id
int64 0
7k
| premises
stringlengths 118
4.1k
| paragraph
stringlengths 111
4.06k
| conclusion
stringlengths 15
240
| question
stringlengths 14
249
| label
stringclasses 3
values | arg
stringlengths 54
2.02k
| statements
stringlengths 51
1.12k
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int64 1
7
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3,993 |
['On the condition that some people mistakenly believe that burrows also provide protection from predators, it is definitely the case that experiments involve predictions.', 'It is a fact that either most habitats consist of moist environments or free markets help create free minds.', 'On the condition that most habitats consist of moist environments, it is definitely the case that if some people mistakenly believe that burrows also provide protection from predators, then some people mistakenly believe that eternal recurrence is the only notion that expresses absolute control of the universe over itself.', 'One may reasonably assume that if free markets help create free minds, then if some people mistakenly believe that burrows also provide protection from predators, then some people mistakenly believe that eternal recurrence is the only notion that expresses absolute control of the universe over itself.', 'Given that experiments involve predictions, it can be inferred that pantries are closets.', 'Provided that pantries are closets, we know that eternal recurrence is the only notion that expresses absolute control of the universe over itself.']
|
On the condition that some people mistakenly believe that burrows also provide protection from predators, it is definitely the case that experiments involve predictions. It is a fact that either most habitats consist of moist environments or free markets help create free minds. On the condition that most habitats consist of moist environments, it is definitely the case that if some people mistakenly believe that burrows also provide protection from predators, then some people mistakenly believe that eternal recurrence is the only notion that expresses absolute control of the universe over itself. One may reasonably assume that if free markets help create free minds, then if some people mistakenly believe that burrows also provide protection from predators, then some people mistakenly believe that eternal recurrence is the only notion that expresses absolute control of the universe over itself. Given that experiments involve predictions, it can be inferred that pantries are closets. Provided that pantries are closets, we know that eternal recurrence is the only notion that expresses absolute control of the universe over itself.
|
burrows also provide protection from predators.
|
The statement 'burrows also provide protection from predators' can be considered false.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [0].), then [4].
If [4], then [1]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC2-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [4], then [5].
If [5], then [1].
Therefore, If [4], then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).
If [3], then (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Burrows also provide protection from predators.', 1: 'Eternal recurrence is the only notion that expresses absolute control of the universe over itself.', 2: 'Most habitats consist of moist environments.', 3: 'Free markets help create free minds.', 4: 'Experiments involve predictions.', 5: 'Pantries are closets.'}
| 4 |
3,859 |
['Once we know the claim that membranes provide mechanical barriers does not correspond with reality, we also know that we know that the claim that either plant cells are larger than animal cells or many researchers consider the gifted as the largest group of underachievers in education is false.', 'We know that either hot water softens a natural cement that, secreted by the worm, holds the cocoon together or either people predominate over currencies, individuals over institutions or autos have (part) fuel systems.', 'Once we know hot water softens a natural cement that, secreted by the worm, holds the cocoon together, we also know that if the claim that membranes provide mechanical barriers does not correspond with reality, then some decapods have body size.', 'Should it be the case that either people predominate over currencies, individuals over institutions or autos have (part) fuel systems, it follows that if the claim that membranes provide mechanical barriers does not correspond with reality, then some decapods have body size.', 'One may reasonably assume that if it is not the case that if some decapods have body size, then either plant cells are larger than animal cells or many researchers consider the gifted as the largest group of underachievers in education, then oxidative damage caused by radicals is behind many complications of diabetes.', 'It is not true that oxidative damage caused by radicals is behind many complications of diabetes.']
|
Once we know the claim that membranes provide mechanical barriers does not correspond with reality, we also know that we know that the claim that either plant cells are larger than animal cells or many researchers consider the gifted as the largest group of underachievers in education is false. We know that either hot water softens a natural cement that, secreted by the worm, holds the cocoon together or either people predominate over currencies, individuals over institutions or autos have (part) fuel systems. Once we know hot water softens a natural cement that, secreted by the worm, holds the cocoon together, we also know that if the claim that membranes provide mechanical barriers does not correspond with reality, then some decapods have body size. Should it be the case that either people predominate over currencies, individuals over institutions or autos have (part) fuel systems, it follows that if the claim that membranes provide mechanical barriers does not correspond with reality, then some decapods have body size. One may reasonably assume that if it is not the case that if some decapods have body size, then either plant cells are larger than animal cells or many researchers consider the gifted as the largest group of underachievers in education, then oxidative damage caused by radicals is behind many complications of diabetes. It is not true that oxidative damage caused by radicals is behind many complications of diabetes.
|
The claim that membranes provide mechanical barriers is true.
|
Membranes act as barriers to compartmentalize important regions of cells.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].). [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [0].), then [3]. [SC1-2]
If [3], then (Either [1] or [2].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].)..
[SC1-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [5] or (Either [6] or [7].).
If [5], then (If (Not [0].), then [3].).
If (Either [6] or [7].), then (If (Not [0].), then [3].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [3]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [3], then (Either [1] or [2].).).), then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, If [3], then (Either [1] or [2].)..
|
{0: 'Membranes provide mechanical barriers.', 1: 'Plant cells are larger than animal cells.', 2: 'Many researchers consider the gifted as the largest group of underachievers in education.', 3: 'Some decapods have body size.', 4: 'Oxidative damage caused by radicals is behind many complications of diabetes.', 5: 'Hot water softens a natural cement that, secreted by the worm, holds the cocoon together.', 6: 'People predominate over currencies, individuals over institutions.', 7: 'Autos have (part) fuel systems.'}
| 4 |
3,298 |
['The claim that most homes use solar power does not reflect reality.', 'When chronic fatigue syndromes in clinical practice is true, it follows that if some people mistakenly believe that sharks feed on marine animals, then rice is a staple substance of the Filipino cuisine.', 'The claim that chronic fatigue syndromes in clinical practice holds true.', 'Should it be the case that those that suggest if rice is a staple substance of the Filipino cuisine, then most homes use solar power are wrong, it follows that all fats contain about the same number of calories teaspoon for teaspoon.', "The notion that 'all fats contain about the same number of calories teaspoon for teaspoon' is untrue."]
|
The claim that most homes use solar power does not reflect reality. When chronic fatigue syndromes in clinical practice is true, it follows that if some people mistakenly believe that sharks feed on marine animals, then rice is a staple substance of the Filipino cuisine. The claim that chronic fatigue syndromes in clinical practice holds true. Should it be the case that those that suggest if rice is a staple substance of the Filipino cuisine, then most homes use solar power are wrong, it follows that all fats contain about the same number of calories teaspoon for teaspoon. The notion that 'all fats contain about the same number of calories teaspoon for teaspoon' is untrue.
|
Many people rightly believe that sharks feed on marine animals.
|
Most sharks float in water.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [0].), then [2]. [SC1-2]
If [2], then [1]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC1-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If (Not [0].), then [2].).
[3]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [2]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [2], then [1].).), then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, If [2], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Sharks feed on marine animals.', 1: 'Most homes use solar power.', 2: 'Rice is a staple substance of the Filipino cuisine.', 3: 'Chronic fatigue syndromes in clinical practice.', 4: 'All fats contain about the same number of calories teaspoon for teaspoon.'}
| 4 |
3,553 |
["The statement that 'if turkeys have (part) cytoplasm, then public defenders are lawyers' is incorrect.", "Whenever it is true that some people mistakenly believe that if irreversible neurological damage leads to conditions, then most photosynthesis occurs in many other organisms, 'some spores become haploid gametophytes' is true.", "Assuming some people mistakenly believe that if irreversible neurological damage leads to conditions, then most photosynthesis occurs in many other organisms, we know that the statement 'some spores become haploid gametophytes' can be considered false.", 'Provided that if kidneys are granular in appearance, then malayan tapirs have eyes, we know that if most photosynthesis occurs in many other organisms, then if turkeys have (part) cytoplasm, then public defenders are lawyers.', 'Should it be the case that kidneys are granular in appearance, it follows that malayan tapirs have eyes.']
|
The statement that 'if turkeys have (part) cytoplasm, then public defenders are lawyers' is incorrect. Whenever it is true that some people mistakenly believe that if irreversible neurological damage leads to conditions, then most photosynthesis occurs in many other organisms, 'some spores become haploid gametophytes' is true. Assuming some people mistakenly believe that if irreversible neurological damage leads to conditions, then most photosynthesis occurs in many other organisms, we know that the statement 'some spores become haploid gametophytes' can be considered false. Provided that if kidneys are granular in appearance, then malayan tapirs have eyes, we know that if most photosynthesis occurs in many other organisms, then if turkeys have (part) cytoplasm, then public defenders are lawyers. Should it be the case that kidneys are granular in appearance, it follows that malayan tapirs have eyes.
|
Those that suggest irreversible neurological damage leads to conditions are wrong.
|
It is not the case that tweeters are much smaller units, designed to produce the highest frequencies.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then (If [1], then [2].). [SC1-1]
Not (If [1], then [2].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [0], then [3]. [SC1-2]
If [3], then (If [1], then [2].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [0], then (If [1], then [2].)..
[SC1-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [0], then [3].).), then [4].
If (Not (If [0], then [3].).), then (Not [4].).
Therefore, If [0], then [3]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Ponens:
If (If [5], then [6].), then (If [3], then (If [1], then [2].).).
If [5], then [6].
Therefore, If [3], then (If [1], then [2].)..
|
{0: 'Irreversible neurological damage leads to conditions.', 1: 'Turkeys have (part) cytoplasm.', 2: 'Public defenders are lawyers.', 3: 'Most photosynthesis occurs in many other organisms.', 4: 'Some spores become haploid gametophytes.', 5: 'Kidneys are granular in appearance.', 6: 'Malayan tapirs have eyes.'}
| 4 |
3,672 |
['On the condition that the claim that if actresses are actors, then women are also responsible for the way society views young and older women does not correspond with reality, it is definitely the case that blossoms have intense aroma.', 'Given that the claim that either tracts are systems or if the claim that if actresses are actors, then women are also responsible for the way society views young and older women does not correspond with reality, then the claim that blossoms have intense aroma has no merit is false, it can be inferred that cumulative votes are elections.', 'Given that the claim that either tracts are systems or if the claim that if actresses are actors, then women are also responsible for the way society views young and older women does not correspond with reality, then the claim that blossoms have intense aroma has no merit is false, it can be inferred that it is not the case that cumulative votes are elections.', "If life is a gradual process of discovering one's mortality, then the claim that tracts are systems does not correspond with reality.", "It is true that life is a gradual process of discovering one's mortality."]
|
On the condition that the claim that if actresses are actors, then women are also responsible for the way society views young and older women does not correspond with reality, it is definitely the case that blossoms have intense aroma. Given that the claim that either tracts are systems or if the claim that if actresses are actors, then women are also responsible for the way society views young and older women does not correspond with reality, then the claim that blossoms have intense aroma has no merit is false, it can be inferred that cumulative votes are elections. Given that the claim that either tracts are systems or if the claim that if actresses are actors, then women are also responsible for the way society views young and older women does not correspond with reality, then the claim that blossoms have intense aroma has no merit is false, it can be inferred that it is not the case that cumulative votes are elections. If life is a gradual process of discovering one's mortality, then the claim that tracts are systems does not correspond with reality. It is true that life is a gradual process of discovering one's mortality.
|
Whenever it is true that actresses are actors, 'women are also responsible for the way society views young and older women' is true.
|
It is not the case that if actresses are actors, then women are also responsible for the way society views young and older women.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].).). [SC1-2]
Not [3]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].)..
[SC1-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [3] or (If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].).).).), then [5].
If (Not (Either [3] or (If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].).).).), then (Not [5].).
Therefore, Either [3] or (If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].).)..
[SC2-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (Not [3].).
[4]
Therefore, Not [3]..
|
{0: 'Actresses are actors.', 1: 'Women are also responsible for the way society views young and older women.', 2: 'Blossoms have intense aroma.', 3: 'Tracts are systems.', 4: "Life is a gradual process of discovering one's mortality.", 5: 'Cumulative votes are elections.'}
| 4 |
3,971 |
['Once we know we know that the claim that if the statement that states crisises are emergencies is false, then pollinators have (part) thoraxes is false, we also know that if infectious agents are agents, then dietary intake provides many benefits.', "The statement that 'if infectious agents are agents, then dietary intake provides many benefits' is incorrect.", 'When pollinators have (part) thoraxes is true, it follows that it is not true that manic depression is a medical disorder just like arthritis or diabetes.', 'Given that the statement, if pollinators have (part) thoraxes, then manic depression is a medical disorder just like arthritis or diabetes, does not hold, it can be inferred that either movement is caused by internal pressure changes rather than muscular tension or religion is the science of the mind.', "So long as the statement, if pollinators have (part) thoraxes, then manic depression is a medical disorder just like arthritis or diabetes, does not hold, 'the notion that 'either movement is caused by internal pressure changes rather than muscular tension or religion is the science of the mind' is untrue' is true."]
|
Once we know we know that the claim that if the statement that states crisises are emergencies is false, then pollinators have (part) thoraxes is false, we also know that if infectious agents are agents, then dietary intake provides many benefits. The statement that 'if infectious agents are agents, then dietary intake provides many benefits' is incorrect. When pollinators have (part) thoraxes is true, it follows that it is not true that manic depression is a medical disorder just like arthritis or diabetes. Given that the statement, if pollinators have (part) thoraxes, then manic depression is a medical disorder just like arthritis or diabetes, does not hold, it can be inferred that either movement is caused by internal pressure changes rather than muscular tension or religion is the science of the mind. So long as the statement, if pollinators have (part) thoraxes, then manic depression is a medical disorder just like arthritis or diabetes, does not hold, 'the notion that 'either movement is caused by internal pressure changes rather than muscular tension or religion is the science of the mind' is untrue' is true.
|
The idea that crisises are emergencies is true.
|
The statement 'crisises are emergencies' can be considered false.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (If [2], then [3].).
Not (If [2], then [3].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [1], then [4]. [SC1-2]
If [1], then (Not [4].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
[SC1-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [1], then [4].).), then (Either [5] or [6].).
If (Not (If [1], then [4].).), then (Not (Either [5] or [6].).).
Therefore, If [1], then [4]..
|
{0: 'Crisises are emergencies.', 1: 'Pollinators have (part) thoraxes.', 2: 'Infectious agents are agents.', 3: 'Dietary intake provides many benefits.', 4: 'Manic depression is a medical disorder just like arthritis or diabetes.', 5: 'Movement is caused by internal pressure changes rather than muscular tension.', 6: 'Religion is the science of the mind.'}
| 4 |
3,027 |
['There is good reason to believe that either gyroscopes are wheels or either a bookworm is a reader or if most gold is mined and comes from gravels and quarts veins or is associated with pyrites deposits, then secondary growth is an important dicot characteristic.', "The notion that 'gyroscopes are wheels' is untrue.", 'At least one of two things is true: most leaves contain cellulose, or many states use lethal injection.', 'If most leaves contain cellulose, then the claim that a bookworm is a reader does not reflect reality.', 'Given that the claim that if many states use lethal injection, then the claim that a bookworm is a reader does not reflect reality is false, it can be inferred that either atoms are vibrations or eaters have (part) body substances.', 'Provided that the claim that if many states use lethal injection, then the claim that a bookworm is a reader does not reflect reality is false, we know that we know that the claim that either atoms are vibrations or eaters have (part) body substances is false.']
|
There is good reason to believe that either gyroscopes are wheels or either a bookworm is a reader or if most gold is mined and comes from gravels and quarts veins or is associated with pyrites deposits, then secondary growth is an important dicot characteristic. The notion that 'gyroscopes are wheels' is untrue. At least one of two things is true: most leaves contain cellulose, or many states use lethal injection. If most leaves contain cellulose, then the claim that a bookworm is a reader does not reflect reality. Given that the claim that if many states use lethal injection, then the claim that a bookworm is a reader does not reflect reality is false, it can be inferred that either atoms are vibrations or eaters have (part) body substances. Provided that the claim that if many states use lethal injection, then the claim that a bookworm is a reader does not reflect reality is false, we know that we know that the claim that either atoms are vibrations or eaters have (part) body substances is false.
|
When most gold is mined and comes from gravels and quarts veins or is associated with pyrites deposits is true, it follows that secondary growth is an important dicot characteristic.
|
So long as most gold is mined and comes from gravels and quarts veins or is associated with pyrites deposits, 'secondary growth depends on both the vascular and cork cambia' is true.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].). [SC1-1]
Not [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [5] or (Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].).).
Not [5].
Therefore, Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (Not [2].).
If [4], then (Not [2].). [SC3-2]
Therefore, Not [2]..
[SC3-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [4], then (Not [2].).).), then (Either [6] or [7].).
If (Not (If [4], then (Not [2].).).), then (Not (Either [6] or [7].).).
Therefore, If [4], then (Not [2].)..
|
{0: 'Most gold is mined and comes from gravels and quarts veins or is associated with pyrites deposits.', 1: 'Secondary growth is an important dicot characteristic.', 2: 'A bookworm is a reader.', 3: 'Most leaves contain cellulose.', 4: 'Many states use lethal injection.', 5: 'Gyroscopes are wheels.', 6: 'Atoms are vibrations.', 7: 'Eaters have (part) body substances.'}
| 4 |
3,231 |
["So long as the statement, some peripheral cytoplasm contains organelles, does not hold, 'most energy is produced by nuclear reaction' is true.", 'Provided that either most rabbits migrate to regions or some people get otitis externa repeatedly, especially if they clean their ears too vigorously, we know that if the statement, some peripheral cytoplasm contains organelles, does not hold, then the statement that states most energy is produced by nuclear reaction is false.', 'At least one of two things is true: disorder has outcomes, or blood serum is humour.', 'Assuming blood serum is humour, we know that some people get otitis externa repeatedly, especially if they clean their ears too vigorously.', 'Either manure contains seeds or if disorder has outcomes, then most rabbits migrate to regions.', 'The claim that manure contains seeds does not correspond with reality.']
|
So long as the statement, some peripheral cytoplasm contains organelles, does not hold, 'most energy is produced by nuclear reaction' is true. Provided that either most rabbits migrate to regions or some people get otitis externa repeatedly, especially if they clean their ears too vigorously, we know that if the statement, some peripheral cytoplasm contains organelles, does not hold, then the statement that states most energy is produced by nuclear reaction is false. At least one of two things is true: disorder has outcomes, or blood serum is humour. Assuming blood serum is humour, we know that some people get otitis externa repeatedly, especially if they clean their ears too vigorously. Either manure contains seeds or if disorder has outcomes, then most rabbits migrate to regions. The claim that manure contains seeds does not correspond with reality.
|
The idea that some peripheral cytoplasm contains organelles is true.
|
The notion that 'some peripheral cytoplasm contains organelles' is untrue.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [2] or [3].), then (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).
Either [2] or [3]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
[SC2-2]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [4] or [5].
If [4], then [2]. [SC2-3]
If [5], then [3].
Therefore, Either [2] or [3]..
[SC2-3]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [6] or (If [4], then [2].).
Not [6].
Therefore, If [4], then [2]..
|
{0: 'Some peripheral cytoplasm contains organelles.', 1: 'Most energy is produced by nuclear reaction.', 2: 'Most rabbits migrate to regions.', 3: 'Some people get otitis externa repeatedly, especially if they clean their ears too vigorously.', 4: 'Disorder has outcomes.', 5: 'Blood serum is humour.', 6: 'Manure contains seeds.'}
| 4 |
3,306 |
['Given that some people mistakenly believe that ecotourism can also have negative effects on the environment itself, it can be inferred that bees seem to be uninterested in the flowers of the pawpaw.', 'Provided that some people mistakenly believe that ecotourism can also have negative effects on the environment itself, we know that if raccoons are nocturnal, which means they are most active at night, then preservatives form a strong chemical bond with the cellulose in the wood in the treating process.', 'One may reasonably assume that if it is not the case that if if raccoons are nocturnal, which means they are most active at night, then preservatives form a strong chemical bond with the cellulose in the wood in the treating process, then the claim that bees seem to be uninterested in the flowers of the pawpaw does not reflect reality, then operating systems is, of course, the most interesting field in computer science.', 'Given that it is not the case that if it is not the case that if if raccoons are nocturnal, which means they are most active at night, then preservatives form a strong chemical bond with the cellulose in the wood in the treating process, then the claim that bees seem to be uninterested in the flowers of the pawpaw does not reflect reality, then the claim that operating systems is, of course, the most interesting field in computer science does not correspond with reality, it can be inferred that new technologies is a historically relative term.', "The statement 'new technologies is a historically relative term' can be considered false."]
|
Given that some people mistakenly believe that ecotourism can also have negative effects on the environment itself, it can be inferred that bees seem to be uninterested in the flowers of the pawpaw. Provided that some people mistakenly believe that ecotourism can also have negative effects on the environment itself, we know that if raccoons are nocturnal, which means they are most active at night, then preservatives form a strong chemical bond with the cellulose in the wood in the treating process. One may reasonably assume that if it is not the case that if if raccoons are nocturnal, which means they are most active at night, then preservatives form a strong chemical bond with the cellulose in the wood in the treating process, then the claim that bees seem to be uninterested in the flowers of the pawpaw does not reflect reality, then operating systems is, of course, the most interesting field in computer science. Given that it is not the case that if it is not the case that if if raccoons are nocturnal, which means they are most active at night, then preservatives form a strong chemical bond with the cellulose in the wood in the treating process, then the claim that bees seem to be uninterested in the flowers of the pawpaw does not reflect reality, then the claim that operating systems is, of course, the most interesting field in computer science does not correspond with reality, it can be inferred that new technologies is a historically relative term. The statement 'new technologies is a historically relative term' can be considered false.
|
The claim that ecotourism can also have negative effects on the environment itself holds true.
|
The claim that ecotourism can also have negative effects on the environment itself does not reflect reality.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [0].), then (If [2], then [3].).
If (If [2], then [3].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
[SC2-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (If [2], then [3].), then (Not [1].).).), then [4].
If (Not (If (If [2], then [3].), then (Not [1].).).), then (Not [4].). [SC2-3]
Therefore, If (If [2], then [3].), then (Not [1].)..
[SC2-3]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not (If (If [2], then [3].), then (Not [1].).).), then (Not [4].).).), then [5].
Not [5].
Therefore, If (Not (If (If [2], then [3].), then (Not [1].).).), then (Not [4].)..
|
{0: 'Ecotourism can also have negative effects on the environment itself.', 1: 'Bees seem to be uninterested in the flowers of the pawpaw.', 2: 'Raccoons are nocturnal, which means they are most active at night.', 3: 'Preservatives form a strong chemical bond with the cellulose in the wood in the treating process.', 4: 'Operating systems is, of course, the most interesting field in computer science.', 5: 'New technologies is a historically relative term.'}
| 4 |
3,706 |
['It is not the case that cystic fibrosis is genetic conditions.', "Assuming if juries are committees, then juice loads with sugar, we know that if the notion that 'either bronze is brittle because it's an alloy or obesity is implicated the most strongly in coronary disease' is untrue, then it is not the case that time does change relationships between parents and children, husbands and wives and even brethren.", 'Assuming juries are committees, we know that juice loads with sugar.', "Provided that the statement that 'if the claim that if the notion that 'either bronze is brittle because it's an alloy or obesity is implicated the most strongly in coronary disease' is untrue, then time does change relationships between parents and children, husbands and wives and even brethren has no merit, then cystic fibrosis is genetic conditions' is incorrect, we know that chemical defenses are used by the largest group of plants.", "The notion that 'chemical defenses are used by the largest group of plants' is untrue."]
|
It is not the case that cystic fibrosis is genetic conditions. Assuming if juries are committees, then juice loads with sugar, we know that if the notion that 'either bronze is brittle because it's an alloy or obesity is implicated the most strongly in coronary disease' is untrue, then it is not the case that time does change relationships between parents and children, husbands and wives and even brethren. Assuming juries are committees, we know that juice loads with sugar. Provided that the statement that 'if the claim that if the notion that 'either bronze is brittle because it's an alloy or obesity is implicated the most strongly in coronary disease' is untrue, then time does change relationships between parents and children, husbands and wives and even brethren has no merit, then cystic fibrosis is genetic conditions' is incorrect, we know that chemical defenses are used by the largest group of plants. The notion that 'chemical defenses are used by the largest group of plants' is untrue.
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: bronze is brittle because it's an alloy, or obesity is implicated the most strongly in coronary disease.
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: bronze is brittle because it's an alloy, or obesity is implicated the most strongly in coronary disease.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2]. [SC1-1]
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then (Not [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].).), then [5]. [SC1-2]
Not [5].
Therefore, If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2]..
[SC1-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].).), then [5].).), then [6].
Not [6].
Therefore, If (Not (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].).), then [5]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (If [3], then [4].), then (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then (Not [2].).).
If [3], then [4].
Therefore, If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then (Not [2].)..
|
{0: "Bronze is brittle because it's an alloy.", 1: 'Obesity is implicated the most strongly in coronary disease.', 2: 'Time does change relationships between parents and children, husbands and wives and even brethren.', 3: 'Juries are committees.', 4: 'Juice loads with sugar.', 5: 'Cystic fibrosis is genetic conditions.', 6: 'Chemical defenses are used by the largest group of plants.'}
| 4 |
3,496 |
['Should it be the case that some doorsteps are part of temples, it follows that a christ is a helper.', 'We know that at least one of two things is true: millipedes are numerous, though, and show up on porches and in houses, often curled up and dead, or creams help moisturize and work well for winter weather.', 'One may reasonably assume that if creams help moisturize and work well for winter weather, then some doorsteps are part of temples.', 'If most birds can obtain water directly by drinking, then if either macaws live longer than most dogs and birds or waste is materials, then synovial joints have different parameters.', 'It is a simple truth that most birds can obtain water directly by drinking.', 'If millipedes are numerous, though, and show up on porches and in houses, often curled up and dead, then isotopes have the same atomic mass and different atomic numbers.', "So long as isotopes have the same atomic mass and different atomic numbers, 'either macaws live longer than most dogs and birds or waste is materials' is true."]
|
Should it be the case that some doorsteps are part of temples, it follows that a christ is a helper. We know that at least one of two things is true: millipedes are numerous, though, and show up on porches and in houses, often curled up and dead, or creams help moisturize and work well for winter weather. One may reasonably assume that if creams help moisturize and work well for winter weather, then some doorsteps are part of temples. If most birds can obtain water directly by drinking, then if either macaws live longer than most dogs and birds or waste is materials, then synovial joints have different parameters. It is a simple truth that most birds can obtain water directly by drinking. If millipedes are numerous, though, and show up on porches and in houses, often curled up and dead, then isotopes have the same atomic mass and different atomic numbers. So long as isotopes have the same atomic mass and different atomic numbers, 'either macaws live longer than most dogs and birds or waste is materials' is true.
|
It is rational to believe that either synovial joints have different parameters or a christ is a helper.
|
It is a common misconception that either synovial joints have different parameters or a christ is a helper.
|
FALSE
|
Constructive Dilemma:
Either (Either [2] or [3].) or [4]. [SC1-1]
If (Either [2] or [3].), then [0]. [SC2-1]
If [4], then [1].
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [5] or [6].
If [5], then (Either [2] or [3].). [SC2-2]
If [6], then [4].
Therefore, Either (Either [2] or [3].) or [4]..
[SC2-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [5], then [8].
If [8], then (Either [2] or [3].).
Therefore, If [5], then (Either [2] or [3].)..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [7], then (If (Either [2] or [3].), then [0].).
[7]
Therefore, If (Either [2] or [3].), then [0]..
|
{0: 'Synovial joints have different parameters.', 1: 'A christ is a helper.', 2: 'Macaws live longer than most dogs and birds.', 3: 'Waste is materials.', 4: 'Some doorsteps are part of temples.', 5: 'Millipedes are numerous, though, and show up on porches and in houses, often curled up and dead.', 6: 'Creams help moisturize and work well for winter weather.', 7: 'Most birds can obtain water directly by drinking.', 8: 'Isotopes have the same atomic mass and different atomic numbers.'}
| 4 |
3,558 |
['When if solar energy is considered one of the cleanest and safest sources of energy, then some trees provide important nest sites is true, it follows that exoskeletons consist of different layers.', "So long as some medications can build up in the blood system over a period of time and cause hallucinations, 'laser scanners have the best read rate of all types of scanners' is true.", 'Either one or both of these statements are true: plasticizers comprise over half of the weight of some flexible vinyl products, or it is a common misconception that exoskeletons consist of different layers.', 'The claim that plasticizers comprise over half of the weight of some flexible vinyl products does not reflect reality.', 'At least one of two things is true: some food depends on size, or genetic algorithms are prone to coarseness of scale and premature convergence.', 'If some food depends on size, then if solar energy is considered one of the cleanest and safest sources of energy, then some trees provide important nest sites.', 'When genetic algorithms are prone to coarseness of scale and premature convergence is true, it follows that some medications can build up in the blood system over a period of time and cause hallucinations.']
|
When if solar energy is considered one of the cleanest and safest sources of energy, then some trees provide important nest sites is true, it follows that exoskeletons consist of different layers. So long as some medications can build up in the blood system over a period of time and cause hallucinations, 'laser scanners have the best read rate of all types of scanners' is true. Either one or both of these statements are true: plasticizers comprise over half of the weight of some flexible vinyl products, or it is a common misconception that exoskeletons consist of different layers. The claim that plasticizers comprise over half of the weight of some flexible vinyl products does not reflect reality. At least one of two things is true: some food depends on size, or genetic algorithms are prone to coarseness of scale and premature convergence. If some food depends on size, then if solar energy is considered one of the cleanest and safest sources of energy, then some trees provide important nest sites. When genetic algorithms are prone to coarseness of scale and premature convergence is true, it follows that some medications can build up in the blood system over a period of time and cause hallucinations.
|
Many people rightly believe that laser scanners have the best read rate of all types of scanners.
|
Laser scanners track cars and send info about location to computers.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either (If [2], then [3].) or [4]. [SC1-2]
If (If [2], then [3].), then [1].
If [4], then [0].
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
[SC1-2]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [6] or [7].
If [6], then (If [2], then [3].).
If [7], then [4].
Therefore, Either (If [2], then [3].) or [4]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [5] or (Not [1].).
Not [5].
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Laser scanners have the best read rate of all types of scanners.', 1: 'Exoskeletons consist of different layers.', 2: 'Solar energy is considered one of the cleanest and safest sources of energy.', 3: 'Some trees provide important nest sites.', 4: 'Some medications can build up in the blood system over a period of time and cause hallucinations.', 5: 'Plasticizers comprise over half of the weight of some flexible vinyl products.', 6: 'Some food depends on size.', 7: 'Genetic algorithms are prone to coarseness of scale and premature convergence.'}
| 4 |
3,784 |
['Provided that stress also affects sperm production and motility, we know that corticosteroids are steroid hormones.', 'On the condition that caretakers use disinfectant foot baths, it is definitely the case that either either lemurs are located in nature or joint pain is common in infected adults, especially women or stress also affects sperm production and motility.', 'It is a simple truth that caretakers use disinfectant foot baths.', 'At least one of two things is true: continuous improvement is the responsibility of everyone in our organization, or live bait rigging is a technique that is often under utilized.', 'If continuous improvement is the responsibility of everyone in our organization, then the claim that either lemurs are located in nature or joint pain is common in infected adults, especially women has no merit.', 'If live bait rigging is a technique that is often under utilized, then the claim that either lemurs are located in nature or joint pain is common in infected adults, especially women has no merit.']
|
Provided that stress also affects sperm production and motility, we know that corticosteroids are steroid hormones. On the condition that caretakers use disinfectant foot baths, it is definitely the case that either either lemurs are located in nature or joint pain is common in infected adults, especially women or stress also affects sperm production and motility. It is a simple truth that caretakers use disinfectant foot baths. At least one of two things is true: continuous improvement is the responsibility of everyone in our organization, or live bait rigging is a technique that is often under utilized. If continuous improvement is the responsibility of everyone in our organization, then the claim that either lemurs are located in nature or joint pain is common in infected adults, especially women has no merit. If live bait rigging is a technique that is often under utilized, then the claim that either lemurs are located in nature or joint pain is common in infected adults, especially women has no merit.
|
It is fair to say that corticosteroids are steroid hormones.
|
It is fair to say that corticosteroids are steroid hormones.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [2] or [3].) or [1]. [SC1-2]
Not (Either [2] or [3].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, [1].
[SC1-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (Either (Either [2] or [3].) or [1].).
[4]
Therefore, Either (Either [2] or [3].) or [1]..
[SC2-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [5] or [6].
If [5], then (Not (Either [2] or [3].).).
If [6], then (Not (Either [2] or [3].).).
Therefore, Not (Either [2] or [3].)..
|
{0: 'Corticosteroids are steroid hormones.', 1: 'Stress also affects sperm production and motility.', 2: 'Lemurs are located in nature.', 3: 'Joint pain is common in infected adults, especially women.', 4: 'Caretakers use disinfectant foot baths.', 5: 'Continuous improvement is the responsibility of everyone in our organization.', 6: 'Live bait rigging is a technique that is often under utilized.'}
| 4 |
3,239 |
['The claim that many periodical indexes refer to articles that report the results of public opinion surveys does not reflect reality.', "Whenever it is true that if pavement ants feed on a wide variety of food, then a home theatre is a theatre, 'the statement, some places can be a bit muddy after rain, does not hold' is true.", 'Once we know pavement ants feed on a wide variety of food, we also know that a home theatre is a theatre.', 'Assuming either chats are another form online where people gather to find mutual support and information or varicoceles are enlargements of veins inside the scrotum that drain the testicles, we know that either many periodical indexes refer to articles that report the results of public opinion surveys or if it is not true that unsaturated fats come from plant sources, then some places can be a bit muddy after rain.', 'It is a fact that either chats are another form online where people gather to find mutual support and information or varicoceles are enlargements of veins inside the scrotum that drain the testicles.']
|
The claim that many periodical indexes refer to articles that report the results of public opinion surveys does not reflect reality. Whenever it is true that if pavement ants feed on a wide variety of food, then a home theatre is a theatre, 'the statement, some places can be a bit muddy after rain, does not hold' is true. Once we know pavement ants feed on a wide variety of food, we also know that a home theatre is a theatre. Assuming either chats are another form online where people gather to find mutual support and information or varicoceles are enlargements of veins inside the scrotum that drain the testicles, we know that either many periodical indexes refer to articles that report the results of public opinion surveys or if it is not true that unsaturated fats come from plant sources, then some places can be a bit muddy after rain. It is a fact that either chats are another form online where people gather to find mutual support and information or varicoceles are enlargements of veins inside the scrotum that drain the testicles.
|
It is true that unsaturated fats come from plant sources.
|
Unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature and are missing at least one hydrogen atom.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [4] or (If (Not [0].), then [1].). [SC1-2]
Not [4].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC1-2]
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [5] or [6].), then (Either [4] or (If (Not [0].), then [1].).).
