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Of course, this leaves many of her supporters shook. What are they supposed to do now? Tyrion is absolutely devastated, and forget about Jon — he’s a mess. How could his aunt/lover murder so many people, including children? Daenerys’ crew even took out some Lannister soldiers who had surrendered just because they “used” to serve Cersei. Absolute madness. Push obviously came to shove to Jon had to take her out. It’s awful because he burst in just as she’s about to finally sit on the throne she’s been pining after for years. Jon even tries to talk some sense into her, but that doesn’t work at all. There’s not a shred of reason or remorse left in the Mother of Dragons. All that’s left is this giddiness and greed surrounding finally acquiring the Iron Throne. What could be worse than all of that? Daenerys even ends up begging Jon to rekindle the romance with her. This is gross considering its a crazy ex-girlfriend spin that doesn’t fit her character in the slightest. After kissing her one last time, he stabs her. The poor woman never even got to “enjoy” the bloody fruits of her labor. Furthermore, while Jon seems like the perfect and weirdly romantic choice for this role, Arya also seemed to be in the running based on the previous week’s episode. Perhaps that would have been better. Perhaps fans would have gotten a death worthy of the Queen of Dragons. One that wasn’t anticlimactic and cliché.
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What happened to the physical Iron Throne? Drogon makes an appearance right after his mama breathes her last breath. It’s the most emotional moment in the entire episode, and a tear jerker to boot. After realizing she’s no longer of this earth he lets out a mighty roar. Fans wait with bated breath to see if perhaps Jon will die right after his lover. Nope, the dragon instead releases his hellfire and melts the Iron Throne. Now, this makes sense to some degree. Drogon is smart and he’s pieced together that it was the greed for the throne that resulted in Dany taking a hit. Still and all, burning Jon to a crisp for wielding the blade may have been just as shocking and more satisfying than this “cryptic” end to an era. Was Bran the right person to be king? King Bran? That doesn’t even sound great. It sounds like some retired 90s cereal that failed at pleasing kids on a global scale. After the queen is dethroned permanently, those left standing are now facing a conundrum. Who will fill the mad queen’s shoes? Needless to say, the remaining Daenerys supporters are pissed off. They’re seeking to take Jon and Tyrion’s lives, but without someone to make the order their desires go unfulfilled. Instead, those who are left — Arya, Bran, Brienne, Edmure, Gendry, Robin, Royce, Sansa, Sam, and some other random people — have to figure out the next move. Tyrion suggests the remaining folk just pick a king or queen. Who do they decide on? Bran. Bran has been one of the least helpful characters in the show and his storyline was spotty at best. Why the sudden surge into importance?
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Ultimately everyone agrees and Bran graciously accepts the pitch. Sansa gives them an ultimatum though: she wants the land to the North for herself which she gets, no questions asked. It goes without saying that both Arya and Sansa had amazing journeys and would have been great options for queen. What happened at the end of ‘Game of Thrones’? Daenerys is dead, as is basically all of King’s Landing. Bran is King with Tyrion as his Hand. Jon goes right on back to the Night’s Watch guarding who knows what. Grey Worm leads the Unsullied to Naath. Sansa gets crowned queen in the north and Arya randomly decides to check out what’s to the west of Westeros. We also have Sam (Grand Maester), Brienne (Lord Commander of the Kingsguard), Bronn (Lord of Highgarden + Master of Coin), Podrick Payne gets to join the Kingsguard and Davos becomes Master of Ships. Everyone here ended up exactly where they wanted to be. Talk about a sweet deal for a show that’s been built off of unfairness and tragedies. As one YouTube user commented, “Arya went west, Jon went North, Drogon went east and the show went south.” Ladies and gentleman welcome to one of the most confusing and anger-inducing finales in modern TV history. content-fw main-content /CONTENT 2020 Showbiz Cheat Sheet, All Rights Reserved.
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Rivers State Ministry of Health - Wikipedia CentralNotice Rivers State Ministry of Health From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search Rivers State Ministry of Health Ministry overview Jurisdiction Government of Rivers State Headquarters 2nd Floor, State Secretariat Port Harcourt, Rivers State , Nigeria 4°46′24″N 7°0′57″E  /  4.77333°N 7.01583°E  / 4.77333; 7.01583 Coordinates : 4°46′24″N 7°0′57″E  /  4.77333°N 7.01583°E  / 4.77333; 7.01583 Ministry executives Odagme Theophilus , Commissioner Somieari Lawrence Isaac-Harry, Permanent Secretary Website www .riversstatemoh .gov .ng The Rivers State Ministry of Health is a ministry of the Government of Rivers State that facilitates the provision of health services to residents and visitors in Rivers State, Nigeria . Its current headquarters is at 2nd Floor, State Secretariat Complex, Port Harcourt . Contents 1 Leadership 2 Organizational structure 2.1 Departments 3 Parastatals 4 List of Commissioners 5 See also 6 References 7 External links Leadership [ edit ] The Commissioner is in charge of overseeing the daily activities of the Ministry. [1] The Permanent Secretary supports the general policies and priorities of the government which operates within the context of the management practices and procedures created for the government as a whole. The Permanent Secretary also sees that major projects, policy formulation and direction, sectoral strategies and development plan for the Ministry are implemented. [2]
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Organizational structure [ edit ] Departments [ edit ] Administration Finance & Account Planning, Research & Statistics Pharmaceutical Services Medical Services Public Health Services Nursing Services Parastatals [ edit ] Rivers State Hospital Management Board Institutions College of Health Science and Technology School of Nursing School Of Midwifery Rivers State Primary Health Care Management Board List of Commissioners [ edit ] This list is incomplete ; you can help by expanding it . Emi Membere-Otaji (1999–2003) Solomon Enyinda Silas Eneyo Tamunoiyoriari Sampson Parker Odagme Theophilus (1999–present) See also [ edit ] Government of Rivers State References [ edit ] ^ "Office of the Commissioner" . Ministry of Health . Retrieved 19 December 2014 . ^ "Office of Permanent Secretary" . Ministry of Health . Retrieved 19 December 2014 . External links [ edit ] Official website v t e Government ministries of Rivers State Agriculture Budget and Economic Planning Chieftaincy and Community Affairs Commerce and Industry Culture and Tourism Education Energy and Natural Resources Employment Generation and Empowerment Environment Finance Health Housing Information and Communications Justice Lands and Survey Local Government Affairs Power Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Special Duties Sports Transport Urban Development Water Resources and Rural Development Women Affairs Works Youth Development NewPP limit report Parsed by mw1300 Cached time: 20161128044255 Cache expiry: 2592000 Dynamic content: false CPU time usage: 0.136 seconds
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http://web.archive.org/web/20191117220513id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts_III_p0
Kingdom Hearts III - Wikipedia CentralNotice Kingdom Hearts III From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Kingdom Hearts III Developer(s) Square Enix Business Division 3 Publisher(s) Square Enix Director(s) Tetsuya Nomura Tai Yasue Producer(s) Rie Nishi Designer(s) Tai Yasue Programmer(s) Hideki Matsuoka Tomohito Hano Artist(s) Tetsuya Nomura Writer(s) Tetsuya Nomura [1] Masaru Oka Composer(s) Yoko Shimomura Takeharu Ishimoto Tsuyoshi Sekito [2] Series Kingdom Hearts Engine Unreal Engine 4 Platform(s) PlayStation 4 , Xbox One Release JP : January 25, 2019 WW : January 29, 2019 Genre(s) Action role-playing Mode(s) Single-player Kingdom Hearts III [a] is a 2019 action role-playing game developed and published by Square Enix for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One . It is the twelfth installment in the Kingdom Hearts series, and serves as a conclusion of the "Dark Seeker saga" plot arc beginning with the original game. Set after the events of Kingdom Hearts 3D: Dream Drop Distance , returning protagonist Sora is joined by Donald Duck , Goofy , King Mickey and Riku in their search for the seven guardians of light as they attempt to thwart Xehanort 's plan to bring about a second Keyblade War. Their journey has them cross paths with characters and visit worlds based on different Disney and Pixar intellectual properties . Concepts for Kingdom Hearts III began as early as 2005 after the release of Kingdom Hearts II in Japan, with the game not being announced until 2013, following years of rumors and speculation. The game sees many returning gameplay features from the series, while expanding parties to five characters total, introducing new "Attraction Flow" attacks that incorporate various Disney Parks attractions, and minigames inspired by classic Walt Disney Productions Mickey Mouse cartoons in the style of 1980s LCD games. The game was built using Unreal Engine 4 .
