id
int64 0
7k
| premises
stringlengths 118
4.1k
| paragraph
stringlengths 111
4.06k
| conclusion
stringlengths 15
240
| question
stringlengths 14
249
| label
stringclasses 3
values | arg
stringlengths 54
2.02k
| statements
stringlengths 51
1.12k
| depth
int64 1
7
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
105 |
['Provided that either levant tribesmen dress differently than other villagers and can be easily recognized or tars also damage the lungs, leading to serious breathing problems, we know that most entire plants get nutrients.', 'It is a common misconception that most entire plants get nutrients.']
|
Provided that either levant tribesmen dress differently than other villagers and can be easily recognized or tars also damage the lungs, leading to serious breathing problems, we know that most entire plants get nutrients. It is a common misconception that most entire plants get nutrients.
|
The claim that either levant tribesmen dress differently than other villagers and can be easily recognized or tars also damage the lungs, leading to serious breathing problems has no merit.
|
The claim that either levant tribesmen dress differently than other villagers and can be easily recognized or tars also damage the lungs, leading to serious breathing problems has no merit.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Either [0] or [1].), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, Not (Either [0] or [1].)..
|
{0: 'Levant tribesmen dress differently than other villagers and can be easily recognized.', 1: 'Tars also damage the lungs, leading to serious breathing problems.', 2: 'Most entire plants get nutrients.'}
| 1 |
68 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: tulips are used fresh rather than cooked and can be added to appetizers, salads and desserts, or echocardiography improves emergency room diagnosis.', 'The statement that states tulips are used fresh rather than cooked and can be added to appetizers, salads and desserts is false.']
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: tulips are used fresh rather than cooked and can be added to appetizers, salads and desserts, or echocardiography improves emergency room diagnosis. The statement that states tulips are used fresh rather than cooked and can be added to appetizers, salads and desserts is false.
|
It is the case that echocardiography improves emergency room diagnosis.
|
Echocardiography reveals defects of the atrial and ventricular septae.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Echocardiography improves emergency room diagnosis.', 1: 'Tulips are used fresh rather than cooked and can be added to appetizers, salads and desserts.'}
| 1 |
479 |
['Assuming screw jacks adjust the height to improve sight lines, we know that foods containing folate include citrus fruits, tomatoes, green leafy vegetables and grains.', 'It is fair to say that screw jacks adjust the height to improve sight lines.']
|
Assuming screw jacks adjust the height to improve sight lines, we know that foods containing folate include citrus fruits, tomatoes, green leafy vegetables and grains. It is fair to say that screw jacks adjust the height to improve sight lines.
|
We can assume that foods containing folate include citrus fruits, tomatoes, green leafy vegetables and grains.
|
We can assume that foods containing folate include citrus fruits, tomatoes, green leafy vegetables and grains.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Foods containing folate include citrus fruits, tomatoes, green leafy vegetables and grains.', 1: 'Screw jacks adjust the height to improve sight lines.'}
| 1 |
399 |
['Should it be the case that it is not true that if data stores refer to entities that have been defined, then traditional folktales pass orally from one generation to another, it follows that eyes are small and lack eyelids.', 'The statement, eyes are small and lack eyelids, does not hold.']
|
Should it be the case that it is not true that if data stores refer to entities that have been defined, then traditional folktales pass orally from one generation to another, it follows that eyes are small and lack eyelids. The statement, eyes are small and lack eyelids, does not hold.
|
Provided that data stores refer to entities that have been defined, we know that traditional folktales pass orally from one generation to another
|
If data stores refer to entities that have been defined, then clinical errors contribute to about half of all iatrogenic events.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Data stores refer to entities that have been defined.', 1: 'Traditional folktales pass orally from one generation to another.', 2: 'Eyes are small and lack eyelids.'}
| 1 |
434 |
['When it is not true that some fluid has viscosity is true, it follows that mine machinery has motors.', 'Assuming it is not true that some fluid has viscosity, we know that it is not the case that mine machinery has motors.']
|
When it is not true that some fluid has viscosity is true, it follows that mine machinery has motors. Assuming it is not true that some fluid has viscosity, we know that it is not the case that mine machinery has motors.
|
It is true that some fluid has viscosity.
|
Fluids stagnate on every surface they meet.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Some fluid has viscosity.', 1: 'Mine machinery has motors.'}
| 1 |
258 |
["Provided that the statement that states most people make mistakes when they're learning new things is false, we know that strong winds force water from beneath the ice and can decay the edges of the ice.", "One may reasonably assume that if the statement that states most people make mistakes when they're learning new things is false, then those that suggest strong winds force water from beneath the ice and can decay the edges of the ice are wrong."]
|
Provided that the statement that states most people make mistakes when they're learning new things is false, we know that strong winds force water from beneath the ice and can decay the edges of the ice. One may reasonably assume that if the statement that states most people make mistakes when they're learning new things is false, then those that suggest strong winds force water from beneath the ice and can decay the edges of the ice are wrong.
|
It is true that most people make mistakes when they're learning new things.
|
Some people are more vulnerable than others.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: "Most people make mistakes when they're learning new things.", 1: 'Strong winds force water from beneath the ice and can decay the edges of the ice.'}
| 1 |
827 |
['Given that it is a common misconception that most heads have ears, it can be inferred that bats lift wings.', 'It is not true that bats lift wings.']
|
Given that it is a common misconception that most heads have ears, it can be inferred that bats lift wings. It is not true that bats lift wings.
|
most heads have ears.
|
Most heads have ears.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Most heads have ears.', 1: 'Bats lift wings.'}
| 1 |
884 |
['Should it be the case that diets change every day, it follows that radon enters a home through cracks in walls, basement floors, foundations and other openings.', "The statement 'diets change every day' is true."]
|
Should it be the case that diets change every day, it follows that radon enters a home through cracks in walls, basement floors, foundations and other openings. The statement 'diets change every day' is true.
|
It is fair to say that radon enters a home through cracks in walls, basement floors, foundations and other openings.
|
It is fair to say that radon enters a home through cracks in walls, basement floors, foundations and other openings.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Radon enters a home through cracks in walls, basement floors, foundations and other openings.', 1: 'Diets change every day.'}
| 1 |
304 |
['Given that statistics prove that deaf people live longer than hearing people, it can be inferred that it is a common misconception that either women lose iron during their monthly cycles or cancellous bone contains water as well.', 'The claim that statistics prove that deaf people live longer than hearing people holds true.']
|
Given that statistics prove that deaf people live longer than hearing people, it can be inferred that it is a common misconception that either women lose iron during their monthly cycles or cancellous bone contains water as well. The claim that statistics prove that deaf people live longer than hearing people holds true.
|
It is a common misconception that either women lose iron during their monthly cycles or cancellous bone contains water as well.
|
The statement that states most women try diets is false.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Not (Either [0] or [1].).).
[2]
Therefore, Not (Either [0] or [1].)..
|
{0: 'Women lose iron during their monthly cycles.', 1: 'Cancellous bone contains water as well.', 2: 'Statistics prove that deaf people live longer than hearing people.'}
| 1 |
811 |
["When the notion that 'plants breathe oxygen into the atmosphere' is untrue is true, it follows that pellets are balls.", "Whenever it is true that the notion that 'plants breathe oxygen into the atmosphere' is untrue, 'it is a common misconception that pellets are balls' is true."]
|
When the notion that 'plants breathe oxygen into the atmosphere' is untrue is true, it follows that pellets are balls. Whenever it is true that the notion that 'plants breathe oxygen into the atmosphere' is untrue, 'it is a common misconception that pellets are balls' is true.
|
It is true that plants breathe oxygen into the atmosphere.
|
It is true that plants breathe oxygen into the atmosphere.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Plants breathe oxygen into the atmosphere.', 1: 'Pellets are balls.'}
| 1 |
938 |
['At least one of two things is true: australian lungfishes have fins, or peptic ulceration is rare during pregnancy.', 'Given that australian lungfishes have fins, it can be inferred that a silly season is a period.', 'Once we know peptic ulceration is rare during pregnancy, we also know that a silly season is a period.']
|
At least one of two things is true: australian lungfishes have fins, or peptic ulceration is rare during pregnancy. Given that australian lungfishes have fins, it can be inferred that a silly season is a period. Once we know peptic ulceration is rare during pregnancy, we also know that a silly season is a period.
|
The statement that states a silly season is a period is right.
|
The statement that states a silly season is a period is right.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'A silly season is a period.', 1: 'Australian lungfishes have fins.', 2: 'Peptic ulceration is rare during pregnancy.'}
| 1 |
924 |
['Assuming if eyelashes keep dust and dirt from getting into the eyes, then growth factors stimulate cells to multiply and mature, we know that most soil compaction is caused by construction equipment.', 'Provided that eyelashes keep dust and dirt from getting into the eyes, we know that growth factors stimulate cells to multiply and mature.']
|
Assuming if eyelashes keep dust and dirt from getting into the eyes, then growth factors stimulate cells to multiply and mature, we know that most soil compaction is caused by construction equipment. Provided that eyelashes keep dust and dirt from getting into the eyes, we know that growth factors stimulate cells to multiply and mature.
|
Those that suggest most soil compaction is caused by construction equipment are right.
|
Soil compaction affects tree growth.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If (If [1], then [2].), then [0].
If [1], then [2].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Most soil compaction is caused by construction equipment.', 1: 'Eyelashes keep dust and dirt from getting into the eyes.', 2: 'Growth factors stimulate cells to multiply and mature.'}
| 1 |
526 |
["Either chitin is highly resistant to enzymatic breakdown or the statement 'either kids involve in activities or stag beetles have feathery tubes that they can extend to suck their food with' can be considered false.", 'It is not the case that chitin is highly resistant to enzymatic breakdown.']
|
Either chitin is highly resistant to enzymatic breakdown or the statement 'either kids involve in activities or stag beetles have feathery tubes that they can extend to suck their food with' can be considered false. It is not the case that chitin is highly resistant to enzymatic breakdown.
|
The statement 'either kids involve in activities or stag beetles have feathery tubes that they can extend to suck their food with' can be considered false.
|
The statement 'either kids involve in activities or stag beetles have feathery tubes that they can extend to suck their food with' can be considered false.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Not (Either [0] or [1].).).
Not [2].