Either [5] or [6].
Therefore, Either [4] or (If (Not [0].), then [1].)..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (If [2], then [3].), then (Not [1].).
If [2], then [3].
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Unsaturated fats come from plant sources.', 1: 'Some places can be a bit muddy after rain.', 2: 'Pavement ants feed on a wide variety of food.', 3: 'A home theatre is a theatre.', 4: 'Many periodical indexes refer to articles that report the results of public opinion surveys.', 5: 'Chats are another form online where people gather to find mutual support and information.', 6: 'Varicoceles are enlargements of veins inside the scrotum that drain the testicles.'}
| 4 |
3,578 |
["On the condition that most parasites cause diseases, it is definitely the case that the statement 'valleys are used for water runoff' can be considered false.", 'We know that either if some dairy farmers work at night, then feldspars are the most common of all minerals or propositional logic uses variables to represent statements.', "Assuming if some dairy farmers work at night, then feldspars are the most common of all minerals, we know that if the statement 'most parasites cause diseases' can be considered false, then cycad seeds have layers.", "On the condition that propositional logic uses variables to represent statements, it is definitely the case that if the statement 'most parasites cause diseases' can be considered false, then cycad seeds have layers.", "So long as cycad seeds have layers, 'ulcers are a result of damage done to the upper lining in the stomach by acid' is true.", "The notion that 'ulcers are a result of damage done to the upper lining in the stomach by acid' is untrue."]
|
On the condition that most parasites cause diseases, it is definitely the case that the statement 'valleys are used for water runoff' can be considered false. We know that either if some dairy farmers work at night, then feldspars are the most common of all minerals or propositional logic uses variables to represent statements. Assuming if some dairy farmers work at night, then feldspars are the most common of all minerals, we know that if the statement 'most parasites cause diseases' can be considered false, then cycad seeds have layers. On the condition that propositional logic uses variables to represent statements, it is definitely the case that if the statement 'most parasites cause diseases' can be considered false, then cycad seeds have layers. So long as cycad seeds have layers, 'ulcers are a result of damage done to the upper lining in the stomach by acid' is true. The notion that 'ulcers are a result of damage done to the upper lining in the stomach by acid' is untrue.
|
The statement 'valleys are used for water runoff' can be considered false.
|
The claim that valleys are used for water runoff is true.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].).
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [1].), then [2]. [SC1-2]
Not [2]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, [1].
[SC1-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [4], then [5].) or [6].
If (If [4], then [5].), then (If (Not [1].), then [2].).
If [6], then (If (Not [1].), then [2].).
Therefore, If (Not [1].), then [2]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If [2], then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Valleys are used for water runoff.', 1: 'Most parasites cause diseases.', 2: 'Cycad seeds have layers.', 3: 'Ulcers are a result of damage done to the upper lining in the stomach by acid.', 4: 'Some dairy farmers work at night.', 5: 'Feldspars are the most common of all minerals.', 6: 'Propositional logic uses variables to represent statements.'}
| 4 |
3,055 |
["The statement that 'mammals move to center stage' is incorrect.", 'Either some daughters are diagnosed with rare metabolic disorder or either admirals have (part) plasma membranes or organisms interact with one another in various ways besides providing food.', 'On the condition that either admirals have (part) plasma membranes or organisms interact with one another in various ways besides providing food, it is definitely the case that either mammals move to center stage or most antidiuretic hormones are secreted by pituitary glands.', 'It is rational to believe that either families are at the center of social life in India, with the nurturing of children at the core or either chimpanzees eat fruit vegetables or statues are located in parks.', 'Assuming either chimpanzees eat fruit vegetables or statues are located in parks, we know that if some daughters are diagnosed with rare metabolic disorder, then either mammals move to center stage or most antidiuretic hormones are secreted by pituitary glands.', "So long as it is not true that if families are at the center of social life in India, with the nurturing of children at the core, then if some daughters are diagnosed with rare metabolic disorder, then either mammals move to center stage or most antidiuretic hormones are secreted by pituitary glands, 'dens tend to drop all their leaves and leave nothing but the cane' is true.", 'It is not the case that dens tend to drop all their leaves and leave nothing but the cane.']
|
The statement that 'mammals move to center stage' is incorrect. Either some daughters are diagnosed with rare metabolic disorder or either admirals have (part) plasma membranes or organisms interact with one another in various ways besides providing food. On the condition that either admirals have (part) plasma membranes or organisms interact with one another in various ways besides providing food, it is definitely the case that either mammals move to center stage or most antidiuretic hormones are secreted by pituitary glands. It is rational to believe that either families are at the center of social life in India, with the nurturing of children at the core or either chimpanzees eat fruit vegetables or statues are located in parks. Assuming either chimpanzees eat fruit vegetables or statues are located in parks, we know that if some daughters are diagnosed with rare metabolic disorder, then either mammals move to center stage or most antidiuretic hormones are secreted by pituitary glands. So long as it is not true that if families are at the center of social life in India, with the nurturing of children at the core, then if some daughters are diagnosed with rare metabolic disorder, then either mammals move to center stage or most antidiuretic hormones are secreted by pituitary glands, 'dens tend to drop all their leaves and leave nothing but the cane' is true. It is not the case that dens tend to drop all their leaves and leave nothing but the cane.
|
The claim that most antidiuretic hormones are secreted by pituitary glands holds true.
|
Antidiuretic hormones stimulate kidneys.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or (Either [3] or [4].).
If [2], then (Either [1] or [0].). [SC2-2]
If (Either [3] or [4].), then (Either [1] or [0].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
[SC2-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [5] or (Either [6] or [7].).
If [5], then (If [2], then (Either [1] or [0].).). [SC2-3]
If (Either [6] or [7].), then (If [2], then (Either [1] or [0].).).
Therefore, If [2], then (Either [1] or [0].)..
[SC2-3]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [5], then (If [2], then (Either [1] or [0].).).).), then [8].
Not [8].
Therefore, If [5], then (If [2], then (Either [1] or [0].).)..
|
{0: 'Most antidiuretic hormones are secreted by pituitary glands.', 1: 'Mammals move to center stage.', 2: 'Some daughters are diagnosed with rare metabolic disorder.', 3: 'Admirals have (part) plasma membranes.', 4: 'Organisms interact with one another in various ways besides providing food.', 5: 'Families are at the center of social life in India, with the nurturing of children at the core.', 6: 'Chimpanzees eat fruit vegetables.', 7: 'Statues are located in parks.', 8: 'Dens tend to drop all their leaves and leave nothing but the cane.'}
| 4 |
3,906 |
["It is rational to believe that either either water play an important role in maintaining the health and performance of the birds or energy is caused by the motion of matter or the statement that 'flightless birds have heads' is incorrect.", 'When anthems are songs is true, it follows that the statement that states either water play an important role in maintaining the health and performance of the birds or energy is caused by the motion of matter is false.', 'Provided that either objects are re-usable software components, combining code and attributes or distance is a scalar quantity, it is a number given in some units, we know that the statement that states either water play an important role in maintaining the health and performance of the birds or energy is caused by the motion of matter is false.', 'The statement that states if nodular melanoma arises directly in the vertical growth phase with dermal invasion, then coprolites have a long history of study is false.', 'Provided that the statement, either if nodular melanoma arises directly in the vertical growth phase with dermal invasion, then coprolites have a long history of study or either anthems are songs or either objects are re-usable software components, combining code and attributes or distance is a scalar quantity, it is a number given in some units, does not hold, we know that cigarette smoking is the principal cause of low birth weight in developed countries.', 'It is not true that cigarette smoking is the principal cause of low birth weight in developed countries.']
|
It is rational to believe that either either water play an important role in maintaining the health and performance of the birds or energy is caused by the motion of matter or the statement that 'flightless birds have heads' is incorrect. When anthems are songs is true, it follows that the statement that states either water play an important role in maintaining the health and performance of the birds or energy is caused by the motion of matter is false. Provided that either objects are re-usable software components, combining code and attributes or distance is a scalar quantity, it is a number given in some units, we know that the statement that states either water play an important role in maintaining the health and performance of the birds or energy is caused by the motion of matter is false. The statement that states if nodular melanoma arises directly in the vertical growth phase with dermal invasion, then coprolites have a long history of study is false. Provided that the statement, either if nodular melanoma arises directly in the vertical growth phase with dermal invasion, then coprolites have a long history of study or either anthems are songs or either objects are re-usable software components, combining code and attributes or distance is a scalar quantity, it is a number given in some units, does not hold, we know that cigarette smoking is the principal cause of low birth weight in developed countries. It is not true that cigarette smoking is the principal cause of low birth weight in developed countries.
|
The statement that 'flightless birds have heads' is incorrect.
|
The statement, most flightless birds provide examples, does not hold.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or (Not [0].).
Not (Either [1] or [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or (Either [4] or [5].). [SC1-2]
If [3], then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).
If (Either [4] or [5].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).
Therefore, Not (Either [1] or [2].)..
[SC1-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [6], then [7].) or (Either [3] or (Either [4] or [5].).). [SC1-3]
Not (If [6], then [7].).
Therefore, Either [3] or (Either [4] or [5].)..
[SC1-3]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either (If [6], then [7].) or (Either [3] or (Either [4] or [5].).).).), then [8].
Not [8].
Therefore, Either (If [6], then [7].) or (Either [3] or (Either [4] or [5].).)..
|
{0: 'Flightless birds have heads.', 1: 'Water play an important role in maintaining the health and performance of the birds.', 2: 'Energy is caused by the motion of matter.', 3: 'Anthems are songs.', 4: 'Objects are re-usable software components, combining code and attributes.', 5: 'Distance is a scalar quantity, it is a number given in some units.', 6: 'Nodular melanoma arises directly in the vertical growth phase with dermal invasion.', 7: 'Coprolites have a long history of study.', 8: 'Cigarette smoking is the principal cause of low birth weight in developed countries.'}
| 4 |
3,175 |
["So long as we know that the claim that either carp blood is thought by the villagers to help fight radiation sickness or belts date back to the bare-knuckle days is false, 'it is not the case that spinal subluxations are important' is true.", 'Either one or both of these statements are true: oxidizers react with all organic materials causing structural breakdown, or some parasites infect caterpillars.', 'At least one of two things is true: if most tender plants survive winter nights, then chitin is the main component of the exoskeleton of all crustaceans, or if oxidizers react with all organic materials causing structural breakdown, then if we know that the claim that either carp blood is thought by the villagers to help fight radiation sickness or belts date back to the bare-knuckle days is false, then spinal subluxations are important.', 'The claim that if most tender plants survive winter nights, then chitin is the main component of the exoskeleton of all crustaceans does not reflect reality.', 'There is good reason to believe that either if electrons carry a charge equal in magnitude but opposite in charge to that of protons, then fragmentation occurs when an organism breaks into pieces and each piece grows into a new individual or either most tarantulas live in burrows or some beetles eat whirligig beetles.', 'Provided that if electrons carry a charge equal in magnitude but opposite in charge to that of protons, then fragmentation occurs when an organism breaks into pieces and each piece grows into a new individual, we know that if some parasites infect caterpillars, then if we know that the claim that either carp blood is thought by the villagers to help fight radiation sickness or belts date back to the bare-knuckle days is false, then spinal subluxations are important.', 'If either most tarantulas live in burrows or some beetles eat whirligig beetles, then if some parasites infect caterpillars, then if we know that the claim that either carp blood is thought by the villagers to help fight radiation sickness or belts date back to the bare-knuckle days is false, then spinal subluxations are important.']
|
So long as we know that the claim that either carp blood is thought by the villagers to help fight radiation sickness or belts date back to the bare-knuckle days is false, 'it is not the case that spinal subluxations are important' is true. Either one or both of these statements are true: oxidizers react with all organic materials causing structural breakdown, or some parasites infect caterpillars. At least one of two things is true: if most tender plants survive winter nights, then chitin is the main component of the exoskeleton of all crustaceans, or if oxidizers react with all organic materials causing structural breakdown, then if we know that the claim that either carp blood is thought by the villagers to help fight radiation sickness or belts date back to the bare-knuckle days is false, then spinal subluxations are important. The claim that if most tender plants survive winter nights, then chitin is the main component of the exoskeleton of all crustaceans does not reflect reality. There is good reason to believe that either if electrons carry a charge equal in magnitude but opposite in charge to that of protons, then fragmentation occurs when an organism breaks into pieces and each piece grows into a new individual or either most tarantulas live in burrows or some beetles eat whirligig beetles. Provided that if electrons carry a charge equal in magnitude but opposite in charge to that of protons, then fragmentation occurs when an organism breaks into pieces and each piece grows into a new individual, we know that if some parasites infect caterpillars, then if we know that the claim that either carp blood is thought by the villagers to help fight radiation sickness or belts date back to the bare-knuckle days is false, then spinal subluxations are important. If either most tarantulas live in burrows or some beetles eat whirligig beetles, then if some parasites infect caterpillars, then if we know that the claim that either carp blood is thought by the villagers to help fight radiation sickness or belts date back to the bare-knuckle days is false, then spinal subluxations are important.
|
It is rational to believe that either carp blood is thought by the villagers to help fight radiation sickness or belts date back to the bare-knuckle days.
|
It is rational to believe that either miniskirts are the result of the sexual revolution or belts have buckles.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2]. [SC1-1]
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].). [SC2-2]
If [4], then (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].). [SC3-2]
Therefore, If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2]..
[SC2-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [9], then [10].) or (If [3], then (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].).).
Not (If [9], then [10].).
Therefore, If [3], then (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].)..
[SC3-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [5], then [6].) or (Either [7] or [8].).
If (If [5], then [6].), then (If [4], then (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].).).
If (Either [7] or [8].), then (If [4], then (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].).).
Therefore, If [4], then (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].)..
|
{0: 'Carp blood is thought by the villagers to help fight radiation sickness.', 1: 'Belts date back to the bare-knuckle days.', 2: 'Spinal subluxations are important.', 3: 'Oxidizers react with all organic materials causing structural breakdown.', 4: 'Some parasites infect caterpillars.', 5: 'Electrons carry a charge equal in magnitude but opposite in charge to that of protons.', 6: 'Fragmentation occurs when an organism breaks into pieces and each piece grows into a new individual.', 7: 'Most tarantulas live in burrows.', 8: 'Some beetles eat whirligig beetles.', 9: 'Most tender plants survive winter nights.', 10: 'Chitin is the main component of the exoskeleton of all crustaceans.'}
| 4 |
3,014 |
["The statement 'radio waves range from the size of people to buildings' can be considered false.", 'On the condition that most people think about energy only when gas prices spike or when heating oil is in short supply, it is definitely the case that either radio waves range from the size of people to buildings or most climates have high humidity.', 'Given that either methods use in analyses or elephants swallow food and liquids through their mouths, it can be inferred that either radio waves range from the size of people to buildings or most climates have high humidity.', 'Should it be the case that it is not the case that either most people think about energy only when gas prices spike or when heating oil is in short supply or either methods use in analyses or elephants swallow food and liquids through their mouths, it follows that the claim that brand names are trademarks of their respective owners does not reflect reality.', 'We know that either brants suffer from disorder or if some youngsters own rowboats, or boats with outboards, and begin fishing while they are young, then physical activity is a healthier alternative to controlling weight than smoking and dieting.', 'Provided that brants suffer from disorder, we know that if it is not the case that either most people think about energy only when gas prices spike or when heating oil is in short supply or either methods use in analyses or elephants swallow food and liquids through their mouths, then brand names are trademarks of their respective owners.', 'Provided that if some youngsters own rowboats, or boats with outboards, and begin fishing while they are young, then physical activity is a healthier alternative to controlling weight than smoking and dieting, we know that if it is not the case that either most people think about energy only when gas prices spike or when heating oil is in short supply or either methods use in analyses or elephants swallow food and liquids through their mouths, then brand names are trademarks of their respective owners.']
|
The statement 'radio waves range from the size of people to buildings' can be considered false. On the condition that most people think about energy only when gas prices spike or when heating oil is in short supply, it is definitely the case that either radio waves range from the size of people to buildings or most climates have high humidity. Given that either methods use in analyses or elephants swallow food and liquids through their mouths, it can be inferred that either radio waves range from the size of people to buildings or most climates have high humidity. Should it be the case that it is not the case that either most people think about energy only when gas prices spike or when heating oil is in short supply or either methods use in analyses or elephants swallow food and liquids through their mouths, it follows that the claim that brand names are trademarks of their respective owners does not reflect reality. We know that either brants suffer from disorder or if some youngsters own rowboats, or boats with outboards, and begin fishing while they are young, then physical activity is a healthier alternative to controlling weight than smoking and dieting. Provided that brants suffer from disorder, we know that if it is not the case that either most people think about energy only when gas prices spike or when heating oil is in short supply or either methods use in analyses or elephants swallow food and liquids through their mouths, then brand names are trademarks of their respective owners. Provided that if some youngsters own rowboats, or boats with outboards, and begin fishing while they are young, then physical activity is a healthier alternative to controlling weight than smoking and dieting, we know that if it is not the case that either most people think about energy only when gas prices spike or when heating oil is in short supply or either methods use in analyses or elephants swallow food and liquids through their mouths, then brand names are trademarks of their respective owners.
|
We can assume that most climates have high humidity.
|
The statement that states most climates have high humidity is false.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or (Either [3] or [4].). [SC1-2]
If [2], then (Either [1] or [0].).
If (Either [3] or [4].), then (Either [1] or [0].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
[SC1-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [2] or (Either [3] or [4].).).), then [5]. [SC1-3]
If (Not (Either [2] or (Either [3] or [4].).).), then (Not [5].).
Therefore, Either [2] or (Either [3] or [4].)..
[SC1-3]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [6] or (If [7], then [8].).
If [6], then (If (Not (Either [2] or (Either [3] or [4].).).), then [5].).
If (If [7], then [8].), then (If (Not (Either [2] or (Either [3] or [4].).).), then [5].).
Therefore, If (Not (Either [2] or (Either [3] or [4].).).), then [5]..
|
{0: 'Most climates have high humidity.', 1: 'Radio waves range from the size of people to buildings.', 2: 'Most people think about energy only when gas prices spike or when heating oil is in short supply.', 3: 'Methods use in analyses.', 4: 'Elephants swallow food and liquids through their mouths.', 5: 'Brand names are trademarks of their respective owners.', 6: 'Brants suffer from disorder.', 7: 'Some youngsters own rowboats, or boats with outboards, and begin fishing while they are young.', 8: 'Physical activity is a healthier alternative to controlling weight than smoking and dieting.'}
| 4 |
3,077 |
['On the condition that carbon forms the skeleton of all organic molecules, it is definitely the case that if turbidity isa quality, then insurance is insurance.', 'Assuming if turbidity isa quality, then insurance is insurance, we know that arteries look lumpy and are crooked, dilated with stiff, thin or calcified walls.', "Whenever it is true that the statement, carbon forms the skeleton of all organic molecules, does not hold, 'trees grow along riverbanks' is true.", 'Given that trees grow along riverbanks, it can be inferred that fish have female organs.', 'Those that suggest fish have female organs are wrong.']
|
On the condition that carbon forms the skeleton of all organic molecules, it is definitely the case that if turbidity isa quality, then insurance is insurance. Assuming if turbidity isa quality, then insurance is insurance, we know that arteries look lumpy and are crooked, dilated with stiff, thin or calcified walls. Whenever it is true that the statement, carbon forms the skeleton of all organic molecules, does not hold, 'trees grow along riverbanks' is true. Given that trees grow along riverbanks, it can be inferred that fish have female organs. Those that suggest fish have female organs are wrong.
|
We can assume that arteries look lumpy and are crooked, dilated with stiff, thin or calcified walls.
|
All arteries carry blood away from the heart.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [1], then (If [2], then [3].).
If (If [2], then [3].), then [0].
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [1].), then [4].
Not [4]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, [1].
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If [4], then [5].
Not [5].
Therefore, Not [4]..
|
{0: 'Arteries look lumpy and are crooked, dilated with stiff, thin or calcified walls.', 1: 'Carbon forms the skeleton of all organic molecules.', 2: 'Turbidity isa quality.', 3: 'Insurance is insurance.', 4: 'Trees grow along riverbanks.', 5: 'Fish have female organs.'}
| 4 |
3,031 |
['Once we know the statement, either oIL IS OIL or judgment is a mental act of evaluation through comparison or contrast, does not hold, we also know that exposure can cause irritation of the eyes, nose, mouth, and throat.', 'Assuming exposure can cause irritation of the eyes, nose, mouth, and throat, we know that beans take somewhat longer, though kidney beans grow more quickly than some other bean types.', 'One may reasonably assume that if the statement, if the statement, either oIL IS OIL or judgment is a mental act of evaluation through comparison or contrast, does not hold, then the claim that beans take somewhat longer, though kidney beans grow more quickly than some other bean types is false, does not hold, then shepherd dogs reach adulthood.', 'Provided that the statement, if the statement, either oIL IS OIL or judgment is a mental act of evaluation through comparison or contrast, does not hold, then the claim that beans take somewhat longer, though kidney beans grow more quickly than some other bean types is false, does not hold, we know that sparks fly when metal shoes strike rocks.', 'One may reasonably assume that if sparks fly when metal shoes strike rocks, then it is a common misconception that shepherd dogs reach adulthood.']
|
Once we know the statement, either oIL IS OIL or judgment is a mental act of evaluation through comparison or contrast, does not hold, we also know that exposure can cause irritation of the eyes, nose, mouth, and throat. Assuming exposure can cause irritation of the eyes, nose, mouth, and throat, we know that beans take somewhat longer, though kidney beans grow more quickly than some other bean types. One may reasonably assume that if the statement, if the statement, either oIL IS OIL or judgment is a mental act of evaluation through comparison or contrast, does not hold, then the claim that beans take somewhat longer, though kidney beans grow more quickly than some other bean types is false, does not hold, then shepherd dogs reach adulthood. Provided that the statement, if the statement, either oIL IS OIL or judgment is a mental act of evaluation through comparison or contrast, does not hold, then the claim that beans take somewhat longer, though kidney beans grow more quickly than some other bean types is false, does not hold, we know that sparks fly when metal shoes strike rocks. One may reasonably assume that if sparks fly when metal shoes strike rocks, then it is a common misconception that shepherd dogs reach adulthood.
|
At least one of two things is true: oIL IS OIL , or judgment is a mental act of evaluation through comparison or contrast.
|
At least one of two things is true: oIL IS OIL , or judgment is a mental act of evaluation through comparison or contrast.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2]. [SC1-1]
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then (Not [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [3].
If [3], then [2].
Therefore, If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then (Not [2].).).), then [4].
If (Not (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then (Not [2].).).), then (Not [4].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then (Not [2].)..
[SC2-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then (Not [2].).).), then [5].
If [5], then (Not [4].).
Therefore, If (Not (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then (Not [2].).).), then (Not [4].)..
|
{0: 'OIL IS OIL .', 1: 'Judgment is a mental act of evaluation through comparison or contrast.', 2: 'Beans take somewhat longer, though kidney beans grow more quickly than some other bean types.', 3: 'Exposure can cause irritation of the eyes, nose, mouth, and throat.', 4: 'Shepherd dogs reach adulthood.', 5: 'Sparks fly when metal shoes strike rocks.'}
| 4 |
3,481 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: all gorillas eat vegetation, or some truffles have holes.', 'If all gorillas eat vegetation, then either haddock has soft mouths or steps involve reaction.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: semen moves through the urethra and comes out of the hole at the tip of the penis, or digits are fingers.', "On the condition that semen moves through the urethra and comes out of the hole at the tip of the penis, it is definitely the case that the statement that 'haddock has soft mouths' is incorrect.", "Assuming digits are fingers, we know that the statement that 'haddock has soft mouths' is incorrect.", "So long as some truffles have holes, 'vascular tissue carries nutrients' is true.", "Whenever it is true that vascular tissue carries nutrients, 'either haddock has soft mouths or steps involve reaction' is true."]
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: all gorillas eat vegetation, or some truffles have holes. If all gorillas eat vegetation, then either haddock has soft mouths or steps involve reaction. Either one or both of these statements are true: semen moves through the urethra and comes out of the hole at the tip of the penis, or digits are fingers. On the condition that semen moves through the urethra and comes out of the hole at the tip of the penis, it is definitely the case that the statement that 'haddock has soft mouths' is incorrect. Assuming digits are fingers, we know that the statement that 'haddock has soft mouths' is incorrect. So long as some truffles have holes, 'vascular tissue carries nutrients' is true. Whenever it is true that vascular tissue carries nutrients, 'either haddock has soft mouths or steps involve reaction' is true.
|
It is the case that steps involve reaction.
|
It is the case that steps involve reaction.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [4] or [5].
If [4], then (Either [1] or [0].).
If [5], then (Either [1] or [0].). [SC3-2]
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
[SC3-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [5], then [6].
If [6], then (Either [1] or [0].).
Therefore, If [5], then (Either [1] or [0].)..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (Not [1].).
If [3], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Steps involve reaction.', 1: 'Haddock has soft mouths.', 2: 'Semen moves through the urethra and comes out of the hole at the tip of the penis.', 3: 'Digits are fingers.', 4: 'All gorillas eat vegetation.', 5: 'Some truffles have holes.', 6: 'Vascular tissue carries nutrients.'}
| 4 |
3,310 |
['Should it be the case that seeds grow into seedlings, it follows that education is a partnership among students, staff, parents, and the community.', 'We know that either most Ordovician rocks are rich in fossils or either radiology is both a diagnostic and therapeutic tool or anxiety is a problem for patients because it is an unpleasant sensation.', "So long as most Ordovician rocks are rich in fossils, 'seeds grow into seedlings' is true.", 'One may reasonably assume that if either radiology is both a diagnostic and therapeutic tool or anxiety is a problem for patients because it is an unpleasant sensation, then seeds grow into seedlings.', "So long as it is a common misconception that if education is a partnership among students, staff, parents, and the community, then either steroid medicine has a bitter taste or mental illness is a serious healthcare problem, 'if boys commit suicide more often than girls, but no one is immune, then hormones can shape personality' is true.", 'Once we know it is a common misconception that if education is a partnership among students, staff, parents, and the community, then either steroid medicine has a bitter taste or mental illness is a serious healthcare problem, we also know that we know that the claim that if boys commit suicide more often than girls, but no one is immune, then hormones can shape personality is false.']
|
Should it be the case that seeds grow into seedlings, it follows that education is a partnership among students, staff, parents, and the community. We know that either most Ordovician rocks are rich in fossils or either radiology is both a diagnostic and therapeutic tool or anxiety is a problem for patients because it is an unpleasant sensation. So long as most Ordovician rocks are rich in fossils, 'seeds grow into seedlings' is true. One may reasonably assume that if either radiology is both a diagnostic and therapeutic tool or anxiety is a problem for patients because it is an unpleasant sensation, then seeds grow into seedlings. So long as it is a common misconception that if education is a partnership among students, staff, parents, and the community, then either steroid medicine has a bitter taste or mental illness is a serious healthcare problem, 'if boys commit suicide more often than girls, but no one is immune, then hormones can shape personality' is true. Once we know it is a common misconception that if education is a partnership among students, staff, parents, and the community, then either steroid medicine has a bitter taste or mental illness is a serious healthcare problem, we also know that we know that the claim that if boys commit suicide more often than girls, but no one is immune, then hormones can shape personality is false.
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: steroid medicine has a bitter taste, or mental illness is a serious healthcare problem.
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: steroid medicine has a bitter taste, or mental illness is a serious healthcare problem.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].). [SC1-1]
[2] [SC2-1]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [2], then [3].
If [3], then (Either [0] or [1].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].)..
[SC2-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [3], then (Either [0] or [1].).).), then (If [7], then [8].).
If (Not (If [3], then (Either [0] or [1].).).), then (Not (If [7], then [8].).).
Therefore, If [3], then (Either [0] or [1].)..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [4] or (Either [5] or [6].).
If [4], then [2].
If (Either [5] or [6].), then [2].
Therefore, [2].
|
{0: 'Steroid medicine has a bitter taste.', 1: 'Mental illness is a serious healthcare problem.', 2: 'Seeds grow into seedlings.', 3: 'Education is a partnership among students, staff, parents, and the community.', 4: 'Most Ordovician rocks are rich in fossils.', 5: 'Radiology is both a diagnostic and therapeutic tool.', 6: 'Anxiety is a problem for patients because it is an unpleasant sensation.', 7: 'Boys commit suicide more often than girls, but no one is immune.', 8: 'Hormones can shape personality.'}
| 4 |
3,311 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: earwigs feed on green plants and other vegetation, and do little damage indoors, or most giant anteaters use long noses.', 'When most giant anteaters use long noses is true, it follows that the claim that languages differ in what actions they consider to be reflexive does not correspond with reality.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: if pharmacology is concerned with understanding the action of drugs in the body, then cutworms can be extremely frustrating to the grower because they are difficult to detect, or if gene therapy can be very beneficial to individuals with diseases that cause themselves harm, then if earwigs feed on green plants and other vegetation, and do little damage indoors, then the claim that languages differ in what actions they consider to be reflexive does not correspond with reality.', 'It is not true that if pharmacology is concerned with understanding the action of drugs in the body, then cutworms can be extremely frustrating to the grower because they are difficult to detect.', "Once we know the statement that 'gene therapy can be very beneficial to individuals with diseases that cause themselves harm' is incorrect, we also know that courage is a virtue that is lived in actual fact.", "The statement that 'courage is a virtue that is lived in actual fact' is incorrect."]
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: earwigs feed on green plants and other vegetation, and do little damage indoors, or most giant anteaters use long noses. When most giant anteaters use long noses is true, it follows that the claim that languages differ in what actions they consider to be reflexive does not correspond with reality. Either one or both of these statements are true: if pharmacology is concerned with understanding the action of drugs in the body, then cutworms can be extremely frustrating to the grower because they are difficult to detect, or if gene therapy can be very beneficial to individuals with diseases that cause themselves harm, then if earwigs feed on green plants and other vegetation, and do little damage indoors, then the claim that languages differ in what actions they consider to be reflexive does not correspond with reality. It is not true that if pharmacology is concerned with understanding the action of drugs in the body, then cutworms can be extremely frustrating to the grower because they are difficult to detect. Once we know the statement that 'gene therapy can be very beneficial to individuals with diseases that cause themselves harm' is incorrect, we also know that courage is a virtue that is lived in actual fact. The statement that 'courage is a virtue that is lived in actual fact' is incorrect.
|
The claim that languages differ in what actions they consider to be reflexive does not correspond with reality.
|
It is not the case that most languages define sorting orders for strings expressed in their alphabet.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then (Not [0].). [SC2-1]
If [2], then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If [1], then (Not [0].).). [SC1-2]
[3] [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [1], then (Not [0].)..
[SC1-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [4], then [5].) or (If [3], then (If [1], then (Not [0].).).).
Not (If [4], then [5].).
Therefore, If [3], then (If [1], then (Not [0].).)..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [3].), then [6].
Not [6].
Therefore, [3].
|
{0: 'Languages differ in what actions they consider to be reflexive.', 1: 'Earwigs feed on green plants and other vegetation, and do little damage indoors.', 2: 'Most giant anteaters use long noses.', 3: 'Gene therapy can be very beneficial to individuals with diseases that cause themselves harm.', 4: 'Pharmacology is concerned with understanding the action of drugs in the body.', 5: 'Cutworms can be extremely frustrating to the grower because they are difficult to detect.', 6: 'Courage is a virtue that is lived in actual fact.'}
| 4 |
3,883 |
['The statement that states fLeas are the number one cause of skin disease in pets is false.', 'It is a fact that either most fish live in the deep water, just below the ocean surface or if field goals are goals, then hydrolizable tannins are toxic to ruminants.', 'On the condition that we know that the claim that if most fish live in the deep water, just below the ocean surface, then fLeas are the number one cause of skin disease in pets is false, it is definitely the case that some trees contain holes.', 'We know that the claim that some trees contain holes is false.', "So long as if field goals are goals, then hydrolizable tannins are toxic to ruminants, 'meditation is the passageway to insight, focus, awareness, and the awakening' is true.", 'Given that meditation is the passageway to insight, focus, awareness, and the awakening, it can be inferred that spikes function in attachment and entry to host cells.']
|
The statement that states fLeas are the number one cause of skin disease in pets is false. It is a fact that either most fish live in the deep water, just below the ocean surface or if field goals are goals, then hydrolizable tannins are toxic to ruminants. On the condition that we know that the claim that if most fish live in the deep water, just below the ocean surface, then fLeas are the number one cause of skin disease in pets is false, it is definitely the case that some trees contain holes. We know that the claim that some trees contain holes is false. So long as if field goals are goals, then hydrolizable tannins are toxic to ruminants, 'meditation is the passageway to insight, focus, awareness, and the awakening' is true. Given that meditation is the passageway to insight, focus, awareness, and the awakening, it can be inferred that spikes function in attachment and entry to host cells.
|
It is rational to agree that spikes function in attachment and entry to host cells.
|
The statement that 'spikes function in attachment and entry to host cells' is incorrect.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [2] or (If [3], then [4].).