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Kingdom Hearts III was released worldwide in January 2019, and was met with generally positive reviews from critics. It sold over five million copies within its first week of release, becoming both the fastest-selling and best-selling game in the series' history. [3] Contents 1 Gameplay 2 Story 2.1 Setting 2.2 Characters 2.3 Plot 3 Development 3.1 World selection 3.2 Design 3.3 Audio 3.3.1 Music 3.3.2 Voice cast 4 Release 4.1 Downloadable content 5 Reception 5.1 Sales 5.2 Accolades 6 Notes 7 References 8 External links Gameplay Gameplay in Kingdom Hearts III is similar to its predecessors, with hack and slash combat, [4] which director Tetsuya Nomura stated would be along the lines of the system seen in Kingdom Hearts II , with an evolution similar to what was seen from Kingdom Hearts to Kingdom Hearts II , and closely tied to the gameplay in Kingdom Hearts 3D: Dream Drop Distance . [5] [6] [7] He also revealed that the handheld games of the series were where he could experiment with the combat mechanics, and that some of the well-received additions could appear in Kingdom Hearts III . [5] [6] Nomura noted that new gameplay elements are the "skeleton" of the game, saying, "When creating a Kingdom Hearts game, we start with a gameplay system that I think would be a fun element, and once we have an idea of what kind of gameplay or system we want in place, we flesh out the story around it, surrounding the basic concept of what kind of fun we're going to have with this new installment." [8] Additionally, the development team "always want to try something new", taking previously introduced mechanics and making small "tweak[s]" to them so they are customized for Kingdom Hearts III . [9]
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Sora returns as the main playable character, once again joined in the party by Donald Duck and Goofy , [10] with the ability to have two additional characters join the party for a total of five-player parties. This is an increase from previous main entries in the series, where players were limited to two additional party members at any given time along with Sora. [11] Certain parts of the game have Riku and Aqua as playable characters. [12] Describing the gameplay, Nomura called the action "pretty frantic", as well as "really flashy and exciting. The enemy AI is a lot more intricate, too, and I think the gameplay will reflect that new dynamic balance." [13] Sora can perform magic , with a new, powerful tier of each spell available to him, similar to what Aqua has available to her in Kingdom Hearts 0.2: Birth by Sleep – A Fragmentary Passage . [14] Magic performs differently in underwater sections of the game, with Kingdom Hearts III introducing a new spell, Water. [15] Team-up attacks are also featured, which combine Sora and various party members into one attack. [16] [17] Players can equip various abilities for Sora and his party members, with the system to do so "an evolution of sorts" from the system used in Kingdom Hearts II . [18] Character summons make a return from previous entries, this time known as "Links", where an additional character joins the battle to assist the player with specialized attacks. [19]
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Sora performing an "Attraction Flow" attack that utilizes Disney Parks attractions, a new feature for Kingdom Hearts III Sora faces Heartless , Nobodies , and Unversed in the game, [20] with new variants of these enemy types appearing. [16] In addition to these traditional "smaller" enemies, the player faces giant bosses, which give "Sora greater freedom of movement and room to experiment with attacks—including the new theme-park-ride summon attacks," [8] known as "Attraction Flow". [21] These attacks are inspired by the Disney Parks attractions Mad Tea Party , Big Thunder Mountain Railroad , Buzz Lightyear Astro Blasters , [19] and Grizzly River Run , [22] and generic pirate ship and carousel attractions; [19] [23] these attacks draw visual inspiration from Disney Parks' Main Street Electrical Parade . [19] Sora also has the ability to jump on certain enemies, such as ones shaped like a vehicle. [13] Regarding traversal, Nomura noted the new mechanic, called "Athletic Flow" in Japanese, was refined from the Flowmotion mechanic from Dream Drop Distance , which players felt was "a little too free... and it was kind of hard to control on their end." [24] "Athletic Flow" allows the player to utilize the environment to access previously unreachable areas. [25] Co-director Tai Yasue stated this mechanic was created "to try something new" and "radically change the gameplay" for the Hercules world, which led to its use in the other worlds. As a result, each world was able to have "more height, scale and sense of discovery." [26]
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Situation Commands also return from previous entries, [27] which can trigger the Keyblade transformations. Nomura revealed that Keyblade transformations were conceived as early as the development of Kingdom Hearts II: Final Mix and would be similar to Aqua's ability in Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep , saying, "Each Keyblade transformation is unlocked by clearing all missions in one of [the game's] worlds, and each individual world offers its own unique Keyblade transformation." [8] [28] He further elaborated stating there were two forms each Keyblade can take, with "multiple layers in terms of transforming" starting with one transformation and achieving the second after "successfully connect[ing] your combos". [25] The Keyblade transformations active the various "Formchanges" [20] –Power, Guard, [29] [30] Magic, [30] and Speed– [30] [ better source needed ] and change Sora's outfit, [30] similarly to the "Drive Form" mechanic in Kingdom Hearts II . [29] Various Keyblades are linked to each form; [30] for example, the Toy Story world Keyblade actives Power Form for Sora, with the Keyblade's transformations changing into a hammer and then into a drill. [31] There is also "Second Form", which changes Sora's battle skills rather than transform the Keyblade. [32] Unlike previous games in the series, players are able to quickly switch between different Keyblades seamlessly during gameplay rather than from the game's equipment menu, [33] and each Keyblade can be leveled up to increase their abilities. [4] Shotlocks also return, which use a focus meter that can target and lock on to individual enemies with the attack depending on which Keyblade is equipped. [20]
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Each world offers a specific gameplay element, [34] such as first-person shooter "Gigas" mechs in the Toy Story world, [19] downhill sledding in the Frozen world, [15] and naval, underwater, and aerial combat in the Pirates of the Caribbean world, [35] which also features numerous smaller islands at sea which can be explored. [15] The Gummi Ship also returns as a means of travel between the different worlds of the game. [9] The mechanic has been split into two phases: exploration, which has been likened to being more open-world without a fixed travel route as in previous games; [36] [37] and combat, which has increased its scale from previous games, with more enemies present. [36] Gummi Ship customization also returns, [18] with more options available than in previous Kingdom Hearts games. [26] Various mini-games playable throughout Kingdom Hearts III , [38] including a cooking-themed game featuring Remy from Ratatouille , [38] and a music game one in the Tangled world. [39] Additionally, the "Classic Kingdom" features over 20 games presented in the style of 1980s LCD games such as Game & Watch , [40] [26] while the 100 Acre Wood world features puzzle games . [41] Members of the development team suggested each type of mini-game featured, with Nomura working on the "Classic Kingdom". [39] Kingdom Hearts III also has a "Memory Archive" features, which has several short films explaining the basic story elements of the series from the previous games. [26]
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Story Kingdom Hearts chronology Back Cover ( Unchained / Union ) χ Birth by Sleep A Fragmentary Passage Kingdom Hearts Chain of Memories 358/2 Days II Coded Dream Drop Distance A Fragmentary Passage III v t e Setting The story opens with the final scenes of Kingdom Hearts 0.2: Birth by Sleep – A Fragmentary Passage , and serves as a conclusion of the "Dark Seeker/Xehanort Saga" that occurs in most preceding games. [13] [42] Most of the worlds featured in the game inspired by Disney properties are new to the series, [43] [44] including the Kingdom of Corona (based on Tangled ), [45] [46] San Fransokyo ( Big Hero 6 ), [47] [48] and Arendelle ( Frozen ), [49] [50] and the Pixar -based worlds Toy Box ( Toy Story ) and Monstropolis ( Monsters, Inc. ). [51] [52] [36] [53] Two new original worlds created specifically for the game also appear: a limbo for dying hearts called the "Final World"; [ citation needed ] and Scala ad Caelum, a "seat of power" for past Keyblade wielders, where the game's final battle takes place. [54] [12] Returning Disney worlds include tutorial stage Olympus ( Hercules ), [48] [32] [4] the Caribbean ( Pirates of the Caribbean ), [35] [50] the 100 Acre Wood ( Winnie the Pooh ), [41] while original worlds include Twilight Town, [55] the Dark World, [56] the Land of Departure, [ citation needed ] and the Keyblade Graveyard. [57] Worlds such as Yen Sid 's Mysterious Tower, [58] Radiant Garden, [59] Disney Castle, [60] and the Destiny Islands [61] appear exclusively via cutscenes. The "Classic Kingdom" mini-games are inspired by classic Walt Disney Productions Mickey Mouse cartoons, including Giantland , The Karnival Kid , Musical Farmer , The Barnyard Battle , [40] The Klondike Kid , and Mickey's Mechanical Man . [62]
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The Toy Story , Monster's Inc. , and Big Hero 6 worlds feature original stories, with the former set between the events of Toy Story 2 and Toy Story 3 , and the latter two set after the events of their respective films. [63] [47] This is different from previous worlds in the series, which have often loosely followed plot lines from the films on which they were based, [64] including the Tangled , Frozen , and Pirates of the Caribbean worlds. [39] On the amount of worlds featured in the game, Nomura noted the development team focused on creating "rich gameplay in an individual world... designed so players can take their time and enjoy the gameplay that's available" opposed to having "multiple different little worlds". [64] Characters Sora returns as the protagonist of the game, alongside Donald Duck and Goofy. [44] Supporting characters also returning include Riku, Ienzo, [44] Kairi , [24] King Mickey , [44] Master Eraqus , [21] Terra , [65] Aqua , [66] Ventus , [67] Lea , [24] Ienzo , [59] Roxas , [68] Hayner, Pence, and Olette , [69] Jiminy Cricket , Chip 'n' Dale , Yen Sid, [60] Chirithy, [65] and Ansem the Wise . [12] Returning antagonists include Master Xehanort [44] and his various forms—his Heartless, Ansem; his Nobody, Xemnas; [70] his youthful incarnation, Young Xehanort; [31] and his primary vessel, Terra-Xehanort [65] — Marluxia , [36] Vanitas , [36] Larxene , [71] Xigbar , [72] Luxord , [73] Demyx , Vexen , [68] Saïx , [12] Riku's Replica, [74] and Disney characters Maleficent and Pete . [10]
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Disney characters who serve as members of Sora's party include the returning Hercules and Jack Sparrow , [10] [75] and new to the series, Woody and Buzz Lightyear , [51] Sulley and Mike Wazowski , [36] Rapunzel and Flynn Rider , [76] Baymax , [77] and Marshmallow. [78] Characters that appear as summon "Links" for Sora include Ariel from The Little Mermaid , [76] Dream Eaters , such as Meow Wow, from Dream Drop Distance , [79] Wreck-It Ralph from the film of the same name , [19] Simba from The Lion King , [80] and Stitch from Lilo & Stitch . [60] Additional Disney character appearances include Hades , [10] Lythos , [81] Hydros , Pegasus , [82] Megara , Phil , [69] Will Turner , Elizabeth Swann , Hector Barbossa , [83] Winnie the Pooh , Tigger , Piglet , Rabbit , Roo , Gopher , [84] and Scrooge McDuck , [12] with new characters Hamm , Rex , [51] Sarge and the Bucket O' Soldiers , [48] and the Squeeze Toy Aliens from Toy Story ; [85] Boo , Randall Boggs , and the CDA from Monsters, Inc. ; [36] [86] Anna , Elsa , Kristoff , Olaf , Sven , and Hans from Frozen ; [49] Joshamee Gibbs , Tia Dalma , Davy Jones , Cutler Beckett , and the Kraken from the Pirates of the Caribbean film series; [83] [87] Pyros , Stratos , Zeus , Apollo , Athena , and Hermes from Hercules ; [82] [69] Pascal and Maximus and Mother Gothel from Tangled ; [84] [88] Hiro Hamada , Go Go , Wasabi , Honey Lemon , and Fred from Big Hero 6 ; [77] and Lumpy from the Winnie the Pooh franchise, joining. [84] Remy from Ratatouille appears in one of the game's mini-games. [38] The Final Fantasy Moogle character returns as the item shopkeeper. [20]
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Most other Final Fantasy characters were excluded from the game as Tetsuya Nomura felt that they would detract from the story, [89] and that the Kingdom Hearts characters needed less support than they did before. [90] Plot Following Master Xehanort's return, Yen Sid begins preparing for seven Keyblade wielders to counteract Xehanort's plan to forge the χ-blade using a reconstituted Organization XIII. Sora, who was nearly taken over by Xehanort, [b] discovers that he has lost much of his own strength as a result. Accompanied by Donald Duck and Goofy, Sora resumes his travels across other worlds to regain his "power of waking", the ability to restore lost hearts. Meanwhile, Riku and King Mickey search the realm of darkness for Aqua, while Kairi and Lea train to properly wield their newly obtained Keyblades. During their travels, Sora and Riku are contacted by Ienzo, who discovers via Ansem the Wise's research data that Sora's body contains the hearts of Roxas, Ventus, and Xion. Riku surmises that the Organization's members from the past are using artificial human replicas created by Vexen as vessels that enable their existence in the present, which inspires Sora to restore Roxas by transferring his heart into a replica body. Meanwhile, the Heartless Ansem enters the realm of darkness and kidnaps Ansem the Wise, corrupting Aqua's heart in the process. However, Vexen reveals himself to be a double agent loyal to Ansem the Wise, whom he helps rescue before sending a spare replica to Ienzo for Roxas to inhabit.