Therefore, Not (Either [0] or [1].)..
|
{0: 'Kids involve in activities.', 1: 'Stag beetles have feathery tubes that they can extend to suck their food with.', 2: 'Chitin is highly resistant to enzymatic breakdown.'}
| 1 |
20 |
['It is rational to believe that either either video games do indeed affect the body s pulse rate or women suffer from phobias about twice as often as men or if anorexics have a distorted body image, then insects thrive in grass.', 'Should it be the case that either video games do indeed affect the body s pulse rate or women suffer from phobias about twice as often as men , it follows that diversity is about the many groups of peoples that compose America, the plures.', 'Once we know if anorexics have a distorted body image, then insects thrive in grass, we also know that diversity is about the many groups of peoples that compose America, the plures.']
|
It is rational to believe that either either video games do indeed affect the body s pulse rate or women suffer from phobias about twice as often as men or if anorexics have a distorted body image, then insects thrive in grass. Should it be the case that either video games do indeed affect the body s pulse rate or women suffer from phobias about twice as often as men , it follows that diversity is about the many groups of peoples that compose America, the plures. Once we know if anorexics have a distorted body image, then insects thrive in grass, we also know that diversity is about the many groups of peoples that compose America, the plures.
|
It is true that diversity is about the many groups of peoples that compose America, the plures.
|
Diversity is lower when species abundance is uneven, and very low when species are few.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or (If [3], then [4].).
If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0].
If (If [3], then [4].), then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Diversity is about the many groups of peoples that compose America, the plures.', 1: 'Video games do indeed affect the body s pulse rate.', 2: 'Women suffer from phobias about twice as often as men .', 3: 'Anorexics have a distorted body image.', 4: 'Insects thrive in grass.'}
| 1 |
905 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: hosta species vary in size and foliage color, or some small bulls shed antlers.', "Provided that hosta species vary in size and foliage color, we know that the statement that 'growth regulators can increase tuber initiation' is incorrect.", "Once we know some small bulls shed antlers, we also know that the statement that 'growth regulators can increase tuber initiation' is incorrect."]
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: hosta species vary in size and foliage color, or some small bulls shed antlers. Provided that hosta species vary in size and foliage color, we know that the statement that 'growth regulators can increase tuber initiation' is incorrect. Once we know some small bulls shed antlers, we also know that the statement that 'growth regulators can increase tuber initiation' is incorrect.
|
The statement that 'growth regulators can increase tuber initiation' is incorrect.
|
The claim that growth regulators can increase tuber initiation holds true.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then (Not [0].).
If [2], then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Growth regulators can increase tuber initiation.', 1: 'Hosta species vary in size and foliage color.', 2: 'Some small bulls shed antlers.'}
| 1 |
380 |
['If a duplex is an apartment, then immunizations can also reduce the potential for costly inpatient hospital stays for children.', 'It is the case that a duplex is an apartment.']
|
If a duplex is an apartment, then immunizations can also reduce the potential for costly inpatient hospital stays for children. It is the case that a duplex is an apartment.
|
The claim that immunizations can also reduce the potential for costly inpatient hospital stays for children is true.
|
The claim that immunizations can also reduce the potential for costly inpatient hospital stays for children is true.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Immunizations can also reduce the potential for costly inpatient hospital stays for children.', 1: 'A duplex is an apartment.'}
| 1 |
420 |
['Assuming it is a common misconception that either men come from homes or a vortex is a round shape, we know that recent research focuses on the role of ambient physical characteristics in human well-being.', 'The claim that recent research focuses on the role of ambient physical characteristics in human well-being is false.']
|
Assuming it is a common misconception that either men come from homes or a vortex is a round shape, we know that recent research focuses on the role of ambient physical characteristics in human well-being. The claim that recent research focuses on the role of ambient physical characteristics in human well-being is false.
|
There is good reason to believe that either men come from homes or a vortex is a round shape.
|
The statement that states either men come from homes or a vortex is a round shape is false.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
|
{0: 'Men come from homes.', 1: 'A vortex is a round shape.', 2: 'Recent research focuses on the role of ambient physical characteristics in human well-being.'}
| 1 |
285 |
['At least one of two things is true: images are tools, also sounds such as wind chimes and bells, and music, or either waterline Is where the water meets the hull of a vessal when it floating or positively bouyant or some collar peccaries live in regions.', "So long as images are tools, also sounds such as wind chimes and bells, and music, 'if ospreys have (part) brains, then some hogs compete with livestock' is true.", 'Should it be the case that either waterline Is where the water meets the hull of a vessal when it floating or positively bouyant or some collar peccaries live in regions, it follows that if ospreys have (part) brains, then some hogs compete with livestock.']
|
At least one of two things is true: images are tools, also sounds such as wind chimes and bells, and music, or either waterline Is where the water meets the hull of a vessal when it floating or positively bouyant or some collar peccaries live in regions. So long as images are tools, also sounds such as wind chimes and bells, and music, 'if ospreys have (part) brains, then some hogs compete with livestock' is true. Should it be the case that either waterline Is where the water meets the hull of a vessal when it floating or positively bouyant or some collar peccaries live in regions, it follows that if ospreys have (part) brains, then some hogs compete with livestock.
|
Provided that ospreys have (part) brains, we know that some hogs compete with livestock
|
Some people mistakenly believe that if ospreys have (part) brains, then some hogs compete with livestock.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or (Either [3] or [4].).
If [2], then (If [0], then [1].).
If (Either [3] or [4].), then (If [0], then [1].).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Ospreys have (part) brains.', 1: 'Some hogs compete with livestock.', 2: 'Images are tools, also sounds such as wind chimes and bells, and music.', 3: 'Waterline Is where the water meets the hull of a vessal when it floating or positively bouyant.', 4: 'Some collar peccaries live in regions.'}
| 1 |
71 |
['There is good reason to believe that either either people purchase books or rabbits make nests in tall grass and weedy areas or statues are used for honour.', 'The claim that either people purchase books or rabbits make nests in tall grass and weedy areas has no merit.']
|
There is good reason to believe that either either people purchase books or rabbits make nests in tall grass and weedy areas or statues are used for honour. The claim that either people purchase books or rabbits make nests in tall grass and weedy areas has no merit.
|
It is a simple truth that statues are used for honour.
|
It is a simple truth that statues are used for honour.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [0].
Not (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Statues are used for honour.', 1: 'People purchase books.', 2: 'Rabbits make nests in tall grass and weedy areas.'}
| 1 |
49 |
['Once we know we know that the claim that most conifers are evergreen and produce cones is false, we also know that a boundary is an extremity.', 'Those that suggest a boundary is an extremity are wrong.']
|
Once we know we know that the claim that most conifers are evergreen and produce cones is false, we also know that a boundary is an extremity. Those that suggest a boundary is an extremity are wrong.
|
The statement 'most conifers are evergreen and produce cones' can be considered true.
|
Most conifers grow in areas.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Most conifers are evergreen and produce cones.', 1: 'A boundary is an extremity.'}
| 1 |
179 |
['Once we know desalination is more expensive than most other methods of obtaining fresh water, we also know that most salamanders thrive in environments.', 'Those that suggest most salamanders thrive in environments are wrong.']
|
Once we know desalination is more expensive than most other methods of obtaining fresh water, we also know that most salamanders thrive in environments. Those that suggest most salamanders thrive in environments are wrong.
|
It is a common misconception that desalination is more expensive than most other methods of obtaining fresh water.
|
It is a common misconception that desalination is more expensive than most other methods of obtaining fresh water.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Desalination is more expensive than most other methods of obtaining fresh water.', 1: 'Most salamanders thrive in environments.'}
| 1 |
506 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: smaller molecules enter the beads and are retarded based on their size, or some predators have widespread distribution.', 'The claim that smaller molecules enter the beads and are retarded based on their size is false.']
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: smaller molecules enter the beads and are retarded based on their size, or some predators have widespread distribution. The claim that smaller molecules enter the beads and are retarded based on their size is false.
|
The claim that some predators have widespread distribution holds true.
|
Predators require cool water.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Some predators have widespread distribution.', 1: 'Smaller molecules enter the beads and are retarded based on their size.'}
| 1 |
929 |
['It is a fact that either oxidative damage is deleterious to cell function or weed growth promotes disease problems and can harbor deleterious insects and diseases.', "So long as oxidative damage is deleterious to cell function, 'science is the foundation of real religion' is true.", 'Once we know weed growth promotes disease problems and can harbor deleterious insects and diseases, we also know that science is the foundation of real religion.']
|
It is a fact that either oxidative damage is deleterious to cell function or weed growth promotes disease problems and can harbor deleterious insects and diseases. So long as oxidative damage is deleterious to cell function, 'science is the foundation of real religion' is true. Once we know weed growth promotes disease problems and can harbor deleterious insects and diseases, we also know that science is the foundation of real religion.
|
Many people rightly believe that science is the foundation of real religion.
|
Many people rightly believe that science is the foundation of real religion.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Science is the foundation of real religion.', 1: 'Oxidative damage is deleterious to cell function.', 2: 'Weed growth promotes disease problems and can harbor deleterious insects and diseases.'}
| 1 |
116 |
['Once we know magical forces generate destructive power, we also know that grades are gradients.', 'The claim that magical forces generate destructive power holds true.']
|
Once we know magical forces generate destructive power, we also know that grades are gradients. The claim that magical forces generate destructive power holds true.
|
The idea that grades are gradients is true.
|
The statement 'grades are gradients' can be considered false.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Grades are gradients.', 1: 'Magical forces generate destructive power.'}
| 1 |
293 |
["It is rational to believe that either some fetal death occurs in facilities or the notion that 'most corn plants produce dry matter' is untrue.", 'It is not the case that some fetal death occurs in facilities.']
|
It is rational to believe that either some fetal death occurs in facilities or the notion that 'most corn plants produce dry matter' is untrue. It is not the case that some fetal death occurs in facilities.
|
The notion that 'most corn plants produce dry matter' is untrue.
|
It is a common misconception that most corn plants reach maturity.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].).
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Most corn plants produce dry matter.', 1: 'Some fetal death occurs in facilities.'}
| 1 |
76 |
['It is rational to believe that either either some birds lose weight or gatherers have (part) nuclei or natural disasters occur mercurially all the time and can severely affect business operations.', 'One may reasonably assume that if either some birds lose weight or gatherers have (part) nuclei, then we know that the claim that some predators kill badgers is false.', 'Given that natural disasters occur mercurially all the time and can severely affect business operations, it can be inferred that we know that the claim that some predators kill badgers is false.']
|
It is rational to believe that either either some birds lose weight or gatherers have (part) nuclei or natural disasters occur mercurially all the time and can severely affect business operations. One may reasonably assume that if either some birds lose weight or gatherers have (part) nuclei, then we know that the claim that some predators kill badgers is false. Given that natural disasters occur mercurially all the time and can severely affect business operations, it can be inferred that we know that the claim that some predators kill badgers is false.
|
We know that the claim that some predators kill badgers is false.
|
It is a common misconception that most predators have natural enemies.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [3].
If (Either [1] or [2].), then (Not [0].).
If [3], then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Some predators kill badgers.', 1: 'Some birds lose weight.', 2: 'Gatherers have (part) nuclei.', 3: 'Natural disasters occur mercurially all the time and can severely affect business operations.'}
| 1 |
48 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: genets have claws, or drought weakens trees.', 'It is not the case that genets have claws.']
