, Paresh Rawal and Johnny Lever. Aftab Shivdasani and Vivek Oberoi make guest appearances. The film was released on 25 November 2005.It is an unofficial remake of the 1998 American comedy film: There's Something About Mary with some changes.
Plot
Karan is in love with Tanya but is too shy to tell her. After he musters some courage and rescues her step-brother from some goons, he catches her attention and is eventually able to invite her to a fake birthday party. On her way there, Tanya witnesses the murder of a scientist, Khurana by his evil twin brother, the underworld don Mehboob, and as a result is forced to flee the country to save her own life. The scientist had stored a secret code in a stuffed toy, a parrot, now being sought by Mehboob, and Khurana was able to hide the toy in Tanya's car before being killed. Unaware, Tanya leaves the toy at home before fleeing the country, and the toy is later picked up by Karan, ignorant of Tanya's fate.
Three years later, still in love with Tanya, Karan learns that Tanya is in Dubai. He enlists the aid of a local hustler and bounty hunter, Rocky.
Rocky travels to Dubai, where his friend Babloo has already tracked down Tanya, who has become Natasha, a successful singer and performer. Rocky and Babloo stakeout Natasha's villa to make sure they are on the right track, but as soon as Rocky spots Natasha, it's love at first sight. While he has Natasha under surveillance, Karan and Murugan arrive at the Dubai airport from India. Faced with a potential competitor to woo Natasha, Rocky attempts to eliminate Karan from the picture by lying to him about Tanya. Karan is heartbroken and decides to go back to Mumbai. He is about to board his flight, when at the last moment, he spots a picture of Tanya as Natasha on a club advertisement. He is overjoyed, and assumes that Rocky made a mistake.
Though, there were two other people who were having feelings for Natasha.Local plumber, Sanju Malvani has been currying favours for Natasha by pretending to be a paraplegic on crutches. Every time Natasha meets someone she likes, Sanju eliminates the competitor using a unique trick. He edits and prints out a fake newspaper featuring an article showing that person as a crook, and comes over to Natasha and shares "the news" with her while acting all shocked himself.Also there is Tanya's physically disabled live-in friend Tommy, who also has a soft spot for her. Having heard of the death of Tanya's disabled brother, Tommy has since faked being run over in a car accident and now acts like he himself is disabled and mentally challenged.
Nonetheless, Rocky begins his attempted seduction of Natasha while pretending to be an architect. Natasha is ambushed in the parking lot by some thugs (who were hired by Rocky). Rocky intervenes, and after beating them, introduces himself to Natasha, and proceeds to show himself off as a charming professional with a heart of gold. Surprised, Natasha offers Rocky an invitation for tea later in the evening, which he accepts.
Later Rocky is confronted by several obstacles, Natasha's aunt Sweety, the jealous Tommy, and the family's pet dog. The parties departs to Natasha's latest album at a social event, where Rocky now comes face to face with Sanju, who is also pretending to be an architect.
With Natasha and company under surveillance, Rocky now intercepts Sanju trying to discredit him at Natasha's home. Later, when the shocked Natasha confronts Rocky about him being an alleged impostor, Rocky is able to convince Natasha that he is actually a captain on a ship. Tommy, however behaves in a somewhat jealous manner. He accuses Rocky of biting him. A food bill from a bar drops out of Tommy's pocket during his supposed accusation. This arouses Rocky's suspicions about his supposed "condition".
Rocky and Babloo track down Tommy at a local disco. Rocky confronts Tommy while he is on the disco floor and threatens to expose him in front of Natasha. At the end, Rocky lets Tommy go, on the condition that the latter will no longer attempt to get in his way of seducing Natasha.
Rocky has invited Natasha over for a cruise. Natasha spots Karan and Murugan sitting at the grounds. She introduces Karan to Rocky. Karan on seeing Rocky and Natasha happy wants to leave them alone out of his love for Tanya. While he tries to leave, Natasha convinces Karan to stay one more night in Dubai, and come over for dinner later in the day.
Sanju shows up later at the party, and pulls Natasha aside to reveal his latest newspaper creation, showing Rocky as an international crook, murderer and serial killer, whose M.O is to trap and seduce innocent girls like Natasha and then destroy their lives. Rocky overhears the conversation and while Natasha is occupied elsewhere, chases Sanju outside. Later, Rocky, Sanju and Tommy are seen sitting in a bar nearby after a confrontation, exposing each other as fraudsters and having a drink together, cursing their luck at the emergence of Karan as the new love in Natasha'a life.
The next day, Karan goes to Natasha's house to propose to her and finds that she has been sent an anonymous letter, informing her that he indeed had hired Rocky to follow her. In a spate of anger, she sends him out of the house. He goes to Rocky's house to confront him about this, and finds Sanju and Tommy there as well. Meanwhile, Mehboob and his family, including Sunny, (his illegitimate son, who has also been obsessed with Tanya since college) arrive at Natasha's house and interrogate her about the stuffed toy. Realising that his father had used his obsession to track down Natasha, Sunny turns on his father and kidnaps her. Sweety informs Sanju about this and he along with Rocky, Karan and Tommy follow them after having gotten directions from Murugan, who happened to see them from a taxi. It is revealed that a code to a vault is what Mehboob was searching. The vault had carried a secret solution, two drops of which could decrease a person's age by 25 years.
Rocky intervenes and cleverly destroys the toy after having it speak the code into Natasha's ear. A gunfight ensues, during which Natasha discovers Tommy and Sanju's deceit. Baljeet kidnaps Natasha. Rocky and Sanju follow them on bikes and manage to catch up with them. After thrashing all the men, they take Natasha to her house where a further argument ensues as to who should be more worthy of Natasha. The argument ends when Karan arrives with Raj Sinha and tells Natasha about Sanju's newspaper scams, one of which had exposed Raj as a drug dealer and addict earlier. Raj and Natasha are reunited. Wishing them luck, Karan leaves.
Natasha realises her love for Karan and stops him as he is leaving, saying that she and Raj had had no future ever since their earlier break up. She then accepts and reciprocates his love and they finally unite. This tearful union is once again being witnessed by a grumbling Rocky, Sanju and Tommy along with Sunny.
At the end, the narrator says that after all the effort he had undertaken to acquire the solution, Mehboob had become too overexcited and had consumed the whole quantity instead of two drops. He had ended up becoming a baby and Sunny unwittingly became his father. The film ends as the narrator requests the audience not to forget him.
Cast
Akshay Kumar as Ranbir "Rocky" Hiranandani
Suniel Shetty as Sanjay "Sanju" Malwani
Shahid Kapoor as Karan Sharma
Rimi Sen as Tanya Mulchandani / Natasha
Paresh Rawal as Tommy
Johnny Lever as Murugan
Vijay Raaz as Babloo
Om Puri as Scientist Khurana / Mehboob
Suresh Menon as Veerappan "Sunny" Khurana
Baljeet Singh as Baljeet Khurana
Supriya Pilgaonkar as Sweety Aunty
Asrani as the Blind Man
Leena as Kavita
Vivek Oberoi as Narrator
Aftab Shivdasani as Raj Sinha (special appearance)
Rakesh Bedi as Gullu Mulchandani
Snehal Dabi as Kutti Anna
Soundtrack
The music for all the songs were composed by Anu Malik and the lyrics for this film were by penned by Sameer.
References
External links
Deewane Huye Paagal at IMDb
|
cast member
|
{
"answer_start": [
219
],
"text": [
"Akshay Kumar"
]
}
|
Deewane Huye Paagal (Lovers Gone Mad) is a 2006 romantic action comedy film directed by Vikram Bhatt, and produced by Firoz A. Nadiadwala. It is a stand-alone sequel to 2002 film Awara Paagal Deewana. The film features Akshay Kumar, Shahid Kapoor, Rimi Sen, Suniel Shetty, Paresh Rawal and Johnny Lever. Aftab Shivdasani and Vivek Oberoi make guest appearances. The film was released on 25 November 2005.It is an unofficial remake of the 1998 American comedy film: There's Something About Mary with some changes.
Plot
Karan is in love with Tanya but is too shy to tell her. After he musters some courage and rescues her step-brother from some goons, he catches her attention and is eventually able to invite her to a fake birthday party. On her way there, Tanya witnesses the murder of a scientist, Khurana by his evil twin brother, the underworld don Mehboob, and as a result is forced to flee the country to save her own life. The scientist had stored a secret code in a stuffed toy, a parrot, now being sought by Mehboob, and Khurana was able to hide the toy in Tanya's car before being killed. Unaware, Tanya leaves the toy at home before fleeing the country, and the toy is later picked up by Karan, ignorant of Tanya's fate.
Three years later, still in love with Tanya, Karan learns that Tanya is in Dubai. He enlists the aid of a local hustler and bounty hunter, Rocky.
Rocky travels to Dubai, where his friend Babloo has already tracked down Tanya, who has become Natasha, a successful singer and performer. Rocky and Babloo stakeout Natasha's villa to make sure they are on the right track, but as soon as Rocky spots Natasha, it's love at first sight. While he has Natasha under surveillance, Karan and Murugan arrive at the Dubai airport from India. Faced with a potential competitor to woo Natasha, Rocky attempts to eliminate Karan from the picture by lying to him about Tanya. Karan is heartbroken and decides to go back to Mumbai. He is about to board his flight, when at the last moment, he spots a picture of Tanya as Natasha on a club advertisement. He is overjoyed, and assumes that Rocky made a mistake.
Though, there were two other people who were having feelings for Natasha.Local plumber, Sanju Malvani has been currying favours for Natasha by pretending to be a paraplegic on crutches. Every time Natasha meets someone she likes, Sanju eliminates the competitor using a unique trick. He edits and prints out a fake newspaper featuring an article showing that person as a crook, and comes over to Natasha and shares "the news" with her while acting all shocked himself.Also there is Tanya's physically disabled live-in friend Tommy, who also has a soft spot for her. Having heard of the death of Tanya's disabled brother, Tommy has since faked being run over in a car accident and now acts like he himself is disabled and mentally challenged.
Nonetheless, Rocky begins his attempted seduction of Natasha while pretending to be an architect. Natasha is ambushed in the parking lot by some thugs (who were hired by Rocky). Rocky intervenes, and after beating them, introduces himself to Natasha, and proceeds to show himself off as a charming professional with a heart of gold. Surprised, Natasha offers Rocky an invitation for tea later in the evening, which he accepts.
Later Rocky is confronted by several obstacles, Natasha's aunt Sweety, the jealous Tommy, and the family's pet dog. The parties departs to Natasha's latest album at a social event, where Rocky now comes face to face with Sanju, who is also pretending to be an architect.
With Natasha and company under surveillance, Rocky now intercepts Sanju trying to discredit him at Natasha's home. Later, when the shocked Natasha confronts Rocky about him being an alleged impostor, Rocky is able to convince Natasha that he is actually a captain on a ship. Tommy, however behaves in a somewhat jealous manner. He accuses Rocky of biting him. A food bill from a bar drops out of Tommy's pocket during his supposed accusation. This arouses Rocky's suspicions about his supposed "condition".
Rocky and Babloo track down Tommy at a local disco. Rocky confronts Tommy while he is on the disco floor and threatens to expose him in front of Natasha. At the end, Rocky lets Tommy go, on the condition that the latter will no longer attempt to get in his way of seducing Natasha.
Rocky has invited Natasha over for a cruise. Natasha spots Karan and Murugan sitting at the grounds. She introduces Karan to Rocky. Karan on seeing Rocky and Natasha happy wants to leave them alone out of his love for Tanya. While he tries to leave, Natasha convinces Karan to stay one more night in Dubai, and come over for dinner later in the day.
Sanju shows up later at the party, and pulls Natasha aside to reveal his latest newspaper creation, showing Rocky as an international crook, murderer and serial killer, whose M.O is to trap and seduce innocent girls like Natasha and then destroy their lives. Rocky overhears the conversation and while Natasha is occupied elsewhere, chases Sanju outside. Later, Rocky, Sanju and Tommy are seen sitting in a bar nearby after a confrontation, exposing each other as fraudsters and having a drink together, cursing their luck at the emergence of Karan as the new love in Natasha'a life.
The next day, Karan goes to Natasha's house to propose to her and finds that she has been sent an anonymous letter, informing her that he indeed had hired Rocky to follow her. In a spate of anger, she sends him out of the house. He goes to Rocky's house to confront him about this, and finds Sanju and Tommy there as well. Meanwhile, Mehboob and his family, including Sunny, (his illegitimate son, who has also been obsessed with Tanya since college) arrive at Natasha's house and interrogate her about the stuffed toy. Realising that his father had used his obsession to track down Natasha, Sunny turns on his father and kidnaps her. Sweety informs Sanju about this and he along with Rocky, Karan and Tommy follow them after having gotten directions from Murugan, who happened to see them from a taxi. It is revealed that a code to a vault is what Mehboob was searching. The vault had carried a secret solution, two drops of which could decrease a person's age by 25 years.
Rocky intervenes and cleverly destroys the toy after having it speak the code into Natasha's ear. A gunfight ensues, during which Natasha discovers Tommy and Sanju's deceit. Baljeet kidnaps Natasha. Rocky and Sanju follow them on bikes and manage to catch up with them. After thrashing all the men, they take Natasha to her house where a further argument ensues as to who should be more worthy of Natasha. The argument ends when Karan arrives with Raj Sinha and tells Natasha about Sanju's newspaper scams, one of which had exposed Raj as a drug dealer and addict earlier. Raj and Natasha are reunited. Wishing them luck, Karan leaves.
Natasha realises her love for Karan and stops him as he is leaving, saying that she and Raj had had no future ever since their earlier break up. She then accepts and reciprocates his love and they finally unite. This tearful union is once again being witnessed by a grumbling Rocky, Sanju and Tommy along with Sunny.
At the end, the narrator says that after all the effort he had undertaken to acquire the solution, Mehboob had become too overexcited and had consumed the whole quantity instead of two drops. He had ended up becoming a baby and Sunny unwittingly became his father. The film ends as the narrator requests the audience not to forget him.
Cast
Akshay Kumar as Ranbir "Rocky" Hiranandani
Suniel Shetty as Sanjay "Sanju" Malwani
Shahid Kapoor as Karan Sharma
Rimi Sen as Tanya Mulchandani / Natasha
Paresh Rawal as Tommy
Johnny Lever as Murugan
Vijay Raaz as Babloo
Om Puri as Scientist Khurana / Mehboob
Suresh Menon as Veerappan "Sunny" Khurana
Baljeet Singh as Baljeet Khurana
Supriya Pilgaonkar as Sweety Aunty
Asrani as the Blind Man
Leena as Kavita
Vivek Oberoi as Narrator
Aftab Shivdasani as Raj Sinha (special appearance)
Rakesh Bedi as Gullu Mulchandani
Snehal Dabi as Kutti Anna
Soundtrack
The music for all the songs were composed by Anu Malik and the lyrics for this film were by penned by Sameer.
References
External links
Deewane Huye Paagal at IMDb
|
producer
|
{
"answer_start": [
118
],
"text": [
"Firoz A. Nadiadwala"
]
}
|
Deewane Huye Paagal (Lovers Gone Mad) is a 2006 romantic action comedy film directed by Vikram Bhatt, and produced by Firoz A. Nadiadwala. It is a stand-alone sequel to 2002 film Awara Paagal Deewana. The film features Akshay Kumar, Shahid Kapoor, Rimi Sen, Suniel Shetty, Paresh Rawal and Johnny Lever. Aftab Shivdasani and Vivek Oberoi make guest appearances. The film was released on 25 November 2005.It is an unofficial remake of the 1998 American comedy film: There's Something About Mary with some changes.
Plot
Karan is in love with Tanya but is too shy to tell her. After he musters some courage and rescues her step-brother from some goons, he catches her attention and is eventually able to invite her to a fake birthday party. On her way there, Tanya witnesses the murder of a scientist, Khurana by his evil twin brother, the underworld don Mehboob, and as a result is forced to flee the country to save her own life. The scientist had stored a secret code in a stuffed toy, a parrot, now being sought by Mehboob, and Khurana was able to hide the toy in Tanya's car before being killed. Unaware, Tanya leaves the toy at home before fleeing the country, and the toy is later picked up by Karan, ignorant of Tanya's fate.
Three years later, still in love with Tanya, Karan learns that Tanya is in Dubai. He enlists the aid of a local hustler and bounty hunter, Rocky.
Rocky travels to Dubai, where his friend Babloo has already tracked down Tanya, who has become Natasha, a successful singer and performer. Rocky and Babloo stakeout Natasha's villa to make sure they are on the right track, but as soon as Rocky spots Natasha, it's love at first sight. While he has Natasha under surveillance, Karan and Murugan arrive at the Dubai airport from India. Faced with a potential competitor to woo Natasha, Rocky attempts to eliminate Karan from the picture by lying to him about Tanya. Karan is heartbroken and decides to go back to Mumbai. He is about to board his flight, when at the last moment, he spots a picture of Tanya as Natasha on a club advertisement. He is overjoyed, and assumes that Rocky made a mistake.
Though, there were two other people who were having feelings for Natasha.Local plumber, Sanju Malvani has been currying favours for Natasha by pretending to be a paraplegic on crutches. Every time Natasha meets someone she likes, Sanju eliminates the competitor using a unique trick. He edits and prints out a fake newspaper featuring an article showing that person as a crook, and comes over to Natasha and shares "the news" with her while acting all shocked himself.Also there is Tanya's physically disabled live-in friend Tommy, who also has a soft spot for her. Having heard of the death of Tanya's disabled brother, Tommy has since faked being run over in a car accident and now acts like he himself is disabled and mentally challenged.
Nonetheless, Rocky begins his attempted seduction of Natasha while pretending to be an architect. Natasha is ambushed in the parking lot by some thugs (who were hired by Rocky). Rocky intervenes, and after beating them, introduces himself to Natasha, and proceeds to show himself off as a charming professional with a heart of gold. Surprised, Natasha offers Rocky an invitation for tea later in the evening, which he accepts.
Later Rocky is confronted by several obstacles, Natasha's aunt Sweety, the jealous Tommy, and the family's pet dog. The parties departs to Natasha's latest album at a social event, where Rocky now comes face to face with Sanju, who is also pretending to be an architect.
With Natasha and company under surveillance, Rocky now intercepts Sanju trying to discredit him at Natasha's home. Later, when the shocked Natasha confronts Rocky about him being an alleged impostor, Rocky is able to convince Natasha that he is actually a captain on a ship. Tommy, however behaves in a somewhat jealous manner. He accuses Rocky of biting him. A food bill from a bar drops out of Tommy's pocket during his supposed accusation. This arouses Rocky's suspicions about his supposed "condition".
Rocky and Babloo track down Tommy at a local disco. Rocky confronts Tommy while he is on the disco floor and threatens to expose him in front of Natasha. At the end, Rocky lets Tommy go, on the condition that the latter will no longer attempt to get in his way of seducing Natasha.
Rocky has invited Natasha over for a cruise. Natasha spots Karan and Murugan sitting at the grounds. She introduces Karan to Rocky. Karan on seeing Rocky and Natasha happy wants to leave them alone out of his love for Tanya. While he tries to leave, Natasha convinces Karan to stay one more night in Dubai, and come over for dinner later in the day.
Sanju shows up later at the party, and pulls Natasha aside to reveal his latest newspaper creation, showing Rocky as an international crook, murderer and serial killer, whose M.O is to trap and seduce innocent girls like Natasha and then destroy their lives. Rocky overhears the conversation and while Natasha is occupied elsewhere, chases Sanju outside. Later, Rocky, Sanju and Tommy are seen sitting in a bar nearby after a confrontation, exposing each other as fraudsters and having a drink together, cursing their luck at the emergence of Karan as the new love in Natasha'a life.
The next day, Karan goes to Natasha's house to propose to her and finds that she has been sent an anonymous letter, informing her that he indeed had hired Rocky to follow her. In a spate of anger, she sends him out of the house. He goes to Rocky's house to confront him about this, and finds Sanju and Tommy there as well. Meanwhile, Mehboob and his family, including Sunny, (his illegitimate son, who has also been obsessed with Tanya since college) arrive at Natasha's house and interrogate her about the stuffed toy. Realising that his father had used his obsession to track down Natasha, Sunny turns on his father and kidnaps her. Sweety informs Sanju about this and he along with Rocky, Karan and Tommy follow them after having gotten directions from Murugan, who happened to see them from a taxi. It is revealed that a code to a vault is what Mehboob was searching. The vault had carried a secret solution, two drops of which could decrease a person's age by 25 years.
Rocky intervenes and cleverly destroys the toy after having it speak the code into Natasha's ear. A gunfight ensues, during which Natasha discovers Tommy and Sanju's deceit. Baljeet kidnaps Natasha. Rocky and Sanju follow them on bikes and manage to catch up with them. After thrashing all the men, they take Natasha to her house where a further argument ensues as to who should be more worthy of Natasha. The argument ends when Karan arrives with Raj Sinha and tells Natasha about Sanju's newspaper scams, one of which had exposed Raj as a drug dealer and addict earlier. Raj and Natasha are reunited. Wishing them luck, Karan leaves.
Natasha realises her love for Karan and stops him as he is leaving, saying that she and Raj had had no future ever since their earlier break up. She then accepts and reciprocates his love and they finally unite. This tearful union is once again being witnessed by a grumbling Rocky, Sanju and Tommy along with Sunny.
At the end, the narrator says that after all the effort he had undertaken to acquire the solution, Mehboob had become too overexcited and had consumed the whole quantity instead of two drops. He had ended up becoming a baby and Sunny unwittingly became his father. The film ends as the narrator requests the audience not to forget him.
Cast
Akshay Kumar as Ranbir "Rocky" Hiranandani
Suniel Shetty as Sanjay "Sanju" Malwani
Shahid Kapoor as Karan Sharma
Rimi Sen as Tanya Mulchandani / Natasha
Paresh Rawal as Tommy
Johnny Lever as Murugan
Vijay Raaz as Babloo
Om Puri as Scientist Khurana / Mehboob
Suresh Menon as Veerappan "Sunny" Khurana
Baljeet Singh as Baljeet Khurana
Supriya Pilgaonkar as Sweety Aunty
Asrani as the Blind Man
Leena as Kavita
Vivek Oberoi as Narrator
Aftab Shivdasani as Raj Sinha (special appearance)
Rakesh Bedi as Gullu Mulchandani
Snehal Dabi as Kutti Anna
Soundtrack
The music for all the songs were composed by Anu Malik and the lyrics for this film were by penned by Sameer.
References
External links
Deewane Huye Paagal at IMDb
|
country of origin
|
{
"answer_start": [
1755
],
"text": [
"India"
]
}
|
The Taça de Portugal (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈtasɐ ðɨ puɾtuˈɣal]; "Cup of Portugal") is an annual association football competition and the premier knockout tournament in Portuguese football. For sponsorship reasons, it has been known as Taça de Portugal Placard since the 2015–16 season. Organised by the Portuguese Football Federation since it was first held in 1938, the competition is open to professional and amateur clubs from the top-four league divisions. Matches are played from August–September to May–June, and the final is traditionally held at the Estádio Nacional in Oeiras, near Lisbon. The winners qualify for the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira (or the runners-up, in case the winners are also the league champions) and the UEFA Europa League (unless they already qualify for the UEFA Champions League through league placing).
Before 1938, a similar competition was held since 1922 under the name Campeonato de Portugal (English: Championship of Portugal), which determined the national champions from among the different regional championship winners. The establishment of the Primeira Liga, a nationwide league-based competition, as the official domestic championship in 1938, led to the conversion of the Campeonato de Portugal into the main domestic cup competition, under its current designation. In fact, the trophy awarded to the Portuguese Cup winners is the same that was awarded to the Campeonato de Portugal winners, although titles in each competition are counted separately.
The first winners of the Taça de Portugal were Académica, who defeated Benfica 4–3 in the 1939 final. Benfica are the most successful team in the competition, with 26 trophies in 38 final appearances. Porto are the current holders, after beating Tondela in the 2022 final.
History
The first incarnation of a Portuguese Cup began in 1912, as an invitational tournament organized by SC Império; it was named after the organizing club, as "Taça do Império" (not to be confused with a similarly named, but unrelated, Taça Império - the one-off trophy for the inaugural match at the National Stadium on 10 June 1944). Because of its closed format, with very few clubs taking part, the Portuguese Federation does not recognise it as a true "national cup"; it ended in 1918.
The inaugural season of the "Campeonato de Portugal" (Championship of Portugal) took place in 1921–22, and this competition was played every season until 1937–38. The original format had all the clubs participating in regional leagues, with the regional winners progressing to knock-out rounds, and the ultimate victors named Champions of Portugal. This was the primary tournament in Portugal, until the creation of the round-robin competition in 1934-35 - in fact, the Champions moniker of this early period can be misleading, as the modern concept of "champion" applies to the league champion (i.e., for statistical purposes, the winners of this Campeonato de Portugal are no longer counted among Portuguese League champions). The short period of coexistence between two championships meant considerable confusion, and was pointed as a reason for lack of competitiveness in contemporary international matches - therefore, a revamp was bound to happen.
The success of the older competition meant it was carried over after the reorganization of Football competitions in 1938–39, albeit losing its top status: the (round-robin) league carried the name Campeonato (or, in its longform, "Campeonato Nacional da Primeira Divisão"), and the old Campeonato de Portugal was renamed "Taça de Portugal" (Portuguese Cup) for the 1938–39 season. The Cup soon became the second-most important trophy in Portuguese football.
The Cup is organised by the Portuguese Football Federation (Federação Portuguesa de Futebol) and is played by all teams in the Primeira Liga, Segunda Liga (excluding the B teams), Campeonato Nacional de Seniores (excluding reserve teams), 22 District Championships runners-up and by 18 District Cups winners.
Format
As of the 2008–09 season, the cup is composed of 8 rounds (final included), with 1st level clubs joining at the 3rd round, the 2nd level clubs joining at the 2nd round and the 3rd and lower-level clubs competing from the beginning. All rounds are played in a single game, except for the semifinals.
Final venues
The final match has been played at the Estádio Nacional near Lisbon in Jamor every season since 1946, except in 1961 (in a rare occurrence, Estádio das Antas was chosen as a more convenient venue for both Leixões and FC Porto, despite being the home of the latter; an agreement was reached by both teams due to geographical proximity and capacity); in the three years following the Carnation Revolution; in the 1982–83 season, due to FC Porto's pressure. In the years following the Carnation Revolution, the venue for the final match would be the home ground of the team that had won the Portuguese Cup the previous year; however, when Boavista won the Cup twice in a row, its home ground (Estádio do Bessa) was deemed too small and the matches were instead played in Estádio das Antas (FC Porto's former home ground).
Finals
Campeonato de Portugal (1922–1938)
Performance by club
Taça de Portugal (1938–present)
Performance by club
See also
List of association football competitions in Portugal
List of Taça de Portugal winning managers
Notes
References
Further reading
Lebre, Fernando; Ribeiro, Magda (October 2007). Taça de Portugal: Décadas de paixão [Portuguese Cup: Decades of passion] (First ed.). Sete Caminhos. ISBN 978-989-602-121-4.
External links
List of Taça de Portugal winners (in Portuguese)
Competition page at Portuguese Football Federation (in Portuguese)
Competition page at UEFA
List of winners at RSSSF
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
12
],
"text": [
"Portugal"
]
}
|
The Taça de Portugal (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈtasɐ ðɨ puɾtuˈɣal]; "Cup of Portugal") is an annual association football competition and the premier knockout tournament in Portuguese football. For sponsorship reasons, it has been known as Taça de Portugal Placard since the 2015–16 season. Organised by the Portuguese Football Federation since it was first held in 1938, the competition is open to professional and amateur clubs from the top-four league divisions. Matches are played from August–September to May–June, and the final is traditionally held at the Estádio Nacional in Oeiras, near Lisbon. The winners qualify for the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira (or the runners-up, in case the winners are also the league champions) and the UEFA Europa League (unless they already qualify for the UEFA Champions League through league placing).
Before 1938, a similar competition was held since 1922 under the name Campeonato de Portugal (English: Championship of Portugal), which determined the national champions from among the different regional championship winners. The establishment of the Primeira Liga, a nationwide league-based competition, as the official domestic championship in 1938, led to the conversion of the Campeonato de Portugal into the main domestic cup competition, under its current designation. In fact, the trophy awarded to the Portuguese Cup winners is the same that was awarded to the Campeonato de Portugal winners, although titles in each competition are counted separately.
The first winners of the Taça de Portugal were Académica, who defeated Benfica 4–3 in the 1939 final. Benfica are the most successful team in the competition, with 26 trophies in 38 final appearances. Porto are the current holders, after beating Tondela in the 2022 final.
History
The first incarnation of a Portuguese Cup began in 1912, as an invitational tournament organized by SC Império; it was named after the organizing club, as "Taça do Império" (not to be confused with a similarly named, but unrelated, Taça Império - the one-off trophy for the inaugural match at the National Stadium on 10 June 1944). Because of its closed format, with very few clubs taking part, the Portuguese Federation does not recognise it as a true "national cup"; it ended in 1918.
The inaugural season of the "Campeonato de Portugal" (Championship of Portugal) took place in 1921–22, and this competition was played every season until 1937–38. The original format had all the clubs participating in regional leagues, with the regional winners progressing to knock-out rounds, and the ultimate victors named Champions of Portugal. This was the primary tournament in Portugal, until the creation of the round-robin competition in 1934-35 - in fact, the Champions moniker of this early period can be misleading, as the modern concept of "champion" applies to the league champion (i.e., for statistical purposes, the winners of this Campeonato de Portugal are no longer counted among Portuguese League champions). The short period of coexistence between two championships meant considerable confusion, and was pointed as a reason for lack of competitiveness in contemporary international matches - therefore, a revamp was bound to happen.
The success of the older competition meant it was carried over after the reorganization of Football competitions in 1938–39, albeit losing its top status: the (round-robin) league carried the name Campeonato (or, in its longform, "Campeonato Nacional da Primeira Divisão"), and the old Campeonato de Portugal was renamed "Taça de Portugal" (Portuguese Cup) for the 1938–39 season. The Cup soon became the second-most important trophy in Portuguese football.
The Cup is organised by the Portuguese Football Federation (Federação Portuguesa de Futebol) and is played by all teams in the Primeira Liga, Segunda Liga (excluding the B teams), Campeonato Nacional de Seniores (excluding reserve teams), 22 District Championships runners-up and by 18 District Cups winners.
Format
As of the 2008–09 season, the cup is composed of 8 rounds (final included), with 1st level clubs joining at the 3rd round, the 2nd level clubs joining at the 2nd round and the 3rd and lower-level clubs competing from the beginning. All rounds are played in a single game, except for the semifinals.
Final venues
The final match has been played at the Estádio Nacional near Lisbon in Jamor every season since 1946, except in 1961 (in a rare occurrence, Estádio das Antas was chosen as a more convenient venue for both Leixões and FC Porto, despite being the home of the latter; an agreement was reached by both teams due to geographical proximity and capacity); in the three years following the Carnation Revolution; in the 1982–83 season, due to FC Porto's pressure. In the years following the Carnation Revolution, the venue for the final match would be the home ground of the team that had won the Portuguese Cup the previous year; however, when Boavista won the Cup twice in a row, its home ground (Estádio do Bessa) was deemed too small and the matches were instead played in Estádio das Antas (FC Porto's former home ground).
Finals
Campeonato de Portugal (1922–1938)
Performance by club
Taça de Portugal (1938–present)
Performance by club
See also
List of association football competitions in Portugal
List of Taça de Portugal winning managers
Notes
References
Further reading
Lebre, Fernando; Ribeiro, Magda (October 2007). Taça de Portugal: Décadas de paixão [Portuguese Cup: Decades of passion] (First ed.). Sete Caminhos. ISBN 978-989-602-121-4.
External links
List of Taça de Portugal winners (in Portuguese)
Competition page at Portuguese Football Federation (in Portuguese)
Competition page at UEFA
List of winners at RSSSF
|
location
|
{
"answer_start": [
12
],
"text": [
"Portugal"
]
}
|
The Taça de Portugal (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈtasɐ ðɨ puɾtuˈɣal]; "Cup of Portugal") is an annual association football competition and the premier knockout tournament in Portuguese football. For sponsorship reasons, it has been known as Taça de Portugal Placard since the 2015–16 season. Organised by the Portuguese Football Federation since it was first held in 1938, the competition is open to professional and amateur clubs from the top-four league divisions. Matches are played from August–September to May–June, and the final is traditionally held at the Estádio Nacional in Oeiras, near Lisbon. The winners qualify for the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira (or the runners-up, in case the winners are also the league champions) and the UEFA Europa League (unless they already qualify for the UEFA Champions League through league placing).
Before 1938, a similar competition was held since 1922 under the name Campeonato de Portugal (English: Championship of Portugal), which determined the national champions from among the different regional championship winners. The establishment of the Primeira Liga, a nationwide league-based competition, as the official domestic championship in 1938, led to the conversion of the Campeonato de Portugal into the main domestic cup competition, under its current designation. In fact, the trophy awarded to the Portuguese Cup winners is the same that was awarded to the Campeonato de Portugal winners, although titles in each competition are counted separately.
The first winners of the Taça de Portugal were Académica, who defeated Benfica 4–3 in the 1939 final. Benfica are the most successful team in the competition, with 26 trophies in 38 final appearances. Porto are the current holders, after beating Tondela in the 2022 final.
History
The first incarnation of a Portuguese Cup began in 1912, as an invitational tournament organized by SC Império; it was named after the organizing club, as "Taça do Império" (not to be confused with a similarly named, but unrelated, Taça Império - the one-off trophy for the inaugural match at the National Stadium on 10 June 1944). Because of its closed format, with very few clubs taking part, the Portuguese Federation does not recognise it as a true "national cup"; it ended in 1918.
The inaugural season of the "Campeonato de Portugal" (Championship of Portugal) took place in 1921–22, and this competition was played every season until 1937–38. The original format had all the clubs participating in regional leagues, with the regional winners progressing to knock-out rounds, and the ultimate victors named Champions of Portugal. This was the primary tournament in Portugal, until the creation of the round-robin competition in 1934-35 - in fact, the Champions moniker of this early period can be misleading, as the modern concept of "champion" applies to the league champion (i.e., for statistical purposes, the winners of this Campeonato de Portugal are no longer counted among Portuguese League champions). The short period of coexistence between two championships meant considerable confusion, and was pointed as a reason for lack of competitiveness in contemporary international matches - therefore, a revamp was bound to happen.
The success of the older competition meant it was carried over after the reorganization of Football competitions in 1938–39, albeit losing its top status: the (round-robin) league carried the name Campeonato (or, in its longform, "Campeonato Nacional da Primeira Divisão"), and the old Campeonato de Portugal was renamed "Taça de Portugal" (Portuguese Cup) for the 1938–39 season. The Cup soon became the second-most important trophy in Portuguese football.
The Cup is organised by the Portuguese Football Federation (Federação Portuguesa de Futebol) and is played by all teams in the Primeira Liga, Segunda Liga (excluding the B teams), Campeonato Nacional de Seniores (excluding reserve teams), 22 District Championships runners-up and by 18 District Cups winners.
Format
As of the 2008–09 season, the cup is composed of 8 rounds (final included), with 1st level clubs joining at the 3rd round, the 2nd level clubs joining at the 2nd round and the 3rd and lower-level clubs competing from the beginning. All rounds are played in a single game, except for the semifinals.
Final venues
The final match has been played at the Estádio Nacional near Lisbon in Jamor every season since 1946, except in 1961 (in a rare occurrence, Estádio das Antas was chosen as a more convenient venue for both Leixões and FC Porto, despite being the home of the latter; an agreement was reached by both teams due to geographical proximity and capacity); in the three years following the Carnation Revolution; in the 1982–83 season, due to FC Porto's pressure. In the years following the Carnation Revolution, the venue for the final match would be the home ground of the team that had won the Portuguese Cup the previous year; however, when Boavista won the Cup twice in a row, its home ground (Estádio do Bessa) was deemed too small and the matches were instead played in Estádio das Antas (FC Porto's former home ground).
Finals
Campeonato de Portugal (1922–1938)
Performance by club
Taça de Portugal (1938–present)
Performance by club
See also
List of association football competitions in Portugal
List of Taça de Portugal winning managers
Notes
References
Further reading
Lebre, Fernando; Ribeiro, Magda (October 2007). Taça de Portugal: Décadas de paixão [Portuguese Cup: Decades of passion] (First ed.). Sete Caminhos. ISBN 978-989-602-121-4.
External links
List of Taça de Portugal winners (in Portuguese)
Competition page at Portuguese Football Federation (in Portuguese)
Competition page at UEFA
List of winners at RSSSF
|
season starts
|
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The Taça de Portugal (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈtasɐ ðɨ puɾtuˈɣal]; "Cup of Portugal") is an annual association football competition and the premier knockout tournament in Portuguese football. For sponsorship reasons, it has been known as Taça de Portugal Placard since the 2015–16 season. Organised by the Portuguese Football Federation since it was first held in 1938, the competition is open to professional and amateur clubs from the top-four league divisions. Matches are played from August–September to May–June, and the final is traditionally held at the Estádio Nacional in Oeiras, near Lisbon. The winners qualify for the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira (or the runners-up, in case the winners are also the league champions) and the UEFA Europa League (unless they already qualify for the UEFA Champions League through league placing).
Before 1938, a similar competition was held since 1922 under the name Campeonato de Portugal (English: Championship of Portugal), which determined the national champions from among the different regional championship winners. The establishment of the Primeira Liga, a nationwide league-based competition, as the official domestic championship in 1938, led to the conversion of the Campeonato de Portugal into the main domestic cup competition, under its current designation. In fact, the trophy awarded to the Portuguese Cup winners is the same that was awarded to the Campeonato de Portugal winners, although titles in each competition are counted separately.
The first winners of the Taça de Portugal were Académica, who defeated Benfica 4–3 in the 1939 final. Benfica are the most successful team in the competition, with 26 trophies in 38 final appearances. Porto are the current holders, after beating Tondela in the 2022 final.
History
The first incarnation of a Portuguese Cup began in 1912, as an invitational tournament organized by SC Império; it was named after the organizing club, as "Taça do Império" (not to be confused with a similarly named, but unrelated, Taça Império - the one-off trophy for the inaugural match at the National Stadium on 10 June 1944). Because of its closed format, with very few clubs taking part, the Portuguese Federation does not recognise it as a true "national cup"; it ended in 1918.
The inaugural season of the "Campeonato de Portugal" (Championship of Portugal) took place in 1921–22, and this competition was played every season until 1937–38. The original format had all the clubs participating in regional leagues, with the regional winners progressing to knock-out rounds, and the ultimate victors named Champions of Portugal. This was the primary tournament in Portugal, until the creation of the round-robin competition in 1934-35 - in fact, the Champions moniker of this early period can be misleading, as the modern concept of "champion" applies to the league champion (i.e., for statistical purposes, the winners of this Campeonato de Portugal are no longer counted among Portuguese League champions). The short period of coexistence between two championships meant considerable confusion, and was pointed as a reason for lack of competitiveness in contemporary international matches - therefore, a revamp was bound to happen.
The success of the older competition meant it was carried over after the reorganization of Football competitions in 1938–39, albeit losing its top status: the (round-robin) league carried the name Campeonato (or, in its longform, "Campeonato Nacional da Primeira Divisão"), and the old Campeonato de Portugal was renamed "Taça de Portugal" (Portuguese Cup) for the 1938–39 season. The Cup soon became the second-most important trophy in Portuguese football.
The Cup is organised by the Portuguese Football Federation (Federação Portuguesa de Futebol) and is played by all teams in the Primeira Liga, Segunda Liga (excluding the B teams), Campeonato Nacional de Seniores (excluding reserve teams), 22 District Championships runners-up and by 18 District Cups winners.
Format
As of the 2008–09 season, the cup is composed of 8 rounds (final included), with 1st level clubs joining at the 3rd round, the 2nd level clubs joining at the 2nd round and the 3rd and lower-level clubs competing from the beginning. All rounds are played in a single game, except for the semifinals.
Final venues
The final match has been played at the Estádio Nacional near Lisbon in Jamor every season since 1946, except in 1961 (in a rare occurrence, Estádio das Antas was chosen as a more convenient venue for both Leixões and FC Porto, despite being the home of the latter; an agreement was reached by both teams due to geographical proximity and capacity); in the three years following the Carnation Revolution; in the 1982–83 season, due to FC Porto's pressure. In the years following the Carnation Revolution, the venue for the final match would be the home ground of the team that had won the Portuguese Cup the previous year; however, when Boavista won the Cup twice in a row, its home ground (Estádio do Bessa) was deemed too small and the matches were instead played in Estádio das Antas (FC Porto's former home ground).
Finals
Campeonato de Portugal (1922–1938)
Performance by club
Taça de Portugal (1938–present)
Performance by club
See also
List of association football competitions in Portugal
List of Taça de Portugal winning managers
Notes
References
Further reading
Lebre, Fernando; Ribeiro, Magda (October 2007). Taça de Portugal: Décadas de paixão [Portuguese Cup: Decades of passion] (First ed.). Sete Caminhos. ISBN 978-989-602-121-4.
External links
List of Taça de Portugal winners (in Portuguese)
Competition page at Portuguese Football Federation (in Portuguese)
Competition page at UEFA
List of winners at RSSSF
|
Commons category
|
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The Taça de Portugal (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈtasɐ ðɨ puɾtuˈɣal]; "Cup of Portugal") is an annual association football competition and the premier knockout tournament in Portuguese football. For sponsorship reasons, it has been known as Taça de Portugal Placard since the 2015–16 season. Organised by the Portuguese Football Federation since it was first held in 1938, the competition is open to professional and amateur clubs from the top-four league divisions. Matches are played from August–September to May–June, and the final is traditionally held at the Estádio Nacional in Oeiras, near Lisbon. The winners qualify for the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira (or the runners-up, in case the winners are also the league champions) and the UEFA Europa League (unless they already qualify for the UEFA Champions League through league placing).
Before 1938, a similar competition was held since 1922 under the name Campeonato de Portugal (English: Championship of Portugal), which determined the national champions from among the different regional championship winners. The establishment of the Primeira Liga, a nationwide league-based competition, as the official domestic championship in 1938, led to the conversion of the Campeonato de Portugal into the main domestic cup competition, under its current designation. In fact, the trophy awarded to the Portuguese Cup winners is the same that was awarded to the Campeonato de Portugal winners, although titles in each competition are counted separately.
The first winners of the Taça de Portugal were Académica, who defeated Benfica 4–3 in the 1939 final. Benfica are the most successful team in the competition, with 26 trophies in 38 final appearances. Porto are the current holders, after beating Tondela in the 2022 final.
History
The first incarnation of a Portuguese Cup began in 1912, as an invitational tournament organized by SC Império; it was named after the organizing club, as "Taça do Império" (not to be confused with a similarly named, but unrelated, Taça Império - the one-off trophy for the inaugural match at the National Stadium on 10 June 1944). Because of its closed format, with very few clubs taking part, the Portuguese Federation does not recognise it as a true "national cup"; it ended in 1918.
The inaugural season of the "Campeonato de Portugal" (Championship of Portugal) took place in 1921–22, and this competition was played every season until 1937–38. The original format had all the clubs participating in regional leagues, with the regional winners progressing to knock-out rounds, and the ultimate victors named Champions of Portugal. This was the primary tournament in Portugal, until the creation of the round-robin competition in 1934-35 - in fact, the Champions moniker of this early period can be misleading, as the modern concept of "champion" applies to the league champion (i.e., for statistical purposes, the winners of this Campeonato de Portugal are no longer counted among Portuguese League champions). The short period of coexistence between two championships meant considerable confusion, and was pointed as a reason for lack of competitiveness in contemporary international matches - therefore, a revamp was bound to happen.
The success of the older competition meant it was carried over after the reorganization of Football competitions in 1938–39, albeit losing its top status: the (round-robin) league carried the name Campeonato (or, in its longform, "Campeonato Nacional da Primeira Divisão"), and the old Campeonato de Portugal was renamed "Taça de Portugal" (Portuguese Cup) for the 1938–39 season. The Cup soon became the second-most important trophy in Portuguese football.
The Cup is organised by the Portuguese Football Federation (Federação Portuguesa de Futebol) and is played by all teams in the Primeira Liga, Segunda Liga (excluding the B teams), Campeonato Nacional de Seniores (excluding reserve teams), 22 District Championships runners-up and by 18 District Cups winners.
Format
As of the 2008–09 season, the cup is composed of 8 rounds (final included), with 1st level clubs joining at the 3rd round, the 2nd level clubs joining at the 2nd round and the 3rd and lower-level clubs competing from the beginning. All rounds are played in a single game, except for the semifinals.
Final venues
The final match has been played at the Estádio Nacional near Lisbon in Jamor every season since 1946, except in 1961 (in a rare occurrence, Estádio das Antas was chosen as a more convenient venue for both Leixões and FC Porto, despite being the home of the latter; an agreement was reached by both teams due to geographical proximity and capacity); in the three years following the Carnation Revolution; in the 1982–83 season, due to FC Porto's pressure. In the years following the Carnation Revolution, the venue for the final match would be the home ground of the team that had won the Portuguese Cup the previous year; however, when Boavista won the Cup twice in a row, its home ground (Estádio do Bessa) was deemed too small and the matches were instead played in Estádio das Antas (FC Porto's former home ground).
Finals
Campeonato de Portugal (1922–1938)
Performance by club
Taça de Portugal (1938–present)
Performance by club
See also
List of association football competitions in Portugal
List of Taça de Portugal winning managers
Notes
References
Further reading
Lebre, Fernando; Ribeiro, Magda (October 2007). Taça de Portugal: Décadas de paixão [Portuguese Cup: Decades of passion] (First ed.). Sete Caminhos. ISBN 978-989-602-121-4.
External links
List of Taça de Portugal winners (in Portuguese)
Competition page at Portuguese Football Federation (in Portuguese)
Competition page at UEFA
List of winners at RSSSF
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sport
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The Taça de Portugal (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈtasɐ ðɨ puɾtuˈɣal]; "Cup of Portugal") is an annual association football competition and the premier knockout tournament in Portuguese football. For sponsorship reasons, it has been known as Taça de Portugal Placard since the 2015–16 season. Organised by the Portuguese Football Federation since it was first held in 1938, the competition is open to professional and amateur clubs from the top-four league divisions. Matches are played from August–September to May–June, and the final is traditionally held at the Estádio Nacional in Oeiras, near Lisbon. The winners qualify for the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira (or the runners-up, in case the winners are also the league champions) and the UEFA Europa League (unless they already qualify for the UEFA Champions League through league placing).
Before 1938, a similar competition was held since 1922 under the name Campeonato de Portugal (English: Championship of Portugal), which determined the national champions from among the different regional championship winners. The establishment of the Primeira Liga, a nationwide league-based competition, as the official domestic championship in 1938, led to the conversion of the Campeonato de Portugal into the main domestic cup competition, under its current designation. In fact, the trophy awarded to the Portuguese Cup winners is the same that was awarded to the Campeonato de Portugal winners, although titles in each competition are counted separately.
The first winners of the Taça de Portugal were Académica, who defeated Benfica 4–3 in the 1939 final. Benfica are the most successful team in the competition, with 26 trophies in 38 final appearances. Porto are the current holders, after beating Tondela in the 2022 final.
History
The first incarnation of a Portuguese Cup began in 1912, as an invitational tournament organized by SC Império; it was named after the organizing club, as "Taça do Império" (not to be confused with a similarly named, but unrelated, Taça Império - the one-off trophy for the inaugural match at the National Stadium on 10 June 1944). Because of its closed format, with very few clubs taking part, the Portuguese Federation does not recognise it as a true "national cup"; it ended in 1918.
The inaugural season of the "Campeonato de Portugal" (Championship of Portugal) took place in 1921–22, and this competition was played every season until 1937–38. The original format had all the clubs participating in regional leagues, with the regional winners progressing to knock-out rounds, and the ultimate victors named Champions of Portugal. This was the primary tournament in Portugal, until the creation of the round-robin competition in 1934-35 - in fact, the Champions moniker of this early period can be misleading, as the modern concept of "champion" applies to the league champion (i.e., for statistical purposes, the winners of this Campeonato de Portugal are no longer counted among Portuguese League champions). The short period of coexistence between two championships meant considerable confusion, and was pointed as a reason for lack of competitiveness in contemporary international matches - therefore, a revamp was bound to happen.
The success of the older competition meant it was carried over after the reorganization of Football competitions in 1938–39, albeit losing its top status: the (round-robin) league carried the name Campeonato (or, in its longform, "Campeonato Nacional da Primeira Divisão"), and the old Campeonato de Portugal was renamed "Taça de Portugal" (Portuguese Cup) for the 1938–39 season. The Cup soon became the second-most important trophy in Portuguese football.
The Cup is organised by the Portuguese Football Federation (Federação Portuguesa de Futebol) and is played by all teams in the Primeira Liga, Segunda Liga (excluding the B teams), Campeonato Nacional de Seniores (excluding reserve teams), 22 District Championships runners-up and by 18 District Cups winners.
Format
As of the 2008–09 season, the cup is composed of 8 rounds (final included), with 1st level clubs joining at the 3rd round, the 2nd level clubs joining at the 2nd round and the 3rd and lower-level clubs competing from the beginning. All rounds are played in a single game, except for the semifinals.
Final venues
The final match has been played at the Estádio Nacional near Lisbon in Jamor every season since 1946, except in 1961 (in a rare occurrence, Estádio das Antas was chosen as a more convenient venue for both Leixões and FC Porto, despite being the home of the latter; an agreement was reached by both teams due to geographical proximity and capacity); in the three years following the Carnation Revolution; in the 1982–83 season, due to FC Porto's pressure. In the years following the Carnation Revolution, the venue for the final match would be the home ground of the team that had won the Portuguese Cup the previous year; however, when Boavista won the Cup twice in a row, its home ground (Estádio do Bessa) was deemed too small and the matches were instead played in Estádio das Antas (FC Porto's former home ground).
Finals
Campeonato de Portugal (1922–1938)
Performance by club
Taça de Portugal (1938–present)
Performance by club
See also
List of association football competitions in Portugal
List of Taça de Portugal winning managers
Notes
References
Further reading
Lebre, Fernando; Ribeiro, Magda (October 2007). Taça de Portugal: Décadas de paixão [Portuguese Cup: Decades of passion] (First ed.). Sete Caminhos. ISBN 978-989-602-121-4.
External links
List of Taça de Portugal winners (in Portuguese)
Competition page at Portuguese Football Federation (in Portuguese)
Competition page at UEFA
List of winners at RSSSF
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The Taça de Portugal (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈtasɐ ðɨ puɾtuˈɣal]; "Cup of Portugal") is an annual association football competition and the premier knockout tournament in Portuguese football. For sponsorship reasons, it has been known as Taça de Portugal Placard since the 2015–16 season. Organised by the Portuguese Football Federation since it was first held in 1938, the competition is open to professional and amateur clubs from the top-four league divisions. Matches are played from August–September to May–June, and the final is traditionally held at the Estádio Nacional in Oeiras, near Lisbon. The winners qualify for the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira (or the runners-up, in case the winners are also the league champions) and the UEFA Europa League (unless they already qualify for the UEFA Champions League through league placing).
Before 1938, a similar competition was held since 1922 under the name Campeonato de Portugal (English: Championship of Portugal), which determined the national champions from among the different regional championship winners. The establishment of the Primeira Liga, a nationwide league-based competition, as the official domestic championship in 1938, led to the conversion of the Campeonato de Portugal into the main domestic cup competition, under its current designation. In fact, the trophy awarded to the Portuguese Cup winners is the same that was awarded to the Campeonato de Portugal winners, although titles in each competition are counted separately.
The first winners of the Taça de Portugal were Académica, who defeated Benfica 4–3 in the 1939 final. Benfica are the most successful team in the competition, with 26 trophies in 38 final appearances. Porto are the current holders, after beating Tondela in the 2022 final.
History
The first incarnation of a Portuguese Cup began in 1912, as an invitational tournament organized by SC Império; it was named after the organizing club, as "Taça do Império" (not to be confused with a similarly named, but unrelated, Taça Império - the one-off trophy for the inaugural match at the National Stadium on 10 June 1944). Because of its closed format, with very few clubs taking part, the Portuguese Federation does not recognise it as a true "national cup"; it ended in 1918.
The inaugural season of the "Campeonato de Portugal" (Championship of Portugal) took place in 1921–22, and this competition was played every season until 1937–38. The original format had all the clubs participating in regional leagues, with the regional winners progressing to knock-out rounds, and the ultimate victors named Champions of Portugal. This was the primary tournament in Portugal, until the creation of the round-robin competition in 1934-35 - in fact, the Champions moniker of this early period can be misleading, as the modern concept of "champion" applies to the league champion (i.e., for statistical purposes, the winners of this Campeonato de Portugal are no longer counted among Portuguese League champions). The short period of coexistence between two championships meant considerable confusion, and was pointed as a reason for lack of competitiveness in contemporary international matches - therefore, a revamp was bound to happen.
The success of the older competition meant it was carried over after the reorganization of Football competitions in 1938–39, albeit losing its top status: the (round-robin) league carried the name Campeonato (or, in its longform, "Campeonato Nacional da Primeira Divisão"), and the old Campeonato de Portugal was renamed "Taça de Portugal" (Portuguese Cup) for the 1938–39 season. The Cup soon became the second-most important trophy in Portuguese football.
The Cup is organised by the Portuguese Football Federation (Federação Portuguesa de Futebol) and is played by all teams in the Primeira Liga, Segunda Liga (excluding the B teams), Campeonato Nacional de Seniores (excluding reserve teams), 22 District Championships runners-up and by 18 District Cups winners.
Format
As of the 2008–09 season, the cup is composed of 8 rounds (final included), with 1st level clubs joining at the 3rd round, the 2nd level clubs joining at the 2nd round and the 3rd and lower-level clubs competing from the beginning. All rounds are played in a single game, except for the semifinals.
Final venues
The final match has been played at the Estádio Nacional near Lisbon in Jamor every season since 1946, except in 1961 (in a rare occurrence, Estádio das Antas was chosen as a more convenient venue for both Leixões and FC Porto, despite being the home of the latter; an agreement was reached by both teams due to geographical proximity and capacity); in the three years following the Carnation Revolution; in the 1982–83 season, due to FC Porto's pressure. In the years following the Carnation Revolution, the venue for the final match would be the home ground of the team that had won the Portuguese Cup the previous year; however, when Boavista won the Cup twice in a row, its home ground (Estádio do Bessa) was deemed too small and the matches were instead played in Estádio das Antas (FC Porto's former home ground).
Finals
Campeonato de Portugal (1922–1938)
Performance by club
Taça de Portugal (1938–present)
Performance by club
See also
List of association football competitions in Portugal
List of Taça de Portugal winning managers
Notes
References
Further reading
Lebre, Fernando; Ribeiro, Magda (October 2007). Taça de Portugal: Décadas de paixão [Portuguese Cup: Decades of passion] (First ed.). Sete Caminhos. ISBN 978-989-602-121-4.
External links
List of Taça de Portugal winners (in Portuguese)
Competition page at Portuguese Football Federation (in Portuguese)
Competition page at UEFA
List of winners at RSSSF
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The Taça de Portugal (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈtasɐ ðɨ puɾtuˈɣal]; "Cup of Portugal") is an annual association football competition and the premier knockout tournament in Portuguese football. For sponsorship reasons, it has been known as Taça de Portugal Placard since the 2015–16 season. Organised by the Portuguese Football Federation since it was first held in 1938, the competition is open to professional and amateur clubs from the top-four league divisions. Matches are played from August–September to May–June, and the final is traditionally held at the Estádio Nacional in Oeiras, near Lisbon. The winners qualify for the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira (or the runners-up, in case the winners are also the league champions) and the UEFA Europa League (unless they already qualify for the UEFA Champions League through league placing).
Before 1938, a similar competition was held since 1922 under the name Campeonato de Portugal (English: Championship of Portugal), which determined the national champions from among the different regional championship winners. The establishment of the Primeira Liga, a nationwide league-based competition, as the official domestic championship in 1938, led to the conversion of the Campeonato de Portugal into the main domestic cup competition, under its current designation. In fact, the trophy awarded to the Portuguese Cup winners is the same that was awarded to the Campeonato de Portugal winners, although titles in each competition are counted separately.
The first winners of the Taça de Portugal were Académica, who defeated Benfica 4–3 in the 1939 final. Benfica are the most successful team in the competition, with 26 trophies in 38 final appearances. Porto are the current holders, after beating Tondela in the 2022 final.
History
The first incarnation of a Portuguese Cup began in 1912, as an invitational tournament organized by SC Império; it was named after the organizing club, as "Taça do Império" (not to be confused with a similarly named, but unrelated, Taça Império - the one-off trophy for the inaugural match at the National Stadium on 10 June 1944). Because of its closed format, with very few clubs taking part, the Portuguese Federation does not recognise it as a true "national cup"; it ended in 1918.
