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HelpNDoc ( HELP-ən-dok) is a Windows-based help authoring tool published by French company IBE Software.
Features
HelpNDoc allows the writer to create a single source text which it then converts to a number of target formats such as:
CHM ( HTML Help)
PDF
RTF
DocX
Qt Help
HTML
EPUB (including Amazon Kindle compatible E-books)Markdown HelpNDoc integrates a WYSIWYG editor which aims to look like popular word processing software such as Microsoft Word or OpenOffice.org Writer. HelpNDoc has the ability to include variables and external files. It also has the ability to generate code for the C++, Delphi, Fortran, Pascal and Visual Basic programming languages for integration of the generated CHM help files with the application being developed. As of version 4 HelpNDoc comes with a project analyzer that can track the document’s layout, provide statistics and identify potential problems such as broken links or problems with media items. HelpNDoc can also be used to publish mobile websites, using the table of contents as a navigation menu, the content of the topics with navigation buttons, the keyword index menu, a built-in search engine, and mobile-specific user interface elements.
Licensing terms
HelpNDoc's licensing model offers a free version of the program (Personal Edition) for personal use and three paid Editions for commercial use:
Standard
Professional
UltimateThe free version includes an advertisement at the bottom of each generated documentation page, while the Professional / Ultimate Editions do not. The Standard Edition removes those ads from the CHM- and HTML-generated documentation.
The Ultimate Edition was first released with version 8.0 of the software. It allows you to "Encrypt and sign Word and PDF documents". These are new features that were released with 8.0.
History
1.0 was released to the public in December 2004 and only provided CHM and HTML documentation generation.
2.0.0.25 was released on May 16, 2009. Other 2.x versions followed during 2009 - 2010.
3.0.0.223 was released on August 23, 2011. Other 3.x versions were released during 2011 - 2013.
4.0.3.164 was released on October 9, 2013. Other 4.x versions were released during 2013 - 2016.
5.0.1.188 was released on March 7, 2017. Other 5.x versions were released during 2017 - 2018.
6.0.0.154 was released on March 7, 2019. Other 6x versions were released during 2019 - 2020.
7.0.0.199 was released on December 8, 2020.
7.1.0.253 was released on February 2, 2021.
7.1.1.256 was released on February 3, 2021.
7.1.2.266 was released on February 12, 2021.
7.1.3.270 was released on February 15, 2021.
7.2.0.306 was released on March 24, 2021.
7.3.0.348 was released on May 4, 2021.
7.4.0.390 was released on June 15, 2021.
7.5.0.435 was released on July 27, 2021.
7.6.0.479 was released on September 9, 2021.
7.7.0.519 was released on October 19, 2021.
7.8.0.569 was released on December 7, 2021.
7.9.0.612 was released on January 19, 2022.
7.9.1.631 was released on February 8, 2022.
8.0.0.187 was released on July 19, 2022.
8.1.0.243 was released on September 13, 2022.
8.2.0.286 was released on October 25, 2022 and is the latest release.
References
External links
HelpNDoc home page
|
writable file format
|
{
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279
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HelpNDoc ( HELP-ən-dok) is a Windows-based help authoring tool published by French company IBE Software.
Features
HelpNDoc allows the writer to create a single source text which it then converts to a number of target formats such as:
CHM ( HTML Help)
PDF
RTF
DocX
Qt Help
HTML
EPUB (including Amazon Kindle compatible E-books)Markdown HelpNDoc integrates a WYSIWYG editor which aims to look like popular word processing software such as Microsoft Word or OpenOffice.org Writer. HelpNDoc has the ability to include variables and external files. It also has the ability to generate code for the C++, Delphi, Fortran, Pascal and Visual Basic programming languages for integration of the generated CHM help files with the application being developed. As of version 4 HelpNDoc comes with a project analyzer that can track the document’s layout, provide statistics and identify potential problems such as broken links or problems with media items. HelpNDoc can also be used to publish mobile websites, using the table of contents as a navigation menu, the content of the topics with navigation buttons, the keyword index menu, a built-in search engine, and mobile-specific user interface elements.
Licensing terms
HelpNDoc's licensing model offers a free version of the program (Personal Edition) for personal use and three paid Editions for commercial use:
Standard
Professional
UltimateThe free version includes an advertisement at the bottom of each generated documentation page, while the Professional / Ultimate Editions do not. The Standard Edition removes those ads from the CHM- and HTML-generated documentation.
The Ultimate Edition was first released with version 8.0 of the software. It allows you to "Encrypt and sign Word and PDF documents". These are new features that were released with 8.0.
History
1.0 was released to the public in December 2004 and only provided CHM and HTML documentation generation.
2.0.0.25 was released on May 16, 2009. Other 2.x versions followed during 2009 - 2010.
3.0.0.223 was released on August 23, 2011. Other 3.x versions were released during 2011 - 2013.
4.0.3.164 was released on October 9, 2013. Other 4.x versions were released during 2013 - 2016.
5.0.1.188 was released on March 7, 2017. Other 5.x versions were released during 2017 - 2018.
6.0.0.154 was released on March 7, 2019. Other 6x versions were released during 2019 - 2020.
7.0.0.199 was released on December 8, 2020.
7.1.0.253 was released on February 2, 2021.
7.1.1.256 was released on February 3, 2021.
7.1.2.266 was released on February 12, 2021.
7.1.3.270 was released on February 15, 2021.
7.2.0.306 was released on March 24, 2021.
7.3.0.348 was released on May 4, 2021.
7.4.0.390 was released on June 15, 2021.
7.5.0.435 was released on July 27, 2021.
7.6.0.479 was released on September 9, 2021.
7.7.0.519 was released on October 19, 2021.
7.8.0.569 was released on December 7, 2021.
7.9.0.612 was released on January 19, 2022.
7.9.1.631 was released on February 8, 2022.
8.0.0.187 was released on July 19, 2022.
8.1.0.243 was released on September 13, 2022.
8.2.0.286 was released on October 25, 2022 and is the latest release.
References
External links
HelpNDoc home page
|
Quora topic ID
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"HelpNDoc"
]
}
|
The Joševica massacre was a war crime committed by the paramilitary forces of the Krajina Serbs in the Croatian village of Joševica during the Croatian War of Independence. The atrocities took place on December 16 of 1991.Serb paramilitary forces killed 21 Croatian civilians in the village of Joševica near the city of Glina. The Serb paramilitaries were members of a reconnaissance and sabotage group of the local Glina Territorial Defense, they entered the village on 16 December 1991, armed with submachine guns attached with silencers, and shot Croat civilians in their homes. One civilian survived the attack with serious wounds. After a few weeks, Serb paramilitary forces perpetrated another massacre, killing another 3 Croats. In total, 32 residents of Joševica out of 133 that had lived in Joševica (census 1991) were killed. The victims were mostly women and elderly, the eldest victim being 90 years old, while four victims were children aged between 10 and 16.At the time there was no active combat in the Joševica area, as the forces of rebel Serbs had already occupied the area. Serb military commanders had also made guarantees to the local Croats that they would enjoy peace and safety if they did not partake in armed resistance. It has been speculated that the Serb paramilitaries may have committed the massacre in revenge for losses they had sustained in battle with the Croatian Army on the 12 and 13 December 1991.
Investigation
At the time, one Nikola Sužnjević, an investigating judge in the employ of the then-Republic of Serbian Krajina (in 2008 a member of the city council of Glina) had investigated the events and made a detailed record with a precise list of victims and the description of how those persons were killed. Despite that, the occupation authorities of RSK took no further actions, and the perpetrators were not legally processed, despite the existence of witnesses that named the victims.The State Attorney's Office of the Republic of Croatia (DORH) has indicted six citizens of the Republic of Serbia for the Joševica case. All of them had left for Serbia in 1995 after the Croatian Operation Flash, where they took permanent residence. DORH brought the indictment forward almost 17 years after the events.
References
External links
MKSBJ Indictment against Vojislav Šešelj
Istraga Joševica
|
instance of
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28
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"text": [
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Robert Ford Ogdin (born September, 1945) is a Nashville-based recording session pianist. He is best known as a member of Elvis Presley's TCB band. He performed on 20 of Presley's recordings and accompanied him on 45 live shows until Presleys' death in 1977. Ogdin's piano playing was synchronized with archival footage of Presley's vocal performance on "Unchained Melody" in the 2022 motion picture, Elvis directed by Baz Luhrman. Ogdin's experiences during the Presley tours have been chronicled in a four-part series of video interviews by Billy Stallings.
Over a career spanning four decades as a session musician, Ogdin recorded with country artists including Kenny Rogers, Willie Nelson, George Jones, The Judds, Kenny Chesney, Ray Charles, and Ronnie Milsap. In rock music, he was a member of the Marshall Tucker Band for five years (1984–1989) after departures of some of the original members. He also recorded and performed concerts with the alternative rock band Ween.
Career
Born in Detroit, Ogdin grew up in Knoxville, Tennessee. As a youth, he studied piano and violin from age 4 to 16 and won a Knoxville Symphony Orchestra music-writing contest. His father was an executive at Robertshaw Controls Company; his sister, Sue Ogdin Lynch, is a visual artist. As a teen, he became interested in rock and roll music and played piano and a Hammond B3 organ in local bands. He graduated from the University of Tennessee and attended law school briefly, but realized it was not his calling. He served in the army for two years. Tom Collins, a Nashville record producer whom Ogdin had known as a Sigma Chi Fraternity brother in college, urged him to come to Nashville to explore music opportunities. Collins arranged for him to get some work playing on jingles and demo recordings. He worked his way up to become an in-demand studio musician for scores of major artists including Elvis Presley, Willie Nelson, Kenny Rogers, The Judds, Travis Tritt, George Jones, Kenny Chesney, Ray Charles, Barbara Mandrell, Dan Hill, Amy Grant and Ronnie Milsap.
With Elvis Presley
In 2018, Ogdin was interviewed by Billy Stallings in a four-part video series chronicling Ogdin's experiences on tour with Presley. These first-hand accounts are the source for some of the following information.
In early 1977, a vacancy opened in Elvis Presley's TCB Band when David Briggs resigned. Ogdin was chosen as his replacement primarily by Briggs and by Elvis' record producer Felton Jarvis, seconded by Bob Beckham. When Ogdin accepted, Jarvis told him there were no charts and no rehearsals. He was given a cassette tape of the show to memorize. There were no sound checks for him to attend; the instruments were transported, positioned and tuned by roadies and sound levels and monitors were done by a crew supervised by veteran sound engineer Bill Porter.Ogdin's debut performance in what would become a series of 45 shows was on March 23, 1977, at Arizona State University in Tempe. He had written himself cue cards to refer to on stage. After the warm-up acts finished, TCB Band members along with the Joe Guercio Orchestra from Las Vegas took their places and began the overture with a dramatic build-up as Elvis appeared and pandemonium followed. Ogdin said, "I was the most excited one in the place". He saw Presley for the first time only then, and Ogdin was seated at the front of the stage fairly close to him. Elvis walked over to Ogdin and shook his hand during the initial crowd reaction, acknowledging Elvis' awareness and collegiality toward the new member. Three powerful spotlights on Elvis blinded Ogdin and his cue cards were of no use.Elvis' isolation from the other musicians during those days was near complete, to the extent that no band member had any contact with him except during the actual performances. His schedule was opposite from theirs. When the performance was over, he was immediately taken to his own plane and flown to the next city to spend the night and usually slept until the next afternoon. The band stayed in town after the show and left the next morning. Ogdin said, "We stayed in the best hotels and everything was taken care of for us." Wardrobe was provided (seven different pastel outfits) and there was a per diem allowance for food and expenses, so backstage catering was fairly basic. In each city, the people there knew this was a big event, and each hotel where the musicians stayed was full of excitement. Ogdin was amused when people asked for his autograph and brought food and gifts for the band. He said, "You accepted but never ate the food, and the gifts (usually teddy bears) were collected and donated."Ogdin recalled how they added a new song, "Moody Blue" to the show. An on-the-road rehearsal was called one afternoon and the musicians assembled at the arena, which was already set up for that evening's show. Felton Jarvis called to the stage an Elvis impersonator whom he had hired. This person sang "Moody Blue" (imitating Elvis) standing on Elvis' very spot to rehearse the band.
"Unchained Melody"
On June 21, 1977, while Ogdin was playing electric piano for Presley at a live concert in Rapid City, South Dakota,: 455 he witnessed Presley suddenly going off script— he commandeered the grand piano and started singing Unchained Melody while accompanying himself. This was not on the usual set list and the orchestra members were surprised and unprepared; they remained silent. Elvis continued on the piano but his playing lacked the polish of a studio musician; nevertheless, Jarvis said the vocal was "the best thing 'The King' had done in years" and wanted to save it.
Back in Nashville, Jarvis scheduled Ogdin for an overdub session at Nashville's RCA Studio A to replace the backing music without altering the original vocal. : 142 This was nothing new to Ogdin who had overdubbed about 20 of Elvis' previous recordings. "Unchained Melody" had been captured on 24 track tape. Working with engineer Al Patchucki,: 143 Jarvis asked Ogdin to come up with a smooth, synchronized piano track to follow Presley's vocal. "This was no easy task", said fellow musician Norbert Putnam, who was there that day waiting to add his bass part after Ogdin finished.: 143 Presley's vocal contained rubato passages that did not follow a strict tempo. Ogdin's playing defined a clear framework for the rest of the parts to be added, using two tracks for a stereo effect. Putnam's bass part required several takes, he said, "to perfectly follow Ogdin's left hand".: 144 With these two essential parts finished, Jarvis subsequently added many additional musicians and singers; it amounted to creating a new band, one instrument at a time.: 142 The final product was first released as a single, then on the album Moody Blue, which shot up on the record charts after Presley's death and ultimately sold two million copies. The video of Presley (with audio overdubs) has been viewed millions of times via YouTube. Four decades later Ogdin's piano part was used with archival footage of Presley's vocal performance on Unchained Melody in Baz Luhrman's 2022 motion picture, Elvis.
Presley's death
On the day Presley died, August 16, 1977, Ogdin was waiting at a private airport in Nashville along with Felton Jarvis, Randy Cullers, J.D. Sumner, members of the Stamps Quartet and others. They were the last pickup for a large plane, already-airborne, containing the Joe Gurcio Orchestra and others from Los Angeles and Las Vegas. After picking up the Nashville group, the plane was to head for Portland, Maine, for a show scheduled on August 17, 1977. Ogdin said, "The airport wasn't busy and we were about the only people there. We got the news through the air-traffic controllers that Elvis had died." Shortly thereafter Jarvis, who was to be on the plane with them, appeared and said simply and succinctly, "Elvis is dead, everything is cancelled... go home ... act of God". Ogdin said that Jarvis had just been on the phone with Colonel Tom Parker and "act of God" was a phrase from the musicians' contracts that dealt with financial obligations if some disastrous event occurred. Ogdin didn't think it sounded like a phrase Jarvis would use.
Associated acts
The Marshall Tucker Band, one of the major southern rock bands of the 1970s, had an upheaval in 1983 when five of the original seven members quit the band. The two remaining founders, Doug Gray and Jerry Eubanks decided to recruit replacements and carry on. They chose primarily studio musicians including Ogdin, bassist Bob Wray, drummer James Stroud, and guitarists Rusty Milner and Ken Mimms. Ogdin played in the group for five years (1983-1988) and recorded the album Still Holdin' On which yielded two country chart singles, "Hangin' Out in Smokey Places" (No. 44) and "Once You Get The Feel of It" (No. 79).
"Ween", the duo of Aaron Freeman and Mickey Melchiondo, a.k.a. Gene and Dean Ween, built a cult following with their oddball musical parodies in various genres; however, their recordings, said the New York Times, sounded "homemade". That changed in 1996 when they came to Nashville to record a country album on Elektra called "12 Golden Country Greats " (a misnomer since the album contained less than 12 songs). This time they used seasoned session players including Charlie McCoy, The Jordanaires, Hargus Robbins, Russ Hicks, and Bobby Ogdin. The success of this association led to Ogdin's being asked to tour with Ween with a backing unit dubbed "Bobby Ogdin and the Shit Creek Boys". One of these shows (October,1996) was released as a live album entitled "Live in Toronto Canada ". Ogdin reunited with Ween for two concerts at Nashville's Ryman Auditorium in October, 2018.
Playing style
Ogdin is known musically for his skill in playing to bring out or enhance the vocalist or soloist without overplaying. Although it sounds simple, many otherwise skilled players cannot seem to master it. Barry Beckett, one of the founders of the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section and later a Nashville record producer, was asked in an interview, "Who would you use for keyboards?" His answer: "There are three: Matt Rollings, John Jarvis, and Bobby Ogdin. Those three really know taste. They know when not to play. That is probably the most important thing".
== References ==
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occupation
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Robert Ford Ogdin (born September, 1945) is a Nashville-based recording session pianist. He is best known as a member of Elvis Presley's TCB band. He performed on 20 of Presley's recordings and accompanied him on 45 live shows until Presleys' death in 1977. Ogdin's piano playing was synchronized with archival footage of Presley's vocal performance on "Unchained Melody" in the 2022 motion picture, Elvis directed by Baz Luhrman. Ogdin's experiences during the Presley tours have been chronicled in a four-part series of video interviews by Billy Stallings.
Over a career spanning four decades as a session musician, Ogdin recorded with country artists including Kenny Rogers, Willie Nelson, George Jones, The Judds, Kenny Chesney, Ray Charles, and Ronnie Milsap. In rock music, he was a member of the Marshall Tucker Band for five years (1984–1989) after departures of some of the original members. He also recorded and performed concerts with the alternative rock band Ween.
Career
Born in Detroit, Ogdin grew up in Knoxville, Tennessee. As a youth, he studied piano and violin from age 4 to 16 and won a Knoxville Symphony Orchestra music-writing contest. His father was an executive at Robertshaw Controls Company; his sister, Sue Ogdin Lynch, is a visual artist. As a teen, he became interested in rock and roll music and played piano and a Hammond B3 organ in local bands. He graduated from the University of Tennessee and attended law school briefly, but realized it was not his calling. He served in the army for two years. Tom Collins, a Nashville record producer whom Ogdin had known as a Sigma Chi Fraternity brother in college, urged him to come to Nashville to explore music opportunities. Collins arranged for him to get some work playing on jingles and demo recordings. He worked his way up to become an in-demand studio musician for scores of major artists including Elvis Presley, Willie Nelson, Kenny Rogers, The Judds, Travis Tritt, George Jones, Kenny Chesney, Ray Charles, Barbara Mandrell, Dan Hill, Amy Grant and Ronnie Milsap.
With Elvis Presley
In 2018, Ogdin was interviewed by Billy Stallings in a four-part video series chronicling Ogdin's experiences on tour with Presley. These first-hand accounts are the source for some of the following information.
In early 1977, a vacancy opened in Elvis Presley's TCB Band when David Briggs resigned. Ogdin was chosen as his replacement primarily by Briggs and by Elvis' record producer Felton Jarvis, seconded by Bob Beckham. When Ogdin accepted, Jarvis told him there were no charts and no rehearsals. He was given a cassette tape of the show to memorize. There were no sound checks for him to attend; the instruments were transported, positioned and tuned by roadies and sound levels and monitors were done by a crew supervised by veteran sound engineer Bill Porter.Ogdin's debut performance in what would become a series of 45 shows was on March 23, 1977, at Arizona State University in Tempe. He had written himself cue cards to refer to on stage. After the warm-up acts finished, TCB Band members along with the Joe Guercio Orchestra from Las Vegas took their places and began the overture with a dramatic build-up as Elvis appeared and pandemonium followed. Ogdin said, "I was the most excited one in the place". He saw Presley for the first time only then, and Ogdin was seated at the front of the stage fairly close to him. Elvis walked over to Ogdin and shook his hand during the initial crowd reaction, acknowledging Elvis' awareness and collegiality toward the new member. Three powerful spotlights on Elvis blinded Ogdin and his cue cards were of no use.Elvis' isolation from the other musicians during those days was near complete, to the extent that no band member had any contact with him except during the actual performances. His schedule was opposite from theirs. When the performance was over, he was immediately taken to his own plane and flown to the next city to spend the night and usually slept until the next afternoon. The band stayed in town after the show and left the next morning. Ogdin said, "We stayed in the best hotels and everything was taken care of for us." Wardrobe was provided (seven different pastel outfits) and there was a per diem allowance for food and expenses, so backstage catering was fairly basic. In each city, the people there knew this was a big event, and each hotel where the musicians stayed was full of excitement. Ogdin was amused when people asked for his autograph and brought food and gifts for the band. He said, "You accepted but never ate the food, and the gifts (usually teddy bears) were collected and donated."Ogdin recalled how they added a new song, "Moody Blue" to the show. An on-the-road rehearsal was called one afternoon and the musicians assembled at the arena, which was already set up for that evening's show. Felton Jarvis called to the stage an Elvis impersonator whom he had hired. This person sang "Moody Blue" (imitating Elvis) standing on Elvis' very spot to rehearse the band.
"Unchained Melody"
On June 21, 1977, while Ogdin was playing electric piano for Presley at a live concert in Rapid City, South Dakota,: 455 he witnessed Presley suddenly going off script— he commandeered the grand piano and started singing Unchained Melody while accompanying himself. This was not on the usual set list and the orchestra members were surprised and unprepared; they remained silent. Elvis continued on the piano but his playing lacked the polish of a studio musician; nevertheless, Jarvis said the vocal was "the best thing 'The King' had done in years" and wanted to save it.
Back in Nashville, Jarvis scheduled Ogdin for an overdub session at Nashville's RCA Studio A to replace the backing music without altering the original vocal. : 142 This was nothing new to Ogdin who had overdubbed about 20 of Elvis' previous recordings. "Unchained Melody" had been captured on 24 track tape. Working with engineer Al Patchucki,: 143 Jarvis asked Ogdin to come up with a smooth, synchronized piano track to follow Presley's vocal. "This was no easy task", said fellow musician Norbert Putnam, who was there that day waiting to add his bass part after Ogdin finished.: 143 Presley's vocal contained rubato passages that did not follow a strict tempo. Ogdin's playing defined a clear framework for the rest of the parts to be added, using two tracks for a stereo effect. Putnam's bass part required several takes, he said, "to perfectly follow Ogdin's left hand".: 144 With these two essential parts finished, Jarvis subsequently added many additional musicians and singers; it amounted to creating a new band, one instrument at a time.: 142 The final product was first released as a single, then on the album Moody Blue, which shot up on the record charts after Presley's death and ultimately sold two million copies. The video of Presley (with audio overdubs) has been viewed millions of times via YouTube. Four decades later Ogdin's piano part was used with archival footage of Presley's vocal performance on Unchained Melody in Baz Luhrman's 2022 motion picture, Elvis.
Presley's death
On the day Presley died, August 16, 1977, Ogdin was waiting at a private airport in Nashville along with Felton Jarvis, Randy Cullers, J.D. Sumner, members of the Stamps Quartet and others. They were the last pickup for a large plane, already-airborne, containing the Joe Gurcio Orchestra and others from Los Angeles and Las Vegas. After picking up the Nashville group, the plane was to head for Portland, Maine, for a show scheduled on August 17, 1977. Ogdin said, "The airport wasn't busy and we were about the only people there. We got the news through the air-traffic controllers that Elvis had died." Shortly thereafter Jarvis, who was to be on the plane with them, appeared and said simply and succinctly, "Elvis is dead, everything is cancelled... go home ... act of God". Ogdin said that Jarvis had just been on the phone with Colonel Tom Parker and "act of God" was a phrase from the musicians' contracts that dealt with financial obligations if some disastrous event occurred. Ogdin didn't think it sounded like a phrase Jarvis would use.
Associated acts
The Marshall Tucker Band, one of the major southern rock bands of the 1970s, had an upheaval in 1983 when five of the original seven members quit the band. The two remaining founders, Doug Gray and Jerry Eubanks decided to recruit replacements and carry on. They chose primarily studio musicians including Ogdin, bassist Bob Wray, drummer James Stroud, and guitarists Rusty Milner and Ken Mimms. Ogdin played in the group for five years (1983-1988) and recorded the album Still Holdin' On which yielded two country chart singles, "Hangin' Out in Smokey Places" (No. 44) and "Once You Get The Feel of It" (No. 79).
"Ween", the duo of Aaron Freeman and Mickey Melchiondo, a.k.a. Gene and Dean Ween, built a cult following with their oddball musical parodies in various genres; however, their recordings, said the New York Times, sounded "homemade". That changed in 1996 when they came to Nashville to record a country album on Elektra called "12 Golden Country Greats " (a misnomer since the album contained less than 12 songs). This time they used seasoned session players including Charlie McCoy, The Jordanaires, Hargus Robbins, Russ Hicks, and Bobby Ogdin. The success of this association led to Ogdin's being asked to tour with Ween with a backing unit dubbed "Bobby Ogdin and the Shit Creek Boys". One of these shows (October,1996) was released as a live album entitled "Live in Toronto Canada ". Ogdin reunited with Ween for two concerts at Nashville's Ryman Auditorium in October, 2018.
Playing style
Ogdin is known musically for his skill in playing to bring out or enhance the vocalist or soloist without overplaying. Although it sounds simple, many otherwise skilled players cannot seem to master it. Barry Beckett, one of the founders of the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section and later a Nashville record producer, was asked in an interview, "Who would you use for keyboards?" His answer: "There are three: Matt Rollings, John Jarvis, and Bobby Ogdin. Those three really know taste. They know when not to play. That is probably the most important thing".
== References ==
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given name
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Robert Ford Ogdin (born September, 1945) is a Nashville-based recording session pianist. He is best known as a member of Elvis Presley's TCB band. He performed on 20 of Presley's recordings and accompanied him on 45 live shows until Presleys' death in 1977. Ogdin's piano playing was synchronized with archival footage of Presley's vocal performance on "Unchained Melody" in the 2022 motion picture, Elvis directed by Baz Luhrman. Ogdin's experiences during the Presley tours have been chronicled in a four-part series of video interviews by Billy Stallings.
Over a career spanning four decades as a session musician, Ogdin recorded with country artists including Kenny Rogers, Willie Nelson, George Jones, The Judds, Kenny Chesney, Ray Charles, and Ronnie Milsap. In rock music, he was a member of the Marshall Tucker Band for five years (1984–1989) after departures of some of the original members. He also recorded and performed concerts with the alternative rock band Ween.
Career
Born in Detroit, Ogdin grew up in Knoxville, Tennessee. As a youth, he studied piano and violin from age 4 to 16 and won a Knoxville Symphony Orchestra music-writing contest. His father was an executive at Robertshaw Controls Company; his sister, Sue Ogdin Lynch, is a visual artist. As a teen, he became interested in rock and roll music and played piano and a Hammond B3 organ in local bands. He graduated from the University of Tennessee and attended law school briefly, but realized it was not his calling. He served in the army for two years. Tom Collins, a Nashville record producer whom Ogdin had known as a Sigma Chi Fraternity brother in college, urged him to come to Nashville to explore music opportunities. Collins arranged for him to get some work playing on jingles and demo recordings. He worked his way up to become an in-demand studio musician for scores of major artists including Elvis Presley, Willie Nelson, Kenny Rogers, The Judds, Travis Tritt, George Jones, Kenny Chesney, Ray Charles, Barbara Mandrell, Dan Hill, Amy Grant and Ronnie Milsap.
With Elvis Presley
In 2018, Ogdin was interviewed by Billy Stallings in a four-part video series chronicling Ogdin's experiences on tour with Presley. These first-hand accounts are the source for some of the following information.
In early 1977, a vacancy opened in Elvis Presley's TCB Band when David Briggs resigned. Ogdin was chosen as his replacement primarily by Briggs and by Elvis' record producer Felton Jarvis, seconded by Bob Beckham. When Ogdin accepted, Jarvis told him there were no charts and no rehearsals. He was given a cassette tape of the show to memorize. There were no sound checks for him to attend; the instruments were transported, positioned and tuned by roadies and sound levels and monitors were done by a crew supervised by veteran sound engineer Bill Porter.Ogdin's debut performance in what would become a series of 45 shows was on March 23, 1977, at Arizona State University in Tempe. He had written himself cue cards to refer to on stage. After the warm-up acts finished, TCB Band members along with the Joe Guercio Orchestra from Las Vegas took their places and began the overture with a dramatic build-up as Elvis appeared and pandemonium followed. Ogdin said, "I was the most excited one in the place". He saw Presley for the first time only then, and Ogdin was seated at the front of the stage fairly close to him. Elvis walked over to Ogdin and shook his hand during the initial crowd reaction, acknowledging Elvis' awareness and collegiality toward the new member. Three powerful spotlights on Elvis blinded Ogdin and his cue cards were of no use.Elvis' isolation from the other musicians during those days was near complete, to the extent that no band member had any contact with him except during the actual performances. His schedule was opposite from theirs. When the performance was over, he was immediately taken to his own plane and flown to the next city to spend the night and usually slept until the next afternoon. The band stayed in town after the show and left the next morning. Ogdin said, "We stayed in the best hotels and everything was taken care of for us." Wardrobe was provided (seven different pastel outfits) and there was a per diem allowance for food and expenses, so backstage catering was fairly basic. In each city, the people there knew this was a big event, and each hotel where the musicians stayed was full of excitement. Ogdin was amused when people asked for his autograph and brought food and gifts for the band. He said, "You accepted but never ate the food, and the gifts (usually teddy bears) were collected and donated."Ogdin recalled how they added a new song, "Moody Blue" to the show. An on-the-road rehearsal was called one afternoon and the musicians assembled at the arena, which was already set up for that evening's show. Felton Jarvis called to the stage an Elvis impersonator whom he had hired. This person sang "Moody Blue" (imitating Elvis) standing on Elvis' very spot to rehearse the band.
"Unchained Melody"
On June 21, 1977, while Ogdin was playing electric piano for Presley at a live concert in Rapid City, South Dakota,: 455 he witnessed Presley suddenly going off script— he commandeered the grand piano and started singing Unchained Melody while accompanying himself. This was not on the usual set list and the orchestra members were surprised and unprepared; they remained silent. Elvis continued on the piano but his playing lacked the polish of a studio musician; nevertheless, Jarvis said the vocal was "the best thing 'The King' had done in years" and wanted to save it.
Back in Nashville, Jarvis scheduled Ogdin for an overdub session at Nashville's RCA Studio A to replace the backing music without altering the original vocal. : 142 This was nothing new to Ogdin who had overdubbed about 20 of Elvis' previous recordings. "Unchained Melody" had been captured on 24 track tape. Working with engineer Al Patchucki,: 143 Jarvis asked Ogdin to come up with a smooth, synchronized piano track to follow Presley's vocal. "This was no easy task", said fellow musician Norbert Putnam, who was there that day waiting to add his bass part after Ogdin finished.: 143 Presley's vocal contained rubato passages that did not follow a strict tempo. Ogdin's playing defined a clear framework for the rest of the parts to be added, using two tracks for a stereo effect. Putnam's bass part required several takes, he said, "to perfectly follow Ogdin's left hand".: 144 With these two essential parts finished, Jarvis subsequently added many additional musicians and singers; it amounted to creating a new band, one instrument at a time.: 142 The final product was first released as a single, then on the album Moody Blue, which shot up on the record charts after Presley's death and ultimately sold two million copies. The video of Presley (with audio overdubs) has been viewed millions of times via YouTube. Four decades later Ogdin's piano part was used with archival footage of Presley's vocal performance on Unchained Melody in Baz Luhrman's 2022 motion picture, Elvis.
Presley's death
On the day Presley died, August 16, 1977, Ogdin was waiting at a private airport in Nashville along with Felton Jarvis, Randy Cullers, J.D. Sumner, members of the Stamps Quartet and others. They were the last pickup for a large plane, already-airborne, containing the Joe Gurcio Orchestra and others from Los Angeles and Las Vegas. After picking up the Nashville group, the plane was to head for Portland, Maine, for a show scheduled on August 17, 1977. Ogdin said, "The airport wasn't busy and we were about the only people there. We got the news through the air-traffic controllers that Elvis had died." Shortly thereafter Jarvis, who was to be on the plane with them, appeared and said simply and succinctly, "Elvis is dead, everything is cancelled... go home ... act of God". Ogdin said that Jarvis had just been on the phone with Colonel Tom Parker and "act of God" was a phrase from the musicians' contracts that dealt with financial obligations if some disastrous event occurred. Ogdin didn't think it sounded like a phrase Jarvis would use.
Associated acts
The Marshall Tucker Band, one of the major southern rock bands of the 1970s, had an upheaval in 1983 when five of the original seven members quit the band. The two remaining founders, Doug Gray and Jerry Eubanks decided to recruit replacements and carry on. They chose primarily studio musicians including Ogdin, bassist Bob Wray, drummer James Stroud, and guitarists Rusty Milner and Ken Mimms. Ogdin played in the group for five years (1983-1988) and recorded the album Still Holdin' On which yielded two country chart singles, "Hangin' Out in Smokey Places" (No. 44) and "Once You Get The Feel of It" (No. 79).
"Ween", the duo of Aaron Freeman and Mickey Melchiondo, a.k.a. Gene and Dean Ween, built a cult following with their oddball musical parodies in various genres; however, their recordings, said the New York Times, sounded "homemade". That changed in 1996 when they came to Nashville to record a country album on Elektra called "12 Golden Country Greats " (a misnomer since the album contained less than 12 songs). This time they used seasoned session players including Charlie McCoy, The Jordanaires, Hargus Robbins, Russ Hicks, and Bobby Ogdin. The success of this association led to Ogdin's being asked to tour with Ween with a backing unit dubbed "Bobby Ogdin and the Shit Creek Boys". One of these shows (October,1996) was released as a live album entitled "Live in Toronto Canada ". Ogdin reunited with Ween for two concerts at Nashville's Ryman Auditorium in October, 2018.
Playing style
Ogdin is known musically for his skill in playing to bring out or enhance the vocalist or soloist without overplaying. Although it sounds simple, many otherwise skilled players cannot seem to master it. Barry Beckett, one of the founders of the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section and later a Nashville record producer, was asked in an interview, "Who would you use for keyboards?" His answer: "There are three: Matt Rollings, John Jarvis, and Bobby Ogdin. Those three really know taste. They know when not to play. That is probably the most important thing".
== References ==
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instrument
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Joseph James Siddle (August 25, 1921 – September 25, 2006), nicknamed "Jumping Joe", was an American Negro league first baseman in the 1940s.
A native of Guilford County, North Carolina, Siddle played on several local semi-pro teams, and served in the US Army during World War II. In 1946, he played for the Kansas City Monarchs, and went on to play minor league baseball with the Winston-Salem Twins. Siddle died in Greensboro, North Carolina in 2006 at age 85.
== References ==
|
sport
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|
Teucrium grandiusculum is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae and is endemic to central Australia. It is a perennial herb or shrub with toothed, egg-shaped leaves and white flowers.
Description
Teucrium grandiusculum is a perennial herb or shrub that typically grows to a height of 80 cm (31 in) with stems that are square in cross-section and covered with glandular hairs. The leaves are arranged in opposite pairs, egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, 8–30 mm (0.31–1.18 in) long, 6–20 mm (0.24–0.79 in) wide and sessile with between five and seventeen teeth or serrations on each edge. The flowers are borne in groups of up to three with leaf-like bracts at the base. The sepals are 6–8 mm (0.24–0.31 in) long and joined along their lower half, the petals are white and there are four stamens.
Taxonomy
Teucrium grandiusculum was formally described in 1890 by Ferdinand von Mueller and Ralph Tate in Transactions, Proceedings and Report, Royal Society of South Australia. The specific epithet (grandiusculum) means "very nearly grown up".In 1985, Hellmut R. Toelken described two subspecies of T. grandiusculum and the names are accepted by the Australian Plant Census:
Teucrium grandiusculum F.Muell. & Tate subsp. grandiusculum has branches with a few hairs up to 0.3 mm (0.012 in) long;
Teucrium grandiusculum subsp. pilosum Toelken has branches densely covered with hairs up to 1.5 mm (0.059 in) long.
Distribution and habitat
This germander grows on rocky slopes and along watercourses in scattered locations on the Tomkinson Ranges near the border between Western Australia, South Australia the Northern Territory. Subspecies pilosum is only known from two locations near Ooldea.
Conservation status
Teucrium grandiusculum is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife but as "near threatened" under the Northern Territory Government Territory Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1976.
== References ==
|
taxon rank
|
{
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28
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"text": [
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|
Teucrium grandiusculum is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae and is endemic to central Australia. It is a perennial herb or shrub with toothed, egg-shaped leaves and white flowers.
Description
Teucrium grandiusculum is a perennial herb or shrub that typically grows to a height of 80 cm (31 in) with stems that are square in cross-section and covered with glandular hairs. The leaves are arranged in opposite pairs, egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, 8–30 mm (0.31–1.18 in) long, 6–20 mm (0.24–0.79 in) wide and sessile with between five and seventeen teeth or serrations on each edge. The flowers are borne in groups of up to three with leaf-like bracts at the base. The sepals are 6–8 mm (0.24–0.31 in) long and joined along their lower half, the petals are white and there are four stamens.
