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| premises
stringlengths 118
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| paragraph
stringlengths 111
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| conclusion
stringlengths 15
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| question
stringlengths 14
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stringlengths 54
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687 |
['It is rational to believe that either anaerobic bacteria are happy inside or abundant rainfall is a mixed blessing when managing deer habitat.', "Whenever it is true that anaerobic bacteria are happy inside, 'the statement, mental phenomena have a quasi-realistic status in ordinary consciousness, does not hold' is true.", "Whenever it is true that abundant rainfall is a mixed blessing when managing deer habitat, 'the statement, mental phenomena have a quasi-realistic status in ordinary consciousness, does not hold' is true."]
|
It is rational to believe that either anaerobic bacteria are happy inside or abundant rainfall is a mixed blessing when managing deer habitat. Whenever it is true that anaerobic bacteria are happy inside, 'the statement, mental phenomena have a quasi-realistic status in ordinary consciousness, does not hold' is true. Whenever it is true that abundant rainfall is a mixed blessing when managing deer habitat, 'the statement, mental phenomena have a quasi-realistic status in ordinary consciousness, does not hold' is true.
|
The statement, mental phenomena have a quasi-realistic status in ordinary consciousness, does not hold.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that mental phenomena show a 'twofold energy'.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then (Not [0].).
If [2], then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Mental phenomena have a quasi-realistic status in ordinary consciousness.', 1: 'Anaerobic bacteria are happy inside.', 2: 'Abundant rainfall is a mixed blessing when managing deer habitat.'}
| 1 |
500 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: raccoons are good swimmers, or rumen inert fats for lactating dairy cows.', 'If raccoons are good swimmers, then sentiment is a feeling disconnected from relationship.', 'Should it be the case that rumen inert fats for lactating dairy cows, it follows that sentiment is a feeling disconnected from relationship.']
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: raccoons are good swimmers, or rumen inert fats for lactating dairy cows. If raccoons are good swimmers, then sentiment is a feeling disconnected from relationship. Should it be the case that rumen inert fats for lactating dairy cows, it follows that sentiment is a feeling disconnected from relationship.
|
The statement 'sentiment is a feeling disconnected from relationship' can be considered true.
|
The notion that 'sentiment is a feeling disconnected from relationship' is untrue.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Sentiment is a feeling disconnected from relationship.', 1: 'Raccoons are good swimmers.', 2: 'Rumen inert fats for lactating dairy cows.'}
| 1 |
332 |
['It is a fact that either most voyeurs are men or inheritance refers to what parents leave their children.', 'The claim that most voyeurs are men is false.']
|
It is a fact that either most voyeurs are men or inheritance refers to what parents leave their children. The claim that most voyeurs are men is false.
|
It is the case that inheritance refers to what parents leave their children.
|
Inheritance is used in specifying object classes.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Inheritance refers to what parents leave their children.', 1: 'Most voyeurs are men.'}
| 1 |
979 |
["On the condition that the statement 'politicians face controversial choices' can be considered false, it is definitely the case that financial institutions provide economic development assistance.", "Provided that the statement 'politicians face controversial choices' can be considered false, we know that the claim that financial institutions provide economic development assistance has no merit."]
|
On the condition that the statement 'politicians face controversial choices' can be considered false, it is definitely the case that financial institutions provide economic development assistance. Provided that the statement 'politicians face controversial choices' can be considered false, we know that the claim that financial institutions provide economic development assistance has no merit.
|
The statement 'politicians face controversial choices' is true.
|
The statement 'politicians face controversial choices' is true.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Politicians face controversial choices.', 1: 'Financial institutions provide economic development assistance.'}
| 1 |
817 |
['Once we know it is a common misconception that most tortoises have legs, we also know that soy proteins have favorable effects.', 'When it is a common misconception that most tortoises have legs is true, it follows that it is not true that soy proteins have favorable effects.']
|
Once we know it is a common misconception that most tortoises have legs, we also know that soy proteins have favorable effects. When it is a common misconception that most tortoises have legs is true, it follows that it is not true that soy proteins have favorable effects.
|
Those that suggest most tortoises have legs are right.
|
Those that suggest most tortoises have legs are right.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Most tortoises have legs.', 1: 'Soy proteins have favorable effects.'}
| 1 |
620 |
["So long as the statement, rabbit vets prescribe proper treatments, does not hold, 'either most children have mother fathers or most leatherbacks return to nest beaches' is true.", 'Some people mistakenly believe that either most children have mother fathers or most leatherbacks return to nest beaches.']
|
So long as the statement, rabbit vets prescribe proper treatments, does not hold, 'either most children have mother fathers or most leatherbacks return to nest beaches' is true. Some people mistakenly believe that either most children have mother fathers or most leatherbacks return to nest beaches.
|
The statement 'rabbit vets prescribe proper treatments' is true.
|
The statement 'rabbit vets prescribe proper treatments' is true.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).
Not (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Rabbit vets prescribe proper treatments.', 1: 'Most children have mother fathers.', 2: 'Most leatherbacks return to nest beaches.'}
| 1 |
814 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: radio sets are part of stereos, or young caterpillars feed together and when older they feed alone.', 'We know that the claim that radio sets are part of stereos is false.']
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: radio sets are part of stereos, or young caterpillars feed together and when older they feed alone. We know that the claim that radio sets are part of stereos is false.
|
It is true that young caterpillars feed together and when older they feed alone.
|
It is true that young caterpillars feed together and when older they feed alone.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Young caterpillars feed together and when older they feed alone.', 1: 'Radio sets are part of stereos.'}
| 1 |
516 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: kinkajous have (part) skulls, or creepers are loner-types, content to live in our woodlands by themselves.', "The statement that 'kinkajous have (part) skulls' is incorrect."]
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: kinkajous have (part) skulls, or creepers are loner-types, content to live in our woodlands by themselves. The statement that 'kinkajous have (part) skulls' is incorrect.
|
The claim that creepers are loner-types, content to live in our woodlands by themselves holds true.
|
The claim that creepers are loner-types, content to live in our woodlands by themselves holds true.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Creepers are loner-types, content to live in our woodlands by themselves.', 1: 'Kinkajous have (part) skulls.'}
| 1 |
518 |
['Assuming patients have intake, we know that the claim that wasps rest on plants has no merit.', "The statement 'patients have intake' is true."]
|
Assuming patients have intake, we know that the claim that wasps rest on plants has no merit. The statement 'patients have intake' is true.
|
The claim that wasps rest on plants has no merit.
|
The claim that wasps rest on plants is true.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].).
[1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Wasps rest on plants.', 1: 'Patients have intake.'}
| 1 |
940 |
['At least one of two things is true: parallel machines can perform billions of operations in a heartbeat, or peel oranges and remove all white membranes.', 'The claim that parallel machines can perform billions of operations in a heartbeat has no merit.']
|
At least one of two things is true: parallel machines can perform billions of operations in a heartbeat, or peel oranges and remove all white membranes. The claim that parallel machines can perform billions of operations in a heartbeat has no merit.
|
It is the case that peel oranges and remove all white membranes.
|
Those that suggest peel oranges and remove all white membranes are wrong.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Peel oranges and remove all white membranes.', 1: 'Parallel machines can perform billions of operations in a heartbeat.'}
| 1 |
113 |
["So long as wills are the documents used to transfer property after death, 'intense storms accompany dust clouds' is true.", 'It is rational to agree that wills are the documents used to transfer property after death.']
|
So long as wills are the documents used to transfer property after death, 'intense storms accompany dust clouds' is true. It is rational to agree that wills are the documents used to transfer property after death.
|
It is fair to say that intense storms accompany dust clouds.
|
Most intense storms are caused by sunspot activities.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Intense storms accompany dust clouds.', 1: 'Wills are the documents used to transfer property after death.'}
| 1 |
612 |
['Once we know most physicians treat mold infection, we also know that koalas eat only eucalyptus leaves.', 'The idea that most physicians treat mold infection is true.']
|
Once we know most physicians treat mold infection, we also know that koalas eat only eucalyptus leaves. The idea that most physicians treat mold infection is true.
|
koalas eat only eucalyptus leaves.
|
Koalas reach ages.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Koalas eat only eucalyptus leaves.', 1: 'Most physicians treat mold infection.'}
| 1 |
37 |
["Given that the statement that 'if voles belong to the rodent category of mammals and have a striking resemblance to mice, then family caregivers are the nation's invisible health care system' is incorrect, it can be inferred that weight gain is very important with a multiple pregnancy.", "Assuming the statement that 'if voles belong to the rodent category of mammals and have a striking resemblance to mice, then family caregivers are the nation's invisible health care system' is incorrect, we know that it is not true that weight gain is very important with a multiple pregnancy."]
|
Given that the statement that 'if voles belong to the rodent category of mammals and have a striking resemblance to mice, then family caregivers are the nation's invisible health care system' is incorrect, it can be inferred that weight gain is very important with a multiple pregnancy. Assuming the statement that 'if voles belong to the rodent category of mammals and have a striking resemblance to mice, then family caregivers are the nation's invisible health care system' is incorrect, we know that it is not true that weight gain is very important with a multiple pregnancy.
|
One may reasonably assume that if voles belong to the rodent category of mammals and have a striking resemblance to mice, then family caregivers are the nation's invisible health care system.
|
One may reasonably assume that if voles belong to the rodent category of mammals and have a striking resemblance to mice, then family caregivers are the nation's invisible health care system.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Voles belong to the rodent category of mammals and have a striking resemblance to mice.', 1: "Family caregivers are the nation's invisible health care system.", 2: 'Weight gain is very important with a multiple pregnancy.'}
| 1 |
894 |
['Either ovulation is the release of an egg from the ovary or kelp grows on ropes.', "Should it be the case that ovulation is the release of an egg from the ovary, it follows that the statement 'either pollution is the contamination of air, soil, or water by the discharge of harmful substances or paleontology is very much a world science' can be considered false.", "One may reasonably assume that if kelp grows on ropes, then the statement 'either pollution is the contamination of air, soil, or water by the discharge of harmful substances or paleontology is very much a world science' can be considered false."]
|
Either ovulation is the release of an egg from the ovary or kelp grows on ropes. Should it be the case that ovulation is the release of an egg from the ovary, it follows that the statement 'either pollution is the contamination of air, soil, or water by the discharge of harmful substances or paleontology is very much a world science' can be considered false. One may reasonably assume that if kelp grows on ropes, then the statement 'either pollution is the contamination of air, soil, or water by the discharge of harmful substances or paleontology is very much a world science' can be considered false.
|
The statement 'either pollution is the contamination of air, soil, or water by the discharge of harmful substances or paleontology is very much a world science' can be considered false.
|
The claim that pollution comes from sources does not correspond with reality.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (Not (Either [0] or [1].).).