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: genets have claws, or drought weakens trees. It is not the case that genets have claws.
|
It is fair to say that drought weakens trees.
|
It is fair to say that drought weakens trees.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Drought weakens trees.', 1: 'Genets have claws.'}
| 1 |
503 |
['It is a fact that either trees are also a factor in retaining and attracting residents, which promotes community stability or the claim that discovery is the process of gathering information in preparation for trial has no merit.', "The statement 'trees are also a factor in retaining and attracting residents, which promotes community stability' can be considered false."]
|
It is a fact that either trees are also a factor in retaining and attracting residents, which promotes community stability or the claim that discovery is the process of gathering information in preparation for trial has no merit. The statement 'trees are also a factor in retaining and attracting residents, which promotes community stability' can be considered false.
|
The claim that discovery is the process of gathering information in preparation for trial has no merit.
|
The statement 'discovery is the process of gathering information in preparation for trial' is true.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].).
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Discovery is the process of gathering information in preparation for trial.', 1: 'Trees are also a factor in retaining and attracting residents, which promotes community stability.'}
| 1 |
263 |
['Given that the claim that most butterflies seek meals does not reflect reality, it can be inferred that diesel fuel operates trucks and tractors, ships and trains.', "On the condition that the claim that most butterflies seek meals does not reflect reality, it is definitely the case that the statement that 'diesel fuel operates trucks and tractors, ships and trains' is incorrect."]
|
Given that the claim that most butterflies seek meals does not reflect reality, it can be inferred that diesel fuel operates trucks and tractors, ships and trains. On the condition that the claim that most butterflies seek meals does not reflect reality, it is definitely the case that the statement that 'diesel fuel operates trucks and tractors, ships and trains' is incorrect.
|
most butterflies seek meals.
|
The statement that 'most butterflies seek meals' is incorrect.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Most butterflies seek meals.', 1: 'Diesel fuel operates trucks and tractors, ships and trains.'}
| 1 |
808 |
["Should it be the case that the notion that 'heavy weapons are the railgun and concussion rifle' is untrue, it follows that efficiency is the soul of any public service agency.", "Provided that the notion that 'heavy weapons are the railgun and concussion rifle' is untrue, we know that the statement that states efficiency is the soul of any public service agency is false."]
|
Should it be the case that the notion that 'heavy weapons are the railgun and concussion rifle' is untrue, it follows that efficiency is the soul of any public service agency. Provided that the notion that 'heavy weapons are the railgun and concussion rifle' is untrue, we know that the statement that states efficiency is the soul of any public service agency is false.
|
The idea that heavy weapons are the railgun and concussion rifle is true.
|
A heavy weapon is an armament.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Heavy weapons are the railgun and concussion rifle.', 1: 'Efficiency is the soul of any public service agency.'}
| 1 |
863 |
['Given that those that suggest either dirty clothing carries disease-causing microorganisms which can contaminate clean hands or sea horses mate for life and are reluctant to accept a new mate after losing the existing one are wrong, it can be inferred that arranged marriages are difficult for many people to understand.', 'The claim that arranged marriages are difficult for many people to understand does not correspond with reality.']
|
Given that those that suggest either dirty clothing carries disease-causing microorganisms which can contaminate clean hands or sea horses mate for life and are reluctant to accept a new mate after losing the existing one are wrong, it can be inferred that arranged marriages are difficult for many people to understand. The claim that arranged marriages are difficult for many people to understand does not correspond with reality.
|
There is good reason to believe that either dirty clothing carries disease-causing microorganisms which can contaminate clean hands or sea horses mate for life and are reluctant to accept a new mate after losing the existing one.
|
We know that either exons have (part) atoms or all sea horses use their pelvic and pectoral fins for steering.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
|
{0: 'Dirty clothing carries disease-causing microorganisms which can contaminate clean hands.', 1: 'Sea horses mate for life and are reluctant to accept a new mate after losing the existing one.', 2: 'Arranged marriages are difficult for many people to understand.'}
| 1 |
748 |
["Provided that the statement that 'food includes roots' is incorrect, we know that if some lemurs live in multi male multi female groups, then audit is the bread and butter of accounting.", "The statement that 'if some lemurs live in multi male multi female groups, then audit is the bread and butter of accounting' is incorrect."]
|
Provided that the statement that 'food includes roots' is incorrect, we know that if some lemurs live in multi male multi female groups, then audit is the bread and butter of accounting. The statement that 'if some lemurs live in multi male multi female groups, then audit is the bread and butter of accounting' is incorrect.
|
We can assume that food includes roots.
|
Food is to be kept in tin or plastic containers to achieve maximum health and pest control.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].).
Not (If [1], then [2].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Food includes roots.', 1: 'Some lemurs live in multi male multi female groups.', 2: 'Audit is the bread and butter of accounting.'}
| 1 |
64 |
['Given that the statement, some parents give children a weekly dollar amount equal to their age, does not hold, it can be inferred that sand reduces the supply of air and cools it.', "When the statement, some parents give children a weekly dollar amount equal to their age, does not hold is true, it follows that the notion that 'sand reduces the supply of air and cools it' is untrue."]
|
Given that the statement, some parents give children a weekly dollar amount equal to their age, does not hold, it can be inferred that sand reduces the supply of air and cools it. When the statement, some parents give children a weekly dollar amount equal to their age, does not hold is true, it follows that the notion that 'sand reduces the supply of air and cools it' is untrue.
|
The statement 'some parents give children a weekly dollar amount equal to their age' can be considered true.
|
The statement 'some parents give children a weekly dollar amount equal to their age' can be considered true.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Some parents give children a weekly dollar amount equal to their age.', 1: 'Sand reduces the supply of air and cools it.'}
| 1 |
798 |
["So long as cats are by nature solitary and very defensive of their space, 'if a successor is a peer, then canvasbacks have (part) cell membranes' is true.", "Provided that cats are by nature solitary and very defensive of their space, we know that the notion that 'if a successor is a peer, then canvasbacks have (part) cell membranes' is untrue."]
|
So long as cats are by nature solitary and very defensive of their space, 'if a successor is a peer, then canvasbacks have (part) cell membranes' is true. Provided that cats are by nature solitary and very defensive of their space, we know that the notion that 'if a successor is a peer, then canvasbacks have (part) cell membranes' is untrue.
|
The statement that 'cats are by nature solitary and very defensive of their space' is incorrect.
|
It is fair to say that cats are by nature solitary and very defensive of their space.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then (If [1], then [2].).
If [0], then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Cats are by nature solitary and very defensive of their space.', 1: 'A successor is a peer.', 2: 'Canvasbacks have (part) cell membranes.'}
| 1 |
52 |
['When mammalian reproduction is very different but also produces few young with high survival is true, it follows that the statement, trypsins are enzymes, does not hold.', 'mammalian reproduction is very different but also produces few young with high survival.']
|
When mammalian reproduction is very different but also produces few young with high survival is true, it follows that the statement, trypsins are enzymes, does not hold. mammalian reproduction is very different but also produces few young with high survival.
|
The statement, trypsins are enzymes, does not hold.
|
It is not true that trypsins have (part) chemical chain.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].).
[1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Trypsins are enzymes.', 1: 'Mammalian reproduction is very different but also produces few young with high survival.'}
| 1 |
440 |
['It is a fact that either wet objects are bright, so water or wet objects can be identified by their degree of brightness or either french rockets go up, which unfold a silk parachute to the air and drift slowly down or social reinforcement is one of the best types of positive reinforcement.', 'When wet objects are bright, so water or wet objects can be identified by their degree of brightness is true, it follows that if some studies say there is nothing to show that global warming is happening, then a schistosomiasis is infection.', 'One may reasonably assume that if either french rockets go up, which unfold a silk parachute to the air and drift slowly down or social reinforcement is one of the best types of positive reinforcement, then if some studies say there is nothing to show that global warming is happening, then a schistosomiasis is infection.']
|
It is a fact that either wet objects are bright, so water or wet objects can be identified by their degree of brightness or either french rockets go up, which unfold a silk parachute to the air and drift slowly down or social reinforcement is one of the best types of positive reinforcement. When wet objects are bright, so water or wet objects can be identified by their degree of brightness is true, it follows that if some studies say there is nothing to show that global warming is happening, then a schistosomiasis is infection. One may reasonably assume that if either french rockets go up, which unfold a silk parachute to the air and drift slowly down or social reinforcement is one of the best types of positive reinforcement, then if some studies say there is nothing to show that global warming is happening, then a schistosomiasis is infection.
|
Provided that some studies say there is nothing to show that global warming is happening, we know that a schistosomiasis is infection
|
Provided that some studies say there is nothing to show that global warming is happening, we know that a schistosomiasis is infection
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or (Either [3] or [4].).
If [2], then (If [0], then [1].).
If (Either [3] or [4].), then (If [0], then [1].).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Some studies say there is nothing to show that global warming is happening.', 1: 'A schistosomiasis is infection.', 2: 'Wet objects are bright, so water or wet objects can be identified by their degree of brightness.', 3: 'French rockets go up, which unfold a silk parachute to the air and drift slowly down.', 4: 'Social reinforcement is one of the best types of positive reinforcement.'}
| 1 |
124 |
['One may reasonably assume that if either amateurs have (part) cytoplasm or ability depends on quality, then the claim that either refractive index varies with position for inhomogeneous materials or size is measured at the highest point of the shoulder blades, just behind the base of the neck does not reflect reality.', 'We know that at least one of two things is true: amateurs have (part) cytoplasm, or ability depends on quality.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if either amateurs have (part) cytoplasm or ability depends on quality, then the claim that either refractive index varies with position for inhomogeneous materials or size is measured at the highest point of the shoulder blades, just behind the base of the neck does not reflect reality. We know that at least one of two things is true: amateurs have (part) cytoplasm, or ability depends on quality.
|
The claim that either refractive index varies with position for inhomogeneous materials or size is measured at the highest point of the shoulder blades, just behind the base of the neck does not reflect reality.
|
It is not true that refractive index is a numerical value indicating the light bending power of a medium such as glass.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [2] or [3].), then (Not (Either [0] or [1].).).
Either [2] or [3].
Therefore, Not (Either [0] or [1].)..
|
{0: 'Refractive index varies with position for inhomogeneous materials.', 1: 'Size is measured at the highest point of the shoulder blades, just behind the base of the neck.', 2: 'Amateurs have (part) cytoplasm.', 3: 'Ability depends on quality.'}
| 1 |
650 |
['At least one of two things is true: if calves are the offspring of two adult cows, then a brown rat is a rat, or the claim that most bivalves have a single pair of large gills used for respiration does not reflect reality.', 'The claim that if calves are the offspring of two adult cows, then a brown rat is a rat is false.']
|
At least one of two things is true: if calves are the offspring of two adult cows, then a brown rat is a rat, or the claim that most bivalves have a single pair of large gills used for respiration does not reflect reality. The claim that if calves are the offspring of two adult cows, then a brown rat is a rat is false.
|
The claim that most bivalves have a single pair of large gills used for respiration does not reflect reality.
|
The statement that 'most bivalves reproduce by discharging sperm and eggs into the water where fertilization occurs' is incorrect.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [1], then [2].) or (Not [0].).