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Riku and Mickey eventually locate and battle the corrupted Aqua in the realm of darkness. At the same time, Sora discovers Master Eraqus's Keyblade on the Destiny Islands and uses it to enter the dark realm, where he exorcises the darkness from Aqua and returns her to the realm of light. Sora, Donald, and Goofy then follow Aqua to Castle Oblivion, which she transforms back into the Land of Departure to awaken Ventus. When she is attacked by Vanitas, Sora rediscovers his power of waking and revives Ventus, who fends Vanitas off. The seven Keyblade wielders depart for the Keyblade Graveyard to battle the Organization, only to be quickly consumed by a swarm of Heartless summoned by the possessed Terra. Awakening in a limbo realm called the Final World, Sora is guided back to the realm of light by Kairi and uses the power of waking to revive his friends. Returning moments before their initial defeat, the guardians of light successfully destroy most of the Organization's members; in the process, Terra regains control of his body and reunites with Aqua and Ventus, while Lea reunites with Xion, whom Vexen recreated for the Organization, and Roxas, who regains his own heart to protect Lea and Xion. Once Xehanort remains the last Organization member, he provokes Sora into attacking him by destroying Kairi's body, allowing Xehanort to acquire the χ-blade and summon Kingdom Hearts. Using Xehanort's power of time travel against him, Sora, Donald, and Goofy transport him to his boyhood training grounds of Scala ad Caelum, where they defeat him. After the other Keyblade wielders rejoin them, Eraqus emerges from Terra as a spirit and convinces Xehanort to surrender. Xehanort dies shortly after and ascends together with Eraqus to the afterlife, while Sora and his friends use the χ-blade to close Kingdom Hearts and return to the Keyblade Graveyard. Sora decides to use the power of waking to revive Kairi; despite warnings that his repeated misuse of this power could result in him losing his heart, Sora promises to return. Afterwards, Sora's friends gather at the Destiny Islands for a celebration, where Kairi stays beside Sora before he fades away.
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In a post-credits scene , Xigbar, who survived the Keyblade War, retrieves Xehanort's Keyblade and summons four of the five Foretellers, revealing himself to be an incarnation of their fellow Keyblade apprentice, Luxu. He begins to recount his actions to the Foretellers, with Maleficent and Pete watching from afar. In a flashback to their youth, Eraqus and Xehanort begin a new game of chess that predicts a battle between Sora, Luxu, and the Foretellers. Development After Square Enix finished development of Kingdom Hearts II: Final Mix , Tetsuya Nomura was approached by Disney, who expressed interest in a sequel. In regard to a possible release of Kingdom Hearts III , Nomura said "We have various ideas, but we're not at the point where we can say that." He added that due to the development of Final Fantasy XV —titled Final Fantasy Versus XIII at the time— which was being developed by the Kingdom Hearts II team, it was "physically impossible at the present. I feel that it's not the right time to talk about the future of Kingdom Hearts ." [91] In response to questions about the secret film in Final Mix , Nomura noted that it was of a "new series" in Kingdom Hearts rather than Kingdom Hearts III . When asked about Kingdom Hearts III , Nomura noted that fans and partners alike were interested in its release, and would work to "realize it" as soon as possible. [92] In the Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep Ultimania guide book, Nomura announced three upcoming titles, one of which was Kingdom Hearts III . However, Final Fantasy XV was still his primary focus, preventing him from starting production on Kingdom Hearts III . [93] He later noted that Kingdom Hearts III would not see a release until after 2012, due to his continuing work on Final Fantasy XV , regardless of the tenth anniversary of the series occurring in that year. [94] The Nintendo 3DS video game Kingdom Hearts 3D: Dream Drop Distance was announced to connect to Kingdom Hearts III , both in terms of gameplay system and story. [95]
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Sony announced Kingdom Hearts III for the PlayStation 4 with a teaser trailer at its E3 2013 event in June 2013. [96] Square Enix later confirmed the game's cross-platform release for the Xbox One as a port of the PlayStation 4 version. [97] [98] Though some development and concepts for the game began during the seventh generation of video game consoles , it was always intended that the game would release during the eighth generation . [99] : 65 Unlike Kingdom Hearts and Kingdom Hearts II , which were developed by Square Enix's Product Development Division 1 team, Kingdom Hearts III was developed by Square Enix's 1st Production Department, who developed Birth by Sleep , Dream Drop Distance , and worked on the HD 1.5 Remix collection and Square Enix's Business Division 3. [100] [101] Rie Nishi serves as the game's producer. [102] The game began using the in-house Luminous Studio engine to develop the game after some initial development tests had been done using Unreal Engine 3 . [99] : 66 Directly after E3 2013, Nomura claimed that Kingdom Hearts III was announced "too early", based on where the game stood in development. He continued by saying, "Many fans were feeling impatient due to our continuous releases of spin-off titles, so we decided to announce it at the same time as Final Fantasy XV " . [103] Kingdom Hearts III is not intended to be the final game in the series, [42] and serves as the final chapter of the "Dark Seeker/Xehanort" saga. [13] [42] Series producer Shinji Hashimoto stated in September 2013 that since Nomura was director of both Kingdom Hearts III and Final Fantasy XV , it was expected that there would be a significant gap between the release of the two, "as [they] want each game to be perfect in terms of quality." Hashimoto also reiterated Nomura's statements about the game's announcement at E3 2013, as "the company thought it was about time it addressed speculation about the long-awaited conclusion to the trilogy." [104]
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A short teaser for the game appeared at the end of the Kingdom Hearts HD 2.5 Remix trailer at E3 2014. Yasue revealed that the sequence seen in the teaser was the opening scene for the game. He added that it was created by Nomura, who had "a real clear picture of [what] the starting sequence" should be, and that the text seen and heard was going to "be a real integral part of the story". [105] In September 2014, it was announced that Nomura would no longer be the director of Final Fantasy XV , focusing his attention on other projects, including Kingdom Hearts III . Nomura had been the director of Final Fantasy XV since the game was announced as Final Fantasy Versus XIII in 2006. [106] The following month, Nomura revealed that the game had switched to using Epic Games ' Unreal Engine 4 , due to a "variety of reasons", with the development team having the full support of Epic. [107] In January 2015, Yasue revealed that working on HD 2.5 Remix simultaneously allowed the developers to learn all the best qualities from the series to aid in creating III , saying "For III we want to evolve it in a new direction, but at the same time we don't want to change what is fundamental about Kingdom Hearts ." Additionally, he stated the Kingdom Hearts team was sharing knowledge with the Final Fantasy XV team to expand the game and get the most out of the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. [108] In June 2015, Nomura revealed that development was on track and that secret films were being considered. He also stated that the team had an internal release window they were trying to hit. [43] In August 2015, at D23 Expo 2015 , a world based on Big Hero 6 was announced. [47] In November 2015, new footage was shown at D23 Expo Japan 2015 , [109] footage which was cut from the E3 2015 trailer for time. [21]
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A gameplay trailer was released during the Kingdom Hearts Orchestra World Tour in Los Angeles in mid-June 2017. [10] [70] The next month, Nomura stated that a Nintendo Switch version of the game might be created, but wanted to focus on the development and promise of completing the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One versions before exploring other platform possibilities. [110] Commenting on the long development process, Nomura noted it was not due to problems with development or any choices made by the development team, but rather internal Square Enix corporate decisions, such as changing to the Unreal Engine 4 about a year into the game's development, which led to "extensive delays" and "a bit of time that needed to be rewinded and started over", and "certain timing and resources challenges within Square Enix", despite submitting and getting approved a plan for when more personal resources would be needed on the project. Regarding downloadable content (DLC) for the game, Nomura stated that "nothing is set in stone" regarding it, but he told the development team to "be prepared to be able to accommodate for something like that. We can't suddenly develop a system where we're accommodating for downloadable content. So it's not confirming or denying either way, but just so that the development team will be prepared". [111] He would later add that he wanted to have some sort of additional content for the game, but nothing in depth had been discussed. Nomura was open to potentially adding customizable accessories, as was able to be done in Kingdom Hearts 0.2: Birth by Sleep – A Fragmentary Passage with Aqua, as that feature does not return for Kingdom Hearts III . [112] Nomura also preferred DLC to expand or change the game over releasing a Final Mix version as had been done with some past entries in the series. [39]
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At D23 Japan 2018, Square Enix revealed the game was being developed in three sections, with approximately three worlds in each section. At that time, the worlds in the first section were said to be 90 percent complete and development of the middle section at around 60 percent. No update was given on the final section of the game, though Nomura stated its contents were "something he's always wanted to do and put into Kingdom Hearts , ever since the days of working on Final Fantasy ... It is bound to surprise everyone." [36] In April 2018, the "Classic Kingdom" mini-games were revealed for the game, while also announcing the games would be playable in the mobile game Kingdom Hearts Union χ . [40] A selection of the mini-games were made available in Union χ in its "χ3" mode added in September 2018, which enables players to obtain the "Starlight" Keyblade in Kingdom Hearts III by completing certain objectives. [113] By June 2018, the secret film for the game had been created. Additionally, Nomura revealed the development team was concerned with the size of the game and if it would fit on the game disc. To help with this, the team was turning some of the cutscenes into pre-rendered films to help reduce load times. [39] In a June 2018 interview with The Telegraph , Nomura had revealed that he had requested the use of Oswald the Lucky Rabbit in the game, but the response from Disney was that the character would "be too difficult to use," with no details or clarification as to why. [114] Nomura previously cited Oswald as one of his favorite Disney characters. [115]