Taxonomy
Teucrium grandiusculum was formally described in 1890 by Ferdinand von Mueller and Ralph Tate in Transactions, Proceedings and Report, Royal Society of South Australia. The specific epithet (grandiusculum) means "very nearly grown up".In 1985, Hellmut R. Toelken described two subspecies of T. grandiusculum and the names are accepted by the Australian Plant Census:
Teucrium grandiusculum F.Muell. & Tate subsp. grandiusculum has branches with a few hairs up to 0.3 mm (0.012 in) long;
Teucrium grandiusculum subsp. pilosum Toelken has branches densely covered with hairs up to 1.5 mm (0.059 in) long.
Distribution and habitat
This germander grows on rocky slopes and along watercourses in scattered locations on the Tomkinson Ranges near the border between Western Australia, South Australia the Northern Territory. Subspecies pilosum is only known from two locations near Ooldea.
Conservation status
Teucrium grandiusculum is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife but as "near threatened" under the Northern Territory Government Territory Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1976.
== References ==
|
parent taxon
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Teucrium"
]
}
|
Teucrium grandiusculum is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae and is endemic to central Australia. It is a perennial herb or shrub with toothed, egg-shaped leaves and white flowers.
Description
Teucrium grandiusculum is a perennial herb or shrub that typically grows to a height of 80 cm (31 in) with stems that are square in cross-section and covered with glandular hairs. The leaves are arranged in opposite pairs, egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, 8–30 mm (0.31–1.18 in) long, 6–20 mm (0.24–0.79 in) wide and sessile with between five and seventeen teeth or serrations on each edge. The flowers are borne in groups of up to three with leaf-like bracts at the base. The sepals are 6–8 mm (0.24–0.31 in) long and joined along their lower half, the petals are white and there are four stamens.
Taxonomy
Teucrium grandiusculum was formally described in 1890 by Ferdinand von Mueller and Ralph Tate in Transactions, Proceedings and Report, Royal Society of South Australia. The specific epithet (grandiusculum) means "very nearly grown up".In 1985, Hellmut R. Toelken described two subspecies of T. grandiusculum and the names are accepted by the Australian Plant Census:
Teucrium grandiusculum F.Muell. & Tate subsp. grandiusculum has branches with a few hairs up to 0.3 mm (0.012 in) long;
Teucrium grandiusculum subsp. pilosum Toelken has branches densely covered with hairs up to 1.5 mm (0.059 in) long.
Distribution and habitat
This germander grows on rocky slopes and along watercourses in scattered locations on the Tomkinson Ranges near the border between Western Australia, South Australia the Northern Territory. Subspecies pilosum is only known from two locations near Ooldea.
Conservation status
Teucrium grandiusculum is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife but as "near threatened" under the Northern Territory Government Territory Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1976.
== References ==
|
taxon name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Teucrium grandiusculum"
]
}
|
Selig Seidenman Harrison (March 19, 1927 – December 30, 2016) was a scholar and journalist, who specialized in South Asia and East Asia. He was the Director of the Asia Program and a senior fellow at the Center for International Policy, and a senior scholar of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. He was also a member of the Afghanistan Study Group. He wrote five books on Asian affairs and U.S. relations with Asia. His last book, Korean Endgame: A Strategy for Reunification and U.S. Disengagement (Princeton University Press), won the 2002 award of the Association of American Publishers for the best Professional/Scholarly Book in Government and Political Science.His outspoken, constructive criticisms of Administration policies often appeared on op-ed pages of many major newspapers, including The Washington Post, The New York Times, the International Herald Tribune, The Los Angeles Times, and The Financial Times.
Career
Harrison graduated from Harvard University (B.A., 1948). Several articles credited to his name were published in The Harvard Crimson between 1945 and 1949. Harrison served as South Asia Correspondent of the Associated Press from 1951 to 1954, in New Delhi, returned as South Asia Bureau Chief of The Washington Post from 1962 to 1965, and served as Northeast Asia Bureau Chief of the Post, based in Tokyo, from 1968 to 1972. From 1974 to 1996, as a senior associate of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, he pursued investigative assignments every year in a variety of countries, especially those where he worked as a journalist, such as India, Pakistan, China, Japan, and the two Koreas. During the late 1970s Harrison conducted field research on the Baluch insurgency and Pashtun nationalism.Harrison worked as managing editor of The New Republic, served as senior fellow in charge of Asian studies at the Brookings Institution, and as a senior fellow at the East–West Center. Harrison was a professorial lecturer in Asian studies at the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies, and an adjunct professor of Asian studies at the Elliott School of International Affairs, George Washington University. Harrison was frequently invited to testify as an expert witness before Congressional committees and lectured at the National Defense University, the National War College and the State Department's Foreign Service Institute. He appeared on The News Hour with Jim Lehrer, Nightline, Morning Edition, and Talk of the Nation.
North Korea
Harrison visited North Korea eleven times, the last time being in January 2009.
In the last week of May 1972, Harrison, representing The Washington Post, and Harrison Salisbury of the New York Times became the first Americans to visit North Korea since the Korean War and to interview Kim Il Sung. Following his second visit to Pyongyang in 1987, Harrison presided over a 1989 Carnegie Endowment symposium that brought together North Korean spokesmen and American specialists and officials for the first time and has reported on this meeting in his Endowment study, Dialogue with North Korea. In 1992, he led a Carnegie Endowment delegation to Pyongyang that learned for the first time that North Korea had reprocessed plutonium.On June 9, 1994, on his fourth visit, he met Kim Il Sung for three hours and won an agreement to the concept of a freeze and eventual dismantlement of the North Korean nuclear program in exchange for U.S. political and economic concessions. President Jimmy Carter, meeting Kim Il Sung a week later, persuaded the North Korean leader to initiate the freeze immediately. This opened the way for negotiations with the U.S. that resulted in the Agreed Framework between the United States of America and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea of October 21, 1994.Harrison favored handling North Korea through diplomacy and advocated normalizing relations, saying "we have got to get into diplomacy, and not go into naval exercises" to resolve tensions on the peninsula, and writing elsewhere that "the United States should move as quickly as possible to normalize relations. Normalization would speed up the denuclearization process." Harrison was especially critical of "hard-liners" in the Bush Administration during the Sunshine Policy era. During the fifth round of the Six-party talks Harrison branded the officials David Addington, J.W. Crouch and Robert Joseph as an "Axis of Evil" within the administration, accusing them of undermining negotiations with North Korea and orchestrating "a campaign to depict North Korea as a “criminal regime” with which normalized relations are not possible." More recently Harrison also characterized South Korean President Lee Myung-bak as a "hard-liner", who had "invited retaliation" from North Korea by reversing the policies of his Sunshine-era predecessors.
Reputation
Harrison's reputation for giving "early warning" of foreign policy crises was well established during his career as a foreign correspondent. In his study of foreign reporting, Between Two Worlds, John Hohenberg, former secretary of the Pulitzer Prize Board, cited Harrison's prediction of the 1965 Indo-Pakistan War 18 months before it happened. Hohenberg wrote: "What Harrison foresaw came to pass, and when it happened, American editors suddenly rose up in their wrath – as they always do at such times – and demanded, 'why weren't we told about all of this?' They had been told at great length, but because too many editors were bored with a place like India, they weren't listening." Terming Harrison "one of the few correspondents in all of Asia who was able to maintain a balanced point of view," Hohenberg called him a model of the "first-rate correspondent who knows the past of the area to which he is assigned, writes with clarity and meaning of the present and has an awareness of the future."
More than a year before the Russians invaded Afghanistan, Harrison warned of this possibility in one of his frequent contributions to the influential journal, Foreign Policy. During the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan, he was one of the earliest to foresee that the Soviet Union would withdraw its forces and become a leading advocate of a two-track policy designed to promote a withdrawal through a combination of military pressure and diplomatic incentives. He was also one of the few who predicted that the Kabul Communist regime would not fall immediately after the withdrawal. Rep. Stephen Solarz, chairman of the House Subcommittee on East Asian and Pacific Affairs, introducing him at a hearing on February 21, 1989, one year after the withdrawal, observed that "with each passing day his reputation as a prophet is enhanced. I am sure it wasn't easy for Mr. Harrison, in the face of a phalanx of analysts, academicians, and others who were all saying the opposite, to maintain his position, but he had the intellectual fortitude and moral strength to stick by his guns, his analytical guns, and I think he deserves credit for that."Some of Harrison's writings on North Korea have been challenged by other voices in the media. B.R. Myers doubted Harrison's assertion that, based on discussions with North Korean officials, there is a long-running "hawks vs. doves" split within its ranks, stating that "there may well be differences of opinion inside the military-first regime, but they almost certainly do not rise to the level of a hawk-dove split, and even if they did, they would never be divulged to outsiders." In the wake of the inter-Korean tensions that followed the North Korean shelling of the South Korean island of Yeonpyeong in November 2010, Harrison proposed that the United States solve the crisis by redrawing the Northern Limit Line southward to a position more favorable to North Korea, with South Korea allowed no veto in the matter. Harrison's editorial was roundly criticized in the pages of the major South Korean newspaper The Chosun Ilbo, and characterized as "simplistic and inaccurate" in The Korea Herald.
Personal life
Selig S. Harrison was married and had two children and four grandchildren.
Death
Harrison died at age 89 from a blood disorder in Camden, Maine on December 30, 2016.
Works
Books authored by Harrison alone
Korean Endgame: A Strategy for Reunification and U.S. Disengagement (Princeton, 2002)
In Afghanistan’s Shadow (Carnegie Endowment, 1981)
The Widening Gulf: Asian Nationalism and American Policy (The Free Press, 1978)
China, Oil, and Asia: Conflict Ahead? (Columbia, 1977)
India: The Most Dangerous Decades (Princeton, 1960)
Books co-authored or edited
co-editor of India and the United States (Macmillan, 1960)
co-author with K. Subrahmanyam of Superpower Rivalry in the Indian Ocean: Indian and American Perspectives (Oxford University Press, 1989)
co-author with Anthony Lake, After the Wars: Reconstruction in Afghanistan, Indochina, Central America, Southern Africa, and the Horn of Africa,(Transaction Publishers, 1990)
co-author with Diego Cordovez of Out of Afghanistan: The Inside Story of the Soviet Withdrawal (Oxford, 1995)
co-editor with Masashi Nishihara, U. N. Peacekeeping: Japanese and American Perspectives, (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1995)
editor of Japan's Nuclear Future: The Plutonium Debate and East Asian Security (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1996)
co-author with Leonard Spector, Nuclear Weapons and the Security of Korea, (Brookings Institution Press, 1997)
co-editor with Paul H. Kreisberg, Dennis Kux & Lee Hamilton, India and Pakistan:The First Fifty Years (Woodrow Wilson Center Press), 1998)
co-editor with Clyde V. Prestowitz of "Miracle": Redefining U.S. Economic and Security Principles (Economic Strategy Institute, 1999)
Pakistan: State of the Union (Center for International Policy, 2009)
References
External links
Biography at Center for International Policy Staff Page
Pakistan: State of the Union (Center for International Policy, 2009)
Latest Articles, Op-Eds, and Speeches by Selig S. Harrison
Selig S. Harrison Quoted in the News
Column Archives at Foreign Affairs
Column Archives at the Financial Times
"Korean Endgame: A Strategy for Reunification and U.S. Disengagement", Princeton University Press,
Column Archives at the New York Times
"White House Removes North Korea From Terrorist List", PBS Newshour, Interview with Selig Harrison, June 26, 2008
A Timeline of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
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place of death
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Selig Seidenman Harrison (March 19, 1927 – December 30, 2016) was a scholar and journalist, who specialized in South Asia and East Asia. He was the Director of the Asia Program and a senior fellow at the Center for International Policy, and a senior scholar of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. He was also a member of the Afghanistan Study Group. He wrote five books on Asian affairs and U.S. relations with Asia. His last book, Korean Endgame: A Strategy for Reunification and U.S. Disengagement (Princeton University Press), won the 2002 award of the Association of American Publishers for the best Professional/Scholarly Book in Government and Political Science.His outspoken, constructive criticisms of Administration policies often appeared on op-ed pages of many major newspapers, including The Washington Post, The New York Times, the International Herald Tribune, The Los Angeles Times, and The Financial Times.
Career
Harrison graduated from Harvard University (B.A., 1948). Several articles credited to his name were published in The Harvard Crimson between 1945 and 1949. Harrison served as South Asia Correspondent of the Associated Press from 1951 to 1954, in New Delhi, returned as South Asia Bureau Chief of The Washington Post from 1962 to 1965, and served as Northeast Asia Bureau Chief of the Post, based in Tokyo, from 1968 to 1972. From 1974 to 1996, as a senior associate of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, he pursued investigative assignments every year in a variety of countries, especially those where he worked as a journalist, such as India, Pakistan, China, Japan, and the two Koreas. During the late 1970s Harrison conducted field research on the Baluch insurgency and Pashtun nationalism.Harrison worked as managing editor of The New Republic, served as senior fellow in charge of Asian studies at the Brookings Institution, and as a senior fellow at the East–West Center. Harrison was a professorial lecturer in Asian studies at the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies, and an adjunct professor of Asian studies at the Elliott School of International Affairs, George Washington University. Harrison was frequently invited to testify as an expert witness before Congressional committees and lectured at the National Defense University, the National War College and the State Department's Foreign Service Institute. He appeared on The News Hour with Jim Lehrer, Nightline, Morning Edition, and Talk of the Nation.
North Korea
Harrison visited North Korea eleven times, the last time being in January 2009.
In the last week of May 1972, Harrison, representing The Washington Post, and Harrison Salisbury of the New York Times became the first Americans to visit North Korea since the Korean War and to interview Kim Il Sung. Following his second visit to Pyongyang in 1987, Harrison presided over a 1989 Carnegie Endowment symposium that brought together North Korean spokesmen and American specialists and officials for the first time and has reported on this meeting in his Endowment study, Dialogue with North Korea. In 1992, he led a Carnegie Endowment delegation to Pyongyang that learned for the first time that North Korea had reprocessed plutonium.On June 9, 1994, on his fourth visit, he met Kim Il Sung for three hours and won an agreement to the concept of a freeze and eventual dismantlement of the North Korean nuclear program in exchange for U.S. political and economic concessions. President Jimmy Carter, meeting Kim Il Sung a week later, persuaded the North Korean leader to initiate the freeze immediately. This opened the way for negotiations with the U.S. that resulted in the Agreed Framework between the United States of America and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea of October 21, 1994.Harrison favored handling North Korea through diplomacy and advocated normalizing relations, saying "we have got to get into diplomacy, and not go into naval exercises" to resolve tensions on the peninsula, and writing elsewhere that "the United States should move as quickly as possible to normalize relations. Normalization would speed up the denuclearization process." Harrison was especially critical of "hard-liners" in the Bush Administration during the Sunshine Policy era. During the fifth round of the Six-party talks Harrison branded the officials David Addington, J.W. Crouch and Robert Joseph as an "Axis of Evil" within the administration, accusing them of undermining negotiations with North Korea and orchestrating "a campaign to depict North Korea as a “criminal regime” with which normalized relations are not possible." More recently Harrison also characterized South Korean President Lee Myung-bak as a "hard-liner", who had "invited retaliation" from North Korea by reversing the policies of his Sunshine-era predecessors.
Reputation
Harrison's reputation for giving "early warning" of foreign policy crises was well established during his career as a foreign correspondent. In his study of foreign reporting, Between Two Worlds, John Hohenberg, former secretary of the Pulitzer Prize Board, cited Harrison's prediction of the 1965 Indo-Pakistan War 18 months before it happened. Hohenberg wrote: "What Harrison foresaw came to pass, and when it happened, American editors suddenly rose up in their wrath – as they always do at such times – and demanded, 'why weren't we told about all of this?' They had been told at great length, but because too many editors were bored with a place like India, they weren't listening." Terming Harrison "one of the few correspondents in all of Asia who was able to maintain a balanced point of view," Hohenberg called him a model of the "first-rate correspondent who knows the past of the area to which he is assigned, writes with clarity and meaning of the present and has an awareness of the future."
More than a year before the Russians invaded Afghanistan, Harrison warned of this possibility in one of his frequent contributions to the influential journal, Foreign Policy. During the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan, he was one of the earliest to foresee that the Soviet Union would withdraw its forces and become a leading advocate of a two-track policy designed to promote a withdrawal through a combination of military pressure and diplomatic incentives. He was also one of the few who predicted that the Kabul Communist regime would not fall immediately after the withdrawal. Rep. Stephen Solarz, chairman of the House Subcommittee on East Asian and Pacific Affairs, introducing him at a hearing on February 21, 1989, one year after the withdrawal, observed that "with each passing day his reputation as a prophet is enhanced. I am sure it wasn't easy for Mr. Harrison, in the face of a phalanx of analysts, academicians, and others who were all saying the opposite, to maintain his position, but he had the intellectual fortitude and moral strength to stick by his guns, his analytical guns, and I think he deserves credit for that."Some of Harrison's writings on North Korea have been challenged by other voices in the media. B.R. Myers doubted Harrison's assertion that, based on discussions with North Korean officials, there is a long-running "hawks vs. doves" split within its ranks, stating that "there may well be differences of opinion inside the military-first regime, but they almost certainly do not rise to the level of a hawk-dove split, and even if they did, they would never be divulged to outsiders." In the wake of the inter-Korean tensions that followed the North Korean shelling of the South Korean island of Yeonpyeong in November 2010, Harrison proposed that the United States solve the crisis by redrawing the Northern Limit Line southward to a position more favorable to North Korea, with South Korea allowed no veto in the matter. Harrison's editorial was roundly criticized in the pages of the major South Korean newspaper The Chosun Ilbo, and characterized as "simplistic and inaccurate" in The Korea Herald.
Personal life
Selig S. Harrison was married and had two children and four grandchildren.
Death
Harrison died at age 89 from a blood disorder in Camden, Maine on December 30, 2016.
Works
Books authored by Harrison alone
Korean Endgame: A Strategy for Reunification and U.S. Disengagement (Princeton, 2002)
In Afghanistan’s Shadow (Carnegie Endowment, 1981)
The Widening Gulf: Asian Nationalism and American Policy (The Free Press, 1978)
China, Oil, and Asia: Conflict Ahead? (Columbia, 1977)
India: The Most Dangerous Decades (Princeton, 1960)
Books co-authored or edited
co-editor of India and the United States (Macmillan, 1960)
co-author with K. Subrahmanyam of Superpower Rivalry in the Indian Ocean: Indian and American Perspectives (Oxford University Press, 1989)
co-author with Anthony Lake, After the Wars: Reconstruction in Afghanistan, Indochina, Central America, Southern Africa, and the Horn of Africa,(Transaction Publishers, 1990)
co-author with Diego Cordovez of Out of Afghanistan: The Inside Story of the Soviet Withdrawal (Oxford, 1995)
co-editor with Masashi Nishihara, U. N. Peacekeeping: Japanese and American Perspectives, (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1995)
editor of Japan's Nuclear Future: The Plutonium Debate and East Asian Security (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1996)
co-author with Leonard Spector, Nuclear Weapons and the Security of Korea, (Brookings Institution Press, 1997)
co-editor with Paul H. Kreisberg, Dennis Kux & Lee Hamilton, India and Pakistan:The First Fifty Years (Woodrow Wilson Center Press), 1998)
co-editor with Clyde V. Prestowitz of "Miracle": Redefining U.S. Economic and Security Principles (Economic Strategy Institute, 1999)
Pakistan: State of the Union (Center for International Policy, 2009)
References
External links
Biography at Center for International Policy Staff Page
Pakistan: State of the Union (Center for International Policy, 2009)
Latest Articles, Op-Eds, and Speeches by Selig S. Harrison
Selig S. Harrison Quoted in the News
Column Archives at Foreign Affairs
Column Archives at the Financial Times
"Korean Endgame: A Strategy for Reunification and U.S. Disengagement", Princeton University Press,
Column Archives at the New York Times
"White House Removes North Korea From Terrorist List", PBS Newshour, Interview with Selig Harrison, June 26, 2008
A Timeline of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
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Selig Seidenman Harrison (March 19, 1927 – December 30, 2016) was a scholar and journalist, who specialized in South Asia and East Asia. He was the Director of the Asia Program and a senior fellow at the Center for International Policy, and a senior scholar of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. He was also a member of the Afghanistan Study Group. He wrote five books on Asian affairs and U.S. relations with Asia. His last book, Korean Endgame: A Strategy for Reunification and U.S. Disengagement (Princeton University Press), won the 2002 award of the Association of American Publishers for the best Professional/Scholarly Book in Government and Political Science.His outspoken, constructive criticisms of Administration policies often appeared on op-ed pages of many major newspapers, including The Washington Post, The New York Times, the International Herald Tribune, The Los Angeles Times, and The Financial Times.
Career
Harrison graduated from Harvard University (B.A., 1948). Several articles credited to his name were published in The Harvard Crimson between 1945 and 1949. Harrison served as South Asia Correspondent of the Associated Press from 1951 to 1954, in New Delhi, returned as South Asia Bureau Chief of The Washington Post from 1962 to 1965, and served as Northeast Asia Bureau Chief of the Post, based in Tokyo, from 1968 to 1972. From 1974 to 1996, as a senior associate of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, he pursued investigative assignments every year in a variety of countries, especially those where he worked as a journalist, such as India, Pakistan, China, Japan, and the two Koreas. During the late 1970s Harrison conducted field research on the Baluch insurgency and Pashtun nationalism.Harrison worked as managing editor of The New Republic, served as senior fellow in charge of Asian studies at the Brookings Institution, and as a senior fellow at the East–West Center. Harrison was a professorial lecturer in Asian studies at the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies, and an adjunct professor of Asian studies at the Elliott School of International Affairs, George Washington University. Harrison was frequently invited to testify as an expert witness before Congressional committees and lectured at the National Defense University, the National War College and the State Department's Foreign Service Institute. He appeared on The News Hour with Jim Lehrer, Nightline, Morning Edition, and Talk of the Nation.
North Korea
Harrison visited North Korea eleven times, the last time being in January 2009.
In the last week of May 1972, Harrison, representing The Washington Post, and Harrison Salisbury of the New York Times became the first Americans to visit North Korea since the Korean War and to interview Kim Il Sung. Following his second visit to Pyongyang in 1987, Harrison presided over a 1989 Carnegie Endowment symposium that brought together North Korean spokesmen and American specialists and officials for the first time and has reported on this meeting in his Endowment study, Dialogue with North Korea. In 1992, he led a Carnegie Endowment delegation to Pyongyang that learned for the first time that North Korea had reprocessed plutonium.On June 9, 1994, on his fourth visit, he met Kim Il Sung for three hours and won an agreement to the concept of a freeze and eventual dismantlement of the North Korean nuclear program in exchange for U.S. political and economic concessions. President Jimmy Carter, meeting Kim Il Sung a week later, persuaded the North Korean leader to initiate the freeze immediately. This opened the way for negotiations with the U.S. that resulted in the Agreed Framework between the United States of America and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea of October 21, 1994.Harrison favored handling North Korea through diplomacy and advocated normalizing relations, saying "we have got to get into diplomacy, and not go into naval exercises" to resolve tensions on the peninsula, and writing elsewhere that "the United States should move as quickly as possible to normalize relations. Normalization would speed up the denuclearization process." Harrison was especially critical of "hard-liners" in the Bush Administration during the Sunshine Policy era. During the fifth round of the Six-party talks Harrison branded the officials David Addington, J.W. Crouch and Robert Joseph as an "Axis of Evil" within the administration, accusing them of undermining negotiations with North Korea and orchestrating "a campaign to depict North Korea as a “criminal regime” with which normalized relations are not possible." More recently Harrison also characterized South Korean President Lee Myung-bak as a "hard-liner", who had "invited retaliation" from North Korea by reversing the policies of his Sunshine-era predecessors.
Reputation
Harrison's reputation for giving "early warning" of foreign policy crises was well established during his career as a foreign correspondent. In his study of foreign reporting, Between Two Worlds, John Hohenberg, former secretary of the Pulitzer Prize Board, cited Harrison's prediction of the 1965 Indo-Pakistan War 18 months before it happened. Hohenberg wrote: "What Harrison foresaw came to pass, and when it happened, American editors suddenly rose up in their wrath – as they always do at such times – and demanded, 'why weren't we told about all of this?' They had been told at great length, but because too many editors were bored with a place like India, they weren't listening." Terming Harrison "one of the few correspondents in all of Asia who was able to maintain a balanced point of view," Hohenberg called him a model of the "first-rate correspondent who knows the past of the area to which he is assigned, writes with clarity and meaning of the present and has an awareness of the future."
More than a year before the Russians invaded Afghanistan, Harrison warned of this possibility in one of his frequent contributions to the influential journal, Foreign Policy. During the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan, he was one of the earliest to foresee that the Soviet Union would withdraw its forces and become a leading advocate of a two-track policy designed to promote a withdrawal through a combination of military pressure and diplomatic incentives. He was also one of the few who predicted that the Kabul Communist regime would not fall immediately after the withdrawal. Rep. Stephen Solarz, chairman of the House Subcommittee on East Asian and Pacific Affairs, introducing him at a hearing on February 21, 1989, one year after the withdrawal, observed that "with each passing day his reputation as a prophet is enhanced. I am sure it wasn't easy for Mr. Harrison, in the face of a phalanx of analysts, academicians, and others who were all saying the opposite, to maintain his position, but he had the intellectual fortitude and moral strength to stick by his guns, his analytical guns, and I think he deserves credit for that."Some of Harrison's writings on North Korea have been challenged by other voices in the media. B.R. Myers doubted Harrison's assertion that, based on discussions with North Korean officials, there is a long-running "hawks vs. doves" split within its ranks, stating that "there may well be differences of opinion inside the military-first regime, but they almost certainly do not rise to the level of a hawk-dove split, and even if they did, they would never be divulged to outsiders." In the wake of the inter-Korean tensions that followed the North Korean shelling of the South Korean island of Yeonpyeong in November 2010, Harrison proposed that the United States solve the crisis by redrawing the Northern Limit Line southward to a position more favorable to North Korea, with South Korea allowed no veto in the matter. Harrison's editorial was roundly criticized in the pages of the major South Korean newspaper The Chosun Ilbo, and characterized as "simplistic and inaccurate" in The Korea Herald.
Personal life
Selig S. Harrison was married and had two children and four grandchildren.
Death
Harrison died at age 89 from a blood disorder in Camden, Maine on December 30, 2016.
Works
Books authored by Harrison alone
Korean Endgame: A Strategy for Reunification and U.S. Disengagement (Princeton, 2002)
In Afghanistan’s Shadow (Carnegie Endowment, 1981)
The Widening Gulf: Asian Nationalism and American Policy (The Free Press, 1978)
China, Oil, and Asia: Conflict Ahead? (Columbia, 1977)
India: The Most Dangerous Decades (Princeton, 1960)
Books co-authored or edited
co-editor of India and the United States (Macmillan, 1960)
co-author with K. Subrahmanyam of Superpower Rivalry in the Indian Ocean: Indian and American Perspectives (Oxford University Press, 1989)
co-author with Anthony Lake, After the Wars: Reconstruction in Afghanistan, Indochina, Central America, Southern Africa, and the Horn of Africa,(Transaction Publishers, 1990)
co-author with Diego Cordovez of Out of Afghanistan: The Inside Story of the Soviet Withdrawal (Oxford, 1995)
co-editor with Masashi Nishihara, U. N. Peacekeeping: Japanese and American Perspectives, (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1995)
editor of Japan's Nuclear Future: The Plutonium Debate and East Asian Security (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1996)
co-author with Leonard Spector, Nuclear Weapons and the Security of Korea, (Brookings Institution Press, 1997)
co-editor with Paul H. Kreisberg, Dennis Kux & Lee Hamilton, India and Pakistan:The First Fifty Years (Woodrow Wilson Center Press), 1998)
co-editor with Clyde V. Prestowitz of "Miracle": Redefining U.S. Economic and Security Principles (Economic Strategy Institute, 1999)
Pakistan: State of the Union (Center for International Policy, 2009)
References
External links
Biography at Center for International Policy Staff Page
Pakistan: State of the Union (Center for International Policy, 2009)
Latest Articles, Op-Eds, and Speeches by Selig S. Harrison
Selig S. Harrison Quoted in the News
Column Archives at Foreign Affairs
Column Archives at the Financial Times
"Korean Endgame: A Strategy for Reunification and U.S. Disengagement", Princeton University Press,
Column Archives at the New York Times
"White House Removes North Korea From Terrorist List", PBS Newshour, Interview with Selig Harrison, June 26, 2008
A Timeline of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
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Selig Seidenman Harrison (March 19, 1927 – December 30, 2016) was a scholar and journalist, who specialized in South Asia and East Asia. He was the Director of the Asia Program and a senior fellow at the Center for International Policy, and a senior scholar of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. He was also a member of the Afghanistan Study Group. He wrote five books on Asian affairs and U.S. relations with Asia. His last book, Korean Endgame: A Strategy for Reunification and U.S. Disengagement (Princeton University Press), won the 2002 award of the Association of American Publishers for the best Professional/Scholarly Book in Government and Political Science.His outspoken, constructive criticisms of Administration policies often appeared on op-ed pages of many major newspapers, including The Washington Post, The New York Times, the International Herald Tribune, The Los Angeles Times, and The Financial Times.
Career
Harrison graduated from Harvard University (B.A., 1948). Several articles credited to his name were published in The Harvard Crimson between 1945 and 1949. Harrison served as South Asia Correspondent of the Associated Press from 1951 to 1954, in New Delhi, returned as South Asia Bureau Chief of The Washington Post from 1962 to 1965, and served as Northeast Asia Bureau Chief of the Post, based in Tokyo, from 1968 to 1972. From 1974 to 1996, as a senior associate of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, he pursued investigative assignments every year in a variety of countries, especially those where he worked as a journalist, such as India, Pakistan, China, Japan, and the two Koreas. During the late 1970s Harrison conducted field research on the Baluch insurgency and Pashtun nationalism.Harrison worked as managing editor of The New Republic, served as senior fellow in charge of Asian studies at the Brookings Institution, and as a senior fellow at the East–West Center. Harrison was a professorial lecturer in Asian studies at the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies, and an adjunct professor of Asian studies at the Elliott School of International Affairs, George Washington University. Harrison was frequently invited to testify as an expert witness before Congressional committees and lectured at the National Defense University, the National War College and the State Department's Foreign Service Institute. He appeared on The News Hour with Jim Lehrer, Nightline, Morning Edition, and Talk of the Nation.
North Korea
Harrison visited North Korea eleven times, the last time being in January 2009.
In the last week of May 1972, Harrison, representing The Washington Post, and Harrison Salisbury of the New York Times became the first Americans to visit North Korea since the Korean War and to interview Kim Il Sung. Following his second visit to Pyongyang in 1987, Harrison presided over a 1989 Carnegie Endowment symposium that brought together North Korean spokesmen and American specialists and officials for the first time and has reported on this meeting in his Endowment study, Dialogue with North Korea. In 1992, he led a Carnegie Endowment delegation to Pyongyang that learned for the first time that North Korea had reprocessed plutonium.On June 9, 1994, on his fourth visit, he met Kim Il Sung for three hours and won an agreement to the concept of a freeze and eventual dismantlement of the North Korean nuclear program in exchange for U.S. political and economic concessions. President Jimmy Carter, meeting Kim Il Sung a week later, persuaded the North Korean leader to initiate the freeze immediately. This opened the way for negotiations with the U.S. that resulted in the Agreed Framework between the United States of America and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea of October 21, 1994.Harrison favored handling North Korea through diplomacy and advocated normalizing relations, saying "we have got to get into diplomacy, and not go into naval exercises" to resolve tensions on the peninsula, and writing elsewhere that "the United States should move as quickly as possible to normalize relations. Normalization would speed up the denuclearization process." Harrison was especially critical of "hard-liners" in the Bush Administration during the Sunshine Policy era. During the fifth round of the Six-party talks Harrison branded the officials David Addington, J.W. Crouch and Robert Joseph as an "Axis of Evil" within the administration, accusing them of undermining negotiations with North Korea and orchestrating "a campaign to depict North Korea as a “criminal regime” with which normalized relations are not possible." More recently Harrison also characterized South Korean President Lee Myung-bak as a "hard-liner", who had "invited retaliation" from North Korea by reversing the policies of his Sunshine-era predecessors.
Reputation
Harrison's reputation for giving "early warning" of foreign policy crises was well established during his career as a foreign correspondent. In his study of foreign reporting, Between Two Worlds, John Hohenberg, former secretary of the Pulitzer Prize Board, cited Harrison's prediction of the 1965 Indo-Pakistan War 18 months before it happened. Hohenberg wrote: "What Harrison foresaw came to pass, and when it happened, American editors suddenly rose up in their wrath – as they always do at such times – and demanded, 'why weren't we told about all of this?' They had been told at great length, but because too many editors were bored with a place like India, they weren't listening." Terming Harrison "one of the few correspondents in all of Asia who was able to maintain a balanced point of view," Hohenberg called him a model of the "first-rate correspondent who knows the past of the area to which he is assigned, writes with clarity and meaning of the present and has an awareness of the future."
More than a year before the Russians invaded Afghanistan, Harrison warned of this possibility in one of his frequent contributions to the influential journal, Foreign Policy. During the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan, he was one of the earliest to foresee that the Soviet Union would withdraw its forces and become a leading advocate of a two-track policy designed to promote a withdrawal through a combination of military pressure and diplomatic incentives. He was also one of the few who predicted that the Kabul Communist regime would not fall immediately after the withdrawal. Rep. Stephen Solarz, chairman of the House Subcommittee on East Asian and Pacific Affairs, introducing him at a hearing on February 21, 1989, one year after the withdrawal, observed that "with each passing day his reputation as a prophet is enhanced. I am sure it wasn't easy for Mr. Harrison, in the face of a phalanx of analysts, academicians, and others who were all saying the opposite, to maintain his position, but he had the intellectual fortitude and moral strength to stick by his guns, his analytical guns, and I think he deserves credit for that."Some of Harrison's writings on North Korea have been challenged by other voices in the media. B.R. Myers doubted Harrison's assertion that, based on discussions with North Korean officials, there is a long-running "hawks vs. doves" split within its ranks, stating that "there may well be differences of opinion inside the military-first regime, but they almost certainly do not rise to the level of a hawk-dove split, and even if they did, they would never be divulged to outsiders." In the wake of the inter-Korean tensions that followed the North Korean shelling of the South Korean island of Yeonpyeong in November 2010, Harrison proposed that the United States solve the crisis by redrawing the Northern Limit Line southward to a position more favorable to North Korea, with South Korea allowed no veto in the matter. Harrison's editorial was roundly criticized in the pages of the major South Korean newspaper The Chosun Ilbo, and characterized as "simplistic and inaccurate" in The Korea Herald.
Personal life
Selig S. Harrison was married and had two children and four grandchildren.
Death
Harrison died at age 89 from a blood disorder in Camden, Maine on December 30, 2016.
Works
Books authored by Harrison alone
Korean Endgame: A Strategy for Reunification and U.S. Disengagement (Princeton, 2002)
In Afghanistan’s Shadow (Carnegie Endowment, 1981)
The Widening Gulf: Asian Nationalism and American Policy (The Free Press, 1978)
China, Oil, and Asia: Conflict Ahead? (Columbia, 1977)
India: The Most Dangerous Decades (Princeton, 1960)
Books co-authored or edited
co-editor of India and the United States (Macmillan, 1960)
co-author with K. Subrahmanyam of Superpower Rivalry in the Indian Ocean: Indian and American Perspectives (Oxford University Press, 1989)
co-author with Anthony Lake, After the Wars: Reconstruction in Afghanistan, Indochina, Central America, Southern Africa, and the Horn of Africa,(Transaction Publishers, 1990)
co-author with Diego Cordovez of Out of Afghanistan: The Inside Story of the Soviet Withdrawal (Oxford, 1995)
co-editor with Masashi Nishihara, U. N. Peacekeeping: Japanese and American Perspectives, (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1995)
editor of Japan's Nuclear Future: The Plutonium Debate and East Asian Security (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1996)
co-author with Leonard Spector, Nuclear Weapons and the Security of Korea, (Brookings Institution Press, 1997)
co-editor with Paul H. Kreisberg, Dennis Kux & Lee Hamilton, India and Pakistan:The First Fifty Years (Woodrow Wilson Center Press), 1998)
co-editor with Clyde V. Prestowitz of "Miracle": Redefining U.S. Economic and Security Principles (Economic Strategy Institute, 1999)
Pakistan: State of the Union (Center for International Policy, 2009)
References
External links
Biography at Center for International Policy Staff Page
Pakistan: State of the Union (Center for International Policy, 2009)
Latest Articles, Op-Eds, and Speeches by Selig S. Harrison
Selig S. Harrison Quoted in the News
Column Archives at Foreign Affairs
Column Archives at the Financial Times
"Korean Endgame: A Strategy for Reunification and U.S. Disengagement", Princeton University Press,
Column Archives at the New York Times
"White House Removes North Korea From Terrorist List", PBS Newshour, Interview with Selig Harrison, June 26, 2008
A Timeline of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
|
occupation
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Selig Seidenman Harrison (March 19, 1927 – December 30, 2016) was a scholar and journalist, who specialized in South Asia and East Asia. He was the Director of the Asia Program and a senior fellow at the Center for International Policy, and a senior scholar of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. He was also a member of the Afghanistan Study Group. He wrote five books on Asian affairs and U.S. relations with Asia. His last book, Korean Endgame: A Strategy for Reunification and U.S. Disengagement (Princeton University Press), won the 2002 award of the Association of American Publishers for the best Professional/Scholarly Book in Government and Political Science.His outspoken, constructive criticisms of Administration policies often appeared on op-ed pages of many major newspapers, including The Washington Post, The New York Times, the International Herald Tribune, The Los Angeles Times, and The Financial Times.