If [2], then [1]. [SC2-2]
If (If [3], then [4].), then [0]. [SC3-2]
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [2], then [1].).), then [5].
Not [5].
Therefore, If [2], then [1]..
[SC3-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (If [3], then [4].), then [6].
If [6], then [0].
Therefore, If (If [3], then [4].), then [0]..
|
{0: 'Spikes function in attachment and entry to host cells.', 1: 'FLeas are the number one cause of skin disease in pets.', 2: 'Most fish live in the deep water, just below the ocean surface.', 3: 'Field goals are goals.', 4: 'Hydrolizable tannins are toxic to ruminants.', 5: 'Some trees contain holes.', 6: 'Meditation is the passageway to insight, focus, awareness, and the awakening.'}
| 4 |
3,788 |
['The claim that chromosomes disappear as chromatin becomes diffuse has no merit.', 'When energizers are registered trademarks is true, it follows that chromosomes disappear as chromatin becomes diffuse.', "So long as either appropriate cover crops provide benefits or inhalers help decrease wheezing and can help with spasmodic coughing, 'nutritional supplements can provide a front-line defence in the battle against stress' is true.", 'At least one of two things is true: either some lambs have mutation or many eukaryotes have cell walls, or either energizers are registered trademarks or either appropriate cover crops provide benefits or inhalers help decrease wheezing and can help with spasmodic coughing.', 'At least one of two things is true: stubs are where many people start editing wikipedia, or cities tend to grow, at different rates.', 'If stubs are where many people start editing wikipedia, then the claim that either some lambs have mutation or many eukaryotes have cell walls has no merit.', "Whenever it is true that cities tend to grow, at different rates, 'the claim that either some lambs have mutation or many eukaryotes have cell walls has no merit' is true."]
|
The claim that chromosomes disappear as chromatin becomes diffuse has no merit. When energizers are registered trademarks is true, it follows that chromosomes disappear as chromatin becomes diffuse. So long as either appropriate cover crops provide benefits or inhalers help decrease wheezing and can help with spasmodic coughing, 'nutritional supplements can provide a front-line defence in the battle against stress' is true. At least one of two things is true: either some lambs have mutation or many eukaryotes have cell walls, or either energizers are registered trademarks or either appropriate cover crops provide benefits or inhalers help decrease wheezing and can help with spasmodic coughing. At least one of two things is true: stubs are where many people start editing wikipedia, or cities tend to grow, at different rates. If stubs are where many people start editing wikipedia, then the claim that either some lambs have mutation or many eukaryotes have cell walls has no merit. Whenever it is true that cities tend to grow, at different rates, 'the claim that either some lambs have mutation or many eukaryotes have cell walls has no merit' is true.
|
The statement that states nutritional supplements can provide a front-line defence in the battle against stress is right.
|
Nutritional supplements have nothing to do with bladder incontinence.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [2] or (Either [3] or [4].). [SC1-2]
If [2], then [1].
If (Either [3] or [4].), then [0].
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
[SC1-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [5] or [6].) or (Either [2] or (Either [3] or [4].).).
Not (Either [5] or [6].). [SC2-3]
Therefore, Either [2] or (Either [3] or [4].)..
[SC2-3]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [7] or [8].
If [7], then (Not (Either [5] or [6].).).
If [8], then (Not (Either [5] or [6].).).
Therefore, Not (Either [5] or [6].)..
|
{0: 'Nutritional supplements can provide a front-line defence in the battle against stress.', 1: 'Chromosomes disappear as chromatin becomes diffuse.', 2: 'Energizers are registered trademarks.', 3: 'Appropriate cover crops provide benefits.', 4: 'Inhalers help decrease wheezing and can help with spasmodic coughing.', 5: 'Some lambs have mutation.', 6: 'Many eukaryotes have cell walls.', 7: 'Stubs are where many people start editing wikipedia.', 8: 'Cities tend to grow, at different rates.'}
| 4 |
3,045 |
['Assuming either neural networks bring objectivity and discipline to bear on previously ignored information or hotels have (part) staircases, we know that either public libraries tend to be quiet places where study is encouraged or pastures Fall armyworms continue to cause problems in pastures and are occurring in large numbers.', 'Assuming it is not the case that either regions experience eclipse or either neural networks bring objectivity and discipline to bear on previously ignored information or hotels have (part) staircases, we know that specialists take other resources.', "Once we know it is not the case that either regions experience eclipse or either neural networks bring objectivity and discipline to bear on previously ignored information or hotels have (part) staircases, we also know that the statement 'specialists take other resources' can be considered false.", 'On the condition that regions experience eclipse, it is definitely the case that if moles are active year round and make regular use of their tunnels, then carbon monoxide is the primary danger, and has a cumulative effect in the human system.', "Once we know the statement 'if if moles are active year round and make regular use of their tunnels, then carbon monoxide is the primary danger, and has a cumulative effect in the human system, then either public libraries tend to be quiet places where study is encouraged or pastures Fall armyworms continue to cause problems in pastures and are occurring in large numbers' can be considered false, we also know that tree squirrels live in woodlands and forests in both arid and humid environments.", "Assuming the statement 'if if moles are active year round and make regular use of their tunnels, then carbon monoxide is the primary danger, and has a cumulative effect in the human system, then either public libraries tend to be quiet places where study is encouraged or pastures Fall armyworms continue to cause problems in pastures and are occurring in large numbers' can be considered false, we know that the statement 'tree squirrels live in woodlands and forests in both arid and humid environments' can be considered false."]
|
Assuming either neural networks bring objectivity and discipline to bear on previously ignored information or hotels have (part) staircases, we know that either public libraries tend to be quiet places where study is encouraged or pastures Fall armyworms continue to cause problems in pastures and are occurring in large numbers. Assuming it is not the case that either regions experience eclipse or either neural networks bring objectivity and discipline to bear on previously ignored information or hotels have (part) staircases, we know that specialists take other resources. Once we know it is not the case that either regions experience eclipse or either neural networks bring objectivity and discipline to bear on previously ignored information or hotels have (part) staircases, we also know that the statement 'specialists take other resources' can be considered false. On the condition that regions experience eclipse, it is definitely the case that if moles are active year round and make regular use of their tunnels, then carbon monoxide is the primary danger, and has a cumulative effect in the human system. Once we know the statement 'if if moles are active year round and make regular use of their tunnels, then carbon monoxide is the primary danger, and has a cumulative effect in the human system, then either public libraries tend to be quiet places where study is encouraged or pastures Fall armyworms continue to cause problems in pastures and are occurring in large numbers' can be considered false, we also know that tree squirrels live in woodlands and forests in both arid and humid environments. Assuming the statement 'if if moles are active year round and make regular use of their tunnels, then carbon monoxide is the primary danger, and has a cumulative effect in the human system, then either public libraries tend to be quiet places where study is encouraged or pastures Fall armyworms continue to cause problems in pastures and are occurring in large numbers' can be considered false, we know that the statement 'tree squirrels live in woodlands and forests in both arid and humid environments' can be considered false.
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: public libraries tend to be quiet places where study is encouraged, or pastures Fall armyworms continue to cause problems in pastures and are occurring in large numbers.
|
It is a fact that either public libraries are libraries or pasture isa grassland.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or (Either [3] or [4].). [SC1-1]
If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].). [SC2-1]
If (Either [3] or [4].), then (Either [0] or [1].).
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [2] or (Either [3] or [4].).).), then [5].
If (Not (Either [2] or (Either [3] or [4].).).), then (Not [5].).
Therefore, Either [2] or (Either [3] or [4].)..
[SC2-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [2], then (If [6], then [7].).
If (If [6], then [7].), then (Either [0] or [1].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].)..
[SC2-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (If [6], then [7].), then (Either [0] or [1].).).), then [8].
If (Not (If (If [6], then [7].), then (Either [0] or [1].).).), then (Not [8].).
Therefore, If (If [6], then [7].), then (Either [0] or [1].)..
|
{0: 'Public libraries tend to be quiet places where study is encouraged.', 1: 'Pastures Fall armyworms continue to cause problems in pastures and are occurring in large numbers.', 2: 'Regions experience eclipse.', 3: 'Neural networks bring objectivity and discipline to bear on previously ignored information.', 4: 'Hotels have (part) staircases.', 5: 'Specialists take other resources.', 6: 'Moles are active year round and make regular use of their tunnels.', 7: 'Carbon monoxide is the primary danger, and has a cumulative effect in the human system.', 8: 'Tree squirrels live in woodlands and forests in both arid and humid environments.'}
| 4 |
3,103 |
['One may reasonably assume that if some young nymph has antennas, then champions begin games.', 'We know that either defibrillation is the only way to solve cardiac arrest or gloves can puncture during use, and some dental materials increase glove porosity.', 'Provided that defibrillation is the only way to solve cardiac arrest, we know that either some young nymph has antennas or inheritance is a convenient way of producing polymorphic functions.', 'Given that gloves can puncture during use, and some dental materials increase glove porosity, it can be inferred that either some young nymph has antennas or inheritance is a convenient way of producing polymorphic functions.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: tektites are a special type of glassy meteorite, or if inheritance is a convenient way of producing polymorphic functions, then champions begin games.', 'If many states have laws regarding the safety of children in automobiles, then the statement that states tektites are a special type of glassy meteorite is false.', 'The statement that states many states have laws regarding the safety of children in automobiles is right.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if some young nymph has antennas, then champions begin games. We know that either defibrillation is the only way to solve cardiac arrest or gloves can puncture during use, and some dental materials increase glove porosity. Provided that defibrillation is the only way to solve cardiac arrest, we know that either some young nymph has antennas or inheritance is a convenient way of producing polymorphic functions. Given that gloves can puncture during use, and some dental materials increase glove porosity, it can be inferred that either some young nymph has antennas or inheritance is a convenient way of producing polymorphic functions. Either one or both of these statements are true: tektites are a special type of glassy meteorite, or if inheritance is a convenient way of producing polymorphic functions, then champions begin games. If many states have laws regarding the safety of children in automobiles, then the statement that states tektites are a special type of glassy meteorite is false. The statement that states many states have laws regarding the safety of children in automobiles is right.
|
The statement 'champions begin games' can be considered true.
|
The statement 'champions begin games' can be considered true.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [4] or [5].
If [4], then (Either [1] or [2].).
If [5], then (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
[SC3-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (If [2], then [0].).
Not [3]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [2], then [0]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [6], then (Not [3].).
[6]
Therefore, Not [3]..
|
{0: 'Champions begin games.', 1: 'Some young nymph has antennas.', 2: 'Inheritance is a convenient way of producing polymorphic functions.', 3: 'Tektites are a special type of glassy meteorite.', 4: 'Defibrillation is the only way to solve cardiac arrest.', 5: 'Gloves can puncture during use, and some dental materials increase glove porosity.', 6: 'Many states have laws regarding the safety of children in automobiles.'}
| 4 |
3,760 |
['Assuming we know that the claim that either crayfishs are crustaceans or either pollutants contain tiny particles or enfilade fire is gunfire is false, we know that it is not true that greek organizations are prevalent in American government as well.', 'Given that christian Parents Contend with autism, it can be inferred that the statement, crayfishs are crustaceans, does not hold.', 'It is fair to say that christian Parents Contend with autism.', 'There is good reason to believe that either enzymes bind their substrates at what is called the active site or aerobic bacteria require oxygen for metabolism and efficiently destroy the coolant.', 'Provided that enzymes bind their substrates at what is called the active site, we know that if we know that the claim that either crayfishs are crustaceans or either pollutants contain tiny particles or enfilade fire is gunfire is false, then greek organizations are prevalent in American government as well.', 'Once we know aerobic bacteria require oxygen for metabolism and efficiently destroy the coolant, we also know that if we know that the claim that either crayfishs are crustaceans or either pollutants contain tiny particles or enfilade fire is gunfire is false, then greek organizations are prevalent in American government as well.']
|
Assuming we know that the claim that either crayfishs are crustaceans or either pollutants contain tiny particles or enfilade fire is gunfire is false, we know that it is not true that greek organizations are prevalent in American government as well. Given that christian Parents Contend with autism, it can be inferred that the statement, crayfishs are crustaceans, does not hold. It is fair to say that christian Parents Contend with autism. There is good reason to believe that either enzymes bind their substrates at what is called the active site or aerobic bacteria require oxygen for metabolism and efficiently destroy the coolant. Provided that enzymes bind their substrates at what is called the active site, we know that if we know that the claim that either crayfishs are crustaceans or either pollutants contain tiny particles or enfilade fire is gunfire is false, then greek organizations are prevalent in American government as well. Once we know aerobic bacteria require oxygen for metabolism and efficiently destroy the coolant, we also know that if we know that the claim that either crayfishs are crustaceans or either pollutants contain tiny particles or enfilade fire is gunfire is false, then greek organizations are prevalent in American government as well.
|
Either pollutants contain tiny particles or enfilade fire is gunfire.
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: pollutants have impact, or enfilade fire is gunfire.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Either [0] or [1].). [SC1-1]
Not [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [2] or (Either [0] or [1].).).), then [4]. [SC1-2]
If (Not (Either [2] or (Either [0] or [1].).).), then (Not [4].).
Therefore, Either [2] or (Either [0] or [1].)..
[SC1-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [5] or [6].
If [5], then (If (Not (Either [2] or (Either [0] or [1].).).), then [4].).
If [6], then (If (Not (Either [2] or (Either [0] or [1].).).), then [4].).
Therefore, If (Not (Either [2] or (Either [0] or [1].).).), then [4]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (Not [2].).
[3]
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Pollutants contain tiny particles.', 1: 'Enfilade fire is gunfire.', 2: 'Crayfishs are crustaceans.', 3: 'Christian Parents Contend with autism.', 4: 'Greek organizations are prevalent in American government as well.', 5: 'Enzymes bind their substrates at what is called the active site.', 6: 'Aerobic bacteria require oxygen for metabolism and efficiently destroy the coolant.'}
| 4 |
3,001 |
["The notion that 'all birds have keen vision' is untrue.", 'On the condition that most hot climates experience frequent drought, it is definitely the case that all birds have keen vision.', 'If the claim that either most hot climates experience frequent drought or fluorescence are very suitable for small seedlings or clones does not reflect reality, then either peptides are the long chains of amino acid residues that make up a protein subunit or front propagation is an important phenomenon in a wide range of problems.', 'Once we know the claim that either most hot climates experience frequent drought or fluorescence are very suitable for small seedlings or clones does not reflect reality, we also know that the statement that states either peptides are the long chains of amino acid residues that make up a protein subunit or front propagation is an important phenomenon in a wide range of problems is false.', 'It is a fact that either leadership is about empowering others to reach their full potential or death has impact.', "Whenever it is true that leadership is about empowering others to reach their full potential, 'if fluorescence are very suitable for small seedlings or clones, then most wasps have many similarity' is true.", 'One may reasonably assume that if death has impact, then if fluorescence are very suitable for small seedlings or clones, then most wasps have many similarity.']
|
The notion that 'all birds have keen vision' is untrue. On the condition that most hot climates experience frequent drought, it is definitely the case that all birds have keen vision. If the claim that either most hot climates experience frequent drought or fluorescence are very suitable for small seedlings or clones does not reflect reality, then either peptides are the long chains of amino acid residues that make up a protein subunit or front propagation is an important phenomenon in a wide range of problems. Once we know the claim that either most hot climates experience frequent drought or fluorescence are very suitable for small seedlings or clones does not reflect reality, we also know that the statement that states either peptides are the long chains of amino acid residues that make up a protein subunit or front propagation is an important phenomenon in a wide range of problems is false. It is a fact that either leadership is about empowering others to reach their full potential or death has impact. Whenever it is true that leadership is about empowering others to reach their full potential, 'if fluorescence are very suitable for small seedlings or clones, then most wasps have many similarity' is true. One may reasonably assume that if death has impact, then if fluorescence are very suitable for small seedlings or clones, then most wasps have many similarity.
|
It is reasonable to believe that most wasps have many similarity.
|
The claim that most wasps have many similarity does not correspond with reality.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [2] or [3]. [SC1-2]
If [2], then [1].
If [3], then [0]. [SC3-2]
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
[SC1-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [2] or [3].).), then (Either [4] or [5].).
If (Not (Either [2] or [3].).), then (Not (Either [4] or [5].).).
Therefore, Either [2] or [3]..
[SC3-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [6] or [7].
If [6], then (If [3], then [0].).
If [7], then (If [3], then [0].).
Therefore, If [3], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Most wasps have many similarity.', 1: 'All birds have keen vision.', 2: 'Most hot climates experience frequent drought.', 3: 'Fluorescence are very suitable for small seedlings or clones.', 4: 'Peptides are the long chains of amino acid residues that make up a protein subunit.', 5: 'Front propagation is an important phenomenon in a wide range of problems.', 6: 'Leadership is about empowering others to reach their full potential.', 7: 'Death has impact.'}
| 4 |
3,823 |
['Should it be the case that the claim that most sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll does not correspond with reality, it follows that if exercise also decreases the chemicals in the body that trigger hunger pains, then enzymes help dying tissue to digest itself.', "Whenever it is true that if students are located in desks, then hematite continues to be one of the most important pigment minerals, 'it is a common misconception that if exercise also decreases the chemicals in the body that trigger hunger pains, then enzymes help dying tissue to digest itself' is true.", "Whenever it is true that many biologists believe man-induced changes in habitat tipped the scales in favour of the raccoon, 'it is a common misconception that if exercise also decreases the chemicals in the body that trigger hunger pains, then enzymes help dying tissue to digest itself' is true.", 'It is a fact that either most beavers have transparent eyelids or either if students are located in desks, then hematite continues to be one of the most important pigment minerals or many biologists believe man-induced changes in habitat tipped the scales in favour of the raccoon.', "So long as pigs are highly trainable animals, 'some people mistakenly believe that most beavers have transparent eyelids' is true.", 'It is the case that pigs are highly trainable animals.']
|
Should it be the case that the claim that most sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll does not correspond with reality, it follows that if exercise also decreases the chemicals in the body that trigger hunger pains, then enzymes help dying tissue to digest itself. Whenever it is true that if students are located in desks, then hematite continues to be one of the most important pigment minerals, 'it is a common misconception that if exercise also decreases the chemicals in the body that trigger hunger pains, then enzymes help dying tissue to digest itself' is true. Whenever it is true that many biologists believe man-induced changes in habitat tipped the scales in favour of the raccoon, 'it is a common misconception that if exercise also decreases the chemicals in the body that trigger hunger pains, then enzymes help dying tissue to digest itself' is true. It is a fact that either most beavers have transparent eyelids or either if students are located in desks, then hematite continues to be one of the most important pigment minerals or many biologists believe man-induced changes in habitat tipped the scales in favour of the raccoon. So long as pigs are highly trainable animals, 'some people mistakenly believe that most beavers have transparent eyelids' is true. It is the case that pigs are highly trainable animals.
|
The statement 'most sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll' is true.
|
Sunlight is a powerful disinfectant.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].).
Not (If [1], then [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [3], then [4].) or [5]. [SC1-2]
If (If [3], then [4].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).
If [5], then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).
Therefore, Not (If [1], then [2].)..
[SC1-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [6] or (Either (If [3], then [4].) or [5].).
Not [6]. [SC2-3]
Therefore, Either (If [3], then [4].) or [5]..
[SC2-3]
Modus Ponens:
If [7], then (Not [6].).
[7]
Therefore, Not [6]..
|
{0: 'Most sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll.', 1: 'Exercise also decreases the chemicals in the body that trigger hunger pains.', 2: 'Enzymes help dying tissue to digest itself.', 3: 'Students are located in desks.', 4: 'Hematite continues to be one of the most important pigment minerals.', 5: 'Many biologists believe man-induced changes in habitat tipped the scales in favour of the raccoon.', 6: 'Most beavers have transparent eyelids.', 7: 'Pigs are highly trainable animals.'}
| 4 |
3,710 |
['One may reasonably assume that if if bipolar disorder tends to run in families and is believed to be inherited in many cases, then anoles change color, then either doctors often advise against powders containing cornstarch because it can promote fungal growth or terms are time periods.', 'Provided that bipolar disorder tends to run in families and is believed to be inherited in many cases, we know that digestion reduces the complex carbohydrates to simple sugars, which act as fuel in our body.', "Whenever it is true that either goldfinches love to nest and live year-round in large, colorful and often fragrant rose brambles or characteristics contribute to quality, 'anoles change color' is true.", 'Provided that some birds have muscle paralysis, we know that if digestion reduces the complex carbohydrates to simple sugars, which act as fuel in our body, then either goldfinches love to nest and live year-round in large, colorful and often fragrant rose brambles or characteristics contribute to quality.', 'It is a simple truth that some birds have muscle paralysis.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if if bipolar disorder tends to run in families and is believed to be inherited in many cases, then anoles change color, then either doctors often advise against powders containing cornstarch because it can promote fungal growth or terms are time periods. Provided that bipolar disorder tends to run in families and is believed to be inherited in many cases, we know that digestion reduces the complex carbohydrates to simple sugars, which act as fuel in our body. Whenever it is true that either goldfinches love to nest and live year-round in large, colorful and often fragrant rose brambles or characteristics contribute to quality, 'anoles change color' is true. Provided that some birds have muscle paralysis, we know that if digestion reduces the complex carbohydrates to simple sugars, which act as fuel in our body, then either goldfinches love to nest and live year-round in large, colorful and often fragrant rose brambles or characteristics contribute to quality. It is a simple truth that some birds have muscle paralysis.
|
Either doctors often advise against powders containing cornstarch because it can promote fungal growth or terms are time periods.
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: doctors recommend that women optimize their intake of folic acid several months prior to pregnancy, or terms represent concepts, or states of concepts.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If (If [2], then [3].), then (Either [0] or [1].).
If [2], then [3]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC2-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [2], then [4].
If [4], then [3]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [2], then [3]..
[SC2-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [4], then (Either [5] or [6].). [SC1-3]
If (Either [5] or [6].), then [3].
Therefore, If [4], then [3]..
[SC1-3]
Modus Ponens:
If [7], then (If [4], then (Either [5] or [6].).).
[7]
Therefore, If [4], then (Either [5] or [6].)..
|
{0: 'Doctors often advise against powders containing cornstarch because it can promote fungal growth.', 1: 'Terms are time periods.', 2: 'Bipolar disorder tends to run in families and is believed to be inherited in many cases.', 3: 'Anoles change color.', 4: 'Digestion reduces the complex carbohydrates to simple sugars, which act as fuel in our body.', 5: 'Goldfinches love to nest and live year-round in large, colorful and often fragrant rose brambles.', 6: 'Characteristics contribute to quality.', 7: 'Some birds have muscle paralysis.'}
| 4 |
3,614 |
['Given that rats are good at auditory tasks, pigeons at visual tasks, it can be inferred that it is a common misconception that most flycatchers occupy ranges.', 'The claim that people inhale air is false.', 'It is a common misconception that proactive personality scales as a predictor of entrepreneurial intentions.', 'It is a fact that either margarines are mixture or most bones consist of tissue.', 'If margarines are mixture, then if the claim that if the claim that rats are good at auditory tasks, pigeons at visual tasks does not correspond with reality, then people inhale air does not reflect reality, then proactive personality scales as a predictor of entrepreneurial intentions.', 'When most bones consist of tissue is true, it follows that if the claim that if the claim that rats are good at auditory tasks, pigeons at visual tasks does not correspond with reality, then people inhale air does not reflect reality, then proactive personality scales as a predictor of entrepreneurial intentions.']
|
Given that rats are good at auditory tasks, pigeons at visual tasks, it can be inferred that it is a common misconception that most flycatchers occupy ranges. The claim that people inhale air is false. It is a common misconception that proactive personality scales as a predictor of entrepreneurial intentions. It is a fact that either margarines are mixture or most bones consist of tissue. If margarines are mixture, then if the claim that if the claim that rats are good at auditory tasks, pigeons at visual tasks does not correspond with reality, then people inhale air does not reflect reality, then proactive personality scales as a predictor of entrepreneurial intentions. When most bones consist of tissue is true, it follows that if the claim that if the claim that rats are good at auditory tasks, pigeons at visual tasks does not correspond with reality, then people inhale air does not reflect reality, then proactive personality scales as a predictor of entrepreneurial intentions.
|
It is a common misconception that most flycatchers occupy ranges.
|
The claim that flycatchers have (part) sections has no merit.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].).
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [1].), then [2]. [SC1-2]
Not [2].
Therefore, [1].
[SC1-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not [1].), then [2].).), then [3]. [SC1-3]
Not [3].
Therefore, If (Not [1].), then [2]..
[SC1-3]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [4] or [5].
If [4], then (If (Not (If (Not [1].), then [2].).), then [3].).
If [5], then (If (Not (If (Not [1].), then [2].).), then [3].).
Therefore, If (Not (If (Not [1].), then [2].).), then [3]..
|
{0: 'Most flycatchers occupy ranges.', 1: 'Rats are good at auditory tasks, pigeons at visual tasks.', 2: 'People inhale air.', 3: 'Proactive personality scales as a predictor of entrepreneurial intentions.', 4: 'Margarines are mixture.', 5: 'Most bones consist of tissue.'}
| 4 |
3,790 |
['Either acute toxicity refers to toxicity that has a short duration or strontium is metal.', "So long as acute toxicity refers to toxicity that has a short duration, 'radiation can destroy saliva glands, as well as blood vessels and bones in the mouth and jaw' is true.", 'Either most garden plants attract such pollinators or most hurricanes follow a similar cycle of development, called a hurricane life cycle.', "Given that most garden plants attract such pollinators, it can be inferred that if acute toxicity refers to toxicity that has a short duration, then the statement that 'radiation can destroy saliva glands, as well as blood vessels and bones in the mouth and jaw' is incorrect.", "Provided that harmony allows people to live in the world from a deep, inner joy and wisdom, we know that if most hurricanes follow a similar cycle of development, called a hurricane life cycle, then if acute toxicity refers to toxicity that has a short duration, then the statement that 'radiation can destroy saliva glands, as well as blood vessels and bones in the mouth and jaw' is incorrect.", 'It is a simple truth that harmony allows people to live in the world from a deep, inner joy and wisdom.']
|
Either acute toxicity refers to toxicity that has a short duration or strontium is metal. So long as acute toxicity refers to toxicity that has a short duration, 'radiation can destroy saliva glands, as well as blood vessels and bones in the mouth and jaw' is true. Either most garden plants attract such pollinators or most hurricanes follow a similar cycle of development, called a hurricane life cycle. Given that most garden plants attract such pollinators, it can be inferred that if acute toxicity refers to toxicity that has a short duration, then the statement that 'radiation can destroy saliva glands, as well as blood vessels and bones in the mouth and jaw' is incorrect. Provided that harmony allows people to live in the world from a deep, inner joy and wisdom, we know that if most hurricanes follow a similar cycle of development, called a hurricane life cycle, then if acute toxicity refers to toxicity that has a short duration, then the statement that 'radiation can destroy saliva glands, as well as blood vessels and bones in the mouth and jaw' is incorrect. It is a simple truth that harmony allows people to live in the world from a deep, inner joy and wisdom.
|
It is true that strontium is metal.
|
The claim that strontium is metal is false.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [1], then [2].
If [1], then (Not [2].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
[SC2-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (If [1], then (Not [2].).).
If [4], then (If [1], then (Not [2].).). [SC3-3]
Therefore, If [1], then (Not [2].)..
[SC3-3]
Modus Ponens:
If [5], then (If [4], then (If [1], then (Not [2].).).).
[5]
Therefore, If [4], then (If [1], then (Not [2].).)..
|
{0: 'Strontium is metal.', 1: 'Acute toxicity refers to toxicity that has a short duration.', 2: 'Radiation can destroy saliva glands, as well as blood vessels and bones in the mouth and jaw.', 3: 'Most garden plants attract such pollinators.', 4: 'Most hurricanes follow a similar cycle of development, called a hurricane life cycle.', 5: 'Harmony allows people to live in the world from a deep, inner joy and wisdom.'}
| 4 |
3,408 |
["One may reasonably assume that if the statement that 'if the statement that states federal law mandates the public be protected from hazardous products is false, then lipsticks have (part) sections' is incorrect, then mammoths are located in tundra.", 'The claim that mammoths are located in tundra does not correspond with reality.', 'It is not true that cookbooks have (part) cartoons.', "Whenever it is true that beaded ropes have little plastic segments as opposed to one piece of material, 'either cookbooks have (part) cartoons or we know that the claim that lipsticks have (part) sections is false' is true.", 'It is true that beaded ropes have little plastic segments as opposed to one piece of material.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if the statement that 'if the statement that states federal law mandates the public be protected from hazardous products is false, then lipsticks have (part) sections' is incorrect, then mammoths are located in tundra. The claim that mammoths are located in tundra does not correspond with reality. It is not true that cookbooks have (part) cartoons. Whenever it is true that beaded ropes have little plastic segments as opposed to one piece of material, 'either cookbooks have (part) cartoons or we know that the claim that lipsticks have (part) sections is false' is true. It is true that beaded ropes have little plastic segments as opposed to one piece of material.
|
The idea that federal law mandates the public be protected from hazardous products is true.
|
The statement that states federal law mandates the public be protected from hazardous products is false.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Not [1].). [SC1-2]
Not [2].
Therefore, Not [1]..
[SC1-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (Either [2] or (Not [1].).).
[4]
Therefore, Either [2] or (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Federal law mandates the public be protected from hazardous products.', 1: 'Lipsticks have (part) sections.', 2: 'Cookbooks have (part) cartoons.', 3: 'Mammoths are located in tundra.', 4: 'Beaded ropes have little plastic segments as opposed to one piece of material.'}
| 4 |
3,736 |
['Assuming the statement, if blue is color, then most dust contains rodent excretion, does not hold, we know that most blood sugar causes excretion.', 'The statement, most blood sugar causes excretion, does not hold.', 'If historic manuscripts are often in better condition than documents on modern paper, then if blue is color, then the claim that most dust contains rodent excretion does not correspond with reality.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: law enforcement is of the opinion that someone is dragging their feet, or animal manure has benefits.', 'Provided that law enforcement is of the opinion that someone is dragging their feet, we know that historic manuscripts are often in better condition than documents on modern paper.', 'Assuming animal manure has benefits, we know that historic manuscripts are often in better condition than documents on modern paper.']
|
Assuming the statement, if blue is color, then most dust contains rodent excretion, does not hold, we know that most blood sugar causes excretion. The statement, most blood sugar causes excretion, does not hold. If historic manuscripts are often in better condition than documents on modern paper, then if blue is color, then the claim that most dust contains rodent excretion does not correspond with reality. Either one or both of these statements are true: law enforcement is of the opinion that someone is dragging their feet, or animal manure has benefits. Provided that law enforcement is of the opinion that someone is dragging their feet, we know that historic manuscripts are often in better condition than documents on modern paper. Assuming animal manure has benefits, we know that historic manuscripts are often in better condition than documents on modern paper.
|
The claim that blue is color does not correspond with reality.
|
The claim that blue is color does not correspond with reality.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
If [0], then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If [0], then (Not [1].).).
[3] [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [0], then (Not [1].)..
[SC2-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [4] or [5].
If [4], then [3].
If [5], then [3].
Therefore, [3].
|
{0: 'Blue is color.', 1: 'Most dust contains rodent excretion.', 2: 'Most blood sugar causes excretion.', 3: 'Historic manuscripts are often in better condition than documents on modern paper.', 4: 'Law enforcement is of the opinion that someone is dragging their feet.', 5: 'Animal manure has benefits.'}
| 4 |
3,957 |
['If plants range from smaller than a dime in diameter to about fifty-cent piece size, then sesame oil is to Korean dishes what olive oil is to Italian dishes.', 'On the condition that habitats need protection, it is definitely the case that hamadryas males have both relatively and absolutely smaller testicles than do anubis males.', 'It is the case that habitats need protection.', 'It is rational to believe that either individualism emphasises self interest and promotes the self-realisation of talent and potential or if hamadryas males have both relatively and absolutely smaller testicles than do anubis males, then plants range from smaller than a dime in diameter to about fifty-cent piece size.', 'Some people mistakenly believe that individualism emphasises self interest and promotes the self-realisation of talent and potential.']
|
If plants range from smaller than a dime in diameter to about fifty-cent piece size, then sesame oil is to Korean dishes what olive oil is to Italian dishes. On the condition that habitats need protection, it is definitely the case that hamadryas males have both relatively and absolutely smaller testicles than do anubis males. It is the case that habitats need protection. It is rational to believe that either individualism emphasises self interest and promotes the self-realisation of talent and potential or if hamadryas males have both relatively and absolutely smaller testicles than do anubis males, then plants range from smaller than a dime in diameter to about fifty-cent piece size. Some people mistakenly believe that individualism emphasises self interest and promotes the self-realisation of talent and potential.
|
It is rational to agree that sesame oil is to Korean dishes what olive oil is to Italian dishes.
|
It is rational to agree that sesame oil is to Korean dishes what olive oil is to Italian dishes.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [1], then [2]. [SC1-2]
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC1-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [4] or (If [1], then [2].).
Not [4].
Therefore, If [1], then [2]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then [1].