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At E3 2018, worlds based on Frozen and Pirates of the Caribbean were revealed. [49] [35] Nomura also provided an update to the development of the Big Hero 6 world, revealing all the gameplay had been created, with the cutscenes still needing to be completed. [50] Shortly after, Square Enix released on their website short story recap videos for the series in Japanese. [18] These videos were the same that were included in the game's "Memory Archive" feature. [116] At X018 , a world based on Winnie the Pooh was revealed. [41] Shortly after, it was reported that the character of Winnie the Pooh would be censored in China . This was due to the Chinese government banning any depictions of the character after the character's appearance had been compared to that of Chinese president Xi Jinping . [117] To improve the Gummi Ship gameplay, a criticism in previous entries, the development team who created the scrolling shooter 1997 game Einhänder was brought in to handle this portion of the game, along with other programmers and engineers who have worked on driving games . [37] Development of the game was completed by November 20, 2018. [118] World selection Nomura revealed the Tangled world was one of the first determined to be in the game, as the development team wanted to include Rapunzel due to her strong personality and her hair, saying, "she is able to utilize her hair in such a way where she's whipping it around. She can even use it for attacks, and that was just so appealing, and we thought it would make for such great gameplay". [21] The Pirates of the Caribbean world was included because Nomura wanted at least one world based on a live-action Disney film, stating that the Caribbean location allowed for "interesting" gameplay opportunities. [119] He also chose to have the world be based on the third film, At World's End , over other films in the series, particularly Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest , because Dead Man's Chest is "setup" for At World's End and the game would "have to end [the story] in the middle as well". [35] The world also mimics the color palette from the film, being "deliberately washed-out", with the sky, for example being more grey-blue over "[t]he typical fantasy blue". [99] : 64
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Since the release of Kingdom Hearts II in 2005, The Walt Disney Company acquired Pixar , Marvel Entertainment , and Lucasfilm . When asked in 2013 if any of these properties would appear in Kingdom Hearts III , Nomura said he contacts Disney after he hears of an acquisition, though he noted that "Disney's pretty honest [on the possibility of an inclusion]. If the situation is really difficult, they'll say, it's really difficult. If it's impossible, they'll say it's impossible." [120] He later stated that even though the Disney Company had acquired these properties, Disney Interactive Studios may not necessarily have the ability to license the content due to existing deals, such as Disney's deal with Electronic Arts for Star Wars games. [121] Yasue added that they were "looking at all of Disney, the new ones as well" when choosing worlds for the game, including worlds potentially based on Marvel Comics and Star Wars properties. He expanded, saying, "We have to come up with a world that has a lot of originality. We want variety... so we don't want too many of one sort of world, that would look the same. For each world there has to be some meaning for it, in the plot... Also, gameplay-wise, is that world something that would make gameplay fun?" [122] Nomura had hoped to include a world based on Toy Story since Kingdom Hearts II , saying he felt "Sora really fit in and matched well with that world" and being "able to execute that into the game is something I'm really excited for." [64] Nomura felt Pixar worlds were extremely important to include in Kingdom Hearts , specifically one based on the film Toy Story , and stated he considered not making Kingdom Hearts III if he could not get the rights to use Pixar properties from Disney. This world was the first submitted to Pixar for approval shortly after the completion of Kingdom Hearts II , with Nomura presenting them a general outline of the story he had planned for the world. It would take Pixar "several years" to approve the story and character designs, as Nomura and Square Enix were negotiating through Disney, not with Pixar directly. [99] : 58, 61 In July 2017, at D23 Expo 2017 , the Toy Story world was revealed, [51] and the second Pixar world in the game, based on Monsters, Inc. , was revealed at D23 Expo Japan 2018 . [36]
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Nomura noted the approval process for each world was more difficult than with earlier games, because many of the worlds are based on some of Disney's more contemporary films, making it harder to take creative license with the worlds. [54] He explained, "Previous to Kingdom Hearts III , I think these companies kind of saw it more as like, secondary rights permissions. They saw it more as a product, like you would a branded toy or something." [99] : 61 Continuing, Nomura noted, "Because we are working with more recent titles, the staff who were on the original project are the ones we go to for approvals. For instance, Frozen . The staff is still there and they work with us on Frozen . Because we go directly to the creators, they have the most passion for their titles." [54] Design In June 2013, Nomura discussed the updated visuals, saying that the development team tried to return the character's texture to the original "paintbrush art from Disney productions". The resulting visuals were referred to as the Kingdom Shader. Nomura continued, "It may look like a pretty drastic change, but I see it as a rich evolution of everything we've shown you up to now." [13] Nomura also revealed that Sora is the same proportions as in previous games; however, they "muted the volume on his hair—it's not as wild." Regarding updating Sora's look from his Kingdom Hearts II design, Nomura noted that outfit's popularity, but felt "the desire to change it" since the game is the first numbered sequel since II ' s release. He added that the basis for the resulting design is a mix between Sora's costumes for Kingdom Hearts II and Dream Drop Distance , one that is "a lot more sleek and sporty" since "Sora does a lot more... acrobatic [and]... action-oriented movements". [21] Riku and King Mickey also receive updated outfits. [56]
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Speaking on the designs of the worlds, Nomura said the updated graphical capabilities allowed the development team "to depict the world[s] of the original film[s] as close to [their] original form as possible" after previously creating worlds to be "a stylized Kingdom Hearts world". [123] Disney shared basic polygon information with the development team, who ultimately had to remake all of the characters, animations, and environments from scratch. [99] : 65 Members of Pixar assisted with the Toy Story and Monster's Inc. world's creation, [64] [51] [124] and for the Pixar characters in the game, Pixar shared their actual character models with Square Enix and had the original character designers consult on the game "to make sure everything looked as true to the films as we could make it." [52] The design team would talk weekly with Disney, sharing their assets to receive feedback, with Disney sometimes asking "for minute alterations such as insisting a character show less teeth, having their eyelids move differently or their line of sight adjusted". The line of sight notes, which came from Pixar, "were instrumental in raising the general quality of the animation throughout" according to the development team. [99] : 65 Supporting characters can explore an environment on their own if Sora idles momentarily, sometimes triggering additional cutscene moments. For example, Rapunzel responds if an Aero spell is cast on a group of dandelions. Speaking specifically to interactions such as this with Rapunzel, Yasue said "finding and activating these moments builds trust with" her and can lead "to additional combat scenarios and treasure opportunities". [15]
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Audio Music Main article: Music of Kingdom Hearts The game's soundtrack was composed by long-time series composer, Yoko Shimomura , [102] and features additional contributions from Takeharu Ishimoto and Tsuyoshi Sekito . [125] As with the first two main Kingdom Hearts games, it has a theme song written and performed by Hikaru Utada , titled " Chikai " in Japanese and "Don't Think Twice" in English. [126] It serves as the game's ending theme. [127] An additional theme, titled " Face My Fears " by Skrillex , Poo Bear , and Utada, is used for the opening of the game. [128] Skrillex, a fan of the series, originally intended to remix "Don't Think Twice", before creating "Face My Fears", which also has a Japanese version. Both "Face My Fears" and "Don't Think Twice" were released on January 18, 2019. [129] [127] Voice cast English voice actors reprising their roles from previous games include Haley Joel Osment as Sora/Vanitas, [88] Bill Farmer as Goofy, Tony Anselmo as Donald Duck, [88] [130] David Gallagher as Riku/Riku Replica, Bret Iwan as Mickey Mouse, and Alyson Stoner as Kairi and Xion. [131] Many of the voice actors for the Disney and Pixar characters reprise their roles from their respective films. These include: Josh Gad as Olaf; Kristen Bell as Anna; Idina Menzel as Elsa; Jonathan Groff as Kristoff; Zachary Levi as Flynn Rider; Donna Murphy as Mother Gothel; John Ratzenberger as Hamm; Wallace Shawn as Rex; Tate Donovan as Hercules; Kevin McNally as Gibbs; [88] Susan Egan as Megara; [132] Ryan Potter as Hiro; Jamie Chung as Go Go; Scott Adsit as Baymax; Genesis Rodriguez as Honey Lemon; Khary Payton as Wasabi (who reprises the role from Big Hero 6: The Series replacing Damon Wayans Jr. from the film); [133] and T.J. Miller as Fred. [134] They are joined by Carlos Alazraqui as Mike Wazowski (who reprises the role from other video games, replacing Billy Crystal ) and Christopher Swindle as Sulley (replacing John Goodman ). [130] Rutger Hauer voices Master Xehanort, replacing Leonard Nimoy after his death in 2015, while Jason Dohring , Willa Holland , Jesse McCartney and Mark Hamill reprise their roles as Terra, Aqua, Ventus (and Roxas), and Master Eraqus from Kingdom Hearts: Birth by Sleep , respectively. Kingdom Hearts III also has full voice acting in optional dialogue moments outside of cut scenes, which is a first for the series. [81]
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Kingdom Hearts III only features English and Japanese voice acting and lip syncing, despite previous entries in the series having dubbing in other languages. Nomura noted that the development team wanted to prioritize a global simultaneous release for the game, and given the time and resources for recording the dialogue, this would not have been possible with additional language recordings. [135] Though the game has both English and Japanese voice acting, the game does not have the ability to switch between them, as the development team found this feature difficult to properly support. [39] A version of the game with Chinese subtitles will also be released. [136] Release Kingdom Hearts III was released for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on January 25, 2019 in Japan and other Asian countries, [66] [136] [39] and on January 29, 2019 elsewhere. [137] In July 2017, at D23, it was announced that the game would release in 2018. [51] Almost a year later, at an additional performance of the Kingdom Hearts Orchestra World Tour in Los Angeles, the game's North American release date was revealed to be January 29, 2019. [137] Nomura spoke to moving the game's release date outside of 2018, stating the development team had been told the original release date they had considered was not "good timing in the year" to release the game, especially considering "differences in holiday lengths and how stores behave in different regions". In addition, Square Enix requested the game be released as simultaneously as possible between Japan and the rest of the world, and not wanting to move up the release at the expense of development, resulted in the January 2019 date being chosen. [50] The game's epilogue was planned to be added to the game on January 26 for Japan and January 30 elsewhere, while the secret ending content was planned to be added worldwide on January 31, 2019. [116] This was done in order to help prevent them from leaking beforehand, since Nomura called them "the biggest spoilers" in the game. [138]