Career
Harrison graduated from Harvard University (B.A., 1948). Several articles credited to his name were published in The Harvard Crimson between 1945 and 1949. Harrison served as South Asia Correspondent of the Associated Press from 1951 to 1954, in New Delhi, returned as South Asia Bureau Chief of The Washington Post from 1962 to 1965, and served as Northeast Asia Bureau Chief of the Post, based in Tokyo, from 1968 to 1972. From 1974 to 1996, as a senior associate of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, he pursued investigative assignments every year in a variety of countries, especially those where he worked as a journalist, such as India, Pakistan, China, Japan, and the two Koreas. During the late 1970s Harrison conducted field research on the Baluch insurgency and Pashtun nationalism.Harrison worked as managing editor of The New Republic, served as senior fellow in charge of Asian studies at the Brookings Institution, and as a senior fellow at the East–West Center. Harrison was a professorial lecturer in Asian studies at the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies, and an adjunct professor of Asian studies at the Elliott School of International Affairs, George Washington University. Harrison was frequently invited to testify as an expert witness before Congressional committees and lectured at the National Defense University, the National War College and the State Department's Foreign Service Institute. He appeared on The News Hour with Jim Lehrer, Nightline, Morning Edition, and Talk of the Nation.
North Korea
Harrison visited North Korea eleven times, the last time being in January 2009.
In the last week of May 1972, Harrison, representing The Washington Post, and Harrison Salisbury of the New York Times became the first Americans to visit North Korea since the Korean War and to interview Kim Il Sung. Following his second visit to Pyongyang in 1987, Harrison presided over a 1989 Carnegie Endowment symposium that brought together North Korean spokesmen and American specialists and officials for the first time and has reported on this meeting in his Endowment study, Dialogue with North Korea. In 1992, he led a Carnegie Endowment delegation to Pyongyang that learned for the first time that North Korea had reprocessed plutonium.On June 9, 1994, on his fourth visit, he met Kim Il Sung for three hours and won an agreement to the concept of a freeze and eventual dismantlement of the North Korean nuclear program in exchange for U.S. political and economic concessions. President Jimmy Carter, meeting Kim Il Sung a week later, persuaded the North Korean leader to initiate the freeze immediately. This opened the way for negotiations with the U.S. that resulted in the Agreed Framework between the United States of America and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea of October 21, 1994.Harrison favored handling North Korea through diplomacy and advocated normalizing relations, saying "we have got to get into diplomacy, and not go into naval exercises" to resolve tensions on the peninsula, and writing elsewhere that "the United States should move as quickly as possible to normalize relations. Normalization would speed up the denuclearization process." Harrison was especially critical of "hard-liners" in the Bush Administration during the Sunshine Policy era. During the fifth round of the Six-party talks Harrison branded the officials David Addington, J.W. Crouch and Robert Joseph as an "Axis of Evil" within the administration, accusing them of undermining negotiations with North Korea and orchestrating "a campaign to depict North Korea as a “criminal regime” with which normalized relations are not possible." More recently Harrison also characterized South Korean President Lee Myung-bak as a "hard-liner", who had "invited retaliation" from North Korea by reversing the policies of his Sunshine-era predecessors.
Reputation
Harrison's reputation for giving "early warning" of foreign policy crises was well established during his career as a foreign correspondent. In his study of foreign reporting, Between Two Worlds, John Hohenberg, former secretary of the Pulitzer Prize Board, cited Harrison's prediction of the 1965 Indo-Pakistan War 18 months before it happened. Hohenberg wrote: "What Harrison foresaw came to pass, and when it happened, American editors suddenly rose up in their wrath – as they always do at such times – and demanded, 'why weren't we told about all of this?' They had been told at great length, but because too many editors were bored with a place like India, they weren't listening." Terming Harrison "one of the few correspondents in all of Asia who was able to maintain a balanced point of view," Hohenberg called him a model of the "first-rate correspondent who knows the past of the area to which he is assigned, writes with clarity and meaning of the present and has an awareness of the future."
More than a year before the Russians invaded Afghanistan, Harrison warned of this possibility in one of his frequent contributions to the influential journal, Foreign Policy. During the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan, he was one of the earliest to foresee that the Soviet Union would withdraw its forces and become a leading advocate of a two-track policy designed to promote a withdrawal through a combination of military pressure and diplomatic incentives. He was also one of the few who predicted that the Kabul Communist regime would not fall immediately after the withdrawal. Rep. Stephen Solarz, chairman of the House Subcommittee on East Asian and Pacific Affairs, introducing him at a hearing on February 21, 1989, one year after the withdrawal, observed that "with each passing day his reputation as a prophet is enhanced. I am sure it wasn't easy for Mr. Harrison, in the face of a phalanx of analysts, academicians, and others who were all saying the opposite, to maintain his position, but he had the intellectual fortitude and moral strength to stick by his guns, his analytical guns, and I think he deserves credit for that."Some of Harrison's writings on North Korea have been challenged by other voices in the media. B.R. Myers doubted Harrison's assertion that, based on discussions with North Korean officials, there is a long-running "hawks vs. doves" split within its ranks, stating that "there may well be differences of opinion inside the military-first regime, but they almost certainly do not rise to the level of a hawk-dove split, and even if they did, they would never be divulged to outsiders." In the wake of the inter-Korean tensions that followed the North Korean shelling of the South Korean island of Yeonpyeong in November 2010, Harrison proposed that the United States solve the crisis by redrawing the Northern Limit Line southward to a position more favorable to North Korea, with South Korea allowed no veto in the matter. Harrison's editorial was roundly criticized in the pages of the major South Korean newspaper The Chosun Ilbo, and characterized as "simplistic and inaccurate" in The Korea Herald.
Personal life
Selig S. Harrison was married and had two children and four grandchildren.
Death
Harrison died at age 89 from a blood disorder in Camden, Maine on December 30, 2016.
Works
Books authored by Harrison alone
Korean Endgame: A Strategy for Reunification and U.S. Disengagement (Princeton, 2002)
In Afghanistan’s Shadow (Carnegie Endowment, 1981)
The Widening Gulf: Asian Nationalism and American Policy (The Free Press, 1978)
China, Oil, and Asia: Conflict Ahead? (Columbia, 1977)
India: The Most Dangerous Decades (Princeton, 1960)
Books co-authored or edited
co-editor of India and the United States (Macmillan, 1960)
co-author with K. Subrahmanyam of Superpower Rivalry in the Indian Ocean: Indian and American Perspectives (Oxford University Press, 1989)
co-author with Anthony Lake, After the Wars: Reconstruction in Afghanistan, Indochina, Central America, Southern Africa, and the Horn of Africa,(Transaction Publishers, 1990)
co-author with Diego Cordovez of Out of Afghanistan: The Inside Story of the Soviet Withdrawal (Oxford, 1995)
co-editor with Masashi Nishihara, U. N. Peacekeeping: Japanese and American Perspectives, (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1995)
editor of Japan's Nuclear Future: The Plutonium Debate and East Asian Security (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1996)
co-author with Leonard Spector, Nuclear Weapons and the Security of Korea, (Brookings Institution Press, 1997)
co-editor with Paul H. Kreisberg, Dennis Kux & Lee Hamilton, India and Pakistan:The First Fifty Years (Woodrow Wilson Center Press), 1998)
co-editor with Clyde V. Prestowitz of "Miracle": Redefining U.S. Economic and Security Principles (Economic Strategy Institute, 1999)
Pakistan: State of the Union (Center for International Policy, 2009)
References
External links
Biography at Center for International Policy Staff Page
Pakistan: State of the Union (Center for International Policy, 2009)
Latest Articles, Op-Eds, and Speeches by Selig S. Harrison
Selig S. Harrison Quoted in the News
Column Archives at Foreign Affairs
Column Archives at the Financial Times
"Korean Endgame: A Strategy for Reunification and U.S. Disengagement", Princeton University Press,
Column Archives at the New York Times
"White House Removes North Korea From Terrorist List", PBS Newshour, Interview with Selig Harrison, June 26, 2008
A Timeline of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
|
family name
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Moneilema blapsides is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Newman in 1838.
== References ==
|
taxon rank
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25
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"text": [
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Moneilema blapsides is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Newman in 1838.
== References ==
|
parent taxon
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{
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0
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"Moneilema"
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Moneilema blapsides is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Newman in 1838.
== References ==
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taxon name
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{
"answer_start": [
0
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"text": [
"Moneilema blapsides"
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Yaminué is a village and municipality in Río Negro Province in Argentina.
== References ==
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
63
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"text": [
"Argentina"
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Yaminué is a village and municipality in Río Negro Province in Argentina.
== References ==
|
located in the administrative territorial entity
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{
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"Río Negro"
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Esther Driver du Pont, Lady Thouron (January 21, 1908 – March 24, 1984) was an American horse breeder and philanthropist who created the Thouron Award with her husband, Sir John R.H. Thouron KBE.
Biography
Born in Wilmington, Delaware, she was a member of the wealthy Du Pont family, one of eight children born to Lammot du Pont II and Natalie Driver Wilson.
From 1928 to 1939, she was married to Campbell Weir. In 1953, she married for a second time to John Rupert Hunt Thouron, a native of Cookham in Berkshire, England. In 1960, they established the Thouron Scholars Program of student exchanges between the University of Pennsylvania and leading universities in the United Kingdom. In 1967, she received an Honorary Doctorate in Humane Letters from the University of Pennsylvania in recognition of her work.
Thoroughbred horse racing
Esther du Pont and her husband owned a large estate near Unionville, Chester County, Pennsylvania they called "Doe Run." Like other du Pont family members such as William duPont, Jr., Allaire du Pont, Marion duPont Scott, Jane du Pont Lunger, and Alice du Pont Mills, Esther du Pont too became a fan of thoroughbred horse racing. She bred and raced a number of horses for both flat racing and steeplechase events. In 1944, her horse Burma Road won the most prestigious steeplechase race in the United States, the American Grand National and in flat racing, her colt Royal Vale won the 1953 Massachusetts Handicap.
Esther du Pont Thouron helped build the clinic and hospital at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine's New Bolton Center. In 1966, her contribution to the industry was recognized by the Thoroughbred Owners and Breeders Association who awarded her its Lady's Sportsmanship Award.
Death
Esther du Pont Thouron died at her winter home in Florida on March 24, 1984, at age 76.
References
External links
Thouron Award Website
|
place of birth
|
{
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215
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|
Esther Driver du Pont, Lady Thouron (January 21, 1908 – March 24, 1984) was an American horse breeder and philanthropist who created the Thouron Award with her husband, Sir John R.H. Thouron KBE.
Biography
Born in Wilmington, Delaware, she was a member of the wealthy Du Pont family, one of eight children born to Lammot du Pont II and Natalie Driver Wilson.
From 1928 to 1939, she was married to Campbell Weir. In 1953, she married for a second time to John Rupert Hunt Thouron, a native of Cookham in Berkshire, England. In 1960, they established the Thouron Scholars Program of student exchanges between the University of Pennsylvania and leading universities in the United Kingdom. In 1967, she received an Honorary Doctorate in Humane Letters from the University of Pennsylvania in recognition of her work.
Thoroughbred horse racing
Esther du Pont and her husband owned a large estate near Unionville, Chester County, Pennsylvania they called "Doe Run." Like other du Pont family members such as William duPont, Jr., Allaire du Pont, Marion duPont Scott, Jane du Pont Lunger, and Alice du Pont Mills, Esther du Pont too became a fan of thoroughbred horse racing. She bred and raced a number of horses for both flat racing and steeplechase events. In 1944, her horse Burma Road won the most prestigious steeplechase race in the United States, the American Grand National and in flat racing, her colt Royal Vale won the 1953 Massachusetts Handicap.
Esther du Pont Thouron helped build the clinic and hospital at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine's New Bolton Center. In 1966, her contribution to the industry was recognized by the Thoroughbred Owners and Breeders Association who awarded her its Lady's Sportsmanship Award.
Death
Esther du Pont Thouron died at her winter home in Florida on March 24, 1984, at age 76.
References
External links
Thouron Award Website
|
place of death
|
{
"answer_start": [
626
],
"text": [
"Pennsylvania"
]
}
|
Esther Driver du Pont, Lady Thouron (January 21, 1908 – March 24, 1984) was an American horse breeder and philanthropist who created the Thouron Award with her husband, Sir John R.H. Thouron KBE.
Biography
Born in Wilmington, Delaware, she was a member of the wealthy Du Pont family, one of eight children born to Lammot du Pont II and Natalie Driver Wilson.
From 1928 to 1939, she was married to Campbell Weir. In 1953, she married for a second time to John Rupert Hunt Thouron, a native of Cookham in Berkshire, England. In 1960, they established the Thouron Scholars Program of student exchanges between the University of Pennsylvania and leading universities in the United Kingdom. In 1967, she received an Honorary Doctorate in Humane Letters from the University of Pennsylvania in recognition of her work.
Thoroughbred horse racing
Esther du Pont and her husband owned a large estate near Unionville, Chester County, Pennsylvania they called "Doe Run." Like other du Pont family members such as William duPont, Jr., Allaire du Pont, Marion duPont Scott, Jane du Pont Lunger, and Alice du Pont Mills, Esther du Pont too became a fan of thoroughbred horse racing. She bred and raced a number of horses for both flat racing and steeplechase events. In 1944, her horse Burma Road won the most prestigious steeplechase race in the United States, the American Grand National and in flat racing, her colt Royal Vale won the 1953 Massachusetts Handicap.
Esther du Pont Thouron helped build the clinic and hospital at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine's New Bolton Center. In 1966, her contribution to the industry was recognized by the Thoroughbred Owners and Breeders Association who awarded her its Lady's Sportsmanship Award.
Death
Esther du Pont Thouron died at her winter home in Florida on March 24, 1984, at age 76.
References
External links
Thouron Award Website
|
father
|
{
"answer_start": [
315
],
"text": [
"Lammot du Pont II"
]
}
|
Esther Driver du Pont, Lady Thouron (January 21, 1908 – March 24, 1984) was an American horse breeder and philanthropist who created the Thouron Award with her husband, Sir John R.H. Thouron KBE.
Biography
Born in Wilmington, Delaware, she was a member of the wealthy Du Pont family, one of eight children born to Lammot du Pont II and Natalie Driver Wilson.
From 1928 to 1939, she was married to Campbell Weir. In 1953, she married for a second time to John Rupert Hunt Thouron, a native of Cookham in Berkshire, England. In 1960, they established the Thouron Scholars Program of student exchanges between the University of Pennsylvania and leading universities in the United Kingdom. In 1967, she received an Honorary Doctorate in Humane Letters from the University of Pennsylvania in recognition of her work.
Thoroughbred horse racing
Esther du Pont and her husband owned a large estate near Unionville, Chester County, Pennsylvania they called "Doe Run." Like other du Pont family members such as William duPont, Jr., Allaire du Pont, Marion duPont Scott, Jane du Pont Lunger, and Alice du Pont Mills, Esther du Pont too became a fan of thoroughbred horse racing. She bred and raced a number of horses for both flat racing and steeplechase events. In 1944, her horse Burma Road won the most prestigious steeplechase race in the United States, the American Grand National and in flat racing, her colt Royal Vale won the 1953 Massachusetts Handicap.
Esther du Pont Thouron helped build the clinic and hospital at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine's New Bolton Center. In 1966, her contribution to the industry was recognized by the Thoroughbred Owners and Breeders Association who awarded her its Lady's Sportsmanship Award.
Death
Esther du Pont Thouron died at her winter home in Florida on March 24, 1984, at age 76.
References
External links
Thouron Award Website
|
occupation
|
{
"answer_start": [
106
],
"text": [
"philanthropist"
]
}
|
Esther Driver du Pont, Lady Thouron (January 21, 1908 – March 24, 1984) was an American horse breeder and philanthropist who created the Thouron Award with her husband, Sir John R.H. Thouron KBE.
Biography
Born in Wilmington, Delaware, she was a member of the wealthy Du Pont family, one of eight children born to Lammot du Pont II and Natalie Driver Wilson.
From 1928 to 1939, she was married to Campbell Weir. In 1953, she married for a second time to John Rupert Hunt Thouron, a native of Cookham in Berkshire, England. In 1960, they established the Thouron Scholars Program of student exchanges between the University of Pennsylvania and leading universities in the United Kingdom. In 1967, she received an Honorary Doctorate in Humane Letters from the University of Pennsylvania in recognition of her work.
Thoroughbred horse racing
Esther du Pont and her husband owned a large estate near Unionville, Chester County, Pennsylvania they called "Doe Run." Like other du Pont family members such as William duPont, Jr., Allaire du Pont, Marion duPont Scott, Jane du Pont Lunger, and Alice du Pont Mills, Esther du Pont too became a fan of thoroughbred horse racing. She bred and raced a number of horses for both flat racing and steeplechase events. In 1944, her horse Burma Road won the most prestigious steeplechase race in the United States, the American Grand National and in flat racing, her colt Royal Vale won the 1953 Massachusetts Handicap.
Esther du Pont Thouron helped build the clinic and hospital at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine's New Bolton Center. In 1966, her contribution to the industry was recognized by the Thoroughbred Owners and Breeders Association who awarded her its Lady's Sportsmanship Award.
Death
Esther du Pont Thouron died at her winter home in Florida on March 24, 1984, at age 76.
References
External links
Thouron Award Website
|
residence
|
{
"answer_start": [
897
],
"text": [
"Unionville"
]
}
|
Esther Driver du Pont, Lady Thouron (January 21, 1908 – March 24, 1984) was an American horse breeder and philanthropist who created the Thouron Award with her husband, Sir John R.H. Thouron KBE.
Biography
Born in Wilmington, Delaware, she was a member of the wealthy Du Pont family, one of eight children born to Lammot du Pont II and Natalie Driver Wilson.
From 1928 to 1939, she was married to Campbell Weir. In 1953, she married for a second time to John Rupert Hunt Thouron, a native of Cookham in Berkshire, England. In 1960, they established the Thouron Scholars Program of student exchanges between the University of Pennsylvania and leading universities in the United Kingdom. In 1967, she received an Honorary Doctorate in Humane Letters from the University of Pennsylvania in recognition of her work.
Thoroughbred horse racing
Esther du Pont and her husband owned a large estate near Unionville, Chester County, Pennsylvania they called "Doe Run." Like other du Pont family members such as William duPont, Jr., Allaire du Pont, Marion duPont Scott, Jane du Pont Lunger, and Alice du Pont Mills, Esther du Pont too became a fan of thoroughbred horse racing. She bred and raced a number of horses for both flat racing and steeplechase events. In 1944, her horse Burma Road won the most prestigious steeplechase race in the United States, the American Grand National and in flat racing, her colt Royal Vale won the 1953 Massachusetts Handicap.
Esther du Pont Thouron helped build the clinic and hospital at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine's New Bolton Center. In 1966, her contribution to the industry was recognized by the Thoroughbred Owners and Breeders Association who awarded her its Lady's Sportsmanship Award.
Death
Esther du Pont Thouron died at her winter home in Florida on March 24, 1984, at age 76.
References
External links
Thouron Award Website
|
given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Esther"
]
}
|
The Hi-Tech Bangkok City, formerly known as the Thailand Tigers, Chang Thailand Slammers, and the Sports Rev Thailand Slammers is a professional basketball team, based in Bangkok, Thailand, that played in the Asean Basketball League until the 2015–16 ABL season. Currently they play in the Thailand Basketball League (TBL).
Hi-Tech Bangkok City play its home games at the Thai-Japanese Stadium in Bangkok.
Trophies and honours
2× ABL champion (2011, 2014)
2× TBL champion (2013, 2018)
TBSL champion (2019)
TPBL champion (2019)
FIBA Asia Champions Cup8th Place (1): 2019
Roster
Miscellaneous
In 2011, former team captain Piyapong Piroon donated his team jacket, a number of his jerseys as well as official balls from the ABL in a charity bid to aid victims of the 2011 Thailand floods. Team owner Nipondh Chawalitmontien offered to double that amount.
Notable players
Local players
Piyapong Piroon
Attaporn Lertmalaiporn
Kannawat Lertlaokul
Sukdave Gougar
Montien Wongsawangtum
Wattana Suttisin
Bandit Lakhan
Nakorn Jaisanuk
Wutipong Dasom
Chanon Aaron Seangsuwan
Foreign players
Coaches
Chuck Davisson / Mawinporn Soonphonthont (2009–10)
Raha Mortel / Tongkiat Singhasene (2010–11)
Manit Niyomyindee / Felton Sealey (2012)
Joe Bryant (2013)
Raha Mortel / Jing Ruiz (2014–present)
References
External links
Chang Thailand Slammers official website
ASEAN Basketball League official website
Chang Thailand Slammers on Facebook
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
48
],
"text": [
"Thailand"
]
}
|
The Hi-Tech Bangkok City, formerly known as the Thailand Tigers, Chang Thailand Slammers, and the Sports Rev Thailand Slammers is a professional basketball team, based in Bangkok, Thailand, that played in the Asean Basketball League until the 2015–16 ABL season. Currently they play in the Thailand Basketball League (TBL).
Hi-Tech Bangkok City play its home games at the Thai-Japanese Stadium in Bangkok.
Trophies and honours
2× ABL champion (2011, 2014)
2× TBL champion (2013, 2018)
TBSL champion (2019)
TPBL champion (2019)
FIBA Asia Champions Cup8th Place (1): 2019
Roster
Miscellaneous
In 2011, former team captain Piyapong Piroon donated his team jacket, a number of his jerseys as well as official balls from the ABL in a charity bid to aid victims of the 2011 Thailand floods. Team owner Nipondh Chawalitmontien offered to double that amount.
Notable players
Local players
Piyapong Piroon
Attaporn Lertmalaiporn
Kannawat Lertlaokul
Sukdave Gougar
Montien Wongsawangtum
Wattana Suttisin
Bandit Lakhan
Nakorn Jaisanuk
Wutipong Dasom
Chanon Aaron Seangsuwan
Foreign players
Coaches
Chuck Davisson / Mawinporn Soonphonthont (2009–10)
Raha Mortel / Tongkiat Singhasene (2010–11)
Manit Niyomyindee / Felton Sealey (2012)
Joe Bryant (2013)
Raha Mortel / Jing Ruiz (2014–present)
References
External links
Chang Thailand Slammers official website
ASEAN Basketball League official website
Chang Thailand Slammers on Facebook
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
145
],
"text": [
"basketball team"
]
}
|
The Hi-Tech Bangkok City, formerly known as the Thailand Tigers, Chang Thailand Slammers, and the Sports Rev Thailand Slammers is a professional basketball team, based in Bangkok, Thailand, that played in the Asean Basketball League until the 2015–16 ABL season. Currently they play in the Thailand Basketball League (TBL).
Hi-Tech Bangkok City play its home games at the Thai-Japanese Stadium in Bangkok.
Trophies and honours
2× ABL champion (2011, 2014)
2× TBL champion (2013, 2018)
TBSL champion (2019)
TPBL champion (2019)
FIBA Asia Champions Cup8th Place (1): 2019
Roster
Miscellaneous
In 2011, former team captain Piyapong Piroon donated his team jacket, a number of his jerseys as well as official balls from the ABL in a charity bid to aid victims of the 2011 Thailand floods. Team owner Nipondh Chawalitmontien offered to double that amount.
Notable players
Local players
Piyapong Piroon
Attaporn Lertmalaiporn
Kannawat Lertlaokul
Sukdave Gougar
Montien Wongsawangtum
Wattana Suttisin
Bandit Lakhan
Nakorn Jaisanuk
Wutipong Dasom
Chanon Aaron Seangsuwan
Foreign players
Coaches
Chuck Davisson / Mawinporn Soonphonthont (2009–10)
Raha Mortel / Tongkiat Singhasene (2010–11)
Manit Niyomyindee / Felton Sealey (2012)
Joe Bryant (2013)
Raha Mortel / Jing Ruiz (2014–present)
References
External links
Chang Thailand Slammers official website
ASEAN Basketball League official website
Chang Thailand Slammers on Facebook
|
home venue
|
{
"answer_start": [
372
],
"text": [
"Thai-Japanese Stadium"
]
}
|
The Hi-Tech Bangkok City, formerly known as the Thailand Tigers, Chang Thailand Slammers, and the Sports Rev Thailand Slammers is a professional basketball team, based in Bangkok, Thailand, that played in the Asean Basketball League until the 2015–16 ABL season. Currently they play in the Thailand Basketball League (TBL).
Hi-Tech Bangkok City play its home games at the Thai-Japanese Stadium in Bangkok.
Trophies and honours
2× ABL champion (2011, 2014)
2× TBL champion (2013, 2018)
TBSL champion (2019)
TPBL champion (2019)
FIBA Asia Champions Cup8th Place (1): 2019
Roster
Miscellaneous
In 2011, former team captain Piyapong Piroon donated his team jacket, a number of his jerseys as well as official balls from the ABL in a charity bid to aid victims of the 2011 Thailand floods. Team owner Nipondh Chawalitmontien offered to double that amount.
Notable players
Local players
Piyapong Piroon
Attaporn Lertmalaiporn
Kannawat Lertlaokul
Sukdave Gougar
Montien Wongsawangtum
Wattana Suttisin
Bandit Lakhan
Nakorn Jaisanuk
Wutipong Dasom
Chanon Aaron Seangsuwan
Foreign players
Coaches
Chuck Davisson / Mawinporn Soonphonthont (2009–10)
Raha Mortel / Tongkiat Singhasene (2010–11)
Manit Niyomyindee / Felton Sealey (2012)
Joe Bryant (2013)
Raha Mortel / Jing Ruiz (2014–present)
References
External links
Chang Thailand Slammers official website
ASEAN Basketball League official website
Chang Thailand Slammers on Facebook
|
headquarters location
|
{
"answer_start": [
12
],
"text": [
"Bangkok"
]
}
|
The Hi-Tech Bangkok City, formerly known as the Thailand Tigers, Chang Thailand Slammers, and the Sports Rev Thailand Slammers is a professional basketball team, based in Bangkok, Thailand, that played in the Asean Basketball League until the 2015–16 ABL season. Currently they play in the Thailand Basketball League (TBL).
Hi-Tech Bangkok City play its home games at the Thai-Japanese Stadium in Bangkok.
Trophies and honours
2× ABL champion (2011, 2014)
2× TBL champion (2013, 2018)
TBSL champion (2019)
TPBL champion (2019)
FIBA Asia Champions Cup8th Place (1): 2019
Roster
Miscellaneous
In 2011, former team captain Piyapong Piroon donated his team jacket, a number of his jerseys as well as official balls from the ABL in a charity bid to aid victims of the 2011 Thailand floods. Team owner Nipondh Chawalitmontien offered to double that amount.
Notable players
Local players
Piyapong Piroon
Attaporn Lertmalaiporn
Kannawat Lertlaokul
Sukdave Gougar
Montien Wongsawangtum
Wattana Suttisin
Bandit Lakhan
Nakorn Jaisanuk
Wutipong Dasom
Chanon Aaron Seangsuwan
Foreign players
Coaches
Chuck Davisson / Mawinporn Soonphonthont (2009–10)
Raha Mortel / Tongkiat Singhasene (2010–11)
Manit Niyomyindee / Felton Sealey (2012)
Joe Bryant (2013)
Raha Mortel / Jing Ruiz (2014–present)
References
External links
Chang Thailand Slammers official website
ASEAN Basketball League official website
Chang Thailand Slammers on Facebook
|
sport
|
{
"answer_start": [
145
],
"text": [
"basketball"
]
}
|
Charlene Liu is an American artist living and working in Oregon. "Using printmaking, painting, and papermaking processes, Liu samples and juxtaposes cultural references and the natural environment in an attempt to reconcile matters of biography and place."Liu is an Associate Professor and the Printmaking Coordinator in the Department of Art at the University of Oregon. Solo exhibition venues include: Andrea Rosen Gallery 2 (New York), Taylor de Cordoba Gallery (Los Angeles), Shaheen Modern & Contemporary (Cleveland, Ohio), Virgil de Voldere Gallery (New York), Elizabeth Leach Gallery (Portland, Oregon), and Galeria Il Capricorno (Venice, Italy). Her work has been reviewed in The New York Times, Flash Art International, Los Angeles Times, and is held in the collections of the Museum of Modern Art (New York City), Progressive Art Collection (Cleveland), Tacoma Art Museum (Tacoma, Washington), and the New Museum (New York, NY).
Liu has an M.F.A. in Visual Arts from Columbia University (2003) and a B.A. from Brandeis University (1997).
== References ==
|
educated at
|
{
"answer_start": [
1020
],
"text": [
"Brandeis University"
]
}
|
Charlene Liu is an American artist living and working in Oregon. "Using printmaking, painting, and papermaking processes, Liu samples and juxtaposes cultural references and the natural environment in an attempt to reconcile matters of biography and place."Liu is an Associate Professor and the Printmaking Coordinator in the Department of Art at the University of Oregon. Solo exhibition venues include: Andrea Rosen Gallery 2 (New York), Taylor de Cordoba Gallery (Los Angeles), Shaheen Modern & Contemporary (Cleveland, Ohio), Virgil de Voldere Gallery (New York), Elizabeth Leach Gallery (Portland, Oregon), and Galeria Il Capricorno (Venice, Italy). Her work has been reviewed in The New York Times, Flash Art International, Los Angeles Times, and is held in the collections of the Museum of Modern Art (New York City), Progressive Art Collection (Cleveland), Tacoma Art Museum (Tacoma, Washington), and the New Museum (New York, NY).
Liu has an M.F.A. in Visual Arts from Columbia University (2003) and a B.A. from Brandeis University (1997).
== References ==
|
occupation
|
{
"answer_start": [
28
],
"text": [
"artist"
]
}
|
Charlene Liu is an American artist living and working in Oregon. "Using printmaking, painting, and papermaking processes, Liu samples and juxtaposes cultural references and the natural environment in an attempt to reconcile matters of biography and place."Liu is an Associate Professor and the Printmaking Coordinator in the Department of Art at the University of Oregon. Solo exhibition venues include: Andrea Rosen Gallery 2 (New York), Taylor de Cordoba Gallery (Los Angeles), Shaheen Modern & Contemporary (Cleveland, Ohio), Virgil de Voldere Gallery (New York), Elizabeth Leach Gallery (Portland, Oregon), and Galeria Il Capricorno (Venice, Italy). Her work has been reviewed in The New York Times, Flash Art International, Los Angeles Times, and is held in the collections of the Museum of Modern Art (New York City), Progressive Art Collection (Cleveland), Tacoma Art Museum (Tacoma, Washington), and the New Museum (New York, NY).
Liu has an M.F.A. in Visual Arts from Columbia University (2003) and a B.A. from Brandeis University (1997).
== References ==
|
employer
|
{
"answer_start": [
350
],
"text": [
"University of Oregon"
]
}
|
Charlene Liu is an American artist living and working in Oregon. "Using printmaking, painting, and papermaking processes, Liu samples and juxtaposes cultural references and the natural environment in an attempt to reconcile matters of biography and place."Liu is an Associate Professor and the Printmaking Coordinator in the Department of Art at the University of Oregon. Solo exhibition venues include: Andrea Rosen Gallery 2 (New York), Taylor de Cordoba Gallery (Los Angeles), Shaheen Modern & Contemporary (Cleveland, Ohio), Virgil de Voldere Gallery (New York), Elizabeth Leach Gallery (Portland, Oregon), and Galeria Il Capricorno (Venice, Italy). Her work has been reviewed in The New York Times, Flash Art International, Los Angeles Times, and is held in the collections of the Museum of Modern Art (New York City), Progressive Art Collection (Cleveland), Tacoma Art Museum (Tacoma, Washington), and the New Museum (New York, NY).
Liu has an M.F.A. in Visual Arts from Columbia University (2003) and a B.A. from Brandeis University (1997).
== References ==
|
has works in the collection
|
{
"answer_start": [
786
],
"text": [
"Museum of Modern Art"
]
}
|
Oulimata Sarr is current Minister of Economy, Planning and Cooperation of Senegal. From 2019 to 2022, she served as Regional Director for UN Women, the United Nations entity mandated for gender equality and empowerment of women, in 24 countries in West and Central Africa.
Early life and education
Oulimata Sarr was born on January 6, 1970, in Dakar, Senegal but studied in Montreal, Canada. She graduated from the École des Hautes études Commerciales de Montréal (HEC Montréal) with a bachelor's degree in 1992, and after a period of further study at the University of Bedfordshire in Britain, graduated with a Master of Business Administration in 2002. Sarr spent ten years at the International Finance Corporation, a member institution of the World Bank Group, prior to joining the United Nations. She also worked as a Senior Auditor with Ernst & Young Senegal.
Career
In 2017, she was invited by Vital Voices to join the Global Ambassadors Program as a mentor for women entrepreneurs around the world. She recently joined 75 African women as the founding member of Women Investment Club of Senegal which was set up in 2016 to provide long-term capital to women entrepreneurs in Senegal.
From 1993 to 2005, she served as the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of a South African based airline named Interair South Africa
Oulimata Sarr has been the Jury President of the Cartier Women's Initiative Awards business plan competition for Sub Saharan Africa and has served on the Advisory Board of UnitLife.
On September 17, 2022, she became Minister of Economy, Planning and Cooperation, within the Ba Government. This is the first time in Senegal that a woman has held this ministerial position.[1].
References
External links
Profile at Cartier Women's Initiative
Interview with Women's Deliver
Vital Voices Global Ambassador
Founding member of the Women's Investment Club Senegal
Nomination Letter 2019
|
place of birth
|
{
"answer_start": [
345
],
"text": [
"Dakar"
]
}
|
Oulimata Sarr is current Minister of Economy, Planning and Cooperation of Senegal. From 2019 to 2022, she served as Regional Director for UN Women, the United Nations entity mandated for gender equality and empowerment of women, in 24 countries in West and Central Africa.
Early life and education
Oulimata Sarr was born on January 6, 1970, in Dakar, Senegal but studied in Montreal, Canada. She graduated from the École des Hautes études Commerciales de Montréal (HEC Montréal) with a bachelor's degree in 1992, and after a period of further study at the University of Bedfordshire in Britain, graduated with a Master of Business Administration in 2002. Sarr spent ten years at the International Finance Corporation, a member institution of the World Bank Group, prior to joining the United Nations. She also worked as a Senior Auditor with Ernst & Young Senegal.
Career
In 2017, she was invited by Vital Voices to join the Global Ambassadors Program as a mentor for women entrepreneurs around the world. She recently joined 75 African women as the founding member of Women Investment Club of Senegal which was set up in 2016 to provide long-term capital to women entrepreneurs in Senegal.
From 1993 to 2005, she served as the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of a South African based airline named Interair South Africa
Oulimata Sarr has been the Jury President of the Cartier Women's Initiative Awards business plan competition for Sub Saharan Africa and has served on the Advisory Board of UnitLife.
On September 17, 2022, she became Minister of Economy, Planning and Cooperation, within the Ba Government. This is the first time in Senegal that a woman has held this ministerial position.[1].
References
External links
Profile at Cartier Women's Initiative
Interview with Women's Deliver
Vital Voices Global Ambassador
Founding member of the Women's Investment Club Senegal
Nomination Letter 2019
|
country of citizenship
|
{
"answer_start": [
74
],
"text": [
"Senegal"
]
}
|
Oulimata Sarr is current Minister of Economy, Planning and Cooperation of Senegal. From 2019 to 2022, she served as Regional Director for UN Women, the United Nations entity mandated for gender equality and empowerment of women, in 24 countries in West and Central Africa.
Early life and education
Oulimata Sarr was born on January 6, 1970, in Dakar, Senegal but studied in Montreal, Canada. She graduated from the École des Hautes études Commerciales de Montréal (HEC Montréal) with a bachelor's degree in 1992, and after a period of further study at the University of Bedfordshire in Britain, graduated with a Master of Business Administration in 2002. Sarr spent ten years at the International Finance Corporation, a member institution of the World Bank Group, prior to joining the United Nations. She also worked as a Senior Auditor with Ernst & Young Senegal.