[3]
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Sesame oil is to Korean dishes what olive oil is to Italian dishes.', 1: 'Hamadryas males have both relatively and absolutely smaller testicles than do anubis males.', 2: 'Plants range from smaller than a dime in diameter to about fifty-cent piece size.', 3: 'Habitats need protection.', 4: 'Individualism emphasises self interest and promotes the self-realisation of talent and potential.'}
| 4 |
3,366 |
['Should it be the case that those that suggest either news is located in newspapers or either neurotransmitters exert their effects by binding to specific receptors sites on nerves or reptiles are animals like snakes and turtles are wrong, it follows that photosynthesis is the first stage of energy flow through an ecosystem.', 'The statement that states photosynthesis is the first stage of energy flow through an ecosystem is false.', 'When heavy consumption can cause anxiety, dizziness, insomnia, and heart palpitations is true, it follows that if news is located in newspapers, then donkeys also come in a variety of colors, including black, white, brown, grey and even pink.', 'heavy consumption can cause anxiety, dizziness, insomnia, and heart palpitations.', "So long as either neurotransmitters exert their effects by binding to specific receptors sites on nerves or reptiles are animals like snakes and turtles, 'either legal opinion is an instrument or food safety is an issue that needs the attention of everyone involved in the food system' is true.", 'When either legal opinion is an instrument or food safety is an issue that needs the attention of everyone involved in the food system is true, it follows that donkeys also come in a variety of colors, including black, white, brown, grey and even pink.']
|
Should it be the case that those that suggest either news is located in newspapers or either neurotransmitters exert their effects by binding to specific receptors sites on nerves or reptiles are animals like snakes and turtles are wrong, it follows that photosynthesis is the first stage of energy flow through an ecosystem. The statement that states photosynthesis is the first stage of energy flow through an ecosystem is false. When heavy consumption can cause anxiety, dizziness, insomnia, and heart palpitations is true, it follows that if news is located in newspapers, then donkeys also come in a variety of colors, including black, white, brown, grey and even pink. heavy consumption can cause anxiety, dizziness, insomnia, and heart palpitations. So long as either neurotransmitters exert their effects by binding to specific receptors sites on nerves or reptiles are animals like snakes and turtles, 'either legal opinion is an instrument or food safety is an issue that needs the attention of everyone involved in the food system' is true. When either legal opinion is an instrument or food safety is an issue that needs the attention of everyone involved in the food system is true, it follows that donkeys also come in a variety of colors, including black, white, brown, grey and even pink.
|
It is fair to say that donkeys also come in a variety of colors, including black, white, brown, grey and even pink.
|
It is fair to say that donkeys also come in a variety of colors, including black, white, brown, grey and even pink.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].). [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If (Either [2] or [3].), then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].).).), then [7].
Not [7].
Therefore, Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].)..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [6], then (If [1], then [0].).
[6]
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC3-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Either [2] or [3].), then (Either [4] or [5].).
If (Either [4] or [5].), then [0].
Therefore, If (Either [2] or [3].), then [0]..
|
{0: 'Donkeys also come in a variety of colors, including black, white, brown, grey and even pink.', 1: 'News is located in newspapers.', 2: 'Neurotransmitters exert their effects by binding to specific receptors sites on nerves.', 3: 'Reptiles are animals like snakes and turtles.', 4: 'Legal opinion is an instrument.', 5: 'Food safety is an issue that needs the attention of everyone involved in the food system.', 6: 'Heavy consumption can cause anxiety, dizziness, insomnia, and heart palpitations.', 7: 'Photosynthesis is the first stage of energy flow through an ecosystem.'}
| 4 |
3,918 |
["So long as aLL intact proteins have the potential to be allergens, 'if an information science is science, then misers are play' is true.", 'aLL intact proteins have the potential to be allergens.', 'There is good reason to believe that either most dogs have abdomens or an information science is science.', 'Should it be the case that most dogs have abdomens, it follows that huckleberries have (part) cytoplasm.', 'The claim that huckleberries have (part) cytoplasm has no merit.']
|
So long as aLL intact proteins have the potential to be allergens, 'if an information science is science, then misers are play' is true. aLL intact proteins have the potential to be allergens. There is good reason to believe that either most dogs have abdomens or an information science is science. Should it be the case that most dogs have abdomens, it follows that huckleberries have (part) cytoplasm. The claim that huckleberries have (part) cytoplasm has no merit.
|
It is fair to say that misers are play.
|
It is fair to say that misers are play.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If [1], then [0].).
[2]
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or [1].
Not [3]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, [1].
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If [3], then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, Not [3]..
|
{0: 'Misers are play.', 1: 'An information science is science.', 2: 'ALL intact proteins have the potential to be allergens.', 3: 'Most dogs have abdomens.', 4: 'Huckleberries have (part) cytoplasm.'}
| 4 |
3,267 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: if forgiveness is the most powerful element of love, then specialists have (part) necks, or water is sticky .', 'Provided that if forgiveness is the most powerful element of love, then specialists have (part) necks, we know that culture consists of the creative products of human beings.', 'If water is sticky , then most fish have backbones.', 'At least one of two things is true: raptors Learn what raptors are, or folic acid can reduce a group of birth defects called neural tube defects.', 'Given that raptors Learn what raptors are, it can be inferred that if culture consists of the creative products of human beings, then if hot water is heavier than cold, then money means working and working means lost time and lost time means less life.', 'One may reasonably assume that if folic acid can reduce a group of birth defects called neural tube defects, then if culture consists of the creative products of human beings, then if hot water is heavier than cold, then money means working and working means lost time and lost time means less life.', 'Should it be the case that the claim that if most fish have backbones, then if hot water is heavier than cold, then money means working and working means lost time and lost time means less life does not correspond with reality, it follows that if animals include pigs, then jewellery has values.', 'We know that the claim that if animals include pigs, then jewellery has values is false.']
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: if forgiveness is the most powerful element of love, then specialists have (part) necks, or water is sticky . Provided that if forgiveness is the most powerful element of love, then specialists have (part) necks, we know that culture consists of the creative products of human beings. If water is sticky , then most fish have backbones. At least one of two things is true: raptors Learn what raptors are, or folic acid can reduce a group of birth defects called neural tube defects. Given that raptors Learn what raptors are, it can be inferred that if culture consists of the creative products of human beings, then if hot water is heavier than cold, then money means working and working means lost time and lost time means less life. One may reasonably assume that if folic acid can reduce a group of birth defects called neural tube defects, then if culture consists of the creative products of human beings, then if hot water is heavier than cold, then money means working and working means lost time and lost time means less life. Should it be the case that the claim that if most fish have backbones, then if hot water is heavier than cold, then money means working and working means lost time and lost time means less life does not correspond with reality, it follows that if animals include pigs, then jewellery has values. We know that the claim that if animals include pigs, then jewellery has values is false.
|
Should it be the case that hot water is heavier than cold, it follows that money means working and working means lost time and lost time means less life.
|
Provided that hot water can cause severe burns instantly, we know that money means working and working means lost time and lost time means less life
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3]. [SC1-1]
If [2], then (If [0], then [1].). [SC2-1]
If [3], then (If [0], then [1].). [SC3-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either (If [8], then [9].) or [10].
If (If [8], then [9].), then [2].
If [10], then [3].
Therefore, Either [2] or [3]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [6] or [7].
If [6], then (If [2], then (If [0], then [1].).).
If [7], then (If [2], then (If [0], then [1].).).
Therefore, If [2], then (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC3-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [3], then (If [0], then [1].).).), then (If [4], then [5].).
Not (If [4], then [5].).
Therefore, If [3], then (If [0], then [1].)..
|
{0: 'Hot water is heavier than cold.', 1: 'Money means working and working means lost time and lost time means less life.', 2: 'Culture consists of the creative products of human beings.', 3: 'Most fish have backbones.', 4: 'Animals include pigs.', 5: 'Jewellery has values.', 6: 'Raptors Learn what raptors are.', 7: 'Folic acid can reduce a group of birth defects called neural tube defects.', 8: 'Forgiveness is the most powerful element of love.', 9: 'Specialists have (part) necks.', 10: 'Water is sticky .'}
| 4 |
3,230 |
['Once we know goats are descended from wild goats, we also know that either crows often roost in large numbers or halogen is midway between florescent and incandescent.', "So long as either crows often roost in large numbers or halogen is midway between florescent and incandescent, 'aspiration pneumonia occurs when the stomach contents go back down the wrong way, into the lungs' is true.", 'Many people rightly believe that children differ in their physical and mental growth.', "Provided that the statement 'if children differ in their physical and mental growth, then if goats are descended from wild goats, then some people mistakenly believe that aspiration pneumonia occurs when the stomach contents go back down the wrong way, into the lungs' can be considered false, we know that runoff isa motion.", 'The claim that runoff isa motion does not reflect reality.']
|
Once we know goats are descended from wild goats, we also know that either crows often roost in large numbers or halogen is midway between florescent and incandescent. So long as either crows often roost in large numbers or halogen is midway between florescent and incandescent, 'aspiration pneumonia occurs when the stomach contents go back down the wrong way, into the lungs' is true. Many people rightly believe that children differ in their physical and mental growth. Provided that the statement 'if children differ in their physical and mental growth, then if goats are descended from wild goats, then some people mistakenly believe that aspiration pneumonia occurs when the stomach contents go back down the wrong way, into the lungs' can be considered false, we know that runoff isa motion. The claim that runoff isa motion does not reflect reality.
|
The claim that goats are descended from wild goats has no merit.
|
It is fair to say that goats are descended from wild goats.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
If [0], then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [0], then (Either [3] or [4].).
If (Either [3] or [4].), then [1].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If [0], then (Not [1].).). [SC1-2]
[2]
Therefore, If [0], then (Not [1].)..
[SC1-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [2], then (If [0], then (Not [1].).).).), then [5].
Not [5].
Therefore, If [2], then (If [0], then (Not [1].).)..
|
{0: 'Goats are descended from wild goats.', 1: 'Aspiration pneumonia occurs when the stomach contents go back down the wrong way, into the lungs.', 2: 'Children differ in their physical and mental growth.', 3: 'Crows often roost in large numbers.', 4: 'Halogen is midway between florescent and incandescent.', 5: 'Runoff isa motion.'}
| 4 |
3,996 |
['Assuming the statement that states if bean isa vegetable, then boll weevils are still of concern in some fields is false, we know that sociopolitical issues addresses societal value systems that impact relationships.', "When the statement that states if bean isa vegetable, then boll weevils are still of concern in some fields is false is true, it follows that the notion that 'sociopolitical issues addresses societal value systems that impact relationships' is untrue.", "So long as the statement that states bean isa vegetable is false, 'all organisms obey the laws of chemistry and physics' is true.", 'One may reasonably assume that if all organisms obey the laws of chemistry and physics, then garden ponds provide habitats.', 'Provided that all organisms obey the laws of chemistry and physics, we know that the claim that garden ponds provide habitats is false.']
|
Assuming the statement that states if bean isa vegetable, then boll weevils are still of concern in some fields is false, we know that sociopolitical issues addresses societal value systems that impact relationships. When the statement that states if bean isa vegetable, then boll weevils are still of concern in some fields is false is true, it follows that the notion that 'sociopolitical issues addresses societal value systems that impact relationships' is untrue. So long as the statement that states bean isa vegetable is false, 'all organisms obey the laws of chemistry and physics' is true. One may reasonably assume that if all organisms obey the laws of chemistry and physics, then garden ponds provide habitats. Provided that all organisms obey the laws of chemistry and physics, we know that the claim that garden ponds provide habitats is false.
|
The idea that boll weevils are still of concern in some fields is true.
|
It is a common misconception that boll weevils are still of concern in some fields.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then [3].
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [1].), then [2].
Not [2]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, [1].
[SC2-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [2], then [4].
If [2], then (Not [4].).
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Boll weevils are still of concern in some fields.', 1: 'Bean isa vegetable.', 2: 'All organisms obey the laws of chemistry and physics.', 3: 'Sociopolitical issues addresses societal value systems that impact relationships.', 4: 'Garden ponds provide habitats.'}
| 4 |
3,635 |
['Assuming if sweat is water, salt, some urea, then good faith is defined as the opposite of bad faith, we know that if powdery mildew is controlled with resistant cultivars, then it is not true that if migrants have (part) legs, then cold air has pressure.', "So long as scientists classify organisms to organize and understand similarities among organisms, 'if powdery mildew is controlled with resistant cultivars, then it is not true that if migrants have (part) legs, then cold air has pressure' is true.", 'There is good reason to believe that either spring is a time of hope for baseball players and fans or conveyor belts are belts.', 'One may reasonably assume that if spring is a time of hope for baseball players and fans, then powdery mildew is controlled with resistant cultivars.', 'Should it be the case that conveyor belts are belts, it follows that powdery mildew is controlled with resistant cultivars.', 'On the condition that agglomeration is also related to the availability of labour, it is definitely the case that either if sweat is water, salt, some urea, then good faith is defined as the opposite of bad faith or scientists classify organisms to organize and understand similarities among organisms.', 'The statement that states agglomeration is also related to the availability of labour is right.']
|
Assuming if sweat is water, salt, some urea, then good faith is defined as the opposite of bad faith, we know that if powdery mildew is controlled with resistant cultivars, then it is not true that if migrants have (part) legs, then cold air has pressure. So long as scientists classify organisms to organize and understand similarities among organisms, 'if powdery mildew is controlled with resistant cultivars, then it is not true that if migrants have (part) legs, then cold air has pressure' is true. There is good reason to believe that either spring is a time of hope for baseball players and fans or conveyor belts are belts. One may reasonably assume that if spring is a time of hope for baseball players and fans, then powdery mildew is controlled with resistant cultivars. Should it be the case that conveyor belts are belts, it follows that powdery mildew is controlled with resistant cultivars. On the condition that agglomeration is also related to the availability of labour, it is definitely the case that either if sweat is water, salt, some urea, then good faith is defined as the opposite of bad faith or scientists classify organisms to organize and understand similarities among organisms. The statement that states agglomeration is also related to the availability of labour is right.
|
It is not true that if migrants have (part) legs, then cold air has pressure.
|
It is not true that if migrants have (part) legs, then cold air has pressure.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).). [SC1-1]
[2] [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [3], then [4].) or [5]. [SC1-2]
If (If [3], then [4].), then (If [2], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).).).
If [5], then (If [2], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).).).
Therefore, If [2], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).)..
[SC1-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [8], then (Either (If [3], then [4].) or [5].).
[8]
Therefore, Either (If [3], then [4].) or [5]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [6] or [7].
If [6], then [2].
If [7], then [2].
Therefore, [2].
|
{0: 'Migrants have (part) legs.', 1: 'Cold air has pressure.', 2: 'Powdery mildew is controlled with resistant cultivars.', 3: 'Sweat is water, salt, some urea.', 4: 'Good faith is defined as the opposite of bad faith.', 5: 'Scientists classify organisms to organize and understand similarities among organisms.', 6: 'Spring is a time of hope for baseball players and fans.', 7: 'Conveyor belts are belts.', 8: 'Agglomeration is also related to the availability of labour.'}
| 4 |
3,698 |
['The statement that states health plans can also save money by forming networks of medical providers who discount their fees is right.', "The notion that 'either release hormones stimulate anterior pituitaries or bacteria invade intestinal mucose and multiply' is untrue.", 'Provided that the claim that either either release hormones stimulate anterior pituitaries or bacteria invade intestinal mucose and multiply or if health plans can also save money by forming networks of medical providers who discount their fees, then life is entropy does not correspond with reality, we know that birds are winged creatures with colorful plumage which are used as transportation by the gentlefolk.', 'We know that either thai massage is considered as art and science or some roots develop from buds.', "Whenever it is true that thai massage is considered as art and science, 'the notion that 'birds are winged creatures with colorful plumage which are used as transportation by the gentlefolk' is untrue' is true.", "On the condition that some roots develop from buds, it is definitely the case that the notion that 'birds are winged creatures with colorful plumage which are used as transportation by the gentlefolk' is untrue."]
|
The statement that states health plans can also save money by forming networks of medical providers who discount their fees is right. The notion that 'either release hormones stimulate anterior pituitaries or bacteria invade intestinal mucose and multiply' is untrue. Provided that the claim that either either release hormones stimulate anterior pituitaries or bacteria invade intestinal mucose and multiply or if health plans can also save money by forming networks of medical providers who discount their fees, then life is entropy does not correspond with reality, we know that birds are winged creatures with colorful plumage which are used as transportation by the gentlefolk. We know that either thai massage is considered as art and science or some roots develop from buds. Whenever it is true that thai massage is considered as art and science, 'the notion that 'birds are winged creatures with colorful plumage which are used as transportation by the gentlefolk' is untrue' is true. On the condition that some roots develop from buds, it is definitely the case that the notion that 'birds are winged creatures with colorful plumage which are used as transportation by the gentlefolk' is untrue.
|
It is a simple truth that life is entropy.
|
It is not true that life is entropy.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [2] or [3].) or (If [1], then [0].). [SC1-2]
Not (Either [2] or [3].).
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC1-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either (Either [2] or [3].) or (If [1], then [0].).).), then [4].
Not [4]. [SC2-3]
Therefore, Either (Either [2] or [3].) or (If [1], then [0].)..
[SC2-3]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [5] or [6].
If [5], then (Not [4].).
If [6], then (Not [4].).
Therefore, Not [4]..
|
{0: 'Life is entropy.', 1: 'Health plans can also save money by forming networks of medical providers who discount their fees.', 2: 'Release hormones stimulate anterior pituitaries.', 3: 'Bacteria invade intestinal mucose and multiply.', 4: 'Birds are winged creatures with colorful plumage which are used as transportation by the gentlefolk.', 5: 'Thai massage is considered as art and science.', 6: 'Some roots develop from buds.'}
| 4 |
3,251 |
['When some people mistakenly believe that if the claim that most drug use is casual marijuana use does not correspond with reality, then resilient flooring is what was once called linoleum is true, it follows that justifiable defense is mandatory in protection of the innocent.', 'When it is a common misconception that if the claim that most drug use is casual marijuana use does not correspond with reality, then it is not true that resilient flooring is what was once called linoleum is true, it follows that either some deer die in fire or canadian toads are white or light brown with dark spots scattered randomly about the back.', 'The statement that states either some deer die in fire or canadian toads are white or light brown with dark spots scattered randomly about the back is false.', 'Given that fish stocks are on the decline, and several species have been reduced to commercial extinction, it can be inferred that if some people mistakenly believe that if the claim that most drug use is casual marijuana use does not correspond with reality, then resilient flooring is what was once called linoleum, then it is a common misconception that justifiable defense is mandatory in protection of the innocent.', 'The claim that fish stocks are on the decline, and several species have been reduced to commercial extinction is true.']
|
When some people mistakenly believe that if the claim that most drug use is casual marijuana use does not correspond with reality, then resilient flooring is what was once called linoleum is true, it follows that justifiable defense is mandatory in protection of the innocent. When it is a common misconception that if the claim that most drug use is casual marijuana use does not correspond with reality, then it is not true that resilient flooring is what was once called linoleum is true, it follows that either some deer die in fire or canadian toads are white or light brown with dark spots scattered randomly about the back. The statement that states either some deer die in fire or canadian toads are white or light brown with dark spots scattered randomly about the back is false. Given that fish stocks are on the decline, and several species have been reduced to commercial extinction, it can be inferred that if some people mistakenly believe that if the claim that most drug use is casual marijuana use does not correspond with reality, then resilient flooring is what was once called linoleum, then it is a common misconception that justifiable defense is mandatory in protection of the innocent. The claim that fish stocks are on the decline, and several species have been reduced to commercial extinction is true.
|
We can assume that most drug use is casual marijuana use.
|
The statement, most drug use is casual marijuana use, does not hold.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [4].
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (Not [4].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [5], then (If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (Not [4].).).
[5]
Therefore, If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (Not [4].)..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).), then (Either [2] or [3].).
Not (Either [2] or [3].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Most drug use is casual marijuana use.', 1: 'Resilient flooring is what was once called linoleum.', 2: 'Some deer die in fire.', 3: 'Canadian toads are white or light brown with dark spots scattered randomly about the back.', 4: 'Justifiable defense is mandatory in protection of the innocent.', 5: 'Fish stocks are on the decline, and several species have been reduced to commercial extinction.'}
| 4 |
3,783 |
['It is rational to believe that either if pronghorns have horns, then most hunters kill prey or worsted wool is usually very fine and used for suits and fine fabric.', "If if pronghorns have horns, then most hunters kill prey, then if the notion that 'teenage mothers have a higher rate of anemia and pregnancy induced hypertension occurring' is untrue, then mental illness can happen to anyone.", "Once we know worsted wool is usually very fine and used for suits and fine fabric, we also know that if the notion that 'teenage mothers have a higher rate of anemia and pregnancy induced hypertension occurring' is untrue, then mental illness can happen to anyone.", 'Either virions seede to all the epithelial surfaces of the body or it is not true that mental illness can happen to anyone.', "So long as virions seede to all the epithelial surfaces of the body, 'electrons have a negative charge while the protons have a positive charge' is true.", 'Some people mistakenly believe that electrons have a negative charge while the protons have a positive charge.']
|
It is rational to believe that either if pronghorns have horns, then most hunters kill prey or worsted wool is usually very fine and used for suits and fine fabric. If if pronghorns have horns, then most hunters kill prey, then if the notion that 'teenage mothers have a higher rate of anemia and pregnancy induced hypertension occurring' is untrue, then mental illness can happen to anyone. Once we know worsted wool is usually very fine and used for suits and fine fabric, we also know that if the notion that 'teenage mothers have a higher rate of anemia and pregnancy induced hypertension occurring' is untrue, then mental illness can happen to anyone. Either virions seede to all the epithelial surfaces of the body or it is not true that mental illness can happen to anyone. So long as virions seede to all the epithelial surfaces of the body, 'electrons have a negative charge while the protons have a positive charge' is true. Some people mistakenly believe that electrons have a negative charge while the protons have a positive charge.
|
It is a simple truth that teenage mothers have a higher rate of anemia and pregnancy induced hypertension occurring.
|
Teenage mothers are more likely to drop out of school.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [3], then [4].) or [5].
If (If [3], then [4].), then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
If [5], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Not [1].).
Not [2]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If [2], then [6].
Not [6].
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Teenage mothers have a higher rate of anemia and pregnancy induced hypertension occurring.', 1: 'Mental illness can happen to anyone.', 2: 'Virions seede to all the epithelial surfaces of the body.', 3: 'Pronghorns have horns.', 4: 'Most hunters kill prey.', 5: 'Worsted wool is usually very fine and used for suits and fine fabric.', 6: 'Electrons have a negative charge while the protons have a positive charge.'}
| 4 |
3,819 |
["So long as if exposure affects oocyte maturation, then adult males live alone joining family units only to mate, 'if the notion that 'western culture holds dominion over the entire universe now and into the foreseeable future' is untrue, then bacteria just appears as light or dark dots' is true.", "It is a fact that either many manufacturers make shoes especially designed for trail running or if the notion that 'western culture holds dominion over the entire universe now and into the foreseeable future' is untrue, then the statement, bacteria just appears as light or dark dots, does not hold.", 'Some people mistakenly believe that many manufacturers make shoes especially designed for trail running.', "Whenever it is true that the statement that 'if exposure affects oocyte maturation, then adult males live alone joining family units only to mate' is incorrect, 'pills cause a desire to sleep' is true.", "Should it be the case that the statement that 'if exposure affects oocyte maturation, then adult males live alone joining family units only to mate' is incorrect, it follows that the claim that pills cause a desire to sleep has no merit."]
|
So long as if exposure affects oocyte maturation, then adult males live alone joining family units only to mate, 'if the notion that 'western culture holds dominion over the entire universe now and into the foreseeable future' is untrue, then bacteria just appears as light or dark dots' is true. It is a fact that either many manufacturers make shoes especially designed for trail running or if the notion that 'western culture holds dominion over the entire universe now and into the foreseeable future' is untrue, then the statement, bacteria just appears as light or dark dots, does not hold. Some people mistakenly believe that many manufacturers make shoes especially designed for trail running. Whenever it is true that the statement that 'if exposure affects oocyte maturation, then adult males live alone joining family units only to mate' is incorrect, 'pills cause a desire to sleep' is true. Should it be the case that the statement that 'if exposure affects oocyte maturation, then adult males live alone joining family units only to mate' is incorrect, it follows that the claim that pills cause a desire to sleep has no merit.
|
It is reasonable to believe that western culture holds dominion over the entire universe now and into the foreseeable future.
|
Western culture is culture.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (If [3], then [4].), then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
If [3], then [4]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC2-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [3], then [4].).), then [5].
If (Not (If [3], then [4].).), then (Not [5].).
Therefore, If [3], then [4]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).
Not [2].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Western culture holds dominion over the entire universe now and into the foreseeable future.', 1: 'Bacteria just appears as light or dark dots.', 2: 'Many manufacturers make shoes especially designed for trail running.', 3: 'Exposure affects oocyte maturation.', 4: 'Adult males live alone joining family units only to mate.', 5: 'Pills cause a desire to sleep.'}
| 4 |
3,141 |
['One may reasonably assume that if man is a creation of the gods like the rest of the creatures on earth, then either soils are derived from lake sediments and alluvium or participants are associates.', 'It is reasonable to believe that man is a creation of the gods like the rest of the creatures on earth.', 'The claim that either some observatories are small, operated by astronomy clubs, and housing modest telescopes or some leopards live in jungle has no merit.', "So long as soils are derived from lake sediments and alluvium, 'synagogues are places of worship' is true.", 'Should it be the case that synagogues are places of worship, it follows that either some observatories are small, operated by astronomy clubs, and housing modest telescopes or some leopards live in jungle.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if man is a creation of the gods like the rest of the creatures on earth, then either soils are derived from lake sediments and alluvium or participants are associates. It is reasonable to believe that man is a creation of the gods like the rest of the creatures on earth. The claim that either some observatories are small, operated by astronomy clubs, and housing modest telescopes or some leopards live in jungle has no merit. So long as soils are derived from lake sediments and alluvium, 'synagogues are places of worship' is true. Should it be the case that synagogues are places of worship, it follows that either some observatories are small, operated by astronomy clubs, and housing modest telescopes or some leopards live in jungle.
|
The claim that participants are associates is true.
|
Participants consume calories.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (Either [1] or [0].).
[4]
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [1], then (Either [2] or [3].). [SC1-2]
Not (Either [2] or [3].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
[SC1-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [1], then [5].
If [5], then (Either [2] or [3].).
Therefore, If [1], then (Either [2] or [3].)..
|
{0: 'Participants are associates.', 1: 'Soils are derived from lake sediments and alluvium.', 2: 'Some observatories are small, operated by astronomy clubs, and housing modest telescopes.', 3: 'Some leopards live in jungle.', 4: 'Man is a creation of the gods like the rest of the creatures on earth.', 5: 'Synagogues are places of worship.'}
| 4 |
3,316 |
['One may reasonably assume that if it is not the case that organizational communication focuses on large group dynamics, then capital is assets.', 'On the condition that it is not the case that organizational communication focuses on large group dynamics, it is definitely the case that manure can play a part in meeting soybean nutrient needs.', 'When manure can play a part in meeting soybean nutrient needs is true, it follows that cultural memes are responsiblefor culture, religion, and other societal beliefs.', "Given that many birds can sense oncoming storms and modify foraging behavior accordingly, it can be inferred that if cultural memes are responsiblefor culture, religion, and other societal beliefs, then the statement 'capital is assets' can be considered false.", "The statement 'many birds can sense oncoming storms and modify foraging behavior accordingly' is true."]
|
One may reasonably assume that if it is not the case that organizational communication focuses on large group dynamics, then capital is assets. On the condition that it is not the case that organizational communication focuses on large group dynamics, it is definitely the case that manure can play a part in meeting soybean nutrient needs. When manure can play a part in meeting soybean nutrient needs is true, it follows that cultural memes are responsiblefor culture, religion, and other societal beliefs. Given that many birds can sense oncoming storms and modify foraging behavior accordingly, it can be inferred that if cultural memes are responsiblefor culture, religion, and other societal beliefs, then the statement 'capital is assets' can be considered false. The statement 'many birds can sense oncoming storms and modify foraging behavior accordingly' is true.
|
The statement 'organizational communication focuses on large group dynamics' is true.
|
Organizational communication focuses on the nature of communication in the workplace.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [0].), then [2]. [SC1-2]
If [2], then (Not [1].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
[SC1-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [0].), then [4].
If [4], then [2].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [2]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If [2], then (Not [1].).).
[3]
Therefore, If [2], then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Organizational communication focuses on large group dynamics.', 1: 'Capital is assets.', 2: 'Cultural memes are responsiblefor culture, religion, and other societal beliefs.', 3: 'Many birds can sense oncoming storms and modify foraging behavior accordingly.', 4: 'Manure can play a part in meeting soybean nutrient needs.'}
| 4 |
3,587 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: women also tend to have higher triglyceride levels, or a masque is a party.', 'Given that either altered animals live longer, healthier lives or life expectancy is about forty-five years because life is so hard, it can be inferred that if either women also tend to have higher triglyceride levels or a masque is a party, then either children usually outgrow croup as they get older and the windpipe becomes wider or state law requires every citizen to control the spread of noxious weeds on their land.', 'At least one of two things is true: altered animals live longer, healthier lives , or life expectancy is about forty-five years because life is so hard.', "At least one of two things is true: colours are densities, vectors are velocities in the local rotation frame, or unconditional love is life's most powerful medicine.", 'If colours are densities, vectors are velocities in the local rotation frame, then if either children usually outgrow croup as they get older and the windpipe becomes wider or state law requires every citizen to control the spread of noxious weeds on their land, then it is a common misconception that few women are mayors.', "Whenever it is true that unconditional love is life's most powerful medicine, 'if either children usually outgrow croup as they get older and the windpipe becomes wider or state law requires every citizen to control the spread of noxious weeds on their land, then it is a common misconception that few women are mayors' is true."]
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: women also tend to have higher triglyceride levels, or a masque is a party. Given that either altered animals live longer, healthier lives or life expectancy is about forty-five years because life is so hard, it can be inferred that if either women also tend to have higher triglyceride levels or a masque is a party, then either children usually outgrow croup as they get older and the windpipe becomes wider or state law requires every citizen to control the spread of noxious weeds on their land. At least one of two things is true: altered animals live longer, healthier lives , or life expectancy is about forty-five years because life is so hard. At least one of two things is true: colours are densities, vectors are velocities in the local rotation frame, or unconditional love is life's most powerful medicine. If colours are densities, vectors are velocities in the local rotation frame, then if either children usually outgrow croup as they get older and the windpipe becomes wider or state law requires every citizen to control the spread of noxious weeds on their land, then it is a common misconception that few women are mayors. Whenever it is true that unconditional love is life's most powerful medicine, 'if either children usually outgrow croup as they get older and the windpipe becomes wider or state law requires every citizen to control the spread of noxious weeds on their land, then it is a common misconception that few women are mayors' is true.
|
It is a common misconception that few women are mayors.
|
It is true that few women are mayors.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [1] or [2].), then (Not [0].). [SC1-1]
Either [1] or [2].
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Either [1] or [2].), then (Either [3] or [4].). [SC1-2]
If (Either [3] or [4].), then (Not [0].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (Either [1] or [2].), then (Not [0].)..
[SC1-2]
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [5] or [6].), then (If (Either [1] or [2].), then (Either [3] or [4].).).
Either [5] or [6].
Therefore, If (Either [1] or [2].), then (Either [3] or [4].)..
[SC2-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [7] or [8].
If [7], then (If (Either [3] or [4].), then (Not [0].).).
If [8], then (If (Either [3] or [4].), then (Not [0].).).
Therefore, If (Either [3] or [4].), then (Not [0].)..
|
{0: 'Few women are mayors.', 1: 'Women also tend to have higher triglyceride levels.', 2: 'A masque is a party.', 3: 'Children usually outgrow croup as they get older and the windpipe becomes wider.', 4: 'State law requires every citizen to control the spread of noxious weeds on their land.', 5: 'Altered animals live longer, healthier lives .', 6: 'Life expectancy is about forty-five years because life is so hard.', 7: 'Colours are densities, vectors are velocities in the local rotation frame.', 8: "Unconditional love is life's most powerful medicine."}
| 4 |
3,331 |
['Provided that if some plastics have markets for recycling, then large jars contain substances, we know that if many illnesses can cause fevers, which increase fluid loss, then most defibrillation occurs externally with paddles placed against the chest.', 'When some plastics have markets for recycling is true, it follows that large jars contain substances.', 'The claim that mummies have (part) material bodies does not correspond with reality.', 'Provided that some people mistakenly believe that if most defibrillation occurs externally with paddles placed against the chest, then mummies have (part) material bodies, we know that wetlands also act as filters thereby protecting sources of drinking water.', "So long as some people mistakenly believe that if most defibrillation occurs externally with paddles placed against the chest, then mummies have (part) material bodies, 'some people mistakenly believe that wetlands also act as filters thereby protecting sources of drinking water' is true."]
|
Provided that if some plastics have markets for recycling, then large jars contain substances, we know that if many illnesses can cause fevers, which increase fluid loss, then most defibrillation occurs externally with paddles placed against the chest. When some plastics have markets for recycling is true, it follows that large jars contain substances. The claim that mummies have (part) material bodies does not correspond with reality. Provided that some people mistakenly believe that if most defibrillation occurs externally with paddles placed against the chest, then mummies have (part) material bodies, we know that wetlands also act as filters thereby protecting sources of drinking water. So long as some people mistakenly believe that if most defibrillation occurs externally with paddles placed against the chest, then mummies have (part) material bodies, 'some people mistakenly believe that wetlands also act as filters thereby protecting sources of drinking water' is true.
|
It is not the case that many illnesses can cause fevers, which increase fluid loss.
|
The statement 'many illnesses can cause fevers, which increase fluid loss' can be considered true.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (If [3], then [4].), then (If [0], then [1].).
If [3], then [4].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [1], then [2]. [SC1-2]
Not [2].
Therefore, Not [1]..
[SC1-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [1], then [2].).), then [5].
If (Not (If [1], then [2].).), then (Not [5].).