The inaugural season of the "Campeonato de Portugal" (Championship of Portugal) took place in 1921–22, and this competition was played every season until 1937–38. The original format had all the clubs participating in regional leagues, with the regional winners progressing to knock-out rounds, and the ultimate victors named Champions of Portugal. This was the primary tournament in Portugal, until the creation of the round-robin competition in 1934-35 - in fact, the Champions moniker of this early period can be misleading, as the modern concept of "champion" applies to the league champion (i.e., for statistical purposes, the winners of this Campeonato de Portugal are no longer counted among Portuguese League champions). The short period of coexistence between two championships meant considerable confusion, and was pointed as a reason for lack of competitiveness in contemporary international matches - therefore, a revamp was bound to happen.
The success of the older competition meant it was carried over after the reorganization of Football competitions in 1938–39, albeit losing its top status: the (round-robin) league carried the name Campeonato (or, in its longform, "Campeonato Nacional da Primeira Divisão"), and the old Campeonato de Portugal was renamed "Taça de Portugal" (Portuguese Cup) for the 1938–39 season. The Cup soon became the second-most important trophy in Portuguese football.
The Cup is organised by the Portuguese Football Federation (Federação Portuguesa de Futebol) and is played by all teams in the Primeira Liga, Segunda Liga (excluding the B teams), Campeonato Nacional de Seniores (excluding reserve teams), 22 District Championships runners-up and by 18 District Cups winners.
Format
As of the 2008–09 season, the cup is composed of 8 rounds (final included), with 1st level clubs joining at the 3rd round, the 2nd level clubs joining at the 2nd round and the 3rd and lower-level clubs competing from the beginning. All rounds are played in a single game, except for the semifinals.
Final venues
The final match has been played at the Estádio Nacional near Lisbon in Jamor every season since 1946, except in 1961 (in a rare occurrence, Estádio das Antas was chosen as a more convenient venue for both Leixões and FC Porto, despite being the home of the latter; an agreement was reached by both teams due to geographical proximity and capacity); in the three years following the Carnation Revolution; in the 1982–83 season, due to FC Porto's pressure. In the years following the Carnation Revolution, the venue for the final match would be the home ground of the team that had won the Portuguese Cup the previous year; however, when Boavista won the Cup twice in a row, its home ground (Estádio do Bessa) was deemed too small and the matches were instead played in Estádio das Antas (FC Porto's former home ground).
Finals
Campeonato de Portugal (1922–1938)
Performance by club
Taça de Portugal (1938–present)
Performance by club
See also
List of association football competitions in Portugal
List of Taça de Portugal winning managers
Notes
References
Further reading
Lebre, Fernando; Ribeiro, Magda (October 2007). Taça de Portugal: Décadas de paixão [Portuguese Cup: Decades of passion] (First ed.). Sete Caminhos. ISBN 978-989-602-121-4.
External links
List of Taça de Portugal winners (in Portuguese)
Competition page at Portuguese Football Federation (in Portuguese)
Competition page at UEFA
List of winners at RSSSF
|
PlaymakerStats.com competition ID
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The Hymn of the Pearl (also Hymn of the Soul, Hymn of the Robe of Glory or Hymn of Judas Thomas the Apostle) is a passage of the apocryphal Acts of Thomas. In that work, originally written in Syriac, the Apostle Thomas sings the hymn while praying for himself and fellow prisoners. Some scholars believe the hymn predates the Acts, as it only appears in one Syriac manuscript and one Greek manuscript of the Acts of Thomas. The author of the Hymn is unknown, though there is a belief that it was composed by the Syriac gnostic Bardaisan from Edessa due to some parallels between his life and that of the hymn. It is believed to have been written in the 2nd century or even possibly the 1st century, and shows influences from heroic folk epics from the region.
Synopsis
The hymn tells the story of a boy, "the son of the king of kings", who is sent to Egypt to retrieve a pearl from a serpent. During the quest, he is seduced by Egyptians and forgets his origin and his family. However, a letter is sent from the king of kings to remind him of his past. When the boy receives the letter, he remembers his mission, retrieves the pearl and returns. That the boy is implicitly Thomas rather than Jesus is indicated by the eventual assertion that he is next in line to his elder brother, this unnamed brother not otherwise mentioned in the text.
Interpretation
The hymn is commonly interpreted as a Gnostic view of the human condition, that we are spirits lost in a world of matter and forgetful of our true origin. This state of affairs may be ameliorated by a revelatory message delivered by a messenger, a role generally ascribed to Jesus. The letter thus takes on a symbolic representation of gnosis.
The hymn has been preserved and especially treasured in Manichaeism – a version of it appears as part of a Coptic Manichaean psalm book and is called the Psalms of Thomas. The Hymn of the Pearl has also been admired by Orthodox Christian thinkers and members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (Mormons).
Extracts from the text
The following text is from Wikisource, which contains the full text of the hymn.
References
Further reading
Barnstone, Willis; Meyer, Marvin (2005). The Gnostic Bible: Gnostic Texts of Mystical Wisdom from the Ancient and Medieval Worlds Shambhala Publications, Boston MA. ISBN 1590301994. pp. 386–394.
Myers, Susan E. (2010). Spirit Epicleses in the Acts of Thomas. Mohr Siebeck, ISBN 3161494725. pp. 71–74.
External links
Hymn of the Pearl
Audio with commentary
Audio of the Hymn of the Pearl translated and read by Willis Barnstone
Chiastic outline of Hymn of the Robe of Glory
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The Hymn of the Pearl (also Hymn of the Soul, Hymn of the Robe of Glory or Hymn of Judas Thomas the Apostle) is a passage of the apocryphal Acts of Thomas. In that work, originally written in Syriac, the Apostle Thomas sings the hymn while praying for himself and fellow prisoners. Some scholars believe the hymn predates the Acts, as it only appears in one Syriac manuscript and one Greek manuscript of the Acts of Thomas. The author of the Hymn is unknown, though there is a belief that it was composed by the Syriac gnostic Bardaisan from Edessa due to some parallels between his life and that of the hymn. It is believed to have been written in the 2nd century or even possibly the 1st century, and shows influences from heroic folk epics from the region.
Synopsis
The hymn tells the story of a boy, "the son of the king of kings", who is sent to Egypt to retrieve a pearl from a serpent. During the quest, he is seduced by Egyptians and forgets his origin and his family. However, a letter is sent from the king of kings to remind him of his past. When the boy receives the letter, he remembers his mission, retrieves the pearl and returns. That the boy is implicitly Thomas rather than Jesus is indicated by the eventual assertion that he is next in line to his elder brother, this unnamed brother not otherwise mentioned in the text.
Interpretation
The hymn is commonly interpreted as a Gnostic view of the human condition, that we are spirits lost in a world of matter and forgetful of our true origin. This state of affairs may be ameliorated by a revelatory message delivered by a messenger, a role generally ascribed to Jesus. The letter thus takes on a symbolic representation of gnosis.
The hymn has been preserved and especially treasured in Manichaeism – a version of it appears as part of a Coptic Manichaean psalm book and is called the Psalms of Thomas. The Hymn of the Pearl has also been admired by Orthodox Christian thinkers and members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (Mormons).
Extracts from the text
The following text is from Wikisource, which contains the full text of the hymn.
References
Further reading
Barnstone, Willis; Meyer, Marvin (2005). The Gnostic Bible: Gnostic Texts of Mystical Wisdom from the Ancient and Medieval Worlds Shambhala Publications, Boston MA. ISBN 1590301994. pp. 386–394.
Myers, Susan E. (2010). Spirit Epicleses in the Acts of Thomas. Mohr Siebeck, ISBN 3161494725. pp. 71–74.
External links
Hymn of the Pearl
Audio with commentary
Audio of the Hymn of the Pearl translated and read by Willis Barnstone
Chiastic outline of Hymn of the Robe of Glory
|
said to be the same as
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The Hymn of the Pearl (also Hymn of the Soul, Hymn of the Robe of Glory or Hymn of Judas Thomas the Apostle) is a passage of the apocryphal Acts of Thomas. In that work, originally written in Syriac, the Apostle Thomas sings the hymn while praying for himself and fellow prisoners. Some scholars believe the hymn predates the Acts, as it only appears in one Syriac manuscript and one Greek manuscript of the Acts of Thomas. The author of the Hymn is unknown, though there is a belief that it was composed by the Syriac gnostic Bardaisan from Edessa due to some parallels between his life and that of the hymn. It is believed to have been written in the 2nd century or even possibly the 1st century, and shows influences from heroic folk epics from the region.
Synopsis
The hymn tells the story of a boy, "the son of the king of kings", who is sent to Egypt to retrieve a pearl from a serpent. During the quest, he is seduced by Egyptians and forgets his origin and his family. However, a letter is sent from the king of kings to remind him of his past. When the boy receives the letter, he remembers his mission, retrieves the pearl and returns. That the boy is implicitly Thomas rather than Jesus is indicated by the eventual assertion that he is next in line to his elder brother, this unnamed brother not otherwise mentioned in the text.
Interpretation
The hymn is commonly interpreted as a Gnostic view of the human condition, that we are spirits lost in a world of matter and forgetful of our true origin. This state of affairs may be ameliorated by a revelatory message delivered by a messenger, a role generally ascribed to Jesus. The letter thus takes on a symbolic representation of gnosis.
The hymn has been preserved and especially treasured in Manichaeism – a version of it appears as part of a Coptic Manichaean psalm book and is called the Psalms of Thomas. The Hymn of the Pearl has also been admired by Orthodox Christian thinkers and members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (Mormons).
Extracts from the text
The following text is from Wikisource, which contains the full text of the hymn.
References
Further reading
Barnstone, Willis; Meyer, Marvin (2005). The Gnostic Bible: Gnostic Texts of Mystical Wisdom from the Ancient and Medieval Worlds Shambhala Publications, Boston MA. ISBN 1590301994. pp. 386–394.
Myers, Susan E. (2010). Spirit Epicleses in the Acts of Thomas. Mohr Siebeck, ISBN 3161494725. pp. 71–74.
External links
Hymn of the Pearl
Audio with commentary
Audio of the Hymn of the Pearl translated and read by Willis Barnstone
Chiastic outline of Hymn of the Robe of Glory
|
instance of
|
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229
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The Hymn of the Pearl (also Hymn of the Soul, Hymn of the Robe of Glory or Hymn of Judas Thomas the Apostle) is a passage of the apocryphal Acts of Thomas. In that work, originally written in Syriac, the Apostle Thomas sings the hymn while praying for himself and fellow prisoners. Some scholars believe the hymn predates the Acts, as it only appears in one Syriac manuscript and one Greek manuscript of the Acts of Thomas. The author of the Hymn is unknown, though there is a belief that it was composed by the Syriac gnostic Bardaisan from Edessa due to some parallels between his life and that of the hymn. It is believed to have been written in the 2nd century or even possibly the 1st century, and shows influences from heroic folk epics from the region.
Synopsis
The hymn tells the story of a boy, "the son of the king of kings", who is sent to Egypt to retrieve a pearl from a serpent. During the quest, he is seduced by Egyptians and forgets his origin and his family. However, a letter is sent from the king of kings to remind him of his past. When the boy receives the letter, he remembers his mission, retrieves the pearl and returns. That the boy is implicitly Thomas rather than Jesus is indicated by the eventual assertion that he is next in line to his elder brother, this unnamed brother not otherwise mentioned in the text.
Interpretation
The hymn is commonly interpreted as a Gnostic view of the human condition, that we are spirits lost in a world of matter and forgetful of our true origin. This state of affairs may be ameliorated by a revelatory message delivered by a messenger, a role generally ascribed to Jesus. The letter thus takes on a symbolic representation of gnosis.
The hymn has been preserved and especially treasured in Manichaeism – a version of it appears as part of a Coptic Manichaean psalm book and is called the Psalms of Thomas. The Hymn of the Pearl has also been admired by Orthodox Christian thinkers and members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (Mormons).
Extracts from the text
The following text is from Wikisource, which contains the full text of the hymn.
References
Further reading
Barnstone, Willis; Meyer, Marvin (2005). The Gnostic Bible: Gnostic Texts of Mystical Wisdom from the Ancient and Medieval Worlds Shambhala Publications, Boston MA. ISBN 1590301994. pp. 386–394.
Myers, Susan E. (2010). Spirit Epicleses in the Acts of Thomas. Mohr Siebeck, ISBN 3161494725. pp. 71–74.
External links
Hymn of the Pearl
Audio with commentary
Audio of the Hymn of the Pearl translated and read by Willis Barnstone
Chiastic outline of Hymn of the Robe of Glory
|
form of creative work
|
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Gilbert Norman Plass (March 22, 1920 – March 1, 2004) was a Canadian physicist who in the 1950s made predictions about the increase in global atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the 20th century and its effect on the average temperature of the planet that closely match measurements reported half a century later.
Biography
Plass worked most of his life as a physicist in the United States. He graduated from Harvard University in 1941 and earned a PhD in physics from Princeton University in 1947. He worked as an associate physicist at the Metallurgical Laboratory (Manhattan District) of the University of Chicago from 1942 to 1945. He became an instructor of physics at Johns Hopkins University in 1946, and eventually became an associate professor there. In 1955, leaving academia, he held a job for a year as a staff scientist with Lockheed Aircraft Corporation. He then joined the advanced research staff at the Aeronutronic division of the Ford Motor Company. In 1960, he became manager of the research lab at Ford's theoretical physics department and a consulting editor of the journal Infrared Physics (now called Infrared Physics and Technology). In 1963, he accepted a position as the first professor of atmospheric and space science at the Southwest Center for Advanced Studies (now The University of Texas at Dallas), where he remained for five years. In 1968, he arrived at Texas A&M University, where he served as professor of physics and head of the department.
Carbon dioxide research
In 1953 Plass told Time magazine of his work on the effects of CO2 from industrial sources as a greenhouse gas, and the potential implications of an increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere for global warming. He said, "At its present rate of increase, the CO2 in the atmosphere will raise the earth's average temperature 1.5° Fahrenheit every 100 years. ... for centuries to come, if man's industrial growth continues, the earth's climate will continue to grow warmer." The award-winning short film Invisible Blanket (2018) was based on Plass' article in Time.From 1956 onwards, Plass published a series of papers on the topic, partly based on advanced calculations of the absorption of infrared radiation, and he made use of early electronic computers. He predicted that a doubling of CO2 would warm the planet by 3.6 °C, that CO2 levels in 2000 would be 30% higher than in 1900 and that the planet would be about 1 °C warmer in 2000 than in 1900. In 2007 the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report estimated a climate sensitivity of 2 to 4.5 °C for CO2 doubling, a CO2 rise of 37% since pre-industrial times and a 1900-2000 warm-up of around 0.7 °C.Nathaniel Rich recognizes Plass in his 2019 bestseller Losing Earth.
Other work
Plass was an avid philatelist, and founded the United States Possessions Philatelic Society in 1978. He then served as the editor of their journal, Possessions, for 14 years.He also hosted a classical-music oriented radio program called Collector's Choice on KAMU-FM for many years.
Bibliography
Plass, Gilbert N. (1956). "Infrared Radiation in the Atmosphere". American Journal of Physics. American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT). 24 (5): 303–321. Bibcode:1956AmJPh..24..303P. doi:10.1119/1.1934220. ISSN 0002-9505.
Plass, G.N., 1956, Carbon Dioxide and the Climate, American Scientist 44, p. 302–16. JSTOR 27826805
Plass, Gilbert N. (1956). "Effect of Carbon Dioxide Variations on Climate". American Journal of Physics. American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT). 24 (5): 376–387. Bibcode:1956AmJPh..24..376P. doi:10.1119/1.1934233. ISSN 0002-9505.
Plass, G.N., 1956, The Carbon Dioxide Theory of Climatic Change, Tellus VIII, 2. (1956), p. 140–154.
Plass, G.N., 1959, Carbon Dioxide and Climate, Scientific American, July, p. 41–47. JSTOR 24940327
See also
Greenhouse effect
References
External links
IEEE
American Scientist profile
Scientific American article
|
educated at
|
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Gilbert Norman Plass (March 22, 1920 – March 1, 2004) was a Canadian physicist who in the 1950s made predictions about the increase in global atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the 20th century and its effect on the average temperature of the planet that closely match measurements reported half a century later.
Biography
Plass worked most of his life as a physicist in the United States. He graduated from Harvard University in 1941 and earned a PhD in physics from Princeton University in 1947. He worked as an associate physicist at the Metallurgical Laboratory (Manhattan District) of the University of Chicago from 1942 to 1945. He became an instructor of physics at Johns Hopkins University in 1946, and eventually became an associate professor there. In 1955, leaving academia, he held a job for a year as a staff scientist with Lockheed Aircraft Corporation. He then joined the advanced research staff at the Aeronutronic division of the Ford Motor Company. In 1960, he became manager of the research lab at Ford's theoretical physics department and a consulting editor of the journal Infrared Physics (now called Infrared Physics and Technology). In 1963, he accepted a position as the first professor of atmospheric and space science at the Southwest Center for Advanced Studies (now The University of Texas at Dallas), where he remained for five years. In 1968, he arrived at Texas A&M University, where he served as professor of physics and head of the department.
Carbon dioxide research
In 1953 Plass told Time magazine of his work on the effects of CO2 from industrial sources as a greenhouse gas, and the potential implications of an increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere for global warming. He said, "At its present rate of increase, the CO2 in the atmosphere will raise the earth's average temperature 1.5° Fahrenheit every 100 years. ... for centuries to come, if man's industrial growth continues, the earth's climate will continue to grow warmer." The award-winning short film Invisible Blanket (2018) was based on Plass' article in Time.From 1956 onwards, Plass published a series of papers on the topic, partly based on advanced calculations of the absorption of infrared radiation, and he made use of early electronic computers. He predicted that a doubling of CO2 would warm the planet by 3.6 °C, that CO2 levels in 2000 would be 30% higher than in 1900 and that the planet would be about 1 °C warmer in 2000 than in 1900. In 2007 the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report estimated a climate sensitivity of 2 to 4.5 °C for CO2 doubling, a CO2 rise of 37% since pre-industrial times and a 1900-2000 warm-up of around 0.7 °C.Nathaniel Rich recognizes Plass in his 2019 bestseller Losing Earth.
Other work
Plass was an avid philatelist, and founded the United States Possessions Philatelic Society in 1978. He then served as the editor of their journal, Possessions, for 14 years.He also hosted a classical-music oriented radio program called Collector's Choice on KAMU-FM for many years.
Bibliography
Plass, Gilbert N. (1956). "Infrared Radiation in the Atmosphere". American Journal of Physics. American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT). 24 (5): 303–321. Bibcode:1956AmJPh..24..303P. doi:10.1119/1.1934220. ISSN 0002-9505.
Plass, G.N., 1956, Carbon Dioxide and the Climate, American Scientist 44, p. 302–16. JSTOR 27826805
Plass, Gilbert N. (1956). "Effect of Carbon Dioxide Variations on Climate". American Journal of Physics. American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT). 24 (5): 376–387. Bibcode:1956AmJPh..24..376P. doi:10.1119/1.1934233. ISSN 0002-9505.
Plass, G.N., 1956, The Carbon Dioxide Theory of Climatic Change, Tellus VIII, 2. (1956), p. 140–154.
Plass, G.N., 1959, Carbon Dioxide and Climate, Scientific American, July, p. 41–47. JSTOR 24940327
See also
Greenhouse effect
References
External links
IEEE
American Scientist profile
Scientific American article
|
field of work
|
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Gilbert Norman Plass (March 22, 1920 – March 1, 2004) was a Canadian physicist who in the 1950s made predictions about the increase in global atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the 20th century and its effect on the average temperature of the planet that closely match measurements reported half a century later.
Biography
Plass worked most of his life as a physicist in the United States. He graduated from Harvard University in 1941 and earned a PhD in physics from Princeton University in 1947. He worked as an associate physicist at the Metallurgical Laboratory (Manhattan District) of the University of Chicago from 1942 to 1945. He became an instructor of physics at Johns Hopkins University in 1946, and eventually became an associate professor there. In 1955, leaving academia, he held a job for a year as a staff scientist with Lockheed Aircraft Corporation. He then joined the advanced research staff at the Aeronutronic division of the Ford Motor Company. In 1960, he became manager of the research lab at Ford's theoretical physics department and a consulting editor of the journal Infrared Physics (now called Infrared Physics and Technology). In 1963, he accepted a position as the first professor of atmospheric and space science at the Southwest Center for Advanced Studies (now The University of Texas at Dallas), where he remained for five years. In 1968, he arrived at Texas A&M University, where he served as professor of physics and head of the department.
Carbon dioxide research
In 1953 Plass told Time magazine of his work on the effects of CO2 from industrial sources as a greenhouse gas, and the potential implications of an increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere for global warming. He said, "At its present rate of increase, the CO2 in the atmosphere will raise the earth's average temperature 1.5° Fahrenheit every 100 years. ... for centuries to come, if man's industrial growth continues, the earth's climate will continue to grow warmer." The award-winning short film Invisible Blanket (2018) was based on Plass' article in Time.From 1956 onwards, Plass published a series of papers on the topic, partly based on advanced calculations of the absorption of infrared radiation, and he made use of early electronic computers. He predicted that a doubling of CO2 would warm the planet by 3.6 °C, that CO2 levels in 2000 would be 30% higher than in 1900 and that the planet would be about 1 °C warmer in 2000 than in 1900. In 2007 the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report estimated a climate sensitivity of 2 to 4.5 °C for CO2 doubling, a CO2 rise of 37% since pre-industrial times and a 1900-2000 warm-up of around 0.7 °C.Nathaniel Rich recognizes Plass in his 2019 bestseller Losing Earth.
Other work
Plass was an avid philatelist, and founded the United States Possessions Philatelic Society in 1978. He then served as the editor of their journal, Possessions, for 14 years.He also hosted a classical-music oriented radio program called Collector's Choice on KAMU-FM for many years.
Bibliography
Plass, Gilbert N. (1956). "Infrared Radiation in the Atmosphere". American Journal of Physics. American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT). 24 (5): 303–321. Bibcode:1956AmJPh..24..303P. doi:10.1119/1.1934220. ISSN 0002-9505.
Plass, G.N., 1956, Carbon Dioxide and the Climate, American Scientist 44, p. 302–16. JSTOR 27826805
Plass, Gilbert N. (1956). "Effect of Carbon Dioxide Variations on Climate". American Journal of Physics. American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT). 24 (5): 376–387. Bibcode:1956AmJPh..24..376P. doi:10.1119/1.1934233. ISSN 0002-9505.
Plass, G.N., 1956, The Carbon Dioxide Theory of Climatic Change, Tellus VIII, 2. (1956), p. 140–154.
Plass, G.N., 1959, Carbon Dioxide and Climate, Scientific American, July, p. 41–47. JSTOR 24940327
See also
Greenhouse effect
References
External links
IEEE
American Scientist profile
Scientific American article
|
occupation
|
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Gilbert Norman Plass (March 22, 1920 – March 1, 2004) was a Canadian physicist who in the 1950s made predictions about the increase in global atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the 20th century and its effect on the average temperature of the planet that closely match measurements reported half a century later.
Biography
Plass worked most of his life as a physicist in the United States. He graduated from Harvard University in 1941 and earned a PhD in physics from Princeton University in 1947. He worked as an associate physicist at the Metallurgical Laboratory (Manhattan District) of the University of Chicago from 1942 to 1945. He became an instructor of physics at Johns Hopkins University in 1946, and eventually became an associate professor there. In 1955, leaving academia, he held a job for a year as a staff scientist with Lockheed Aircraft Corporation. He then joined the advanced research staff at the Aeronutronic division of the Ford Motor Company. In 1960, he became manager of the research lab at Ford's theoretical physics department and a consulting editor of the journal Infrared Physics (now called Infrared Physics and Technology). In 1963, he accepted a position as the first professor of atmospheric and space science at the Southwest Center for Advanced Studies (now The University of Texas at Dallas), where he remained for five years. In 1968, he arrived at Texas A&M University, where he served as professor of physics and head of the department.
Carbon dioxide research
In 1953 Plass told Time magazine of his work on the effects of CO2 from industrial sources as a greenhouse gas, and the potential implications of an increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere for global warming. He said, "At its present rate of increase, the CO2 in the atmosphere will raise the earth's average temperature 1.5° Fahrenheit every 100 years. ... for centuries to come, if man's industrial growth continues, the earth's climate will continue to grow warmer." The award-winning short film Invisible Blanket (2018) was based on Plass' article in Time.From 1956 onwards, Plass published a series of papers on the topic, partly based on advanced calculations of the absorption of infrared radiation, and he made use of early electronic computers. He predicted that a doubling of CO2 would warm the planet by 3.6 °C, that CO2 levels in 2000 would be 30% higher than in 1900 and that the planet would be about 1 °C warmer in 2000 than in 1900. In 2007 the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report estimated a climate sensitivity of 2 to 4.5 °C for CO2 doubling, a CO2 rise of 37% since pre-industrial times and a 1900-2000 warm-up of around 0.7 °C.Nathaniel Rich recognizes Plass in his 2019 bestseller Losing Earth.
Other work
Plass was an avid philatelist, and founded the United States Possessions Philatelic Society in 1978. He then served as the editor of their journal, Possessions, for 14 years.He also hosted a classical-music oriented radio program called Collector's Choice on KAMU-FM for many years.
Bibliography
Plass, Gilbert N. (1956). "Infrared Radiation in the Atmosphere". American Journal of Physics. American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT). 24 (5): 303–321. Bibcode:1956AmJPh..24..303P. doi:10.1119/1.1934220. ISSN 0002-9505.
Plass, G.N., 1956, Carbon Dioxide and the Climate, American Scientist 44, p. 302–16. JSTOR 27826805
Plass, Gilbert N. (1956). "Effect of Carbon Dioxide Variations on Climate". American Journal of Physics. American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT). 24 (5): 376–387. Bibcode:1956AmJPh..24..376P. doi:10.1119/1.1934233. ISSN 0002-9505.
Plass, G.N., 1956, The Carbon Dioxide Theory of Climatic Change, Tellus VIII, 2. (1956), p. 140–154.
Plass, G.N., 1959, Carbon Dioxide and Climate, Scientific American, July, p. 41–47. JSTOR 24940327
See also
Greenhouse effect
References
External links
IEEE
American Scientist profile
Scientific American article
|
employer
|
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Gilbert Norman Plass (March 22, 1920 – March 1, 2004) was a Canadian physicist who in the 1950s made predictions about the increase in global atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the 20th century and its effect on the average temperature of the planet that closely match measurements reported half a century later.
Biography
Plass worked most of his life as a physicist in the United States. He graduated from Harvard University in 1941 and earned a PhD in physics from Princeton University in 1947. He worked as an associate physicist at the Metallurgical Laboratory (Manhattan District) of the University of Chicago from 1942 to 1945. He became an instructor of physics at Johns Hopkins University in 1946, and eventually became an associate professor there. In 1955, leaving academia, he held a job for a year as a staff scientist with Lockheed Aircraft Corporation. He then joined the advanced research staff at the Aeronutronic division of the Ford Motor Company. In 1960, he became manager of the research lab at Ford's theoretical physics department and a consulting editor of the journal Infrared Physics (now called Infrared Physics and Technology). In 1963, he accepted a position as the first professor of atmospheric and space science at the Southwest Center for Advanced Studies (now The University of Texas at Dallas), where he remained for five years. In 1968, he arrived at Texas A&M University, where he served as professor of physics and head of the department.
Carbon dioxide research
In 1953 Plass told Time magazine of his work on the effects of CO2 from industrial sources as a greenhouse gas, and the potential implications of an increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere for global warming. He said, "At its present rate of increase, the CO2 in the atmosphere will raise the earth's average temperature 1.5° Fahrenheit every 100 years. ... for centuries to come, if man's industrial growth continues, the earth's climate will continue to grow warmer." The award-winning short film Invisible Blanket (2018) was based on Plass' article in Time.From 1956 onwards, Plass published a series of papers on the topic, partly based on advanced calculations of the absorption of infrared radiation, and he made use of early electronic computers. He predicted that a doubling of CO2 would warm the planet by 3.6 °C, that CO2 levels in 2000 would be 30% higher than in 1900 and that the planet would be about 1 °C warmer in 2000 than in 1900. In 2007 the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report estimated a climate sensitivity of 2 to 4.5 °C for CO2 doubling, a CO2 rise of 37% since pre-industrial times and a 1900-2000 warm-up of around 0.7 °C.Nathaniel Rich recognizes Plass in his 2019 bestseller Losing Earth.
Other work
Plass was an avid philatelist, and founded the United States Possessions Philatelic Society in 1978. He then served as the editor of their journal, Possessions, for 14 years.He also hosted a classical-music oriented radio program called Collector's Choice on KAMU-FM for many years.
Bibliography
Plass, Gilbert N. (1956). "Infrared Radiation in the Atmosphere". American Journal of Physics. American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT). 24 (5): 303–321. Bibcode:1956AmJPh..24..303P. doi:10.1119/1.1934220. ISSN 0002-9505.
Plass, G.N., 1956, Carbon Dioxide and the Climate, American Scientist 44, p. 302–16. JSTOR 27826805
Plass, Gilbert N. (1956). "Effect of Carbon Dioxide Variations on Climate". American Journal of Physics. American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT). 24 (5): 376–387. Bibcode:1956AmJPh..24..376P. doi:10.1119/1.1934233. ISSN 0002-9505.
Plass, G.N., 1956, The Carbon Dioxide Theory of Climatic Change, Tellus VIII, 2. (1956), p. 140–154.
Plass, G.N., 1959, Carbon Dioxide and Climate, Scientific American, July, p. 41–47. JSTOR 24940327
See also
Greenhouse effect
References
External links
IEEE
American Scientist profile
Scientific American article
|
family name
|
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Gilbert Norman Plass (March 22, 1920 – March 1, 2004) was a Canadian physicist who in the 1950s made predictions about the increase in global atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the 20th century and its effect on the average temperature of the planet that closely match measurements reported half a century later.
Biography
Plass worked most of his life as a physicist in the United States. He graduated from Harvard University in 1941 and earned a PhD in physics from Princeton University in 1947. He worked as an associate physicist at the Metallurgical Laboratory (Manhattan District) of the University of Chicago from 1942 to 1945. He became an instructor of physics at Johns Hopkins University in 1946, and eventually became an associate professor there. In 1955, leaving academia, he held a job for a year as a staff scientist with Lockheed Aircraft Corporation. He then joined the advanced research staff at the Aeronutronic division of the Ford Motor Company. In 1960, he became manager of the research lab at Ford's theoretical physics department and a consulting editor of the journal Infrared Physics (now called Infrared Physics and Technology). In 1963, he accepted a position as the first professor of atmospheric and space science at the Southwest Center for Advanced Studies (now The University of Texas at Dallas), where he remained for five years. In 1968, he arrived at Texas A&M University, where he served as professor of physics and head of the department.
Carbon dioxide research
In 1953 Plass told Time magazine of his work on the effects of CO2 from industrial sources as a greenhouse gas, and the potential implications of an increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere for global warming. He said, "At its present rate of increase, the CO2 in the atmosphere will raise the earth's average temperature 1.5° Fahrenheit every 100 years. ... for centuries to come, if man's industrial growth continues, the earth's climate will continue to grow warmer." The award-winning short film Invisible Blanket (2018) was based on Plass' article in Time.From 1956 onwards, Plass published a series of papers on the topic, partly based on advanced calculations of the absorption of infrared radiation, and he made use of early electronic computers. He predicted that a doubling of CO2 would warm the planet by 3.6 °C, that CO2 levels in 2000 would be 30% higher than in 1900 and that the planet would be about 1 °C warmer in 2000 than in 1900. In 2007 the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report estimated a climate sensitivity of 2 to 4.5 °C for CO2 doubling, a CO2 rise of 37% since pre-industrial times and a 1900-2000 warm-up of around 0.7 °C.Nathaniel Rich recognizes Plass in his 2019 bestseller Losing Earth.
Other work
Plass was an avid philatelist, and founded the United States Possessions Philatelic Society in 1978. He then served as the editor of their journal, Possessions, for 14 years.He also hosted a classical-music oriented radio program called Collector's Choice on KAMU-FM for many years.
Bibliography
Plass, Gilbert N. (1956). "Infrared Radiation in the Atmosphere". American Journal of Physics. American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT). 24 (5): 303–321. Bibcode:1956AmJPh..24..303P. doi:10.1119/1.1934220. ISSN 0002-9505.
Plass, G.N., 1956, Carbon Dioxide and the Climate, American Scientist 44, p. 302–16. JSTOR 27826805
Plass, Gilbert N. (1956). "Effect of Carbon Dioxide Variations on Climate". American Journal of Physics. American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT). 24 (5): 376–387. Bibcode:1956AmJPh..24..376P. doi:10.1119/1.1934233. ISSN 0002-9505.
Plass, G.N., 1956, The Carbon Dioxide Theory of Climatic Change, Tellus VIII, 2. (1956), p. 140–154.
Plass, G.N., 1959, Carbon Dioxide and Climate, Scientific American, July, p. 41–47. JSTOR 24940327
See also
Greenhouse effect
References
External links
IEEE
American Scientist profile
Scientific American article
|
given name
|
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Epicrocis brevipalpata is a species of snout moth in the genus Epicrocis. It was described by Boris Balinsky in 1994. It is found in South Africa.
== References ==
|
taxon rank
|
{
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"text": [
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|
Epicrocis brevipalpata is a species of snout moth in the genus Epicrocis. It was described by Boris Balinsky in 1994. It is found in South Africa.
== References ==
|
parent taxon
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Epicrocis"
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|
Epicrocis brevipalpata is a species of snout moth in the genus Epicrocis. It was described by Boris Balinsky in 1994. It is found in South Africa.
== References ==
|
taxon name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
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Ultar Sar (Urdu: آلتر سار) (also Ultar, Ultar II, Bojohagur Duanasir II) is the
southeasternmost major peak of the Batura Muztagh, a subrange of the Karakoram range. It lies about 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of the Karimabad, a town on the Karakoram Highway in the Hunza Valley, part of the Hunza District of Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan.
Notable features and climbing history
While not one of the highest peaks of the Karakoram, Ultar Sar is notable for its dramatic rise above local terrain. Its south flank rises over 5,300 metres (17,388 feet) above the Hunza River near Karimabad, in only about 9 km (5.6 mi) of horizontal distance. Combined with its strategic position at the end of the Batura Muztagh, with the Hunza River bending around it, this makes Ultar a visually striking peak.
Ultar Sar also gained fame in the 1990s as supposedly the world's highest unclimbed independent peak. This was incorrect, as Gangkhar Puensum in Bhutan is higher, and remains unclimbed (and off-limits) as of 2007 (two other higher peaks are also reputedly unclimbed and of independent stature). However, that perception did add to the appeal of the peak, and a number of expeditions attempted to climb it. During the 1980s and 1990s fifteen expeditions made attempts and no summits, but with a number of fatalities.
The first two summits were made in 1996 by two separate Japanese expeditions, the first on 11 July from the Tokai section of the Japanese Alpine Club led by Akito Yamazaki, and the second led by Ken Takahashi. The first summit team comprised Yamazaki and Kiyoshi Matsuoka (who died one year later on the nearby peak Bublimotin). They climbed the peak from the southwest in alpine style, doing much of the climbing at night to avoid danger from falling rock and ice. After their summit, they faced strong storms and bivouacked several days without food before returning to basecamp. Yamazaki died of an internal disease after the descent to basecamp. The second summit was made on 31 July via the south ridge by Takahashi, Masayuki Ando, Ryushi Hoshino, Wataru Saito, and Nobuo Tsutsumi. Third ascent of the peak was also made from the south west by Daniel Akbar a British Born Pakistani climber. Daniel climbed the peak solo in Alpine Style using some of the old fixed ropes from the earlier expedition.On 1 July 2018, Pakistan Army pilots in a daring mission rescued three foreign mountaineers stuck in snow avalanche at above the height of 19,000 feet (5,800 m) on Ultar Sar Peak near Hunza. Bruce Normand and Timothy Miller from UK successfully rescued alive while their companion Christian Huber from Austria had succumbed to avalanche.
Nearby summits and glaciers
Ultar Sar is the east end of a short, somewhat level ridge, the west end of which is a peak called Bojahagur Duanasir (7,329 m/24,045 ft), climbed in 1984 by a Japanese party. To the northwest of both peaks is the huge pyramid of Shispare (7,611 m/24,970 ft). Along the southwest ridge of the massif are Hunza Peak and the striking rock spire of Bublimotin (Ladyfinger Peak).
The glaciers draining the slopes of the massif are (clockwise from north): the Ghulkin Glacier, the Gulmit Glacier, the Ahmad Abad Glacier, the Ultar Glacier, and the Hasanabad Glacier (many of these have other names as well).
See also
Hunza
List of Mountains in Pakistan
Highest Mountains of the World
References
Sources
Jerzy Wala, Orographical Sketch Map of the Karakoram, Swiss Foundation for Alpine Research, 1990.
Jerzy Wala, Orographical Sketch Map of the Batura Muztagh, 1988.
American Alpine Journal, 1997.
Himalayan Index
Kashmir#Terminology
External links
Travel.web.pk, Ultar Peak Page
HunzaGuidesPakistan.com, Ultar Peak Page
Adventure Trip Report by Kuan Sng
First Ultar II Ascent and Tragedy, 1996
|
country
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{
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Ultar Sar (Urdu: آلتر سار) (also Ultar, Ultar II, Bojohagur Duanasir II) is the
southeasternmost major peak of the Batura Muztagh, a subrange of the Karakoram range. It lies about 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of the Karimabad, a town on the Karakoram Highway in the Hunza Valley, part of the Hunza District of Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan.
Notable features and climbing history
While not one of the highest peaks of the Karakoram, Ultar Sar is notable for its dramatic rise above local terrain. Its south flank rises over 5,300 metres (17,388 feet) above the Hunza River near Karimabad, in only about 9 km (5.6 mi) of horizontal distance. Combined with its strategic position at the end of the Batura Muztagh, with the Hunza River bending around it, this makes Ultar a visually striking peak.
Ultar Sar also gained fame in the 1990s as supposedly the world's highest unclimbed independent peak. This was incorrect, as Gangkhar Puensum in Bhutan is higher, and remains unclimbed (and off-limits) as of 2007 (two other higher peaks are also reputedly unclimbed and of independent stature). However, that perception did add to the appeal of the peak, and a number of expeditions attempted to climb it. During the 1980s and 1990s fifteen expeditions made attempts and no summits, but with a number of fatalities.
The first two summits were made in 1996 by two separate Japanese expeditions, the first on 11 July from the Tokai section of the Japanese Alpine Club led by Akito Yamazaki, and the second led by Ken Takahashi. The first summit team comprised Yamazaki and Kiyoshi Matsuoka (who died one year later on the nearby peak Bublimotin). They climbed the peak from the southwest in alpine style, doing much of the climbing at night to avoid danger from falling rock and ice. After their summit, they faced strong storms and bivouacked several days without food before returning to basecamp. Yamazaki died of an internal disease after the descent to basecamp. The second summit was made on 31 July via the south ridge by Takahashi, Masayuki Ando, Ryushi Hoshino, Wataru Saito, and Nobuo Tsutsumi. Third ascent of the peak was also made from the south west by Daniel Akbar a British Born Pakistani climber. Daniel climbed the peak solo in Alpine Style using some of the old fixed ropes from the earlier expedition.On 1 July 2018, Pakistan Army pilots in a daring mission rescued three foreign mountaineers stuck in snow avalanche at above the height of 19,000 feet (5,800 m) on Ultar Sar Peak near Hunza. Bruce Normand and Timothy Miller from UK successfully rescued alive while their companion Christian Huber from Austria had succumbed to avalanche.
Nearby summits and glaciers
Ultar Sar is the east end of a short, somewhat level ridge, the west end of which is a peak called Bojahagur Duanasir (7,329 m/24,045 ft), climbed in 1984 by a Japanese party. To the northwest of both peaks is the huge pyramid of Shispare (7,611 m/24,970 ft). Along the southwest ridge of the massif are Hunza Peak and the striking rock spire of Bublimotin (Ladyfinger Peak).
The glaciers draining the slopes of the massif are (clockwise from north): the Ghulkin Glacier, the Gulmit Glacier, the Ahmad Abad Glacier, the Ultar Glacier, and the Hasanabad Glacier (many of these have other names as well).
See also
Hunza
List of Mountains in Pakistan
Highest Mountains of the World
References
Sources
Jerzy Wala, Orographical Sketch Map of the Karakoram, Swiss Foundation for Alpine Research, 1990.
Jerzy Wala, Orographical Sketch Map of the Batura Muztagh, 1988.
American Alpine Journal, 1997.
Himalayan Index
Kashmir#Terminology
External links
Travel.web.pk, Ultar Peak Page
HunzaGuidesPakistan.com, Ultar Peak Page
Adventure Trip Report by Kuan Sng
First Ultar II Ascent and Tragedy, 1996
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instance of
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Ultar Sar (Urdu: آلتر سار) (also Ultar, Ultar II, Bojohagur Duanasir II) is the
southeasternmost major peak of the Batura Muztagh, a subrange of the Karakoram range. It lies about 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of the Karimabad, a town on the Karakoram Highway in the Hunza Valley, part of the Hunza District of Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan.
Notable features and climbing history
While not one of the highest peaks of the Karakoram, Ultar Sar is notable for its dramatic rise above local terrain. Its south flank rises over 5,300 metres (17,388 feet) above the Hunza River near Karimabad, in only about 9 km (5.6 mi) of horizontal distance. Combined with its strategic position at the end of the Batura Muztagh, with the Hunza River bending around it, this makes Ultar a visually striking peak.
Ultar Sar also gained fame in the 1990s as supposedly the world's highest unclimbed independent peak. This was incorrect, as Gangkhar Puensum in Bhutan is higher, and remains unclimbed (and off-limits) as of 2007 (two other higher peaks are also reputedly unclimbed and of independent stature). However, that perception did add to the appeal of the peak, and a number of expeditions attempted to climb it. During the 1980s and 1990s fifteen expeditions made attempts and no summits, but with a number of fatalities.
The first two summits were made in 1996 by two separate Japanese expeditions, the first on 11 July from the Tokai section of the Japanese Alpine Club led by Akito Yamazaki, and the second led by Ken Takahashi. The first summit team comprised Yamazaki and Kiyoshi Matsuoka (who died one year later on the nearby peak Bublimotin). They climbed the peak from the southwest in alpine style, doing much of the climbing at night to avoid danger from falling rock and ice. After their summit, they faced strong storms and bivouacked several days without food before returning to basecamp. Yamazaki died of an internal disease after the descent to basecamp. The second summit was made on 31 July via the south ridge by Takahashi, Masayuki Ando, Ryushi Hoshino, Wataru Saito, and Nobuo Tsutsumi. Third ascent of the peak was also made from the south west by Daniel Akbar a British Born Pakistani climber. Daniel climbed the peak solo in Alpine Style using some of the old fixed ropes from the earlier expedition.On 1 July 2018, Pakistan Army pilots in a daring mission rescued three foreign mountaineers stuck in snow avalanche at above the height of 19,000 feet (5,800 m) on Ultar Sar Peak near Hunza. Bruce Normand and Timothy Miller from UK successfully rescued alive while their companion Christian Huber from Austria had succumbed to avalanche.
Nearby summits and glaciers
Ultar Sar is the east end of a short, somewhat level ridge, the west end of which is a peak called Bojahagur Duanasir (7,329 m/24,045 ft), climbed in 1984 by a Japanese party. To the northwest of both peaks is the huge pyramid of Shispare (7,611 m/24,970 ft). Along the southwest ridge of the massif are Hunza Peak and the striking rock spire of Bublimotin (Ladyfinger Peak).
The glaciers draining the slopes of the massif are (clockwise from north): the Ghulkin Glacier, the Gulmit Glacier, the Ahmad Abad Glacier, the Ultar Glacier, and the Hasanabad Glacier (many of these have other names as well).
See also
Hunza
List of Mountains in Pakistan
Highest Mountains of the World
References
Sources
Jerzy Wala, Orographical Sketch Map of the Karakoram, Swiss Foundation for Alpine Research, 1990.
Jerzy Wala, Orographical Sketch Map of the Batura Muztagh, 1988.
American Alpine Journal, 1997.
Himalayan Index
Kashmir#Terminology
External links
Travel.web.pk, Ultar Peak Page
HunzaGuidesPakistan.com, Ultar Peak Page
Adventure Trip Report by Kuan Sng
First Ultar II Ascent and Tragedy, 1996
|
Commons category
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{
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0
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"text": [
"Ultar Sar"
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Ultar Sar (Urdu: آلتر سار) (also Ultar, Ultar II, Bojohagur Duanasir II) is the
southeasternmost major peak of the Batura Muztagh, a subrange of the Karakoram range. It lies about 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of the Karimabad, a town on the Karakoram Highway in the Hunza Valley, part of the Hunza District of Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan.
Notable features and climbing history
While not one of the highest peaks of the Karakoram, Ultar Sar is notable for its dramatic rise above local terrain. Its south flank rises over 5,300 metres (17,388 feet) above the Hunza River near Karimabad, in only about 9 km (5.6 mi) of horizontal distance. Combined with its strategic position at the end of the Batura Muztagh, with the Hunza River bending around it, this makes Ultar a visually striking peak.
Ultar Sar also gained fame in the 1990s as supposedly the world's highest unclimbed independent peak. This was incorrect, as Gangkhar Puensum in Bhutan is higher, and remains unclimbed (and off-limits) as of 2007 (two other higher peaks are also reputedly unclimbed and of independent stature). However, that perception did add to the appeal of the peak, and a number of expeditions attempted to climb it. During the 1980s and 1990s fifteen expeditions made attempts and no summits, but with a number of fatalities.
The first two summits were made in 1996 by two separate Japanese expeditions, the first on 11 July from the Tokai section of the Japanese Alpine Club led by Akito Yamazaki, and the second led by Ken Takahashi. The first summit team comprised Yamazaki and Kiyoshi Matsuoka (who died one year later on the nearby peak Bublimotin). They climbed the peak from the southwest in alpine style, doing much of the climbing at night to avoid danger from falling rock and ice. After their summit, they faced strong storms and bivouacked several days without food before returning to basecamp. Yamazaki died of an internal disease after the descent to basecamp. The second summit was made on 31 July via the south ridge by Takahashi, Masayuki Ando, Ryushi Hoshino, Wataru Saito, and Nobuo Tsutsumi. Third ascent of the peak was also made from the south west by Daniel Akbar a British Born Pakistani climber. Daniel climbed the peak solo in Alpine Style using some of the old fixed ropes from the earlier expedition.On 1 July 2018, Pakistan Army pilots in a daring mission rescued three foreign mountaineers stuck in snow avalanche at above the height of 19,000 feet (5,800 m) on Ultar Sar Peak near Hunza. Bruce Normand and Timothy Miller from UK successfully rescued alive while their companion Christian Huber from Austria had succumbed to avalanche.
Nearby summits and glaciers
Ultar Sar is the east end of a short, somewhat level ridge, the west end of which is a peak called Bojahagur Duanasir (7,329 m/24,045 ft), climbed in 1984 by a Japanese party. To the northwest of both peaks is the huge pyramid of Shispare (7,611 m/24,970 ft). Along the southwest ridge of the massif are Hunza Peak and the striking rock spire of Bublimotin (Ladyfinger Peak).
The glaciers draining the slopes of the massif are (clockwise from north): the Ghulkin Glacier, the Gulmit Glacier, the Ahmad Abad Glacier, the Ultar Glacier, and the Hasanabad Glacier (many of these have other names as well).
See also
Hunza
List of Mountains in Pakistan
Highest Mountains of the World
References
Sources
Jerzy Wala, Orographical Sketch Map of the Karakoram, Swiss Foundation for Alpine Research, 1990.
Jerzy Wala, Orographical Sketch Map of the Batura Muztagh, 1988.
American Alpine Journal, 1997.
Himalayan Index
Kashmir#Terminology
External links
Travel.web.pk, Ultar Peak Page
HunzaGuidesPakistan.com, Ultar Peak Page
Adventure Trip Report by Kuan Sng
First Ultar II Ascent and Tragedy, 1996
|
mountain range
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{
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116
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"text": [
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|
Ultar Sar (Urdu: آلتر سار) (also Ultar, Ultar II, Bojohagur Duanasir II) is the
southeasternmost major peak of the Batura Muztagh, a subrange of the Karakoram range. It lies about 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of the Karimabad, a town on the Karakoram Highway in the Hunza Valley, part of the Hunza District of Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan.
Notable features and climbing history
While not one of the highest peaks of the Karakoram, Ultar Sar is notable for its dramatic rise above local terrain. Its south flank rises over 5,300 metres (17,388 feet) above the Hunza River near Karimabad, in only about 9 km (5.6 mi) of horizontal distance. Combined with its strategic position at the end of the Batura Muztagh, with the Hunza River bending around it, this makes Ultar a visually striking peak.
Ultar Sar also gained fame in the 1990s as supposedly the world's highest unclimbed independent peak. This was incorrect, as Gangkhar Puensum in Bhutan is higher, and remains unclimbed (and off-limits) as of 2007 (two other higher peaks are also reputedly unclimbed and of independent stature). However, that perception did add to the appeal of the peak, and a number of expeditions attempted to climb it. During the 1980s and 1990s fifteen expeditions made attempts and no summits, but with a number of fatalities.
The first two summits were made in 1996 by two separate Japanese expeditions, the first on 11 July from the Tokai section of the Japanese Alpine Club led by Akito Yamazaki, and the second led by Ken Takahashi. The first summit team comprised Yamazaki and Kiyoshi Matsuoka (who died one year later on the nearby peak Bublimotin). They climbed the peak from the southwest in alpine style, doing much of the climbing at night to avoid danger from falling rock and ice. After their summit, they faced strong storms and bivouacked several days without food before returning to basecamp. Yamazaki died of an internal disease after the descent to basecamp. The second summit was made on 31 July via the south ridge by Takahashi, Masayuki Ando, Ryushi Hoshino, Wataru Saito, and Nobuo Tsutsumi. Third ascent of the peak was also made from the south west by Daniel Akbar a British Born Pakistani climber. Daniel climbed the peak solo in Alpine Style using some of the old fixed ropes from the earlier expedition.On 1 July 2018, Pakistan Army pilots in a daring mission rescued three foreign mountaineers stuck in snow avalanche at above the height of 19,000 feet (5,800 m) on Ultar Sar Peak near Hunza. Bruce Normand and Timothy Miller from UK successfully rescued alive while their companion Christian Huber from Austria had succumbed to avalanche.
Nearby summits and glaciers
Ultar Sar is the east end of a short, somewhat level ridge, the west end of which is a peak called Bojahagur Duanasir (7,329 m/24,045 ft), climbed in 1984 by a Japanese party. To the northwest of both peaks is the huge pyramid of Shispare (7,611 m/24,970 ft). Along the southwest ridge of the massif are Hunza Peak and the striking rock spire of Bublimotin (Ladyfinger Peak).
The glaciers draining the slopes of the massif are (clockwise from north): the Ghulkin Glacier, the Gulmit Glacier, the Ahmad Abad Glacier, the Ultar Glacier, and the Hasanabad Glacier (many of these have other names as well).
See also
Hunza
List of Mountains in Pakistan
Highest Mountains of the World
References
Sources
Jerzy Wala, Orographical Sketch Map of the Karakoram, Swiss Foundation for Alpine Research, 1990.
Jerzy Wala, Orographical Sketch Map of the Batura Muztagh, 1988.
American Alpine Journal, 1997.
Himalayan Index
Kashmir#Terminology
External links
Travel.web.pk, Ultar Peak Page
HunzaGuidesPakistan.com, Ultar Peak Page
Adventure Trip Report by Kuan Sng
First Ultar II Ascent and Tragedy, 1996
|
Genius artist ID
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Ultar"
]
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|
Ultar Sar (Urdu: آلتر سار) (also Ultar, Ultar II, Bojohagur Duanasir II) is the
southeasternmost major peak of the Batura Muztagh, a subrange of the Karakoram range. It lies about 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of the Karimabad, a town on the Karakoram Highway in the Hunza Valley, part of the Hunza District of Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan.
Notable features and climbing history
While not one of the highest peaks of the Karakoram, Ultar Sar is notable for its dramatic rise above local terrain. Its south flank rises over 5,300 metres (17,388 feet) above the Hunza River near Karimabad, in only about 9 km (5.6 mi) of horizontal distance. Combined with its strategic position at the end of the Batura Muztagh, with the Hunza River bending around it, this makes Ultar a visually striking peak.
Ultar Sar also gained fame in the 1990s as supposedly the world's highest unclimbed independent peak. This was incorrect, as Gangkhar Puensum in Bhutan is higher, and remains unclimbed (and off-limits) as of 2007 (two other higher peaks are also reputedly unclimbed and of independent stature). However, that perception did add to the appeal of the peak, and a number of expeditions attempted to climb it. During the 1980s and 1990s fifteen expeditions made attempts and no summits, but with a number of fatalities.
The first two summits were made in 1996 by two separate Japanese expeditions, the first on 11 July from the Tokai section of the Japanese Alpine Club led by Akito Yamazaki, and the second led by Ken Takahashi. The first summit team comprised Yamazaki and Kiyoshi Matsuoka (who died one year later on the nearby peak Bublimotin). They climbed the peak from the southwest in alpine style, doing much of the climbing at night to avoid danger from falling rock and ice. After their summit, they faced strong storms and bivouacked several days without food before returning to basecamp. Yamazaki died of an internal disease after the descent to basecamp. The second summit was made on 31 July via the south ridge by Takahashi, Masayuki Ando, Ryushi Hoshino, Wataru Saito, and Nobuo Tsutsumi. Third ascent of the peak was also made from the south west by Daniel Akbar a British Born Pakistani climber. Daniel climbed the peak solo in Alpine Style using some of the old fixed ropes from the earlier expedition.On 1 July 2018, Pakistan Army pilots in a daring mission rescued three foreign mountaineers stuck in snow avalanche at above the height of 19,000 feet (5,800 m) on Ultar Sar Peak near Hunza. Bruce Normand and Timothy Miller from UK successfully rescued alive while their companion Christian Huber from Austria had succumbed to avalanche.
Nearby summits and glaciers
Ultar Sar is the east end of a short, somewhat level ridge, the west end of which is a peak called Bojahagur Duanasir (7,329 m/24,045 ft), climbed in 1984 by a Japanese party. To the northwest of both peaks is the huge pyramid of Shispare (7,611 m/24,970 ft). Along the southwest ridge of the massif are Hunza Peak and the striking rock spire of Bublimotin (Ladyfinger Peak).
The glaciers draining the slopes of the massif are (clockwise from north): the Ghulkin Glacier, the Gulmit Glacier, the Ahmad Abad Glacier, the Ultar Glacier, and the Hasanabad Glacier (many of these have other names as well).
See also
Hunza
List of Mountains in Pakistan
Highest Mountains of the World
References
Sources
Jerzy Wala, Orographical Sketch Map of the Karakoram, Swiss Foundation for Alpine Research, 1990.
Jerzy Wala, Orographical Sketch Map of the Batura Muztagh, 1988.
American Alpine Journal, 1997.
Himalayan Index
Kashmir#Terminology
External links
Travel.web.pk, Ultar Peak Page
HunzaGuidesPakistan.com, Ultar Peak Page
Adventure Trip Report by Kuan Sng
First Ultar II Ascent and Tragedy, 1996
|
name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Ultar"
]
}
|
Ultar Sar (Urdu: آلتر سار) (also Ultar, Ultar II, Bojohagur Duanasir II) is the
southeasternmost major peak of the Batura Muztagh, a subrange of the Karakoram range. It lies about 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of the Karimabad, a town on the Karakoram Highway in the Hunza Valley, part of the Hunza District of Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan.
Notable features and climbing history
While not one of the highest peaks of the Karakoram, Ultar Sar is notable for its dramatic rise above local terrain. Its south flank rises over 5,300 metres (17,388 feet) above the Hunza River near Karimabad, in only about 9 km (5.6 mi) of horizontal distance. Combined with its strategic position at the end of the Batura Muztagh, with the Hunza River bending around it, this makes Ultar a visually striking peak.
Ultar Sar also gained fame in the 1990s as supposedly the world's highest unclimbed independent peak. This was incorrect, as Gangkhar Puensum in Bhutan is higher, and remains unclimbed (and off-limits) as of 2007 (two other higher peaks are also reputedly unclimbed and of independent stature). However, that perception did add to the appeal of the peak, and a number of expeditions attempted to climb it. During the 1980s and 1990s fifteen expeditions made attempts and no summits, but with a number of fatalities.
The first two summits were made in 1996 by two separate Japanese expeditions, the first on 11 July from the Tokai section of the Japanese Alpine Club led by Akito Yamazaki, and the second led by Ken Takahashi. The first summit team comprised Yamazaki and Kiyoshi Matsuoka (who died one year later on the nearby peak Bublimotin). They climbed the peak from the southwest in alpine style, doing much of the climbing at night to avoid danger from falling rock and ice. After their summit, they faced strong storms and bivouacked several days without food before returning to basecamp. Yamazaki died of an internal disease after the descent to basecamp. The second summit was made on 31 July via the south ridge by Takahashi, Masayuki Ando, Ryushi Hoshino, Wataru Saito, and Nobuo Tsutsumi. Third ascent of the peak was also made from the south west by Daniel Akbar a British Born Pakistani climber. Daniel climbed the peak solo in Alpine Style using some of the old fixed ropes from the earlier expedition.On 1 July 2018, Pakistan Army pilots in a daring mission rescued three foreign mountaineers stuck in snow avalanche at above the height of 19,000 feet (5,800 m) on Ultar Sar Peak near Hunza. Bruce Normand and Timothy Miller from UK successfully rescued alive while their companion Christian Huber from Austria had succumbed to avalanche.