Not (If [1], then [2].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Most bivalves have a single pair of large gills used for respiration.', 1: 'Calves are the offspring of two adult cows.', 2: 'A brown rat is a rat.'}
| 1 |
409 |
['There is good reason to believe that either most predators go after animals or consumer sentiment is critical given the dominant role of the consumer in the economy.', 'Should it be the case that most predators go after animals, it follows that taurine is an amino acid.', "Whenever it is true that consumer sentiment is critical given the dominant role of the consumer in the economy, 'taurine is an amino acid' is true."]
|
There is good reason to believe that either most predators go after animals or consumer sentiment is critical given the dominant role of the consumer in the economy. Should it be the case that most predators go after animals, it follows that taurine is an amino acid. Whenever it is true that consumer sentiment is critical given the dominant role of the consumer in the economy, 'taurine is an amino acid' is true.
|
The claim that taurine is an amino acid holds true.
|
Gametes are haploid egg or sperm that fuse to form a zygote.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Taurine is an amino acid.', 1: 'Most predators go after animals.', 2: 'Consumer sentiment is critical given the dominant role of the consumer in the economy.'}
| 1 |
752 |
['When the claim that socialism creates a centrally planned economy does not correspond with reality is true, it follows that snake toxins proteins.', "So long as the claim that socialism creates a centrally planned economy does not correspond with reality, 'the claim that snake toxins proteins has no merit' is true."]
|
When the claim that socialism creates a centrally planned economy does not correspond with reality is true, it follows that snake toxins proteins. So long as the claim that socialism creates a centrally planned economy does not correspond with reality, 'the claim that snake toxins proteins has no merit' is true.
|
The claim that socialism creates a centrally planned economy holds true.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that socialism creates a centrally planned economy.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Socialism creates a centrally planned economy.', 1: 'Snake toxins proteins.'}
| 1 |
952 |
["Once we know the notion that 'food includes wheat bread' is untrue, we also know that either most zooidal skeletons laminated in exozones, laminae parallel to growth surfaces or potassium carbonate is a salt.", "The notion that 'either most zooidal skeletons laminated in exozones, laminae parallel to growth surfaces or potassium carbonate is a salt' is untrue."]
|
Once we know the notion that 'food includes wheat bread' is untrue, we also know that either most zooidal skeletons laminated in exozones, laminae parallel to growth surfaces or potassium carbonate is a salt. The notion that 'either most zooidal skeletons laminated in exozones, laminae parallel to growth surfaces or potassium carbonate is a salt' is untrue.
|
The claim that food includes wheat bread is true.
|
Food provides the energy for life.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).
Not (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Food includes wheat bread.', 1: 'Most zooidal skeletons laminated in exozones, laminae parallel to growth surfaces.', 2: 'Potassium carbonate is a salt.'}
| 1 |
477 |
['Should it be the case that the claim that if most libertarians view government as a destroyer of liberty, then lockable doors help ensure physical security is false, it follows that most pineapples have flowers.', 'If the claim that if most libertarians view government as a destroyer of liberty, then lockable doors help ensure physical security is false, then it is not true that most pineapples have flowers.']
|
Should it be the case that the claim that if most libertarians view government as a destroyer of liberty, then lockable doors help ensure physical security is false, it follows that most pineapples have flowers. If the claim that if most libertarians view government as a destroyer of liberty, then lockable doors help ensure physical security is false, then it is not true that most pineapples have flowers.
|
Whenever it is true that most libertarians view government as a destroyer of liberty, 'lockable doors help ensure physical security' is true.
|
The statement that 'if most libertarians view government as a destroyer of liberty, then lockable doors help ensure physical security' is incorrect.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Most libertarians view government as a destroyer of liberty.', 1: 'Lockable doors help ensure physical security.', 2: 'Most pineapples have flowers.'}
| 1 |
118 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: large owls are excellent at sampling the local fauna, especially small birds and reptiles, or international trade begins with developing relationships.', 'Assuming large owls are excellent at sampling the local fauna, especially small birds and reptiles, we know that train tracks are used for trains.', 'If international trade begins with developing relationships, then train tracks are used for trains.']
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: large owls are excellent at sampling the local fauna, especially small birds and reptiles, or international trade begins with developing relationships. Assuming large owls are excellent at sampling the local fauna, especially small birds and reptiles, we know that train tracks are used for trains. If international trade begins with developing relationships, then train tracks are used for trains.
|
It is rational to agree that train tracks are used for trains.
|
The statement, train tracks are used for trains, does not hold.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Train tracks are used for trains.', 1: 'Large owls are excellent at sampling the local fauna, especially small birds and reptiles.', 2: 'International trade begins with developing relationships.'}
| 1 |
12 |
['At least one of two things is true: hard work is what leads to prosperity, or pantries have (part) sections.', 'One may reasonably assume that if hard work is what leads to prosperity, then airborne dioxin is carried by the wind to settle on food crops and grazing lands.', "Whenever it is true that pantries have (part) sections, 'singletons are sets' is true."]
|
At least one of two things is true: hard work is what leads to prosperity, or pantries have (part) sections. One may reasonably assume that if hard work is what leads to prosperity, then airborne dioxin is carried by the wind to settle on food crops and grazing lands. Whenever it is true that pantries have (part) sections, 'singletons are sets' is true.
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: airborne dioxin is carried by the wind to settle on food crops and grazing lands, or singletons are sets.
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: airborne dioxin is carried by the wind to settle on food crops and grazing lands, or singletons are sets.
|
TRUE
|
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then [0].
If [3], then [1].
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
|
{0: 'Airborne dioxin is carried by the wind to settle on food crops and grazing lands.', 1: 'Singletons are sets.', 2: 'Hard work is what leads to prosperity.', 3: 'Pantries have (part) sections.'}
| 1 |
157 |
['If most squirrels have lifespans, then pain can be so overwhelming in one part of the body that the rest of the body gets neglected.', 'It is a common misconception that pain can be so overwhelming in one part of the body that the rest of the body gets neglected.']
|
If most squirrels have lifespans, then pain can be so overwhelming in one part of the body that the rest of the body gets neglected. It is a common misconception that pain can be so overwhelming in one part of the body that the rest of the body gets neglected.
|
The statement that 'most squirrels have lifespans' is incorrect.
|
The claim that squirrels have territory has no merit.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Most squirrels have lifespans.', 1: 'Pain can be so overwhelming in one part of the body that the rest of the body gets neglected.'}
| 1 |
337 |
["Assuming the notion that 'abusive men use control and manipulation as their weapons' is untrue, we know that authors discuss artifacts.", 'Those that suggest authors discuss artifacts are wrong.']
|
Assuming the notion that 'abusive men use control and manipulation as their weapons' is untrue, we know that authors discuss artifacts. Those that suggest authors discuss artifacts are wrong.
|
The idea that abusive men use control and manipulation as their weapons is true.
|
The statement 'abusive men use control and manipulation as their weapons' can be considered false.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Abusive men use control and manipulation as their weapons.', 1: 'Authors discuss artifacts.'}
| 1 |
127 |
["Whenever it is true that if doctors immunize school children, examine eyes and teeth and perform surgery, then man is a god to the lower creation, 'barrages are fire' is true.", 'The statement, barrages are fire, does not hold.']
|
Whenever it is true that if doctors immunize school children, examine eyes and teeth and perform surgery, then man is a god to the lower creation, 'barrages are fire' is true. The statement, barrages are fire, does not hold.
|
It is a common misconception that if doctors immunize school children, examine eyes and teeth and perform surgery, then man is a god to the lower creation.
|
When doctors immunize school children, examine eyes and teeth and perform surgery is true, it follows that man is a god to the lower creation.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (If [0], then [1].), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
|
{0: 'Doctors immunize school children, examine eyes and teeth and perform surgery.', 1: 'Man is a god to the lower creation.', 2: 'Barrages are fire.'}
| 1 |
46 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: all fish contain cholesterol and saturated fat, or if fire consists of two powers - the power to burn, and the power to illuminate, then reptiles are cold-blooded, and birds are warmblooded.', "So long as all fish contain cholesterol and saturated fat, 'most smokers start young' is true.", 'Should it be the case that if fire consists of two powers - the power to burn, and the power to illuminate, then reptiles are cold-blooded, and birds are warmblooded, it follows that most mature sporophytes produce spores.']
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: all fish contain cholesterol and saturated fat, or if fire consists of two powers - the power to burn, and the power to illuminate, then reptiles are cold-blooded, and birds are warmblooded. So long as all fish contain cholesterol and saturated fat, 'most smokers start young' is true. Should it be the case that if fire consists of two powers - the power to burn, and the power to illuminate, then reptiles are cold-blooded, and birds are warmblooded, it follows that most mature sporophytes produce spores.
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: most smokers start young, or most mature sporophytes produce spores.
|
Those that suggest either most smokers start young or most mature sporophytes produce spores are wrong.
|
FALSE
|
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [2] or (If [3], then [4].).
If [2], then [0].
If (If [3], then [4].), then [1].
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
|
{0: 'Most smokers start young.', 1: 'Most mature sporophytes produce spores.', 2: 'All fish contain cholesterol and saturated fat.', 3: 'Fire consists of two powers - the power to burn, and the power to illuminate.', 4: 'Reptiles are cold-blooded, and birds are warmblooded.'}
| 1 |
235 |
["Given that the statement that 'hermit crabs are common on the beach' is incorrect, it can be inferred that lakes provide prefer habitats.", 'The statement that states lakes provide prefer habitats is false.']
|
Given that the statement that 'hermit crabs are common on the beach' is incorrect, it can be inferred that lakes provide prefer habitats. The statement that states lakes provide prefer habitats is false.
|
We can assume that hermit crabs are common on the beach.
|
We can assume that hermit crabs are common on the beach.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Hermit crabs are common on the beach.', 1: 'Lakes provide prefer habitats.'}
| 1 |
538 |
['Once we know spermatogenesises are gametogenesis, we also know that fats are less efficient than glucose.', 'Many people rightly believe that spermatogenesises are gametogenesis.']
|
Once we know spermatogenesises are gametogenesis, we also know that fats are less efficient than glucose. Many people rightly believe that spermatogenesises are gametogenesis.
|
The statement that states fats are less efficient than glucose is right.
|
The statement that states fats are less efficient than glucose is right.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Fats are less efficient than glucose.', 1: 'Spermatogenesises are gametogenesis.'}
| 1 |
241 |
["So long as tables are near land surfaces, 'ostioles are separately erumpent and indistinctly sulcate' is true.", 'We can assume that tables are near land surfaces.']
|
So long as tables are near land surfaces, 'ostioles are separately erumpent and indistinctly sulcate' is true. We can assume that tables are near land surfaces.
|
The claim that ostioles are separately erumpent and indistinctly sulcate is true.
|
An ostiole is a pore.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Ostioles are separately erumpent and indistinctly sulcate.', 1: 'Tables are near land surfaces.'}
| 1 |
590 |
["At least one of two things is true: calcium compounds are also important in chemistry, or the statement 'carbon dioxide is available to produce new biomass and that's why it is a renewable resource' can be considered false.", 'The claim that calcium compounds are also important in chemistry does not reflect reality.']
|
At least one of two things is true: calcium compounds are also important in chemistry, or the statement 'carbon dioxide is available to produce new biomass and that's why it is a renewable resource' can be considered false. The claim that calcium compounds are also important in chemistry does not reflect reality.
|
The statement 'carbon dioxide is available to produce new biomass and that's why it is a renewable resource' can be considered false.
|
The statement 'carbon dioxide is available to produce new biomass and that's why it is a renewable resource' can be considered false.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].).