If [3], then (Not (Either [0] or [1].).).
Therefore, Not (Either [0] or [1].)..
|
{0: 'Pollution is the contamination of air, soil, or water by the discharge of harmful substances.', 1: 'Paleontology is very much a world science.', 2: 'Ovulation is the release of an egg from the ovary.', 3: 'Kelp grows on ropes.'}
| 1 |
895 |
["So long as chill isa temperature, 'either most children adopt diets or some wolves kill calves' is true.", 'It is fair to say that chill isa temperature.']
|
So long as chill isa temperature, 'either most children adopt diets or some wolves kill calves' is true. It is fair to say that chill isa temperature.
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: most children adopt diets, or some wolves kill calves.
|
We know that the claim that either most children adopt diets or some wolves kill calves is false.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).
[2]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
|
{0: 'Most children adopt diets.', 1: 'Some wolves kill calves.', 2: 'Chill isa temperature.'}
| 1 |
992 |
['Once we know bookstores Save money to buy books from on-line bookstores, we also know that consumption of alcohol is a major factor in dancing like a fool.', "The statement 'bookstores Save money to buy books from on-line bookstores' can be considered true."]
|
Once we know bookstores Save money to buy books from on-line bookstores, we also know that consumption of alcohol is a major factor in dancing like a fool. The statement 'bookstores Save money to buy books from on-line bookstores' can be considered true.
|
Many people rightly believe that consumption of alcohol is a major factor in dancing like a fool.
|
We know that the claim that consumption of alcohol is a major factor in dancing like a fool is false.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Consumption of alcohol is a major factor in dancing like a fool.', 1: 'Bookstores Save money to buy books from on-line bookstores.'}
| 1 |
158 |
['One may reasonably assume that if either nuclear fusion occurs in the stars or wildfire isa occurrence, then the statement that states users enter life is false.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: nuclear fusion occurs in the stars, or wildfire isa occurrence.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if either nuclear fusion occurs in the stars or wildfire isa occurrence, then the statement that states users enter life is false. Either one or both of these statements are true: nuclear fusion occurs in the stars, or wildfire isa occurrence.
|
The statement that states users enter life is false.
|
The statement that states users enter life is right.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [1] or [2].), then (Not [0].).
Either [1] or [2].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Users enter life.', 1: 'Nuclear fusion occurs in the stars.', 2: 'Wildfire isa occurrence.'}
| 1 |
154 |
['At least one of two things is true: chaparrals are home to deer, snakes, birds, and lizards, or pests cause diseases.', 'When chaparrals are home to deer, snakes, birds, and lizards is true, it follows that either devolution encourages politicised decision-making and politicised targeting of welfare assistance or men have several erections a night as part of their sleep cycle.', 'Should it be the case that pests cause diseases, it follows that either devolution encourages politicised decision-making and politicised targeting of welfare assistance or men have several erections a night as part of their sleep cycle.']
|
At least one of two things is true: chaparrals are home to deer, snakes, birds, and lizards, or pests cause diseases. When chaparrals are home to deer, snakes, birds, and lizards is true, it follows that either devolution encourages politicised decision-making and politicised targeting of welfare assistance or men have several erections a night as part of their sleep cycle. Should it be the case that pests cause diseases, it follows that either devolution encourages politicised decision-making and politicised targeting of welfare assistance or men have several erections a night as part of their sleep cycle.
|
There is good reason to believe that either devolution encourages politicised decision-making and politicised targeting of welfare assistance or men have several erections a night as part of their sleep cycle.
|
The claim that either devolution encourages politicised decision-making and politicised targeting of welfare assistance or men have several erections a night as part of their sleep cycle is false.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).
If [3], then (Either [0] or [1].).
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
|
{0: 'Devolution encourages politicised decision-making and politicised targeting of welfare assistance.', 1: 'Men have several erections a night as part of their sleep cycle.', 2: 'Chaparrals are home to deer, snakes, birds, and lizards.', 3: 'Pests cause diseases.'}
| 1 |
40 |
['Either most locusts make pheromone or either supercomputer is a fastest of all computers and can process billions of instructions per second or relatives live in regions.', 'On the condition that most locusts make pheromone, it is definitely the case that marriage is a bond of partnership for life entered into by a man and a woman.', 'One may reasonably assume that if either supercomputer is a fastest of all computers and can process billions of instructions per second or relatives live in regions, then marriage is a bond of partnership for life entered into by a man and a woman.']
|
Either most locusts make pheromone or either supercomputer is a fastest of all computers and can process billions of instructions per second or relatives live in regions. On the condition that most locusts make pheromone, it is definitely the case that marriage is a bond of partnership for life entered into by a man and a woman. One may reasonably assume that if either supercomputer is a fastest of all computers and can process billions of instructions per second or relatives live in regions, then marriage is a bond of partnership for life entered into by a man and a woman.
|
The statement 'marriage is a bond of partnership for life entered into by a man and a woman' is true.
|
Marriage is a cultural universal.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].).
If [1], then [0].
If (Either [2] or [3].), then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Marriage is a bond of partnership for life entered into by a man and a woman.', 1: 'Most locusts make pheromone.', 2: 'Supercomputer is a fastest of all computers and can process billions of instructions per second.', 3: 'Relatives live in regions.'}
| 1 |
585 |
['We know that either success is a measure that is immeasurable or french toast is dishs.', 'Assuming success is a measure that is immeasurable, we know that the claim that seasons affect wheat germination does not correspond with reality.', 'On the condition that french toast is dishs, it is definitely the case that the claim that seasons affect wheat germination does not correspond with reality.']
|
We know that either success is a measure that is immeasurable or french toast is dishs. Assuming success is a measure that is immeasurable, we know that the claim that seasons affect wheat germination does not correspond with reality. On the condition that french toast is dishs, it is definitely the case that the claim that seasons affect wheat germination does not correspond with reality.
|
The claim that seasons affect wheat germination does not correspond with reality.
|
The claim that seasons affect wheat germination does not correspond with reality.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then (Not [0].).
If [2], then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Seasons affect wheat germination.', 1: 'Success is a measure that is immeasurable.', 2: 'French toast is dishs.'}
| 1 |
805 |
['On the condition that the statement that states either people desire helpful hints or resting sleep is false, it is definitely the case that landscape ecology emphasizes the importance of spatial patterns at broad scales.', 'We know that the claim that landscape ecology emphasizes the importance of spatial patterns at broad scales is false.']
|
On the condition that the statement that states either people desire helpful hints or resting sleep is false, it is definitely the case that landscape ecology emphasizes the importance of spatial patterns at broad scales. We know that the claim that landscape ecology emphasizes the importance of spatial patterns at broad scales is false.
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: people desire helpful hints, or resting sleep.
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: people desire helpful hints, or resting sleep.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
|
{0: 'People desire helpful hints.', 1: 'Resting sleep.', 2: 'Landscape ecology emphasizes the importance of spatial patterns at broad scales.'}
| 1 |
592 |
['One may reasonably assume that if commercial solicitation includes the selling or promoting of products, goods or services, then metabolism is all of the chemical reactions occurring within an organism.', 'The statement that states metabolism is all of the chemical reactions occurring within an organism is false.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if commercial solicitation includes the selling or promoting of products, goods or services, then metabolism is all of the chemical reactions occurring within an organism. The statement that states metabolism is all of the chemical reactions occurring within an organism is false.
|
Those that suggest commercial solicitation includes the selling or promoting of products, goods or services are wrong.
|
The claim that commercial solicitation includes the selling or promoting of products, goods or services is true.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Commercial solicitation includes the selling or promoting of products, goods or services.', 1: 'Metabolism is all of the chemical reactions occurring within an organism.'}
| 1 |
964 |
['We know that either guinea pigs get mouths or the claim that pastures are abundant following above normal rains in the Sahelian zone does not correspond with reality.', "The statement 'guinea pigs get mouths' can be considered false."]
|
We know that either guinea pigs get mouths or the claim that pastures are abundant following above normal rains in the Sahelian zone does not correspond with reality. The statement 'guinea pigs get mouths' can be considered false.
|
The claim that pastures are abundant following above normal rains in the Sahelian zone does not correspond with reality.
|
Many people rightly believe that pastures are abundant following above normal rains in the Sahelian zone.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].).
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Pastures are abundant following above normal rains in the Sahelian zone.', 1: 'Guinea pigs get mouths.'}
| 1 |
266 |
['Provided that hospice affirms life, and regards dying as a normal process, we know that it is not the case that most kittens have senses.', 'hospice affirms life, and regards dying as a normal process.']
|
Provided that hospice affirms life, and regards dying as a normal process, we know that it is not the case that most kittens have senses. hospice affirms life, and regards dying as a normal process.
|
It is not the case that most kittens have senses.
|
It is not the case that most kittens have senses.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].).
[1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Most kittens have senses.', 1: 'Hospice affirms life, and regards dying as a normal process.'}
| 1 |
406 |
["Whenever it is true that most mammals come from families, 'it is a common misconception that if sales tax is levied on the seller who recovers it from the customer at the time of sale, then a first class is superiority' is true.", 'We can assume that most mammals come from families.']
|
Whenever it is true that most mammals come from families, 'it is a common misconception that if sales tax is levied on the seller who recovers it from the customer at the time of sale, then a first class is superiority' is true. We can assume that most mammals come from families.
|
It is a common misconception that if sales tax is levied on the seller who recovers it from the customer at the time of sale, then a first class is superiority.
|
It is a common misconception that if sales tax is levied on the seller who recovers it from the customer at the time of sale, then a first class is superiority.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).).
[2]
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
|
{0: 'Sales tax is levied on the seller who recovers it from the customer at the time of sale.', 1: 'A first class is superiority.', 2: 'Most mammals come from families.'}
| 1 |
294 |
["If the notion that 'true worship is in spirit and truth' is untrue, then most healthy habits change life.", "On the condition that the notion that 'true worship is in spirit and truth' is untrue, it is definitely the case that the notion that 'most healthy habits change life' is untrue."]
|
If the notion that 'true worship is in spirit and truth' is untrue, then most healthy habits change life. On the condition that the notion that 'true worship is in spirit and truth' is untrue, it is definitely the case that the notion that 'most healthy habits change life' is untrue.
|
The statement that states true worship is in spirit and truth is right.
|
The statement that states true worship is in spirit and truth is right.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'True worship is in spirit and truth.', 1: 'Most healthy habits change life.'}
| 1 |
604 |
["When wolves usually bite the shoulders and flanks is true, it follows that the statement that 'bus schedules are located in bus stops' is incorrect.", 'The claim that wolves usually bite the shoulders and flanks is true.']
|
When wolves usually bite the shoulders and flanks is true, it follows that the statement that 'bus schedules are located in bus stops' is incorrect. The claim that wolves usually bite the shoulders and flanks is true.
|
The statement that 'bus schedules are located in bus stops' is incorrect.
|
Many people rightly believe that bus schedules are located in bus stops.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].).
