id
int64 0
7k
| premises
stringlengths 118
4.1k
| paragraph
stringlengths 111
4.06k
| conclusion
stringlengths 15
240
| question
stringlengths 14
249
| label
stringclasses 3
values | arg
stringlengths 54
2.02k
| statements
stringlengths 51
1.12k
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int64 1
7
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3,671 |
["Should it be the case that the statement that 'some bass has fins' is incorrect, it follows that stimulant drugs are exceedingly dangerous to both physical and mental health.", "When the statement that 'some bass has fins' is incorrect is true, it follows that greater amberjack are among the largest, most aggressive reef fish found in the northern Gulf.", "So long as greater amberjack are among the largest, most aggressive reef fish found in the northern Gulf, 'the claim that lies are also a means for taking control away from someone else and co-opting it for oneself does not reflect reality' is true.", 'There is good reason to believe that either guavas have (part) tree branches or if most species raise one brood per year, then vigorous condensation can produce more energy than the surroundings can safely carry away.', 'Given that guavas have (part) tree branches, it can be inferred that if stimulant drugs are exceedingly dangerous to both physical and mental health, then lies are also a means for taking control away from someone else and co-opting it for oneself.', 'Once we know if most species raise one brood per year, then vigorous condensation can produce more energy than the surroundings can safely carry away, we also know that if stimulant drugs are exceedingly dangerous to both physical and mental health, then lies are also a means for taking control away from someone else and co-opting it for oneself.']
|
Should it be the case that the statement that 'some bass has fins' is incorrect, it follows that stimulant drugs are exceedingly dangerous to both physical and mental health. When the statement that 'some bass has fins' is incorrect is true, it follows that greater amberjack are among the largest, most aggressive reef fish found in the northern Gulf. So long as greater amberjack are among the largest, most aggressive reef fish found in the northern Gulf, 'the claim that lies are also a means for taking control away from someone else and co-opting it for oneself does not reflect reality' is true. There is good reason to believe that either guavas have (part) tree branches or if most species raise one brood per year, then vigorous condensation can produce more energy than the surroundings can safely carry away. Given that guavas have (part) tree branches, it can be inferred that if stimulant drugs are exceedingly dangerous to both physical and mental health, then lies are also a means for taking control away from someone else and co-opting it for oneself. Once we know if most species raise one brood per year, then vigorous condensation can produce more energy than the surroundings can safely carry away, we also know that if stimulant drugs are exceedingly dangerous to both physical and mental health, then lies are also a means for taking control away from someone else and co-opting it for oneself.
|
It is reasonable to believe that some bass has fins.
|
Some bass follow baitfish into open water.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [0].), then [2].
If [2], then [1]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC2-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [4] or (If [5], then [6].).
If [4], then (If [2], then [1].).
If (If [5], then [6].), then (If [2], then [1].).
Therefore, If [2], then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [0].), then [3].
If [3], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Some bass has fins.', 1: 'Lies are also a means for taking control away from someone else and co-opting it for oneself.', 2: 'Stimulant drugs are exceedingly dangerous to both physical and mental health.', 3: 'Greater amberjack are among the largest, most aggressive reef fish found in the northern Gulf.', 4: 'Guavas have (part) tree branches.', 5: 'Most species raise one brood per year.', 6: 'Vigorous condensation can produce more energy than the surroundings can safely carry away.'}
| 4 |
3,109 |
["Whenever it is true that marine animals are animals, 'if nests are holes in trees with soft rotting wood, then mental symptoms come on during rest, while sitting and lying, and go off on walking about' is true.", 'marine animals are animals.', 'When corkscrew willow is an example of a plant that naturally has twisted branches is true, it follows that nests are holes in trees with soft rotting wood.', 'When those that suggest corkscrew willow is an example of a plant that naturally has twisted branches are wrong is true, it follows that people usually have phobias that deal with objects , situations or activities.', 'On the condition that those that suggest corkscrew willow is an example of a plant that naturally has twisted branches are wrong, it is definitely the case that the claim that people usually have phobias that deal with objects , situations or activities does not correspond with reality.']
|
Whenever it is true that marine animals are animals, 'if nests are holes in trees with soft rotting wood, then mental symptoms come on during rest, while sitting and lying, and go off on walking about' is true. marine animals are animals. When corkscrew willow is an example of a plant that naturally has twisted branches is true, it follows that nests are holes in trees with soft rotting wood. When those that suggest corkscrew willow is an example of a plant that naturally has twisted branches are wrong is true, it follows that people usually have phobias that deal with objects , situations or activities. On the condition that those that suggest corkscrew willow is an example of a plant that naturally has twisted branches are wrong, it is definitely the case that the claim that people usually have phobias that deal with objects , situations or activities does not correspond with reality.
|
The statement 'mental symptoms come on during rest, while sitting and lying, and go off on walking about' is true.
|
The statement, mental symptoms come on during rest, while sitting and lying, and go off on walking about, does not hold.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If [1], then [0].).
[3]
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then [1].
[2] [SC2-2]
Therefore, [1].
[SC2-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [2].), then [4].
If (Not [2].), then (Not [4].).
Therefore, [2].
|
{0: 'Mental symptoms come on during rest, while sitting and lying, and go off on walking about.', 1: 'Nests are holes in trees with soft rotting wood.', 2: 'Corkscrew willow is an example of a plant that naturally has twisted branches.', 3: 'Marine animals are animals.', 4: 'People usually have phobias that deal with objects , situations or activities.'}
| 4 |
3,661 |
["We know that either smoking plays a major role in heart disease and stroke, the leading causes of death in women or if parents fear for children's diet, then biological function does come down eventually to the protein level.", 'The statement, smoking plays a major role in heart disease and stroke, the leading causes of death in women, does not hold.', 'We know that at least one of two things is true: most wombats make burrows, or ethical behavior is important for success in life as well as in business.', "Provided that most wombats make burrows, we know that parents fear for children's diet.", "If if crop rotation is one of the most cost-efficient means of reducing pests, then waxwings are irregular in their wanderings, then if ethical behavior is important for success in life as well as in business, then parents fear for children's diet.", 'Should it be the case that crop rotation is one of the most cost-efficient means of reducing pests, it follows that waxwings are irregular in their wanderings.']
|
We know that either smoking plays a major role in heart disease and stroke, the leading causes of death in women or if parents fear for children's diet, then biological function does come down eventually to the protein level. The statement, smoking plays a major role in heart disease and stroke, the leading causes of death in women, does not hold. We know that at least one of two things is true: most wombats make burrows, or ethical behavior is important for success in life as well as in business. Provided that most wombats make burrows, we know that parents fear for children's diet. If if crop rotation is one of the most cost-efficient means of reducing pests, then waxwings are irregular in their wanderings, then if ethical behavior is important for success in life as well as in business, then parents fear for children's diet. Should it be the case that crop rotation is one of the most cost-efficient means of reducing pests, it follows that waxwings are irregular in their wanderings.
|
It is reasonable to believe that biological function does come down eventually to the protein level.
|
Most biological functions relate to bone metabolism.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [4] or (If [1], then [0].).
Not [4].
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then [1].
If [3], then [1]. [SC3-2]
Therefore, [1].
[SC3-2]
Modus Ponens:
If (If [5], then [6].), then (If [3], then [1].).
If [5], then [6].
Therefore, If [3], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Biological function does come down eventually to the protein level.', 1: "Parents fear for children's diet.", 2: 'Most wombats make burrows.', 3: 'Ethical behavior is important for success in life as well as in business.', 4: 'Smoking plays a major role in heart disease and stroke, the leading causes of death in women.', 5: 'Crop rotation is one of the most cost-efficient means of reducing pests.', 6: 'Waxwings are irregular in their wanderings.'}
| 4 |
3,379 |
["Should it be the case that the statement that 'most nematodes establish locations' is incorrect, it follows that the claim that box jellyfish rely on venomous tentacles has no merit.", 'Either controlled breathing helps the mind center on relaxing and developing a sense of the inner spirit or either brilliant flowers need full sunlight or norwegian defence is based on basic compulsory military training for all men.', "If controlled breathing helps the mind center on relaxing and developing a sense of the inner spirit, then if the statement that 'most nematodes establish locations' is incorrect, then box jellyfish rely on venomous tentacles.", "On the condition that some dusky kobs reach sexual maturity, it is definitely the case that if the statement that 'most nematodes establish locations' is incorrect, then box jellyfish rely on venomous tentacles.", 'Either one or both of these statements are true: new technologies drive economics, law, business, health, sports, philosophy, etc, or skunks remain in handstand positions.', 'When new technologies drive economics, law, business, health, sports, philosophy, etc is true, it follows that if either brilliant flowers need full sunlight or norwegian defence is based on basic compulsory military training for all men, then some dusky kobs reach sexual maturity.', 'Once we know skunks remain in handstand positions, we also know that if either brilliant flowers need full sunlight or norwegian defence is based on basic compulsory military training for all men, then some dusky kobs reach sexual maturity.']
|
Should it be the case that the statement that 'most nematodes establish locations' is incorrect, it follows that the claim that box jellyfish rely on venomous tentacles has no merit. Either controlled breathing helps the mind center on relaxing and developing a sense of the inner spirit or either brilliant flowers need full sunlight or norwegian defence is based on basic compulsory military training for all men. If controlled breathing helps the mind center on relaxing and developing a sense of the inner spirit, then if the statement that 'most nematodes establish locations' is incorrect, then box jellyfish rely on venomous tentacles. On the condition that some dusky kobs reach sexual maturity, it is definitely the case that if the statement that 'most nematodes establish locations' is incorrect, then box jellyfish rely on venomous tentacles. Either one or both of these statements are true: new technologies drive economics, law, business, health, sports, philosophy, etc, or skunks remain in handstand positions. When new technologies drive economics, law, business, health, sports, philosophy, etc is true, it follows that if either brilliant flowers need full sunlight or norwegian defence is based on basic compulsory military training for all men, then some dusky kobs reach sexual maturity. Once we know skunks remain in handstand positions, we also know that if either brilliant flowers need full sunlight or norwegian defence is based on basic compulsory military training for all men, then some dusky kobs reach sexual maturity.
|
It is a simple truth that most nematodes establish locations.
|
It is a simple truth that most nematodes establish locations.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or (Either [3] or [4].).
If [2], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
If (Either [3] or [4].), then (If (Not [0].), then [1].). [SC3-2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC3-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Either [3] or [4].), then [5]. [SC1-3]
If [5], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
Therefore, If (Either [3] or [4].), then (If (Not [0].), then [1].)..
[SC1-3]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [6] or [7].
If [6], then (If (Either [3] or [4].), then [5].).
If [7], then (If (Either [3] or [4].), then [5].).
Therefore, If (Either [3] or [4].), then [5]..
|
{0: 'Most nematodes establish locations.', 1: 'Box jellyfish rely on venomous tentacles.', 2: 'Controlled breathing helps the mind center on relaxing and developing a sense of the inner spirit.', 3: 'Brilliant flowers need full sunlight.', 4: 'Norwegian defence is based on basic compulsory military training for all men.', 5: 'Some dusky kobs reach sexual maturity.', 6: 'New technologies drive economics, law, business, health, sports, philosophy, etc.', 7: 'Skunks remain in handstand positions.'}
| 4 |
3,625 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: terrorism is a political act, a response to U.S. foreign policy, or field guides look at pictures.', 'Should it be the case that zippers are another essential for temperature regulation, it follows that the claim that terrorism is a political act, a response to U.S. foreign policy does not correspond with reality.', 'Provided that we know that the claim that zippers are another essential for temperature regulation is false, we know that all magnets have two poles.', 'One may reasonably assume that if most gizzards contain gravel, then the statement that states all magnets have two poles is false.', 'It is a simple truth that most gizzards contain gravel.']
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: terrorism is a political act, a response to U.S. foreign policy, or field guides look at pictures. Should it be the case that zippers are another essential for temperature regulation, it follows that the claim that terrorism is a political act, a response to U.S. foreign policy does not correspond with reality. Provided that we know that the claim that zippers are another essential for temperature regulation is false, we know that all magnets have two poles. One may reasonably assume that if most gizzards contain gravel, then the statement that states all magnets have two poles is false. It is a simple truth that most gizzards contain gravel.
|
It is rational to agree that field guides look at pictures.
|
Those that suggest field guides look at pictures are wrong.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Not [1].).
[2] [SC2-2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [2].), then [3].
Not [3]. [SC2-3]
Therefore, [2].
[SC2-3]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (Not [3].).
[4]
Therefore, Not [3]..
|
{0: 'Field guides look at pictures.', 1: 'Terrorism is a political act, a response to U.S. foreign policy.', 2: 'Zippers are another essential for temperature regulation.', 3: 'All magnets have two poles.', 4: 'Most gizzards contain gravel.'}
| 4 |
3,603 |
["So long as sweet potato cuts into cubes, 'rats make their homes close to where their food is' is true.", 'Once we know some people mistakenly believe that either sweet potato cuts into cubes or binturongs eat fruit and small animals that they find using their sense of smell to find food , we also know that bones require calcium to maintain their strength.', "Given that some people mistakenly believe that either sweet potato cuts into cubes or binturongs eat fruit and small animals that they find using their sense of smell to find food , it can be inferred that the statement 'bones require calcium to maintain their strength' can be considered false.", 'The claim that most island nations have coastlines is false.', 'We know that at least one of two things is true: major factors regulate phytoplankton growth, or some weeds are alien plants that aggressively compete with native plants.', 'Given that major factors regulate phytoplankton growth, it can be inferred that most island nations have coastlines.', 'On the condition that some weeds are alien plants that aggressively compete with native plants, it is definitely the case that if binturongs eat fruit and small animals that they find using their sense of smell to find food , then rats make their homes close to where their food is.']
|
So long as sweet potato cuts into cubes, 'rats make their homes close to where their food is' is true. Once we know some people mistakenly believe that either sweet potato cuts into cubes or binturongs eat fruit and small animals that they find using their sense of smell to find food , we also know that bones require calcium to maintain their strength. Given that some people mistakenly believe that either sweet potato cuts into cubes or binturongs eat fruit and small animals that they find using their sense of smell to find food , it can be inferred that the statement 'bones require calcium to maintain their strength' can be considered false. The claim that most island nations have coastlines is false. We know that at least one of two things is true: major factors regulate phytoplankton growth, or some weeds are alien plants that aggressively compete with native plants. Given that major factors regulate phytoplankton growth, it can be inferred that most island nations have coastlines. On the condition that some weeds are alien plants that aggressively compete with native plants, it is definitely the case that if binturongs eat fruit and small animals that they find using their sense of smell to find food , then rats make their homes close to where their food is.
|
It is the case that rats make their homes close to where their food is.
|
It is the case that rats make their homes close to where their food is.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then [4].
If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then (Not [4].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
[SC3-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (If [2], then [0].). [SC1-2]
Not [3].
Therefore, If [2], then [0]..
[SC1-2]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [5] or [6].
If [5], then [3].
If [6], then (If [2], then [0].).
Therefore, Either [3] or (If [2], then [0].)..
|
{0: 'Rats make their homes close to where their food is.', 1: 'Sweet potato cuts into cubes.', 2: 'Binturongs eat fruit and small animals that they find using their sense of smell to find food .', 3: 'Most island nations have coastlines.', 4: 'Bones require calcium to maintain their strength.', 5: 'Major factors regulate phytoplankton growth.', 6: 'Some weeds are alien plants that aggressively compete with native plants.'}
| 4 |
3,092 |
["So long as it is not the case that if the notion that 'most animals live in different environments' is untrue, then personal change is the foundation of collective change, 'if mental pollutions are the cause of physical and environmental ravages, then bone remodels itself to remove worn cells and to maintain the proper amount of calcium in the blood' is true.", "Should it be the case that it is not the case that if the notion that 'most animals live in different environments' is untrue, then personal change is the foundation of collective change, it follows that the statement that 'if mental pollutions are the cause of physical and environmental ravages, then bone remodels itself to remove worn cells and to maintain the proper amount of calcium in the blood' is incorrect.", "When loons are heavy birds with their feet positioned far back on their body is true, it follows that if the notion that 'most animals live in different environments' is untrue, then the notion that 'personal change is the foundation of collective change' is untrue.", "One may reasonably assume that if the statement 'loons are heavy birds with their feet positioned far back on their body' can be considered false, then either carotenes are present in lesser amounts than the other yellow pigment - xanthophyll or some storks possess eggs.", 'Some people mistakenly believe that either carotenes are present in lesser amounts than the other yellow pigment - xanthophyll or some storks possess eggs.']
|
So long as it is not the case that if the notion that 'most animals live in different environments' is untrue, then personal change is the foundation of collective change, 'if mental pollutions are the cause of physical and environmental ravages, then bone remodels itself to remove worn cells and to maintain the proper amount of calcium in the blood' is true. Should it be the case that it is not the case that if the notion that 'most animals live in different environments' is untrue, then personal change is the foundation of collective change, it follows that the statement that 'if mental pollutions are the cause of physical and environmental ravages, then bone remodels itself to remove worn cells and to maintain the proper amount of calcium in the blood' is incorrect. When loons are heavy birds with their feet positioned far back on their body is true, it follows that if the notion that 'most animals live in different environments' is untrue, then the notion that 'personal change is the foundation of collective change' is untrue. One may reasonably assume that if the statement 'loons are heavy birds with their feet positioned far back on their body' can be considered false, then either carotenes are present in lesser amounts than the other yellow pigment - xanthophyll or some storks possess eggs. Some people mistakenly believe that either carotenes are present in lesser amounts than the other yellow pigment - xanthophyll or some storks possess eggs.
|
The statement that states most animals live in different environments is right.
|
The claim that most animals live in different environments has no merit.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (If [3], then [4].).
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (Not (If [3], then [4].).).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).
[2] [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [2].), then (Either [5] or [6].).
Not (Either [5] or [6].).
Therefore, [2].
|
{0: 'Most animals live in different environments.', 1: 'Personal change is the foundation of collective change.', 2: 'Loons are heavy birds with their feet positioned far back on their body.', 3: 'Mental pollutions are the cause of physical and environmental ravages.', 4: 'Bone remodels itself to remove worn cells and to maintain the proper amount of calcium in the blood.', 5: 'Carotenes are present in lesser amounts than the other yellow pigment - xanthophyll.', 6: 'Some storks possess eggs.'}
| 4 |
3,451 |
['On the condition that photojournalists often hope that something they do with make a difference, it is definitely the case that if the claim that roots have specialization is false, then mechanical stimuli lead to responses.', 'Many people rightly believe that photojournalists often hope that something they do with make a difference.', "Should it be the case that mechanical stimuli lead to responses, it follows that the statement 'either most shrubs provide shelter or workmen have (part) nuclei' can be considered false.", 'Assuming mechanical stimuli lead to responses, we know that rats are rodents and belong to the same family as mice.', 'Provided that rats are rodents and belong to the same family as mice, we know that either most shrubs provide shelter or workmen have (part) nuclei.']
|
On the condition that photojournalists often hope that something they do with make a difference, it is definitely the case that if the claim that roots have specialization is false, then mechanical stimuli lead to responses. Many people rightly believe that photojournalists often hope that something they do with make a difference. Should it be the case that mechanical stimuli lead to responses, it follows that the statement 'either most shrubs provide shelter or workmen have (part) nuclei' can be considered false. Assuming mechanical stimuli lead to responses, we know that rats are rodents and belong to the same family as mice. Provided that rats are rodents and belong to the same family as mice, we know that either most shrubs provide shelter or workmen have (part) nuclei.
|
It is rational to agree that roots have specialization.
|
Some roots resemble corn.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
[2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [1], then (Either [3] or [4].). [SC1-2]
If [1], then (Not (Either [3] or [4].).).
Therefore, Not [1]..
[SC1-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [1], then [5].
If [5], then (Either [3] or [4].).
Therefore, If [1], then (Either [3] or [4].)..
|
{0: 'Roots have specialization.', 1: 'Mechanical stimuli lead to responses.', 2: 'Photojournalists often hope that something they do with make a difference.', 3: 'Most shrubs provide shelter.', 4: 'Workmen have (part) nuclei.', 5: 'Rats are rodents and belong to the same family as mice.'}
| 4 |
3,652 |
['At least one of two things is true: buckwheat is grain, or some large industries require high-voltage current and receive it directly from transmission lines.', 'Given that tropes are word figures, and properly belong in the realm of lexicology, it can be inferred that most bonds have high energy.', 'Once we know some large industries require high-voltage current and receive it directly from transmission lines, we also know that antioxidants are a way to reduce and potentially neutralize the rampage of free-radical damage.', 'When antioxidants are a way to reduce and potentially neutralize the rampage of free-radical damage is true, it follows that most bonds have high energy.', 'On the condition that buckwheat is grain, it is definitely the case that wild pigs live mainly in open woodlands, especially where there are wallows.', 'Provided that wild pigs live mainly in open woodlands, especially where there are wallows, we know that tropes are word figures, and properly belong in the realm of lexicology.']
|
At least one of two things is true: buckwheat is grain, or some large industries require high-voltage current and receive it directly from transmission lines. Given that tropes are word figures, and properly belong in the realm of lexicology, it can be inferred that most bonds have high energy. Once we know some large industries require high-voltage current and receive it directly from transmission lines, we also know that antioxidants are a way to reduce and potentially neutralize the rampage of free-radical damage. When antioxidants are a way to reduce and potentially neutralize the rampage of free-radical damage is true, it follows that most bonds have high energy. On the condition that buckwheat is grain, it is definitely the case that wild pigs live mainly in open woodlands, especially where there are wallows. Provided that wild pigs live mainly in open woodlands, especially where there are wallows, we know that tropes are word figures, and properly belong in the realm of lexicology.
|
most bonds have high energy.
|
Most bonds have high energy.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If [2], then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [1], then [3]. [SC1-2]
If [3], then [0].
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC1-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [1], then [5].
If [5], then [3].
Therefore, If [1], then [3]..
[SC3-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [2], then [4].
If [4], then [0].
Therefore, If [2], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Most bonds have high energy.', 1: 'Buckwheat is grain.', 2: 'Some large industries require high-voltage current and receive it directly from transmission lines.', 3: 'Tropes are word figures, and properly belong in the realm of lexicology.', 4: 'Antioxidants are a way to reduce and potentially neutralize the rampage of free-radical damage.', 5: 'Wild pigs live mainly in open woodlands, especially where there are wallows.'}
| 4 |
3,822 |
['The claim that most green plants have branches is false.', 'Should it be the case that the claim that either most green plants have branches or it is not true that if interstellar space is filled with a dilute, relatively cold plasma, then procedures are proceeding has no merit, it follows that endoparasites live inside a plant or animal.', 'The claim that annual grasses grow in the rainy season, and leguminous plants appear in years of good rainfall does not correspond with reality.', 'It is a fact that either mast cells are instrumental in resistance to some other intestinal helminthiases or if endoparasites live inside a plant or animal, then annual grasses grow in the rainy season, and leguminous plants appear in years of good rainfall.', 'Those that suggest mast cells are instrumental in resistance to some other intestinal helminthiases are wrong.']
|
The claim that most green plants have branches is false. Should it be the case that the claim that either most green plants have branches or it is not true that if interstellar space is filled with a dilute, relatively cold plasma, then procedures are proceeding has no merit, it follows that endoparasites live inside a plant or animal. The claim that annual grasses grow in the rainy season, and leguminous plants appear in years of good rainfall does not correspond with reality. It is a fact that either mast cells are instrumental in resistance to some other intestinal helminthiases or if endoparasites live inside a plant or animal, then annual grasses grow in the rainy season, and leguminous plants appear in years of good rainfall. Those that suggest mast cells are instrumental in resistance to some other intestinal helminthiases are wrong.
|
It is not true that if interstellar space is filled with a dilute, relatively cold plasma, then procedures are proceeding.
|
Should it be the case that interstellar space is filled with a dilute, relatively cold plasma, it follows that procedures are proceeding.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Not (If [0], then [1].).). [SC1-1]
Not [2].
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [2] or (Not (If [0], then [1].).).).), then [3].
Not [3]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, Either [2] or (Not (If [0], then [1].).)..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If [3], then [4]. [SC1-3]
Not [4].
Therefore, Not [3]..
[SC1-3]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [5] or (If [3], then [4].).
Not [5].
Therefore, If [3], then [4]..
|
{0: 'Interstellar space is filled with a dilute, relatively cold plasma.', 1: 'Procedures are proceeding.', 2: 'Most green plants have branches.', 3: 'Endoparasites live inside a plant or animal.', 4: 'Annual grasses grow in the rainy season, and leguminous plants appear in years of good rainfall.', 5: 'Mast cells are instrumental in resistance to some other intestinal helminthiases.'}
| 4 |
3,855 |
['At least one of two things is true: convalescent care is defined as care received while recovering from an illness or injury, or either instinct isa aptitude or either neutrons are particularly useful because they have no electric charge or red dots seen on lips can be inflammation.', 'The claim that convalescent care is defined as care received while recovering from an illness or injury does not reflect reality.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: copper is present in small amounts in most foods, or most growth requires proper nutrition.', 'If copper is present in small amounts in most foods, then if instinct isa aptitude, then either mollusks also nourish humans culturally or endurance sports are social sports.', 'Should it be the case that most growth requires proper nutrition, it follows that if instinct isa aptitude, then either mollusks also nourish humans culturally or endurance sports are social sports.', 'Provided that ski jumping is a part of the Winter Olympic Games, we know that if either neutrons are particularly useful because they have no electric charge or red dots seen on lips can be inflammation, then either mollusks also nourish humans culturally or endurance sports are social sports.', 'It is true that ski jumping is a part of the Winter Olympic Games.']
|
At least one of two things is true: convalescent care is defined as care received while recovering from an illness or injury, or either instinct isa aptitude or either neutrons are particularly useful because they have no electric charge or red dots seen on lips can be inflammation. The claim that convalescent care is defined as care received while recovering from an illness or injury does not reflect reality. Either one or both of these statements are true: copper is present in small amounts in most foods, or most growth requires proper nutrition. If copper is present in small amounts in most foods, then if instinct isa aptitude, then either mollusks also nourish humans culturally or endurance sports are social sports. Should it be the case that most growth requires proper nutrition, it follows that if instinct isa aptitude, then either mollusks also nourish humans culturally or endurance sports are social sports. Provided that ski jumping is a part of the Winter Olympic Games, we know that if either neutrons are particularly useful because they have no electric charge or red dots seen on lips can be inflammation, then either mollusks also nourish humans culturally or endurance sports are social sports. It is true that ski jumping is a part of the Winter Olympic Games.
|
Either mollusks also nourish humans culturally or endurance sports are social sports.
|
Either mollusks also nourish humans culturally or endurance sports are social sports.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or (Either [3] or [4].). [SC1-1]
If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].). [SC2-1]
If (Either [3] or [4].), then (Either [0] or [1].). [SC3-1]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [7] or (Either [2] or (Either [3] or [4].).).
Not [7].
Therefore, Either [2] or (Either [3] or [4].)..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [5] or [6].
If [5], then (If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).).
If [6], then (If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).).
Therefore, If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].)..
[SC3-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [8], then (If (Either [3] or [4].), then (Either [0] or [1].).).
[8]
Therefore, If (Either [3] or [4].), then (Either [0] or [1].)..
|
{0: 'Mollusks also nourish humans culturally.', 1: 'Endurance sports are social sports.', 2: 'Instinct isa aptitude.', 3: 'Neutrons are particularly useful because they have no electric charge.', 4: 'Red dots seen on lips can be inflammation.', 5: 'Copper is present in small amounts in most foods.', 6: 'Most growth requires proper nutrition.', 7: 'Convalescent care is defined as care received while recovering from an illness or injury.', 8: 'Ski jumping is a part of the Winter Olympic Games.'}
| 4 |
3,390 |
['Either winter is rather cold, especially in the mountains and intermountain basins or if winged forms migrate to start new colonies only on crape myrtles, then rock music has advantages over classical music.', 'One may reasonably assume that if a glochid is a spikelet, then winged forms migrate to start new colonies only on crape myrtles.', "The statement 'a glochid is a spikelet' can be considered true.", 'We know that either cycads grow in a few warm, moist sections of Africa, Asia, and Central America or some people mistakenly believe that winter is rather cold, especially in the mountains and intermountain basins.', 'It is a common misconception that cycads grow in a few warm, moist sections of Africa, Asia, and Central America.']
|
Either winter is rather cold, especially in the mountains and intermountain basins or if winged forms migrate to start new colonies only on crape myrtles, then rock music has advantages over classical music. One may reasonably assume that if a glochid is a spikelet, then winged forms migrate to start new colonies only on crape myrtles. The statement 'a glochid is a spikelet' can be considered true. We know that either cycads grow in a few warm, moist sections of Africa, Asia, and Central America or some people mistakenly believe that winter is rather cold, especially in the mountains and intermountain basins. It is a common misconception that cycads grow in a few warm, moist sections of Africa, Asia, and Central America.
|
It is a simple truth that rock music has advantages over classical music.
|
Rock music is both a reflection of our culture and an influence on it.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (If [1], then [0].).
Not [3]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC2-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [4] or (Not [3].).
Not [4].
Therefore, Not [3]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then [1].
[2]
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Rock music has advantages over classical music.', 1: 'Winged forms migrate to start new colonies only on crape myrtles.', 2: 'A glochid is a spikelet.', 3: 'Winter is rather cold, especially in the mountains and intermountain basins.', 4: 'Cycads grow in a few warm, moist sections of Africa, Asia, and Central America.'}
| 4 |
3,577 |
['Once we know those that suggest either gemsbok occur in mixed herds, nursery herds and solitary, territorial males or transportation is a large contributor to greenhouse gas emissions are wrong, we also know that clouds blowing inland from the coast bring rain to the mountains.', "The notion that 'clouds blowing inland from the coast bring rain to the mountains' is untrue.", "The notion that 'some water passes through sand' is untrue.", 'Provided that it is not true that if gemsbok occur in mixed herds, nursery herds and solitary, territorial males, then some water passes through sand, we know that weasels are located in law offices.', 'Assuming it is not true that if gemsbok occur in mixed herds, nursery herds and solitary, territorial males, then some water passes through sand, we know that we know that the claim that weasels are located in law offices is false.']
|
Once we know those that suggest either gemsbok occur in mixed herds, nursery herds and solitary, territorial males or transportation is a large contributor to greenhouse gas emissions are wrong, we also know that clouds blowing inland from the coast bring rain to the mountains. The notion that 'clouds blowing inland from the coast bring rain to the mountains' is untrue. The notion that 'some water passes through sand' is untrue. Provided that it is not true that if gemsbok occur in mixed herds, nursery herds and solitary, territorial males, then some water passes through sand, we know that weasels are located in law offices. Assuming it is not true that if gemsbok occur in mixed herds, nursery herds and solitary, territorial males, then some water passes through sand, we know that we know that the claim that weasels are located in law offices is false.
|
The statement 'transportation is a large contributor to greenhouse gas emissions' is true.
|
It is not the case that transportation is a large contributor to greenhouse gas emissions.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [1], then [3]. [SC1-2]
Not [3].
Therefore, Not [1]..
[SC1-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [1], then [3].).), then [4].
If (Not (If [1], then [3].).), then (Not [4].).
Therefore, If [1], then [3]..
|
{0: 'Transportation is a large contributor to greenhouse gas emissions.', 1: 'Gemsbok occur in mixed herds, nursery herds and solitary, territorial males.', 2: 'Clouds blowing inland from the coast bring rain to the mountains.', 3: 'Some water passes through sand.', 4: 'Weasels are located in law offices.'}
| 4 |
3,985 |
["It is a fact that either simplicity is a desire to be alone with one's self or with another person in like circumstances or extremities show trophic changes, especially of the nails and Skin.", "Given that the claim that either either young animals are easier to restrain or growth generally continues throughout life, but is very slow in older animals or the claim that simplicity is a desire to be alone with one's self or with another person in like circumstances is false does not correspond with reality, it can be inferred that normal kidneys clean the blood by filtering excess fluid and waste from the blood.", 'Some people mistakenly believe that normal kidneys clean the blood by filtering excess fluid and waste from the blood.', 'It is rational to believe that either some feathers experience air resistance or water voles live in localised groups.', 'When some feathers experience air resistance is true, it follows that we know that the claim that either young animals are easier to restrain or growth generally continues throughout life, but is very slow in older animals is false.', 'On the condition that water voles live in localised groups, it is definitely the case that we know that the claim that either young animals are easier to restrain or growth generally continues throughout life, but is very slow in older animals is false.']
|
It is a fact that either simplicity is a desire to be alone with one's self or with another person in like circumstances or extremities show trophic changes, especially of the nails and Skin. Given that the claim that either either young animals are easier to restrain or growth generally continues throughout life, but is very slow in older animals or the claim that simplicity is a desire to be alone with one's self or with another person in like circumstances is false does not correspond with reality, it can be inferred that normal kidneys clean the blood by filtering excess fluid and waste from the blood. Some people mistakenly believe that normal kidneys clean the blood by filtering excess fluid and waste from the blood. It is rational to believe that either some feathers experience air resistance or water voles live in localised groups. When some feathers experience air resistance is true, it follows that we know that the claim that either young animals are easier to restrain or growth generally continues throughout life, but is very slow in older animals is false. On the condition that water voles live in localised groups, it is definitely the case that we know that the claim that either young animals are easier to restrain or growth generally continues throughout life, but is very slow in older animals is false.
|
It is a simple truth that extremities show trophic changes, especially of the nails and Skin.
|
Extremities are adversity.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [2] or [3].) or (Not [1].). [SC1-2]
Not (Either [2] or [3].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
[SC1-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either (Either [2] or [3].) or (Not [1].).).), then [6].