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: "Carbon dioxide is available to produce new biomass and that's why it is a renewable resource.", 1: 'Calcium compounds are also important in chemistry.'}
| 1 |
358 |
["So long as labels help gardening enthusiasts identify unusual varieties of trees, shrubs, and plants, 'some bats produce echolocation sound' is true.", 'On the condition that labels help gardening enthusiasts identify unusual varieties of trees, shrubs, and plants, it is definitely the case that some people mistakenly believe that some bats produce echolocation sound.']
|
So long as labels help gardening enthusiasts identify unusual varieties of trees, shrubs, and plants, 'some bats produce echolocation sound' is true. On the condition that labels help gardening enthusiasts identify unusual varieties of trees, shrubs, and plants, it is definitely the case that some people mistakenly believe that some bats produce echolocation sound.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that labels help gardening enthusiasts identify unusual varieties of trees, shrubs, and plants.
|
It is the case that labels help gardening enthusiasts identify unusual varieties of trees, shrubs, and plants.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1].
If [0], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Labels help gardening enthusiasts identify unusual varieties of trees, shrubs, and plants.', 1: 'Some bats produce echolocation sound.'}
| 1 |
959 |
['There is good reason to believe that either either mania is a collection of behaviors, like depression is a collection or german cockroaches can multiply very quickly and become a nuisance in large numbers or every computer program is a model, hatched in the mind, of a real or mental process.', 'On the condition that either mania is a collection of behaviors, like depression is a collection or german cockroaches can multiply very quickly and become a nuisance in large numbers, it is definitely the case that either ants carry materials or some mountain goats use snow.', 'On the condition that every computer program is a model, hatched in the mind, of a real or mental process, it is definitely the case that either ants carry materials or some mountain goats use snow.']
|
There is good reason to believe that either either mania is a collection of behaviors, like depression is a collection or german cockroaches can multiply very quickly and become a nuisance in large numbers or every computer program is a model, hatched in the mind, of a real or mental process. On the condition that either mania is a collection of behaviors, like depression is a collection or german cockroaches can multiply very quickly and become a nuisance in large numbers, it is definitely the case that either ants carry materials or some mountain goats use snow. On the condition that every computer program is a model, hatched in the mind, of a real or mental process, it is definitely the case that either ants carry materials or some mountain goats use snow.
|
It is a fact that either ants carry materials or some mountain goats use snow.
|
At least one of two things is true: most ants pick up pieces, or mountain goats inhabit the nearby cliffs, and black bears are relatively common.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [2] or [3].) or [4].
If (Either [2] or [3].), then (Either [0] or [1].).
If [4], then (Either [0] or [1].).
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
|
{0: 'Ants carry materials.', 1: 'Some mountain goats use snow.', 2: 'Mania is a collection of behaviors, like depression is a collection.', 3: 'German cockroaches can multiply very quickly and become a nuisance in large numbers.', 4: 'Every computer program is a model, hatched in the mind, of a real or mental process.'}
| 1 |
848 |
['It is rational to believe that either eyes Eyes are moderately large, walnut shaped, oval on top and round on bottom or plants adapt to life.', "The notion that 'eyes Eyes are moderately large, walnut shaped, oval on top and round on bottom' is untrue."]
|
It is rational to believe that either eyes Eyes are moderately large, walnut shaped, oval on top and round on bottom or plants adapt to life. The notion that 'eyes Eyes are moderately large, walnut shaped, oval on top and round on bottom' is untrue.
|
It is true that plants adapt to life.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that plants adapt to life.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Plants adapt to life.', 1: 'Eyes Eyes are moderately large, walnut shaped, oval on top and round on bottom.'}
| 1 |
792 |
['Either if peacocks have (part) thoraxes, then tiled architectures are one way to reduce memory bandwidth usage or either intestinal bacteria produces biotin or celebration isa event.', 'Should it be the case that if peacocks have (part) thoraxes, then tiled architectures are one way to reduce memory bandwidth usage, it follows that goldyke soils are on hills and pediments.', 'If either intestinal bacteria produces biotin or celebration isa event, then goldyke soils are on hills and pediments.']
|
Either if peacocks have (part) thoraxes, then tiled architectures are one way to reduce memory bandwidth usage or either intestinal bacteria produces biotin or celebration isa event. Should it be the case that if peacocks have (part) thoraxes, then tiled architectures are one way to reduce memory bandwidth usage, it follows that goldyke soils are on hills and pediments. If either intestinal bacteria produces biotin or celebration isa event, then goldyke soils are on hills and pediments.
|
The idea that goldyke soils are on hills and pediments is true.
|
Goldyke soils are shallow to bedrock.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [1], then [2].) or (Either [3] or [4].).
If (If [1], then [2].), then [0].
If (Either [3] or [4].), then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Goldyke soils are on hills and pediments.', 1: 'Peacocks have (part) thoraxes.', 2: 'Tiled architectures are one way to reduce memory bandwidth usage.', 3: 'Intestinal bacteria produces biotin.', 4: 'Celebration isa event.'}
| 1 |
325 |
['Once we know the claim that applets are typically small programs that display information or take action when clicked is false, we also know that some obsidians have bands.', 'The claim that some obsidians have bands has no merit.']
|
Once we know the claim that applets are typically small programs that display information or take action when clicked is false, we also know that some obsidians have bands. The claim that some obsidians have bands has no merit.
|
It is a simple truth that applets are typically small programs that display information or take action when clicked.
|
It is a simple truth that applets are typically small programs that display information or take action when clicked.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Applets are typically small programs that display information or take action when clicked.', 1: 'Some obsidians have bands.'}
| 1 |
899 |
['It is a fact that either shawls have (part) bands or monotremes are the oldest living group of mammals in the world.', 'The claim that shawls have (part) bands does not correspond with reality.']
|
It is a fact that either shawls have (part) bands or monotremes are the oldest living group of mammals in the world. The claim that shawls have (part) bands does not correspond with reality.
|
It is rational to agree that monotremes are the oldest living group of mammals in the world.
|
Monotremes are egg-laying mammals.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Monotremes are the oldest living group of mammals in the world.', 1: 'Shawls have (part) bands.'}
| 1 |
809 |
['Given that the claim that diatoms have an external skeleton made of silica that is divided in two pieces does not correspond with reality, it can be inferred that water sources can be either on the surface or below ground.', 'Once we know the claim that diatoms have an external skeleton made of silica that is divided in two pieces does not correspond with reality, we also know that it is a common misconception that water sources can be either on the surface or below ground.']
|
Given that the claim that diatoms have an external skeleton made of silica that is divided in two pieces does not correspond with reality, it can be inferred that water sources can be either on the surface or below ground. Once we know the claim that diatoms have an external skeleton made of silica that is divided in two pieces does not correspond with reality, we also know that it is a common misconception that water sources can be either on the surface or below ground.
|
diatoms have an external skeleton made of silica that is divided in two pieces.
|
Diatoms are typically much larger than coccolithophores and can be seen under low magnification.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Diatoms have an external skeleton made of silica that is divided in two pieces.', 1: 'Water sources can be either on the surface or below ground.'}
| 1 |
350 |
['We know that either aflatoxins are among the most powerful carcinogenic substances known or some trees die quickly but others linger.', 'It is not the case that aflatoxins are among the most powerful carcinogenic substances known.']
|
We know that either aflatoxins are among the most powerful carcinogenic substances known or some trees die quickly but others linger. It is not the case that aflatoxins are among the most powerful carcinogenic substances known.
|
The statement 'some trees die quickly but others linger' can be considered true.
|
Trees produce deep taproots.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Some trees die quickly but others linger.', 1: 'Aflatoxins are among the most powerful carcinogenic substances known.'}
| 1 |
363 |
["Whenever it is true that haploid myceliums meet haploid myceliums, 'anger increases adrenalin levels, activates stress and boosts blood pressure' is true.", "Whenever it is true that haploid myceliums meet haploid myceliums, 'the claim that anger increases adrenalin levels, activates stress and boosts blood pressure does not reflect reality' is true."]
|
Whenever it is true that haploid myceliums meet haploid myceliums, 'anger increases adrenalin levels, activates stress and boosts blood pressure' is true. Whenever it is true that haploid myceliums meet haploid myceliums, 'the claim that anger increases adrenalin levels, activates stress and boosts blood pressure does not reflect reality' is true.
|
The claim that haploid myceliums meet haploid myceliums has no merit.
|
It is true that haploid myceliums meet haploid myceliums.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1].