Nearby summits and glaciers
Ultar Sar is the east end of a short, somewhat level ridge, the west end of which is a peak called Bojahagur Duanasir (7,329 m/24,045 ft), climbed in 1984 by a Japanese party. To the northwest of both peaks is the huge pyramid of Shispare (7,611 m/24,970 ft). Along the southwest ridge of the massif are Hunza Peak and the striking rock spire of Bublimotin (Ladyfinger Peak).
The glaciers draining the slopes of the massif are (clockwise from north): the Ghulkin Glacier, the Gulmit Glacier, the Ahmad Abad Glacier, the Ultar Glacier, and the Hasanabad Glacier (many of these have other names as well).
See also
Hunza
List of Mountains in Pakistan
Highest Mountains of the World
References
Sources
Jerzy Wala, Orographical Sketch Map of the Karakoram, Swiss Foundation for Alpine Research, 1990.
Jerzy Wala, Orographical Sketch Map of the Batura Muztagh, 1988.
American Alpine Journal, 1997.
Himalayan Index
Kashmir#Terminology
External links
Travel.web.pk, Ultar Peak Page
HunzaGuidesPakistan.com, Ultar Peak Page
Adventure Trip Report by Kuan Sng
First Ultar II Ascent and Tragedy, 1996
|
Last.fm ID
|
{
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0
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"text": [
"Ultar"
]
}
|
Ultar Sar (Urdu: آلتر سار) (also Ultar, Ultar II, Bojohagur Duanasir II) is the
southeasternmost major peak of the Batura Muztagh, a subrange of the Karakoram range. It lies about 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of the Karimabad, a town on the Karakoram Highway in the Hunza Valley, part of the Hunza District of Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan.
Notable features and climbing history
While not one of the highest peaks of the Karakoram, Ultar Sar is notable for its dramatic rise above local terrain. Its south flank rises over 5,300 metres (17,388 feet) above the Hunza River near Karimabad, in only about 9 km (5.6 mi) of horizontal distance. Combined with its strategic position at the end of the Batura Muztagh, with the Hunza River bending around it, this makes Ultar a visually striking peak.
Ultar Sar also gained fame in the 1990s as supposedly the world's highest unclimbed independent peak. This was incorrect, as Gangkhar Puensum in Bhutan is higher, and remains unclimbed (and off-limits) as of 2007 (two other higher peaks are also reputedly unclimbed and of independent stature). However, that perception did add to the appeal of the peak, and a number of expeditions attempted to climb it. During the 1980s and 1990s fifteen expeditions made attempts and no summits, but with a number of fatalities.
The first two summits were made in 1996 by two separate Japanese expeditions, the first on 11 July from the Tokai section of the Japanese Alpine Club led by Akito Yamazaki, and the second led by Ken Takahashi. The first summit team comprised Yamazaki and Kiyoshi Matsuoka (who died one year later on the nearby peak Bublimotin). They climbed the peak from the southwest in alpine style, doing much of the climbing at night to avoid danger from falling rock and ice. After their summit, they faced strong storms and bivouacked several days without food before returning to basecamp. Yamazaki died of an internal disease after the descent to basecamp. The second summit was made on 31 July via the south ridge by Takahashi, Masayuki Ando, Ryushi Hoshino, Wataru Saito, and Nobuo Tsutsumi. Third ascent of the peak was also made from the south west by Daniel Akbar a British Born Pakistani climber. Daniel climbed the peak solo in Alpine Style using some of the old fixed ropes from the earlier expedition.On 1 July 2018, Pakistan Army pilots in a daring mission rescued three foreign mountaineers stuck in snow avalanche at above the height of 19,000 feet (5,800 m) on Ultar Sar Peak near Hunza. Bruce Normand and Timothy Miller from UK successfully rescued alive while their companion Christian Huber from Austria had succumbed to avalanche.
Nearby summits and glaciers
Ultar Sar is the east end of a short, somewhat level ridge, the west end of which is a peak called Bojahagur Duanasir (7,329 m/24,045 ft), climbed in 1984 by a Japanese party. To the northwest of both peaks is the huge pyramid of Shispare (7,611 m/24,970 ft). Along the southwest ridge of the massif are Hunza Peak and the striking rock spire of Bublimotin (Ladyfinger Peak).
The glaciers draining the slopes of the massif are (clockwise from north): the Ghulkin Glacier, the Gulmit Glacier, the Ahmad Abad Glacier, the Ultar Glacier, and the Hasanabad Glacier (many of these have other names as well).
See also
Hunza
List of Mountains in Pakistan
Highest Mountains of the World
References
Sources
Jerzy Wala, Orographical Sketch Map of the Karakoram, Swiss Foundation for Alpine Research, 1990.
Jerzy Wala, Orographical Sketch Map of the Batura Muztagh, 1988.
American Alpine Journal, 1997.
Himalayan Index
Kashmir#Terminology
External links
Travel.web.pk, Ultar Peak Page
HunzaGuidesPakistan.com, Ultar Peak Page
Adventure Trip Report by Kuan Sng
First Ultar II Ascent and Tragedy, 1996
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Woodrow Sedlacek (June 7, 1919 – July 19, 2004) was an American Thoroughbred flat racing horse trainer.
Sedlacek is best remembered as the trainer of Bounding Basque with whom he won one edition of the 1983 Wood Memorial Stakes, and in 1985 the Brooklyn Handicap, the Massachusetts Handicap, and equaled the track record for 1¼ miles Meadowlands Cup.
Sedlacek started in Thoroughbred horse racing as a jockey during the 1930s. He was almost killed in a racing accident in 1937 that left him with a plate in his head. In 1945, he began working as a trainer and retired from the sport in 1997 to a home in Florida.
Sedlacek died from cancer in Ocala, Florida in 2004 at the age of 85.
References
Thoroughbred Times 2004 obituary for Woody Sedlacek
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Woodrow Sedlacek (June 7, 1919 – July 19, 2004) was an American Thoroughbred flat racing horse trainer.
Sedlacek is best remembered as the trainer of Bounding Basque with whom he won one edition of the 1983 Wood Memorial Stakes, and in 1985 the Brooklyn Handicap, the Massachusetts Handicap, and equaled the track record for 1¼ miles Meadowlands Cup.
Sedlacek started in Thoroughbred horse racing as a jockey during the 1930s. He was almost killed in a racing accident in 1937 that left him with a plate in his head. In 1945, he began working as a trainer and retired from the sport in 1997 to a home in Florida.
Sedlacek died from cancer in Ocala, Florida in 2004 at the age of 85.
References
Thoroughbred Times 2004 obituary for Woody Sedlacek
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occupation
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Woodrow Sedlacek (June 7, 1919 – July 19, 2004) was an American Thoroughbred flat racing horse trainer.
Sedlacek is best remembered as the trainer of Bounding Basque with whom he won one edition of the 1983 Wood Memorial Stakes, and in 1985 the Brooklyn Handicap, the Massachusetts Handicap, and equaled the track record for 1¼ miles Meadowlands Cup.
Sedlacek started in Thoroughbred horse racing as a jockey during the 1930s. He was almost killed in a racing accident in 1937 that left him with a plate in his head. In 1945, he began working as a trainer and retired from the sport in 1997 to a home in Florida.
Sedlacek died from cancer in Ocala, Florida in 2004 at the age of 85.
References
Thoroughbred Times 2004 obituary for Woody Sedlacek
|
cause of death
|
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|
Woodrow Sedlacek (June 7, 1919 – July 19, 2004) was an American Thoroughbred flat racing horse trainer.
Sedlacek is best remembered as the trainer of Bounding Basque with whom he won one edition of the 1983 Wood Memorial Stakes, and in 1985 the Brooklyn Handicap, the Massachusetts Handicap, and equaled the track record for 1¼ miles Meadowlands Cup.
Sedlacek started in Thoroughbred horse racing as a jockey during the 1930s. He was almost killed in a racing accident in 1937 that left him with a plate in his head. In 1945, he began working as a trainer and retired from the sport in 1997 to a home in Florida.
Sedlacek died from cancer in Ocala, Florida in 2004 at the age of 85.
References
Thoroughbred Times 2004 obituary for Woody Sedlacek
|
family name
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|
Woodrow Sedlacek (June 7, 1919 – July 19, 2004) was an American Thoroughbred flat racing horse trainer.
Sedlacek is best remembered as the trainer of Bounding Basque with whom he won one edition of the 1983 Wood Memorial Stakes, and in 1985 the Brooklyn Handicap, the Massachusetts Handicap, and equaled the track record for 1¼ miles Meadowlands Cup.
Sedlacek started in Thoroughbred horse racing as a jockey during the 1930s. He was almost killed in a racing accident in 1937 that left him with a plate in his head. In 1945, he began working as a trainer and retired from the sport in 1997 to a home in Florida.
Sedlacek died from cancer in Ocala, Florida in 2004 at the age of 85.
References
Thoroughbred Times 2004 obituary for Woody Sedlacek
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given name
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Chourjit Singh, also known as Charajit Singh, was a Meitei King and a Maharaja of Kangleipak (Meitei for 'Manipur kingdom'), who ruled between 1806 and 1812.
See also
List of Manipuri kings
Manipur (princely state)
References
Bibliography
Hodson, Thomas Callan.The Meitheis. Harvard University, 1908.
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country of citizenship
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Neurocossus khmer is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Cambodia.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog
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parent taxon
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Neurocossus khmer is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Cambodia.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog
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taxon name
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Nikolaos Georgalis (Greek: Νικόλαος Γεωργαλής; born July 23, 1957), commonly known as either Nikos Galis (Greek: Νίκος Γκάλης), or Nick Galis, is a Greek former professional basketball player. Galis, who during his playing days was nicknamed, "Nick The Greek", "The Gangster", and "The Iron Man", is widely regarded as Europe's greatest scorer to ever play the game, and as one of the all-time greatest players in FIBA international basketball history. In 1991, Galis was named one of FIBA's 50 Greatest Players. In 2007, he became an inaugural member of the FIBA Hall of Fame. In 2008, he was chosen as one of the 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors. In 2017, he was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.During his college basketball career at Seton Hall University, Galis played at the point guard position. However, his primary position during his pro career was shooting guard. He spent most of his club playing career with Aris Thessaloniki, before having a late career stint with Panathinaikos Athens. Among qualified players, he is the EuroLeague's all-time leader in points per game scoring average, when counting both the FIBA and EuroLeague Basketball eras (1958–present). He was also the league's top scorer of the season, numerous times. In Europe's premier basketball club competition, he reached the EuroLeague Final Four on four occasions, making it in three consecutive years with Aris (1988, 1989, 1990), and in another year with Panathinaikos (1994). Galis won eight Greek league championships, and he is also the Greek Championship's amateur era all-time leading scorer, in both career points scored and career scoring average, when counting all league formats prior to the league becoming fully professional, in the 1992–93 season.
Galis led the Greece men's national basketball team to the EuroBasket's gold medal in 1987, and he earned the tournament's MVP award in the process. Following his stunning success in winning the 1987 EuroBasket title, Galis won both the Mr. Europa and the Euroscar player of the year awards. He also led Greece to a silver medal at the 1989 EuroBasket, where he was also selected to the All-EuroBasket Team. Overall during his national team career, he was named to the All-EuroBasket Team four times (1983, 1987, 1989, 1991). Among his myriad of accomplishments, he holds the EuroBasket's record for the highest career scoring average (31.2 points per game), and he was also the leading scorer of four EuroBasket tournaments, in 1983, 1987, 1989, and 1991. Galis also owns two major records of the FIBA World Championship/Cup tournament. He holds the records for the highest career scoring average (33.5 points per game), and the most total points ever scored in a single tournament, which he set at the 1986 FIBA World Championship.
Galis, who was named the Greek Male Athlete of the Year three times (1986, 1987, 1989), is highly revered in Greece, where he is considered by many to be one of the greatest national athletes that the country has ever had. His years with Aris Thessaloniki and the Greece national team, lifted Greek basketball from a place of relative obscurity, to both European and global power status. Galis was the sports icon that eventually inspired thousands of Greeks to take up playing the game of basketball.
Early life and high school
Galis was born in Union City, New Jersey. The child of a poor immigrant family, from the Greek islands of Rhodes and Nisyros, Galis took up boxing in his early years, after his father, George Georgalis, who had also been a boxer in his youth. He was later persuaded to give up boxing by his mother, Stella Georgalis, who was terrified after each time that her son would return home from boxing training with a new facial injury. As a result, Galis started playing the sport of basketball instead of boxing. He attended Union Hill High School, in Union City, where he played high school basketball for legendary coach William J. McKeever , as well as American football.
College career
After high school, Galis enrolled at Seton Hall University, where he played college basketball as a member of the Seton Hall Pirates. In his senior 1978–79 season, Galis saw his scoring average reach 27.5 points per game, which was third in the nation, behind Idaho State's Lawrence Butler (30.1 points per game) and Indiana State's Larry Bird (28.6 points per game), including a 48-point outburst against the University of Santa Clara.Also in his senior year of college, Galis won the Haggerty Award (the New York City metro area's best player award), and the Eastern College Athletic Conference Player of the Year award. The same year, he also played in the Pizza Hut All-American game, alongside Bird and Vinnie Johnson. During his four-year college career, Galis played in a total of 107 games and scored 1,651 points, for a career scoring average of 15.4 points per game.Galis' head coach at Seton Hall, Bill Raftery, would later state that Galis was the best player that he ever coached. While at Seton Hall, Galis was a good friend and roommate of Italian-American professional basketball player Dan Callandrillo. Galis was later inducted into the Seton Hall Athletic Hall of Fame, in 1991.
College stats
Professional career
Boston Celtics
After finishing his collegiate career in 1979, Galis signed with agent Bill Manon, who also managed Diana Ross. Manon did not have Galis work out with any NBA team. Galis was eventually selected by the Boston Celtics in the 4th round of the 1979 NBA draft, 68th overall. Due to a severe ankle injury that Galis suffered during the Celtics preseason training camp of the 1979–80 season, the franchise was no longer interested in offering him a contract because Gerald Henderson had taken his place on the team, and his injury would keep him out for the foreseeable future.
Galis then decided to pursue a professional career in Greece's top-tier level Basket League. Later, while still playing in Greece, he would be offered NBA contracts by the Celtics and the New Jersey Nets. However, he turned the offers down, because at the time, and until 1989, FIBA did not have professional status, and consequently did not allow NBA players to compete at the national team level. Since playing with the Greek men's national basketball team meant so much to him, he stayed in Greece. Celtics then-president Red Auerbach later said that the single biggest mistake he ever made in his career was not keeping Galis.
Aris Thessaloniki
After suffering an ankle injury in the Boston Celtics 1979–80 preseason training camp, which prevented him from receiving a contract with the Celtics, Galis made the move across the Atlantic, and signed to play with Aris Thessaloniki of Greece, in 1979. The two major Greek clubs of Panathinaikos Athens and Olympiacos Piraeus, had also shown some interest in signing him, but it was Aris Thessaloniki's interest that was the most persuasive to Galis. His move to the country would eventually help Greek club basketball to reach a level of popularity that had never been previously imagined.
Galis was the indisputable leader of Aris Thessaloniki, as he averaged more than 30 points per game in nearly every season and competition that he played in with the team. With Aris Thessaloniki, he played alongside other great European players like Panagiotis Giannakis and Slobodan Subotić, who was known in Greece as Lefteris Soumpotits. With Aris Thessaloniki, Galis won eight Greek League championships, in the years 1983, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991. He won seven out of his eight Greek League championships in consecutive years, with three of those championships being won in undefeated seasons. He also won six Greek Cup titles with Aris Thessaloniki, in the years 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1992. Four of his six Greek Cup titles were won in consecutive years.
In the top-level European-wide club competition, the FIBA European Champions' Cup (EuroLeague), Galis led Aris Thessaloniki to three consecutive appearances at the competition's Final Four. Galis' team played at the 1988 Ghent Final Four, the 1989 Munich Final Four, and the 1990 Zaragoza Final Four. In the one major disappointment of an otherwise glittering club career with Aris Thessaloniki, all three of Galis' FIBA European Champions' Cup Final Four appearances ended in losses in the semifinals. Which thus deprived him of the opportunity to shine all the way onto Europe's biggest club stage, at the FIBA European Champions' Cup Finals (EuroLeague Finals). However, the team's performances and general standard of play, won over the hearts of most basketball fans in Greece. In fact, cinemas and theaters in Greece would often reduce their ticket admission prices on Thursday evenings, when Aris Thessaloniki was playing games, as large segments of the country settled down to watch them on television.
In June 1991, Galis was chosen as a member of The Balkans Selection All-Star Team that played against The European Selection All-Star Team at the 1991 FIBA Centennial Jubilee. The 1991 FIBA Jubilee event was held in order to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the creation of the sport of basketball in 1891, by the Canadian James Naismith. The FIBA Jubilee All-Star Game took place at the Peace and Friendship Stadium, in Piraeus, Athens, Greece, and it included numerous legends of European basketball. The Balkans' All-Star Selection won the game, by a score of 103–102. Galis was the game's top scorer, with 20 points.
On 19 December 1991, in one of his final FIBA EuroLeague games with Aris Thessaloniki, Galis rolled back the clock. At the age of 34, he scored 46 points, on 13/20 field goals overall, 8/14 2-point field goals, 5/6 3-point field goals, and 15/18 free throws, in a 111–108 loss against the Italian League club Olimpia Milano. However, Aris Thessaloniki's 1991–92 FIBA EuroLeague season was a disappointment, as the club finished group stage play with a record of 3–11.
Also in that same 1991–92 season, in a Greek League game against Panionios Athens, Galis scored 48 points, on 17/21 field goals overall, 15/18 2-point field goals, 2/3 3-point field goals, and 12/13 free throws. However, Aris Thessaloniki failed to make it to the 1992 Greek League's Finals. It was the first time that the team had not won the Greek League championship, since 1984.
Eventually, the 1991–92 season ended up being Galis' final campaign with Aris Thessaloniki. At that time, the team was under new management and was trying to bring down the club's debts. That combined with Galis' huge salary for that time, and the fact that the team was in a period of decline, were the main causes for his departure. Galis, who adored the city of Thessaloniki and Aris' fans, had originally insisted on remaining in the club and playing for the team, as he believed that he still had a lot to offer the club. Ultimately however, Galis was forced to leave the club. In his last game for the club, Galis scored 18 points (6/9, 6/9, 0/2) as Aris beat AEK 74–62 to win yet another Greek Cup title in 1992.
Panathinaikos Athens
Galis moved to Athens, in the summer of 1992, to play with Panathinaikos. He was the player who then led the "Greens" to a club rebirth, after it had suffered through a long drought period, during which the historical team had remained without winning any titles. The previous season (1991–92) had been particularly disappointing for the club, with the team finishing in eighth place in the Greek league. As the team's captain, Galis inspired the young players of Panathinaikos Athens, such as Fragiskos Alvertis and Nikos Oikonomou, and he gradually brought back hope to the team's fans. So much so, as to the point that the club's then home arena, Glyfada Indoor Hall, was always overcrowded. In that season (1992–93), Panathinaikos Athens finished in second place in the Greek league, and also won the Greek Cup title, which was the seventh Greek Cup title for Galis.
In the following 1993–94 season, Galis was the FIBA European League (EuroLeague)'s Top Scorer, with an average of 23.8 points per game, in 21 games played. He also led the league in assists, with an average of 4.7 assists per game. In Panathinaikos Athens' decisive Game 3 victory of the FIBA European League's quarterfinals, against the then reigning league champions, the French League club Limoges, Galis truly led Panathinaikos Athens into a new club era. Galis led Panathinaikos Athens' qualification to the 1994 Tel Aviv FIBA European League Final Four, by scoring 30 points in the deciding playoff game, on 12–16 (75%) field goal shooting in the game. The "Greens" eventually finished in third place in the FIBA European League that season, after they lost in the semifinals to their arch-rivals Olympiacos Piraeus, by a score of 77–72.
However, it was still the furthest that the club had reached in the competition since the 1971–72 season. Galis scored 30 points in Panathinaikos Athens' win in the Final Four's third place game against the Spanish League club FC Barcelona, as he led all scorers in the game, with 30 points. Galis was named to the All-Final Four Team.
In what proved to be one of his final games for Panathinaikos, during the 3rd/4th place playoff series against Panionios in May 1994, Galis went scoreless in a game for the first time in his professional career in Greece, ending game 2 (which Panathinaikos lost 93–71) with 0/4 two-point shots from 29 minutes' play. Galis rallied to score 18 and 22 points in games 3 and 4, both of which Panathinaikos won to seal 3rd spot and a place in the FIBA European League for the following season.
In his third season with Panthinaikos Athens (1994–95), Galis teamed up with Panagiotis Giannakis and Žarko Paspalj, to make a strong effort to win the championship of the FIBA European League. Galis was the player who led Panathinaikos Athens to the competition's Top 16 group stage, as he prevented their elimination from the competition against the Ukrainian Super League club Budivelnyk Kyiv, with a game-high of 23 points in the club's decisive second-leg game victory. Galis was also the leader of the team in their Greek Cup win against Olympiacos Piraeus, at the Sporting Sports Arena.
At the age of 37, Galis played in his last game in professional basketball, as a player of Panathinaikos Athens, on October 12, 1994. It was in a game against Dafni Athens, in Week 1 of the Greek League's 1994–95 season. In that game, Galis scored a total of 8 points (2/2, 3/3), in 35 minutes of playing time. Panathinaikos Athens won the game in a blowout, by a score of 82–60.
Galis' playing career then ended controversially, on October 18, 1994, before Panathinaikos Athens' Week 2 game of the Greek League's 1994–95 season. Kostas Politis, who was the head coach of Panathinaikos Athens at the time, decided not to include Galis in the team's starting line-up of that Greek League game versus Ampelokipoi Athens. In protest against the head coach's decision, Galis left the arena, and ultimately, he never returned to playing action again. His retirement was officially announced in the media, on September 29, 1995.
During his pro club basketball career, Galis scored a total of 12,864 points, in 384 Greek Basket League games played, for a career scoring average of 33.5 points per game. In the 55 career Greek Cup games in which he played, he scored a total of 1,935 points, for a career scoring average of 35.2 points per game. He also averaged 42.5 points per game, in the two Greek Super Cup games that he played in. He scored a total of 864 points, in 23 FIBA Korać Cup games, for a career scoring average of 37.6 points per game. In the FIBA EuroLeague, he scored a total of 4,047 points, in 125 games played, for a career scoring average of 32.4 points per game. Overall, in all of the pro club competitions that he played in, Galis scored a total of 19,795 points, in 589 games played, for a pro club career scoring average of 33.6 points per game.
Career pro club statistics
Greek League season by season scoring stats
(Regular season and postseason)
Season by season scoring stats in European-wide leagues
National team career
Galis first played with the Greece men's national basketball team at the 1980 FIBA European Olympic Qualifying Tournament. He averaged 20.5 points per game at the tournament. His tournament single-game scoring high was 30 points, which came in a game against Switzerland. However, Greece failed to qualify for the 1980 Moscow Summer Olympic Games. At the 1981 EuroBasket, Galis averaged 19.9 points per game. Greece finished the tournament in 9th place. At the 1983 EuroBasket, Galis averaged 33.6 points per game, and he was the tournament's leading scorer. Greece finished the tournament in 11th place.
On 20 November 1983, Galis played in a friendly game against the North Carolina Tar Heels, at The Demetria Tournament '83. The game took place at the Alexandreio Melathron arena. During that game, Galis, who was Greece's shooting guard, was guarded by North Carolina's shooting guard, Michael Jordan. Galis scored 24 points during the game.At the 1984 FIBA European Olympic Qualifying Tournament, Galis averaged 31.6 points per game, and he was the tournament's leading scorer. His tournament single-game scoring high was 45 points, which came in a game against Great Britain. However, Greece failed to qualify for the 1984 Los Angeles Summer Olympic Games.
With Greece, Galis won the bronze medal at the 1984 Balkan Championship. At the 1986 FIBA World Championship, Galis led the tournament in scoring, as he averaged 33.7 points per game. During the tournament, he had a 53-point outburst in a game against Panama. Greece finished the tournament in 10th place. With Greece, Galis won the gold medal at the 1986 Balkan Championship.
Galis next led the Greece national team to the 1987 EuroBasket gold medal. Galis led the tournament in scoring, as he averaged 37.0 points per game. He scored 40 points in the tournament's finals against the Soviet Union national team and its legendary player, Šarūnas Marčiulionis, as he led Greece to a 103–101 victory. He was named the MVP of the tournament.
At the 1988 FIBA European Olympic Qualifying Tournament, Galis averaged 28.4 points per game, and he was the tournament's leading scorer. His tournament single-game scoring high was 35 points, which came in a game against Germany. However, Greece failed to qualify for the 1988 Seoul Summer Olympic Games.
Galis also led Greece to the silver medal at the 1989 EuroBasket, which he led in scoring, with an average of 35.6 points per game. Galis is most remembered from that tournament, for a stunning effort against the Soviet team led by Marčiulionis, and its other star player, Arvydas Sabonis, in their semifinals game. Galis scored 45 out of his team's 81 total points, in a dramatic last-gasp 81–80 victory. The Greek team then settled for a second-place finish, after they lost against the dominant Yugoslav national team, in the tournament's finals.
Galis also represented Greece at the 1991 FIBA Centennial Jubilee, which commemorated the 100th anniversary of the creation of the sport of basketball, by the Canadian James Naismith. The Jubilee tournament took place at the Peace and Friendship Stadium, in Piraeus, Athens, Greece. In three games played during the tournament, Galis averaged 21.0 points per game.
At the 1991 EuroBasket, Galis averaged 32.4 points per game, and he also led the tournament in scoring. In total, Galis was the leading scorer of the EuroBasket four times. He was also a four-time All-EuroBasket Team member.
In total, Galis played in 168 FIBA-recognized games with the Greece national team, in which he scored a total of 5,129 points, for a career scoring average of 30.5 points per game. Galis is in the second place, on the list of the all-time career scoring leaders in the history of Greece's senior national team. Panagiotis Giannakis is in first place on the list.
Greek senior national team career statistics
Greece National Team scoring stats by tournament
Galis' top 10 scoring FIBA games
Highest scoring single games by competition
Player profile
Galis was not only a legendary scorer, he was also a great play maker and passer. The majority of his points scored came inside the paint area, due to his penetrating ability. Galis' mid-range jumper was one of his biggest offensive weapons, as he was able to consistently make it against defensive pressure. Galis' great strength and leaping ability allowed him to have an excellent post game against other guards, despite his short stature, as compared to most other players. Another enormous competitive advantage that Galis possessed was his incredible stamina, which was due to his exemplary physical conditioning. At the 1987 EuroBasket, after the first game of the competition, Galis was never substituted out of any of the tournament's remaining games. His stamina and conditioning led to him being given the nickname of "The Iron Man".
Post-playing career and personal life
Galis is married to Eleni Panagiotou, and he has one daughter, named Stella. Since his official retirement from playing professional club basketball on September 29, 1995, and up until early 2006, Galis was the owner of a summer basketball camp in Chalkidiki, Greece. The basketball camp was listed at the Athens Stock Exchange. As a token of appreciation for his contribution to Greek sport, Galis was chosen to be the first torch bearer, in the final round of the Olympic Flame, for the Athens 2004 Summer Olympics. Galis entered the stadium at the conclusion of the Opening Ceremony, and set off the procession of the flame to the altar.
In September 2007, Galis was inducted as a member of the first class of the FIBA Hall of Fame, which includes the best basketball players in the history of the game internationally. Galis was inducted as a player. Bill Russell, of the famous Boston Celtics dynasty, was another one of the 16 inaugural player inductees. Galis was also entered into the Eurobasket.com website's European Basketball Hall of Fame, inducted as a player.
In May 2013, his former club team Aris Thessaloniki, renamed the court of their home arena, the Alexandreio Melathron, to "Nick Galis Hall". The club also organized a celebration of Galis' life and career, and retired his number 6 Aris jersey. The event was attended by many of his former teammates and opponents, from the 1980s and 1990s. Some of the attendees included the majority of the Greece men's national basketball team's 1987 EuroBasket gold medal-winning team, as well as numerous other international basketball stars who played against Galis over the years, such as Dino Rađja, Jordi Villacampa, and Doron Jamchi, among others.
On April 1, 2017, it was announced that Galis would be inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, as part of the 2017 Hall of Fame class. Galis was later inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, on September 9, 2017. He became one of the very few men's basketball players from around the world, to be inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame, without having ever played in the NBA. On June 14, 2016, exactly 29 years after Greece's national team won the gold medal at the 1987 EuroBasket, the court of the biggest basketball arena in Greece, the OAKA Olympic Indoor Hall, was named the "Nikos Galis Olympic Indoor Hall", in his honour.
Quotes about Galis
"I never thought that there was such a good offensive player in Europe, and especially in Greece.", Michael Jordan
"I've seen Galis do things, that I've seen neither Lakers nor Celtics do.", Bob McAdoo
"I admire him. When he plays one on one, there's no way to stop him. I didn't think that there would ever be a player, who by himself, could cause nightmares and even beat the Soviet Union.", Sergei Belov
"If Galis wants to score, he will score no matter who's defending him.", Arvydas Sabonis
"If I'm The Son of the Devil, then Galis is The Devil himself.", Dražen Petrović
'"I’d like to be on the same team with him, so I could pass to him, and then watch him score a basket.”, Dražen Petrović
"Although Drazen (i.e. Petrović) is my brother, for the best athlete of 1987, I voted for Galis."', Aco Petrović
"Galis is a great player. He is one of the best European players. He was a really tough opponent, he floated in the air, he was one of the best.", Dino Radja
"Petrović and Galis were the most charismatic players I've ever known. "Galis is the only player who made me shudder.", Doron Jamchi
"Everyone who plays basketball, owes Galis money.", Fanis Christodoulou
"If we played together, we would have scored 300 points in every game!", Vassilis Goumas
"The man is a computer! If he had played with us in AEK in the '60s, we would have been undefeated.", Georgios Amerikanos
"A European and Greek basketball changed. It is my honor to play with him. He is the greatest of all time "., Sasha Volkov
"I've seen many players in my career, but what Galis does on the floor, only 2–3 in the world can do.", Audie Norris
"Who wouldn't want to play with Galis? I would definitely give the ball to Galis on the last play. Galis changed basketball in Greece and Europe.", Audie Norris
"Galis wasn't affected by anything. I count him among the five best players of Europe.", Georgios Sigalas
"In Greece, Galis is what Michael Jordan is in America.", Steve Giatzoglou
"Galis is the player of the 21st century.", Alexander Gomelsky, USSR head coach.
"I had nightmares of Galis all night.", Pierre Dao, Limoges head coach.
"I had given specific instructions on how to defend against the other 4 players. As for Nikos, we just had to sit down and pray!", Wojciech Krajewski, Lech Poznan head coach.
"There is only one way I can think of to stop Nikos from scoring. Lock him up in his hotel room, so that he can't come to the arena.", Ruud Harrewijn, Dutch national team head coach.
Awards and accomplishments
Galis won numerous titles and awards during his career and had many memorable single game performances. The following are some of them:
College
Haggerty Award (New York Metro Area Player of the Year): 1979
ECAC Player of the Year: 1979
Member of the Seton Hall Athletic Hall of Fame: 1991
Pro career
Titles:
8× Greek League Champion: 1983, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991
7× Greek Cup Winner: 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993
Greek Super Cup Winner: 1986(In total, he won 16 trophies in his pro club career as a player.)Personal awards and achievements:
11× Greek League Top Scorer: 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991
Greek Super Cup Finals Top Scorer: 1986
3× Greek Male Athlete of the Year: 1986, 1987, 1989
5× Greek Cup Finals Top Scorer: 1987, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993
5× Greek League Finals MVP: 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991
2× FIBA European Selection: 1987, 1991 I
Mediterranean Player of the Year: 1987
Euroscar European Player of the Year: 1987
Mr. Europa European Player of the Year: 1987
L'Équipe Champion of Champions' 10th Best Athlete in the World: 1987
5× FIBA EuroLeague Top Scorer: 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1994
5× Greek League MVP: 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992
4× Greek League Assist Leader: 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994
2× Greek League All-Star (1991, 1994 I)
FIBA EuroLeague Assists Leader: 1994
FIBA EuroLeague All-Final Four Team: (1994)
EuroLeague Final Four all-time career scoring leader: 231 points (28.9 points per game).
Greek Championship (amateur era) all-time career scoring leader: 12,864 points (33.5 points per game) – Vassilis Spanoulis is the league's professional era all-time career scoring leader.
Greek Cup all-time career scoring leader: 1,935 points (35.2 points per game).
FIBA's 50 Greatest Players: 1991
Member of the FIBA Hall of Fame: 2007
50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors: 2008
No. 6 jersey retired by Aris: 2013
Member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame: 2017
101 Greats of European Basketball: 2018
HoopsHype's 75 Greatest International Players Ever: 2021
Greek Basket League Hall of Fame: 2022
Along with Panagiotis Giannakis, he led Aris Thessaloniki to an 80-game winning streak in the Greek League, in the 1980s.
His personal career single-game scoring high in a Greek League game was 62 points, which was achieved in a game on 24 January 1981, during the 1980–81 season (Aris Thessaloniki vs. Ionikos Nikaias). However, in the same game, Ionikos' superstar, Panagiotis Giannakis, who would later go on to become Galis' teammate on Aris, scored 73 points.
His personal career single-game scoring high in the Greek Cup tournament was 52 points against Panellinios Athens, in the 1987 Greek Cup Final (15 April 1987).
His personal career single-game scoring high in a European-wide continental club competition was 56 points against Vasas (5 November 1980), during the 1980–81 season of the FIBA Korać Cup.
His personal career single-game scoring high in the FIBA European Champions' Cup (now called the EuroLeague), was 52 points, which he achieved twice. He scored 52 points versus Oostende in 1986–87 (2 October 1986). He also scored 52 points versus Lech Poznań in 1989–90 (7 December 1989).
In 1993, while playing in the Greek League with Panathinaikos Athens, in a revenge game against his former team Aris Thessaloniki, he had a game for the ages. In the game, Galis made all 13 of his field goal attempts.
4,047 points scored in 125 FIBA EuroLeague games played (32.4 points per game), and 864 points scored in 23 FIBA Korać Cup games played (37.6 points per game).
Greece National Team
1983 EuroBasket: All-Tournament Team
1984 Balkan Championship: Bronze
1986 FIBA World Championship: Top Scorer (33.7 points per game)
1986 Balkan Championship: Gold
1987 EuroBasket: Gold
1989 EuroBasket: Silver
1987 EuroBasket: Most Valuable Player
4× FIBA EuroBasket All-Tournament Team: 1983, 1987, 1989, 1991
4× FIBA EuroBasket Top Scorer: 1983 (33.6 points per game), 1987 (37.0 points per game), 1989 (35.6 points per game), 1991 (32.4 points per game)
2× FIBA European Olympic Qualification Top Scorer: 1984 (31.6 points per game), 1988 (28.4 points per game)
At the 1986 FIBA World Championship, he scored 53 points in a game against Panama.
In the 1987 EuroBasket Finals, he scored 40 points against the Soviet Union.
In the 1989 EuroBasket Semifinals, he scored 45 points against the Soviet Union.
In 168 FIBA-recognized games played with the Greece men's national basketball team, he averaged 30.5 points per game.
Greece men's national basketball team's 2nd all-time career scoring leader (behind Panagiotis Giannakis): 5,167 total points scored, in 169 total games played (30.6 points per game). However, only 5,129 points in 168 games (30.5 points per game), is officially recognized.
Galis was the top scorer in every major European and world international competition that he participated in from 1983 onward: the 1983 EuroBasket, the 1984 FIBA European Olympic Qualification, the 1986 FIBA World Championship, the 1987 EuroBasket, the 1988 FIBA European Olympic Qualification, the 1989 EuroBasket, and the 1991 EuroBasket.
See also
Basketball in the United States
FIBA Europe
Sources
Nikos Galis FIBA Archive official website.
Nikos Galis FIBA Europe official website.
Arbel, Y. , "Iron Man Galis", November 08, 2006, FIBA Europe official website.
Nikos Galis Hellenic Basketball Federation official website (in Greek).
Eurobasket.com's HALL OF FAME.
Rabotas, G. (2003). Nikos Galis, A Legend like I have known him. Athens: Psychogios. ISBN 960-87979-0-5.
BASKET ARIS – Unofficial fan site dedicated to ARIS B.C.
Notes
References
External links
Twitter Account (in Greek)
NBA Draft Profile
Nikos Galis FIBA Hall of Fame Profile
Euroleague.net 50 Greatest Contributors
FIBA Profile
Galis FIBA Europe Profile
Hellenic Basketball Federation Profile (in Greek)
Interbasket.net Galis Profile
FIBAEurope.com Galis Story
Euroleague.net A scoring machine
101 Greats: Nikos Galis
Τα “κανόνια” του ελληνικού Πρωταθλήματος: Νίκος Γκάλης (in Greek)
Nick Galis Unofficial Website
GrHomeBoy.com Galis Inducted into FIBA Hall of Fame
Books.Google.com Seton Hall Pirates Nick Galis
SHUPPirates.com Seton Hall – Galis
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Nikolaos Georgalis (Greek: Νικόλαος Γεωργαλής; born July 23, 1957), commonly known as either Nikos Galis (Greek: Νίκος Γκάλης), or Nick Galis, is a Greek former professional basketball player. Galis, who during his playing days was nicknamed, "Nick The Greek", "The Gangster", and "The Iron Man", is widely regarded as Europe's greatest scorer to ever play the game, and as one of the all-time greatest players in FIBA international basketball history. In 1991, Galis was named one of FIBA's 50 Greatest Players. In 2007, he became an inaugural member of the FIBA Hall of Fame. In 2008, he was chosen as one of the 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors. In 2017, he was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.During his college basketball career at Seton Hall University, Galis played at the point guard position. However, his primary position during his pro career was shooting guard. He spent most of his club playing career with Aris Thessaloniki, before having a late career stint with Panathinaikos Athens. Among qualified players, he is the EuroLeague's all-time leader in points per game scoring average, when counting both the FIBA and EuroLeague Basketball eras (1958–present). He was also the league's top scorer of the season, numerous times. In Europe's premier basketball club competition, he reached the EuroLeague Final Four on four occasions, making it in three consecutive years with Aris (1988, 1989, 1990), and in another year with Panathinaikos (1994). Galis won eight Greek league championships, and he is also the Greek Championship's amateur era all-time leading scorer, in both career points scored and career scoring average, when counting all league formats prior to the league becoming fully professional, in the 1992–93 season.
Galis led the Greece men's national basketball team to the EuroBasket's gold medal in 1987, and he earned the tournament's MVP award in the process. Following his stunning success in winning the 1987 EuroBasket title, Galis won both the Mr. Europa and the Euroscar player of the year awards. He also led Greece to a silver medal at the 1989 EuroBasket, where he was also selected to the All-EuroBasket Team. Overall during his national team career, he was named to the All-EuroBasket Team four times (1983, 1987, 1989, 1991). Among his myriad of accomplishments, he holds the EuroBasket's record for the highest career scoring average (31.2 points per game), and he was also the leading scorer of four EuroBasket tournaments, in 1983, 1987, 1989, and 1991. Galis also owns two major records of the FIBA World Championship/Cup tournament. He holds the records for the highest career scoring average (33.5 points per game), and the most total points ever scored in a single tournament, which he set at the 1986 FIBA World Championship.
Galis, who was named the Greek Male Athlete of the Year three times (1986, 1987, 1989), is highly revered in Greece, where he is considered by many to be one of the greatest national athletes that the country has ever had. His years with Aris Thessaloniki and the Greece national team, lifted Greek basketball from a place of relative obscurity, to both European and global power status. Galis was the sports icon that eventually inspired thousands of Greeks to take up playing the game of basketball.
Early life and high school
Galis was born in Union City, New Jersey. The child of a poor immigrant family, from the Greek islands of Rhodes and Nisyros, Galis took up boxing in his early years, after his father, George Georgalis, who had also been a boxer in his youth. He was later persuaded to give up boxing by his mother, Stella Georgalis, who was terrified after each time that her son would return home from boxing training with a new facial injury. As a result, Galis started playing the sport of basketball instead of boxing. He attended Union Hill High School, in Union City, where he played high school basketball for legendary coach William J. McKeever , as well as American football.
College career
After high school, Galis enrolled at Seton Hall University, where he played college basketball as a member of the Seton Hall Pirates. In his senior 1978–79 season, Galis saw his scoring average reach 27.5 points per game, which was third in the nation, behind Idaho State's Lawrence Butler (30.1 points per game) and Indiana State's Larry Bird (28.6 points per game), including a 48-point outburst against the University of Santa Clara.Also in his senior year of college, Galis won the Haggerty Award (the New York City metro area's best player award), and the Eastern College Athletic Conference Player of the Year award. The same year, he also played in the Pizza Hut All-American game, alongside Bird and Vinnie Johnson. During his four-year college career, Galis played in a total of 107 games and scored 1,651 points, for a career scoring average of 15.4 points per game.Galis' head coach at Seton Hall, Bill Raftery, would later state that Galis was the best player that he ever coached. While at Seton Hall, Galis was a good friend and roommate of Italian-American professional basketball player Dan Callandrillo. Galis was later inducted into the Seton Hall Athletic Hall of Fame, in 1991.
College stats
Professional career
Boston Celtics
After finishing his collegiate career in 1979, Galis signed with agent Bill Manon, who also managed Diana Ross. Manon did not have Galis work out with any NBA team. Galis was eventually selected by the Boston Celtics in the 4th round of the 1979 NBA draft, 68th overall. Due to a severe ankle injury that Galis suffered during the Celtics preseason training camp of the 1979–80 season, the franchise was no longer interested in offering him a contract because Gerald Henderson had taken his place on the team, and his injury would keep him out for the foreseeable future.
Galis then decided to pursue a professional career in Greece's top-tier level Basket League. Later, while still playing in Greece, he would be offered NBA contracts by the Celtics and the New Jersey Nets. However, he turned the offers down, because at the time, and until 1989, FIBA did not have professional status, and consequently did not allow NBA players to compete at the national team level. Since playing with the Greek men's national basketball team meant so much to him, he stayed in Greece. Celtics then-president Red Auerbach later said that the single biggest mistake he ever made in his career was not keeping Galis.
Aris Thessaloniki
After suffering an ankle injury in the Boston Celtics 1979–80 preseason training camp, which prevented him from receiving a contract with the Celtics, Galis made the move across the Atlantic, and signed to play with Aris Thessaloniki of Greece, in 1979. The two major Greek clubs of Panathinaikos Athens and Olympiacos Piraeus, had also shown some interest in signing him, but it was Aris Thessaloniki's interest that was the most persuasive to Galis. His move to the country would eventually help Greek club basketball to reach a level of popularity that had never been previously imagined.
Galis was the indisputable leader of Aris Thessaloniki, as he averaged more than 30 points per game in nearly every season and competition that he played in with the team. With Aris Thessaloniki, he played alongside other great European players like Panagiotis Giannakis and Slobodan Subotić, who was known in Greece as Lefteris Soumpotits. With Aris Thessaloniki, Galis won eight Greek League championships, in the years 1983, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991. He won seven out of his eight Greek League championships in consecutive years, with three of those championships being won in undefeated seasons. He also won six Greek Cup titles with Aris Thessaloniki, in the years 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1992. Four of his six Greek Cup titles were won in consecutive years.
In the top-level European-wide club competition, the FIBA European Champions' Cup (EuroLeague), Galis led Aris Thessaloniki to three consecutive appearances at the competition's Final Four. Galis' team played at the 1988 Ghent Final Four, the 1989 Munich Final Four, and the 1990 Zaragoza Final Four. In the one major disappointment of an otherwise glittering club career with Aris Thessaloniki, all three of Galis' FIBA European Champions' Cup Final Four appearances ended in losses in the semifinals. Which thus deprived him of the opportunity to shine all the way onto Europe's biggest club stage, at the FIBA European Champions' Cup Finals (EuroLeague Finals). However, the team's performances and general standard of play, won over the hearts of most basketball fans in Greece. In fact, cinemas and theaters in Greece would often reduce their ticket admission prices on Thursday evenings, when Aris Thessaloniki was playing games, as large segments of the country settled down to watch them on television.
In June 1991, Galis was chosen as a member of The Balkans Selection All-Star Team that played against The European Selection All-Star Team at the 1991 FIBA Centennial Jubilee. The 1991 FIBA Jubilee event was held in order to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the creation of the sport of basketball in 1891, by the Canadian James Naismith. The FIBA Jubilee All-Star Game took place at the Peace and Friendship Stadium, in Piraeus, Athens, Greece, and it included numerous legends of European basketball. The Balkans' All-Star Selection won the game, by a score of 103–102. Galis was the game's top scorer, with 20 points.
On 19 December 1991, in one of his final FIBA EuroLeague games with Aris Thessaloniki, Galis rolled back the clock. At the age of 34, he scored 46 points, on 13/20 field goals overall, 8/14 2-point field goals, 5/6 3-point field goals, and 15/18 free throws, in a 111–108 loss against the Italian League club Olimpia Milano. However, Aris Thessaloniki's 1991–92 FIBA EuroLeague season was a disappointment, as the club finished group stage play with a record of 3–11.
Also in that same 1991–92 season, in a Greek League game against Panionios Athens, Galis scored 48 points, on 17/21 field goals overall, 15/18 2-point field goals, 2/3 3-point field goals, and 12/13 free throws. However, Aris Thessaloniki failed to make it to the 1992 Greek League's Finals. It was the first time that the team had not won the Greek League championship, since 1984.
Eventually, the 1991–92 season ended up being Galis' final campaign with Aris Thessaloniki. At that time, the team was under new management and was trying to bring down the club's debts. That combined with Galis' huge salary for that time, and the fact that the team was in a period of decline, were the main causes for his departure. Galis, who adored the city of Thessaloniki and Aris' fans, had originally insisted on remaining in the club and playing for the team, as he believed that he still had a lot to offer the club. Ultimately however, Galis was forced to leave the club. In his last game for the club, Galis scored 18 points (6/9, 6/9, 0/2) as Aris beat AEK 74–62 to win yet another Greek Cup title in 1992.
Panathinaikos Athens
Galis moved to Athens, in the summer of 1992, to play with Panathinaikos. He was the player who then led the "Greens" to a club rebirth, after it had suffered through a long drought period, during which the historical team had remained without winning any titles. The previous season (1991–92) had been particularly disappointing for the club, with the team finishing in eighth place in the Greek league. As the team's captain, Galis inspired the young players of Panathinaikos Athens, such as Fragiskos Alvertis and Nikos Oikonomou, and he gradually brought back hope to the team's fans. So much so, as to the point that the club's then home arena, Glyfada Indoor Hall, was always overcrowded. In that season (1992–93), Panathinaikos Athens finished in second place in the Greek league, and also won the Greek Cup title, which was the seventh Greek Cup title for Galis.
In the following 1993–94 season, Galis was the FIBA European League (EuroLeague)'s Top Scorer, with an average of 23.8 points per game, in 21 games played. He also led the league in assists, with an average of 4.7 assists per game. In Panathinaikos Athens' decisive Game 3 victory of the FIBA European League's quarterfinals, against the then reigning league champions, the French League club Limoges, Galis truly led Panathinaikos Athens into a new club era. Galis led Panathinaikos Athens' qualification to the 1994 Tel Aviv FIBA European League Final Four, by scoring 30 points in the deciding playoff game, on 12–16 (75%) field goal shooting in the game. The "Greens" eventually finished in third place in the FIBA European League that season, after they lost in the semifinals to their arch-rivals Olympiacos Piraeus, by a score of 77–72.
However, it was still the furthest that the club had reached in the competition since the 1971–72 season. Galis scored 30 points in Panathinaikos Athens' win in the Final Four's third place game against the Spanish League club FC Barcelona, as he led all scorers in the game, with 30 points. Galis was named to the All-Final Four Team.
In what proved to be one of his final games for Panathinaikos, during the 3rd/4th place playoff series against Panionios in May 1994, Galis went scoreless in a game for the first time in his professional career in Greece, ending game 2 (which Panathinaikos lost 93–71) with 0/4 two-point shots from 29 minutes' play. Galis rallied to score 18 and 22 points in games 3 and 4, both of which Panathinaikos won to seal 3rd spot and a place in the FIBA European League for the following season.
In his third season with Panthinaikos Athens (1994–95), Galis teamed up with Panagiotis Giannakis and Žarko Paspalj, to make a strong effort to win the championship of the FIBA European League. Galis was the player who led Panathinaikos Athens to the competition's Top 16 group stage, as he prevented their elimination from the competition against the Ukrainian Super League club Budivelnyk Kyiv, with a game-high of 23 points in the club's decisive second-leg game victory. Galis was also the leader of the team in their Greek Cup win against Olympiacos Piraeus, at the Sporting Sports Arena.
At the age of 37, Galis played in his last game in professional basketball, as a player of Panathinaikos Athens, on October 12, 1994. It was in a game against Dafni Athens, in Week 1 of the Greek League's 1994–95 season. In that game, Galis scored a total of 8 points (2/2, 3/3), in 35 minutes of playing time. Panathinaikos Athens won the game in a blowout, by a score of 82–60.
Galis' playing career then ended controversially, on October 18, 1994, before Panathinaikos Athens' Week 2 game of the Greek League's 1994–95 season. Kostas Politis, who was the head coach of Panathinaikos Athens at the time, decided not to include Galis in the team's starting line-up of that Greek League game versus Ampelokipoi Athens. In protest against the head coach's decision, Galis left the arena, and ultimately, he never returned to playing action again. His retirement was officially announced in the media, on September 29, 1995.
During his pro club basketball career, Galis scored a total of 12,864 points, in 384 Greek Basket League games played, for a career scoring average of 33.5 points per game. In the 55 career Greek Cup games in which he played, he scored a total of 1,935 points, for a career scoring average of 35.2 points per game. He also averaged 42.5 points per game, in the two Greek Super Cup games that he played in. He scored a total of 864 points, in 23 FIBA Korać Cup games, for a career scoring average of 37.6 points per game. In the FIBA EuroLeague, he scored a total of 4,047 points, in 125 games played, for a career scoring average of 32.4 points per game. Overall, in all of the pro club competitions that he played in, Galis scored a total of 19,795 points, in 589 games played, for a pro club career scoring average of 33.6 points per game.
Career pro club statistics
Greek League season by season scoring stats
(Regular season and postseason)
Season by season scoring stats in European-wide leagues
National team career
Galis first played with the Greece men's national basketball team at the 1980 FIBA European Olympic Qualifying Tournament. He averaged 20.5 points per game at the tournament. His tournament single-game scoring high was 30 points, which came in a game against Switzerland. However, Greece failed to qualify for the 1980 Moscow Summer Olympic Games. At the 1981 EuroBasket, Galis averaged 19.9 points per game. Greece finished the tournament in 9th place. At the 1983 EuroBasket, Galis averaged 33.6 points per game, and he was the tournament's leading scorer. Greece finished the tournament in 11th place.
On 20 November 1983, Galis played in a friendly game against the North Carolina Tar Heels, at The Demetria Tournament '83. The game took place at the Alexandreio Melathron arena. During that game, Galis, who was Greece's shooting guard, was guarded by North Carolina's shooting guard, Michael Jordan. Galis scored 24 points during the game.At the 1984 FIBA European Olympic Qualifying Tournament, Galis averaged 31.6 points per game, and he was the tournament's leading scorer. His tournament single-game scoring high was 45 points, which came in a game against Great Britain. However, Greece failed to qualify for the 1984 Los Angeles Summer Olympic Games.
With Greece, Galis won the bronze medal at the 1984 Balkan Championship. At the 1986 FIBA World Championship, Galis led the tournament in scoring, as he averaged 33.7 points per game. During the tournament, he had a 53-point outburst in a game against Panama. Greece finished the tournament in 10th place. With Greece, Galis won the gold medal at the 1986 Balkan Championship.
Galis next led the Greece national team to the 1987 EuroBasket gold medal. Galis led the tournament in scoring, as he averaged 37.0 points per game. He scored 40 points in the tournament's finals against the Soviet Union national team and its legendary player, Šarūnas Marčiulionis, as he led Greece to a 103–101 victory. He was named the MVP of the tournament.
At the 1988 FIBA European Olympic Qualifying Tournament, Galis averaged 28.4 points per game, and he was the tournament's leading scorer. His tournament single-game scoring high was 35 points, which came in a game against Germany. However, Greece failed to qualify for the 1988 Seoul Summer Olympic Games.
Galis also led Greece to the silver medal at the 1989 EuroBasket, which he led in scoring, with an average of 35.6 points per game. Galis is most remembered from that tournament, for a stunning effort against the Soviet team led by Marčiulionis, and its other star player, Arvydas Sabonis, in their semifinals game. Galis scored 45 out of his team's 81 total points, in a dramatic last-gasp 81–80 victory. The Greek team then settled for a second-place finish, after they lost against the dominant Yugoslav national team, in the tournament's finals.
Galis also represented Greece at the 1991 FIBA Centennial Jubilee, which commemorated the 100th anniversary of the creation of the sport of basketball, by the Canadian James Naismith. The Jubilee tournament took place at the Peace and Friendship Stadium, in Piraeus, Athens, Greece. In three games played during the tournament, Galis averaged 21.0 points per game.
At the 1991 EuroBasket, Galis averaged 32.4 points per game, and he also led the tournament in scoring. In total, Galis was the leading scorer of the EuroBasket four times. He was also a four-time All-EuroBasket Team member.
In total, Galis played in 168 FIBA-recognized games with the Greece national team, in which he scored a total of 5,129 points, for a career scoring average of 30.5 points per game. Galis is in the second place, on the list of the all-time career scoring leaders in the history of Greece's senior national team. Panagiotis Giannakis is in first place on the list.
Greek senior national team career statistics
Greece National Team scoring stats by tournament
Galis' top 10 scoring FIBA games
Highest scoring single games by competition
Player profile
Galis was not only a legendary scorer, he was also a great play maker and passer. The majority of his points scored came inside the paint area, due to his penetrating ability. Galis' mid-range jumper was one of his biggest offensive weapons, as he was able to consistently make it against defensive pressure. Galis' great strength and leaping ability allowed him to have an excellent post game against other guards, despite his short stature, as compared to most other players. Another enormous competitive advantage that Galis possessed was his incredible stamina, which was due to his exemplary physical conditioning. At the 1987 EuroBasket, after the first game of the competition, Galis was never substituted out of any of the tournament's remaining games. His stamina and conditioning led to him being given the nickname of "The Iron Man".
Post-playing career and personal life
Galis is married to Eleni Panagiotou, and he has one daughter, named Stella. Since his official retirement from playing professional club basketball on September 29, 1995, and up until early 2006, Galis was the owner of a summer basketball camp in Chalkidiki, Greece. The basketball camp was listed at the Athens Stock Exchange. As a token of appreciation for his contribution to Greek sport, Galis was chosen to be the first torch bearer, in the final round of the Olympic Flame, for the Athens 2004 Summer Olympics. Galis entered the stadium at the conclusion of the Opening Ceremony, and set off the procession of the flame to the altar.
In September 2007, Galis was inducted as a member of the first class of the FIBA Hall of Fame, which includes the best basketball players in the history of the game internationally. Galis was inducted as a player. Bill Russell, of the famous Boston Celtics dynasty, was another one of the 16 inaugural player inductees. Galis was also entered into the Eurobasket.com website's European Basketball Hall of Fame, inducted as a player.
In May 2013, his former club team Aris Thessaloniki, renamed the court of their home arena, the Alexandreio Melathron, to "Nick Galis Hall". The club also organized a celebration of Galis' life and career, and retired his number 6 Aris jersey. The event was attended by many of his former teammates and opponents, from the 1980s and 1990s. Some of the attendees included the majority of the Greece men's national basketball team's 1987 EuroBasket gold medal-winning team, as well as numerous other international basketball stars who played against Galis over the years, such as Dino Rađja, Jordi Villacampa, and Doron Jamchi, among others.
On April 1, 2017, it was announced that Galis would be inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, as part of the 2017 Hall of Fame class. Galis was later inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, on September 9, 2017. He became one of the very few men's basketball players from around the world, to be inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame, without having ever played in the NBA. On June 14, 2016, exactly 29 years after Greece's national team won the gold medal at the 1987 EuroBasket, the court of the biggest basketball arena in Greece, the OAKA Olympic Indoor Hall, was named the "Nikos Galis Olympic Indoor Hall", in his honour.