Not [6].
Therefore, Either (Either [2] or [3].) or (Not [1].)..
[SC2-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [4] or [5].
If [4], then (Not (Either [2] or [3].).).
If [5], then (Not (Either [2] or [3].).).
Therefore, Not (Either [2] or [3].)..
|
{0: 'Extremities show trophic changes, especially of the nails and Skin.', 1: "Simplicity is a desire to be alone with one's self or with another person in like circumstances.", 2: 'Young animals are easier to restrain.', 3: 'Growth generally continues throughout life, but is very slow in older animals.', 4: 'Some feathers experience air resistance.', 5: 'Water voles live in localised groups.', 6: 'Normal kidneys clean the blood by filtering excess fluid and waste from the blood.'}
| 4 |
3,422 |
['There is good reason to believe that either pelvic fractures can produce massive bleeding or most camels possess humps.', 'Assuming pelvic fractures can produce massive bleeding, we know that many products use formaldehyde during the manufacturing process.', "So long as most camels possess humps, 'most mammals have four limbs and are born rather than hatched' is true.", 'Provided that many products use formaldehyde during the manufacturing process, we know that human nature is an act of self preservation.', 'One may reasonably assume that if human nature is an act of self preservation, then it is a common misconception that if warts can spread to other parts of the body, particularly if scratching a wart causes it to bleed, then ecological systems provide the material foundation for human subsistence and development.', 'Once we know the claim that if most mammals have four limbs and are born rather than hatched, then it is a common misconception that if warts can spread to other parts of the body, particularly if scratching a wart causes it to bleed, then ecological systems provide the material foundation for human subsistence and development does not correspond with reality, we also know that refraction occurs at surfaces or interfaces just as reflection does.', "The statement that 'refraction occurs at surfaces or interfaces just as reflection does' is incorrect."]
|
There is good reason to believe that either pelvic fractures can produce massive bleeding or most camels possess humps. Assuming pelvic fractures can produce massive bleeding, we know that many products use formaldehyde during the manufacturing process. So long as most camels possess humps, 'most mammals have four limbs and are born rather than hatched' is true. Provided that many products use formaldehyde during the manufacturing process, we know that human nature is an act of self preservation. One may reasonably assume that if human nature is an act of self preservation, then it is a common misconception that if warts can spread to other parts of the body, particularly if scratching a wart causes it to bleed, then ecological systems provide the material foundation for human subsistence and development. Once we know the claim that if most mammals have four limbs and are born rather than hatched, then it is a common misconception that if warts can spread to other parts of the body, particularly if scratching a wart causes it to bleed, then ecological systems provide the material foundation for human subsistence and development does not correspond with reality, we also know that refraction occurs at surfaces or interfaces just as reflection does. The statement that 'refraction occurs at surfaces or interfaces just as reflection does' is incorrect.
|
It is a common misconception that if warts can spread to other parts of the body, particularly if scratching a wart causes it to bleed, then ecological systems provide the material foundation for human subsistence and development.
|
It is a common misconception that if warts can spread to other parts of the body, particularly if scratching a wart causes it to bleed, then ecological systems provide the material foundation for human subsistence and development.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3]. [SC1-1]
If [2], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).). [SC2-1]
If [3], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).). [SC3-1]
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC1-1]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [6] or [7].
If [6], then [2].
If [7], then [3].
Therefore, Either [2] or [3]..
[SC2-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [2], then [5].
If [5], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).).
Therefore, If [2], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).)..
[SC3-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [3], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).).).), then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, If [3], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).)..
|
{0: 'Warts can spread to other parts of the body, particularly if scratching a wart causes it to bleed.', 1: 'Ecological systems provide the material foundation for human subsistence and development.', 2: 'Many products use formaldehyde during the manufacturing process.', 3: 'Most mammals have four limbs and are born rather than hatched.', 4: 'Refraction occurs at surfaces or interfaces just as reflection does.', 5: 'Human nature is an act of self preservation.', 6: 'Pelvic fractures can produce massive bleeding.', 7: 'Most camels possess humps.'}
| 4 |
3,211 |
['At least one of two things is true: paint is one of the easiest ways to use color to unite a garden, or if it is not the case that feathers have specific functions, then some households have more than one type of gun.', 'Those that suggest paint is one of the easiest ways to use color to unite a garden are wrong.', "Whenever it is true that some households have more than one type of gun, 'nature is the outcome of intelligent design' is true.", "Whenever it is true that it is not the case that if some households have more than one type of gun, then the claim that nature is the outcome of intelligent design has no merit, 'energy appears in different forms' is true.", 'The claim that energy appears in different forms has no merit.']
|
At least one of two things is true: paint is one of the easiest ways to use color to unite a garden, or if it is not the case that feathers have specific functions, then some households have more than one type of gun. Those that suggest paint is one of the easiest ways to use color to unite a garden are wrong. Whenever it is true that some households have more than one type of gun, 'nature is the outcome of intelligent design' is true. Whenever it is true that it is not the case that if some households have more than one type of gun, then the claim that nature is the outcome of intelligent design has no merit, 'energy appears in different forms' is true. The claim that energy appears in different forms has no merit.
|
It is fair to say that feathers have specific functions.
|
It is fair to say that feathers have specific functions.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
Not [3].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [1], then [2].
If [1], then (Not [2].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [1], then (Not [2].).).), then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, If [1], then (Not [2].)..
|
{0: 'Feathers have specific functions.', 1: 'Some households have more than one type of gun.', 2: 'Nature is the outcome of intelligent design.', 3: 'Paint is one of the easiest ways to use color to unite a garden.', 4: 'Energy appears in different forms.'}
| 4 |
3,171 |
['It is a fact that either if moles have (part) cell membranes, then most power plants use gases or if pigeons are highly sociable animals, then aerobic bacteria use nitrogen to multiply and break down the organic material.', 'The claim that if moles have (part) cell membranes, then most power plants use gases is false.', 'The claim that radiation is measured in units called rems and millirems is false.', 'Should it be the case that if most games involve drawing in the dirt, using rocks or sticks as writing instruments, then tape recorders combine knowledge both on mechanics and electronics , it follows that either radiation is measured in units called rems and millirems or pigeons are highly sociable animals.', "Whenever it is true that most games involve drawing in the dirt, using rocks or sticks as writing instruments, 'tape recorders combine knowledge both on mechanics and electronics ' is true."]
|
It is a fact that either if moles have (part) cell membranes, then most power plants use gases or if pigeons are highly sociable animals, then aerobic bacteria use nitrogen to multiply and break down the organic material. The claim that if moles have (part) cell membranes, then most power plants use gases is false. The claim that radiation is measured in units called rems and millirems is false. Should it be the case that if most games involve drawing in the dirt, using rocks or sticks as writing instruments, then tape recorders combine knowledge both on mechanics and electronics , it follows that either radiation is measured in units called rems and millirems or pigeons are highly sociable animals. Whenever it is true that most games involve drawing in the dirt, using rocks or sticks as writing instruments, 'tape recorders combine knowledge both on mechanics and electronics ' is true.
|
The claim that aerobic bacteria use nitrogen to multiply and break down the organic material is true.
|
Those that suggest aerobic bacteria use nitrogen to multiply and break down the organic material are wrong.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [3], then [4].) or (If [1], then [0].).
Not (If [3], then [4].).
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or [1]. [SC1-2]
Not [2].
Therefore, [1].
[SC1-2]
Modus Ponens:
If (If [5], then [6].), then (Either [2] or [1].).
If [5], then [6].
Therefore, Either [2] or [1]..
|
{0: 'Aerobic bacteria use nitrogen to multiply and break down the organic material.', 1: 'Pigeons are highly sociable animals.', 2: 'Radiation is measured in units called rems and millirems.', 3: 'Moles have (part) cell membranes.', 4: 'Most power plants use gases.', 5: 'Most games involve drawing in the dirt, using rocks or sticks as writing instruments.', 6: 'Tape recorders combine knowledge both on mechanics and electronics .'}
| 4 |
3,165 |
["So long as if mice enter burrows, then stable flies feed mainly on the legs and bellies of cattle and horses, 'penguins are living systems, like all other birds' is true.", 'Either field trials are tests or either spectators have (part) material bodies or most sexual reproduction produces hormones.', 'When either spectators have (part) material bodies or most sexual reproduction produces hormones is true, it follows that if mice enter burrows, then stable flies feed mainly on the legs and bellies of cattle and horses.', 'Given that it is not true that if pit bulls are very strong and can pull many times their weight , then penguins are living systems, like all other birds, it can be inferred that crops can be more resistant to drought and cool weather.', "Whenever it is true that it is not true that if pit bulls are very strong and can pull many times their weight , then penguins are living systems, like all other birds, 'the claim that crops can be more resistant to drought and cool weather does not reflect reality' is true.", 'We know that at least one of two things is true: either expressways are used for travel or tidal Forces keep ring particles from forming moons, or fat malabsorption has the potential to impair intestinal calcium absorption.', "Whenever it is true that either expressways are used for travel or tidal Forces keep ring particles from forming moons, 'if field trials are tests, then pit bulls are very strong and can pull many times their weight ' is true.", 'Should it be the case that fat malabsorption has the potential to impair intestinal calcium absorption, it follows that if field trials are tests, then pit bulls are very strong and can pull many times their weight .']
|
So long as if mice enter burrows, then stable flies feed mainly on the legs and bellies of cattle and horses, 'penguins are living systems, like all other birds' is true. Either field trials are tests or either spectators have (part) material bodies or most sexual reproduction produces hormones. When either spectators have (part) material bodies or most sexual reproduction produces hormones is true, it follows that if mice enter burrows, then stable flies feed mainly on the legs and bellies of cattle and horses. Given that it is not true that if pit bulls are very strong and can pull many times their weight , then penguins are living systems, like all other birds, it can be inferred that crops can be more resistant to drought and cool weather. Whenever it is true that it is not true that if pit bulls are very strong and can pull many times their weight , then penguins are living systems, like all other birds, 'the claim that crops can be more resistant to drought and cool weather does not reflect reality' is true. We know that at least one of two things is true: either expressways are used for travel or tidal Forces keep ring particles from forming moons, or fat malabsorption has the potential to impair intestinal calcium absorption. Whenever it is true that either expressways are used for travel or tidal Forces keep ring particles from forming moons, 'if field trials are tests, then pit bulls are very strong and can pull many times their weight ' is true. Should it be the case that fat malabsorption has the potential to impair intestinal calcium absorption, it follows that if field trials are tests, then pit bulls are very strong and can pull many times their weight .
|
Many people rightly believe that penguins are living systems, like all other birds.
|
Many people rightly believe that penguins are living systems, like all other birds.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or (If [2], then [3].). [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If (If [2], then [3].), then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [5] or (Either [6] or [7].).
If [5], then [1]. [SC2-2]
If (Either [6] or [7].), then (If [2], then [3].).
Therefore, Either [1] or (If [2], then [3].)..
[SC2-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [8] or [9].) or [10].
If (Either [8] or [9].), then (If [5], then [1].).
If [10], then (If [5], then [1].).
Therefore, If [5], then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then [4].
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then (Not [4].).
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Penguins are living systems, like all other birds.', 1: 'Pit bulls are very strong and can pull many times their weight .', 2: 'Mice enter burrows.', 3: 'Stable flies feed mainly on the legs and bellies of cattle and horses.', 4: 'Crops can be more resistant to drought and cool weather.', 5: 'Field trials are tests.', 6: 'Spectators have (part) material bodies.', 7: 'Most sexual reproduction produces hormones.', 8: 'Expressways are used for travel.', 9: 'Tidal Forces keep ring particles from forming moons.', 10: 'Fat malabsorption has the potential to impair intestinal calcium absorption.'}
| 4 |
3,238 |
["One may reasonably assume that if seizures are uncommon, but do occur in some people, then if hurricanes have bands, then if veins get bigger as they go toward the heart , then mountain ranges have a major impact on the earth's climate.", 'Many people rightly believe that seizures are uncommon, but do occur in some people.', "The statement 'hibernation often takes place in large groups' can be considered false.", "One may reasonably assume that if the claim that either hibernation often takes place in large groups or if hurricanes have bands, then some people mistakenly believe that if veins get bigger as they go toward the heart , then mountain ranges have a major impact on the earth's climate has no merit, then bats have tiny, razor sharp teeth and can sometimes bite people without their knowledge.", 'The statement, bats have tiny, razor sharp teeth and can sometimes bite people without their knowledge, does not hold.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if seizures are uncommon, but do occur in some people, then if hurricanes have bands, then if veins get bigger as they go toward the heart , then mountain ranges have a major impact on the earth's climate. Many people rightly believe that seizures are uncommon, but do occur in some people. The statement 'hibernation often takes place in large groups' can be considered false. One may reasonably assume that if the claim that either hibernation often takes place in large groups or if hurricanes have bands, then some people mistakenly believe that if veins get bigger as they go toward the heart , then mountain ranges have a major impact on the earth's climate has no merit, then bats have tiny, razor sharp teeth and can sometimes bite people without their knowledge. The statement, bats have tiny, razor sharp teeth and can sometimes bite people without their knowledge, does not hold.
|
The claim that hurricanes have bands is false.
|
It is the case that hurricanes have bands.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then (If [1], then [2].). [SC1-1]
If [0], then (Not (If [1], then [2].).). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (If [0], then (If [1], then [2].).).
[4]
Therefore, If [0], then (If [1], then [2].)..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (If [0], then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).). [SC1-2]
Not [3].
Therefore, If [0], then (Not (If [1], then [2].).)..
[SC1-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [3] or (If [0], then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).).).), then [5].
Not [5].
Therefore, Either [3] or (If [0], then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).)..
|
{0: 'Hurricanes have bands.', 1: 'Veins get bigger as they go toward the heart .', 2: "Mountain ranges have a major impact on the earth's climate.", 3: 'Hibernation often takes place in large groups.', 4: 'Seizures are uncommon, but do occur in some people.', 5: 'Bats have tiny, razor sharp teeth and can sometimes bite people without their knowledge.'}
| 4 |
3,188 |
['Once we know the claim that if the statement that states durability does have a higher price, but durable goods can last a lifetime is false, then nurseries have plants is false, we also know that ospreys are large birds known for diving down on their prey.', 'On the condition that the claim that if the statement that states durability does have a higher price, but durable goods can last a lifetime is false, then nurseries have plants is false, it is definitely the case that the statement that states ospreys are large birds known for diving down on their prey is false.', 'Many people rightly believe that mosquitoes are also important pollinators, as a large part of their diet consists of plant nectar.', 'Assuming mosquitoes are also important pollinators, as a large part of their diet consists of plant nectar, we know that anger can be one of the most challenging of all emotions to transform.', 'On the condition that anger can be one of the most challenging of all emotions to transform, it is definitely the case that if the statement that states durability does have a higher price, but durable goods can last a lifetime is false, then the claim that nurseries have plants does not correspond with reality.']
|
Once we know the claim that if the statement that states durability does have a higher price, but durable goods can last a lifetime is false, then nurseries have plants is false, we also know that ospreys are large birds known for diving down on their prey. On the condition that the claim that if the statement that states durability does have a higher price, but durable goods can last a lifetime is false, then nurseries have plants is false, it is definitely the case that the statement that states ospreys are large birds known for diving down on their prey is false. Many people rightly believe that mosquitoes are also important pollinators, as a large part of their diet consists of plant nectar. Assuming mosquitoes are also important pollinators, as a large part of their diet consists of plant nectar, we know that anger can be one of the most challenging of all emotions to transform. On the condition that anger can be one of the most challenging of all emotions to transform, it is definitely the case that if the statement that states durability does have a higher price, but durable goods can last a lifetime is false, then the claim that nurseries have plants does not correspond with reality.
|
durability does have a higher price, but durable goods can last a lifetime.
|
Durability does have a higher price, but durable goods can last a lifetime.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [3].
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).). [SC1-2]
[2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
[SC1-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [2], then [4].
If [4], then (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).
Therefore, If [2], then (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).)..
|
{0: 'Durability does have a higher price, but durable goods can last a lifetime.', 1: 'Nurseries have plants.', 2: 'Mosquitoes are also important pollinators, as a large part of their diet consists of plant nectar.', 3: 'Ospreys are large birds known for diving down on their prey.', 4: 'Anger can be one of the most challenging of all emotions to transform.'}
| 4 |
3,685 |
['Once we know yoga helps a majority of cases of insomnia, we also know that if some pests collect plant juice, then some kinetic theories explain energy.', 'Assuming neuromuscular paralysis is the most dreadful complication of snake bite, we know that some pests collect plant juice.', 'It is true that neuromuscular paralysis is the most dreadful complication of snake bite.', "So long as mitochondrial diseases compromise their lives and can be fatal, 'yoga helps a majority of cases of insomnia' is true.", 'It is fair to say that mitochondrial diseases compromise their lives and can be fatal.']
|
Once we know yoga helps a majority of cases of insomnia, we also know that if some pests collect plant juice, then some kinetic theories explain energy. Assuming neuromuscular paralysis is the most dreadful complication of snake bite, we know that some pests collect plant juice. It is true that neuromuscular paralysis is the most dreadful complication of snake bite. So long as mitochondrial diseases compromise their lives and can be fatal, 'yoga helps a majority of cases of insomnia' is true. It is fair to say that mitochondrial diseases compromise their lives and can be fatal.
|
It is true that some kinetic theories explain energy.
|
Kinetic theories come from observations.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If [1], then [0].).
[2] [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then [2].
[4]
Therefore, [2].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then [1].
[3]
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Some kinetic theories explain energy.', 1: 'Some pests collect plant juice.', 2: 'Yoga helps a majority of cases of insomnia.', 3: 'Neuromuscular paralysis is the most dreadful complication of snake bite.', 4: 'Mitochondrial diseases compromise their lives and can be fatal.'}
| 4 |
3,803 |
["So long as vertebrates possess limbs, 'either if many individuals are at a higher risk to develop Glaucoma, then essential oils have a chemical structure that is similar to that found in human cells and tissues or informatics is the study and use of computers and information in health care' is true.", 'Many people rightly believe that vertebrates possess limbs.', 'Assuming if many individuals are at a higher risk to develop Glaucoma, then essential oils have a chemical structure that is similar to that found in human cells and tissues, we know that either some blind individuals use guide dogs or some species specialize in eating the hard fruits and nuts of palm trees.', "So long as excess lime aggravates nutrient deficiencies, particularly iron chlorosis, 'the claim that either some blind individuals use guide dogs or some species specialize in eating the hard fruits and nuts of palm trees does not reflect reality' is true.", 'It is rational to agree that excess lime aggravates nutrient deficiencies, particularly iron chlorosis.']
|
So long as vertebrates possess limbs, 'either if many individuals are at a higher risk to develop Glaucoma, then essential oils have a chemical structure that is similar to that found in human cells and tissues or informatics is the study and use of computers and information in health care' is true. Many people rightly believe that vertebrates possess limbs. Assuming if many individuals are at a higher risk to develop Glaucoma, then essential oils have a chemical structure that is similar to that found in human cells and tissues, we know that either some blind individuals use guide dogs or some species specialize in eating the hard fruits and nuts of palm trees. So long as excess lime aggravates nutrient deficiencies, particularly iron chlorosis, 'the claim that either some blind individuals use guide dogs or some species specialize in eating the hard fruits and nuts of palm trees does not reflect reality' is true. It is rational to agree that excess lime aggravates nutrient deficiencies, particularly iron chlorosis.
|
The claim that informatics is the study and use of computers and information in health care holds true.
|
The claim that informatics is the study and use of computers and information in health care holds true.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [1], then [2].) or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not (If [1], then [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (Either (If [1], then [2].) or [0].).
[3]
Therefore, Either (If [1], then [2].) or [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (If [1], then [2].), then (Either [4] or [5].).
Not (Either [4] or [5].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, Not (If [1], then [2].)..
[SC2-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [6], then (Not (Either [4] or [5].).).
[6]
Therefore, Not (Either [4] or [5].)..
|
{0: 'Informatics is the study and use of computers and information in health care.', 1: 'Many individuals are at a higher risk to develop Glaucoma.', 2: 'Essential oils have a chemical structure that is similar to that found in human cells and tissues.', 3: 'Vertebrates possess limbs.', 4: 'Some blind individuals use guide dogs.', 5: 'Some species specialize in eating the hard fruits and nuts of palm trees.', 6: 'Excess lime aggravates nutrient deficiencies, particularly iron chlorosis.'}
| 4 |
3,344 |
['On the condition that it is a common misconception that either dogs also make mistakes, just like their masters or people learn to walk and talk like their parents and friends, it is definitely the case that organs wait for the arrival of hormones.', 'It is a common misconception that organs wait for the arrival of hormones.', 'At least one of two things is true: vegetables maintain their color and flavor, or if dogs also make mistakes, just like their masters, then blind people are capable of being active and athletic.', 'The statement that states vegetables maintain their color and flavor is false.', "Either one or both of these statements are true: technology dominates today's world, or if people learn to walk and talk like their parents and friends, then blind people are capable of being active and athletic.", "We know that the claim that technology dominates today's world is false."]
|
On the condition that it is a common misconception that either dogs also make mistakes, just like their masters or people learn to walk and talk like their parents and friends, it is definitely the case that organs wait for the arrival of hormones. It is a common misconception that organs wait for the arrival of hormones. At least one of two things is true: vegetables maintain their color and flavor, or if dogs also make mistakes, just like their masters, then blind people are capable of being active and athletic. The statement that states vegetables maintain their color and flavor is false. Either one or both of these statements are true: technology dominates today's world, or if people learn to walk and talk like their parents and friends, then blind people are capable of being active and athletic. We know that the claim that technology dominates today's world is false.
|
Many people rightly believe that blind people are capable of being active and athletic.
|
Blind people can learn and read and become incredible forces for change.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If [2], then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then [5].
Not [5].
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [4] or (If [1], then [0].).
Not [4].
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC3-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (If [2], then [0].).
Not [3].
Therefore, If [2], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Blind people are capable of being active and athletic.', 1: 'Dogs also make mistakes, just like their masters.', 2: 'People learn to walk and talk like their parents and friends.', 3: "Technology dominates today's world.", 4: 'Vegetables maintain their color and flavor.', 5: 'Organs wait for the arrival of hormones.'}
| 4 |
3,741 |
["The statement 'cluster headaches are more common in men' is true.", 'If the statement that states amine is paraffin is false, then enzymes drive metabolic processes and control the rate in which they occur.', "Assuming the statement that states amine is paraffin is false, we know that the statement 'enzymes drive metabolic processes and control the rate in which they occur' can be considered false.", 'There is good reason to believe that either sports injuries are on the increase as people become wealthier and have more free time or if cluster headaches are more common in men, then if amine is paraffin, then the claim that wheat grass is a dark green leafy vegetable, more nutritious per gram than spinach does not reflect reality.', 'The claim that sports injuries are on the increase as people become wealthier and have more free time does not correspond with reality.']
|
The statement 'cluster headaches are more common in men' is true. If the statement that states amine is paraffin is false, then enzymes drive metabolic processes and control the rate in which they occur. Assuming the statement that states amine is paraffin is false, we know that the statement 'enzymes drive metabolic processes and control the rate in which they occur' can be considered false. There is good reason to believe that either sports injuries are on the increase as people become wealthier and have more free time or if cluster headaches are more common in men, then if amine is paraffin, then the claim that wheat grass is a dark green leafy vegetable, more nutritious per gram than spinach does not reflect reality. The claim that sports injuries are on the increase as people become wealthier and have more free time does not correspond with reality.
|
The claim that wheat grass is a dark green leafy vegetable, more nutritious per gram than spinach does not reflect reality.
|
The claim that wheat grass is a dark green leafy vegetable, more nutritious per gram than spinach does not reflect reality.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].). [SC1-1]
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If [1], then (Not [0].).). [SC1-2]
[2]
Therefore, If [1], then (Not [0].)..
[SC1-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [4] or (If [2], then (If [1], then (Not [0].).).).
Not [4].
Therefore, If [2], then (If [1], then (Not [0].).)..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [1].), then [3].
If (Not [1].), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Wheat grass is a dark green leafy vegetable, more nutritious per gram than spinach.', 1: 'Amine is paraffin.', 2: 'Cluster headaches are more common in men.', 3: 'Enzymes drive metabolic processes and control the rate in which they occur.', 4: 'Sports injuries are on the increase as people become wealthier and have more free time.'}
| 4 |
3,453 |
['It is rational to believe that either hair combs appear among early grave goods, even from pre-dynastic days or polychaetes have tentacles.', 'When neoliberalism means freedom for capitalists to be capitalists is true, it follows that either dictators are fond of using nationalism to suppress peasants or most salamanders reach maturity.', 'Assuming it is a common misconception that if polychaetes have tentacles, then either dictators are fond of using nationalism to suppress peasants or most salamanders reach maturity, we know that charitable deductions reduce the price of giving and in turn induce taxpayers to give more.', 'It is not the case that charitable deductions reduce the price of giving and in turn induce taxpayers to give more.', "So long as the claim that if hair combs appear among early grave goods, even from pre-dynastic days, then neoliberalism means freedom for capitalists to be capitalists does not reflect reality, 'either elvers move upstream and find a suitable place to live, where they grow into adults or caves are only stable within the limestone layer that they exist' is true.", 'Assuming the claim that if hair combs appear among early grave goods, even from pre-dynastic days, then neoliberalism means freedom for capitalists to be capitalists does not reflect reality, we know that some people mistakenly believe that either elvers move upstream and find a suitable place to live, where they grow into adults or caves are only stable within the limestone layer that they exist.']
|
It is rational to believe that either hair combs appear among early grave goods, even from pre-dynastic days or polychaetes have tentacles. When neoliberalism means freedom for capitalists to be capitalists is true, it follows that either dictators are fond of using nationalism to suppress peasants or most salamanders reach maturity. Assuming it is a common misconception that if polychaetes have tentacles, then either dictators are fond of using nationalism to suppress peasants or most salamanders reach maturity, we know that charitable deductions reduce the price of giving and in turn induce taxpayers to give more. It is not the case that charitable deductions reduce the price of giving and in turn induce taxpayers to give more. So long as the claim that if hair combs appear among early grave goods, even from pre-dynastic days, then neoliberalism means freedom for capitalists to be capitalists does not reflect reality, 'either elvers move upstream and find a suitable place to live, where they grow into adults or caves are only stable within the limestone layer that they exist' is true. Assuming the claim that if hair combs appear among early grave goods, even from pre-dynastic days, then neoliberalism means freedom for capitalists to be capitalists does not reflect reality, we know that some people mistakenly believe that either elvers move upstream and find a suitable place to live, where they grow into adults or caves are only stable within the limestone layer that they exist.
|
At least one of two things is true: dictators are fond of using nationalism to suppress peasants, or most salamanders reach maturity.
|
It is a common misconception that either dictators are fond of using nationalism to suppress peasants or most salamanders reach maturity.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].). [SC2-1]
If [3], then (Either [0] or [1].). [SC3-1]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC2-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [2], then [5]. [SC1-2]
If [5], then (Either [0] or [1].).
Therefore, If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].)..
[SC1-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [2], then [5].).), then (Either [6] or [7].).
If (Not (If [2], then [5].).), then (Not (Either [6] or [7].).).
Therefore, If [2], then [5]..
[SC3-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [3], then (Either [0] or [1].).).), then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, If [3], then (Either [0] or [1].)..
|
{0: 'Dictators are fond of using nationalism to suppress peasants.', 1: 'Most salamanders reach maturity.', 2: 'Hair combs appear among early grave goods, even from pre-dynastic days.', 3: 'Polychaetes have tentacles.', 4: 'Charitable deductions reduce the price of giving and in turn induce taxpayers to give more.', 5: 'Neoliberalism means freedom for capitalists to be capitalists.', 6: 'Elvers move upstream and find a suitable place to live, where they grow into adults.', 7: 'Caves are only stable within the limestone layer that they exist.'}
| 4 |
3,646 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: some trilobites live during periods, or it is not the case that exoskeletons are skeletons.', 'It is the case that elephant seals communicate though various means.', 'Should it be the case that it is a common misconception that if elephant seals communicate though various means, then it is not true that some trilobites live during periods, it follows that skin color can change by expansion or contraction.', 'One may reasonably assume that if skin color can change by expansion or contraction, then adrenocortical cells lack estradiol reactivity.', 'It is not the case that adrenocortical cells lack estradiol reactivity.']
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: some trilobites live during periods, or it is not the case that exoskeletons are skeletons. It is the case that elephant seals communicate though various means. Should it be the case that it is a common misconception that if elephant seals communicate though various means, then it is not true that some trilobites live during periods, it follows that skin color can change by expansion or contraction. One may reasonably assume that if skin color can change by expansion or contraction, then adrenocortical cells lack estradiol reactivity. It is not the case that adrenocortical cells lack estradiol reactivity.
|
It is not the case that exoskeletons are skeletons.
|
It is not the case that exoskeletons are skeletons.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].).
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Not [1].). [SC1-2]
[2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
[SC1-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [2], then (Not [1].).).), then [3].
Not [3]. [SC2-3]
Therefore, If [2], then (Not [1].)..
[SC2-3]
Modus Tonens:
If [3], then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, Not [3]..
|
{0: 'Exoskeletons are skeletons.', 1: 'Some trilobites live during periods.', 2: 'Elephant seals communicate though various means.', 3: 'Skin color can change by expansion or contraction.', 4: 'Adrenocortical cells lack estradiol reactivity.'}
| 4 |
3,830 |
['It is reasonable to believe that style refers to the investment style or philosophy to which a company is most likely to appeal.', "Whenever it is true that the claim that if the notion that 'if style refers to the investment style or philosophy to which a company is most likely to appeal, then some huntsman spiders live for years' is untrue, then beaks also play an important role in defining a bird does not correspond with reality, 'ground is the reference voltage from which all other voltages in a circuit can be measured' is true.", "Should it be the case that the claim that if the notion that 'if style refers to the investment style or philosophy to which a company is most likely to appeal, then some huntsman spiders live for years' is untrue, then beaks also play an important role in defining a bird does not correspond with reality, it follows that it is not true that ground is the reference voltage from which all other voltages in a circuit can be measured.", "So long as beaks also play an important role in defining a bird, 'either ground water is used by local industries or incense is a hardened gum that also comes from trees found in the same areas' is true.", 'The claim that either ground water is used by local industries or incense is a hardened gum that also comes from trees found in the same areas has no merit.']
|
It is reasonable to believe that style refers to the investment style or philosophy to which a company is most likely to appeal. Whenever it is true that the claim that if the notion that 'if style refers to the investment style or philosophy to which a company is most likely to appeal, then some huntsman spiders live for years' is untrue, then beaks also play an important role in defining a bird does not correspond with reality, 'ground is the reference voltage from which all other voltages in a circuit can be measured' is true. Should it be the case that the claim that if the notion that 'if style refers to the investment style or philosophy to which a company is most likely to appeal, then some huntsman spiders live for years' is untrue, then beaks also play an important role in defining a bird does not correspond with reality, it follows that it is not true that ground is the reference voltage from which all other voltages in a circuit can be measured. So long as beaks also play an important role in defining a bird, 'either ground water is used by local industries or incense is a hardened gum that also comes from trees found in the same areas' is true. The claim that either ground water is used by local industries or incense is a hardened gum that also comes from trees found in the same areas has no merit.
|
It is rational to agree that some huntsman spiders live for years.
|
Those that suggest some huntsman spiders live for years are wrong.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then [2]. [SC1-2]
Not [2]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC1-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then [2].).), then [3].
If (Not (If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then [2].).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then [2]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If [2], then (Either [4] or [5].).
Not (Either [4] or [5].).
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Some huntsman spiders live for years.', 1: 'Style refers to the investment style or philosophy to which a company is most likely to appeal.', 2: 'Beaks also play an important role in defining a bird.', 3: 'Ground is the reference voltage from which all other voltages in a circuit can be measured.', 4: 'Ground water is used by local industries.', 5: 'Incense is a hardened gum that also comes from trees found in the same areas.'}
| 4 |
3,155 |
["So long as most proteins require for survival, 'either helps build and maintain healthy bones, muscles and joints or most vital organs perform functions' is true.", "So long as ash is located in carpets, 'either helps build and maintain healthy bones, muscles and joints or most vital organs perform functions' is true.", 'It is a fact that either most brains produce hormones or cookies are small text files a Web site can use to recognize a repeat visitor to the Web site.', "So long as the claim that if most brains produce hormones, then most proteins require for survival does not reflect reality, 'if restaurants have low light, then expenditure is classified by function and by economic classification' is true.", 'On the condition that the claim that if most brains produce hormones, then most proteins require for survival does not reflect reality, it is definitely the case that the statement that states if restaurants have low light, then expenditure is classified by function and by economic classification is false.', 'Provided that it is not true that if cookies are small text files a Web site can use to recognize a repeat visitor to the Web site, then ash is located in carpets, we know that salmonellas cause acute illnesses.', 'Given that it is not true that if cookies are small text files a Web site can use to recognize a repeat visitor to the Web site, then ash is located in carpets, it can be inferred that the statement that states salmonellas cause acute illnesses is false.']
|
So long as most proteins require for survival, 'either helps build and maintain healthy bones, muscles and joints or most vital organs perform functions' is true. So long as ash is located in carpets, 'either helps build and maintain healthy bones, muscles and joints or most vital organs perform functions' is true. It is a fact that either most brains produce hormones or cookies are small text files a Web site can use to recognize a repeat visitor to the Web site. So long as the claim that if most brains produce hormones, then most proteins require for survival does not reflect reality, 'if restaurants have low light, then expenditure is classified by function and by economic classification' is true. On the condition that the claim that if most brains produce hormones, then most proteins require for survival does not reflect reality, it is definitely the case that the statement that states if restaurants have low light, then expenditure is classified by function and by economic classification is false. Provided that it is not true that if cookies are small text files a Web site can use to recognize a repeat visitor to the Web site, then ash is located in carpets, we know that salmonellas cause acute illnesses. Given that it is not true that if cookies are small text files a Web site can use to recognize a repeat visitor to the Web site, then ash is located in carpets, it can be inferred that the statement that states salmonellas cause acute illnesses is false.
|
At least one of two things is true: helps build and maintain healthy bones, muscles and joints, or most vital organs perform functions.
|
It is a fact that either helps supply oxygen to the brain or vital organs perform functions.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3]. [SC1-1]
If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).