Career
In 2017, she was invited by Vital Voices to join the Global Ambassadors Program as a mentor for women entrepreneurs around the world. She recently joined 75 African women as the founding member of Women Investment Club of Senegal which was set up in 2016 to provide long-term capital to women entrepreneurs in Senegal.
From 1993 to 2005, she served as the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of a South African based airline named Interair South Africa
Oulimata Sarr has been the Jury President of the Cartier Women's Initiative Awards business plan competition for Sub Saharan Africa and has served on the Advisory Board of UnitLife.
On September 17, 2022, she became Minister of Economy, Planning and Cooperation, within the Ba Government. This is the first time in Senegal that a woman has held this ministerial position.[1].
References
External links
Profile at Cartier Women's Initiative
Interview with Women's Deliver
Vital Voices Global Ambassador
Founding member of the Women's Investment Club Senegal
Nomination Letter 2019
|
educated at
|
{
"answer_start": [
466
],
"text": [
"HEC Montréal"
]
}
|
Oulimata Sarr is current Minister of Economy, Planning and Cooperation of Senegal. From 2019 to 2022, she served as Regional Director for UN Women, the United Nations entity mandated for gender equality and empowerment of women, in 24 countries in West and Central Africa.
Early life and education
Oulimata Sarr was born on January 6, 1970, in Dakar, Senegal but studied in Montreal, Canada. She graduated from the École des Hautes études Commerciales de Montréal (HEC Montréal) with a bachelor's degree in 1992, and after a period of further study at the University of Bedfordshire in Britain, graduated with a Master of Business Administration in 2002. Sarr spent ten years at the International Finance Corporation, a member institution of the World Bank Group, prior to joining the United Nations. She also worked as a Senior Auditor with Ernst & Young Senegal.
Career
In 2017, she was invited by Vital Voices to join the Global Ambassadors Program as a mentor for women entrepreneurs around the world. She recently joined 75 African women as the founding member of Women Investment Club of Senegal which was set up in 2016 to provide long-term capital to women entrepreneurs in Senegal.
From 1993 to 2005, she served as the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of a South African based airline named Interair South Africa
Oulimata Sarr has been the Jury President of the Cartier Women's Initiative Awards business plan competition for Sub Saharan Africa and has served on the Advisory Board of UnitLife.
On September 17, 2022, she became Minister of Economy, Planning and Cooperation, within the Ba Government. This is the first time in Senegal that a woman has held this ministerial position.[1].
References
External links
Profile at Cartier Women's Initiative
Interview with Women's Deliver
Vital Voices Global Ambassador
Founding member of the Women's Investment Club Senegal
Nomination Letter 2019
|
employer
|
{
"answer_start": [
152
],
"text": [
"United Nations"
]
}
|
Oulimata Sarr is current Minister of Economy, Planning and Cooperation of Senegal. From 2019 to 2022, she served as Regional Director for UN Women, the United Nations entity mandated for gender equality and empowerment of women, in 24 countries in West and Central Africa.
Early life and education
Oulimata Sarr was born on January 6, 1970, in Dakar, Senegal but studied in Montreal, Canada. She graduated from the École des Hautes études Commerciales de Montréal (HEC Montréal) with a bachelor's degree in 1992, and after a period of further study at the University of Bedfordshire in Britain, graduated with a Master of Business Administration in 2002. Sarr spent ten years at the International Finance Corporation, a member institution of the World Bank Group, prior to joining the United Nations. She also worked as a Senior Auditor with Ernst & Young Senegal.
Career
In 2017, she was invited by Vital Voices to join the Global Ambassadors Program as a mentor for women entrepreneurs around the world. She recently joined 75 African women as the founding member of Women Investment Club of Senegal which was set up in 2016 to provide long-term capital to women entrepreneurs in Senegal.
From 1993 to 2005, she served as the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of a South African based airline named Interair South Africa
Oulimata Sarr has been the Jury President of the Cartier Women's Initiative Awards business plan competition for Sub Saharan Africa and has served on the Advisory Board of UnitLife.
On September 17, 2022, she became Minister of Economy, Planning and Cooperation, within the Ba Government. This is the first time in Senegal that a woman has held this ministerial position.[1].
References
External links
Profile at Cartier Women's Initiative
Interview with Women's Deliver
Vital Voices Global Ambassador
Founding member of the Women's Investment Club Senegal
Nomination Letter 2019
|
family name
|
{
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|
Oulimata Sarr is current Minister of Economy, Planning and Cooperation of Senegal. From 2019 to 2022, she served as Regional Director for UN Women, the United Nations entity mandated for gender equality and empowerment of women, in 24 countries in West and Central Africa.
Early life and education
Oulimata Sarr was born on January 6, 1970, in Dakar, Senegal but studied in Montreal, Canada. She graduated from the École des Hautes études Commerciales de Montréal (HEC Montréal) with a bachelor's degree in 1992, and after a period of further study at the University of Bedfordshire in Britain, graduated with a Master of Business Administration in 2002. Sarr spent ten years at the International Finance Corporation, a member institution of the World Bank Group, prior to joining the United Nations. She also worked as a Senior Auditor with Ernst & Young Senegal.
Career
In 2017, she was invited by Vital Voices to join the Global Ambassadors Program as a mentor for women entrepreneurs around the world. She recently joined 75 African women as the founding member of Women Investment Club of Senegal which was set up in 2016 to provide long-term capital to women entrepreneurs in Senegal.
From 1993 to 2005, she served as the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of a South African based airline named Interair South Africa
Oulimata Sarr has been the Jury President of the Cartier Women's Initiative Awards business plan competition for Sub Saharan Africa and has served on the Advisory Board of UnitLife.
On September 17, 2022, she became Minister of Economy, Planning and Cooperation, within the Ba Government. This is the first time in Senegal that a woman has held this ministerial position.[1].
References
External links
Profile at Cartier Women's Initiative
Interview with Women's Deliver
Vital Voices Global Ambassador
Founding member of the Women's Investment Club Senegal
Nomination Letter 2019
|
given name
|
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0
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"Oulimata"
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Monica Langley is an Executive Vice President at Salesforce.
Education
Langley graduated from the University of Tennessee with a B.S. degree, highest honors in journalism. She graduated cum laude from Georgetown University Law Center.
Salesforce
Langley joined Salesforce in early 2017 as Executive Vice President, Global Strategic Affairs. Salesforce is the fastest-growing top-five enterprise software company and the #1 CRM provider globally. Langley works with Salesforce founder/CEO Marc Benioff and the executive team on global strategy, including strategic messaging, corporate positioning, external engagement and customer relations.
Langley is the bestselling co-author with CEO Benioff of “Trailblazer: The Power of Business as the Greatest Platform for Change,” published in 2019.
Langley is the host of “The Inflection Point,” a digital series produced by Salesforce Studios, "where CEOs share how their personal backstories, professional influences and values inform their leadership".
The Wall Street Journal
Prior to Salesforce, Langley spent 27 years at The Wall Street Journal. She has written many page-one profiles for the Journal, particularly of newsmakers such as CEOs, billionaires and presidential candidates. She has also broken news about high-profile companies including General Motors, Boeing, and JPMorgan Chase.
Additional professional experience
Langley was an on-air commentator for CNN during the 2016 presidential campaign.
She wrote the 2003 bestselling book Tearing Down the Walls: How Sandy Weill Fought His Way to the Top of the Financial World...and Then Nearly Lost it All about Sandy Weill, the CEO of Citigroup. The book was published by Simon & Schuster.Langley was an adjunct professor of journalism at Columbia University and of First Amendment law at Georgetown University Law Center. She was also a member of the bars of the U.S. Supreme Court, District of Columbia and Tennessee, and was a corporate lawyer for several years.
Awards and honors
Langley won the 2009 Women in Communications Matrix Award.
Personal life
She has one daughter.
References
Citations
Bibliography
"Monica Langley biography". UCLA Anderson School of Management. Archived from the original on 2011-08-13.
Langley, Monica (2004). Tearing Down the Walls: How Sandy Weill Fought His Way to the Top of the Financial World. . .and Then Nearly Lost It All. Simon & Schuster. p. 480. ISBN 9780743247269.
Langley, Monica (2004). Tearing Down the Walls: How Sandy Weill Fought His Way to the Top of the Financial World. . .and Then Nearly Lost It All. ISBN 9780743247269.
External links
Appearances on C-SPAN
|
educated at
|
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|
Monica Langley is an Executive Vice President at Salesforce.
Education
Langley graduated from the University of Tennessee with a B.S. degree, highest honors in journalism. She graduated cum laude from Georgetown University Law Center.
Salesforce
Langley joined Salesforce in early 2017 as Executive Vice President, Global Strategic Affairs. Salesforce is the fastest-growing top-five enterprise software company and the #1 CRM provider globally. Langley works with Salesforce founder/CEO Marc Benioff and the executive team on global strategy, including strategic messaging, corporate positioning, external engagement and customer relations.
Langley is the bestselling co-author with CEO Benioff of “Trailblazer: The Power of Business as the Greatest Platform for Change,” published in 2019.
Langley is the host of “The Inflection Point,” a digital series produced by Salesforce Studios, "where CEOs share how their personal backstories, professional influences and values inform their leadership".
The Wall Street Journal
Prior to Salesforce, Langley spent 27 years at The Wall Street Journal. She has written many page-one profiles for the Journal, particularly of newsmakers such as CEOs, billionaires and presidential candidates. She has also broken news about high-profile companies including General Motors, Boeing, and JPMorgan Chase.
Additional professional experience
Langley was an on-air commentator for CNN during the 2016 presidential campaign.
She wrote the 2003 bestselling book Tearing Down the Walls: How Sandy Weill Fought His Way to the Top of the Financial World...and Then Nearly Lost it All about Sandy Weill, the CEO of Citigroup. The book was published by Simon & Schuster.Langley was an adjunct professor of journalism at Columbia University and of First Amendment law at Georgetown University Law Center. She was also a member of the bars of the U.S. Supreme Court, District of Columbia and Tennessee, and was a corporate lawyer for several years.
Awards and honors
Langley won the 2009 Women in Communications Matrix Award.
Personal life
She has one daughter.
References
Citations
Bibliography
"Monica Langley biography". UCLA Anderson School of Management. Archived from the original on 2011-08-13.
Langley, Monica (2004). Tearing Down the Walls: How Sandy Weill Fought His Way to the Top of the Financial World. . .and Then Nearly Lost It All. Simon & Schuster. p. 480. ISBN 9780743247269.
Langley, Monica (2004). Tearing Down the Walls: How Sandy Weill Fought His Way to the Top of the Financial World. . .and Then Nearly Lost It All. ISBN 9780743247269.
External links
Appearances on C-SPAN
|
occupation
|
{
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512
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"text": [
"executive"
]
}
|
Monica Langley is an Executive Vice President at Salesforce.
Education
Langley graduated from the University of Tennessee with a B.S. degree, highest honors in journalism. She graduated cum laude from Georgetown University Law Center.
Salesforce
Langley joined Salesforce in early 2017 as Executive Vice President, Global Strategic Affairs. Salesforce is the fastest-growing top-five enterprise software company and the #1 CRM provider globally. Langley works with Salesforce founder/CEO Marc Benioff and the executive team on global strategy, including strategic messaging, corporate positioning, external engagement and customer relations.
Langley is the bestselling co-author with CEO Benioff of “Trailblazer: The Power of Business as the Greatest Platform for Change,” published in 2019.
Langley is the host of “The Inflection Point,” a digital series produced by Salesforce Studios, "where CEOs share how their personal backstories, professional influences and values inform their leadership".
The Wall Street Journal
Prior to Salesforce, Langley spent 27 years at The Wall Street Journal. She has written many page-one profiles for the Journal, particularly of newsmakers such as CEOs, billionaires and presidential candidates. She has also broken news about high-profile companies including General Motors, Boeing, and JPMorgan Chase.
Additional professional experience
Langley was an on-air commentator for CNN during the 2016 presidential campaign.
She wrote the 2003 bestselling book Tearing Down the Walls: How Sandy Weill Fought His Way to the Top of the Financial World...and Then Nearly Lost it All about Sandy Weill, the CEO of Citigroup. The book was published by Simon & Schuster.Langley was an adjunct professor of journalism at Columbia University and of First Amendment law at Georgetown University Law Center. She was also a member of the bars of the U.S. Supreme Court, District of Columbia and Tennessee, and was a corporate lawyer for several years.
Awards and honors
Langley won the 2009 Women in Communications Matrix Award.
Personal life
She has one daughter.
References
Citations
Bibliography
"Monica Langley biography". UCLA Anderson School of Management. Archived from the original on 2011-08-13.
Langley, Monica (2004). Tearing Down the Walls: How Sandy Weill Fought His Way to the Top of the Financial World. . .and Then Nearly Lost It All. Simon & Schuster. p. 480. ISBN 9780743247269.
Langley, Monica (2004). Tearing Down the Walls: How Sandy Weill Fought His Way to the Top of the Financial World. . .and Then Nearly Lost It All. ISBN 9780743247269.
External links
Appearances on C-SPAN
|
family name
|
{
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7
],
"text": [
"Langley"
]
}
|
Monica Langley is an Executive Vice President at Salesforce.
Education
Langley graduated from the University of Tennessee with a B.S. degree, highest honors in journalism. She graduated cum laude from Georgetown University Law Center.
Salesforce
Langley joined Salesforce in early 2017 as Executive Vice President, Global Strategic Affairs. Salesforce is the fastest-growing top-five enterprise software company and the #1 CRM provider globally. Langley works with Salesforce founder/CEO Marc Benioff and the executive team on global strategy, including strategic messaging, corporate positioning, external engagement and customer relations.
Langley is the bestselling co-author with CEO Benioff of “Trailblazer: The Power of Business as the Greatest Platform for Change,” published in 2019.
Langley is the host of “The Inflection Point,” a digital series produced by Salesforce Studios, "where CEOs share how their personal backstories, professional influences and values inform their leadership".
The Wall Street Journal
Prior to Salesforce, Langley spent 27 years at The Wall Street Journal. She has written many page-one profiles for the Journal, particularly of newsmakers such as CEOs, billionaires and presidential candidates. She has also broken news about high-profile companies including General Motors, Boeing, and JPMorgan Chase.
Additional professional experience
Langley was an on-air commentator for CNN during the 2016 presidential campaign.
She wrote the 2003 bestselling book Tearing Down the Walls: How Sandy Weill Fought His Way to the Top of the Financial World...and Then Nearly Lost it All about Sandy Weill, the CEO of Citigroup. The book was published by Simon & Schuster.Langley was an adjunct professor of journalism at Columbia University and of First Amendment law at Georgetown University Law Center. She was also a member of the bars of the U.S. Supreme Court, District of Columbia and Tennessee, and was a corporate lawyer for several years.
Awards and honors
Langley won the 2009 Women in Communications Matrix Award.
Personal life
She has one daughter.
References
Citations
Bibliography
"Monica Langley biography". UCLA Anderson School of Management. Archived from the original on 2011-08-13.
Langley, Monica (2004). Tearing Down the Walls: How Sandy Weill Fought His Way to the Top of the Financial World. . .and Then Nearly Lost It All. Simon & Schuster. p. 480. ISBN 9780743247269.
Langley, Monica (2004). Tearing Down the Walls: How Sandy Weill Fought His Way to the Top of the Financial World. . .and Then Nearly Lost It All. ISBN 9780743247269.
External links
Appearances on C-SPAN
|
given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Monica"
]
}
|
Monica Langley is an Executive Vice President at Salesforce.
Education
Langley graduated from the University of Tennessee with a B.S. degree, highest honors in journalism. She graduated cum laude from Georgetown University Law Center.
Salesforce
Langley joined Salesforce in early 2017 as Executive Vice President, Global Strategic Affairs. Salesforce is the fastest-growing top-five enterprise software company and the #1 CRM provider globally. Langley works with Salesforce founder/CEO Marc Benioff and the executive team on global strategy, including strategic messaging, corporate positioning, external engagement and customer relations.
Langley is the bestselling co-author with CEO Benioff of “Trailblazer: The Power of Business as the Greatest Platform for Change,” published in 2019.
Langley is the host of “The Inflection Point,” a digital series produced by Salesforce Studios, "where CEOs share how their personal backstories, professional influences and values inform their leadership".
The Wall Street Journal
Prior to Salesforce, Langley spent 27 years at The Wall Street Journal. She has written many page-one profiles for the Journal, particularly of newsmakers such as CEOs, billionaires and presidential candidates. She has also broken news about high-profile companies including General Motors, Boeing, and JPMorgan Chase.
Additional professional experience
Langley was an on-air commentator for CNN during the 2016 presidential campaign.
She wrote the 2003 bestselling book Tearing Down the Walls: How Sandy Weill Fought His Way to the Top of the Financial World...and Then Nearly Lost it All about Sandy Weill, the CEO of Citigroup. The book was published by Simon & Schuster.Langley was an adjunct professor of journalism at Columbia University and of First Amendment law at Georgetown University Law Center. She was also a member of the bars of the U.S. Supreme Court, District of Columbia and Tennessee, and was a corporate lawyer for several years.
Awards and honors
Langley won the 2009 Women in Communications Matrix Award.
Personal life
She has one daughter.
References
Citations
Bibliography
"Monica Langley biography". UCLA Anderson School of Management. Archived from the original on 2011-08-13.
Langley, Monica (2004). Tearing Down the Walls: How Sandy Weill Fought His Way to the Top of the Financial World. . .and Then Nearly Lost It All. Simon & Schuster. p. 480. ISBN 9780743247269.
Langley, Monica (2004). Tearing Down the Walls: How Sandy Weill Fought His Way to the Top of the Financial World. . .and Then Nearly Lost It All. ISBN 9780743247269.
External links
Appearances on C-SPAN
|
has written for
|
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"The Wall Street Journal"
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Teresa [tɛˈrɛsa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowe Miasto nad Wartą, within Środa Wielkopolska County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) south of Środa Wielkopolska and 50 km (31 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.
== References ==
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
135
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"text": [
"Poland"
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}
|
Teresa [tɛˈrɛsa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowe Miasto nad Wartą, within Środa Wielkopolska County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) south of Środa Wielkopolska and 50 km (31 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.
== References ==
|
located in the administrative territorial entity
|
{
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64
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"text": [
"Gmina Nowe Miasto nad Wartą"
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Ribadeo is a municipality in the Spanish province of Lugo in Galicia. It has a population of 10,023 (INE, 2011) and an area of 106.2 km2 (41.0 sq mi). It is the capital of the A Mariña Oriental comarca.
Geography
The municipality of Ribadeo has approximately the shape of a 10x10 kilometer square. It is bordered to the north by the Cantabrian Sea, to the east by the Ribadeo estuary (on the other side of which is Castropol in Asturias), to the west by the municipality of Barreiros and to the south by that of Trabada. The capital of the municipality is the town of Ribadeo. There is one other town - Rinlo - and many small villages and hamlets. The highest point of the municipality is the mountain of Mondigo (571 m (1,873 ft)), in the parish of Cubelas.
History
The first well-known settlements date from Iron Age such as the Gallaecian hillforts of Grovas, Fornelo, Meirengos, Cárcovas, Pumarega, Torre and Aira da Croa. All of them were inhabited by the Gallecian tribe of the Egovarri. During the 6th century the first texts referred to this county as part of Britonia. During the 13th century, Ribadeo received privileges from the king Ferdinand II. The town began as a settlement beside the estuary, occupying what are now the docks of Porcillán and Cabanela, and later expanded on to higher land. It had a wall - more for customs purposes than for defence - of which some remains are still preserved. Along with Viveiro and Mondoñedo, it was one of the three main medieval towns of the former province of Mondoñedo. It was granted a town charter by Fernando III, permitting a weekly market, which is still held. For a while the town was royal property and was then granted to a French nobleman, Pierre de Villeines, in recognition of his services to Enrique de Trastámara. After Villeines there were several further transfers of ownership; the county of Ribadeo became a possession of the House of Alba. The present Count, the twenty-seventh, is Carlos Fitz-James Stuart Martinez de Irujo. Ribadeo's peak as a town coincided with that of its port, being a focal point of the trade of Cantabria with the Baltic region: it was the only point of entry for imports of liquor (Kümmel) from the port of Riga. For this reason the beverage became known as Kúmel of Ribadeo. In the mid-nineteenth century the port went into decline due to competition from other ports such as Gijón. The coat of arms of the town is of medieval origin. It depicts waves of the sea on which are superimposed a golden key at an oblique angle and a silver star. The key symbolizes the town's incorporation into Galicia, and the star its northern location. Until the late seventeenth century the coat of arms lacked the star and the key was in the upright position. This older version can be seen carved in stone in 1699, in the chapel of the Virxe do Camiño, at which time it was already ancient.
Places of interest
Torre de los Moreno, the house of the Moreno brothers, built in 1915 in an eclectic style. The decoration of the facade suggests Modernism, while that of the rear recalls the neoclassical style. Its concrete and steel construction is unusual.
The parish church of Santa María do Campo.
The ruins of an ancient Franciscan convent.
A number of emblazoned houses in the old quarter.
Small beaches to the west below the cliffs, including As Catedrais, a popular tourist beach named for the shapes carved into the cliffs by the sea.
Demography
The urban population within the parish is more than 6,500. With contiguous villages and neighbourhoods that fall within other parishes, the population reaches 8,000. The population of the whole municipality is thought to be over 13,000, rather than the figure of just over 10,000 reported in the census. In summer, the population reaches 25,000. It is one of only four municipalities in the province of Lugo to have increased its population in the period 2000-2010.
Economy
The local economy is dominated by the service sector, in particular the retail and hotel trades. There is a fishing and commercial port, the only major port between Ferrol and Avilés.
People from Ribadeo
Benito Prieto Coussent (1907-2001), painter and sculptor.
Sonia Castedo (b. 1971), mayor of Alicante.
Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo y Bustelo (1926-2008), prime minister of Spain 1981-82.
José Alonso y Trelles (1857-1924), known as El Viejo Pancho, a leading Uruguayan poet and writer.
Ramón Fernández Docobo, former footballer, played for SD Compostela in the first division of Spanish football.
Suso Peña (1941-2005), historian and artist.
Luz Pozo Garza (1922-2020), poet
References
== External links ==
|
country
|
{
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"text": [
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|
Ribadeo is a municipality in the Spanish province of Lugo in Galicia. It has a population of 10,023 (INE, 2011) and an area of 106.2 km2 (41.0 sq mi). It is the capital of the A Mariña Oriental comarca.
Geography
The municipality of Ribadeo has approximately the shape of a 10x10 kilometer square. It is bordered to the north by the Cantabrian Sea, to the east by the Ribadeo estuary (on the other side of which is Castropol in Asturias), to the west by the municipality of Barreiros and to the south by that of Trabada. The capital of the municipality is the town of Ribadeo. There is one other town - Rinlo - and many small villages and hamlets. The highest point of the municipality is the mountain of Mondigo (571 m (1,873 ft)), in the parish of Cubelas.
History
The first well-known settlements date from Iron Age such as the Gallaecian hillforts of Grovas, Fornelo, Meirengos, Cárcovas, Pumarega, Torre and Aira da Croa. All of them were inhabited by the Gallecian tribe of the Egovarri. During the 6th century the first texts referred to this county as part of Britonia. During the 13th century, Ribadeo received privileges from the king Ferdinand II. The town began as a settlement beside the estuary, occupying what are now the docks of Porcillán and Cabanela, and later expanded on to higher land. It had a wall - more for customs purposes than for defence - of which some remains are still preserved. Along with Viveiro and Mondoñedo, it was one of the three main medieval towns of the former province of Mondoñedo. It was granted a town charter by Fernando III, permitting a weekly market, which is still held. For a while the town was royal property and was then granted to a French nobleman, Pierre de Villeines, in recognition of his services to Enrique de Trastámara. After Villeines there were several further transfers of ownership; the county of Ribadeo became a possession of the House of Alba. The present Count, the twenty-seventh, is Carlos Fitz-James Stuart Martinez de Irujo. Ribadeo's peak as a town coincided with that of its port, being a focal point of the trade of Cantabria with the Baltic region: it was the only point of entry for imports of liquor (Kümmel) from the port of Riga. For this reason the beverage became known as Kúmel of Ribadeo. In the mid-nineteenth century the port went into decline due to competition from other ports such as Gijón. The coat of arms of the town is of medieval origin. It depicts waves of the sea on which are superimposed a golden key at an oblique angle and a silver star. The key symbolizes the town's incorporation into Galicia, and the star its northern location. Until the late seventeenth century the coat of arms lacked the star and the key was in the upright position. This older version can be seen carved in stone in 1699, in the chapel of the Virxe do Camiño, at which time it was already ancient.
Places of interest
Torre de los Moreno, the house of the Moreno brothers, built in 1915 in an eclectic style. The decoration of the facade suggests Modernism, while that of the rear recalls the neoclassical style. Its concrete and steel construction is unusual.
The parish church of Santa María do Campo.
The ruins of an ancient Franciscan convent.
A number of emblazoned houses in the old quarter.
Small beaches to the west below the cliffs, including As Catedrais, a popular tourist beach named for the shapes carved into the cliffs by the sea.
Demography
The urban population within the parish is more than 6,500. With contiguous villages and neighbourhoods that fall within other parishes, the population reaches 8,000. The population of the whole municipality is thought to be over 13,000, rather than the figure of just over 10,000 reported in the census. In summer, the population reaches 25,000. It is one of only four municipalities in the province of Lugo to have increased its population in the period 2000-2010.
Economy
The local economy is dominated by the service sector, in particular the retail and hotel trades. There is a fishing and commercial port, the only major port between Ferrol and Avilés.
People from Ribadeo
Benito Prieto Coussent (1907-2001), painter and sculptor.
Sonia Castedo (b. 1971), mayor of Alicante.
Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo y Bustelo (1926-2008), prime minister of Spain 1981-82.
José Alonso y Trelles (1857-1924), known as El Viejo Pancho, a leading Uruguayan poet and writer.
Ramón Fernández Docobo, former footballer, played for SD Compostela in the first division of Spanish football.
Suso Peña (1941-2005), historian and artist.
Luz Pozo Garza (1922-2020), poet
References
== External links ==
|
capital
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Ribadeo"
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|
Ribadeo is a municipality in the Spanish province of Lugo in Galicia. It has a population of 10,023 (INE, 2011) and an area of 106.2 km2 (41.0 sq mi). It is the capital of the A Mariña Oriental comarca.
Geography
The municipality of Ribadeo has approximately the shape of a 10x10 kilometer square. It is bordered to the north by the Cantabrian Sea, to the east by the Ribadeo estuary (on the other side of which is Castropol in Asturias), to the west by the municipality of Barreiros and to the south by that of Trabada. The capital of the municipality is the town of Ribadeo. There is one other town - Rinlo - and many small villages and hamlets. The highest point of the municipality is the mountain of Mondigo (571 m (1,873 ft)), in the parish of Cubelas.
History
The first well-known settlements date from Iron Age such as the Gallaecian hillforts of Grovas, Fornelo, Meirengos, Cárcovas, Pumarega, Torre and Aira da Croa. All of them were inhabited by the Gallecian tribe of the Egovarri. During the 6th century the first texts referred to this county as part of Britonia. During the 13th century, Ribadeo received privileges from the king Ferdinand II. The town began as a settlement beside the estuary, occupying what are now the docks of Porcillán and Cabanela, and later expanded on to higher land. It had a wall - more for customs purposes than for defence - of which some remains are still preserved. Along with Viveiro and Mondoñedo, it was one of the three main medieval towns of the former province of Mondoñedo. It was granted a town charter by Fernando III, permitting a weekly market, which is still held. For a while the town was royal property and was then granted to a French nobleman, Pierre de Villeines, in recognition of his services to Enrique de Trastámara. After Villeines there were several further transfers of ownership; the county of Ribadeo became a possession of the House of Alba. The present Count, the twenty-seventh, is Carlos Fitz-James Stuart Martinez de Irujo. Ribadeo's peak as a town coincided with that of its port, being a focal point of the trade of Cantabria with the Baltic region: it was the only point of entry for imports of liquor (Kümmel) from the port of Riga. For this reason the beverage became known as Kúmel of Ribadeo. In the mid-nineteenth century the port went into decline due to competition from other ports such as Gijón. The coat of arms of the town is of medieval origin. It depicts waves of the sea on which are superimposed a golden key at an oblique angle and a silver star. The key symbolizes the town's incorporation into Galicia, and the star its northern location. Until the late seventeenth century the coat of arms lacked the star and the key was in the upright position. This older version can be seen carved in stone in 1699, in the chapel of the Virxe do Camiño, at which time it was already ancient.
Places of interest
Torre de los Moreno, the house of the Moreno brothers, built in 1915 in an eclectic style. The decoration of the facade suggests Modernism, while that of the rear recalls the neoclassical style. Its concrete and steel construction is unusual.
The parish church of Santa María do Campo.
The ruins of an ancient Franciscan convent.
A number of emblazoned houses in the old quarter.
Small beaches to the west below the cliffs, including As Catedrais, a popular tourist beach named for the shapes carved into the cliffs by the sea.
Demography
The urban population within the parish is more than 6,500. With contiguous villages and neighbourhoods that fall within other parishes, the population reaches 8,000. The population of the whole municipality is thought to be over 13,000, rather than the figure of just over 10,000 reported in the census. In summer, the population reaches 25,000. It is one of only four municipalities in the province of Lugo to have increased its population in the period 2000-2010.
Economy
The local economy is dominated by the service sector, in particular the retail and hotel trades. There is a fishing and commercial port, the only major port between Ferrol and Avilés.
People from Ribadeo
Benito Prieto Coussent (1907-2001), painter and sculptor.
Sonia Castedo (b. 1971), mayor of Alicante.
Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo y Bustelo (1926-2008), prime minister of Spain 1981-82.
José Alonso y Trelles (1857-1924), known as El Viejo Pancho, a leading Uruguayan poet and writer.
Ramón Fernández Docobo, former footballer, played for SD Compostela in the first division of Spanish football.
Suso Peña (1941-2005), historian and artist.
Luz Pozo Garza (1922-2020), poet
References
== External links ==
|
shares border with
|
{
"answer_start": [
416
],
"text": [
"Castropol"
]
}
|
Ribadeo is a municipality in the Spanish province of Lugo in Galicia. It has a population of 10,023 (INE, 2011) and an area of 106.2 km2 (41.0 sq mi). It is the capital of the A Mariña Oriental comarca.
Geography
The municipality of Ribadeo has approximately the shape of a 10x10 kilometer square. It is bordered to the north by the Cantabrian Sea, to the east by the Ribadeo estuary (on the other side of which is Castropol in Asturias), to the west by the municipality of Barreiros and to the south by that of Trabada. The capital of the municipality is the town of Ribadeo. There is one other town - Rinlo - and many small villages and hamlets. The highest point of the municipality is the mountain of Mondigo (571 m (1,873 ft)), in the parish of Cubelas.
History
The first well-known settlements date from Iron Age such as the Gallaecian hillforts of Grovas, Fornelo, Meirengos, Cárcovas, Pumarega, Torre and Aira da Croa. All of them were inhabited by the Gallecian tribe of the Egovarri. During the 6th century the first texts referred to this county as part of Britonia. During the 13th century, Ribadeo received privileges from the king Ferdinand II. The town began as a settlement beside the estuary, occupying what are now the docks of Porcillán and Cabanela, and later expanded on to higher land. It had a wall - more for customs purposes than for defence - of which some remains are still preserved. Along with Viveiro and Mondoñedo, it was one of the three main medieval towns of the former province of Mondoñedo. It was granted a town charter by Fernando III, permitting a weekly market, which is still held. For a while the town was royal property and was then granted to a French nobleman, Pierre de Villeines, in recognition of his services to Enrique de Trastámara. After Villeines there were several further transfers of ownership; the county of Ribadeo became a possession of the House of Alba. The present Count, the twenty-seventh, is Carlos Fitz-James Stuart Martinez de Irujo. Ribadeo's peak as a town coincided with that of its port, being a focal point of the trade of Cantabria with the Baltic region: it was the only point of entry for imports of liquor (Kümmel) from the port of Riga. For this reason the beverage became known as Kúmel of Ribadeo. In the mid-nineteenth century the port went into decline due to competition from other ports such as Gijón. The coat of arms of the town is of medieval origin. It depicts waves of the sea on which are superimposed a golden key at an oblique angle and a silver star. The key symbolizes the town's incorporation into Galicia, and the star its northern location. Until the late seventeenth century the coat of arms lacked the star and the key was in the upright position. This older version can be seen carved in stone in 1699, in the chapel of the Virxe do Camiño, at which time it was already ancient.
Places of interest
Torre de los Moreno, the house of the Moreno brothers, built in 1915 in an eclectic style. The decoration of the facade suggests Modernism, while that of the rear recalls the neoclassical style. Its concrete and steel construction is unusual.
The parish church of Santa María do Campo.
The ruins of an ancient Franciscan convent.
A number of emblazoned houses in the old quarter.
Small beaches to the west below the cliffs, including As Catedrais, a popular tourist beach named for the shapes carved into the cliffs by the sea.
Demography
The urban population within the parish is more than 6,500. With contiguous villages and neighbourhoods that fall within other parishes, the population reaches 8,000. The population of the whole municipality is thought to be over 13,000, rather than the figure of just over 10,000 reported in the census. In summer, the population reaches 25,000. It is one of only four municipalities in the province of Lugo to have increased its population in the period 2000-2010.
Economy
The local economy is dominated by the service sector, in particular the retail and hotel trades. There is a fishing and commercial port, the only major port between Ferrol and Avilés.
People from Ribadeo
Benito Prieto Coussent (1907-2001), painter and sculptor.
Sonia Castedo (b. 1971), mayor of Alicante.
Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo y Bustelo (1926-2008), prime minister of Spain 1981-82.
José Alonso y Trelles (1857-1924), known as El Viejo Pancho, a leading Uruguayan poet and writer.
Ramón Fernández Docobo, former footballer, played for SD Compostela in the first division of Spanish football.
Suso Peña (1941-2005), historian and artist.
Luz Pozo Garza (1922-2020), poet
References
== External links ==
|
contains the administrative territorial entity
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Ribadeo"
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|
Ribadeo is a municipality in the Spanish province of Lugo in Galicia. It has a population of 10,023 (INE, 2011) and an area of 106.2 km2 (41.0 sq mi). It is the capital of the A Mariña Oriental comarca.
Geography
The municipality of Ribadeo has approximately the shape of a 10x10 kilometer square. It is bordered to the north by the Cantabrian Sea, to the east by the Ribadeo estuary (on the other side of which is Castropol in Asturias), to the west by the municipality of Barreiros and to the south by that of Trabada. The capital of the municipality is the town of Ribadeo. There is one other town - Rinlo - and many small villages and hamlets. The highest point of the municipality is the mountain of Mondigo (571 m (1,873 ft)), in the parish of Cubelas.
History
The first well-known settlements date from Iron Age such as the Gallaecian hillforts of Grovas, Fornelo, Meirengos, Cárcovas, Pumarega, Torre and Aira da Croa. All of them were inhabited by the Gallecian tribe of the Egovarri. During the 6th century the first texts referred to this county as part of Britonia. During the 13th century, Ribadeo received privileges from the king Ferdinand II. The town began as a settlement beside the estuary, occupying what are now the docks of Porcillán and Cabanela, and later expanded on to higher land. It had a wall - more for customs purposes than for defence - of which some remains are still preserved. Along with Viveiro and Mondoñedo, it was one of the three main medieval towns of the former province of Mondoñedo. It was granted a town charter by Fernando III, permitting a weekly market, which is still held. For a while the town was royal property and was then granted to a French nobleman, Pierre de Villeines, in recognition of his services to Enrique de Trastámara. After Villeines there were several further transfers of ownership; the county of Ribadeo became a possession of the House of Alba. The present Count, the twenty-seventh, is Carlos Fitz-James Stuart Martinez de Irujo. Ribadeo's peak as a town coincided with that of its port, being a focal point of the trade of Cantabria with the Baltic region: it was the only point of entry for imports of liquor (Kümmel) from the port of Riga. For this reason the beverage became known as Kúmel of Ribadeo. In the mid-nineteenth century the port went into decline due to competition from other ports such as Gijón. The coat of arms of the town is of medieval origin. It depicts waves of the sea on which are superimposed a golden key at an oblique angle and a silver star. The key symbolizes the town's incorporation into Galicia, and the star its northern location. Until the late seventeenth century the coat of arms lacked the star and the key was in the upright position. This older version can be seen carved in stone in 1699, in the chapel of the Virxe do Camiño, at which time it was already ancient.
Places of interest
Torre de los Moreno, the house of the Moreno brothers, built in 1915 in an eclectic style. The decoration of the facade suggests Modernism, while that of the rear recalls the neoclassical style. Its concrete and steel construction is unusual.
The parish church of Santa María do Campo.
The ruins of an ancient Franciscan convent.
A number of emblazoned houses in the old quarter.
Small beaches to the west below the cliffs, including As Catedrais, a popular tourist beach named for the shapes carved into the cliffs by the sea.