Quotes about Galis
"I never thought that there was such a good offensive player in Europe, and especially in Greece.", Michael Jordan
"I've seen Galis do things, that I've seen neither Lakers nor Celtics do.", Bob McAdoo
"I admire him. When he plays one on one, there's no way to stop him. I didn't think that there would ever be a player, who by himself, could cause nightmares and even beat the Soviet Union.", Sergei Belov
"If Galis wants to score, he will score no matter who's defending him.", Arvydas Sabonis
"If I'm The Son of the Devil, then Galis is The Devil himself.", Dražen Petrović
'"I’d like to be on the same team with him, so I could pass to him, and then watch him score a basket.”, Dražen Petrović
"Although Drazen (i.e. Petrović) is my brother, for the best athlete of 1987, I voted for Galis."', Aco Petrović
"Galis is a great player. He is one of the best European players. He was a really tough opponent, he floated in the air, he was one of the best.", Dino Radja
"Petrović and Galis were the most charismatic players I've ever known. "Galis is the only player who made me shudder.", Doron Jamchi
"Everyone who plays basketball, owes Galis money.", Fanis Christodoulou
"If we played together, we would have scored 300 points in every game!", Vassilis Goumas
"The man is a computer! If he had played with us in AEK in the '60s, we would have been undefeated.", Georgios Amerikanos
"A European and Greek basketball changed. It is my honor to play with him. He is the greatest of all time "., Sasha Volkov
"I've seen many players in my career, but what Galis does on the floor, only 2–3 in the world can do.", Audie Norris
"Who wouldn't want to play with Galis? I would definitely give the ball to Galis on the last play. Galis changed basketball in Greece and Europe.", Audie Norris
"Galis wasn't affected by anything. I count him among the five best players of Europe.", Georgios Sigalas
"In Greece, Galis is what Michael Jordan is in America.", Steve Giatzoglou
"Galis is the player of the 21st century.", Alexander Gomelsky, USSR head coach.
"I had nightmares of Galis all night.", Pierre Dao, Limoges head coach.
"I had given specific instructions on how to defend against the other 4 players. As for Nikos, we just had to sit down and pray!", Wojciech Krajewski, Lech Poznan head coach.
"There is only one way I can think of to stop Nikos from scoring. Lock him up in his hotel room, so that he can't come to the arena.", Ruud Harrewijn, Dutch national team head coach.
Awards and accomplishments
Galis won numerous titles and awards during his career and had many memorable single game performances. The following are some of them:
College
Haggerty Award (New York Metro Area Player of the Year): 1979
ECAC Player of the Year: 1979
Member of the Seton Hall Athletic Hall of Fame: 1991
Pro career
Titles:
8× Greek League Champion: 1983, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991
7× Greek Cup Winner: 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993
Greek Super Cup Winner: 1986(In total, he won 16 trophies in his pro club career as a player.)Personal awards and achievements:
11× Greek League Top Scorer: 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991
Greek Super Cup Finals Top Scorer: 1986
3× Greek Male Athlete of the Year: 1986, 1987, 1989
5× Greek Cup Finals Top Scorer: 1987, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993
5× Greek League Finals MVP: 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991
2× FIBA European Selection: 1987, 1991 I
Mediterranean Player of the Year: 1987
Euroscar European Player of the Year: 1987
Mr. Europa European Player of the Year: 1987
L'Équipe Champion of Champions' 10th Best Athlete in the World: 1987
5× FIBA EuroLeague Top Scorer: 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1994
5× Greek League MVP: 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992
4× Greek League Assist Leader: 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994
2× Greek League All-Star (1991, 1994 I)
FIBA EuroLeague Assists Leader: 1994
FIBA EuroLeague All-Final Four Team: (1994)
EuroLeague Final Four all-time career scoring leader: 231 points (28.9 points per game).
Greek Championship (amateur era) all-time career scoring leader: 12,864 points (33.5 points per game) – Vassilis Spanoulis is the league's professional era all-time career scoring leader.
Greek Cup all-time career scoring leader: 1,935 points (35.2 points per game).
FIBA's 50 Greatest Players: 1991
Member of the FIBA Hall of Fame: 2007
50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors: 2008
No. 6 jersey retired by Aris: 2013
Member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame: 2017
101 Greats of European Basketball: 2018
HoopsHype's 75 Greatest International Players Ever: 2021
Greek Basket League Hall of Fame: 2022
Along with Panagiotis Giannakis, he led Aris Thessaloniki to an 80-game winning streak in the Greek League, in the 1980s.
His personal career single-game scoring high in a Greek League game was 62 points, which was achieved in a game on 24 January 1981, during the 1980–81 season (Aris Thessaloniki vs. Ionikos Nikaias). However, in the same game, Ionikos' superstar, Panagiotis Giannakis, who would later go on to become Galis' teammate on Aris, scored 73 points.
His personal career single-game scoring high in the Greek Cup tournament was 52 points against Panellinios Athens, in the 1987 Greek Cup Final (15 April 1987).
His personal career single-game scoring high in a European-wide continental club competition was 56 points against Vasas (5 November 1980), during the 1980–81 season of the FIBA Korać Cup.
His personal career single-game scoring high in the FIBA European Champions' Cup (now called the EuroLeague), was 52 points, which he achieved twice. He scored 52 points versus Oostende in 1986–87 (2 October 1986). He also scored 52 points versus Lech Poznań in 1989–90 (7 December 1989).
In 1993, while playing in the Greek League with Panathinaikos Athens, in a revenge game against his former team Aris Thessaloniki, he had a game for the ages. In the game, Galis made all 13 of his field goal attempts.
4,047 points scored in 125 FIBA EuroLeague games played (32.4 points per game), and 864 points scored in 23 FIBA Korać Cup games played (37.6 points per game).
Greece National Team
1983 EuroBasket: All-Tournament Team
1984 Balkan Championship: Bronze
1986 FIBA World Championship: Top Scorer (33.7 points per game)
1986 Balkan Championship: Gold
1987 EuroBasket: Gold
1989 EuroBasket: Silver
1987 EuroBasket: Most Valuable Player
4× FIBA EuroBasket All-Tournament Team: 1983, 1987, 1989, 1991
4× FIBA EuroBasket Top Scorer: 1983 (33.6 points per game), 1987 (37.0 points per game), 1989 (35.6 points per game), 1991 (32.4 points per game)
2× FIBA European Olympic Qualification Top Scorer: 1984 (31.6 points per game), 1988 (28.4 points per game)
At the 1986 FIBA World Championship, he scored 53 points in a game against Panama.
In the 1987 EuroBasket Finals, he scored 40 points against the Soviet Union.
In the 1989 EuroBasket Semifinals, he scored 45 points against the Soviet Union.
In 168 FIBA-recognized games played with the Greece men's national basketball team, he averaged 30.5 points per game.
Greece men's national basketball team's 2nd all-time career scoring leader (behind Panagiotis Giannakis): 5,167 total points scored, in 169 total games played (30.6 points per game). However, only 5,129 points in 168 games (30.5 points per game), is officially recognized.
Galis was the top scorer in every major European and world international competition that he participated in from 1983 onward: the 1983 EuroBasket, the 1984 FIBA European Olympic Qualification, the 1986 FIBA World Championship, the 1987 EuroBasket, the 1988 FIBA European Olympic Qualification, the 1989 EuroBasket, and the 1991 EuroBasket.
See also
Basketball in the United States
FIBA Europe
Sources
Nikos Galis FIBA Archive official website.
Nikos Galis FIBA Europe official website.
Arbel, Y. , "Iron Man Galis", November 08, 2006, FIBA Europe official website.
Nikos Galis Hellenic Basketball Federation official website (in Greek).
Eurobasket.com's HALL OF FAME.
Rabotas, G. (2003). Nikos Galis, A Legend like I have known him. Athens: Psychogios. ISBN 960-87979-0-5.
BASKET ARIS – Unofficial fan site dedicated to ARIS B.C.
Notes
References
External links
Twitter Account (in Greek)
NBA Draft Profile
Nikos Galis FIBA Hall of Fame Profile
Euroleague.net 50 Greatest Contributors
FIBA Profile
Galis FIBA Europe Profile
Hellenic Basketball Federation Profile (in Greek)
Interbasket.net Galis Profile
FIBAEurope.com Galis Story
Euroleague.net A scoring machine
101 Greats: Nikos Galis
Τα “κανόνια” του ελληνικού Πρωταθλήματος: Νίκος Γκάλης (in Greek)
Nick Galis Unofficial Website
GrHomeBoy.com Galis Inducted into FIBA Hall of Fame
Books.Google.com Seton Hall Pirates Nick Galis
SHUPPirates.com Seton Hall – Galis
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Nikolaos Georgalis (Greek: Νικόλαος Γεωργαλής; born July 23, 1957), commonly known as either Nikos Galis (Greek: Νίκος Γκάλης), or Nick Galis, is a Greek former professional basketball player. Galis, who during his playing days was nicknamed, "Nick The Greek", "The Gangster", and "The Iron Man", is widely regarded as Europe's greatest scorer to ever play the game, and as one of the all-time greatest players in FIBA international basketball history. In 1991, Galis was named one of FIBA's 50 Greatest Players. In 2007, he became an inaugural member of the FIBA Hall of Fame. In 2008, he was chosen as one of the 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors. In 2017, he was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.During his college basketball career at Seton Hall University, Galis played at the point guard position. However, his primary position during his pro career was shooting guard. He spent most of his club playing career with Aris Thessaloniki, before having a late career stint with Panathinaikos Athens. Among qualified players, he is the EuroLeague's all-time leader in points per game scoring average, when counting both the FIBA and EuroLeague Basketball eras (1958–present). He was also the league's top scorer of the season, numerous times. In Europe's premier basketball club competition, he reached the EuroLeague Final Four on four occasions, making it in three consecutive years with Aris (1988, 1989, 1990), and in another year with Panathinaikos (1994). Galis won eight Greek league championships, and he is also the Greek Championship's amateur era all-time leading scorer, in both career points scored and career scoring average, when counting all league formats prior to the league becoming fully professional, in the 1992–93 season.
Galis led the Greece men's national basketball team to the EuroBasket's gold medal in 1987, and he earned the tournament's MVP award in the process. Following his stunning success in winning the 1987 EuroBasket title, Galis won both the Mr. Europa and the Euroscar player of the year awards. He also led Greece to a silver medal at the 1989 EuroBasket, where he was also selected to the All-EuroBasket Team. Overall during his national team career, he was named to the All-EuroBasket Team four times (1983, 1987, 1989, 1991). Among his myriad of accomplishments, he holds the EuroBasket's record for the highest career scoring average (31.2 points per game), and he was also the leading scorer of four EuroBasket tournaments, in 1983, 1987, 1989, and 1991. Galis also owns two major records of the FIBA World Championship/Cup tournament. He holds the records for the highest career scoring average (33.5 points per game), and the most total points ever scored in a single tournament, which he set at the 1986 FIBA World Championship.
Galis, who was named the Greek Male Athlete of the Year three times (1986, 1987, 1989), is highly revered in Greece, where he is considered by many to be one of the greatest national athletes that the country has ever had. His years with Aris Thessaloniki and the Greece national team, lifted Greek basketball from a place of relative obscurity, to both European and global power status. Galis was the sports icon that eventually inspired thousands of Greeks to take up playing the game of basketball.
Early life and high school
Galis was born in Union City, New Jersey. The child of a poor immigrant family, from the Greek islands of Rhodes and Nisyros, Galis took up boxing in his early years, after his father, George Georgalis, who had also been a boxer in his youth. He was later persuaded to give up boxing by his mother, Stella Georgalis, who was terrified after each time that her son would return home from boxing training with a new facial injury. As a result, Galis started playing the sport of basketball instead of boxing. He attended Union Hill High School, in Union City, where he played high school basketball for legendary coach William J. McKeever , as well as American football.
College career
After high school, Galis enrolled at Seton Hall University, where he played college basketball as a member of the Seton Hall Pirates. In his senior 1978–79 season, Galis saw his scoring average reach 27.5 points per game, which was third in the nation, behind Idaho State's Lawrence Butler (30.1 points per game) and Indiana State's Larry Bird (28.6 points per game), including a 48-point outburst against the University of Santa Clara.Also in his senior year of college, Galis won the Haggerty Award (the New York City metro area's best player award), and the Eastern College Athletic Conference Player of the Year award. The same year, he also played in the Pizza Hut All-American game, alongside Bird and Vinnie Johnson. During his four-year college career, Galis played in a total of 107 games and scored 1,651 points, for a career scoring average of 15.4 points per game.Galis' head coach at Seton Hall, Bill Raftery, would later state that Galis was the best player that he ever coached. While at Seton Hall, Galis was a good friend and roommate of Italian-American professional basketball player Dan Callandrillo. Galis was later inducted into the Seton Hall Athletic Hall of Fame, in 1991.
College stats
Professional career
Boston Celtics
After finishing his collegiate career in 1979, Galis signed with agent Bill Manon, who also managed Diana Ross. Manon did not have Galis work out with any NBA team. Galis was eventually selected by the Boston Celtics in the 4th round of the 1979 NBA draft, 68th overall. Due to a severe ankle injury that Galis suffered during the Celtics preseason training camp of the 1979–80 season, the franchise was no longer interested in offering him a contract because Gerald Henderson had taken his place on the team, and his injury would keep him out for the foreseeable future.
Galis then decided to pursue a professional career in Greece's top-tier level Basket League. Later, while still playing in Greece, he would be offered NBA contracts by the Celtics and the New Jersey Nets. However, he turned the offers down, because at the time, and until 1989, FIBA did not have professional status, and consequently did not allow NBA players to compete at the national team level. Since playing with the Greek men's national basketball team meant so much to him, he stayed in Greece. Celtics then-president Red Auerbach later said that the single biggest mistake he ever made in his career was not keeping Galis.
Aris Thessaloniki
After suffering an ankle injury in the Boston Celtics 1979–80 preseason training camp, which prevented him from receiving a contract with the Celtics, Galis made the move across the Atlantic, and signed to play with Aris Thessaloniki of Greece, in 1979. The two major Greek clubs of Panathinaikos Athens and Olympiacos Piraeus, had also shown some interest in signing him, but it was Aris Thessaloniki's interest that was the most persuasive to Galis. His move to the country would eventually help Greek club basketball to reach a level of popularity that had never been previously imagined.
Galis was the indisputable leader of Aris Thessaloniki, as he averaged more than 30 points per game in nearly every season and competition that he played in with the team. With Aris Thessaloniki, he played alongside other great European players like Panagiotis Giannakis and Slobodan Subotić, who was known in Greece as Lefteris Soumpotits. With Aris Thessaloniki, Galis won eight Greek League championships, in the years 1983, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991. He won seven out of his eight Greek League championships in consecutive years, with three of those championships being won in undefeated seasons. He also won six Greek Cup titles with Aris Thessaloniki, in the years 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1992. Four of his six Greek Cup titles were won in consecutive years.
In the top-level European-wide club competition, the FIBA European Champions' Cup (EuroLeague), Galis led Aris Thessaloniki to three consecutive appearances at the competition's Final Four. Galis' team played at the 1988 Ghent Final Four, the 1989 Munich Final Four, and the 1990 Zaragoza Final Four. In the one major disappointment of an otherwise glittering club career with Aris Thessaloniki, all three of Galis' FIBA European Champions' Cup Final Four appearances ended in losses in the semifinals. Which thus deprived him of the opportunity to shine all the way onto Europe's biggest club stage, at the FIBA European Champions' Cup Finals (EuroLeague Finals). However, the team's performances and general standard of play, won over the hearts of most basketball fans in Greece. In fact, cinemas and theaters in Greece would often reduce their ticket admission prices on Thursday evenings, when Aris Thessaloniki was playing games, as large segments of the country settled down to watch them on television.
In June 1991, Galis was chosen as a member of The Balkans Selection All-Star Team that played against The European Selection All-Star Team at the 1991 FIBA Centennial Jubilee. The 1991 FIBA Jubilee event was held in order to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the creation of the sport of basketball in 1891, by the Canadian James Naismith. The FIBA Jubilee All-Star Game took place at the Peace and Friendship Stadium, in Piraeus, Athens, Greece, and it included numerous legends of European basketball. The Balkans' All-Star Selection won the game, by a score of 103–102. Galis was the game's top scorer, with 20 points.
On 19 December 1991, in one of his final FIBA EuroLeague games with Aris Thessaloniki, Galis rolled back the clock. At the age of 34, he scored 46 points, on 13/20 field goals overall, 8/14 2-point field goals, 5/6 3-point field goals, and 15/18 free throws, in a 111–108 loss against the Italian League club Olimpia Milano. However, Aris Thessaloniki's 1991–92 FIBA EuroLeague season was a disappointment, as the club finished group stage play with a record of 3–11.
Also in that same 1991–92 season, in a Greek League game against Panionios Athens, Galis scored 48 points, on 17/21 field goals overall, 15/18 2-point field goals, 2/3 3-point field goals, and 12/13 free throws. However, Aris Thessaloniki failed to make it to the 1992 Greek League's Finals. It was the first time that the team had not won the Greek League championship, since 1984.
Eventually, the 1991–92 season ended up being Galis' final campaign with Aris Thessaloniki. At that time, the team was under new management and was trying to bring down the club's debts. That combined with Galis' huge salary for that time, and the fact that the team was in a period of decline, were the main causes for his departure. Galis, who adored the city of Thessaloniki and Aris' fans, had originally insisted on remaining in the club and playing for the team, as he believed that he still had a lot to offer the club. Ultimately however, Galis was forced to leave the club. In his last game for the club, Galis scored 18 points (6/9, 6/9, 0/2) as Aris beat AEK 74–62 to win yet another Greek Cup title in 1992.
Panathinaikos Athens
Galis moved to Athens, in the summer of 1992, to play with Panathinaikos. He was the player who then led the "Greens" to a club rebirth, after it had suffered through a long drought period, during which the historical team had remained without winning any titles. The previous season (1991–92) had been particularly disappointing for the club, with the team finishing in eighth place in the Greek league. As the team's captain, Galis inspired the young players of Panathinaikos Athens, such as Fragiskos Alvertis and Nikos Oikonomou, and he gradually brought back hope to the team's fans. So much so, as to the point that the club's then home arena, Glyfada Indoor Hall, was always overcrowded. In that season (1992–93), Panathinaikos Athens finished in second place in the Greek league, and also won the Greek Cup title, which was the seventh Greek Cup title for Galis.
In the following 1993–94 season, Galis was the FIBA European League (EuroLeague)'s Top Scorer, with an average of 23.8 points per game, in 21 games played. He also led the league in assists, with an average of 4.7 assists per game. In Panathinaikos Athens' decisive Game 3 victory of the FIBA European League's quarterfinals, against the then reigning league champions, the French League club Limoges, Galis truly led Panathinaikos Athens into a new club era. Galis led Panathinaikos Athens' qualification to the 1994 Tel Aviv FIBA European League Final Four, by scoring 30 points in the deciding playoff game, on 12–16 (75%) field goal shooting in the game. The "Greens" eventually finished in third place in the FIBA European League that season, after they lost in the semifinals to their arch-rivals Olympiacos Piraeus, by a score of 77–72.
However, it was still the furthest that the club had reached in the competition since the 1971–72 season. Galis scored 30 points in Panathinaikos Athens' win in the Final Four's third place game against the Spanish League club FC Barcelona, as he led all scorers in the game, with 30 points. Galis was named to the All-Final Four Team.
In what proved to be one of his final games for Panathinaikos, during the 3rd/4th place playoff series against Panionios in May 1994, Galis went scoreless in a game for the first time in his professional career in Greece, ending game 2 (which Panathinaikos lost 93–71) with 0/4 two-point shots from 29 minutes' play. Galis rallied to score 18 and 22 points in games 3 and 4, both of which Panathinaikos won to seal 3rd spot and a place in the FIBA European League for the following season.
In his third season with Panthinaikos Athens (1994–95), Galis teamed up with Panagiotis Giannakis and Žarko Paspalj, to make a strong effort to win the championship of the FIBA European League. Galis was the player who led Panathinaikos Athens to the competition's Top 16 group stage, as he prevented their elimination from the competition against the Ukrainian Super League club Budivelnyk Kyiv, with a game-high of 23 points in the club's decisive second-leg game victory. Galis was also the leader of the team in their Greek Cup win against Olympiacos Piraeus, at the Sporting Sports Arena.
At the age of 37, Galis played in his last game in professional basketball, as a player of Panathinaikos Athens, on October 12, 1994. It was in a game against Dafni Athens, in Week 1 of the Greek League's 1994–95 season. In that game, Galis scored a total of 8 points (2/2, 3/3), in 35 minutes of playing time. Panathinaikos Athens won the game in a blowout, by a score of 82–60.
Galis' playing career then ended controversially, on October 18, 1994, before Panathinaikos Athens' Week 2 game of the Greek League's 1994–95 season. Kostas Politis, who was the head coach of Panathinaikos Athens at the time, decided not to include Galis in the team's starting line-up of that Greek League game versus Ampelokipoi Athens. In protest against the head coach's decision, Galis left the arena, and ultimately, he never returned to playing action again. His retirement was officially announced in the media, on September 29, 1995.
During his pro club basketball career, Galis scored a total of 12,864 points, in 384 Greek Basket League games played, for a career scoring average of 33.5 points per game. In the 55 career Greek Cup games in which he played, he scored a total of 1,935 points, for a career scoring average of 35.2 points per game. He also averaged 42.5 points per game, in the two Greek Super Cup games that he played in. He scored a total of 864 points, in 23 FIBA Korać Cup games, for a career scoring average of 37.6 points per game. In the FIBA EuroLeague, he scored a total of 4,047 points, in 125 games played, for a career scoring average of 32.4 points per game. Overall, in all of the pro club competitions that he played in, Galis scored a total of 19,795 points, in 589 games played, for a pro club career scoring average of 33.6 points per game.
Career pro club statistics
Greek League season by season scoring stats
(Regular season and postseason)
Season by season scoring stats in European-wide leagues
National team career
Galis first played with the Greece men's national basketball team at the 1980 FIBA European Olympic Qualifying Tournament. He averaged 20.5 points per game at the tournament. His tournament single-game scoring high was 30 points, which came in a game against Switzerland. However, Greece failed to qualify for the 1980 Moscow Summer Olympic Games. At the 1981 EuroBasket, Galis averaged 19.9 points per game. Greece finished the tournament in 9th place. At the 1983 EuroBasket, Galis averaged 33.6 points per game, and he was the tournament's leading scorer. Greece finished the tournament in 11th place.
On 20 November 1983, Galis played in a friendly game against the North Carolina Tar Heels, at The Demetria Tournament '83. The game took place at the Alexandreio Melathron arena. During that game, Galis, who was Greece's shooting guard, was guarded by North Carolina's shooting guard, Michael Jordan. Galis scored 24 points during the game.At the 1984 FIBA European Olympic Qualifying Tournament, Galis averaged 31.6 points per game, and he was the tournament's leading scorer. His tournament single-game scoring high was 45 points, which came in a game against Great Britain. However, Greece failed to qualify for the 1984 Los Angeles Summer Olympic Games.
With Greece, Galis won the bronze medal at the 1984 Balkan Championship. At the 1986 FIBA World Championship, Galis led the tournament in scoring, as he averaged 33.7 points per game. During the tournament, he had a 53-point outburst in a game against Panama. Greece finished the tournament in 10th place. With Greece, Galis won the gold medal at the 1986 Balkan Championship.
Galis next led the Greece national team to the 1987 EuroBasket gold medal. Galis led the tournament in scoring, as he averaged 37.0 points per game. He scored 40 points in the tournament's finals against the Soviet Union national team and its legendary player, Šarūnas Marčiulionis, as he led Greece to a 103–101 victory. He was named the MVP of the tournament.
At the 1988 FIBA European Olympic Qualifying Tournament, Galis averaged 28.4 points per game, and he was the tournament's leading scorer. His tournament single-game scoring high was 35 points, which came in a game against Germany. However, Greece failed to qualify for the 1988 Seoul Summer Olympic Games.
Galis also led Greece to the silver medal at the 1989 EuroBasket, which he led in scoring, with an average of 35.6 points per game. Galis is most remembered from that tournament, for a stunning effort against the Soviet team led by Marčiulionis, and its other star player, Arvydas Sabonis, in their semifinals game. Galis scored 45 out of his team's 81 total points, in a dramatic last-gasp 81–80 victory. The Greek team then settled for a second-place finish, after they lost against the dominant Yugoslav national team, in the tournament's finals.
Galis also represented Greece at the 1991 FIBA Centennial Jubilee, which commemorated the 100th anniversary of the creation of the sport of basketball, by the Canadian James Naismith. The Jubilee tournament took place at the Peace and Friendship Stadium, in Piraeus, Athens, Greece. In three games played during the tournament, Galis averaged 21.0 points per game.
At the 1991 EuroBasket, Galis averaged 32.4 points per game, and he also led the tournament in scoring. In total, Galis was the leading scorer of the EuroBasket four times. He was also a four-time All-EuroBasket Team member.
In total, Galis played in 168 FIBA-recognized games with the Greece national team, in which he scored a total of 5,129 points, for a career scoring average of 30.5 points per game. Galis is in the second place, on the list of the all-time career scoring leaders in the history of Greece's senior national team. Panagiotis Giannakis is in first place on the list.
Greek senior national team career statistics
Greece National Team scoring stats by tournament
Galis' top 10 scoring FIBA games
Highest scoring single games by competition
Player profile
Galis was not only a legendary scorer, he was also a great play maker and passer. The majority of his points scored came inside the paint area, due to his penetrating ability. Galis' mid-range jumper was one of his biggest offensive weapons, as he was able to consistently make it against defensive pressure. Galis' great strength and leaping ability allowed him to have an excellent post game against other guards, despite his short stature, as compared to most other players. Another enormous competitive advantage that Galis possessed was his incredible stamina, which was due to his exemplary physical conditioning. At the 1987 EuroBasket, after the first game of the competition, Galis was never substituted out of any of the tournament's remaining games. His stamina and conditioning led to him being given the nickname of "The Iron Man".
Post-playing career and personal life
Galis is married to Eleni Panagiotou, and he has one daughter, named Stella. Since his official retirement from playing professional club basketball on September 29, 1995, and up until early 2006, Galis was the owner of a summer basketball camp in Chalkidiki, Greece. The basketball camp was listed at the Athens Stock Exchange. As a token of appreciation for his contribution to Greek sport, Galis was chosen to be the first torch bearer, in the final round of the Olympic Flame, for the Athens 2004 Summer Olympics. Galis entered the stadium at the conclusion of the Opening Ceremony, and set off the procession of the flame to the altar.
In September 2007, Galis was inducted as a member of the first class of the FIBA Hall of Fame, which includes the best basketball players in the history of the game internationally. Galis was inducted as a player. Bill Russell, of the famous Boston Celtics dynasty, was another one of the 16 inaugural player inductees. Galis was also entered into the Eurobasket.com website's European Basketball Hall of Fame, inducted as a player.
In May 2013, his former club team Aris Thessaloniki, renamed the court of their home arena, the Alexandreio Melathron, to "Nick Galis Hall". The club also organized a celebration of Galis' life and career, and retired his number 6 Aris jersey. The event was attended by many of his former teammates and opponents, from the 1980s and 1990s. Some of the attendees included the majority of the Greece men's national basketball team's 1987 EuroBasket gold medal-winning team, as well as numerous other international basketball stars who played against Galis over the years, such as Dino Rađja, Jordi Villacampa, and Doron Jamchi, among others.
On April 1, 2017, it was announced that Galis would be inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, as part of the 2017 Hall of Fame class. Galis was later inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, on September 9, 2017. He became one of the very few men's basketball players from around the world, to be inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame, without having ever played in the NBA. On June 14, 2016, exactly 29 years after Greece's national team won the gold medal at the 1987 EuroBasket, the court of the biggest basketball arena in Greece, the OAKA Olympic Indoor Hall, was named the "Nikos Galis Olympic Indoor Hall", in his honour.
Quotes about Galis
"I never thought that there was such a good offensive player in Europe, and especially in Greece.", Michael Jordan
"I've seen Galis do things, that I've seen neither Lakers nor Celtics do.", Bob McAdoo
"I admire him. When he plays one on one, there's no way to stop him. I didn't think that there would ever be a player, who by himself, could cause nightmares and even beat the Soviet Union.", Sergei Belov
"If Galis wants to score, he will score no matter who's defending him.", Arvydas Sabonis
"If I'm The Son of the Devil, then Galis is The Devil himself.", Dražen Petrović
'"I’d like to be on the same team with him, so I could pass to him, and then watch him score a basket.”, Dražen Petrović
"Although Drazen (i.e. Petrović) is my brother, for the best athlete of 1987, I voted for Galis."', Aco Petrović
"Galis is a great player. He is one of the best European players. He was a really tough opponent, he floated in the air, he was one of the best.", Dino Radja
"Petrović and Galis were the most charismatic players I've ever known. "Galis is the only player who made me shudder.", Doron Jamchi
"Everyone who plays basketball, owes Galis money.", Fanis Christodoulou
"If we played together, we would have scored 300 points in every game!", Vassilis Goumas
"The man is a computer! If he had played with us in AEK in the '60s, we would have been undefeated.", Georgios Amerikanos
"A European and Greek basketball changed. It is my honor to play with him. He is the greatest of all time "., Sasha Volkov
"I've seen many players in my career, but what Galis does on the floor, only 2–3 in the world can do.", Audie Norris
"Who wouldn't want to play with Galis? I would definitely give the ball to Galis on the last play. Galis changed basketball in Greece and Europe.", Audie Norris
"Galis wasn't affected by anything. I count him among the five best players of Europe.", Georgios Sigalas
"In Greece, Galis is what Michael Jordan is in America.", Steve Giatzoglou
"Galis is the player of the 21st century.", Alexander Gomelsky, USSR head coach.
"I had nightmares of Galis all night.", Pierre Dao, Limoges head coach.
"I had given specific instructions on how to defend against the other 4 players. As for Nikos, we just had to sit down and pray!", Wojciech Krajewski, Lech Poznan head coach.
"There is only one way I can think of to stop Nikos from scoring. Lock him up in his hotel room, so that he can't come to the arena.", Ruud Harrewijn, Dutch national team head coach.
Awards and accomplishments
Galis won numerous titles and awards during his career and had many memorable single game performances. The following are some of them:
College
Haggerty Award (New York Metro Area Player of the Year): 1979
ECAC Player of the Year: 1979
Member of the Seton Hall Athletic Hall of Fame: 1991
Pro career
Titles:
8× Greek League Champion: 1983, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991
7× Greek Cup Winner: 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993
Greek Super Cup Winner: 1986(In total, he won 16 trophies in his pro club career as a player.)Personal awards and achievements:
11× Greek League Top Scorer: 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991
Greek Super Cup Finals Top Scorer: 1986
3× Greek Male Athlete of the Year: 1986, 1987, 1989
5× Greek Cup Finals Top Scorer: 1987, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993
5× Greek League Finals MVP: 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991
2× FIBA European Selection: 1987, 1991 I
Mediterranean Player of the Year: 1987
Euroscar European Player of the Year: 1987
Mr. Europa European Player of the Year: 1987
L'Équipe Champion of Champions' 10th Best Athlete in the World: 1987
5× FIBA EuroLeague Top Scorer: 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1994
5× Greek League MVP: 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992
4× Greek League Assist Leader: 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994
2× Greek League All-Star (1991, 1994 I)
FIBA EuroLeague Assists Leader: 1994
FIBA EuroLeague All-Final Four Team: (1994)
EuroLeague Final Four all-time career scoring leader: 231 points (28.9 points per game).
Greek Championship (amateur era) all-time career scoring leader: 12,864 points (33.5 points per game) – Vassilis Spanoulis is the league's professional era all-time career scoring leader.
Greek Cup all-time career scoring leader: 1,935 points (35.2 points per game).
FIBA's 50 Greatest Players: 1991
Member of the FIBA Hall of Fame: 2007
50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors: 2008
No. 6 jersey retired by Aris: 2013
Member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame: 2017
101 Greats of European Basketball: 2018
HoopsHype's 75 Greatest International Players Ever: 2021
Greek Basket League Hall of Fame: 2022
Along with Panagiotis Giannakis, he led Aris Thessaloniki to an 80-game winning streak in the Greek League, in the 1980s.
His personal career single-game scoring high in a Greek League game was 62 points, which was achieved in a game on 24 January 1981, during the 1980–81 season (Aris Thessaloniki vs. Ionikos Nikaias). However, in the same game, Ionikos' superstar, Panagiotis Giannakis, who would later go on to become Galis' teammate on Aris, scored 73 points.
His personal career single-game scoring high in the Greek Cup tournament was 52 points against Panellinios Athens, in the 1987 Greek Cup Final (15 April 1987).
His personal career single-game scoring high in a European-wide continental club competition was 56 points against Vasas (5 November 1980), during the 1980–81 season of the FIBA Korać Cup.
His personal career single-game scoring high in the FIBA European Champions' Cup (now called the EuroLeague), was 52 points, which he achieved twice. He scored 52 points versus Oostende in 1986–87 (2 October 1986). He also scored 52 points versus Lech Poznań in 1989–90 (7 December 1989).
In 1993, while playing in the Greek League with Panathinaikos Athens, in a revenge game against his former team Aris Thessaloniki, he had a game for the ages. In the game, Galis made all 13 of his field goal attempts.
4,047 points scored in 125 FIBA EuroLeague games played (32.4 points per game), and 864 points scored in 23 FIBA Korać Cup games played (37.6 points per game).
Greece National Team
1983 EuroBasket: All-Tournament Team
1984 Balkan Championship: Bronze
1986 FIBA World Championship: Top Scorer (33.7 points per game)
1986 Balkan Championship: Gold
1987 EuroBasket: Gold
1989 EuroBasket: Silver
1987 EuroBasket: Most Valuable Player
4× FIBA EuroBasket All-Tournament Team: 1983, 1987, 1989, 1991
4× FIBA EuroBasket Top Scorer: 1983 (33.6 points per game), 1987 (37.0 points per game), 1989 (35.6 points per game), 1991 (32.4 points per game)
2× FIBA European Olympic Qualification Top Scorer: 1984 (31.6 points per game), 1988 (28.4 points per game)
At the 1986 FIBA World Championship, he scored 53 points in a game against Panama.
In the 1987 EuroBasket Finals, he scored 40 points against the Soviet Union.
In the 1989 EuroBasket Semifinals, he scored 45 points against the Soviet Union.
In 168 FIBA-recognized games played with the Greece men's national basketball team, he averaged 30.5 points per game.
Greece men's national basketball team's 2nd all-time career scoring leader (behind Panagiotis Giannakis): 5,167 total points scored, in 169 total games played (30.6 points per game). However, only 5,129 points in 168 games (30.5 points per game), is officially recognized.
Galis was the top scorer in every major European and world international competition that he participated in from 1983 onward: the 1983 EuroBasket, the 1984 FIBA European Olympic Qualification, the 1986 FIBA World Championship, the 1987 EuroBasket, the 1988 FIBA European Olympic Qualification, the 1989 EuroBasket, and the 1991 EuroBasket.
See also
Basketball in the United States
FIBA Europe
Sources
Nikos Galis FIBA Archive official website.
Nikos Galis FIBA Europe official website.
Arbel, Y. , "Iron Man Galis", November 08, 2006, FIBA Europe official website.
Nikos Galis Hellenic Basketball Federation official website (in Greek).
Eurobasket.com's HALL OF FAME.
Rabotas, G. (2003). Nikos Galis, A Legend like I have known him. Athens: Psychogios. ISBN 960-87979-0-5.
BASKET ARIS – Unofficial fan site dedicated to ARIS B.C.
Notes
References
External links
Twitter Account (in Greek)
NBA Draft Profile
Nikos Galis FIBA Hall of Fame Profile
Euroleague.net 50 Greatest Contributors
FIBA Profile
Galis FIBA Europe Profile
Hellenic Basketball Federation Profile (in Greek)
Interbasket.net Galis Profile
FIBAEurope.com Galis Story
Euroleague.net A scoring machine
101 Greats: Nikos Galis
Τα “κανόνια” του ελληνικού Πρωταθλήματος: Νίκος Γκάλης (in Greek)
Nick Galis Unofficial Website
GrHomeBoy.com Galis Inducted into FIBA Hall of Fame
Books.Google.com Seton Hall Pirates Nick Galis
SHUPPirates.com Seton Hall – Galis
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Nikolaos Georgalis (Greek: Νικόλαος Γεωργαλής; born July 23, 1957), commonly known as either Nikos Galis (Greek: Νίκος Γκάλης), or Nick Galis, is a Greek former professional basketball player. Galis, who during his playing days was nicknamed, "Nick The Greek", "The Gangster", and "The Iron Man", is widely regarded as Europe's greatest scorer to ever play the game, and as one of the all-time greatest players in FIBA international basketball history. In 1991, Galis was named one of FIBA's 50 Greatest Players. In 2007, he became an inaugural member of the FIBA Hall of Fame. In 2008, he was chosen as one of the 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors. In 2017, he was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.During his college basketball career at Seton Hall University, Galis played at the point guard position. However, his primary position during his pro career was shooting guard. He spent most of his club playing career with Aris Thessaloniki, before having a late career stint with Panathinaikos Athens. Among qualified players, he is the EuroLeague's all-time leader in points per game scoring average, when counting both the FIBA and EuroLeague Basketball eras (1958–present). He was also the league's top scorer of the season, numerous times. In Europe's premier basketball club competition, he reached the EuroLeague Final Four on four occasions, making it in three consecutive years with Aris (1988, 1989, 1990), and in another year with Panathinaikos (1994). Galis won eight Greek league championships, and he is also the Greek Championship's amateur era all-time leading scorer, in both career points scored and career scoring average, when counting all league formats prior to the league becoming fully professional, in the 1992–93 season.
Galis led the Greece men's national basketball team to the EuroBasket's gold medal in 1987, and he earned the tournament's MVP award in the process. Following his stunning success in winning the 1987 EuroBasket title, Galis won both the Mr. Europa and the Euroscar player of the year awards. He also led Greece to a silver medal at the 1989 EuroBasket, where he was also selected to the All-EuroBasket Team. Overall during his national team career, he was named to the All-EuroBasket Team four times (1983, 1987, 1989, 1991). Among his myriad of accomplishments, he holds the EuroBasket's record for the highest career scoring average (31.2 points per game), and he was also the leading scorer of four EuroBasket tournaments, in 1983, 1987, 1989, and 1991. Galis also owns two major records of the FIBA World Championship/Cup tournament. He holds the records for the highest career scoring average (33.5 points per game), and the most total points ever scored in a single tournament, which he set at the 1986 FIBA World Championship.
Galis, who was named the Greek Male Athlete of the Year three times (1986, 1987, 1989), is highly revered in Greece, where he is considered by many to be one of the greatest national athletes that the country has ever had. His years with Aris Thessaloniki and the Greece national team, lifted Greek basketball from a place of relative obscurity, to both European and global power status. Galis was the sports icon that eventually inspired thousands of Greeks to take up playing the game of basketball.
Early life and high school
Galis was born in Union City, New Jersey. The child of a poor immigrant family, from the Greek islands of Rhodes and Nisyros, Galis took up boxing in his early years, after his father, George Georgalis, who had also been a boxer in his youth. He was later persuaded to give up boxing by his mother, Stella Georgalis, who was terrified after each time that her son would return home from boxing training with a new facial injury. As a result, Galis started playing the sport of basketball instead of boxing. He attended Union Hill High School, in Union City, where he played high school basketball for legendary coach William J. McKeever , as well as American football.
College career
After high school, Galis enrolled at Seton Hall University, where he played college basketball as a member of the Seton Hall Pirates. In his senior 1978–79 season, Galis saw his scoring average reach 27.5 points per game, which was third in the nation, behind Idaho State's Lawrence Butler (30.1 points per game) and Indiana State's Larry Bird (28.6 points per game), including a 48-point outburst against the University of Santa Clara.Also in his senior year of college, Galis won the Haggerty Award (the New York City metro area's best player award), and the Eastern College Athletic Conference Player of the Year award. The same year, he also played in the Pizza Hut All-American game, alongside Bird and Vinnie Johnson. During his four-year college career, Galis played in a total of 107 games and scored 1,651 points, for a career scoring average of 15.4 points per game.Galis' head coach at Seton Hall, Bill Raftery, would later state that Galis was the best player that he ever coached. While at Seton Hall, Galis was a good friend and roommate of Italian-American professional basketball player Dan Callandrillo. Galis was later inducted into the Seton Hall Athletic Hall of Fame, in 1991.
College stats
Professional career
Boston Celtics
After finishing his collegiate career in 1979, Galis signed with agent Bill Manon, who also managed Diana Ross. Manon did not have Galis work out with any NBA team. Galis was eventually selected by the Boston Celtics in the 4th round of the 1979 NBA draft, 68th overall. Due to a severe ankle injury that Galis suffered during the Celtics preseason training camp of the 1979–80 season, the franchise was no longer interested in offering him a contract because Gerald Henderson had taken his place on the team, and his injury would keep him out for the foreseeable future.
Galis then decided to pursue a professional career in Greece's top-tier level Basket League. Later, while still playing in Greece, he would be offered NBA contracts by the Celtics and the New Jersey Nets. However, he turned the offers down, because at the time, and until 1989, FIBA did not have professional status, and consequently did not allow NBA players to compete at the national team level. Since playing with the Greek men's national basketball team meant so much to him, he stayed in Greece. Celtics then-president Red Auerbach later said that the single biggest mistake he ever made in his career was not keeping Galis.
Aris Thessaloniki
After suffering an ankle injury in the Boston Celtics 1979–80 preseason training camp, which prevented him from receiving a contract with the Celtics, Galis made the move across the Atlantic, and signed to play with Aris Thessaloniki of Greece, in 1979. The two major Greek clubs of Panathinaikos Athens and Olympiacos Piraeus, had also shown some interest in signing him, but it was Aris Thessaloniki's interest that was the most persuasive to Galis. His move to the country would eventually help Greek club basketball to reach a level of popularity that had never been previously imagined.
Galis was the indisputable leader of Aris Thessaloniki, as he averaged more than 30 points per game in nearly every season and competition that he played in with the team. With Aris Thessaloniki, he played alongside other great European players like Panagiotis Giannakis and Slobodan Subotić, who was known in Greece as Lefteris Soumpotits. With Aris Thessaloniki, Galis won eight Greek League championships, in the years 1983, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991. He won seven out of his eight Greek League championships in consecutive years, with three of those championships being won in undefeated seasons. He also won six Greek Cup titles with Aris Thessaloniki, in the years 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1992. Four of his six Greek Cup titles were won in consecutive years.
In the top-level European-wide club competition, the FIBA European Champions' Cup (EuroLeague), Galis led Aris Thessaloniki to three consecutive appearances at the competition's Final Four. Galis' team played at the 1988 Ghent Final Four, the 1989 Munich Final Four, and the 1990 Zaragoza Final Four. In the one major disappointment of an otherwise glittering club career with Aris Thessaloniki, all three of Galis' FIBA European Champions' Cup Final Four appearances ended in losses in the semifinals. Which thus deprived him of the opportunity to shine all the way onto Europe's biggest club stage, at the FIBA European Champions' Cup Finals (EuroLeague Finals). However, the team's performances and general standard of play, won over the hearts of most basketball fans in Greece. In fact, cinemas and theaters in Greece would often reduce their ticket admission prices on Thursday evenings, when Aris Thessaloniki was playing games, as large segments of the country settled down to watch them on television.
In June 1991, Galis was chosen as a member of The Balkans Selection All-Star Team that played against The European Selection All-Star Team at the 1991 FIBA Centennial Jubilee. The 1991 FIBA Jubilee event was held in order to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the creation of the sport of basketball in 1891, by the Canadian James Naismith. The FIBA Jubilee All-Star Game took place at the Peace and Friendship Stadium, in Piraeus, Athens, Greece, and it included numerous legends of European basketball. The Balkans' All-Star Selection won the game, by a score of 103–102. Galis was the game's top scorer, with 20 points.
On 19 December 1991, in one of his final FIBA EuroLeague games with Aris Thessaloniki, Galis rolled back the clock. At the age of 34, he scored 46 points, on 13/20 field goals overall, 8/14 2-point field goals, 5/6 3-point field goals, and 15/18 free throws, in a 111–108 loss against the Italian League club Olimpia Milano. However, Aris Thessaloniki's 1991–92 FIBA EuroLeague season was a disappointment, as the club finished group stage play with a record of 3–11.
Also in that same 1991–92 season, in a Greek League game against Panionios Athens, Galis scored 48 points, on 17/21 field goals overall, 15/18 2-point field goals, 2/3 3-point field goals, and 12/13 free throws. However, Aris Thessaloniki failed to make it to the 1992 Greek League's Finals. It was the first time that the team had not won the Greek League championship, since 1984.
Eventually, the 1991–92 season ended up being Galis' final campaign with Aris Thessaloniki. At that time, the team was under new management and was trying to bring down the club's debts. That combined with Galis' huge salary for that time, and the fact that the team was in a period of decline, were the main causes for his departure. Galis, who adored the city of Thessaloniki and Aris' fans, had originally insisted on remaining in the club and playing for the team, as he believed that he still had a lot to offer the club. Ultimately however, Galis was forced to leave the club. In his last game for the club, Galis scored 18 points (6/9, 6/9, 0/2) as Aris beat AEK 74–62 to win yet another Greek Cup title in 1992.
Panathinaikos Athens
Galis moved to Athens, in the summer of 1992, to play with Panathinaikos. He was the player who then led the "Greens" to a club rebirth, after it had suffered through a long drought period, during which the historical team had remained without winning any titles. The previous season (1991–92) had been particularly disappointing for the club, with the team finishing in eighth place in the Greek league. As the team's captain, Galis inspired the young players of Panathinaikos Athens, such as Fragiskos Alvertis and Nikos Oikonomou, and he gradually brought back hope to the team's fans. So much so, as to the point that the club's then home arena, Glyfada Indoor Hall, was always overcrowded. In that season (1992–93), Panathinaikos Athens finished in second place in the Greek league, and also won the Greek Cup title, which was the seventh Greek Cup title for Galis.
In the following 1993–94 season, Galis was the FIBA European League (EuroLeague)'s Top Scorer, with an average of 23.8 points per game, in 21 games played. He also led the league in assists, with an average of 4.7 assists per game. In Panathinaikos Athens' decisive Game 3 victory of the FIBA European League's quarterfinals, against the then reigning league champions, the French League club Limoges, Galis truly led Panathinaikos Athens into a new club era. Galis led Panathinaikos Athens' qualification to the 1994 Tel Aviv FIBA European League Final Four, by scoring 30 points in the deciding playoff game, on 12–16 (75%) field goal shooting in the game. The "Greens" eventually finished in third place in the FIBA European League that season, after they lost in the semifinals to their arch-rivals Olympiacos Piraeus, by a score of 77–72.
However, it was still the furthest that the club had reached in the competition since the 1971–72 season. Galis scored 30 points in Panathinaikos Athens' win in the Final Four's third place game against the Spanish League club FC Barcelona, as he led all scorers in the game, with 30 points. Galis was named to the All-Final Four Team.
In what proved to be one of his final games for Panathinaikos, during the 3rd/4th place playoff series against Panionios in May 1994, Galis went scoreless in a game for the first time in his professional career in Greece, ending game 2 (which Panathinaikos lost 93–71) with 0/4 two-point shots from 29 minutes' play. Galis rallied to score 18 and 22 points in games 3 and 4, both of which Panathinaikos won to seal 3rd spot and a place in the FIBA European League for the following season.
In his third season with Panthinaikos Athens (1994–95), Galis teamed up with Panagiotis Giannakis and Žarko Paspalj, to make a strong effort to win the championship of the FIBA European League. Galis was the player who led Panathinaikos Athens to the competition's Top 16 group stage, as he prevented their elimination from the competition against the Ukrainian Super League club Budivelnyk Kyiv, with a game-high of 23 points in the club's decisive second-leg game victory. Galis was also the leader of the team in their Greek Cup win against Olympiacos Piraeus, at the Sporting Sports Arena.
At the age of 37, Galis played in his last game in professional basketball, as a player of Panathinaikos Athens, on October 12, 1994. It was in a game against Dafni Athens, in Week 1 of the Greek League's 1994–95 season. In that game, Galis scored a total of 8 points (2/2, 3/3), in 35 minutes of playing time. Panathinaikos Athens won the game in a blowout, by a score of 82–60.
Galis' playing career then ended controversially, on October 18, 1994, before Panathinaikos Athens' Week 2 game of the Greek League's 1994–95 season. Kostas Politis, who was the head coach of Panathinaikos Athens at the time, decided not to include Galis in the team's starting line-up of that Greek League game versus Ampelokipoi Athens. In protest against the head coach's decision, Galis left the arena, and ultimately, he never returned to playing action again. His retirement was officially announced in the media, on September 29, 1995.
During his pro club basketball career, Galis scored a total of 12,864 points, in 384 Greek Basket League games played, for a career scoring average of 33.5 points per game. In the 55 career Greek Cup games in which he played, he scored a total of 1,935 points, for a career scoring average of 35.2 points per game. He also averaged 42.5 points per game, in the two Greek Super Cup games that he played in. He scored a total of 864 points, in 23 FIBA Korać Cup games, for a career scoring average of 37.6 points per game. In the FIBA EuroLeague, he scored a total of 4,047 points, in 125 games played, for a career scoring average of 32.4 points per game. Overall, in all of the pro club competitions that he played in, Galis scored a total of 19,795 points, in 589 games played, for a pro club career scoring average of 33.6 points per game.
Career pro club statistics
Greek League season by season scoring stats
(Regular season and postseason)
Season by season scoring stats in European-wide leagues
National team career
Galis first played with the Greece men's national basketball team at the 1980 FIBA European Olympic Qualifying Tournament. He averaged 20.5 points per game at the tournament. His tournament single-game scoring high was 30 points, which came in a game against Switzerland. However, Greece failed to qualify for the 1980 Moscow Summer Olympic Games. At the 1981 EuroBasket, Galis averaged 19.9 points per game. Greece finished the tournament in 9th place. At the 1983 EuroBasket, Galis averaged 33.6 points per game, and he was the tournament's leading scorer. Greece finished the tournament in 11th place.
On 20 November 1983, Galis played in a friendly game against the North Carolina Tar Heels, at The Demetria Tournament '83. The game took place at the Alexandreio Melathron arena. During that game, Galis, who was Greece's shooting guard, was guarded by North Carolina's shooting guard, Michael Jordan. Galis scored 24 points during the game.At the 1984 FIBA European Olympic Qualifying Tournament, Galis averaged 31.6 points per game, and he was the tournament's leading scorer. His tournament single-game scoring high was 45 points, which came in a game against Great Britain. However, Greece failed to qualify for the 1984 Los Angeles Summer Olympic Games.
With Greece, Galis won the bronze medal at the 1984 Balkan Championship. At the 1986 FIBA World Championship, Galis led the tournament in scoring, as he averaged 33.7 points per game. During the tournament, he had a 53-point outburst in a game against Panama. Greece finished the tournament in 10th place. With Greece, Galis won the gold medal at the 1986 Balkan Championship.
Galis next led the Greece national team to the 1987 EuroBasket gold medal. Galis led the tournament in scoring, as he averaged 37.0 points per game. He scored 40 points in the tournament's finals against the Soviet Union national team and its legendary player, Šarūnas Marčiulionis, as he led Greece to a 103–101 victory. He was named the MVP of the tournament.
At the 1988 FIBA European Olympic Qualifying Tournament, Galis averaged 28.4 points per game, and he was the tournament's leading scorer. His tournament single-game scoring high was 35 points, which came in a game against Germany. However, Greece failed to qualify for the 1988 Seoul Summer Olympic Games.
Galis also led Greece to the silver medal at the 1989 EuroBasket, which he led in scoring, with an average of 35.6 points per game. Galis is most remembered from that tournament, for a stunning effort against the Soviet team led by Marčiulionis, and its other star player, Arvydas Sabonis, in their semifinals game. Galis scored 45 out of his team's 81 total points, in a dramatic last-gasp 81–80 victory. The Greek team then settled for a second-place finish, after they lost against the dominant Yugoslav national team, in the tournament's finals.
Galis also represented Greece at the 1991 FIBA Centennial Jubilee, which commemorated the 100th anniversary of the creation of the sport of basketball, by the Canadian James Naismith. The Jubilee tournament took place at the Peace and Friendship Stadium, in Piraeus, Athens, Greece. In three games played during the tournament, Galis averaged 21.0 points per game.
At the 1991 EuroBasket, Galis averaged 32.4 points per game, and he also led the tournament in scoring. In total, Galis was the leading scorer of the EuroBasket four times. He was also a four-time All-EuroBasket Team member.
In total, Galis played in 168 FIBA-recognized games with the Greece national team, in which he scored a total of 5,129 points, for a career scoring average of 30.5 points per game. Galis is in the second place, on the list of the all-time career scoring leaders in the history of Greece's senior national team. Panagiotis Giannakis is in first place on the list.
Greek senior national team career statistics
Greece National Team scoring stats by tournament
Galis' top 10 scoring FIBA games
Highest scoring single games by competition
Player profile
Galis was not only a legendary scorer, he was also a great play maker and passer. The majority of his points scored came inside the paint area, due to his penetrating ability. Galis' mid-range jumper was one of his biggest offensive weapons, as he was able to consistently make it against defensive pressure. Galis' great strength and leaping ability allowed him to have an excellent post game against other guards, despite his short stature, as compared to most other players. Another enormous competitive advantage that Galis possessed was his incredible stamina, which was due to his exemplary physical conditioning. At the 1987 EuroBasket, after the first game of the competition, Galis was never substituted out of any of the tournament's remaining games. His stamina and conditioning led to him being given the nickname of "The Iron Man".
Post-playing career and personal life
Galis is married to Eleni Panagiotou, and he has one daughter, named Stella. Since his official retirement from playing professional club basketball on September 29, 1995, and up until early 2006, Galis was the owner of a summer basketball camp in Chalkidiki, Greece. The basketball camp was listed at the Athens Stock Exchange. As a token of appreciation for his contribution to Greek sport, Galis was chosen to be the first torch bearer, in the final round of the Olympic Flame, for the Athens 2004 Summer Olympics. Galis entered the stadium at the conclusion of the Opening Ceremony, and set off the procession of the flame to the altar.
In September 2007, Galis was inducted as a member of the first class of the FIBA Hall of Fame, which includes the best basketball players in the history of the game internationally. Galis was inducted as a player. Bill Russell, of the famous Boston Celtics dynasty, was another one of the 16 inaugural player inductees. Galis was also entered into the Eurobasket.com website's European Basketball Hall of Fame, inducted as a player.
In May 2013, his former club team Aris Thessaloniki, renamed the court of their home arena, the Alexandreio Melathron, to "Nick Galis Hall". The club also organized a celebration of Galis' life and career, and retired his number 6 Aris jersey. The event was attended by many of his former teammates and opponents, from the 1980s and 1990s. Some of the attendees included the majority of the Greece men's national basketball team's 1987 EuroBasket gold medal-winning team, as well as numerous other international basketball stars who played against Galis over the years, such as Dino Rađja, Jordi Villacampa, and Doron Jamchi, among others.
On April 1, 2017, it was announced that Galis would be inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, as part of the 2017 Hall of Fame class. Galis was later inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, on September 9, 2017. He became one of the very few men's basketball players from around the world, to be inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame, without having ever played in the NBA. On June 14, 2016, exactly 29 years after Greece's national team won the gold medal at the 1987 EuroBasket, the court of the biggest basketball arena in Greece, the OAKA Olympic Indoor Hall, was named the "Nikos Galis Olympic Indoor Hall", in his honour.
Quotes about Galis
"I never thought that there was such a good offensive player in Europe, and especially in Greece.", Michael Jordan
"I've seen Galis do things, that I've seen neither Lakers nor Celtics do.", Bob McAdoo
"I admire him. When he plays one on one, there's no way to stop him. I didn't think that there would ever be a player, who by himself, could cause nightmares and even beat the Soviet Union.", Sergei Belov
"If Galis wants to score, he will score no matter who's defending him.", Arvydas Sabonis
"If I'm The Son of the Devil, then Galis is The Devil himself.", Dražen Petrović
'"I’d like to be on the same team with him, so I could pass to him, and then watch him score a basket.”, Dražen Petrović
"Although Drazen (i.e. Petrović) is my brother, for the best athlete of 1987, I voted for Galis."', Aco Petrović
"Galis is a great player. He is one of the best European players. He was a really tough opponent, he floated in the air, he was one of the best.", Dino Radja
"Petrović and Galis were the most charismatic players I've ever known. "Galis is the only player who made me shudder.", Doron Jamchi
"Everyone who plays basketball, owes Galis money.", Fanis Christodoulou
"If we played together, we would have scored 300 points in every game!", Vassilis Goumas
"The man is a computer! If he had played with us in AEK in the '60s, we would have been undefeated.", Georgios Amerikanos
"A European and Greek basketball changed. It is my honor to play with him. He is the greatest of all time "., Sasha Volkov
"I've seen many players in my career, but what Galis does on the floor, only 2–3 in the world can do.", Audie Norris
"Who wouldn't want to play with Galis? I would definitely give the ball to Galis on the last play. Galis changed basketball in Greece and Europe.", Audie Norris
"Galis wasn't affected by anything. I count him among the five best players of Europe.", Georgios Sigalas
"In Greece, Galis is what Michael Jordan is in America.", Steve Giatzoglou
"Galis is the player of the 21st century.", Alexander Gomelsky, USSR head coach.
"I had nightmares of Galis all night.", Pierre Dao, Limoges head coach.
"I had given specific instructions on how to defend against the other 4 players. As for Nikos, we just had to sit down and pray!", Wojciech Krajewski, Lech Poznan head coach.