If [3], then (Either [0] or [1].).
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [4] or [5].
If [4], then [2]. [SC2-2]
If [5], then [3]. [SC3-2]
Therefore, Either [2] or [3]..
[SC2-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [4], then [2].).), then (If [7], then [8].).
If (Not (If [4], then [2].).), then (Not (If [7], then [8].).).
Therefore, If [4], then [2]..
[SC3-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [5], then [3].).), then [6].
If (Not (If [5], then [3].).), then (Not [6].).
Therefore, If [5], then [3]..
|
{0: 'Helps build and maintain healthy bones, muscles and joints.', 1: 'Most vital organs perform functions.', 2: 'Most proteins require for survival.', 3: 'Ash is located in carpets.', 4: 'Most brains produce hormones.', 5: 'Cookies are small text files a Web site can use to recognize a repeat visitor to the Web site.', 6: 'Salmonellas cause acute illnesses.', 7: 'Restaurants have low light.', 8: 'Expenditure is classified by function and by economic classification.'}
| 4 |
3,487 |
['If visible light comes from gases heated to only a few thousand degrees like the surface of a star, then bacterial arthritis is the invasion of joint areas by bacteria, causing swelling and inflammation.', 'On the condition that the claim that active people tend to keep calcium in their bones, while sedentary people lose calcium does not correspond with reality, it is definitely the case that antiprotons have a negative electrical charge, or at least they appear to.', 'Provided that the claim that active people tend to keep calcium in their bones, while sedentary people lose calcium does not correspond with reality, we know that some people mistakenly believe that antiprotons have a negative electrical charge, or at least they appear to.', "So long as the statement that states if active people tend to keep calcium in their bones, while sedentary people lose calcium, then visible light comes from gases heated to only a few thousand degrees like the surface of a star is false, 'public procurement can also play an important role in strengthening demand for recycled products' is true.", "Whenever it is true that the statement that states if active people tend to keep calcium in their bones, while sedentary people lose calcium, then visible light comes from gases heated to only a few thousand degrees like the surface of a star is false, 'the statement that states public procurement can also play an important role in strengthening demand for recycled products is false' is true."]
|
If visible light comes from gases heated to only a few thousand degrees like the surface of a star, then bacterial arthritis is the invasion of joint areas by bacteria, causing swelling and inflammation. On the condition that the claim that active people tend to keep calcium in their bones, while sedentary people lose calcium does not correspond with reality, it is definitely the case that antiprotons have a negative electrical charge, or at least they appear to. Provided that the claim that active people tend to keep calcium in their bones, while sedentary people lose calcium does not correspond with reality, we know that some people mistakenly believe that antiprotons have a negative electrical charge, or at least they appear to. So long as the statement that states if active people tend to keep calcium in their bones, while sedentary people lose calcium, then visible light comes from gases heated to only a few thousand degrees like the surface of a star is false, 'public procurement can also play an important role in strengthening demand for recycled products' is true. Whenever it is true that the statement that states if active people tend to keep calcium in their bones, while sedentary people lose calcium, then visible light comes from gases heated to only a few thousand degrees like the surface of a star is false, 'the statement that states public procurement can also play an important role in strengthening demand for recycled products is false' is true.
|
It is true that bacterial arthritis is the invasion of joint areas by bacteria, causing swelling and inflammation.
|
It is true that bacterial arthritis is the invasion of joint areas by bacteria, causing swelling and inflammation.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [1], then [3]. [SC1-2]
If [3], then [0].
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC1-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [1], then [3].).), then [4].
If (Not (If [1], then [3].).), then (Not [4].).
Therefore, If [1], then [3]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [1].), then [2].
If (Not [1].), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Bacterial arthritis is the invasion of joint areas by bacteria, causing swelling and inflammation.', 1: 'Active people tend to keep calcium in their bones, while sedentary people lose calcium.', 2: 'Antiprotons have a negative electrical charge, or at least they appear to.', 3: 'Visible light comes from gases heated to only a few thousand degrees like the surface of a star.', 4: 'Public procurement can also play an important role in strengthening demand for recycled products.'}
| 4 |
3,597 |
['Given that either most animals consume food or chinese medicine uses acupuncture to adjust the flow of energy in the body, it can be inferred that either heat is a combination of temperature and the number of particles or some people are allergic to latex .', 'When aerosols are gases is true, it follows that either heat is a combination of temperature and the number of particles or some people are allergic to latex .', 'It is a fact that either people paying for goods and services generate income or the claim that heat is a combination of temperature and the number of particles does not reflect reality.', 'The statement that states people paying for goods and services generate income is false.', 'When many farmers use crop rotations to help in weed control, which decrease pesticide use is true, it follows that either either most animals consume food or chinese medicine uses acupuncture to adjust the flow of energy in the body or aerosols are gases.', 'many farmers use crop rotations to help in weed control, which decrease pesticide use.']
|
Given that either most animals consume food or chinese medicine uses acupuncture to adjust the flow of energy in the body, it can be inferred that either heat is a combination of temperature and the number of particles or some people are allergic to latex . When aerosols are gases is true, it follows that either heat is a combination of temperature and the number of particles or some people are allergic to latex . It is a fact that either people paying for goods and services generate income or the claim that heat is a combination of temperature and the number of particles does not reflect reality. The statement that states people paying for goods and services generate income is false. When many farmers use crop rotations to help in weed control, which decrease pesticide use is true, it follows that either either most animals consume food or chinese medicine uses acupuncture to adjust the flow of energy in the body or aerosols are gases. many farmers use crop rotations to help in weed control, which decrease pesticide use.
|
Many people rightly believe that some people are allergic to latex .
|
Many people rightly believe that some people are allergic to latex .
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [2] or [3].) or [4]. [SC1-2]
If (Either [2] or [3].), then (Either [1] or [0].).
If [4], then (Either [1] or [0].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
[SC1-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [6], then (Either (Either [2] or [3].) or [4].).
[6]
Therefore, Either (Either [2] or [3].) or [4]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [5] or (Not [1].).
Not [5].
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Some people are allergic to latex .', 1: 'Heat is a combination of temperature and the number of particles.', 2: 'Most animals consume food.', 3: 'Chinese medicine uses acupuncture to adjust the flow of energy in the body.', 4: 'Aerosols are gases.', 5: 'People paying for goods and services generate income.', 6: 'Many farmers use crop rotations to help in weed control, which decrease pesticide use.'}
| 4 |
3,988 |
["One may reasonably assume that if the statement 'bacteria are responsible for illnesses ranging from cholera to meningitis' can be considered false, then the statement that 'either some desiccants change color to indicate moisture content or violent criminals are less concerned with taking human life than in even the recent past' is incorrect.", "Assuming the claim that if the statement 'bacteria are responsible for illnesses ranging from cholera to meningitis' can be considered false, then clothes washers have a significant impact on sewer costs has no merit, we know that either adult love is based on mutual respect or satellites use cameras to produce a visible image.", "When the claim that if the statement 'bacteria are responsible for illnesses ranging from cholera to meningitis' can be considered false, then clothes washers have a significant impact on sewer costs has no merit is true, it follows that the claim that either adult love is based on mutual respect or satellites use cameras to produce a visible image is false.", 'If clothes washers have a significant impact on sewer costs, then female peregrines are larger than males.', "Whenever it is true that female peregrines are larger than males, 'either some desiccants change color to indicate moisture content or violent criminals are less concerned with taking human life than in even the recent past' is true."]
|
One may reasonably assume that if the statement 'bacteria are responsible for illnesses ranging from cholera to meningitis' can be considered false, then the statement that 'either some desiccants change color to indicate moisture content or violent criminals are less concerned with taking human life than in even the recent past' is incorrect. Assuming the claim that if the statement 'bacteria are responsible for illnesses ranging from cholera to meningitis' can be considered false, then clothes washers have a significant impact on sewer costs has no merit, we know that either adult love is based on mutual respect or satellites use cameras to produce a visible image. When the claim that if the statement 'bacteria are responsible for illnesses ranging from cholera to meningitis' can be considered false, then clothes washers have a significant impact on sewer costs has no merit is true, it follows that the claim that either adult love is based on mutual respect or satellites use cameras to produce a visible image is false. If clothes washers have a significant impact on sewer costs, then female peregrines are larger than males. Whenever it is true that female peregrines are larger than males, 'either some desiccants change color to indicate moisture content or violent criminals are less concerned with taking human life than in even the recent past' is true.
|
The claim that bacteria are responsible for illnesses ranging from cholera to meningitis holds true.
|
Bacteria are everywhere and food contamination can occur at almost any time.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].). [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [0].), then [3]. [SC1-2]
If [3], then (Either [1] or [2].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].)..
[SC1-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [3].).), then (Either [4] or [5].).
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [3].).), then (Not (Either [4] or [5].).).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [3]..
[SC2-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [3], then [6].
If [6], then (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, If [3], then (Either [1] or [2].)..
|
{0: 'Bacteria are responsible for illnesses ranging from cholera to meningitis.', 1: 'Some desiccants change color to indicate moisture content.', 2: 'Violent criminals are less concerned with taking human life than in even the recent past.', 3: 'Clothes washers have a significant impact on sewer costs.', 4: 'Adult love is based on mutual respect.', 5: 'Satellites use cameras to produce a visible image.', 6: 'Female peregrines are larger than males.'}
| 4 |
3,125 |
['Some people mistakenly believe that either weasels are animals or illumination is provided by heating due to collisions between particles.', 'The statement that states either bats are peaceful animals who want to be left alone to eat insects or many young women feel physically attracted to men is false.', "Assuming the statement that 'if most hagfishes have metabolism, then either weasels are animals or illumination is provided by heating due to collisions between particles' is incorrect, we know that internet is the very thing that enormously stimulates development of every human knowledge area.", "Given that the statement 'if internet is the very thing that enormously stimulates development of every human knowledge area, then either bats are peaceful animals who want to be left alone to eat insects or many young women feel physically attracted to men' can be considered false, it can be inferred that banana stems, e.g., are actually the bases of leaves rolled together.", 'The statement, banana stems, e.g., are actually the bases of leaves rolled together, does not hold.']
|
Some people mistakenly believe that either weasels are animals or illumination is provided by heating due to collisions between particles. The statement that states either bats are peaceful animals who want to be left alone to eat insects or many young women feel physically attracted to men is false. Assuming the statement that 'if most hagfishes have metabolism, then either weasels are animals or illumination is provided by heating due to collisions between particles' is incorrect, we know that internet is the very thing that enormously stimulates development of every human knowledge area. Given that the statement 'if internet is the very thing that enormously stimulates development of every human knowledge area, then either bats are peaceful animals who want to be left alone to eat insects or many young women feel physically attracted to men' can be considered false, it can be inferred that banana stems, e.g., are actually the bases of leaves rolled together. The statement, banana stems, e.g., are actually the bases of leaves rolled together, does not hold.
|
It is not true that most hagfishes have metabolism.
|
Most hagfishes have metabolism.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then (Either [1] or [2].). [SC1-1]
Not (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [0], then (Either [1] or [2].).).), then (Either [3] or [4].). [SC1-2]
Not (Either [3] or [4].).
Therefore, If [0], then (Either [1] or [2].)..
[SC1-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not (If [0], then (Either [1] or [2].).).), then [5].
If [5], then (Either [3] or [4].). [SC2-3]
Therefore, If (Not (If [0], then (Either [1] or [2].).).), then (Either [3] or [4].)..
[SC2-3]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [5], then (Either [3] or [4].).).), then [6].
Not [6].
Therefore, If [5], then (Either [3] or [4].)..
|
{0: 'Most hagfishes have metabolism.', 1: 'Weasels are animals.', 2: 'Illumination is provided by heating due to collisions between particles.', 3: 'Bats are peaceful animals who want to be left alone to eat insects.', 4: 'Many young women feel physically attracted to men.', 5: 'Internet is the very thing that enormously stimulates development of every human knowledge area.', 6: 'Banana stems, e.g., are actually the bases of leaves rolled together.'}
| 4 |
3,066 |
['Should it be the case that some amphibians protect environments, it follows that it is not true that some species are famous for the fact that the female tends to eat the male following copulation.', "Whenever it is true that the statement, either some amphibians protect environments or if ketamines are club drugs, then books catch attention, does not hold, 'medical drugs are developed and tested before being used to relieve illness or disease' is true.", 'The statement, medical drugs are developed and tested before being used to relieve illness or disease, does not hold.', 'When if a camera is photographic equipment, then good hearing is extremely important for the development of speech and language skills is true, it follows that if if ketamines are club drugs, then books catch attention, then it is not true that some species are famous for the fact that the female tends to eat the male following copulation.', 'On the condition that isolation is also an advantage for many children, it is definitely the case that if if ketamines are club drugs, then books catch attention, then it is not true that some species are famous for the fact that the female tends to eat the male following copulation.', 'Assuming if christian commandments are commands of love, then rabbits produce enough ammonia to cause the air to become toxic in a very short time, we know that either if a camera is photographic equipment, then good hearing is extremely important for the development of speech and language skills or isolation is also an advantage for many children.', 'Assuming christian commandments are commands of love, we know that rabbits produce enough ammonia to cause the air to become toxic in a very short time.']
|
Should it be the case that some amphibians protect environments, it follows that it is not true that some species are famous for the fact that the female tends to eat the male following copulation. Whenever it is true that the statement, either some amphibians protect environments or if ketamines are club drugs, then books catch attention, does not hold, 'medical drugs are developed and tested before being used to relieve illness or disease' is true. The statement, medical drugs are developed and tested before being used to relieve illness or disease, does not hold. When if a camera is photographic equipment, then good hearing is extremely important for the development of speech and language skills is true, it follows that if if ketamines are club drugs, then books catch attention, then it is not true that some species are famous for the fact that the female tends to eat the male following copulation. On the condition that isolation is also an advantage for many children, it is definitely the case that if if ketamines are club drugs, then books catch attention, then it is not true that some species are famous for the fact that the female tends to eat the male following copulation. Assuming if christian commandments are commands of love, then rabbits produce enough ammonia to cause the air to become toxic in a very short time, we know that either if a camera is photographic equipment, then good hearing is extremely important for the development of speech and language skills or isolation is also an advantage for many children. Assuming christian commandments are commands of love, we know that rabbits produce enough ammonia to cause the air to become toxic in a very short time.
|
It is not true that some species are famous for the fact that the female tends to eat the male following copulation.
|
The claim that some species bear an array of tentacles in front of the head has no merit.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or (If [2], then [3].). [SC1-1]
If [1], then (Not [0].).
If (If [2], then [3].), then (Not [0].). [SC3-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [1] or (If [2], then [3].).).), then [7].
Not [7].
Therefore, Either [1] or (If [2], then [3].)..
[SC3-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [4], then [5].) or [6]. [SC1-2]
If (If [4], then [5].), then (If (If [2], then [3].), then (Not [0].).).
If [6], then (If (If [2], then [3].), then (Not [0].).).
Therefore, If (If [2], then [3].), then (Not [0].)..
[SC1-2]
Modus Ponens:
If (If [8], then [9].), then (Either (If [4], then [5].) or [6].).
If [8], then [9].
Therefore, Either (If [4], then [5].) or [6]..
|
{0: 'Some species are famous for the fact that the female tends to eat the male following copulation.', 1: 'Some amphibians protect environments.', 2: 'Ketamines are club drugs.', 3: 'Books catch attention.', 4: 'A camera is photographic equipment.', 5: 'Good hearing is extremely important for the development of speech and language skills.', 6: 'Isolation is also an advantage for many children.', 7: 'Medical drugs are developed and tested before being used to relieve illness or disease.', 8: 'Christian commandments are commands of love.', 9: 'Rabbits produce enough ammonia to cause the air to become toxic in a very short time.'}
| 4 |
3,908 |
['If natural material reflects the environment, then hostile atmospheres contain clouds.', 'Assuming the claim that if we know that the claim that if natural material reflects the environment, then those that suggest hostile atmospheres contain clouds are wrong is false, then religion is a common basis for death penalty opposition is false, we know that if grasses also are among the oldest of cultivated crops, then schools appear to be playing an important role in equalizing access to computers for kids.', "Should it be the case that the claim that if we know that the claim that if natural material reflects the environment, then those that suggest hostile atmospheres contain clouds are wrong is false, then religion is a common basis for death penalty opposition is false, it follows that the statement 'if grasses also are among the oldest of cultivated crops, then schools appear to be playing an important role in equalizing access to computers for kids' can be considered false.", 'We know that either european countries have professional licensing standards and require a prescription for oral doses or rabbits prefer dry, warm areas.', 'Should it be the case that european countries have professional licensing standards and require a prescription for oral doses, it follows that if we know that the claim that if natural material reflects the environment, then those that suggest hostile atmospheres contain clouds are wrong is false, then some people mistakenly believe that religion is a common basis for death penalty opposition.', 'Assuming rabbits prefer dry, warm areas, we know that if we know that the claim that if natural material reflects the environment, then those that suggest hostile atmospheres contain clouds are wrong is false, then some people mistakenly believe that religion is a common basis for death penalty opposition.']
|
If natural material reflects the environment, then hostile atmospheres contain clouds. Assuming the claim that if we know that the claim that if natural material reflects the environment, then those that suggest hostile atmospheres contain clouds are wrong is false, then religion is a common basis for death penalty opposition is false, we know that if grasses also are among the oldest of cultivated crops, then schools appear to be playing an important role in equalizing access to computers for kids. Should it be the case that the claim that if we know that the claim that if natural material reflects the environment, then those that suggest hostile atmospheres contain clouds are wrong is false, then religion is a common basis for death penalty opposition is false, it follows that the statement 'if grasses also are among the oldest of cultivated crops, then schools appear to be playing an important role in equalizing access to computers for kids' can be considered false. We know that either european countries have professional licensing standards and require a prescription for oral doses or rabbits prefer dry, warm areas. Should it be the case that european countries have professional licensing standards and require a prescription for oral doses, it follows that if we know that the claim that if natural material reflects the environment, then those that suggest hostile atmospheres contain clouds are wrong is false, then some people mistakenly believe that religion is a common basis for death penalty opposition. Assuming rabbits prefer dry, warm areas, we know that if we know that the claim that if natural material reflects the environment, then those that suggest hostile atmospheres contain clouds are wrong is false, then some people mistakenly believe that religion is a common basis for death penalty opposition.
|
It is a common misconception that natural material reflects the environment.
|
The statement that states natural material reflects the environment is right.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1].
If [0], then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [0], then (Not [1].).).), then [2]. [SC1-2]
If (Not (If [0], then (Not [1].).).), then (Not [2].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [0], then (Not [1].)..
[SC1-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not (If [0], then (Not [1].).).), then [2].).), then (If [5], then [6].).
If (Not (If (Not (If [0], then (Not [1].).).), then [2].).), then (Not (If [5], then [6].).).
Therefore, If (Not (If [0], then (Not [1].).).), then [2]..
[SC2-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (If (Not (If [0], then (Not [1].).).), then (Not [2].).).
If [4], then (If (Not (If [0], then (Not [1].).).), then (Not [2].).).
Therefore, If (Not (If [0], then (Not [1].).).), then (Not [2].)..
|
{0: 'Natural material reflects the environment.', 1: 'Hostile atmospheres contain clouds.', 2: 'Religion is a common basis for death penalty opposition.', 3: 'European countries have professional licensing standards and require a prescription for oral doses.', 4: 'Rabbits prefer dry, warm areas.', 5: 'Grasses also are among the oldest of cultivated crops.', 6: 'Schools appear to be playing an important role in equalizing access to computers for kids.'}
| 4 |
3,511 |
["When it is not the case that freedom is the fundamental requirement of man's mind is true, it follows that the claim that sows give birth to a litter of cubs does not reflect reality.", 'Either one or both of these statements are true: bedrock is a mix of sedimentary rock, sandstone, and shale rich in copper, or if most photosynthetic organisms live in aquatic environments, then representatives are people.', "One may reasonably assume that if bedrock is a mix of sedimentary rock, sandstone, and shale rich in copper, then if the claim that if it is not the case that freedom is the fundamental requirement of man's mind, then sows give birth to a litter of cubs has no merit, then nihilism is associated with postmodernism.", "Should it be the case that if most photosynthetic organisms live in aquatic environments, then representatives are people, it follows that if the claim that if it is not the case that freedom is the fundamental requirement of man's mind, then sows give birth to a litter of cubs has no merit, then nihilism is associated with postmodernism.", 'Either one or both of these statements are true: sumatran coffees are from Indonesia, or most earthworms prefer different environments.', "Assuming sumatran coffees are from Indonesia, we know that if the claim that if it is not the case that freedom is the fundamental requirement of man's mind, then sows give birth to a litter of cubs has no merit, then it is not true that nihilism is associated with postmodernism.", "Given that most earthworms prefer different environments, it can be inferred that if the claim that if it is not the case that freedom is the fundamental requirement of man's mind, then sows give birth to a litter of cubs has no merit, then it is not true that nihilism is associated with postmodernism."]
|
When it is not the case that freedom is the fundamental requirement of man's mind is true, it follows that the claim that sows give birth to a litter of cubs does not reflect reality. Either one or both of these statements are true: bedrock is a mix of sedimentary rock, sandstone, and shale rich in copper, or if most photosynthetic organisms live in aquatic environments, then representatives are people. One may reasonably assume that if bedrock is a mix of sedimentary rock, sandstone, and shale rich in copper, then if the claim that if it is not the case that freedom is the fundamental requirement of man's mind, then sows give birth to a litter of cubs has no merit, then nihilism is associated with postmodernism. Should it be the case that if most photosynthetic organisms live in aquatic environments, then representatives are people, it follows that if the claim that if it is not the case that freedom is the fundamental requirement of man's mind, then sows give birth to a litter of cubs has no merit, then nihilism is associated with postmodernism. Either one or both of these statements are true: sumatran coffees are from Indonesia, or most earthworms prefer different environments. Assuming sumatran coffees are from Indonesia, we know that if the claim that if it is not the case that freedom is the fundamental requirement of man's mind, then sows give birth to a litter of cubs has no merit, then it is not true that nihilism is associated with postmodernism. Given that most earthworms prefer different environments, it can be inferred that if the claim that if it is not the case that freedom is the fundamental requirement of man's mind, then sows give birth to a litter of cubs has no merit, then it is not true that nihilism is associated with postmodernism.
|
It is rational to agree that freedom is the fundamental requirement of man's mind.
|
It is rational to agree that freedom is the fundamental requirement of man's mind.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [2]. [SC1-2]
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (Not [2].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC1-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or (If [4], then [5].).
If [3], then (If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [2].).
If (If [4], then [5].), then (If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [2].).
Therefore, If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [2]..
[SC2-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [6] or [7].
If [6], then (If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (Not [2].).).
If [7], then (If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (Not [2].).).
Therefore, If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (Not [2].)..
|
{0: "Freedom is the fundamental requirement of man's mind.", 1: 'Sows give birth to a litter of cubs.', 2: 'Nihilism is associated with postmodernism.', 3: 'Bedrock is a mix of sedimentary rock, sandstone, and shale rich in copper.', 4: 'Most photosynthetic organisms live in aquatic environments.', 5: 'Representatives are people.', 6: 'Sumatran coffees are from Indonesia.', 7: 'Most earthworms prefer different environments.'}
| 4 |
3,224 |
['On the condition that drug names are registered trademarks of the respective manufacturers, it is definitely the case that bullocks have (part) ears.', 'It is a fact that either metabolic waste includes water or raptors build nests on ledges.', 'Should it be the case that metabolic waste includes water, it follows that if melon fly damage occurs when adult female flies lay their eggs into fruit and sometimes into stems, then drug names are registered trademarks of the respective manufacturers.', 'Provided that raptors build nests on ledges, we know that if melon fly damage occurs when adult female flies lay their eggs into fruit and sometimes into stems, then drug names are registered trademarks of the respective manufacturers.', 'Assuming basic science provides the foundation for discovery of most new drug compounds, we know that melon fly damage occurs when adult female flies lay their eggs into fruit and sometimes into stems.', 'Those that suggest basic science provides the foundation for discovery of most new drug compounds are right.']
|
On the condition that drug names are registered trademarks of the respective manufacturers, it is definitely the case that bullocks have (part) ears. It is a fact that either metabolic waste includes water or raptors build nests on ledges. Should it be the case that metabolic waste includes water, it follows that if melon fly damage occurs when adult female flies lay their eggs into fruit and sometimes into stems, then drug names are registered trademarks of the respective manufacturers. Provided that raptors build nests on ledges, we know that if melon fly damage occurs when adult female flies lay their eggs into fruit and sometimes into stems, then drug names are registered trademarks of the respective manufacturers. Assuming basic science provides the foundation for discovery of most new drug compounds, we know that melon fly damage occurs when adult female flies lay their eggs into fruit and sometimes into stems. Those that suggest basic science provides the foundation for discovery of most new drug compounds are right.
|
The claim that bullocks have (part) ears is true.
|
Bullock isa animal.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then [1]. [SC1-2]
[2] [SC2-2]
Therefore, [1].
[SC1-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [4] or [5].
If [4], then (If [2], then [1].).
If [5], then (If [2], then [1].).
Therefore, If [2], then [1]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then [2].
[3]
Therefore, [2].
|
{0: 'Bullocks have (part) ears.', 1: 'Drug names are registered trademarks of the respective manufacturers.', 2: 'Melon fly damage occurs when adult female flies lay their eggs into fruit and sometimes into stems.', 3: 'Basic science provides the foundation for discovery of most new drug compounds.', 4: 'Metabolic waste includes water.', 5: 'Raptors build nests on ledges.'}
| 4 |
3,268 |
["The statement that 'some carbon dioxide exists as liquids' is incorrect.", 'If cigarette smoking is more common than alcohol and drug use, then either some carbon dioxide exists as liquids or if humans often allow themselves to be deceived as a way of avoiding threats, then a foursquare is a regular polygon.', 'Given that it is a common misconception that either cigarette smoking is more common than alcohol and drug use or reliability is more of a measure of consistency, it can be inferred that welsh names beginning with P or B or ending in s, kin, kins are patronymns.', 'If it is a common misconception that either cigarette smoking is more common than alcohol and drug use or reliability is more of a measure of consistency, then some people mistakenly believe that welsh names beginning with P or B or ending in s, kin, kins are patronymns.', "Should it be the case that the statement 'if reliability is more of a measure of consistency, then either some carbon dioxide exists as liquids or if humans often allow themselves to be deceived as a way of avoiding threats, then a foursquare is a regular polygon' can be considered false, it follows that barred owls get their name from the dark bars and streaks that decorate their bellies.", "So long as the statement 'if reliability is more of a measure of consistency, then either some carbon dioxide exists as liquids or if humans often allow themselves to be deceived as a way of avoiding threats, then a foursquare is a regular polygon' can be considered false, 'some people mistakenly believe that barred owls get their name from the dark bars and streaks that decorate their bellies' is true."]
|
The statement that 'some carbon dioxide exists as liquids' is incorrect. If cigarette smoking is more common than alcohol and drug use, then either some carbon dioxide exists as liquids or if humans often allow themselves to be deceived as a way of avoiding threats, then a foursquare is a regular polygon. Given that it is a common misconception that either cigarette smoking is more common than alcohol and drug use or reliability is more of a measure of consistency, it can be inferred that welsh names beginning with P or B or ending in s, kin, kins are patronymns. If it is a common misconception that either cigarette smoking is more common than alcohol and drug use or reliability is more of a measure of consistency, then some people mistakenly believe that welsh names beginning with P or B or ending in s, kin, kins are patronymns. Should it be the case that the statement 'if reliability is more of a measure of consistency, then either some carbon dioxide exists as liquids or if humans often allow themselves to be deceived as a way of avoiding threats, then a foursquare is a regular polygon' can be considered false, it follows that barred owls get their name from the dark bars and streaks that decorate their bellies. So long as the statement 'if reliability is more of a measure of consistency, then either some carbon dioxide exists as liquids or if humans often allow themselves to be deceived as a way of avoiding threats, then a foursquare is a regular polygon' can be considered false, 'some people mistakenly believe that barred owls get their name from the dark bars and streaks that decorate their bellies' is true.
|
Should it be the case that humans often allow themselves to be deceived as a way of avoiding threats, it follows that a foursquare is a regular polygon.
|
Once we know humans often allow themselves to be deceived as a way of avoiding threats, we also know that a foursquare is a regular polygon.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].). [SC1-1]
Not [2].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4]. [SC1-2]
If [3], then (Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].).).
If [4], then (Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].).). [SC3-2]
Therefore, Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC1-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [3] or [4].).), then [6].
If (Not (Either [3] or [4].).), then (Not [6].).
Therefore, Either [3] or [4]..
[SC3-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [4], then (Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].).).).), then [5].
If (Not (If [4], then (Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].).).).), then (Not [5].).
Therefore, If [4], then (Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].).)..
|
{0: 'Humans often allow themselves to be deceived as a way of avoiding threats.', 1: 'A foursquare is a regular polygon.', 2: 'Some carbon dioxide exists as liquids.', 3: 'Cigarette smoking is more common than alcohol and drug use.', 4: 'Reliability is more of a measure of consistency.', 5: 'Barred owls get their name from the dark bars and streaks that decorate their bellies.', 6: 'Welsh names beginning with P or B or ending in s, kin, kins are patronymns.'}
| 4 |
3,161 |
['Those that suggest if climate models are made out of theory, then some plants contain caffeine are wrong.', 'There is good reason to believe that either air filters start out clean and soon are covered with soot and dust or chlorine gas evolves.', 'It is rational to believe that either ants have two sets of jaws or infestation is managed by applying insecticides to their hiding places.', 'When ants have two sets of jaws is true, it follows that if air filters start out clean and soon are covered with soot and dust, then either if climate models are made out of theory, then some plants contain caffeine or some sloth bears feed on termites.', "So long as infestation is managed by applying insecticides to their hiding places, 'if air filters start out clean and soon are covered with soot and dust, then either if climate models are made out of theory, then some plants contain caffeine or some sloth bears feed on termites' is true.", 'There is good reason to believe that either prevention remains a key element in tackling workplace accidents and fatalities or if flight control is control, then most deer mice enter structures.', 'Assuming prevention remains a key element in tackling workplace accidents and fatalities, we know that if chlorine gas evolves, then either if climate models are made out of theory, then some plants contain caffeine or some sloth bears feed on termites.', "So long as if flight control is control, then most deer mice enter structures, 'if chlorine gas evolves, then either if climate models are made out of theory, then some plants contain caffeine or some sloth bears feed on termites' is true."]
|
Those that suggest if climate models are made out of theory, then some plants contain caffeine are wrong. There is good reason to believe that either air filters start out clean and soon are covered with soot and dust or chlorine gas evolves. It is rational to believe that either ants have two sets of jaws or infestation is managed by applying insecticides to their hiding places. When ants have two sets of jaws is true, it follows that if air filters start out clean and soon are covered with soot and dust, then either if climate models are made out of theory, then some plants contain caffeine or some sloth bears feed on termites. So long as infestation is managed by applying insecticides to their hiding places, 'if air filters start out clean and soon are covered with soot and dust, then either if climate models are made out of theory, then some plants contain caffeine or some sloth bears feed on termites' is true. There is good reason to believe that either prevention remains a key element in tackling workplace accidents and fatalities or if flight control is control, then most deer mice enter structures. Assuming prevention remains a key element in tackling workplace accidents and fatalities, we know that if chlorine gas evolves, then either if climate models are made out of theory, then some plants contain caffeine or some sloth bears feed on termites. So long as if flight control is control, then most deer mice enter structures, 'if chlorine gas evolves, then either if climate models are made out of theory, then some plants contain caffeine or some sloth bears feed on termites' is true.
|
It is reasonable to believe that some sloth bears feed on termites.
|
Sloth bears are solitary creatures and generally nocturnal.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [1], then [2].) or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not (If [1], then [2].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (Either (If [1], then [2].) or [0].). [SC2-2]
If [4], then (Either (If [1], then [2].) or [0].). [SC3-2]
Therefore, Either (If [1], then [2].) or [0]..
[SC2-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [5] or [6].
If [5], then (If [3], then (Either (If [1], then [2].) or [0].).).
If [6], then (If [3], then (Either (If [1], then [2].) or [0].).).
Therefore, If [3], then (Either (If [1], then [2].) or [0].)..
[SC3-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [7] or (If [8], then [9].).
If [7], then (If [4], then (Either (If [1], then [2].) or [0].).).
If (If [8], then [9].), then (If [4], then (Either (If [1], then [2].) or [0].).).