[1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Bus schedules are located in bus stops.', 1: 'Wolves usually bite the shoulders and flanks.'}
| 1 |
522 |
['Given that the claim that grace is the invisible thread of common objects does not correspond with reality, it can be inferred that religion Includes all aspects of religious observance and practice as well as belief.', 'Provided that the claim that grace is the invisible thread of common objects does not correspond with reality, we know that the claim that religion Includes all aspects of religious observance and practice as well as belief does not correspond with reality.']
|
Given that the claim that grace is the invisible thread of common objects does not correspond with reality, it can be inferred that religion Includes all aspects of religious observance and practice as well as belief. Provided that the claim that grace is the invisible thread of common objects does not correspond with reality, we know that the claim that religion Includes all aspects of religious observance and practice as well as belief does not correspond with reality.
|
The idea that grace is the invisible thread of common objects is true.
|
The idea that grace is the invisible thread of common objects is true.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Grace is the invisible thread of common objects.', 1: 'Religion Includes all aspects of religious observance and practice as well as belief.'}
| 1 |
18 |
['When affirmative action is about opening doors and giving people opportunities is true, it follows that psychologists use objective scientific methods to understand, explain, and predict human behavior.', 'Should it be the case that psychologists use objective scientific methods to understand, explain, and predict human behavior, it follows that some basilicas are built because a miracle or special sign took place .']
|
When affirmative action is about opening doors and giving people opportunities is true, it follows that psychologists use objective scientific methods to understand, explain, and predict human behavior. Should it be the case that psychologists use objective scientific methods to understand, explain, and predict human behavior, it follows that some basilicas are built because a miracle or special sign took place .
|
Provided that affirmative action is about opening doors and giving people opportunities, we know that some basilicas are built because a miracle or special sign took place
|
When affirmative action is essentially institutionalized discrimination is true, it follows that some basilicas are built because a miracle or special sign took place .
|
Uncertain
|
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [0], then [2].
If [2], then [1].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Affirmative action is about opening doors and giving people opportunities.', 1: 'Some basilicas are built because a miracle or special sign took place .', 2: 'Psychologists use objective scientific methods to understand, explain, and predict human behavior.'}
| 1 |
425 |
['It is rational to believe that either myocardial infarction is diseases or we know that the claim that large surface areas take places is false.', "The notion that 'myocardial infarction is diseases' is untrue."]
|
It is rational to believe that either myocardial infarction is diseases or we know that the claim that large surface areas take places is false. The notion that 'myocardial infarction is diseases' is untrue.
|
We know that the claim that large surface areas take places is false.
|
The statement that 'large surface areas absorb energy' is incorrect.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].).
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Large surface areas take places.', 1: 'Myocardial infarction is diseases.'}
| 1 |
527 |
["Provided that the statement 'hippopotamuses have thick lips and wide snouts that are designed for grazing' can be considered false, we know that if indian women tug their veils, then heat accelerates discharge.", "One may reasonably assume that if the statement 'hippopotamuses have thick lips and wide snouts that are designed for grazing' can be considered false, then the claim that if indian women tug their veils, then heat accelerates discharge does not reflect reality."]
|
Provided that the statement 'hippopotamuses have thick lips and wide snouts that are designed for grazing' can be considered false, we know that if indian women tug their veils, then heat accelerates discharge. One may reasonably assume that if the statement 'hippopotamuses have thick lips and wide snouts that are designed for grazing' can be considered false, then the claim that if indian women tug their veils, then heat accelerates discharge does not reflect reality.
|
It is fair to say that hippopotamuses have thick lips and wide snouts that are designed for grazing.
|
It is fair to say that hippopotamuses have thick lips and wide snouts that are designed for grazing.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].).
If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Hippopotamuses have thick lips and wide snouts that are designed for grazing.', 1: 'Indian women tug their veils.', 2: 'Heat accelerates discharge.'}
| 1 |
308 |
['We know that either electrical components contain substances or some vultures eat animals.', "So long as electrical components contain substances, 'arthritis can bring anything from slight tightness to severe pain and lasting disability' is true.", 'Once we know some vultures eat animals, we also know that arthritis can bring anything from slight tightness to severe pain and lasting disability.']
|
We know that either electrical components contain substances or some vultures eat animals. So long as electrical components contain substances, 'arthritis can bring anything from slight tightness to severe pain and lasting disability' is true. Once we know some vultures eat animals, we also know that arthritis can bring anything from slight tightness to severe pain and lasting disability.
|
It is fair to say that arthritis can bring anything from slight tightness to severe pain and lasting disability.
|
Arthritis can result in pain, loss of motion and limited ability to walk.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Arthritis can bring anything from slight tightness to severe pain and lasting disability.', 1: 'Electrical components contain substances.', 2: 'Some vultures eat animals.'}
| 1 |
622 |
['Should it be the case that it is not the case that excess acidity is known to be associated with arthritis, it follows that cicadas have unusual defense mechanisms.', 'Those that suggest cicadas have unusual defense mechanisms are wrong.']
|
Should it be the case that it is not the case that excess acidity is known to be associated with arthritis, it follows that cicadas have unusual defense mechanisms. Those that suggest cicadas have unusual defense mechanisms are wrong.
|
The statement that states excess acidity is known to be associated with arthritis is right.
|
The notion that 'excess acidity is known to be associated with arthritis' is untrue.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Excess acidity is known to be associated with arthritis.', 1: 'Cicadas have unusual defense mechanisms.'}
| 1 |
794 |
['At least one of two things is true: counsel has (part) cytoplasm, or creatine allows one to work out harder and recover faster.', 'If counsel has (part) cytoplasm, then persecution is present when there is any form of domestic abuse being perpetrated.', "So long as creatine allows one to work out harder and recover faster, 'persecution is present when there is any form of domestic abuse being perpetrated' is true."]
|
At least one of two things is true: counsel has (part) cytoplasm, or creatine allows one to work out harder and recover faster. If counsel has (part) cytoplasm, then persecution is present when there is any form of domestic abuse being perpetrated. So long as creatine allows one to work out harder and recover faster, 'persecution is present when there is any form of domestic abuse being perpetrated' is true.
|
Those that suggest persecution is present when there is any form of domestic abuse being perpetrated are right.
|
Those that suggest persecution is present when there is any form of domestic abuse being perpetrated are right.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Persecution is present when there is any form of domestic abuse being perpetrated.', 1: 'Counsel has (part) cytoplasm.', 2: 'Creatine allows one to work out harder and recover faster.'}
| 1 |
62 |
["It is a fact that either violence is a tangible expression of unresolved conflict or the notion that 'lucifer means shining one, or shining star of the dawn' is untrue.", 'The claim that violence is a tangible expression of unresolved conflict has no merit.']
|
It is a fact that either violence is a tangible expression of unresolved conflict or the notion that 'lucifer means shining one, or shining star of the dawn' is untrue. The claim that violence is a tangible expression of unresolved conflict has no merit.
|
The notion that 'lucifer means shining one, or shining star of the dawn' is untrue.
|
It is not the case that lucifer is the prince of darkness and the father of all heresy and liars.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].).
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Lucifer means shining one, or shining star of the dawn.', 1: 'Violence is a tangible expression of unresolved conflict.'}
| 1 |
79 |
["Whenever it is true that nobodies are born when someone loses their heart , 'habitat loss poses the greatest threat to wildlife resources' is true.", 'The statement that states nobodies are born when someone loses their heart is right.']
|
Whenever it is true that nobodies are born when someone loses their heart , 'habitat loss poses the greatest threat to wildlife resources' is true. The statement that states nobodies are born when someone loses their heart is right.
|
The claim that habitat loss poses the greatest threat to wildlife resources holds true.
|
Habitat loss is something that people do.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Habitat loss poses the greatest threat to wildlife resources.', 1: 'Nobodies are born when someone loses their heart .'}
| 1 |
680 |
['Once we know it is not true that a tatting is needlecraft, we also know that if physical therapists can develop personal programs that balance exercise and rest, then most lions kill food.', "Whenever it is true that it is not true that a tatting is needlecraft, 'it is not the case that if physical therapists can develop personal programs that balance exercise and rest, then most lions kill food' is true."]
|
Once we know it is not true that a tatting is needlecraft, we also know that if physical therapists can develop personal programs that balance exercise and rest, then most lions kill food. Whenever it is true that it is not true that a tatting is needlecraft, 'it is not the case that if physical therapists can develop personal programs that balance exercise and rest, then most lions kill food' is true.
|
The statement 'a tatting is needlecraft' is true.
|
The statement 'a tatting is needlecraft' is true.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].).
If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'A tatting is needlecraft.', 1: 'Physical therapists can develop personal programs that balance exercise and rest.', 2: 'Most lions kill food.'}
| 1 |
193 |
['Either summer is the peak time for family vacations, sometimes with several generations or some mammalian ears have tiny bones.', 'Once we know summer is the peak time for family vacations, sometimes with several generations, we also know that worms reach ages.', 'On the condition that some mammalian ears have tiny bones, it is definitely the case that worms reach ages.']
|
Either summer is the peak time for family vacations, sometimes with several generations or some mammalian ears have tiny bones. Once we know summer is the peak time for family vacations, sometimes with several generations, we also know that worms reach ages. On the condition that some mammalian ears have tiny bones, it is definitely the case that worms reach ages.
|
It is the case that worms reach ages.
|
It is the case that worms reach ages.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Worms reach ages.', 1: 'Summer is the peak time for family vacations, sometimes with several generations.', 2: 'Some mammalian ears have tiny bones.'}
| 1 |
750 |
['If gas ionizes under the influence of the corona discharge, then either brothers are islands or endometriosis is a mostly hidden disease that has doctors foxed.', "So long as gas ionizes under the influence of the corona discharge, 'the notion that 'either brothers are islands or endometriosis is a mostly hidden disease that has doctors foxed' is untrue' is true."]
|
If gas ionizes under the influence of the corona discharge, then either brothers are islands or endometriosis is a mostly hidden disease that has doctors foxed. So long as gas ionizes under the influence of the corona discharge, 'the notion that 'either brothers are islands or endometriosis is a mostly hidden disease that has doctors foxed' is untrue' is true.
|
The statement, gas ionizes under the influence of the corona discharge, does not hold.
|
The statement that states gas ionizes under the influence of the corona discharge is right.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then (Either [1] or [2].).