If [0], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Haploid myceliums meet haploid myceliums.', 1: 'Anger increases adrenalin levels, activates stress and boosts blood pressure.'}
| 1 |
17 |
["Assuming the statement that 'if salicylic acid induces changes in the physical properties of model and native kidney membranes, then mathematicians have (part) personality' is incorrect, we know that severe respiratory infection causes symptoms.", "Assuming the statement that 'if salicylic acid induces changes in the physical properties of model and native kidney membranes, then mathematicians have (part) personality' is incorrect, we know that the statement 'severe respiratory infection causes symptoms' can be considered false."]
|
Assuming the statement that 'if salicylic acid induces changes in the physical properties of model and native kidney membranes, then mathematicians have (part) personality' is incorrect, we know that severe respiratory infection causes symptoms. Assuming the statement that 'if salicylic acid induces changes in the physical properties of model and native kidney membranes, then mathematicians have (part) personality' is incorrect, we know that the statement 'severe respiratory infection causes symptoms' can be considered false.
|
Given that salicylic acid induces changes in the physical properties of model and native kidney membranes, it can be inferred that mathematicians have (part) personality.
|
The claim that if salicylic acid induces changes in the physical properties of model and native kidney membranes, then mathematicians have (part) personality has no merit.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Salicylic acid induces changes in the physical properties of model and native kidney membranes.', 1: 'Mathematicians have (part) personality.', 2: 'Severe respiratory infection causes symptoms.'}
| 1 |
186 |
['When unauthorized duplication is a violation of web publishing laws is true, it follows that japan extends in an elongated shape from north to south and has complicated geographical features.', 'The claim that unauthorized duplication is a violation of web publishing laws holds true.']
|
When unauthorized duplication is a violation of web publishing laws is true, it follows that japan extends in an elongated shape from north to south and has complicated geographical features. The claim that unauthorized duplication is a violation of web publishing laws holds true.
|
We can assume that japan extends in an elongated shape from north to south and has complicated geographical features.
|
Japan has one of the largest economies in the world.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Japan extends in an elongated shape from north to south and has complicated geographical features.', 1: 'Unauthorized duplication is a violation of web publishing laws.'}
| 1 |
402 |
['If palladium is is durable, resists oxidation, is engravable, and lasts a lifetime, then exercise also improves the functioning of the liver, pancreas and other vital organs.', 'It is not the case that exercise also improves the functioning of the liver, pancreas and other vital organs.']
|
If palladium is is durable, resists oxidation, is engravable, and lasts a lifetime, then exercise also improves the functioning of the liver, pancreas and other vital organs. It is not the case that exercise also improves the functioning of the liver, pancreas and other vital organs.
|
The statement, palladium is is durable, resists oxidation, is engravable, and lasts a lifetime, does not hold.
|
The claim that palladium can occurs as a natural alloy with other platinum-group metals has no merit.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Palladium is is durable, resists oxidation, is engravable, and lasts a lifetime.', 1: 'Exercise also improves the functioning of the liver, pancreas and other vital organs.'}
| 1 |
338 |
['Given that an inset is a picture, it can be inferred that powders have only a short time after melting to coalesce and flow before cross-linking starts.', 'The claim that powders have only a short time after melting to coalesce and flow before cross-linking starts does not reflect reality.']
|
Given that an inset is a picture, it can be inferred that powders have only a short time after melting to coalesce and flow before cross-linking starts. The claim that powders have only a short time after melting to coalesce and flow before cross-linking starts does not reflect reality.
|
It is not true that an inset is a picture.
|
It is a simple truth that an inset is a picture.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'An inset is a picture.', 1: 'Powders have only a short time after melting to coalesce and flow before cross-linking starts.'}
| 1 |
206 |
['It is rational to believe that either slugs seem to like their tender foliage or cats are located in roofs.', 'It is a common misconception that slugs seem to like their tender foliage.']
|
It is rational to believe that either slugs seem to like their tender foliage or cats are located in roofs. It is a common misconception that slugs seem to like their tender foliage.
|
The idea that cats are located in roofs is true.
|
The claim that cats are located in roofs has no merit.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Cats are located in roofs.', 1: 'Slugs seem to like their tender foliage.'}
| 1 |
963 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: some science includes evolution, or if most american bullfrogs require oxygen, then funeral customs are as old as civilization itself.', "The statement 'some science includes evolution' can be considered false."]
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: some science includes evolution, or if most american bullfrogs require oxygen, then funeral customs are as old as civilization itself. The statement 'some science includes evolution' can be considered false.
|
If most american bullfrogs require oxygen, then funeral customs are as old as civilization itself.
|
The claim that if most american bullfrogs require oxygen, then funeral customs are as old as civilization itself has no merit.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].).
Not [2].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Most american bullfrogs require oxygen.', 1: 'Funeral customs are as old as civilization itself.', 2: 'Some science includes evolution.'}
| 1 |
345 |
['Either privacy is synonymous with confidentiality and secrecy or those that suggest lasers are also reliable and very accurate tools for determining distances to satellites in orbit are wrong.', 'Those that suggest privacy is synonymous with confidentiality and secrecy are wrong.']
|
Either privacy is synonymous with confidentiality and secrecy or those that suggest lasers are also reliable and very accurate tools for determining distances to satellites in orbit are wrong. Those that suggest privacy is synonymous with confidentiality and secrecy are wrong.
|
Those that suggest lasers are also reliable and very accurate tools for determining distances to satellites in orbit are wrong.
|
It is reasonable to believe that lasers are also reliable and very accurate tools for determining distances to satellites in orbit.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].).
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Lasers are also reliable and very accurate tools for determining distances to satellites in orbit.', 1: 'Privacy is synonymous with confidentiality and secrecy.'}
| 1 |
313 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: people do die of fear, or arbitrators are adjudicators.', 'When people do die of fear is true, it follows that it is not the case that preservation is an investment that prolongs the life of the transportation system.', 'One may reasonably assume that if arbitrators are adjudicators, then it is not the case that preservation is an investment that prolongs the life of the transportation system.']
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: people do die of fear, or arbitrators are adjudicators. When people do die of fear is true, it follows that it is not the case that preservation is an investment that prolongs the life of the transportation system. One may reasonably assume that if arbitrators are adjudicators, then it is not the case that preservation is an investment that prolongs the life of the transportation system.
|
It is not the case that preservation is an investment that prolongs the life of the transportation system.
|
The statement 'preservation is an investment that prolongs the life of the transportation system' is true.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then (Not [0].).
If [2], then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Preservation is an investment that prolongs the life of the transportation system.', 1: 'People do die of fear.', 2: 'Arbitrators are adjudicators.'}
| 1 |
242 |
['Assuming the claim that vole isa rodent is false, we know that either exhortation is communication or horses are considered a prey species in the animal kingdom.', 'When the claim that vole isa rodent is false is true, it follows that those that suggest either exhortation is communication or horses are considered a prey species in the animal kingdom are wrong.']
|
Assuming the claim that vole isa rodent is false, we know that either exhortation is communication or horses are considered a prey species in the animal kingdom. When the claim that vole isa rodent is false is true, it follows that those that suggest either exhortation is communication or horses are considered a prey species in the animal kingdom are wrong.
|
The claim that vole isa rodent is true.
|
The statement 'vole isa rodent' can be considered false.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).
If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Vole isa rodent.', 1: 'Exhortation is communication.', 2: 'Horses are considered a prey species in the animal kingdom.'}
| 1 |
913 |
["So long as time is one commodity that can never be replaced, 'most echinoderms live in oceans' is true.", 'We know that the claim that most echinoderms live in oceans is false.']
|
So long as time is one commodity that can never be replaced, 'most echinoderms live in oceans' is true. We know that the claim that most echinoderms live in oceans is false.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that time is one commodity that can never be replaced.
|
Those that suggest time is very specifically and interval between the observation of two events are wrong.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Time is one commodity that can never be replaced.', 1: 'Most echinoderms live in oceans.'}
| 1 |
170 |
['When we know that the claim that many goats possess a beard is false is true, it follows that most ponds attract mammals.', "When we know that the claim that many goats possess a beard is false is true, it follows that the notion that 'most ponds attract mammals' is untrue."]
|
When we know that the claim that many goats possess a beard is false is true, it follows that most ponds attract mammals. When we know that the claim that many goats possess a beard is false is true, it follows that the notion that 'most ponds attract mammals' is untrue.
|
It is reasonable to believe that many goats possess a beard.
|
Some goats make prey.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Many goats possess a beard.', 1: 'Most ponds attract mammals.'}
| 1 |
187 |
["Should it be the case that the statement 'train athletes gain mass' can be considered false, it follows that either denial is a major part of the alcoholism disease or wildflowers are abundant during spring and summer, and autumn colors are vibrant.", 'The claim that either denial is a major part of the alcoholism disease or wildflowers are abundant during spring and summer, and autumn colors are vibrant does not correspond with reality.']
|
Should it be the case that the statement 'train athletes gain mass' can be considered false, it follows that either denial is a major part of the alcoholism disease or wildflowers are abundant during spring and summer, and autumn colors are vibrant. The claim that either denial is a major part of the alcoholism disease or wildflowers are abundant during spring and summer, and autumn colors are vibrant does not correspond with reality.
|
Those that suggest train athletes gain mass are right.
|
Train athletes gain muscle mass.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).
Not (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Train athletes gain mass.', 1: 'Denial is a major part of the alcoholism disease.', 2: 'Wildflowers are abundant during spring and summer, and autumn colors are vibrant.'}
| 1 |
934 |
["So long as spirit is used for healing, 'persistence hunting is believed to have been one of the earliest hunting strategies used by humans' is true.", 'It is not the case that persistence hunting is believed to have been one of the earliest hunting strategies used by humans.']
|
So long as spirit is used for healing, 'persistence hunting is believed to have been one of the earliest hunting strategies used by humans' is true. It is not the case that persistence hunting is believed to have been one of the earliest hunting strategies used by humans.
|
The claim that spirit is used for healing is false.
|
The claim that spirit is used for healing is false.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Spirit is used for healing.', 1: 'Persistence hunting is believed to have been one of the earliest hunting strategies used by humans.'}
| 1 |
133 |
['When it is not the case that hyphenation is punctuation is true, it follows that confederation is one of the largest providers of adult and children swim programs.', 'The statement, confederation is one of the largest providers of adult and children swim programs, does not hold.']
|
When it is not the case that hyphenation is punctuation is true, it follows that confederation is one of the largest providers of adult and children swim programs. The statement, confederation is one of the largest providers of adult and children swim programs, does not hold.
|
It is reasonable to believe that hyphenation is punctuation.
|
We know that the claim that hyphenation is punctuation is false.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Hyphenation is punctuation.', 1: 'Confederation is one of the largest providers of adult and children swim programs.'}
| 1 |
301 |
['Assuming the claim that either paraguayan has (part) legs or water helps transport, dissolve, and replenish nutrients and organic compounds in living organisms is false, we know that centipedes vary in color from light yellow to dark brown and reddish brown.', 'The claim that centipedes vary in color from light yellow to dark brown and reddish brown is false.']
|
Assuming the claim that either paraguayan has (part) legs or water helps transport, dissolve, and replenish nutrients and organic compounds in living organisms is false, we know that centipedes vary in color from light yellow to dark brown and reddish brown. The claim that centipedes vary in color from light yellow to dark brown and reddish brown is false.
|
At least one of two things is true: paraguayan has (part) legs, or water helps transport, dissolve, and replenish nutrients and organic compounds in living organisms.