Therefore, If [4], then (Either (If [1], then [2].) or [0].)..
|
{0: 'Some sloth bears feed on termites.', 1: 'Climate models are made out of theory.', 2: 'Some plants contain caffeine.', 3: 'Air filters start out clean and soon are covered with soot and dust.', 4: 'Chlorine gas evolves.', 5: 'Ants have two sets of jaws.', 6: 'Infestation is managed by applying insecticides to their hiding places.', 7: 'Prevention remains a key element in tackling workplace accidents and fatalities.', 8: 'Flight control is control.', 9: 'Most deer mice enter structures.'}
| 4 |
3,813 |
['It is rational to believe that either vapor barriers control the flow of moisture through the building envelope or either flash paper is a hazardous material or grandpas have (part) cells.', 'The claim that vapor barriers control the flow of moisture through the building envelope has no merit.', "Whenever it is true that flash paper is a hazardous material, 'most humans adapt to conditions' is true.", 'When leather is elastic and strong, and has a high ripping resistance, unlike fabric materials is true, it follows that it is not true that most humans adapt to conditions.', 'leather is elastic and strong, and has a high ripping resistance, unlike fabric materials.']
|
It is rational to believe that either vapor barriers control the flow of moisture through the building envelope or either flash paper is a hazardous material or grandpas have (part) cells. The claim that vapor barriers control the flow of moisture through the building envelope has no merit. Whenever it is true that flash paper is a hazardous material, 'most humans adapt to conditions' is true. When leather is elastic and strong, and has a high ripping resistance, unlike fabric materials is true, it follows that it is not true that most humans adapt to conditions. leather is elastic and strong, and has a high ripping resistance, unlike fabric materials.
|
grandpas have (part) cells.
|
Grandpas have (part) cells.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (Either [1] or [0].).
Not [3].
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [1], then [2].
Not [2]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (Not [2].).
[4]
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Grandpas have (part) cells.', 1: 'Flash paper is a hazardous material.', 2: 'Most humans adapt to conditions.', 3: 'Vapor barriers control the flow of moisture through the building envelope.', 4: 'Leather is elastic and strong, and has a high ripping resistance, unlike fabric materials.'}
| 4 |
3,618 |
['It is reasonable to believe that religion is a deterrent to salvation.', 'Either if incomplete pigmentation is a major fault and so is abnormal position of the eyelids or eyelashes, then nails follow the same colours as the eye shadows and lips or if religion is a deterrent to salvation, then most snakes have distinct patterns.', 'The statement that states if incomplete pigmentation is a major fault and so is abnormal position of the eyelids or eyelashes, then nails follow the same colours as the eye shadows and lips is false.', 'If most snakes have distinct patterns, then many people keep sugar eggs for years.', "So long as many people keep sugar eggs for years, 'some men survive disasters' is true."]
|
It is reasonable to believe that religion is a deterrent to salvation. Either if incomplete pigmentation is a major fault and so is abnormal position of the eyelids or eyelashes, then nails follow the same colours as the eye shadows and lips or if religion is a deterrent to salvation, then most snakes have distinct patterns. The statement that states if incomplete pigmentation is a major fault and so is abnormal position of the eyelids or eyelashes, then nails follow the same colours as the eye shadows and lips is false. If most snakes have distinct patterns, then many people keep sugar eggs for years. So long as many people keep sugar eggs for years, 'some men survive disasters' is true.
|
The statement 'some men survive disasters' can be considered true.
|
The statement that states some men survive disasters is false.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [1], then [2]. [SC1-2]
If [2], then [0]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC1-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [3], then [4].) or (If [1], then [2].).
Not (If [3], then [4].).
Therefore, If [1], then [2]..
[SC2-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [2], then [5].
If [5], then [0].
Therefore, If [2], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Some men survive disasters.', 1: 'Religion is a deterrent to salvation.', 2: 'Most snakes have distinct patterns.', 3: 'Incomplete pigmentation is a major fault and so is abnormal position of the eyelids or eyelashes.', 4: 'Nails follow the same colours as the eye shadows and lips.', 5: 'Many people keep sugar eggs for years.'}
| 4 |
3,676 |
['Either magnesium compounds are less strong than sodium bicarbonate but act quickly or either respiratory problems occur fairly frequently or sexual assault is the forgotten violent crime.', 'The claim that magnesium compounds are less strong than sodium bicarbonate but act quickly has no merit.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: polyps are the asexual phase of the life cycle and closely resemble a tiny anemone, or behavior promotes reproductive success.', 'On the condition that polyps are the asexual phase of the life cycle and closely resemble a tiny anemone, it is definitely the case that if respiratory problems occur fairly frequently, then the claim that if common carp are prolific spawners and can quickly overrun a body of water, then wildebeests have heads does not reflect reality.', "So long as behavior promotes reproductive success, 'if respiratory problems occur fairly frequently, then the claim that if common carp are prolific spawners and can quickly overrun a body of water, then wildebeests have heads does not reflect reality' is true.", 'If sexual assault is the forgotten violent crime, then tires are the most important safety item on a car.', 'Once we know tires are the most important safety item on a car, we also know that the claim that if common carp are prolific spawners and can quickly overrun a body of water, then wildebeests have heads does not reflect reality.']
|
Either magnesium compounds are less strong than sodium bicarbonate but act quickly or either respiratory problems occur fairly frequently or sexual assault is the forgotten violent crime. The claim that magnesium compounds are less strong than sodium bicarbonate but act quickly has no merit. Either one or both of these statements are true: polyps are the asexual phase of the life cycle and closely resemble a tiny anemone, or behavior promotes reproductive success. On the condition that polyps are the asexual phase of the life cycle and closely resemble a tiny anemone, it is definitely the case that if respiratory problems occur fairly frequently, then the claim that if common carp are prolific spawners and can quickly overrun a body of water, then wildebeests have heads does not reflect reality. So long as behavior promotes reproductive success, 'if respiratory problems occur fairly frequently, then the claim that if common carp are prolific spawners and can quickly overrun a body of water, then wildebeests have heads does not reflect reality' is true. If sexual assault is the forgotten violent crime, then tires are the most important safety item on a car. Once we know tires are the most important safety item on a car, we also know that the claim that if common carp are prolific spawners and can quickly overrun a body of water, then wildebeests have heads does not reflect reality.
|
The claim that if common carp are prolific spawners and can quickly overrun a body of water, then wildebeests have heads does not reflect reality.
|
The claim that if common carp are prolific spawners and can quickly overrun a body of water, then wildebeests have heads does not reflect reality.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3]. [SC1-1]
If [2], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).). [SC2-1]
If [3], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).). [SC3-1]
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [4] or (Either [2] or [3].).
Not [4].
Therefore, Either [2] or [3]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [6] or [7].
If [6], then (If [2], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).).).
If [7], then (If [2], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).).).
Therefore, If [2], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).)..
[SC3-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [3], then [5].
If [5], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).).
Therefore, If [3], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).)..
|
{0: 'Common carp are prolific spawners and can quickly overrun a body of water.', 1: 'Wildebeests have heads.', 2: 'Respiratory problems occur fairly frequently.', 3: 'Sexual assault is the forgotten violent crime.', 4: 'Magnesium compounds are less strong than sodium bicarbonate but act quickly.', 5: 'Tires are the most important safety item on a car.', 6: 'Polyps are the asexual phase of the life cycle and closely resemble a tiny anemone.', 7: 'Behavior promotes reproductive success.'}
| 4 |
3,178 |
["Once we know the statement that 'if most animals have nerves, then a midterm is a test' is incorrect, we also know that resistance is caused by eating too much carbohydrate and by a lack of essential nutrients.", "Should it be the case that the statement that 'if most animals have nerves, then a midterm is a test' is incorrect, it follows that the statement that 'resistance is caused by eating too much carbohydrate and by a lack of essential nutrients' is incorrect.", 'The claim that either kobs have (part) skulls or fractals are self-similar structures does not reflect reality.', "So long as the statement that states if a midterm is a test, then either kobs have (part) skulls or fractals are self-similar structures is false, 'many green veggies are bitter, hence toxic' is true.", "The statement 'many green veggies are bitter, hence toxic' can be considered false."]
|
Once we know the statement that 'if most animals have nerves, then a midterm is a test' is incorrect, we also know that resistance is caused by eating too much carbohydrate and by a lack of essential nutrients. Should it be the case that the statement that 'if most animals have nerves, then a midterm is a test' is incorrect, it follows that the statement that 'resistance is caused by eating too much carbohydrate and by a lack of essential nutrients' is incorrect. The claim that either kobs have (part) skulls or fractals are self-similar structures does not reflect reality. So long as the statement that states if a midterm is a test, then either kobs have (part) skulls or fractals are self-similar structures is false, 'many green veggies are bitter, hence toxic' is true. The statement 'many green veggies are bitter, hence toxic' can be considered false.
|
The statement that 'most animals have nerves' is incorrect.
|
The statement that states most animals have nerves is right.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [1], then (Either [3] or [4].). [SC1-2]
Not (Either [3] or [4].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
[SC1-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [1], then (Either [3] or [4].).).), then [5].
Not [5].
Therefore, If [1], then (Either [3] or [4].)..
|
{0: 'Most animals have nerves.', 1: 'A midterm is a test.', 2: 'Resistance is caused by eating too much carbohydrate and by a lack of essential nutrients.', 3: 'Kobs have (part) skulls.', 4: 'Fractals are self-similar structures.', 5: 'Many green veggies are bitter, hence toxic.'}
| 4 |
3,950 |
['Should it be the case that we know that the claim that if some people mistakenly believe that traits accumulate and transform organisms, then either heating causes the molecules to move faster and make collisions harder or tobacco use is the leading cause of premature death in Canada and in the world is false, it follows that long term exercising and low-fat eating is the way to keeping the weight off.', 'The statement, long term exercising and low-fat eating is the way to keeping the weight off, does not hold.', 'One may reasonably assume that if either memory is power or substantive knowledge is used to describe or model the domain of endeavour, then it is not the case that either heating causes the molecules to move faster and make collisions harder or tobacco use is the leading cause of premature death in Canada and in the world.', 'Once we know women write music, we also know that it is not the case that either heating causes the molecules to move faster and make collisions harder or tobacco use is the leading cause of premature death in Canada and in the world.', 'We know that either either most walruses have cm weight or psychopaths are unemotional or either either memory is power or substantive knowledge is used to describe or model the domain of endeavour or women write music.', 'It is not the case that either most walruses have cm weight or psychopaths are unemotional .']
|
Should it be the case that we know that the claim that if some people mistakenly believe that traits accumulate and transform organisms, then either heating causes the molecules to move faster and make collisions harder or tobacco use is the leading cause of premature death in Canada and in the world is false, it follows that long term exercising and low-fat eating is the way to keeping the weight off. The statement, long term exercising and low-fat eating is the way to keeping the weight off, does not hold. One may reasonably assume that if either memory is power or substantive knowledge is used to describe or model the domain of endeavour, then it is not the case that either heating causes the molecules to move faster and make collisions harder or tobacco use is the leading cause of premature death in Canada and in the world. Once we know women write music, we also know that it is not the case that either heating causes the molecules to move faster and make collisions harder or tobacco use is the leading cause of premature death in Canada and in the world. We know that either either most walruses have cm weight or psychopaths are unemotional or either either memory is power or substantive knowledge is used to describe or model the domain of endeavour or women write music. It is not the case that either most walruses have cm weight or psychopaths are unemotional .
|
The statement 'traits accumulate and transform organisms' can be considered true.
|
The statement 'traits accumulate and transform organisms' can be considered true.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].). [SC1-1]
Not (Either [1] or [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).).), then [6].
Not [6].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].)..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [3] or [4].) or [5]. [SC1-2]
If (Either [3] or [4].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).
If [5], then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).
Therefore, Not (Either [1] or [2].)..
[SC1-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [7] or [8].) or (Either (Either [3] or [4].) or [5].).
Not (Either [7] or [8].).
Therefore, Either (Either [3] or [4].) or [5]..
|
{0: 'Traits accumulate and transform organisms.', 1: 'Heating causes the molecules to move faster and make collisions harder.', 2: 'Tobacco use is the leading cause of premature death in Canada and in the world.', 3: 'Memory is power.', 4: 'Substantive knowledge is used to describe or model the domain of endeavour.', 5: 'Women write music.', 6: 'Long term exercising and low-fat eating is the way to keeping the weight off.', 7: 'Most walruses have cm weight.', 8: 'Psychopaths are unemotional .'}
| 4 |
3,415 |
['There is good reason to believe that either meat plays less of a role in traditional Japanese cuisine than in any other cuisine of the world or either some simple machines consist of wheels or dehydration can be deceptive because it feels exactly like fatigue.', 'The statement, if artistic activity permeates every aspect of learning, then phototropism is the movement of plant structures in response to light, does not hold.', 'Assuming it is a common misconception that if either some simple machines consist of wheels or dehydration can be deceptive because it feels exactly like fatigue, then organisms play vital roles, we know that pervasiveness is the the degree that workflows of a particular subunit connect with other units.', 'The claim that pervasiveness is the the degree that workflows of a particular subunit connect with other units is false.', 'We know that at least one of two things is true: some energy induces motion, or if those that suggest if meat plays less of a role in traditional Japanese cuisine than in any other cuisine of the world, then organisms play vital roles are wrong, then if artistic activity permeates every aspect of learning, then phototropism is the movement of plant structures in response to light.', 'The claim that some energy induces motion does not reflect reality.']
|
There is good reason to believe that either meat plays less of a role in traditional Japanese cuisine than in any other cuisine of the world or either some simple machines consist of wheels or dehydration can be deceptive because it feels exactly like fatigue. The statement, if artistic activity permeates every aspect of learning, then phototropism is the movement of plant structures in response to light, does not hold. Assuming it is a common misconception that if either some simple machines consist of wheels or dehydration can be deceptive because it feels exactly like fatigue, then organisms play vital roles, we know that pervasiveness is the the degree that workflows of a particular subunit connect with other units. The claim that pervasiveness is the the degree that workflows of a particular subunit connect with other units is false. We know that at least one of two things is true: some energy induces motion, or if those that suggest if meat plays less of a role in traditional Japanese cuisine than in any other cuisine of the world, then organisms play vital roles are wrong, then if artistic activity permeates every aspect of learning, then phototropism is the movement of plant structures in response to light. The claim that some energy induces motion does not reflect reality.
|
The claim that organisms play vital roles holds true.
|
It is not true that organisms play vital roles.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].).
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If (Either [2] or [3].), then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then (If [5], then [6].). [SC1-2]
Not (If [5], then [6].).
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC1-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [7] or (If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then (If [5], then [6].).).
Not [7].
Therefore, If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then (If [5], then [6].)..
[SC3-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Either [2] or [3].), then [0].).), then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, If (Either [2] or [3].), then [0]..
|
{0: 'Organisms play vital roles.', 1: 'Meat plays less of a role in traditional Japanese cuisine than in any other cuisine of the world.', 2: 'Some simple machines consist of wheels.', 3: 'Dehydration can be deceptive because it feels exactly like fatigue.', 4: 'Pervasiveness is the the degree that workflows of a particular subunit connect with other units.', 5: 'Artistic activity permeates every aspect of learning.', 6: 'Phototropism is the movement of plant structures in response to light.', 7: 'Some energy induces motion.'}
| 4 |
3,100 |
["So long as some people mistakenly believe that air passes through lungs, 'the notion that 'podiatrists regularly prescribe foot orthoses and exercises as well tend to wounds and ulcerations' is untrue' is true.", 'Provided that the statement that states if some people mistakenly believe that air passes through lungs, then podiatrists regularly prescribe foot orthoses and exercises as well tend to wounds and ulcerations is false, we know that a trepidation is apprehension.', 'Once we know a trepidation is apprehension, we also know that turtles are actually a rather unsocial animal.', 'Should it be the case that vitamin A helps to keep bones, skin, eyes and lungs in a healthy state, it follows that the claim that turtles are actually a rather unsocial animal does not correspond with reality.', "The statement 'vitamin A helps to keep bones, skin, eyes and lungs in a healthy state' can be considered true."]
|
So long as some people mistakenly believe that air passes through lungs, 'the notion that 'podiatrists regularly prescribe foot orthoses and exercises as well tend to wounds and ulcerations' is untrue' is true. Provided that the statement that states if some people mistakenly believe that air passes through lungs, then podiatrists regularly prescribe foot orthoses and exercises as well tend to wounds and ulcerations is false, we know that a trepidation is apprehension. Once we know a trepidation is apprehension, we also know that turtles are actually a rather unsocial animal. Should it be the case that vitamin A helps to keep bones, skin, eyes and lungs in a healthy state, it follows that the claim that turtles are actually a rather unsocial animal does not correspond with reality. The statement 'vitamin A helps to keep bones, skin, eyes and lungs in a healthy state' can be considered true.
|
It is true that air passes through lungs.
|
Air cooling systems rely on heat sinks to pull the heat away from components.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [2]. [SC1-2]
Not [2]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC1-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [4].
If [4], then [2].
Therefore, If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [2]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (Not [2].).
[3]
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Air passes through lungs.', 1: 'Podiatrists regularly prescribe foot orthoses and exercises as well tend to wounds and ulcerations.', 2: 'Turtles are actually a rather unsocial animal.', 3: 'Vitamin A helps to keep bones, skin, eyes and lungs in a healthy state.', 4: 'A trepidation is apprehension.'}
| 4 |
3,733 |
['Either most pregnant women see children or harvesters have (part) sections.', 'One may reasonably assume that if most pregnant women see children, then either some studies suggest it improves vision and can relieve the symptoms of rheumatism and pneumonia or water levels can fluctuate dramatically in rain-forest setting.', 'Provided that harvesters have (part) sections, we know that either some studies suggest it improves vision and can relieve the symptoms of rheumatism and pneumonia or water levels can fluctuate dramatically in rain-forest setting.', 'At least one of two things is true: fulmars occur in two different color phases, or if some studies suggest it improves vision and can relieve the symptoms of rheumatism and pneumonia, then dAT audio is digital data, and can be corrupted.', 'The claim that fulmars occur in two different color phases has no merit.', 'Once we know water levels can fluctuate dramatically in rain-forest setting, we also know that axial ratio is the simplest morphological parameter to measure.', 'Assuming axial ratio is the simplest morphological parameter to measure, we know that dAT audio is digital data, and can be corrupted.']
|
Either most pregnant women see children or harvesters have (part) sections. One may reasonably assume that if most pregnant women see children, then either some studies suggest it improves vision and can relieve the symptoms of rheumatism and pneumonia or water levels can fluctuate dramatically in rain-forest setting. Provided that harvesters have (part) sections, we know that either some studies suggest it improves vision and can relieve the symptoms of rheumatism and pneumonia or water levels can fluctuate dramatically in rain-forest setting. At least one of two things is true: fulmars occur in two different color phases, or if some studies suggest it improves vision and can relieve the symptoms of rheumatism and pneumonia, then dAT audio is digital data, and can be corrupted. The claim that fulmars occur in two different color phases has no merit. Once we know water levels can fluctuate dramatically in rain-forest setting, we also know that axial ratio is the simplest morphological parameter to measure. Assuming axial ratio is the simplest morphological parameter to measure, we know that dAT audio is digital data, and can be corrupted.
|
It is fair to say that dAT audio is digital data, and can be corrupted.
|
Retinas have (part) cone cells.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If [2], then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [5] or [6].
If [5], then (Either [1] or [2].).
If [6], then (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (If [1], then [0].).
Not [3].
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC3-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [2], then [4].
If [4], then [0].
Therefore, If [2], then [0]..
|
{0: 'DAT audio is digital data, and can be corrupted.', 1: 'Some studies suggest it improves vision and can relieve the symptoms of rheumatism and pneumonia.', 2: 'Water levels can fluctuate dramatically in rain-forest setting.', 3: 'Fulmars occur in two different color phases.', 4: 'Axial ratio is the simplest morphological parameter to measure.', 5: 'Most pregnant women see children.', 6: 'Harvesters have (part) sections.'}
| 4 |
3,689 |
['Should it be the case that it is not true that either illegal drugs are a major public health concern and social problem or semantic intelligence is the ability to process information in the form of words and ideas, it follows that either coax cable resembles cable TV wire or eagles eat seagulls And also eat weasels.', 'The claim that either coax cable resembles cable TV wire or eagles eat seagulls And also eat weasels has no merit.', 'It is a fact that either twins are the most natural human clone known to man or geese have (part) vacuoles.', "Whenever it is true that twins are the most natural human clone known to man, 'if illegal drugs are a major public health concern and social problem, then the statement 'role plays help participants experience the feelings that accompany interpersonal interactions' can be considered false' is true.", "If geese have (part) vacuoles, then if illegal drugs are a major public health concern and social problem, then the statement 'role plays help participants experience the feelings that accompany interpersonal interactions' can be considered false.", "Provided that the statement 'if semantic intelligence is the ability to process information in the form of words and ideas, then the statement 'role plays help participants experience the feelings that accompany interpersonal interactions' can be considered false' can be considered false, we know that if people have aspirations, values, and attitudes, then many older people deny feeling depressed and blame their symptoms on physical ailments.", 'Some people mistakenly believe that if people have aspirations, values, and attitudes, then many older people deny feeling depressed and blame their symptoms on physical ailments.']
|
Should it be the case that it is not true that either illegal drugs are a major public health concern and social problem or semantic intelligence is the ability to process information in the form of words and ideas, it follows that either coax cable resembles cable TV wire or eagles eat seagulls And also eat weasels. The claim that either coax cable resembles cable TV wire or eagles eat seagulls And also eat weasels has no merit. It is a fact that either twins are the most natural human clone known to man or geese have (part) vacuoles. Whenever it is true that twins are the most natural human clone known to man, 'if illegal drugs are a major public health concern and social problem, then the statement 'role plays help participants experience the feelings that accompany interpersonal interactions' can be considered false' is true. If geese have (part) vacuoles, then if illegal drugs are a major public health concern and social problem, then the statement 'role plays help participants experience the feelings that accompany interpersonal interactions' can be considered false. Provided that the statement 'if semantic intelligence is the ability to process information in the form of words and ideas, then the statement 'role plays help participants experience the feelings that accompany interpersonal interactions' can be considered false' can be considered false, we know that if people have aspirations, values, and attitudes, then many older people deny feeling depressed and blame their symptoms on physical ailments. Some people mistakenly believe that if people have aspirations, values, and attitudes, then many older people deny feeling depressed and blame their symptoms on physical ailments.
|
The statement 'role plays help participants experience the feelings that accompany interpersonal interactions' can be considered false.
|
The claim that role plays help participants experience the feelings that accompany interpersonal interactions holds true.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then (Not [0].). [SC2-1]
If [2], then (Not [0].). [SC3-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then (Either [5] or [6].).
Not (Either [5] or [6].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (If [1], then (Not [0].).).
If [4], then (If [1], then (Not [0].).).
Therefore, If [1], then (Not [0].)..
[SC3-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [2], then (Not [0].).).), then (If [7], then [8].).
Not (If [7], then [8].).
Therefore, If [2], then (Not [0].)..
|
{0: 'Role plays help participants experience the feelings that accompany interpersonal interactions.', 1: 'Illegal drugs are a major public health concern and social problem.', 2: 'Semantic intelligence is the ability to process information in the form of words and ideas.', 3: 'Twins are the most natural human clone known to man.', 4: 'Geese have (part) vacuoles.', 5: 'Coax cable resembles cable TV wire.', 6: 'Eagles eat seagulls And also eat weasels.', 7: 'People have aspirations, values, and attitudes.', 8: 'Many older people deny feeling depressed and blame their symptoms on physical ailments.'}
| 4 |
3,229 |
["So long as either chinese dictionaries list characters by a combination of stroke order and radical or individualism Do people see themselves as individuals or as part of a larger group, 'either cellulose is part of plants or weak turbulence involves nonlinear interactions among waves' is true.", "Whenever it is true that the claim that either chinese dictionaries list characters by a combination of stroke order and radical or individualism Do people see themselves as individuals or as part of a larger group does not reflect reality, 'spring is the best time of the year for most golfers' is true.", "Whenever it is true that the claim that either chinese dictionaries list characters by a combination of stroke order and radical or individualism Do people see themselves as individuals or as part of a larger group does not reflect reality, 'the claim that spring is the best time of the year for most golfers is false' is true.", 'One may reasonably assume that if the claim that if either cellulose is part of plants or weak turbulence involves nonlinear interactions among waves, then it is not the case that some disasters affect individuals is false, then any parasite relies on survival of the animal in which it lives in order to survive itself.', 'If the claim that if either cellulose is part of plants or weak turbulence involves nonlinear interactions among waves, then it is not the case that some disasters affect individuals is false, then it is a common misconception that any parasite relies on survival of the animal in which it lives in order to survive itself.']
|
So long as either chinese dictionaries list characters by a combination of stroke order and radical or individualism Do people see themselves as individuals or as part of a larger group, 'either cellulose is part of plants or weak turbulence involves nonlinear interactions among waves' is true. Whenever it is true that the claim that either chinese dictionaries list characters by a combination of stroke order and radical or individualism Do people see themselves as individuals or as part of a larger group does not reflect reality, 'spring is the best time of the year for most golfers' is true. Whenever it is true that the claim that either chinese dictionaries list characters by a combination of stroke order and radical or individualism Do people see themselves as individuals or as part of a larger group does not reflect reality, 'the claim that spring is the best time of the year for most golfers is false' is true. One may reasonably assume that if the claim that if either cellulose is part of plants or weak turbulence involves nonlinear interactions among waves, then it is not the case that some disasters affect individuals is false, then any parasite relies on survival of the animal in which it lives in order to survive itself. If the claim that if either cellulose is part of plants or weak turbulence involves nonlinear interactions among waves, then it is not the case that some disasters affect individuals is false, then it is a common misconception that any parasite relies on survival of the animal in which it lives in order to survive itself.
|
It is not the case that some disasters affect individuals.
|
The claim that disasters can effect every part of the United States and at any time of the year does not reflect reality.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [1] or [2].), then (Not [0].). [SC1-1]
Either [1] or [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Either [1] or [2].), then (Either [4] or [5].).
If (Either [4] or [5].), then (Not [0].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (Either [1] or [2].), then (Not [0].)..
[SC2-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Either [4] or [5].), then (Not [0].).).), then [6].
If (Not (If (Either [4] or [5].), then (Not [0].).).), then (Not [6].).
Therefore, If (Either [4] or [5].), then (Not [0].)..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then [3].
If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
|
{0: 'Some disasters affect individuals.', 1: 'Chinese dictionaries list characters by a combination of stroke order and radical.', 2: 'Individualism Do people see themselves as individuals or as part of a larger group.', 3: 'Spring is the best time of the year for most golfers.', 4: 'Cellulose is part of plants.', 5: 'Weak turbulence involves nonlinear interactions among waves.', 6: 'Any parasite relies on survival of the animal in which it lives in order to survive itself.'}
| 4 |
3,334 |
['Given that most ants have large colonies, it can be inferred that variation is the raw material which allows populations to change over time.', 'One may reasonably assume that if telemarketing frauds can be successful when customers reveal confidential account information, then most ants have large colonies.', 'The claim that telemarketing frauds can be successful when customers reveal confidential account information is true.', 'Should it be the case that the statement, if variation is the raw material which allows populations to change over time, then it is not true that most radio telescopes have angular resolution, does not hold, it follows that most coronary disease is the result of blocked arteries.', 'Those that suggest most coronary disease is the result of blocked arteries are wrong.']
|
Given that most ants have large colonies, it can be inferred that variation is the raw material which allows populations to change over time. One may reasonably assume that if telemarketing frauds can be successful when customers reveal confidential account information, then most ants have large colonies. The claim that telemarketing frauds can be successful when customers reveal confidential account information is true. Should it be the case that the statement, if variation is the raw material which allows populations to change over time, then it is not true that most radio telescopes have angular resolution, does not hold, it follows that most coronary disease is the result of blocked arteries. Those that suggest most coronary disease is the result of blocked arteries are wrong.
|
It is not true that most radio telescopes have angular resolution.
|
The statement that 'most radio telescopes use large antennas to capture radio waves from space' is incorrect.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].). [SC1-1]
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [1], then [2].
If [2], then (Not [0].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [1], then (Not [0].)..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [2], then (Not [0].).).), then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, If [2], then (Not [0].)..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then [1].
[3]
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Most radio telescopes have angular resolution.', 1: 'Most ants have large colonies.', 2: 'Variation is the raw material which allows populations to change over time.', 3: 'Telemarketing frauds can be successful when customers reveal confidential account information.', 4: 'Most coronary disease is the result of blocked arteries.'}
| 4 |
3,627 |
['If it is a common misconception that if fights are part of ice hockeys, then procrastination is likened to the physics concept of inertia a mass at rest tends to stay at rest, then humidity increases while temperature decreases with altitude.', 'It is rational to believe that either most fruit grows in lush habitats or reversals are metaphors and shortened sentences.', 'One may reasonably assume that if most fruit grows in lush habitats, then stress causes facial muscles to become tense and pull the skin unevenly.', "So long as reversals are metaphors and shortened sentences, 'we know that the claim that humidity increases while temperature decreases with altitude is false' is true.", 'Assuming stress causes facial muscles to become tense and pull the skin unevenly, we know that if corticosteroids are the mainstay of therapy, then overpopulation is the core of our environmental problem.', 'The claim that if corticosteroids are the mainstay of therapy, then overpopulation is the core of our environmental problem does not reflect reality.']
|
If it is a common misconception that if fights are part of ice hockeys, then procrastination is likened to the physics concept of inertia a mass at rest tends to stay at rest, then humidity increases while temperature decreases with altitude. It is rational to believe that either most fruit grows in lush habitats or reversals are metaphors and shortened sentences. One may reasonably assume that if most fruit grows in lush habitats, then stress causes facial muscles to become tense and pull the skin unevenly. So long as reversals are metaphors and shortened sentences, 'we know that the claim that humidity increases while temperature decreases with altitude is false' is true. Assuming stress causes facial muscles to become tense and pull the skin unevenly, we know that if corticosteroids are the mainstay of therapy, then overpopulation is the core of our environmental problem. The claim that if corticosteroids are the mainstay of therapy, then overpopulation is the core of our environmental problem does not reflect reality.
|
On the condition that fights are part of ice hockeys, it is definitely the case that procrastination is likened to the physics concept of inertia a mass at rest tends to stay at rest.
|
Those that suggest if fights are part of ice hockeys, then procrastination is likened to the physics concept of inertia a mass at rest tends to stay at rest are wrong.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].
Not [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (Not [2].). [SC1-2]
Not [3]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, Not [2]..
[SC1-2]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [4] or [5].
If [4], then [3].
If [5], then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Either [3] or (Not [2].)..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If [3], then (If [6], then [7].).
Not (If [6], then [7].).
Therefore, Not [3]..
|
{0: 'Fights are part of ice hockeys.', 1: 'Procrastination is likened to the physics concept of inertia a mass at rest tends to stay at rest.', 2: 'Humidity increases while temperature decreases with altitude.', 3: 'Stress causes facial muscles to become tense and pull the skin unevenly.', 4: 'Most fruit grows in lush habitats.', 5: 'Reversals are metaphors and shortened sentences.', 6: 'Corticosteroids are the mainstay of therapy.', 7: 'Overpopulation is the core of our environmental problem.'}
| 4 |
3,702 |
["Whenever it is true that the statement that 'either either some physicians prescribe bromocriptine to reduce prolactin or sedimentary rocks are softer than volcanic ones or most power is used by appliances' is incorrect, 'liquid nitrogen is pushed into afflicted structures, freezing walls and termites in their tracks' is true.", "The statement 'liquid nitrogen is pushed into afflicted structures, freezing walls and termites in their tracks' can be considered false.", 'If either most wind power uses energy or tweeters are loudspeakers, then the claim that either some physicians prescribe bromocriptine to reduce prolactin or sedimentary rocks are softer than volcanic ones is false.', 'Assuming the statement that states either most wind power uses energy or tweeters are loudspeakers is false, we know that foamy viruses bud from both the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and the cell membrane.', 'Should it be the case that the statement that states either most wind power uses energy or tweeters are loudspeakers is false, it follows that the statement, foamy viruses bud from both the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and the cell membrane, does not hold.']
|
Whenever it is true that the statement that 'either either some physicians prescribe bromocriptine to reduce prolactin or sedimentary rocks are softer than volcanic ones or most power is used by appliances' is incorrect, 'liquid nitrogen is pushed into afflicted structures, freezing walls and termites in their tracks' is true. The statement 'liquid nitrogen is pushed into afflicted structures, freezing walls and termites in their tracks' can be considered false. If either most wind power uses energy or tweeters are loudspeakers, then the claim that either some physicians prescribe bromocriptine to reduce prolactin or sedimentary rocks are softer than volcanic ones is false. Assuming the statement that states either most wind power uses energy or tweeters are loudspeakers is false, we know that foamy viruses bud from both the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and the cell membrane. Should it be the case that the statement that states either most wind power uses energy or tweeters are loudspeakers is false, it follows that the statement, foamy viruses bud from both the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and the cell membrane, does not hold.
|
It is reasonable to believe that most power is used by appliances.
|
The statement, most power is used by appliances, does not hold.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not (Either [1] or [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [0].).), then [5].
Not [5].
Therefore, Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [3] or [4].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).
Either [3] or [4]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, Not (Either [1] or [2].)..
[SC2-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [3] or [4].).), then [6].
If (Not (Either [3] or [4].).), then (Not [6].).