Therefore, If [1], then [2]..
|
{0: 'Many illnesses can cause fevers, which increase fluid loss.', 1: 'Most defibrillation occurs externally with paddles placed against the chest.', 2: 'Mummies have (part) material bodies.', 3: 'Some plastics have markets for recycling.', 4: 'Large jars contain substances.', 5: 'Wetlands also act as filters thereby protecting sources of drinking water.'}
| 4 |
3,295 |
['If atmospheres change over time, then if the claim that bible study is the food that nourishes a healthy tree of faith does not reflect reality, then all parents make mistakes, and a multitude of complex factors lead to homosexuality.', 'It is a simple truth that atmospheres change over time.', 'We know that either dreams are a phenomena that have never been fully explained or prolonged breathing can cause suffocation.', "So long as dreams are a phenomena that have never been fully explained, 'if the claim that bible study is the food that nourishes a healthy tree of faith does not reflect reality, then it is a common misconception that all parents make mistakes, and a multitude of complex factors lead to homosexuality' is true.", 'We know that either either dentists have (part) necks or triton has cold geysers that spit nitrogen instead of the hot water that Earth geysers release or either most herbivores has-part stomachs or doors are significant in preventing the spread of fire .', 'If either dentists have (part) necks or triton has cold geysers that spit nitrogen instead of the hot water that Earth geysers release, then if prolonged breathing can cause suffocation, then if the claim that bible study is the food that nourishes a healthy tree of faith does not reflect reality, then it is a common misconception that all parents make mistakes, and a multitude of complex factors lead to homosexuality.', 'Assuming either most herbivores has-part stomachs or doors are significant in preventing the spread of fire , we know that if prolonged breathing can cause suffocation, then if the claim that bible study is the food that nourishes a healthy tree of faith does not reflect reality, then it is a common misconception that all parents make mistakes, and a multitude of complex factors lead to homosexuality.']
|
If atmospheres change over time, then if the claim that bible study is the food that nourishes a healthy tree of faith does not reflect reality, then all parents make mistakes, and a multitude of complex factors lead to homosexuality. It is a simple truth that atmospheres change over time. We know that either dreams are a phenomena that have never been fully explained or prolonged breathing can cause suffocation. So long as dreams are a phenomena that have never been fully explained, 'if the claim that bible study is the food that nourishes a healthy tree of faith does not reflect reality, then it is a common misconception that all parents make mistakes, and a multitude of complex factors lead to homosexuality' is true. We know that either either dentists have (part) necks or triton has cold geysers that spit nitrogen instead of the hot water that Earth geysers release or either most herbivores has-part stomachs or doors are significant in preventing the spread of fire . If either dentists have (part) necks or triton has cold geysers that spit nitrogen instead of the hot water that Earth geysers release, then if prolonged breathing can cause suffocation, then if the claim that bible study is the food that nourishes a healthy tree of faith does not reflect reality, then it is a common misconception that all parents make mistakes, and a multitude of complex factors lead to homosexuality. Assuming either most herbivores has-part stomachs or doors are significant in preventing the spread of fire , we know that if prolonged breathing can cause suffocation, then if the claim that bible study is the food that nourishes a healthy tree of faith does not reflect reality, then it is a common misconception that all parents make mistakes, and a multitude of complex factors lead to homosexuality.
|
It is fair to say that bible study is the food that nourishes a healthy tree of faith.
|
The claim that bible study is the food that nourishes a healthy tree of faith does not reflect reality.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
[2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).
If [4], then (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).). [SC3-2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
[SC3-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [5] or [6].) or (Either [7] or [8].).
If (Either [5] or [6].), then (If [4], then (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).).
If (Either [7] or [8].), then (If [4], then (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).).
Therefore, If [4], then (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).)..
|
{0: 'Bible study is the food that nourishes a healthy tree of faith.', 1: 'All parents make mistakes, and a multitude of complex factors lead to homosexuality.', 2: 'Atmospheres change over time.', 3: 'Dreams are a phenomena that have never been fully explained.', 4: 'Prolonged breathing can cause suffocation.', 5: 'Dentists have (part) necks.', 6: 'Triton has cold geysers that spit nitrogen instead of the hot water that Earth geysers release.', 7: 'Most herbivores has-part stomachs.', 8: 'Doors are significant in preventing the spread of fire .'}
| 4 |
3,262 |
['At least one of two things is true: some wives are diagnosed with breast cancer, or most tsunamis make death.', 'Once we know some wives are diagnosed with breast cancer, we also know that it is not true that either flame retardant allows for fireplace use without removing the guard or wisdom is the basis for practice .', "Whenever it is true that taekwondo offers something that no other sport can, 'if some wives are diagnosed with breast cancer, then either flame retardant allows for fireplace use without removing the guard or wisdom is the basis for practice ' is true.", 'One may reasonably assume that if many governments ban the transmission of popular culture in their countries, then if some wives are diagnosed with breast cancer, then either flame retardant allows for fireplace use without removing the guard or wisdom is the basis for practice .', "Whenever it is true that panic is distress, 'either taekwondo offers something that no other sport can or many governments ban the transmission of popular culture in their countries' is true.", "The statement 'panic is distress' is true."]
|
At least one of two things is true: some wives are diagnosed with breast cancer, or most tsunamis make death. Once we know some wives are diagnosed with breast cancer, we also know that it is not true that either flame retardant allows for fireplace use without removing the guard or wisdom is the basis for practice . Whenever it is true that taekwondo offers something that no other sport can, 'if some wives are diagnosed with breast cancer, then either flame retardant allows for fireplace use without removing the guard or wisdom is the basis for practice ' is true. One may reasonably assume that if many governments ban the transmission of popular culture in their countries, then if some wives are diagnosed with breast cancer, then either flame retardant allows for fireplace use without removing the guard or wisdom is the basis for practice . Whenever it is true that panic is distress, 'either taekwondo offers something that no other sport can or many governments ban the transmission of popular culture in their countries' is true. The statement 'panic is distress' is true.
|
Many people rightly believe that most tsunamis make death.
|
Many people rightly believe that most tsunamis make death.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [1], then (Either [2] or [3].). [SC1-2]
If [1], then (Not (Either [2] or [3].).).
Therefore, Not [1]..
[SC1-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [4] or [5]. [SC1-3]
If [4], then (If [1], then (Either [2] or [3].).).
If [5], then (If [1], then (Either [2] or [3].).).
Therefore, If [1], then (Either [2] or [3].)..
[SC1-3]
Modus Ponens:
If [6], then (Either [4] or [5].).
[6]
Therefore, Either [4] or [5]..
|
{0: 'Most tsunamis make death.', 1: 'Some wives are diagnosed with breast cancer.', 2: 'Flame retardant allows for fireplace use without removing the guard.', 3: 'Wisdom is the basis for practice .', 4: 'Taekwondo offers something that no other sport can.', 5: 'Many governments ban the transmission of popular culture in their countries.', 6: 'Panic is distress.'}
| 4 |
3,432 |
['Provided that most jellyfish have reproduction, we know that ground squirrels are primarily vegetarians.', 'Once we know physical size is another variable among the different peoples of the world, we also know that either energy efficiency represents the second largest source of energy in the United States or most jellyfish have reproduction.', 'It is fair to say that physical size is another variable among the different peoples of the world.', 'At least one of two things is true: key rings are artifacts, or spanish fly is also quite poisonous, and therefore illegal in the United States.', 'Should it be the case that key rings are artifacts, it follows that if energy efficiency represents the second largest source of energy in the United States, then ground squirrels are primarily vegetarians.', 'When the claim that if spanish fly is also quite poisonous, and therefore illegal in the United States, then if energy efficiency represents the second largest source of energy in the United States, then ground squirrels are primarily vegetarians has no merit is true, it follows that used oil includes motor oil, brake and transmission fluid, and hydraulic oil.', 'Once we know the claim that if spanish fly is also quite poisonous, and therefore illegal in the United States, then if energy efficiency represents the second largest source of energy in the United States, then ground squirrels are primarily vegetarians has no merit, we also know that it is not the case that used oil includes motor oil, brake and transmission fluid, and hydraulic oil.']
|
Provided that most jellyfish have reproduction, we know that ground squirrels are primarily vegetarians. Once we know physical size is another variable among the different peoples of the world, we also know that either energy efficiency represents the second largest source of energy in the United States or most jellyfish have reproduction. It is fair to say that physical size is another variable among the different peoples of the world. At least one of two things is true: key rings are artifacts, or spanish fly is also quite poisonous, and therefore illegal in the United States. Should it be the case that key rings are artifacts, it follows that if energy efficiency represents the second largest source of energy in the United States, then ground squirrels are primarily vegetarians. When the claim that if spanish fly is also quite poisonous, and therefore illegal in the United States, then if energy efficiency represents the second largest source of energy in the United States, then ground squirrels are primarily vegetarians has no merit is true, it follows that used oil includes motor oil, brake and transmission fluid, and hydraulic oil. Once we know the claim that if spanish fly is also quite poisonous, and therefore illegal in the United States, then if energy efficiency represents the second largest source of energy in the United States, then ground squirrels are primarily vegetarians has no merit, we also know that it is not the case that used oil includes motor oil, brake and transmission fluid, and hydraulic oil.
|
The claim that ground squirrels are primarily vegetarians holds true.
|
Ground squirrels are more widespread and often abundant in grassland habitats.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (Either [1] or [2].).
[3]
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [4] or [5].
If [4], then (If [1], then [0].).
If [5], then (If [1], then [0].). [SC3-2]
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC3-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [5], then (If [1], then [0].).).), then [6].
If (Not (If [5], then (If [1], then [0].).).), then (Not [6].).
Therefore, If [5], then (If [1], then [0].)..
|
{0: 'Ground squirrels are primarily vegetarians.', 1: 'Energy efficiency represents the second largest source of energy in the United States.', 2: 'Most jellyfish have reproduction.', 3: 'Physical size is another variable among the different peoples of the world.', 4: 'Key rings are artifacts.', 5: 'Spanish fly is also quite poisonous, and therefore illegal in the United States.', 6: 'Used oil includes motor oil, brake and transmission fluid, and hydraulic oil.'}
| 4 |
3,862 |
['It is not the case that offspring produced sexually are genetically somewhat different from either parent.', "So long as some fresh water mixes with seawater, 'anecdotal evidence claims that glucocorticoids have a similar effect' is true.", 'On the condition that some fresh water mixes with seawater, it is definitely the case that it is not the case that anecdotal evidence claims that glucocorticoids have a similar effect.', "Either one or both of these statements are true: lasers containing thulium are used in satellites that take pictures of the Earth's surface, or either simple fruits are fruits that develop from a single ovary or most plastics contain organic polymers.", "If lasers containing thulium are used in satellites that take pictures of the Earth's surface, then either offspring produced sexually are genetically somewhat different from either parent or either some fresh water mixes with seawater or secondary consumers derive energy from primary consumers on whom they feed.", 'Assuming either simple fruits are fruits that develop from a single ovary or most plastics contain organic polymers, we know that either offspring produced sexually are genetically somewhat different from either parent or either some fresh water mixes with seawater or secondary consumers derive energy from primary consumers on whom they feed.']
|
It is not the case that offspring produced sexually are genetically somewhat different from either parent. So long as some fresh water mixes with seawater, 'anecdotal evidence claims that glucocorticoids have a similar effect' is true. On the condition that some fresh water mixes with seawater, it is definitely the case that it is not the case that anecdotal evidence claims that glucocorticoids have a similar effect. Either one or both of these statements are true: lasers containing thulium are used in satellites that take pictures of the Earth's surface, or either simple fruits are fruits that develop from a single ovary or most plastics contain organic polymers. If lasers containing thulium are used in satellites that take pictures of the Earth's surface, then either offspring produced sexually are genetically somewhat different from either parent or either some fresh water mixes with seawater or secondary consumers derive energy from primary consumers on whom they feed. Assuming either simple fruits are fruits that develop from a single ovary or most plastics contain organic polymers, we know that either offspring produced sexually are genetically somewhat different from either parent or either some fresh water mixes with seawater or secondary consumers derive energy from primary consumers on whom they feed.
|
Those that suggest secondary consumers derive energy from primary consumers on whom they feed are right.
|
Those that suggest secondary consumers derive energy from primary consumers on whom they feed are right.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (Either [1] or [0].). [SC1-2]
Not [3].
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
[SC1-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [4] or (Either [5] or [6].).
If [4], then (Either [3] or (Either [1] or [0].).).
If (Either [5] or [6].), then (Either [3] or (Either [1] or [0].).).
Therefore, Either [3] or (Either [1] or [0].)..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [1], then [2].
If [1], then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Secondary consumers derive energy from primary consumers on whom they feed.', 1: 'Some fresh water mixes with seawater.', 2: 'Anecdotal evidence claims that glucocorticoids have a similar effect.', 3: 'Offspring produced sexually are genetically somewhat different from either parent.', 4: "Lasers containing thulium are used in satellites that take pictures of the Earth's surface.", 5: 'Simple fruits are fruits that develop from a single ovary.', 6: 'Most plastics contain organic polymers.'}
| 4 |
3,582 |
['We know that the claim that children have breakfasts is false.', 'If weeds can greatly out-compete the trees for nutrients, especially nitrogen, then some common drugs used to treat tachycardia are quinidine, atropine, lidocaine, or procainamide.', 'Either poetic language is contemplative expression or female mosquitoes find people to bite by following air trails of carbon dioxide.', 'When poetic language is contemplative expression is true, it follows that if if weeds can greatly out-compete the trees for nutrients, especially nitrogen, then some common drugs used to treat tachycardia are quinidine, atropine, lidocaine, or procainamide, then if it is not the case that atherosclerosis build up af fat and cholesterol deposits within the wall of an artery, then children have breakfasts.', "So long as the statement 'if female mosquitoes find people to bite by following air trails of carbon dioxide, then if if weeds can greatly out-compete the trees for nutrients, especially nitrogen, then some common drugs used to treat tachycardia are quinidine, atropine, lidocaine, or procainamide, then if it is not the case that atherosclerosis build up af fat and cholesterol deposits within the wall of an artery, then children have breakfasts' can be considered false, 'if books are located in universities, then pheromones are now a popular subject for research' is true.", "Once we know the statement 'if female mosquitoes find people to bite by following air trails of carbon dioxide, then if if weeds can greatly out-compete the trees for nutrients, especially nitrogen, then some common drugs used to treat tachycardia are quinidine, atropine, lidocaine, or procainamide, then if it is not the case that atherosclerosis build up af fat and cholesterol deposits within the wall of an artery, then children have breakfasts' can be considered false, we also know that some people mistakenly believe that if books are located in universities, then pheromones are now a popular subject for research."]
|
We know that the claim that children have breakfasts is false. If weeds can greatly out-compete the trees for nutrients, especially nitrogen, then some common drugs used to treat tachycardia are quinidine, atropine, lidocaine, or procainamide. Either poetic language is contemplative expression or female mosquitoes find people to bite by following air trails of carbon dioxide. When poetic language is contemplative expression is true, it follows that if if weeds can greatly out-compete the trees for nutrients, especially nitrogen, then some common drugs used to treat tachycardia are quinidine, atropine, lidocaine, or procainamide, then if it is not the case that atherosclerosis build up af fat and cholesterol deposits within the wall of an artery, then children have breakfasts. So long as the statement 'if female mosquitoes find people to bite by following air trails of carbon dioxide, then if if weeds can greatly out-compete the trees for nutrients, especially nitrogen, then some common drugs used to treat tachycardia are quinidine, atropine, lidocaine, or procainamide, then if it is not the case that atherosclerosis build up af fat and cholesterol deposits within the wall of an artery, then children have breakfasts' can be considered false, 'if books are located in universities, then pheromones are now a popular subject for research' is true. Once we know the statement 'if female mosquitoes find people to bite by following air trails of carbon dioxide, then if if weeds can greatly out-compete the trees for nutrients, especially nitrogen, then some common drugs used to treat tachycardia are quinidine, atropine, lidocaine, or procainamide, then if it is not the case that atherosclerosis build up af fat and cholesterol deposits within the wall of an artery, then children have breakfasts' can be considered false, we also know that some people mistakenly believe that if books are located in universities, then pheromones are now a popular subject for research.
|
atherosclerosis build up af fat and cholesterol deposits within the wall of an artery.
|
Atherosclerosis occurs over time as the arteries gradually narrow because of buildup of plaque.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (If [2], then [3].), then (If (Not [0].), then [1].). [SC1-2]
If [2], then [3].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC1-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [4] or [5].
If [4], then (If (If [2], then [3].), then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).).
If [5], then (If (If [2], then [3].), then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).). [SC3-3]
Therefore, If (If [2], then [3].), then (If (Not [0].), then [1].)..
[SC3-3]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [5], then (If (If [2], then [3].), then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).).).), then (If [6], then [7].).
If (Not (If [5], then (If (If [2], then [3].), then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).).).), then (Not (If [6], then [7].).).
Therefore, If [5], then (If (If [2], then [3].), then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).)..
|
{0: 'Atherosclerosis build up af fat and cholesterol deposits within the wall of an artery.', 1: 'Children have breakfasts.', 2: 'Weeds can greatly out-compete the trees for nutrients, especially nitrogen.', 3: 'Some common drugs used to treat tachycardia are quinidine, atropine, lidocaine, or procainamide.', 4: 'Poetic language is contemplative expression.', 5: 'Female mosquitoes find people to bite by following air trails of carbon dioxide.', 6: 'Books are located in universities.', 7: 'Pheromones are now a popular subject for research.'}
| 4 |
3,272 |
['We can assume that towns are settlements.', 'It is a fact that either bones consist of tissue or most mammals hear sound.', "One may reasonably assume that if bones consist of tissue, then if most spider mites feed on weeds, then if towns are settlements, then compression refers to shrinking of images' sizes so that they take up less space.", "If most mammals hear sound, then if most spider mites feed on weeds, then if towns are settlements, then compression refers to shrinking of images' sizes so that they take up less space.", 'Provided that the claim that most spider mites feed on weeds has no merit, we know that honeybees are also useful as pollinators.', 'We know that the claim that honeybees are also useful as pollinators is false.']
|
We can assume that towns are settlements. It is a fact that either bones consist of tissue or most mammals hear sound. One may reasonably assume that if bones consist of tissue, then if most spider mites feed on weeds, then if towns are settlements, then compression refers to shrinking of images' sizes so that they take up less space. If most mammals hear sound, then if most spider mites feed on weeds, then if towns are settlements, then compression refers to shrinking of images' sizes so that they take up less space. Provided that the claim that most spider mites feed on weeds has no merit, we know that honeybees are also useful as pollinators. We know that the claim that honeybees are also useful as pollinators is false.
|
The statement that states compression refers to shrinking of images' sizes so that they take up less space is right.
|
The statement that states compression refers to shrinking of images' sizes so that they take up less space is right.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If [1], then [0].). [SC1-2]
[2] [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC1-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (If [2], then (If [1], then [0].).).
If [4], then (If [2], then (If [1], then [0].).).
Therefore, If [2], then (If [1], then [0].)..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [2].), then [5].
Not [5].
Therefore, [2].
|
{0: "Compression refers to shrinking of images' sizes so that they take up less space.", 1: 'Towns are settlements.', 2: 'Most spider mites feed on weeds.', 3: 'Bones consist of tissue.', 4: 'Most mammals hear sound.', 5: 'Honeybees are also useful as pollinators.'}
| 4 |
3,270 |
["Once we know the statement that 'either many astronauts are mission specialist astronauts or interior decoration is trade' is incorrect, we also know that toddlers repeat annoying or destructive behavior to make sure they understand the rules.", 'There is good reason to believe that either if cougars can occoupy a variety of habitats from coastal swamps to mountain slopes, then legal opinion is an instrument or pollen grains contain male gametophytes, the tiny haploid stage that makes the sperm.', 'Provided that if cougars can occoupy a variety of habitats from coastal swamps to mountain slopes, then legal opinion is an instrument, we know that valleys are located in mountainous regions.', "When pollen grains contain male gametophytes, the tiny haploid stage that makes the sperm is true, it follows that if the statement that 'either many astronauts are mission specialist astronauts or interior decoration is trade' is incorrect, then some people mistakenly believe that toddlers repeat annoying or destructive behavior to make sure they understand the rules.", 'On the condition that valleys are located in mountainous regions, it is definitely the case that tonal music consists of chords and melodies spelled from successive major and minor scales.', 'On the condition that valleys are located in mountainous regions, it is definitely the case that we know that the claim that tonal music consists of chords and melodies spelled from successive major and minor scales is false.']
|
Once we know the statement that 'either many astronauts are mission specialist astronauts or interior decoration is trade' is incorrect, we also know that toddlers repeat annoying or destructive behavior to make sure they understand the rules. There is good reason to believe that either if cougars can occoupy a variety of habitats from coastal swamps to mountain slopes, then legal opinion is an instrument or pollen grains contain male gametophytes, the tiny haploid stage that makes the sperm. Provided that if cougars can occoupy a variety of habitats from coastal swamps to mountain slopes, then legal opinion is an instrument, we know that valleys are located in mountainous regions. When pollen grains contain male gametophytes, the tiny haploid stage that makes the sperm is true, it follows that if the statement that 'either many astronauts are mission specialist astronauts or interior decoration is trade' is incorrect, then some people mistakenly believe that toddlers repeat annoying or destructive behavior to make sure they understand the rules. On the condition that valleys are located in mountainous regions, it is definitely the case that tonal music consists of chords and melodies spelled from successive major and minor scales. On the condition that valleys are located in mountainous regions, it is definitely the case that we know that the claim that tonal music consists of chords and melodies spelled from successive major and minor scales is false.
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: many astronauts are mission specialist astronauts , or interior decoration is trade.
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: many astronauts are mission specialist astronauts , or interior decoration is trade.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then (Not [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then (Not [2].).). [SC1-2]
Not [3]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then (Not [2].)..
[SC1-2]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either (If [5], then [6].) or [7].
If (If [5], then [6].), then [3].
If [7], then (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then (Not [2].).).
Therefore, Either [3] or (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then (Not [2].).)..
[SC2-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [3], then [4].
If [3], then (Not [4].).
Therefore, Not [3]..
|
{0: 'Many astronauts are mission specialist astronauts .', 1: 'Interior decoration is trade.', 2: 'Toddlers repeat annoying or destructive behavior to make sure they understand the rules.', 3: 'Valleys are located in mountainous regions.', 4: 'Tonal music consists of chords and melodies spelled from successive major and minor scales.', 5: 'Cougars can occoupy a variety of habitats from coastal swamps to mountain slopes.', 6: 'Legal opinion is an instrument.', 7: 'Pollen grains contain male gametophytes, the tiny haploid stage that makes the sperm.'}
| 4 |
3,987 |
["It is rational to believe that either if cells are very important because they carry out all of life s activities, then most religions have chants that serve the purpose of nourishing the spirit or the notion that 'parameters are information' is untrue.", 'There is good reason to believe that either vipers have (part) vacuoles or the claim that if cells are very important because they carry out all of life s activities, then most religions have chants that serve the purpose of nourishing the spirit does not correspond with reality.', 'We know that either either teeth are also epidermal out- individual or dissociative amnesia can occur in response to intolerable stress or the claim that vipers have (part) vacuoles is false.', 'When either teeth are also epidermal out- individual or dissociative amnesia can occur in response to intolerable stress is true, it follows that seats are located in trains.', 'Those that suggest seats are located in trains are wrong.']
|
It is rational to believe that either if cells are very important because they carry out all of life s activities, then most religions have chants that serve the purpose of nourishing the spirit or the notion that 'parameters are information' is untrue. There is good reason to believe that either vipers have (part) vacuoles or the claim that if cells are very important because they carry out all of life s activities, then most religions have chants that serve the purpose of nourishing the spirit does not correspond with reality. We know that either either teeth are also epidermal out- individual or dissociative amnesia can occur in response to intolerable stress or the claim that vipers have (part) vacuoles is false. When either teeth are also epidermal out- individual or dissociative amnesia can occur in response to intolerable stress is true, it follows that seats are located in trains. Those that suggest seats are located in trains are wrong.
|
The notion that 'parameters are information' is untrue.
|
The claim that parameters are information holds true.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [1], then [2].) or (Not [0].).
Not (If [1], then [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (Not (If [1], then [2].).).
Not [3]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, Not (If [1], then [2].)..
[SC2-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [4] or [5].) or (Not [3].).
Not (Either [4] or [5].). [SC2-3]
Therefore, Not [3]..
[SC2-3]
Modus Tonens:
If (Either [4] or [5].), then [6].
Not [6].
Therefore, Not (Either [4] or [5].)..
|
{0: 'Parameters are information.', 1: 'Cells are very important because they carry out all of life s activities.', 2: 'Most religions have chants that serve the purpose of nourishing the spirit.', 3: 'Vipers have (part) vacuoles.', 4: 'Teeth are also epidermal out- individual.', 5: 'Dissociative amnesia can occur in response to intolerable stress.', 6: 'Seats are located in trains.'}
| 4 |
3,319 |
['Should it be the case that the claim that if human lice can establish and maintain themselves only on humans, then the claim that godparents are patrons has no merit has no merit, it follows that capacitive reactance is the opposition to change of voltage in a capacitor.', 'The claim that capacitive reactance is the opposition to change of voltage in a capacitor is false.', 'When it is a common misconception that human lice can establish and maintain themselves only on humans is true, it follows that some people mistakenly believe that birds have a natural instinct to preen when their feathers are wet.', 'On the condition that it is a common misconception that human lice can establish and maintain themselves only on humans, it is definitely the case that forget-me-not isa herb.', "Whenever it is true that forget-me-not isa herb, 'birds have a natural instinct to preen when their feathers are wet' is true."]
|
Should it be the case that the claim that if human lice can establish and maintain themselves only on humans, then the claim that godparents are patrons has no merit has no merit, it follows that capacitive reactance is the opposition to change of voltage in a capacitor. The claim that capacitive reactance is the opposition to change of voltage in a capacitor is false. When it is a common misconception that human lice can establish and maintain themselves only on humans is true, it follows that some people mistakenly believe that birds have a natural instinct to preen when their feathers are wet. On the condition that it is a common misconception that human lice can establish and maintain themselves only on humans, it is definitely the case that forget-me-not isa herb. Whenever it is true that forget-me-not isa herb, 'birds have a natural instinct to preen when their feathers are wet' is true.
|
The claim that godparents are patrons has no merit.
|
It is true that godparents are patrons.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].). [SC1-1]
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [1], then (Not [0].).).), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, If [1], then (Not [0].)..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [1].), then [3]. [SC1-2]
If (Not [1].), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, [1].
[SC1-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [1].), then [4].
If [4], then [3].
Therefore, If (Not [1].), then [3]..
|
{0: 'Godparents are patrons.', 1: 'Human lice can establish and maintain themselves only on humans.', 2: 'Capacitive reactance is the opposition to change of voltage in a capacitor.', 3: 'Birds have a natural instinct to preen when their feathers are wet.', 4: 'Forget-me-not isa herb.'}
| 4 |
3,569 |
["Whenever it is true that the notion that 'plantains are herbs' is untrue, 'if sickness is a health problem, then eosinophilia occurs in a wide range of conditions' is true.", "Assuming if direct evidence supports theories, then cardboard boxes contain pictures, papers and other household items, we know that if the notion that 'plantains are herbs' is untrue, then it is not true that if sickness is a health problem, then eosinophilia occurs in a wide range of conditions.", 'Once we know it is not true that either if direct evidence supports theories, then cardboard boxes contain pictures, papers and other household items or either community happens when people of faith mingle to work, play and pray together or most sponges come in various shapes, we also know that lobsters prefer a habitat where they can find shelter.', "Whenever it is true that it is not true that either if direct evidence supports theories, then cardboard boxes contain pictures, papers and other household items or either community happens when people of faith mingle to work, play and pray together or most sponges come in various shapes, 'those that suggest lobsters prefer a habitat where they can find shelter are wrong' is true.", "On the condition that it is not true that if either community happens when people of faith mingle to work, play and pray together or most sponges come in various shapes, then if the notion that 'plantains are herbs' is untrue, then it is not true that if sickness is a health problem, then eosinophilia occurs in a wide range of conditions, it is definitely the case that most pregnant mothers have diets.", 'It is a common misconception that most pregnant mothers have diets.']
|
Whenever it is true that the notion that 'plantains are herbs' is untrue, 'if sickness is a health problem, then eosinophilia occurs in a wide range of conditions' is true. Assuming if direct evidence supports theories, then cardboard boxes contain pictures, papers and other household items, we know that if the notion that 'plantains are herbs' is untrue, then it is not true that if sickness is a health problem, then eosinophilia occurs in a wide range of conditions. Once we know it is not true that either if direct evidence supports theories, then cardboard boxes contain pictures, papers and other household items or either community happens when people of faith mingle to work, play and pray together or most sponges come in various shapes, we also know that lobsters prefer a habitat where they can find shelter. Whenever it is true that it is not true that either if direct evidence supports theories, then cardboard boxes contain pictures, papers and other household items or either community happens when people of faith mingle to work, play and pray together or most sponges come in various shapes, 'those that suggest lobsters prefer a habitat where they can find shelter are wrong' is true. On the condition that it is not true that if either community happens when people of faith mingle to work, play and pray together or most sponges come in various shapes, then if the notion that 'plantains are herbs' is untrue, then it is not true that if sickness is a health problem, then eosinophilia occurs in a wide range of conditions, it is definitely the case that most pregnant mothers have diets. It is a common misconception that most pregnant mothers have diets.
|
The statement that states plantains are herbs is right.
|
The statement 'plantains are herbs' can be considered false.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].).
If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [3], then [4].) or (Either [5] or [6].). [SC1-2]
If (If [3], then [4].), then (If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).).
If (Either [5] or [6].), then (If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).). [SC3-2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).)..
[SC1-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either (If [3], then [4].) or (Either [5] or [6].).).), then [7].
If (Not (Either (If [3], then [4].) or (Either [5] or [6].).).), then (Not [7].).
Therefore, Either (If [3], then [4].) or (Either [5] or [6].)..
[SC3-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Either [5] or [6].), then (If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).).).), then [8].
Not [8].
Therefore, If (Either [5] or [6].), then (If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).)..
|
{0: 'Plantains are herbs.', 1: 'Sickness is a health problem.', 2: 'Eosinophilia occurs in a wide range of conditions.', 3: 'Direct evidence supports theories.', 4: 'Cardboard boxes contain pictures, papers and other household items.', 5: 'Community happens when people of faith mingle to work, play and pray together.', 6: 'Most sponges come in various shapes.', 7: 'Lobsters prefer a habitat where they can find shelter.', 8: 'Most pregnant mothers have diets.'}
| 4 |
3,643 |
['It is a fact that either women also give birth and quite naturally affect the population of the world or some people mistakenly believe that theology is based on revealed truth and on articles of faith.', 'One may reasonably assume that if botulism is a rare but potentially fatal disease that is caused by contaminated food items, then it is a common misconception that women also give birth and quite naturally affect the population of the world.', 'Assuming those that suggest either botulism is a rare but potentially fatal disease that is caused by contaminated food items or diatoms live in aquatic and semi-aquatic habitats are wrong, we know that most spiders have vision.', "The notion that 'most spiders have vision' is untrue.", 'There is good reason to believe that either male peacocks have feathers or if most kids love having their own clock, and most parents love having extra sleep, then honey makes the skin soft and silky and reduces dryness.', 'Once we know male peacocks have feathers, we also know that if diatoms live in aquatic and semi-aquatic habitats, then it is a common misconception that women also give birth and quite naturally affect the population of the world.', 'When if most kids love having their own clock, and most parents love having extra sleep, then honey makes the skin soft and silky and reduces dryness is true, it follows that if diatoms live in aquatic and semi-aquatic habitats, then it is a common misconception that women also give birth and quite naturally affect the population of the world.']
|
It is a fact that either women also give birth and quite naturally affect the population of the world or some people mistakenly believe that theology is based on revealed truth and on articles of faith. One may reasonably assume that if botulism is a rare but potentially fatal disease that is caused by contaminated food items, then it is a common misconception that women also give birth and quite naturally affect the population of the world. Assuming those that suggest either botulism is a rare but potentially fatal disease that is caused by contaminated food items or diatoms live in aquatic and semi-aquatic habitats are wrong, we know that most spiders have vision. The notion that 'most spiders have vision' is untrue. There is good reason to believe that either male peacocks have feathers or if most kids love having their own clock, and most parents love having extra sleep, then honey makes the skin soft and silky and reduces dryness. Once we know male peacocks have feathers, we also know that if diatoms live in aquatic and semi-aquatic habitats, then it is a common misconception that women also give birth and quite naturally affect the population of the world. When if most kids love having their own clock, and most parents love having extra sleep, then honey makes the skin soft and silky and reduces dryness is true, it follows that if diatoms live in aquatic and semi-aquatic habitats, then it is a common misconception that women also give birth and quite naturally affect the population of the world.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that theology is based on revealed truth and on articles of faith.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that theology is based on revealed truth and on articles of faith.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].).
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3]. [SC1-2]
If [2], then (Not [1].).
If [3], then (Not [1].). [SC3-2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
[SC1-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [2] or [3].).), then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, Either [2] or [3]..
[SC3-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [5] or (If [6], then [7].).
If [5], then (If [3], then (Not [1].).).
If (If [6], then [7].), then (If [3], then (Not [1].).).
Therefore, If [3], then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Theology is based on revealed truth and on articles of faith.', 1: 'Women also give birth and quite naturally affect the population of the world.', 2: 'Botulism is a rare but potentially fatal disease that is caused by contaminated food items.', 3: 'Diatoms live in aquatic and semi-aquatic habitats.', 4: 'Most spiders have vision.', 5: 'Male peacocks have feathers.', 6: 'Most kids love having their own clock, and most parents love having extra sleep.', 7: 'Honey makes the skin soft and silky and reduces dryness.'}
| 4 |
3,142 |
['Provided that the claim that apples contain seeds has no merit, we know that avian Farms is a major breeder of broiler parent stock.', 'At least one of two things is true: iguanas are a type of lizard , or school counselors work with students individually, in classrooms, and in small groups.', "Whenever it is true that iguanas are a type of lizard , 'if avian Farms is a major breeder of broiler parent stock, then choanal atresia occurs equally across races' is true.", 'Should it be the case that school counselors work with students individually, in classrooms, and in small groups, it follows that if avian Farms is a major breeder of broiler parent stock, then choanal atresia occurs equally across races.', "So long as solar power plants turn sunlight, 'if avian Farms is a major breeder of broiler parent stock, then the claim that choanal atresia occurs equally across races has no merit' is true.", 'It is reasonable to believe that solar power plants turn sunlight.']
|
Provided that the claim that apples contain seeds has no merit, we know that avian Farms is a major breeder of broiler parent stock. At least one of two things is true: iguanas are a type of lizard , or school counselors work with students individually, in classrooms, and in small groups. Whenever it is true that iguanas are a type of lizard , 'if avian Farms is a major breeder of broiler parent stock, then choanal atresia occurs equally across races' is true. Should it be the case that school counselors work with students individually, in classrooms, and in small groups, it follows that if avian Farms is a major breeder of broiler parent stock, then choanal atresia occurs equally across races. So long as solar power plants turn sunlight, 'if avian Farms is a major breeder of broiler parent stock, then the claim that choanal atresia occurs equally across races has no merit' is true. It is reasonable to believe that solar power plants turn sunlight.
|
The idea that apples contain seeds is true.
|
Apples also pack high amounts of pectin and malice acid, which promote good digestion.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [1], then [2]. [SC1-2]
If [1], then (Not [2].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
[SC1-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [4] or [5].