Demography
The urban population within the parish is more than 6,500. With contiguous villages and neighbourhoods that fall within other parishes, the population reaches 8,000. The population of the whole municipality is thought to be over 13,000, rather than the figure of just over 10,000 reported in the census. In summer, the population reaches 25,000. It is one of only four municipalities in the province of Lugo to have increased its population in the period 2000-2010.
Economy
The local economy is dominated by the service sector, in particular the retail and hotel trades. There is a fishing and commercial port, the only major port between Ferrol and Avilés.
People from Ribadeo
Benito Prieto Coussent (1907-2001), painter and sculptor.
Sonia Castedo (b. 1971), mayor of Alicante.
Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo y Bustelo (1926-2008), prime minister of Spain 1981-82.
José Alonso y Trelles (1857-1924), known as El Viejo Pancho, a leading Uruguayan poet and writer.
Ramón Fernández Docobo, former footballer, played for SD Compostela in the first division of Spanish football.
Suso Peña (1941-2005), historian and artist.
Luz Pozo Garza (1922-2020), poet
References
== External links ==
|
located in or next to body of water
|
{
"answer_start": [
334
],
"text": [
"Cantabrian Sea"
]
}
|
Ribadeo is a municipality in the Spanish province of Lugo in Galicia. It has a population of 10,023 (INE, 2011) and an area of 106.2 km2 (41.0 sq mi). It is the capital of the A Mariña Oriental comarca.
Geography
The municipality of Ribadeo has approximately the shape of a 10x10 kilometer square. It is bordered to the north by the Cantabrian Sea, to the east by the Ribadeo estuary (on the other side of which is Castropol in Asturias), to the west by the municipality of Barreiros and to the south by that of Trabada. The capital of the municipality is the town of Ribadeo. There is one other town - Rinlo - and many small villages and hamlets. The highest point of the municipality is the mountain of Mondigo (571 m (1,873 ft)), in the parish of Cubelas.
History
The first well-known settlements date from Iron Age such as the Gallaecian hillforts of Grovas, Fornelo, Meirengos, Cárcovas, Pumarega, Torre and Aira da Croa. All of them were inhabited by the Gallecian tribe of the Egovarri. During the 6th century the first texts referred to this county as part of Britonia. During the 13th century, Ribadeo received privileges from the king Ferdinand II. The town began as a settlement beside the estuary, occupying what are now the docks of Porcillán and Cabanela, and later expanded on to higher land. It had a wall - more for customs purposes than for defence - of which some remains are still preserved. Along with Viveiro and Mondoñedo, it was one of the three main medieval towns of the former province of Mondoñedo. It was granted a town charter by Fernando III, permitting a weekly market, which is still held. For a while the town was royal property and was then granted to a French nobleman, Pierre de Villeines, in recognition of his services to Enrique de Trastámara. After Villeines there were several further transfers of ownership; the county of Ribadeo became a possession of the House of Alba. The present Count, the twenty-seventh, is Carlos Fitz-James Stuart Martinez de Irujo. Ribadeo's peak as a town coincided with that of its port, being a focal point of the trade of Cantabria with the Baltic region: it was the only point of entry for imports of liquor (Kümmel) from the port of Riga. For this reason the beverage became known as Kúmel of Ribadeo. In the mid-nineteenth century the port went into decline due to competition from other ports such as Gijón. The coat of arms of the town is of medieval origin. It depicts waves of the sea on which are superimposed a golden key at an oblique angle and a silver star. The key symbolizes the town's incorporation into Galicia, and the star its northern location. Until the late seventeenth century the coat of arms lacked the star and the key was in the upright position. This older version can be seen carved in stone in 1699, in the chapel of the Virxe do Camiño, at which time it was already ancient.
Places of interest
Torre de los Moreno, the house of the Moreno brothers, built in 1915 in an eclectic style. The decoration of the facade suggests Modernism, while that of the rear recalls the neoclassical style. Its concrete and steel construction is unusual.
The parish church of Santa María do Campo.
The ruins of an ancient Franciscan convent.
A number of emblazoned houses in the old quarter.
Small beaches to the west below the cliffs, including As Catedrais, a popular tourist beach named for the shapes carved into the cliffs by the sea.
Demography
The urban population within the parish is more than 6,500. With contiguous villages and neighbourhoods that fall within other parishes, the population reaches 8,000. The population of the whole municipality is thought to be over 13,000, rather than the figure of just over 10,000 reported in the census. In summer, the population reaches 25,000. It is one of only four municipalities in the province of Lugo to have increased its population in the period 2000-2010.
Economy
The local economy is dominated by the service sector, in particular the retail and hotel trades. There is a fishing and commercial port, the only major port between Ferrol and Avilés.
People from Ribadeo
Benito Prieto Coussent (1907-2001), painter and sculptor.
Sonia Castedo (b. 1971), mayor of Alicante.
Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo y Bustelo (1926-2008), prime minister of Spain 1981-82.
José Alonso y Trelles (1857-1924), known as El Viejo Pancho, a leading Uruguayan poet and writer.
Ramón Fernández Docobo, former footballer, played for SD Compostela in the first division of Spanish football.
Suso Peña (1941-2005), historian and artist.
Luz Pozo Garza (1922-2020), poet
References
== External links ==
|
Commons category
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Ribadeo"
]
}
|
Ribadeo is a municipality in the Spanish province of Lugo in Galicia. It has a population of 10,023 (INE, 2011) and an area of 106.2 km2 (41.0 sq mi). It is the capital of the A Mariña Oriental comarca.
Geography
The municipality of Ribadeo has approximately the shape of a 10x10 kilometer square. It is bordered to the north by the Cantabrian Sea, to the east by the Ribadeo estuary (on the other side of which is Castropol in Asturias), to the west by the municipality of Barreiros and to the south by that of Trabada. The capital of the municipality is the town of Ribadeo. There is one other town - Rinlo - and many small villages and hamlets. The highest point of the municipality is the mountain of Mondigo (571 m (1,873 ft)), in the parish of Cubelas.
History
The first well-known settlements date from Iron Age such as the Gallaecian hillforts of Grovas, Fornelo, Meirengos, Cárcovas, Pumarega, Torre and Aira da Croa. All of them were inhabited by the Gallecian tribe of the Egovarri. During the 6th century the first texts referred to this county as part of Britonia. During the 13th century, Ribadeo received privileges from the king Ferdinand II. The town began as a settlement beside the estuary, occupying what are now the docks of Porcillán and Cabanela, and later expanded on to higher land. It had a wall - more for customs purposes than for defence - of which some remains are still preserved. Along with Viveiro and Mondoñedo, it was one of the three main medieval towns of the former province of Mondoñedo. It was granted a town charter by Fernando III, permitting a weekly market, which is still held. For a while the town was royal property and was then granted to a French nobleman, Pierre de Villeines, in recognition of his services to Enrique de Trastámara. After Villeines there were several further transfers of ownership; the county of Ribadeo became a possession of the House of Alba. The present Count, the twenty-seventh, is Carlos Fitz-James Stuart Martinez de Irujo. Ribadeo's peak as a town coincided with that of its port, being a focal point of the trade of Cantabria with the Baltic region: it was the only point of entry for imports of liquor (Kümmel) from the port of Riga. For this reason the beverage became known as Kúmel of Ribadeo. In the mid-nineteenth century the port went into decline due to competition from other ports such as Gijón. The coat of arms of the town is of medieval origin. It depicts waves of the sea on which are superimposed a golden key at an oblique angle and a silver star. The key symbolizes the town's incorporation into Galicia, and the star its northern location. Until the late seventeenth century the coat of arms lacked the star and the key was in the upright position. This older version can be seen carved in stone in 1699, in the chapel of the Virxe do Camiño, at which time it was already ancient.
Places of interest
Torre de los Moreno, the house of the Moreno brothers, built in 1915 in an eclectic style. The decoration of the facade suggests Modernism, while that of the rear recalls the neoclassical style. Its concrete and steel construction is unusual.
The parish church of Santa María do Campo.
The ruins of an ancient Franciscan convent.
A number of emblazoned houses in the old quarter.
Small beaches to the west below the cliffs, including As Catedrais, a popular tourist beach named for the shapes carved into the cliffs by the sea.
Demography
The urban population within the parish is more than 6,500. With contiguous villages and neighbourhoods that fall within other parishes, the population reaches 8,000. The population of the whole municipality is thought to be over 13,000, rather than the figure of just over 10,000 reported in the census. In summer, the population reaches 25,000. It is one of only four municipalities in the province of Lugo to have increased its population in the period 2000-2010.
Economy
The local economy is dominated by the service sector, in particular the retail and hotel trades. There is a fishing and commercial port, the only major port between Ferrol and Avilés.
People from Ribadeo
Benito Prieto Coussent (1907-2001), painter and sculptor.
Sonia Castedo (b. 1971), mayor of Alicante.
Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo y Bustelo (1926-2008), prime minister of Spain 1981-82.
José Alonso y Trelles (1857-1924), known as El Viejo Pancho, a leading Uruguayan poet and writer.
Ramón Fernández Docobo, former footballer, played for SD Compostela in the first division of Spanish football.
Suso Peña (1941-2005), historian and artist.
Luz Pozo Garza (1922-2020), poet
References
== External links ==
|
Commons gallery
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Ribadeo"
]
}
|
Ribadeo is a municipality in the Spanish province of Lugo in Galicia. It has a population of 10,023 (INE, 2011) and an area of 106.2 km2 (41.0 sq mi). It is the capital of the A Mariña Oriental comarca.
Geography
The municipality of Ribadeo has approximately the shape of a 10x10 kilometer square. It is bordered to the north by the Cantabrian Sea, to the east by the Ribadeo estuary (on the other side of which is Castropol in Asturias), to the west by the municipality of Barreiros and to the south by that of Trabada. The capital of the municipality is the town of Ribadeo. There is one other town - Rinlo - and many small villages and hamlets. The highest point of the municipality is the mountain of Mondigo (571 m (1,873 ft)), in the parish of Cubelas.
History
The first well-known settlements date from Iron Age such as the Gallaecian hillforts of Grovas, Fornelo, Meirengos, Cárcovas, Pumarega, Torre and Aira da Croa. All of them were inhabited by the Gallecian tribe of the Egovarri. During the 6th century the first texts referred to this county as part of Britonia. During the 13th century, Ribadeo received privileges from the king Ferdinand II. The town began as a settlement beside the estuary, occupying what are now the docks of Porcillán and Cabanela, and later expanded on to higher land. It had a wall - more for customs purposes than for defence - of which some remains are still preserved. Along with Viveiro and Mondoñedo, it was one of the three main medieval towns of the former province of Mondoñedo. It was granted a town charter by Fernando III, permitting a weekly market, which is still held. For a while the town was royal property and was then granted to a French nobleman, Pierre de Villeines, in recognition of his services to Enrique de Trastámara. After Villeines there were several further transfers of ownership; the county of Ribadeo became a possession of the House of Alba. The present Count, the twenty-seventh, is Carlos Fitz-James Stuart Martinez de Irujo. Ribadeo's peak as a town coincided with that of its port, being a focal point of the trade of Cantabria with the Baltic region: it was the only point of entry for imports of liquor (Kümmel) from the port of Riga. For this reason the beverage became known as Kúmel of Ribadeo. In the mid-nineteenth century the port went into decline due to competition from other ports such as Gijón. The coat of arms of the town is of medieval origin. It depicts waves of the sea on which are superimposed a golden key at an oblique angle and a silver star. The key symbolizes the town's incorporation into Galicia, and the star its northern location. Until the late seventeenth century the coat of arms lacked the star and the key was in the upright position. This older version can be seen carved in stone in 1699, in the chapel of the Virxe do Camiño, at which time it was already ancient.
Places of interest
Torre de los Moreno, the house of the Moreno brothers, built in 1915 in an eclectic style. The decoration of the facade suggests Modernism, while that of the rear recalls the neoclassical style. Its concrete and steel construction is unusual.
The parish church of Santa María do Campo.
The ruins of an ancient Franciscan convent.
A number of emblazoned houses in the old quarter.
Small beaches to the west below the cliffs, including As Catedrais, a popular tourist beach named for the shapes carved into the cliffs by the sea.
Demography
The urban population within the parish is more than 6,500. With contiguous villages and neighbourhoods that fall within other parishes, the population reaches 8,000. The population of the whole municipality is thought to be over 13,000, rather than the figure of just over 10,000 reported in the census. In summer, the population reaches 25,000. It is one of only four municipalities in the province of Lugo to have increased its population in the period 2000-2010.
Economy
The local economy is dominated by the service sector, in particular the retail and hotel trades. There is a fishing and commercial port, the only major port between Ferrol and Avilés.
People from Ribadeo
Benito Prieto Coussent (1907-2001), painter and sculptor.
Sonia Castedo (b. 1971), mayor of Alicante.
Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo y Bustelo (1926-2008), prime minister of Spain 1981-82.
José Alonso y Trelles (1857-1924), known as El Viejo Pancho, a leading Uruguayan poet and writer.
Ramón Fernández Docobo, former footballer, played for SD Compostela in the first division of Spanish football.
Suso Peña (1941-2005), historian and artist.
Luz Pozo Garza (1922-2020), poet
References
== External links ==
|
official name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Ribadeo"
]
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|
Ribadeo is a municipality in the Spanish province of Lugo in Galicia. It has a population of 10,023 (INE, 2011) and an area of 106.2 km2 (41.0 sq mi). It is the capital of the A Mariña Oriental comarca.
Geography
The municipality of Ribadeo has approximately the shape of a 10x10 kilometer square. It is bordered to the north by the Cantabrian Sea, to the east by the Ribadeo estuary (on the other side of which is Castropol in Asturias), to the west by the municipality of Barreiros and to the south by that of Trabada. The capital of the municipality is the town of Ribadeo. There is one other town - Rinlo - and many small villages and hamlets. The highest point of the municipality is the mountain of Mondigo (571 m (1,873 ft)), in the parish of Cubelas.
History
The first well-known settlements date from Iron Age such as the Gallaecian hillforts of Grovas, Fornelo, Meirengos, Cárcovas, Pumarega, Torre and Aira da Croa. All of them were inhabited by the Gallecian tribe of the Egovarri. During the 6th century the first texts referred to this county as part of Britonia. During the 13th century, Ribadeo received privileges from the king Ferdinand II. The town began as a settlement beside the estuary, occupying what are now the docks of Porcillán and Cabanela, and later expanded on to higher land. It had a wall - more for customs purposes than for defence - of which some remains are still preserved. Along with Viveiro and Mondoñedo, it was one of the three main medieval towns of the former province of Mondoñedo. It was granted a town charter by Fernando III, permitting a weekly market, which is still held. For a while the town was royal property and was then granted to a French nobleman, Pierre de Villeines, in recognition of his services to Enrique de Trastámara. After Villeines there were several further transfers of ownership; the county of Ribadeo became a possession of the House of Alba. The present Count, the twenty-seventh, is Carlos Fitz-James Stuart Martinez de Irujo. Ribadeo's peak as a town coincided with that of its port, being a focal point of the trade of Cantabria with the Baltic region: it was the only point of entry for imports of liquor (Kümmel) from the port of Riga. For this reason the beverage became known as Kúmel of Ribadeo. In the mid-nineteenth century the port went into decline due to competition from other ports such as Gijón. The coat of arms of the town is of medieval origin. It depicts waves of the sea on which are superimposed a golden key at an oblique angle and a silver star. The key symbolizes the town's incorporation into Galicia, and the star its northern location. Until the late seventeenth century the coat of arms lacked the star and the key was in the upright position. This older version can be seen carved in stone in 1699, in the chapel of the Virxe do Camiño, at which time it was already ancient.
Places of interest
Torre de los Moreno, the house of the Moreno brothers, built in 1915 in an eclectic style. The decoration of the facade suggests Modernism, while that of the rear recalls the neoclassical style. Its concrete and steel construction is unusual.
The parish church of Santa María do Campo.
The ruins of an ancient Franciscan convent.
A number of emblazoned houses in the old quarter.
Small beaches to the west below the cliffs, including As Catedrais, a popular tourist beach named for the shapes carved into the cliffs by the sea.
Demography
The urban population within the parish is more than 6,500. With contiguous villages and neighbourhoods that fall within other parishes, the population reaches 8,000. The population of the whole municipality is thought to be over 13,000, rather than the figure of just over 10,000 reported in the census. In summer, the population reaches 25,000. It is one of only four municipalities in the province of Lugo to have increased its population in the period 2000-2010.
Economy
The local economy is dominated by the service sector, in particular the retail and hotel trades. There is a fishing and commercial port, the only major port between Ferrol and Avilés.
People from Ribadeo
Benito Prieto Coussent (1907-2001), painter and sculptor.
Sonia Castedo (b. 1971), mayor of Alicante.
Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo y Bustelo (1926-2008), prime minister of Spain 1981-82.
José Alonso y Trelles (1857-1924), known as El Viejo Pancho, a leading Uruguayan poet and writer.
Ramón Fernández Docobo, former footballer, played for SD Compostela in the first division of Spanish football.
Suso Peña (1941-2005), historian and artist.
Luz Pozo Garza (1922-2020), poet
References
== External links ==
|
elevation above sea level
|
{
"answer_start": [
715
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"text": [
"571"
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|
Ribadeo is a municipality in the Spanish province of Lugo in Galicia. It has a population of 10,023 (INE, 2011) and an area of 106.2 km2 (41.0 sq mi). It is the capital of the A Mariña Oriental comarca.
Geography
The municipality of Ribadeo has approximately the shape of a 10x10 kilometer square. It is bordered to the north by the Cantabrian Sea, to the east by the Ribadeo estuary (on the other side of which is Castropol in Asturias), to the west by the municipality of Barreiros and to the south by that of Trabada. The capital of the municipality is the town of Ribadeo. There is one other town - Rinlo - and many small villages and hamlets. The highest point of the municipality is the mountain of Mondigo (571 m (1,873 ft)), in the parish of Cubelas.
History
The first well-known settlements date from Iron Age such as the Gallaecian hillforts of Grovas, Fornelo, Meirengos, Cárcovas, Pumarega, Torre and Aira da Croa. All of them were inhabited by the Gallecian tribe of the Egovarri. During the 6th century the first texts referred to this county as part of Britonia. During the 13th century, Ribadeo received privileges from the king Ferdinand II. The town began as a settlement beside the estuary, occupying what are now the docks of Porcillán and Cabanela, and later expanded on to higher land. It had a wall - more for customs purposes than for defence - of which some remains are still preserved. Along with Viveiro and Mondoñedo, it was one of the three main medieval towns of the former province of Mondoñedo. It was granted a town charter by Fernando III, permitting a weekly market, which is still held. For a while the town was royal property and was then granted to a French nobleman, Pierre de Villeines, in recognition of his services to Enrique de Trastámara. After Villeines there were several further transfers of ownership; the county of Ribadeo became a possession of the House of Alba. The present Count, the twenty-seventh, is Carlos Fitz-James Stuart Martinez de Irujo. Ribadeo's peak as a town coincided with that of its port, being a focal point of the trade of Cantabria with the Baltic region: it was the only point of entry for imports of liquor (Kümmel) from the port of Riga. For this reason the beverage became known as Kúmel of Ribadeo. In the mid-nineteenth century the port went into decline due to competition from other ports such as Gijón. The coat of arms of the town is of medieval origin. It depicts waves of the sea on which are superimposed a golden key at an oblique angle and a silver star. The key symbolizes the town's incorporation into Galicia, and the star its northern location. Until the late seventeenth century the coat of arms lacked the star and the key was in the upright position. This older version can be seen carved in stone in 1699, in the chapel of the Virxe do Camiño, at which time it was already ancient.
Places of interest
Torre de los Moreno, the house of the Moreno brothers, built in 1915 in an eclectic style. The decoration of the facade suggests Modernism, while that of the rear recalls the neoclassical style. Its concrete and steel construction is unusual.
The parish church of Santa María do Campo.
The ruins of an ancient Franciscan convent.
A number of emblazoned houses in the old quarter.
Small beaches to the west below the cliffs, including As Catedrais, a popular tourist beach named for the shapes carved into the cliffs by the sea.
Demography
The urban population within the parish is more than 6,500. With contiguous villages and neighbourhoods that fall within other parishes, the population reaches 8,000. The population of the whole municipality is thought to be over 13,000, rather than the figure of just over 10,000 reported in the census. In summer, the population reaches 25,000. It is one of only four municipalities in the province of Lugo to have increased its population in the period 2000-2010.
Economy
The local economy is dominated by the service sector, in particular the retail and hotel trades. There is a fishing and commercial port, the only major port between Ferrol and Avilés.
People from Ribadeo
Benito Prieto Coussent (1907-2001), painter and sculptor.
Sonia Castedo (b. 1971), mayor of Alicante.
Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo y Bustelo (1926-2008), prime minister of Spain 1981-82.
José Alonso y Trelles (1857-1924), known as El Viejo Pancho, a leading Uruguayan poet and writer.
Ramón Fernández Docobo, former footballer, played for SD Compostela in the first division of Spanish football.
Suso Peña (1941-2005), historian and artist.
Luz Pozo Garza (1922-2020), poet
References
== External links ==
|
Quora topic ID
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Ribadeo"
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|
Ribadeo is a municipality in the Spanish province of Lugo in Galicia. It has a population of 10,023 (INE, 2011) and an area of 106.2 km2 (41.0 sq mi). It is the capital of the A Mariña Oriental comarca.
Geography
The municipality of Ribadeo has approximately the shape of a 10x10 kilometer square. It is bordered to the north by the Cantabrian Sea, to the east by the Ribadeo estuary (on the other side of which is Castropol in Asturias), to the west by the municipality of Barreiros and to the south by that of Trabada. The capital of the municipality is the town of Ribadeo. There is one other town - Rinlo - and many small villages and hamlets. The highest point of the municipality is the mountain of Mondigo (571 m (1,873 ft)), in the parish of Cubelas.
History
The first well-known settlements date from Iron Age such as the Gallaecian hillforts of Grovas, Fornelo, Meirengos, Cárcovas, Pumarega, Torre and Aira da Croa. All of them were inhabited by the Gallecian tribe of the Egovarri. During the 6th century the first texts referred to this county as part of Britonia. During the 13th century, Ribadeo received privileges from the king Ferdinand II. The town began as a settlement beside the estuary, occupying what are now the docks of Porcillán and Cabanela, and later expanded on to higher land. It had a wall - more for customs purposes than for defence - of which some remains are still preserved. Along with Viveiro and Mondoñedo, it was one of the three main medieval towns of the former province of Mondoñedo. It was granted a town charter by Fernando III, permitting a weekly market, which is still held. For a while the town was royal property and was then granted to a French nobleman, Pierre de Villeines, in recognition of his services to Enrique de Trastámara. After Villeines there were several further transfers of ownership; the county of Ribadeo became a possession of the House of Alba. The present Count, the twenty-seventh, is Carlos Fitz-James Stuart Martinez de Irujo. Ribadeo's peak as a town coincided with that of its port, being a focal point of the trade of Cantabria with the Baltic region: it was the only point of entry for imports of liquor (Kümmel) from the port of Riga. For this reason the beverage became known as Kúmel of Ribadeo. In the mid-nineteenth century the port went into decline due to competition from other ports such as Gijón. The coat of arms of the town is of medieval origin. It depicts waves of the sea on which are superimposed a golden key at an oblique angle and a silver star. The key symbolizes the town's incorporation into Galicia, and the star its northern location. Until the late seventeenth century the coat of arms lacked the star and the key was in the upright position. This older version can be seen carved in stone in 1699, in the chapel of the Virxe do Camiño, at which time it was already ancient.
Places of interest
Torre de los Moreno, the house of the Moreno brothers, built in 1915 in an eclectic style. The decoration of the facade suggests Modernism, while that of the rear recalls the neoclassical style. Its concrete and steel construction is unusual.
The parish church of Santa María do Campo.
The ruins of an ancient Franciscan convent.
A number of emblazoned houses in the old quarter.
Small beaches to the west below the cliffs, including As Catedrais, a popular tourist beach named for the shapes carved into the cliffs by the sea.
Demography
The urban population within the parish is more than 6,500. With contiguous villages and neighbourhoods that fall within other parishes, the population reaches 8,000. The population of the whole municipality is thought to be over 13,000, rather than the figure of just over 10,000 reported in the census. In summer, the population reaches 25,000. It is one of only four municipalities in the province of Lugo to have increased its population in the period 2000-2010.
Economy
The local economy is dominated by the service sector, in particular the retail and hotel trades. There is a fishing and commercial port, the only major port between Ferrol and Avilés.
People from Ribadeo
Benito Prieto Coussent (1907-2001), painter and sculptor.
Sonia Castedo (b. 1971), mayor of Alicante.
Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo y Bustelo (1926-2008), prime minister of Spain 1981-82.
José Alonso y Trelles (1857-1924), known as El Viejo Pancho, a leading Uruguayan poet and writer.
Ramón Fernández Docobo, former footballer, played for SD Compostela in the first division of Spanish football.
Suso Peña (1941-2005), historian and artist.
Luz Pozo Garza (1922-2020), poet
References
== External links ==
|
located in the administrative territorial entity
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Ribadeo"
]
}
|
Ribadeo is a municipality in the Spanish province of Lugo in Galicia. It has a population of 10,023 (INE, 2011) and an area of 106.2 km2 (41.0 sq mi). It is the capital of the A Mariña Oriental comarca.
Geography
The municipality of Ribadeo has approximately the shape of a 10x10 kilometer square. It is bordered to the north by the Cantabrian Sea, to the east by the Ribadeo estuary (on the other side of which is Castropol in Asturias), to the west by the municipality of Barreiros and to the south by that of Trabada. The capital of the municipality is the town of Ribadeo. There is one other town - Rinlo - and many small villages and hamlets. The highest point of the municipality is the mountain of Mondigo (571 m (1,873 ft)), in the parish of Cubelas.
History
The first well-known settlements date from Iron Age such as the Gallaecian hillforts of Grovas, Fornelo, Meirengos, Cárcovas, Pumarega, Torre and Aira da Croa. All of them were inhabited by the Gallecian tribe of the Egovarri. During the 6th century the first texts referred to this county as part of Britonia. During the 13th century, Ribadeo received privileges from the king Ferdinand II. The town began as a settlement beside the estuary, occupying what are now the docks of Porcillán and Cabanela, and later expanded on to higher land. It had a wall - more for customs purposes than for defence - of which some remains are still preserved. Along with Viveiro and Mondoñedo, it was one of the three main medieval towns of the former province of Mondoñedo. It was granted a town charter by Fernando III, permitting a weekly market, which is still held. For a while the town was royal property and was then granted to a French nobleman, Pierre de Villeines, in recognition of his services to Enrique de Trastámara. After Villeines there were several further transfers of ownership; the county of Ribadeo became a possession of the House of Alba. The present Count, the twenty-seventh, is Carlos Fitz-James Stuart Martinez de Irujo. Ribadeo's peak as a town coincided with that of its port, being a focal point of the trade of Cantabria with the Baltic region: it was the only point of entry for imports of liquor (Kümmel) from the port of Riga. For this reason the beverage became known as Kúmel of Ribadeo. In the mid-nineteenth century the port went into decline due to competition from other ports such as Gijón. The coat of arms of the town is of medieval origin. It depicts waves of the sea on which are superimposed a golden key at an oblique angle and a silver star. The key symbolizes the town's incorporation into Galicia, and the star its northern location. Until the late seventeenth century the coat of arms lacked the star and the key was in the upright position. This older version can be seen carved in stone in 1699, in the chapel of the Virxe do Camiño, at which time it was already ancient.
Places of interest
Torre de los Moreno, the house of the Moreno brothers, built in 1915 in an eclectic style. The decoration of the facade suggests Modernism, while that of the rear recalls the neoclassical style. Its concrete and steel construction is unusual.
The parish church of Santa María do Campo.
The ruins of an ancient Franciscan convent.
A number of emblazoned houses in the old quarter.
Small beaches to the west below the cliffs, including As Catedrais, a popular tourist beach named for the shapes carved into the cliffs by the sea.
Demography
The urban population within the parish is more than 6,500. With contiguous villages and neighbourhoods that fall within other parishes, the population reaches 8,000. The population of the whole municipality is thought to be over 13,000, rather than the figure of just over 10,000 reported in the census. In summer, the population reaches 25,000. It is one of only four municipalities in the province of Lugo to have increased its population in the period 2000-2010.
Economy
The local economy is dominated by the service sector, in particular the retail and hotel trades. There is a fishing and commercial port, the only major port between Ferrol and Avilés.
People from Ribadeo
Benito Prieto Coussent (1907-2001), painter and sculptor.
Sonia Castedo (b. 1971), mayor of Alicante.
Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo y Bustelo (1926-2008), prime minister of Spain 1981-82.
José Alonso y Trelles (1857-1924), known as El Viejo Pancho, a leading Uruguayan poet and writer.
Ramón Fernández Docobo, former footballer, played for SD Compostela in the first division of Spanish football.
Suso Peña (1941-2005), historian and artist.
Luz Pozo Garza (1922-2020), poet
References
== External links ==
|
capital of
|
{
"answer_start": [
176
],
"text": [
"A Mariña Oriental"
]
}
|
Ribadeo is a municipality in the Spanish province of Lugo in Galicia. It has a population of 10,023 (INE, 2011) and an area of 106.2 km2 (41.0 sq mi). It is the capital of the A Mariña Oriental comarca.
Geography
The municipality of Ribadeo has approximately the shape of a 10x10 kilometer square. It is bordered to the north by the Cantabrian Sea, to the east by the Ribadeo estuary (on the other side of which is Castropol in Asturias), to the west by the municipality of Barreiros and to the south by that of Trabada. The capital of the municipality is the town of Ribadeo. There is one other town - Rinlo - and many small villages and hamlets. The highest point of the municipality is the mountain of Mondigo (571 m (1,873 ft)), in the parish of Cubelas.
History
The first well-known settlements date from Iron Age such as the Gallaecian hillforts of Grovas, Fornelo, Meirengos, Cárcovas, Pumarega, Torre and Aira da Croa. All of them were inhabited by the Gallecian tribe of the Egovarri. During the 6th century the first texts referred to this county as part of Britonia. During the 13th century, Ribadeo received privileges from the king Ferdinand II. The town began as a settlement beside the estuary, occupying what are now the docks of Porcillán and Cabanela, and later expanded on to higher land. It had a wall - more for customs purposes than for defence - of which some remains are still preserved. Along with Viveiro and Mondoñedo, it was one of the three main medieval towns of the former province of Mondoñedo. It was granted a town charter by Fernando III, permitting a weekly market, which is still held. For a while the town was royal property and was then granted to a French nobleman, Pierre de Villeines, in recognition of his services to Enrique de Trastámara. After Villeines there were several further transfers of ownership; the county of Ribadeo became a possession of the House of Alba. The present Count, the twenty-seventh, is Carlos Fitz-James Stuart Martinez de Irujo. Ribadeo's peak as a town coincided with that of its port, being a focal point of the trade of Cantabria with the Baltic region: it was the only point of entry for imports of liquor (Kümmel) from the port of Riga. For this reason the beverage became known as Kúmel of Ribadeo. In the mid-nineteenth century the port went into decline due to competition from other ports such as Gijón. The coat of arms of the town is of medieval origin. It depicts waves of the sea on which are superimposed a golden key at an oblique angle and a silver star. The key symbolizes the town's incorporation into Galicia, and the star its northern location. Until the late seventeenth century the coat of arms lacked the star and the key was in the upright position. This older version can be seen carved in stone in 1699, in the chapel of the Virxe do Camiño, at which time it was already ancient.
Places of interest
Torre de los Moreno, the house of the Moreno brothers, built in 1915 in an eclectic style. The decoration of the facade suggests Modernism, while that of the rear recalls the neoclassical style. Its concrete and steel construction is unusual.
The parish church of Santa María do Campo.
The ruins of an ancient Franciscan convent.
A number of emblazoned houses in the old quarter.
Small beaches to the west below the cliffs, including As Catedrais, a popular tourist beach named for the shapes carved into the cliffs by the sea.
Demography
The urban population within the parish is more than 6,500. With contiguous villages and neighbourhoods that fall within other parishes, the population reaches 8,000. The population of the whole municipality is thought to be over 13,000, rather than the figure of just over 10,000 reported in the census. In summer, the population reaches 25,000. It is one of only four municipalities in the province of Lugo to have increased its population in the period 2000-2010.
Economy
The local economy is dominated by the service sector, in particular the retail and hotel trades. There is a fishing and commercial port, the only major port between Ferrol and Avilés.
People from Ribadeo
Benito Prieto Coussent (1907-2001), painter and sculptor.
Sonia Castedo (b. 1971), mayor of Alicante.
Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo y Bustelo (1926-2008), prime minister of Spain 1981-82.
José Alonso y Trelles (1857-1924), known as El Viejo Pancho, a leading Uruguayan poet and writer.
Ramón Fernández Docobo, former footballer, played for SD Compostela in the first division of Spanish football.
Suso Peña (1941-2005), historian and artist.
Luz Pozo Garza (1922-2020), poet
References
== External links ==
|
contains settlement
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Ribadeo"
]
}
|
Ribadeo is a municipality in the Spanish province of Lugo in Galicia. It has a population of 10,023 (INE, 2011) and an area of 106.2 km2 (41.0 sq mi). It is the capital of the A Mariña Oriental comarca.
Geography
The municipality of Ribadeo has approximately the shape of a 10x10 kilometer square. It is bordered to the north by the Cantabrian Sea, to the east by the Ribadeo estuary (on the other side of which is Castropol in Asturias), to the west by the municipality of Barreiros and to the south by that of Trabada. The capital of the municipality is the town of Ribadeo. There is one other town - Rinlo - and many small villages and hamlets. The highest point of the municipality is the mountain of Mondigo (571 m (1,873 ft)), in the parish of Cubelas.
History
The first well-known settlements date from Iron Age such as the Gallaecian hillforts of Grovas, Fornelo, Meirengos, Cárcovas, Pumarega, Torre and Aira da Croa. All of them were inhabited by the Gallecian tribe of the Egovarri. During the 6th century the first texts referred to this county as part of Britonia. During the 13th century, Ribadeo received privileges from the king Ferdinand II. The town began as a settlement beside the estuary, occupying what are now the docks of Porcillán and Cabanela, and later expanded on to higher land. It had a wall - more for customs purposes than for defence - of which some remains are still preserved. Along with Viveiro and Mondoñedo, it was one of the three main medieval towns of the former province of Mondoñedo. It was granted a town charter by Fernando III, permitting a weekly market, which is still held. For a while the town was royal property and was then granted to a French nobleman, Pierre de Villeines, in recognition of his services to Enrique de Trastámara. After Villeines there were several further transfers of ownership; the county of Ribadeo became a possession of the House of Alba. The present Count, the twenty-seventh, is Carlos Fitz-James Stuart Martinez de Irujo. Ribadeo's peak as a town coincided with that of its port, being a focal point of the trade of Cantabria with the Baltic region: it was the only point of entry for imports of liquor (Kümmel) from the port of Riga. For this reason the beverage became known as Kúmel of Ribadeo. In the mid-nineteenth century the port went into decline due to competition from other ports such as Gijón. The coat of arms of the town is of medieval origin. It depicts waves of the sea on which are superimposed a golden key at an oblique angle and a silver star. The key symbolizes the town's incorporation into Galicia, and the star its northern location. Until the late seventeenth century the coat of arms lacked the star and the key was in the upright position. This older version can be seen carved in stone in 1699, in the chapel of the Virxe do Camiño, at which time it was already ancient.
Places of interest
Torre de los Moreno, the house of the Moreno brothers, built in 1915 in an eclectic style. The decoration of the facade suggests Modernism, while that of the rear recalls the neoclassical style. Its concrete and steel construction is unusual.
The parish church of Santa María do Campo.
The ruins of an ancient Franciscan convent.
A number of emblazoned houses in the old quarter.
Small beaches to the west below the cliffs, including As Catedrais, a popular tourist beach named for the shapes carved into the cliffs by the sea.
Demography
The urban population within the parish is more than 6,500. With contiguous villages and neighbourhoods that fall within other parishes, the population reaches 8,000. The population of the whole municipality is thought to be over 13,000, rather than the figure of just over 10,000 reported in the census. In summer, the population reaches 25,000. It is one of only four municipalities in the province of Lugo to have increased its population in the period 2000-2010.
Economy
The local economy is dominated by the service sector, in particular the retail and hotel trades. There is a fishing and commercial port, the only major port between Ferrol and Avilés.
People from Ribadeo
Benito Prieto Coussent (1907-2001), painter and sculptor.
Sonia Castedo (b. 1971), mayor of Alicante.
Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo y Bustelo (1926-2008), prime minister of Spain 1981-82.
José Alonso y Trelles (1857-1924), known as El Viejo Pancho, a leading Uruguayan poet and writer.
Ramón Fernández Docobo, former footballer, played for SD Compostela in the first division of Spanish football.
Suso Peña (1941-2005), historian and artist.