Therefore, Either [3] or [4]..
|
{0: 'Most power is used by appliances.', 1: 'Some physicians prescribe bromocriptine to reduce prolactin.', 2: 'Sedimentary rocks are softer than volcanic ones.', 3: 'Most wind power uses energy.', 4: 'Tweeters are loudspeakers.', 5: 'Liquid nitrogen is pushed into afflicted structures, freezing walls and termites in their tracks.', 6: 'Foamy viruses bud from both the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and the cell membrane.'}
| 4 |
3,878 |
['It is a fact that either ear wax is a mixture of alcohols and fats secreted by glands in the ear or either hummingbird nectar can go bad in a day or two in hot weather or sex is an outmoded form of communication.', "The statement 'ear wax is a mixture of alcohols and fats secreted by glands in the ear' can be considered false.", 'Some people mistakenly believe that if people often have tendencies or specific ways that they feel their stress, then light is a wave of vibrating electric and magnetic fields.', 'It is rational to believe that either either children learn to stereotype people and objects as they grow up or clover provides nitrogen or leeches are common in planted ponds and are less likely in non planted ponds.', 'One may reasonably assume that if either children learn to stereotype people and objects as they grow up or clover provides nitrogen, then either if people often have tendencies or specific ways that they feel their stress, then light is a wave of vibrating electric and magnetic fields or some people mistakenly believe that hummingbird nectar can go bad in a day or two in hot weather.', 'Assuming leeches are common in planted ponds and are less likely in non planted ponds, we know that either if people often have tendencies or specific ways that they feel their stress, then light is a wave of vibrating electric and magnetic fields or some people mistakenly believe that hummingbird nectar can go bad in a day or two in hot weather.']
|
It is a fact that either ear wax is a mixture of alcohols and fats secreted by glands in the ear or either hummingbird nectar can go bad in a day or two in hot weather or sex is an outmoded form of communication. The statement 'ear wax is a mixture of alcohols and fats secreted by glands in the ear' can be considered false. Some people mistakenly believe that if people often have tendencies or specific ways that they feel their stress, then light is a wave of vibrating electric and magnetic fields. It is rational to believe that either either children learn to stereotype people and objects as they grow up or clover provides nitrogen or leeches are common in planted ponds and are less likely in non planted ponds. One may reasonably assume that if either children learn to stereotype people and objects as they grow up or clover provides nitrogen, then either if people often have tendencies or specific ways that they feel their stress, then light is a wave of vibrating electric and magnetic fields or some people mistakenly believe that hummingbird nectar can go bad in a day or two in hot weather. Assuming leeches are common in planted ponds and are less likely in non planted ponds, we know that either if people often have tendencies or specific ways that they feel their stress, then light is a wave of vibrating electric and magnetic fields or some people mistakenly believe that hummingbird nectar can go bad in a day or two in hot weather.
|
The idea that sex is an outmoded form of communication is true.
|
The notion that 'sex is an outmoded form of communication' is untrue.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Either [1] or [0].).
Not [2].
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [3], then [4].) or (Not [1].). [SC1-2]
Not (If [3], then [4].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
[SC1-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [5] or [6].) or [7].
If (Either [5] or [6].), then (Either (If [3], then [4].) or (Not [1].).).
If [7], then (Either (If [3], then [4].) or (Not [1].).).
Therefore, Either (If [3], then [4].) or (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Sex is an outmoded form of communication.', 1: 'Hummingbird nectar can go bad in a day or two in hot weather.', 2: 'Ear wax is a mixture of alcohols and fats secreted by glands in the ear.', 3: 'People often have tendencies or specific ways that they feel their stress.', 4: 'Light is a wave of vibrating electric and magnetic fields.', 5: 'Children learn to stereotype people and objects as they grow up.', 6: 'Clover provides nitrogen.', 7: 'Leeches are common in planted ponds and are less likely in non planted ponds.'}
| 4 |
3,482 |
['Either smokers have two to four times the risk of nonsmokers or cats have a personality of their own.', 'One may reasonably assume that if it is a common misconception that if either homeless children are more likely than other children to be at risk for emotional problems or power is defined as the time rate of doing work, or the rate of using energy, then it is not the case that smokers have two to four times the risk of nonsmokers, then either most plants use efficient photosynthesis or most predators consume meat.', 'It is not true that either most plants use efficient photosynthesis or most predators consume meat.', "So long as healthy forests boost food production, 'either homeless children are more likely than other children to be at risk for emotional problems or power is defined as the time rate of doing work, or the rate of using energy' is true.", 'healthy forests boost food production.']
|
Either smokers have two to four times the risk of nonsmokers or cats have a personality of their own. One may reasonably assume that if it is a common misconception that if either homeless children are more likely than other children to be at risk for emotional problems or power is defined as the time rate of doing work, or the rate of using energy, then it is not the case that smokers have two to four times the risk of nonsmokers, then either most plants use efficient photosynthesis or most predators consume meat. It is not true that either most plants use efficient photosynthesis or most predators consume meat. So long as healthy forests boost food production, 'either homeless children are more likely than other children to be at risk for emotional problems or power is defined as the time rate of doing work, or the rate of using energy' is true. healthy forests boost food production.
|
It is reasonable to believe that cats have a personality of their own.
|
It is reasonable to believe that cats have a personality of their own.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [2] or [3].), then (Not [1].). [SC1-2]
Either [2] or [3]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
[SC1-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Either [2] or [3].), then (Not [1].).).), then (Either [5] or [6].).
Not (Either [5] or [6].).
Therefore, If (Either [2] or [3].), then (Not [1].)..
[SC2-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (Either [2] or [3].).
[4]
Therefore, Either [2] or [3]..
|
{0: 'Cats have a personality of their own.', 1: 'Smokers have two to four times the risk of nonsmokers.', 2: 'Homeless children are more likely than other children to be at risk for emotional problems.', 3: 'Power is defined as the time rate of doing work, or the rate of using energy.', 4: 'Healthy forests boost food production.', 5: 'Most plants use efficient photosynthesis.', 6: 'Most predators consume meat.'}
| 4 |
3,919 |
['It is a fact that either higher education is the single most important factor in producing a high degree of participation or if rouleaux formation is often present with increased serum viscosity, then customers are located in bars.', 'One may reasonably assume that if if rouleaux formation is often present with increased serum viscosity, then customers are located in bars, then most mountain thrushes have wings.', 'Given that vertebrate eyes have blind spots, it can be inferred that forests support all of livings.', 'On the condition that forests support all of livings, it is definitely the case that if higher education is the single most important factor in producing a high degree of participation, then most mountain thrushes have wings.', 'It is a fact that either terminal velocities are video games or computers also help operate machines and manipulate materials to turn ideas into finished products.', 'Provided that terminal velocities are video games, we know that vertebrate eyes have blind spots.', 'Given that computers also help operate machines and manipulate materials to turn ideas into finished products, it can be inferred that vertebrate eyes have blind spots.']
|
It is a fact that either higher education is the single most important factor in producing a high degree of participation or if rouleaux formation is often present with increased serum viscosity, then customers are located in bars. One may reasonably assume that if if rouleaux formation is often present with increased serum viscosity, then customers are located in bars, then most mountain thrushes have wings. Given that vertebrate eyes have blind spots, it can be inferred that forests support all of livings. On the condition that forests support all of livings, it is definitely the case that if higher education is the single most important factor in producing a high degree of participation, then most mountain thrushes have wings. It is a fact that either terminal velocities are video games or computers also help operate machines and manipulate materials to turn ideas into finished products. Provided that terminal velocities are video games, we know that vertebrate eyes have blind spots. Given that computers also help operate machines and manipulate materials to turn ideas into finished products, it can be inferred that vertebrate eyes have blind spots.
|
The statement that states most mountain thrushes have wings is right.
|
The statement, most mountain thrushes have wings, does not hold.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or (If [2], then [3].).
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If (If [2], then [3].), then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (If [1], then [0].). [SC1-2]
[4] [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC1-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [4], then [7].
If [7], then (If [1], then [0].).
Therefore, If [4], then (If [1], then [0].)..
[SC2-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [5] or [6].
If [5], then [4].
If [6], then [4].
Therefore, [4].
|
{0: 'Most mountain thrushes have wings.', 1: 'Higher education is the single most important factor in producing a high degree of participation.', 2: 'Rouleaux formation is often present with increased serum viscosity.', 3: 'Customers are located in bars.', 4: 'Vertebrate eyes have blind spots.', 5: 'Terminal velocities are video games.', 6: 'Computers also help operate machines and manipulate materials to turn ideas into finished products.', 7: 'Forests support all of livings.'}
| 4 |
3,220 |
['The statement that states relationships change over time is false.', 'One may reasonably assume that if the statement, if if enzymes are part of a sustainable environment, then integrated organizations move money, people, and ideas or information across boundaries, then the claim that risk management requires an entity to invest people, time, and money does not correspond with reality, does not hold, then if babies represent one of the challenges that our behaviour has adapted to during evolution, then lactose breaks down enzymatically to glucose and galactose.', 'Assuming the statement, if if enzymes are part of a sustainable environment, then integrated organizations move money, people, and ideas or information across boundaries, then the claim that risk management requires an entity to invest people, time, and money does not correspond with reality, does not hold, we know that it is a common misconception that if babies represent one of the challenges that our behaviour has adapted to during evolution, then lactose breaks down enzymatically to glucose and galactose.', 'On the condition that the claim that if if enzymes are part of a sustainable environment, then integrated organizations move money, people, and ideas or information across boundaries, then risk management requires an entity to invest people, time, and money has no merit, it is definitely the case that ozone is an effective and clean method of disinfection, but very expensive.', "So long as ozone is an effective and clean method of disinfection, but very expensive, 'relationships change over time' is true."]
|
The statement that states relationships change over time is false. One may reasonably assume that if the statement, if if enzymes are part of a sustainable environment, then integrated organizations move money, people, and ideas or information across boundaries, then the claim that risk management requires an entity to invest people, time, and money does not correspond with reality, does not hold, then if babies represent one of the challenges that our behaviour has adapted to during evolution, then lactose breaks down enzymatically to glucose and galactose. Assuming the statement, if if enzymes are part of a sustainable environment, then integrated organizations move money, people, and ideas or information across boundaries, then the claim that risk management requires an entity to invest people, time, and money does not correspond with reality, does not hold, we know that it is a common misconception that if babies represent one of the challenges that our behaviour has adapted to during evolution, then lactose breaks down enzymatically to glucose and galactose. On the condition that the claim that if if enzymes are part of a sustainable environment, then integrated organizations move money, people, and ideas or information across boundaries, then risk management requires an entity to invest people, time, and money has no merit, it is definitely the case that ozone is an effective and clean method of disinfection, but very expensive. So long as ozone is an effective and clean method of disinfection, but very expensive, 'relationships change over time' is true.
|
It is not true that if enzymes are part of a sustainable environment, then integrated organizations move money, people, and ideas or information across boundaries.
|
It is not true that if enzymes are part of a sustainable environment, then integrated organizations move money, people, and ideas or information across boundaries.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (If [0], then [1].), then [2]. [SC1-1]
If (If [0], then [1].), then (Not [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (If [0], then [1].), then [2].).), then [3]. [SC1-2]
Not [3].
Therefore, If (If [0], then [1].), then [2]..
[SC1-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not (If (If [0], then [1].), then [2].).), then [6].
If [6], then [3].
Therefore, If (Not (If (If [0], then [1].), then [2].).), then [3]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (If [0], then [1].), then (Not [2].).).), then (If [4], then [5].).
If (Not (If (If [0], then [1].), then (Not [2].).).), then (Not (If [4], then [5].).).
Therefore, If (If [0], then [1].), then (Not [2].)..
|
{0: 'Enzymes are part of a sustainable environment.', 1: 'Integrated organizations move money, people, and ideas or information across boundaries.', 2: 'Risk management requires an entity to invest people, time, and money.', 3: 'Relationships change over time.', 4: 'Babies represent one of the challenges that our behaviour has adapted to during evolution.', 5: 'Lactose breaks down enzymatically to glucose and galactose.', 6: 'Ozone is an effective and clean method of disinfection, but very expensive.'}
| 4 |
3,391 |
['Assuming diabetes seriously increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, we know that if estate jewelry is a term used to describe second-hand,or previously owned jewelry, then a chocolate bar is chocolate.', 'The claim that diabetes seriously increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease is true.', 'We know that either time lasts for several decades or estate jewelry is a term used to describe second-hand,or previously owned jewelry.', 'Given that time lasts for several decades, it can be inferred that tigers also chuff, growl, hiss and moan.', 'Given that time lasts for several decades, it can be inferred that the claim that tigers also chuff, growl, hiss and moan does not correspond with reality.']
|
Assuming diabetes seriously increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, we know that if estate jewelry is a term used to describe second-hand,or previously owned jewelry, then a chocolate bar is chocolate. The claim that diabetes seriously increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease is true. We know that either time lasts for several decades or estate jewelry is a term used to describe second-hand,or previously owned jewelry. Given that time lasts for several decades, it can be inferred that tigers also chuff, growl, hiss and moan. Given that time lasts for several decades, it can be inferred that the claim that tigers also chuff, growl, hiss and moan does not correspond with reality.
|
It is reasonable to believe that a chocolate bar is chocolate.
|
Chocolate bars are the biggest export item of the Austrian confectionery industry.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If [1], then [0].).
[2]
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or [1].
Not [3]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, [1].
[SC2-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [3], then [4].
If [3], then (Not [4].).
Therefore, Not [3]..
|
{0: 'A chocolate bar is chocolate.', 1: 'Estate jewelry is a term used to describe second-hand,or previously owned jewelry.', 2: 'Diabetes seriously increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.', 3: 'Time lasts for several decades.', 4: 'Tigers also chuff, growl, hiss and moan.'}
| 4 |
3,912 |
['One may reasonably assume that if those that suggest if if wolves have teeth, then mineralocorticoids regulate electrolyte balances, then pollination is carried out by flies and beetles are wrong, then mysticism is the awakening to and cultivation of transcendental consciousness.', 'Assuming those that suggest if if wolves have teeth, then mineralocorticoids regulate electrolyte balances, then pollination is carried out by flies and beetles are wrong, we know that the claim that mysticism is the awakening to and cultivation of transcendental consciousness does not reflect reality.', 'Assuming collective defense is a stabilizing factor in world politics, we know that if if wolves have teeth, then mineralocorticoids regulate electrolyte balances, then the statement that states pollination is carried out by flies and beetles is false.', 'On the condition that accountants do more that prepare financial statements and record transactions, it is definitely the case that if if wolves have teeth, then mineralocorticoids regulate electrolyte balances, then the statement that states pollination is carried out by flies and beetles is false.', 'Once we know it is not the case that either collective defense is a stabilizing factor in world politics or accountants do more that prepare financial statements and record transactions, we also know that amino acids are the heart of bioinformatics.', "The notion that 'amino acids are the heart of bioinformatics' is untrue."]
|
One may reasonably assume that if those that suggest if if wolves have teeth, then mineralocorticoids regulate electrolyte balances, then pollination is carried out by flies and beetles are wrong, then mysticism is the awakening to and cultivation of transcendental consciousness. Assuming those that suggest if if wolves have teeth, then mineralocorticoids regulate electrolyte balances, then pollination is carried out by flies and beetles are wrong, we know that the claim that mysticism is the awakening to and cultivation of transcendental consciousness does not reflect reality. Assuming collective defense is a stabilizing factor in world politics, we know that if if wolves have teeth, then mineralocorticoids regulate electrolyte balances, then the statement that states pollination is carried out by flies and beetles is false. On the condition that accountants do more that prepare financial statements and record transactions, it is definitely the case that if if wolves have teeth, then mineralocorticoids regulate electrolyte balances, then the statement that states pollination is carried out by flies and beetles is false. Once we know it is not the case that either collective defense is a stabilizing factor in world politics or accountants do more that prepare financial statements and record transactions, we also know that amino acids are the heart of bioinformatics. The notion that 'amino acids are the heart of bioinformatics' is untrue.
|
The claim that if wolves have teeth, then mineralocorticoids regulate electrolyte balances is false.
|
It is a common misconception that wolves live in many diverse and changing environments.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (If [0], then [1].), then [2]. [SC1-1]
If (If [0], then [1].), then (Not [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (If [0], then [1].), then [2].).), then [5].
If (Not (If (If [0], then [1].), then [2].).), then (Not [5].).
Therefore, If (If [0], then [1].), then [2]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4]. [SC1-2]
If [3], then (If (If [0], then [1].), then (Not [2].).).
If [4], then (If (If [0], then [1].), then (Not [2].).).
Therefore, If (If [0], then [1].), then (Not [2].)..
[SC1-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [3] or [4].).), then [6].
Not [6].
Therefore, Either [3] or [4]..
|
{0: 'Wolves have teeth.', 1: 'Mineralocorticoids regulate electrolyte balances.', 2: 'Pollination is carried out by flies and beetles.', 3: 'Collective defense is a stabilizing factor in world politics.', 4: 'Accountants do more that prepare financial statements and record transactions.', 5: 'Mysticism is the awakening to and cultivation of transcendental consciousness.', 6: 'Amino acids are the heart of bioinformatics.'}
| 4 |
3,427 |
['The claim that buffoonery is now a staple of entertainment does not reflect reality.', 'Given that the claim that if the statement that states nonverbal communication is frequently limited which is interpreted as low cognitive ability is false, then buffoonery is now a staple of entertainment is false, it can be inferred that antlers typically emerge at one year of age .', 'Once we know the claim that if the statement that states nonverbal communication is frequently limited which is interpreted as low cognitive ability is false, then buffoonery is now a staple of entertainment is false, we also know that newborns are wet and chill rapidly as they dry.', 'Provided that either sand cats are nocturnal, resting by day in burrows that theydig or modify or hells really exist for people who have done evil and created bad kamma due to a lack of morality, we know that if newborns are wet and chill rapidly as they dry, then the claim that antlers typically emerge at one year of age does not correspond with reality.', 'We know that at least one of two things is true: sand cats are nocturnal, resting by day in burrows that theydig or modify, or hells really exist for people who have done evil and created bad kamma due to a lack of morality.']
|
The claim that buffoonery is now a staple of entertainment does not reflect reality. Given that the claim that if the statement that states nonverbal communication is frequently limited which is interpreted as low cognitive ability is false, then buffoonery is now a staple of entertainment is false, it can be inferred that antlers typically emerge at one year of age . Once we know the claim that if the statement that states nonverbal communication is frequently limited which is interpreted as low cognitive ability is false, then buffoonery is now a staple of entertainment is false, we also know that newborns are wet and chill rapidly as they dry. Provided that either sand cats are nocturnal, resting by day in burrows that theydig or modify or hells really exist for people who have done evil and created bad kamma due to a lack of morality, we know that if newborns are wet and chill rapidly as they dry, then the claim that antlers typically emerge at one year of age does not correspond with reality. We know that at least one of two things is true: sand cats are nocturnal, resting by day in burrows that theydig or modify, or hells really exist for people who have done evil and created bad kamma due to a lack of morality.
|
The statement 'nonverbal communication is frequently limited which is interpreted as low cognitive ability' is true.
|
The claim that nonverbal communication is frequently limited which is interpreted as low cognitive ability has no merit.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [2].
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (Not [2].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC2-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [3].
If [3], then (Not [2].). [SC2-3]
Therefore, If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (Not [2].)..
[SC2-3]
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [4] or [5].), then (If [3], then (Not [2].).).
Either [4] or [5].
Therefore, If [3], then (Not [2].)..
|
{0: 'Nonverbal communication is frequently limited which is interpreted as low cognitive ability.', 1: 'Buffoonery is now a staple of entertainment.', 2: 'Antlers typically emerge at one year of age .', 3: 'Newborns are wet and chill rapidly as they dry.', 4: 'Sand cats are nocturnal, resting by day in burrows that theydig or modify.', 5: 'Hells really exist for people who have done evil and created bad kamma due to a lack of morality.'}
| 4 |
3,309 |
["One may reasonably assume that if it is not true that if we know that the claim that most vehicles equipped with side curtain airbags also include side torso airbags is false, then migraine sufferers tend to be perfectionists, so they often are very busy people, then the statement 'solicitation is the communication in a public place for the purpose of prostitution' can be considered false.", "Given that the statement 'if we know that the claim that most vehicles equipped with side curtain airbags also include side torso airbags is false, then the claim that migraine sufferers tend to be perfectionists, so they often are very busy people has no merit' can be considered false, it can be inferred that small businesses are the backbone of our American economy.", "Once we know the statement 'if we know that the claim that most vehicles equipped with side curtain airbags also include side torso airbags is false, then the claim that migraine sufferers tend to be perfectionists, so they often are very busy people has no merit' can be considered false, we also know that the claim that small businesses are the backbone of our American economy is false.", 'Provided that it is not true that if we know that the claim that most vehicles equipped with side curtain airbags also include side torso airbags is false, then migraine sufferers tend to be perfectionists, so they often are very busy people, we know that humans can develop allergies to rat dander and urine.', 'Provided that humans can develop allergies to rat dander and urine, we know that solicitation is the communication in a public place for the purpose of prostitution.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if it is not true that if we know that the claim that most vehicles equipped with side curtain airbags also include side torso airbags is false, then migraine sufferers tend to be perfectionists, so they often are very busy people, then the statement 'solicitation is the communication in a public place for the purpose of prostitution' can be considered false. Given that the statement 'if we know that the claim that most vehicles equipped with side curtain airbags also include side torso airbags is false, then the claim that migraine sufferers tend to be perfectionists, so they often are very busy people has no merit' can be considered false, it can be inferred that small businesses are the backbone of our American economy. Once we know the statement 'if we know that the claim that most vehicles equipped with side curtain airbags also include side torso airbags is false, then the claim that migraine sufferers tend to be perfectionists, so they often are very busy people has no merit' can be considered false, we also know that the claim that small businesses are the backbone of our American economy is false. Provided that it is not true that if we know that the claim that most vehicles equipped with side curtain airbags also include side torso airbags is false, then migraine sufferers tend to be perfectionists, so they often are very busy people, we know that humans can develop allergies to rat dander and urine. Provided that humans can develop allergies to rat dander and urine, we know that solicitation is the communication in a public place for the purpose of prostitution.
|
The statement 'most vehicles equipped with side curtain airbags also include side torso airbags' can be considered true.
|
The statement 'most vehicles equipped with side curtain airbags also include side torso airbags' can be considered true.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [3]. [SC1-2]
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC1-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [4].
If [4], then [3].
Therefore, If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [3]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).), then [2].
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Most vehicles equipped with side curtain airbags also include side torso airbags.', 1: 'Migraine sufferers tend to be perfectionists, so they often are very busy people.', 2: 'Small businesses are the backbone of our American economy.', 3: 'Solicitation is the communication in a public place for the purpose of prostitution.', 4: 'Humans can develop allergies to rat dander and urine.'}
| 4 |
3,775 |
['Provided that ambient calcium concentration affects production, we know that animal means raccoon or coyote.', 'Provided that animal means raccoon or coyote, we know that iodine deficiency leads to enlargement of the thyroid gland known as goiter and hypothyroidism.', 'Should it be the case that either intermediate filaments are the most skeletal in nature, giving the cytoplasm mechanical strength or rodents are the reservoir for hantavirus, it follows that if iodine deficiency leads to enlargement of the thyroid gland known as goiter and hypothyroidism, then stems grow above ground and root at nodes.', 'It is rational to believe that either cells structurally unite to form organisms or either intermediate filaments are the most skeletal in nature, giving the cytoplasm mechanical strength or rodents are the reservoir for hantavirus.', 'It is not the case that cells structurally unite to form organisms.']
|
Provided that ambient calcium concentration affects production, we know that animal means raccoon or coyote. Provided that animal means raccoon or coyote, we know that iodine deficiency leads to enlargement of the thyroid gland known as goiter and hypothyroidism. Should it be the case that either intermediate filaments are the most skeletal in nature, giving the cytoplasm mechanical strength or rodents are the reservoir for hantavirus, it follows that if iodine deficiency leads to enlargement of the thyroid gland known as goiter and hypothyroidism, then stems grow above ground and root at nodes. It is rational to believe that either cells structurally unite to form organisms or either intermediate filaments are the most skeletal in nature, giving the cytoplasm mechanical strength or rodents are the reservoir for hantavirus. It is not the case that cells structurally unite to form organisms.
|
Given that ambient calcium concentration affects production, it can be inferred that stems grow above ground and root at nodes.
|
Assuming ambient calcium concentration affects production, we know that some stems are so narrow as to be threadlike, as in many tropical epiphytic ferns.
|
Uncertain
|
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [0], then [2]. [SC1-1]
If [2], then [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [0], then [3].
If [3], then [2].
Therefore, If [0], then [2]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [4] or [5].), then (If [2], then [1].).
Either [4] or [5]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [2], then [1]..
[SC2-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [6] or (Either [4] or [5].).
Not [6].
Therefore, Either [4] or [5]..
|
{0: 'Ambient calcium concentration affects production.', 1: 'Stems grow above ground and root at nodes.', 2: 'Iodine deficiency leads to enlargement of the thyroid gland known as goiter and hypothyroidism.', 3: 'Animal means raccoon or coyote.', 4: 'Intermediate filaments are the most skeletal in nature, giving the cytoplasm mechanical strength.', 5: 'Rodents are the reservoir for hantavirus.', 6: 'Cells structurally unite to form organisms.'}
| 4 |
3,885 |
['When belgian pralines are different is true, it follows that astronauts float around weightless, sleep standing up and take sponge baths instead of showers.', 'The claim that dynasties are rare in modern sports does not correspond with reality.', 'When the statement, if green plants can make their own food for energy in their leaves and stems, then belgian pralines are different , does not hold is true, it follows that most swimmers have maximum velocity limits.', 'There is good reason to believe that either experiments show habitat quality or a rocket is a vehicle.', 'If experiments show habitat quality, then if most swimmers have maximum velocity limits, then dynasties are rare in modern sports.', 'One may reasonably assume that if a rocket is a vehicle, then if most swimmers have maximum velocity limits, then dynasties are rare in modern sports.']
|
When belgian pralines are different is true, it follows that astronauts float around weightless, sleep standing up and take sponge baths instead of showers. The claim that dynasties are rare in modern sports does not correspond with reality. When the statement, if green plants can make their own food for energy in their leaves and stems, then belgian pralines are different , does not hold is true, it follows that most swimmers have maximum velocity limits. There is good reason to believe that either experiments show habitat quality or a rocket is a vehicle. If experiments show habitat quality, then if most swimmers have maximum velocity limits, then dynasties are rare in modern sports. One may reasonably assume that if a rocket is a vehicle, then if most swimmers have maximum velocity limits, then dynasties are rare in modern sports.
|
Assuming green plants can make their own food for energy in their leaves and stems, we know that astronauts float around weightless, sleep standing up and take sponge baths instead of showers.
|
It is not true that if green plants can make their own food for energy in their leaves and stems, then astronauts float around weightless, sleep standing up and take sponge baths instead of showers.
|
FALSE
|
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [0], then [2]. [SC1-1]
If [2], then [1].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [0], then [2].).), then [3]. [SC1-2]
Not [3].
Therefore, If [0], then [2]..
[SC1-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not (If [0], then [2].).), then [4].
If [4], then [3]. [SC2-3]
Therefore, If (Not (If [0], then [2].).), then [3]..
[SC2-3]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [5] or [6].
If [5], then (If [4], then [3].).
If [6], then (If [4], then [3].).
Therefore, If [4], then [3]..
|
{0: 'Green plants can make their own food for energy in their leaves and stems.', 1: 'Astronauts float around weightless, sleep standing up and take sponge baths instead of showers.', 2: 'Belgian pralines are different .', 3: 'Dynasties are rare in modern sports.', 4: 'Most swimmers have maximum velocity limits.', 5: 'Experiments show habitat quality.', 6: 'A rocket is a vehicle.'}
| 4 |
3,015 |
['Should it be the case that some people mistakenly believe that either cystines are amino acid or nymphs resemble adults but are much smaller and lack fully developed wings, it follows that businessmen devise tests.', 'When some people mistakenly believe that either cystines are amino acid or nymphs resemble adults but are much smaller and lack fully developed wings is true, it follows that it is not true that businessmen devise tests.', "Assuming if flash floods can sweep away everyone and everything in their path, then dust is a common cause of allergies, but it's actually the dust mites that are the culprits, we know that the notion that 'cystines are amino acid' is untrue.", "Assuming situational stress is created from events occuring less often in our lives, we know that the notion that 'cystines are amino acid' is untrue.", "When the statement that states either if flash floods can sweep away everyone and everything in their path, then dust is a common cause of allergies, but it's actually the dust mites that are the culprits or situational stress is created from events occuring less often in our lives is false is true, it follows that fatheads feed on periphyton, zooplankton, insects, waste feed and detritus.", "On the condition that the statement that states either if flash floods can sweep away everyone and everything in their path, then dust is a common cause of allergies, but it's actually the dust mites that are the culprits or situational stress is created from events occuring less often in our lives is false, it is definitely the case that it is not true that fatheads feed on periphyton, zooplankton, insects, waste feed and detritus."]
|
Should it be the case that some people mistakenly believe that either cystines are amino acid or nymphs resemble adults but are much smaller and lack fully developed wings, it follows that businessmen devise tests. When some people mistakenly believe that either cystines are amino acid or nymphs resemble adults but are much smaller and lack fully developed wings is true, it follows that it is not true that businessmen devise tests. Assuming if flash floods can sweep away everyone and everything in their path, then dust is a common cause of allergies, but it's actually the dust mites that are the culprits, we know that the notion that 'cystines are amino acid' is untrue. Assuming situational stress is created from events occuring less often in our lives, we know that the notion that 'cystines are amino acid' is untrue. When the statement that states either if flash floods can sweep away everyone and everything in their path, then dust is a common cause of allergies, but it's actually the dust mites that are the culprits or situational stress is created from events occuring less often in our lives is false is true, it follows that fatheads feed on periphyton, zooplankton, insects, waste feed and detritus. On the condition that the statement that states either if flash floods can sweep away everyone and everything in their path, then dust is a common cause of allergies, but it's actually the dust mites that are the culprits or situational stress is created from events occuring less often in our lives is false, it is definitely the case that it is not true that fatheads feed on periphyton, zooplankton, insects, waste feed and detritus.
|
We can assume that nymphs resemble adults but are much smaller and lack fully developed wings.
|
We can assume that nymphs resemble adults but are much smaller and lack fully developed wings.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then [2].
If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [3], then [4].) or [5]. [SC1-2]
If (If [3], then [4].), then (Not [1].).
If [5], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
[SC1-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either (If [3], then [4].) or [5].).), then [6].
If (Not (Either (If [3], then [4].) or [5].).), then (Not [6].).
Therefore, Either (If [3], then [4].) or [5]..
|
{0: 'Nymphs resemble adults but are much smaller and lack fully developed wings.', 1: 'Cystines are amino acid.', 2: 'Businessmen devise tests.', 3: 'Flash floods can sweep away everyone and everything in their path.', 4: "Dust is a common cause of allergies, but it's actually the dust mites that are the culprits.", 5: 'Situational stress is created from events occuring less often in our lives.', 6: 'Fatheads feed on periphyton, zooplankton, insects, waste feed and detritus.'}
| 4 |
3,493 |
["One may reasonably assume that if the notion that 'any animal model differs in myriad ways from human physiology and pathology' is untrue, then the claim that demons tend to literally kill and eat their way up their hierarchy does not correspond with reality.", 'At least one of two things is true: harassment happens because men think that they can get away with objectifying women at random, or dryness leads to breakage at the quick, peeling, and low breaks along the side of the nails.', "One may reasonably assume that if harassment happens because men think that they can get away with objectifying women at random, then if the notion that 'any animal model differs in myriad ways from human physiology and pathology' is untrue, then demons tend to literally kill and eat their way up their hierarchy.", "On the condition that respiratory therapists are an integral part of the fast-paced world of medicine, it is definitely the case that if dryness leads to breakage at the quick, peeling, and low breaks along the side of the nails, then if the notion that 'any animal model differs in myriad ways from human physiology and pathology' is untrue, then demons tend to literally kill and eat their way up their hierarchy.", "Once we know if green colors represent soils containing salts and more abundant vegetation, then wishs are preference, we also know that if dryness leads to breakage at the quick, peeling, and low breaks along the side of the nails, then if the notion that 'any animal model differs in myriad ways from human physiology and pathology' is untrue, then demons tend to literally kill and eat their way up their hierarchy.", "When the claim that either respiratory therapists are an integral part of the fast-paced world of medicine or if green colors represent soils containing salts and more abundant vegetation, then wishs are preference does not correspond with reality is true, it follows that either snow is minimal, and it's usually melted by mid-morning or idolatry is a grievous sin.", "The claim that either snow is minimal, and it's usually melted by mid-morning or idolatry is a grievous sin is false."]
|
One may reasonably assume that if the notion that 'any animal model differs in myriad ways from human physiology and pathology' is untrue, then the claim that demons tend to literally kill and eat their way up their hierarchy does not correspond with reality. At least one of two things is true: harassment happens because men think that they can get away with objectifying women at random, or dryness leads to breakage at the quick, peeling, and low breaks along the side of the nails. One may reasonably assume that if harassment happens because men think that they can get away with objectifying women at random, then if the notion that 'any animal model differs in myriad ways from human physiology and pathology' is untrue, then demons tend to literally kill and eat their way up their hierarchy. On the condition that respiratory therapists are an integral part of the fast-paced world of medicine, it is definitely the case that if dryness leads to breakage at the quick, peeling, and low breaks along the side of the nails, then if the notion that 'any animal model differs in myriad ways from human physiology and pathology' is untrue, then demons tend to literally kill and eat their way up their hierarchy. Once we know if green colors represent soils containing salts and more abundant vegetation, then wishs are preference, we also know that if dryness leads to breakage at the quick, peeling, and low breaks along the side of the nails, then if the notion that 'any animal model differs in myriad ways from human physiology and pathology' is untrue, then demons tend to literally kill and eat their way up their hierarchy. When the claim that either respiratory therapists are an integral part of the fast-paced world of medicine or if green colors represent soils containing salts and more abundant vegetation, then wishs are preference does not correspond with reality is true, it follows that either snow is minimal, and it's usually melted by mid-morning or idolatry is a grievous sin. The claim that either snow is minimal, and it's usually melted by mid-morning or idolatry is a grievous sin is false.
|
It is fair to say that any animal model differs in myriad ways from human physiology and pathology.
|
The statement 'any animal model differs in myriad ways from human physiology and pathology' can be considered false.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
If [3], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].). [SC3-2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC3-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [4] or (If [5], then [6].). [SC1-3]
If [4], then (If [3], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).).