"There is only one way I can think of to stop Nikos from scoring. Lock him up in his hotel room, so that he can't come to the arena.", Ruud Harrewijn, Dutch national team head coach.
Awards and accomplishments
Galis won numerous titles and awards during his career and had many memorable single game performances. The following are some of them:
College
Haggerty Award (New York Metro Area Player of the Year): 1979
ECAC Player of the Year: 1979
Member of the Seton Hall Athletic Hall of Fame: 1991
Pro career
Titles:
8× Greek League Champion: 1983, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991
7× Greek Cup Winner: 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993
Greek Super Cup Winner: 1986(In total, he won 16 trophies in his pro club career as a player.)Personal awards and achievements:
11× Greek League Top Scorer: 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991
Greek Super Cup Finals Top Scorer: 1986
3× Greek Male Athlete of the Year: 1986, 1987, 1989
5× Greek Cup Finals Top Scorer: 1987, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993
5× Greek League Finals MVP: 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991
2× FIBA European Selection: 1987, 1991 I
Mediterranean Player of the Year: 1987
Euroscar European Player of the Year: 1987
Mr. Europa European Player of the Year: 1987
L'Équipe Champion of Champions' 10th Best Athlete in the World: 1987
5× FIBA EuroLeague Top Scorer: 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1994
5× Greek League MVP: 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992
4× Greek League Assist Leader: 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994
2× Greek League All-Star (1991, 1994 I)
FIBA EuroLeague Assists Leader: 1994
FIBA EuroLeague All-Final Four Team: (1994)
EuroLeague Final Four all-time career scoring leader: 231 points (28.9 points per game).
Greek Championship (amateur era) all-time career scoring leader: 12,864 points (33.5 points per game) – Vassilis Spanoulis is the league's professional era all-time career scoring leader.
Greek Cup all-time career scoring leader: 1,935 points (35.2 points per game).
FIBA's 50 Greatest Players: 1991
Member of the FIBA Hall of Fame: 2007
50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors: 2008
No. 6 jersey retired by Aris: 2013
Member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame: 2017
101 Greats of European Basketball: 2018
HoopsHype's 75 Greatest International Players Ever: 2021
Greek Basket League Hall of Fame: 2022
Along with Panagiotis Giannakis, he led Aris Thessaloniki to an 80-game winning streak in the Greek League, in the 1980s.
His personal career single-game scoring high in a Greek League game was 62 points, which was achieved in a game on 24 January 1981, during the 1980–81 season (Aris Thessaloniki vs. Ionikos Nikaias). However, in the same game, Ionikos' superstar, Panagiotis Giannakis, who would later go on to become Galis' teammate on Aris, scored 73 points.
His personal career single-game scoring high in the Greek Cup tournament was 52 points against Panellinios Athens, in the 1987 Greek Cup Final (15 April 1987).
His personal career single-game scoring high in a European-wide continental club competition was 56 points against Vasas (5 November 1980), during the 1980–81 season of the FIBA Korać Cup.
His personal career single-game scoring high in the FIBA European Champions' Cup (now called the EuroLeague), was 52 points, which he achieved twice. He scored 52 points versus Oostende in 1986–87 (2 October 1986). He also scored 52 points versus Lech Poznań in 1989–90 (7 December 1989).
In 1993, while playing in the Greek League with Panathinaikos Athens, in a revenge game against his former team Aris Thessaloniki, he had a game for the ages. In the game, Galis made all 13 of his field goal attempts.
4,047 points scored in 125 FIBA EuroLeague games played (32.4 points per game), and 864 points scored in 23 FIBA Korać Cup games played (37.6 points per game).
Greece National Team
1983 EuroBasket: All-Tournament Team
1984 Balkan Championship: Bronze
1986 FIBA World Championship: Top Scorer (33.7 points per game)
1986 Balkan Championship: Gold
1987 EuroBasket: Gold
1989 EuroBasket: Silver
1987 EuroBasket: Most Valuable Player
4× FIBA EuroBasket All-Tournament Team: 1983, 1987, 1989, 1991
4× FIBA EuroBasket Top Scorer: 1983 (33.6 points per game), 1987 (37.0 points per game), 1989 (35.6 points per game), 1991 (32.4 points per game)
2× FIBA European Olympic Qualification Top Scorer: 1984 (31.6 points per game), 1988 (28.4 points per game)
At the 1986 FIBA World Championship, he scored 53 points in a game against Panama.
In the 1987 EuroBasket Finals, he scored 40 points against the Soviet Union.
In the 1989 EuroBasket Semifinals, he scored 45 points against the Soviet Union.
In 168 FIBA-recognized games played with the Greece men's national basketball team, he averaged 30.5 points per game.
Greece men's national basketball team's 2nd all-time career scoring leader (behind Panagiotis Giannakis): 5,167 total points scored, in 169 total games played (30.6 points per game). However, only 5,129 points in 168 games (30.5 points per game), is officially recognized.
Galis was the top scorer in every major European and world international competition that he participated in from 1983 onward: the 1983 EuroBasket, the 1984 FIBA European Olympic Qualification, the 1986 FIBA World Championship, the 1987 EuroBasket, the 1988 FIBA European Olympic Qualification, the 1989 EuroBasket, and the 1991 EuroBasket.
See also
Basketball in the United States
FIBA Europe
Sources
Nikos Galis FIBA Archive official website.
Nikos Galis FIBA Europe official website.
Arbel, Y. , "Iron Man Galis", November 08, 2006, FIBA Europe official website.
Nikos Galis Hellenic Basketball Federation official website (in Greek).
Eurobasket.com's HALL OF FAME.
Rabotas, G. (2003). Nikos Galis, A Legend like I have known him. Athens: Psychogios. ISBN 960-87979-0-5.
BASKET ARIS – Unofficial fan site dedicated to ARIS B.C.
Notes
References
External links
Twitter Account (in Greek)
NBA Draft Profile
Nikos Galis FIBA Hall of Fame Profile
Euroleague.net 50 Greatest Contributors
FIBA Profile
Galis FIBA Europe Profile
Hellenic Basketball Federation Profile (in Greek)
Interbasket.net Galis Profile
FIBAEurope.com Galis Story
Euroleague.net A scoring machine
101 Greats: Nikos Galis
Τα “κανόνια” του ελληνικού Πρωταθλήματος: Νίκος Γκάλης (in Greek)
Nick Galis Unofficial Website
GrHomeBoy.com Galis Inducted into FIBA Hall of Fame
Books.Google.com Seton Hall Pirates Nick Galis
SHUPPirates.com Seton Hall – Galis
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Nikolaos Georgalis (Greek: Νικόλαος Γεωργαλής; born July 23, 1957), commonly known as either Nikos Galis (Greek: Νίκος Γκάλης), or Nick Galis, is a Greek former professional basketball player. Galis, who during his playing days was nicknamed, "Nick The Greek", "The Gangster", and "The Iron Man", is widely regarded as Europe's greatest scorer to ever play the game, and as one of the all-time greatest players in FIBA international basketball history. In 1991, Galis was named one of FIBA's 50 Greatest Players. In 2007, he became an inaugural member of the FIBA Hall of Fame. In 2008, he was chosen as one of the 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors. In 2017, he was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.During his college basketball career at Seton Hall University, Galis played at the point guard position. However, his primary position during his pro career was shooting guard. He spent most of his club playing career with Aris Thessaloniki, before having a late career stint with Panathinaikos Athens. Among qualified players, he is the EuroLeague's all-time leader in points per game scoring average, when counting both the FIBA and EuroLeague Basketball eras (1958–present). He was also the league's top scorer of the season, numerous times. In Europe's premier basketball club competition, he reached the EuroLeague Final Four on four occasions, making it in three consecutive years with Aris (1988, 1989, 1990), and in another year with Panathinaikos (1994). Galis won eight Greek league championships, and he is also the Greek Championship's amateur era all-time leading scorer, in both career points scored and career scoring average, when counting all league formats prior to the league becoming fully professional, in the 1992–93 season.
Galis led the Greece men's national basketball team to the EuroBasket's gold medal in 1987, and he earned the tournament's MVP award in the process. Following his stunning success in winning the 1987 EuroBasket title, Galis won both the Mr. Europa and the Euroscar player of the year awards. He also led Greece to a silver medal at the 1989 EuroBasket, where he was also selected to the All-EuroBasket Team. Overall during his national team career, he was named to the All-EuroBasket Team four times (1983, 1987, 1989, 1991). Among his myriad of accomplishments, he holds the EuroBasket's record for the highest career scoring average (31.2 points per game), and he was also the leading scorer of four EuroBasket tournaments, in 1983, 1987, 1989, and 1991. Galis also owns two major records of the FIBA World Championship/Cup tournament. He holds the records for the highest career scoring average (33.5 points per game), and the most total points ever scored in a single tournament, which he set at the 1986 FIBA World Championship.
Galis, who was named the Greek Male Athlete of the Year three times (1986, 1987, 1989), is highly revered in Greece, where he is considered by many to be one of the greatest national athletes that the country has ever had. His years with Aris Thessaloniki and the Greece national team, lifted Greek basketball from a place of relative obscurity, to both European and global power status. Galis was the sports icon that eventually inspired thousands of Greeks to take up playing the game of basketball.
Early life and high school
Galis was born in Union City, New Jersey. The child of a poor immigrant family, from the Greek islands of Rhodes and Nisyros, Galis took up boxing in his early years, after his father, George Georgalis, who had also been a boxer in his youth. He was later persuaded to give up boxing by his mother, Stella Georgalis, who was terrified after each time that her son would return home from boxing training with a new facial injury. As a result, Galis started playing the sport of basketball instead of boxing. He attended Union Hill High School, in Union City, where he played high school basketball for legendary coach William J. McKeever , as well as American football.
College career
After high school, Galis enrolled at Seton Hall University, where he played college basketball as a member of the Seton Hall Pirates. In his senior 1978–79 season, Galis saw his scoring average reach 27.5 points per game, which was third in the nation, behind Idaho State's Lawrence Butler (30.1 points per game) and Indiana State's Larry Bird (28.6 points per game), including a 48-point outburst against the University of Santa Clara.Also in his senior year of college, Galis won the Haggerty Award (the New York City metro area's best player award), and the Eastern College Athletic Conference Player of the Year award. The same year, he also played in the Pizza Hut All-American game, alongside Bird and Vinnie Johnson. During his four-year college career, Galis played in a total of 107 games and scored 1,651 points, for a career scoring average of 15.4 points per game.Galis' head coach at Seton Hall, Bill Raftery, would later state that Galis was the best player that he ever coached. While at Seton Hall, Galis was a good friend and roommate of Italian-American professional basketball player Dan Callandrillo. Galis was later inducted into the Seton Hall Athletic Hall of Fame, in 1991.
College stats
Professional career
Boston Celtics
After finishing his collegiate career in 1979, Galis signed with agent Bill Manon, who also managed Diana Ross. Manon did not have Galis work out with any NBA team. Galis was eventually selected by the Boston Celtics in the 4th round of the 1979 NBA draft, 68th overall. Due to a severe ankle injury that Galis suffered during the Celtics preseason training camp of the 1979–80 season, the franchise was no longer interested in offering him a contract because Gerald Henderson had taken his place on the team, and his injury would keep him out for the foreseeable future.
Galis then decided to pursue a professional career in Greece's top-tier level Basket League. Later, while still playing in Greece, he would be offered NBA contracts by the Celtics and the New Jersey Nets. However, he turned the offers down, because at the time, and until 1989, FIBA did not have professional status, and consequently did not allow NBA players to compete at the national team level. Since playing with the Greek men's national basketball team meant so much to him, he stayed in Greece. Celtics then-president Red Auerbach later said that the single biggest mistake he ever made in his career was not keeping Galis.
Aris Thessaloniki
After suffering an ankle injury in the Boston Celtics 1979–80 preseason training camp, which prevented him from receiving a contract with the Celtics, Galis made the move across the Atlantic, and signed to play with Aris Thessaloniki of Greece, in 1979. The two major Greek clubs of Panathinaikos Athens and Olympiacos Piraeus, had also shown some interest in signing him, but it was Aris Thessaloniki's interest that was the most persuasive to Galis. His move to the country would eventually help Greek club basketball to reach a level of popularity that had never been previously imagined.
Galis was the indisputable leader of Aris Thessaloniki, as he averaged more than 30 points per game in nearly every season and competition that he played in with the team. With Aris Thessaloniki, he played alongside other great European players like Panagiotis Giannakis and Slobodan Subotić, who was known in Greece as Lefteris Soumpotits. With Aris Thessaloniki, Galis won eight Greek League championships, in the years 1983, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991. He won seven out of his eight Greek League championships in consecutive years, with three of those championships being won in undefeated seasons. He also won six Greek Cup titles with Aris Thessaloniki, in the years 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1992. Four of his six Greek Cup titles were won in consecutive years.
In the top-level European-wide club competition, the FIBA European Champions' Cup (EuroLeague), Galis led Aris Thessaloniki to three consecutive appearances at the competition's Final Four. Galis' team played at the 1988 Ghent Final Four, the 1989 Munich Final Four, and the 1990 Zaragoza Final Four. In the one major disappointment of an otherwise glittering club career with Aris Thessaloniki, all three of Galis' FIBA European Champions' Cup Final Four appearances ended in losses in the semifinals. Which thus deprived him of the opportunity to shine all the way onto Europe's biggest club stage, at the FIBA European Champions' Cup Finals (EuroLeague Finals). However, the team's performances and general standard of play, won over the hearts of most basketball fans in Greece. In fact, cinemas and theaters in Greece would often reduce their ticket admission prices on Thursday evenings, when Aris Thessaloniki was playing games, as large segments of the country settled down to watch them on television.
In June 1991, Galis was chosen as a member of The Balkans Selection All-Star Team that played against The European Selection All-Star Team at the 1991 FIBA Centennial Jubilee. The 1991 FIBA Jubilee event was held in order to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the creation of the sport of basketball in 1891, by the Canadian James Naismith. The FIBA Jubilee All-Star Game took place at the Peace and Friendship Stadium, in Piraeus, Athens, Greece, and it included numerous legends of European basketball. The Balkans' All-Star Selection won the game, by a score of 103–102. Galis was the game's top scorer, with 20 points.
On 19 December 1991, in one of his final FIBA EuroLeague games with Aris Thessaloniki, Galis rolled back the clock. At the age of 34, he scored 46 points, on 13/20 field goals overall, 8/14 2-point field goals, 5/6 3-point field goals, and 15/18 free throws, in a 111–108 loss against the Italian League club Olimpia Milano. However, Aris Thessaloniki's 1991–92 FIBA EuroLeague season was a disappointment, as the club finished group stage play with a record of 3–11.
Also in that same 1991–92 season, in a Greek League game against Panionios Athens, Galis scored 48 points, on 17/21 field goals overall, 15/18 2-point field goals, 2/3 3-point field goals, and 12/13 free throws. However, Aris Thessaloniki failed to make it to the 1992 Greek League's Finals. It was the first time that the team had not won the Greek League championship, since 1984.
Eventually, the 1991–92 season ended up being Galis' final campaign with Aris Thessaloniki. At that time, the team was under new management and was trying to bring down the club's debts. That combined with Galis' huge salary for that time, and the fact that the team was in a period of decline, were the main causes for his departure. Galis, who adored the city of Thessaloniki and Aris' fans, had originally insisted on remaining in the club and playing for the team, as he believed that he still had a lot to offer the club. Ultimately however, Galis was forced to leave the club. In his last game for the club, Galis scored 18 points (6/9, 6/9, 0/2) as Aris beat AEK 74–62 to win yet another Greek Cup title in 1992.
Panathinaikos Athens
Galis moved to Athens, in the summer of 1992, to play with Panathinaikos. He was the player who then led the "Greens" to a club rebirth, after it had suffered through a long drought period, during which the historical team had remained without winning any titles. The previous season (1991–92) had been particularly disappointing for the club, with the team finishing in eighth place in the Greek league. As the team's captain, Galis inspired the young players of Panathinaikos Athens, such as Fragiskos Alvertis and Nikos Oikonomou, and he gradually brought back hope to the team's fans. So much so, as to the point that the club's then home arena, Glyfada Indoor Hall, was always overcrowded. In that season (1992–93), Panathinaikos Athens finished in second place in the Greek league, and also won the Greek Cup title, which was the seventh Greek Cup title for Galis.
In the following 1993–94 season, Galis was the FIBA European League (EuroLeague)'s Top Scorer, with an average of 23.8 points per game, in 21 games played. He also led the league in assists, with an average of 4.7 assists per game. In Panathinaikos Athens' decisive Game 3 victory of the FIBA European League's quarterfinals, against the then reigning league champions, the French League club Limoges, Galis truly led Panathinaikos Athens into a new club era. Galis led Panathinaikos Athens' qualification to the 1994 Tel Aviv FIBA European League Final Four, by scoring 30 points in the deciding playoff game, on 12–16 (75%) field goal shooting in the game. The "Greens" eventually finished in third place in the FIBA European League that season, after they lost in the semifinals to their arch-rivals Olympiacos Piraeus, by a score of 77–72.
However, it was still the furthest that the club had reached in the competition since the 1971–72 season. Galis scored 30 points in Panathinaikos Athens' win in the Final Four's third place game against the Spanish League club FC Barcelona, as he led all scorers in the game, with 30 points. Galis was named to the All-Final Four Team.
In what proved to be one of his final games for Panathinaikos, during the 3rd/4th place playoff series against Panionios in May 1994, Galis went scoreless in a game for the first time in his professional career in Greece, ending game 2 (which Panathinaikos lost 93–71) with 0/4 two-point shots from 29 minutes' play. Galis rallied to score 18 and 22 points in games 3 and 4, both of which Panathinaikos won to seal 3rd spot and a place in the FIBA European League for the following season.
In his third season with Panthinaikos Athens (1994–95), Galis teamed up with Panagiotis Giannakis and Žarko Paspalj, to make a strong effort to win the championship of the FIBA European League. Galis was the player who led Panathinaikos Athens to the competition's Top 16 group stage, as he prevented their elimination from the competition against the Ukrainian Super League club Budivelnyk Kyiv, with a game-high of 23 points in the club's decisive second-leg game victory. Galis was also the leader of the team in their Greek Cup win against Olympiacos Piraeus, at the Sporting Sports Arena.
At the age of 37, Galis played in his last game in professional basketball, as a player of Panathinaikos Athens, on October 12, 1994. It was in a game against Dafni Athens, in Week 1 of the Greek League's 1994–95 season. In that game, Galis scored a total of 8 points (2/2, 3/3), in 35 minutes of playing time. Panathinaikos Athens won the game in a blowout, by a score of 82–60.
Galis' playing career then ended controversially, on October 18, 1994, before Panathinaikos Athens' Week 2 game of the Greek League's 1994–95 season. Kostas Politis, who was the head coach of Panathinaikos Athens at the time, decided not to include Galis in the team's starting line-up of that Greek League game versus Ampelokipoi Athens. In protest against the head coach's decision, Galis left the arena, and ultimately, he never returned to playing action again. His retirement was officially announced in the media, on September 29, 1995.
During his pro club basketball career, Galis scored a total of 12,864 points, in 384 Greek Basket League games played, for a career scoring average of 33.5 points per game. In the 55 career Greek Cup games in which he played, he scored a total of 1,935 points, for a career scoring average of 35.2 points per game. He also averaged 42.5 points per game, in the two Greek Super Cup games that he played in. He scored a total of 864 points, in 23 FIBA Korać Cup games, for a career scoring average of 37.6 points per game. In the FIBA EuroLeague, he scored a total of 4,047 points, in 125 games played, for a career scoring average of 32.4 points per game. Overall, in all of the pro club competitions that he played in, Galis scored a total of 19,795 points, in 589 games played, for a pro club career scoring average of 33.6 points per game.
Career pro club statistics
Greek League season by season scoring stats
(Regular season and postseason)
Season by season scoring stats in European-wide leagues
National team career
Galis first played with the Greece men's national basketball team at the 1980 FIBA European Olympic Qualifying Tournament. He averaged 20.5 points per game at the tournament. His tournament single-game scoring high was 30 points, which came in a game against Switzerland. However, Greece failed to qualify for the 1980 Moscow Summer Olympic Games. At the 1981 EuroBasket, Galis averaged 19.9 points per game. Greece finished the tournament in 9th place. At the 1983 EuroBasket, Galis averaged 33.6 points per game, and he was the tournament's leading scorer. Greece finished the tournament in 11th place.
On 20 November 1983, Galis played in a friendly game against the North Carolina Tar Heels, at The Demetria Tournament '83. The game took place at the Alexandreio Melathron arena. During that game, Galis, who was Greece's shooting guard, was guarded by North Carolina's shooting guard, Michael Jordan. Galis scored 24 points during the game.At the 1984 FIBA European Olympic Qualifying Tournament, Galis averaged 31.6 points per game, and he was the tournament's leading scorer. His tournament single-game scoring high was 45 points, which came in a game against Great Britain. However, Greece failed to qualify for the 1984 Los Angeles Summer Olympic Games.
With Greece, Galis won the bronze medal at the 1984 Balkan Championship. At the 1986 FIBA World Championship, Galis led the tournament in scoring, as he averaged 33.7 points per game. During the tournament, he had a 53-point outburst in a game against Panama. Greece finished the tournament in 10th place. With Greece, Galis won the gold medal at the 1986 Balkan Championship.
Galis next led the Greece national team to the 1987 EuroBasket gold medal. Galis led the tournament in scoring, as he averaged 37.0 points per game. He scored 40 points in the tournament's finals against the Soviet Union national team and its legendary player, Šarūnas Marčiulionis, as he led Greece to a 103–101 victory. He was named the MVP of the tournament.
At the 1988 FIBA European Olympic Qualifying Tournament, Galis averaged 28.4 points per game, and he was the tournament's leading scorer. His tournament single-game scoring high was 35 points, which came in a game against Germany. However, Greece failed to qualify for the 1988 Seoul Summer Olympic Games.
Galis also led Greece to the silver medal at the 1989 EuroBasket, which he led in scoring, with an average of 35.6 points per game. Galis is most remembered from that tournament, for a stunning effort against the Soviet team led by Marčiulionis, and its other star player, Arvydas Sabonis, in their semifinals game. Galis scored 45 out of his team's 81 total points, in a dramatic last-gasp 81–80 victory. The Greek team then settled for a second-place finish, after they lost against the dominant Yugoslav national team, in the tournament's finals.
Galis also represented Greece at the 1991 FIBA Centennial Jubilee, which commemorated the 100th anniversary of the creation of the sport of basketball, by the Canadian James Naismith. The Jubilee tournament took place at the Peace and Friendship Stadium, in Piraeus, Athens, Greece. In three games played during the tournament, Galis averaged 21.0 points per game.
At the 1991 EuroBasket, Galis averaged 32.4 points per game, and he also led the tournament in scoring. In total, Galis was the leading scorer of the EuroBasket four times. He was also a four-time All-EuroBasket Team member.
In total, Galis played in 168 FIBA-recognized games with the Greece national team, in which he scored a total of 5,129 points, for a career scoring average of 30.5 points per game. Galis is in the second place, on the list of the all-time career scoring leaders in the history of Greece's senior national team. Panagiotis Giannakis is in first place on the list.
Greek senior national team career statistics
Greece National Team scoring stats by tournament
Galis' top 10 scoring FIBA games
Highest scoring single games by competition
Player profile
Galis was not only a legendary scorer, he was also a great play maker and passer. The majority of his points scored came inside the paint area, due to his penetrating ability. Galis' mid-range jumper was one of his biggest offensive weapons, as he was able to consistently make it against defensive pressure. Galis' great strength and leaping ability allowed him to have an excellent post game against other guards, despite his short stature, as compared to most other players. Another enormous competitive advantage that Galis possessed was his incredible stamina, which was due to his exemplary physical conditioning. At the 1987 EuroBasket, after the first game of the competition, Galis was never substituted out of any of the tournament's remaining games. His stamina and conditioning led to him being given the nickname of "The Iron Man".
Post-playing career and personal life
Galis is married to Eleni Panagiotou, and he has one daughter, named Stella. Since his official retirement from playing professional club basketball on September 29, 1995, and up until early 2006, Galis was the owner of a summer basketball camp in Chalkidiki, Greece. The basketball camp was listed at the Athens Stock Exchange. As a token of appreciation for his contribution to Greek sport, Galis was chosen to be the first torch bearer, in the final round of the Olympic Flame, for the Athens 2004 Summer Olympics. Galis entered the stadium at the conclusion of the Opening Ceremony, and set off the procession of the flame to the altar.
In September 2007, Galis was inducted as a member of the first class of the FIBA Hall of Fame, which includes the best basketball players in the history of the game internationally. Galis was inducted as a player. Bill Russell, of the famous Boston Celtics dynasty, was another one of the 16 inaugural player inductees. Galis was also entered into the Eurobasket.com website's European Basketball Hall of Fame, inducted as a player.
In May 2013, his former club team Aris Thessaloniki, renamed the court of their home arena, the Alexandreio Melathron, to "Nick Galis Hall". The club also organized a celebration of Galis' life and career, and retired his number 6 Aris jersey. The event was attended by many of his former teammates and opponents, from the 1980s and 1990s. Some of the attendees included the majority of the Greece men's national basketball team's 1987 EuroBasket gold medal-winning team, as well as numerous other international basketball stars who played against Galis over the years, such as Dino Rađja, Jordi Villacampa, and Doron Jamchi, among others.
On April 1, 2017, it was announced that Galis would be inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, as part of the 2017 Hall of Fame class. Galis was later inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, on September 9, 2017. He became one of the very few men's basketball players from around the world, to be inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame, without having ever played in the NBA. On June 14, 2016, exactly 29 years after Greece's national team won the gold medal at the 1987 EuroBasket, the court of the biggest basketball arena in Greece, the OAKA Olympic Indoor Hall, was named the "Nikos Galis Olympic Indoor Hall", in his honour.
Quotes about Galis
"I never thought that there was such a good offensive player in Europe, and especially in Greece.", Michael Jordan
"I've seen Galis do things, that I've seen neither Lakers nor Celtics do.", Bob McAdoo
"I admire him. When he plays one on one, there's no way to stop him. I didn't think that there would ever be a player, who by himself, could cause nightmares and even beat the Soviet Union.", Sergei Belov
"If Galis wants to score, he will score no matter who's defending him.", Arvydas Sabonis
"If I'm The Son of the Devil, then Galis is The Devil himself.", Dražen Petrović
'"I’d like to be on the same team with him, so I could pass to him, and then watch him score a basket.”, Dražen Petrović
"Although Drazen (i.e. Petrović) is my brother, for the best athlete of 1987, I voted for Galis."', Aco Petrović
"Galis is a great player. He is one of the best European players. He was a really tough opponent, he floated in the air, he was one of the best.", Dino Radja
"Petrović and Galis were the most charismatic players I've ever known. "Galis is the only player who made me shudder.", Doron Jamchi
"Everyone who plays basketball, owes Galis money.", Fanis Christodoulou
"If we played together, we would have scored 300 points in every game!", Vassilis Goumas
"The man is a computer! If he had played with us in AEK in the '60s, we would have been undefeated.", Georgios Amerikanos
"A European and Greek basketball changed. It is my honor to play with him. He is the greatest of all time "., Sasha Volkov
"I've seen many players in my career, but what Galis does on the floor, only 2–3 in the world can do.", Audie Norris
"Who wouldn't want to play with Galis? I would definitely give the ball to Galis on the last play. Galis changed basketball in Greece and Europe.", Audie Norris
"Galis wasn't affected by anything. I count him among the five best players of Europe.", Georgios Sigalas
"In Greece, Galis is what Michael Jordan is in America.", Steve Giatzoglou
"Galis is the player of the 21st century.", Alexander Gomelsky, USSR head coach.
"I had nightmares of Galis all night.", Pierre Dao, Limoges head coach.
"I had given specific instructions on how to defend against the other 4 players. As for Nikos, we just had to sit down and pray!", Wojciech Krajewski, Lech Poznan head coach.
"There is only one way I can think of to stop Nikos from scoring. Lock him up in his hotel room, so that he can't come to the arena.", Ruud Harrewijn, Dutch national team head coach.
Awards and accomplishments
Galis won numerous titles and awards during his career and had many memorable single game performances. The following are some of them:
College
Haggerty Award (New York Metro Area Player of the Year): 1979
ECAC Player of the Year: 1979
Member of the Seton Hall Athletic Hall of Fame: 1991
Pro career
Titles:
8× Greek League Champion: 1983, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991
7× Greek Cup Winner: 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993
Greek Super Cup Winner: 1986(In total, he won 16 trophies in his pro club career as a player.)Personal awards and achievements:
11× Greek League Top Scorer: 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991
Greek Super Cup Finals Top Scorer: 1986
3× Greek Male Athlete of the Year: 1986, 1987, 1989
5× Greek Cup Finals Top Scorer: 1987, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993
5× Greek League Finals MVP: 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991
2× FIBA European Selection: 1987, 1991 I
Mediterranean Player of the Year: 1987
Euroscar European Player of the Year: 1987
Mr. Europa European Player of the Year: 1987
L'Équipe Champion of Champions' 10th Best Athlete in the World: 1987
5× FIBA EuroLeague Top Scorer: 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1994
5× Greek League MVP: 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992
4× Greek League Assist Leader: 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994
2× Greek League All-Star (1991, 1994 I)
FIBA EuroLeague Assists Leader: 1994
FIBA EuroLeague All-Final Four Team: (1994)
EuroLeague Final Four all-time career scoring leader: 231 points (28.9 points per game).
Greek Championship (amateur era) all-time career scoring leader: 12,864 points (33.5 points per game) – Vassilis Spanoulis is the league's professional era all-time career scoring leader.
Greek Cup all-time career scoring leader: 1,935 points (35.2 points per game).
FIBA's 50 Greatest Players: 1991
Member of the FIBA Hall of Fame: 2007
50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors: 2008
No. 6 jersey retired by Aris: 2013
Member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame: 2017
101 Greats of European Basketball: 2018
HoopsHype's 75 Greatest International Players Ever: 2021
Greek Basket League Hall of Fame: 2022
Along with Panagiotis Giannakis, he led Aris Thessaloniki to an 80-game winning streak in the Greek League, in the 1980s.
His personal career single-game scoring high in a Greek League game was 62 points, which was achieved in a game on 24 January 1981, during the 1980–81 season (Aris Thessaloniki vs. Ionikos Nikaias). However, in the same game, Ionikos' superstar, Panagiotis Giannakis, who would later go on to become Galis' teammate on Aris, scored 73 points.
His personal career single-game scoring high in the Greek Cup tournament was 52 points against Panellinios Athens, in the 1987 Greek Cup Final (15 April 1987).
His personal career single-game scoring high in a European-wide continental club competition was 56 points against Vasas (5 November 1980), during the 1980–81 season of the FIBA Korać Cup.
His personal career single-game scoring high in the FIBA European Champions' Cup (now called the EuroLeague), was 52 points, which he achieved twice. He scored 52 points versus Oostende in 1986–87 (2 October 1986). He also scored 52 points versus Lech Poznań in 1989–90 (7 December 1989).
In 1993, while playing in the Greek League with Panathinaikos Athens, in a revenge game against his former team Aris Thessaloniki, he had a game for the ages. In the game, Galis made all 13 of his field goal attempts.
4,047 points scored in 125 FIBA EuroLeague games played (32.4 points per game), and 864 points scored in 23 FIBA Korać Cup games played (37.6 points per game).
Greece National Team
1983 EuroBasket: All-Tournament Team
1984 Balkan Championship: Bronze
1986 FIBA World Championship: Top Scorer (33.7 points per game)
1986 Balkan Championship: Gold
1987 EuroBasket: Gold
1989 EuroBasket: Silver
1987 EuroBasket: Most Valuable Player
4× FIBA EuroBasket All-Tournament Team: 1983, 1987, 1989, 1991
4× FIBA EuroBasket Top Scorer: 1983 (33.6 points per game), 1987 (37.0 points per game), 1989 (35.6 points per game), 1991 (32.4 points per game)
2× FIBA European Olympic Qualification Top Scorer: 1984 (31.6 points per game), 1988 (28.4 points per game)
At the 1986 FIBA World Championship, he scored 53 points in a game against Panama.
In the 1987 EuroBasket Finals, he scored 40 points against the Soviet Union.
In the 1989 EuroBasket Semifinals, he scored 45 points against the Soviet Union.
In 168 FIBA-recognized games played with the Greece men's national basketball team, he averaged 30.5 points per game.
Greece men's national basketball team's 2nd all-time career scoring leader (behind Panagiotis Giannakis): 5,167 total points scored, in 169 total games played (30.6 points per game). However, only 5,129 points in 168 games (30.5 points per game), is officially recognized.
Galis was the top scorer in every major European and world international competition that he participated in from 1983 onward: the 1983 EuroBasket, the 1984 FIBA European Olympic Qualification, the 1986 FIBA World Championship, the 1987 EuroBasket, the 1988 FIBA European Olympic Qualification, the 1989 EuroBasket, and the 1991 EuroBasket.
See also
Basketball in the United States
FIBA Europe
Sources
Nikos Galis FIBA Archive official website.
Nikos Galis FIBA Europe official website.
Arbel, Y. , "Iron Man Galis", November 08, 2006, FIBA Europe official website.
Nikos Galis Hellenic Basketball Federation official website (in Greek).
Eurobasket.com's HALL OF FAME.
Rabotas, G. (2003). Nikos Galis, A Legend like I have known him. Athens: Psychogios. ISBN 960-87979-0-5.
BASKET ARIS – Unofficial fan site dedicated to ARIS B.C.
Notes
References
External links
Twitter Account (in Greek)
NBA Draft Profile
Nikos Galis FIBA Hall of Fame Profile
Euroleague.net 50 Greatest Contributors
FIBA Profile
Galis FIBA Europe Profile
Hellenic Basketball Federation Profile (in Greek)
Interbasket.net Galis Profile
FIBAEurope.com Galis Story
Euroleague.net A scoring machine
101 Greats: Nikos Galis
Τα “κανόνια” του ελληνικού Πρωταθλήματος: Νίκος Γκάλης (in Greek)
Nick Galis Unofficial Website
GrHomeBoy.com Galis Inducted into FIBA Hall of Fame
Books.Google.com Seton Hall Pirates Nick Galis
SHUPPirates.com Seton Hall – Galis
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Nikolaos Georgalis (Greek: Νικόλαος Γεωργαλής; born July 23, 1957), commonly known as either Nikos Galis (Greek: Νίκος Γκάλης), or Nick Galis, is a Greek former professional basketball player. Galis, who during his playing days was nicknamed, "Nick The Greek", "The Gangster", and "The Iron Man", is widely regarded as Europe's greatest scorer to ever play the game, and as one of the all-time greatest players in FIBA international basketball history. In 1991, Galis was named one of FIBA's 50 Greatest Players. In 2007, he became an inaugural member of the FIBA Hall of Fame. In 2008, he was chosen as one of the 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors. In 2017, he was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.During his college basketball career at Seton Hall University, Galis played at the point guard position. However, his primary position during his pro career was shooting guard. He spent most of his club playing career with Aris Thessaloniki, before having a late career stint with Panathinaikos Athens. Among qualified players, he is the EuroLeague's all-time leader in points per game scoring average, when counting both the FIBA and EuroLeague Basketball eras (1958–present). He was also the league's top scorer of the season, numerous times. In Europe's premier basketball club competition, he reached the EuroLeague Final Four on four occasions, making it in three consecutive years with Aris (1988, 1989, 1990), and in another year with Panathinaikos (1994). Galis won eight Greek league championships, and he is also the Greek Championship's amateur era all-time leading scorer, in both career points scored and career scoring average, when counting all league formats prior to the league becoming fully professional, in the 1992–93 season.
Galis led the Greece men's national basketball team to the EuroBasket's gold medal in 1987, and he earned the tournament's MVP award in the process. Following his stunning success in winning the 1987 EuroBasket title, Galis won both the Mr. Europa and the Euroscar player of the year awards. He also led Greece to a silver medal at the 1989 EuroBasket, where he was also selected to the All-EuroBasket Team. Overall during his national team career, he was named to the All-EuroBasket Team four times (1983, 1987, 1989, 1991). Among his myriad of accomplishments, he holds the EuroBasket's record for the highest career scoring average (31.2 points per game), and he was also the leading scorer of four EuroBasket tournaments, in 1983, 1987, 1989, and 1991. Galis also owns two major records of the FIBA World Championship/Cup tournament. He holds the records for the highest career scoring average (33.5 points per game), and the most total points ever scored in a single tournament, which he set at the 1986 FIBA World Championship.
Galis, who was named the Greek Male Athlete of the Year three times (1986, 1987, 1989), is highly revered in Greece, where he is considered by many to be one of the greatest national athletes that the country has ever had. His years with Aris Thessaloniki and the Greece national team, lifted Greek basketball from a place of relative obscurity, to both European and global power status. Galis was the sports icon that eventually inspired thousands of Greeks to take up playing the game of basketball.
Early life and high school
Galis was born in Union City, New Jersey. The child of a poor immigrant family, from the Greek islands of Rhodes and Nisyros, Galis took up boxing in his early years, after his father, George Georgalis, who had also been a boxer in his youth. He was later persuaded to give up boxing by his mother, Stella Georgalis, who was terrified after each time that her son would return home from boxing training with a new facial injury. As a result, Galis started playing the sport of basketball instead of boxing. He attended Union Hill High School, in Union City, where he played high school basketball for legendary coach William J. McKeever , as well as American football.
College career
After high school, Galis enrolled at Seton Hall University, where he played college basketball as a member of the Seton Hall Pirates. In his senior 1978–79 season, Galis saw his scoring average reach 27.5 points per game, which was third in the nation, behind Idaho State's Lawrence Butler (30.1 points per game) and Indiana State's Larry Bird (28.6 points per game), including a 48-point outburst against the University of Santa Clara.Also in his senior year of college, Galis won the Haggerty Award (the New York City metro area's best player award), and the Eastern College Athletic Conference Player of the Year award. The same year, he also played in the Pizza Hut All-American game, alongside Bird and Vinnie Johnson. During his four-year college career, Galis played in a total of 107 games and scored 1,651 points, for a career scoring average of 15.4 points per game.Galis' head coach at Seton Hall, Bill Raftery, would later state that Galis was the best player that he ever coached. While at Seton Hall, Galis was a good friend and roommate of Italian-American professional basketball player Dan Callandrillo. Galis was later inducted into the Seton Hall Athletic Hall of Fame, in 1991.
College stats
Professional career
Boston Celtics
After finishing his collegiate career in 1979, Galis signed with agent Bill Manon, who also managed Diana Ross. Manon did not have Galis work out with any NBA team. Galis was eventually selected by the Boston Celtics in the 4th round of the 1979 NBA draft, 68th overall. Due to a severe ankle injury that Galis suffered during the Celtics preseason training camp of the 1979–80 season, the franchise was no longer interested in offering him a contract because Gerald Henderson had taken his place on the team, and his injury would keep him out for the foreseeable future.
Galis then decided to pursue a professional career in Greece's top-tier level Basket League. Later, while still playing in Greece, he would be offered NBA contracts by the Celtics and the New Jersey Nets. However, he turned the offers down, because at the time, and until 1989, FIBA did not have professional status, and consequently did not allow NBA players to compete at the national team level. Since playing with the Greek men's national basketball team meant so much to him, he stayed in Greece. Celtics then-president Red Auerbach later said that the single biggest mistake he ever made in his career was not keeping Galis.
Aris Thessaloniki
After suffering an ankle injury in the Boston Celtics 1979–80 preseason training camp, which prevented him from receiving a contract with the Celtics, Galis made the move across the Atlantic, and signed to play with Aris Thessaloniki of Greece, in 1979. The two major Greek clubs of Panathinaikos Athens and Olympiacos Piraeus, had also shown some interest in signing him, but it was Aris Thessaloniki's interest that was the most persuasive to Galis. His move to the country would eventually help Greek club basketball to reach a level of popularity that had never been previously imagined.
Galis was the indisputable leader of Aris Thessaloniki, as he averaged more than 30 points per game in nearly every season and competition that he played in with the team. With Aris Thessaloniki, he played alongside other great European players like Panagiotis Giannakis and Slobodan Subotić, who was known in Greece as Lefteris Soumpotits. With Aris Thessaloniki, Galis won eight Greek League championships, in the years 1983, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991. He won seven out of his eight Greek League championships in consecutive years, with three of those championships being won in undefeated seasons. He also won six Greek Cup titles with Aris Thessaloniki, in the years 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1992. Four of his six Greek Cup titles were won in consecutive years.
In the top-level European-wide club competition, the FIBA European Champions' Cup (EuroLeague), Galis led Aris Thessaloniki to three consecutive appearances at the competition's Final Four. Galis' team played at the 1988 Ghent Final Four, the 1989 Munich Final Four, and the 1990 Zaragoza Final Four. In the one major disappointment of an otherwise glittering club career with Aris Thessaloniki, all three of Galis' FIBA European Champions' Cup Final Four appearances ended in losses in the semifinals. Which thus deprived him of the opportunity to shine all the way onto Europe's biggest club stage, at the FIBA European Champions' Cup Finals (EuroLeague Finals). However, the team's performances and general standard of play, won over the hearts of most basketball fans in Greece. In fact, cinemas and theaters in Greece would often reduce their ticket admission prices on Thursday evenings, when Aris Thessaloniki was playing games, as large segments of the country settled down to watch them on television.
In June 1991, Galis was chosen as a member of The Balkans Selection All-Star Team that played against The European Selection All-Star Team at the 1991 FIBA Centennial Jubilee. The 1991 FIBA Jubilee event was held in order to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the creation of the sport of basketball in 1891, by the Canadian James Naismith. The FIBA Jubilee All-Star Game took place at the Peace and Friendship Stadium, in Piraeus, Athens, Greece, and it included numerous legends of European basketball. The Balkans' All-Star Selection won the game, by a score of 103–102. Galis was the game's top scorer, with 20 points.
On 19 December 1991, in one of his final FIBA EuroLeague games with Aris Thessaloniki, Galis rolled back the clock. At the age of 34, he scored 46 points, on 13/20 field goals overall, 8/14 2-point field goals, 5/6 3-point field goals, and 15/18 free throws, in a 111–108 loss against the Italian League club Olimpia Milano. However, Aris Thessaloniki's 1991–92 FIBA EuroLeague season was a disappointment, as the club finished group stage play with a record of 3–11.
Also in that same 1991–92 season, in a Greek League game against Panionios Athens, Galis scored 48 points, on 17/21 field goals overall, 15/18 2-point field goals, 2/3 3-point field goals, and 12/13 free throws. However, Aris Thessaloniki failed to make it to the 1992 Greek League's Finals. It was the first time that the team had not won the Greek League championship, since 1984.
Eventually, the 1991–92 season ended up being Galis' final campaign with Aris Thessaloniki. At that time, the team was under new management and was trying to bring down the club's debts. That combined with Galis' huge salary for that time, and the fact that the team was in a period of decline, were the main causes for his departure. Galis, who adored the city of Thessaloniki and Aris' fans, had originally insisted on remaining in the club and playing for the team, as he believed that he still had a lot to offer the club. Ultimately however, Galis was forced to leave the club. In his last game for the club, Galis scored 18 points (6/9, 6/9, 0/2) as Aris beat AEK 74–62 to win yet another Greek Cup title in 1992.
Panathinaikos Athens
Galis moved to Athens, in the summer of 1992, to play with Panathinaikos. He was the player who then led the "Greens" to a club rebirth, after it had suffered through a long drought period, during which the historical team had remained without winning any titles. The previous season (1991–92) had been particularly disappointing for the club, with the team finishing in eighth place in the Greek league. As the team's captain, Galis inspired the young players of Panathinaikos Athens, such as Fragiskos Alvertis and Nikos Oikonomou, and he gradually brought back hope to the team's fans. So much so, as to the point that the club's then home arena, Glyfada Indoor Hall, was always overcrowded. In that season (1992–93), Panathinaikos Athens finished in second place in the Greek league, and also won the Greek Cup title, which was the seventh Greek Cup title for Galis.
In the following 1993–94 season, Galis was the FIBA European League (EuroLeague)'s Top Scorer, with an average of 23.8 points per game, in 21 games played. He also led the league in assists, with an average of 4.7 assists per game. In Panathinaikos Athens' decisive Game 3 victory of the FIBA European League's quarterfinals, against the then reigning league champions, the French League club Limoges, Galis truly led Panathinaikos Athens into a new club era. Galis led Panathinaikos Athens' qualification to the 1994 Tel Aviv FIBA European League Final Four, by scoring 30 points in the deciding playoff game, on 12–16 (75%) field goal shooting in the game. The "Greens" eventually finished in third place in the FIBA European League that season, after they lost in the semifinals to their arch-rivals Olympiacos Piraeus, by a score of 77–72.
However, it was still the furthest that the club had reached in the competition since the 1971–72 season. Galis scored 30 points in Panathinaikos Athens' win in the Final Four's third place game against the Spanish League club FC Barcelona, as he led all scorers in the game, with 30 points. Galis was named to the All-Final Four Team.
In what proved to be one of his final games for Panathinaikos, during the 3rd/4th place playoff series against Panionios in May 1994, Galis went scoreless in a game for the first time in his professional career in Greece, ending game 2 (which Panathinaikos lost 93–71) with 0/4 two-point shots from 29 minutes' play. Galis rallied to score 18 and 22 points in games 3 and 4, both of which Panathinaikos won to seal 3rd spot and a place in the FIBA European League for the following season.
In his third season with Panthinaikos Athens (1994–95), Galis teamed up with Panagiotis Giannakis and Žarko Paspalj, to make a strong effort to win the championship of the FIBA European League. Galis was the player who led Panathinaikos Athens to the competition's Top 16 group stage, as he prevented their elimination from the competition against the Ukrainian Super League club Budivelnyk Kyiv, with a game-high of 23 points in the club's decisive second-leg game victory. Galis was also the leader of the team in their Greek Cup win against Olympiacos Piraeus, at the Sporting Sports Arena.
At the age of 37, Galis played in his last game in professional basketball, as a player of Panathinaikos Athens, on October 12, 1994. It was in a game against Dafni Athens, in Week 1 of the Greek League's 1994–95 season. In that game, Galis scored a total of 8 points (2/2, 3/3), in 35 minutes of playing time. Panathinaikos Athens won the game in a blowout, by a score of 82–60.
Galis' playing career then ended controversially, on October 18, 1994, before Panathinaikos Athens' Week 2 game of the Greek League's 1994–95 season. Kostas Politis, who was the head coach of Panathinaikos Athens at the time, decided not to include Galis in the team's starting line-up of that Greek League game versus Ampelokipoi Athens. In protest against the head coach's decision, Galis left the arena, and ultimately, he never returned to playing action again. His retirement was officially announced in the media, on September 29, 1995.
During his pro club basketball career, Galis scored a total of 12,864 points, in 384 Greek Basket League games played, for a career scoring average of 33.5 points per game. In the 55 career Greek Cup games in which he played, he scored a total of 1,935 points, for a career scoring average of 35.2 points per game. He also averaged 42.5 points per game, in the two Greek Super Cup games that he played in. He scored a total of 864 points, in 23 FIBA Korać Cup games, for a career scoring average of 37.6 points per game. In the FIBA EuroLeague, he scored a total of 4,047 points, in 125 games played, for a career scoring average of 32.4 points per game. Overall, in all of the pro club competitions that he played in, Galis scored a total of 19,795 points, in 589 games played, for a pro club career scoring average of 33.6 points per game.
Career pro club statistics
Greek League season by season scoring stats
(Regular season and postseason)
Season by season scoring stats in European-wide leagues
National team career
Galis first played with the Greece men's national basketball team at the 1980 FIBA European Olympic Qualifying Tournament. He averaged 20.5 points per game at the tournament. His tournament single-game scoring high was 30 points, which came in a game against Switzerland. However, Greece failed to qualify for the 1980 Moscow Summer Olympic Games. At the 1981 EuroBasket, Galis averaged 19.9 points per game. Greece finished the tournament in 9th place. At the 1983 EuroBasket, Galis averaged 33.6 points per game, and he was the tournament's leading scorer. Greece finished the tournament in 11th place.
On 20 November 1983, Galis played in a friendly game against the North Carolina Tar Heels, at The Demetria Tournament '83. The game took place at the Alexandreio Melathron arena. During that game, Galis, who was Greece's shooting guard, was guarded by North Carolina's shooting guard, Michael Jordan. Galis scored 24 points during the game.At the 1984 FIBA European Olympic Qualifying Tournament, Galis averaged 31.6 points per game, and he was the tournament's leading scorer. His tournament single-game scoring high was 45 points, which came in a game against Great Britain. However, Greece failed to qualify for the 1984 Los Angeles Summer Olympic Games.
With Greece, Galis won the bronze medal at the 1984 Balkan Championship. At the 1986 FIBA World Championship, Galis led the tournament in scoring, as he averaged 33.7 points per game. During the tournament, he had a 53-point outburst in a game against Panama. Greece finished the tournament in 10th place. With Greece, Galis won the gold medal at the 1986 Balkan Championship.
Galis next led the Greece national team to the 1987 EuroBasket gold medal. Galis led the tournament in scoring, as he averaged 37.0 points per game. He scored 40 points in the tournament's finals against the Soviet Union national team and its legendary player, Šarūnas Marčiulionis, as he led Greece to a 103–101 victory. He was named the MVP of the tournament.
At the 1988 FIBA European Olympic Qualifying Tournament, Galis averaged 28.4 points per game, and he was the tournament's leading scorer. His tournament single-game scoring high was 35 points, which came in a game against Germany. However, Greece failed to qualify for the 1988 Seoul Summer Olympic Games.
Galis also led Greece to the silver medal at the 1989 EuroBasket, which he led in scoring, with an average of 35.6 points per game. Galis is most remembered from that tournament, for a stunning effort against the Soviet team led by Marčiulionis, and its other star player, Arvydas Sabonis, in their semifinals game. Galis scored 45 out of his team's 81 total points, in a dramatic last-gasp 81–80 victory. The Greek team then settled for a second-place finish, after they lost against the dominant Yugoslav national team, in the tournament's finals.
Galis also represented Greece at the 1991 FIBA Centennial Jubilee, which commemorated the 100th anniversary of the creation of the sport of basketball, by the Canadian James Naismith. The Jubilee tournament took place at the Peace and Friendship Stadium, in Piraeus, Athens, Greece. In three games played during the tournament, Galis averaged 21.0 points per game.
At the 1991 EuroBasket, Galis averaged 32.4 points per game, and he also led the tournament in scoring. In total, Galis was the leading scorer of the EuroBasket four times. He was also a four-time All-EuroBasket Team member.
In total, Galis played in 168 FIBA-recognized games with the Greece national team, in which he scored a total of 5,129 points, for a career scoring average of 30.5 points per game. Galis is in the second place, on the list of the all-time career scoring leaders in the history of Greece's senior national team. Panagiotis Giannakis is in first place on the list.
Greek senior national team career statistics
Greece National Team scoring stats by tournament
Galis' top 10 scoring FIBA games
Highest scoring single games by competition
Player profile
Galis was not only a legendary scorer, he was also a great play maker and passer. The majority of his points scored came inside the paint area, due to his penetrating ability. Galis' mid-range jumper was one of his biggest offensive weapons, as he was able to consistently make it against defensive pressure. Galis' great strength and leaping ability allowed him to have an excellent post game against other guards, despite his short stature, as compared to most other players. Another enormous competitive advantage that Galis possessed was his incredible stamina, which was due to his exemplary physical conditioning. At the 1987 EuroBasket, after the first game of the competition, Galis was never substituted out of any of the tournament's remaining games. His stamina and conditioning led to him being given the nickname of "The Iron Man".
Post-playing career and personal life
Galis is married to Eleni Panagiotou, and he has one daughter, named Stella. Since his official retirement from playing professional club basketball on September 29, 1995, and up until early 2006, Galis was the owner of a summer basketball camp in Chalkidiki, Greece. The basketball camp was listed at the Athens Stock Exchange. As a token of appreciation for his contribution to Greek sport, Galis was chosen to be the first torch bearer, in the final round of the Olympic Flame, for the Athens 2004 Summer Olympics. Galis entered the stadium at the conclusion of the Opening Ceremony, and set off the procession of the flame to the altar.
In September 2007, Galis was inducted as a member of the first class of the FIBA Hall of Fame, which includes the best basketball players in the history of the game internationally. Galis was inducted as a player. Bill Russell, of the famous Boston Celtics dynasty, was another one of the 16 inaugural player inductees. Galis was also entered into the Eurobasket.com website's European Basketball Hall of Fame, inducted as a player.
In May 2013, his former club team Aris Thessaloniki, renamed the court of their home arena, the Alexandreio Melathron, to "Nick Galis Hall". The club also organized a celebration of Galis' life and career, and retired his number 6 Aris jersey. The event was attended by many of his former teammates and opponents, from the 1980s and 1990s. Some of the attendees included the majority of the Greece men's national basketball team's 1987 EuroBasket gold medal-winning team, as well as numerous other international basketball stars who played against Galis over the years, such as Dino Rađja, Jordi Villacampa, and Doron Jamchi, among others.
On April 1, 2017, it was announced that Galis would be inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, as part of the 2017 Hall of Fame class. Galis was later inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, on September 9, 2017. He became one of the very few men's basketball players from around the world, to be inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame, without having ever played in the NBA. On June 14, 2016, exactly 29 years after Greece's national team won the gold medal at the 1987 EuroBasket, the court of the biggest basketball arena in Greece, the OAKA Olympic Indoor Hall, was named the "Nikos Galis Olympic Indoor Hall", in his honour.
Quotes about Galis
"I never thought that there was such a good offensive player in Europe, and especially in Greece.", Michael Jordan
"I've seen Galis do things, that I've seen neither Lakers nor Celtics do.", Bob McAdoo
"I admire him. When he plays one on one, there's no way to stop him. I didn't think that there would ever be a player, who by himself, could cause nightmares and even beat the Soviet Union.", Sergei Belov
"If Galis wants to score, he will score no matter who's defending him.", Arvydas Sabonis
"If I'm The Son of the Devil, then Galis is The Devil himself.", Dražen Petrović
'"I’d like to be on the same team with him, so I could pass to him, and then watch him score a basket.”, Dražen Petrović
"Although Drazen (i.e. Petrović) is my brother, for the best athlete of 1987, I voted for Galis."', Aco Petrović
"Galis is a great player. He is one of the best European players. He was a really tough opponent, he floated in the air, he was one of the best.", Dino Radja
"Petrović and Galis were the most charismatic players I've ever known. "Galis is the only player who made me shudder.", Doron Jamchi
"Everyone who plays basketball, owes Galis money.", Fanis Christodoulou
"If we played together, we would have scored 300 points in every game!", Vassilis Goumas
"The man is a computer! If he had played with us in AEK in the '60s, we would have been undefeated.", Georgios Amerikanos
"A European and Greek basketball changed. It is my honor to play with him. He is the greatest of all time "., Sasha Volkov
"I've seen many players in my career, but what Galis does on the floor, only 2–3 in the world can do.", Audie Norris
"Who wouldn't want to play with Galis? I would definitely give the ball to Galis on the last play. Galis changed basketball in Greece and Europe.", Audie Norris
"Galis wasn't affected by anything. I count him among the five best players of Europe.", Georgios Sigalas
"In Greece, Galis is what Michael Jordan is in America.", Steve Giatzoglou
"Galis is the player of the 21st century.", Alexander Gomelsky, USSR head coach.
"I had nightmares of Galis all night.", Pierre Dao, Limoges head coach.
"I had given specific instructions on how to defend against the other 4 players. As for Nikos, we just had to sit down and pray!", Wojciech Krajewski, Lech Poznan head coach.
"There is only one way I can think of to stop Nikos from scoring. Lock him up in his hotel room, so that he can't come to the arena.", Ruud Harrewijn, Dutch national team head coach.
Awards and accomplishments
Galis won numerous titles and awards during his career and had many memorable single game performances. The following are some of them:
College
Haggerty Award (New York Metro Area Player of the Year): 1979
ECAC Player of the Year: 1979
Member of the Seton Hall Athletic Hall of Fame: 1991
Pro career
Titles:
8× Greek League Champion: 1983, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991
7× Greek Cup Winner: 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993
Greek Super Cup Winner: 1986(In total, he won 16 trophies in his pro club career as a player.)Personal awards and achievements:
11× Greek League Top Scorer: 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991
Greek Super Cup Finals Top Scorer: 1986
3× Greek Male Athlete of the Year: 1986, 1987, 1989
5× Greek Cup Finals Top Scorer: 1987, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993
5× Greek League Finals MVP: 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991
2× FIBA European Selection: 1987, 1991 I
Mediterranean Player of the Year: 1987
Euroscar European Player of the Year: 1987
Mr. Europa European Player of the Year: 1987
L'Équipe Champion of Champions' 10th Best Athlete in the World: 1987
5× FIBA EuroLeague Top Scorer: 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1994
5× Greek League MVP: 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992
4× Greek League Assist Leader: 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994
2× Greek League All-Star (1991, 1994 I)
FIBA EuroLeague Assists Leader: 1994
FIBA EuroLeague All-Final Four Team: (1994)
EuroLeague Final Four all-time career scoring leader: 231 points (28.9 points per game).
Greek Championship (amateur era) all-time career scoring leader: 12,864 points (33.5 points per game) – Vassilis Spanoulis is the league's professional era all-time career scoring leader.