Luz Pozo Garza (1922-2020), poet
References
== External links ==
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
2055
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"text": [
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|
Wireshark is a free and open-source packet analyzer. It is used for network troubleshooting, analysis, software and communications protocol development, and education. Originally named Ethereal, the project was renamed Wireshark in May 2006 due to trademark issues.Wireshark is cross-platform, using the Qt widget toolkit in current releases to implement its user interface, and using pcap to capture packets; it runs on Linux, macOS, BSD, Solaris, some other Unix-like operating systems, and Microsoft Windows. There is also a terminal-based (non-GUI) version called TShark. Wireshark, and the other programs distributed with it such as TShark, are free software, released under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 or any later version.
Functionality
Wireshark is very similar to tcpdump, but has a graphical front-end and integrated sorting and filtering options.
Wireshark lets the user put network interface controllers into promiscuous mode (if supported by the network interface controller), so they can see all the traffic visible on that interface including unicast traffic not sent to that network interface controller's MAC address. However, when capturing with a packet analyzer in promiscuous mode on a port on a network switch, not all traffic through the switch is necessarily sent to the port where the capture is done, so capturing in promiscuous mode is not necessarily sufficient to see all network traffic. Port mirroring or various network taps extend capture to any point on the network. Simple passive taps are extremely resistant to tampering.
On Linux, BSD, and macOS, with libpcap 1.0.0 or later, Wireshark 1.4 and later can also put wireless network interface controllers into monitor mode.
If a remote machine captures packets and sends the captured packets to a machine running Wireshark using the TZSP protocol or the protocol used by OmniPeek, Wireshark dissects those packets, so it can analyze packets captured on a remote machine at the time that they are captured.
History
In the late 1990s, Gerald Combs, a computer science graduate of the University of Missouri–Kansas City, was working for a small Internet service provider. The commercial protocol analysis products at the time were priced around $1500 and did not run on the company's primary platforms (Solaris and Linux), so Gerald began writing Ethereal and released the first version around 1998. The Ethereal trademark is owned by Network Integration Services.
In May 2006, Combs accepted a job with CACE Technologies with Loris Degioanni. Combs still held copyright on most of Ethereal's source code (and the rest was re-distributable under the GNU GPL), so he used the contents of the Ethereal Subversion repository as the basis for the Wireshark repository. However, he did not own the Ethereal trademark, so he changed the name to Wireshark. In 2010 Riverbed Technology purchased CACE and took over as the primary sponsor of Wireshark. Ethereal development has ceased, and an Ethereal security advisory recommended switching to Wireshark. In 2022, Sysdig took over as the primary sponsor of Wireshark and in 2023, Sysdig established and put Wireshark into the Wireshark Foundation. Wireshark has won several industry awards over the years, including eWeek, InfoWorld, and PC Magazine. It is also the top-rated packet sniffer in the Insecure.Org network security tools survey and was the SourceForge Project of the Month in August 2010.Combs continues to maintain the overall code of Wireshark and issue releases of new versions of the software. The product website lists more than 2000 contributing authors.
Features
Wireshark is a data capturing program that "understands" the structure (encapsulation) of different networking protocols. It can parse and display the fields, along with their meanings as specified by different networking protocols. Wireshark uses pcap to capture packets, so it can only capture packets on the types of networks that pcap supports.
Data can be captured "from the wire" from a live network connection or read from a file of already-captured packets.
Live data can be read from different types of networks, including Ethernet, IEEE 802.11, PPP, and loopback.
Captured network data can be browsed via a GUI, or via the terminal (command line) version of the utility, TShark.
Captured files can be programmatically edited or converted via command-line switches to the "editcap" program.
Data display can be refined using a display filter.
Plug-ins can be created for dissecting new protocols.
VoIP calls in the captured traffic can be detected. If encoded in a compatible encoding, the media flow can even be played.
Raw USB traffic can be captured.
Wireless connections can also be filtered as long as they traverse the monitored Ethernet.
Various settings, timers, and filters can be set to provide the facility of filtering the output of the captured traffic.Wireshark's native network trace file formats are the libpcap format read and written by libpcap, WinPcap, and Npcap, so it can exchange captured network traces with other applications that use the same format, including tcpdump and CA NetMaster, and the pcapng format read by newer versions of libpcap. It can also read captures from other network analyzers, such as snoop, Network General's Sniffer, and Microsoft Network Monitor.
Security
Capturing raw network traffic from an interface requires elevated privileges on some platforms. For this reason, older versions of Wireshark and TShark often ran with superuser privileges. Considering the huge number of protocol dissectors that are called when traffic is captured and recognizing the possibility of a bug in a dissector, a serious security risk can be posed. Due to the rather large number of vulnerabilities in the past (of which many have allowed remote code execution) and developers' doubts for better future development, OpenBSD removed Ethereal from its ports tree prior to OpenBSD 3.6.Elevated privileges are not needed for all operations. For example, an alternative is to run tcpdump or the dumpcap utility that comes with Wireshark with superuser privileges to capture packets into a file, and later analyze the packets by running Wireshark with restricted privileges. To emulate near realtime analysis, each captured file may be merged by mergecap into a growing file processed by Wireshark. On wireless networks, it is possible to use the Aircrack wireless security tools to capture IEEE 802.11 frames and read the resulting dump files with Wireshark.
As of Wireshark 0.99.7, Wireshark and TShark run dumpcap to perform traffic capture. Platforms that require special privileges to capture traffic need only dumpcap run with those privileges. Neither Wireshark nor TShark need to or should be run with special privileges.
Color coding
Wireshark can color packets based on rules that match particular fields in packets, to help the user identify the types of traffic at a glance. A default set of rules is provided; users can change existing rules for coloring packets, add new rules, or remove rules.
Simulation packet capture
Wireshark can also be used to capture packets from most network simulation tools such as ns and OPNET Modeler.
See also
Capsa (software)
Comparison of packet analyzers
EtherApe
Fiddler (software)
netsniff-ng
ngrep
Omnipeek
tcptrace
Notes
References
External links
Official website
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
650
],
"text": [
"free software"
]
}
|
Wireshark is a free and open-source packet analyzer. It is used for network troubleshooting, analysis, software and communications protocol development, and education. Originally named Ethereal, the project was renamed Wireshark in May 2006 due to trademark issues.Wireshark is cross-platform, using the Qt widget toolkit in current releases to implement its user interface, and using pcap to capture packets; it runs on Linux, macOS, BSD, Solaris, some other Unix-like operating systems, and Microsoft Windows. There is also a terminal-based (non-GUI) version called TShark. Wireshark, and the other programs distributed with it such as TShark, are free software, released under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 or any later version.
Functionality
Wireshark is very similar to tcpdump, but has a graphical front-end and integrated sorting and filtering options.
Wireshark lets the user put network interface controllers into promiscuous mode (if supported by the network interface controller), so they can see all the traffic visible on that interface including unicast traffic not sent to that network interface controller's MAC address. However, when capturing with a packet analyzer in promiscuous mode on a port on a network switch, not all traffic through the switch is necessarily sent to the port where the capture is done, so capturing in promiscuous mode is not necessarily sufficient to see all network traffic. Port mirroring or various network taps extend capture to any point on the network. Simple passive taps are extremely resistant to tampering.
On Linux, BSD, and macOS, with libpcap 1.0.0 or later, Wireshark 1.4 and later can also put wireless network interface controllers into monitor mode.
If a remote machine captures packets and sends the captured packets to a machine running Wireshark using the TZSP protocol or the protocol used by OmniPeek, Wireshark dissects those packets, so it can analyze packets captured on a remote machine at the time that they are captured.
History
In the late 1990s, Gerald Combs, a computer science graduate of the University of Missouri–Kansas City, was working for a small Internet service provider. The commercial protocol analysis products at the time were priced around $1500 and did not run on the company's primary platforms (Solaris and Linux), so Gerald began writing Ethereal and released the first version around 1998. The Ethereal trademark is owned by Network Integration Services.
In May 2006, Combs accepted a job with CACE Technologies with Loris Degioanni. Combs still held copyright on most of Ethereal's source code (and the rest was re-distributable under the GNU GPL), so he used the contents of the Ethereal Subversion repository as the basis for the Wireshark repository. However, he did not own the Ethereal trademark, so he changed the name to Wireshark. In 2010 Riverbed Technology purchased CACE and took over as the primary sponsor of Wireshark. Ethereal development has ceased, and an Ethereal security advisory recommended switching to Wireshark. In 2022, Sysdig took over as the primary sponsor of Wireshark and in 2023, Sysdig established and put Wireshark into the Wireshark Foundation. Wireshark has won several industry awards over the years, including eWeek, InfoWorld, and PC Magazine. It is also the top-rated packet sniffer in the Insecure.Org network security tools survey and was the SourceForge Project of the Month in August 2010.Combs continues to maintain the overall code of Wireshark and issue releases of new versions of the software. The product website lists more than 2000 contributing authors.
Features
Wireshark is a data capturing program that "understands" the structure (encapsulation) of different networking protocols. It can parse and display the fields, along with their meanings as specified by different networking protocols. Wireshark uses pcap to capture packets, so it can only capture packets on the types of networks that pcap supports.
Data can be captured "from the wire" from a live network connection or read from a file of already-captured packets.
Live data can be read from different types of networks, including Ethernet, IEEE 802.11, PPP, and loopback.
Captured network data can be browsed via a GUI, or via the terminal (command line) version of the utility, TShark.
Captured files can be programmatically edited or converted via command-line switches to the "editcap" program.
Data display can be refined using a display filter.
Plug-ins can be created for dissecting new protocols.
VoIP calls in the captured traffic can be detected. If encoded in a compatible encoding, the media flow can even be played.
Raw USB traffic can be captured.
Wireless connections can also be filtered as long as they traverse the monitored Ethernet.
Various settings, timers, and filters can be set to provide the facility of filtering the output of the captured traffic.Wireshark's native network trace file formats are the libpcap format read and written by libpcap, WinPcap, and Npcap, so it can exchange captured network traces with other applications that use the same format, including tcpdump and CA NetMaster, and the pcapng format read by newer versions of libpcap. It can also read captures from other network analyzers, such as snoop, Network General's Sniffer, and Microsoft Network Monitor.
Security
Capturing raw network traffic from an interface requires elevated privileges on some platforms. For this reason, older versions of Wireshark and TShark often ran with superuser privileges. Considering the huge number of protocol dissectors that are called when traffic is captured and recognizing the possibility of a bug in a dissector, a serious security risk can be posed. Due to the rather large number of vulnerabilities in the past (of which many have allowed remote code execution) and developers' doubts for better future development, OpenBSD removed Ethereal from its ports tree prior to OpenBSD 3.6.Elevated privileges are not needed for all operations. For example, an alternative is to run tcpdump or the dumpcap utility that comes with Wireshark with superuser privileges to capture packets into a file, and later analyze the packets by running Wireshark with restricted privileges. To emulate near realtime analysis, each captured file may be merged by mergecap into a growing file processed by Wireshark. On wireless networks, it is possible to use the Aircrack wireless security tools to capture IEEE 802.11 frames and read the resulting dump files with Wireshark.
As of Wireshark 0.99.7, Wireshark and TShark run dumpcap to perform traffic capture. Platforms that require special privileges to capture traffic need only dumpcap run with those privileges. Neither Wireshark nor TShark need to or should be run with special privileges.
Color coding
Wireshark can color packets based on rules that match particular fields in packets, to help the user identify the types of traffic at a glance. A default set of rules is provided; users can change existing rules for coloring packets, add new rules, or remove rules.
Simulation packet capture
Wireshark can also be used to capture packets from most network simulation tools such as ns and OPNET Modeler.
See also
Capsa (software)
Comparison of packet analyzers
EtherApe
Fiddler (software)
netsniff-ng
ngrep
Omnipeek
tcptrace
Notes
References
External links
Official website
|
creator
|
{
"answer_start": [
2046
],
"text": [
"Gerald Combs"
]
}
|
Wireshark is a free and open-source packet analyzer. It is used for network troubleshooting, analysis, software and communications protocol development, and education. Originally named Ethereal, the project was renamed Wireshark in May 2006 due to trademark issues.Wireshark is cross-platform, using the Qt widget toolkit in current releases to implement its user interface, and using pcap to capture packets; it runs on Linux, macOS, BSD, Solaris, some other Unix-like operating systems, and Microsoft Windows. There is also a terminal-based (non-GUI) version called TShark. Wireshark, and the other programs distributed with it such as TShark, are free software, released under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 or any later version.
Functionality
Wireshark is very similar to tcpdump, but has a graphical front-end and integrated sorting and filtering options.
Wireshark lets the user put network interface controllers into promiscuous mode (if supported by the network interface controller), so they can see all the traffic visible on that interface including unicast traffic not sent to that network interface controller's MAC address. However, when capturing with a packet analyzer in promiscuous mode on a port on a network switch, not all traffic through the switch is necessarily sent to the port where the capture is done, so capturing in promiscuous mode is not necessarily sufficient to see all network traffic. Port mirroring or various network taps extend capture to any point on the network. Simple passive taps are extremely resistant to tampering.
On Linux, BSD, and macOS, with libpcap 1.0.0 or later, Wireshark 1.4 and later can also put wireless network interface controllers into monitor mode.
If a remote machine captures packets and sends the captured packets to a machine running Wireshark using the TZSP protocol or the protocol used by OmniPeek, Wireshark dissects those packets, so it can analyze packets captured on a remote machine at the time that they are captured.
History
In the late 1990s, Gerald Combs, a computer science graduate of the University of Missouri–Kansas City, was working for a small Internet service provider. The commercial protocol analysis products at the time were priced around $1500 and did not run on the company's primary platforms (Solaris and Linux), so Gerald began writing Ethereal and released the first version around 1998. The Ethereal trademark is owned by Network Integration Services.
In May 2006, Combs accepted a job with CACE Technologies with Loris Degioanni. Combs still held copyright on most of Ethereal's source code (and the rest was re-distributable under the GNU GPL), so he used the contents of the Ethereal Subversion repository as the basis for the Wireshark repository. However, he did not own the Ethereal trademark, so he changed the name to Wireshark. In 2010 Riverbed Technology purchased CACE and took over as the primary sponsor of Wireshark. Ethereal development has ceased, and an Ethereal security advisory recommended switching to Wireshark. In 2022, Sysdig took over as the primary sponsor of Wireshark and in 2023, Sysdig established and put Wireshark into the Wireshark Foundation. Wireshark has won several industry awards over the years, including eWeek, InfoWorld, and PC Magazine. It is also the top-rated packet sniffer in the Insecure.Org network security tools survey and was the SourceForge Project of the Month in August 2010.Combs continues to maintain the overall code of Wireshark and issue releases of new versions of the software. The product website lists more than 2000 contributing authors.
Features
Wireshark is a data capturing program that "understands" the structure (encapsulation) of different networking protocols. It can parse and display the fields, along with their meanings as specified by different networking protocols. Wireshark uses pcap to capture packets, so it can only capture packets on the types of networks that pcap supports.
Data can be captured "from the wire" from a live network connection or read from a file of already-captured packets.
Live data can be read from different types of networks, including Ethernet, IEEE 802.11, PPP, and loopback.
Captured network data can be browsed via a GUI, or via the terminal (command line) version of the utility, TShark.
Captured files can be programmatically edited or converted via command-line switches to the "editcap" program.
Data display can be refined using a display filter.
Plug-ins can be created for dissecting new protocols.
VoIP calls in the captured traffic can be detected. If encoded in a compatible encoding, the media flow can even be played.
Raw USB traffic can be captured.
Wireless connections can also be filtered as long as they traverse the monitored Ethernet.
Various settings, timers, and filters can be set to provide the facility of filtering the output of the captured traffic.Wireshark's native network trace file formats are the libpcap format read and written by libpcap, WinPcap, and Npcap, so it can exchange captured network traces with other applications that use the same format, including tcpdump and CA NetMaster, and the pcapng format read by newer versions of libpcap. It can also read captures from other network analyzers, such as snoop, Network General's Sniffer, and Microsoft Network Monitor.
Security
Capturing raw network traffic from an interface requires elevated privileges on some platforms. For this reason, older versions of Wireshark and TShark often ran with superuser privileges. Considering the huge number of protocol dissectors that are called when traffic is captured and recognizing the possibility of a bug in a dissector, a serious security risk can be posed. Due to the rather large number of vulnerabilities in the past (of which many have allowed remote code execution) and developers' doubts for better future development, OpenBSD removed Ethereal from its ports tree prior to OpenBSD 3.6.Elevated privileges are not needed for all operations. For example, an alternative is to run tcpdump or the dumpcap utility that comes with Wireshark with superuser privileges to capture packets into a file, and later analyze the packets by running Wireshark with restricted privileges. To emulate near realtime analysis, each captured file may be merged by mergecap into a growing file processed by Wireshark. On wireless networks, it is possible to use the Aircrack wireless security tools to capture IEEE 802.11 frames and read the resulting dump files with Wireshark.
As of Wireshark 0.99.7, Wireshark and TShark run dumpcap to perform traffic capture. Platforms that require special privileges to capture traffic need only dumpcap run with those privileges. Neither Wireshark nor TShark need to or should be run with special privileges.
Color coding
Wireshark can color packets based on rules that match particular fields in packets, to help the user identify the types of traffic at a glance. A default set of rules is provided; users can change existing rules for coloring packets, add new rules, or remove rules.
Simulation packet capture
Wireshark can also be used to capture packets from most network simulation tools such as ns and OPNET Modeler.
See also
Capsa (software)
Comparison of packet analyzers
EtherApe
Fiddler (software)
netsniff-ng
ngrep
Omnipeek
tcptrace
Notes
References
External links
Official website
|
programmed in
|
{
"answer_start": [
1151
],
"text": [
"C"
]
}
|
Wireshark is a free and open-source packet analyzer. It is used for network troubleshooting, analysis, software and communications protocol development, and education. Originally named Ethereal, the project was renamed Wireshark in May 2006 due to trademark issues.Wireshark is cross-platform, using the Qt widget toolkit in current releases to implement its user interface, and using pcap to capture packets; it runs on Linux, macOS, BSD, Solaris, some other Unix-like operating systems, and Microsoft Windows. There is also a terminal-based (non-GUI) version called TShark. Wireshark, and the other programs distributed with it such as TShark, are free software, released under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 or any later version.
Functionality
Wireshark is very similar to tcpdump, but has a graphical front-end and integrated sorting and filtering options.
Wireshark lets the user put network interface controllers into promiscuous mode (if supported by the network interface controller), so they can see all the traffic visible on that interface including unicast traffic not sent to that network interface controller's MAC address. However, when capturing with a packet analyzer in promiscuous mode on a port on a network switch, not all traffic through the switch is necessarily sent to the port where the capture is done, so capturing in promiscuous mode is not necessarily sufficient to see all network traffic. Port mirroring or various network taps extend capture to any point on the network. Simple passive taps are extremely resistant to tampering.
On Linux, BSD, and macOS, with libpcap 1.0.0 or later, Wireshark 1.4 and later can also put wireless network interface controllers into monitor mode.
If a remote machine captures packets and sends the captured packets to a machine running Wireshark using the TZSP protocol or the protocol used by OmniPeek, Wireshark dissects those packets, so it can analyze packets captured on a remote machine at the time that they are captured.
History
In the late 1990s, Gerald Combs, a computer science graduate of the University of Missouri–Kansas City, was working for a small Internet service provider. The commercial protocol analysis products at the time were priced around $1500 and did not run on the company's primary platforms (Solaris and Linux), so Gerald began writing Ethereal and released the first version around 1998. The Ethereal trademark is owned by Network Integration Services.
In May 2006, Combs accepted a job with CACE Technologies with Loris Degioanni. Combs still held copyright on most of Ethereal's source code (and the rest was re-distributable under the GNU GPL), so he used the contents of the Ethereal Subversion repository as the basis for the Wireshark repository. However, he did not own the Ethereal trademark, so he changed the name to Wireshark. In 2010 Riverbed Technology purchased CACE and took over as the primary sponsor of Wireshark. Ethereal development has ceased, and an Ethereal security advisory recommended switching to Wireshark. In 2022, Sysdig took over as the primary sponsor of Wireshark and in 2023, Sysdig established and put Wireshark into the Wireshark Foundation. Wireshark has won several industry awards over the years, including eWeek, InfoWorld, and PC Magazine. It is also the top-rated packet sniffer in the Insecure.Org network security tools survey and was the SourceForge Project of the Month in August 2010.Combs continues to maintain the overall code of Wireshark and issue releases of new versions of the software. The product website lists more than 2000 contributing authors.
Features
Wireshark is a data capturing program that "understands" the structure (encapsulation) of different networking protocols. It can parse and display the fields, along with their meanings as specified by different networking protocols. Wireshark uses pcap to capture packets, so it can only capture packets on the types of networks that pcap supports.
Data can be captured "from the wire" from a live network connection or read from a file of already-captured packets.
Live data can be read from different types of networks, including Ethernet, IEEE 802.11, PPP, and loopback.
Captured network data can be browsed via a GUI, or via the terminal (command line) version of the utility, TShark.
Captured files can be programmatically edited or converted via command-line switches to the "editcap" program.
Data display can be refined using a display filter.
Plug-ins can be created for dissecting new protocols.
VoIP calls in the captured traffic can be detected. If encoded in a compatible encoding, the media flow can even be played.
Raw USB traffic can be captured.
Wireless connections can also be filtered as long as they traverse the monitored Ethernet.
Various settings, timers, and filters can be set to provide the facility of filtering the output of the captured traffic.Wireshark's native network trace file formats are the libpcap format read and written by libpcap, WinPcap, and Npcap, so it can exchange captured network traces with other applications that use the same format, including tcpdump and CA NetMaster, and the pcapng format read by newer versions of libpcap. It can also read captures from other network analyzers, such as snoop, Network General's Sniffer, and Microsoft Network Monitor.
Security
Capturing raw network traffic from an interface requires elevated privileges on some platforms. For this reason, older versions of Wireshark and TShark often ran with superuser privileges. Considering the huge number of protocol dissectors that are called when traffic is captured and recognizing the possibility of a bug in a dissector, a serious security risk can be posed. Due to the rather large number of vulnerabilities in the past (of which many have allowed remote code execution) and developers' doubts for better future development, OpenBSD removed Ethereal from its ports tree prior to OpenBSD 3.6.Elevated privileges are not needed for all operations. For example, an alternative is to run tcpdump or the dumpcap utility that comes with Wireshark with superuser privileges to capture packets into a file, and later analyze the packets by running Wireshark with restricted privileges. To emulate near realtime analysis, each captured file may be merged by mergecap into a growing file processed by Wireshark. On wireless networks, it is possible to use the Aircrack wireless security tools to capture IEEE 802.11 frames and read the resulting dump files with Wireshark.
As of Wireshark 0.99.7, Wireshark and TShark run dumpcap to perform traffic capture. Platforms that require special privileges to capture traffic need only dumpcap run with those privileges. Neither Wireshark nor TShark need to or should be run with special privileges.
Color coding
Wireshark can color packets based on rules that match particular fields in packets, to help the user identify the types of traffic at a glance. A default set of rules is provided; users can change existing rules for coloring packets, add new rules, or remove rules.
Simulation packet capture
Wireshark can also be used to capture packets from most network simulation tools such as ns and OPNET Modeler.
See also
Capsa (software)
Comparison of packet analyzers
EtherApe
Fiddler (software)
netsniff-ng
ngrep
Omnipeek
tcptrace
Notes
References
External links
Official website
|
operating system
|
{
"answer_start": [
493
],
"text": [
"Microsoft Windows"
]
}
|
Wireshark is a free and open-source packet analyzer. It is used for network troubleshooting, analysis, software and communications protocol development, and education. Originally named Ethereal, the project was renamed Wireshark in May 2006 due to trademark issues.Wireshark is cross-platform, using the Qt widget toolkit in current releases to implement its user interface, and using pcap to capture packets; it runs on Linux, macOS, BSD, Solaris, some other Unix-like operating systems, and Microsoft Windows. There is also a terminal-based (non-GUI) version called TShark. Wireshark, and the other programs distributed with it such as TShark, are free software, released under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 or any later version.
Functionality
Wireshark is very similar to tcpdump, but has a graphical front-end and integrated sorting and filtering options.
Wireshark lets the user put network interface controllers into promiscuous mode (if supported by the network interface controller), so they can see all the traffic visible on that interface including unicast traffic not sent to that network interface controller's MAC address. However, when capturing with a packet analyzer in promiscuous mode on a port on a network switch, not all traffic through the switch is necessarily sent to the port where the capture is done, so capturing in promiscuous mode is not necessarily sufficient to see all network traffic. Port mirroring or various network taps extend capture to any point on the network. Simple passive taps are extremely resistant to tampering.
On Linux, BSD, and macOS, with libpcap 1.0.0 or later, Wireshark 1.4 and later can also put wireless network interface controllers into monitor mode.
If a remote machine captures packets and sends the captured packets to a machine running Wireshark using the TZSP protocol or the protocol used by OmniPeek, Wireshark dissects those packets, so it can analyze packets captured on a remote machine at the time that they are captured.
History
In the late 1990s, Gerald Combs, a computer science graduate of the University of Missouri–Kansas City, was working for a small Internet service provider. The commercial protocol analysis products at the time were priced around $1500 and did not run on the company's primary platforms (Solaris and Linux), so Gerald began writing Ethereal and released the first version around 1998. The Ethereal trademark is owned by Network Integration Services.
In May 2006, Combs accepted a job with CACE Technologies with Loris Degioanni. Combs still held copyright on most of Ethereal's source code (and the rest was re-distributable under the GNU GPL), so he used the contents of the Ethereal Subversion repository as the basis for the Wireshark repository. However, he did not own the Ethereal trademark, so he changed the name to Wireshark. In 2010 Riverbed Technology purchased CACE and took over as the primary sponsor of Wireshark. Ethereal development has ceased, and an Ethereal security advisory recommended switching to Wireshark. In 2022, Sysdig took over as the primary sponsor of Wireshark and in 2023, Sysdig established and put Wireshark into the Wireshark Foundation. Wireshark has won several industry awards over the years, including eWeek, InfoWorld, and PC Magazine. It is also the top-rated packet sniffer in the Insecure.Org network security tools survey and was the SourceForge Project of the Month in August 2010.Combs continues to maintain the overall code of Wireshark and issue releases of new versions of the software. The product website lists more than 2000 contributing authors.
Features
Wireshark is a data capturing program that "understands" the structure (encapsulation) of different networking protocols. It can parse and display the fields, along with their meanings as specified by different networking protocols. Wireshark uses pcap to capture packets, so it can only capture packets on the types of networks that pcap supports.
Data can be captured "from the wire" from a live network connection or read from a file of already-captured packets.
Live data can be read from different types of networks, including Ethernet, IEEE 802.11, PPP, and loopback.
Captured network data can be browsed via a GUI, or via the terminal (command line) version of the utility, TShark.
Captured files can be programmatically edited or converted via command-line switches to the "editcap" program.
Data display can be refined using a display filter.
Plug-ins can be created for dissecting new protocols.
VoIP calls in the captured traffic can be detected. If encoded in a compatible encoding, the media flow can even be played.
Raw USB traffic can be captured.
Wireless connections can also be filtered as long as they traverse the monitored Ethernet.
Various settings, timers, and filters can be set to provide the facility of filtering the output of the captured traffic.Wireshark's native network trace file formats are the libpcap format read and written by libpcap, WinPcap, and Npcap, so it can exchange captured network traces with other applications that use the same format, including tcpdump and CA NetMaster, and the pcapng format read by newer versions of libpcap. It can also read captures from other network analyzers, such as snoop, Network General's Sniffer, and Microsoft Network Monitor.
Security
Capturing raw network traffic from an interface requires elevated privileges on some platforms. For this reason, older versions of Wireshark and TShark often ran with superuser privileges. Considering the huge number of protocol dissectors that are called when traffic is captured and recognizing the possibility of a bug in a dissector, a serious security risk can be posed. Due to the rather large number of vulnerabilities in the past (of which many have allowed remote code execution) and developers' doubts for better future development, OpenBSD removed Ethereal from its ports tree prior to OpenBSD 3.6.Elevated privileges are not needed for all operations. For example, an alternative is to run tcpdump or the dumpcap utility that comes with Wireshark with superuser privileges to capture packets into a file, and later analyze the packets by running Wireshark with restricted privileges. To emulate near realtime analysis, each captured file may be merged by mergecap into a growing file processed by Wireshark. On wireless networks, it is possible to use the Aircrack wireless security tools to capture IEEE 802.11 frames and read the resulting dump files with Wireshark.
As of Wireshark 0.99.7, Wireshark and TShark run dumpcap to perform traffic capture. Platforms that require special privileges to capture traffic need only dumpcap run with those privileges. Neither Wireshark nor TShark need to or should be run with special privileges.
Color coding
Wireshark can color packets based on rules that match particular fields in packets, to help the user identify the types of traffic at a glance. A default set of rules is provided; users can change existing rules for coloring packets, add new rules, or remove rules.
Simulation packet capture
Wireshark can also be used to capture packets from most network simulation tools such as ns and OPNET Modeler.
See also
Capsa (software)
Comparison of packet analyzers
EtherApe
Fiddler (software)
netsniff-ng
ngrep
Omnipeek
tcptrace
Notes
References
External links
Official website
|
Commons category
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Wireshark"
]
}
|
Wireshark is a free and open-source packet analyzer. It is used for network troubleshooting, analysis, software and communications protocol development, and education. Originally named Ethereal, the project was renamed Wireshark in May 2006 due to trademark issues.Wireshark is cross-platform, using the Qt widget toolkit in current releases to implement its user interface, and using pcap to capture packets; it runs on Linux, macOS, BSD, Solaris, some other Unix-like operating systems, and Microsoft Windows. There is also a terminal-based (non-GUI) version called TShark. Wireshark, and the other programs distributed with it such as TShark, are free software, released under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 or any later version.
Functionality
Wireshark is very similar to tcpdump, but has a graphical front-end and integrated sorting and filtering options.
Wireshark lets the user put network interface controllers into promiscuous mode (if supported by the network interface controller), so they can see all the traffic visible on that interface including unicast traffic not sent to that network interface controller's MAC address. However, when capturing with a packet analyzer in promiscuous mode on a port on a network switch, not all traffic through the switch is necessarily sent to the port where the capture is done, so capturing in promiscuous mode is not necessarily sufficient to see all network traffic. Port mirroring or various network taps extend capture to any point on the network. Simple passive taps are extremely resistant to tampering.
On Linux, BSD, and macOS, with libpcap 1.0.0 or later, Wireshark 1.4 and later can also put wireless network interface controllers into monitor mode.
If a remote machine captures packets and sends the captured packets to a machine running Wireshark using the TZSP protocol or the protocol used by OmniPeek, Wireshark dissects those packets, so it can analyze packets captured on a remote machine at the time that they are captured.
History
In the late 1990s, Gerald Combs, a computer science graduate of the University of Missouri–Kansas City, was working for a small Internet service provider. The commercial protocol analysis products at the time were priced around $1500 and did not run on the company's primary platforms (Solaris and Linux), so Gerald began writing Ethereal and released the first version around 1998. The Ethereal trademark is owned by Network Integration Services.
In May 2006, Combs accepted a job with CACE Technologies with Loris Degioanni. Combs still held copyright on most of Ethereal's source code (and the rest was re-distributable under the GNU GPL), so he used the contents of the Ethereal Subversion repository as the basis for the Wireshark repository. However, he did not own the Ethereal trademark, so he changed the name to Wireshark. In 2010 Riverbed Technology purchased CACE and took over as the primary sponsor of Wireshark. Ethereal development has ceased, and an Ethereal security advisory recommended switching to Wireshark. In 2022, Sysdig took over as the primary sponsor of Wireshark and in 2023, Sysdig established and put Wireshark into the Wireshark Foundation. Wireshark has won several industry awards over the years, including eWeek, InfoWorld, and PC Magazine. It is also the top-rated packet sniffer in the Insecure.Org network security tools survey and was the SourceForge Project of the Month in August 2010.Combs continues to maintain the overall code of Wireshark and issue releases of new versions of the software. The product website lists more than 2000 contributing authors.
Features
Wireshark is a data capturing program that "understands" the structure (encapsulation) of different networking protocols. It can parse and display the fields, along with their meanings as specified by different networking protocols. Wireshark uses pcap to capture packets, so it can only capture packets on the types of networks that pcap supports.
Data can be captured "from the wire" from a live network connection or read from a file of already-captured packets.
Live data can be read from different types of networks, including Ethernet, IEEE 802.11, PPP, and loopback.
Captured network data can be browsed via a GUI, or via the terminal (command line) version of the utility, TShark.
Captured files can be programmatically edited or converted via command-line switches to the "editcap" program.
Data display can be refined using a display filter.
Plug-ins can be created for dissecting new protocols.
VoIP calls in the captured traffic can be detected. If encoded in a compatible encoding, the media flow can even be played.
Raw USB traffic can be captured.
Wireless connections can also be filtered as long as they traverse the monitored Ethernet.
Various settings, timers, and filters can be set to provide the facility of filtering the output of the captured traffic.Wireshark's native network trace file formats are the libpcap format read and written by libpcap, WinPcap, and Npcap, so it can exchange captured network traces with other applications that use the same format, including tcpdump and CA NetMaster, and the pcapng format read by newer versions of libpcap. It can also read captures from other network analyzers, such as snoop, Network General's Sniffer, and Microsoft Network Monitor.
Security
Capturing raw network traffic from an interface requires elevated privileges on some platforms. For this reason, older versions of Wireshark and TShark often ran with superuser privileges. Considering the huge number of protocol dissectors that are called when traffic is captured and recognizing the possibility of a bug in a dissector, a serious security risk can be posed. Due to the rather large number of vulnerabilities in the past (of which many have allowed remote code execution) and developers' doubts for better future development, OpenBSD removed Ethereal from its ports tree prior to OpenBSD 3.6.Elevated privileges are not needed for all operations. For example, an alternative is to run tcpdump or the dumpcap utility that comes with Wireshark with superuser privileges to capture packets into a file, and later analyze the packets by running Wireshark with restricted privileges. To emulate near realtime analysis, each captured file may be merged by mergecap into a growing file processed by Wireshark. On wireless networks, it is possible to use the Aircrack wireless security tools to capture IEEE 802.11 frames and read the resulting dump files with Wireshark.
As of Wireshark 0.99.7, Wireshark and TShark run dumpcap to perform traffic capture. Platforms that require special privileges to capture traffic need only dumpcap run with those privileges. Neither Wireshark nor TShark need to or should be run with special privileges.
Color coding
Wireshark can color packets based on rules that match particular fields in packets, to help the user identify the types of traffic at a glance. A default set of rules is provided; users can change existing rules for coloring packets, add new rules, or remove rules.
Simulation packet capture
Wireshark can also be used to capture packets from most network simulation tools such as ns and OPNET Modeler.
See also
Capsa (software)
Comparison of packet analyzers
EtherApe
Fiddler (software)
netsniff-ng
ngrep
Omnipeek
tcptrace
Notes
References
External links
Official website
|
Commons gallery
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Wireshark"
]
}
|
Wireshark is a free and open-source packet analyzer. It is used for network troubleshooting, analysis, software and communications protocol development, and education. Originally named Ethereal, the project was renamed Wireshark in May 2006 due to trademark issues.Wireshark is cross-platform, using the Qt widget toolkit in current releases to implement its user interface, and using pcap to capture packets; it runs on Linux, macOS, BSD, Solaris, some other Unix-like operating systems, and Microsoft Windows. There is also a terminal-based (non-GUI) version called TShark. Wireshark, and the other programs distributed with it such as TShark, are free software, released under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 or any later version.
Functionality
Wireshark is very similar to tcpdump, but has a graphical front-end and integrated sorting and filtering options.
Wireshark lets the user put network interface controllers into promiscuous mode (if supported by the network interface controller), so they can see all the traffic visible on that interface including unicast traffic not sent to that network interface controller's MAC address. However, when capturing with a packet analyzer in promiscuous mode on a port on a network switch, not all traffic through the switch is necessarily sent to the port where the capture is done, so capturing in promiscuous mode is not necessarily sufficient to see all network traffic. Port mirroring or various network taps extend capture to any point on the network. Simple passive taps are extremely resistant to tampering.
On Linux, BSD, and macOS, with libpcap 1.0.0 or later, Wireshark 1.4 and later can also put wireless network interface controllers into monitor mode.
If a remote machine captures packets and sends the captured packets to a machine running Wireshark using the TZSP protocol or the protocol used by OmniPeek, Wireshark dissects those packets, so it can analyze packets captured on a remote machine at the time that they are captured.
History
In the late 1990s, Gerald Combs, a computer science graduate of the University of Missouri–Kansas City, was working for a small Internet service provider. The commercial protocol analysis products at the time were priced around $1500 and did not run on the company's primary platforms (Solaris and Linux), so Gerald began writing Ethereal and released the first version around 1998. The Ethereal trademark is owned by Network Integration Services.