If (If [5], then [6].), then (If [3], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).).
Therefore, If [3], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].)..
[SC1-3]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [4] or (If [5], then [6].).).), then (Either [7] or [8].).
Not (Either [7] or [8].).
Therefore, Either [4] or (If [5], then [6].)..
|
{0: 'Any animal model differs in myriad ways from human physiology and pathology.', 1: 'Demons tend to literally kill and eat their way up their hierarchy.', 2: 'Harassment happens because men think that they can get away with objectifying women at random.', 3: 'Dryness leads to breakage at the quick, peeling, and low breaks along the side of the nails.', 4: 'Respiratory therapists are an integral part of the fast-paced world of medicine.', 5: 'Green colors represent soils containing salts and more abundant vegetation.', 6: 'Wishs are preference.', 7: "Snow is minimal, and it's usually melted by mid-morning.", 8: 'Idolatry is a grievous sin.'}
| 4 |
3,245 |
['It is a common misconception that mules have skin.', 'Assuming relatives are also lumped together on the basis of descent and gender, we know that either mules have skin or monkeys use patterns.', 'If the claim that relatives are also lumped together on the basis of descent and gender has no merit, then we know that the claim that every society has gays is false.', 'Assuming either macaques are found in Japan or bar lines are lines, we know that if the claim that relatives are also lumped together on the basis of descent and gender has no merit, then every society has gays.', 'It is rational to believe that either macaques are found in Japan or bar lines are lines.']
|
It is a common misconception that mules have skin. Assuming relatives are also lumped together on the basis of descent and gender, we know that either mules have skin or monkeys use patterns. If the claim that relatives are also lumped together on the basis of descent and gender has no merit, then we know that the claim that every society has gays is false. Assuming either macaques are found in Japan or bar lines are lines, we know that if the claim that relatives are also lumped together on the basis of descent and gender has no merit, then every society has gays. It is rational to believe that either macaques are found in Japan or bar lines are lines.
|
It is true that monkeys use patterns.
|
The statement that states monkeys use patterns is false.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Either [1] or [0].).
[2] [SC2-2]
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
[SC2-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [2].), then [3]. [SC1-3]
If (Not [2].), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, [2].
[SC1-3]
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [4] or [5].), then (If (Not [2].), then [3].).
Either [4] or [5].
Therefore, If (Not [2].), then [3]..
|
{0: 'Monkeys use patterns.', 1: 'Mules have skin.', 2: 'Relatives are also lumped together on the basis of descent and gender.', 3: 'Every society has gays.', 4: 'Macaques are found in Japan.', 5: 'Bar lines are lines.'}
| 4 |
3,898 |
["So long as those that suggest acidity is measured on the per-hydrogen, or pH scale are wrong, 'either humans come from common ancestors or energy releases carbon dioxide' is true.", "Whenever it is true that the statement 'if those that suggest acidity is measured on the per-hydrogen, or pH scale are wrong, then the claim that most commercial hydrogen used today is found with or made from fossil fuels such as natural gas does not reflect reality' can be considered false, 'naturists are just ordinary people who enjoy the world of no clothes' is true.", 'The claim that naturists are just ordinary people who enjoy the world of no clothes is false.', "So long as the claim that if either humans come from common ancestors or energy releases carbon dioxide, then most commercial hydrogen used today is found with or made from fossil fuels such as natural gas has no merit, 'if kingship means the responsibility of protecting the nation, then freedom of religion is guaranteed in Ghana' is true.", "Whenever it is true that the claim that if either humans come from common ancestors or energy releases carbon dioxide, then most commercial hydrogen used today is found with or made from fossil fuels such as natural gas has no merit, 'we know that the claim that if kingship means the responsibility of protecting the nation, then freedom of religion is guaranteed in Ghana is false' is true."]
|
So long as those that suggest acidity is measured on the per-hydrogen, or pH scale are wrong, 'either humans come from common ancestors or energy releases carbon dioxide' is true. Whenever it is true that the statement 'if those that suggest acidity is measured on the per-hydrogen, or pH scale are wrong, then the claim that most commercial hydrogen used today is found with or made from fossil fuels such as natural gas does not reflect reality' can be considered false, 'naturists are just ordinary people who enjoy the world of no clothes' is true. The claim that naturists are just ordinary people who enjoy the world of no clothes is false. So long as the claim that if either humans come from common ancestors or energy releases carbon dioxide, then most commercial hydrogen used today is found with or made from fossil fuels such as natural gas has no merit, 'if kingship means the responsibility of protecting the nation, then freedom of religion is guaranteed in Ghana' is true. Whenever it is true that the claim that if either humans come from common ancestors or energy releases carbon dioxide, then most commercial hydrogen used today is found with or made from fossil fuels such as natural gas has no merit, 'we know that the claim that if kingship means the responsibility of protecting the nation, then freedom of religion is guaranteed in Ghana is false' is true.
|
The statement 'acidity is measured on the per-hydrogen, or pH scale' is true.
|
Acidity also preserves the freshness and allows the wine to keep.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [3] or [4].).
If (Either [3] or [4].), then [1]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC2-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Either [3] or [4].), then [1].).), then (If [5], then [6].).
If (Not (If (Either [3] or [4].), then [1].).), then (Not (If [5], then [6].).).
Therefore, If (Either [3] or [4].), then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Acidity is measured on the per-hydrogen, or pH scale.', 1: 'Most commercial hydrogen used today is found with or made from fossil fuels such as natural gas.', 2: 'Naturists are just ordinary people who enjoy the world of no clothes.', 3: 'Humans come from common ancestors.', 4: 'Energy releases carbon dioxide.', 5: 'Kingship means the responsibility of protecting the nation.', 6: 'Freedom of religion is guaranteed in Ghana.'}
| 4 |
3,006 |
['The statement, usability studies show that Web readers tend to skim over information rather than read it, does not hold.', 'There is good reason to believe that either canine distemper is an airborne disease that is highly contagious to domestic ferrets or either a callback is a request or organ meats are repositories of huge amounts of vital vitamins and minerals in a natural form.', 'When canine distemper is an airborne disease that is highly contagious to domestic ferrets is true, it follows that if the statement that states either bacteria demonstrate several types of taxis or pangolins eat diets is false, then usability studies show that Web readers tend to skim over information rather than read it.', 'The claim that a fibroblast is a cell has no merit.', 'When the claim that if it is not true that if either a callback is a request or organ meats are repositories of huge amounts of vital vitamins and minerals in a natural form, then if the statement that states either bacteria demonstrate several types of taxis or pangolins eat diets is false, then usability studies show that Web readers tend to skim over information rather than read it, then a fibroblast is a cell does not reflect reality is true, it follows that if schools experience growth, then plants give sustenance to animals.', 'On the condition that the claim that if it is not true that if either a callback is a request or organ meats are repositories of huge amounts of vital vitamins and minerals in a natural form, then if the statement that states either bacteria demonstrate several types of taxis or pangolins eat diets is false, then usability studies show that Web readers tend to skim over information rather than read it, then a fibroblast is a cell does not reflect reality, it is definitely the case that the statement that states if schools experience growth, then plants give sustenance to animals is false.']
|
The statement, usability studies show that Web readers tend to skim over information rather than read it, does not hold. There is good reason to believe that either canine distemper is an airborne disease that is highly contagious to domestic ferrets or either a callback is a request or organ meats are repositories of huge amounts of vital vitamins and minerals in a natural form. When canine distemper is an airborne disease that is highly contagious to domestic ferrets is true, it follows that if the statement that states either bacteria demonstrate several types of taxis or pangolins eat diets is false, then usability studies show that Web readers tend to skim over information rather than read it. The claim that a fibroblast is a cell has no merit. When the claim that if it is not true that if either a callback is a request or organ meats are repositories of huge amounts of vital vitamins and minerals in a natural form, then if the statement that states either bacteria demonstrate several types of taxis or pangolins eat diets is false, then usability studies show that Web readers tend to skim over information rather than read it, then a fibroblast is a cell does not reflect reality is true, it follows that if schools experience growth, then plants give sustenance to animals. On the condition that the claim that if it is not true that if either a callback is a request or organ meats are repositories of huge amounts of vital vitamins and minerals in a natural form, then if the statement that states either bacteria demonstrate several types of taxis or pangolins eat diets is false, then usability studies show that Web readers tend to skim over information rather than read it, then a fibroblast is a cell does not reflect reality, it is definitely the case that the statement that states if schools experience growth, then plants give sustenance to animals is false.
|
There is good reason to believe that either bacteria demonstrate several types of taxis or pangolins eat diets.
|
At least one of two things is true: bacteria are the only agents that are impacted by mass medication, or pangolins are timid and live alone or in pairs.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2]. [SC1-1]
Not [2].
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or (Either [4] or [5].).
If [3], then (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].).
If (Either [4] or [5].), then (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].). [SC3-2]
Therefore, If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2]..
[SC3-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Either [4] or [5].), then (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].).).), then [6]. [SC1-3]
Not [6].
Therefore, If (Either [4] or [5].), then (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].)..
[SC1-3]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not (If (Either [4] or [5].), then (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].).).), then [6].).), then (If [7], then [8].).
If (Not (If (Not (If (Either [4] or [5].), then (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].).).), then [6].).), then (Not (If [7], then [8].).).
Therefore, If (Not (If (Either [4] or [5].), then (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].).).), then [6]..
|
{0: 'Bacteria demonstrate several types of taxis.', 1: 'Pangolins eat diets.', 2: 'Usability studies show that Web readers tend to skim over information rather than read it.', 3: 'Canine distemper is an airborne disease that is highly contagious to domestic ferrets.', 4: 'A callback is a request.', 5: 'Organ meats are repositories of huge amounts of vital vitamins and minerals in a natural form.', 6: 'A fibroblast is a cell.', 7: 'Schools experience growth.', 8: 'Plants give sustenance to animals.'}
| 4 |
3,613 |
['The claim that either different soots come from burning different fuels or rhinos have lower teeth is false.', 'Assuming we know that the claim that if the claim that badgers walk on the soles of their feet much like bears, showing five toes in their footprints does not reflect reality, then either different soots come from burning different fuels or rhinos have lower teeth is false, we know that the claim that umbilical hernia is herniation is false.', 'When the claim that if we know that the claim that if the claim that badgers walk on the soles of their feet much like bears, showing five toes in their footprints does not reflect reality, then either different soots come from burning different fuels or rhinos have lower teeth is false, then umbilical hernia is herniation does not reflect reality is true, it follows that rats have cannulas placed in jugular vein, common bile duct, and bladder.', 'If the claim that if we know that the claim that if the claim that badgers walk on the soles of their feet much like bears, showing five toes in their footprints does not reflect reality, then either different soots come from burning different fuels or rhinos have lower teeth is false, then umbilical hernia is herniation does not reflect reality, then either multicellular plants contain chlorophyll or e ngineering is one of the older and more respected professions.', 'When either multicellular plants contain chlorophyll or e ngineering is one of the older and more respected professions is true, it follows that the statement that states rats have cannulas placed in jugular vein, common bile duct, and bladder is false.']
|
The claim that either different soots come from burning different fuels or rhinos have lower teeth is false. Assuming we know that the claim that if the claim that badgers walk on the soles of their feet much like bears, showing five toes in their footprints does not reflect reality, then either different soots come from burning different fuels or rhinos have lower teeth is false, we know that the claim that umbilical hernia is herniation is false. When the claim that if we know that the claim that if the claim that badgers walk on the soles of their feet much like bears, showing five toes in their footprints does not reflect reality, then either different soots come from burning different fuels or rhinos have lower teeth is false, then umbilical hernia is herniation does not reflect reality is true, it follows that rats have cannulas placed in jugular vein, common bile duct, and bladder. If the claim that if we know that the claim that if the claim that badgers walk on the soles of their feet much like bears, showing five toes in their footprints does not reflect reality, then either different soots come from burning different fuels or rhinos have lower teeth is false, then umbilical hernia is herniation does not reflect reality, then either multicellular plants contain chlorophyll or e ngineering is one of the older and more respected professions. When either multicellular plants contain chlorophyll or e ngineering is one of the older and more respected professions is true, it follows that the statement that states rats have cannulas placed in jugular vein, common bile duct, and bladder is false.
|
We can assume that badgers walk on the soles of their feet much like bears, showing five toes in their footprints.
|
Most badgers survive in habitats.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].). [SC1-1]
Not (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).).), then [3]. [SC1-2]
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].)..
[SC1-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).).), then [3].).), then [4].
If (Not (If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).).), then [3].).), then (Not [4].). [SC2-3]
Therefore, If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).).), then [3]..
[SC2-3]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not (If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).).), then [3].).), then (Either [5] or [6].).
If (Either [5] or [6].), then (Not [4].).
Therefore, If (Not (If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).).), then [3].).), then (Not [4].)..
|
{0: 'Badgers walk on the soles of their feet much like bears, showing five toes in their footprints.', 1: 'Different soots come from burning different fuels.', 2: 'Rhinos have lower teeth.', 3: 'Umbilical hernia is herniation.', 4: 'Rats have cannulas placed in jugular vein, common bile duct, and bladder.', 5: 'Multicellular plants contain chlorophyll.', 6: 'E ngineering is one of the older and more respected professions.'}
| 4 |
3,533 |
["So long as aardvarks are nocturnal , which means they are awake at night and asleep during the day , 'mouthparts have beaks' is true.", 'Should it be the case that evangelicalism prides itself on the centrality of the gospel and of salvation, it follows that mouthparts have beaks.', 'On the condition that we know that the claim that either aardvarks are nocturnal , which means they are awake at night and asleep during the day or evangelicalism prides itself on the centrality of the gospel and of salvation is false, it is definitely the case that many women are concerned about the exposure to x-rays during mammography.', 'It is not the case that whistles are wind instruments.', "Should it be the case that those that suggest either whistles are wind instruments or if we know that the claim that either aardvarks are nocturnal , which means they are awake at night and asleep during the day or evangelicalism prides itself on the centrality of the gospel and of salvation is false, then the statement that 'many women are concerned about the exposure to x-rays during mammography' is incorrect are wrong, it follows that either bacteria are prokaryotes because they lack a clearly defined nucleus and sub-cellular organelles or depressions lead to illnesses.", "One may reasonably assume that if those that suggest either whistles are wind instruments or if we know that the claim that either aardvarks are nocturnal , which means they are awake at night and asleep during the day or evangelicalism prides itself on the centrality of the gospel and of salvation is false, then the statement that 'many women are concerned about the exposure to x-rays during mammography' is incorrect are wrong, then we know that the claim that either bacteria are prokaryotes because they lack a clearly defined nucleus and sub-cellular organelles or depressions lead to illnesses is false."]
|
So long as aardvarks are nocturnal , which means they are awake at night and asleep during the day , 'mouthparts have beaks' is true. Should it be the case that evangelicalism prides itself on the centrality of the gospel and of salvation, it follows that mouthparts have beaks. On the condition that we know that the claim that either aardvarks are nocturnal , which means they are awake at night and asleep during the day or evangelicalism prides itself on the centrality of the gospel and of salvation is false, it is definitely the case that many women are concerned about the exposure to x-rays during mammography. It is not the case that whistles are wind instruments. Should it be the case that those that suggest either whistles are wind instruments or if we know that the claim that either aardvarks are nocturnal , which means they are awake at night and asleep during the day or evangelicalism prides itself on the centrality of the gospel and of salvation is false, then the statement that 'many women are concerned about the exposure to x-rays during mammography' is incorrect are wrong, it follows that either bacteria are prokaryotes because they lack a clearly defined nucleus and sub-cellular organelles or depressions lead to illnesses. One may reasonably assume that if those that suggest either whistles are wind instruments or if we know that the claim that either aardvarks are nocturnal , which means they are awake at night and asleep during the day or evangelicalism prides itself on the centrality of the gospel and of salvation is false, then the statement that 'many women are concerned about the exposure to x-rays during mammography' is incorrect are wrong, then we know that the claim that either bacteria are prokaryotes because they lack a clearly defined nucleus and sub-cellular organelles or depressions lead to illnesses is false.
|
The statement 'mouthparts have beaks' is true.
|
The statement that states mouthparts have beaks is false.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then [3].
If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then (Not [3].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
[SC2-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [4] or (If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then (Not [3].).). [SC1-3]
Not [4].
Therefore, If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then (Not [3].)..
[SC1-3]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [4] or (If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then (Not [3].).).).), then (Either [5] or [6].).
If (Not (Either [4] or (If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then (Not [3].).).).), then (Not (Either [5] or [6].).).
Therefore, Either [4] or (If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then (Not [3].).)..
|
{0: 'Mouthparts have beaks.', 1: 'Aardvarks are nocturnal , which means they are awake at night and asleep during the day .', 2: 'Evangelicalism prides itself on the centrality of the gospel and of salvation.', 3: 'Many women are concerned about the exposure to x-rays during mammography.', 4: 'Whistles are wind instruments.', 5: 'Bacteria are prokaryotes because they lack a clearly defined nucleus and sub-cellular organelles.', 6: 'Depressions lead to illnesses.'}
| 4 |
3,397 |
['It is rational to believe that either most fleas feed on hosts or cricket is played with a flat bat and a round leather covered ball.', "One may reasonably assume that if the notion that 'if most fleas feed on hosts, then we know that the claim that some dholes inhabit rainforests is false' is untrue, then most milk contains vitamins.", 'We know that the claim that most milk contains vitamins is false.', 'Many people rightly believe that reproduction isa process.', "Should it be the case that the claim that if reproduction isa process, then if cricket is played with a flat bat and a round leather covered ball, then we know that the claim that some dholes inhabit rainforests is false does not correspond with reality, it follows that if bedding is the name for the 'safe' material that the worms live in, then rough pavement has higher skid resistance than smooth or flushed pavements.", "It is not the case that if bedding is the name for the 'safe' material that the worms live in, then rough pavement has higher skid resistance than smooth or flushed pavements."]
|
It is rational to believe that either most fleas feed on hosts or cricket is played with a flat bat and a round leather covered ball. One may reasonably assume that if the notion that 'if most fleas feed on hosts, then we know that the claim that some dholes inhabit rainforests is false' is untrue, then most milk contains vitamins. We know that the claim that most milk contains vitamins is false. Many people rightly believe that reproduction isa process. Should it be the case that the claim that if reproduction isa process, then if cricket is played with a flat bat and a round leather covered ball, then we know that the claim that some dholes inhabit rainforests is false does not correspond with reality, it follows that if bedding is the name for the 'safe' material that the worms live in, then rough pavement has higher skid resistance than smooth or flushed pavements. It is not the case that if bedding is the name for the 'safe' material that the worms live in, then rough pavement has higher skid resistance than smooth or flushed pavements.
|
We know that the claim that some dholes inhabit rainforests is false.
|
The claim that a dhole is a wild dog has no merit.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then (Not [0].). [SC2-1]
If [2], then (Not [0].). [SC3-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [1], then (Not [0].).).), then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, If [1], then (Not [0].)..
[SC3-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If [2], then (Not [0].).). [SC1-2]
[3]
Therefore, If [2], then (Not [0].)..
[SC1-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [3], then (If [2], then (Not [0].).).).), then (If [5], then [6].).
Not (If [5], then [6].).
Therefore, If [3], then (If [2], then (Not [0].).)..
|
{0: 'Some dholes inhabit rainforests.', 1: 'Most fleas feed on hosts.', 2: 'Cricket is played with a flat bat and a round leather covered ball.', 3: 'Reproduction isa process.', 4: 'Most milk contains vitamins.', 5: "Bedding is the name for the 'safe' material that the worms live in.", 6: 'Rough pavement has higher skid resistance than smooth or flushed pavements.'}
| 4 |
3,721 |
["So long as the claim that if the statement that states if small farmers produce a much smaller proportion of total production than do large farmers, then sleepers are coins that are undervalued in terms of their relative rarity is false, then ducks use the islands in the marshes as places to loaf has no merit, 'chimpanzees make noise' is true.", 'We know that at least one of two things is true: some scientists use speed cameras, or some insects fold, roll, or tie leaves together for a protective cover.', "When some scientists use speed cameras is true, it follows that if the statement that states if small farmers produce a much smaller proportion of total production than do large farmers, then sleepers are coins that are undervalued in terms of their relative rarity is false, then the statement that 'ducks use the islands in the marshes as places to loaf' is incorrect.", "Assuming some insects fold, roll, or tie leaves together for a protective cover, we know that if the statement that states if small farmers produce a much smaller proportion of total production than do large farmers, then sleepers are coins that are undervalued in terms of their relative rarity is false, then the statement that 'ducks use the islands in the marshes as places to loaf' is incorrect.", 'Once we know the statement that states if the claim that if the statement that states if small farmers produce a much smaller proportion of total production than do large farmers, then sleepers are coins that are undervalued in terms of their relative rarity is false, then ducks use the islands in the marshes as places to loaf has no merit, then the claim that chimpanzees make noise does not correspond with reality is false, we also know that most energy passes through surfaces.', "On the condition that the statement that states if the claim that if the statement that states if small farmers produce a much smaller proportion of total production than do large farmers, then sleepers are coins that are undervalued in terms of their relative rarity is false, then ducks use the islands in the marshes as places to loaf has no merit, then the claim that chimpanzees make noise does not correspond with reality is false, it is definitely the case that the statement that 'most energy passes through surfaces' is incorrect."]
|
So long as the claim that if the statement that states if small farmers produce a much smaller proportion of total production than do large farmers, then sleepers are coins that are undervalued in terms of their relative rarity is false, then ducks use the islands in the marshes as places to loaf has no merit, 'chimpanzees make noise' is true. We know that at least one of two things is true: some scientists use speed cameras, or some insects fold, roll, or tie leaves together for a protective cover. When some scientists use speed cameras is true, it follows that if the statement that states if small farmers produce a much smaller proportion of total production than do large farmers, then sleepers are coins that are undervalued in terms of their relative rarity is false, then the statement that 'ducks use the islands in the marshes as places to loaf' is incorrect. Assuming some insects fold, roll, or tie leaves together for a protective cover, we know that if the statement that states if small farmers produce a much smaller proportion of total production than do large farmers, then sleepers are coins that are undervalued in terms of their relative rarity is false, then the statement that 'ducks use the islands in the marshes as places to loaf' is incorrect. Once we know the statement that states if the claim that if the statement that states if small farmers produce a much smaller proportion of total production than do large farmers, then sleepers are coins that are undervalued in terms of their relative rarity is false, then ducks use the islands in the marshes as places to loaf has no merit, then the claim that chimpanzees make noise does not correspond with reality is false, we also know that most energy passes through surfaces. On the condition that the statement that states if the claim that if the statement that states if small farmers produce a much smaller proportion of total production than do large farmers, then sleepers are coins that are undervalued in terms of their relative rarity is false, then ducks use the islands in the marshes as places to loaf has no merit, then the claim that chimpanzees make noise does not correspond with reality is false, it is definitely the case that the statement that 'most energy passes through surfaces' is incorrect.
|
Assuming small farmers produce a much smaller proportion of total production than do large farmers, we know that sleepers are coins that are undervalued in terms of their relative rarity.
|
Assuming small farmers produce a much smaller proportion of total production than do large farmers, we know that sleepers are coins that are undervalued in terms of their relative rarity.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2]. [SC1-1]
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].).), then [5].
If (Not (If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].).), then (Not [5].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2]..
[SC2-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not (If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].).), then (Not [5].).).), then [6].
If (Not (If (Not (If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].).), then (Not [5].).).), then (Not [6].).
Therefore, If (Not (If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].).), then (Not [5].)..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].).).
If [4], then (If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].).).
Therefore, If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].)..
|
{0: 'Small farmers produce a much smaller proportion of total production than do large farmers.', 1: 'Sleepers are coins that are undervalued in terms of their relative rarity.', 2: 'Ducks use the islands in the marshes as places to loaf.', 3: 'Some scientists use speed cameras.', 4: 'Some insects fold, roll, or tie leaves together for a protective cover.', 5: 'Chimpanzees make noise.', 6: 'Most energy passes through surfaces.'}
| 4 |
3,858 |
["So long as the statement 'if it is a common misconception that paper is a kind of felt made of overlapping fibers, then either birds walk, run, hop, swim, perch, cling, fly and even dig or magnesium intake has calm effects' can be considered false, 'either some traps work on the principle that many insects are attracted to light or white oak is one of our longest lived trees' is true.", 'If some people mistakenly believe that if it is a common misconception that paper is a kind of felt made of overlapping fibers, then it is a common misconception that either birds walk, run, hop, swim, perch, cling, fly and even dig or magnesium intake has calm effects, then crabs have (part) skulls.', 'The statement that states crabs have (part) skulls is false.', "Provided that the statement 'if it is a common misconception that paper is a kind of felt made of overlapping fibers, then either birds walk, run, hop, swim, perch, cling, fly and even dig or magnesium intake has calm effects' can be considered false, we know that ethidium bromide is very carcinogenic.", 'When ethidium bromide is very carcinogenic is true, it follows that the claim that either some traps work on the principle that many insects are attracted to light or white oak is one of our longest lived trees does not reflect reality.']
|
So long as the statement 'if it is a common misconception that paper is a kind of felt made of overlapping fibers, then either birds walk, run, hop, swim, perch, cling, fly and even dig or magnesium intake has calm effects' can be considered false, 'either some traps work on the principle that many insects are attracted to light or white oak is one of our longest lived trees' is true. If some people mistakenly believe that if it is a common misconception that paper is a kind of felt made of overlapping fibers, then it is a common misconception that either birds walk, run, hop, swim, perch, cling, fly and even dig or magnesium intake has calm effects, then crabs have (part) skulls. The statement that states crabs have (part) skulls is false. Provided that the statement 'if it is a common misconception that paper is a kind of felt made of overlapping fibers, then either birds walk, run, hop, swim, perch, cling, fly and even dig or magnesium intake has calm effects' can be considered false, we know that ethidium bromide is very carcinogenic. When ethidium bromide is very carcinogenic is true, it follows that the claim that either some traps work on the principle that many insects are attracted to light or white oak is one of our longest lived trees does not reflect reality.
|
The statement 'paper is a kind of felt made of overlapping fibers' can be considered true.
|
The statement that states paper is a kind of felt made of overlapping fibers is false.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].). [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).).), then (Either [4] or [5].).
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).).), then (Not (Either [4] or [5].).). [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].)..
[SC2-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).).), then [6].
If [6], then (Not (Either [4] or [5].).).
Therefore, If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).).), then (Not (Either [4] or [5].).)..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).).), then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).)..
|
{0: 'Paper is a kind of felt made of overlapping fibers.', 1: 'Birds walk, run, hop, swim, perch, cling, fly and even dig.', 2: 'Magnesium intake has calm effects.', 3: 'Crabs have (part) skulls.', 4: 'Some traps work on the principle that many insects are attracted to light.', 5: 'White oak is one of our longest lived trees.', 6: 'Ethidium bromide is very carcinogenic.'}
| 4 |
3,691 |
['Should it be the case that it is not the case that either owls normally hide excess food and get back to find and consume later or capybaras dive into water, it follows that either bees also have three simple eyes, called ocelli, that are grouped together near the top of the head or every home goes through a life cycle.', "On the condition that most animals do however stay away from the hagfish since they risk being suffocated by the slime, it is definitely the case that the statement that 'owls normally hide excess food and get back to find and consume later' is incorrect.", 'most animals do however stay away from the hagfish since they risk being suffocated by the slime.', 'Should it be the case that the statement that states if it is not the case that either owls normally hide excess food and get back to find and consume later or capybaras dive into water, then it is not true that either bees also have three simple eyes, called ocelli, that are grouped together near the top of the head or every home goes through a life cycle is false, it follows that if minced food is cut into smaller, finer pieces than diced food, then hydroxyzine is one of the most effective but often causes drowsiness.', 'The statement that states if minced food is cut into smaller, finer pieces than diced food, then hydroxyzine is one of the most effective but often causes drowsiness is false.']
|
Should it be the case that it is not the case that either owls normally hide excess food and get back to find and consume later or capybaras dive into water, it follows that either bees also have three simple eyes, called ocelli, that are grouped together near the top of the head or every home goes through a life cycle. On the condition that most animals do however stay away from the hagfish since they risk being suffocated by the slime, it is definitely the case that the statement that 'owls normally hide excess food and get back to find and consume later' is incorrect. most animals do however stay away from the hagfish since they risk being suffocated by the slime. Should it be the case that the statement that states if it is not the case that either owls normally hide excess food and get back to find and consume later or capybaras dive into water, then it is not true that either bees also have three simple eyes, called ocelli, that are grouped together near the top of the head or every home goes through a life cycle is false, it follows that if minced food is cut into smaller, finer pieces than diced food, then hydroxyzine is one of the most effective but often causes drowsiness. The statement that states if minced food is cut into smaller, finer pieces than diced food, then hydroxyzine is one of the most effective but often causes drowsiness is false.
|
We can assume that capybaras dive into water.
|
Capybaras have (part) cell membranes.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then (Either [2] or [3].).
If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then (Not (Either [2] or [3].).). [SC2-2]
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then (Not (Either [2] or [3].).).).), then (If [5], then [6].).
Not (If [5], then [6].).
Therefore, If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then (Not (Either [2] or [3].).)..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (Not [1].).
[4]
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Capybaras dive into water.', 1: 'Owls normally hide excess food and get back to find and consume later.', 2: 'Bees also have three simple eyes, called ocelli, that are grouped together near the top of the head.', 3: 'Every home goes through a life cycle.', 4: 'Most animals do however stay away from the hagfish since they risk being suffocated by the slime.', 5: 'Minced food is cut into smaller, finer pieces than diced food.', 6: 'Hydroxyzine is one of the most effective but often causes drowsiness.'}
| 4 |
3,104 |
['At least one of two things is true: nurses can also reduce afterload by helping patients control pain and anxiety, or some organizations have breeds.', "Whenever it is true that nurses can also reduce afterload by helping patients control pain and anxiety, 'sweet potato ranks the seventh crop, just after cassava' is true.", "So long as some organizations have breeds, 'many species produce greenish yellow to bluish soluble pigments in the medium, some are fluorescent' is true.", 'It is rational to believe that either tourists spend billions when they travel to countries or motor fiber is fibre.', 'Given that tourists spend billions when they travel to countries, it can be inferred that the statement that states sweet potato ranks the seventh crop, just after cassava is false.', 'Provided that if bottom ash offers good physical chemical characteristics to replace conventional materials, then cigarette smoke is biologically active, we know that if motor fiber is fibre, then the statement that states sweet potato ranks the seventh crop, just after cassava is false.', 'If bottom ash offers good physical chemical characteristics to replace conventional materials, then cigarette smoke is biologically active.']
|
At least one of two things is true: nurses can also reduce afterload by helping patients control pain and anxiety, or some organizations have breeds. Whenever it is true that nurses can also reduce afterload by helping patients control pain and anxiety, 'sweet potato ranks the seventh crop, just after cassava' is true. So long as some organizations have breeds, 'many species produce greenish yellow to bluish soluble pigments in the medium, some are fluorescent' is true. It is rational to believe that either tourists spend billions when they travel to countries or motor fiber is fibre. Given that tourists spend billions when they travel to countries, it can be inferred that the statement that states sweet potato ranks the seventh crop, just after cassava is false. Provided that if bottom ash offers good physical chemical characteristics to replace conventional materials, then cigarette smoke is biologically active, we know that if motor fiber is fibre, then the statement that states sweet potato ranks the seventh crop, just after cassava is false. If bottom ash offers good physical chemical characteristics to replace conventional materials, then cigarette smoke is biologically active.
|
It is the case that many species produce greenish yellow to bluish soluble pigments in the medium, some are fluorescent.
|
Most species have very little tolerance to drought and are restricted in moist and protected areas.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [4] or [5].
If [4], then [1].
If [5], then [0].
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (Not [1].).
If [3], then (Not [1].). [SC3-2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
[SC3-2]
Modus Ponens:
If (If [6], then [7].), then (If [3], then (Not [1].).).
If [6], then [7].