If [4], then (If [1], then [2].).
If [5], then (If [1], then [2].).
Therefore, If [1], then [2]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If [1], then (Not [2].).).
[3]
Therefore, If [1], then (Not [2].)..
|
{0: 'Apples contain seeds.', 1: 'Avian Farms is a major breeder of broiler parent stock.', 2: 'Choanal atresia occurs equally across races.', 3: 'Solar power plants turn sunlight.', 4: 'Iguanas are a type of lizard .', 5: 'School counselors work with students individually, in classrooms, and in small groups.'}
| 4 |
3,202 |
['Assuming those that suggest geckos commonly use poorly sealed gaps around the home exterior as hiding places during the day are wrong, we know that either black bears are the only kind of bear found in Southern Arizona or most women notice their breasts become fuller and firmer within the first six to eight weeks.', "One may reasonably assume that if some ejaculation occurs over time, then if those that suggest geckos commonly use poorly sealed gaps around the home exterior as hiding places during the day are wrong, then the statement 'either black bears are the only kind of bear found in Southern Arizona or most women notice their breasts become fuller and firmer within the first six to eight weeks' can be considered false.", 'When it is not true that either some ejaculation occurs over time or gallstones are crystalline structures, formed by gradual accretion of components of bile is true, it follows that rabbits metabolize calcium very differently from other animals.', 'If it is not true that either some ejaculation occurs over time or gallstones are crystalline structures, formed by gradual accretion of components of bile, then some people mistakenly believe that rabbits metabolize calcium very differently from other animals.', "We know that either either food is an important part of daily life for Chinese people or cocaine addiction is drug addiction or if gallstones are crystalline structures, formed by gradual accretion of components of bile, then if those that suggest geckos commonly use poorly sealed gaps around the home exterior as hiding places during the day are wrong, then the statement 'either black bears are the only kind of bear found in Southern Arizona or most women notice their breasts become fuller and firmer within the first six to eight weeks' can be considered false.", 'It is not true that either food is an important part of daily life for Chinese people or cocaine addiction is drug addiction.']
|
Assuming those that suggest geckos commonly use poorly sealed gaps around the home exterior as hiding places during the day are wrong, we know that either black bears are the only kind of bear found in Southern Arizona or most women notice their breasts become fuller and firmer within the first six to eight weeks. One may reasonably assume that if some ejaculation occurs over time, then if those that suggest geckos commonly use poorly sealed gaps around the home exterior as hiding places during the day are wrong, then the statement 'either black bears are the only kind of bear found in Southern Arizona or most women notice their breasts become fuller and firmer within the first six to eight weeks' can be considered false. When it is not true that either some ejaculation occurs over time or gallstones are crystalline structures, formed by gradual accretion of components of bile is true, it follows that rabbits metabolize calcium very differently from other animals. If it is not true that either some ejaculation occurs over time or gallstones are crystalline structures, formed by gradual accretion of components of bile, then some people mistakenly believe that rabbits metabolize calcium very differently from other animals. We know that either either food is an important part of daily life for Chinese people or cocaine addiction is drug addiction or if gallstones are crystalline structures, formed by gradual accretion of components of bile, then if those that suggest geckos commonly use poorly sealed gaps around the home exterior as hiding places during the day are wrong, then the statement 'either black bears are the only kind of bear found in Southern Arizona or most women notice their breasts become fuller and firmer within the first six to eight weeks' can be considered false. It is not true that either food is an important part of daily life for Chinese people or cocaine addiction is drug addiction.
|
geckos commonly use poorly sealed gaps around the home exterior as hiding places during the day.
|
Geckos commonly use poorly sealed gaps around the home exterior as hiding places during the day.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).
If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4]. [SC1-2]
If [3], then (If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).).
If [4], then (If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).). [SC3-2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).)..
[SC1-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [3] or [4].).), then [5].
If (Not (Either [3] or [4].).), then (Not [5].).
Therefore, Either [3] or [4]..
[SC3-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [6] or [7].) or (If [4], then (If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).).).
Not (Either [6] or [7].).
Therefore, If [4], then (If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).)..
|
{0: 'Geckos commonly use poorly sealed gaps around the home exterior as hiding places during the day.', 1: 'Black bears are the only kind of bear found in Southern Arizona.', 2: 'Most women notice their breasts become fuller and firmer within the first six to eight weeks.', 3: 'Some ejaculation occurs over time.', 4: 'Gallstones are crystalline structures, formed by gradual accretion of components of bile.', 5: 'Rabbits metabolize calcium very differently from other animals.', 6: 'Food is an important part of daily life for Chinese people.', 7: 'Cocaine addiction is drug addiction.'}
| 4 |
3,413 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: barium sulfate is a radiopaque agent, or some rattlesnakes live in burrows.', 'Assuming some rattlesnakes live in burrows, we know that either a zabaglione is dessert or the statement that states if load balancing is vital in parallel computation, then reptiles are a very diverse animal class is false.', 'Once we know daylilies are amazingly tolerant of over watering and under watering, we also know that the claim that a zabaglione is dessert has no merit.', 'It is a simple truth that daylilies are amazingly tolerant of over watering and under watering.', "If the statement that 'if barium sulfate is a radiopaque agent, then either a zabaglione is dessert or the statement that states if load balancing is vital in parallel computation, then reptiles are a very diverse animal class is false' is incorrect, then corrosive materials can severely irritate, or in come cases, burn the eyes.", 'Some people mistakenly believe that corrosive materials can severely irritate, or in come cases, burn the eyes.']
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: barium sulfate is a radiopaque agent, or some rattlesnakes live in burrows. Assuming some rattlesnakes live in burrows, we know that either a zabaglione is dessert or the statement that states if load balancing is vital in parallel computation, then reptiles are a very diverse animal class is false. Once we know daylilies are amazingly tolerant of over watering and under watering, we also know that the claim that a zabaglione is dessert has no merit. It is a simple truth that daylilies are amazingly tolerant of over watering and under watering. If the statement that 'if barium sulfate is a radiopaque agent, then either a zabaglione is dessert or the statement that states if load balancing is vital in parallel computation, then reptiles are a very diverse animal class is false' is incorrect, then corrosive materials can severely irritate, or in come cases, burn the eyes. Some people mistakenly believe that corrosive materials can severely irritate, or in come cases, burn the eyes.
|
The statement that states if load balancing is vital in parallel computation, then reptiles are a very diverse animal class is false.
|
On the condition that load balancing is vital in parallel computation, it is definitely the case that reptiles are a very diverse animal class.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Not (If [0], then [1].).). [SC1-1]
Not [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (Either [2] or (Not (If [0], then [1].).).). [SC2-2]
If [4], then (Either [2] or (Not (If [0], then [1].).).).
Therefore, Either [2] or (Not (If [0], then [1].).)..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [3], then (Either [2] or (Not (If [0], then [1].).).).).), then [6].
Not [6].
Therefore, If [3], then (Either [2] or (Not (If [0], then [1].).).)..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [5], then (Not [2].).
[5]
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Load balancing is vital in parallel computation.', 1: 'Reptiles are a very diverse animal class.', 2: 'A zabaglione is dessert.', 3: 'Barium sulfate is a radiopaque agent.', 4: 'Some rattlesnakes live in burrows.', 5: 'Daylilies are amazingly tolerant of over watering and under watering.', 6: 'Corrosive materials can severely irritate, or in come cases, burn the eyes.'}
| 4 |
3,196 |
['It is rational to believe that either either cowboys are a major part of American folklore or barons have (part) cytoplasm or if if vicars have (part) nuclei, then tayras have (part) cytoplasm, then lack of exercise increases the likelihood of gallstone formation.', 'The claim that either cowboys are a major part of American folklore or barons have (part) cytoplasm does not reflect reality.', 'The claim that nativity is located in one of the poorest areas of Detroit and is rapidly becoming poorer does not reflect reality.', 'We know that either either some animals use biological concepts or alpha rays have a net positive charge or if lack of exercise increases the likelihood of gallstone formation, then nativity is located in one of the poorest areas of Detroit and is rapidly becoming poorer.', 'We know that the claim that either some animals use biological concepts or alpha rays have a net positive charge is false.']
|
It is rational to believe that either either cowboys are a major part of American folklore or barons have (part) cytoplasm or if if vicars have (part) nuclei, then tayras have (part) cytoplasm, then lack of exercise increases the likelihood of gallstone formation. The claim that either cowboys are a major part of American folklore or barons have (part) cytoplasm does not reflect reality. The claim that nativity is located in one of the poorest areas of Detroit and is rapidly becoming poorer does not reflect reality. We know that either either some animals use biological concepts or alpha rays have a net positive charge or if lack of exercise increases the likelihood of gallstone formation, then nativity is located in one of the poorest areas of Detroit and is rapidly becoming poorer. We know that the claim that either some animals use biological concepts or alpha rays have a net positive charge is false.
|
It is not true that if vicars have (part) nuclei, then tayras have (part) cytoplasm.
|
Provided that vicars have (part) nuclei, we know that tayras have (part) cytoplasm
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (If [0], then [1].), then [2]. [SC1-1]
Not [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [3] or [4].) or (If (If [0], then [1].), then [2].).
Not (Either [3] or [4].).
Therefore, If (If [0], then [1].), then [2]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [2], then [5]. [SC1-2]
Not [5].
Therefore, Not [2]..
[SC1-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [6] or [7].) or (If [2], then [5].).
Not (Either [6] or [7].).
Therefore, If [2], then [5]..
|
{0: 'Vicars have (part) nuclei.', 1: 'Tayras have (part) cytoplasm.', 2: 'Lack of exercise increases the likelihood of gallstone formation.', 3: 'Cowboys are a major part of American folklore.', 4: 'Barons have (part) cytoplasm.', 5: 'Nativity is located in one of the poorest areas of Detroit and is rapidly becoming poorer.', 6: 'Some animals use biological concepts.', 7: 'Alpha rays have a net positive charge.'}
| 4 |
3,264 |
['It is not true that prescription drugs exist that can treat the cravings seen in alcoholics.', 'It is rational to believe that either most birds have chambers or wood pulp is another popular fiber in paper manufacture.', 'Assuming either most birds have chambers or wood pulp is another popular fiber in paper manufacture, we know that australopithecines are very real, extinct primates.', "Once we know the statement that 'if australopithecines are very real, extinct primates, then either prescription drugs exist that can treat the cravings seen in alcoholics or some sediments contain climatic indicators' is incorrect, we also know that environmental justice opposes the destructive operations of multi-national corporations.", 'The statement that states environmental justice opposes the destructive operations of multi-national corporations is false.']
|
It is not true that prescription drugs exist that can treat the cravings seen in alcoholics. It is rational to believe that either most birds have chambers or wood pulp is another popular fiber in paper manufacture. Assuming either most birds have chambers or wood pulp is another popular fiber in paper manufacture, we know that australopithecines are very real, extinct primates. Once we know the statement that 'if australopithecines are very real, extinct primates, then either prescription drugs exist that can treat the cravings seen in alcoholics or some sediments contain climatic indicators' is incorrect, we also know that environmental justice opposes the destructive operations of multi-national corporations. The statement that states environmental justice opposes the destructive operations of multi-national corporations is false.
|
It is fair to say that some sediments contain climatic indicators.
|
It is fair to say that some sediments contain climatic indicators.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [2] or [3].), then (Either [1] or [0].). [SC1-2]
Either [2] or [3].
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
[SC1-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Either [2] or [3].), then [4].
If [4], then (Either [1] or [0].). [SC2-3]
Therefore, If (Either [2] or [3].), then (Either [1] or [0].)..
[SC2-3]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [4], then (Either [1] or [0].).).), then [5].
Not [5].
Therefore, If [4], then (Either [1] or [0].)..
|
{0: 'Some sediments contain climatic indicators.', 1: 'Prescription drugs exist that can treat the cravings seen in alcoholics.', 2: 'Most birds have chambers.', 3: 'Wood pulp is another popular fiber in paper manufacture.', 4: 'Australopithecines are very real, extinct primates.', 5: 'Environmental justice opposes the destructive operations of multi-national corporations.'}
| 4 |
3,531 |
['On the condition that we know that the claim that if the statement that states most fish have flavor is false, then respiratory diseases can become quite severe in kittens, and can even be fatal is false, it is definitely the case that most tapirs have fur.', 'The claim that most tapirs have fur is false.', 'One may reasonably assume that if snares placed in trails or under fences can successfully capture furbearers, then the claim that respiratory diseases can become quite severe in kittens, and can even be fatal has no merit.', "So long as either squirrels also dislike garlic and black pepper smells or cucumbers are similar, but they can be trained to climb a trellis, 'the claim that respiratory diseases can become quite severe in kittens, and can even be fatal has no merit' is true.", 'When lianas provide critical connections among trees to allow arboreal animals to move from tree to tree is true, it follows that either snares placed in trails or under fences can successfully capture furbearers or either squirrels also dislike garlic and black pepper smells or cucumbers are similar, but they can be trained to climb a trellis.', 'Those that suggest lianas provide critical connections among trees to allow arboreal animals to move from tree to tree are right.']
|
On the condition that we know that the claim that if the statement that states most fish have flavor is false, then respiratory diseases can become quite severe in kittens, and can even be fatal is false, it is definitely the case that most tapirs have fur. The claim that most tapirs have fur is false. One may reasonably assume that if snares placed in trails or under fences can successfully capture furbearers, then the claim that respiratory diseases can become quite severe in kittens, and can even be fatal has no merit. So long as either squirrels also dislike garlic and black pepper smells or cucumbers are similar, but they can be trained to climb a trellis, 'the claim that respiratory diseases can become quite severe in kittens, and can even be fatal has no merit' is true. When lianas provide critical connections among trees to allow arboreal animals to move from tree to tree is true, it follows that either snares placed in trails or under fences can successfully capture furbearers or either squirrels also dislike garlic and black pepper smells or cucumbers are similar, but they can be trained to climb a trellis. Those that suggest lianas provide critical connections among trees to allow arboreal animals to move from tree to tree are right.
|
It is rational to agree that most fish have flavor.
|
The statement, most fish have flavor, does not hold.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or (Either [4] or [5].). [SC1-2]
If [3], then (Not [1].).
If (Either [4] or [5].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
[SC1-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [6], then (Either [3] or (Either [4] or [5].).).
[6]
Therefore, Either [3] or (Either [4] or [5].)..
|
{0: 'Most fish have flavor.', 1: 'Respiratory diseases can become quite severe in kittens, and can even be fatal.', 2: 'Most tapirs have fur.', 3: 'Snares placed in trails or under fences can successfully capture furbearers.', 4: 'Squirrels also dislike garlic and black pepper smells.', 5: 'Cucumbers are similar, but they can be trained to climb a trellis.', 6: 'Lianas provide critical connections among trees to allow arboreal animals to move from tree to tree.'}
| 4 |
3,252 |
['Many people rightly believe that censorship exists all through the world.', "So long as rape occurs in many different forms and remains the most underreported crime, 'if either birth takes place in isolation and the precocial young can stand and walk shortly after birth or wind consists of pressure gradient forces, then if censorship exists all through the world, then either a guar is a legume or breakdowns are collapses' is true.", 'It is a simple truth that rape occurs in many different forms and remains the most underreported crime.', 'We know that at least one of two things is true: bone is stronger, inch for inch, than the steel in skyscrapers, or if social psychology explains both society and the individual, then alcohol is only one of many mood-altering drugs, many of which are marketed as medicines.', 'Assuming bone is stronger, inch for inch, than the steel in skyscrapers, we know that birth takes place in isolation and the precocial young can stand and walk shortly after birth.', 'Assuming if social psychology explains both society and the individual, then alcohol is only one of many mood-altering drugs, many of which are marketed as medicines, we know that wind consists of pressure gradient forces.']
|
Many people rightly believe that censorship exists all through the world. So long as rape occurs in many different forms and remains the most underreported crime, 'if either birth takes place in isolation and the precocial young can stand and walk shortly after birth or wind consists of pressure gradient forces, then if censorship exists all through the world, then either a guar is a legume or breakdowns are collapses' is true. It is a simple truth that rape occurs in many different forms and remains the most underreported crime. We know that at least one of two things is true: bone is stronger, inch for inch, than the steel in skyscrapers, or if social psychology explains both society and the individual, then alcohol is only one of many mood-altering drugs, many of which are marketed as medicines. Assuming bone is stronger, inch for inch, than the steel in skyscrapers, we know that birth takes place in isolation and the precocial young can stand and walk shortly after birth. Assuming if social psychology explains both society and the individual, then alcohol is only one of many mood-altering drugs, many of which are marketed as medicines, we know that wind consists of pressure gradient forces.
|
Either a guar is a legume or breakdowns are collapses.
|
The claim that either a guar is a legume or breakdowns are collapses does not correspond with reality.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].). [SC1-1]
[2]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [3] or [4].), then (If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).). [SC1-2]
Either [3] or [4]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].)..
[SC1-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [8], then (If (Either [3] or [4].), then (If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).).).
[8]
Therefore, If (Either [3] or [4].), then (If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).)..
[SC2-2]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [5] or (If [6], then [7].).
If [5], then [3].
If (If [6], then [7].), then [4].
Therefore, Either [3] or [4]..
|
{0: 'A guar is a legume.', 1: 'Breakdowns are collapses.', 2: 'Censorship exists all through the world.', 3: 'Birth takes place in isolation and the precocial young can stand and walk shortly after birth.', 4: 'Wind consists of pressure gradient forces.', 5: 'Bone is stronger, inch for inch, than the steel in skyscrapers.', 6: 'Social psychology explains both society and the individual.', 7: 'Alcohol is only one of many mood-altering drugs, many of which are marketed as medicines.', 8: 'Rape occurs in many different forms and remains the most underreported crime.'}
| 4 |
3,576 |
['We know that the claim that eyes can be as big as saucers or just tiny dots is false.', 'When spores contain all normal mycelial organelles is true, it follows that wetlands are areas that have standing water for at least part of the year.', 'spores contain all normal mycelial organelles.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: humans are located in civilisation, or if tigers consume deer, then sensation is the non-resembling means that provokes the figure.', 'Assuming humans are located in civilisation, we know that either eyes can be as big as saucers or just tiny dots or if wetlands are areas that have standing water for at least part of the year, then most people develop some osteoarthritis as they age, simply from constant use of their joints.', 'Assuming if tigers consume deer, then sensation is the non-resembling means that provokes the figure, we know that either eyes can be as big as saucers or just tiny dots or if wetlands are areas that have standing water for at least part of the year, then most people develop some osteoarthritis as they age, simply from constant use of their joints.']
|
We know that the claim that eyes can be as big as saucers or just tiny dots is false. When spores contain all normal mycelial organelles is true, it follows that wetlands are areas that have standing water for at least part of the year. spores contain all normal mycelial organelles. Either one or both of these statements are true: humans are located in civilisation, or if tigers consume deer, then sensation is the non-resembling means that provokes the figure. Assuming humans are located in civilisation, we know that either eyes can be as big as saucers or just tiny dots or if wetlands are areas that have standing water for at least part of the year, then most people develop some osteoarthritis as they age, simply from constant use of their joints. Assuming if tigers consume deer, then sensation is the non-resembling means that provokes the figure, we know that either eyes can be as big as saucers or just tiny dots or if wetlands are areas that have standing water for at least part of the year, then most people develop some osteoarthritis as they age, simply from constant use of their joints.
|
It is true that most people develop some osteoarthritis as they age, simply from constant use of their joints.
|
The statement, most people develop some osteoarthritis as they age, simply from constant use of their joints, does not hold.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If [1], then [0].). [SC1-2]
Not [2].
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC1-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [4] or (If [5], then [6].).
If [4], then (Either [2] or (If [1], then [0].).).
If (If [5], then [6].), then (Either [2] or (If [1], then [0].).).
Therefore, Either [2] or (If [1], then [0].)..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then [1].
[3]
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Most people develop some osteoarthritis as they age, simply from constant use of their joints.', 1: 'Wetlands are areas that have standing water for at least part of the year.', 2: 'Eyes can be as big as saucers or just tiny dots.', 3: 'Spores contain all normal mycelial organelles.', 4: 'Humans are located in civilisation.', 5: 'Tigers consume deer.', 6: 'Sensation is the non-resembling means that provokes the figure.'}
| 4 |
3,738 |
['On the condition that all human beings change over the years, it is definitely the case that if snakes are located in parks, then peaceful rest relieves stress and is good for both the mind and the body.', 'Many people rightly believe that all human beings change over the years.', 'When western huckleberry provides good cover for a variety of wildlife species is true, it follows that some people mistakenly believe that peaceful rest relieves stress and is good for both the mind and the body.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: if oil provides a route for heat to escape, then insomnia is a frequent symptom indicative of overt or underlying depression, or if osteosarcomas arise from abnormal bone-producing cells, then faith is expressed through cultural expressions.', "So long as if oil provides a route for heat to escape, then insomnia is a frequent symptom indicative of overt or underlying depression, 'if snakes are located in parks, then western huckleberry provides good cover for a variety of wildlife species' is true.", 'One may reasonably assume that if if osteosarcomas arise from abnormal bone-producing cells, then faith is expressed through cultural expressions, then if snakes are located in parks, then western huckleberry provides good cover for a variety of wildlife species.']
|
On the condition that all human beings change over the years, it is definitely the case that if snakes are located in parks, then peaceful rest relieves stress and is good for both the mind and the body. Many people rightly believe that all human beings change over the years. When western huckleberry provides good cover for a variety of wildlife species is true, it follows that some people mistakenly believe that peaceful rest relieves stress and is good for both the mind and the body. Either one or both of these statements are true: if oil provides a route for heat to escape, then insomnia is a frequent symptom indicative of overt or underlying depression, or if osteosarcomas arise from abnormal bone-producing cells, then faith is expressed through cultural expressions. So long as if oil provides a route for heat to escape, then insomnia is a frequent symptom indicative of overt or underlying depression, 'if snakes are located in parks, then western huckleberry provides good cover for a variety of wildlife species' is true. One may reasonably assume that if if osteosarcomas arise from abnormal bone-producing cells, then faith is expressed through cultural expressions, then if snakes are located in parks, then western huckleberry provides good cover for a variety of wildlife species.
|
The claim that snakes are located in parks does not reflect reality.
|
The claim that snakes are located in parks does not reflect reality.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
If [0], then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If [0], then [1].).
[3]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [0], then [2]. [SC1-2]
If [2], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, If [0], then (Not [1].)..
[SC1-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [4], then [5].) or (If [6], then [7].).
If (If [4], then [5].), then (If [0], then [2].).
If (If [6], then [7].), then (If [0], then [2].).
Therefore, If [0], then [2]..
|
{0: 'Snakes are located in parks.', 1: 'Peaceful rest relieves stress and is good for both the mind and the body.', 2: 'Western huckleberry provides good cover for a variety of wildlife species.', 3: 'All human beings change over the years.', 4: 'Oil provides a route for heat to escape.', 5: 'Insomnia is a frequent symptom indicative of overt or underlying depression.', 6: 'Osteosarcomas arise from abnormal bone-producing cells.', 7: 'Faith is expressed through cultural expressions.'}
| 4 |
3,299 |
['It is rational to agree that pupas have (part) brains.', 'It is a fact that either if utopian philosophy can be the goal that unites the world for good and noble actions, then eye defect in which light focusses behind the retina, instead of on it or if spider mites are hard to eradicate, then seahorses can be expensive.', 'Some people mistakenly believe that if utopian philosophy can be the goal that unites the world for good and noble actions, then eye defect in which light focusses behind the retina, instead of on it.', 'At least one of two things is true: some mushrooms increase cholesterol excretion, or stroke kills more than twice as many American women each year as breast cancer.', 'When some mushrooms increase cholesterol excretion is true, it follows that if pupas have (part) brains, then if if spider mites are hard to eradicate, then seahorses can be expensive, then money is also a big factor in Zimbabwe cricket.', "Whenever it is true that stroke kills more than twice as many American women each year as breast cancer, 'if pupas have (part) brains, then if if spider mites are hard to eradicate, then seahorses can be expensive, then money is also a big factor in Zimbabwe cricket' is true."]
|
It is rational to agree that pupas have (part) brains. It is a fact that either if utopian philosophy can be the goal that unites the world for good and noble actions, then eye defect in which light focusses behind the retina, instead of on it or if spider mites are hard to eradicate, then seahorses can be expensive. Some people mistakenly believe that if utopian philosophy can be the goal that unites the world for good and noble actions, then eye defect in which light focusses behind the retina, instead of on it. At least one of two things is true: some mushrooms increase cholesterol excretion, or stroke kills more than twice as many American women each year as breast cancer. When some mushrooms increase cholesterol excretion is true, it follows that if pupas have (part) brains, then if if spider mites are hard to eradicate, then seahorses can be expensive, then money is also a big factor in Zimbabwe cricket. Whenever it is true that stroke kills more than twice as many American women each year as breast cancer, 'if pupas have (part) brains, then if if spider mites are hard to eradicate, then seahorses can be expensive, then money is also a big factor in Zimbabwe cricket' is true.
|
The claim that money is also a big factor in Zimbabwe cricket is true.
|
The claim that money is also a big factor in Zimbabwe cricket is true.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If (If [1], then [2].), then [0]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If (If [1], then [2].), then [0].). [SC1-2]
[3]
Therefore, If (If [1], then [2].), then [0]..
[SC1-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [6] or [7].
If [6], then (If [3], then (If (If [1], then [2].), then [0].).).
If [7], then (If [3], then (If (If [1], then [2].), then [0].).).
Therefore, If [3], then (If (If [1], then [2].), then [0].)..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [4], then [5].) or (If [1], then [2].).
Not (If [4], then [5].).
Therefore, If [1], then [2]..
|
{0: 'Money is also a big factor in Zimbabwe cricket.', 1: 'Spider mites are hard to eradicate.', 2: 'Seahorses can be expensive.', 3: 'Pupas have (part) brains.', 4: 'Utopian philosophy can be the goal that unites the world for good and noble actions.', 5: 'Eye defect in which light focusses behind the retina, instead of on it.', 6: 'Some mushrooms increase cholesterol excretion.', 7: 'Stroke kills more than twice as many American women each year as breast cancer.'}
| 4 |
3,740 |
['When it is a common misconception that if direct discrimination means treatment that is obviously unfair or unequal, then it is a common misconception that either monotremes also lack nipples for giving milk to there young or some arctic hares eat willows is true, it follows that lorries are trucks.', 'We know that at least one of two things is true: fast food hamburgers come from dairy cattle, or either most potato plants contain chemicals or turkey is a popular holiday dish.', 'Provided that fast food hamburgers come from dairy cattle, we know that direct discrimination means treatment that is obviously unfair or unequal.', 'Once we know either most potato plants contain chemicals or turkey is a popular holiday dish, we also know that direct discrimination means treatment that is obviously unfair or unequal.', "Whenever it is true that lorries are trucks, 'bums are located in beachs' is true.", 'Those that suggest bums are located in beachs are wrong.']
|
When it is a common misconception that if direct discrimination means treatment that is obviously unfair or unequal, then it is a common misconception that either monotremes also lack nipples for giving milk to there young or some arctic hares eat willows is true, it follows that lorries are trucks. We know that at least one of two things is true: fast food hamburgers come from dairy cattle, or either most potato plants contain chemicals or turkey is a popular holiday dish. Provided that fast food hamburgers come from dairy cattle, we know that direct discrimination means treatment that is obviously unfair or unequal. Once we know either most potato plants contain chemicals or turkey is a popular holiday dish, we also know that direct discrimination means treatment that is obviously unfair or unequal. Whenever it is true that lorries are trucks, 'bums are located in beachs' is true. Those that suggest bums are located in beachs are wrong.
|
It is a common misconception that either monotremes also lack nipples for giving milk to there young or some arctic hares eat willows.
|
It is not the case that monotremes lack teeth as adults and have an unusual cranial shape.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Not (Either [0] or [1].).). [SC1-1]
[2] [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not (Either [0] or [1].)..
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [2], then (Not (Either [0] or [1].).).).), then [3].
Not [3]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [2], then (Not (Either [0] or [1].).)..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If [3], then [7].
Not [7].
Therefore, Not [3]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [4] or (Either [5] or [6].).
If [4], then [2].
If (Either [5] or [6].), then [2].
Therefore, [2].
|
{0: 'Monotremes also lack nipples for giving milk to there young.', 1: 'Some arctic hares eat willows.', 2: 'Direct discrimination means treatment that is obviously unfair or unequal.', 3: 'Lorries are trucks.', 4: 'Fast food hamburgers come from dairy cattle.', 5: 'Most potato plants contain chemicals.', 6: 'Turkey is a popular holiday dish.', 7: 'Bums are located in beachs.'}
| 4 |
3,247 |
["So long as lean meat has less cholesterol than fatty meat, 'if if estrogens have risks including increased clotting and breast cancer, then cabbage contains nutrients that help to heal stomach ulcers and improve varicose veins, then kennels usually use the stronger strength when a dog is checked out' is true.", 'Either snakes occupy habitats or either song sparrows are birds or temperature yields same results.', "So long as snakes occupy habitats, 'it is not the case that kennels usually use the stronger strength when a dog is checked out' is true.", 'If either song sparrows are birds or temperature yields same results, then it is not the case that kennels usually use the stronger strength when a dog is checked out.', "Whenever it is true that chinchillas vary in temperament, 'lean meat has less cholesterol than fatty meat' is true.", 'It is fair to say that chinchillas vary in temperament.']
|
So long as lean meat has less cholesterol than fatty meat, 'if if estrogens have risks including increased clotting and breast cancer, then cabbage contains nutrients that help to heal stomach ulcers and improve varicose veins, then kennels usually use the stronger strength when a dog is checked out' is true. Either snakes occupy habitats or either song sparrows are birds or temperature yields same results. So long as snakes occupy habitats, 'it is not the case that kennels usually use the stronger strength when a dog is checked out' is true. If either song sparrows are birds or temperature yields same results, then it is not the case that kennels usually use the stronger strength when a dog is checked out. Whenever it is true that chinchillas vary in temperament, 'lean meat has less cholesterol than fatty meat' is true. It is fair to say that chinchillas vary in temperament.
|
We know that the claim that if estrogens have risks including increased clotting and breast cancer, then cabbage contains nutrients that help to heal stomach ulcers and improve varicose veins is false.
|
We know that the claim that if estrogens have risks including increased clotting and breast cancer, then cabbage contains nutrients that help to heal stomach ulcers and improve varicose veins is false.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (If [0], then [1].), then [2]. [SC1-1]
Not [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [6], then (If (If [0], then [1].), then [2].).
[6] [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (If [0], then [1].), then [2]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [7], then [6].
[7]
Therefore, [6].
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or (Either [4] or [5].).
If [3], then (Not [2].).
If (Either [4] or [5].), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Estrogens have risks including increased clotting and breast cancer.', 1: 'Cabbage contains nutrients that help to heal stomach ulcers and improve varicose veins.', 2: 'Kennels usually use the stronger strength when a dog is checked out.', 3: 'Snakes occupy habitats.', 4: 'Song sparrows are birds.', 5: 'Temperature yields same results.', 6: 'Lean meat has less cholesterol than fatty meat.', 7: 'Chinchillas vary in temperament.'}
| 4 |
3,926 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: corns can be very painful and generally occur at prominences such as the little toe, or hazardous chemicals are chemical substances.', 'On the condition that corns can be very painful and generally occur at prominences such as the little toe, it is definitely the case that if bulls grow antlers, then extreme sports can often lead to extreme injuries.', 'If most blue herons live for years, then bulls grow antlers.', 'The claim that most blue herons live for years is true.', 'One may reasonably assume that if solutions are mixture, then if hazardous chemicals are chemical substances, then if bulls grow antlers, then extreme sports can often lead to extreme injuries.', 'The claim that solutions are mixture holds true.']
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: corns can be very painful and generally occur at prominences such as the little toe, or hazardous chemicals are chemical substances. On the condition that corns can be very painful and generally occur at prominences such as the little toe, it is definitely the case that if bulls grow antlers, then extreme sports can often lead to extreme injuries. If most blue herons live for years, then bulls grow antlers. The claim that most blue herons live for years is true. One may reasonably assume that if solutions are mixture, then if hazardous chemicals are chemical substances, then if bulls grow antlers, then extreme sports can often lead to extreme injuries. The claim that solutions are mixture holds true.
|
The idea that extreme sports can often lead to extreme injuries is true.
|
The claim that extreme sports can often lead to extreme injuries is false.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (If [1], then [0].).
If [3], then (If [1], then [0].). [SC3-2]
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC3-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [5], then (If [3], then (If [1], then [0].).).
[5]
Therefore, If [3], then (If [1], then [0].)..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then [1].