If [0], then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Gas ionizes under the influence of the corona discharge.', 1: 'Brothers are islands.', 2: 'Endometriosis is a mostly hidden disease that has doctors foxed.'}
| 1 |
181 |
['We know that either either apples are the most widely adapted deciduous fruit grown in every western climate or malnutrition is a major contributing factor to the development of hypophosphatemia or cocoa is less sensitive to temperature changes than chocolate.', 'We know that the claim that either apples are the most widely adapted deciduous fruit grown in every western climate or malnutrition is a major contributing factor to the development of hypophosphatemia is false.']
|
We know that either either apples are the most widely adapted deciduous fruit grown in every western climate or malnutrition is a major contributing factor to the development of hypophosphatemia or cocoa is less sensitive to temperature changes than chocolate. We know that the claim that either apples are the most widely adapted deciduous fruit grown in every western climate or malnutrition is a major contributing factor to the development of hypophosphatemia is false.
|
The idea that cocoa is less sensitive to temperature changes than chocolate is true.
|
The statement 'cocoa is less sensitive to temperature changes than chocolate' can be considered false.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [0].
Not (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Cocoa is less sensitive to temperature changes than chocolate.', 1: 'Apples are the most widely adapted deciduous fruit grown in every western climate.', 2: 'Malnutrition is a major contributing factor to the development of hypophosphatemia.'}
| 1 |
535 |
["So long as the statement that states governmental corruption is a continuing problem, particularly in procurement and contract tendering is false, 'violence is deeply ingrained in our attitudes as well as our behavior' is true.", 'Assuming the statement that states governmental corruption is a continuing problem, particularly in procurement and contract tendering is false, we know that the claim that violence is deeply ingrained in our attitudes as well as our behavior does not reflect reality.']
|
So long as the statement that states governmental corruption is a continuing problem, particularly in procurement and contract tendering is false, 'violence is deeply ingrained in our attitudes as well as our behavior' is true. Assuming the statement that states governmental corruption is a continuing problem, particularly in procurement and contract tendering is false, we know that the claim that violence is deeply ingrained in our attitudes as well as our behavior does not reflect reality.
|
The claim that governmental corruption is a continuing problem, particularly in procurement and contract tendering is true.
|
The statement that 'governmental corruption is a continuing problem, particularly in procurement and contract tendering' is incorrect.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Governmental corruption is a continuing problem, particularly in procurement and contract tendering.', 1: 'Violence is deeply ingrained in our attitudes as well as our behavior.'}
| 1 |
484 |
['On the condition that cowardliness is spirit, it is definitely the case that a steel mill is a factory.', 'cowardliness is spirit.']
|
On the condition that cowardliness is spirit, it is definitely the case that a steel mill is a factory. cowardliness is spirit.
|
The claim that a steel mill is a factory holds true.
|
The claim that a steel mill is a factory holds true.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'A steel mill is a factory.', 1: 'Cowardliness is spirit.'}
| 1 |
200 |
['We know that either shear stability helps prevent metal to metal contact and wear in high temperature operations or physiology is the study of how living systems work.', "So long as shear stability helps prevent metal to metal contact and wear in high temperature operations, 'the statement that states used tires are the number one habitat for domestic mosquitoes is false' is true.", 'On the condition that physiology is the study of how living systems work, it is definitely the case that the statement that states used tires are the number one habitat for domestic mosquitoes is false.']
|
We know that either shear stability helps prevent metal to metal contact and wear in high temperature operations or physiology is the study of how living systems work. So long as shear stability helps prevent metal to metal contact and wear in high temperature operations, 'the statement that states used tires are the number one habitat for domestic mosquitoes is false' is true. On the condition that physiology is the study of how living systems work, it is definitely the case that the statement that states used tires are the number one habitat for domestic mosquitoes is false.
|
The statement that states used tires are the number one habitat for domestic mosquitoes is false.
|
The statement that states used tires are the number one habitat for domestic mosquitoes is false.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then (Not [0].).
If [2], then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Used tires are the number one habitat for domestic mosquitoes.', 1: 'Shear stability helps prevent metal to metal contact and wear in high temperature operations.', 2: 'Physiology is the study of how living systems work.'}
| 1 |
364 |
['Either carpels are the innermost of the four whorls of modified leaves that make up a flower or humans share genetic materials.', 'Those that suggest carpels are the innermost of the four whorls of modified leaves that make up a flower are wrong.']
|
Either carpels are the innermost of the four whorls of modified leaves that make up a flower or humans share genetic materials. Those that suggest carpels are the innermost of the four whorls of modified leaves that make up a flower are wrong.
|
It is reasonable to believe that humans share genetic materials.
|
It is reasonable to believe that humans share genetic materials.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Humans share genetic materials.', 1: 'Carpels are the innermost of the four whorls of modified leaves that make up a flower.'}
| 1 |
991 |
['Either either kidneys produce concentrate urine or banks make money by borrowing at low rates and lending at higher rates or most people use oxygen.', 'Given that either kidneys produce concentrate urine or banks make money by borrowing at low rates and lending at higher rates, it can be inferred that cations tend to be surrounded by nearby anions and anions tend to be surrounded by nearby cations.', "Whenever it is true that most people use oxygen, 'cations tend to be surrounded by nearby anions and anions tend to be surrounded by nearby cations' is true."]
|
Either either kidneys produce concentrate urine or banks make money by borrowing at low rates and lending at higher rates or most people use oxygen. Given that either kidneys produce concentrate urine or banks make money by borrowing at low rates and lending at higher rates, it can be inferred that cations tend to be surrounded by nearby anions and anions tend to be surrounded by nearby cations. Whenever it is true that most people use oxygen, 'cations tend to be surrounded by nearby anions and anions tend to be surrounded by nearby cations' is true.
|
Those that suggest cations tend to be surrounded by nearby anions and anions tend to be surrounded by nearby cations are right.
|
It is not true that cations tend to be surrounded by nearby anions and anions tend to be surrounded by nearby cations.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [3].
If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0].
If [3], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Cations tend to be surrounded by nearby anions and anions tend to be surrounded by nearby cations.', 1: 'Kidneys produce concentrate urine.', 2: 'Banks make money by borrowing at low rates and lending at higher rates.', 3: 'Most people use oxygen.'}
| 1 |
462 |
["Whenever it is true that an inquiry is a thought, 'some foxes destroy animals' is true.", 'It is a simple truth that an inquiry is a thought.']
|
Whenever it is true that an inquiry is a thought, 'some foxes destroy animals' is true. It is a simple truth that an inquiry is a thought.
|
It is reasonable to believe that some foxes destroy animals.
|
Some foxes have genetic mutation.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Some foxes destroy animals.', 1: 'An inquiry is a thought.'}
| 1 |
356 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: ozone is very hazardous to our health, or plagiarism involves the use of the ideas or writings of another without acknowledgment of that use.', 'It is not the case that ozone is very hazardous to our health.']
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: ozone is very hazardous to our health, or plagiarism involves the use of the ideas or writings of another without acknowledgment of that use. It is not the case that ozone is very hazardous to our health.
|
The claim that plagiarism involves the use of the ideas or writings of another without acknowledgment of that use holds true.
|
The claim that plagiarism involves the use of the ideas or writings of another without acknowledgment of that use holds true.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Plagiarism involves the use of the ideas or writings of another without acknowledgment of that use.', 1: 'Ozone is very hazardous to our health.'}
| 1 |
2 |
["Whenever it is true that some botanic gardens have extensive lilac collections, 'it is not true that either nursing is a rewarding health care career that provides flexible work options or some suckers grow from rhizomes' is true.", 'The statement that states some botanic gardens have extensive lilac collections is right.']
|
Whenever it is true that some botanic gardens have extensive lilac collections, 'it is not true that either nursing is a rewarding health care career that provides flexible work options or some suckers grow from rhizomes' is true. The statement that states some botanic gardens have extensive lilac collections is right.
|
It is not true that either nursing is a rewarding health care career that provides flexible work options or some suckers grow from rhizomes.
|
It is not the case that nursing strives to provide affordable health care and preventive services in diverse environments.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Not (Either [0] or [1].).).
[2]
Therefore, Not (Either [0] or [1].)..
|
{0: 'Nursing is a rewarding health care career that provides flexible work options.', 1: 'Some suckers grow from rhizomes.', 2: 'Some botanic gardens have extensive lilac collections.'}
| 1 |
478 |
['We know that either contact lenses can correct most of the vision problems that glasses correct or industry analysts are analysts.', "So long as contact lenses can correct most of the vision problems that glasses correct, 'most cuscuses have strong prehensile tails' is true.", 'One may reasonably assume that if industry analysts are analysts, then most cuscuses have strong prehensile tails.']
|
We know that either contact lenses can correct most of the vision problems that glasses correct or industry analysts are analysts. So long as contact lenses can correct most of the vision problems that glasses correct, 'most cuscuses have strong prehensile tails' is true. One may reasonably assume that if industry analysts are analysts, then most cuscuses have strong prehensile tails.
|
The claim that most cuscuses have strong prehensile tails is true.
|
Cuscuses attack intruders.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Most cuscuses have strong prehensile tails.', 1: 'Contact lenses can correct most of the vision problems that glasses correct.', 2: 'Industry analysts are analysts.'}
| 1 |
695 |
["Whenever it is true that the statement 'bees are important components of natural ecosystems and play a big role in their functioning' can be considered false, 'sunlight is a form of visible light that contains all of the colors' is true.", 'Some people mistakenly believe that sunlight is a form of visible light that contains all of the colors.']
|
Whenever it is true that the statement 'bees are important components of natural ecosystems and play a big role in their functioning' can be considered false, 'sunlight is a form of visible light that contains all of the colors' is true. Some people mistakenly believe that sunlight is a form of visible light that contains all of the colors.
|
The idea that bees are important components of natural ecosystems and play a big role in their functioning is true.
|
The idea that bees are important components of natural ecosystems and play a big role in their functioning is true.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Bees are important components of natural ecosystems and play a big role in their functioning.', 1: 'Sunlight is a form of visible light that contains all of the colors.'}
| 1 |
253 |
['Given that it is not the case that domicile is a question of fact to be determined by the finder of fact, it can be inferred that either most dodo birds come from shelter habitats or some people seem to get sick more often than others.', "Whenever it is true that it is not the case that domicile is a question of fact to be determined by the finder of fact, 'some people mistakenly believe that either most dodo birds come from shelter habitats or some people seem to get sick more often than others' is true."]
|
Given that it is not the case that domicile is a question of fact to be determined by the finder of fact, it can be inferred that either most dodo birds come from shelter habitats or some people seem to get sick more often than others. Whenever it is true that it is not the case that domicile is a question of fact to be determined by the finder of fact, 'some people mistakenly believe that either most dodo birds come from shelter habitats or some people seem to get sick more often than others' is true.
|
We can assume that domicile is a question of fact to be determined by the finder of fact.
|
It is not the case that domicile is a question of fact to be determined by the finder of fact.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).