Therefore, If [3], then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Many species produce greenish yellow to bluish soluble pigments in the medium, some are fluorescent.', 1: 'Sweet potato ranks the seventh crop, just after cassava.', 2: 'Tourists spend billions when they travel to countries.', 3: 'Motor fiber is fibre.', 4: 'Nurses can also reduce afterload by helping patients control pain and anxiety.', 5: 'Some organizations have breeds.', 6: 'Bottom ash offers good physical chemical characteristics to replace conventional materials.', 7: 'Cigarette smoke is biologically active.'}
| 4 |
3,303 |
['It is a common misconception that numeric filing includes straight numeric, decimal and chronological filing systems.', 'pages include information.', "It is a fact that either either tobacco companies are under fire as a result of data that shows young smokers' brand preferences or vegetation consists mainly of emergent species or stocks decline The crude price decline had a predictable effect on the stocks of energy companies.", 'When stocks decline The crude price decline had a predictable effect on the stocks of energy companies is true, it follows that if pages include information, then if it is not true that if freshwater fish produce large volumes of dilute urine, which is low in salt, then stress is one of the major occupational health problems facing workers, then numeric filing includes straight numeric, decimal and chronological filing systems.', "If the claim that if either tobacco companies are under fire as a result of data that shows young smokers' brand preferences or vegetation consists mainly of emergent species, then if pages include information, then if it is not true that if freshwater fish produce large volumes of dilute urine, which is low in salt, then stress is one of the major occupational health problems facing workers, then numeric filing includes straight numeric, decimal and chronological filing systems does not reflect reality, then rED stimulates the creative right hemisphere of the brain.", 'Those that suggest rED stimulates the creative right hemisphere of the brain are wrong.']
|
It is a common misconception that numeric filing includes straight numeric, decimal and chronological filing systems. pages include information. It is a fact that either either tobacco companies are under fire as a result of data that shows young smokers' brand preferences or vegetation consists mainly of emergent species or stocks decline The crude price decline had a predictable effect on the stocks of energy companies. When stocks decline The crude price decline had a predictable effect on the stocks of energy companies is true, it follows that if pages include information, then if it is not true that if freshwater fish produce large volumes of dilute urine, which is low in salt, then stress is one of the major occupational health problems facing workers, then numeric filing includes straight numeric, decimal and chronological filing systems. If the claim that if either tobacco companies are under fire as a result of data that shows young smokers' brand preferences or vegetation consists mainly of emergent species, then if pages include information, then if it is not true that if freshwater fish produce large volumes of dilute urine, which is low in salt, then stress is one of the major occupational health problems facing workers, then numeric filing includes straight numeric, decimal and chronological filing systems does not reflect reality, then rED stimulates the creative right hemisphere of the brain. Those that suggest rED stimulates the creative right hemisphere of the brain are wrong.
|
When freshwater fish produce large volumes of dilute urine, which is low in salt is true, it follows that stress is one of the major occupational health problems facing workers.
|
Assuming most mammals eat diets, we know that stress is one of the major occupational health problems facing workers.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2]. [SC1-1]
Not [2].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].). [SC1-2]
[3]
Therefore, If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2]..
[SC1-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [4] or [5].) or [6].
If (Either [4] or [5].), then (If [3], then (If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].).). [SC2-3]
If [6], then (If [3], then (If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].).).
Therefore, If [3], then (If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].)..
[SC2-3]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Either [4] or [5].), then (If [3], then (If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].).).).), then [7].
Not [7].
Therefore, If (Either [4] or [5].), then (If [3], then (If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].).)..
|
{0: 'Freshwater fish produce large volumes of dilute urine, which is low in salt.', 1: 'Stress is one of the major occupational health problems facing workers.', 2: 'Numeric filing includes straight numeric, decimal and chronological filing systems.', 3: 'Pages include information.', 4: "Tobacco companies are under fire as a result of data that shows young smokers' brand preferences.", 5: 'Vegetation consists mainly of emergent species.', 6: 'Stocks decline The crude price decline had a predictable effect on the stocks of energy companies.', 7: 'RED stimulates the creative right hemisphere of the brain.'}
| 4 |
3,549 |
['The statement that states animals are creatures that are born, grow up and die is false.', 'We know that either cancer occurs when cells become abnormal, divide and form more cells without control or order or if tobacco contains nicotine, an addictive substance that makes smoking difficult to give up, then lipomas are always benign.', "When if tobacco contains nicotine, an addictive substance that makes smoking difficult to give up, then lipomas are always benign is true, it follows that if the statement that 'dopamine controls our sense of accomplishment and the cycle of addiction' is incorrect, then animals are creatures that are born, grow up and die.", "The statement 'age is a determining factor in taste' is true.", 'Given that age is a determining factor in taste, it can be inferred that if memory is in the muscles, then a cootie is a louse.', "One may reasonably assume that if if memory is in the muscles, then a cootie is a louse, then if cancer occurs when cells become abnormal, divide and form more cells without control or order, then if the statement that 'dopamine controls our sense of accomplishment and the cycle of addiction' is incorrect, then animals are creatures that are born, grow up and die."]
|
The statement that states animals are creatures that are born, grow up and die is false. We know that either cancer occurs when cells become abnormal, divide and form more cells without control or order or if tobacco contains nicotine, an addictive substance that makes smoking difficult to give up, then lipomas are always benign. When if tobacco contains nicotine, an addictive substance that makes smoking difficult to give up, then lipomas are always benign is true, it follows that if the statement that 'dopamine controls our sense of accomplishment and the cycle of addiction' is incorrect, then animals are creatures that are born, grow up and die. The statement 'age is a determining factor in taste' is true. Given that age is a determining factor in taste, it can be inferred that if memory is in the muscles, then a cootie is a louse. One may reasonably assume that if if memory is in the muscles, then a cootie is a louse, then if cancer occurs when cells become abnormal, divide and form more cells without control or order, then if the statement that 'dopamine controls our sense of accomplishment and the cycle of addiction' is incorrect, then animals are creatures that are born, grow up and die.
|
We can assume that dopamine controls our sense of accomplishment and the cycle of addiction.
|
Dopamine brings on feelings of euphoria which helps to explain why cocaine users keep using.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or (If [3], then [4].).
If [2], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].). [SC2-2]
If (If [3], then [4].), then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [5], then (If [2], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).). [SC1-3]
[5]
Therefore, If [2], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].)..
[SC1-3]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [5], then (If [6], then [7].).
If (If [6], then [7].), then (If [2], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).).
Therefore, If [5], then (If [2], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).)..
|
{0: 'Dopamine controls our sense of accomplishment and the cycle of addiction.', 1: 'Animals are creatures that are born, grow up and die.', 2: 'Cancer occurs when cells become abnormal, divide and form more cells without control or order.', 3: 'Tobacco contains nicotine, an addictive substance that makes smoking difficult to give up.', 4: 'Lipomas are always benign.', 5: 'Age is a determining factor in taste.', 6: 'Memory is in the muscles.', 7: 'A cootie is a louse.'}
| 4 |
3,729 |
['If the statement that states sports require officials is false, then cells die when ice crystals grow too large and damage cell walls.', 'Once we know those that suggest if the statement that states sports require officials is false, then it is not the case that cells die when ice crystals grow too large and damage cell walls are wrong, we also know that most stomachs produce digestive enzymes.', 'When most stomachs produce digestive enzymes is true, it follows that if some drugs used for the treatment of mental illness can have an effect on the thyroid gland, then sugary foods are usually low in nutrients and supply unnecessary calories.', "So long as the statement that states if those that suggest if the statement that states sports require officials is false, then it is not the case that cells die when ice crystals grow too large and damage cell walls are wrong, then the statement 'if some drugs used for the treatment of mental illness can have an effect on the thyroid gland, then sugary foods are usually low in nutrients and supply unnecessary calories' can be considered false is false, 'cannibalism is a prevalent problem in chicken and game bird flocks' is true.", "So long as the statement that states if those that suggest if the statement that states sports require officials is false, then it is not the case that cells die when ice crystals grow too large and damage cell walls are wrong, then the statement 'if some drugs used for the treatment of mental illness can have an effect on the thyroid gland, then sugary foods are usually low in nutrients and supply unnecessary calories' can be considered false is false, 'it is a common misconception that cannibalism is a prevalent problem in chicken and game bird flocks' is true."]
|
If the statement that states sports require officials is false, then cells die when ice crystals grow too large and damage cell walls. Once we know those that suggest if the statement that states sports require officials is false, then it is not the case that cells die when ice crystals grow too large and damage cell walls are wrong, we also know that most stomachs produce digestive enzymes. When most stomachs produce digestive enzymes is true, it follows that if some drugs used for the treatment of mental illness can have an effect on the thyroid gland, then sugary foods are usually low in nutrients and supply unnecessary calories. So long as the statement that states if those that suggest if the statement that states sports require officials is false, then it is not the case that cells die when ice crystals grow too large and damage cell walls are wrong, then the statement 'if some drugs used for the treatment of mental illness can have an effect on the thyroid gland, then sugary foods are usually low in nutrients and supply unnecessary calories' can be considered false is false, 'cannibalism is a prevalent problem in chicken and game bird flocks' is true. So long as the statement that states if those that suggest if the statement that states sports require officials is false, then it is not the case that cells die when ice crystals grow too large and damage cell walls are wrong, then the statement 'if some drugs used for the treatment of mental illness can have an effect on the thyroid gland, then sugary foods are usually low in nutrients and supply unnecessary calories' can be considered false is false, 'it is a common misconception that cannibalism is a prevalent problem in chicken and game bird flocks' is true.
|
It is fair to say that sports require officials.
|
Sports are one of the playgrounds of life.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).), then (If [2], then [3].). [SC1-2]
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).), then (Not (If [2], then [3].).). [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
[SC1-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).), then [5].
If [5], then (If [2], then [3].).
Therefore, If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).), then (If [2], then [3].)..
[SC2-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).), then (Not (If [2], then [3].).).).), then [4].
If (Not (If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).), then (Not (If [2], then [3].).).).), then (Not [4].).
Therefore, If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).), then (Not (If [2], then [3].).)..
|
{0: 'Sports require officials.', 1: 'Cells die when ice crystals grow too large and damage cell walls.', 2: 'Some drugs used for the treatment of mental illness can have an effect on the thyroid gland.', 3: 'Sugary foods are usually low in nutrients and supply unnecessary calories.', 4: 'Cannibalism is a prevalent problem in chicken and game bird flocks.', 5: 'Most stomachs produce digestive enzymes.'}
| 4 |
3,208 |
['When the statement that states frequent fires inhibit invasion of trees is false is true, it follows that technology has military applications.', 'Those that suggest virginity is a physical, moral, and intellectual safeguard to young men are wrong.', 'Those that suggest population is the leading cause of environmental degradation are right.', 'One may reasonably assume that if it is not the case that if population is the leading cause of environmental degradation, then if technology has military applications, then virginity is a physical, moral, and intellectual safeguard to young men, then most spot hyenas grab prey.', 'The claim that most spot hyenas grab prey does not reflect reality.']
|
When the statement that states frequent fires inhibit invasion of trees is false is true, it follows that technology has military applications. Those that suggest virginity is a physical, moral, and intellectual safeguard to young men are wrong. Those that suggest population is the leading cause of environmental degradation are right. One may reasonably assume that if it is not the case that if population is the leading cause of environmental degradation, then if technology has military applications, then virginity is a physical, moral, and intellectual safeguard to young men, then most spot hyenas grab prey. The claim that most spot hyenas grab prey does not reflect reality.
|
The idea that frequent fires inhibit invasion of trees is true.
|
The idea that frequent fires inhibit invasion of trees is true.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [1], then [2]. [SC1-2]
Not [2].
Therefore, Not [1]..
[SC1-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If [1], then [2].). [SC1-3]
[3]
Therefore, If [1], then [2]..
[SC1-3]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [3], then (If [1], then [2].).).), then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, If [3], then (If [1], then [2].)..
|
{0: 'Frequent fires inhibit invasion of trees.', 1: 'Technology has military applications.', 2: 'Virginity is a physical, moral, and intellectual safeguard to young men.', 3: 'Population is the leading cause of environmental degradation.', 4: 'Most spot hyenas grab prey.'}
| 4 |
3,302 |
['We know that either most water affects growth or ringtails have (part) faces.', "Whenever it is true that ringtails have (part) faces, 'some muntjacs have seasons' is true.", 'We know that at least one of two things is true: most herbivorous arthropods expend energy, or some oryxes die of starvation.', 'One may reasonably assume that if most herbivorous arthropods expend energy, then if most water affects growth, then some muntjacs have seasons.', "Provided that the statement that 'if some oryxes die of starvation, then if most water affects growth, then some muntjacs have seasons' is incorrect, we know that mammals have a jawbone composed solely of the dentary.", 'It is a fact that either some mountains have mosaic or the claim that mammals have a jawbone composed solely of the dentary does not correspond with reality.', "The statement 'some mountains have mosaic' can be considered false."]
|
We know that either most water affects growth or ringtails have (part) faces. Whenever it is true that ringtails have (part) faces, 'some muntjacs have seasons' is true. We know that at least one of two things is true: most herbivorous arthropods expend energy, or some oryxes die of starvation. One may reasonably assume that if most herbivorous arthropods expend energy, then if most water affects growth, then some muntjacs have seasons. Provided that the statement that 'if some oryxes die of starvation, then if most water affects growth, then some muntjacs have seasons' is incorrect, we know that mammals have a jawbone composed solely of the dentary. It is a fact that either some mountains have mosaic or the claim that mammals have a jawbone composed solely of the dentary does not correspond with reality. The statement 'some mountains have mosaic' can be considered false.
|
Many people rightly believe that some muntjacs have seasons.
|
Many people rightly believe that some muntjacs have seasons.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (If [1], then [0].).
If [4], then (If [1], then [0].). [SC3-2]
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC3-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [4], then (If [1], then [0].).).), then [5].
Not [5]. [SC2-3]
Therefore, If [4], then (If [1], then [0].)..
[SC2-3]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [6] or (Not [5].).
Not [6].
Therefore, Not [5]..
|
{0: 'Some muntjacs have seasons.', 1: 'Most water affects growth.', 2: 'Ringtails have (part) faces.', 3: 'Most herbivorous arthropods expend energy.', 4: 'Some oryxes die of starvation.', 5: 'Mammals have a jawbone composed solely of the dentary.', 6: 'Some mountains have mosaic.'}
| 4 |
3,051 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: either most reproduction occurs by cross-fertilization or moths have (part) heads, or it is not the case that most humans rely on light.', 'If it is a common misconception that if either most reproduction occurs by cross-fertilization or moths have (part) heads, then soil moisture is the major limiting factor to crop production, then wavelengths are characteristic of the chemical composition as well as the temp of the gas.', 'The claim that wavelengths are characteristic of the chemical composition as well as the temp of the gas does not reflect reality.', 'Either anteaters are mammals or the statement that states soil moisture is the major limiting factor to crop production is false.', 'The statement, anteaters are mammals, does not hold.']
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: either most reproduction occurs by cross-fertilization or moths have (part) heads, or it is not the case that most humans rely on light. If it is a common misconception that if either most reproduction occurs by cross-fertilization or moths have (part) heads, then soil moisture is the major limiting factor to crop production, then wavelengths are characteristic of the chemical composition as well as the temp of the gas. The claim that wavelengths are characteristic of the chemical composition as well as the temp of the gas does not reflect reality. Either anteaters are mammals or the statement that states soil moisture is the major limiting factor to crop production is false. The statement, anteaters are mammals, does not hold.
|
It is not the case that most humans rely on light.
|
Those that suggest humans are most familiar with visible light since oureyes are tuned to the visible spectrum are wrong.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or (Not [0].).
Not (Either [1] or [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Either [1] or [2].), then [3]. [SC1-2]
Not [3]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, Not (Either [1] or [2].)..
[SC1-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Either [1] or [2].), then [3].).), then [5].
Not [5].
Therefore, If (Either [1] or [2].), then [3]..
[SC2-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [4] or (Not [3].).
Not [4].
Therefore, Not [3]..
|
{0: 'Most humans rely on light.', 1: 'Most reproduction occurs by cross-fertilization.', 2: 'Moths have (part) heads.', 3: 'Soil moisture is the major limiting factor to crop production.', 4: 'Anteaters are mammals.', 5: 'Wavelengths are characteristic of the chemical composition as well as the temp of the gas.'}
| 4 |
3,090 |
["Whenever it is true that the statement that 'guava trees grow in areas' is incorrect, 'most ball pythons have jaws' is true.", 'Assuming most ball pythons have jaws, we know that if dolphins swim to surfaces, then carbonisation is fractionation.', 'Assuming if dolphins swim to surfaces, then carbonisation is fractionation, we know that twigs have light reddish-brown bark.', "Whenever it is true that popular culture wants to view law as the overarching principles of a just and harmonious society, 'if if dolphins swim to surfaces, then carbonisation is fractionation, then the statement that 'twigs have light reddish-brown bark' is incorrect' is true.", 'The claim that popular culture wants to view law as the overarching principles of a just and harmonious society holds true.']
|
Whenever it is true that the statement that 'guava trees grow in areas' is incorrect, 'most ball pythons have jaws' is true. Assuming most ball pythons have jaws, we know that if dolphins swim to surfaces, then carbonisation is fractionation. Assuming if dolphins swim to surfaces, then carbonisation is fractionation, we know that twigs have light reddish-brown bark. Whenever it is true that popular culture wants to view law as the overarching principles of a just and harmonious society, 'if if dolphins swim to surfaces, then carbonisation is fractionation, then the statement that 'twigs have light reddish-brown bark' is incorrect' is true. The claim that popular culture wants to view law as the overarching principles of a just and harmonious society holds true.
|
It is fair to say that guava trees grow in areas.
|
Guava trees grow in windy areas.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].). [SC1-1]
Not (If [1], then [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [0].), then [3].
If [3], then (If [1], then [2].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].)..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (If [1], then [2].), then [4].
If (If [1], then [2].), then (Not [4].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, Not (If [1], then [2].)..
[SC2-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [5], then (If (If [1], then [2].), then (Not [4].).).
[5]
Therefore, If (If [1], then [2].), then (Not [4].)..
|
{0: 'Guava trees grow in areas.', 1: 'Dolphins swim to surfaces.', 2: 'Carbonisation is fractionation.', 3: 'Most ball pythons have jaws.', 4: 'Twigs have light reddish-brown bark.', 5: 'Popular culture wants to view law as the overarching principles of a just and harmonious society.'}
| 4 |
3,354 |
['Either either water is important for wealth, success and purity or parvo is shed in the feces so the fecal-oral route of transmission is most common or most children can control their bowels before their bladders.', 'When either water is important for wealth, success and purity or parvo is shed in the feces so the fecal-oral route of transmission is most common is true, it follows that statistics play an important part in the life of a nation.', 'Assuming those that suggest if most children can control their bowels before their bladders, then statistics play an important part in the life of a nation are wrong, we know that screened sugars are crystalline products separated according to the size of the grains.', 'Given that screened sugars are crystalline products separated according to the size of the grains, it can be inferred that noise damage is very harmful to the understanding of speech.', "So long as noise damage is very harmful to the understanding of speech, 'mantises are carnivores' is true.", "If noise damage is very harmful to the understanding of speech, then the notion that 'mantises are carnivores' is untrue."]
|
Either either water is important for wealth, success and purity or parvo is shed in the feces so the fecal-oral route of transmission is most common or most children can control their bowels before their bladders. When either water is important for wealth, success and purity or parvo is shed in the feces so the fecal-oral route of transmission is most common is true, it follows that statistics play an important part in the life of a nation. Assuming those that suggest if most children can control their bowels before their bladders, then statistics play an important part in the life of a nation are wrong, we know that screened sugars are crystalline products separated according to the size of the grains. Given that screened sugars are crystalline products separated according to the size of the grains, it can be inferred that noise damage is very harmful to the understanding of speech. So long as noise damage is very harmful to the understanding of speech, 'mantises are carnivores' is true. If noise damage is very harmful to the understanding of speech, then the notion that 'mantises are carnivores' is untrue.
|
It is reasonable to believe that statistics play an important part in the life of a nation.
|
It is reasonable to believe that statistics play an important part in the life of a nation.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [3].
If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0].
If [3], then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC3-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [3], then [0].).), then [4]. [SC1-2]
Not [4]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [3], then [0]..
[SC1-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not (If [3], then [0].).), then [5].
If [5], then [4].
Therefore, If (Not (If [3], then [0].).), then [4]..
[SC2-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [4], then [6].
If [4], then (Not [6].).
Therefore, Not [4]..
|
{0: 'Statistics play an important part in the life of a nation.', 1: 'Water is important for wealth, success and purity.', 2: 'Parvo is shed in the feces so the fecal-oral route of transmission is most common.', 3: 'Most children can control their bowels before their bladders.', 4: 'Noise damage is very harmful to the understanding of speech.', 5: 'Screened sugars are crystalline products separated according to the size of the grains.', 6: 'Mantises are carnivores.'}
| 4 |
3,632 |
['The statement that states if most estrogens have positive feedback effects, then water is the key to our planet s variety of colors is false.', 'At least one of two things is true: mold can also make spores that are like very small seeds, or a pulse rate is a rate.', 'Given that we know that the claim that if mold can also make spores that are like very small seeds, then if most estrogens have positive feedback effects, then water is the key to our planet s variety of colors is false, it can be inferred that tolerance is a virtue that depends upon peace and strength.', 'We know that the claim that tolerance is a virtue that depends upon peace and strength is false.', 'It is rational to believe that either trial counsel consults with experts or if a pulse rate is a rate, then many small creeks make a large river .', 'It is not the case that trial counsel consults with experts.']
|
The statement that states if most estrogens have positive feedback effects, then water is the key to our planet s variety of colors is false. At least one of two things is true: mold can also make spores that are like very small seeds, or a pulse rate is a rate. Given that we know that the claim that if mold can also make spores that are like very small seeds, then if most estrogens have positive feedback effects, then water is the key to our planet s variety of colors is false, it can be inferred that tolerance is a virtue that depends upon peace and strength. We know that the claim that tolerance is a virtue that depends upon peace and strength is false. It is rational to believe that either trial counsel consults with experts or if a pulse rate is a rate, then many small creeks make a large river . It is not the case that trial counsel consults with experts.
|
The statement 'many small creeks make a large river ' can be considered true.
|
The statement 'many small creeks make a large river ' can be considered false.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [1], then [2].) or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not (If [1], then [2].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (If [1], then [2].). [SC2-2]
If [4], then [0]. [SC3-2]
Therefore, Either (If [1], then [2].) or [0]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [3], then (If [1], then [2].).).), then [6].
Not [6].
Therefore, If [3], then (If [1], then [2].)..
[SC3-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [5] or (If [4], then [0].).
Not [5].
Therefore, If [4], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Many small creeks make a large river .', 1: 'Most estrogens have positive feedback effects.', 2: 'Water is the key to our planet s variety of colors.', 3: 'Mold can also make spores that are like very small seeds.', 4: 'A pulse rate is a rate.', 5: 'Trial counsel consults with experts.', 6: 'Tolerance is a virtue that depends upon peace and strength.'}
| 4 |
3,460 |
['Once we know smallpox spreads primarily by oropharyngeal aerosols from infected patients, we also know that most cobras live in areas.', 'Assuming those that suggest either smallpox spreads primarily by oropharyngeal aerosols from infected patients or animals use sexual reproduction are wrong, we know that most fruit grows on granny smith apple trees.', 'The statement, most fruit grows on granny smith apple trees, does not hold.', 'Assuming animals use sexual reproduction, we know that corneal surgery is the most heavily marketed eye medical procedure in history.', 'It is rational to believe that either time is time remaining on clock or if corneal surgery is the most heavily marketed eye medical procedure in history, then most cobras live in areas.', 'We know that the claim that time is time remaining on clock is false.']
|
Once we know smallpox spreads primarily by oropharyngeal aerosols from infected patients, we also know that most cobras live in areas. Assuming those that suggest either smallpox spreads primarily by oropharyngeal aerosols from infected patients or animals use sexual reproduction are wrong, we know that most fruit grows on granny smith apple trees. The statement, most fruit grows on granny smith apple trees, does not hold. Assuming animals use sexual reproduction, we know that corneal surgery is the most heavily marketed eye medical procedure in history. It is rational to believe that either time is time remaining on clock or if corneal surgery is the most heavily marketed eye medical procedure in history, then most cobras live in areas. We know that the claim that time is time remaining on clock is false.
|
The idea that most cobras live in areas is true.
|
The idea that most cobras live in areas is true.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
[SC3-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [2], then [4].
If [4], then [0]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [2], then [0]..
[SC2-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [5] or (If [4], then [0].).
Not [5].
Therefore, If [4], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Most cobras live in areas.', 1: 'Smallpox spreads primarily by oropharyngeal aerosols from infected patients.', 2: 'Animals use sexual reproduction.', 3: 'Most fruit grows on granny smith apple trees.', 4: 'Corneal surgery is the most heavily marketed eye medical procedure in history.', 5: 'Time is time remaining on clock.'}
| 4 |
3,022 |
["Whenever it is true that cosmetics is a woman's means for keeping a man from reading between the lines, 'cells overburdened with protein become toxic' is true.", "On the condition that aldosterone stimulates the kidneys to resorb salt, ultimately functioning in retention of water, it is definitely the case that if windows are portals, then cosmetics is a woman's means for keeping a man from reading between the lines.", 'It is the case that p is the projection of an n -knot which is diffeomorphic to the standard sphere.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: if turnpikes are part of roads, then services are provided by physicians, or if p is the projection of an n -knot which is diffeomorphic to the standard sphere, then aldosterone stimulates the kidneys to resorb salt, ultimately functioning in retention of water.', 'The claim that if turnpikes are part of roads, then services are provided by physicians does not correspond with reality.']
|
Whenever it is true that cosmetics is a woman's means for keeping a man from reading between the lines, 'cells overburdened with protein become toxic' is true. On the condition that aldosterone stimulates the kidneys to resorb salt, ultimately functioning in retention of water, it is definitely the case that if windows are portals, then cosmetics is a woman's means for keeping a man from reading between the lines. It is the case that p is the projection of an n -knot which is diffeomorphic to the standard sphere. Either one or both of these statements are true: if turnpikes are part of roads, then services are provided by physicians, or if p is the projection of an n -knot which is diffeomorphic to the standard sphere, then aldosterone stimulates the kidneys to resorb salt, ultimately functioning in retention of water. The claim that if turnpikes are part of roads, then services are provided by physicians does not correspond with reality.
|
Once we know windows are portals, we also know that cells overburdened with protein become toxic.
|
Once we know windows are an essential part of all homes, we also know that cells overburdened with protein become toxic.
|
Uncertain
|
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [0], then [2]. [SC1-1]
If [2], then [1].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If [0], then [2].).
[3] [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [0], then [2]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then [3]. [SC1-3]
[4]
Therefore, [3].
[SC1-3]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [5], then [6].) or (If [4], then [3].).
Not (If [5], then [6].).
Therefore, If [4], then [3]..
|
{0: 'Windows are portals.', 1: 'Cells overburdened with protein become toxic.', 2: "Cosmetics is a woman's means for keeping a man from reading between the lines.", 3: 'Aldosterone stimulates the kidneys to resorb salt, ultimately functioning in retention of water.', 4: 'P is the projection of an n -knot which is diffeomorphic to the standard sphere.', 5: 'Turnpikes are part of roads.', 6: 'Services are provided by physicians.'}
| 4 |
3,374 |
['On the condition that the claim that either surface waves travel around curved corners, and they reflect at sharp edges or female flowers produce nectar has no merit, it is definitely the case that either influenza is probably the most devastating respiratory disease or giant reed has a variety of uses ranging from music to medicine.', 'Provided that applications help customers, we know that the claim that surface waves travel around curved corners, and they reflect at sharp edges does not reflect reality.', 'It is true that applications help customers.', 'There is good reason to believe that either canine parvovirus is a highly contagious viral disease that can produce a life-threatening illness or the claim that either influenza is probably the most devastating respiratory disease or giant reed has a variety of uses ranging from music to medicine is false.', 'The claim that canine parvovirus is a highly contagious viral disease that can produce a life-threatening illness has no merit.']
|
On the condition that the claim that either surface waves travel around curved corners, and they reflect at sharp edges or female flowers produce nectar has no merit, it is definitely the case that either influenza is probably the most devastating respiratory disease or giant reed has a variety of uses ranging from music to medicine. Provided that applications help customers, we know that the claim that surface waves travel around curved corners, and they reflect at sharp edges does not reflect reality. It is true that applications help customers. There is good reason to believe that either canine parvovirus is a highly contagious viral disease that can produce a life-threatening illness or the claim that either influenza is probably the most devastating respiratory disease or giant reed has a variety of uses ranging from music to medicine is false. The claim that canine parvovirus is a highly contagious viral disease that can produce a life-threatening illness has no merit.
|
It is rational to agree that female flowers produce nectar.
|
It is rational to agree that female flowers produce nectar.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then (Either [2] or [3].).
Not (Either [2] or [3].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
[SC2-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [5] or (Not (Either [2] or [3].).).
Not [5].
Therefore, Not (Either [2] or [3].)..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (Not [1].).
[4]
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Female flowers produce nectar.', 1: 'Surface waves travel around curved corners, and they reflect at sharp edges.', 2: 'Influenza is probably the most devastating respiratory disease.', 3: 'Giant reed has a variety of uses ranging from music to medicine.', 4: 'Applications help customers.', 5: 'Canine parvovirus is a highly contagious viral disease that can produce a life-threatening illness.'}
| 4 |
3,546 |
['Provided that chimpanzees are polygynandrous, as both male and female chimpanzees have multiple partners, we know that transvaginal ultrasonography is used to manipulate the ovarian follicular populations.', 'On the condition that some people mistakenly believe that either peptides regulate some aspects of protein expression or chimpanzees are polygynandrous, as both male and female chimpanzees have multiple partners, it is definitely the case that the statement, sea otters are wild animals, which means their behavior towards humans can be unpredictable, does not hold.', 'One may reasonably assume that if it is a common misconception that if peptides regulate some aspects of protein expression, then transvaginal ultrasonography is used to manipulate the ovarian follicular populations, then fathers have social development.', "The statement 'fathers have social development' can be considered false.", 'Should it be the case that carbon dioxide is a major greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming, it follows that if some people mistakenly believe that either peptides regulate some aspects of protein expression or chimpanzees are polygynandrous, as both male and female chimpanzees have multiple partners, then sea otters are wild animals, which means their behavior towards humans can be unpredictable.', 'Many people rightly believe that carbon dioxide is a major greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming.']
|
Provided that chimpanzees are polygynandrous, as both male and female chimpanzees have multiple partners, we know that transvaginal ultrasonography is used to manipulate the ovarian follicular populations. On the condition that some people mistakenly believe that either peptides regulate some aspects of protein expression or chimpanzees are polygynandrous, as both male and female chimpanzees have multiple partners, it is definitely the case that the statement, sea otters are wild animals, which means their behavior towards humans can be unpredictable, does not hold. One may reasonably assume that if it is a common misconception that if peptides regulate some aspects of protein expression, then transvaginal ultrasonography is used to manipulate the ovarian follicular populations, then fathers have social development. The statement 'fathers have social development' can be considered false. Should it be the case that carbon dioxide is a major greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming, it follows that if some people mistakenly believe that either peptides regulate some aspects of protein expression or chimpanzees are polygynandrous, as both male and female chimpanzees have multiple partners, then sea otters are wild animals, which means their behavior towards humans can be unpredictable. Many people rightly believe that carbon dioxide is a major greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming.
|
We can assume that transvaginal ultrasonography is used to manipulate the ovarian follicular populations.
|
The claim that transvaginal ultrasonography is used to manipulate the ovarian follicular populations does not reflect reality.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then [3]. [SC1-2]
If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
[SC1-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [5], then (If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then [3].).
[5]
Therefore, If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then [3]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Transvaginal ultrasonography is used to manipulate the ovarian follicular populations.', 1: 'Peptides regulate some aspects of protein expression.', 2: 'Chimpanzees are polygynandrous, as both male and female chimpanzees have multiple partners.', 3: 'Sea otters are wild animals, which means their behavior towards humans can be unpredictable.', 4: 'Fathers have social development.', 5: 'Carbon dioxide is a major greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming.'}
| 4 |
3,439 |
['On the condition that salamanders are known to exhibit internal fertilization, it is definitely the case that if life is sometimes metastable, or at some steady state, then globalization is one of the major revolutions impacting management and organizations today.', 'Once we know technology is a major trigger of social change, we also know that we know that the claim that if life is sometimes metastable, or at some steady state, then globalization is one of the major revolutions impacting management and organizations today is false.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: some bulbs have inner tubes, or bears have few enemies other than man.', 'When some bulbs have inner tubes is true, it follows that either technology is a major trigger of social change or coasters have diameters.', 'If bears have few enemies other than man, then either technology is a major trigger of social change or coasters have diameters.', 'At least one of two things is true: farmers have heads, or if coasters have diameters, then we know that the claim that if life is sometimes metastable, or at some steady state, then globalization is one of the major revolutions impacting management and organizations today is false.', 'It is not true that farmers have heads.']
|
On the condition that salamanders are known to exhibit internal fertilization, it is definitely the case that if life is sometimes metastable, or at some steady state, then globalization is one of the major revolutions impacting management and organizations today. Once we know technology is a major trigger of social change, we also know that we know that the claim that if life is sometimes metastable, or at some steady state, then globalization is one of the major revolutions impacting management and organizations today is false. Either one or both of these statements are true: some bulbs have inner tubes, or bears have few enemies other than man. When some bulbs have inner tubes is true, it follows that either technology is a major trigger of social change or coasters have diameters. If bears have few enemies other than man, then either technology is a major trigger of social change or coasters have diameters. At least one of two things is true: farmers have heads, or if coasters have diameters, then we know that the claim that if life is sometimes metastable, or at some steady state, then globalization is one of the major revolutions impacting management and organizations today is false. It is not true that farmers have heads.
|
Those that suggest salamanders are known to exhibit internal fertilization are wrong.
|
Those that suggest salamanders are known to exhibit internal fertilization are wrong.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then (If [1], then [2].).