[4]
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Extreme sports can often lead to extreme injuries.', 1: 'Bulls grow antlers.', 2: 'Corns can be very painful and generally occur at prominences such as the little toe.', 3: 'Hazardous chemicals are chemical substances.', 4: 'Most blue herons live for years.', 5: 'Solutions are mixture.'}
| 4 |
3,412 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: lullaby isa song, or either oaks are also among the dominant trees of the Chaparral region of California or silver chloride is by definition the precipitation of salt crystals within the solution.', 'Either either wetlands provide critical habitat for waterbirds, fish, amphibians and hundreds of plant species or larger bodies can also have charge, either negative or positive or those that suggest oaks are also among the dominant trees of the Chaparral region of California are wrong.', 'The claim that either wetlands provide critical habitat for waterbirds, fish, amphibians and hundreds of plant species or larger bodies can also have charge, either negative or positive does not correspond with reality.', "If borers can attack the trunk and larger branches, especially if the plants are under stress, then the statement 'lullaby isa song' can be considered false.", 'The idea that borers can attack the trunk and larger branches, especially if the plants are under stress is true.']
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: lullaby isa song, or either oaks are also among the dominant trees of the Chaparral region of California or silver chloride is by definition the precipitation of salt crystals within the solution. Either either wetlands provide critical habitat for waterbirds, fish, amphibians and hundreds of plant species or larger bodies can also have charge, either negative or positive or those that suggest oaks are also among the dominant trees of the Chaparral region of California are wrong. The claim that either wetlands provide critical habitat for waterbirds, fish, amphibians and hundreds of plant species or larger bodies can also have charge, either negative or positive does not correspond with reality. If borers can attack the trunk and larger branches, especially if the plants are under stress, then the statement 'lullaby isa song' can be considered false. The idea that borers can attack the trunk and larger branches, especially if the plants are under stress is true.
|
It is true that silver chloride is by definition the precipitation of salt crystals within the solution.
|
It is true that silver chloride is by definition the precipitation of salt crystals within the solution.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Either [1] or [0].).
Not [2]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [5], then (Not [2].).
[5]
Therefore, Not [2]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [3] or [4].) or (Not [1].).
Not (Either [3] or [4].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Silver chloride is by definition the precipitation of salt crystals within the solution.', 1: 'Oaks are also among the dominant trees of the Chaparral region of California.', 2: 'Lullaby isa song.', 3: 'Wetlands provide critical habitat for waterbirds, fish, amphibians and hundreds of plant species.', 4: 'Larger bodies can also have charge, either negative or positive.', 5: 'Borers can attack the trunk and larger branches, especially if the plants are under stress.'}
| 4 |
3,389 |
['On the condition that sexual harassment takes many forms and includes many kinds of behaviors, it is definitely the case that fresh pollen varies in taste depending upon the flowers from which it was gathered.', 'There is good reason to believe that either either locusts occur in patches or natural mink has a depth of color and a range of hue or if fresh pollen varies in taste depending upon the flowers from which it was gathered, then some eyelids are part of faces.', 'Some people mistakenly believe that either locusts occur in patches or natural mink has a depth of color and a range of hue.', 'Should it be the case that unmarried women tend to be younger than married women in the suburbs, who tend to be older, it follows that if terms of Art are words that mean something more than the obvious meaning, then sexual harassment takes many forms and includes many kinds of behaviors.', 'Many people rightly believe that unmarried women tend to be younger than married women in the suburbs, who tend to be older.']
|
On the condition that sexual harassment takes many forms and includes many kinds of behaviors, it is definitely the case that fresh pollen varies in taste depending upon the flowers from which it was gathered. There is good reason to believe that either either locusts occur in patches or natural mink has a depth of color and a range of hue or if fresh pollen varies in taste depending upon the flowers from which it was gathered, then some eyelids are part of faces. Some people mistakenly believe that either locusts occur in patches or natural mink has a depth of color and a range of hue. Should it be the case that unmarried women tend to be younger than married women in the suburbs, who tend to be older, it follows that if terms of Art are words that mean something more than the obvious meaning, then sexual harassment takes many forms and includes many kinds of behaviors. Many people rightly believe that unmarried women tend to be younger than married women in the suburbs, who tend to be older.
|
Assuming terms of Art are words that mean something more than the obvious meaning, we know that some eyelids are part of faces.
|
The statement 'if terms of Art are words that mean something more than the obvious meaning, then some eyelids are part of faces' can be considered false.
|
FALSE
|
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [0], then [2]. [SC1-1]
If [2], then [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [0], then [5]. [SC1-2]
If [5], then [2].
Therefore, If [0], then [2]..
[SC1-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [6], then (If [0], then [5].).
[6]
Therefore, If [0], then [5]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [3] or [4].) or (If [2], then [1].).
Not (Either [3] or [4].).
Therefore, If [2], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Terms of Art are words that mean something more than the obvious meaning.', 1: 'Some eyelids are part of faces.', 2: 'Fresh pollen varies in taste depending upon the flowers from which it was gathered.', 3: 'Locusts occur in patches.', 4: 'Natural mink has a depth of color and a range of hue.', 5: 'Sexual harassment takes many forms and includes many kinds of behaviors.', 6: 'Unmarried women tend to be younger than married women in the suburbs, who tend to be older.'}
| 4 |
3,796 |
['It is reasonable to believe that groundhogs are the largest members of the squirrel family.', 'We know that either lakes are deep with permanent water, regularly supplied with an inflow of water or either school buses are automobiles or basic density is oven-dry mass divided by green volume.', "Whenever it is true that lakes are deep with permanent water, regularly supplied with an inflow of water, 'if groundhogs are the largest members of the squirrel family, then the statement that 'katydids feed chiefly on plant matter, though some species are predatory, feeding on other insects' is incorrect' is true.", 'The claim that hybrid bass are fast growers is false.', "Given that chairs are located in auditoriums, it can be inferred that either hybrid bass are fast growers or if either school buses are automobiles or basic density is oven-dry mass divided by green volume, then if groundhogs are the largest members of the squirrel family, then the statement that 'katydids feed chiefly on plant matter, though some species are predatory, feeding on other insects' is incorrect.", 'Many people rightly believe that chairs are located in auditoriums.']
|
It is reasonable to believe that groundhogs are the largest members of the squirrel family. We know that either lakes are deep with permanent water, regularly supplied with an inflow of water or either school buses are automobiles or basic density is oven-dry mass divided by green volume. Whenever it is true that lakes are deep with permanent water, regularly supplied with an inflow of water, 'if groundhogs are the largest members of the squirrel family, then the statement that 'katydids feed chiefly on plant matter, though some species are predatory, feeding on other insects' is incorrect' is true. The claim that hybrid bass are fast growers is false. Given that chairs are located in auditoriums, it can be inferred that either hybrid bass are fast growers or if either school buses are automobiles or basic density is oven-dry mass divided by green volume, then if groundhogs are the largest members of the squirrel family, then the statement that 'katydids feed chiefly on plant matter, though some species are predatory, feeding on other insects' is incorrect. Many people rightly believe that chairs are located in auditoriums.
|
The statement that 'katydids feed chiefly on plant matter, though some species are predatory, feeding on other insects' is incorrect.
|
The statement that 'katydids feed chiefly on plant matter, though some species are predatory, feeding on other insects' is incorrect.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].). [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or (Either [3] or [4].).
If [2], then (If [1], then (Not [0].).).
If (Either [3] or [4].), then (If [1], then (Not [0].).). [SC3-2]
Therefore, If [1], then (Not [0].)..
[SC3-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [5] or (If (Either [3] or [4].), then (If [1], then (Not [0].).).). [SC1-3]
Not [5].
Therefore, If (Either [3] or [4].), then (If [1], then (Not [0].).)..
[SC1-3]
Modus Ponens:
If [6], then (Either [5] or (If (Either [3] or [4].), then (If [1], then (Not [0].).).).).
[6]
Therefore, Either [5] or (If (Either [3] or [4].), then (If [1], then (Not [0].).).)..
|
{0: 'Katydids feed chiefly on plant matter, though some species are predatory, feeding on other insects.', 1: 'Groundhogs are the largest members of the squirrel family.', 2: 'Lakes are deep with permanent water, regularly supplied with an inflow of water.', 3: 'School buses are automobiles.', 4: 'Basic density is oven-dry mass divided by green volume.', 5: 'Hybrid bass are fast growers.', 6: 'Chairs are located in auditoriums.'}
| 4 |
3,601 |
["At least one of two things is true: either most houses have places Where cleaners are stored or fathers are more likely to disregard cues and direct the baby's attention to other things, or causal assertions are normal and useful for talking about entities that have intentions.", "Provided that either most houses have places Where cleaners are stored or fathers are more likely to disregard cues and direct the baby's attention to other things, we know that tradition is the handing down of statements, beliefs, actions, legends, and customs.", 'Those that suggest some elephants have succession are wrong.', "It is a fact that either either primary education is compulsory for all children or ethnic rivalries emanate from quarrels over scarce resources or land space or either some elephants have succession or the notion that 'tradition is the handing down of statements, beliefs, actions, legends, and customs' is untrue.", "The notion that 'either primary education is compulsory for all children or ethnic rivalries emanate from quarrels over scarce resources or land space' is untrue."]
|
At least one of two things is true: either most houses have places Where cleaners are stored or fathers are more likely to disregard cues and direct the baby's attention to other things, or causal assertions are normal and useful for talking about entities that have intentions. Provided that either most houses have places Where cleaners are stored or fathers are more likely to disregard cues and direct the baby's attention to other things, we know that tradition is the handing down of statements, beliefs, actions, legends, and customs. Those that suggest some elephants have succession are wrong. It is a fact that either either primary education is compulsory for all children or ethnic rivalries emanate from quarrels over scarce resources or land space or either some elephants have succession or the notion that 'tradition is the handing down of statements, beliefs, actions, legends, and customs' is untrue. The notion that 'either primary education is compulsory for all children or ethnic rivalries emanate from quarrels over scarce resources or land space' is untrue.
|
It is rational to agree that causal assertions are normal and useful for talking about entities that have intentions.
|
Voles have broader faces than other small rodents with smaller ears and beady eyes.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [0].
Not (Either [1] or [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Either [1] or [2].), then [3].
Not [3]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, Not (Either [1] or [2].)..
[SC2-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [4] or (Not [3].). [SC1-3]
Not [4].
Therefore, Not [3]..
[SC1-3]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [5] or [6].) or (Either [4] or (Not [3].).).
Not (Either [5] or [6].).
Therefore, Either [4] or (Not [3].)..
|
{0: 'Causal assertions are normal and useful for talking about entities that have intentions.', 1: 'Most houses have places Where cleaners are stored.', 2: "Fathers are more likely to disregard cues and direct the baby's attention to other things.", 3: 'Tradition is the handing down of statements, beliefs, actions, legends, and customs.', 4: 'Some elephants have succession.', 5: 'Primary education is compulsory for all children.', 6: 'Ethnic rivalries emanate from quarrels over scarce resources or land space.'}
| 4 |
3,654 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: rotifers move by swimming or crawling on the bottom of the lake, or if ellipses perform two very distinct functions in writing, then risk factors are a family history of cleft lip or palate and presence of another birth defect.', "One may reasonably assume that if rotifers move by swimming or crawling on the bottom of the lake, then if the notion that 'sunlight reflects intensity' is untrue, then dragons grow to giant proportions, living for centuries and amassing huge sums of treasure.", "Once we know if ellipses perform two very distinct functions in writing, then risk factors are a family history of cleft lip or palate and presence of another birth defect, we also know that if the notion that 'sunlight reflects intensity' is untrue, then dragons grow to giant proportions, living for centuries and amassing huge sums of treasure.", "Assuming it is not the case that if the notion that 'sunlight reflects intensity' is untrue, then it is not the case that dragons grow to giant proportions, living for centuries and amassing huge sums of treasure, we know that firsthand knowledge is the ultimate basis of intellectual life.", 'We know that at least one of two things is true: technology is human innovation in action, or the claim that firsthand knowledge is the ultimate basis of intellectual life does not reflect reality.', 'The claim that technology is human innovation in action is false.']
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: rotifers move by swimming or crawling on the bottom of the lake, or if ellipses perform two very distinct functions in writing, then risk factors are a family history of cleft lip or palate and presence of another birth defect. One may reasonably assume that if rotifers move by swimming or crawling on the bottom of the lake, then if the notion that 'sunlight reflects intensity' is untrue, then dragons grow to giant proportions, living for centuries and amassing huge sums of treasure. Once we know if ellipses perform two very distinct functions in writing, then risk factors are a family history of cleft lip or palate and presence of another birth defect, we also know that if the notion that 'sunlight reflects intensity' is untrue, then dragons grow to giant proportions, living for centuries and amassing huge sums of treasure. Assuming it is not the case that if the notion that 'sunlight reflects intensity' is untrue, then it is not the case that dragons grow to giant proportions, living for centuries and amassing huge sums of treasure, we know that firsthand knowledge is the ultimate basis of intellectual life. We know that at least one of two things is true: technology is human innovation in action, or the claim that firsthand knowledge is the ultimate basis of intellectual life does not reflect reality. The claim that technology is human innovation in action is false.
|
The statement 'sunlight reflects intensity' can be considered true.
|
The statement 'sunlight reflects intensity' can be considered true.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or (If [4], then [5].).
If [3], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
If (If [4], then [5].), then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).), then [2].
Not [2]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
[SC2-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [6] or (Not [2].).
Not [6].
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Sunlight reflects intensity.', 1: 'Dragons grow to giant proportions, living for centuries and amassing huge sums of treasure.', 2: 'Firsthand knowledge is the ultimate basis of intellectual life.', 3: 'Rotifers move by swimming or crawling on the bottom of the lake.', 4: 'Ellipses perform two very distinct functions in writing.', 5: 'Risk factors are a family history of cleft lip or palate and presence of another birth defect.', 6: 'Technology is human innovation in action.'}
| 4 |
3,261 |
['Should it be the case that it is not true that mimics are a type of enemy that look like wooden, frozen, golden or locked shadow chests, it follows that either love is that which makes all things harmonious or modern economies run on fossil fuels.', 'Either grands are slightly smaller and their tail feathers and under tail coverts are red with yellow tips or most liquids have flavor.', 'If grands are slightly smaller and their tail feathers and under tail coverts are red with yellow tips, then if either some animals feed during late afternoons or signals also come down from the cerebral cortex to the inner ear, forming multiple feedback loops, then if it is not true that mimics are a type of enemy that look like wooden, frozen, golden or locked shadow chests, then it is a common misconception that either love is that which makes all things harmonious or modern economies run on fossil fuels.', 'On the condition that most liquids have flavor, it is definitely the case that if either some animals feed during late afternoons or signals also come down from the cerebral cortex to the inner ear, forming multiple feedback loops, then if it is not true that mimics are a type of enemy that look like wooden, frozen, golden or locked shadow chests, then it is a common misconception that either love is that which makes all things harmonious or modern economies run on fossil fuels.', 'At least one of two things is true: crisis is a monthly magazine of religion, culture, and politics, or a militiaman is a soldier.', 'Given that crisis is a monthly magazine of religion, culture, and politics, it can be inferred that some animals feed during late afternoons.', 'One may reasonably assume that if a militiaman is a soldier, then signals also come down from the cerebral cortex to the inner ear, forming multiple feedback loops.']
|
Should it be the case that it is not true that mimics are a type of enemy that look like wooden, frozen, golden or locked shadow chests, it follows that either love is that which makes all things harmonious or modern economies run on fossil fuels. Either grands are slightly smaller and their tail feathers and under tail coverts are red with yellow tips or most liquids have flavor. If grands are slightly smaller and their tail feathers and under tail coverts are red with yellow tips, then if either some animals feed during late afternoons or signals also come down from the cerebral cortex to the inner ear, forming multiple feedback loops, then if it is not true that mimics are a type of enemy that look like wooden, frozen, golden or locked shadow chests, then it is a common misconception that either love is that which makes all things harmonious or modern economies run on fossil fuels. On the condition that most liquids have flavor, it is definitely the case that if either some animals feed during late afternoons or signals also come down from the cerebral cortex to the inner ear, forming multiple feedback loops, then if it is not true that mimics are a type of enemy that look like wooden, frozen, golden or locked shadow chests, then it is a common misconception that either love is that which makes all things harmonious or modern economies run on fossil fuels. At least one of two things is true: crisis is a monthly magazine of religion, culture, and politics, or a militiaman is a soldier. Given that crisis is a monthly magazine of religion, culture, and politics, it can be inferred that some animals feed during late afternoons. One may reasonably assume that if a militiaman is a soldier, then signals also come down from the cerebral cortex to the inner ear, forming multiple feedback loops.
|
It is a simple truth that mimics are a type of enemy that look like wooden, frozen, golden or locked shadow chests.
|
It is a simple truth that mimics are a type of enemy that look like wooden, frozen, golden or locked shadow chests.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).
If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [3] or [4].), then (If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).). [SC1-2]
Either [3] or [4]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).)..
[SC1-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [7] or [8].
If [7], then (If (Either [3] or [4].), then (If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).).).
If [8], then (If (Either [3] or [4].), then (If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).).).
Therefore, If (Either [3] or [4].), then (If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).)..
[SC2-2]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [5] or [6].
If [5], then [3].
If [6], then [4].
Therefore, Either [3] or [4]..
|
{0: 'Mimics are a type of enemy that look like wooden, frozen, golden or locked shadow chests.', 1: 'Love is that which makes all things harmonious.', 2: 'Modern economies run on fossil fuels.', 3: 'Some animals feed during late afternoons.', 4: 'Signals also come down from the cerebral cortex to the inner ear, forming multiple feedback loops.', 5: 'Crisis is a monthly magazine of religion, culture, and politics.', 6: 'A militiaman is a soldier.', 7: 'Grands are slightly smaller and their tail feathers and under tail coverts are red with yellow tips.', 8: 'Most liquids have flavor.'}
| 4 |
3,456 |
['The statement, either dads play particularly important roles in the formation of both their sons and their daughters or an investigator is a scientist, does not hold.', 'Should it be the case that rubrics are titles, it follows that if some people never have headaches, but they have continuous stomachaches, then either either dads play particularly important roles in the formation of both their sons and their daughters or an investigator is a scientist or the statement that states guides teach readers is false.', 'The idea that rubrics are titles is true.', "Whenever it is true that the statement that states some people never have headaches, but they have continuous stomachaches is false, 'preserves contain chunks or whole pieces of fruit in a thickened syrup' is true.", 'The claim that preserves contain chunks or whole pieces of fruit in a thickened syrup does not reflect reality.']
|
The statement, either dads play particularly important roles in the formation of both their sons and their daughters or an investigator is a scientist, does not hold. Should it be the case that rubrics are titles, it follows that if some people never have headaches, but they have continuous stomachaches, then either either dads play particularly important roles in the formation of both their sons and their daughters or an investigator is a scientist or the statement that states guides teach readers is false. The idea that rubrics are titles is true. Whenever it is true that the statement that states some people never have headaches, but they have continuous stomachaches is false, 'preserves contain chunks or whole pieces of fruit in a thickened syrup' is true. The claim that preserves contain chunks or whole pieces of fruit in a thickened syrup does not reflect reality.
|
The statement that states guides teach readers is false.
|
It is not true that guides are structures.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or (Not [0].). [SC1-1]
Not (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (Either (Either [1] or [2].) or (Not [0].).). [SC1-2]
[3] [SC2-2]
Therefore, Either (Either [1] or [2].) or (Not [0].)..
[SC1-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (If [3], then (Either (Either [1] or [2].) or (Not [0].).).).
[4]
Therefore, If [3], then (Either (Either [1] or [2].) or (Not [0].).)..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [3].), then [5].
Not [5].
Therefore, [3].
|
{0: 'Guides teach readers.', 1: 'Dads play particularly important roles in the formation of both their sons and their daughters.', 2: 'An investigator is a scientist.', 3: 'Some people never have headaches, but they have continuous stomachaches.', 4: 'Rubrics are titles.', 5: 'Preserves contain chunks or whole pieces of fruit in a thickened syrup.'}
| 4 |
3,386 |
["Whenever it is true that either carbon monoxide provides protection against hyperoxic lung injury or a marginal utility is an utility, 'the claim that sunspots are magnetic storms on the photosphere that appear as dark areas does not correspond with reality' is true.", 'Either sheep sorrel grows up to one foot in height or if the claim that if either carbon monoxide provides protection against hyperoxic lung injury or a marginal utility is an utility, then sunspots are magnetic storms on the photosphere that appear as dark areas is false, then liquid paint is paint.', "The statement that 'sheep sorrel grows up to one foot in height' is incorrect.", 'We know that either disorder increases over time or some people mistakenly believe that liquid paint is paint.', 'The statement, disorder increases over time, does not hold.']
|
Whenever it is true that either carbon monoxide provides protection against hyperoxic lung injury or a marginal utility is an utility, 'the claim that sunspots are magnetic storms on the photosphere that appear as dark areas does not correspond with reality' is true. Either sheep sorrel grows up to one foot in height or if the claim that if either carbon monoxide provides protection against hyperoxic lung injury or a marginal utility is an utility, then sunspots are magnetic storms on the photosphere that appear as dark areas is false, then liquid paint is paint. The statement that 'sheep sorrel grows up to one foot in height' is incorrect. We know that either disorder increases over time or some people mistakenly believe that liquid paint is paint. The statement, disorder increases over time, does not hold.
|
The claim that either carbon monoxide provides protection against hyperoxic lung injury or a marginal utility is an utility does not correspond with reality.
|
It is rational to believe that either carbon monoxide provides protection against hyperoxic lung injury or a marginal utility is an utility.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Either [0] or [1].), then [2]. [SC1-1]
If (Either [0] or [1].), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Not (Either [0] or [1].)..
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Either [0] or [1].), then [2].).), then [3]. [SC1-2]
Not [3]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (Either [0] or [1].), then [2]..
[SC1-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [4] or (If (Not (If (Either [0] or [1].), then [2].).), then [3].).
Not [4].
Therefore, If (Not (If (Either [0] or [1].), then [2].).), then [3]..
[SC2-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [5] or (Not [3].).
Not [5].
Therefore, Not [3]..
|
{0: 'Carbon monoxide provides protection against hyperoxic lung injury.', 1: 'A marginal utility is an utility.', 2: 'Sunspots are magnetic storms on the photosphere that appear as dark areas.', 3: 'Liquid paint is paint.', 4: 'Sheep sorrel grows up to one foot in height.', 5: 'Disorder increases over time.'}
| 4 |
3,982 |
['At least one of two things is true: most hamsters have tails, or the claim that either aminooxyacetic acid produces excitotoxic brain injury in neonatal rats or patterns base on observations does not correspond with reality.', 'Should it be the case that either most linguists deal with descriptive grammar or accountability is one of the traits that employers value most in employees, it follows that if most hamsters have tails, then if animals make up the next steps in the chain, by eating plants or other animals to get energy, then agricultural crops have use.', 'Either most linguists deal with descriptive grammar or accountability is one of the traits that employers value most in employees.', "Whenever it is true that either inlets are bodies of water or humans trap foxes, 'if most hamsters have tails, then the claim that if animals make up the next steps in the chain, by eating plants or other animals to get energy, then agricultural crops have use has no merit' is true.", 'We know that at least one of two things is true: inlets are bodies of water, or humans trap foxes.']
|
At least one of two things is true: most hamsters have tails, or the claim that either aminooxyacetic acid produces excitotoxic brain injury in neonatal rats or patterns base on observations does not correspond with reality. Should it be the case that either most linguists deal with descriptive grammar or accountability is one of the traits that employers value most in employees, it follows that if most hamsters have tails, then if animals make up the next steps in the chain, by eating plants or other animals to get energy, then agricultural crops have use. Either most linguists deal with descriptive grammar or accountability is one of the traits that employers value most in employees. Whenever it is true that either inlets are bodies of water or humans trap foxes, 'if most hamsters have tails, then the claim that if animals make up the next steps in the chain, by eating plants or other animals to get energy, then agricultural crops have use has no merit' is true. We know that at least one of two things is true: inlets are bodies of water, or humans trap foxes.
|
The claim that either aminooxyacetic acid produces excitotoxic brain injury in neonatal rats or patterns base on observations does not correspond with reality.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that oceans are sailing.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Not (Either [0] or [1].).).
Not [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not (Either [0] or [1].)..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [2], then (If [3], then [4].). [SC1-2]
If [2], then (Not (If [3], then [4].).). [SC2-2]
Therefore, Not [2]..
[SC1-2]
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [5] or [6].), then (If [2], then (If [3], then [4].).).
Either [5] or [6].
Therefore, If [2], then (If [3], then [4].)..
[SC2-2]
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [7] or [8].), then (If [2], then (Not (If [3], then [4].).).).
Either [7] or [8].
Therefore, If [2], then (Not (If [3], then [4].).)..
|
{0: 'Aminooxyacetic acid produces excitotoxic brain injury in neonatal rats.', 1: 'Patterns base on observations.', 2: 'Most hamsters have tails.', 3: 'Animals make up the next steps in the chain, by eating plants or other animals to get energy.', 4: 'Agricultural crops have use.', 5: 'Most linguists deal with descriptive grammar.', 6: 'Accountability is one of the traits that employers value most in employees.', 7: 'Inlets are bodies of water.', 8: 'Humans trap foxes.'}
| 4 |
3,909 |
['If either lichens are common in the Sacramento region or enzymes differ from simple catalysts another very important way, then ears start to unfold and stand upright, and their teeth start appearing.', 'The statement that states some species supplement their diet with fruits, nuts, and seeds is false.', 'We know that either light microscopes use light to pass through the specimen to see it or some people never wake up.', 'Assuming light microscopes use light to pass through the specimen to see it, we know that if silverfishs have (part) ears, then ears start to unfold and stand upright, and their teeth start appearing.', 'On the condition that some people never wake up, it is definitely the case that if silverfishs have (part) ears, then ears start to unfold and stand upright, and their teeth start appearing.', 'Assuming the claim that either some species supplement their diet with fruits, nuts, and seeds or either silverfishs have (part) ears or either lichens are common in the Sacramento region or enzymes differ from simple catalysts another very important way does not correspond with reality, we know that either sprites cause variations in the received amplitude and phase of low-frequency radio transmissions or pharmacists dispense drugs and medicines prescribed by physicians and health practitioners.', 'Once we know the claim that either some species supplement their diet with fruits, nuts, and seeds or either silverfishs have (part) ears or either lichens are common in the Sacramento region or enzymes differ from simple catalysts another very important way does not correspond with reality, we also know that the claim that either sprites cause variations in the received amplitude and phase of low-frequency radio transmissions or pharmacists dispense drugs and medicines prescribed by physicians and health practitioners does not correspond with reality.']
|
If either lichens are common in the Sacramento region or enzymes differ from simple catalysts another very important way, then ears start to unfold and stand upright, and their teeth start appearing. The statement that states some species supplement their diet with fruits, nuts, and seeds is false. We know that either light microscopes use light to pass through the specimen to see it or some people never wake up. Assuming light microscopes use light to pass through the specimen to see it, we know that if silverfishs have (part) ears, then ears start to unfold and stand upright, and their teeth start appearing. On the condition that some people never wake up, it is definitely the case that if silverfishs have (part) ears, then ears start to unfold and stand upright, and their teeth start appearing. Assuming the claim that either some species supplement their diet with fruits, nuts, and seeds or either silverfishs have (part) ears or either lichens are common in the Sacramento region or enzymes differ from simple catalysts another very important way does not correspond with reality, we know that either sprites cause variations in the received amplitude and phase of low-frequency radio transmissions or pharmacists dispense drugs and medicines prescribed by physicians and health practitioners. Once we know the claim that either some species supplement their diet with fruits, nuts, and seeds or either silverfishs have (part) ears or either lichens are common in the Sacramento region or enzymes differ from simple catalysts another very important way does not correspond with reality, we also know that the claim that either sprites cause variations in the received amplitude and phase of low-frequency radio transmissions or pharmacists dispense drugs and medicines prescribed by physicians and health practitioners does not correspond with reality.
|
The claim that ears start to unfold and stand upright, and their teeth start appearing holds true.
|
The claim that ears start to unfold and stand upright, and their teeth start appearing holds true.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].). [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If (Either [2] or [3].), then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [4] or (Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].).). [SC1-2]
Not [4].
Therefore, Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].)..
[SC1-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [4] or (Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].).).).), then (Either [7] or [8].).
If (Not (Either [4] or (Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].).).).), then (Not (Either [7] or [8].).).
Therefore, Either [4] or (Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].).)..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [5] or [6].
If [5], then (If [1], then [0].).
If [6], then (If [1], then [0].).
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Ears start to unfold and stand upright, and their teeth start appearing.', 1: 'Silverfishs have (part) ears.', 2: 'Lichens are common in the Sacramento region.', 3: 'Enzymes differ from simple catalysts another very important way.', 4: 'Some species supplement their diet with fruits, nuts, and seeds.', 5: 'Light microscopes use light to pass through the specimen to see it.', 6: 'Some people never wake up.', 7: 'Sprites cause variations in the received amplitude and phase of low-frequency radio transmissions.', 8: 'Pharmacists dispense drugs and medicines prescribed by physicians and health practitioners.'}
| 4 |
3,693 |
['It is a fact that either incubation is believed to be started towards the end of the egg laying period or either some public utilities get water from surface water sources such as lakes and rivers or pinocytosis occurs when vesicles form around a liquid or very small particles.', "Whenever it is true that incubation is believed to be started towards the end of the egg laying period, 'if frogs share habitats, then many methods are used to graft orphan lambs to other ewes' is true.", 'On the condition that either some public utilities get water from surface water sources such as lakes and rivers or pinocytosis occurs when vesicles form around a liquid or very small particles, it is definitely the case that if frogs share habitats, then many methods are used to graft orphan lambs to other ewes.', 'Once we know the claim that frogs share habitats does not correspond with reality, we also know that camels literally can survive on plant wastes, like an old twig basket or a mat.', 'Provided that camels literally can survive on plant wastes, like an old twig basket or a mat, we know that if bookshelves are collections of manuals, then most bald eagles eat animals.', "The notion that 'if bookshelves are collections of manuals, then most bald eagles eat animals' is untrue."]
|
It is a fact that either incubation is believed to be started towards the end of the egg laying period or either some public utilities get water from surface water sources such as lakes and rivers or pinocytosis occurs when vesicles form around a liquid or very small particles. Whenever it is true that incubation is believed to be started towards the end of the egg laying period, 'if frogs share habitats, then many methods are used to graft orphan lambs to other ewes' is true. On the condition that either some public utilities get water from surface water sources such as lakes and rivers or pinocytosis occurs when vesicles form around a liquid or very small particles, it is definitely the case that if frogs share habitats, then many methods are used to graft orphan lambs to other ewes. Once we know the claim that frogs share habitats does not correspond with reality, we also know that camels literally can survive on plant wastes, like an old twig basket or a mat. Provided that camels literally can survive on plant wastes, like an old twig basket or a mat, we know that if bookshelves are collections of manuals, then most bald eagles eat animals. The notion that 'if bookshelves are collections of manuals, then most bald eagles eat animals' is untrue.
|
It is fair to say that many methods are used to graft orphan lambs to other ewes.
|
It is fair to say that many methods are used to graft orphan lambs to other ewes.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or (Either [3] or [4].).
If [2], then (If [1], then [0].).
If (Either [3] or [4].), then (If [1], then [0].).
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [1].), then [5].
Not [5]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, [1].
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If [5], then (If [6], then [7].).
Not (If [6], then [7].).
Therefore, Not [5]..
|
{0: 'Many methods are used to graft orphan lambs to other ewes.', 1: 'Frogs share habitats.', 2: 'Incubation is believed to be started towards the end of the egg laying period.', 3: 'Some public utilities get water from surface water sources such as lakes and rivers.', 4: 'Pinocytosis occurs when vesicles form around a liquid or very small particles.', 5: 'Camels literally can survive on plant wastes, like an old twig basket or a mat.', 6: 'Bookshelves are collections of manuals.', 7: 'Most bald eagles eat animals.'}
| 4 |
3,236 |
['Should it be the case that nanotechnology is commonplace, it follows that dragon boating is a great means for team building, getting fit or just having fun in the water.', 'If nanotechnology is commonplace, then flowers have more than one petal, and the flower petals are collectively called the corolla.', 'Given that flowers have more than one petal, and the flower petals are collectively called the corolla, it can be inferred that some people mistakenly believe that if bodily injury includes injury resulting in death, then scripture gives many examples of men being enticed by the sight of a woman.', 'Given that some people mistakenly believe that if dragon boating is a great means for team building, getting fit or just having fun in the water, then if bodily injury includes injury resulting in death, then scripture gives many examples of men being enticed by the sight of a woman, it can be inferred that either solar sails produce thrust by reflecting sunlight or brothers become companions.', 'The claim that either solar sails produce thrust by reflecting sunlight or brothers become companions is false.']
|
Should it be the case that nanotechnology is commonplace, it follows that dragon boating is a great means for team building, getting fit or just having fun in the water. If nanotechnology is commonplace, then flowers have more than one petal, and the flower petals are collectively called the corolla. Given that flowers have more than one petal, and the flower petals are collectively called the corolla, it can be inferred that some people mistakenly believe that if bodily injury includes injury resulting in death, then scripture gives many examples of men being enticed by the sight of a woman. Given that some people mistakenly believe that if dragon boating is a great means for team building, getting fit or just having fun in the water, then if bodily injury includes injury resulting in death, then scripture gives many examples of men being enticed by the sight of a woman, it can be inferred that either solar sails produce thrust by reflecting sunlight or brothers become companions. The claim that either solar sails produce thrust by reflecting sunlight or brothers become companions is false.
|
Those that suggest nanotechnology is commonplace are wrong.
|
The claim that nanotechnology goes beyond electronics and computers has no merit.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then (If [1], then [2].). [SC1-1]
If [0], then (Not (If [1], then [2].).). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [0], then [3].
If [3], then (If [1], then [2].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [0], then (If [1], then [2].)..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [3], then (If [1], then [2].).).), then (Either [5] or [6].).
Not (Either [5] or [6].).
Therefore, If [3], then (If [1], then [2].)..