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A deluxe edition of the game features an art book, steelbook case, and collectible pin. Another edition, exclusive to the Square Enix store, includes Bring Arts figures of Sora, Donald, and Goofy in their Toy Box outfits in addition to the deluxe edition contents. [139] A limited edition Kingdom Hearts III -themed PlayStation 4 Pro and DualShock 4 controller was released on January 29, 2019, exclusive to GameStop and EB Games in North America. [140] Downloadable content Following the release of the game, Nomura confirmed the development of post-launch downloadable content, saying that the development team's current "top priority is on making DLC for KH3" with the intention of releasing a single content package of DLC in lieu of a separate "Final Mix" version like previous titles in the series. [141] A DLC episode entitled "Re:Mind" was officially announced in June 2019, to be released in Winter 2019. [142] Reception Reception Aggregate score Aggregator Score Metacritic PS4: 83/100 [143] XONE: 80/100 [144] Review scores Publication Score Destructoid 8/10 [145] EGM 7.5/10 [146] Famitsu 39/40 [147] Game Informer 9.5/10 [148] Game Revolution [149] GameSpot 8/10 [150] GamesRadar+ [151] IGN 8.7/10 [152] Jeuxvideo.com 16/20 [153] USgamer 4.5/5 [20] VideoGamer.com 4/10 [154] Kingdom Hearts III received "generally favorable" reviews, according to video game review aggregator Metacritic . [143] [144] Game Informer ' s Kimberley Wallace called Kingdom Hearts III "the series at its strongest", a game that "provide[d] satisfying answers to the biggest question marks" of the series. Regarding gameplay, Wallace thought "everything that worked in previous entries" was utilized, calling the combat "fast and fluid". Wallace was frustrated with some of the required quests in the various worlds, "but even with those frustrations, the expanded size and scope of the worlds in Kingdom Hearts III makes this the best and most varied collection of destinations in the franchise." Some additional disappointments in the game for Wallace was the Gummi Ship, the extra content such as some of the mini games, and the "repetitive boss battles toward the end". [148] Writing for IGN , Jonathon Dornbush praised the technical advancements for the game, but felt that came at the expense of the story, which at points had "stagnant pacing". The combat of Kingdom Hearts III was a surprise for Dornbush, as the "new elements help make battles into spectacles that keep them varied and fresh". He also called the Gummi Ship "wonderfully revamped" adding being more open world "gives so much more control over the ship [making] these sections a more palatable interstitial." Dornbush called the ending "the real payoff" of the game, with all of the final battles "satisfying on both narrative and gameplay levels" since each "hold such weight for the franchise". [152]
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Caty McCarthy of USgamer felt Kingdom Hearts III was "an all or nothing sort of game". She said, "So many modern JRPGs look only ahead or get too trapped in the past, but Kingdom Hearts III is comfortable in straddling both lines; moving onward where the series needs it, but hanging back in ways that would make it feel untrue to the system that birthed it." Regarding the story, McCarthy said the game "knows how to both hold the hands of players not familiar with the past 17 years of the series, as well as respect the knowledge of diehards" with all of the games in the series and various plot threads getting "some sort of nod". However, the reliance of frequent cutscenes led the game to feel "a tad outdated, pacing-wise". While the larger scope of the worlds were "more welcome" to McCarthy, and she enjoyed the designs of San Fransokyo, Kingdom of Corona, and The Caribbean, Monstropolis and Olympus "[fell] flat", with Monstropolis "largely just a bunch of boring hallways and factory rooms" and Olympus having "a bit of a 'been there, done that' vibe". Calling the combat "chaos", McCarthy noted there was enough variety in it to distinguish itself from other entries in the series, but felt the Attraction Flow attacks were "the weakest new addition" and playing the game on "Normal" mode was not much of a challenge overall. [20] Writing for GamesRadar+ , Rachel Weber said, "Whatever the flaws, there is nothing quite like Kingdom Hearts III , and it's a wild, wonderful ride as a result." She added, "no battle, no matter how big... or small, is ever boring" but called the Gummi Ship sections "the blandest part of the game". One of her favorite parts was the cooking mini game with Remy from Ratatouille and, conversely, felt the Pirates of the Caribbean world was "joyless" and "the only time the magic [of the game] failed". [151]
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Tamoor Hussain of GameSpot called Kingdom Hearts III an overall "enjoyable, if uneven, third entry" in the series. Hussain was critical of some of the story and felt some of the worlds "feel either empty or lacking in what they offer", but did praise the design of the worlds, while also enjoying the amount of gameplay variety. While the combat felt "fast, frenetic, and spectacular in its cinematic flourishes", Hussain noted the game should be played on the "Proud" mode difficulty "if you want the game to challenge you". Speaking to the game's ending, Hussain felt there was "heavy-handed storytelling that inevitably culminates in battles that are impressive set-pieces but feel cheap and spammy to play" with the story wrapping up "in an incredibly unfulfilling way." [150] In an unscored review, Polygon ' s Allegra Frank was more critical of Kingdom Hearts III calling it "little more than a lackluster leftover from 2006" as it had "a flat story, repetitive gameplay, and very few surprises." Frank felt Sora's characterization was "off", with his positive attitude continuing as if the events of previous games in the series "have had zero impact on him". Regarding the various worlds, Frank called them "lifeless dioramas... with fewer details and references to the films themselves". She ultimately concluded that Kingdom Hearts III was "an example of what can go wrong when a series that once stood in contrast to its peers as a lighthearted alternative loses its way". [155]
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The absence of Final Fantasy characters, apart from the Moogle, in Kingdom Hearts III drew ire from some fans, however. [156] Sales In its debut week, the game topped the EMEAA (Europe, Middle East, Africa, Asia) charts, in terms of both unit sales and gross revenue. [157] In Japan, the game debuted at the top of the Media Create charts with 610,077 retail sales, above Resident Evil 2 . [158] [159] It also debuted at the top of the UK charts, with Kingdom Hearts III more than doubling the launch week sales of Kingdom Hearts II . [160] In North America, it was the top-selling game in January 2019, [161] and the third top-selling game in February 2019 (behind new releases Anthem and Jump Force ). [162] Kingdom Hearts III is the overall top-selling game in North America during the first two months of 2019, exceeding the sales of Kingdom Hearts II by over 80% during the same time span. [163] On February 4, 2019, Square Enix announced that more than 5 million copies were sold, becoming the fastest-selling title in the franchise, [164] less than two weeks after its release. [157] Accolades Kingdom Hearts III was nominated by IGN for the Best Game of E3 2018, Best PlayStation 4 Game of E3 2018, Best Xbox One Game of E3 2018, and Best Action Game of E3 2018. [165] It also won the Momocon E3 Choice 2018 Game Award, and was nominated for Unreal's E3 awards. [166]
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Notes ^ Kingdom Hearts III ( Japanese : キングダム ハーツIII , Hepburn : Kingudamu Hātsu Surī ) ^ As depicted in the 2012 game Kingdom Hearts 3D: Dream Drop Distance . References ^ Cecily (January 24, 2019). "Nomura discusses unlocking KINGDOM HEARTS 3's secret ending and future simultaneous releases" . KH Insider . Retrieved April 20, 2019 . ^ Leamax (March 13, 2019). "Kingdom Hearts III music interviews with Keiji Kawamori, Takeharu Ishimoto, and Tsuyoshi Sekito" . KH13 . Retrieved April 20, 2019 . ^ Arielle (April 23, 2019). "KINGDOM HEARTS 3 remains best-selling game of 2019, best-selling game of franchise" . KH Insider . Retrieved June 12, 2019 . ^ a b c Polanco, Tony (July 16, 2018). "Hands-On: Kingdom Hearts 3 is Fun Even if You've New to the Series" . Geek.com . Archived from the original on August 14, 2018 . Retrieved August 14, 2018 . ^ a b Splechta, Mike (June 26, 2013). "Tetsuya Nomura discusses Kingdom Hearts 1.5, Kingdom Hearts 3 and Final Fantasy 15" . GameZone. Archived from the original on August 13, 2013 . Retrieved June 28, 2013 . ^ a b Square Enix (June 25, 2013). Square Enix Presents E3 2013 – Day1 [#03] – KINGDOM HEARTS HD 1.5 ReMIX Interview . YouTube . Archived from the original on October 15, 2014 . Retrieved June 28, 2013 .
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^ Martens, Todd (July 26, 2013). "Tetsuya Nomura is ready – at last – for 'Kingdom Hearts 3" to progress" . Los Angeles Times . Archived from the original on July 28, 2013 . Retrieved July 28, 2013 . ^ a b c Corriea, Alexa Ray (June 16, 2015). "Kingdom Hearts III Shows Sora at His Most Powerful" . GameSpot . Archived from the original on June 18, 2015 . Retrieved June 17, 2015 . ^ a b Wallace, Kimberley (July 15, 2017). "Gummi Ship Confirmed For Kingdom Hearts III" . Game Informer . GameStop . Archived from the original on July 17, 2017 . Retrieved July 16, 2017 . ^ a b c d e Yin-Poole, Wesley (June 11, 2017). "New Kingdom Hearts 3 gameplay trailer shows off Sora, Donald Duck and Goofy" . Eurogamer . Archived from the original on June 11, 2017 . Retrieved June 11, 2017 . ^ Dornbush, Jonathon; Schwartz, Terri (July 15, 2017). "Kingdom Hearts 3 Director Hints at Second Playable Character" . IGN . Archived from the original on July 16, 2017 . Retrieved July 16, 2017 . ^ a b c d e Madsen, Hayes (December 17, 2018). "Every Secret in Kingdom Hearts III's New Trailer You Probably Missed" . Twinfinite. Archived from the original on December 17, 2018 . Retrieved December 17, 2018 .
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^ a b c d e Gifford, Kevin (June 19, 2013). "Kingdom Hearts 3 detailed by game director Tetsuya Nomura" . Polygon . Archived from the original on June 23, 2013 . Retrieved June 19, 2013 . ^ Osborn, Alex (July 16, 2017). "Kingdom Hearts 3 Director Confirms Gummi Ship Will Return, New Magic Ability Tiers" . IGN . Archived from the original on July 17, 2017 . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ a b c d Dornbush, Jonathon (January 17, 2019). "Kingdom Hearts 3 Preview: A Sea of Possibilities" . IGN . Archived from the original on January 18, 2019 . Retrieved January 18, 2019 . ^ a b Futter, Mike (June 16, 2015). "Kingdom Hearts 3 Sends Sora And Friends to the World of Tangled" . Game Informer . Game Stop . Archived from the original on June 17, 2015 . Retrieved June 17, 2015 . ^ Fillari, Alessandro (May 18, 2018). "Kingdom Hearts 3 Shows The Series' Charm Has Not Gone Away" . Game Spot . Archived from the original on May 18, 2018 . Retrieved May 18, 2018 . ^ a b c Dornbush, Jonathon (June 19, 2018). "E3 2018: 6 Gameplay, Story Details We Learned From Kingdom Hearts 3's Director" . IGN . Archived from the original on June 19, 2018 . Retrieved June 19, 2018 .