If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Domicile is a question of fact to be determined by the finder of fact.', 1: 'Most dodo birds come from shelter habitats.', 2: 'Some people seem to get sick more often than others.'}
| 1 |
667 |
["So long as the statement, bacterial meningitis is a life threatening infection requiring high dose antibiotics, does not hold, 'some wolves eat bones' is true.", 'It is not the case that some wolves eat bones.']
|
So long as the statement, bacterial meningitis is a life threatening infection requiring high dose antibiotics, does not hold, 'some wolves eat bones' is true. It is not the case that some wolves eat bones.
|
The idea that bacterial meningitis is a life threatening infection requiring high dose antibiotics is true.
|
Bacterial meningitis is transmitted through saliva and mucus.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Bacterial meningitis is a life threatening infection requiring high dose antibiotics.', 1: 'Some wolves eat bones.'}
| 1 |
85 |
['Either if mates keep in contact, then bookkeeping is merely recording expenses and income or cold symptoms act like cold.', 'The claim that if mates keep in contact, then bookkeeping is merely recording expenses and income does not reflect reality.']
|
Either if mates keep in contact, then bookkeeping is merely recording expenses and income or cold symptoms act like cold. The claim that if mates keep in contact, then bookkeeping is merely recording expenses and income does not reflect reality.
|
It is rational to agree that cold symptoms act like cold.
|
The claim that cold symptoms act like cold does not correspond with reality.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [1], then [2].) or [0].
Not (If [1], then [2].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Cold symptoms act like cold.', 1: 'Mates keep in contact.', 2: 'Bookkeeping is merely recording expenses and income.'}
| 1 |
969 |
['Should it be the case that tour companies follow principles, it follows that either writing is a skill that everyone needs to work at, to continually develop, improve, and refine or diagnoses require additional evidence.', 'It is the case that tour companies follow principles.']
|
Should it be the case that tour companies follow principles, it follows that either writing is a skill that everyone needs to work at, to continually develop, improve, and refine or diagnoses require additional evidence. It is the case that tour companies follow principles.
|
At least one of two things is true: writing is a skill that everyone needs to work at, to continually develop, improve, and refine, or diagnoses require additional evidence.
|
We know that the claim that either writing is a skill that everyone needs to work at, to continually develop, improve, and refine or diagnoses require additional evidence is false.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).
[2]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
|
{0: 'Writing is a skill that everyone needs to work at, to continually develop, improve, and refine.', 1: 'Diagnoses require additional evidence.', 2: 'Tour companies follow principles.'}
| 1 |
75 |
['It is a fact that either most carbohydrate food includes flour bread or some salt glands remove excess salt.', 'Once we know most carbohydrate food includes flour bread, we also know that literacy is the ability to interpret, analyze, summarize, relate, and combine ideas.', 'If some salt glands remove excess salt, then literacy is the ability to interpret, analyze, summarize, relate, and combine ideas.']
|
It is a fact that either most carbohydrate food includes flour bread or some salt glands remove excess salt. Once we know most carbohydrate food includes flour bread, we also know that literacy is the ability to interpret, analyze, summarize, relate, and combine ideas. If some salt glands remove excess salt, then literacy is the ability to interpret, analyze, summarize, relate, and combine ideas.
|
It is a simple truth that literacy is the ability to interpret, analyze, summarize, relate, and combine ideas.
|
It is a simple truth that literacy is the ability to interpret, analyze, summarize, relate, and combine ideas.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Literacy is the ability to interpret, analyze, summarize, relate, and combine ideas.', 1: 'Most carbohydrate food includes flour bread.', 2: 'Some salt glands remove excess salt.'}
| 1 |
786 |
['We know that either most modern refrigerators have magnetic seals around the inside of their doors or if notes are used for communication, then voles occupy areas with heavy ground cover, grasses, grass-like plants or litter.', 'The statement, most modern refrigerators have magnetic seals around the inside of their doors, does not hold.']
|
We know that either most modern refrigerators have magnetic seals around the inside of their doors or if notes are used for communication, then voles occupy areas with heavy ground cover, grasses, grass-like plants or litter. The statement, most modern refrigerators have magnetic seals around the inside of their doors, does not hold.
|
On the condition that notes are used for communication, it is definitely the case that voles occupy areas with heavy ground cover, grasses, grass-like plants or litter.
|
On the condition that notes are used for communication, it is definitely the case that voles occupy areas with heavy ground cover, grasses, grass-like plants or litter.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].).
Not [2].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Notes are used for communication.', 1: 'Voles occupy areas with heavy ground cover, grasses, grass-like plants or litter.', 2: 'Most modern refrigerators have magnetic seals around the inside of their doors.'}
| 1 |
658 |
["So long as macedonian cuisine is basically vegetarian based, with the meat added or taken away as desired, 'smaller fish tend to just bite off crawler' is true.", 'We can assume that macedonian cuisine is basically vegetarian based, with the meat added or taken away as desired.']
|
So long as macedonian cuisine is basically vegetarian based, with the meat added or taken away as desired, 'smaller fish tend to just bite off crawler' is true. We can assume that macedonian cuisine is basically vegetarian based, with the meat added or taken away as desired.
|
It is a simple truth that smaller fish tend to just bite off crawler.
|
It is a simple truth that smaller fish tend to just bite off crawler.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Smaller fish tend to just bite off crawler.', 1: 'Macedonian cuisine is basically vegetarian based, with the meat added or taken away as desired.'}
| 1 |
465 |
["Whenever it is true that white radiation is reflected from, or transmitted through, a fixed crystal, 'fish never stop growing entirely, though growth rate in mature fish is reduced' is true.", "The notion that 'fish never stop growing entirely, though growth rate in mature fish is reduced' is untrue."]
|
Whenever it is true that white radiation is reflected from, or transmitted through, a fixed crystal, 'fish never stop growing entirely, though growth rate in mature fish is reduced' is true. The notion that 'fish never stop growing entirely, though growth rate in mature fish is reduced' is untrue.
|
It is a common misconception that white radiation is reflected from, or transmitted through, a fixed crystal.
|
It is a common misconception that white radiation is reflected from, or transmitted through, a fixed crystal.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'White radiation is reflected from, or transmitted through, a fixed crystal.', 1: 'Fish never stop growing entirely, though growth rate in mature fish is reduced.'}
| 1 |
920 |
['At least one of two things is true: sedimentation can result in the growth of rough interfaces, or frames are pictures.', 'The claim that sedimentation can result in the growth of rough interfaces does not reflect reality.']
|
At least one of two things is true: sedimentation can result in the growth of rough interfaces, or frames are pictures. The claim that sedimentation can result in the growth of rough interfaces does not reflect reality.
|
The idea that frames are pictures is true.
|
The statement that states frames are pictures is false.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Frames are pictures.', 1: 'Sedimentation can result in the growth of rough interfaces.'}
| 1 |
38 |
["At least one of two things is true: if mitochondria then insert iron into heme, which is later turned into hemoglobin, then career management is a concept that makes lots of sense in today's world of work, or the statement, either atmospheric chemists study components or most spiders eat prey, does not hold.", "The statement that 'if mitochondria then insert iron into heme, which is later turned into hemoglobin, then career management is a concept that makes lots of sense in today's world of work' is incorrect."]
|
At least one of two things is true: if mitochondria then insert iron into heme, which is later turned into hemoglobin, then career management is a concept that makes lots of sense in today's world of work, or the statement, either atmospheric chemists study components or most spiders eat prey, does not hold. The statement that 'if mitochondria then insert iron into heme, which is later turned into hemoglobin, then career management is a concept that makes lots of sense in today's world of work' is incorrect.
|
The statement, either atmospheric chemists study components or most spiders eat prey, does not hold.
|
Those that suggest atmospheric chemists come in three basic flavors are wrong.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [2], then [3].) or (Not (Either [0] or [1].).).
Not (If [2], then [3].).
Therefore, Not (Either [0] or [1].)..
|
{0: 'Atmospheric chemists study components.', 1: 'Most spiders eat prey.', 2: 'Mitochondria then insert iron into heme, which is later turned into hemoglobin.', 3: "Career management is a concept that makes lots of sense in today's world of work."}
| 1 |
944 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: if hemp flour provides protein, B vitamins, fiber and EFAs, then economic pressures play a major role in the widespread use of DHMO in the dairy industry, or light is an electromagnetic wave.', 'The statement, if hemp flour provides protein, B vitamins, fiber and EFAs, then economic pressures play a major role in the widespread use of DHMO in the dairy industry, does not hold.']
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: if hemp flour provides protein, B vitamins, fiber and EFAs, then economic pressures play a major role in the widespread use of DHMO in the dairy industry, or light is an electromagnetic wave. The statement, if hemp flour provides protein, B vitamins, fiber and EFAs, then economic pressures play a major role in the widespread use of DHMO in the dairy industry, does not hold.
|
It is the case that light is an electromagnetic wave.
|
The statement that 'light is an electromagnetic wave' is incorrect.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [1], then [2].) or [0].
Not (If [1], then [2].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Light is an electromagnetic wave.', 1: 'Hemp flour provides protein, B vitamins, fiber and EFAs.', 2: 'Economic pressures play a major role in the widespread use of DHMO in the dairy industry.'}
| 1 |
725 |
["Assuming the statement 'fruit flies like an orange' can be considered false, we know that either winds can fan embers into a forest fire or some suckers grow in lawns.", 'The claim that either winds can fan embers into a forest fire or some suckers grow in lawns does not reflect reality.']
|
Assuming the statement 'fruit flies like an orange' can be considered false, we know that either winds can fan embers into a forest fire or some suckers grow in lawns. The claim that either winds can fan embers into a forest fire or some suckers grow in lawns does not reflect reality.
|
We can assume that fruit flies like an orange.
|
Fruit has waxy coating.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).