Greek Cup all-time career scoring leader: 1,935 points (35.2 points per game).
FIBA's 50 Greatest Players: 1991
Member of the FIBA Hall of Fame: 2007
50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors: 2008
No. 6 jersey retired by Aris: 2013
Member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame: 2017
101 Greats of European Basketball: 2018
HoopsHype's 75 Greatest International Players Ever: 2021
Greek Basket League Hall of Fame: 2022
Along with Panagiotis Giannakis, he led Aris Thessaloniki to an 80-game winning streak in the Greek League, in the 1980s.
His personal career single-game scoring high in a Greek League game was 62 points, which was achieved in a game on 24 January 1981, during the 1980–81 season (Aris Thessaloniki vs. Ionikos Nikaias). However, in the same game, Ionikos' superstar, Panagiotis Giannakis, who would later go on to become Galis' teammate on Aris, scored 73 points.
His personal career single-game scoring high in the Greek Cup tournament was 52 points against Panellinios Athens, in the 1987 Greek Cup Final (15 April 1987).
His personal career single-game scoring high in a European-wide continental club competition was 56 points against Vasas (5 November 1980), during the 1980–81 season of the FIBA Korać Cup.
His personal career single-game scoring high in the FIBA European Champions' Cup (now called the EuroLeague), was 52 points, which he achieved twice. He scored 52 points versus Oostende in 1986–87 (2 October 1986). He also scored 52 points versus Lech Poznań in 1989–90 (7 December 1989).
In 1993, while playing in the Greek League with Panathinaikos Athens, in a revenge game against his former team Aris Thessaloniki, he had a game for the ages. In the game, Galis made all 13 of his field goal attempts.
4,047 points scored in 125 FIBA EuroLeague games played (32.4 points per game), and 864 points scored in 23 FIBA Korać Cup games played (37.6 points per game).
Greece National Team
1983 EuroBasket: All-Tournament Team
1984 Balkan Championship: Bronze
1986 FIBA World Championship: Top Scorer (33.7 points per game)
1986 Balkan Championship: Gold
1987 EuroBasket: Gold
1989 EuroBasket: Silver
1987 EuroBasket: Most Valuable Player
4× FIBA EuroBasket All-Tournament Team: 1983, 1987, 1989, 1991
4× FIBA EuroBasket Top Scorer: 1983 (33.6 points per game), 1987 (37.0 points per game), 1989 (35.6 points per game), 1991 (32.4 points per game)
2× FIBA European Olympic Qualification Top Scorer: 1984 (31.6 points per game), 1988 (28.4 points per game)
At the 1986 FIBA World Championship, he scored 53 points in a game against Panama.
In the 1987 EuroBasket Finals, he scored 40 points against the Soviet Union.
In the 1989 EuroBasket Semifinals, he scored 45 points against the Soviet Union.
In 168 FIBA-recognized games played with the Greece men's national basketball team, he averaged 30.5 points per game.
Greece men's national basketball team's 2nd all-time career scoring leader (behind Panagiotis Giannakis): 5,167 total points scored, in 169 total games played (30.6 points per game). However, only 5,129 points in 168 games (30.5 points per game), is officially recognized.
Galis was the top scorer in every major European and world international competition that he participated in from 1983 onward: the 1983 EuroBasket, the 1984 FIBA European Olympic Qualification, the 1986 FIBA World Championship, the 1987 EuroBasket, the 1988 FIBA European Olympic Qualification, the 1989 EuroBasket, and the 1991 EuroBasket.
See also
Basketball in the United States
FIBA Europe
Sources
Nikos Galis FIBA Archive official website.
Nikos Galis FIBA Europe official website.
Arbel, Y. , "Iron Man Galis", November 08, 2006, FIBA Europe official website.
Nikos Galis Hellenic Basketball Federation official website (in Greek).
Eurobasket.com's HALL OF FAME.
Rabotas, G. (2003). Nikos Galis, A Legend like I have known him. Athens: Psychogios. ISBN 960-87979-0-5.
BASKET ARIS – Unofficial fan site dedicated to ARIS B.C.
Notes
References
External links
Twitter Account (in Greek)
NBA Draft Profile
Nikos Galis FIBA Hall of Fame Profile
Euroleague.net 50 Greatest Contributors
FIBA Profile
Galis FIBA Europe Profile
Hellenic Basketball Federation Profile (in Greek)
Interbasket.net Galis Profile
FIBAEurope.com Galis Story
Euroleague.net A scoring machine
101 Greats: Nikos Galis
Τα “κανόνια” του ελληνικού Πρωταθλήματος: Νίκος Γκάλης (in Greek)
Nick Galis Unofficial Website
GrHomeBoy.com Galis Inducted into FIBA Hall of Fame
Books.Google.com Seton Hall Pirates Nick Galis
SHUPPirates.com Seton Hall – Galis
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Nikolaos Georgalis (Greek: Νικόλαος Γεωργαλής; born July 23, 1957), commonly known as either Nikos Galis (Greek: Νίκος Γκάλης), or Nick Galis, is a Greek former professional basketball player. Galis, who during his playing days was nicknamed, "Nick The Greek", "The Gangster", and "The Iron Man", is widely regarded as Europe's greatest scorer to ever play the game, and as one of the all-time greatest players in FIBA international basketball history. In 1991, Galis was named one of FIBA's 50 Greatest Players. In 2007, he became an inaugural member of the FIBA Hall of Fame. In 2008, he was chosen as one of the 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors. In 2017, he was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.During his college basketball career at Seton Hall University, Galis played at the point guard position. However, his primary position during his pro career was shooting guard. He spent most of his club playing career with Aris Thessaloniki, before having a late career stint with Panathinaikos Athens. Among qualified players, he is the EuroLeague's all-time leader in points per game scoring average, when counting both the FIBA and EuroLeague Basketball eras (1958–present). He was also the league's top scorer of the season, numerous times. In Europe's premier basketball club competition, he reached the EuroLeague Final Four on four occasions, making it in three consecutive years with Aris (1988, 1989, 1990), and in another year with Panathinaikos (1994). Galis won eight Greek league championships, and he is also the Greek Championship's amateur era all-time leading scorer, in both career points scored and career scoring average, when counting all league formats prior to the league becoming fully professional, in the 1992–93 season.
Galis led the Greece men's national basketball team to the EuroBasket's gold medal in 1987, and he earned the tournament's MVP award in the process. Following his stunning success in winning the 1987 EuroBasket title, Galis won both the Mr. Europa and the Euroscar player of the year awards. He also led Greece to a silver medal at the 1989 EuroBasket, where he was also selected to the All-EuroBasket Team. Overall during his national team career, he was named to the All-EuroBasket Team four times (1983, 1987, 1989, 1991). Among his myriad of accomplishments, he holds the EuroBasket's record for the highest career scoring average (31.2 points per game), and he was also the leading scorer of four EuroBasket tournaments, in 1983, 1987, 1989, and 1991. Galis also owns two major records of the FIBA World Championship/Cup tournament. He holds the records for the highest career scoring average (33.5 points per game), and the most total points ever scored in a single tournament, which he set at the 1986 FIBA World Championship.
Galis, who was named the Greek Male Athlete of the Year three times (1986, 1987, 1989), is highly revered in Greece, where he is considered by many to be one of the greatest national athletes that the country has ever had. His years with Aris Thessaloniki and the Greece national team, lifted Greek basketball from a place of relative obscurity, to both European and global power status. Galis was the sports icon that eventually inspired thousands of Greeks to take up playing the game of basketball.
Early life and high school
Galis was born in Union City, New Jersey. The child of a poor immigrant family, from the Greek islands of Rhodes and Nisyros, Galis took up boxing in his early years, after his father, George Georgalis, who had also been a boxer in his youth. He was later persuaded to give up boxing by his mother, Stella Georgalis, who was terrified after each time that her son would return home from boxing training with a new facial injury. As a result, Galis started playing the sport of basketball instead of boxing. He attended Union Hill High School, in Union City, where he played high school basketball for legendary coach William J. McKeever , as well as American football.
College career
After high school, Galis enrolled at Seton Hall University, where he played college basketball as a member of the Seton Hall Pirates. In his senior 1978–79 season, Galis saw his scoring average reach 27.5 points per game, which was third in the nation, behind Idaho State's Lawrence Butler (30.1 points per game) and Indiana State's Larry Bird (28.6 points per game), including a 48-point outburst against the University of Santa Clara.Also in his senior year of college, Galis won the Haggerty Award (the New York City metro area's best player award), and the Eastern College Athletic Conference Player of the Year award. The same year, he also played in the Pizza Hut All-American game, alongside Bird and Vinnie Johnson. During his four-year college career, Galis played in a total of 107 games and scored 1,651 points, for a career scoring average of 15.4 points per game.Galis' head coach at Seton Hall, Bill Raftery, would later state that Galis was the best player that he ever coached. While at Seton Hall, Galis was a good friend and roommate of Italian-American professional basketball player Dan Callandrillo. Galis was later inducted into the Seton Hall Athletic Hall of Fame, in 1991.
College stats
Professional career
Boston Celtics
After finishing his collegiate career in 1979, Galis signed with agent Bill Manon, who also managed Diana Ross. Manon did not have Galis work out with any NBA team. Galis was eventually selected by the Boston Celtics in the 4th round of the 1979 NBA draft, 68th overall. Due to a severe ankle injury that Galis suffered during the Celtics preseason training camp of the 1979–80 season, the franchise was no longer interested in offering him a contract because Gerald Henderson had taken his place on the team, and his injury would keep him out for the foreseeable future.
Galis then decided to pursue a professional career in Greece's top-tier level Basket League. Later, while still playing in Greece, he would be offered NBA contracts by the Celtics and the New Jersey Nets. However, he turned the offers down, because at the time, and until 1989, FIBA did not have professional status, and consequently did not allow NBA players to compete at the national team level. Since playing with the Greek men's national basketball team meant so much to him, he stayed in Greece. Celtics then-president Red Auerbach later said that the single biggest mistake he ever made in his career was not keeping Galis.
Aris Thessaloniki
After suffering an ankle injury in the Boston Celtics 1979–80 preseason training camp, which prevented him from receiving a contract with the Celtics, Galis made the move across the Atlantic, and signed to play with Aris Thessaloniki of Greece, in 1979. The two major Greek clubs of Panathinaikos Athens and Olympiacos Piraeus, had also shown some interest in signing him, but it was Aris Thessaloniki's interest that was the most persuasive to Galis. His move to the country would eventually help Greek club basketball to reach a level of popularity that had never been previously imagined.
Galis was the indisputable leader of Aris Thessaloniki, as he averaged more than 30 points per game in nearly every season and competition that he played in with the team. With Aris Thessaloniki, he played alongside other great European players like Panagiotis Giannakis and Slobodan Subotić, who was known in Greece as Lefteris Soumpotits. With Aris Thessaloniki, Galis won eight Greek League championships, in the years 1983, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991. He won seven out of his eight Greek League championships in consecutive years, with three of those championships being won in undefeated seasons. He also won six Greek Cup titles with Aris Thessaloniki, in the years 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1992. Four of his six Greek Cup titles were won in consecutive years.
In the top-level European-wide club competition, the FIBA European Champions' Cup (EuroLeague), Galis led Aris Thessaloniki to three consecutive appearances at the competition's Final Four. Galis' team played at the 1988 Ghent Final Four, the 1989 Munich Final Four, and the 1990 Zaragoza Final Four. In the one major disappointment of an otherwise glittering club career with Aris Thessaloniki, all three of Galis' FIBA European Champions' Cup Final Four appearances ended in losses in the semifinals. Which thus deprived him of the opportunity to shine all the way onto Europe's biggest club stage, at the FIBA European Champions' Cup Finals (EuroLeague Finals). However, the team's performances and general standard of play, won over the hearts of most basketball fans in Greece. In fact, cinemas and theaters in Greece would often reduce their ticket admission prices on Thursday evenings, when Aris Thessaloniki was playing games, as large segments of the country settled down to watch them on television.
In June 1991, Galis was chosen as a member of The Balkans Selection All-Star Team that played against The European Selection All-Star Team at the 1991 FIBA Centennial Jubilee. The 1991 FIBA Jubilee event was held in order to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the creation of the sport of basketball in 1891, by the Canadian James Naismith. The FIBA Jubilee All-Star Game took place at the Peace and Friendship Stadium, in Piraeus, Athens, Greece, and it included numerous legends of European basketball. The Balkans' All-Star Selection won the game, by a score of 103–102. Galis was the game's top scorer, with 20 points.
On 19 December 1991, in one of his final FIBA EuroLeague games with Aris Thessaloniki, Galis rolled back the clock. At the age of 34, he scored 46 points, on 13/20 field goals overall, 8/14 2-point field goals, 5/6 3-point field goals, and 15/18 free throws, in a 111–108 loss against the Italian League club Olimpia Milano. However, Aris Thessaloniki's 1991–92 FIBA EuroLeague season was a disappointment, as the club finished group stage play with a record of 3–11.
Also in that same 1991–92 season, in a Greek League game against Panionios Athens, Galis scored 48 points, on 17/21 field goals overall, 15/18 2-point field goals, 2/3 3-point field goals, and 12/13 free throws. However, Aris Thessaloniki failed to make it to the 1992 Greek League's Finals. It was the first time that the team had not won the Greek League championship, since 1984.
Eventually, the 1991–92 season ended up being Galis' final campaign with Aris Thessaloniki. At that time, the team was under new management and was trying to bring down the club's debts. That combined with Galis' huge salary for that time, and the fact that the team was in a period of decline, were the main causes for his departure. Galis, who adored the city of Thessaloniki and Aris' fans, had originally insisted on remaining in the club and playing for the team, as he believed that he still had a lot to offer the club. Ultimately however, Galis was forced to leave the club. In his last game for the club, Galis scored 18 points (6/9, 6/9, 0/2) as Aris beat AEK 74–62 to win yet another Greek Cup title in 1992.
Panathinaikos Athens
Galis moved to Athens, in the summer of 1992, to play with Panathinaikos. He was the player who then led the "Greens" to a club rebirth, after it had suffered through a long drought period, during which the historical team had remained without winning any titles. The previous season (1991–92) had been particularly disappointing for the club, with the team finishing in eighth place in the Greek league. As the team's captain, Galis inspired the young players of Panathinaikos Athens, such as Fragiskos Alvertis and Nikos Oikonomou, and he gradually brought back hope to the team's fans. So much so, as to the point that the club's then home arena, Glyfada Indoor Hall, was always overcrowded. In that season (1992–93), Panathinaikos Athens finished in second place in the Greek league, and also won the Greek Cup title, which was the seventh Greek Cup title for Galis.
In the following 1993–94 season, Galis was the FIBA European League (EuroLeague)'s Top Scorer, with an average of 23.8 points per game, in 21 games played. He also led the league in assists, with an average of 4.7 assists per game. In Panathinaikos Athens' decisive Game 3 victory of the FIBA European League's quarterfinals, against the then reigning league champions, the French League club Limoges, Galis truly led Panathinaikos Athens into a new club era. Galis led Panathinaikos Athens' qualification to the 1994 Tel Aviv FIBA European League Final Four, by scoring 30 points in the deciding playoff game, on 12–16 (75%) field goal shooting in the game. The "Greens" eventually finished in third place in the FIBA European League that season, after they lost in the semifinals to their arch-rivals Olympiacos Piraeus, by a score of 77–72.
However, it was still the furthest that the club had reached in the competition since the 1971–72 season. Galis scored 30 points in Panathinaikos Athens' win in the Final Four's third place game against the Spanish League club FC Barcelona, as he led all scorers in the game, with 30 points. Galis was named to the All-Final Four Team.
In what proved to be one of his final games for Panathinaikos, during the 3rd/4th place playoff series against Panionios in May 1994, Galis went scoreless in a game for the first time in his professional career in Greece, ending game 2 (which Panathinaikos lost 93–71) with 0/4 two-point shots from 29 minutes' play. Galis rallied to score 18 and 22 points in games 3 and 4, both of which Panathinaikos won to seal 3rd spot and a place in the FIBA European League for the following season.
In his third season with Panthinaikos Athens (1994–95), Galis teamed up with Panagiotis Giannakis and Žarko Paspalj, to make a strong effort to win the championship of the FIBA European League. Galis was the player who led Panathinaikos Athens to the competition's Top 16 group stage, as he prevented their elimination from the competition against the Ukrainian Super League club Budivelnyk Kyiv, with a game-high of 23 points in the club's decisive second-leg game victory. Galis was also the leader of the team in their Greek Cup win against Olympiacos Piraeus, at the Sporting Sports Arena.
At the age of 37, Galis played in his last game in professional basketball, as a player of Panathinaikos Athens, on October 12, 1994. It was in a game against Dafni Athens, in Week 1 of the Greek League's 1994–95 season. In that game, Galis scored a total of 8 points (2/2, 3/3), in 35 minutes of playing time. Panathinaikos Athens won the game in a blowout, by a score of 82–60.
Galis' playing career then ended controversially, on October 18, 1994, before Panathinaikos Athens' Week 2 game of the Greek League's 1994–95 season. Kostas Politis, who was the head coach of Panathinaikos Athens at the time, decided not to include Galis in the team's starting line-up of that Greek League game versus Ampelokipoi Athens. In protest against the head coach's decision, Galis left the arena, and ultimately, he never returned to playing action again. His retirement was officially announced in the media, on September 29, 1995.
During his pro club basketball career, Galis scored a total of 12,864 points, in 384 Greek Basket League games played, for a career scoring average of 33.5 points per game. In the 55 career Greek Cup games in which he played, he scored a total of 1,935 points, for a career scoring average of 35.2 points per game. He also averaged 42.5 points per game, in the two Greek Super Cup games that he played in. He scored a total of 864 points, in 23 FIBA Korać Cup games, for a career scoring average of 37.6 points per game. In the FIBA EuroLeague, he scored a total of 4,047 points, in 125 games played, for a career scoring average of 32.4 points per game. Overall, in all of the pro club competitions that he played in, Galis scored a total of 19,795 points, in 589 games played, for a pro club career scoring average of 33.6 points per game.
Career pro club statistics
Greek League season by season scoring stats
(Regular season and postseason)
Season by season scoring stats in European-wide leagues
National team career
Galis first played with the Greece men's national basketball team at the 1980 FIBA European Olympic Qualifying Tournament. He averaged 20.5 points per game at the tournament. His tournament single-game scoring high was 30 points, which came in a game against Switzerland. However, Greece failed to qualify for the 1980 Moscow Summer Olympic Games. At the 1981 EuroBasket, Galis averaged 19.9 points per game. Greece finished the tournament in 9th place. At the 1983 EuroBasket, Galis averaged 33.6 points per game, and he was the tournament's leading scorer. Greece finished the tournament in 11th place.
On 20 November 1983, Galis played in a friendly game against the North Carolina Tar Heels, at The Demetria Tournament '83. The game took place at the Alexandreio Melathron arena. During that game, Galis, who was Greece's shooting guard, was guarded by North Carolina's shooting guard, Michael Jordan. Galis scored 24 points during the game.At the 1984 FIBA European Olympic Qualifying Tournament, Galis averaged 31.6 points per game, and he was the tournament's leading scorer. His tournament single-game scoring high was 45 points, which came in a game against Great Britain. However, Greece failed to qualify for the 1984 Los Angeles Summer Olympic Games.
With Greece, Galis won the bronze medal at the 1984 Balkan Championship. At the 1986 FIBA World Championship, Galis led the tournament in scoring, as he averaged 33.7 points per game. During the tournament, he had a 53-point outburst in a game against Panama. Greece finished the tournament in 10th place. With Greece, Galis won the gold medal at the 1986 Balkan Championship.
Galis next led the Greece national team to the 1987 EuroBasket gold medal. Galis led the tournament in scoring, as he averaged 37.0 points per game. He scored 40 points in the tournament's finals against the Soviet Union national team and its legendary player, Šarūnas Marčiulionis, as he led Greece to a 103–101 victory. He was named the MVP of the tournament.
At the 1988 FIBA European Olympic Qualifying Tournament, Galis averaged 28.4 points per game, and he was the tournament's leading scorer. His tournament single-game scoring high was 35 points, which came in a game against Germany. However, Greece failed to qualify for the 1988 Seoul Summer Olympic Games.
Galis also led Greece to the silver medal at the 1989 EuroBasket, which he led in scoring, with an average of 35.6 points per game. Galis is most remembered from that tournament, for a stunning effort against the Soviet team led by Marčiulionis, and its other star player, Arvydas Sabonis, in their semifinals game. Galis scored 45 out of his team's 81 total points, in a dramatic last-gasp 81–80 victory. The Greek team then settled for a second-place finish, after they lost against the dominant Yugoslav national team, in the tournament's finals.
Galis also represented Greece at the 1991 FIBA Centennial Jubilee, which commemorated the 100th anniversary of the creation of the sport of basketball, by the Canadian James Naismith. The Jubilee tournament took place at the Peace and Friendship Stadium, in Piraeus, Athens, Greece. In three games played during the tournament, Galis averaged 21.0 points per game.
At the 1991 EuroBasket, Galis averaged 32.4 points per game, and he also led the tournament in scoring. In total, Galis was the leading scorer of the EuroBasket four times. He was also a four-time All-EuroBasket Team member.
In total, Galis played in 168 FIBA-recognized games with the Greece national team, in which he scored a total of 5,129 points, for a career scoring average of 30.5 points per game. Galis is in the second place, on the list of the all-time career scoring leaders in the history of Greece's senior national team. Panagiotis Giannakis is in first place on the list.
Greek senior national team career statistics
Greece National Team scoring stats by tournament
Galis' top 10 scoring FIBA games
Highest scoring single games by competition
Player profile
Galis was not only a legendary scorer, he was also a great play maker and passer. The majority of his points scored came inside the paint area, due to his penetrating ability. Galis' mid-range jumper was one of his biggest offensive weapons, as he was able to consistently make it against defensive pressure. Galis' great strength and leaping ability allowed him to have an excellent post game against other guards, despite his short stature, as compared to most other players. Another enormous competitive advantage that Galis possessed was his incredible stamina, which was due to his exemplary physical conditioning. At the 1987 EuroBasket, after the first game of the competition, Galis was never substituted out of any of the tournament's remaining games. His stamina and conditioning led to him being given the nickname of "The Iron Man".
Post-playing career and personal life
Galis is married to Eleni Panagiotou, and he has one daughter, named Stella. Since his official retirement from playing professional club basketball on September 29, 1995, and up until early 2006, Galis was the owner of a summer basketball camp in Chalkidiki, Greece. The basketball camp was listed at the Athens Stock Exchange. As a token of appreciation for his contribution to Greek sport, Galis was chosen to be the first torch bearer, in the final round of the Olympic Flame, for the Athens 2004 Summer Olympics. Galis entered the stadium at the conclusion of the Opening Ceremony, and set off the procession of the flame to the altar.
In September 2007, Galis was inducted as a member of the first class of the FIBA Hall of Fame, which includes the best basketball players in the history of the game internationally. Galis was inducted as a player. Bill Russell, of the famous Boston Celtics dynasty, was another one of the 16 inaugural player inductees. Galis was also entered into the Eurobasket.com website's European Basketball Hall of Fame, inducted as a player.
In May 2013, his former club team Aris Thessaloniki, renamed the court of their home arena, the Alexandreio Melathron, to "Nick Galis Hall". The club also organized a celebration of Galis' life and career, and retired his number 6 Aris jersey. The event was attended by many of his former teammates and opponents, from the 1980s and 1990s. Some of the attendees included the majority of the Greece men's national basketball team's 1987 EuroBasket gold medal-winning team, as well as numerous other international basketball stars who played against Galis over the years, such as Dino Rađja, Jordi Villacampa, and Doron Jamchi, among others.
On April 1, 2017, it was announced that Galis would be inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, as part of the 2017 Hall of Fame class. Galis was later inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, on September 9, 2017. He became one of the very few men's basketball players from around the world, to be inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame, without having ever played in the NBA. On June 14, 2016, exactly 29 years after Greece's national team won the gold medal at the 1987 EuroBasket, the court of the biggest basketball arena in Greece, the OAKA Olympic Indoor Hall, was named the "Nikos Galis Olympic Indoor Hall", in his honour.
Quotes about Galis
"I never thought that there was such a good offensive player in Europe, and especially in Greece.", Michael Jordan
"I've seen Galis do things, that I've seen neither Lakers nor Celtics do.", Bob McAdoo
"I admire him. When he plays one on one, there's no way to stop him. I didn't think that there would ever be a player, who by himself, could cause nightmares and even beat the Soviet Union.", Sergei Belov
"If Galis wants to score, he will score no matter who's defending him.", Arvydas Sabonis
"If I'm The Son of the Devil, then Galis is The Devil himself.", Dražen Petrović
'"I’d like to be on the same team with him, so I could pass to him, and then watch him score a basket.”, Dražen Petrović
"Although Drazen (i.e. Petrović) is my brother, for the best athlete of 1987, I voted for Galis."', Aco Petrović
"Galis is a great player. He is one of the best European players. He was a really tough opponent, he floated in the air, he was one of the best.", Dino Radja
"Petrović and Galis were the most charismatic players I've ever known. "Galis is the only player who made me shudder.", Doron Jamchi
"Everyone who plays basketball, owes Galis money.", Fanis Christodoulou
"If we played together, we would have scored 300 points in every game!", Vassilis Goumas
"The man is a computer! If he had played with us in AEK in the '60s, we would have been undefeated.", Georgios Amerikanos
"A European and Greek basketball changed. It is my honor to play with him. He is the greatest of all time "., Sasha Volkov
"I've seen many players in my career, but what Galis does on the floor, only 2–3 in the world can do.", Audie Norris
"Who wouldn't want to play with Galis? I would definitely give the ball to Galis on the last play. Galis changed basketball in Greece and Europe.", Audie Norris
"Galis wasn't affected by anything. I count him among the five best players of Europe.", Georgios Sigalas
"In Greece, Galis is what Michael Jordan is in America.", Steve Giatzoglou
"Galis is the player of the 21st century.", Alexander Gomelsky, USSR head coach.
"I had nightmares of Galis all night.", Pierre Dao, Limoges head coach.
"I had given specific instructions on how to defend against the other 4 players. As for Nikos, we just had to sit down and pray!", Wojciech Krajewski, Lech Poznan head coach.
"There is only one way I can think of to stop Nikos from scoring. Lock him up in his hotel room, so that he can't come to the arena.", Ruud Harrewijn, Dutch national team head coach.
Awards and accomplishments
Galis won numerous titles and awards during his career and had many memorable single game performances. The following are some of them:
College
Haggerty Award (New York Metro Area Player of the Year): 1979
ECAC Player of the Year: 1979
Member of the Seton Hall Athletic Hall of Fame: 1991
Pro career
Titles:
8× Greek League Champion: 1983, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991
7× Greek Cup Winner: 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993
Greek Super Cup Winner: 1986(In total, he won 16 trophies in his pro club career as a player.)Personal awards and achievements:
11× Greek League Top Scorer: 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991
Greek Super Cup Finals Top Scorer: 1986
3× Greek Male Athlete of the Year: 1986, 1987, 1989
5× Greek Cup Finals Top Scorer: 1987, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993
5× Greek League Finals MVP: 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991
2× FIBA European Selection: 1987, 1991 I
Mediterranean Player of the Year: 1987
Euroscar European Player of the Year: 1987
Mr. Europa European Player of the Year: 1987
L'Équipe Champion of Champions' 10th Best Athlete in the World: 1987
5× FIBA EuroLeague Top Scorer: 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1994
5× Greek League MVP: 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992
4× Greek League Assist Leader: 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994
2× Greek League All-Star (1991, 1994 I)
FIBA EuroLeague Assists Leader: 1994
FIBA EuroLeague All-Final Four Team: (1994)
EuroLeague Final Four all-time career scoring leader: 231 points (28.9 points per game).
Greek Championship (amateur era) all-time career scoring leader: 12,864 points (33.5 points per game) – Vassilis Spanoulis is the league's professional era all-time career scoring leader.
Greek Cup all-time career scoring leader: 1,935 points (35.2 points per game).
FIBA's 50 Greatest Players: 1991
Member of the FIBA Hall of Fame: 2007
50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors: 2008
No. 6 jersey retired by Aris: 2013
Member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame: 2017
101 Greats of European Basketball: 2018
HoopsHype's 75 Greatest International Players Ever: 2021
Greek Basket League Hall of Fame: 2022
Along with Panagiotis Giannakis, he led Aris Thessaloniki to an 80-game winning streak in the Greek League, in the 1980s.
His personal career single-game scoring high in a Greek League game was 62 points, which was achieved in a game on 24 January 1981, during the 1980–81 season (Aris Thessaloniki vs. Ionikos Nikaias). However, in the same game, Ionikos' superstar, Panagiotis Giannakis, who would later go on to become Galis' teammate on Aris, scored 73 points.
His personal career single-game scoring high in the Greek Cup tournament was 52 points against Panellinios Athens, in the 1987 Greek Cup Final (15 April 1987).
His personal career single-game scoring high in a European-wide continental club competition was 56 points against Vasas (5 November 1980), during the 1980–81 season of the FIBA Korać Cup.
His personal career single-game scoring high in the FIBA European Champions' Cup (now called the EuroLeague), was 52 points, which he achieved twice. He scored 52 points versus Oostende in 1986–87 (2 October 1986). He also scored 52 points versus Lech Poznań in 1989–90 (7 December 1989).
In 1993, while playing in the Greek League with Panathinaikos Athens, in a revenge game against his former team Aris Thessaloniki, he had a game for the ages. In the game, Galis made all 13 of his field goal attempts.
4,047 points scored in 125 FIBA EuroLeague games played (32.4 points per game), and 864 points scored in 23 FIBA Korać Cup games played (37.6 points per game).
Greece National Team
1983 EuroBasket: All-Tournament Team
1984 Balkan Championship: Bronze
1986 FIBA World Championship: Top Scorer (33.7 points per game)
1986 Balkan Championship: Gold
1987 EuroBasket: Gold
1989 EuroBasket: Silver
1987 EuroBasket: Most Valuable Player
4× FIBA EuroBasket All-Tournament Team: 1983, 1987, 1989, 1991
4× FIBA EuroBasket Top Scorer: 1983 (33.6 points per game), 1987 (37.0 points per game), 1989 (35.6 points per game), 1991 (32.4 points per game)
2× FIBA European Olympic Qualification Top Scorer: 1984 (31.6 points per game), 1988 (28.4 points per game)
At the 1986 FIBA World Championship, he scored 53 points in a game against Panama.
In the 1987 EuroBasket Finals, he scored 40 points against the Soviet Union.
In the 1989 EuroBasket Semifinals, he scored 45 points against the Soviet Union.
In 168 FIBA-recognized games played with the Greece men's national basketball team, he averaged 30.5 points per game.
Greece men's national basketball team's 2nd all-time career scoring leader (behind Panagiotis Giannakis): 5,167 total points scored, in 169 total games played (30.6 points per game). However, only 5,129 points in 168 games (30.5 points per game), is officially recognized.
Galis was the top scorer in every major European and world international competition that he participated in from 1983 onward: the 1983 EuroBasket, the 1984 FIBA European Olympic Qualification, the 1986 FIBA World Championship, the 1987 EuroBasket, the 1988 FIBA European Olympic Qualification, the 1989 EuroBasket, and the 1991 EuroBasket.
See also
Basketball in the United States
FIBA Europe
Sources
Nikos Galis FIBA Archive official website.
Nikos Galis FIBA Europe official website.
Arbel, Y. , "Iron Man Galis", November 08, 2006, FIBA Europe official website.
Nikos Galis Hellenic Basketball Federation official website (in Greek).
Eurobasket.com's HALL OF FAME.
Rabotas, G. (2003). Nikos Galis, A Legend like I have known him. Athens: Psychogios. ISBN 960-87979-0-5.
BASKET ARIS – Unofficial fan site dedicated to ARIS B.C.
Notes
References
External links
Twitter Account (in Greek)
NBA Draft Profile
Nikos Galis FIBA Hall of Fame Profile
Euroleague.net 50 Greatest Contributors
FIBA Profile
Galis FIBA Europe Profile
Hellenic Basketball Federation Profile (in Greek)
Interbasket.net Galis Profile
FIBAEurope.com Galis Story
Euroleague.net A scoring machine
101 Greats: Nikos Galis
Τα “κανόνια” του ελληνικού Πρωταθλήματος: Νίκος Γκάλης (in Greek)
Nick Galis Unofficial Website
GrHomeBoy.com Galis Inducted into FIBA Hall of Fame
Books.Google.com Seton Hall Pirates Nick Galis
SHUPPirates.com Seton Hall – Galis
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Nikolaos Georgalis (Greek: Νικόλαος Γεωργαλής; born July 23, 1957), commonly known as either Nikos Galis (Greek: Νίκος Γκάλης), or Nick Galis, is a Greek former professional basketball player. Galis, who during his playing days was nicknamed, "Nick The Greek", "The Gangster", and "The Iron Man", is widely regarded as Europe's greatest scorer to ever play the game, and as one of the all-time greatest players in FIBA international basketball history. In 1991, Galis was named one of FIBA's 50 Greatest Players. In 2007, he became an inaugural member of the FIBA Hall of Fame. In 2008, he was chosen as one of the 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors. In 2017, he was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.During his college basketball career at Seton Hall University, Galis played at the point guard position. However, his primary position during his pro career was shooting guard. He spent most of his club playing career with Aris Thessaloniki, before having a late career stint with Panathinaikos Athens. Among qualified players, he is the EuroLeague's all-time leader in points per game scoring average, when counting both the FIBA and EuroLeague Basketball eras (1958–present). He was also the league's top scorer of the season, numerous times. In Europe's premier basketball club competition, he reached the EuroLeague Final Four on four occasions, making it in three consecutive years with Aris (1988, 1989, 1990), and in another year with Panathinaikos (1994). Galis won eight Greek league championships, and he is also the Greek Championship's amateur era all-time leading scorer, in both career points scored and career scoring average, when counting all league formats prior to the league becoming fully professional, in the 1992–93 season.
Galis led the Greece men's national basketball team to the EuroBasket's gold medal in 1987, and he earned the tournament's MVP award in the process. Following his stunning success in winning the 1987 EuroBasket title, Galis won both the Mr. Europa and the Euroscar player of the year awards. He also led Greece to a silver medal at the 1989 EuroBasket, where he was also selected to the All-EuroBasket Team. Overall during his national team career, he was named to the All-EuroBasket Team four times (1983, 1987, 1989, 1991). Among his myriad of accomplishments, he holds the EuroBasket's record for the highest career scoring average (31.2 points per game), and he was also the leading scorer of four EuroBasket tournaments, in 1983, 1987, 1989, and 1991. Galis also owns two major records of the FIBA World Championship/Cup tournament. He holds the records for the highest career scoring average (33.5 points per game), and the most total points ever scored in a single tournament, which he set at the 1986 FIBA World Championship.
Galis, who was named the Greek Male Athlete of the Year three times (1986, 1987, 1989), is highly revered in Greece, where he is considered by many to be one of the greatest national athletes that the country has ever had. His years with Aris Thessaloniki and the Greece national team, lifted Greek basketball from a place of relative obscurity, to both European and global power status. Galis was the sports icon that eventually inspired thousands of Greeks to take up playing the game of basketball.
Early life and high school
Galis was born in Union City, New Jersey. The child of a poor immigrant family, from the Greek islands of Rhodes and Nisyros, Galis took up boxing in his early years, after his father, George Georgalis, who had also been a boxer in his youth. He was later persuaded to give up boxing by his mother, Stella Georgalis, who was terrified after each time that her son would return home from boxing training with a new facial injury. As a result, Galis started playing the sport of basketball instead of boxing. He attended Union Hill High School, in Union City, where he played high school basketball for legendary coach William J. McKeever , as well as American football.
College career
After high school, Galis enrolled at Seton Hall University, where he played college basketball as a member of the Seton Hall Pirates. In his senior 1978–79 season, Galis saw his scoring average reach 27.5 points per game, which was third in the nation, behind Idaho State's Lawrence Butler (30.1 points per game) and Indiana State's Larry Bird (28.6 points per game), including a 48-point outburst against the University of Santa Clara.Also in his senior year of college, Galis won the Haggerty Award (the New York City metro area's best player award), and the Eastern College Athletic Conference Player of the Year award. The same year, he also played in the Pizza Hut All-American game, alongside Bird and Vinnie Johnson. During his four-year college career, Galis played in a total of 107 games and scored 1,651 points, for a career scoring average of 15.4 points per game.Galis' head coach at Seton Hall, Bill Raftery, would later state that Galis was the best player that he ever coached. While at Seton Hall, Galis was a good friend and roommate of Italian-American professional basketball player Dan Callandrillo. Galis was later inducted into the Seton Hall Athletic Hall of Fame, in 1991.
College stats
Professional career
Boston Celtics
After finishing his collegiate career in 1979, Galis signed with agent Bill Manon, who also managed Diana Ross. Manon did not have Galis work out with any NBA team. Galis was eventually selected by the Boston Celtics in the 4th round of the 1979 NBA draft, 68th overall. Due to a severe ankle injury that Galis suffered during the Celtics preseason training camp of the 1979–80 season, the franchise was no longer interested in offering him a contract because Gerald Henderson had taken his place on the team, and his injury would keep him out for the foreseeable future.
Galis then decided to pursue a professional career in Greece's top-tier level Basket League. Later, while still playing in Greece, he would be offered NBA contracts by the Celtics and the New Jersey Nets. However, he turned the offers down, because at the time, and until 1989, FIBA did not have professional status, and consequently did not allow NBA players to compete at the national team level. Since playing with the Greek men's national basketball team meant so much to him, he stayed in Greece. Celtics then-president Red Auerbach later said that the single biggest mistake he ever made in his career was not keeping Galis.
Aris Thessaloniki
After suffering an ankle injury in the Boston Celtics 1979–80 preseason training camp, which prevented him from receiving a contract with the Celtics, Galis made the move across the Atlantic, and signed to play with Aris Thessaloniki of Greece, in 1979. The two major Greek clubs of Panathinaikos Athens and Olympiacos Piraeus, had also shown some interest in signing him, but it was Aris Thessaloniki's interest that was the most persuasive to Galis. His move to the country would eventually help Greek club basketball to reach a level of popularity that had never been previously imagined.
Galis was the indisputable leader of Aris Thessaloniki, as he averaged more than 30 points per game in nearly every season and competition that he played in with the team. With Aris Thessaloniki, he played alongside other great European players like Panagiotis Giannakis and Slobodan Subotić, who was known in Greece as Lefteris Soumpotits. With Aris Thessaloniki, Galis won eight Greek League championships, in the years 1983, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991. He won seven out of his eight Greek League championships in consecutive years, with three of those championships being won in undefeated seasons. He also won six Greek Cup titles with Aris Thessaloniki, in the years 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1992. Four of his six Greek Cup titles were won in consecutive years.
In the top-level European-wide club competition, the FIBA European Champions' Cup (EuroLeague), Galis led Aris Thessaloniki to three consecutive appearances at the competition's Final Four. Galis' team played at the 1988 Ghent Final Four, the 1989 Munich Final Four, and the 1990 Zaragoza Final Four. In the one major disappointment of an otherwise glittering club career with Aris Thessaloniki, all three of Galis' FIBA European Champions' Cup Final Four appearances ended in losses in the semifinals. Which thus deprived him of the opportunity to shine all the way onto Europe's biggest club stage, at the FIBA European Champions' Cup Finals (EuroLeague Finals). However, the team's performances and general standard of play, won over the hearts of most basketball fans in Greece. In fact, cinemas and theaters in Greece would often reduce their ticket admission prices on Thursday evenings, when Aris Thessaloniki was playing games, as large segments of the country settled down to watch them on television.
In June 1991, Galis was chosen as a member of The Balkans Selection All-Star Team that played against The European Selection All-Star Team at the 1991 FIBA Centennial Jubilee. The 1991 FIBA Jubilee event was held in order to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the creation of the sport of basketball in 1891, by the Canadian James Naismith. The FIBA Jubilee All-Star Game took place at the Peace and Friendship Stadium, in Piraeus, Athens, Greece, and it included numerous legends of European basketball. The Balkans' All-Star Selection won the game, by a score of 103–102. Galis was the game's top scorer, with 20 points.
On 19 December 1991, in one of his final FIBA EuroLeague games with Aris Thessaloniki, Galis rolled back the clock. At the age of 34, he scored 46 points, on 13/20 field goals overall, 8/14 2-point field goals, 5/6 3-point field goals, and 15/18 free throws, in a 111–108 loss against the Italian League club Olimpia Milano. However, Aris Thessaloniki's 1991–92 FIBA EuroLeague season was a disappointment, as the club finished group stage play with a record of 3–11.
Also in that same 1991–92 season, in a Greek League game against Panionios Athens, Galis scored 48 points, on 17/21 field goals overall, 15/18 2-point field goals, 2/3 3-point field goals, and 12/13 free throws. However, Aris Thessaloniki failed to make it to the 1992 Greek League's Finals. It was the first time that the team had not won the Greek League championship, since 1984.
Eventually, the 1991–92 season ended up being Galis' final campaign with Aris Thessaloniki. At that time, the team was under new management and was trying to bring down the club's debts. That combined with Galis' huge salary for that time, and the fact that the team was in a period of decline, were the main causes for his departure. Galis, who adored the city of Thessaloniki and Aris' fans, had originally insisted on remaining in the club and playing for the team, as he believed that he still had a lot to offer the club. Ultimately however, Galis was forced to leave the club. In his last game for the club, Galis scored 18 points (6/9, 6/9, 0/2) as Aris beat AEK 74–62 to win yet another Greek Cup title in 1992.
Panathinaikos Athens
Galis moved to Athens, in the summer of 1992, to play with Panathinaikos. He was the player who then led the "Greens" to a club rebirth, after it had suffered through a long drought period, during which the historical team had remained without winning any titles. The previous season (1991–92) had been particularly disappointing for the club, with the team finishing in eighth place in the Greek league. As the team's captain, Galis inspired the young players of Panathinaikos Athens, such as Fragiskos Alvertis and Nikos Oikonomou, and he gradually brought back hope to the team's fans. So much so, as to the point that the club's then home arena, Glyfada Indoor Hall, was always overcrowded. In that season (1992–93), Panathinaikos Athens finished in second place in the Greek league, and also won the Greek Cup title, which was the seventh Greek Cup title for Galis.
In the following 1993–94 season, Galis was the FIBA European League (EuroLeague)'s Top Scorer, with an average of 23.8 points per game, in 21 games played. He also led the league in assists, with an average of 4.7 assists per game. In Panathinaikos Athens' decisive Game 3 victory of the FIBA European League's quarterfinals, against the then reigning league champions, the French League club Limoges, Galis truly led Panathinaikos Athens into a new club era. Galis led Panathinaikos Athens' qualification to the 1994 Tel Aviv FIBA European League Final Four, by scoring 30 points in the deciding playoff game, on 12–16 (75%) field goal shooting in the game. The "Greens" eventually finished in third place in the FIBA European League that season, after they lost in the semifinals to their arch-rivals Olympiacos Piraeus, by a score of 77–72.
However, it was still the furthest that the club had reached in the competition since the 1971–72 season. Galis scored 30 points in Panathinaikos Athens' win in the Final Four's third place game against the Spanish League club FC Barcelona, as he led all scorers in the game, with 30 points. Galis was named to the All-Final Four Team.
In what proved to be one of his final games for Panathinaikos, during the 3rd/4th place playoff series against Panionios in May 1994, Galis went scoreless in a game for the first time in his professional career in Greece, ending game 2 (which Panathinaikos lost 93–71) with 0/4 two-point shots from 29 minutes' play. Galis rallied to score 18 and 22 points in games 3 and 4, both of which Panathinaikos won to seal 3rd spot and a place in the FIBA European League for the following season.
In his third season with Panthinaikos Athens (1994–95), Galis teamed up with Panagiotis Giannakis and Žarko Paspalj, to make a strong effort to win the championship of the FIBA European League. Galis was the player who led Panathinaikos Athens to the competition's Top 16 group stage, as he prevented their elimination from the competition against the Ukrainian Super League club Budivelnyk Kyiv, with a game-high of 23 points in the club's decisive second-leg game victory. Galis was also the leader of the team in their Greek Cup win against Olympiacos Piraeus, at the Sporting Sports Arena.
At the age of 37, Galis played in his last game in professional basketball, as a player of Panathinaikos Athens, on October 12, 1994. It was in a game against Dafni Athens, in Week 1 of the Greek League's 1994–95 season. In that game, Galis scored a total of 8 points (2/2, 3/3), in 35 minutes of playing time. Panathinaikos Athens won the game in a blowout, by a score of 82–60.
Galis' playing career then ended controversially, on October 18, 1994, before Panathinaikos Athens' Week 2 game of the Greek League's 1994–95 season. Kostas Politis, who was the head coach of Panathinaikos Athens at the time, decided not to include Galis in the team's starting line-up of that Greek League game versus Ampelokipoi Athens. In protest against the head coach's decision, Galis left the arena, and ultimately, he never returned to playing action again. His retirement was officially announced in the media, on September 29, 1995.
During his pro club basketball career, Galis scored a total of 12,864 points, in 384 Greek Basket League games played, for a career scoring average of 33.5 points per game. In the 55 career Greek Cup games in which he played, he scored a total of 1,935 points, for a career scoring average of 35.2 points per game. He also averaged 42.5 points per game, in the two Greek Super Cup games that he played in. He scored a total of 864 points, in 23 FIBA Korać Cup games, for a career scoring average of 37.6 points per game. In the FIBA EuroLeague, he scored a total of 4,047 points, in 125 games played, for a career scoring average of 32.4 points per game. Overall, in all of the pro club competitions that he played in, Galis scored a total of 19,795 points, in 589 games played, for a pro club career scoring average of 33.6 points per game.
Career pro club statistics
Greek League season by season scoring stats
(Regular season and postseason)
Season by season scoring stats in European-wide leagues
National team career
Galis first played with the Greece men's national basketball team at the 1980 FIBA European Olympic Qualifying Tournament. He averaged 20.5 points per game at the tournament. His tournament single-game scoring high was 30 points, which came in a game against Switzerland. However, Greece failed to qualify for the 1980 Moscow Summer Olympic Games. At the 1981 EuroBasket, Galis averaged 19.9 points per game. Greece finished the tournament in 9th place. At the 1983 EuroBasket, Galis averaged 33.6 points per game, and he was the tournament's leading scorer. Greece finished the tournament in 11th place.
On 20 November 1983, Galis played in a friendly game against the North Carolina Tar Heels, at The Demetria Tournament '83. The game took place at the Alexandreio Melathron arena. During that game, Galis, who was Greece's shooting guard, was guarded by North Carolina's shooting guard, Michael Jordan. Galis scored 24 points during the game.At the 1984 FIBA European Olympic Qualifying Tournament, Galis averaged 31.6 points per game, and he was the tournament's leading scorer. His tournament single-game scoring high was 45 points, which came in a game against Great Britain. However, Greece failed to qualify for the 1984 Los Angeles Summer Olympic Games.
With Greece, Galis won the bronze medal at the 1984 Balkan Championship. At the 1986 FIBA World Championship, Galis led the tournament in scoring, as he averaged 33.7 points per game. During the tournament, he had a 53-point outburst in a game against Panama. Greece finished the tournament in 10th place. With Greece, Galis won the gold medal at the 1986 Balkan Championship.
Galis next led the Greece national team to the 1987 EuroBasket gold medal. Galis led the tournament in scoring, as he averaged 37.0 points per game. He scored 40 points in the tournament's finals against the Soviet Union national team and its legendary player, Šarūnas Marčiulionis, as he led Greece to a 103–101 victory. He was named the MVP of the tournament.
At the 1988 FIBA European Olympic Qualifying Tournament, Galis averaged 28.4 points per game, and he was the tournament's leading scorer. His tournament single-game scoring high was 35 points, which came in a game against Germany. However, Greece failed to qualify for the 1988 Seoul Summer Olympic Games.
Galis also led Greece to the silver medal at the 1989 EuroBasket, which he led in scoring, with an average of 35.6 points per game. Galis is most remembered from that tournament, for a stunning effort against the Soviet team led by Marčiulionis, and its other star player, Arvydas Sabonis, in their semifinals game. Galis scored 45 out of his team's 81 total points, in a dramatic last-gasp 81–80 victory. The Greek team then settled for a second-place finish, after they lost against the dominant Yugoslav national team, in the tournament's finals.
Galis also represented Greece at the 1991 FIBA Centennial Jubilee, which commemorated the 100th anniversary of the creation of the sport of basketball, by the Canadian James Naismith. The Jubilee tournament took place at the Peace and Friendship Stadium, in Piraeus, Athens, Greece. In three games played during the tournament, Galis averaged 21.0 points per game.
At the 1991 EuroBasket, Galis averaged 32.4 points per game, and he also led the tournament in scoring. In total, Galis was the leading scorer of the EuroBasket four times. He was also a four-time All-EuroBasket Team member.
In total, Galis played in 168 FIBA-recognized games with the Greece national team, in which he scored a total of 5,129 points, for a career scoring average of 30.5 points per game. Galis is in the second place, on the list of the all-time career scoring leaders in the history of Greece's senior national team. Panagiotis Giannakis is in first place on the list.
Greek senior national team career statistics
Greece National Team scoring stats by tournament
Galis' top 10 scoring FIBA games
Highest scoring single games by competition
Player profile
Galis was not only a legendary scorer, he was also a great play maker and passer. The majority of his points scored came inside the paint area, due to his penetrating ability. Galis' mid-range jumper was one of his biggest offensive weapons, as he was able to consistently make it against defensive pressure. Galis' great strength and leaping ability allowed him to have an excellent post game against other guards, despite his short stature, as compared to most other players. Another enormous competitive advantage that Galis possessed was his incredible stamina, which was due to his exemplary physical conditioning. At the 1987 EuroBasket, after the first game of the competition, Galis was never substituted out of any of the tournament's remaining games. His stamina and conditioning led to him being given the nickname of "The Iron Man".
Post-playing career and personal life
Galis is married to Eleni Panagiotou, and he has one daughter, named Stella. Since his official retirement from playing professional club basketball on September 29, 1995, and up until early 2006, Galis was the owner of a summer basketball camp in Chalkidiki, Greece. The basketball camp was listed at the Athens Stock Exchange. As a token of appreciation for his contribution to Greek sport, Galis was chosen to be the first torch bearer, in the final round of the Olympic Flame, for the Athens 2004 Summer Olympics. Galis entered the stadium at the conclusion of the Opening Ceremony, and set off the procession of the flame to the altar.
In September 2007, Galis was inducted as a member of the first class of the FIBA Hall of Fame, which includes the best basketball players in the history of the game internationally. Galis was inducted as a player. Bill Russell, of the famous Boston Celtics dynasty, was another one of the 16 inaugural player inductees. Galis was also entered into the Eurobasket.com website's European Basketball Hall of Fame, inducted as a player.
In May 2013, his former club team Aris Thessaloniki, renamed the court of their home arena, the Alexandreio Melathron, to "Nick Galis Hall". The club also organized a celebration of Galis' life and career, and retired his number 6 Aris jersey. The event was attended by many of his former teammates and opponents, from the 1980s and 1990s. Some of the attendees included the majority of the Greece men's national basketball team's 1987 EuroBasket gold medal-winning team, as well as numerous other international basketball stars who played against Galis over the years, such as Dino Rađja, Jordi Villacampa, and Doron Jamchi, among others.
On April 1, 2017, it was announced that Galis would be inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, as part of the 2017 Hall of Fame class. Galis was later inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, on September 9, 2017. He became one of the very few men's basketball players from around the world, to be inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame, without having ever played in the NBA. On June 14, 2016, exactly 29 years after Greece's national team won the gold medal at the 1987 EuroBasket, the court of the biggest basketball arena in Greece, the OAKA Olympic Indoor Hall, was named the "Nikos Galis Olympic Indoor Hall", in his honour.
Quotes about Galis
"I never thought that there was such a good offensive player in Europe, and especially in Greece.", Michael Jordan
"I've seen Galis do things, that I've seen neither Lakers nor Celtics do.", Bob McAdoo
"I admire him. When he plays one on one, there's no way to stop him. I didn't think that there would ever be a player, who by himself, could cause nightmares and even beat the Soviet Union.", Sergei Belov
"If Galis wants to score, he will score no matter who's defending him.", Arvydas Sabonis
"If I'm The Son of the Devil, then Galis is The Devil himself.", Dražen Petrović
'"I’d like to be on the same team with him, so I could pass to him, and then watch him score a basket.”, Dražen Petrović
"Although Drazen (i.e. Petrović) is my brother, for the best athlete of 1987, I voted for Galis."', Aco Petrović
"Galis is a great player. He is one of the best European players. He was a really tough opponent, he floated in the air, he was one of the best.", Dino Radja
"Petrović and Galis were the most charismatic players I've ever known. "Galis is the only player who made me shudder.", Doron Jamchi
"Everyone who plays basketball, owes Galis money.", Fanis Christodoulou
"If we played together, we would have scored 300 points in every game!", Vassilis Goumas
"The man is a computer! If he had played with us in AEK in the '60s, we would have been undefeated.", Georgios Amerikanos
"A European and Greek basketball changed. It is my honor to play with him. He is the greatest of all time "., Sasha Volkov
"I've seen many players in my career, but what Galis does on the floor, only 2–3 in the world can do.", Audie Norris
"Who wouldn't want to play with Galis? I would definitely give the ball to Galis on the last play. Galis changed basketball in Greece and Europe.", Audie Norris
"Galis wasn't affected by anything. I count him among the five best players of Europe.", Georgios Sigalas
"In Greece, Galis is what Michael Jordan is in America.", Steve Giatzoglou
"Galis is the player of the 21st century.", Alexander Gomelsky, USSR head coach.
"I had nightmares of Galis all night.", Pierre Dao, Limoges head coach.
"I had given specific instructions on how to defend against the other 4 players. As for Nikos, we just had to sit down and pray!", Wojciech Krajewski, Lech Poznan head coach.
"There is only one way I can think of to stop Nikos from scoring. Lock him up in his hotel room, so that he can't come to the arena.", Ruud Harrewijn, Dutch national team head coach.
Awards and accomplishments
Galis won numerous titles and awards during his career and had many memorable single game performances. The following are some of them:
College
Haggerty Award (New York Metro Area Player of the Year): 1979
ECAC Player of the Year: 1979
Member of the Seton Hall Athletic Hall of Fame: 1991
Pro career
Titles:
8× Greek League Champion: 1983, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991
7× Greek Cup Winner: 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993
Greek Super Cup Winner: 1986(In total, he won 16 trophies in his pro club career as a player.)Personal awards and achievements:
11× Greek League Top Scorer: 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991
Greek Super Cup Finals Top Scorer: 1986
3× Greek Male Athlete of the Year: 1986, 1987, 1989
5× Greek Cup Finals Top Scorer: 1987, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993
5× Greek League Finals MVP: 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991
2× FIBA European Selection: 1987, 1991 I
Mediterranean Player of the Year: 1987
Euroscar European Player of the Year: 1987
Mr. Europa European Player of the Year: 1987
L'Équipe Champion of Champions' 10th Best Athlete in the World: 1987
5× FIBA EuroLeague Top Scorer: 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1994
5× Greek League MVP: 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992
4× Greek League Assist Leader: 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994
2× Greek League All-Star (1991, 1994 I)
FIBA EuroLeague Assists Leader: 1994
FIBA EuroLeague All-Final Four Team: (1994)
EuroLeague Final Four all-time career scoring leader: 231 points (28.9 points per game).
Greek Championship (amateur era) all-time career scoring leader: 12,864 points (33.5 points per game) – Vassilis Spanoulis is the league's professional era all-time career scoring leader.
Greek Cup all-time career scoring leader: 1,935 points (35.2 points per game).
FIBA's 50 Greatest Players: 1991
Member of the FIBA Hall of Fame: 2007
50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors: 2008
No. 6 jersey retired by Aris: 2013
Member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame: 2017
101 Greats of European Basketball: 2018
HoopsHype's 75 Greatest International Players Ever: 2021
Greek Basket League Hall of Fame: 2022
Along with Panagiotis Giannakis, he led Aris Thessaloniki to an 80-game winning streak in the Greek League, in the 1980s.
His personal career single-game scoring high in a Greek League game was 62 points, which was achieved in a game on 24 January 1981, during the 1980–81 season (Aris Thessaloniki vs. Ionikos Nikaias). However, in the same game, Ionikos' superstar, Panagiotis Giannakis, who would later go on to become Galis' teammate on Aris, scored 73 points.
His personal career single-game scoring high in the Greek Cup tournament was 52 points against Panellinios Athens, in the 1987 Greek Cup Final (15 April 1987).
His personal career single-game scoring high in a European-wide continental club competition was 56 points against Vasas (5 November 1980), during the 1980–81 season of the FIBA Korać Cup.
His personal career single-game scoring high in the FIBA European Champions' Cup (now called the EuroLeague), was 52 points, which he achieved twice. He scored 52 points versus Oostende in 1986–87 (2 October 1986). He also scored 52 points versus Lech Poznań in 1989–90 (7 December 1989).
In 1993, while playing in the Greek League with Panathinaikos Athens, in a revenge game against his former team Aris Thessaloniki, he had a game for the ages. In the game, Galis made all 13 of his field goal attempts.