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^ a b c d e f McWhertor, Michael (May 18, 2018). "Kingdom Hearts 3 is a whimsical spectacle full of Disney cheer" . Polygon . Archived from the original on May 18, 2018 . Retrieved May 18, 2018 . ^ a b c d e f McCarthy, Caty (January 24, 2019). "Kingdom Hearts 3 Review" . USgamer . Archived from the original on January 25, 2019 . Retrieved January 24, 2019 . ^ a b c d e Romano, Sal (June 16, 2015). "Tetsuya Nomura and Tai Yasue talk Kingdom Hearts III and Unchained Chi at E3" . Gematsu. Archived from the original on June 18, 2015 . Retrieved June 19, 2015 . ^ Jonathon Dornbush (May 21, 2018). "E3 2018: How Kingdom Hearts 3 Recaptures That Disney Magic" . IGN . Archived from the original on May 22, 2018 . Retrieved May 21, 2018 . ^ Ratcliffe, Amy (June 10, 2018). "Kingdom Hearts III Release Date Announced and Ratatouille Revealed" . Nerdist . Archived from the original on June 11, 2018 . Retrieved June 10, 2018 . ^ a b c Dornbush, Jonathon; Schwartz, Terri (July 18, 2017). "8 Cool Things We Learned About Kingdom Hearts 3 at D23 Expo" . IGN . Archived from the original on July 18, 2017 . Retrieved July 18, 2017 . ^ a b Wallace, Kimberley (July 16, 2017). "Nomura Reveals More on Kingdom Hearts III's Keyblade Transformations And Summons" . Game Informer . GameStop . Archived from the original on July 17, 2017 . Retrieved July 17, 2017 .
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^ Riendeau, Danielle (June 16, 2015). "Watch the Kingdom Hearts 3 gameplay trailer" . Polygon . Archived from the original on June 16, 2015 . Retrieved June 16, 2015 . ^ Kingdom Hearts [@KingdomHearts] (August 14, 2015). "The Heartless Dandelions make quite an entrance in Rapunzel's Kingdom of Corona in the #kingdomhearts III trailer!" (Tweet). Archived from the original on June 14, 2018 . Retrieved August 17, 2015 – via Twitter . ^ a b c Silva, Marty (August 16, 2015). "D23 2015: Kingdom Hearts 3 Adds Big Hero 6 World" . IGN. Archived from the original on August 16, 2015 . Retrieved August 16, 2015 . ^ a b c "Kingdom Hearts III Goes To Infinity And Beyond" . Square Enix . July 15, 2017. Archived from the original on July 16, 2017 . Retrieved July 16, 2017 . ^ a b c Kohler, Chris (June 10, 2018). "Disney's Frozen Is A World in Kingdom Hearts III" . Kotaku . Archived from the original on June 11, 2018 . Retrieved June 10, 2018 . ^ a b c d Dornbush, Jonathon (June 12, 2018). "E3 2018: Kingdom Hearts 3 Director Comments on Delay to 2019, Why We Haven't Seen Big Hero 6's World" . IGN . Archived from the original on June 13, 2018 . Retrieved June 13, 2018 .
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^ Dunsmore, Kevin (December 18, 2015). "Square Enix Releases New Kingdom Hearts III and 2.8 Final Chapter Prologue Footage" . Hardcore Gamer . Archived from the original on December 20, 2015 . Retrieved December 19, 2015 . ^ a b Kingdom Hearts [@KINGDOMHEARTS] (December 14, 2018). "Having regained their humanity, Ienzo and Lea appear to have joined our heroes! Ienzo dedicates himself to his research in Radiant Garden while helping Sora and his allies. Meanwhile, Lea now wields a Keyblade, and throws himself into daily training alongside Kairi" (Tweet). Archived from the original on December 14, 2018 . Retrieved December 14, 2018 – via Twitter . ^ a b c Murphy, Eoghan (December 14, 2018). "New Kingdom Hearts 3 Screenshots Showcase Jiminy Cricket, Chip and Dale, Stitch, and More" . Dual Shockers. Archived from the original on December 14, 2018 . Retrieved December 14, 2018 . ^ Kingdom Hearts (September 17, 2018). KINGDOM HEARTS III – TGS Big Hero 6 Trailer (Closed Captions) . YouTube . Retrieved September 18, 2018 . ^ Kingdom Hearts [@KINGDOMHEARTS] (January 18, 2019). "These Classic Kingdom mini-games may look humble, but are not to be taken lightly. Play them through Sora's Gummiphone in #KingdomHearts III, or get a sneak peek at some in #KHUX now! [Photos of the games The Klondike Kid, Mickey's Mechanical Man, and Mickey's Kitten Catch]" (Tweet). Archived from the original on January 19, 2019 . Retrieved January 19, 2019 – via Twitter .
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^ McWhertor, Michael (November 20, 2018). "Kingdom Hearts 3 is finally done, Tetsuya Nomura says" . Polygon . Archived from the original on November 20, 2018 . Retrieved November 20, 2018 . ^ Wallace, Kimberley (June 12, 2018). "There Are More Worlds To Kingdom Hearts III Than We've Seen So Far" . Game Informer . Game Stop . Archived from the original on June 13, 2018 . Retrieved June 12, 2018 . ^ Silva, Marty (June 12, 2013). "E3 2013: Kingdom Hearts' Creator Speaks on Disney's Recent Acquisitions" . Archived from the original on June 15, 2013 . Retrieved June 12, 2013 . ^ Minotti, Mike (June 16, 2015). "Star Wars in Kingdom Hearts III? Nomura says it's complicated" . Venture Beat. Archived from the original on June 21, 2015 . Retrieved June 19, 2015 . ^ MacDonald, Keza (December 2, 2014). "Marvel and Star Wars are "Not Off-Limits" for Kingdom Hearts 3" . Kotaku . Archived from the original on June 14, 2018 . Retrieved December 2, 2014 . ^ Wallace, Kimberley (September 2017). "Kingdom Hearts III Reaches for the Stars". Game Informer . GameStop . 27 (293): 65–67. With Kingdom Hearts III, I feel like we were able to recreate the world of the original CG film pieces close to its original quality in terms of its graphics and the look of the different worlds," Nomura says. "Up until then, we created the worlds so that it looks like it is a stylized Kingdom Hearts world, but now with Kingdom Hearts III, we were able to depict the world of the original film as close to its original form as possible.
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^ Donaldson, Alex (May 21, 2018). "Best of 2018: How Pixar and Square Enix collaborated to bring Toy Story and Monsters Inc to Kingdom Hearts 3" . VG247 . Retrieved July 13, 2019 . ^ "石元丈晴氏×野村哲也氏が初対談!『ディシディアFF NT』サウンドトラック発売記念インタビュー" . Famitsu (in Japanese). February 28, 2018 . Retrieved March 1, 2018 . English translation via "Nomura confirms Takeharu Ishimoto and Tsuyoshi Sekito are working on Kingdom Hearts 3 Soundtrack" . KH Insider. March 1, 2018. Archived from the original on March 2, 2018 . Retrieved March 1, 2018 . ^ Ashcraft, Brian (February 10, 2018). "Listen To Kingdom Hearts III's Theme Song By Utada Hikaru" . Kotaku . Archived from the original on February 10, 2018 . Retrieved February 10, 2018 . ^ a b Beckwith, Michael (September 28, 2018). "Kingdom Hearts 3 Opening Song Created By Skrillex and Utada" . GameRant. Archived from the original on September 28, 2018 . Retrieved September 28, 2018 . ^ Groux, Christopher (September 22, 2018). " ' Kingdom Hearts 3' Opening Theme Written By Skrillex, Utada Hikaru & Poo Bear" . Newsweek . Archived from the original on September 22, 2018 . Retrieved September 22, 2018 . ^ Ashcraft, Brian (September 28, 2018). "Utada Hikaru And Skrillex Team Up For Kingdom Hearts III Music" . Kotaku . Archived from the original on September 28, 2018 . Retrieved September 28, 2018 .
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^ a b "Celebrities and Industry VIPs Among The First To Play in the Kingdom Hearts Worlds of Disney and Pixar" (Press release). Square Enix . May 21, 2018. Archived from the original on May 22, 2018 . Retrieved May 21, 2018 . ^ "Alyson Stoner comments on voicing Kairi in Kingdom Hearts III: "This was the most fun out of all of them...You'll see why! " " . KH13.com. November 26, 2018. Archived from the original on November 27, 2018 . Retrieved November 27, 2018 . ^ Egan, Susan [@IamSusanEgan] (October 20, 2018). "The gang's all here! #kingdomhearts3 LOVED voicing my gal again! #MyFriendsCallMeMeg" (Tweet). Archived from the original on October 22, 2018 . Retrieved October 21, 2018 – via Twitter . ^ Franzese, Tomas (November 7, 2018). "Kingdom Hearts III Sees Most of the Big Hero 6 Voice Cast Reprising Their Roles" . Dual Shockers. Archived from the original on November 7, 2018 . Retrieved November 7, 2018 . ^ Miller, T.J. [@nottjmiller] (November 7, 2018). "I am in the video game. Never underestimate my voice... it is everywhere...(ghost noises)" (Tweet). Archived from the original on November 7, 2018 . Retrieved November 7, 2018 – via Twitter . ^ Alonso, Álvaro (August 22, 2018). "Kingdom Hearts 3 – Entrevistamos a Tetsuya Nomura, director de la saga" (in Spanish). Hobby Consolas. Archived from the original on November 27, 2018 . Retrieved November 27, 2018 . English translation via KHInsider ( Archived on November 27, 2018)
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^ a b "Kingdom Hearts III (Japanese・English Version), the Official Sequel to Disney and Square Enix's Kingdom Hearts Series, and PlayStation®4 Pro Kingdom Hearts III Limited Edition Confirmed to Be Released Additionally, Kingdom Hearts III (Chinese subtitle Version) Localiation Confirmed!" (Press release). Sony Interactive Entertainment Hong Kong Limited. November 22, 2018. Archived from the original on November 27, 2018 . Retrieved November 27, 2018 . ^ a b Wallace, Kimberley (June 10, 2018). "Kingdom Hearts III Finally Gets A Release Date" . Game Informer . GameStop . Archived from the original on June 10, 2018 . Retrieved June 10, 2018 . ^ Good, Owen S. (December 16, 2018). "Kingdom Hearts 3 leaks, director pleads for community not to share spoilers" . Polygon . Archived from the original on December 16, 2018 . Retrieved December 16, 2018 . ^ Glagowski, Peter (June 11, 2018). "Kingdom Hearts III gets two collector's editions and one has action figures!" . Destructoid . Archived from the original on June 12, 2018 . Retrieved June 11, 2018 . ^ McWhertor, Michael (December 14, 2018). "Kingdom Hearts 3 limited edition PS4 Pro coming Jan. 29" . Polygon . Archived from the original on December 14, 2018 . Retrieved December 14, 2018 . ^ Dchiuch (March 4, 2019). "The big Tetsuya Nomura interview from Kingdom Hearts III Ultimania has been translated in full" . KH13 . Retrieved March 9, 2019 .