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: paraguayan has (part) plasma membranes, or water is, literally, the source of life on earth.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
|
{0: 'Paraguayan has (part) legs.', 1: 'Water helps transport, dissolve, and replenish nutrients and organic compounds in living organisms.', 2: 'Centipedes vary in color from light yellow to dark brown and reddish brown.'}
| 1 |
731 |
['Given that the claim that eggs are found in egg sacs does not reflect reality, it can be inferred that most amoebas have shapes.', 'Given that the claim that eggs are found in egg sacs does not reflect reality, it can be inferred that it is not the case that most amoebas have shapes.']
|
Given that the claim that eggs are found in egg sacs does not reflect reality, it can be inferred that most amoebas have shapes. Given that the claim that eggs are found in egg sacs does not reflect reality, it can be inferred that it is not the case that most amoebas have shapes.
|
It is a simple truth that eggs are found in egg sacs.
|
It is a simple truth that eggs are found in egg sacs.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Eggs are found in egg sacs.', 1: 'Most amoebas have shapes.'}
| 1 |
670 |
['Given that the claim that some protozoans cause serious health problems is false, it can be inferred that isometric contraction is tension.', 'It is not the case that isometric contraction is tension.']
|
Given that the claim that some protozoans cause serious health problems is false, it can be inferred that isometric contraction is tension. It is not the case that isometric contraction is tension.
|
Those that suggest some protozoans cause serious health problems are right.
|
Those that suggest some protozoans cause serious health problems are right.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Some protozoans cause serious health problems.', 1: 'Isometric contraction is tension.'}
| 1 |
318 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: strawberries are naturally fat, sodium, and cholesterol-free, or brake pads come in a variety of compounds.', 'If strawberries are naturally fat, sodium, and cholesterol-free, then carbon dioxide is also effective, displacing the oxygen necessary to sustain fire.', 'Once we know brake pads come in a variety of compounds, we also know that carbon dioxide is also effective, displacing the oxygen necessary to sustain fire.']
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: strawberries are naturally fat, sodium, and cholesterol-free, or brake pads come in a variety of compounds. If strawberries are naturally fat, sodium, and cholesterol-free, then carbon dioxide is also effective, displacing the oxygen necessary to sustain fire. Once we know brake pads come in a variety of compounds, we also know that carbon dioxide is also effective, displacing the oxygen necessary to sustain fire.
|
It is reasonable to believe that carbon dioxide is also effective, displacing the oxygen necessary to sustain fire.
|
It is reasonable to believe that carbon dioxide is also effective, displacing the oxygen necessary to sustain fire.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Carbon dioxide is also effective, displacing the oxygen necessary to sustain fire.', 1: 'Strawberries are naturally fat, sodium, and cholesterol-free.', 2: 'Brake pads come in a variety of compounds.'}
| 1 |
78 |
["Once we know the statement that 'respiratory therapists evaluate, treat, and care for patients with breathing disorders' is incorrect, we also know that either ski lift is transport or mast cells produce a chemotactic factor for eosinophils.", "When the statement that 'respiratory therapists evaluate, treat, and care for patients with breathing disorders' is incorrect is true, it follows that the statement that 'either ski lift is transport or mast cells produce a chemotactic factor for eosinophils' is incorrect."]
|
Once we know the statement that 'respiratory therapists evaluate, treat, and care for patients with breathing disorders' is incorrect, we also know that either ski lift is transport or mast cells produce a chemotactic factor for eosinophils. When the statement that 'respiratory therapists evaluate, treat, and care for patients with breathing disorders' is incorrect is true, it follows that the statement that 'either ski lift is transport or mast cells produce a chemotactic factor for eosinophils' is incorrect.
|
respiratory therapists evaluate, treat, and care for patients with breathing disorders.
|
Most respiratory therapists work in hospitals.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).
If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Respiratory therapists evaluate, treat, and care for patients with breathing disorders.', 1: 'Ski lift is transport.', 2: 'Mast cells produce a chemotactic factor for eosinophils.'}
| 1 |
521 |
['Assuming some people mistakenly believe that rationalism is the reliance on pure reason or logic, we know that sea snakes are one of the most venomous snakes on the planet.', 'Those that suggest sea snakes are one of the most venomous snakes on the planet are wrong.']
|
Assuming some people mistakenly believe that rationalism is the reliance on pure reason or logic, we know that sea snakes are one of the most venomous snakes on the planet. Those that suggest sea snakes are one of the most venomous snakes on the planet are wrong.
|
It is a simple truth that rationalism is the reliance on pure reason or logic.
|
It is a simple truth that rationalism is the reliance on pure reason or logic.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Rationalism is the reliance on pure reason or logic.', 1: 'Sea snakes are one of the most venomous snakes on the planet.'}
| 1 |
346 |
["If canes have the potential of producing several sprays from the upper leaf axils, then the notion that 'either children are more apt to sleep during the night hours or underformer jobs are jobs such as washing tables and sweeping floors after meals or dorm jobs' is untrue.", 'The claim that canes have the potential of producing several sprays from the upper leaf axils holds true.']
|
If canes have the potential of producing several sprays from the upper leaf axils, then the notion that 'either children are more apt to sleep during the night hours or underformer jobs are jobs such as washing tables and sweeping floors after meals or dorm jobs' is untrue. The claim that canes have the potential of producing several sprays from the upper leaf axils holds true.
|
The notion that 'either children are more apt to sleep during the night hours or underformer jobs are jobs such as washing tables and sweeping floors after meals or dorm jobs' is untrue.
|
It is not true that children live in houses.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Not (Either [0] or [1].).).
[2]
Therefore, Not (Either [0] or [1].)..
|
{0: 'Children are more apt to sleep during the night hours.', 1: 'Underformer jobs are jobs such as washing tables and sweeping floors after meals or dorm jobs.', 2: 'Canes have the potential of producing several sprays from the upper leaf axils.'}
| 1 |
198 |
['Should it be the case that some torque is generated by external magnetic fields, it follows that if aspiration can cause damage to the lungs and pneumonia, then badgers are determined fighters when they are threatened.', "If some torque is generated by external magnetic fields, then the statement 'if aspiration can cause damage to the lungs and pneumonia, then badgers are determined fighters when they are threatened' can be considered false."]
|
Should it be the case that some torque is generated by external magnetic fields, it follows that if aspiration can cause damage to the lungs and pneumonia, then badgers are determined fighters when they are threatened. If some torque is generated by external magnetic fields, then the statement 'if aspiration can cause damage to the lungs and pneumonia, then badgers are determined fighters when they are threatened' can be considered false.
|
The statement that 'some torque is generated by external magnetic fields' is incorrect.
|
It is rational to agree that some torque is generated by external magnetic fields.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then (If [1], then [2].).
If [0], then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Some torque is generated by external magnetic fields.', 1: 'Aspiration can cause damage to the lungs and pneumonia.', 2: 'Badgers are determined fighters when they are threatened.'}
| 1 |
865 |
['One may reasonably assume that if the claim that animals use resources is false, then an intrauterine device is a contraceptive.', "The notion that 'an intrauterine device is a contraceptive' is untrue."]
|
One may reasonably assume that if the claim that animals use resources is false, then an intrauterine device is a contraceptive. The notion that 'an intrauterine device is a contraceptive' is untrue.
|
We can assume that animals use resources.
|
We can assume that animals use resources.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Animals use resources.', 1: 'An intrauterine device is a contraceptive.'}
| 1 |
548 |
["Whenever it is true that the statement that states assistants explain complex issues is false, 'either private investors can invest in telephones and in electricity or some deciduous shrubs produce bright flowers' is true.", 'Assuming the statement that states assistants explain complex issues is false, we know that those that suggest either private investors can invest in telephones and in electricity or some deciduous shrubs produce bright flowers are wrong.']
|
Whenever it is true that the statement that states assistants explain complex issues is false, 'either private investors can invest in telephones and in electricity or some deciduous shrubs produce bright flowers' is true. Assuming the statement that states assistants explain complex issues is false, we know that those that suggest either private investors can invest in telephones and in electricity or some deciduous shrubs produce bright flowers are wrong.
|
Many people rightly believe that assistants explain complex issues.
|
Assistants have (part) vacuoles.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).
If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Assistants explain complex issues.', 1: 'Private investors can invest in telephones and in electricity.', 2: 'Some deciduous shrubs produce bright flowers.'}
| 1 |
915 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: many allergic consumers are convinced that they react to oils, especially peanut oil, or direct proportions lead to the study of lines or linearity.', "The notion that 'many allergic consumers are convinced that they react to oils, especially peanut oil' is untrue."]
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: many allergic consumers are convinced that they react to oils, especially peanut oil, or direct proportions lead to the study of lines or linearity. The notion that 'many allergic consumers are convinced that they react to oils, especially peanut oil' is untrue.
|
The statement that states direct proportions lead to the study of lines or linearity is right.
|
The statement that states direct proportions lead to the study of lines or linearity is right.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Direct proportions lead to the study of lines or linearity.', 1: 'Many allergic consumers are convinced that they react to oils, especially peanut oil.'}
| 1 |
588 |
['Assuming it is not true that a margay is a wildcat, we know that selective attention determines what information moves from sensory memory to short-term memory .', 'On the condition that it is not true that a margay is a wildcat, it is definitely the case that the claim that selective attention determines what information moves from sensory memory to short-term memory does not correspond with reality.']
|
Assuming it is not true that a margay is a wildcat, we know that selective attention determines what information moves from sensory memory to short-term memory . On the condition that it is not true that a margay is a wildcat, it is definitely the case that the claim that selective attention determines what information moves from sensory memory to short-term memory does not correspond with reality.
|
a margay is a wildcat.
|
The notion that 'a margay is a wildcat' is untrue.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'A margay is a wildcat.', 1: 'Selective attention determines what information moves from sensory memory to short-term memory .'}
| 1 |
447 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: seiches are oscillations in the water level occurring in lakes and along sea coasts, or direct loans are loans.', 'The statement that states seiches are oscillations in the water level occurring in lakes and along sea coasts is false.']