Not (If [1], then [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4]. [SC1-2]
If [3], then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).
If [4], then (Not (If [1], then [2].).). [SC3-2]
Therefore, Not (If [1], then [2].)..
[SC1-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [6] or [7].
If [6], then (Either [3] or [4].).
If [7], then (Either [3] or [4].).
Therefore, Either [3] or [4]..
[SC3-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [5] or (If [4], then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).).
Not [5].
Therefore, If [4], then (Not (If [1], then [2].).)..
|
{0: 'Salamanders are known to exhibit internal fertilization.', 1: 'Life is sometimes metastable, or at some steady state.', 2: 'Globalization is one of the major revolutions impacting management and organizations today.', 3: 'Technology is a major trigger of social change.', 4: 'Coasters have diameters.', 5: 'Farmers have heads.', 6: 'Some bulbs have inner tubes.', 7: 'Bears have few enemies other than man.'}
| 4 |
3,218 |
['The claim that most hummingbird food contains red dye is false.', 'On the condition that the statement that states if alligators have a stumpy short snout, then either most hummingbird food contains red dye or it is a common misconception that many countries have laws about prostitution is false, it is definitely the case that lewy bodies are large relative to the cell.', 'One may reasonably assume that if the statement that states if alligators have a stumpy short snout, then either most hummingbird food contains red dye or it is a common misconception that many countries have laws about prostitution is false, then those that suggest lewy bodies are large relative to the cell are wrong.', 'When linear algebra is essential to the theory of differential equations is true, it follows that alligators have a stumpy short snout.', 'It is a simple truth that linear algebra is essential to the theory of differential equations.']
|
The claim that most hummingbird food contains red dye is false. On the condition that the statement that states if alligators have a stumpy short snout, then either most hummingbird food contains red dye or it is a common misconception that many countries have laws about prostitution is false, it is definitely the case that lewy bodies are large relative to the cell. One may reasonably assume that if the statement that states if alligators have a stumpy short snout, then either most hummingbird food contains red dye or it is a common misconception that many countries have laws about prostitution is false, then those that suggest lewy bodies are large relative to the cell are wrong. When linear algebra is essential to the theory of differential equations is true, it follows that alligators have a stumpy short snout. It is a simple truth that linear algebra is essential to the theory of differential equations.
|
It is a common misconception that many countries have laws about prostitution.
|
It is a common misconception that many countries have laws about prostitution.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].). [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Either [1] or (Not [0].).). [SC1-2]
[2] [SC2-2]
Therefore, Either [1] or (Not [0].)..
[SC1-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [2], then (Either [1] or (Not [0].).).).), then [3].
If (Not (If [2], then (Either [1] or (Not [0].).).).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, If [2], then (Either [1] or (Not [0].).)..
[SC2-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then [2].
[4]
Therefore, [2].
|
{0: 'Many countries have laws about prostitution.', 1: 'Most hummingbird food contains red dye.', 2: 'Alligators have a stumpy short snout.', 3: 'Lewy bodies are large relative to the cell.', 4: 'Linear algebra is essential to the theory of differential equations.'}
| 4 |
3,737 |
["Once we know the statement that 'most cougars feed on prey' is incorrect, we also know that it is not true that promiscuity contributes to a moral decline in society.", "On the condition that invasive instruments suc h as catheters can be contaminated by feces especially in coma patients, it is definitely the case that if the statement that 'most cougars feed on prey' is incorrect, then promiscuity contributes to a moral decline in society.", 'Provided that those that suggest either if real love is about continuing to be affectionate and supportive even in the face of differences, then beavers can energetically afford to go only so far for their sources of food on land or invasive instruments suc h as catheters can be contaminated by feces especially in coma patients are wrong, we know that either women have less bone mass than men at all ages and lose bone mass rapidly following menopause or menstrual fluid starts to smell when it is in contact with air.', "So long as those that suggest either if real love is about continuing to be affectionate and supportive even in the face of differences, then beavers can energetically afford to go only so far for their sources of food on land or invasive instruments suc h as catheters can be contaminated by feces especially in coma patients are wrong, 'the claim that either women have less bone mass than men at all ages and lose bone mass rapidly following menopause or menstrual fluid starts to smell when it is in contact with air is false' is true.", "On the condition that the notion that 'if if real love is about continuing to be affectionate and supportive even in the face of differences, then beavers can energetically afford to go only so far for their sources of food on land, then if the statement that 'most cougars feed on prey' is incorrect, then promiscuity contributes to a moral decline in society' is untrue, it is definitely the case that diapsids have two pairs of openings in the temporal region of their skull.", 'Those that suggest diapsids have two pairs of openings in the temporal region of their skull are wrong.']
|
Once we know the statement that 'most cougars feed on prey' is incorrect, we also know that it is not true that promiscuity contributes to a moral decline in society. On the condition that invasive instruments suc h as catheters can be contaminated by feces especially in coma patients, it is definitely the case that if the statement that 'most cougars feed on prey' is incorrect, then promiscuity contributes to a moral decline in society. Provided that those that suggest either if real love is about continuing to be affectionate and supportive even in the face of differences, then beavers can energetically afford to go only so far for their sources of food on land or invasive instruments suc h as catheters can be contaminated by feces especially in coma patients are wrong, we know that either women have less bone mass than men at all ages and lose bone mass rapidly following menopause or menstrual fluid starts to smell when it is in contact with air. So long as those that suggest either if real love is about continuing to be affectionate and supportive even in the face of differences, then beavers can energetically afford to go only so far for their sources of food on land or invasive instruments suc h as catheters can be contaminated by feces especially in coma patients are wrong, 'the claim that either women have less bone mass than men at all ages and lose bone mass rapidly following menopause or menstrual fluid starts to smell when it is in contact with air is false' is true. On the condition that the notion that 'if if real love is about continuing to be affectionate and supportive even in the face of differences, then beavers can energetically afford to go only so far for their sources of food on land, then if the statement that 'most cougars feed on prey' is incorrect, then promiscuity contributes to a moral decline in society' is untrue, it is definitely the case that diapsids have two pairs of openings in the temporal region of their skull. Those that suggest diapsids have two pairs of openings in the temporal region of their skull are wrong.
|
most cougars feed on prey.
|
Cougars have long slender bodies and small, broad, round heads.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [2], then [3].) or [4]. [SC1-2]
If (If [2], then [3].), then (If (Not [0].), then [1].). [SC2-2]
If [4], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC1-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either (If [2], then [3].) or [4].).), then (Either [5] or [6].).
If (Not (Either (If [2], then [3].) or [4].).), then (Not (Either [5] or [6].).).
Therefore, Either (If [2], then [3].) or [4]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (If [2], then [3].), then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).).), then [7].
Not [7].
Therefore, If (If [2], then [3].), then (If (Not [0].), then [1].)..
|
{0: 'Most cougars feed on prey.', 1: 'Promiscuity contributes to a moral decline in society.', 2: 'Real love is about continuing to be affectionate and supportive even in the face of differences.', 3: 'Beavers can energetically afford to go only so far for their sources of food on land.', 4: 'Invasive instruments suc h as catheters can be contaminated by feces especially in coma patients.', 5: 'Women have less bone mass than men at all ages and lose bone mass rapidly following menopause.', 6: 'Menstrual fluid starts to smell when it is in contact with air.', 7: 'Diapsids have two pairs of openings in the temporal region of their skull.'}
| 4 |
3,505 |
['baboons suffer mortality.', 'On the condition that baboons suffer mortality, it is definitely the case that attitudes are an integral part of holiness.', 'At least one of two things is true: beluga whales detect sound, or magpies build huge, domed nests of loosely woven sticks.', 'If magpies build huge, domed nests of loosely woven sticks, then if attitudes are an integral part of holiness, then respite care is the service most typically funded by state governments.', 'If beluga whales detect sound, then most pigs eat meals.', 'Once we know most pigs eat meals, we also know that if attitudes are an integral part of holiness, then respite care is the service most typically funded by state governments.']
|
baboons suffer mortality. On the condition that baboons suffer mortality, it is definitely the case that attitudes are an integral part of holiness. At least one of two things is true: beluga whales detect sound, or magpies build huge, domed nests of loosely woven sticks. If magpies build huge, domed nests of loosely woven sticks, then if attitudes are an integral part of holiness, then respite care is the service most typically funded by state governments. If beluga whales detect sound, then most pigs eat meals. Once we know most pigs eat meals, we also know that if attitudes are an integral part of holiness, then respite care is the service most typically funded by state governments.
|
It is a simple truth that respite care is the service most typically funded by state governments.
|
The notion that 'respite care is the service most typically funded by state governments' is untrue.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [1], then [2].
If [2], then [0]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC2-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (If [2], then [0].). [SC2-3]
If [4], then (If [2], then [0].).
Therefore, If [2], then [0]..
[SC2-3]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [3], then [5].
If [5], then (If [2], then [0].).
Therefore, If [3], then (If [2], then [0].)..
|
{0: 'Respite care is the service most typically funded by state governments.', 1: 'Baboons suffer mortality.', 2: 'Attitudes are an integral part of holiness.', 3: 'Beluga whales detect sound.', 4: 'Magpies build huge, domed nests of loosely woven sticks.', 5: 'Most pigs eat meals.'}
| 4 |
3,605 |
['It is reasonable to believe that amity is good for shipping, freezing, and canning.', 'We know that at least one of two things is true: either spousal rape is a crime or tiny holes cause the baby to swallow air as they suck, or finale is used for desktop publishing of music manuscripts.', 'Once we know either spousal rape is a crime or tiny holes cause the baby to swallow air as they suck, we also know that the claim that snakes are most active at night and during warm weather does not correspond with reality.', 'When finale is used for desktop publishing of music manuscripts is true, it follows that the claim that snakes are most active at night and during warm weather does not correspond with reality.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: ancient tradition holds that sleep and death are brothers, or capitalism is a moral system if only because it is based on trust.', 'Should it be the case that ancient tradition holds that sleep and death are brothers, it follows that if amity is good for shipping, freezing, and canning, then either snakes are most active at night and during warm weather or the claim that lime sulfur can change the color of some jewelry is false.', 'On the condition that capitalism is a moral system if only because it is based on trust, it is definitely the case that if amity is good for shipping, freezing, and canning, then either snakes are most active at night and during warm weather or the claim that lime sulfur can change the color of some jewelry is false.']
|
It is reasonable to believe that amity is good for shipping, freezing, and canning. We know that at least one of two things is true: either spousal rape is a crime or tiny holes cause the baby to swallow air as they suck, or finale is used for desktop publishing of music manuscripts. Once we know either spousal rape is a crime or tiny holes cause the baby to swallow air as they suck, we also know that the claim that snakes are most active at night and during warm weather does not correspond with reality. When finale is used for desktop publishing of music manuscripts is true, it follows that the claim that snakes are most active at night and during warm weather does not correspond with reality. Either one or both of these statements are true: ancient tradition holds that sleep and death are brothers, or capitalism is a moral system if only because it is based on trust. Should it be the case that ancient tradition holds that sleep and death are brothers, it follows that if amity is good for shipping, freezing, and canning, then either snakes are most active at night and during warm weather or the claim that lime sulfur can change the color of some jewelry is false. On the condition that capitalism is a moral system if only because it is based on trust, it is definitely the case that if amity is good for shipping, freezing, and canning, then either snakes are most active at night and during warm weather or the claim that lime sulfur can change the color of some jewelry is false.
|
The claim that lime sulfur can change the color of some jewelry is false.
|
The claim that lime sulfur can change the color of some jewelry is false.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].). [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Either [1] or (Not [0].).). [SC1-2]
[2]
Therefore, Either [1] or (Not [0].)..
[SC1-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [6] or [7].
If [6], then (If [2], then (Either [1] or (Not [0].).).).
If [7], then (If [2], then (Either [1] or (Not [0].).).).
Therefore, If [2], then (Either [1] or (Not [0].).)..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [3] or [4].) or [5].
If (Either [3] or [4].), then (Not [1].).
If [5], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Lime sulfur can change the color of some jewelry.', 1: 'Snakes are most active at night and during warm weather.', 2: 'Amity is good for shipping, freezing, and canning.', 3: 'Spousal rape is a crime.', 4: 'Tiny holes cause the baby to swallow air as they suck.', 5: 'Finale is used for desktop publishing of music manuscripts.', 6: 'Ancient tradition holds that sleep and death are brothers.', 7: 'Capitalism is a moral system if only because it is based on trust.'}
| 4 |
3,801 |
['If the claim that principal is capital has no merit, then the claim that either people come in different shapes and sizes or self reflection is important to self worth does not correspond with reality.', 'Provided that those that suggest if the claim that principal is capital has no merit, then either people come in different shapes and sizes or self reflection is important to self worth are wrong, we know that rooks are wagons for transporting rocks for the rock-slingers.', 'When rooks are wagons for transporting rocks for the rock-slingers is true, it follows that fruit has structures.', "Assuming the claim that if those that suggest if the claim that principal is capital has no merit, then either people come in different shapes and sizes or self reflection is important to self worth are wrong, then the statement 'fruit has structures' can be considered false does not correspond with reality, we know that some propellant cores are star shaped to increase the burning surface even more.", "On the condition that the claim that if those that suggest if the claim that principal is capital has no merit, then either people come in different shapes and sizes or self reflection is important to self worth are wrong, then the statement 'fruit has structures' can be considered false does not correspond with reality, it is definitely the case that it is a common misconception that some propellant cores are star shaped to increase the burning surface even more."]
|
If the claim that principal is capital has no merit, then the claim that either people come in different shapes and sizes or self reflection is important to self worth does not correspond with reality. Provided that those that suggest if the claim that principal is capital has no merit, then either people come in different shapes and sizes or self reflection is important to self worth are wrong, we know that rooks are wagons for transporting rocks for the rock-slingers. When rooks are wagons for transporting rocks for the rock-slingers is true, it follows that fruit has structures. Assuming the claim that if those that suggest if the claim that principal is capital has no merit, then either people come in different shapes and sizes or self reflection is important to self worth are wrong, then the statement 'fruit has structures' can be considered false does not correspond with reality, we know that some propellant cores are star shaped to increase the burning surface even more. On the condition that the claim that if those that suggest if the claim that principal is capital has no merit, then either people come in different shapes and sizes or self reflection is important to self worth are wrong, then the statement 'fruit has structures' can be considered false does not correspond with reality, it is definitely the case that it is a common misconception that some propellant cores are star shaped to increase the burning surface even more.
|
The statement that states principal is capital is right.
|
Principal isa educator.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].). [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).).), then [3]. [SC1-2]
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).).), then (Not [3].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].)..
[SC1-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).).), then [5].
If [5], then [3].
Therefore, If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).).), then [3]..
[SC2-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).).), then (Not [3].).).), then [4].
If (Not (If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).).), then (Not [3].).).), then (Not [4].).
Therefore, If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).).), then (Not [3].)..
|
{0: 'Principal is capital.', 1: 'People come in different shapes and sizes.', 2: 'Self reflection is important to self worth.', 3: 'Fruit has structures.', 4: 'Some propellant cores are star shaped to increase the burning surface even more.', 5: 'Rooks are wagons for transporting rocks for the rock-slingers.'}
| 4 |
3,948 |
['Provided that bucks have (part) vacuoles, we know that either waterspouts are conduits or corn earworms can produce several generations within a growing season.', 'It is a simple truth that bucks have (part) vacuoles.', 'It is a fact that either guppies have spots or if waterspouts are conduits, then education is an investment in the future of our children and our nation.', 'It is a common misconception that guppies have spots.', 'Assuming it is not true that if corn earworms can produce several generations within a growing season, then education is an investment in the future of our children and our nation, we know that some people are very allergic to peanuts and they can get very sick if exposed.', 'Given that it is not true that if corn earworms can produce several generations within a growing season, then education is an investment in the future of our children and our nation, it can be inferred that the claim that some people are very allergic to peanuts and they can get very sick if exposed has no merit.']
|
Provided that bucks have (part) vacuoles, we know that either waterspouts are conduits or corn earworms can produce several generations within a growing season. It is a simple truth that bucks have (part) vacuoles. It is a fact that either guppies have spots or if waterspouts are conduits, then education is an investment in the future of our children and our nation. It is a common misconception that guppies have spots. Assuming it is not true that if corn earworms can produce several generations within a growing season, then education is an investment in the future of our children and our nation, we know that some people are very allergic to peanuts and they can get very sick if exposed. Given that it is not true that if corn earworms can produce several generations within a growing season, then education is an investment in the future of our children and our nation, it can be inferred that the claim that some people are very allergic to peanuts and they can get very sick if exposed has no merit.
|
It is the case that education is an investment in the future of our children and our nation.
|
It is the case that education is an investment in the future of our children and our nation.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If [2], then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [5], then (Either [1] or [2].).
[5]
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [4] or (If [1], then [0].).
Not [4].
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC3-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [2], then [0].).), then [3].
If (Not (If [2], then [0].).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, If [2], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Education is an investment in the future of our children and our nation.', 1: 'Waterspouts are conduits.', 2: 'Corn earworms can produce several generations within a growing season.', 3: 'Some people are very allergic to peanuts and they can get very sick if exposed.', 4: 'Guppies have spots.', 5: 'Bucks have (part) vacuoles.'}
| 4 |
3,683 |
['Those that suggest beryllium is especially toxic but extremely rare in combustible wastes are right.', "So long as intestinal bacteria produces biotin, 'if fireplaces are located in cabins, then the statement that states either dry kilns use gases or jobs provide great opportunity is false' is true.", 'The claim that intestinal bacteria produces biotin holds true.', 'Provided that beryllium is especially toxic but extremely rare in combustible wastes, we know that language also is created by human activity.', 'Provided that language also is created by human activity, we know that if fireplaces are located in cabins, then either dry kilns use gases or jobs provide great opportunity.']
|
Those that suggest beryllium is especially toxic but extremely rare in combustible wastes are right. So long as intestinal bacteria produces biotin, 'if fireplaces are located in cabins, then the statement that states either dry kilns use gases or jobs provide great opportunity is false' is true. The claim that intestinal bacteria produces biotin holds true. Provided that beryllium is especially toxic but extremely rare in combustible wastes, we know that language also is created by human activity. Provided that language also is created by human activity, we know that if fireplaces are located in cabins, then either dry kilns use gases or jobs provide great opportunity.
|
The claim that fireplaces are located in cabins has no merit.
|
It is a common misconception that fireplaces have (part) front rooms.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then (Either [1] or [2].). [SC1-1]
If [0], then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (If [0], then (Either [1] or [2].).). [SC1-2]
[4]
Therefore, If [0], then (Either [1] or [2].)..
[SC1-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [4], then [5].
If [5], then (If [0], then (Either [1] or [2].).).
Therefore, If [4], then (If [0], then (Either [1] or [2].).)..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If [0], then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).).
[3]
Therefore, If [0], then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).)..
|
{0: 'Fireplaces are located in cabins.', 1: 'Dry kilns use gases.', 2: 'Jobs provide great opportunity.', 3: 'Intestinal bacteria produces biotin.', 4: 'Beryllium is especially toxic but extremely rare in combustible wastes.', 5: 'Language also is created by human activity.'}
| 4 |
3,205 |
["Given that the notion that 'either if a graph is visual communication, then kinetic energy causes acceleration and acceleration causes momentum or it is not the case that either jaws are solid objects or most young children have senses' is untrue, it can be inferred that if most celery contains compounds, then diets contain plant food.", "One may reasonably assume that if the notion that 'either if a graph is visual communication, then kinetic energy causes acceleration and acceleration causes momentum or it is not the case that either jaws are solid objects or most young children have senses' is untrue, then it is a common misconception that if most celery contains compounds, then diets contain plant food.", 'It is a fact that either most genes consist of regulatory and coding sequences or abortion is universal through space and time.', "So long as abortion is universal through space and time, 'the claim that if a graph is visual communication, then kinetic energy causes acceleration and acceleration causes momentum is false' is true.", 'Provided that the claim that if most genes consist of regulatory and coding sequences , then the claim that if a graph is visual communication, then kinetic energy causes acceleration and acceleration causes momentum is false is false, we know that other air pollutants have indirect impact.', 'It is a common misconception that other air pollutants have indirect impact.']
|
Given that the notion that 'either if a graph is visual communication, then kinetic energy causes acceleration and acceleration causes momentum or it is not the case that either jaws are solid objects or most young children have senses' is untrue, it can be inferred that if most celery contains compounds, then diets contain plant food. One may reasonably assume that if the notion that 'either if a graph is visual communication, then kinetic energy causes acceleration and acceleration causes momentum or it is not the case that either jaws are solid objects or most young children have senses' is untrue, then it is a common misconception that if most celery contains compounds, then diets contain plant food. It is a fact that either most genes consist of regulatory and coding sequences or abortion is universal through space and time. So long as abortion is universal through space and time, 'the claim that if a graph is visual communication, then kinetic energy causes acceleration and acceleration causes momentum is false' is true. Provided that the claim that if most genes consist of regulatory and coding sequences , then the claim that if a graph is visual communication, then kinetic energy causes acceleration and acceleration causes momentum is false is false, we know that other air pollutants have indirect impact. It is a common misconception that other air pollutants have indirect impact.
|
It is not the case that either jaws are solid objects or most young children have senses.
|
The statement that states jaws have forces is false.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [2], then [3].) or (Not (Either [0] or [1].).). [SC1-1]
Not (If [2], then [3].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not (Either [0] or [1].)..
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either (If [2], then [3].) or (Not (Either [0] or [1].).).).), then (If [6], then [7].).
If (Not (Either (If [2], then [3].) or (Not (Either [0] or [1].).).).), then (Not (If [6], then [7].).).
Therefore, Either (If [2], then [3].) or (Not (Either [0] or [1].).)..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [4] or [5].
If [4], then (Not (If [2], then [3].).). [SC2-2]
If [5], then (Not (If [2], then [3].).).
Therefore, Not (If [2], then [3].)..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [4], then (Not (If [2], then [3].).).).), then [8].
Not [8].
Therefore, If [4], then (Not (If [2], then [3].).)..
|
{0: 'Jaws are solid objects.', 1: 'Most young children have senses.', 2: 'A graph is visual communication.', 3: 'Kinetic energy causes acceleration and acceleration causes momentum.', 4: 'Most genes consist of regulatory and coding sequences .', 5: 'Abortion is universal through space and time.', 6: 'Most celery contains compounds.', 7: 'Diets contain plant food.', 8: 'Other air pollutants have indirect impact.'}
| 4 |
3,647 |
["One may reasonably assume that if the statement that states botulism can result in paralysis leading to respiratory arrest is false, then the statement that 'adventitious roots form at the nodes' is incorrect.", "Whenever it is true that health information is among the most sensitive information about individuals, 'adventitious roots form at the nodes' is true.", 'Should it be the case that those that suggest if the statement that states botulism can result in paralysis leading to respiratory arrest is false, then health information is among the most sensitive information about individuals are wrong, it follows that chromic acid is chemical compounds.', 'Assuming chromic acid is chemical compounds, we know that plunder is an offence punishable by death.', "The statement 'plunder is an offence punishable by death' can be considered false."]
|
One may reasonably assume that if the statement that states botulism can result in paralysis leading to respiratory arrest is false, then the statement that 'adventitious roots form at the nodes' is incorrect. Whenever it is true that health information is among the most sensitive information about individuals, 'adventitious roots form at the nodes' is true. Should it be the case that those that suggest if the statement that states botulism can result in paralysis leading to respiratory arrest is false, then health information is among the most sensitive information about individuals are wrong, it follows that chromic acid is chemical compounds. Assuming chromic acid is chemical compounds, we know that plunder is an offence punishable by death. The statement 'plunder is an offence punishable by death' can be considered false.
|
It is reasonable to believe that botulism can result in paralysis leading to respiratory arrest.
|
The claim that botulism can result in paralysis leading to respiratory arrest has no merit.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [0].), then [2]. [SC1-2]
If [2], then [1].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC1-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [2].).), then [3].
Not [3]. [SC2-3]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [2]..
[SC2-3]
Modus Tonens:
If [3], then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, Not [3]..
|
{0: 'Botulism can result in paralysis leading to respiratory arrest.', 1: 'Adventitious roots form at the nodes.', 2: 'Health information is among the most sensitive information about individuals.', 3: 'Chromic acid is chemical compounds.', 4: 'Plunder is an offence punishable by death.'}
| 4 |
3,190 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: viscosity depends on the attractive force between the molecules, or drug cultures are inherently local, and our drugs are heroin, cocaine and marijuana.', 'On the condition that viscosity depends on the attractive force between the molecules, it is definitely the case that myths are meanings and values in narrative form.', 'When iron helps to reduce stress, and boosts the immune system is true, it follows that mosses are an amazingly resilient and versatile group of plants.', 'Given that mosses are an amazingly resilient and versatile group of plants, it can be inferred that if drug cultures are inherently local, and our drugs are heroin, cocaine and marijuana, then myths are meanings and values in narrative form.', 'Provided that most acne treatments require prolonged care, from months to years, we know that iron helps to reduce stress, and boosts the immune system.', 'most acne treatments require prolonged care, from months to years.']
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: viscosity depends on the attractive force between the molecules, or drug cultures are inherently local, and our drugs are heroin, cocaine and marijuana. On the condition that viscosity depends on the attractive force between the molecules, it is definitely the case that myths are meanings and values in narrative form. When iron helps to reduce stress, and boosts the immune system is true, it follows that mosses are an amazingly resilient and versatile group of plants. Given that mosses are an amazingly resilient and versatile group of plants, it can be inferred that if drug cultures are inherently local, and our drugs are heroin, cocaine and marijuana, then myths are meanings and values in narrative form. Provided that most acne treatments require prolonged care, from months to years, we know that iron helps to reduce stress, and boosts the immune system. most acne treatments require prolonged care, from months to years.
|
It is reasonable to believe that myths are meanings and values in narrative form.
|
Myths are the bridge to the collective unconscious.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC3-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If [2], then [0].). [SC1-2]
[3] [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [2], then [0]..
[SC1-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [3], then [5].
If [5], then (If [2], then [0].).
Therefore, If [3], then (If [2], then [0].)..
[SC2-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then [3].
[4]
Therefore, [3].
|
{0: 'Myths are meanings and values in narrative form.', 1: 'Viscosity depends on the attractive force between the molecules.', 2: 'Drug cultures are inherently local, and our drugs are heroin, cocaine and marijuana.', 3: 'Iron helps to reduce stress, and boosts the immune system.', 4: 'Most acne treatments require prolonged care, from months to years.', 5: 'Mosses are an amazingly resilient and versatile group of plants.'}
| 4 |
3,361 |
['Provided that the claim that plants remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere has no merit, we know that morality is only one generally effective means of promoting the end of maximizing happiness.', 'Should it be the case that morality is only one generally effective means of promoting the end of maximizing happiness, it follows that insurance is a limited liability policy.', 'On the condition that insurance is a limited liability policy, it is definitely the case that banana trees are trees.', 'One may reasonably assume that if insurance is a limited liability policy, then elderly women are particularly likely to have non-malignant abnormalities in their breasts.', "Once we know elderly women are particularly likely to have non-malignant abnormalities in their breasts, we also know that the statement 'banana trees are trees' can be considered false."]
|
Provided that the claim that plants remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere has no merit, we know that morality is only one generally effective means of promoting the end of maximizing happiness. Should it be the case that morality is only one generally effective means of promoting the end of maximizing happiness, it follows that insurance is a limited liability policy. On the condition that insurance is a limited liability policy, it is definitely the case that banana trees are trees. One may reasonably assume that if insurance is a limited liability policy, then elderly women are particularly likely to have non-malignant abnormalities in their breasts. Once we know elderly women are particularly likely to have non-malignant abnormalities in their breasts, we also know that the statement 'banana trees are trees' can be considered false.
|
The claim that plants remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere holds true.
|
The claim that plants remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere holds true.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [0].), then [2].
If [2], then [1].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [1], then [3].
If [1], then (Not [3].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
[SC2-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [1], then [4].
If [4], then (Not [3].).
Therefore, If [1], then (Not [3].)..
|
{0: 'Plants remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.', 1: 'Insurance is a limited liability policy.', 2: 'Morality is only one generally effective means of promoting the end of maximizing happiness.', 3: 'Banana trees are trees.', 4: 'Elderly women are particularly likely to have non-malignant abnormalities in their breasts.'}
| 4 |
3,664 |
["Whenever it is true that all fingers have two creases except for the thumb which has one, 'rotaviruses cause severe, dehydrating diarrhea in cows, pigs and infants' is true.", 'On the condition that young men find comfort, it is definitely the case that rotaviruses cause severe, dehydrating diarrhea in cows, pigs and infants.', "So long as the claim that if the notion that 'either all fingers have two creases except for the thumb which has one or young men find comfort' is untrue, then democrats still believe that social engineering can effect desirable change does not correspond with reality, 'animals react better to robots than humans' is true.", "The notion that 'animals react better to robots than humans' is untrue.", 'Either either most fleas cause irritation or answers give explanations or some people mistakenly believe that democrats still believe that social engineering can effect desirable change.', 'The claim that either most fleas cause irritation or answers give explanations does not correspond with reality.']
|
Whenever it is true that all fingers have two creases except for the thumb which has one, 'rotaviruses cause severe, dehydrating diarrhea in cows, pigs and infants' is true. On the condition that young men find comfort, it is definitely the case that rotaviruses cause severe, dehydrating diarrhea in cows, pigs and infants. So long as the claim that if the notion that 'either all fingers have two creases except for the thumb which has one or young men find comfort' is untrue, then democrats still believe that social engineering can effect desirable change does not correspond with reality, 'animals react better to robots than humans' is true. The notion that 'animals react better to robots than humans' is untrue. Either either most fleas cause irritation or answers give explanations or some people mistakenly believe that democrats still believe that social engineering can effect desirable change. The claim that either most fleas cause irritation or answers give explanations does not correspond with reality.
|
Many people rightly believe that rotaviruses cause severe, dehydrating diarrhea in cows, pigs and infants.
|
The statement that 'rotaviruses cause severe, dehydrating diarrhea in cows, pigs and infants' is incorrect.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then [3]. [SC1-2]
Not [3]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
[SC1-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then [3].).), then [6].
Not [6].
Therefore, If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then [3]..
[SC2-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [4] or [5].) or (Not [3].).
Not (Either [4] or [5].).
Therefore, Not [3]..
|
{0: 'Rotaviruses cause severe, dehydrating diarrhea in cows, pigs and infants.', 1: 'All fingers have two creases except for the thumb which has one.', 2: 'Young men find comfort.', 3: 'Democrats still believe that social engineering can effect desirable change.', 4: 'Most fleas cause irritation.', 5: 'Answers give explanations.', 6: 'Animals react better to robots than humans.'}
| 4 |
3,375 |
['Given that rods are cylindrical or cigar shaped objects that have been discovered appearing in the skies, it can be inferred that thin people lose body heat faster than overweight people.', 'It is rational to believe that either absorption is controlled by Vitamin D while excretion is controlled by parathyroid hormones or amateur radio is a technical as well as social and public service hobby that spans the entire world.', 'Assuming absorption is controlled by Vitamin D while excretion is controlled by parathyroid hormones, we know that rods are cylindrical or cigar shaped objects that have been discovered appearing in the skies.', 'The claim that ideas exist only in minds is true.', "On the condition that the statement 'if ideas exist only in minds, then if amateur radio is a technical as well as social and public service hobby that spans the entire world, then rods are cylindrical or cigar shaped objects that have been discovered appearing in the skies' can be considered false, it is definitely the case that flight is a very energy demanding method of locomotion compared to walking.", 'The statement that states flight is a very energy demanding method of locomotion compared to walking is false.']
|
Given that rods are cylindrical or cigar shaped objects that have been discovered appearing in the skies, it can be inferred that thin people lose body heat faster than overweight people. It is rational to believe that either absorption is controlled by Vitamin D while excretion is controlled by parathyroid hormones or amateur radio is a technical as well as social and public service hobby that spans the entire world. Assuming absorption is controlled by Vitamin D while excretion is controlled by parathyroid hormones, we know that rods are cylindrical or cigar shaped objects that have been discovered appearing in the skies. The claim that ideas exist only in minds is true. On the condition that the statement 'if ideas exist only in minds, then if amateur radio is a technical as well as social and public service hobby that spans the entire world, then rods are cylindrical or cigar shaped objects that have been discovered appearing in the skies' can be considered false, it is definitely the case that flight is a very energy demanding method of locomotion compared to walking. The statement that states flight is a very energy demanding method of locomotion compared to walking is false.
|
thin people lose body heat faster than overweight people.
|
Thin people tend to eat less fat and more complex carbohydrates.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then [1].
If [3], then [1]. [SC3-2]
Therefore, [1].
[SC3-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (If [3], then [1].). [SC1-3]
[4]
Therefore, If [3], then [1]..
[SC1-3]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [4], then (If [3], then [1].).).), then [5].
Not [5].
Therefore, If [4], then (If [3], then [1].)..
|
{0: 'Thin people lose body heat faster than overweight people.', 1: 'Rods are cylindrical or cigar shaped objects that have been discovered appearing in the skies.', 2: 'Absorption is controlled by Vitamin D while excretion is controlled by parathyroid hormones.', 3: 'Amateur radio is a technical as well as social and public service hobby that spans the entire world.', 4: 'Ideas exist only in minds.', 5: 'Flight is a very energy demanding method of locomotion compared to walking.'}
| 4 |
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