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^ Square Enix (June 10, 2019). Kingdom Hearts III - E3 2019 ReMind DLC Trailer - PS4 . YouTube . Retrieved June 12, 2019 . ^ a b "Kingdom Hearts III for PlayStation 4 Reviews" . Metacritic . CBS Interactive . Retrieved March 19, 2019 . ^ a b "Kingdom Hearts III for Xbox One Reviews" . Metacritic . CBS Interactive . Retrieved February 14, 2019 . ^ Carter, Chris (January 28, 2019). "Review: Kingdom Hearts III" . Destructoid . Retrieved January 29, 2019 . ^ Schaefer, Emma (February 1, 2019). "Kingdom Hearts III Review" . Electronic Gaming Monthly . Retrieved February 7, 2019 . ^ "キングダム ハーツIII レビュー・評価・感想 (PS4)" . Famitsu . Enterbrain . Retrieved February 7, 2019 . ^ a b Wallace, Kimberley (January 24, 2019). "Kingdom Hearts 3 Review - A Main Attraction Worth Waiting For" . Game Informer . Game Stop . Archived from the original on January 24, 2019 . Retrieved January 24, 2019 . ^ Russell, Brandon (January 29, 2019). "Kingdom Hearts 3 review" . Game Revolution . Retrieved January 29, 2019 . ^ a b Hussain, Tamoor (January 24, 2019). "Kingdom Hearts 3 Review" . Game Spot . Archived from the original on January 24, 2019 . Retrieved January 24, 2019 . ^ a b Weber, Rachel (January 24, 2019). "Kingdom Hearts 3 Review: "I'm not sure how I lived without its Mickey Mouse shaped madness in my life " " . GamesRadar+ . Archived from the original on January 25, 2019 . Retrieved January 24, 2019 .
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^ a b Dornbush, Jonathon (January 24, 2019). "Kingdom Hearts 3 Review" . IGN . Archived from the original on January 24, 2019 . Retrieved January 24, 2019 . ^ Anagund (February 4, 2019). "Test du jeu Kingdom Hearts III : Un opus magnifique, non sans défauts" . Jeuxvideo.com . Webedia . Retrieved February 7, 2019 . ^ Wise, Josh (February 1, 2019). "Kingdom Hearts 3 review" . Videogamer.com . Retrieved February 23, 2019 . ^ Frank, Allegra (January 24, 2019). "Kingdom Hearts 3 ends the series with a whimper" . Polygon . Archived from the original on January 24, 2019 . Retrieved January 24, 2019 . ^ "Kingdom Hearts 3: Where Are the Final Fantasy Characters?" . Game Rant . February 6, 2019 . Retrieved February 20, 2019 . ^ a b "Kingdom Hearts III crowned at top of EMEAA charts in debut week" . GamesIndustry.biz . February 8, 2019 . Retrieved March 29, 2019 . ^ "Media Create Sales: 1/21/19 – 1/27/19" . Gematsu . January 30, 2019 . Retrieved January 30, 2019 . ^ "「KINGDOM HEARTS III」61万本,「バイオハザード RE:2」25万2000本の「週間販売ランキング+」" . 4Gamer.net (in Japanese). January 30, 2019 . Retrieved January 30, 2019 . ^ "Kingdom Hearts III conquers UK charts with impressive debut week" . GamesIndustry.biz . February 3, 2019 . Retrieved February 4, 2019 . ^ Kato, Matthew (February 20, 2019). "Kingdom Hearts III Takes NPD January" . Game Informer . Retrieved March 27, 2019 .
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^ "NPD: Anthem was the best-selling game in February" . GamesIndustry.biz . March 20, 2019 . Retrieved March 27, 2019 . ^ "February 2019 NPD: Anthem and Jump Force top software sales" . VentureBeat . March 19, 2019 . Retrieved March 27, 2019 . ^ " ' Kingdom Hearts III' (ALL) Sells 5 Million Units, Becomes Fastest Selling Title In Franchise's History" . WorthPlaying . Retrieved February 20, 2019 . ^ "Best of E3 2018 Awards" . IGN . June 15, 2018. Archived from the original on June 15, 2018 . Retrieved June 18, 2018 . ^ KH13.com [@KH13com] (June 12, 2018). "It's only the first day of E3 and Kh has already won Momocon E3 Choice 2018 Game Award, and nominated by IGN for Best of E3 and is also a candidate for Unreal E3 Awards 2018!" (Tweet). Archived from the original on June 14, 2018 . Retrieved June 13, 2018 – via Twitter . External links Wikiquote has quotations related to: Kingdom Hearts III Official website Kingdom Hearts III on IMDb v t e Kingdom Hearts List of media Console games Kingdom Hearts II III Handheld games Chain of Memories Coded 358/2 Days Birth by Sleep Dream Drop Distance χ HD Collections HD 1.5 Remix HD 2.5 Remix HD 2.8 Final Chapter Prologue Characters Sora Organization XIII Roxas Terra
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Ventus Aqua Music Yoko Shimomura " Hikari " " Passion " " Face My Fears " " Chikai " Other Universe Mobile The World Ends with You World of Final Fantasy Book Category v t e Disney's Frozen Feature films Frozen (2013) soundtrack accolades Frozen 2 (2019) soundtrack Short films Frozen Fever (2015) Olaf's Frozen Adventure (2017) Characters Anna Elsa Kristoff Olaf Sven Hans Theatre Frozen (musical) Music " Frozen Heart " " Do You Want to Build a Snowman? " " For the First Time in Forever " " Love Is an Open Door " " Let It Go " " Reindeer(s) Are Better Than People " " In Summer " " Fixer Upper " " Making Today a Perfect Day " " Monster " Attractions Arendelle: World of Frozen Frozen Ever After For the First Time in Forever: A Frozen Sing-Along Celebration Frozen – Live at the Hyperion Video games Frozen: Olaf's Quest Frozen Free Fall Related " The Snow Queen " The Story of Frozen: Making a Disney Animated Classic The Art of Frozen Once Upon a Time (season 4) Kingdom Hearts III Category Disney portal Speculative fiction portal Video games portal NewPP limit report Parsed by mw1264 Cached time: 20191117150342 Cache expiry: 2592000 Dynamic content: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 2.520 seconds Real time usage: 2.841 seconds
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http://web.archive.org/web/20191205034731id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruella_de_Vil_p0
Cruella de Vil - Wikipedia CentralNotice Cruella de Vil From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search This article is about the character. For the song, see One Hundred and One Dalmatians . For the 1980s post-punk band, see Cruella de Ville . Animated character in Disney films Cruella de Vil Cruella de Vil as she appears in Disney's One Hundred and One Dalmatians . First appearance The Hundred and One Dalmatians (1956) Created by Dodie Smith Based on Cruella de Vil from 1956 novel by Dodie Smith Portrayed by Glenn Close ( 1996 and 2000 films) Rachel York ( Musical adaptation ) Sara Gettelfinger (Musical replacement) Victoria Smurfit ( Once Upon a Time ) Wendy Raquel Robinson ( Descendants ) Emma Stone ( Cruella ) Voiced by Betty Lou Gerson ( One Hundred and One Dalmatians ) Susanne Blakeslee ( 101 Dalmatians II: Patch's London Adventure ) April Winchell ( TV series ) Tress MacNeille ( TV series ; two episodes ) Barbara Goodson ( Disney on Ice ) Information Nickname Ella de Vil Title Devil woman Occupation Socialite , fashion magnate Affiliation Disney villains Spouse Unnamed husband (in novel only) Children Carlos de Vil (Descendants) Nationality English Cruella de Vil [A] is a fictional character created by English author Dodie Smith as the main antagonist of her 1956 novel The Hundred and One Dalmatians . The character appears in Walt Disney Pictures ' 1961 animated adaptation of the novel, 101 Dalmatians , in which she is voiced by Betty Lou Gerson ; and in Disney's 1996 live-action 101 Dalmatians , in which she is portrayed by Glenn Close ; and in many other Disney-produced sequels and spin-offs.
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The character became a pop-culture icon and a famous symbol for evil. Cruella ranked 39th on AFI's list "100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains" . [1] Contents 1 Name 2 Appearances 2.1 The Hundred and One Dalmatians novel 2.2 Animated films 2.3 Live-action films 2.4 Animated series 2.5 Stage musical 2.6 Kingdom Keepers 2.7 Once Upon a Time 2.8 Descendants 3 In popular culture 3.1 Parodies 4 Notes 5 References 6 External links Name [ edit ] Cruella's name is a pun of the words cruel and devil , an allusion which is emphasized by having her English country house nicknamed "Hell Hall". [2] In some translations, for instance in Polish, Cruella De Vil is known as "Cruella De Mon", a play on "demon". In Italian, she is called "Crudelia De Mon" (a pun on "crudele", cruel, and "demone", demon). In the French translation of the Disney animated movie, she is referred as "Cruella d'Enfer" (Literally, Cruella of Hell or from Hell). In Dutch, the name remains "De Vil", while by coincidence the Dutch verb for skinning is "Villen" and "Vil" is the conjugation of this verb for the first person singular. In Portuguese, Cruella is known as "Cruela Cruel", which straightforwardly stems from "cruel". The name "de Vil" is also a literary allusion to Bram Stoker 's Dracula (1897). In the novel, the realty firm Mitchell, Sons & Candy write a letter, dated 1 October, to Lord Godalming, informing him that the purchaser of a house in Piccadilly, London is "a foreign nobleman, Count De Ville". Count De Ville, however, proves to be an alias for Count Dracula himself.