4,047 points scored in 125 FIBA EuroLeague games played (32.4 points per game), and 864 points scored in 23 FIBA Korać Cup games played (37.6 points per game).
Greece National Team
1983 EuroBasket: All-Tournament Team
1984 Balkan Championship: Bronze
1986 FIBA World Championship: Top Scorer (33.7 points per game)
1986 Balkan Championship: Gold
1987 EuroBasket: Gold
1989 EuroBasket: Silver
1987 EuroBasket: Most Valuable Player
4× FIBA EuroBasket All-Tournament Team: 1983, 1987, 1989, 1991
4× FIBA EuroBasket Top Scorer: 1983 (33.6 points per game), 1987 (37.0 points per game), 1989 (35.6 points per game), 1991 (32.4 points per game)
2× FIBA European Olympic Qualification Top Scorer: 1984 (31.6 points per game), 1988 (28.4 points per game)
At the 1986 FIBA World Championship, he scored 53 points in a game against Panama.
In the 1987 EuroBasket Finals, he scored 40 points against the Soviet Union.
In the 1989 EuroBasket Semifinals, he scored 45 points against the Soviet Union.
In 168 FIBA-recognized games played with the Greece men's national basketball team, he averaged 30.5 points per game.
Greece men's national basketball team's 2nd all-time career scoring leader (behind Panagiotis Giannakis): 5,167 total points scored, in 169 total games played (30.6 points per game). However, only 5,129 points in 168 games (30.5 points per game), is officially recognized.
Galis was the top scorer in every major European and world international competition that he participated in from 1983 onward: the 1983 EuroBasket, the 1984 FIBA European Olympic Qualification, the 1986 FIBA World Championship, the 1987 EuroBasket, the 1988 FIBA European Olympic Qualification, the 1989 EuroBasket, and the 1991 EuroBasket.
See also
Basketball in the United States
FIBA Europe
Sources
Nikos Galis FIBA Archive official website.
Nikos Galis FIBA Europe official website.
Arbel, Y. , "Iron Man Galis", November 08, 2006, FIBA Europe official website.
Nikos Galis Hellenic Basketball Federation official website (in Greek).
Eurobasket.com's HALL OF FAME.
Rabotas, G. (2003). Nikos Galis, A Legend like I have known him. Athens: Psychogios. ISBN 960-87979-0-5.
BASKET ARIS – Unofficial fan site dedicated to ARIS B.C.
Notes
References
External links
Twitter Account (in Greek)
NBA Draft Profile
Nikos Galis FIBA Hall of Fame Profile
Euroleague.net 50 Greatest Contributors
FIBA Profile
Galis FIBA Europe Profile
Hellenic Basketball Federation Profile (in Greek)
Interbasket.net Galis Profile
FIBAEurope.com Galis Story
Euroleague.net A scoring machine
101 Greats: Nikos Galis
Τα “κανόνια” του ελληνικού Πρωταθλήματος: Νίκος Γκάλης (in Greek)
Nick Galis Unofficial Website
GrHomeBoy.com Galis Inducted into FIBA Hall of Fame
Books.Google.com Seton Hall Pirates Nick Galis
SHUPPirates.com Seton Hall – Galis
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Nikolaos Georgalis (Greek: Νικόλαος Γεωργαλής; born July 23, 1957), commonly known as either Nikos Galis (Greek: Νίκος Γκάλης), or Nick Galis, is a Greek former professional basketball player. Galis, who during his playing days was nicknamed, "Nick The Greek", "The Gangster", and "The Iron Man", is widely regarded as Europe's greatest scorer to ever play the game, and as one of the all-time greatest players in FIBA international basketball history. In 1991, Galis was named one of FIBA's 50 Greatest Players. In 2007, he became an inaugural member of the FIBA Hall of Fame. In 2008, he was chosen as one of the 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors. In 2017, he was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.During his college basketball career at Seton Hall University, Galis played at the point guard position. However, his primary position during his pro career was shooting guard. He spent most of his club playing career with Aris Thessaloniki, before having a late career stint with Panathinaikos Athens. Among qualified players, he is the EuroLeague's all-time leader in points per game scoring average, when counting both the FIBA and EuroLeague Basketball eras (1958–present). He was also the league's top scorer of the season, numerous times. In Europe's premier basketball club competition, he reached the EuroLeague Final Four on four occasions, making it in three consecutive years with Aris (1988, 1989, 1990), and in another year with Panathinaikos (1994). Galis won eight Greek league championships, and he is also the Greek Championship's amateur era all-time leading scorer, in both career points scored and career scoring average, when counting all league formats prior to the league becoming fully professional, in the 1992–93 season.
Galis led the Greece men's national basketball team to the EuroBasket's gold medal in 1987, and he earned the tournament's MVP award in the process. Following his stunning success in winning the 1987 EuroBasket title, Galis won both the Mr. Europa and the Euroscar player of the year awards. He also led Greece to a silver medal at the 1989 EuroBasket, where he was also selected to the All-EuroBasket Team. Overall during his national team career, he was named to the All-EuroBasket Team four times (1983, 1987, 1989, 1991). Among his myriad of accomplishments, he holds the EuroBasket's record for the highest career scoring average (31.2 points per game), and he was also the leading scorer of four EuroBasket tournaments, in 1983, 1987, 1989, and 1991. Galis also owns two major records of the FIBA World Championship/Cup tournament. He holds the records for the highest career scoring average (33.5 points per game), and the most total points ever scored in a single tournament, which he set at the 1986 FIBA World Championship.
Galis, who was named the Greek Male Athlete of the Year three times (1986, 1987, 1989), is highly revered in Greece, where he is considered by many to be one of the greatest national athletes that the country has ever had. His years with Aris Thessaloniki and the Greece national team, lifted Greek basketball from a place of relative obscurity, to both European and global power status. Galis was the sports icon that eventually inspired thousands of Greeks to take up playing the game of basketball.
Early life and high school
Galis was born in Union City, New Jersey. The child of a poor immigrant family, from the Greek islands of Rhodes and Nisyros, Galis took up boxing in his early years, after his father, George Georgalis, who had also been a boxer in his youth. He was later persuaded to give up boxing by his mother, Stella Georgalis, who was terrified after each time that her son would return home from boxing training with a new facial injury. As a result, Galis started playing the sport of basketball instead of boxing. He attended Union Hill High School, in Union City, where he played high school basketball for legendary coach William J. McKeever , as well as American football.
College career
After high school, Galis enrolled at Seton Hall University, where he played college basketball as a member of the Seton Hall Pirates. In his senior 1978–79 season, Galis saw his scoring average reach 27.5 points per game, which was third in the nation, behind Idaho State's Lawrence Butler (30.1 points per game) and Indiana State's Larry Bird (28.6 points per game), including a 48-point outburst against the University of Santa Clara.Also in his senior year of college, Galis won the Haggerty Award (the New York City metro area's best player award), and the Eastern College Athletic Conference Player of the Year award. The same year, he also played in the Pizza Hut All-American game, alongside Bird and Vinnie Johnson. During his four-year college career, Galis played in a total of 107 games and scored 1,651 points, for a career scoring average of 15.4 points per game.Galis' head coach at Seton Hall, Bill Raftery, would later state that Galis was the best player that he ever coached. While at Seton Hall, Galis was a good friend and roommate of Italian-American professional basketball player Dan Callandrillo. Galis was later inducted into the Seton Hall Athletic Hall of Fame, in 1991.
College stats
Professional career
Boston Celtics
After finishing his collegiate career in 1979, Galis signed with agent Bill Manon, who also managed Diana Ross. Manon did not have Galis work out with any NBA team. Galis was eventually selected by the Boston Celtics in the 4th round of the 1979 NBA draft, 68th overall. Due to a severe ankle injury that Galis suffered during the Celtics preseason training camp of the 1979–80 season, the franchise was no longer interested in offering him a contract because Gerald Henderson had taken his place on the team, and his injury would keep him out for the foreseeable future.
Galis then decided to pursue a professional career in Greece's top-tier level Basket League. Later, while still playing in Greece, he would be offered NBA contracts by the Celtics and the New Jersey Nets. However, he turned the offers down, because at the time, and until 1989, FIBA did not have professional status, and consequently did not allow NBA players to compete at the national team level. Since playing with the Greek men's national basketball team meant so much to him, he stayed in Greece. Celtics then-president Red Auerbach later said that the single biggest mistake he ever made in his career was not keeping Galis.
Aris Thessaloniki
After suffering an ankle injury in the Boston Celtics 1979–80 preseason training camp, which prevented him from receiving a contract with the Celtics, Galis made the move across the Atlantic, and signed to play with Aris Thessaloniki of Greece, in 1979. The two major Greek clubs of Panathinaikos Athens and Olympiacos Piraeus, had also shown some interest in signing him, but it was Aris Thessaloniki's interest that was the most persuasive to Galis. His move to the country would eventually help Greek club basketball to reach a level of popularity that had never been previously imagined.
Galis was the indisputable leader of Aris Thessaloniki, as he averaged more than 30 points per game in nearly every season and competition that he played in with the team. With Aris Thessaloniki, he played alongside other great European players like Panagiotis Giannakis and Slobodan Subotić, who was known in Greece as Lefteris Soumpotits. With Aris Thessaloniki, Galis won eight Greek League championships, in the years 1983, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991. He won seven out of his eight Greek League championships in consecutive years, with three of those championships being won in undefeated seasons. He also won six Greek Cup titles with Aris Thessaloniki, in the years 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1992. Four of his six Greek Cup titles were won in consecutive years.
In the top-level European-wide club competition, the FIBA European Champions' Cup (EuroLeague), Galis led Aris Thessaloniki to three consecutive appearances at the competition's Final Four. Galis' team played at the 1988 Ghent Final Four, the 1989 Munich Final Four, and the 1990 Zaragoza Final Four. In the one major disappointment of an otherwise glittering club career with Aris Thessaloniki, all three of Galis' FIBA European Champions' Cup Final Four appearances ended in losses in the semifinals. Which thus deprived him of the opportunity to shine all the way onto Europe's biggest club stage, at the FIBA European Champions' Cup Finals (EuroLeague Finals). However, the team's performances and general standard of play, won over the hearts of most basketball fans in Greece. In fact, cinemas and theaters in Greece would often reduce their ticket admission prices on Thursday evenings, when Aris Thessaloniki was playing games, as large segments of the country settled down to watch them on television.
In June 1991, Galis was chosen as a member of The Balkans Selection All-Star Team that played against The European Selection All-Star Team at the 1991 FIBA Centennial Jubilee. The 1991 FIBA Jubilee event was held in order to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the creation of the sport of basketball in 1891, by the Canadian James Naismith. The FIBA Jubilee All-Star Game took place at the Peace and Friendship Stadium, in Piraeus, Athens, Greece, and it included numerous legends of European basketball. The Balkans' All-Star Selection won the game, by a score of 103–102. Galis was the game's top scorer, with 20 points.
On 19 December 1991, in one of his final FIBA EuroLeague games with Aris Thessaloniki, Galis rolled back the clock. At the age of 34, he scored 46 points, on 13/20 field goals overall, 8/14 2-point field goals, 5/6 3-point field goals, and 15/18 free throws, in a 111–108 loss against the Italian League club Olimpia Milano. However, Aris Thessaloniki's 1991–92 FIBA EuroLeague season was a disappointment, as the club finished group stage play with a record of 3–11.
Also in that same 1991–92 season, in a Greek League game against Panionios Athens, Galis scored 48 points, on 17/21 field goals overall, 15/18 2-point field goals, 2/3 3-point field goals, and 12/13 free throws. However, Aris Thessaloniki failed to make it to the 1992 Greek League's Finals. It was the first time that the team had not won the Greek League championship, since 1984.
Eventually, the 1991–92 season ended up being Galis' final campaign with Aris Thessaloniki. At that time, the team was under new management and was trying to bring down the club's debts. That combined with Galis' huge salary for that time, and the fact that the team was in a period of decline, were the main causes for his departure. Galis, who adored the city of Thessaloniki and Aris' fans, had originally insisted on remaining in the club and playing for the team, as he believed that he still had a lot to offer the club. Ultimately however, Galis was forced to leave the club. In his last game for the club, Galis scored 18 points (6/9, 6/9, 0/2) as Aris beat AEK 74–62 to win yet another Greek Cup title in 1992.
Panathinaikos Athens
Galis moved to Athens, in the summer of 1992, to play with Panathinaikos. He was the player who then led the "Greens" to a club rebirth, after it had suffered through a long drought period, during which the historical team had remained without winning any titles. The previous season (1991–92) had been particularly disappointing for the club, with the team finishing in eighth place in the Greek league. As the team's captain, Galis inspired the young players of Panathinaikos Athens, such as Fragiskos Alvertis and Nikos Oikonomou, and he gradually brought back hope to the team's fans. So much so, as to the point that the club's then home arena, Glyfada Indoor Hall, was always overcrowded. In that season (1992–93), Panathinaikos Athens finished in second place in the Greek league, and also won the Greek Cup title, which was the seventh Greek Cup title for Galis.
In the following 1993–94 season, Galis was the FIBA European League (EuroLeague)'s Top Scorer, with an average of 23.8 points per game, in 21 games played. He also led the league in assists, with an average of 4.7 assists per game. In Panathinaikos Athens' decisive Game 3 victory of the FIBA European League's quarterfinals, against the then reigning league champions, the French League club Limoges, Galis truly led Panathinaikos Athens into a new club era. Galis led Panathinaikos Athens' qualification to the 1994 Tel Aviv FIBA European League Final Four, by scoring 30 points in the deciding playoff game, on 12–16 (75%) field goal shooting in the game. The "Greens" eventually finished in third place in the FIBA European League that season, after they lost in the semifinals to their arch-rivals Olympiacos Piraeus, by a score of 77–72.
However, it was still the furthest that the club had reached in the competition since the 1971–72 season. Galis scored 30 points in Panathinaikos Athens' win in the Final Four's third place game against the Spanish League club FC Barcelona, as he led all scorers in the game, with 30 points. Galis was named to the All-Final Four Team.
In what proved to be one of his final games for Panathinaikos, during the 3rd/4th place playoff series against Panionios in May 1994, Galis went scoreless in a game for the first time in his professional career in Greece, ending game 2 (which Panathinaikos lost 93–71) with 0/4 two-point shots from 29 minutes' play. Galis rallied to score 18 and 22 points in games 3 and 4, both of which Panathinaikos won to seal 3rd spot and a place in the FIBA European League for the following season.
In his third season with Panthinaikos Athens (1994–95), Galis teamed up with Panagiotis Giannakis and Žarko Paspalj, to make a strong effort to win the championship of the FIBA European League. Galis was the player who led Panathinaikos Athens to the competition's Top 16 group stage, as he prevented their elimination from the competition against the Ukrainian Super League club Budivelnyk Kyiv, with a game-high of 23 points in the club's decisive second-leg game victory. Galis was also the leader of the team in their Greek Cup win against Olympiacos Piraeus, at the Sporting Sports Arena.
At the age of 37, Galis played in his last game in professional basketball, as a player of Panathinaikos Athens, on October 12, 1994. It was in a game against Dafni Athens, in Week 1 of the Greek League's 1994–95 season. In that game, Galis scored a total of 8 points (2/2, 3/3), in 35 minutes of playing time. Panathinaikos Athens won the game in a blowout, by a score of 82–60.
Galis' playing career then ended controversially, on October 18, 1994, before Panathinaikos Athens' Week 2 game of the Greek League's 1994–95 season. Kostas Politis, who was the head coach of Panathinaikos Athens at the time, decided not to include Galis in the team's starting line-up of that Greek League game versus Ampelokipoi Athens. In protest against the head coach's decision, Galis left the arena, and ultimately, he never returned to playing action again. His retirement was officially announced in the media, on September 29, 1995.
During his pro club basketball career, Galis scored a total of 12,864 points, in 384 Greek Basket League games played, for a career scoring average of 33.5 points per game. In the 55 career Greek Cup games in which he played, he scored a total of 1,935 points, for a career scoring average of 35.2 points per game. He also averaged 42.5 points per game, in the two Greek Super Cup games that he played in. He scored a total of 864 points, in 23 FIBA Korać Cup games, for a career scoring average of 37.6 points per game. In the FIBA EuroLeague, he scored a total of 4,047 points, in 125 games played, for a career scoring average of 32.4 points per game. Overall, in all of the pro club competitions that he played in, Galis scored a total of 19,795 points, in 589 games played, for a pro club career scoring average of 33.6 points per game.
Career pro club statistics
Greek League season by season scoring stats
(Regular season and postseason)
Season by season scoring stats in European-wide leagues
National team career
Galis first played with the Greece men's national basketball team at the 1980 FIBA European Olympic Qualifying Tournament. He averaged 20.5 points per game at the tournament. His tournament single-game scoring high was 30 points, which came in a game against Switzerland. However, Greece failed to qualify for the 1980 Moscow Summer Olympic Games. At the 1981 EuroBasket, Galis averaged 19.9 points per game. Greece finished the tournament in 9th place. At the 1983 EuroBasket, Galis averaged 33.6 points per game, and he was the tournament's leading scorer. Greece finished the tournament in 11th place.
On 20 November 1983, Galis played in a friendly game against the North Carolina Tar Heels, at The Demetria Tournament '83. The game took place at the Alexandreio Melathron arena. During that game, Galis, who was Greece's shooting guard, was guarded by North Carolina's shooting guard, Michael Jordan. Galis scored 24 points during the game.At the 1984 FIBA European Olympic Qualifying Tournament, Galis averaged 31.6 points per game, and he was the tournament's leading scorer. His tournament single-game scoring high was 45 points, which came in a game against Great Britain. However, Greece failed to qualify for the 1984 Los Angeles Summer Olympic Games.
With Greece, Galis won the bronze medal at the 1984 Balkan Championship. At the 1986 FIBA World Championship, Galis led the tournament in scoring, as he averaged 33.7 points per game. During the tournament, he had a 53-point outburst in a game against Panama. Greece finished the tournament in 10th place. With Greece, Galis won the gold medal at the 1986 Balkan Championship.
Galis next led the Greece national team to the 1987 EuroBasket gold medal. Galis led the tournament in scoring, as he averaged 37.0 points per game. He scored 40 points in the tournament's finals against the Soviet Union national team and its legendary player, Šarūnas Marčiulionis, as he led Greece to a 103–101 victory. He was named the MVP of the tournament.
At the 1988 FIBA European Olympic Qualifying Tournament, Galis averaged 28.4 points per game, and he was the tournament's leading scorer. His tournament single-game scoring high was 35 points, which came in a game against Germany. However, Greece failed to qualify for the 1988 Seoul Summer Olympic Games.
Galis also led Greece to the silver medal at the 1989 EuroBasket, which he led in scoring, with an average of 35.6 points per game. Galis is most remembered from that tournament, for a stunning effort against the Soviet team led by Marčiulionis, and its other star player, Arvydas Sabonis, in their semifinals game. Galis scored 45 out of his team's 81 total points, in a dramatic last-gasp 81–80 victory. The Greek team then settled for a second-place finish, after they lost against the dominant Yugoslav national team, in the tournament's finals.
Galis also represented Greece at the 1991 FIBA Centennial Jubilee, which commemorated the 100th anniversary of the creation of the sport of basketball, by the Canadian James Naismith. The Jubilee tournament took place at the Peace and Friendship Stadium, in Piraeus, Athens, Greece. In three games played during the tournament, Galis averaged 21.0 points per game.
At the 1991 EuroBasket, Galis averaged 32.4 points per game, and he also led the tournament in scoring. In total, Galis was the leading scorer of the EuroBasket four times. He was also a four-time All-EuroBasket Team member.
In total, Galis played in 168 FIBA-recognized games with the Greece national team, in which he scored a total of 5,129 points, for a career scoring average of 30.5 points per game. Galis is in the second place, on the list of the all-time career scoring leaders in the history of Greece's senior national team. Panagiotis Giannakis is in first place on the list.
Greek senior national team career statistics
Greece National Team scoring stats by tournament
Galis' top 10 scoring FIBA games
Highest scoring single games by competition
Player profile
Galis was not only a legendary scorer, he was also a great play maker and passer. The majority of his points scored came inside the paint area, due to his penetrating ability. Galis' mid-range jumper was one of his biggest offensive weapons, as he was able to consistently make it against defensive pressure. Galis' great strength and leaping ability allowed him to have an excellent post game against other guards, despite his short stature, as compared to most other players. Another enormous competitive advantage that Galis possessed was his incredible stamina, which was due to his exemplary physical conditioning. At the 1987 EuroBasket, after the first game of the competition, Galis was never substituted out of any of the tournament's remaining games. His stamina and conditioning led to him being given the nickname of "The Iron Man".
Post-playing career and personal life
Galis is married to Eleni Panagiotou, and he has one daughter, named Stella. Since his official retirement from playing professional club basketball on September 29, 1995, and up until early 2006, Galis was the owner of a summer basketball camp in Chalkidiki, Greece. The basketball camp was listed at the Athens Stock Exchange. As a token of appreciation for his contribution to Greek sport, Galis was chosen to be the first torch bearer, in the final round of the Olympic Flame, for the Athens 2004 Summer Olympics. Galis entered the stadium at the conclusion of the Opening Ceremony, and set off the procession of the flame to the altar.
In September 2007, Galis was inducted as a member of the first class of the FIBA Hall of Fame, which includes the best basketball players in the history of the game internationally. Galis was inducted as a player. Bill Russell, of the famous Boston Celtics dynasty, was another one of the 16 inaugural player inductees. Galis was also entered into the Eurobasket.com website's European Basketball Hall of Fame, inducted as a player.
In May 2013, his former club team Aris Thessaloniki, renamed the court of their home arena, the Alexandreio Melathron, to "Nick Galis Hall". The club also organized a celebration of Galis' life and career, and retired his number 6 Aris jersey. The event was attended by many of his former teammates and opponents, from the 1980s and 1990s. Some of the attendees included the majority of the Greece men's national basketball team's 1987 EuroBasket gold medal-winning team, as well as numerous other international basketball stars who played against Galis over the years, such as Dino Rađja, Jordi Villacampa, and Doron Jamchi, among others.
On April 1, 2017, it was announced that Galis would be inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, as part of the 2017 Hall of Fame class. Galis was later inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, on September 9, 2017. He became one of the very few men's basketball players from around the world, to be inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame, without having ever played in the NBA. On June 14, 2016, exactly 29 years after Greece's national team won the gold medal at the 1987 EuroBasket, the court of the biggest basketball arena in Greece, the OAKA Olympic Indoor Hall, was named the "Nikos Galis Olympic Indoor Hall", in his honour.
Quotes about Galis
"I never thought that there was such a good offensive player in Europe, and especially in Greece.", Michael Jordan
"I've seen Galis do things, that I've seen neither Lakers nor Celtics do.", Bob McAdoo
"I admire him. When he plays one on one, there's no way to stop him. I didn't think that there would ever be a player, who by himself, could cause nightmares and even beat the Soviet Union.", Sergei Belov
"If Galis wants to score, he will score no matter who's defending him.", Arvydas Sabonis
"If I'm The Son of the Devil, then Galis is The Devil himself.", Dražen Petrović
'"I’d like to be on the same team with him, so I could pass to him, and then watch him score a basket.”, Dražen Petrović
"Although Drazen (i.e. Petrović) is my brother, for the best athlete of 1987, I voted for Galis."', Aco Petrović
"Galis is a great player. He is one of the best European players. He was a really tough opponent, he floated in the air, he was one of the best.", Dino Radja
"Petrović and Galis were the most charismatic players I've ever known. "Galis is the only player who made me shudder.", Doron Jamchi
"Everyone who plays basketball, owes Galis money.", Fanis Christodoulou
"If we played together, we would have scored 300 points in every game!", Vassilis Goumas
"The man is a computer! If he had played with us in AEK in the '60s, we would have been undefeated.", Georgios Amerikanos
"A European and Greek basketball changed. It is my honor to play with him. He is the greatest of all time "., Sasha Volkov
"I've seen many players in my career, but what Galis does on the floor, only 2–3 in the world can do.", Audie Norris
"Who wouldn't want to play with Galis? I would definitely give the ball to Galis on the last play. Galis changed basketball in Greece and Europe.", Audie Norris
"Galis wasn't affected by anything. I count him among the five best players of Europe.", Georgios Sigalas
"In Greece, Galis is what Michael Jordan is in America.", Steve Giatzoglou
"Galis is the player of the 21st century.", Alexander Gomelsky, USSR head coach.
"I had nightmares of Galis all night.", Pierre Dao, Limoges head coach.
"I had given specific instructions on how to defend against the other 4 players. As for Nikos, we just had to sit down and pray!", Wojciech Krajewski, Lech Poznan head coach.
"There is only one way I can think of to stop Nikos from scoring. Lock him up in his hotel room, so that he can't come to the arena.", Ruud Harrewijn, Dutch national team head coach.
Awards and accomplishments
Galis won numerous titles and awards during his career and had many memorable single game performances. The following are some of them:
College
Haggerty Award (New York Metro Area Player of the Year): 1979
ECAC Player of the Year: 1979
Member of the Seton Hall Athletic Hall of Fame: 1991
Pro career
Titles:
8× Greek League Champion: 1983, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991
7× Greek Cup Winner: 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993
Greek Super Cup Winner: 1986(In total, he won 16 trophies in his pro club career as a player.)Personal awards and achievements:
11× Greek League Top Scorer: 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991
Greek Super Cup Finals Top Scorer: 1986
3× Greek Male Athlete of the Year: 1986, 1987, 1989
5× Greek Cup Finals Top Scorer: 1987, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993
5× Greek League Finals MVP: 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991
2× FIBA European Selection: 1987, 1991 I
Mediterranean Player of the Year: 1987
Euroscar European Player of the Year: 1987
Mr. Europa European Player of the Year: 1987
L'Équipe Champion of Champions' 10th Best Athlete in the World: 1987
5× FIBA EuroLeague Top Scorer: 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1994
5× Greek League MVP: 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992
4× Greek League Assist Leader: 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994
2× Greek League All-Star (1991, 1994 I)
FIBA EuroLeague Assists Leader: 1994
FIBA EuroLeague All-Final Four Team: (1994)
EuroLeague Final Four all-time career scoring leader: 231 points (28.9 points per game).
Greek Championship (amateur era) all-time career scoring leader: 12,864 points (33.5 points per game) – Vassilis Spanoulis is the league's professional era all-time career scoring leader.
Greek Cup all-time career scoring leader: 1,935 points (35.2 points per game).
FIBA's 50 Greatest Players: 1991
Member of the FIBA Hall of Fame: 2007
50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors: 2008
No. 6 jersey retired by Aris: 2013
Member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame: 2017
101 Greats of European Basketball: 2018
HoopsHype's 75 Greatest International Players Ever: 2021
Greek Basket League Hall of Fame: 2022
Along with Panagiotis Giannakis, he led Aris Thessaloniki to an 80-game winning streak in the Greek League, in the 1980s.
His personal career single-game scoring high in a Greek League game was 62 points, which was achieved in a game on 24 January 1981, during the 1980–81 season (Aris Thessaloniki vs. Ionikos Nikaias). However, in the same game, Ionikos' superstar, Panagiotis Giannakis, who would later go on to become Galis' teammate on Aris, scored 73 points.
His personal career single-game scoring high in the Greek Cup tournament was 52 points against Panellinios Athens, in the 1987 Greek Cup Final (15 April 1987).
His personal career single-game scoring high in a European-wide continental club competition was 56 points against Vasas (5 November 1980), during the 1980–81 season of the FIBA Korać Cup.
His personal career single-game scoring high in the FIBA European Champions' Cup (now called the EuroLeague), was 52 points, which he achieved twice. He scored 52 points versus Oostende in 1986–87 (2 October 1986). He also scored 52 points versus Lech Poznań in 1989–90 (7 December 1989).
In 1993, while playing in the Greek League with Panathinaikos Athens, in a revenge game against his former team Aris Thessaloniki, he had a game for the ages. In the game, Galis made all 13 of his field goal attempts.
4,047 points scored in 125 FIBA EuroLeague games played (32.4 points per game), and 864 points scored in 23 FIBA Korać Cup games played (37.6 points per game).
Greece National Team
1983 EuroBasket: All-Tournament Team
1984 Balkan Championship: Bronze
1986 FIBA World Championship: Top Scorer (33.7 points per game)
1986 Balkan Championship: Gold
1987 EuroBasket: Gold
1989 EuroBasket: Silver
1987 EuroBasket: Most Valuable Player
4× FIBA EuroBasket All-Tournament Team: 1983, 1987, 1989, 1991
4× FIBA EuroBasket Top Scorer: 1983 (33.6 points per game), 1987 (37.0 points per game), 1989 (35.6 points per game), 1991 (32.4 points per game)
2× FIBA European Olympic Qualification Top Scorer: 1984 (31.6 points per game), 1988 (28.4 points per game)
At the 1986 FIBA World Championship, he scored 53 points in a game against Panama.
In the 1987 EuroBasket Finals, he scored 40 points against the Soviet Union.
In the 1989 EuroBasket Semifinals, he scored 45 points against the Soviet Union.
In 168 FIBA-recognized games played with the Greece men's national basketball team, he averaged 30.5 points per game.
Greece men's national basketball team's 2nd all-time career scoring leader (behind Panagiotis Giannakis): 5,167 total points scored, in 169 total games played (30.6 points per game). However, only 5,129 points in 168 games (30.5 points per game), is officially recognized.
Galis was the top scorer in every major European and world international competition that he participated in from 1983 onward: the 1983 EuroBasket, the 1984 FIBA European Olympic Qualification, the 1986 FIBA World Championship, the 1987 EuroBasket, the 1988 FIBA European Olympic Qualification, the 1989 EuroBasket, and the 1991 EuroBasket.
See also
Basketball in the United States
FIBA Europe
Sources
Nikos Galis FIBA Archive official website.
Nikos Galis FIBA Europe official website.
Arbel, Y. , "Iron Man Galis", November 08, 2006, FIBA Europe official website.
Nikos Galis Hellenic Basketball Federation official website (in Greek).
Eurobasket.com's HALL OF FAME.
Rabotas, G. (2003). Nikos Galis, A Legend like I have known him. Athens: Psychogios. ISBN 960-87979-0-5.
BASKET ARIS – Unofficial fan site dedicated to ARIS B.C.
Notes
References
External links
Twitter Account (in Greek)
NBA Draft Profile
Nikos Galis FIBA Hall of Fame Profile
Euroleague.net 50 Greatest Contributors
FIBA Profile
Galis FIBA Europe Profile
Hellenic Basketball Federation Profile (in Greek)
Interbasket.net Galis Profile
FIBAEurope.com Galis Story
Euroleague.net A scoring machine
101 Greats: Nikos Galis
Τα “κανόνια” του ελληνικού Πρωταθλήματος: Νίκος Γκάλης (in Greek)
Nick Galis Unofficial Website
GrHomeBoy.com Galis Inducted into FIBA Hall of Fame
Books.Google.com Seton Hall Pirates Nick Galis
SHUPPirates.com Seton Hall – Galis
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Nikolaos Georgalis (Greek: Νικόλαος Γεωργαλής; born July 23, 1957), commonly known as either Nikos Galis (Greek: Νίκος Γκάλης), or Nick Galis, is a Greek former professional basketball player. Galis, who during his playing days was nicknamed, "Nick The Greek", "The Gangster", and "The Iron Man", is widely regarded as Europe's greatest scorer to ever play the game, and as one of the all-time greatest players in FIBA international basketball history. In 1991, Galis was named one of FIBA's 50 Greatest Players. In 2007, he became an inaugural member of the FIBA Hall of Fame. In 2008, he was chosen as one of the 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors. In 2017, he was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.During his college basketball career at Seton Hall University, Galis played at the point guard position. However, his primary position during his pro career was shooting guard. He spent most of his club playing career with Aris Thessaloniki, before having a late career stint with Panathinaikos Athens. Among qualified players, he is the EuroLeague's all-time leader in points per game scoring average, when counting both the FIBA and EuroLeague Basketball eras (1958–present). He was also the league's top scorer of the season, numerous times. In Europe's premier basketball club competition, he reached the EuroLeague Final Four on four occasions, making it in three consecutive years with Aris (1988, 1989, 1990), and in another year with Panathinaikos (1994). Galis won eight Greek league championships, and he is also the Greek Championship's amateur era all-time leading scorer, in both career points scored and career scoring average, when counting all league formats prior to the league becoming fully professional, in the 1992–93 season.
Galis led the Greece men's national basketball team to the EuroBasket's gold medal in 1987, and he earned the tournament's MVP award in the process. Following his stunning success in winning the 1987 EuroBasket title, Galis won both the Mr. Europa and the Euroscar player of the year awards. He also led Greece to a silver medal at the 1989 EuroBasket, where he was also selected to the All-EuroBasket Team. Overall during his national team career, he was named to the All-EuroBasket Team four times (1983, 1987, 1989, 1991). Among his myriad of accomplishments, he holds the EuroBasket's record for the highest career scoring average (31.2 points per game), and he was also the leading scorer of four EuroBasket tournaments, in 1983, 1987, 1989, and 1991. Galis also owns two major records of the FIBA World Championship/Cup tournament. He holds the records for the highest career scoring average (33.5 points per game), and the most total points ever scored in a single tournament, which he set at the 1986 FIBA World Championship.
Galis, who was named the Greek Male Athlete of the Year three times (1986, 1987, 1989), is highly revered in Greece, where he is considered by many to be one of the greatest national athletes that the country has ever had. His years with Aris Thessaloniki and the Greece national team, lifted Greek basketball from a place of relative obscurity, to both European and global power status. Galis was the sports icon that eventually inspired thousands of Greeks to take up playing the game of basketball.
Early life and high school
Galis was born in Union City, New Jersey. The child of a poor immigrant family, from the Greek islands of Rhodes and Nisyros, Galis took up boxing in his early years, after his father, George Georgalis, who had also been a boxer in his youth. He was later persuaded to give up boxing by his mother, Stella Georgalis, who was terrified after each time that her son would return home from boxing training with a new facial injury. As a result, Galis started playing the sport of basketball instead of boxing. He attended Union Hill High School, in Union City, where he played high school basketball for legendary coach William J. McKeever , as well as American football.
College career
After high school, Galis enrolled at Seton Hall University, where he played college basketball as a member of the Seton Hall Pirates. In his senior 1978–79 season, Galis saw his scoring average reach 27.5 points per game, which was third in the nation, behind Idaho State's Lawrence Butler (30.1 points per game) and Indiana State's Larry Bird (28.6 points per game), including a 48-point outburst against the University of Santa Clara.Also in his senior year of college, Galis won the Haggerty Award (the New York City metro area's best player award), and the Eastern College Athletic Conference Player of the Year award. The same year, he also played in the Pizza Hut All-American game, alongside Bird and Vinnie Johnson. During his four-year college career, Galis played in a total of 107 games and scored 1,651 points, for a career scoring average of 15.4 points per game.Galis' head coach at Seton Hall, Bill Raftery, would later state that Galis was the best player that he ever coached. While at Seton Hall, Galis was a good friend and roommate of Italian-American professional basketball player Dan Callandrillo. Galis was later inducted into the Seton Hall Athletic Hall of Fame, in 1991.
College stats
Professional career
Boston Celtics
After finishing his collegiate career in 1979, Galis signed with agent Bill Manon, who also managed Diana Ross. Manon did not have Galis work out with any NBA team. Galis was eventually selected by the Boston Celtics in the 4th round of the 1979 NBA draft, 68th overall. Due to a severe ankle injury that Galis suffered during the Celtics preseason training camp of the 1979–80 season, the franchise was no longer interested in offering him a contract because Gerald Henderson had taken his place on the team, and his injury would keep him out for the foreseeable future.
Galis then decided to pursue a professional career in Greece's top-tier level Basket League. Later, while still playing in Greece, he would be offered NBA contracts by the Celtics and the New Jersey Nets. However, he turned the offers down, because at the time, and until 1989, FIBA did not have professional status, and consequently did not allow NBA players to compete at the national team level. Since playing with the Greek men's national basketball team meant so much to him, he stayed in Greece. Celtics then-president Red Auerbach later said that the single biggest mistake he ever made in his career was not keeping Galis.
Aris Thessaloniki
After suffering an ankle injury in the Boston Celtics 1979–80 preseason training camp, which prevented him from receiving a contract with the Celtics, Galis made the move across the Atlantic, and signed to play with Aris Thessaloniki of Greece, in 1979. The two major Greek clubs of Panathinaikos Athens and Olympiacos Piraeus, had also shown some interest in signing him, but it was Aris Thessaloniki's interest that was the most persuasive to Galis. His move to the country would eventually help Greek club basketball to reach a level of popularity that had never been previously imagined.
Galis was the indisputable leader of Aris Thessaloniki, as he averaged more than 30 points per game in nearly every season and competition that he played in with the team. With Aris Thessaloniki, he played alongside other great European players like Panagiotis Giannakis and Slobodan Subotić, who was known in Greece as Lefteris Soumpotits. With Aris Thessaloniki, Galis won eight Greek League championships, in the years 1983, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991. He won seven out of his eight Greek League championships in consecutive years, with three of those championships being won in undefeated seasons. He also won six Greek Cup titles with Aris Thessaloniki, in the years 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1992. Four of his six Greek Cup titles were won in consecutive years.
In the top-level European-wide club competition, the FIBA European Champions' Cup (EuroLeague), Galis led Aris Thessaloniki to three consecutive appearances at the competition's Final Four. Galis' team played at the 1988 Ghent Final Four, the 1989 Munich Final Four, and the 1990 Zaragoza Final Four. In the one major disappointment of an otherwise glittering club career with Aris Thessaloniki, all three of Galis' FIBA European Champions' Cup Final Four appearances ended in losses in the semifinals. Which thus deprived him of the opportunity to shine all the way onto Europe's biggest club stage, at the FIBA European Champions' Cup Finals (EuroLeague Finals). However, the team's performances and general standard of play, won over the hearts of most basketball fans in Greece. In fact, cinemas and theaters in Greece would often reduce their ticket admission prices on Thursday evenings, when Aris Thessaloniki was playing games, as large segments of the country settled down to watch them on television.
In June 1991, Galis was chosen as a member of The Balkans Selection All-Star Team that played against The European Selection All-Star Team at the 1991 FIBA Centennial Jubilee. The 1991 FIBA Jubilee event was held in order to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the creation of the sport of basketball in 1891, by the Canadian James Naismith. The FIBA Jubilee All-Star Game took place at the Peace and Friendship Stadium, in Piraeus, Athens, Greece, and it included numerous legends of European basketball. The Balkans' All-Star Selection won the game, by a score of 103–102. Galis was the game's top scorer, with 20 points.
On 19 December 1991, in one of his final FIBA EuroLeague games with Aris Thessaloniki, Galis rolled back the clock. At the age of 34, he scored 46 points, on 13/20 field goals overall, 8/14 2-point field goals, 5/6 3-point field goals, and 15/18 free throws, in a 111–108 loss against the Italian League club Olimpia Milano. However, Aris Thessaloniki's 1991–92 FIBA EuroLeague season was a disappointment, as the club finished group stage play with a record of 3–11.
Also in that same 1991–92 season, in a Greek League game against Panionios Athens, Galis scored 48 points, on 17/21 field goals overall, 15/18 2-point field goals, 2/3 3-point field goals, and 12/13 free throws. However, Aris Thessaloniki failed to make it to the 1992 Greek League's Finals. It was the first time that the team had not won the Greek League championship, since 1984.
Eventually, the 1991–92 season ended up being Galis' final campaign with Aris Thessaloniki. At that time, the team was under new management and was trying to bring down the club's debts. That combined with Galis' huge salary for that time, and the fact that the team was in a period of decline, were the main causes for his departure. Galis, who adored the city of Thessaloniki and Aris' fans, had originally insisted on remaining in the club and playing for the team, as he believed that he still had a lot to offer the club. Ultimately however, Galis was forced to leave the club. In his last game for the club, Galis scored 18 points (6/9, 6/9, 0/2) as Aris beat AEK 74–62 to win yet another Greek Cup title in 1992.
Panathinaikos Athens
Galis moved to Athens, in the summer of 1992, to play with Panathinaikos. He was the player who then led the "Greens" to a club rebirth, after it had suffered through a long drought period, during which the historical team had remained without winning any titles. The previous season (1991–92) had been particularly disappointing for the club, with the team finishing in eighth place in the Greek league. As the team's captain, Galis inspired the young players of Panathinaikos Athens, such as Fragiskos Alvertis and Nikos Oikonomou, and he gradually brought back hope to the team's fans. So much so, as to the point that the club's then home arena, Glyfada Indoor Hall, was always overcrowded. In that season (1992–93), Panathinaikos Athens finished in second place in the Greek league, and also won the Greek Cup title, which was the seventh Greek Cup title for Galis.
In the following 1993–94 season, Galis was the FIBA European League (EuroLeague)'s Top Scorer, with an average of 23.8 points per game, in 21 games played. He also led the league in assists, with an average of 4.7 assists per game. In Panathinaikos Athens' decisive Game 3 victory of the FIBA European League's quarterfinals, against the then reigning league champions, the French League club Limoges, Galis truly led Panathinaikos Athens into a new club era. Galis led Panathinaikos Athens' qualification to the 1994 Tel Aviv FIBA European League Final Four, by scoring 30 points in the deciding playoff game, on 12–16 (75%) field goal shooting in the game. The "Greens" eventually finished in third place in the FIBA European League that season, after they lost in the semifinals to their arch-rivals Olympiacos Piraeus, by a score of 77–72.
However, it was still the furthest that the club had reached in the competition since the 1971–72 season. Galis scored 30 points in Panathinaikos Athens' win in the Final Four's third place game against the Spanish League club FC Barcelona, as he led all scorers in the game, with 30 points. Galis was named to the All-Final Four Team.
In what proved to be one of his final games for Panathinaikos, during the 3rd/4th place playoff series against Panionios in May 1994, Galis went scoreless in a game for the first time in his professional career in Greece, ending game 2 (which Panathinaikos lost 93–71) with 0/4 two-point shots from 29 minutes' play. Galis rallied to score 18 and 22 points in games 3 and 4, both of which Panathinaikos won to seal 3rd spot and a place in the FIBA European League for the following season.
In his third season with Panthinaikos Athens (1994–95), Galis teamed up with Panagiotis Giannakis and Žarko Paspalj, to make a strong effort to win the championship of the FIBA European League. Galis was the player who led Panathinaikos Athens to the competition's Top 16 group stage, as he prevented their elimination from the competition against the Ukrainian Super League club Budivelnyk Kyiv, with a game-high of 23 points in the club's decisive second-leg game victory. Galis was also the leader of the team in their Greek Cup win against Olympiacos Piraeus, at the Sporting Sports Arena.
At the age of 37, Galis played in his last game in professional basketball, as a player of Panathinaikos Athens, on October 12, 1994. It was in a game against Dafni Athens, in Week 1 of the Greek League's 1994–95 season. In that game, Galis scored a total of 8 points (2/2, 3/3), in 35 minutes of playing time. Panathinaikos Athens won the game in a blowout, by a score of 82–60.
Galis' playing career then ended controversially, on October 18, 1994, before Panathinaikos Athens' Week 2 game of the Greek League's 1994–95 season. Kostas Politis, who was the head coach of Panathinaikos Athens at the time, decided not to include Galis in the team's starting line-up of that Greek League game versus Ampelokipoi Athens. In protest against the head coach's decision, Galis left the arena, and ultimately, he never returned to playing action again. His retirement was officially announced in the media, on September 29, 1995.
During his pro club basketball career, Galis scored a total of 12,864 points, in 384 Greek Basket League games played, for a career scoring average of 33.5 points per game. In the 55 career Greek Cup games in which he played, he scored a total of 1,935 points, for a career scoring average of 35.2 points per game. He also averaged 42.5 points per game, in the two Greek Super Cup games that he played in. He scored a total of 864 points, in 23 FIBA Korać Cup games, for a career scoring average of 37.6 points per game. In the FIBA EuroLeague, he scored a total of 4,047 points, in 125 games played, for a career scoring average of 32.4 points per game. Overall, in all of the pro club competitions that he played in, Galis scored a total of 19,795 points, in 589 games played, for a pro club career scoring average of 33.6 points per game.
Career pro club statistics
Greek League season by season scoring stats
(Regular season and postseason)
Season by season scoring stats in European-wide leagues
National team career
Galis first played with the Greece men's national basketball team at the 1980 FIBA European Olympic Qualifying Tournament. He averaged 20.5 points per game at the tournament. His tournament single-game scoring high was 30 points, which came in a game against Switzerland. However, Greece failed to qualify for the 1980 Moscow Summer Olympic Games. At the 1981 EuroBasket, Galis averaged 19.9 points per game. Greece finished the tournament in 9th place. At the 1983 EuroBasket, Galis averaged 33.6 points per game, and he was the tournament's leading scorer. Greece finished the tournament in 11th place.
On 20 November 1983, Galis played in a friendly game against the North Carolina Tar Heels, at The Demetria Tournament '83. The game took place at the Alexandreio Melathron arena. During that game, Galis, who was Greece's shooting guard, was guarded by North Carolina's shooting guard, Michael Jordan. Galis scored 24 points during the game.At the 1984 FIBA European Olympic Qualifying Tournament, Galis averaged 31.6 points per game, and he was the tournament's leading scorer. His tournament single-game scoring high was 45 points, which came in a game against Great Britain. However, Greece failed to qualify for the 1984 Los Angeles Summer Olympic Games.
With Greece, Galis won the bronze medal at the 1984 Balkan Championship. At the 1986 FIBA World Championship, Galis led the tournament in scoring, as he averaged 33.7 points per game. During the tournament, he had a 53-point outburst in a game against Panama. Greece finished the tournament in 10th place. With Greece, Galis won the gold medal at the 1986 Balkan Championship.
Galis next led the Greece national team to the 1987 EuroBasket gold medal. Galis led the tournament in scoring, as he averaged 37.0 points per game. He scored 40 points in the tournament's finals against the Soviet Union national team and its legendary player, Šarūnas Marčiulionis, as he led Greece to a 103–101 victory. He was named the MVP of the tournament.
At the 1988 FIBA European Olympic Qualifying Tournament, Galis averaged 28.4 points per game, and he was the tournament's leading scorer. His tournament single-game scoring high was 35 points, which came in a game against Germany. However, Greece failed to qualify for the 1988 Seoul Summer Olympic Games.
Galis also led Greece to the silver medal at the 1989 EuroBasket, which he led in scoring, with an average of 35.6 points per game. Galis is most remembered from that tournament, for a stunning effort against the Soviet team led by Marčiulionis, and its other star player, Arvydas Sabonis, in their semifinals game. Galis scored 45 out of his team's 81 total points, in a dramatic last-gasp 81–80 victory. The Greek team then settled for a second-place finish, after they lost against the dominant Yugoslav national team, in the tournament's finals.
Galis also represented Greece at the 1991 FIBA Centennial Jubilee, which commemorated the 100th anniversary of the creation of the sport of basketball, by the Canadian James Naismith. The Jubilee tournament took place at the Peace and Friendship Stadium, in Piraeus, Athens, Greece. In three games played during the tournament, Galis averaged 21.0 points per game.
At the 1991 EuroBasket, Galis averaged 32.4 points per game, and he also led the tournament in scoring. In total, Galis was the leading scorer of the EuroBasket four times. He was also a four-time All-EuroBasket Team member.
In total, Galis played in 168 FIBA-recognized games with the Greece national team, in which he scored a total of 5,129 points, for a career scoring average of 30.5 points per game. Galis is in the second place, on the list of the all-time career scoring leaders in the history of Greece's senior national team. Panagiotis Giannakis is in first place on the list.
Greek senior national team career statistics
Greece National Team scoring stats by tournament
Galis' top 10 scoring FIBA games
Highest scoring single games by competition
Player profile
Galis was not only a legendary scorer, he was also a great play maker and passer. The majority of his points scored came inside the paint area, due to his penetrating ability. Galis' mid-range jumper was one of his biggest offensive weapons, as he was able to consistently make it against defensive pressure. Galis' great strength and leaping ability allowed him to have an excellent post game against other guards, despite his short stature, as compared to most other players. Another enormous competitive advantage that Galis possessed was his incredible stamina, which was due to his exemplary physical conditioning. At the 1987 EuroBasket, after the first game of the competition, Galis was never substituted out of any of the tournament's remaining games. His stamina and conditioning led to him being given the nickname of "The Iron Man".
Post-playing career and personal life
Galis is married to Eleni Panagiotou, and he has one daughter, named Stella. Since his official retirement from playing professional club basketball on September 29, 1995, and up until early 2006, Galis was the owner of a summer basketball camp in Chalkidiki, Greece. The basketball camp was listed at the Athens Stock Exchange. As a token of appreciation for his contribution to Greek sport, Galis was chosen to be the first torch bearer, in the final round of the Olympic Flame, for the Athens 2004 Summer Olympics. Galis entered the stadium at the conclusion of the Opening Ceremony, and set off the procession of the flame to the altar.
In September 2007, Galis was inducted as a member of the first class of the FIBA Hall of Fame, which includes the best basketball players in the history of the game internationally. Galis was inducted as a player. Bill Russell, of the famous Boston Celtics dynasty, was another one of the 16 inaugural player inductees. Galis was also entered into the Eurobasket.com website's European Basketball Hall of Fame, inducted as a player.
In May 2013, his former club team Aris Thessaloniki, renamed the court of their home arena, the Alexandreio Melathron, to "Nick Galis Hall". The club also organized a celebration of Galis' life and career, and retired his number 6 Aris jersey. The event was attended by many of his former teammates and opponents, from the 1980s and 1990s. Some of the attendees included the majority of the Greece men's national basketball team's 1987 EuroBasket gold medal-winning team, as well as numerous other international basketball stars who played against Galis over the years, such as Dino Rađja, Jordi Villacampa, and Doron Jamchi, among others.
On April 1, 2017, it was announced that Galis would be inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, as part of the 2017 Hall of Fame class. Galis was later inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, on September 9, 2017. He became one of the very few men's basketball players from around the world, to be inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame, without having ever played in the NBA. On June 14, 2016, exactly 29 years after Greece's national team won the gold medal at the 1987 EuroBasket, the court of the biggest basketball arena in Greece, the OAKA Olympic Indoor Hall, was named the "Nikos Galis Olympic Indoor Hall", in his honour.
Quotes about Galis
"I never thought that there was such a good offensive player in Europe, and especially in Greece.", Michael Jordan
"I've seen Galis do things, that I've seen neither Lakers nor Celtics do.", Bob McAdoo
"I admire him. When he plays one on one, there's no way to stop him. I didn't think that there would ever be a player, who by himself, could cause nightmares and even beat the Soviet Union.", Sergei Belov
"If Galis wants to score, he will score no matter who's defending him.", Arvydas Sabonis
"If I'm The Son of the Devil, then Galis is The Devil himself.", Dražen Petrović
'"I’d like to be on the same team with him, so I could pass to him, and then watch him score a basket.”, Dražen Petrović
"Although Drazen (i.e. Petrović) is my brother, for the best athlete of 1987, I voted for Galis."', Aco Petrović
"Galis is a great player. He is one of the best European players. He was a really tough opponent, he floated in the air, he was one of the best.", Dino Radja
"Petrović and Galis were the most charismatic players I've ever known. "Galis is the only player who made me shudder.", Doron Jamchi
"Everyone who plays basketball, owes Galis money.", Fanis Christodoulou
"If we played together, we would have scored 300 points in every game!", Vassilis Goumas
"The man is a computer! If he had played with us in AEK in the '60s, we would have been undefeated.", Georgios Amerikanos
"A European and Greek basketball changed. It is my honor to play with him. He is the greatest of all time "., Sasha Volkov
"I've seen many players in my career, but what Galis does on the floor, only 2–3 in the world can do.", Audie Norris
"Who wouldn't want to play with Galis? I would definitely give the ball to Galis on the last play. Galis changed basketball in Greece and Europe.", Audie Norris
"Galis wasn't affected by anything. I count him among the five best players of Europe.", Georgios Sigalas
"In Greece, Galis is what Michael Jordan is in America.", Steve Giatzoglou
"Galis is the player of the 21st century.", Alexander Gomelsky, USSR head coach.
"I had nightmares of Galis all night.", Pierre Dao, Limoges head coach.
"I had given specific instructions on how to defend against the other 4 players. As for Nikos, we just had to sit down and pray!", Wojciech Krajewski, Lech Poznan head coach.
"There is only one way I can think of to stop Nikos from scoring. Lock him up in his hotel room, so that he can't come to the arena.", Ruud Harrewijn, Dutch national team head coach.
Awards and accomplishments
Galis won numerous titles and awards during his career and had many memorable single game performances. The following are some of them:
College
Haggerty Award (New York Metro Area Player of the Year): 1979
ECAC Player of the Year: 1979
Member of the Seton Hall Athletic Hall of Fame: 1991
Pro career
Titles:
8× Greek League Champion: 1983, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991
7× Greek Cup Winner: 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993
Greek Super Cup Winner: 1986(In total, he won 16 trophies in his pro club career as a player.)Personal awards and achievements:
11× Greek League Top Scorer: 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991
Greek Super Cup Finals Top Scorer: 1986
3× Greek Male Athlete of the Year: 1986, 1987, 1989
5× Greek Cup Finals Top Scorer: 1987, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993
5× Greek League Finals MVP: 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991
2× FIBA European Selection: 1987, 1991 I
Mediterranean Player of the Year: 1987
Euroscar European Player of the Year: 1987
Mr. Europa European Player of the Year: 1987
L'Équipe Champion of Champions' 10th Best Athlete in the World: 1987
5× FIBA EuroLeague Top Scorer: 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1994
5× Greek League MVP: 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992
4× Greek League Assist Leader: 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994
2× Greek League All-Star (1991, 1994 I)
FIBA EuroLeague Assists Leader: 1994
FIBA EuroLeague All-Final Four Team: (1994)
EuroLeague Final Four all-time career scoring leader: 231 points (28.9 points per game).
Greek Championship (amateur era) all-time career scoring leader: 12,864 points (33.5 points per game) – Vassilis Spanoulis is the league's professional era all-time career scoring leader.
Greek Cup all-time career scoring leader: 1,935 points (35.2 points per game).
FIBA's 50 Greatest Players: 1991
Member of the FIBA Hall of Fame: 2007
50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors: 2008
No. 6 jersey retired by Aris: 2013
Member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame: 2017
101 Greats of European Basketball: 2018
HoopsHype's 75 Greatest International Players Ever: 2021
Greek Basket League Hall of Fame: 2022
Along with Panagiotis Giannakis, he led Aris Thessaloniki to an 80-game winning streak in the Greek League, in the 1980s.
His personal career single-game scoring high in a Greek League game was 62 points, which was achieved in a game on 24 January 1981, during the 1980–81 season (Aris Thessaloniki vs. Ionikos Nikaias). However, in the same game, Ionikos' superstar, Panagiotis Giannakis, who would later go on to become Galis' teammate on Aris, scored 73 points.
His personal career single-game scoring high in the Greek Cup tournament was 52 points against Panellinios Athens, in the 1987 Greek Cup Final (15 April 1987).
His personal career single-game scoring high in a European-wide continental club competition was 56 points against Vasas (5 November 1980), during the 1980–81 season of the FIBA Korać Cup.
His personal career single-game scoring high in the FIBA European Champions' Cup (now called the EuroLeague), was 52 points, which he achieved twice. He scored 52 points versus Oostende in 1986–87 (2 October 1986). He also scored 52 points versus Lech Poznań in 1989–90 (7 December 1989).
In 1993, while playing in the Greek League with Panathinaikos Athens, in a revenge game against his former team Aris Thessaloniki, he had a game for the ages. In the game, Galis made all 13 of his field goal attempts.
4,047 points scored in 125 FIBA EuroLeague games played (32.4 points per game), and 864 points scored in 23 FIBA Korać Cup games played (37.6 points per game).
Greece National Team
1983 EuroBasket: All-Tournament Team
1984 Balkan Championship: Bronze
1986 FIBA World Championship: Top Scorer (33.7 points per game)
1986 Balkan Championship: Gold
1987 EuroBasket: Gold
1989 EuroBasket: Silver
1987 EuroBasket: Most Valuable Player
4× FIBA EuroBasket All-Tournament Team: 1983, 1987, 1989, 1991
4× FIBA EuroBasket Top Scorer: 1983 (33.6 points per game), 1987 (37.0 points per game), 1989 (35.6 points per game), 1991 (32.4 points per game)
2× FIBA European Olympic Qualification Top Scorer: 1984 (31.6 points per game), 1988 (28.4 points per game)
At the 1986 FIBA World Championship, he scored 53 points in a game against Panama.
In the 1987 EuroBasket Finals, he scored 40 points against the Soviet Union.
In the 1989 EuroBasket Semifinals, he scored 45 points against the Soviet Union.
In 168 FIBA-recognized games played with the Greece men's national basketball team, he averaged 30.5 points per game.
Greece men's national basketball team's 2nd all-time career scoring leader (behind Panagiotis Giannakis): 5,167 total points scored, in 169 total games played (30.6 points per game). However, only 5,129 points in 168 games (30.5 points per game), is officially recognized.