In May 2006, Combs accepted a job with CACE Technologies with Loris Degioanni. Combs still held copyright on most of Ethereal's source code (and the rest was re-distributable under the GNU GPL), so he used the contents of the Ethereal Subversion repository as the basis for the Wireshark repository. However, he did not own the Ethereal trademark, so he changed the name to Wireshark. In 2010 Riverbed Technology purchased CACE and took over as the primary sponsor of Wireshark. Ethereal development has ceased, and an Ethereal security advisory recommended switching to Wireshark. In 2022, Sysdig took over as the primary sponsor of Wireshark and in 2023, Sysdig established and put Wireshark into the Wireshark Foundation. Wireshark has won several industry awards over the years, including eWeek, InfoWorld, and PC Magazine. It is also the top-rated packet sniffer in the Insecure.Org network security tools survey and was the SourceForge Project of the Month in August 2010.Combs continues to maintain the overall code of Wireshark and issue releases of new versions of the software. The product website lists more than 2000 contributing authors.
Features
Wireshark is a data capturing program that "understands" the structure (encapsulation) of different networking protocols. It can parse and display the fields, along with their meanings as specified by different networking protocols. Wireshark uses pcap to capture packets, so it can only capture packets on the types of networks that pcap supports.
Data can be captured "from the wire" from a live network connection or read from a file of already-captured packets.
Live data can be read from different types of networks, including Ethernet, IEEE 802.11, PPP, and loopback.
Captured network data can be browsed via a GUI, or via the terminal (command line) version of the utility, TShark.
Captured files can be programmatically edited or converted via command-line switches to the "editcap" program.
Data display can be refined using a display filter.
Plug-ins can be created for dissecting new protocols.
VoIP calls in the captured traffic can be detected. If encoded in a compatible encoding, the media flow can even be played.
Raw USB traffic can be captured.
Wireless connections can also be filtered as long as they traverse the monitored Ethernet.
Various settings, timers, and filters can be set to provide the facility of filtering the output of the captured traffic.Wireshark's native network trace file formats are the libpcap format read and written by libpcap, WinPcap, and Npcap, so it can exchange captured network traces with other applications that use the same format, including tcpdump and CA NetMaster, and the pcapng format read by newer versions of libpcap. It can also read captures from other network analyzers, such as snoop, Network General's Sniffer, and Microsoft Network Monitor.
Security
Capturing raw network traffic from an interface requires elevated privileges on some platforms. For this reason, older versions of Wireshark and TShark often ran with superuser privileges. Considering the huge number of protocol dissectors that are called when traffic is captured and recognizing the possibility of a bug in a dissector, a serious security risk can be posed. Due to the rather large number of vulnerabilities in the past (of which many have allowed remote code execution) and developers' doubts for better future development, OpenBSD removed Ethereal from its ports tree prior to OpenBSD 3.6.Elevated privileges are not needed for all operations. For example, an alternative is to run tcpdump or the dumpcap utility that comes with Wireshark with superuser privileges to capture packets into a file, and later analyze the packets by running Wireshark with restricted privileges. To emulate near realtime analysis, each captured file may be merged by mergecap into a growing file processed by Wireshark. On wireless networks, it is possible to use the Aircrack wireless security tools to capture IEEE 802.11 frames and read the resulting dump files with Wireshark.
As of Wireshark 0.99.7, Wireshark and TShark run dumpcap to perform traffic capture. Platforms that require special privileges to capture traffic need only dumpcap run with those privileges. Neither Wireshark nor TShark need to or should be run with special privileges.
Color coding
Wireshark can color packets based on rules that match particular fields in packets, to help the user identify the types of traffic at a glance. A default set of rules is provided; users can change existing rules for coloring packets, add new rules, or remove rules.
Simulation packet capture
Wireshark can also be used to capture packets from most network simulation tools such as ns and OPNET Modeler.
See also
Capsa (software)
Comparison of packet analyzers
EtherApe
Fiddler (software)
netsniff-ng
ngrep
Omnipeek
tcptrace
Notes
References
External links
Official website
|
GUI toolkit or framework
|
{
"answer_start": [
304
],
"text": [
"Qt"
]
}
|
Wireshark is a free and open-source packet analyzer. It is used for network troubleshooting, analysis, software and communications protocol development, and education. Originally named Ethereal, the project was renamed Wireshark in May 2006 due to trademark issues.Wireshark is cross-platform, using the Qt widget toolkit in current releases to implement its user interface, and using pcap to capture packets; it runs on Linux, macOS, BSD, Solaris, some other Unix-like operating systems, and Microsoft Windows. There is also a terminal-based (non-GUI) version called TShark. Wireshark, and the other programs distributed with it such as TShark, are free software, released under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 or any later version.
Functionality
Wireshark is very similar to tcpdump, but has a graphical front-end and integrated sorting and filtering options.
Wireshark lets the user put network interface controllers into promiscuous mode (if supported by the network interface controller), so they can see all the traffic visible on that interface including unicast traffic not sent to that network interface controller's MAC address. However, when capturing with a packet analyzer in promiscuous mode on a port on a network switch, not all traffic through the switch is necessarily sent to the port where the capture is done, so capturing in promiscuous mode is not necessarily sufficient to see all network traffic. Port mirroring or various network taps extend capture to any point on the network. Simple passive taps are extremely resistant to tampering.
On Linux, BSD, and macOS, with libpcap 1.0.0 or later, Wireshark 1.4 and later can also put wireless network interface controllers into monitor mode.
If a remote machine captures packets and sends the captured packets to a machine running Wireshark using the TZSP protocol or the protocol used by OmniPeek, Wireshark dissects those packets, so it can analyze packets captured on a remote machine at the time that they are captured.
History
In the late 1990s, Gerald Combs, a computer science graduate of the University of Missouri–Kansas City, was working for a small Internet service provider. The commercial protocol analysis products at the time were priced around $1500 and did not run on the company's primary platforms (Solaris and Linux), so Gerald began writing Ethereal and released the first version around 1998. The Ethereal trademark is owned by Network Integration Services.
In May 2006, Combs accepted a job with CACE Technologies with Loris Degioanni. Combs still held copyright on most of Ethereal's source code (and the rest was re-distributable under the GNU GPL), so he used the contents of the Ethereal Subversion repository as the basis for the Wireshark repository. However, he did not own the Ethereal trademark, so he changed the name to Wireshark. In 2010 Riverbed Technology purchased CACE and took over as the primary sponsor of Wireshark. Ethereal development has ceased, and an Ethereal security advisory recommended switching to Wireshark. In 2022, Sysdig took over as the primary sponsor of Wireshark and in 2023, Sysdig established and put Wireshark into the Wireshark Foundation. Wireshark has won several industry awards over the years, including eWeek, InfoWorld, and PC Magazine. It is also the top-rated packet sniffer in the Insecure.Org network security tools survey and was the SourceForge Project of the Month in August 2010.Combs continues to maintain the overall code of Wireshark and issue releases of new versions of the software. The product website lists more than 2000 contributing authors.
Features
Wireshark is a data capturing program that "understands" the structure (encapsulation) of different networking protocols. It can parse and display the fields, along with their meanings as specified by different networking protocols. Wireshark uses pcap to capture packets, so it can only capture packets on the types of networks that pcap supports.
Data can be captured "from the wire" from a live network connection or read from a file of already-captured packets.
Live data can be read from different types of networks, including Ethernet, IEEE 802.11, PPP, and loopback.
Captured network data can be browsed via a GUI, or via the terminal (command line) version of the utility, TShark.
Captured files can be programmatically edited or converted via command-line switches to the "editcap" program.
Data display can be refined using a display filter.
Plug-ins can be created for dissecting new protocols.
VoIP calls in the captured traffic can be detected. If encoded in a compatible encoding, the media flow can even be played.
Raw USB traffic can be captured.
Wireless connections can also be filtered as long as they traverse the monitored Ethernet.
Various settings, timers, and filters can be set to provide the facility of filtering the output of the captured traffic.Wireshark's native network trace file formats are the libpcap format read and written by libpcap, WinPcap, and Npcap, so it can exchange captured network traces with other applications that use the same format, including tcpdump and CA NetMaster, and the pcapng format read by newer versions of libpcap. It can also read captures from other network analyzers, such as snoop, Network General's Sniffer, and Microsoft Network Monitor.
Security
Capturing raw network traffic from an interface requires elevated privileges on some platforms. For this reason, older versions of Wireshark and TShark often ran with superuser privileges. Considering the huge number of protocol dissectors that are called when traffic is captured and recognizing the possibility of a bug in a dissector, a serious security risk can be posed. Due to the rather large number of vulnerabilities in the past (of which many have allowed remote code execution) and developers' doubts for better future development, OpenBSD removed Ethereal from its ports tree prior to OpenBSD 3.6.Elevated privileges are not needed for all operations. For example, an alternative is to run tcpdump or the dumpcap utility that comes with Wireshark with superuser privileges to capture packets into a file, and later analyze the packets by running Wireshark with restricted privileges. To emulate near realtime analysis, each captured file may be merged by mergecap into a growing file processed by Wireshark. On wireless networks, it is possible to use the Aircrack wireless security tools to capture IEEE 802.11 frames and read the resulting dump files with Wireshark.
As of Wireshark 0.99.7, Wireshark and TShark run dumpcap to perform traffic capture. Platforms that require special privileges to capture traffic need only dumpcap run with those privileges. Neither Wireshark nor TShark need to or should be run with special privileges.
Color coding
Wireshark can color packets based on rules that match particular fields in packets, to help the user identify the types of traffic at a glance. A default set of rules is provided; users can change existing rules for coloring packets, add new rules, or remove rules.
Simulation packet capture
Wireshark can also be used to capture packets from most network simulation tools such as ns and OPNET Modeler.
See also
Capsa (software)
Comparison of packet analyzers
EtherApe
Fiddler (software)
netsniff-ng
ngrep
Omnipeek
tcptrace
Notes
References
External links
Official website
|
Free Software Directory entry
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Wireshark"
]
}
|
Wireshark is a free and open-source packet analyzer. It is used for network troubleshooting, analysis, software and communications protocol development, and education. Originally named Ethereal, the project was renamed Wireshark in May 2006 due to trademark issues.Wireshark is cross-platform, using the Qt widget toolkit in current releases to implement its user interface, and using pcap to capture packets; it runs on Linux, macOS, BSD, Solaris, some other Unix-like operating systems, and Microsoft Windows. There is also a terminal-based (non-GUI) version called TShark. Wireshark, and the other programs distributed with it such as TShark, are free software, released under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 or any later version.
Functionality
Wireshark is very similar to tcpdump, but has a graphical front-end and integrated sorting and filtering options.
Wireshark lets the user put network interface controllers into promiscuous mode (if supported by the network interface controller), so they can see all the traffic visible on that interface including unicast traffic not sent to that network interface controller's MAC address. However, when capturing with a packet analyzer in promiscuous mode on a port on a network switch, not all traffic through the switch is necessarily sent to the port where the capture is done, so capturing in promiscuous mode is not necessarily sufficient to see all network traffic. Port mirroring or various network taps extend capture to any point on the network. Simple passive taps are extremely resistant to tampering.
On Linux, BSD, and macOS, with libpcap 1.0.0 or later, Wireshark 1.4 and later can also put wireless network interface controllers into monitor mode.
If a remote machine captures packets and sends the captured packets to a machine running Wireshark using the TZSP protocol or the protocol used by OmniPeek, Wireshark dissects those packets, so it can analyze packets captured on a remote machine at the time that they are captured.
History
In the late 1990s, Gerald Combs, a computer science graduate of the University of Missouri–Kansas City, was working for a small Internet service provider. The commercial protocol analysis products at the time were priced around $1500 and did not run on the company's primary platforms (Solaris and Linux), so Gerald began writing Ethereal and released the first version around 1998. The Ethereal trademark is owned by Network Integration Services.
In May 2006, Combs accepted a job with CACE Technologies with Loris Degioanni. Combs still held copyright on most of Ethereal's source code (and the rest was re-distributable under the GNU GPL), so he used the contents of the Ethereal Subversion repository as the basis for the Wireshark repository. However, he did not own the Ethereal trademark, so he changed the name to Wireshark. In 2010 Riverbed Technology purchased CACE and took over as the primary sponsor of Wireshark. Ethereal development has ceased, and an Ethereal security advisory recommended switching to Wireshark. In 2022, Sysdig took over as the primary sponsor of Wireshark and in 2023, Sysdig established and put Wireshark into the Wireshark Foundation. Wireshark has won several industry awards over the years, including eWeek, InfoWorld, and PC Magazine. It is also the top-rated packet sniffer in the Insecure.Org network security tools survey and was the SourceForge Project of the Month in August 2010.Combs continues to maintain the overall code of Wireshark and issue releases of new versions of the software. The product website lists more than 2000 contributing authors.
Features
Wireshark is a data capturing program that "understands" the structure (encapsulation) of different networking protocols. It can parse and display the fields, along with their meanings as specified by different networking protocols. Wireshark uses pcap to capture packets, so it can only capture packets on the types of networks that pcap supports.
Data can be captured "from the wire" from a live network connection or read from a file of already-captured packets.
Live data can be read from different types of networks, including Ethernet, IEEE 802.11, PPP, and loopback.
Captured network data can be browsed via a GUI, or via the terminal (command line) version of the utility, TShark.
Captured files can be programmatically edited or converted via command-line switches to the "editcap" program.
Data display can be refined using a display filter.
Plug-ins can be created for dissecting new protocols.
VoIP calls in the captured traffic can be detected. If encoded in a compatible encoding, the media flow can even be played.
Raw USB traffic can be captured.
Wireless connections can also be filtered as long as they traverse the monitored Ethernet.
Various settings, timers, and filters can be set to provide the facility of filtering the output of the captured traffic.Wireshark's native network trace file formats are the libpcap format read and written by libpcap, WinPcap, and Npcap, so it can exchange captured network traces with other applications that use the same format, including tcpdump and CA NetMaster, and the pcapng format read by newer versions of libpcap. It can also read captures from other network analyzers, such as snoop, Network General's Sniffer, and Microsoft Network Monitor.
Security
Capturing raw network traffic from an interface requires elevated privileges on some platforms. For this reason, older versions of Wireshark and TShark often ran with superuser privileges. Considering the huge number of protocol dissectors that are called when traffic is captured and recognizing the possibility of a bug in a dissector, a serious security risk can be posed. Due to the rather large number of vulnerabilities in the past (of which many have allowed remote code execution) and developers' doubts for better future development, OpenBSD removed Ethereal from its ports tree prior to OpenBSD 3.6.Elevated privileges are not needed for all operations. For example, an alternative is to run tcpdump or the dumpcap utility that comes with Wireshark with superuser privileges to capture packets into a file, and later analyze the packets by running Wireshark with restricted privileges. To emulate near realtime analysis, each captured file may be merged by mergecap into a growing file processed by Wireshark. On wireless networks, it is possible to use the Aircrack wireless security tools to capture IEEE 802.11 frames and read the resulting dump files with Wireshark.
As of Wireshark 0.99.7, Wireshark and TShark run dumpcap to perform traffic capture. Platforms that require special privileges to capture traffic need only dumpcap run with those privileges. Neither Wireshark nor TShark need to or should be run with special privileges.
Color coding
Wireshark can color packets based on rules that match particular fields in packets, to help the user identify the types of traffic at a glance. A default set of rules is provided; users can change existing rules for coloring packets, add new rules, or remove rules.
Simulation packet capture
Wireshark can also be used to capture packets from most network simulation tools such as ns and OPNET Modeler.
See also
Capsa (software)
Comparison of packet analyzers
EtherApe
Fiddler (software)
netsniff-ng
ngrep
Omnipeek
tcptrace
Notes
References
External links
Official website
|
Quora topic ID
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Wireshark"
]
}
|
Solanke is a Nigerian and Indian surname that may refer to:
Ade Solanke, British-Nigerian playwright and screenwriter
Dominic Solanke (born 1997), English footballer
Folake Solanke (born 1932), Nigerian lawyer, administrator, and social critic
Iyiola Solanke, academic lawyer
Jimi Solanke (born 1942), Nigerian film actor, dramatist, folk singer, poet and playwright
Ladipo Solanke (c. 1886–1958), Nigerian political activist
Prakashdada Solanke (born 1955), Indian politician
Sundarrao Solanke (1927–2014), Indian politician
See also
Solanki
|
native label
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Solanke"
]
}
|
The Theodore White House, also known as the White Sisters House, is located in South English, Iowa, United States. Theodore White was a local merchant who operated a general store. The family operated White State Bank from 1908 to 1919. He had this house built in 1900, and it remained in the family until the early 1970s. The house is a transitional Queen Anne, which is unique in South English for both its scale and style. The two-story, frame house features a corner tower with a conical roof, a wrap-around porch built on brick piers, and pedimented dormers on the hip roof. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.
== References ==
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
252
],
"text": [
"house"
]
}
|
The Theodore White House, also known as the White Sisters House, is located in South English, Iowa, United States. Theodore White was a local merchant who operated a general store. The family operated White State Bank from 1908 to 1919. He had this house built in 1900, and it remained in the family until the early 1970s. The house is a transitional Queen Anne, which is unique in South English for both its scale and style. The two-story, frame house features a corner tower with a conical roof, a wrap-around porch built on brick piers, and pedimented dormers on the hip roof. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.
== References ==
|
located in the administrative territorial entity
|
{
"answer_start": [
79
],
"text": [
"South English"
]
}
|
Elmer Edwin Leifer (May 23, 1893 – September 26, 1948) was a pinch hitter in Major League Baseball. He played for the Chicago White Sox in 1921.In 1922, while playing for the Little Rock Travelers of the Class-A Southern Association, Leifer was injured in a collision with teammate Travis Jackson, ending Leifer's playing career. Leifer continued to suffer from the effects of the collision in his later life. Leifer committed suicide by swallowing an overdose of Nembutal.
References
External links
Career statistics and player information from Baseball Reference
|
member of sports team
|
{
"answer_start": [
118
],
"text": [
"Chicago White Sox"
]
}
|
Elmer Edwin Leifer (May 23, 1893 – September 26, 1948) was a pinch hitter in Major League Baseball. He played for the Chicago White Sox in 1921.In 1922, while playing for the Little Rock Travelers of the Class-A Southern Association, Leifer was injured in a collision with teammate Travis Jackson, ending Leifer's playing career. Leifer continued to suffer from the effects of the collision in his later life. Leifer committed suicide by swallowing an overdose of Nembutal.
References
External links
Career statistics and player information from Baseball Reference
|
league
|
{
"answer_start": [
77
],
"text": [
"Major League Baseball"
]
}
|
Elmer Edwin Leifer (May 23, 1893 – September 26, 1948) was a pinch hitter in Major League Baseball. He played for the Chicago White Sox in 1921.In 1922, while playing for the Little Rock Travelers of the Class-A Southern Association, Leifer was injured in a collision with teammate Travis Jackson, ending Leifer's playing career. Leifer continued to suffer from the effects of the collision in his later life. Leifer committed suicide by swallowing an overdose of Nembutal.
References
External links
Career statistics and player information from Baseball Reference
|
given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Elmer"
]
}
|
Elmer Edwin Leifer (May 23, 1893 – September 26, 1948) was a pinch hitter in Major League Baseball. He played for the Chicago White Sox in 1921.In 1922, while playing for the Little Rock Travelers of the Class-A Southern Association, Leifer was injured in a collision with teammate Travis Jackson, ending Leifer's playing career. Leifer continued to suffer from the effects of the collision in his later life. Leifer committed suicide by swallowing an overdose of Nembutal.
References
External links
Career statistics and player information from Baseball Reference
|
manner of death
|
{
"answer_start": [
427
],
"text": [
"suicide"
]
}
|
The Kerala Legislative Assembly election of 1960 was the second assembly election in the Indian state of Kerala. The elections were held on 1 February 1960.
Background
In the 1957 elections in Kerala, the Communist Party of India formed the government with the support of five independents. But in 1959, the Central Government dismissed the democratically elected government through the controversial Article 356 of the Indian Constitution following "The Liberation Struggle", even though the elected communist government was enjoying majority support within the legislature. After a short period of the President's rule, fresh elections were called in 1960.
Constituencies
There were 114 legislative assembly constituencies in the Kerala Legislative Assembly, 1957. Out of these 102 were single-member constituencies while the number of double-member constituencies was 12. One constituency was reserved for Schedule Caste. There were 64,77,665 electors in single-member constituencies, while in double-member constituencies there were 15,63,333 electors. Total 312 candidates contested for the 126 seats of the 114 constituencies in the Assembly. Poll percentage was 85.72%, an increase of 20.23% from 65.49% in 1957 assembly elections.
Political parties
Four national parties, Communist Party of India, Indian National Congress, Praja Socialist Party and Bharatiya Jana Sangha along with the state party Muslim League took part in the assembly election. In these elections, the Indian National Congress, Praja Socialist Party, and Indian Union Muslim League formed a pre-poll alliance to counter the Communist Party of India. Together they fielded 125 candidates and supported an independent candidate, while the Communist Party of India fielded 108 candidates and gave party support to 16 independents.
Results
By constituency
Government formation
Congress and Praja Socialist Party alliance got the majority in the election and hence formed the government. Pattom A. Thanu Pillai of the Praja Socialist Party became the chief minister and R. Sankar of the Indian National Congress became the deputy chief minister on 22 February 1960, with eleven council ministers.Pattam A. Thanu Pillai resigned on 26 September 1962 after he was appointed as the Governor of Punjab and R. Sankar became the first Congress Chief Minister of Kerala.
See also
The Liberation Struggle
President's rule
1960 elections in India
Pattom Thanupillai Ministry
R. Sankar Ministry
1957 Kerala Legislative Assembly election
== References ==
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
89
],
"text": [
"India"
]
}
|
The Kerala Legislative Assembly election of 1960 was the second assembly election in the Indian state of Kerala. The elections were held on 1 February 1960.
Background
In the 1957 elections in Kerala, the Communist Party of India formed the government with the support of five independents. But in 1959, the Central Government dismissed the democratically elected government through the controversial Article 356 of the Indian Constitution following "The Liberation Struggle", even though the elected communist government was enjoying majority support within the legislature. After a short period of the President's rule, fresh elections were called in 1960.
Constituencies
There were 114 legislative assembly constituencies in the Kerala Legislative Assembly, 1957. Out of these 102 were single-member constituencies while the number of double-member constituencies was 12. One constituency was reserved for Schedule Caste. There were 64,77,665 electors in single-member constituencies, while in double-member constituencies there were 15,63,333 electors. Total 312 candidates contested for the 126 seats of the 114 constituencies in the Assembly. Poll percentage was 85.72%, an increase of 20.23% from 65.49% in 1957 assembly elections.
Political parties
Four national parties, Communist Party of India, Indian National Congress, Praja Socialist Party and Bharatiya Jana Sangha along with the state party Muslim League took part in the assembly election. In these elections, the Indian National Congress, Praja Socialist Party, and Indian Union Muslim League formed a pre-poll alliance to counter the Communist Party of India. Together they fielded 125 candidates and supported an independent candidate, while the Communist Party of India fielded 108 candidates and gave party support to 16 independents.
Results
By constituency
Government formation
Congress and Praja Socialist Party alliance got the majority in the election and hence formed the government. Pattom A. Thanu Pillai of the Praja Socialist Party became the chief minister and R. Sankar of the Indian National Congress became the deputy chief minister on 22 February 1960, with eleven council ministers.Pattam A. Thanu Pillai resigned on 26 September 1962 after he was appointed as the Governor of Punjab and R. Sankar became the first Congress Chief Minister of Kerala.
See also
The Liberation Struggle
President's rule
1960 elections in India
Pattom Thanupillai Ministry
R. Sankar Ministry
1957 Kerala Legislative Assembly election
== References ==
|
follows
|
{
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"text": [
"1957 Kerala Legislative Assembly election"
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|
The Kerala Legislative Assembly election of 1960 was the second assembly election in the Indian state of Kerala. The elections were held on 1 February 1960.
Background
In the 1957 elections in Kerala, the Communist Party of India formed the government with the support of five independents. But in 1959, the Central Government dismissed the democratically elected government through the controversial Article 356 of the Indian Constitution following "The Liberation Struggle", even though the elected communist government was enjoying majority support within the legislature. After a short period of the President's rule, fresh elections were called in 1960.
Constituencies
There were 114 legislative assembly constituencies in the Kerala Legislative Assembly, 1957. Out of these 102 were single-member constituencies while the number of double-member constituencies was 12. One constituency was reserved for Schedule Caste. There were 64,77,665 electors in single-member constituencies, while in double-member constituencies there were 15,63,333 electors. Total 312 candidates contested for the 126 seats of the 114 constituencies in the Assembly. Poll percentage was 85.72%, an increase of 20.23% from 65.49% in 1957 assembly elections.
Political parties
Four national parties, Communist Party of India, Indian National Congress, Praja Socialist Party and Bharatiya Jana Sangha along with the state party Muslim League took part in the assembly election. In these elections, the Indian National Congress, Praja Socialist Party, and Indian Union Muslim League formed a pre-poll alliance to counter the Communist Party of India. Together they fielded 125 candidates and supported an independent candidate, while the Communist Party of India fielded 108 candidates and gave party support to 16 independents.
Results
By constituency
Government formation
Congress and Praja Socialist Party alliance got the majority in the election and hence formed the government. Pattom A. Thanu Pillai of the Praja Socialist Party became the chief minister and R. Sankar of the Indian National Congress became the deputy chief minister on 22 February 1960, with eleven council ministers.Pattam A. Thanu Pillai resigned on 26 September 1962 after he was appointed as the Governor of Punjab and R. Sankar became the first Congress Chief Minister of Kerala.
See also
The Liberation Struggle
President's rule
1960 elections in India
Pattom Thanupillai Ministry
R. Sankar Ministry
1957 Kerala Legislative Assembly election
== References ==
|
applies to jurisdiction
|
{
"answer_start": [
4
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"text": [
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|
The Falacho River (Portuguese pronunciation: [fɐˈlaʃu]) is a small river in the Portuguese region of the Algarve and is a tributary of the Arade River with the river's confluence located west of the town of Silves.
== References ==
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"river"
]
}
|
Natalia Bratiuk (born 15 July 1986) is a Russian Paralympic cross country skier and biathlete who won bronze medal at the 2014 Winter Paralympics in Sochi, Russia. In 2013, she was silver medalist at IPC Biathlon and Cross-Country Skiing World Championships.
She participated in the 2018 Winter Paralympics, finishing sixth.
== References ==
|
country of citizenship
|
{
"answer_start": [
41
],
"text": [
"Russia"
]
}
|
Natalia Bratiuk (born 15 July 1986) is a Russian Paralympic cross country skier and biathlete who won bronze medal at the 2014 Winter Paralympics in Sochi, Russia. In 2013, she was silver medalist at IPC Biathlon and Cross-Country Skiing World Championships.
She participated in the 2018 Winter Paralympics, finishing sixth.
== References ==
|
occupation
|
{
"answer_start": [
84
],
"text": [
"biathlete"
]
}
|
Natalia Bratiuk (born 15 July 1986) is a Russian Paralympic cross country skier and biathlete who won bronze medal at the 2014 Winter Paralympics in Sochi, Russia. In 2013, she was silver medalist at IPC Biathlon and Cross-Country Skiing World Championships.
She participated in the 2018 Winter Paralympics, finishing sixth.
== References ==
|
given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Natalia"
]
}
|
Natalia Bratiuk (born 15 July 1986) is a Russian Paralympic cross country skier and biathlete who won bronze medal at the 2014 Winter Paralympics in Sochi, Russia. In 2013, she was silver medalist at IPC Biathlon and Cross-Country Skiing World Championships.
She participated in the 2018 Winter Paralympics, finishing sixth.
== References ==
|
languages spoken, written or signed
|
{
"answer_start": [
41
],
"text": [
"Russian"
]
}
|
Natalia Bratiuk (born 15 July 1986) is a Russian Paralympic cross country skier and biathlete who won bronze medal at the 2014 Winter Paralympics in Sochi, Russia. In 2013, she was silver medalist at IPC Biathlon and Cross-Country Skiing World Championships.
She participated in the 2018 Winter Paralympics, finishing sixth.
== References ==
|
country for sport
|
{
"answer_start": [
41
],
"text": [
"Russia"
]
}
|
Polków [ˈpɔlkuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zduńska Wola, within Zduńska Wola County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) west of Zduńska Wola and 48 km (30 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
== References ==
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
141
],
"text": [
"Poland"
]
}
|
Polków [ˈpɔlkuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zduńska Wola, within Zduńska Wola County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) west of Zduńska Wola and 48 km (30 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
== References ==
|
located in the administrative territorial entity
|
{
"answer_start": [
64
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"text": [
"Gmina Zduńska Wola"
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|
Mankachar is a census town in South Salmara-Mankachar District in the Indian state of Assam. It is situated at the extreme south-westernmost end of North-East India
Geography
Mankachar is located at 25.53°N 89.87°E / 25.53; 89.87. It has an average elevation of 27 m (89 ft). In the north there is Hatsingimari, in the east and south there is the state of Meghalaya and in the west there is the international border with Bangladesh.
Politics
Mankachar is part of Dhubri (Lok Sabha constituency).
It is the number 21 constituency of the Assam Legislative Assembly.Major Political parties are :
1. Indian National Congress INC
2. All India United Democratic Front AIUDF
3. Asom Gana Parishad AGP
4. Socialist Unity Centre of india(Communist) SUCI(C)
Education
Mankachar College
J.M.H.S School,Mankachar
A.A Latif Girls Institution,Mankachar
Little Star English Academy
Green Valley English Academy
Gyann Peeth Jatiyo Vidyalaya
Sonali Axom Jatiyo Vidyalaya
Thakuranbari Jatiyo Vidyalaya
Medical
Community Health Centre, Mankachar
Brahmaputra eye care and Nursing home, Mankachar
Brahmaputra X -ray, Mankachar
Anju Health Care Diagnostic Center
Noor Enterprise (Wholesale Medicine Distributor)
Notable People
Adv.Aminul Islam, Current MLA - 21 Mankachar Constituency, General Secretary & Chief Spokesperson (AIUDF), Politician, Social Worker
Kobad Hussain Ahmed, First MLA of Mankachar Constituency, Politician
Zahirul Islam, former Minister of Assam, Politician
Aminul Islam, former Minister of Assam, Politician
== References ==
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
70
],
"text": [
"India"
]
}
|
Mankachar is a census town in South Salmara-Mankachar District in the Indian state of Assam. It is situated at the extreme south-westernmost end of North-East India
Geography
Mankachar is located at 25.53°N 89.87°E / 25.53; 89.87. It has an average elevation of 27 m (89 ft). In the north there is Hatsingimari, in the east and south there is the state of Meghalaya and in the west there is the international border with Bangladesh.
Politics
Mankachar is part of Dhubri (Lok Sabha constituency).
It is the number 21 constituency of the Assam Legislative Assembly.Major Political parties are :
1. Indian National Congress INC
2. All India United Democratic Front AIUDF
3. Asom Gana Parishad AGP
4. Socialist Unity Centre of india(Communist) SUCI(C)
Education
Mankachar College
J.M.H.S School,Mankachar
A.A Latif Girls Institution,Mankachar
Little Star English Academy
Green Valley English Academy
Gyann Peeth Jatiyo Vidyalaya
Sonali Axom Jatiyo Vidyalaya
Thakuranbari Jatiyo Vidyalaya
Medical
Community Health Centre, Mankachar
Brahmaputra eye care and Nursing home, Mankachar
Brahmaputra X -ray, Mankachar
Anju Health Care Diagnostic Center
Noor Enterprise (Wholesale Medicine Distributor)
Notable People
Adv.Aminul Islam, Current MLA - 21 Mankachar Constituency, General Secretary & Chief Spokesperson (AIUDF), Politician, Social Worker
Kobad Hussain Ahmed, First MLA of Mankachar Constituency, Politician
Zahirul Islam, former Minister of Assam, Politician
Aminul Islam, former Minister of Assam, Politician
== References ==
|
elevation above sea level
|
{
"answer_start": [
264
],
"text": [
"27"
]
}
|
Candorville is a syndicated newspaper comic strip written and illustrated by Darrin Bell. Launched in September 2003 by The Washington Post Writers Group, Candorville features young black and Latino characters living in the inner city. Using the vehicle of humor, Candorville presents social and political commentary as well as the stories of its protagonists.
Publication history
Candorville grew out of a comic strip called Lemont Brown, which appeared in the student newspaper of UC Berkeley, The Daily Californian, from 1993 to 2003. It still appears in the Daily Californian under its new title, and it is that newspaper's longest-running comic strip. Candorville appears in most of America's largest newspapers. It also runs in Spanish-language newspapers where it is translated by the author's wife, Laura Bustamante.Candorville and Bell's other strip, Rudy Park, exist in a shared universe. For a period in 2017, the strips were amalgamated while Bell was dealing with health and exhaustion issues. In June 2018, Bell ended Rudy Park, although characters from that strip will continue to appear in Candorville. (Candorville is syndicated in many more newspapers than was Rudy Park.)Because of its political content, Candorville, like Doonesbury, sometimes appears on a newspaper's editorial page rather than its comics page; like G.B. Trudeau's strip, Candorville has been accused of having a liberal slant, which has prevented the strip from being syndicated to some right-leaning newspapers. This is despite the fact that Candorville has lampooned liberal organizations like PETA, and liberal politicians like Hillary Clinton, Howard Dean, John Edwards, and Barack Obama.
In late 2022 syndication of Candorville moved to King Features Syndicate as the Washington Post Writers Group wound down its comics line.
Characters and story
Main characters
Lemont Brown is the strip's main character. A talented young black writer, Lemont began regularly submitting articles to The New Yorker, and was regularly rejected in humiliating fashion. During this period Lemont worked for minimum wage at Pigville Pork Burgers. Constant prodding from his best friend Susan led him to create his own blog, which eventually led to his employment by a newspaper. Lemont is thoughtful, responsible, and clever, and he cares about both the world and his small circle of friends, whom he has known all his life. He is the consummate nerd, cannot dance, and is obsessed with science fiction. He is often seen self-referentially reading the book Thank God for Culture Clash, which is a collection of Candorville cartoons.He got engaged to Roxanne, an ignorant and deranged woman who had his love child. Based on actions in the strip, he did not appear to love this woman, but proposed to her anyway, apparently to stay close to his child. Eventually they broke up, with Lemont gaining custody of his son. This is a conflict with his (slowly and subconsciously) developing romantic feelings for and relationship with Susan Garcia (see below). He once wrote about the love of "Leroy" and "Susana" on his blog. Roxanne, as it turns out, might be an evil vampire. Meanwhile, his newspaper, the Candorville Chronicle, fired all of its reporters except for Lemont, so Lemont is working as the paper's Senior White House Correspondent.Susan Garcia is Lemont's best friend. An upwardly-mobile Latina who works as a top executive at an advertising agency, Susan is ambitious, straightforward, and maybe a little too wrapped up in herself. She is constantly frustrated that Lemont does not seem to know how to make his dream a reality, as she did. She has a sister who changed her name from Esperanza to Hope (A possible reference to The House on Mango Street) in order to appear to be Anglo instead of Mexican. Susan has known Lemont all her life and they have been platonic friends, but they seem to have deeper romantic feelings for one another that neither one will acknowledge. However, as recently as the June 5, 2008, comic, Susan accidentally revealed to Lemont she loved him while offering to pay off his credit card debt. When Lemont frustrates her, she occasionally lapses into Spanish, like Ricky Ricardo. Susan's nemesis is her assistant at work, Dick Fink, who seems to sabotage her and obviously wants her job. Her clueless and ethically challenged boss is Mr. Fitzhugh (possibly an homage to the philosopher George Fitzhugh who argued in favor of slavery as the natural and necessary state of black people). Mr. Fitzhugh often makes small changes to Susan's advertising campaigns to make them more dishonest. He once wore a T-shirt to work that said: "We invaded Iraq and all I got was this lousy $25 million contract."
Clyde Dogg (also known as C-Dog) is Lemont's foil. Like Lemont, Clyde grew up in a broken home. Unlike Lemont, Clyde is irresponsible and lazy, and he blames everyone else for his own shortcomings. He seems to purposely validate every stereotype about black men, for which Lemont regularly scolds him. He seems stupid at times, but other times it seems as though his "stupidity" is an act he puts on just to thumb his nose to the world. Clyde dresses and acts like a thug, and very well might be one. But the only time he has been seen stealing so far, it has been from Lemont. He gets caught, but perhaps it's because he wants to get caught. He often calls Lemont "Big L", probably a reference to the rapper of the same name since Big L's first name was also Lamont. He castigates Lemont for "acting white" whenever Lemont reads a book or crosses the street at a crosswalk, and he jealously guards his thuggish street reputation. He once crossed the street at a crosswalk, for which his other friends called him a sellout. To get back in their good graces, C-Dog put a recliner in the middle of a busy street and went to sleep on it during rush hour, for which he was sent to jail. C-Dog is an aspiring rapper, and is unemployed. He has an illegitimate business selling fake Botox injections out of his trench coat in a dark alley. Curiously, months after C-Dog began that business, several real-life incidents occurred where women died after receiving fake Botox injections. Clyde has also periodically showed moments of surprising political insight, such as when he talked about how Mr Church embodied the "Magical Negro" stereotype "Real Movie Names". Candorville. August 29, 2016., and when he commented about racist policing "Dreams Make Real Life Worse 2". Candorville. August 25, 2016..