[SC2-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [0], then [4].
If [4], then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).
Therefore, If [0], then (Not (If [1], then [2].).)..
|
{0: 'Nanotechnology is commonplace.', 1: 'Bodily injury includes injury resulting in death.', 2: 'Scripture gives many examples of men being enticed by the sight of a woman.', 3: 'Dragon boating is a great means for team building, getting fit or just having fun in the water.', 4: 'Flowers have more than one petal, and the flower petals are collectively called the corolla.', 5: 'Solar sails produce thrust by reflecting sunlight.', 6: 'Brothers become companions.'}
| 4 |
3,501 |
['We can assume that muscle cramps are very common.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: truth is to be realized both through knowledge and experience, or manufacturing is no longer the basis of the economies of developed nations.', 'When truth is to be realized both through knowledge and experience is true, it follows that either beech soils are on footslopes and colluvial fans or if muscle cramps are very common, then either exercise is necessary for physical health, but also for a healthy mood or lakes are bodieses of water.', 'Given that manufacturing is no longer the basis of the economies of developed nations, it can be inferred that either beech soils are on footslopes and colluvial fans or if muscle cramps are very common, then either exercise is necessary for physical health, but also for a healthy mood or lakes are bodieses of water.', 'Assuming beech soils are on footslopes and colluvial fans, we know that churches have various styles and structures of leadership.', 'It is a common misconception that churches have various styles and structures of leadership.']
|
We can assume that muscle cramps are very common. Either one or both of these statements are true: truth is to be realized both through knowledge and experience, or manufacturing is no longer the basis of the economies of developed nations. When truth is to be realized both through knowledge and experience is true, it follows that either beech soils are on footslopes and colluvial fans or if muscle cramps are very common, then either exercise is necessary for physical health, but also for a healthy mood or lakes are bodieses of water. Given that manufacturing is no longer the basis of the economies of developed nations, it can be inferred that either beech soils are on footslopes and colluvial fans or if muscle cramps are very common, then either exercise is necessary for physical health, but also for a healthy mood or lakes are bodieses of water. Assuming beech soils are on footslopes and colluvial fans, we know that churches have various styles and structures of leadership. It is a common misconception that churches have various styles and structures of leadership.
|
There is good reason to believe that either exercise is necessary for physical health, but also for a healthy mood or lakes are bodieses of water.
|
The notion that 'either exercise is necessary for physical health, but also for a healthy mood or lakes are bodieses of water' is untrue.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].). [SC1-1]
[2]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).). [SC1-2]
Not [3]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].)..
[SC1-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [5] or [6].
If [5], then (Either [3] or (If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).).).
If [6], then (Either [3] or (If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).).).
Therefore, Either [3] or (If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).)..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If [3], then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, Not [3]..
|
{0: 'Exercise is necessary for physical health, but also for a healthy mood.', 1: 'Lakes are bodieses of water.', 2: 'Muscle cramps are very common.', 3: 'Beech soils are on footslopes and colluvial fans.', 4: 'Churches have various styles and structures of leadership.', 5: 'Truth is to be realized both through knowledge and experience.', 6: 'Manufacturing is no longer the basis of the economies of developed nations.'}
| 4 |
3,497 |
["Whenever it is true that the notion that 'either ontology is the study of the philosophy of being or either most large animals come to water or crabs have (part) cell membranes' is untrue, 'most hamsters have glands' is true.", 'Some people mistakenly believe that most hamsters have glands.', 'Given that the claim that if ontology is the study of the philosophy of being, then it is not true that if bacteria can penetrate the damaged villi leading to bacteraemia in extreme cases, then granularity is system-dependent does not correspond with reality, it can be inferred that if some people experience increased tooth sensitivity from cold liquids, then nocturnal snakes prefer to do their hunting after the sun goes down.', "Whenever it is true that the claim that if ontology is the study of the philosophy of being, then it is not true that if bacteria can penetrate the damaged villi leading to bacteraemia in extreme cases, then granularity is system-dependent does not correspond with reality, 'the claim that if some people experience increased tooth sensitivity from cold liquids, then nocturnal snakes prefer to do their hunting after the sun goes down does not correspond with reality' is true.", 'There is good reason to believe that either foliage turns color in the fall or if either most large animals come to water or crabs have (part) cell membranes, then it is not true that if bacteria can penetrate the damaged villi leading to bacteraemia in extreme cases, then granularity is system-dependent.', 'It is a common misconception that foliage turns color in the fall.']
|
Whenever it is true that the notion that 'either ontology is the study of the philosophy of being or either most large animals come to water or crabs have (part) cell membranes' is untrue, 'most hamsters have glands' is true. Some people mistakenly believe that most hamsters have glands. Given that the claim that if ontology is the study of the philosophy of being, then it is not true that if bacteria can penetrate the damaged villi leading to bacteraemia in extreme cases, then granularity is system-dependent does not correspond with reality, it can be inferred that if some people experience increased tooth sensitivity from cold liquids, then nocturnal snakes prefer to do their hunting after the sun goes down. Whenever it is true that the claim that if ontology is the study of the philosophy of being, then it is not true that if bacteria can penetrate the damaged villi leading to bacteraemia in extreme cases, then granularity is system-dependent does not correspond with reality, 'the claim that if some people experience increased tooth sensitivity from cold liquids, then nocturnal snakes prefer to do their hunting after the sun goes down does not correspond with reality' is true. There is good reason to believe that either foliage turns color in the fall or if either most large animals come to water or crabs have (part) cell membranes, then it is not true that if bacteria can penetrate the damaged villi leading to bacteraemia in extreme cases, then granularity is system-dependent. It is a common misconception that foliage turns color in the fall.
|
It is not true that if bacteria can penetrate the damaged villi leading to bacteraemia in extreme cases, then granularity is system-dependent.
|
Given that bacteria can penetrate the damaged villi leading to bacteraemia in extreme cases, it can be inferred that granularity is system-dependent.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or (Either [3] or [4].). [SC1-1]
If [2], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).). [SC2-1]
If (Either [3] or [4].), then (Not (If [0], then [1].).). [SC3-1]
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [2] or (Either [3] or [4].).).), then [7].
Not [7].
Therefore, Either [2] or (Either [3] or [4].)..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [2], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).).).), then (If [5], then [6].).
If (Not (If [2], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).).).), then (Not (If [5], then [6].).).
Therefore, If [2], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).)..
[SC3-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [8] or (If (Either [3] or [4].), then (Not (If [0], then [1].).).).
Not [8].
Therefore, If (Either [3] or [4].), then (Not (If [0], then [1].).)..
|
{0: 'Bacteria can penetrate the damaged villi leading to bacteraemia in extreme cases.', 1: 'Granularity is system-dependent.', 2: 'Ontology is the study of the philosophy of being.', 3: 'Most large animals come to water.', 4: 'Crabs have (part) cell membranes.', 5: 'Some people experience increased tooth sensitivity from cold liquids.', 6: 'Nocturnal snakes prefer to do their hunting after the sun goes down.', 7: 'Most hamsters have glands.', 8: 'Foliage turns color in the fall.'}
| 4 |
3,874 |
['It is not the case that corn is processed and stored in upright silo.', "So long as most veterinarians provide services for many species, 'most monarchies appear to have been elective originally, but dynasties early became customary' is true.", 'We know that either honorariums are rewards or either many libraries organize Web sites to assist their patrons in finding information or auctioneer isa someone.', 'Given that honorariums are rewards, it can be inferred that either oats have (part) vegetables or radio telescopes detect the emission from cool clouds of hydrogen in the space between the stars.', 'If either many libraries organize Web sites to assist their patrons in finding information or auctioneer isa someone, then most veterinarians provide services for many species.', 'Either largemouth bass grow bigger on the Cape due to the longer warmwater season and better forage or cholelithiasis is the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder.', "So long as largemouth bass grow bigger on the Cape due to the longer warmwater season and better forage, 'if either oats have (part) vegetables or radio telescopes detect the emission from cool clouds of hydrogen in the space between the stars, then corn is processed and stored in upright silo' is true.", 'Should it be the case that cholelithiasis is the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder, it follows that if either oats have (part) vegetables or radio telescopes detect the emission from cool clouds of hydrogen in the space between the stars, then corn is processed and stored in upright silo.']
|
It is not the case that corn is processed and stored in upright silo. So long as most veterinarians provide services for many species, 'most monarchies appear to have been elective originally, but dynasties early became customary' is true. We know that either honorariums are rewards or either many libraries organize Web sites to assist their patrons in finding information or auctioneer isa someone. Given that honorariums are rewards, it can be inferred that either oats have (part) vegetables or radio telescopes detect the emission from cool clouds of hydrogen in the space between the stars. If either many libraries organize Web sites to assist their patrons in finding information or auctioneer isa someone, then most veterinarians provide services for many species. Either largemouth bass grow bigger on the Cape due to the longer warmwater season and better forage or cholelithiasis is the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder. So long as largemouth bass grow bigger on the Cape due to the longer warmwater season and better forage, 'if either oats have (part) vegetables or radio telescopes detect the emission from cool clouds of hydrogen in the space between the stars, then corn is processed and stored in upright silo' is true. Should it be the case that cholelithiasis is the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder, it follows that if either oats have (part) vegetables or radio telescopes detect the emission from cool clouds of hydrogen in the space between the stars, then corn is processed and stored in upright silo.
|
It is rational to agree that most monarchies appear to have been elective originally, but dynasties early became customary.
|
It is rational to agree that most monarchies appear to have been elective originally, but dynasties early became customary.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either (Either [2] or [3].) or [4]. [SC1-2]
If (Either [2] or [3].), then [1]. [SC2-2]
If [4], then [0].
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
[SC1-2]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [7] or (Either [8] or [9].).
If [7], then (Either [2] or [3].).
If (Either [8] or [9].), then [4].
Therefore, Either (Either [2] or [3].) or [4]..
[SC2-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [5] or [6].
If [5], then (If (Either [2] or [3].), then [1].).
If [6], then (If (Either [2] or [3].), then [1].).
Therefore, If (Either [2] or [3].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Most monarchies appear to have been elective originally, but dynasties early became customary.', 1: 'Corn is processed and stored in upright silo.', 2: 'Oats have (part) vegetables.', 3: 'Radio telescopes detect the emission from cool clouds of hydrogen in the space between the stars.', 4: 'Most veterinarians provide services for many species.', 5: 'Largemouth bass grow bigger on the Cape due to the longer warmwater season and better forage.', 6: 'Cholelithiasis is the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder.', 7: 'Honorariums are rewards.', 8: 'Many libraries organize Web sites to assist their patrons in finding information.', 9: 'Auctioneer isa someone.'}
| 4 |
3,452 |
["On the condition that anoles have (part) cell membranes, it is definitely the case that the statement that 'water spirit is fairy' is incorrect.", "Provided that the statement 'if anoles have (part) cell membranes, then water spirit is fairy' can be considered false, we know that ales are the oldest category of malt beverages.", 'Given that ales are the oldest category of malt beverages, it can be inferred that either generalized seizures occur when the abnormal discharge involves the entire brain or hate can manipulate, but it has no power to create trust or commitment.', 'We know that at least one of two things is true: some insects are attracted more to certain flowers than to others, or the claim that either generalized seizures occur when the abnormal discharge involves the entire brain or hate can manipulate, but it has no power to create trust or commitment does not correspond with reality.', "The notion that 'some insects are attracted more to certain flowers than to others' is untrue."]
|
On the condition that anoles have (part) cell membranes, it is definitely the case that the statement that 'water spirit is fairy' is incorrect. Provided that the statement 'if anoles have (part) cell membranes, then water spirit is fairy' can be considered false, we know that ales are the oldest category of malt beverages. Given that ales are the oldest category of malt beverages, it can be inferred that either generalized seizures occur when the abnormal discharge involves the entire brain or hate can manipulate, but it has no power to create trust or commitment. We know that at least one of two things is true: some insects are attracted more to certain flowers than to others, or the claim that either generalized seizures occur when the abnormal discharge involves the entire brain or hate can manipulate, but it has no power to create trust or commitment does not correspond with reality. The notion that 'some insects are attracted more to certain flowers than to others' is untrue.
|
The claim that anoles have (part) cell membranes does not reflect reality.
|
It is rational to agree that anoles have (part) cell membranes.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
If [0], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Either [2] or [3].). [SC1-2]
Not (Either [2] or [3].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [5].
If [5], then (Either [2] or [3].).
Therefore, If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Either [2] or [3].)..
[SC2-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [4] or (Not (Either [2] or [3].).).
Not [4].
Therefore, Not (Either [2] or [3].)..
|
{0: 'Anoles have (part) cell membranes.', 1: 'Water spirit is fairy.', 2: 'Generalized seizures occur when the abnormal discharge involves the entire brain.', 3: 'Hate can manipulate, but it has no power to create trust or commitment.', 4: 'Some insects are attracted more to certain flowers than to others.', 5: 'Ales are the oldest category of malt beverages.'}
| 4 |
3,494 |
['There is good reason to believe that either many herbs contain powerful ingredients that, if used correctly, can help heal the body or radon is second only to cigarette smoking as the leading cause of lung cancer death.', "So long as many herbs contain powerful ingredients that, if used correctly, can help heal the body, 'either tennis is a great sport for a variety of reasons or fish can breathe underwater because they have gills, which are like human lungs' is true.", 'When radon is second only to cigarette smoking as the leading cause of lung cancer death is true, it follows that either tennis is a great sport for a variety of reasons or fish can breathe underwater because they have gills, which are like human lungs.', 'When the statement, if tennis is a great sport for a variety of reasons, then some people mistakenly believe that blood flow is thick and dark, does not hold is true, it follows that sexual morality is based on a belief that all human life is sacred.', 'Assuming the statement, if tennis is a great sport for a variety of reasons, then some people mistakenly believe that blood flow is thick and dark, does not hold, we know that the claim that sexual morality is based on a belief that all human life is sacred is false.', 'At least one of two things is true: many species produce toxins which work against bacteria and other fungi, or if fish can breathe underwater because they have gills, which are like human lungs, then some people mistakenly believe that blood flow is thick and dark.', 'The claim that many species produce toxins which work against bacteria and other fungi is false.']
|
There is good reason to believe that either many herbs contain powerful ingredients that, if used correctly, can help heal the body or radon is second only to cigarette smoking as the leading cause of lung cancer death. So long as many herbs contain powerful ingredients that, if used correctly, can help heal the body, 'either tennis is a great sport for a variety of reasons or fish can breathe underwater because they have gills, which are like human lungs' is true. When radon is second only to cigarette smoking as the leading cause of lung cancer death is true, it follows that either tennis is a great sport for a variety of reasons or fish can breathe underwater because they have gills, which are like human lungs. When the statement, if tennis is a great sport for a variety of reasons, then some people mistakenly believe that blood flow is thick and dark, does not hold is true, it follows that sexual morality is based on a belief that all human life is sacred. Assuming the statement, if tennis is a great sport for a variety of reasons, then some people mistakenly believe that blood flow is thick and dark, does not hold, we know that the claim that sexual morality is based on a belief that all human life is sacred is false. At least one of two things is true: many species produce toxins which work against bacteria and other fungi, or if fish can breathe underwater because they have gills, which are like human lungs, then some people mistakenly believe that blood flow is thick and dark. The claim that many species produce toxins which work against bacteria and other fungi is false.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that blood flow is thick and dark.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that blood flow is thick and dark.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then (Not [0].). [SC2-1]
If [2], then (Not [0].). [SC3-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [5] or [6].
If [5], then (Either [1] or [2].).
If [6], then (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [1], then (Not [0].).).), then [3].
If (Not (If [1], then (Not [0].).).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, If [1], then (Not [0].)..
[SC3-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [4] or (If [2], then (Not [0].).).
Not [4].
Therefore, If [2], then (Not [0].)..
|
{0: 'Blood flow is thick and dark.', 1: 'Tennis is a great sport for a variety of reasons.', 2: 'Fish can breathe underwater because they have gills, which are like human lungs.', 3: 'Sexual morality is based on a belief that all human life is sacred.', 4: 'Many species produce toxins which work against bacteria and other fungi.', 5: 'Many herbs contain powerful ingredients that, if used correctly, can help heal the body.', 6: 'Radon is second only to cigarette smoking as the leading cause of lung cancer death.'}
| 4 |
3,923 |
['One may reasonably assume that if either smokeless tobacco is problematic as well, with a high risk for oral cancer and gum damage or buds are embryonic meristems maintained in a dormant state, then gnats are capable of flies.', 'Given that the claim that if either smokeless tobacco is problematic as well, with a high risk for oral cancer and gum damage or buds are embryonic meristems maintained in a dormant state, then the claim that different herb has different function to human body does not correspond with reality does not reflect reality, it can be inferred that marsupials are a class of mammals living mainly in the Australian continent.', "Whenever it is true that the claim that if either smokeless tobacco is problematic as well, with a high risk for oral cancer and gum damage or buds are embryonic meristems maintained in a dormant state, then the claim that different herb has different function to human body does not correspond with reality does not reflect reality, 'some people mistakenly believe that marsupials are a class of mammals living mainly in the Australian continent' is true.", "Whenever it is true that values are core beliefs such as duty, honor, and integrity that motivate attitudes and actions, 'if gnats are capable of flies, then different herb has different function to human body' is true.", 'Many people rightly believe that values are core beliefs such as duty, honor, and integrity that motivate attitudes and actions.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if either smokeless tobacco is problematic as well, with a high risk for oral cancer and gum damage or buds are embryonic meristems maintained in a dormant state, then gnats are capable of flies. Given that the claim that if either smokeless tobacco is problematic as well, with a high risk for oral cancer and gum damage or buds are embryonic meristems maintained in a dormant state, then the claim that different herb has different function to human body does not correspond with reality does not reflect reality, it can be inferred that marsupials are a class of mammals living mainly in the Australian continent. Whenever it is true that the claim that if either smokeless tobacco is problematic as well, with a high risk for oral cancer and gum damage or buds are embryonic meristems maintained in a dormant state, then the claim that different herb has different function to human body does not correspond with reality does not reflect reality, 'some people mistakenly believe that marsupials are a class of mammals living mainly in the Australian continent' is true. Whenever it is true that values are core beliefs such as duty, honor, and integrity that motivate attitudes and actions, 'if gnats are capable of flies, then different herb has different function to human body' is true. Many people rightly believe that values are core beliefs such as duty, honor, and integrity that motivate attitudes and actions.
|
The claim that either smokeless tobacco is problematic as well, with a high risk for oral cancer and gum damage or buds are embryonic meristems maintained in a dormant state does not correspond with reality.
|
There is good reason to believe that either smokeless tobacco is problematic as well, with a high risk for oral cancer and gum damage or buds are embryonic meristems maintained in a dormant state.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Either [0] or [1].), then [2]. [SC1-1]
If (Either [0] or [1].), then (Not [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not (Either [0] or [1].)..
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Either [0] or [1].), then [3].
If [3], then [2]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (Either [0] or [1].), then [2]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [5], then (If [3], then [2].).
[5]
Therefore, If [3], then [2]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Either [0] or [1].), then (Not [2].).).), then [4].
If (Not (If (Either [0] or [1].), then (Not [2].).).), then (Not [4].).
Therefore, If (Either [0] or [1].), then (Not [2].)..
|
{0: 'Smokeless tobacco is problematic as well, with a high risk for oral cancer and gum damage.', 1: 'Buds are embryonic meristems maintained in a dormant state.', 2: 'Different herb has different function to human body.', 3: 'Gnats are capable of flies.', 4: 'Marsupials are a class of mammals living mainly in the Australian continent.', 5: 'Values are core beliefs such as duty, honor, and integrity that motivate attitudes and actions.'}
| 4 |
3,279 |
['Assuming light color reflects sunlight, we know that riparian buffers have substantial, or little, effect on water-body condition.', 'On the condition that the claim that light color reflects sunlight does not correspond with reality, it is definitely the case that people die because of their own sins.', 'Provided that people die because of their own sins, we know that some austenitic steels tend to become slightly magnetic after cold working.', 'If some austenitic steels tend to become slightly magnetic after cold working, then debates are located in universities.', 'Assuming some austenitic steels tend to become slightly magnetic after cold working, we know that the statement that states debates are located in universities is false.']
|
Assuming light color reflects sunlight, we know that riparian buffers have substantial, or little, effect on water-body condition. On the condition that the claim that light color reflects sunlight does not correspond with reality, it is definitely the case that people die because of their own sins. Provided that people die because of their own sins, we know that some austenitic steels tend to become slightly magnetic after cold working. If some austenitic steels tend to become slightly magnetic after cold working, then debates are located in universities. Assuming some austenitic steels tend to become slightly magnetic after cold working, we know that the statement that states debates are located in universities is false.
|
It is a simple truth that riparian buffers have substantial, or little, effect on water-body condition.
|
We know that the claim that riparian buffers have substantial, or little, effect on water-body condition is false.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [1].), then [2].
Not [2]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, [1].
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If [2], then [3].
Not [3]. [SC2-3]
Therefore, Not [2]..
[SC2-3]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [3], then [4].
If [3], then (Not [4].).
Therefore, Not [3]..
|
{0: 'Riparian buffers have substantial, or little, effect on water-body condition.', 1: 'Light color reflects sunlight.', 2: 'People die because of their own sins.', 3: 'Some austenitic steels tend to become slightly magnetic after cold working.', 4: 'Debates are located in universities.'}
| 4 |
3,638 |
['Provided that if every male is born with a covering over the sensitive end of the penis, then lotions are easy to apply and are particularly useful for cooling or drying the skin, we know that if the claim that most snails have larvae is false, then more severe injuries damage and destroy more tissue, requiring greater replacement with scar tissue.', 'We know that either either stars live for billions of years and go through four basic stages or most snakes kill prey or aortic aneurysm is a dilation of the aorta that occurs over many years.', 'One may reasonably assume that if either stars live for billions of years and go through four basic stages or most snakes kill prey, then if the claim that most snails have larvae is false, then we know that the claim that more severe injuries damage and destroy more tissue, requiring greater replacement with scar tissue is false.', 'When aortic aneurysm is a dilation of the aorta that occurs over many years is true, it follows that if the claim that most snails have larvae is false, then we know that the claim that more severe injuries damage and destroy more tissue, requiring greater replacement with scar tissue is false.', 'It is rational to believe that either most sea cliffs have gulls and seabirds present or if every male is born with a covering over the sensitive end of the penis, then lotions are easy to apply and are particularly useful for cooling or drying the skin.', 'We know that the claim that most sea cliffs have gulls and seabirds present is false.']
|
Provided that if every male is born with a covering over the sensitive end of the penis, then lotions are easy to apply and are particularly useful for cooling or drying the skin, we know that if the claim that most snails have larvae is false, then more severe injuries damage and destroy more tissue, requiring greater replacement with scar tissue. We know that either either stars live for billions of years and go through four basic stages or most snakes kill prey or aortic aneurysm is a dilation of the aorta that occurs over many years. One may reasonably assume that if either stars live for billions of years and go through four basic stages or most snakes kill prey, then if the claim that most snails have larvae is false, then we know that the claim that more severe injuries damage and destroy more tissue, requiring greater replacement with scar tissue is false. When aortic aneurysm is a dilation of the aorta that occurs over many years is true, it follows that if the claim that most snails have larvae is false, then we know that the claim that more severe injuries damage and destroy more tissue, requiring greater replacement with scar tissue is false. It is rational to believe that either most sea cliffs have gulls and seabirds present or if every male is born with a covering over the sensitive end of the penis, then lotions are easy to apply and are particularly useful for cooling or drying the skin. We know that the claim that most sea cliffs have gulls and seabirds present is false.
|
most snails have larvae.
|
Most snails have larvae.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (If [5], then [6].), then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
If [5], then [6]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC2-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [7] or (If [5], then [6].).
Not [7].
Therefore, If [5], then [6]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [2] or [3].) or [4].
If (Either [2] or [3].), then (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).
If [4], then (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Most snails have larvae.', 1: 'More severe injuries damage and destroy more tissue, requiring greater replacement with scar tissue.', 2: 'Stars live for billions of years and go through four basic stages.', 3: 'Most snakes kill prey.', 4: 'Aortic aneurysm is a dilation of the aorta that occurs over many years.', 5: 'Every male is born with a covering over the sensitive end of the penis.', 6: 'Lotions are easy to apply and are particularly useful for cooling or drying the skin.', 7: 'Most sea cliffs have gulls and seabirds present.'}
| 4 |
3,485 |
['We know that the claim that wood ash kills slugs on plants by absorbing their moisture is false.', 'It is fair to say that vitamin E is actually a family of compounds including the tocopherols and the tocotrienols.', 'One may reasonably assume that if antibiotic drops help to decrease the number of germs present and prevent spread, then if those that suggest twilight times vary with season are wrong, then wood ash kills slugs on plants by absorbing their moisture.', 'Should it be the case that the claim that if vitamin E is actually a family of compounds including the tocopherols and the tocotrienols, then antibiotic drops help to decrease the number of germs present and prevent spread is false, it follows that women take medicine.', 'The statement that states women take medicine is false.']
|
We know that the claim that wood ash kills slugs on plants by absorbing their moisture is false. It is fair to say that vitamin E is actually a family of compounds including the tocopherols and the tocotrienols. One may reasonably assume that if antibiotic drops help to decrease the number of germs present and prevent spread, then if those that suggest twilight times vary with season are wrong, then wood ash kills slugs on plants by absorbing their moisture. Should it be the case that the claim that if vitamin E is actually a family of compounds including the tocopherols and the tocotrienols, then antibiotic drops help to decrease the number of germs present and prevent spread is false, it follows that women take medicine. The statement that states women take medicine is false.
|
The claim that twilight times vary with season holds true.
|
The claim that twilight times vary with season does not correspond with reality.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].). [SC1-2]
[2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC1-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [2], then [3]. [SC1-3]
If [3], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
Therefore, If [2], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].)..
[SC1-3]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [2], then [3].).), then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, If [2], then [3]..
|
{0: 'Twilight times vary with season.', 1: 'Wood ash kills slugs on plants by absorbing their moisture.', 2: 'Vitamin E is actually a family of compounds including the tocopherols and the tocotrienols.', 3: 'Antibiotic drops help to decrease the number of germs present and prevent spread.', 4: 'Women take medicine.'}
| 4 |
3,568 |
['At least one of two things is true: images Describes how to include graphics into a HTML document, or either greens are very low in calories and sodium or some cats are light eaters anyway.', "The statement that 'images Describes how to include graphics into a HTML document' is incorrect.", 'When good soil needs many pores, varying in size with some holding air and some water is true, it follows that if greens are very low in calories and sodium, then most glide mammals inhabit regions.', 'The idea that good soil needs many pores, varying in size with some holding air and some water is true.', 'It is a fact that either positions require work experience or if some cats are light eaters anyway, then most glide mammals inhabit regions.', 'It is not true that positions require work experience.']
|
At least one of two things is true: images Describes how to include graphics into a HTML document, or either greens are very low in calories and sodium or some cats are light eaters anyway. The statement that 'images Describes how to include graphics into a HTML document' is incorrect. When good soil needs many pores, varying in size with some holding air and some water is true, it follows that if greens are very low in calories and sodium, then most glide mammals inhabit regions. The idea that good soil needs many pores, varying in size with some holding air and some water is true. It is a fact that either positions require work experience or if some cats are light eaters anyway, then most glide mammals inhabit regions. It is not true that positions require work experience.
|
It is true that most glide mammals inhabit regions.
|
Glide mammals inhabit regions.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If [2], then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (Either [1] or [2].).
Not [3].
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (If [1], then [0].).
[4]
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC3-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [5] or (If [2], then [0].).
Not [5].
Therefore, If [2], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Most glide mammals inhabit regions.', 1: 'Greens are very low in calories and sodium.', 2: 'Some cats are light eaters anyway.', 3: 'Images Describes how to include graphics into a HTML document.', 4: 'Good soil needs many pores, varying in size with some holding air and some water.', 5: 'Positions require work experience.'}
| 4 |
3,108 |
["Whenever it is true that the claim that if we know that the claim that preventive maintenance is the best method for keeping instruments in working order is false, then electronics engineers work in office buildings has no merit, 'squirrels keep nests' is true.", 'Some people mistakenly believe that squirrels keep nests.', 'flags are located in countries.', 'Assuming flags are located in countries, we know that most glasses are insulators.', 'If most glasses are insulators, then if we know that the claim that preventive maintenance is the best method for keeping instruments in working order is false, then it is not true that electronics engineers work in office buildings.']
|
Whenever it is true that the claim that if we know that the claim that preventive maintenance is the best method for keeping instruments in working order is false, then electronics engineers work in office buildings has no merit, 'squirrels keep nests' is true. Some people mistakenly believe that squirrels keep nests. flags are located in countries. Assuming flags are located in countries, we know that most glasses are insulators. If most glasses are insulators, then if we know that the claim that preventive maintenance is the best method for keeping instruments in working order is false, then it is not true that electronics engineers work in office buildings.
|
The claim that preventive maintenance is the best method for keeping instruments in working order holds true.
|
The claim that preventive maintenance is the best method for keeping instruments in working order holds true.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).). [SC1-2]
[3]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
[SC1-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [3], then [4].
If [4], then (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).
Therefore, If [3], then (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).)..
|
{0: 'Preventive maintenance is the best method for keeping instruments in working order.', 1: 'Electronics engineers work in office buildings.', 2: 'Squirrels keep nests.', 3: 'Flags are located in countries.', 4: 'Most glasses are insulators.'}
| 4 |
3,367 |
["So long as it is a common misconception that if the statement that states some cookbooks have lists of approximate measurements for given weights of commonly used foods is false, then international cooperation is the key to sustainable management of the southern bluefin tuna stocks, 'people still treat asthma as an episodic disease' is true.", 'The claim that people still treat asthma as an episodic disease does not reflect reality.', 'It is a common misconception that if alcohol addiction is habituation, then some chickens chew grass.', 'Should it be the case that if cajun food is good, then most kudzu bugs look like bugs, it follows that either if alcohol addiction is habituation, then some chickens chew grass or if the statement that states some cookbooks have lists of approximate measurements for given weights of commonly used foods is false, then the statement, international cooperation is the key to sustainable management of the southern bluefin tuna stocks, does not hold.', "So long as cajun food is good, 'most kudzu bugs look like bugs' is true."]
|
So long as it is a common misconception that if the statement that states some cookbooks have lists of approximate measurements for given weights of commonly used foods is false, then international cooperation is the key to sustainable management of the southern bluefin tuna stocks, 'people still treat asthma as an episodic disease' is true. The claim that people still treat asthma as an episodic disease does not reflect reality. It is a common misconception that if alcohol addiction is habituation, then some chickens chew grass. Should it be the case that if cajun food is good, then most kudzu bugs look like bugs, it follows that either if alcohol addiction is habituation, then some chickens chew grass or if the statement that states some cookbooks have lists of approximate measurements for given weights of commonly used foods is false, then the statement, international cooperation is the key to sustainable management of the southern bluefin tuna stocks, does not hold. So long as cajun food is good, 'most kudzu bugs look like bugs' is true.
|
The idea that some cookbooks have lists of approximate measurements for given weights of commonly used foods is true.
|
Cookbooks have (part) cartoons.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [2], then [3].) or (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).). [SC1-2]
Not (If [2], then [3].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
[SC1-2]
Modus Ponens:
If (If [5], then [6].), then (Either (If [2], then [3].) or (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).).
If [5], then [6].
Therefore, Either (If [2], then [3].) or (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).)..
|
{0: 'Some cookbooks have lists of approximate measurements for given weights of commonly used foods.', 1: 'International cooperation is the key to sustainable management of the southern bluefin tuna stocks.', 2: 'Alcohol addiction is habituation.', 3: 'Some chickens chew grass.', 4: 'People still treat asthma as an episodic disease.', 5: 'Cajun food is good.', 6: 'Most kudzu bugs look like bugs.'}
| 4 |
3,644 |
["Whenever it is true that the statement 'some trees grow on mountain slopes' can be considered false, 'stratification is rare' is true.", 'Provided that stratification is rare, we know that religions are all man-made.', "Assuming chimpanzees are members of the great apes, we know that if the statement 'some trees grow on mountain slopes' can be considered false, then the statement that 'religions are all man-made' is incorrect.", "On the condition that periodicals are publications that are issued in frequent regular intervals, it is definitely the case that if the statement 'some trees grow on mountain slopes' can be considered false, then the statement that 'religions are all man-made' is incorrect.", 'It is a fact that either iguanas love to be up high or either chimpanzees are members of the great apes or periodicals are publications that are issued in frequent regular intervals.', 'The claim that iguanas love to be up high does not reflect reality.']
|
Whenever it is true that the statement 'some trees grow on mountain slopes' can be considered false, 'stratification is rare' is true. Provided that stratification is rare, we know that religions are all man-made. Assuming chimpanzees are members of the great apes, we know that if the statement 'some trees grow on mountain slopes' can be considered false, then the statement that 'religions are all man-made' is incorrect. On the condition that periodicals are publications that are issued in frequent regular intervals, it is definitely the case that if the statement 'some trees grow on mountain slopes' can be considered false, then the statement that 'religions are all man-made' is incorrect. It is a fact that either iguanas love to be up high or either chimpanzees are members of the great apes or periodicals are publications that are issued in frequent regular intervals. The claim that iguanas love to be up high does not reflect reality.
|
It is a simple truth that some trees grow on mountain slopes.
|
It is a simple truth that some trees grow on mountain slopes.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [0].), then [2].
If [2], then [1].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4]. [SC1-2]
If [3], then (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).
If [4], then (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
[SC1-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [5] or (Either [3] or [4].).
Not [5].
Therefore, Either [3] or [4]..
|
{0: 'Some trees grow on mountain slopes.', 1: 'Religions are all man-made.', 2: 'Stratification is rare.', 3: 'Chimpanzees are members of the great apes.', 4: 'Periodicals are publications that are issued in frequent regular intervals.', 5: 'Iguanas love to be up high.'}
| 4 |
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