Galis was the top scorer in every major European and world international competition that he participated in from 1983 onward: the 1983 EuroBasket, the 1984 FIBA European Olympic Qualification, the 1986 FIBA World Championship, the 1987 EuroBasket, the 1988 FIBA European Olympic Qualification, the 1989 EuroBasket, and the 1991 EuroBasket.
See also
Basketball in the United States
FIBA Europe
Sources
Nikos Galis FIBA Archive official website.
Nikos Galis FIBA Europe official website.
Arbel, Y. , "Iron Man Galis", November 08, 2006, FIBA Europe official website.
Nikos Galis Hellenic Basketball Federation official website (in Greek).
Eurobasket.com's HALL OF FAME.
Rabotas, G. (2003). Nikos Galis, A Legend like I have known him. Athens: Psychogios. ISBN 960-87979-0-5.
BASKET ARIS – Unofficial fan site dedicated to ARIS B.C.
Notes
References
External links
Twitter Account (in Greek)
NBA Draft Profile
Nikos Galis FIBA Hall of Fame Profile
Euroleague.net 50 Greatest Contributors
FIBA Profile
Galis FIBA Europe Profile
Hellenic Basketball Federation Profile (in Greek)
Interbasket.net Galis Profile
FIBAEurope.com Galis Story
Euroleague.net A scoring machine
101 Greats: Nikos Galis
Τα “κανόνια” του ελληνικού Πρωταθλήματος: Νίκος Γκάλης (in Greek)
Nick Galis Unofficial Website
GrHomeBoy.com Galis Inducted into FIBA Hall of Fame
Books.Google.com Seton Hall Pirates Nick Galis
SHUPPirates.com Seton Hall – Galis
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Nikolaos Georgalis (Greek: Νικόλαος Γεωργαλής; born July 23, 1957), commonly known as either Nikos Galis (Greek: Νίκος Γκάλης), or Nick Galis, is a Greek former professional basketball player. Galis, who during his playing days was nicknamed, "Nick The Greek", "The Gangster", and "The Iron Man", is widely regarded as Europe's greatest scorer to ever play the game, and as one of the all-time greatest players in FIBA international basketball history. In 1991, Galis was named one of FIBA's 50 Greatest Players. In 2007, he became an inaugural member of the FIBA Hall of Fame. In 2008, he was chosen as one of the 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors. In 2017, he was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.During his college basketball career at Seton Hall University, Galis played at the point guard position. However, his primary position during his pro career was shooting guard. He spent most of his club playing career with Aris Thessaloniki, before having a late career stint with Panathinaikos Athens. Among qualified players, he is the EuroLeague's all-time leader in points per game scoring average, when counting both the FIBA and EuroLeague Basketball eras (1958–present). He was also the league's top scorer of the season, numerous times. In Europe's premier basketball club competition, he reached the EuroLeague Final Four on four occasions, making it in three consecutive years with Aris (1988, 1989, 1990), and in another year with Panathinaikos (1994). Galis won eight Greek league championships, and he is also the Greek Championship's amateur era all-time leading scorer, in both career points scored and career scoring average, when counting all league formats prior to the league becoming fully professional, in the 1992–93 season.
Galis led the Greece men's national basketball team to the EuroBasket's gold medal in 1987, and he earned the tournament's MVP award in the process. Following his stunning success in winning the 1987 EuroBasket title, Galis won both the Mr. Europa and the Euroscar player of the year awards. He also led Greece to a silver medal at the 1989 EuroBasket, where he was also selected to the All-EuroBasket Team. Overall during his national team career, he was named to the All-EuroBasket Team four times (1983, 1987, 1989, 1991). Among his myriad of accomplishments, he holds the EuroBasket's record for the highest career scoring average (31.2 points per game), and he was also the leading scorer of four EuroBasket tournaments, in 1983, 1987, 1989, and 1991. Galis also owns two major records of the FIBA World Championship/Cup tournament. He holds the records for the highest career scoring average (33.5 points per game), and the most total points ever scored in a single tournament, which he set at the 1986 FIBA World Championship.
Galis, who was named the Greek Male Athlete of the Year three times (1986, 1987, 1989), is highly revered in Greece, where he is considered by many to be one of the greatest national athletes that the country has ever had. His years with Aris Thessaloniki and the Greece national team, lifted Greek basketball from a place of relative obscurity, to both European and global power status. Galis was the sports icon that eventually inspired thousands of Greeks to take up playing the game of basketball.
Early life and high school
Galis was born in Union City, New Jersey. The child of a poor immigrant family, from the Greek islands of Rhodes and Nisyros, Galis took up boxing in his early years, after his father, George Georgalis, who had also been a boxer in his youth. He was later persuaded to give up boxing by his mother, Stella Georgalis, who was terrified after each time that her son would return home from boxing training with a new facial injury. As a result, Galis started playing the sport of basketball instead of boxing. He attended Union Hill High School, in Union City, where he played high school basketball for legendary coach William J. McKeever , as well as American football.
College career
After high school, Galis enrolled at Seton Hall University, where he played college basketball as a member of the Seton Hall Pirates. In his senior 1978–79 season, Galis saw his scoring average reach 27.5 points per game, which was third in the nation, behind Idaho State's Lawrence Butler (30.1 points per game) and Indiana State's Larry Bird (28.6 points per game), including a 48-point outburst against the University of Santa Clara.Also in his senior year of college, Galis won the Haggerty Award (the New York City metro area's best player award), and the Eastern College Athletic Conference Player of the Year award. The same year, he also played in the Pizza Hut All-American game, alongside Bird and Vinnie Johnson. During his four-year college career, Galis played in a total of 107 games and scored 1,651 points, for a career scoring average of 15.4 points per game.Galis' head coach at Seton Hall, Bill Raftery, would later state that Galis was the best player that he ever coached. While at Seton Hall, Galis was a good friend and roommate of Italian-American professional basketball player Dan Callandrillo. Galis was later inducted into the Seton Hall Athletic Hall of Fame, in 1991.
College stats
Professional career
Boston Celtics
After finishing his collegiate career in 1979, Galis signed with agent Bill Manon, who also managed Diana Ross. Manon did not have Galis work out with any NBA team. Galis was eventually selected by the Boston Celtics in the 4th round of the 1979 NBA draft, 68th overall. Due to a severe ankle injury that Galis suffered during the Celtics preseason training camp of the 1979–80 season, the franchise was no longer interested in offering him a contract because Gerald Henderson had taken his place on the team, and his injury would keep him out for the foreseeable future.
Galis then decided to pursue a professional career in Greece's top-tier level Basket League. Later, while still playing in Greece, he would be offered NBA contracts by the Celtics and the New Jersey Nets. However, he turned the offers down, because at the time, and until 1989, FIBA did not have professional status, and consequently did not allow NBA players to compete at the national team level. Since playing with the Greek men's national basketball team meant so much to him, he stayed in Greece. Celtics then-president Red Auerbach later said that the single biggest mistake he ever made in his career was not keeping Galis.
Aris Thessaloniki
After suffering an ankle injury in the Boston Celtics 1979–80 preseason training camp, which prevented him from receiving a contract with the Celtics, Galis made the move across the Atlantic, and signed to play with Aris Thessaloniki of Greece, in 1979. The two major Greek clubs of Panathinaikos Athens and Olympiacos Piraeus, had also shown some interest in signing him, but it was Aris Thessaloniki's interest that was the most persuasive to Galis. His move to the country would eventually help Greek club basketball to reach a level of popularity that had never been previously imagined.
Galis was the indisputable leader of Aris Thessaloniki, as he averaged more than 30 points per game in nearly every season and competition that he played in with the team. With Aris Thessaloniki, he played alongside other great European players like Panagiotis Giannakis and Slobodan Subotić, who was known in Greece as Lefteris Soumpotits. With Aris Thessaloniki, Galis won eight Greek League championships, in the years 1983, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991. He won seven out of his eight Greek League championships in consecutive years, with three of those championships being won in undefeated seasons. He also won six Greek Cup titles with Aris Thessaloniki, in the years 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1992. Four of his six Greek Cup titles were won in consecutive years.
In the top-level European-wide club competition, the FIBA European Champions' Cup (EuroLeague), Galis led Aris Thessaloniki to three consecutive appearances at the competition's Final Four. Galis' team played at the 1988 Ghent Final Four, the 1989 Munich Final Four, and the 1990 Zaragoza Final Four. In the one major disappointment of an otherwise glittering club career with Aris Thessaloniki, all three of Galis' FIBA European Champions' Cup Final Four appearances ended in losses in the semifinals. Which thus deprived him of the opportunity to shine all the way onto Europe's biggest club stage, at the FIBA European Champions' Cup Finals (EuroLeague Finals). However, the team's performances and general standard of play, won over the hearts of most basketball fans in Greece. In fact, cinemas and theaters in Greece would often reduce their ticket admission prices on Thursday evenings, when Aris Thessaloniki was playing games, as large segments of the country settled down to watch them on television.
In June 1991, Galis was chosen as a member of The Balkans Selection All-Star Team that played against The European Selection All-Star Team at the 1991 FIBA Centennial Jubilee. The 1991 FIBA Jubilee event was held in order to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the creation of the sport of basketball in 1891, by the Canadian James Naismith. The FIBA Jubilee All-Star Game took place at the Peace and Friendship Stadium, in Piraeus, Athens, Greece, and it included numerous legends of European basketball. The Balkans' All-Star Selection won the game, by a score of 103–102. Galis was the game's top scorer, with 20 points.
On 19 December 1991, in one of his final FIBA EuroLeague games with Aris Thessaloniki, Galis rolled back the clock. At the age of 34, he scored 46 points, on 13/20 field goals overall, 8/14 2-point field goals, 5/6 3-point field goals, and 15/18 free throws, in a 111–108 loss against the Italian League club Olimpia Milano. However, Aris Thessaloniki's 1991–92 FIBA EuroLeague season was a disappointment, as the club finished group stage play with a record of 3–11.
Also in that same 1991–92 season, in a Greek League game against Panionios Athens, Galis scored 48 points, on 17/21 field goals overall, 15/18 2-point field goals, 2/3 3-point field goals, and 12/13 free throws. However, Aris Thessaloniki failed to make it to the 1992 Greek League's Finals. It was the first time that the team had not won the Greek League championship, since 1984.
Eventually, the 1991–92 season ended up being Galis' final campaign with Aris Thessaloniki. At that time, the team was under new management and was trying to bring down the club's debts. That combined with Galis' huge salary for that time, and the fact that the team was in a period of decline, were the main causes for his departure. Galis, who adored the city of Thessaloniki and Aris' fans, had originally insisted on remaining in the club and playing for the team, as he believed that he still had a lot to offer the club. Ultimately however, Galis was forced to leave the club. In his last game for the club, Galis scored 18 points (6/9, 6/9, 0/2) as Aris beat AEK 74–62 to win yet another Greek Cup title in 1992.
Panathinaikos Athens
Galis moved to Athens, in the summer of 1992, to play with Panathinaikos. He was the player who then led the "Greens" to a club rebirth, after it had suffered through a long drought period, during which the historical team had remained without winning any titles. The previous season (1991–92) had been particularly disappointing for the club, with the team finishing in eighth place in the Greek league. As the team's captain, Galis inspired the young players of Panathinaikos Athens, such as Fragiskos Alvertis and Nikos Oikonomou, and he gradually brought back hope to the team's fans. So much so, as to the point that the club's then home arena, Glyfada Indoor Hall, was always overcrowded. In that season (1992–93), Panathinaikos Athens finished in second place in the Greek league, and also won the Greek Cup title, which was the seventh Greek Cup title for Galis.
In the following 1993–94 season, Galis was the FIBA European League (EuroLeague)'s Top Scorer, with an average of 23.8 points per game, in 21 games played. He also led the league in assists, with an average of 4.7 assists per game. In Panathinaikos Athens' decisive Game 3 victory of the FIBA European League's quarterfinals, against the then reigning league champions, the French League club Limoges, Galis truly led Panathinaikos Athens into a new club era. Galis led Panathinaikos Athens' qualification to the 1994 Tel Aviv FIBA European League Final Four, by scoring 30 points in the deciding playoff game, on 12–16 (75%) field goal shooting in the game. The "Greens" eventually finished in third place in the FIBA European League that season, after they lost in the semifinals to their arch-rivals Olympiacos Piraeus, by a score of 77–72.
However, it was still the furthest that the club had reached in the competition since the 1971–72 season. Galis scored 30 points in Panathinaikos Athens' win in the Final Four's third place game against the Spanish League club FC Barcelona, as he led all scorers in the game, with 30 points. Galis was named to the All-Final Four Team.
In what proved to be one of his final games for Panathinaikos, during the 3rd/4th place playoff series against Panionios in May 1994, Galis went scoreless in a game for the first time in his professional career in Greece, ending game 2 (which Panathinaikos lost 93–71) with 0/4 two-point shots from 29 minutes' play. Galis rallied to score 18 and 22 points in games 3 and 4, both of which Panathinaikos won to seal 3rd spot and a place in the FIBA European League for the following season.
In his third season with Panthinaikos Athens (1994–95), Galis teamed up with Panagiotis Giannakis and Žarko Paspalj, to make a strong effort to win the championship of the FIBA European League. Galis was the player who led Panathinaikos Athens to the competition's Top 16 group stage, as he prevented their elimination from the competition against the Ukrainian Super League club Budivelnyk Kyiv, with a game-high of 23 points in the club's decisive second-leg game victory. Galis was also the leader of the team in their Greek Cup win against Olympiacos Piraeus, at the Sporting Sports Arena.
At the age of 37, Galis played in his last game in professional basketball, as a player of Panathinaikos Athens, on October 12, 1994. It was in a game against Dafni Athens, in Week 1 of the Greek League's 1994–95 season. In that game, Galis scored a total of 8 points (2/2, 3/3), in 35 minutes of playing time. Panathinaikos Athens won the game in a blowout, by a score of 82–60.
Galis' playing career then ended controversially, on October 18, 1994, before Panathinaikos Athens' Week 2 game of the Greek League's 1994–95 season. Kostas Politis, who was the head coach of Panathinaikos Athens at the time, decided not to include Galis in the team's starting line-up of that Greek League game versus Ampelokipoi Athens. In protest against the head coach's decision, Galis left the arena, and ultimately, he never returned to playing action again. His retirement was officially announced in the media, on September 29, 1995.
During his pro club basketball career, Galis scored a total of 12,864 points, in 384 Greek Basket League games played, for a career scoring average of 33.5 points per game. In the 55 career Greek Cup games in which he played, he scored a total of 1,935 points, for a career scoring average of 35.2 points per game. He also averaged 42.5 points per game, in the two Greek Super Cup games that he played in. He scored a total of 864 points, in 23 FIBA Korać Cup games, for a career scoring average of 37.6 points per game. In the FIBA EuroLeague, he scored a total of 4,047 points, in 125 games played, for a career scoring average of 32.4 points per game. Overall, in all of the pro club competitions that he played in, Galis scored a total of 19,795 points, in 589 games played, for a pro club career scoring average of 33.6 points per game.
Career pro club statistics
Greek League season by season scoring stats
(Regular season and postseason)
Season by season scoring stats in European-wide leagues
National team career
Galis first played with the Greece men's national basketball team at the 1980 FIBA European Olympic Qualifying Tournament. He averaged 20.5 points per game at the tournament. His tournament single-game scoring high was 30 points, which came in a game against Switzerland. However, Greece failed to qualify for the 1980 Moscow Summer Olympic Games. At the 1981 EuroBasket, Galis averaged 19.9 points per game. Greece finished the tournament in 9th place. At the 1983 EuroBasket, Galis averaged 33.6 points per game, and he was the tournament's leading scorer. Greece finished the tournament in 11th place.
On 20 November 1983, Galis played in a friendly game against the North Carolina Tar Heels, at The Demetria Tournament '83. The game took place at the Alexandreio Melathron arena. During that game, Galis, who was Greece's shooting guard, was guarded by North Carolina's shooting guard, Michael Jordan. Galis scored 24 points during the game.At the 1984 FIBA European Olympic Qualifying Tournament, Galis averaged 31.6 points per game, and he was the tournament's leading scorer. His tournament single-game scoring high was 45 points, which came in a game against Great Britain. However, Greece failed to qualify for the 1984 Los Angeles Summer Olympic Games.
With Greece, Galis won the bronze medal at the 1984 Balkan Championship. At the 1986 FIBA World Championship, Galis led the tournament in scoring, as he averaged 33.7 points per game. During the tournament, he had a 53-point outburst in a game against Panama. Greece finished the tournament in 10th place. With Greece, Galis won the gold medal at the 1986 Balkan Championship.
Galis next led the Greece national team to the 1987 EuroBasket gold medal. Galis led the tournament in scoring, as he averaged 37.0 points per game. He scored 40 points in the tournament's finals against the Soviet Union national team and its legendary player, Šarūnas Marčiulionis, as he led Greece to a 103–101 victory. He was named the MVP of the tournament.
At the 1988 FIBA European Olympic Qualifying Tournament, Galis averaged 28.4 points per game, and he was the tournament's leading scorer. His tournament single-game scoring high was 35 points, which came in a game against Germany. However, Greece failed to qualify for the 1988 Seoul Summer Olympic Games.
Galis also led Greece to the silver medal at the 1989 EuroBasket, which he led in scoring, with an average of 35.6 points per game. Galis is most remembered from that tournament, for a stunning effort against the Soviet team led by Marčiulionis, and its other star player, Arvydas Sabonis, in their semifinals game. Galis scored 45 out of his team's 81 total points, in a dramatic last-gasp 81–80 victory. The Greek team then settled for a second-place finish, after they lost against the dominant Yugoslav national team, in the tournament's finals.
Galis also represented Greece at the 1991 FIBA Centennial Jubilee, which commemorated the 100th anniversary of the creation of the sport of basketball, by the Canadian James Naismith. The Jubilee tournament took place at the Peace and Friendship Stadium, in Piraeus, Athens, Greece. In three games played during the tournament, Galis averaged 21.0 points per game.
At the 1991 EuroBasket, Galis averaged 32.4 points per game, and he also led the tournament in scoring. In total, Galis was the leading scorer of the EuroBasket four times. He was also a four-time All-EuroBasket Team member.
In total, Galis played in 168 FIBA-recognized games with the Greece national team, in which he scored a total of 5,129 points, for a career scoring average of 30.5 points per game. Galis is in the second place, on the list of the all-time career scoring leaders in the history of Greece's senior national team. Panagiotis Giannakis is in first place on the list.
Greek senior national team career statistics
Greece National Team scoring stats by tournament
Galis' top 10 scoring FIBA games
Highest scoring single games by competition
Player profile
Galis was not only a legendary scorer, he was also a great play maker and passer. The majority of his points scored came inside the paint area, due to his penetrating ability. Galis' mid-range jumper was one of his biggest offensive weapons, as he was able to consistently make it against defensive pressure. Galis' great strength and leaping ability allowed him to have an excellent post game against other guards, despite his short stature, as compared to most other players. Another enormous competitive advantage that Galis possessed was his incredible stamina, which was due to his exemplary physical conditioning. At the 1987 EuroBasket, after the first game of the competition, Galis was never substituted out of any of the tournament's remaining games. His stamina and conditioning led to him being given the nickname of "The Iron Man".
Post-playing career and personal life
Galis is married to Eleni Panagiotou, and he has one daughter, named Stella. Since his official retirement from playing professional club basketball on September 29, 1995, and up until early 2006, Galis was the owner of a summer basketball camp in Chalkidiki, Greece. The basketball camp was listed at the Athens Stock Exchange. As a token of appreciation for his contribution to Greek sport, Galis was chosen to be the first torch bearer, in the final round of the Olympic Flame, for the Athens 2004 Summer Olympics. Galis entered the stadium at the conclusion of the Opening Ceremony, and set off the procession of the flame to the altar.
In September 2007, Galis was inducted as a member of the first class of the FIBA Hall of Fame, which includes the best basketball players in the history of the game internationally. Galis was inducted as a player. Bill Russell, of the famous Boston Celtics dynasty, was another one of the 16 inaugural player inductees. Galis was also entered into the Eurobasket.com website's European Basketball Hall of Fame, inducted as a player.
In May 2013, his former club team Aris Thessaloniki, renamed the court of their home arena, the Alexandreio Melathron, to "Nick Galis Hall". The club also organized a celebration of Galis' life and career, and retired his number 6 Aris jersey. The event was attended by many of his former teammates and opponents, from the 1980s and 1990s. Some of the attendees included the majority of the Greece men's national basketball team's 1987 EuroBasket gold medal-winning team, as well as numerous other international basketball stars who played against Galis over the years, such as Dino Rađja, Jordi Villacampa, and Doron Jamchi, among others.
On April 1, 2017, it was announced that Galis would be inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, as part of the 2017 Hall of Fame class. Galis was later inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, on September 9, 2017. He became one of the very few men's basketball players from around the world, to be inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame, without having ever played in the NBA. On June 14, 2016, exactly 29 years after Greece's national team won the gold medal at the 1987 EuroBasket, the court of the biggest basketball arena in Greece, the OAKA Olympic Indoor Hall, was named the "Nikos Galis Olympic Indoor Hall", in his honour.
Quotes about Galis
"I never thought that there was such a good offensive player in Europe, and especially in Greece.", Michael Jordan
"I've seen Galis do things, that I've seen neither Lakers nor Celtics do.", Bob McAdoo
"I admire him. When he plays one on one, there's no way to stop him. I didn't think that there would ever be a player, who by himself, could cause nightmares and even beat the Soviet Union.", Sergei Belov
"If Galis wants to score, he will score no matter who's defending him.", Arvydas Sabonis
"If I'm The Son of the Devil, then Galis is The Devil himself.", Dražen Petrović
'"I’d like to be on the same team with him, so I could pass to him, and then watch him score a basket.”, Dražen Petrović
"Although Drazen (i.e. Petrović) is my brother, for the best athlete of 1987, I voted for Galis."', Aco Petrović
"Galis is a great player. He is one of the best European players. He was a really tough opponent, he floated in the air, he was one of the best.", Dino Radja
"Petrović and Galis were the most charismatic players I've ever known. "Galis is the only player who made me shudder.", Doron Jamchi
"Everyone who plays basketball, owes Galis money.", Fanis Christodoulou
"If we played together, we would have scored 300 points in every game!", Vassilis Goumas
"The man is a computer! If he had played with us in AEK in the '60s, we would have been undefeated.", Georgios Amerikanos
"A European and Greek basketball changed. It is my honor to play with him. He is the greatest of all time "., Sasha Volkov
"I've seen many players in my career, but what Galis does on the floor, only 2–3 in the world can do.", Audie Norris
"Who wouldn't want to play with Galis? I would definitely give the ball to Galis on the last play. Galis changed basketball in Greece and Europe.", Audie Norris
"Galis wasn't affected by anything. I count him among the five best players of Europe.", Georgios Sigalas
"In Greece, Galis is what Michael Jordan is in America.", Steve Giatzoglou
"Galis is the player of the 21st century.", Alexander Gomelsky, USSR head coach.
"I had nightmares of Galis all night.", Pierre Dao, Limoges head coach.
"I had given specific instructions on how to defend against the other 4 players. As for Nikos, we just had to sit down and pray!", Wojciech Krajewski, Lech Poznan head coach.
"There is only one way I can think of to stop Nikos from scoring. Lock him up in his hotel room, so that he can't come to the arena.", Ruud Harrewijn, Dutch national team head coach.
Awards and accomplishments
Galis won numerous titles and awards during his career and had many memorable single game performances. The following are some of them:
College
Haggerty Award (New York Metro Area Player of the Year): 1979
ECAC Player of the Year: 1979
Member of the Seton Hall Athletic Hall of Fame: 1991
Pro career
Titles:
8× Greek League Champion: 1983, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991
7× Greek Cup Winner: 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993
Greek Super Cup Winner: 1986(In total, he won 16 trophies in his pro club career as a player.)Personal awards and achievements:
11× Greek League Top Scorer: 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991
Greek Super Cup Finals Top Scorer: 1986
3× Greek Male Athlete of the Year: 1986, 1987, 1989
5× Greek Cup Finals Top Scorer: 1987, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993
5× Greek League Finals MVP: 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991
2× FIBA European Selection: 1987, 1991 I
Mediterranean Player of the Year: 1987
Euroscar European Player of the Year: 1987
Mr. Europa European Player of the Year: 1987
L'Équipe Champion of Champions' 10th Best Athlete in the World: 1987
5× FIBA EuroLeague Top Scorer: 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1994
5× Greek League MVP: 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992
4× Greek League Assist Leader: 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994
2× Greek League All-Star (1991, 1994 I)
FIBA EuroLeague Assists Leader: 1994
FIBA EuroLeague All-Final Four Team: (1994)
EuroLeague Final Four all-time career scoring leader: 231 points (28.9 points per game).
Greek Championship (amateur era) all-time career scoring leader: 12,864 points (33.5 points per game) – Vassilis Spanoulis is the league's professional era all-time career scoring leader.
Greek Cup all-time career scoring leader: 1,935 points (35.2 points per game).
FIBA's 50 Greatest Players: 1991
Member of the FIBA Hall of Fame: 2007
50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors: 2008
No. 6 jersey retired by Aris: 2013
Member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame: 2017
101 Greats of European Basketball: 2018
HoopsHype's 75 Greatest International Players Ever: 2021
Greek Basket League Hall of Fame: 2022
Along with Panagiotis Giannakis, he led Aris Thessaloniki to an 80-game winning streak in the Greek League, in the 1980s.
His personal career single-game scoring high in a Greek League game was 62 points, which was achieved in a game on 24 January 1981, during the 1980–81 season (Aris Thessaloniki vs. Ionikos Nikaias). However, in the same game, Ionikos' superstar, Panagiotis Giannakis, who would later go on to become Galis' teammate on Aris, scored 73 points.
His personal career single-game scoring high in the Greek Cup tournament was 52 points against Panellinios Athens, in the 1987 Greek Cup Final (15 April 1987).
His personal career single-game scoring high in a European-wide continental club competition was 56 points against Vasas (5 November 1980), during the 1980–81 season of the FIBA Korać Cup.
His personal career single-game scoring high in the FIBA European Champions' Cup (now called the EuroLeague), was 52 points, which he achieved twice. He scored 52 points versus Oostende in 1986–87 (2 October 1986). He also scored 52 points versus Lech Poznań in 1989–90 (7 December 1989).
In 1993, while playing in the Greek League with Panathinaikos Athens, in a revenge game against his former team Aris Thessaloniki, he had a game for the ages. In the game, Galis made all 13 of his field goal attempts.
4,047 points scored in 125 FIBA EuroLeague games played (32.4 points per game), and 864 points scored in 23 FIBA Korać Cup games played (37.6 points per game).
Greece National Team
1983 EuroBasket: All-Tournament Team
1984 Balkan Championship: Bronze
1986 FIBA World Championship: Top Scorer (33.7 points per game)
1986 Balkan Championship: Gold
1987 EuroBasket: Gold
1989 EuroBasket: Silver
1987 EuroBasket: Most Valuable Player
4× FIBA EuroBasket All-Tournament Team: 1983, 1987, 1989, 1991
4× FIBA EuroBasket Top Scorer: 1983 (33.6 points per game), 1987 (37.0 points per game), 1989 (35.6 points per game), 1991 (32.4 points per game)
2× FIBA European Olympic Qualification Top Scorer: 1984 (31.6 points per game), 1988 (28.4 points per game)
At the 1986 FIBA World Championship, he scored 53 points in a game against Panama.
In the 1987 EuroBasket Finals, he scored 40 points against the Soviet Union.
In the 1989 EuroBasket Semifinals, he scored 45 points against the Soviet Union.
In 168 FIBA-recognized games played with the Greece men's national basketball team, he averaged 30.5 points per game.
Greece men's national basketball team's 2nd all-time career scoring leader (behind Panagiotis Giannakis): 5,167 total points scored, in 169 total games played (30.6 points per game). However, only 5,129 points in 168 games (30.5 points per game), is officially recognized.
Galis was the top scorer in every major European and world international competition that he participated in from 1983 onward: the 1983 EuroBasket, the 1984 FIBA European Olympic Qualification, the 1986 FIBA World Championship, the 1987 EuroBasket, the 1988 FIBA European Olympic Qualification, the 1989 EuroBasket, and the 1991 EuroBasket.
See also
Basketball in the United States
FIBA Europe
Sources
Nikos Galis FIBA Archive official website.
Nikos Galis FIBA Europe official website.
Arbel, Y. , "Iron Man Galis", November 08, 2006, FIBA Europe official website.
Nikos Galis Hellenic Basketball Federation official website (in Greek).
Eurobasket.com's HALL OF FAME.
Rabotas, G. (2003). Nikos Galis, A Legend like I have known him. Athens: Psychogios. ISBN 960-87979-0-5.
BASKET ARIS – Unofficial fan site dedicated to ARIS B.C.
Notes
References
External links
Twitter Account (in Greek)
NBA Draft Profile
Nikos Galis FIBA Hall of Fame Profile
Euroleague.net 50 Greatest Contributors
FIBA Profile
Galis FIBA Europe Profile
Hellenic Basketball Federation Profile (in Greek)
Interbasket.net Galis Profile
FIBAEurope.com Galis Story
Euroleague.net A scoring machine
101 Greats: Nikos Galis
Τα “κανόνια” του ελληνικού Πρωταθλήματος: Νίκος Γκάλης (in Greek)
Nick Galis Unofficial Website
GrHomeBoy.com Galis Inducted into FIBA Hall of Fame
Books.Google.com Seton Hall Pirates Nick Galis
SHUPPirates.com Seton Hall – Galis
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Nikolaos Georgalis (Greek: Νικόλαος Γεωργαλής; born July 23, 1957), commonly known as either Nikos Galis (Greek: Νίκος Γκάλης), or Nick Galis, is a Greek former professional basketball player. Galis, who during his playing days was nicknamed, "Nick The Greek", "The Gangster", and "The Iron Man", is widely regarded as Europe's greatest scorer to ever play the game, and as one of the all-time greatest players in FIBA international basketball history. In 1991, Galis was named one of FIBA's 50 Greatest Players. In 2007, he became an inaugural member of the FIBA Hall of Fame. In 2008, he was chosen as one of the 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors. In 2017, he was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.During his college basketball career at Seton Hall University, Galis played at the point guard position. However, his primary position during his pro career was shooting guard. He spent most of his club playing career with Aris Thessaloniki, before having a late career stint with Panathinaikos Athens. Among qualified players, he is the EuroLeague's all-time leader in points per game scoring average, when counting both the FIBA and EuroLeague Basketball eras (1958–present). He was also the league's top scorer of the season, numerous times. In Europe's premier basketball club competition, he reached the EuroLeague Final Four on four occasions, making it in three consecutive years with Aris (1988, 1989, 1990), and in another year with Panathinaikos (1994). Galis won eight Greek league championships, and he is also the Greek Championship's amateur era all-time leading scorer, in both career points scored and career scoring average, when counting all league formats prior to the league becoming fully professional, in the 1992–93 season.
Galis led the Greece men's national basketball team to the EuroBasket's gold medal in 1987, and he earned the tournament's MVP award in the process. Following his stunning success in winning the 1987 EuroBasket title, Galis won both the Mr. Europa and the Euroscar player of the year awards. He also led Greece to a silver medal at the 1989 EuroBasket, where he was also selected to the All-EuroBasket Team. Overall during his national team career, he was named to the All-EuroBasket Team four times (1983, 1987, 1989, 1991). Among his myriad of accomplishments, he holds the EuroBasket's record for the highest career scoring average (31.2 points per game), and he was also the leading scorer of four EuroBasket tournaments, in 1983, 1987, 1989, and 1991. Galis also owns two major records of the FIBA World Championship/Cup tournament. He holds the records for the highest career scoring average (33.5 points per game), and the most total points ever scored in a single tournament, which he set at the 1986 FIBA World Championship.
Galis, who was named the Greek Male Athlete of the Year three times (1986, 1987, 1989), is highly revered in Greece, where he is considered by many to be one of the greatest national athletes that the country has ever had. His years with Aris Thessaloniki and the Greece national team, lifted Greek basketball from a place of relative obscurity, to both European and global power status. Galis was the sports icon that eventually inspired thousands of Greeks to take up playing the game of basketball.
Early life and high school
Galis was born in Union City, New Jersey. The child of a poor immigrant family, from the Greek islands of Rhodes and Nisyros, Galis took up boxing in his early years, after his father, George Georgalis, who had also been a boxer in his youth. He was later persuaded to give up boxing by his mother, Stella Georgalis, who was terrified after each time that her son would return home from boxing training with a new facial injury. As a result, Galis started playing the sport of basketball instead of boxing. He attended Union Hill High School, in Union City, where he played high school basketball for legendary coach William J. McKeever , as well as American football.
College career
After high school, Galis enrolled at Seton Hall University, where he played college basketball as a member of the Seton Hall Pirates. In his senior 1978–79 season, Galis saw his scoring average reach 27.5 points per game, which was third in the nation, behind Idaho State's Lawrence Butler (30.1 points per game) and Indiana State's Larry Bird (28.6 points per game), including a 48-point outburst against the University of Santa Clara.Also in his senior year of college, Galis won the Haggerty Award (the New York City metro area's best player award), and the Eastern College Athletic Conference Player of the Year award. The same year, he also played in the Pizza Hut All-American game, alongside Bird and Vinnie Johnson. During his four-year college career, Galis played in a total of 107 games and scored 1,651 points, for a career scoring average of 15.4 points per game.Galis' head coach at Seton Hall, Bill Raftery, would later state that Galis was the best player that he ever coached. While at Seton Hall, Galis was a good friend and roommate of Italian-American professional basketball player Dan Callandrillo. Galis was later inducted into the Seton Hall Athletic Hall of Fame, in 1991.
College stats
Professional career
Boston Celtics
After finishing his collegiate career in 1979, Galis signed with agent Bill Manon, who also managed Diana Ross. Manon did not have Galis work out with any NBA team. Galis was eventually selected by the Boston Celtics in the 4th round of the 1979 NBA draft, 68th overall. Due to a severe ankle injury that Galis suffered during the Celtics preseason training camp of the 1979–80 season, the franchise was no longer interested in offering him a contract because Gerald Henderson had taken his place on the team, and his injury would keep him out for the foreseeable future.
Galis then decided to pursue a professional career in Greece's top-tier level Basket League. Later, while still playing in Greece, he would be offered NBA contracts by the Celtics and the New Jersey Nets. However, he turned the offers down, because at the time, and until 1989, FIBA did not have professional status, and consequently did not allow NBA players to compete at the national team level. Since playing with the Greek men's national basketball team meant so much to him, he stayed in Greece. Celtics then-president Red Auerbach later said that the single biggest mistake he ever made in his career was not keeping Galis.
Aris Thessaloniki
After suffering an ankle injury in the Boston Celtics 1979–80 preseason training camp, which prevented him from receiving a contract with the Celtics, Galis made the move across the Atlantic, and signed to play with Aris Thessaloniki of Greece, in 1979. The two major Greek clubs of Panathinaikos Athens and Olympiacos Piraeus, had also shown some interest in signing him, but it was Aris Thessaloniki's interest that was the most persuasive to Galis. His move to the country would eventually help Greek club basketball to reach a level of popularity that had never been previously imagined.
Galis was the indisputable leader of Aris Thessaloniki, as he averaged more than 30 points per game in nearly every season and competition that he played in with the team. With Aris Thessaloniki, he played alongside other great European players like Panagiotis Giannakis and Slobodan Subotić, who was known in Greece as Lefteris Soumpotits. With Aris Thessaloniki, Galis won eight Greek League championships, in the years 1983, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991. He won seven out of his eight Greek League championships in consecutive years, with three of those championships being won in undefeated seasons. He also won six Greek Cup titles with Aris Thessaloniki, in the years 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1992. Four of his six Greek Cup titles were won in consecutive years.
In the top-level European-wide club competition, the FIBA European Champions' Cup (EuroLeague), Galis led Aris Thessaloniki to three consecutive appearances at the competition's Final Four. Galis' team played at the 1988 Ghent Final Four, the 1989 Munich Final Four, and the 1990 Zaragoza Final Four. In the one major disappointment of an otherwise glittering club career with Aris Thessaloniki, all three of Galis' FIBA European Champions' Cup Final Four appearances ended in losses in the semifinals. Which thus deprived him of the opportunity to shine all the way onto Europe's biggest club stage, at the FIBA European Champions' Cup Finals (EuroLeague Finals). However, the team's performances and general standard of play, won over the hearts of most basketball fans in Greece. In fact, cinemas and theaters in Greece would often reduce their ticket admission prices on Thursday evenings, when Aris Thessaloniki was playing games, as large segments of the country settled down to watch them on television.
In June 1991, Galis was chosen as a member of The Balkans Selection All-Star Team that played against The European Selection All-Star Team at the 1991 FIBA Centennial Jubilee. The 1991 FIBA Jubilee event was held in order to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the creation of the sport of basketball in 1891, by the Canadian James Naismith. The FIBA Jubilee All-Star Game took place at the Peace and Friendship Stadium, in Piraeus, Athens, Greece, and it included numerous legends of European basketball. The Balkans' All-Star Selection won the game, by a score of 103–102. Galis was the game's top scorer, with 20 points.
On 19 December 1991, in one of his final FIBA EuroLeague games with Aris Thessaloniki, Galis rolled back the clock. At the age of 34, he scored 46 points, on 13/20 field goals overall, 8/14 2-point field goals, 5/6 3-point field goals, and 15/18 free throws, in a 111–108 loss against the Italian League club Olimpia Milano. However, Aris Thessaloniki's 1991–92 FIBA EuroLeague season was a disappointment, as the club finished group stage play with a record of 3–11.
Also in that same 1991–92 season, in a Greek League game against Panionios Athens, Galis scored 48 points, on 17/21 field goals overall, 15/18 2-point field goals, 2/3 3-point field goals, and 12/13 free throws. However, Aris Thessaloniki failed to make it to the 1992 Greek League's Finals. It was the first time that the team had not won the Greek League championship, since 1984.
Eventually, the 1991–92 season ended up being Galis' final campaign with Aris Thessaloniki. At that time, the team was under new management and was trying to bring down the club's debts. That combined with Galis' huge salary for that time, and the fact that the team was in a period of decline, were the main causes for his departure. Galis, who adored the city of Thessaloniki and Aris' fans, had originally insisted on remaining in the club and playing for the team, as he believed that he still had a lot to offer the club. Ultimately however, Galis was forced to leave the club. In his last game for the club, Galis scored 18 points (6/9, 6/9, 0/2) as Aris beat AEK 74–62 to win yet another Greek Cup title in 1992.
Panathinaikos Athens
Galis moved to Athens, in the summer of 1992, to play with Panathinaikos. He was the player who then led the "Greens" to a club rebirth, after it had suffered through a long drought period, during which the historical team had remained without winning any titles. The previous season (1991–92) had been particularly disappointing for the club, with the team finishing in eighth place in the Greek league. As the team's captain, Galis inspired the young players of Panathinaikos Athens, such as Fragiskos Alvertis and Nikos Oikonomou, and he gradually brought back hope to the team's fans. So much so, as to the point that the club's then home arena, Glyfada Indoor Hall, was always overcrowded. In that season (1992–93), Panathinaikos Athens finished in second place in the Greek league, and also won the Greek Cup title, which was the seventh Greek Cup title for Galis.
In the following 1993–94 season, Galis was the FIBA European League (EuroLeague)'s Top Scorer, with an average of 23.8 points per game, in 21 games played. He also led the league in assists, with an average of 4.7 assists per game. In Panathinaikos Athens' decisive Game 3 victory of the FIBA European League's quarterfinals, against the then reigning league champions, the French League club Limoges, Galis truly led Panathinaikos Athens into a new club era. Galis led Panathinaikos Athens' qualification to the 1994 Tel Aviv FIBA European League Final Four, by scoring 30 points in the deciding playoff game, on 12–16 (75%) field goal shooting in the game. The "Greens" eventually finished in third place in the FIBA European League that season, after they lost in the semifinals to their arch-rivals Olympiacos Piraeus, by a score of 77–72.
However, it was still the furthest that the club had reached in the competition since the 1971–72 season. Galis scored 30 points in Panathinaikos Athens' win in the Final Four's third place game against the Spanish League club FC Barcelona, as he led all scorers in the game, with 30 points. Galis was named to the All-Final Four Team.
In what proved to be one of his final games for Panathinaikos, during the 3rd/4th place playoff series against Panionios in May 1994, Galis went scoreless in a game for the first time in his professional career in Greece, ending game 2 (which Panathinaikos lost 93–71) with 0/4 two-point shots from 29 minutes' play. Galis rallied to score 18 and 22 points in games 3 and 4, both of which Panathinaikos won to seal 3rd spot and a place in the FIBA European League for the following season.
In his third season with Panthinaikos Athens (1994–95), Galis teamed up with Panagiotis Giannakis and Žarko Paspalj, to make a strong effort to win the championship of the FIBA European League. Galis was the player who led Panathinaikos Athens to the competition's Top 16 group stage, as he prevented their elimination from the competition against the Ukrainian Super League club Budivelnyk Kyiv, with a game-high of 23 points in the club's decisive second-leg game victory. Galis was also the leader of the team in their Greek Cup win against Olympiacos Piraeus, at the Sporting Sports Arena.
At the age of 37, Galis played in his last game in professional basketball, as a player of Panathinaikos Athens, on October 12, 1994. It was in a game against Dafni Athens, in Week 1 of the Greek League's 1994–95 season. In that game, Galis scored a total of 8 points (2/2, 3/3), in 35 minutes of playing time. Panathinaikos Athens won the game in a blowout, by a score of 82–60.
Galis' playing career then ended controversially, on October 18, 1994, before Panathinaikos Athens' Week 2 game of the Greek League's 1994–95 season. Kostas Politis, who was the head coach of Panathinaikos Athens at the time, decided not to include Galis in the team's starting line-up of that Greek League game versus Ampelokipoi Athens. In protest against the head coach's decision, Galis left the arena, and ultimately, he never returned to playing action again. His retirement was officially announced in the media, on September 29, 1995.
During his pro club basketball career, Galis scored a total of 12,864 points, in 384 Greek Basket League games played, for a career scoring average of 33.5 points per game. In the 55 career Greek Cup games in which he played, he scored a total of 1,935 points, for a career scoring average of 35.2 points per game. He also averaged 42.5 points per game, in the two Greek Super Cup games that he played in. He scored a total of 864 points, in 23 FIBA Korać Cup games, for a career scoring average of 37.6 points per game. In the FIBA EuroLeague, he scored a total of 4,047 points, in 125 games played, for a career scoring average of 32.4 points per game. Overall, in all of the pro club competitions that he played in, Galis scored a total of 19,795 points, in 589 games played, for a pro club career scoring average of 33.6 points per game.
Career pro club statistics
Greek League season by season scoring stats
(Regular season and postseason)
Season by season scoring stats in European-wide leagues
National team career
Galis first played with the Greece men's national basketball team at the 1980 FIBA European Olympic Qualifying Tournament. He averaged 20.5 points per game at the tournament. His tournament single-game scoring high was 30 points, which came in a game against Switzerland. However, Greece failed to qualify for the 1980 Moscow Summer Olympic Games. At the 1981 EuroBasket, Galis averaged 19.9 points per game. Greece finished the tournament in 9th place. At the 1983 EuroBasket, Galis averaged 33.6 points per game, and he was the tournament's leading scorer. Greece finished the tournament in 11th place.
On 20 November 1983, Galis played in a friendly game against the North Carolina Tar Heels, at The Demetria Tournament '83. The game took place at the Alexandreio Melathron arena. During that game, Galis, who was Greece's shooting guard, was guarded by North Carolina's shooting guard, Michael Jordan. Galis scored 24 points during the game.At the 1984 FIBA European Olympic Qualifying Tournament, Galis averaged 31.6 points per game, and he was the tournament's leading scorer. His tournament single-game scoring high was 45 points, which came in a game against Great Britain. However, Greece failed to qualify for the 1984 Los Angeles Summer Olympic Games.
With Greece, Galis won the bronze medal at the 1984 Balkan Championship. At the 1986 FIBA World Championship, Galis led the tournament in scoring, as he averaged 33.7 points per game. During the tournament, he had a 53-point outburst in a game against Panama. Greece finished the tournament in 10th place. With Greece, Galis won the gold medal at the 1986 Balkan Championship.
Galis next led the Greece national team to the 1987 EuroBasket gold medal. Galis led the tournament in scoring, as he averaged 37.0 points per game. He scored 40 points in the tournament's finals against the Soviet Union national team and its legendary player, Šarūnas Marčiulionis, as he led Greece to a 103–101 victory. He was named the MVP of the tournament.
At the 1988 FIBA European Olympic Qualifying Tournament, Galis averaged 28.4 points per game, and he was the tournament's leading scorer. His tournament single-game scoring high was 35 points, which came in a game against Germany. However, Greece failed to qualify for the 1988 Seoul Summer Olympic Games.
Galis also led Greece to the silver medal at the 1989 EuroBasket, which he led in scoring, with an average of 35.6 points per game. Galis is most remembered from that tournament, for a stunning effort against the Soviet team led by Marčiulionis, and its other star player, Arvydas Sabonis, in their semifinals game. Galis scored 45 out of his team's 81 total points, in a dramatic last-gasp 81–80 victory. The Greek team then settled for a second-place finish, after they lost against the dominant Yugoslav national team, in the tournament's finals.
Galis also represented Greece at the 1991 FIBA Centennial Jubilee, which commemorated the 100th anniversary of the creation of the sport of basketball, by the Canadian James Naismith. The Jubilee tournament took place at the Peace and Friendship Stadium, in Piraeus, Athens, Greece. In three games played during the tournament, Galis averaged 21.0 points per game.
At the 1991 EuroBasket, Galis averaged 32.4 points per game, and he also led the tournament in scoring. In total, Galis was the leading scorer of the EuroBasket four times. He was also a four-time All-EuroBasket Team member.
In total, Galis played in 168 FIBA-recognized games with the Greece national team, in which he scored a total of 5,129 points, for a career scoring average of 30.5 points per game. Galis is in the second place, on the list of the all-time career scoring leaders in the history of Greece's senior national team. Panagiotis Giannakis is in first place on the list.
Greek senior national team career statistics
Greece National Team scoring stats by tournament
Galis' top 10 scoring FIBA games
Highest scoring single games by competition
Player profile
Galis was not only a legendary scorer, he was also a great play maker and passer. The majority of his points scored came inside the paint area, due to his penetrating ability. Galis' mid-range jumper was one of his biggest offensive weapons, as he was able to consistently make it against defensive pressure. Galis' great strength and leaping ability allowed him to have an excellent post game against other guards, despite his short stature, as compared to most other players. Another enormous competitive advantage that Galis possessed was his incredible stamina, which was due to his exemplary physical conditioning. At the 1987 EuroBasket, after the first game of the competition, Galis was never substituted out of any of the tournament's remaining games. His stamina and conditioning led to him being given the nickname of "The Iron Man".
Post-playing career and personal life
Galis is married to Eleni Panagiotou, and he has one daughter, named Stella. Since his official retirement from playing professional club basketball on September 29, 1995, and up until early 2006, Galis was the owner of a summer basketball camp in Chalkidiki, Greece. The basketball camp was listed at the Athens Stock Exchange. As a token of appreciation for his contribution to Greek sport, Galis was chosen to be the first torch bearer, in the final round of the Olympic Flame, for the Athens 2004 Summer Olympics. Galis entered the stadium at the conclusion of the Opening Ceremony, and set off the procession of the flame to the altar.
In September 2007, Galis was inducted as a member of the first class of the FIBA Hall of Fame, which includes the best basketball players in the history of the game internationally. Galis was inducted as a player. Bill Russell, of the famous Boston Celtics dynasty, was another one of the 16 inaugural player inductees. Galis was also entered into the Eurobasket.com website's European Basketball Hall of Fame, inducted as a player.
In May 2013, his former club team Aris Thessaloniki, renamed the court of their home arena, the Alexandreio Melathron, to "Nick Galis Hall". The club also organized a celebration of Galis' life and career, and retired his number 6 Aris jersey. The event was attended by many of his former teammates and opponents, from the 1980s and 1990s. Some of the attendees included the majority of the Greece men's national basketball team's 1987 EuroBasket gold medal-winning team, as well as numerous other international basketball stars who played against Galis over the years, such as Dino Rađja, Jordi Villacampa, and Doron Jamchi, among others.
On April 1, 2017, it was announced that Galis would be inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, as part of the 2017 Hall of Fame class. Galis was later inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, on September 9, 2017. He became one of the very few men's basketball players from around the world, to be inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame, without having ever played in the NBA. On June 14, 2016, exactly 29 years after Greece's national team won the gold medal at the 1987 EuroBasket, the court of the biggest basketball arena in Greece, the OAKA Olympic Indoor Hall, was named the "Nikos Galis Olympic Indoor Hall", in his honour.
Quotes about Galis
"I never thought that there was such a good offensive player in Europe, and especially in Greece.", Michael Jordan
"I've seen Galis do things, that I've seen neither Lakers nor Celtics do.", Bob McAdoo
"I admire him. When he plays one on one, there's no way to stop him. I didn't think that there would ever be a player, who by himself, could cause nightmares and even beat the Soviet Union.", Sergei Belov
"If Galis wants to score, he will score no matter who's defending him.", Arvydas Sabonis
"If I'm The Son of the Devil, then Galis is The Devil himself.", Dražen Petrović
'"I’d like to be on the same team with him, so I could pass to him, and then watch him score a basket.”, Dražen Petrović
"Although Drazen (i.e. Petrović) is my brother, for the best athlete of 1987, I voted for Galis."', Aco Petrović
"Galis is a great player. He is one of the best European players. He was a really tough opponent, he floated in the air, he was one of the best.", Dino Radja
"Petrović and Galis were the most charismatic players I've ever known. "Galis is the only player who made me shudder.", Doron Jamchi
"Everyone who plays basketball, owes Galis money.", Fanis Christodoulou
"If we played together, we would have scored 300 points in every game!", Vassilis Goumas
"The man is a computer! If he had played with us in AEK in the '60s, we would have been undefeated.", Georgios Amerikanos
"A European and Greek basketball changed. It is my honor to play with him. He is the greatest of all time "., Sasha Volkov
"I've seen many players in my career, but what Galis does on the floor, only 2–3 in the world can do.", Audie Norris
"Who wouldn't want to play with Galis? I would definitely give the ball to Galis on the last play. Galis changed basketball in Greece and Europe.", Audie Norris
"Galis wasn't affected by anything. I count him among the five best players of Europe.", Georgios Sigalas
"In Greece, Galis is what Michael Jordan is in America.", Steve Giatzoglou
"Galis is the player of the 21st century.", Alexander Gomelsky, USSR head coach.
"I had nightmares of Galis all night.", Pierre Dao, Limoges head coach.
"I had given specific instructions on how to defend against the other 4 players. As for Nikos, we just had to sit down and pray!", Wojciech Krajewski, Lech Poznan head coach.
"There is only one way I can think of to stop Nikos from scoring. Lock him up in his hotel room, so that he can't come to the arena.", Ruud Harrewijn, Dutch national team head coach.
Awards and accomplishments
Galis won numerous titles and awards during his career and had many memorable single game performances. The following are some of them:
College
Haggerty Award (New York Metro Area Player of the Year): 1979
ECAC Player of the Year: 1979
Member of the Seton Hall Athletic Hall of Fame: 1991
Pro career
Titles:
8× Greek League Champion: 1983, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991
7× Greek Cup Winner: 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993
Greek Super Cup Winner: 1986(In total, he won 16 trophies in his pro club career as a player.)Personal awards and achievements:
11× Greek League Top Scorer: 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991
Greek Super Cup Finals Top Scorer: 1986
3× Greek Male Athlete of the Year: 1986, 1987, 1989
5× Greek Cup Finals Top Scorer: 1987, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993
5× Greek League Finals MVP: 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991
2× FIBA European Selection: 1987, 1991 I
Mediterranean Player of the Year: 1987
Euroscar European Player of the Year: 1987
Mr. Europa European Player of the Year: 1987
L'Équipe Champion of Champions' 10th Best Athlete in the World: 1987
5× FIBA EuroLeague Top Scorer: 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1994
5× Greek League MVP: 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992
4× Greek League Assist Leader: 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994
2× Greek League All-Star (1991, 1994 I)
FIBA EuroLeague Assists Leader: 1994
FIBA EuroLeague All-Final Four Team: (1994)
EuroLeague Final Four all-time career scoring leader: 231 points (28.9 points per game).
Greek Championship (amateur era) all-time career scoring leader: 12,864 points (33.5 points per game) – Vassilis Spanoulis is the league's professional era all-time career scoring leader.
Greek Cup all-time career scoring leader: 1,935 points (35.2 points per game).
FIBA's 50 Greatest Players: 1991
Member of the FIBA Hall of Fame: 2007
50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors: 2008
No. 6 jersey retired by Aris: 2013
Member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame: 2017
101 Greats of European Basketball: 2018
HoopsHype's 75 Greatest International Players Ever: 2021
Greek Basket League Hall of Fame: 2022
Along with Panagiotis Giannakis, he led Aris Thessaloniki to an 80-game winning streak in the Greek League, in the 1980s.
His personal career single-game scoring high in a Greek League game was 62 points, which was achieved in a game on 24 January 1981, during the 1980–81 season (Aris Thessaloniki vs. Ionikos Nikaias). However, in the same game, Ionikos' superstar, Panagiotis Giannakis, who would later go on to become Galis' teammate on Aris, scored 73 points.
His personal career single-game scoring high in the Greek Cup tournament was 52 points against Panellinios Athens, in the 1987 Greek Cup Final (15 April 1987).
His personal career single-game scoring high in a European-wide continental club competition was 56 points against Vasas (5 November 1980), during the 1980–81 season of the FIBA Korać Cup.
His personal career single-game scoring high in the FIBA European Champions' Cup (now called the EuroLeague), was 52 points, which he achieved twice. He scored 52 points versus Oostende in 1986–87 (2 October 1986). He also scored 52 points versus Lech Poznań in 1989–90 (7 December 1989).
In 1993, while playing in the Greek League with Panathinaikos Athens, in a revenge game against his former team Aris Thessaloniki, he had a game for the ages. In the game, Galis made all 13 of his field goal attempts.
4,047 points scored in 125 FIBA EuroLeague games played (32.4 points per game), and 864 points scored in 23 FIBA Korać Cup games played (37.6 points per game).
Greece National Team
1983 EuroBasket: All-Tournament Team
1984 Balkan Championship: Bronze
1986 FIBA World Championship: Top Scorer (33.7 points per game)
1986 Balkan Championship: Gold
1987 EuroBasket: Gold
1989 EuroBasket: Silver
1987 EuroBasket: Most Valuable Player
4× FIBA EuroBasket All-Tournament Team: 1983, 1987, 1989, 1991
4× FIBA EuroBasket Top Scorer: 1983 (33.6 points per game), 1987 (37.0 points per game), 1989 (35.6 points per game), 1991 (32.4 points per game)
2× FIBA European Olympic Qualification Top Scorer: 1984 (31.6 points per game), 1988 (28.4 points per game)
At the 1986 FIBA World Championship, he scored 53 points in a game against Panama.
In the 1987 EuroBasket Finals, he scored 40 points against the Soviet Union.
In the 1989 EuroBasket Semifinals, he scored 45 points against the Soviet Union.
In 168 FIBA-recognized games played with the Greece men's national basketball team, he averaged 30.5 points per game.
Greece men's national basketball team's 2nd all-time career scoring leader (behind Panagiotis Giannakis): 5,167 total points scored, in 169 total games played (30.6 points per game). However, only 5,129 points in 168 games (30.5 points per game), is officially recognized.
Galis was the top scorer in every major European and world international competition that he participated in from 1983 onward: the 1983 EuroBasket, the 1984 FIBA European Olympic Qualification, the 1986 FIBA World Championship, the 1987 EuroBasket, the 1988 FIBA European Olympic Qualification, the 1989 EuroBasket, and the 1991 EuroBasket.
See also
Basketball in the United States
FIBA Europe
Sources
Nikos Galis FIBA Archive official website.
Nikos Galis FIBA Europe official website.
Arbel, Y. , "Iron Man Galis", November 08, 2006, FIBA Europe official website.
Nikos Galis Hellenic Basketball Federation official website (in Greek).
Eurobasket.com's HALL OF FAME.
Rabotas, G. (2003). Nikos Galis, A Legend like I have known him. Athens: Psychogios. ISBN 960-87979-0-5.
BASKET ARIS – Unofficial fan site dedicated to ARIS B.C.
Notes
References
External links
Twitter Account (in Greek)
NBA Draft Profile
Nikos Galis FIBA Hall of Fame Profile
Euroleague.net 50 Greatest Contributors
FIBA Profile
Galis FIBA Europe Profile
Hellenic Basketball Federation Profile (in Greek)
Interbasket.net Galis Profile
FIBAEurope.com Galis Story
Euroleague.net A scoring machine
101 Greats: Nikos Galis
Τα “κανόνια” του ελληνικού Πρωταθλήματος: Νίκος Γκάλης (in Greek)
Nick Galis Unofficial Website
GrHomeBoy.com Galis Inducted into FIBA Hall of Fame
Books.Google.com Seton Hall Pirates Nick Galis
SHUPPirates.com Seton Hall – Galis
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