Supporting characters
Reverend Wilfred is a formerly liberal Democratic reverend in the mold of Al Sharpton, but after receiving almost $1 million from the White House Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives, the good Reverend suddenly did a 180 and became an ultra-conservative Bush supporter who uses his pulpit to preach against the evils of liberalism. He has recently begun to be slightly more skeptical of his turn-around, but has yet to recant his new ideals. It is revealed that he has used the entirety of his pay-off to better his community. He may be somewhat based on Jesse Lee Peterson.
Dick Fink is Susan's backstabbing assistant who is very obviously out to undermine her.
Roxanne is Lemont's white fiancée. A vegan, Lemont brought her to a steak restaurant for their first date and it went downhill from there, but somehow Roxanne ended up pregnant with Lemont's child. Lemont, whose father walked out on his mother when he was a child, is desperate to make sure his child avoids his fate, and agrees to marry her. Unfortunately, it is nearly impossible to think of two people less suited for each other. While Lemont is easy-going and free-thinking, Roxanne is belligerent and bitter. She is insanely jealous of Susan and Lemont's friendship (sensing Lemont's subconscious love for Susan), and has attempted to break up the friendship between the two, but without success. Their child has been born and first appeared in a comic in October 2007.
Saxon Kenchu is a childhood friend of Roxanne's who claims that she's actually a vampire, and he is a Dhampir the half-vampire offspring of her and a vampire hunter named Artemis Kenchu. It's unclear whether this is true or whether this is an elaborate ruse he's using to break up Roxanne and Lemont (since he knows Lemont's heavily into sci fi and fantasy, he might be manipulating him).
Bus Stop Guy is a neocon who goes through great logical contortions to rationalize current events, such as the push against stem-cell research, the Iraq War, driving an SUV, the campaign against gay marriage, and many other issues.
Homeless Dudes Tyrone and Rosencrantz often appear living in alleys, cardboard boxes and on the sidewalks. They engage in absurdist dialogue and commentary. The two homeless characters may be an homage to the titular characters of the play Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead.
Past and Future Lemont Lemont is occasionally visited in his dreams by both past and future versions of himself. One version, who visits him from the past, is six or seven years old. The other version is 70–80 years old and speaks very cryptically. Once, before interviewing a Hurricane Katrina victim, Lemont was visited by himself from one week later, warning him to do something that he ended up not doing. A few times, the strip has been set in 1982 and past Lemont is the main character, who receives visits from present Lemont warning him to stay away from girls, and telling him to buy only certain comic books which will appreciate in value by the present day.
Mainstream Media Guy (also known as MSM guy) is a big, grinning, football jersey-wearing embodiment of the oblivious mainstream mass media. He first appeared in August 2006. Lemont runs into the MSM guy at the bus stop every once in a while, and the MSM guy shouts trivial news items to him, while ignoring or downplaying important events. He is related to The Internet, who is mostly the same except for not wearing any clothes save for a tin foil hat, and being slightly more erratic (believing that shaking hands can transmit Alzheimer's disease, among other things).
Al Qaeda's #2 Man is a walking, dismembered corpse who keeps getting blown up, coincidentally every time President Bush or the GOP are scoring badly in opinion polls.
Collections
Eight collections of Candorville have been published in book form:
Candorville: Thank God for Culture Clash (2005) — fearlessly covers bigotry, poverty, homelessness, biracialism, personal responsibility, and more while never losing sight of the humor behind these weighty issues. The strip targets the socially conscious by tackling tough issues with irony, satire, and humor.
Another Stereotype Bites the Dust: a Candorville Collection (2006)
Katrina's Ghost: The Third Candorville Collection (2009)
The Starbucks at the End of the World: The 4th Candorville Collection (2011)
Run! Vampires, Werewolves, the One That Got Away, and Other Demons: The 5th Candorville Collection (2011) — the story looks on the main character, Lemont, whose new success as The Chronicle's senior White House correspondent may be short-lived; as a startling revelation about his evil fiancée motivates him and Dr. Noodle to travel on a journey to Mexico, where they face bloodthirsty demons, vampires, werewolves, and drug cartels. At home, in honor of the first black President, Lemont's friend C-Dog summons the ghost of Richard Pryor for advice on how to stop saying the N-word. He finds himself on the run, impersonating Lemont on his book tour to hide from the insanely huge brother of a girl he's wronged. And as Susan makes a life-altering pact with her backstabbing assistant, Lemont travels back in time to the Nineties to help his younger self seduce her ex-lover.
Does the Afterlife Have Skittles?: The 6th Candorville Collection (2013)
Goodnight Grandpa (2015) — Bell's popular character, Lemont, has written a memoir, but when Lemont's wife, Susan, gets to the part where Lemont explains how he and a demon, La Llorona, accidentally caused the end of the world, Susan questions his sanity and debates on saving their relationship. While Lemont's political blog explodes, he faces his challenges at home. Lemont accompanies a 94-year-old World War II veteran on his final journey in the story.
Color-Blinded (2016) — Lemont's a single dad raising a mysteriously smart two-year-old. He's also a journalist single-handedly running one of the top news sites in the country. The comic is based around Lemont trying to figure out how to cover the breaking news in Uganda and Russia, and interview every candidate in the 2016 presidential race. Lamont has to face the process of explaining to his son why he's supposed to respect the police, when the police don't seem to face any repercussions for killing so many unarmed people who look just like his dad. Despite his best efforts, people start to wonder if C-Dog is secretly the smartest, most morally upstanding man in the neighborhood. At the ad agency, Susan discovers why her boss won't ever let her fire her evil, conniving assistant. And Lemont accompanies the recently departed comedian Robin Williams on his final journey.
References
External links
Official website
Candorville at GoComics.com (updates ended November, 2022)
Candorville at ComicsKingdom.com (beginning December, 2022)
Official author website
Rudy Park website
Candorville book collections
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Dalagang Bukid (English: Country Maiden) is a 1919 Filipino silent film. Directed by José Nepomuceno, it is recognized as the first full-length Filipino produced and directed feature film. An adaptation of the Tagalog sarsuwela of the same name by Hermogenes Ilagan, the film stars Atang de la Rama and Marceliano Ilagan, both of whom reprise their roles from the original sarsuwela production.
All of Nepomuceno's films, including Dalagang Bukid and its sequel La Venganza de Don Silvestre, are lost.
Plot
Angelita (Atang de la Rama), a young flower vendor who works in front of a cabaret named Dalagang Bukid, and poor law student Cipriano (Marceliano Ilagan) are in love. However, Angelita is forced by her parents to marry a wealthy loan shark, Don Silvestre, as they need money to pay for their gambling habit and other vices. Angelita's parents grant Don Silvestre permission to marry their daughter after he arranges for her to win a beauty contest. Before the coronation, Angelita and Cipriano wed in secret at Santa Cruz Church. They travel together to the coronation pageant only to inform Don Silvestre that they are now married. The film ends with the elderly loan shark fainting upon hearing the news.
Cast
Atang de la Rama as Angelita
Marceliano Ilagan as Cipriano
Production
Prior to Dalagang Bukid, several foreigners had directed and produced films in the Philippines, including Edward Meyer Gross's Vida y Muerte del Dr. José Rizal (1912) and Albert Yearsley's Walang Sugat (1912). Inspired by the foreign filmmakers, photo studio owner José Nepomuceno became interested in moving pictures and purchased equipment from Gross's Rizalina Film Manufacturing Company. On May 15, 1917, Nepomuceno set up the film production company Malayan Movies.
After producing short news reels and documentaries, Nepomuceno decided to direct and produce an adaptation of Hermogenes Ilagan and Leon Ignacio's popular sarsuwela Dalagang Bukid. The sarsuwela was first staged in 1917 by Compañia de Zarzuela Ilagan at the Teatro Zorilla. It starred Atang de la Rama, who reprised her role in Nepomuceno's film adaptation.
Release
The film premiered on September 12, 1919 at Teatro de la Comedia before moving to the Empire Theatre. Although it is a silent film, during its theatrical run, its lead actress Atang de la Rama would standby in the theater's wings to sing the theme song "Nabasag ang Banga" (The Clay Pot Broke) as the film played.The film was a box office success, making a ₱90,000 return after a week of screening.
Reception
The film received mixed reviews upon release. The Manila Nueva found that it is "a realistic portrait of many Filipino families, although its pessimistic tone is a bit exaggerated." Meanwhile, The Citizen criticized the film for being "all that the play is not" and "an incoherent jumble of scenes that border on the childish and the ridiculous and the exotic."
Themes
Despite its earlier negative review, a contemporary article published in The Citizen associated Dalagang Bukid with the rise of a national consciousness in cinema. It suggested that the film would be "the forerunner of many more films that have for their motif the depicting of the Philippine life and social conditions peculiar to the type of our culture and civilization." The article added that "the motion picture appears to have some bearing on the subject" of Philippine independence from American occupation.Film historian Nadi Tofighian suggests that the choice of a Tagalog sarsuwela as source material for his first film meant José Nepomuceno wanted to show typical Filipino life against growing "Americanisation." He draws attention to the "central role and symbolic value" of Filipino national hero José Rizal, whose portrait hangs in the home of the film's heroine Angelita.Nepomuceno himself declared that his film company's purpose was to make films "to the conditions and tastes of the country," which Filipino film historian Nick Deocampo considers a pitch towards nationalism against the influence of America. Deocampo highlights, however, that the declaration fails to consider the Spanish colonial influence on the source material and subsequent film.
Sequel
In the original sarsuwela production, Don Silvestre begrudgingly gives the young couple his blessing. In the film adaptation, he merely faints upon hearing the news of their marriage. This gave way for the production of a sequel, La Venganza de Don Silvestre, which premiered a month later on October 12, 1919.
Legacy
The film was officially recognized as the first Filipino produced and directed film by the Philippine government in the 2018 Proclamation No. 622. The Proclamation declared September 12, 2019 to September 11, 2020 the centennial year of Philippine cinema. The dates were chosen as Dalagang Bukid would celebrate its centennial that year.
References
Works cited
Further reading
External links
Dalagang Bukid at IMDb
|
instance of
|
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"text": [
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|
Dalagang Bukid (English: Country Maiden) is a 1919 Filipino silent film. Directed by José Nepomuceno, it is recognized as the first full-length Filipino produced and directed feature film. An adaptation of the Tagalog sarsuwela of the same name by Hermogenes Ilagan, the film stars Atang de la Rama and Marceliano Ilagan, both of whom reprise their roles from the original sarsuwela production.
All of Nepomuceno's films, including Dalagang Bukid and its sequel La Venganza de Don Silvestre, are lost.
Plot
Angelita (Atang de la Rama), a young flower vendor who works in front of a cabaret named Dalagang Bukid, and poor law student Cipriano (Marceliano Ilagan) are in love. However, Angelita is forced by her parents to marry a wealthy loan shark, Don Silvestre, as they need money to pay for their gambling habit and other vices. Angelita's parents grant Don Silvestre permission to marry their daughter after he arranges for her to win a beauty contest. Before the coronation, Angelita and Cipriano wed in secret at Santa Cruz Church. They travel together to the coronation pageant only to inform Don Silvestre that they are now married. The film ends with the elderly loan shark fainting upon hearing the news.
Cast
Atang de la Rama as Angelita
Marceliano Ilagan as Cipriano
Production
Prior to Dalagang Bukid, several foreigners had directed and produced films in the Philippines, including Edward Meyer Gross's Vida y Muerte del Dr. José Rizal (1912) and Albert Yearsley's Walang Sugat (1912). Inspired by the foreign filmmakers, photo studio owner José Nepomuceno became interested in moving pictures and purchased equipment from Gross's Rizalina Film Manufacturing Company. On May 15, 1917, Nepomuceno set up the film production company Malayan Movies.
After producing short news reels and documentaries, Nepomuceno decided to direct and produce an adaptation of Hermogenes Ilagan and Leon Ignacio's popular sarsuwela Dalagang Bukid. The sarsuwela was first staged in 1917 by Compañia de Zarzuela Ilagan at the Teatro Zorilla. It starred Atang de la Rama, who reprised her role in Nepomuceno's film adaptation.
Release
The film premiered on September 12, 1919 at Teatro de la Comedia before moving to the Empire Theatre. Although it is a silent film, during its theatrical run, its lead actress Atang de la Rama would standby in the theater's wings to sing the theme song "Nabasag ang Banga" (The Clay Pot Broke) as the film played.The film was a box office success, making a ₱90,000 return after a week of screening.
Reception
The film received mixed reviews upon release. The Manila Nueva found that it is "a realistic portrait of many Filipino families, although its pessimistic tone is a bit exaggerated." Meanwhile, The Citizen criticized the film for being "all that the play is not" and "an incoherent jumble of scenes that border on the childish and the ridiculous and the exotic."
Themes
Despite its earlier negative review, a contemporary article published in The Citizen associated Dalagang Bukid with the rise of a national consciousness in cinema. It suggested that the film would be "the forerunner of many more films that have for their motif the depicting of the Philippine life and social conditions peculiar to the type of our culture and civilization." The article added that "the motion picture appears to have some bearing on the subject" of Philippine independence from American occupation.Film historian Nadi Tofighian suggests that the choice of a Tagalog sarsuwela as source material for his first film meant José Nepomuceno wanted to show typical Filipino life against growing "Americanisation." He draws attention to the "central role and symbolic value" of Filipino national hero José Rizal, whose portrait hangs in the home of the film's heroine Angelita.Nepomuceno himself declared that his film company's purpose was to make films "to the conditions and tastes of the country," which Filipino film historian Nick Deocampo considers a pitch towards nationalism against the influence of America. Deocampo highlights, however, that the declaration fails to consider the Spanish colonial influence on the source material and subsequent film.
Sequel
In the original sarsuwela production, Don Silvestre begrudgingly gives the young couple his blessing. In the film adaptation, he merely faints upon hearing the news of their marriage. This gave way for the production of a sequel, La Venganza de Don Silvestre, which premiered a month later on October 12, 1919.
Legacy
The film was officially recognized as the first Filipino produced and directed film by the Philippine government in the 2018 Proclamation No. 622. The Proclamation declared September 12, 2019 to September 11, 2020 the centennial year of Philippine cinema. The dates were chosen as Dalagang Bukid would celebrate its centennial that year.
References
Works cited
Further reading
External links
Dalagang Bukid at IMDb
|
director
|
{
"answer_start": [
85
],
"text": [
"José Nepomuceno"
]
}
|
Dalagang Bukid (English: Country Maiden) is a 1919 Filipino silent film. Directed by José Nepomuceno, it is recognized as the first full-length Filipino produced and directed feature film. An adaptation of the Tagalog sarsuwela of the same name by Hermogenes Ilagan, the film stars Atang de la Rama and Marceliano Ilagan, both of whom reprise their roles from the original sarsuwela production.
All of Nepomuceno's films, including Dalagang Bukid and its sequel La Venganza de Don Silvestre, are lost.
Plot
Angelita (Atang de la Rama), a young flower vendor who works in front of a cabaret named Dalagang Bukid, and poor law student Cipriano (Marceliano Ilagan) are in love. However, Angelita is forced by her parents to marry a wealthy loan shark, Don Silvestre, as they need money to pay for their gambling habit and other vices. Angelita's parents grant Don Silvestre permission to marry their daughter after he arranges for her to win a beauty contest. Before the coronation, Angelita and Cipriano wed in secret at Santa Cruz Church. They travel together to the coronation pageant only to inform Don Silvestre that they are now married. The film ends with the elderly loan shark fainting upon hearing the news.
Cast
Atang de la Rama as Angelita
Marceliano Ilagan as Cipriano
Production
Prior to Dalagang Bukid, several foreigners had directed and produced films in the Philippines, including Edward Meyer Gross's Vida y Muerte del Dr. José Rizal (1912) and Albert Yearsley's Walang Sugat (1912). Inspired by the foreign filmmakers, photo studio owner José Nepomuceno became interested in moving pictures and purchased equipment from Gross's Rizalina Film Manufacturing Company. On May 15, 1917, Nepomuceno set up the film production company Malayan Movies.
After producing short news reels and documentaries, Nepomuceno decided to direct and produce an adaptation of Hermogenes Ilagan and Leon Ignacio's popular sarsuwela Dalagang Bukid. The sarsuwela was first staged in 1917 by Compañia de Zarzuela Ilagan at the Teatro Zorilla. It starred Atang de la Rama, who reprised her role in Nepomuceno's film adaptation.
Release
The film premiered on September 12, 1919 at Teatro de la Comedia before moving to the Empire Theatre. Although it is a silent film, during its theatrical run, its lead actress Atang de la Rama would standby in the theater's wings to sing the theme song "Nabasag ang Banga" (The Clay Pot Broke) as the film played.The film was a box office success, making a ₱90,000 return after a week of screening.
Reception
The film received mixed reviews upon release. The Manila Nueva found that it is "a realistic portrait of many Filipino families, although its pessimistic tone is a bit exaggerated." Meanwhile, The Citizen criticized the film for being "all that the play is not" and "an incoherent jumble of scenes that border on the childish and the ridiculous and the exotic."
Themes
Despite its earlier negative review, a contemporary article published in The Citizen associated Dalagang Bukid with the rise of a national consciousness in cinema. It suggested that the film would be "the forerunner of many more films that have for their motif the depicting of the Philippine life and social conditions peculiar to the type of our culture and civilization." The article added that "the motion picture appears to have some bearing on the subject" of Philippine independence from American occupation.Film historian Nadi Tofighian suggests that the choice of a Tagalog sarsuwela as source material for his first film meant José Nepomuceno wanted to show typical Filipino life against growing "Americanisation." He draws attention to the "central role and symbolic value" of Filipino national hero José Rizal, whose portrait hangs in the home of the film's heroine Angelita.Nepomuceno himself declared that his film company's purpose was to make films "to the conditions and tastes of the country," which Filipino film historian Nick Deocampo considers a pitch towards nationalism against the influence of America. Deocampo highlights, however, that the declaration fails to consider the Spanish colonial influence on the source material and subsequent film.
Sequel
In the original sarsuwela production, Don Silvestre begrudgingly gives the young couple his blessing. In the film adaptation, he merely faints upon hearing the news of their marriage. This gave way for the production of a sequel, La Venganza de Don Silvestre, which premiered a month later on October 12, 1919.
Legacy
The film was officially recognized as the first Filipino produced and directed film by the Philippine government in the 2018 Proclamation No. 622. The Proclamation declared September 12, 2019 to September 11, 2020 the centennial year of Philippine cinema. The dates were chosen as Dalagang Bukid would celebrate its centennial that year.
References
Works cited
Further reading
External links
Dalagang Bukid at IMDb
|
genre
|
{
"answer_start": [
60
],
"text": [
"silent film"
]
}
|
Dalagang Bukid (English: Country Maiden) is a 1919 Filipino silent film. Directed by José Nepomuceno, it is recognized as the first full-length Filipino produced and directed feature film. An adaptation of the Tagalog sarsuwela of the same name by Hermogenes Ilagan, the film stars Atang de la Rama and Marceliano Ilagan, both of whom reprise their roles from the original sarsuwela production.
All of Nepomuceno's films, including Dalagang Bukid and its sequel La Venganza de Don Silvestre, are lost.
Plot
Angelita (Atang de la Rama), a young flower vendor who works in front of a cabaret named Dalagang Bukid, and poor law student Cipriano (Marceliano Ilagan) are in love. However, Angelita is forced by her parents to marry a wealthy loan shark, Don Silvestre, as they need money to pay for their gambling habit and other vices. Angelita's parents grant Don Silvestre permission to marry their daughter after he arranges for her to win a beauty contest. Before the coronation, Angelita and Cipriano wed in secret at Santa Cruz Church. They travel together to the coronation pageant only to inform Don Silvestre that they are now married. The film ends with the elderly loan shark fainting upon hearing the news.
Cast
Atang de la Rama as Angelita
Marceliano Ilagan as Cipriano
Production
Prior to Dalagang Bukid, several foreigners had directed and produced films in the Philippines, including Edward Meyer Gross's Vida y Muerte del Dr. José Rizal (1912) and Albert Yearsley's Walang Sugat (1912). Inspired by the foreign filmmakers, photo studio owner José Nepomuceno became interested in moving pictures and purchased equipment from Gross's Rizalina Film Manufacturing Company. On May 15, 1917, Nepomuceno set up the film production company Malayan Movies.
After producing short news reels and documentaries, Nepomuceno decided to direct and produce an adaptation of Hermogenes Ilagan and Leon Ignacio's popular sarsuwela Dalagang Bukid. The sarsuwela was first staged in 1917 by Compañia de Zarzuela Ilagan at the Teatro Zorilla. It starred Atang de la Rama, who reprised her role in Nepomuceno's film adaptation.
Release
The film premiered on September 12, 1919 at Teatro de la Comedia before moving to the Empire Theatre. Although it is a silent film, during its theatrical run, its lead actress Atang de la Rama would standby in the theater's wings to sing the theme song "Nabasag ang Banga" (The Clay Pot Broke) as the film played.The film was a box office success, making a ₱90,000 return after a week of screening.
Reception
The film received mixed reviews upon release. The Manila Nueva found that it is "a realistic portrait of many Filipino families, although its pessimistic tone is a bit exaggerated." Meanwhile, The Citizen criticized the film for being "all that the play is not" and "an incoherent jumble of scenes that border on the childish and the ridiculous and the exotic."
Themes
Despite its earlier negative review, a contemporary article published in The Citizen associated Dalagang Bukid with the rise of a national consciousness in cinema. It suggested that the film would be "the forerunner of many more films that have for their motif the depicting of the Philippine life and social conditions peculiar to the type of our culture and civilization." The article added that "the motion picture appears to have some bearing on the subject" of Philippine independence from American occupation.Film historian Nadi Tofighian suggests that the choice of a Tagalog sarsuwela as source material for his first film meant José Nepomuceno wanted to show typical Filipino life against growing "Americanisation." He draws attention to the "central role and symbolic value" of Filipino national hero José Rizal, whose portrait hangs in the home of the film's heroine Angelita.Nepomuceno himself declared that his film company's purpose was to make films "to the conditions and tastes of the country," which Filipino film historian Nick Deocampo considers a pitch towards nationalism against the influence of America. Deocampo highlights, however, that the declaration fails to consider the Spanish colonial influence on the source material and subsequent film.
Sequel
In the original sarsuwela production, Don Silvestre begrudgingly gives the young couple his blessing. In the film adaptation, he merely faints upon hearing the news of their marriage. This gave way for the production of a sequel, La Venganza de Don Silvestre, which premiered a month later on October 12, 1919.
Legacy
The film was officially recognized as the first Filipino produced and directed film by the Philippine government in the 2018 Proclamation No. 622. The Proclamation declared September 12, 2019 to September 11, 2020 the centennial year of Philippine cinema. The dates were chosen as Dalagang Bukid would celebrate its centennial that year.
References
Works cited
Further reading
External links
Dalagang Bukid at IMDb
|
cast member
|
{
"answer_start": [
282
],
"text": [
"Atang de la Rama"
]
}
|
Dalagang Bukid (English: Country Maiden) is a 1919 Filipino silent film. Directed by José Nepomuceno, it is recognized as the first full-length Filipino produced and directed feature film. An adaptation of the Tagalog sarsuwela of the same name by Hermogenes Ilagan, the film stars Atang de la Rama and Marceliano Ilagan, both of whom reprise their roles from the original sarsuwela production.
All of Nepomuceno's films, including Dalagang Bukid and its sequel La Venganza de Don Silvestre, are lost.
Plot
Angelita (Atang de la Rama), a young flower vendor who works in front of a cabaret named Dalagang Bukid, and poor law student Cipriano (Marceliano Ilagan) are in love. However, Angelita is forced by her parents to marry a wealthy loan shark, Don Silvestre, as they need money to pay for their gambling habit and other vices. Angelita's parents grant Don Silvestre permission to marry their daughter after he arranges for her to win a beauty contest. Before the coronation, Angelita and Cipriano wed in secret at Santa Cruz Church. They travel together to the coronation pageant only to inform Don Silvestre that they are now married. The film ends with the elderly loan shark fainting upon hearing the news.
Cast
Atang de la Rama as Angelita
Marceliano Ilagan as Cipriano
Production
Prior to Dalagang Bukid, several foreigners had directed and produced films in the Philippines, including Edward Meyer Gross's Vida y Muerte del Dr. José Rizal (1912) and Albert Yearsley's Walang Sugat (1912). Inspired by the foreign filmmakers, photo studio owner José Nepomuceno became interested in moving pictures and purchased equipment from Gross's Rizalina Film Manufacturing Company. On May 15, 1917, Nepomuceno set up the film production company Malayan Movies.
After producing short news reels and documentaries, Nepomuceno decided to direct and produce an adaptation of Hermogenes Ilagan and Leon Ignacio's popular sarsuwela Dalagang Bukid. The sarsuwela was first staged in 1917 by Compañia de Zarzuela Ilagan at the Teatro Zorilla. It starred Atang de la Rama, who reprised her role in Nepomuceno's film adaptation.
Release
The film premiered on September 12, 1919 at Teatro de la Comedia before moving to the Empire Theatre. Although it is a silent film, during its theatrical run, its lead actress Atang de la Rama would standby in the theater's wings to sing the theme song "Nabasag ang Banga" (The Clay Pot Broke) as the film played.The film was a box office success, making a ₱90,000 return after a week of screening.
Reception
The film received mixed reviews upon release. The Manila Nueva found that it is "a realistic portrait of many Filipino families, although its pessimistic tone is a bit exaggerated." Meanwhile, The Citizen criticized the film for being "all that the play is not" and "an incoherent jumble of scenes that border on the childish and the ridiculous and the exotic."
Themes
Despite its earlier negative review, a contemporary article published in The Citizen associated Dalagang Bukid with the rise of a national consciousness in cinema. It suggested that the film would be "the forerunner of many more films that have for their motif the depicting of the Philippine life and social conditions peculiar to the type of our culture and civilization." The article added that "the motion picture appears to have some bearing on the subject" of Philippine independence from American occupation.Film historian Nadi Tofighian suggests that the choice of a Tagalog sarsuwela as source material for his first film meant José Nepomuceno wanted to show typical Filipino life against growing "Americanisation." He draws attention to the "central role and symbolic value" of Filipino national hero José Rizal, whose portrait hangs in the home of the film's heroine Angelita.Nepomuceno himself declared that his film company's purpose was to make films "to the conditions and tastes of the country," which Filipino film historian Nick Deocampo considers a pitch towards nationalism against the influence of America. Deocampo highlights, however, that the declaration fails to consider the Spanish colonial influence on the source material and subsequent film.
Sequel
In the original sarsuwela production, Don Silvestre begrudgingly gives the young couple his blessing. In the film adaptation, he merely faints upon hearing the news of their marriage. This gave way for the production of a sequel, La Venganza de Don Silvestre, which premiered a month later on October 12, 1919.
Legacy
The film was officially recognized as the first Filipino produced and directed film by the Philippine government in the 2018 Proclamation No. 622. The Proclamation declared September 12, 2019 to September 11, 2020 the centennial year of Philippine cinema. The dates were chosen as Dalagang Bukid would celebrate its centennial that year.
References
Works cited
Further reading
External links
Dalagang Bukid at IMDb
|
director of photography
|
{
"answer_start": [
85
],
"text": [
"José Nepomuceno"
]
}
|
Dalagang Bukid (English: Country Maiden) is a 1919 Filipino silent film. Directed by José Nepomuceno, it is recognized as the first full-length Filipino produced and directed feature film. An adaptation of the Tagalog sarsuwela of the same name by Hermogenes Ilagan, the film stars Atang de la Rama and Marceliano Ilagan, both of whom reprise their roles from the original sarsuwela production.
All of Nepomuceno's films, including Dalagang Bukid and its sequel La Venganza de Don Silvestre, are lost.
Plot
Angelita (Atang de la Rama), a young flower vendor who works in front of a cabaret named Dalagang Bukid, and poor law student Cipriano (Marceliano Ilagan) are in love. However, Angelita is forced by her parents to marry a wealthy loan shark, Don Silvestre, as they need money to pay for their gambling habit and other vices. Angelita's parents grant Don Silvestre permission to marry their daughter after he arranges for her to win a beauty contest. Before the coronation, Angelita and Cipriano wed in secret at Santa Cruz Church. They travel together to the coronation pageant only to inform Don Silvestre that they are now married. The film ends with the elderly loan shark fainting upon hearing the news.
Cast
Atang de la Rama as Angelita
Marceliano Ilagan as Cipriano
Production
Prior to Dalagang Bukid, several foreigners had directed and produced films in the Philippines, including Edward Meyer Gross's Vida y Muerte del Dr. José Rizal (1912) and Albert Yearsley's Walang Sugat (1912). Inspired by the foreign filmmakers, photo studio owner José Nepomuceno became interested in moving pictures and purchased equipment from Gross's Rizalina Film Manufacturing Company. On May 15, 1917, Nepomuceno set up the film production company Malayan Movies.
After producing short news reels and documentaries, Nepomuceno decided to direct and produce an adaptation of Hermogenes Ilagan and Leon Ignacio's popular sarsuwela Dalagang Bukid. The sarsuwela was first staged in 1917 by Compañia de Zarzuela Ilagan at the Teatro Zorilla. It starred Atang de la Rama, who reprised her role in Nepomuceno's film adaptation.
Release
The film premiered on September 12, 1919 at Teatro de la Comedia before moving to the Empire Theatre. Although it is a silent film, during its theatrical run, its lead actress Atang de la Rama would standby in the theater's wings to sing the theme song "Nabasag ang Banga" (The Clay Pot Broke) as the film played.The film was a box office success, making a ₱90,000 return after a week of screening.
Reception
The film received mixed reviews upon release. The Manila Nueva found that it is "a realistic portrait of many Filipino families, although its pessimistic tone is a bit exaggerated." Meanwhile, The Citizen criticized the film for being "all that the play is not" and "an incoherent jumble of scenes that border on the childish and the ridiculous and the exotic."
Themes
Despite its earlier negative review, a contemporary article published in The Citizen associated Dalagang Bukid with the rise of a national consciousness in cinema. It suggested that the film would be "the forerunner of many more films that have for their motif the depicting of the Philippine life and social conditions peculiar to the type of our culture and civilization." The article added that "the motion picture appears to have some bearing on the subject" of Philippine independence from American occupation.Film historian Nadi Tofighian suggests that the choice of a Tagalog sarsuwela as source material for his first film meant José Nepomuceno wanted to show typical Filipino life against growing "Americanisation." He draws attention to the "central role and symbolic value" of Filipino national hero José Rizal, whose portrait hangs in the home of the film's heroine Angelita.Nepomuceno himself declared that his film company's purpose was to make films "to the conditions and tastes of the country," which Filipino film historian Nick Deocampo considers a pitch towards nationalism against the influence of America. Deocampo highlights, however, that the declaration fails to consider the Spanish colonial influence on the source material and subsequent film.
Sequel
In the original sarsuwela production, Don Silvestre begrudgingly gives the young couple his blessing. In the film adaptation, he merely faints upon hearing the news of their marriage. This gave way for the production of a sequel, La Venganza de Don Silvestre, which premiered a month later on October 12, 1919.
Legacy
The film was officially recognized as the first Filipino produced and directed film by the Philippine government in the 2018 Proclamation No. 622. The Proclamation declared September 12, 2019 to September 11, 2020 the centennial year of Philippine cinema. The dates were chosen as Dalagang Bukid would celebrate its centennial that year.
References
Works cited
Further reading
External links
Dalagang Bukid at IMDb
|
country of origin
|
{
"answer_start": [
1376
],
"text": [
"Philippines"
]
}
|
Patrick "Pa" Bourke (born 18 May 1988 in Thurles, County Tipperary) is an Irish sportsperson. He plays hurling with his local club Thurles Sarsfields and with the Tipperary senior inter-county team.
Early life
Pa Bourke was born in Thurles, County Tipperary in 1988. He was born into a family steeped in hurling history as his grandfather, John Maher, captained Tipperary to the All-Ireland title in 1945, having already won senior All-Ireland medals as far back as 1930 and 1937. Bourke was educated locally at the Christian Brothers secondary school in the town, where his hurling skills were first developed. He was a key member of the team in 2005 when his school were defeated by St. Flannans of Ennis in the final of the Dr. Harty Cup.
Playing career
Club
Bourke plays his club hurling with the famous Thurles Sarsfields club in his home town and has enjoyed some success. He first came to prominence as a dual player at minor level. Bourke had little success on the minor hurling field; however, he won back-to-back minor football titles in 2005 and 2006. His performance in the latter final earned him the Man of the Match title. Bourke has since moved onto the club's under-21 and senior teams. Pa won his second county championship medal in 2009 with a starring role for the team in their victory over neighbours Drom & Inch. In 2010 Sarsfields defeated Toomevara in the county semi final with Bourke scoring a crucial last minute goal to sicken the former champions. Bourke suffered a minor injury to the calf three weeks later whilst on vacation in Corfu.
Inter-county
Bourke first came to prominence on the inter-county scene as a member of the Tipperary minor hurling team in 2005, however, he had little success in his first year. Cork defeated Tipp in the Munster final in 2006, however, Tipp still qualified for the All-Ireland final. On that occasion Tipp defeated Galway giving Bourke an All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship medal. Bourke also finished the championship as the top scorers after recording a respectable 3 goals and 35 points in only a handful of games. He made his senior debut in 2007, however, it was an unhappy year for Tipperary's senior hurling team. Bourke returned to the substitute's bench for Tipp's National Hurling League triumph in 2008. Pa is still enjoying success at club level and recently scored 6.3 earning him man of the match against Loughmore in the Mid Tipperary Senior hurling final.
On 5 September 2010, Bourke was a non-playing substitute as Tipperary won their 26th All Ireland title, beating reigning champions Killkenny by 4-17 to 1-18 in the final, preventing Kilkenny from achieving an historic 5-in-a-row, it was Bourke's first All-Ireland winners medal.
Career statistics
Club
As of match played 29 October 2017.
References
External links
Tipperary Player Profiles
== Teams ==
|
place of birth
|
{
"answer_start": [
41
],
"text": [
"Thurles"
]
}
|
Patrick "Pa" Bourke (born 18 May 1988 in Thurles, County Tipperary) is an Irish sportsperson. He plays hurling with his local club Thurles Sarsfields and with the Tipperary senior inter-county team.
Early life
Pa Bourke was born in Thurles, County Tipperary in 1988. He was born into a family steeped in hurling history as his grandfather, John Maher, captained Tipperary to the All-Ireland title in 1945, having already won senior All-Ireland medals as far back as 1930 and 1937. Bourke was educated locally at the Christian Brothers secondary school in the town, where his hurling skills were first developed. He was a key member of the team in 2005 when his school were defeated by St. Flannans of Ennis in the final of the Dr. Harty Cup.
Playing career
Club
Bourke plays his club hurling with the famous Thurles Sarsfields club in his home town and has enjoyed some success. He first came to prominence as a dual player at minor level. Bourke had little success on the minor hurling field; however, he won back-to-back minor football titles in 2005 and 2006. His performance in the latter final earned him the Man of the Match title. Bourke has since moved onto the club's under-21 and senior teams. Pa won his second county championship medal in 2009 with a starring role for the team in their victory over neighbours Drom & Inch. In 2010 Sarsfields defeated Toomevara in the county semi final with Bourke scoring a crucial last minute goal to sicken the former champions. Bourke suffered a minor injury to the calf three weeks later whilst on vacation in Corfu.
Inter-county
Bourke first came to prominence on the inter-county scene as a member of the Tipperary minor hurling team in 2005, however, he had little success in his first year. Cork defeated Tipp in the Munster final in 2006, however, Tipp still qualified for the All-Ireland final. On that occasion Tipp defeated Galway giving Bourke an All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship medal. Bourke also finished the championship as the top scorers after recording a respectable 3 goals and 35 points in only a handful of games. He made his senior debut in 2007, however, it was an unhappy year for Tipperary's senior hurling team. Bourke returned to the substitute's bench for Tipp's National Hurling League triumph in 2008. Pa is still enjoying success at club level and recently scored 6.3 earning him man of the match against Loughmore in the Mid Tipperary Senior hurling final.
On 5 September 2010, Bourke was a non-playing substitute as Tipperary won their 26th All Ireland title, beating reigning champions Killkenny by 4-17 to 1-18 in the final, preventing Kilkenny from achieving an historic 5-in-a-row, it was Bourke's first All-Ireland winners medal.
Career statistics
Club
As of match played 29 October 2017.
References
External links
Tipperary Player Profiles
== Teams ==
|
sport
|
{
"answer_start": [
104
],
"text": [
"hurling"
]
}
|
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