Not (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Fruit flies like an orange.', 1: 'Winds can fan embers into a forest fire.', 2: 'Some suckers grow in lawns.'}
| 1 |
436 |
['When molecules combine in different densities to create liquids, solids, and gasses is true, it follows that some beekeepers routinely replace their queens every autumn.', "So long as molecules combine in different densities to create liquids, solids, and gasses, 'it is not the case that some beekeepers routinely replace their queens every autumn' is true."]
|
When molecules combine in different densities to create liquids, solids, and gasses is true, it follows that some beekeepers routinely replace their queens every autumn. So long as molecules combine in different densities to create liquids, solids, and gasses, 'it is not the case that some beekeepers routinely replace their queens every autumn' is true.
|
The claim that molecules combine in different densities to create liquids, solids, and gasses is false.
|
It is a simple truth that molecules combine in different densities to create liquids, solids, and gasses.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1].
If [0], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Molecules combine in different densities to create liquids, solids, and gasses.', 1: 'Some beekeepers routinely replace their queens every autumn.'}
| 1 |
140 |
["So long as either relational databases attempt to minimize storage space by eliminating redundant data or pinworms are a type of little worm that commonly infects the intestines, often in kids, 'trappers kill animals by stomping, bludgeoning, and strangulation' is true.", 'At least one of two things is true: relational databases attempt to minimize storage space by eliminating redundant data, or pinworms are a type of little worm that commonly infects the intestines, often in kids.']
|
So long as either relational databases attempt to minimize storage space by eliminating redundant data or pinworms are a type of little worm that commonly infects the intestines, often in kids, 'trappers kill animals by stomping, bludgeoning, and strangulation' is true. At least one of two things is true: relational databases attempt to minimize storage space by eliminating redundant data, or pinworms are a type of little worm that commonly infects the intestines, often in kids.
|
It is the case that trappers kill animals by stomping, bludgeoning, and strangulation.
|
Trappers also catch raccoons, nutria and other pests in urban areas.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0].
Either [1] or [2].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Trappers kill animals by stomping, bludgeoning, and strangulation.', 1: 'Relational databases attempt to minimize storage space by eliminating redundant data.', 2: 'Pinworms are a type of little worm that commonly infects the intestines, often in kids.'}
| 1 |
818 |
['Once we know those that suggest cancer is a disease of deregulated cellular behaviour are wrong, we also know that decorative painting is one way to personalize products.', 'It is a common misconception that decorative painting is one way to personalize products.']
|
Once we know those that suggest cancer is a disease of deregulated cellular behaviour are wrong, we also know that decorative painting is one way to personalize products. It is a common misconception that decorative painting is one way to personalize products.
|
We can assume that cancer is a disease of deregulated cellular behaviour.
|
We can assume that cancer is a disease of deregulated cellular behaviour.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Cancer is a disease of deregulated cellular behaviour.', 1: 'Decorative painting is one way to personalize products.'}
| 1 |
602 |
['Provided that the claim that methods include tests is false, we know that water sports are very popular, including swimming, surfing, scuba diving, fishing, and sailing.', "The notion that 'water sports are very popular, including swimming, surfing, scuba diving, fishing, and sailing' is untrue."]
|
Provided that the claim that methods include tests is false, we know that water sports are very popular, including swimming, surfing, scuba diving, fishing, and sailing. The notion that 'water sports are very popular, including swimming, surfing, scuba diving, fishing, and sailing' is untrue.
|
We can assume that methods include tests.
|
It is a common misconception that methods include tests.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Methods include tests.', 1: 'Water sports are very popular, including swimming, surfing, scuba diving, fishing, and sailing.'}
| 1 |
745 |
['It is rational to believe that either some moles disappear with advancing age or fear is bondage.', "The notion that 'some moles disappear with advancing age' is untrue."]
|
It is rational to believe that either some moles disappear with advancing age or fear is bondage. The notion that 'some moles disappear with advancing age' is untrue.
|
fear is bondage.
|
Those that suggest fear is bondage are wrong.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Fear is bondage.', 1: 'Some moles disappear with advancing age.'}
| 1 |
471 |
['Provided that most wrens sing songs, we know that either inequality is affected by many factors or firemen have (part) nuclei.', 'The statement that states either inequality is affected by many factors or firemen have (part) nuclei is false.']
|
Provided that most wrens sing songs, we know that either inequality is affected by many factors or firemen have (part) nuclei. The statement that states either inequality is affected by many factors or firemen have (part) nuclei is false.
|
The claim that most wrens sing songs does not reflect reality.
|
The claim that most wrens sing songs does not reflect reality.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then (Either [1] or [2].).
Not (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Most wrens sing songs.', 1: 'Inequality is affected by many factors.', 2: 'Firemen have (part) nuclei.'}
| 1 |
342 |
['Once we know fungi are important as parasites and, in their r le as decomposers, recycle nutrients, we also know that some plant fiber finds in wood.', "So long as fungi are important as parasites and, in their r le as decomposers, recycle nutrients, 'those that suggest some plant fiber finds in wood are wrong' is true."]
|
Once we know fungi are important as parasites and, in their r le as decomposers, recycle nutrients, we also know that some plant fiber finds in wood. So long as fungi are important as parasites and, in their r le as decomposers, recycle nutrients, 'those that suggest some plant fiber finds in wood are wrong' is true.
|
It is not the case that fungi are important as parasites and, in their r le as decomposers, recycle nutrients.
|
The claim that fungi are important as parasites and, in their r le as decomposers, recycle nutrients is true.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1].
If [0], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Fungi are important as parasites and, in their r le as decomposers, recycle nutrients.', 1: 'Some plant fiber finds in wood.'}
| 1 |
416 |
['One may reasonably assume that if vertebrates share several characteristics, then most men suffer from heat illnesses.', "The statement 'most men suffer from heat illnesses' can be considered false."]
|
One may reasonably assume that if vertebrates share several characteristics, then most men suffer from heat illnesses. The statement 'most men suffer from heat illnesses' can be considered false.
|
The statement that states vertebrates share several characteristics is false.
|
The statement that states vertebrates share several characteristics is false.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Vertebrates share several characteristics.', 1: 'Most men suffer from heat illnesses.'}
| 1 |
711 |
["Whenever it is true that grasslands are temperate areas with less water than deciduous forests and more water than desert, 'life is a pulse, a beat, a rhythm, or else' is true.", 'We can assume that grasslands are temperate areas with less water than deciduous forests and more water than desert.']
|
Whenever it is true that grasslands are temperate areas with less water than deciduous forests and more water than desert, 'life is a pulse, a beat, a rhythm, or else' is true. We can assume that grasslands are temperate areas with less water than deciduous forests and more water than desert.
|
The idea that life is a pulse, a beat, a rhythm, or else is true.
|
The statement that 'life is a pulse, a beat, a rhythm, or else' is incorrect.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Life is a pulse, a beat, a rhythm, or else.', 1: 'Grasslands are temperate areas with less water than deciduous forests and more water than desert.'}
| 1 |
557 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: caregivers have training in child development or early education specific to toddlers, or chimaeras are formed from at least two fertilized eggs or early embryos fused together.', 'It is not the case that caregivers have training in child development or early education specific to toddlers.']
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: caregivers have training in child development or early education specific to toddlers, or chimaeras are formed from at least two fertilized eggs or early embryos fused together. It is not the case that caregivers have training in child development or early education specific to toddlers.
|
We can assume that chimaeras are formed from at least two fertilized eggs or early embryos fused together.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that chimaeras are formed from at least two fertilized eggs or early embryos fused together.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Chimaeras are formed from at least two fertilized eggs or early embryos fused together.', 1: 'Caregivers have training in child development or early education specific to toddlers.'}
| 1 |
50 |
["It is rational to believe that either if carnivores are animals that eat other animals, then fireplace mantels are a thing of beauty when made from cast stone or precast concrete or fevers are a valuable part of a child's healing mechanism.", "So long as if carnivores are animals that eat other animals, then fireplace mantels are a thing of beauty when made from cast stone or precast concrete, 'either cane toads live in open habitats and are active during the day, just like the meat ants or bureaus see growth' is true.", "One may reasonably assume that if fevers are a valuable part of a child's healing mechanism, then either cane toads live in open habitats and are active during the day, just like the meat ants or bureaus see growth."]
|
It is rational to believe that either if carnivores are animals that eat other animals, then fireplace mantels are a thing of beauty when made from cast stone or precast concrete or fevers are a valuable part of a child's healing mechanism. So long as if carnivores are animals that eat other animals, then fireplace mantels are a thing of beauty when made from cast stone or precast concrete, 'either cane toads live in open habitats and are active during the day, just like the meat ants or bureaus see growth' is true. One may reasonably assume that if fevers are a valuable part of a child's healing mechanism, then either cane toads live in open habitats and are active during the day, just like the meat ants or bureaus see growth.
|
At least one of two things is true: cane toads live in open habitats and are active during the day, just like the meat ants, or bureaus see growth.
|
The claim that either cane toads live in open habitats and are active during the day, just like the meat ants or bureaus see growth is false.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [2], then [3].) or [4].
If (If [2], then [3].), then (Either [0] or [1].).
If [4], then (Either [0] or [1].).
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
|
{0: 'Cane toads live in open habitats and are active during the day, just like the meat ants.', 1: 'Bureaus see growth.', 2: 'Carnivores are animals that eat other animals.', 3: 'Fireplace mantels are a thing of beauty when made from cast stone or precast concrete.', 4: "Fevers are a valuable part of a child's healing mechanism."}
| 1 |
162 |
['There is good reason to believe that either exposure also includes potential hazardous impacts or explosions, and toxic or irritating vapors or litter attracts more litter as people throw trash in places where litter has already accumulated.', 'On the condition that exposure also includes potential hazardous impacts or explosions, and toxic or irritating vapors, it is definitely the case that real life doctors participate in human experimentation.', 'Should it be the case that litter attracts more litter as people throw trash in places where litter has already accumulated, it follows that real life doctors participate in human experimentation.']
|
There is good reason to believe that either exposure also includes potential hazardous impacts or explosions, and toxic or irritating vapors or litter attracts more litter as people throw trash in places where litter has already accumulated. On the condition that exposure also includes potential hazardous impacts or explosions, and toxic or irritating vapors, it is definitely the case that real life doctors participate in human experimentation. Should it be the case that litter attracts more litter as people throw trash in places where litter has already accumulated, it follows that real life doctors participate in human experimentation.
|
The statement that states real life doctors participate in human experimentation is right.
|
The claim that real life doctors participate in human experimentation does not reflect reality.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Real life doctors participate in human experimentation.', 1: 'Exposure also includes potential hazardous impacts or explosions, and toxic or irritating vapors.', 2: 'Litter attracts more litter as people throw trash in places where litter has already accumulated.'}
| 1 |
765 |
['There is good reason to believe that either bases react with acids to neutralize each other at a fast rate both in water and in alcohol or insects are of course an important source of protein for birds and other wildlife.', "So long as bases react with acids to neutralize each other at a fast rate both in water and in alcohol, 'the claim that compasses reveal the direction of the local magnetic field is false' is true.", 'If insects are of course an important source of protein for birds and other wildlife, then the claim that compasses reveal the direction of the local magnetic field is false.']
|
There is good reason to believe that either bases react with acids to neutralize each other at a fast rate both in water and in alcohol or insects are of course an important source of protein for birds and other wildlife. So long as bases react with acids to neutralize each other at a fast rate both in water and in alcohol, 'the claim that compasses reveal the direction of the local magnetic field is false' is true. If insects are of course an important source of protein for birds and other wildlife, then the claim that compasses reveal the direction of the local magnetic field is false.
|
The claim that compasses reveal the direction of the local magnetic field is false.
|
It is true that compasses reveal the direction of the local magnetic field.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then (Not [0].).