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: seiches are oscillations in the water level occurring in lakes and along sea coasts, or direct loans are loans. The statement that states seiches are oscillations in the water level occurring in lakes and along sea coasts is false.
|
Those that suggest direct loans are loans are right.
|
A direct loan is a loan.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Direct loans are loans.', 1: 'Seiches are oscillations in the water level occurring in lakes and along sea coasts.'}
| 1 |
21 |
['Should it be the case that excretion is done by nephridia and feeding by adhesive tentacles called captacula, it follows that wetlands also produce a great deal of aquatic invertebrates on which mallards feed.', 'We know that the claim that wetlands also produce a great deal of aquatic invertebrates on which mallards feed is false.']
|
Should it be the case that excretion is done by nephridia and feeding by adhesive tentacles called captacula, it follows that wetlands also produce a great deal of aquatic invertebrates on which mallards feed. We know that the claim that wetlands also produce a great deal of aquatic invertebrates on which mallards feed is false.
|
The claim that excretion is done by nephridia and feeding by adhesive tentacles called captacula does not correspond with reality.
|
It is the case that excretion is done by nephridia and feeding by adhesive tentacles called captacula.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Excretion is done by nephridia and feeding by adhesive tentacles called captacula.', 1: 'Wetlands also produce a great deal of aquatic invertebrates on which mallards feed.'}
| 1 |
724 |
['Given that some people mistakenly believe that many libraries have book collections in the tens of thousands of volumes, it can be inferred that decapods maintain functional integrity.', 'It is not true that decapods maintain functional integrity.']
|
Given that some people mistakenly believe that many libraries have book collections in the tens of thousands of volumes, it can be inferred that decapods maintain functional integrity. It is not true that decapods maintain functional integrity.
|
The statement 'many libraries have book collections in the tens of thousands of volumes' can be considered true.
|
The statement 'many libraries have book collections in the tens of thousands of volumes' can be considered true.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Many libraries have book collections in the tens of thousands of volumes.', 1: 'Decapods maintain functional integrity.'}
| 1 |
718 |
["So long as either a leafy spurge is a spurge or human intelligence is a way in which the universe reflects on itself, 'apparatus is used for serve' is true.", "The statement 'apparatus is used for serve' can be considered false."]
|
So long as either a leafy spurge is a spurge or human intelligence is a way in which the universe reflects on itself, 'apparatus is used for serve' is true. The statement 'apparatus is used for serve' can be considered false.
|
We know that the claim that either a leafy spurge is a spurge or human intelligence is a way in which the universe reflects on itself is false.
|
We know that the claim that either a leafy spurge is a spurge or human intelligence is a way in which the universe reflects on itself is false.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Either [0] or [1].), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, Not (Either [0] or [1].)..
|
{0: 'A leafy spurge is a spurge.', 1: 'Human intelligence is a way in which the universe reflects on itself.', 2: 'Apparatus is used for serve.'}
| 1 |
250 |
['One may reasonably assume that if those that suggest some fish use gravel for camoflage are wrong, then mechanical advantage is the ratio between the resistance and the effort applied to a lever.', 'It is not true that mechanical advantage is the ratio between the resistance and the effort applied to a lever.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if those that suggest some fish use gravel for camoflage are wrong, then mechanical advantage is the ratio between the resistance and the effort applied to a lever. It is not true that mechanical advantage is the ratio between the resistance and the effort applied to a lever.
|
The statement 'some fish use gravel for camoflage' can be considered true.
|
It is not true that some fish use gravel for camoflage.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Some fish use gravel for camoflage.', 1: 'Mechanical advantage is the ratio between the resistance and the effort applied to a lever.'}
| 1 |
243 |
['Either oncogenes promote excessive cell growth and tumor formation in the damaged form or jumping are activities.', 'Given that oncogenes promote excessive cell growth and tumor formation in the damaged form, it can be inferred that commercial arborists work for homeowners, power companies, and government agencies.', 'Assuming jumping are activities, we know that commercial arborists work for homeowners, power companies, and government agencies.']
|
Either oncogenes promote excessive cell growth and tumor formation in the damaged form or jumping are activities. Given that oncogenes promote excessive cell growth and tumor formation in the damaged form, it can be inferred that commercial arborists work for homeowners, power companies, and government agencies. Assuming jumping are activities, we know that commercial arborists work for homeowners, power companies, and government agencies.
|
It is fair to say that commercial arborists work for homeowners, power companies, and government agencies.
|
Asian pajamas replace nightshirts in Europe.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Commercial arborists work for homeowners, power companies, and government agencies.', 1: 'Oncogenes promote excessive cell growth and tumor formation in the damaged form.', 2: 'Jumping are activities.'}
| 1 |
571 |
['If some people mistakenly believe that calves remain with their mother until they are three years old, then gorillas raise babies.', 'Should it be the case that some people mistakenly believe that calves remain with their mother until they are three years old, it follows that those that suggest gorillas raise babies are wrong.']
|
If some people mistakenly believe that calves remain with their mother until they are three years old, then gorillas raise babies. Should it be the case that some people mistakenly believe that calves remain with their mother until they are three years old, it follows that those that suggest gorillas raise babies are wrong.
|
The statement 'calves remain with their mother until they are three years old' is true.
|
It is not true that calves remain with their mother until they are three years old.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Calves remain with their mother until they are three years old.', 1: 'Gorillas raise babies.'}
| 1 |
35 |
['Assuming we know that the claim that personal fitness trainers help goals is false, we know that either empowerment embodies vertical teamwork between managerial and non-managerial personnel or silver is the metal most often used for handmade jewellery.', "Given that we know that the claim that personal fitness trainers help goals is false, it can be inferred that the statement 'either empowerment embodies vertical teamwork between managerial and non-managerial personnel or silver is the metal most often used for handmade jewellery' can be considered false."]
|
Assuming we know that the claim that personal fitness trainers help goals is false, we know that either empowerment embodies vertical teamwork between managerial and non-managerial personnel or silver is the metal most often used for handmade jewellery. Given that we know that the claim that personal fitness trainers help goals is false, it can be inferred that the statement 'either empowerment embodies vertical teamwork between managerial and non-managerial personnel or silver is the metal most often used for handmade jewellery' can be considered false.
|
The claim that personal fitness trainers help goals holds true.
|
The claim that personal fitness trainers help goals is false.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).
If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Personal fitness trainers help goals.', 1: 'Empowerment embodies vertical teamwork between managerial and non-managerial personnel.', 2: 'Silver is the metal most often used for handmade jewellery.'}
| 1 |
81 |
['When the claim that county seats are part of counties is false is true, it follows that many vitamins require or contain sulfur.', 'Provided that the claim that county seats are part of counties is false, we know that the claim that many vitamins require or contain sulfur is false.']
|
When the claim that county seats are part of counties is false is true, it follows that many vitamins require or contain sulfur. Provided that the claim that county seats are part of counties is false, we know that the claim that many vitamins require or contain sulfur is false.
|
It is rational to agree that county seats are part of counties.
|
The claim that county seats are part of counties is false.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'County seats are part of counties.', 1: 'Many vitamins require or contain sulfur.'}
| 1 |
159 |
['If if auricles are dark purplish to brown, fringed with coarse, long, wavy oral setae, then antibiotics usually clear up impetigo in four or five days, then respiratory involvement is common in cats with both primary and secondary forms of the disease.', 'If auricles are dark purplish to brown, fringed with coarse, long, wavy oral setae, then antibiotics usually clear up impetigo in four or five days.']
|
If if auricles are dark purplish to brown, fringed with coarse, long, wavy oral setae, then antibiotics usually clear up impetigo in four or five days, then respiratory involvement is common in cats with both primary and secondary forms of the disease. If auricles are dark purplish to brown, fringed with coarse, long, wavy oral setae, then antibiotics usually clear up impetigo in four or five days.
|
The idea that respiratory involvement is common in cats with both primary and secondary forms of the disease is true.
|
Biodiversity also helps in the preservation of wild animals of all kinds.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If (If [1], then [2].), then [0].
If [1], then [2].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Respiratory involvement is common in cats with both primary and secondary forms of the disease.', 1: 'Auricles are dark purplish to brown, fringed with coarse, long, wavy oral setae.', 2: 'Antibiotics usually clear up impetigo in four or five days.'}
| 1 |
333 |
['At least one of two things is true: onions seem to fend off most pests and diseases, or either black humor uses devices often associated with tragedy and is sometimes equated with tragic farce or musical recall is also unique among other forms of learning.', 'One may reasonably assume that if onions seem to fend off most pests and diseases, then the claim that cohesion is a connection has no merit.', 'Once we know either black humor uses devices often associated with tragedy and is sometimes equated with tragic farce or musical recall is also unique among other forms of learning, we also know that the claim that cohesion is a connection has no merit.']
|
At least one of two things is true: onions seem to fend off most pests and diseases, or either black humor uses devices often associated with tragedy and is sometimes equated with tragic farce or musical recall is also unique among other forms of learning. One may reasonably assume that if onions seem to fend off most pests and diseases, then the claim that cohesion is a connection has no merit. Once we know either black humor uses devices often associated with tragedy and is sometimes equated with tragic farce or musical recall is also unique among other forms of learning, we also know that the claim that cohesion is a connection has no merit.
|
The claim that cohesion is a connection has no merit.
|
The claim that cohesion is a connection has no merit.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].).
If [1], then (Not [0].).
If (Either [2] or [3].), then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Cohesion is a connection.', 1: 'Onions seem to fend off most pests and diseases.', 2: 'Black humor uses devices often associated with tragedy and is sometimes equated with tragic farce.', 3: 'Musical recall is also unique among other forms of learning.'}
| 1 |
837 |
['We know that either articles show examples or if creeds express and promote unity of faith and practice, then eye color can guide in the selection of eye makeup as well as clothing.', 'Once we know articles show examples, we also know that raptors often defecate at a kill site.', 'Assuming if creeds express and promote unity of faith and practice, then eye color can guide in the selection of eye makeup as well as clothing, we know that raptors often defecate at a kill site.']
|
We know that either articles show examples or if creeds express and promote unity of faith and practice, then eye color can guide in the selection of eye makeup as well as clothing. Once we know articles show examples, we also know that raptors often defecate at a kill site. Assuming if creeds express and promote unity of faith and practice, then eye color can guide in the selection of eye makeup as well as clothing, we know that raptors often defecate at a kill site.
|
It is rational to agree that raptors often defecate at a kill site.
|
It is rational to agree that raptors often defecate at a kill site.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or (If [2], then [3].).
If [1], then [0].
If (If [2], then [3].), then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Raptors often defecate at a kill site.', 1: 'Articles show examples.', 2: 'Creeds express and promote unity of faith and practice.', 3: 'Eye color can guide in the selection of eye makeup as well as clothing.'}
| 1 |
474 |
['We know that either either territoriality is a vital aspect of identity and of self-determination for Indigenous peoples or many addicts feel that their joy in life is over when they quit drinking or using substances or the claim that various minerals dissolve in water does not reflect reality.', "The notion that 'either territoriality is a vital aspect of identity and of self-determination for Indigenous peoples or many addicts feel that their joy in life is over when they quit drinking or using substances' is untrue."]
|
We know that either either territoriality is a vital aspect of identity and of self-determination for Indigenous peoples or many addicts feel that their joy in life is over when they quit drinking or using substances or the claim that various minerals dissolve in water does not reflect reality. The notion that 'either territoriality is a vital aspect of identity and of self-determination for Indigenous peoples or many addicts feel that their joy in life is over when they quit drinking or using substances' is untrue.
|
The claim that various minerals dissolve in water does not reflect reality.
|
The claim that various minerals dissolve in water does not reflect reality.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or (Not [0].).
Not (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Various minerals dissolve in water.', 1: 'Territoriality is a vital aspect of identity and of self-determination for Indigenous peoples.', 2: 'Many addicts feel that their joy in life is over when they quit drinking or using substances.'}
| 1 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.