If [2], then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Compasses reveal the direction of the local magnetic field.', 1: 'Bases react with acids to neutralize each other at a fast rate both in water and in alcohol.', 2: 'Insects are of course an important source of protein for birds and other wildlife.'}
| 1 |
856 |
['Given that the statement that states ability is the make up of an athlete is false, it can be inferred that art objects are ornaments expressing conceptions.', "If the statement that states ability is the make up of an athlete is false, then the statement that 'art objects are ornaments expressing conceptions' is incorrect."]
|
Given that the statement that states ability is the make up of an athlete is false, it can be inferred that art objects are ornaments expressing conceptions. If the statement that states ability is the make up of an athlete is false, then the statement that 'art objects are ornaments expressing conceptions' is incorrect.
|
Many people rightly believe that ability is the make up of an athlete.
|
Many people rightly believe that ability is the make up of an athlete.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Ability is the make up of an athlete.', 1: 'Art objects are ornaments expressing conceptions.'}
| 1 |
867 |
['It is rational to believe that either writers are workers or many plants are toxic and unsafe for human use, including marijuana.', 'We know that the claim that writers are workers is false.']
|
It is rational to believe that either writers are workers or many plants are toxic and unsafe for human use, including marijuana. We know that the claim that writers are workers is false.
|
It is rational to agree that many plants are toxic and unsafe for human use, including marijuana.
|
Plants can also change color depending on their diets.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Many plants are toxic and unsafe for human use, including marijuana.', 1: 'Writers are workers.'}
| 1 |
524 |
["One may reasonably assume that if most photosynthesis takes place near the surface of aquatic systems, then the notion that 'cultural anthropologists take a holistic approach to the study of humankind' is untrue.", 'It is fair to say that most photosynthesis takes place near the surface of aquatic systems.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if most photosynthesis takes place near the surface of aquatic systems, then the notion that 'cultural anthropologists take a holistic approach to the study of humankind' is untrue. It is fair to say that most photosynthesis takes place near the surface of aquatic systems.
|
The notion that 'cultural anthropologists take a holistic approach to the study of humankind' is untrue.
|
The claim that cultural anthropologists take a holistic approach to the study of humankind holds true.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].).
[1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Cultural anthropologists take a holistic approach to the study of humankind.', 1: 'Most photosynthesis takes place near the surface of aquatic systems.'}
| 1 |
443 |
['It is rational to believe that either tidal pools form wherever water is trapped and left behind by the receding tide or most birds can fly and a penguin is a bird.', "Whenever it is true that tidal pools form wherever water is trapped and left behind by the receding tide, 'technology has an enormous impact on the careers of designers' is true.", 'Given that most birds can fly and a penguin is a bird, it can be inferred that technology has an enormous impact on the careers of designers.']
|
It is rational to believe that either tidal pools form wherever water is trapped and left behind by the receding tide or most birds can fly and a penguin is a bird. Whenever it is true that tidal pools form wherever water is trapped and left behind by the receding tide, 'technology has an enormous impact on the careers of designers' is true. Given that most birds can fly and a penguin is a bird, it can be inferred that technology has an enormous impact on the careers of designers.
|
The statement 'technology has an enormous impact on the careers of designers' can be considered true.
|
It is not the case that technology has an enormous impact on the careers of designers.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Technology has an enormous impact on the careers of designers.', 1: 'Tidal pools form wherever water is trapped and left behind by the receding tide.', 2: 'Most birds can fly and a penguin is a bird.'}
| 1 |
172 |
['Once we know ear tattooing is a pre-requisite for registering goats with the two main breed societies, we also know that supermans have (part) plasma membranes.', 'The idea that ear tattooing is a pre-requisite for registering goats with the two main breed societies is true.']
|
Once we know ear tattooing is a pre-requisite for registering goats with the two main breed societies, we also know that supermans have (part) plasma membranes. The idea that ear tattooing is a pre-requisite for registering goats with the two main breed societies is true.
|
We can assume that supermans have (part) plasma membranes.
|
We can assume that supermans have (part) plasma membranes.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Supermans have (part) plasma membranes.', 1: 'Ear tattooing is a pre-requisite for registering goats with the two main breed societies.'}
| 1 |
956 |
['If pedophiles primarily target elementary and middle school children, then bats often take cover inside the slats of exterior shutters.', "The statement 'bats often take cover inside the slats of exterior shutters' can be considered false."]
|
If pedophiles primarily target elementary and middle school children, then bats often take cover inside the slats of exterior shutters. The statement 'bats often take cover inside the slats of exterior shutters' can be considered false.
|
It is not true that pedophiles primarily target elementary and middle school children.
|
It is not true that pedophiles primarily target elementary and middle school children.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Pedophiles primarily target elementary and middle school children.', 1: 'Bats often take cover inside the slats of exterior shutters.'}
| 1 |
330 |
['It is a fact that either body temperature ranges from degree cs or some people mistakenly believe that most mandalas contain a host of deities as well as inaminate objects.', 'The claim that body temperature ranges from degree cs is false.']
|
It is a fact that either body temperature ranges from degree cs or some people mistakenly believe that most mandalas contain a host of deities as well as inaminate objects. The claim that body temperature ranges from degree cs is false.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that most mandalas contain a host of deities as well as inaminate objects.
|
The claim that mandalas vary greatly in intricacy from one to another does not reflect reality.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].).
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Most mandalas contain a host of deities as well as inaminate objects.', 1: 'Body temperature ranges from degree cs.'}
| 1 |
352 |
['Either some stomach tubes pass through mouths or eye contact is also an important skill to develop.', "Assuming some stomach tubes pass through mouths, we know that the statement 'malignant melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer' can be considered false.", "If eye contact is also an important skill to develop, then the statement 'malignant melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer' can be considered false."]
|
Either some stomach tubes pass through mouths or eye contact is also an important skill to develop. Assuming some stomach tubes pass through mouths, we know that the statement 'malignant melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer' can be considered false. If eye contact is also an important skill to develop, then the statement 'malignant melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer' can be considered false.
|
The statement 'malignant melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer' can be considered false.
|
It is true that malignant melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then (Not [0].).
If [2], then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Malignant melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer.', 1: 'Some stomach tubes pass through mouths.', 2: 'Eye contact is also an important skill to develop.'}
| 1 |
857 |
['It is rational to believe that either if stomach cancer is curable if it is found before it has spread, then dehydration is a good method for preservation of fruits and vegetables or coercion includes theft, violence, threats, fraud, pollution and breach Of contract.', "The notion that 'if stomach cancer is curable if it is found before it has spread, then dehydration is a good method for preservation of fruits and vegetables' is untrue."]
|
It is rational to believe that either if stomach cancer is curable if it is found before it has spread, then dehydration is a good method for preservation of fruits and vegetables or coercion includes theft, violence, threats, fraud, pollution and breach Of contract. The notion that 'if stomach cancer is curable if it is found before it has spread, then dehydration is a good method for preservation of fruits and vegetables' is untrue.
|
It is the case that coercion includes theft, violence, threats, fraud, pollution and breach Of contract.
|
Coercion is the initiation of physical force or fraud.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [1], then [2].) or [0].
Not (If [1], then [2].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Coercion includes theft, violence, threats, fraud, pollution and breach Of contract.', 1: 'Stomach cancer is curable if it is found before it has spread.', 2: 'Dehydration is a good method for preservation of fruits and vegetables.'}
| 1 |
766 |
['One may reasonably assume that if the statement that states dollar bills are located in banks is false, then most pigs chew wheat.', 'Should it be the case that the statement that states dollar bills are located in banks is false, it follows that some people mistakenly believe that most pigs chew wheat.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if the statement that states dollar bills are located in banks is false, then most pigs chew wheat. Should it be the case that the statement that states dollar bills are located in banks is false, it follows that some people mistakenly believe that most pigs chew wheat.
|
The statement 'dollar bills are located in banks' is true.
|
Dollar bills are used for cash.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Dollar bills are located in banks.', 1: 'Most pigs chew wheat.'}
| 1 |
39 |
["Whenever it is true that bacteria are all the same size, 'ice is less dense than water, therefore it floats' is true.", "The statement 'bacteria are all the same size' is true."]
|
Whenever it is true that bacteria are all the same size, 'ice is less dense than water, therefore it floats' is true. The statement 'bacteria are all the same size' is true.
|
It is the case that ice is less dense than water, therefore it floats.
|
It is the case that ice is less dense than water, therefore it floats.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Ice is less dense than water, therefore it floats.', 1: 'Bacteria are all the same size.'}
| 1 |
852 |
['At least one of two things is true: either diversity is also self-organizing or most snowstorms provide seasonal accumulation, or respiratory disease caused by long term exposure to irritating particles, that enter the lung.', "The notion that 'either diversity is also self-organizing or most snowstorms provide seasonal accumulation' is untrue."]
|
At least one of two things is true: either diversity is also self-organizing or most snowstorms provide seasonal accumulation, or respiratory disease caused by long term exposure to irritating particles, that enter the lung. The notion that 'either diversity is also self-organizing or most snowstorms provide seasonal accumulation' is untrue.
|
The idea that respiratory disease caused by long term exposure to irritating particles, that enter the lung is true.
|
The idea that respiratory disease caused by long term exposure to irritating particles, that enter the lung is true.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [0].
Not (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Respiratory disease caused by long term exposure to irritating particles, that enter the lung.', 1: 'Diversity is also self-organizing.', 2: 'Most snowstorms provide seasonal accumulation.'}
| 1 |
875 |
['It is rational to believe that either salinity increases cadmium uptake by wheat and Swiss chard from soil amended with biosolids or if a missile is a rocket, then fire can evaporate it and Ice can freeze it.', 'The claim that salinity increases cadmium uptake by wheat and Swiss chard from soil amended with biosolids does not reflect reality.']
|
It is rational to believe that either salinity increases cadmium uptake by wheat and Swiss chard from soil amended with biosolids or if a missile is a rocket, then fire can evaporate it and Ice can freeze it. The claim that salinity increases cadmium uptake by wheat and Swiss chard from soil amended with biosolids does not reflect reality.
|
On the condition that a missile is a rocket, it is definitely the case that fire can evaporate it and Ice can freeze it.
|
On the condition that a missile is a rocket, it is definitely the case that fire can evaporate it and Ice can freeze it.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].).
Not [2].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'A missile is a rocket.', 1: 'Fire can evaporate it and Ice can freeze it.', 2: 'Salinity increases cadmium uptake by wheat and Swiss chard from soil amended with biosolids.'}
| 1 |
156 |
["So long as the statement that 'squirrels also enjoy eating birdseed without hesitation even in the presence of birds' is incorrect, 'coconut milk is an essential cooking ingredient in Indonesian cuisine' is true.", "Should it be the case that the statement that 'squirrels also enjoy eating birdseed without hesitation even in the presence of birds' is incorrect, it follows that those that suggest coconut milk is an essential cooking ingredient in Indonesian cuisine are wrong."]
|
So long as the statement that 'squirrels also enjoy eating birdseed without hesitation even in the presence of birds' is incorrect, 'coconut milk is an essential cooking ingredient in Indonesian cuisine' is true. Should it be the case that the statement that 'squirrels also enjoy eating birdseed without hesitation even in the presence of birds' is incorrect, it follows that those that suggest coconut milk is an essential cooking ingredient in Indonesian cuisine are wrong.
|
We can assume that squirrels also enjoy eating birdseed without hesitation even in the presence of birds.
|
Squirrels reach height.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Squirrels also enjoy eating birdseed without hesitation even in the presence of birds.', 1: 'Coconut milk is an essential cooking ingredient in Indonesian cuisine.'}
| 1 |
222 |
['Either sports are physical events used for recreation or competition or the claim that caffeine is also present in colas, chocolate bars, and cocoa is false.', 'It is a common misconception that sports are physical events used for recreation or competition.']
|
Either sports are physical events used for recreation or competition or the claim that caffeine is also present in colas, chocolate bars, and cocoa is false. It is a common misconception that sports are physical events used for recreation or competition.
|
The claim that caffeine is also present in colas, chocolate bars, and cocoa is false.
|
The claim that caffeine is also present in colas, chocolate bars, and cocoa is true.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].).
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Caffeine is also present in colas, chocolate bars, and cocoa.', 1: 'Sports are physical events used for recreation or competition.'}
| 1 |
641 |
['Provided that producers have decisions, we know that toxins also can be dangerous, to play it safe eat fish that is low in fat.', 'We can assume that producers have decisions.']
|
Provided that producers have decisions, we know that toxins also can be dangerous, to play it safe eat fish that is low in fat. We can assume that producers have decisions.
|
The claim that toxins also can be dangerous, to play it safe eat fish that is low in fat is true.
|
Those that suggest toxins also can be dangerous, to play it safe eat fish that is low in fat are wrong.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Toxins also can be dangerous, to play it safe eat fish that is low in fat.', 1: 'Producers have decisions.'}
| 1 |
210 |
["So long as prokaryotes have a large array of abilities, 'water is found in the atmosphere, on the surface of Earth and underground, and in living organisms' is true.", 'If prokaryotes have a large array of abilities, then those that suggest water is found in the atmosphere, on the surface of Earth and underground, and in living organisms are wrong.']
|
So long as prokaryotes have a large array of abilities, 'water is found in the atmosphere, on the surface of Earth and underground, and in living organisms' is true. If prokaryotes have a large array of abilities, then those that suggest water is found in the atmosphere, on the surface of Earth and underground, and in living organisms are wrong.
|
Those that suggest prokaryotes have a large array of abilities are wrong.
|
The claim that prokaryotes have a large array of abilities is true.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1].
If [0], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Prokaryotes have a large array of abilities.', 1: 'Water is found in the atmosphere, on the surface of Earth and underground, and in living organisms.'}
| 1 |
746 |
['There is good reason to believe that either strong joinery is used to ensure quality and durability or if radio is heard by the majority of people while driving to and from work each day, then mediation is a flexible way of resolving disagreements.', 'One may reasonably assume that if strong joinery is used to ensure quality and durability, then astronomers act as children.', 'Assuming if radio is heard by the majority of people while driving to and from work each day, then mediation is a flexible way of resolving disagreements, we know that astronomers act as children.']
|
There is good reason to believe that either strong joinery is used to ensure quality and durability or if radio is heard by the majority of people while driving to and from work each day, then mediation is a flexible way of resolving disagreements. One may reasonably assume that if strong joinery is used to ensure quality and durability, then astronomers act as children. Assuming if radio is heard by the majority of people while driving to and from work each day, then mediation is a flexible way of resolving disagreements, we know that astronomers act as children.
|
Those that suggest astronomers act as children are right.
|
Those that suggest astronomers act as children are right.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or (If [2], then [3].).
If [1], then [0].
If (If [2], then [3].), then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Astronomers act as children.', 1: 'Strong joinery is used to ensure quality and durability.', 2: 'Radio is heard by the majority of people while driving to and from work each day.', 3: 'Mediation is a flexible way of resolving disagreements.'}
| 1 |
960 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: either tuatara isa reptile or snake is a common food found in all the markets, or car accidents are vehicular accidents.', "The notion that 'either tuatara isa reptile or snake is a common food found in all the markets' is untrue."]
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: either tuatara isa reptile or snake is a common food found in all the markets, or car accidents are vehicular accidents. The notion that 'either tuatara isa reptile or snake is a common food found in all the markets' is untrue.
|
It is the case that car accidents are vehicular accidents.
|
Car accidents cause whiplashs.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [0].
Not (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Car accidents are vehicular accidents.', 1: 'Tuatara isa reptile.', 2: 'Snake is a common food found in all the markets.'}
| 1 |
700 |
['Once we know toilets have bowls, we also know that livestock modify their intake and diet selection to rectify nutritional imbalances.', 'We can assume that toilets have bowls.']
|
Once we know toilets have bowls, we also know that livestock modify their intake and diet selection to rectify nutritional imbalances. We can assume that toilets have bowls.
|
It is the case that livestock modify their intake and diet selection to rectify nutritional imbalances.
|
The claim that livestock modify their intake and diet selection to rectify nutritional imbalances does not reflect reality.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Livestock modify their intake and diet selection to rectify nutritional imbalances.', 1: 'Toilets have bowls.'}
| 1 |
167 |
['One may reasonably assume that if worlds are defined as earth, then wheat has (part) plasma membranes.', 'worlds are defined as earth.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if worlds are defined as earth, then wheat has (part) plasma membranes. worlds are defined as earth.
|
The claim that wheat has (part) plasma membranes holds true.
|
The statement, wheat has (part) plasma membranes, does not hold.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Wheat has (part) plasma membranes.', 1: 'Worlds are defined as earth.'}
| 1 |
998 |
["Should it be the case that the statement 'some creoles have wider reaches than others' can be considered false, it follows that either poems have (part) paragraphs or some genetic diseases result from the inappropriate activation of genes.", 'The claim that either poems have (part) paragraphs or some genetic diseases result from the inappropriate activation of genes is false.']
|
Should it be the case that the statement 'some creoles have wider reaches than others' can be considered false, it follows that either poems have (part) paragraphs or some genetic diseases result from the inappropriate activation of genes. The claim that either poems have (part) paragraphs or some genetic diseases result from the inappropriate activation of genes is false.
|
The idea that some creoles have wider reaches than others is true.
|
The idea that some creoles have wider reaches than others is true.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).
Not (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Some creoles have wider reaches than others.', 1: 'Poems have (part) paragraphs.', 2: 'Some genetic diseases result from the inappropriate activation of genes.'}
| 1 |
984 |
["So long as permanent complications are rare, but influenza can be fatal for some people, 'true profit lies in caring about other people' is true.", 'The claim that permanent complications are rare, but influenza can be fatal for some people is true.']
|
So long as permanent complications are rare, but influenza can be fatal for some people, 'true profit lies in caring about other people' is true. The claim that permanent complications are rare, but influenza can be fatal for some people is true.
|
We can assume that true profit lies in caring about other people.
|
We can assume that true profit lies in caring about other people.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'True profit lies in caring about other people.', 1: 'Permanent complications are rare, but influenza can be fatal for some people.'}
| 1 |
491 |
['We know that either electromagnets are a part of our everyday lives or if violent entertainment is a public health hazard, then most scorpions have tails.', 'It is not the case that electromagnets are a part of our everyday lives.']
|
We know that either electromagnets are a part of our everyday lives or if violent entertainment is a public health hazard, then most scorpions have tails. It is not the case that electromagnets are a part of our everyday lives.
|
Should it be the case that violent entertainment is a public health hazard, it follows that most scorpions have tails.
|
The statement that 'if violent entertainment is a public health hazard, then most scorpions have tails' is incorrect.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].).
Not [2].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Violent entertainment is a public health hazard.', 1: 'Most scorpions have tails.', 2: 'Electromagnets are a part of our everyday lives.'}
| 1 |
10 |
['It is a fact that either some crests increase oxygen uptake or autotrophs fix the released carbon dioxide once again, release new oxygen, and the cycle continues.', "Whenever it is true that some crests increase oxygen uptake, 'it is a common misconception that chemoreceptors are sense organs' is true.", 'One may reasonably assume that if autotrophs fix the released carbon dioxide once again, release new oxygen, and the cycle continues, then it is a common misconception that chemoreceptors are sense organs.']
|
It is a fact that either some crests increase oxygen uptake or autotrophs fix the released carbon dioxide once again, release new oxygen, and the cycle continues. Whenever it is true that some crests increase oxygen uptake, 'it is a common misconception that chemoreceptors are sense organs' is true. One may reasonably assume that if autotrophs fix the released carbon dioxide once again, release new oxygen, and the cycle continues, then it is a common misconception that chemoreceptors are sense organs.
|
It is a common misconception that chemoreceptors are sense organs.
|
The idea that chemoreceptors are sense organs is true.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then (Not [0].).
If [2], then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Chemoreceptors are sense organs.', 1: 'Some crests increase oxygen uptake.', 2: 'Autotrophs fix the released carbon dioxide once again, release new oxygen, and the cycle continues.'}
| 1 |
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