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It is also believed that the inspiration for the name began in 1939 when Dodie Smith purchased a new Rolls-Royce 25/30 "Sedanca de Ville" motorcar in which she and her pet Dalmatian "Pongo" frequently travelled, which also formed the basis of the cartoon imagery of Cruella's own motorcar. Appearances [ edit ] The Hundred and One Dalmatians novel [ edit ] Main article: The Hundred and One Dalmatians In the original story, Cruella is depicted as a pampered and glamorous London heiress who knows the owner of the Dalmatian puppies from school, though it is mentioned that they were not friends and that she frightened the young Mrs. Dearly. She was a menacing student with black and white plaits , and was expelled for drinking ink. However, she appears to be on friendlier terms with Mrs. Dearly when they encounter each other at the beginning of the novel, before Cruella steals Dearly's puppies. In all her incarnations, Cruella kidnaps 97 or 99 Dalmatian puppies for their fur. In the live-action version, it is revealed that the reason Cruella chooses to skin puppies is that when short-haired dogs grow older, their fur becomes very coarse, which does not sell as well in the fur fashion industry as the fine, soft fur of puppies. The One Hundred and One Dalmatians describes Cruella as the last of her prosperous and notorious family, with a personal net worth of GB£ 6 million . She is married to a furrier, whose first name is never mentioned, even by Cruella, and it appears she married him solely due to his occupation rather than because she loved him. When Mrs Dearly asks Cruella what her married name is, Cruella retorts that - in contrast to the usual patriarchal custom - she has made her husband adopt her surname as his own, in an effort to carry on her family name. She and her husband have no children. Cruella is portrayed as the tyrannical figure in the marriage, and her husband as a meek, subservient man who seldom speaks and obeys his wife entirely. He supplies Cruella with extravagances, such as the white mink cloak she often wears with skin-tight satin gowns and ropes of jewels in contrasting colours, such as a black dress with ropes of pearls, or a green dress with ropes of rubies. Cruella's chauffeur-driven car is black-and-white striped, which Mr. Dearly describes as "a moving zebra crossing ", and Cruella boasts that it has the loudest horn in London , which she insists on sounding for the Dearly couple.
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When Cruella has guests for dinner, all of her food is strangely-colored and tastes strongly of pepper . When Mr. Dearly comments she might find her mink cloak too warm for a summer's evening, Cruella laughs that she never finds anything too warm; she constantly stokes a roaring fire and complains of being cold despite the unbearable heat. The flat is portrayed as a luxurious version of Hell, with all the rooms being made of marble and colored garishly in green, red or purple. Her guests also meet her abused white Persian cat whom Cruella admits she detests and only keeps because of the cat's value. When invited to a dinner party held by the Dearly couple, Cruella expresses her sinister interest in the Dalmatians, remarking how she and her henpecked husband have never thought of making clothing from dog pelt before. Yet seeing the spotless skins of the newborn puppies she is revolted and offers to have them drowned at once; her way of getting rid of animals she views as worthless, including dozens of her own cat's kittens. Upon a second visit to the house she picks up the mature puppies and treats them like clothing to be worn. Cruella also makes a brief appearance, albeit asleep, in Dodie Smith's sequel The Starlight Barking . Animated films [ edit ]
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Main articles: One Hundred and One Dalmatians and 101 Dalmatians II: Patch's London Adventure Disney's animated version of Cruella first appeared in 1961's One Hundred and One Dalmatians , in which she was voiced by Betty Lou Gerson and animated by Marc Davis who together crafted her into an iconic and memorable character. Disney based its version of Cruella on the personality and mannerisms of Tallulah Bankhead . The cool detachment of the original character was replaced by a crazed mania, in which Cruella only barely clung to a sheen of glamour. For unexplained reasons, Cruella's cat and husband were omitted from the Disney version. Cruella drives a very distinctive automobile, colored red and black, based on a 1936 Alvis Speed 20 Drophead Coupe. In the film, Cruella has become wealthy off her large collection of fur coats, and is consequentially rude and spoiled. She makes fun of Anita Radcliffe and her husband Roger for making a living from songwriting. Cruella desires to make a fur coat from the Radcliffes' Dalmatians, and promises to return in three weeks to collect the puppies when they are born. Upon the night of the puppies' birth, Cruella is at first dismayed to find their coats completely spotless, but cheers up when Anita tells her that the spots would appear in a few weeks. Cruella makes an offer to buy the puppies, all the while mocking Roger for his song-writing career and splattering Roger and Pongo with ink from her pen. However, when Roger firmly states that the puppies are not for sale, she furiously ends her friendship with Anita and storms out, vowing vengeance.
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Weeks later, two thieves named Jasper and Horace successfully steal the puppies when the Radcliffes are out. While Cruella is questioned about the theft, the police are unable to find anything against her, and Anita does not want to charge her, despite Roger's doubts. However, as the days go by, the police still suspect her, so she goes into hiding at her old mansion, Hell Hall at Suffolk, where Jasper and Horace and the puppies reside, proving that she was the mastermind behind the theft. She demands that the henchmen kill and skin the puppies for her that very night before furiously leaving the house. The next morning, Cruella learns that the puppies have escaped the house in the night, being rescued by Pongo and Perdita, and she and her henchmen begin a perilous search for the Dalmatians on the snowy country roads through Cruella's roadster and Jasper and Horace's beat up truck. Cruella shouts at Jasper and Horace for reckless driving, despite her obviously worse driving skills. The next day, on Christmas Eve, Cruella, Jasper, and Horace realize that Pongo, Perdita and the puppies have fled to Dinsford and they begin searching there. While driving her car across town, she sees a long procession of black puppies walking past her into a van. Realizing at the last second that the puppies are the Dalmatians in disguise, she pursues the van in her car as it leaves town. Cruella tries to ram the van over a cliff, but instead collides with Jasper and Horace in their truck. Comically, Cruella and her henchmen tumble down a steep mountain and land in the cold snow in a tangle of automobile wreckage. Cruella angrily shouts at Jasper and Horace for their incompetence, while cries at frustration over the loss of her dream coat and Jasper tells her to shut up.
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The film featured a song, written by Mel Leven , using her name as the title, sung by the Dalmatians' owner Roger ( Bill Lee ), who holds the woman in contempt. The lyric begins with: "Cruella de Vil, Cruella de Vil. If she doesn't scare you, no evil thing will...", possibly foreshadowing the creepy enraged face Cruella puts on while chasing the van. Walt Disney's early vision for The Rescuers (1977) revolved around the kidnapping of a polar bear from a city zoo; writers considered reusing Cruella as the main antagonist (presumably driven by her desire for the bear's fur). The idea was dismissed when the source for the storyline changed, and Disney did not want to make a sequel out of an otherwise unrelated film. Cruella returned in 101 Dalmatians II: Patch's London Adventure once again as the main antagonist, where she was now voiced by Susanne Blakeslee . Blakeslee also voiced Cruella in Disney's House of Mouse , which featured a running gag in which she inspects dogs from other Disney films with a measuring ruler. She also appeared in Mickey's House of Villains . Cruella appears in animation one more time in Disney's Christmas Favorites during the segment "Santa Cruella". [3] Cruella is also one of the Disney Villains Mickey fights in Disney's Hollywood Studios version of Fantasmic! Nighttime Show Spectacular in Walt Disney World . In Disney On Ice play "Celebrations," Cruella was one of the Villains who appears during the Halloween Party.
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From the unsubtle symbolic name to her hideous physical appearance, Cruella's evil is overt. [4] In 2002, Forbes ranked Cruella as the thirteenth wealthiest fiction character , citing the single 65-year-old has a net worth of $875 million, obtained through inheritance. [5] Cruella was listed as the 39th greatest villain in American cinema in AFI's 100 Years... 100 Heroes and Villains . Also, in Ultimate Disney's Top 30 Disney Villains Countdown, Cruella ranked #6. [6] Live-action films [ edit ] Main articles: 101 Dalmatians (1996 film) , 102 Dalmatians , and Cruella (film) In Disney's 1996 live-action remake of the animated film, 101 Dalmatians , and its 2000 sequel, 102 Dalmatians , Cruella DeVil was played by Glenn Close . Glenn Close portrayed Cruella de Vil in the 1996 film 101 Dalmatians and its 2000 sequel 102 Dalmatians . The film reinvented Cruella as the vindictive, snobbish and very glamorous magnate of a haute couture fashion house, " House of DeVil ", which specialised in fur couture. The character of Anita (played by Joely Richardson ) was a couturière and employee of De Vil. Unlike the animated film, the live-action version gives the reason why Cruella wanted to make the puppies into coats at a young age, is that their fur wouldn't be as soft when they fully grow up. At the start of the film, it is revealed that Cruella has secretly had her henchmen slaughter a white Siberian tiger at London Zoo for its pelt. However, the suspicions and accusations of the Dearly family force Cruella to step up her plans to make the puppies into a coat, the puppies escaping while her henchmen are preparing to do the work and Cruella being subsequently thrown into a vat of molasses and a pig pen when she tries to track them to a farm. At the end of the film, she is arrested and sent to prison, with the Dearlys taking over her house after Roger's latest video game proves a success when he makes a villain based on Cruella.
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This film increased the physical comedy of the animated film, even veering into more juvenile humor, such as Cruella falling into a vat of old molasses. Close's performance was universally well-received and her sex appeal as the character was also credited. The live-action film was not as critically successful as the animated movie, but Close's performance, as well as her costumes, by Anthony Powell and Rosemary Burrows, received appreciative attention, including a spread in Vanity Fair . Claws were applied to gloves , and necklaces were made from teeth , to add to the idea that Cruella enjoyed wearing parts of dead animals. Nails were also projected from the heels to make them especially vicious in appearance. Some of her clothes were made out of leather or PVC , and Cruella always wore lots of makeup . Close has commented on how demanding the slapstick physicality of the role was while wearing nail-heeled boots and corsets. She was always smoking to give the appearance of a mysterious "villain". Close also insisted that she fall into the molasses herself for genuine acting, as opposed to delegating it to a stunt double . In 102 Dalmatians , while under effect of Dr. Ivan Pavlov's hypnotherapy treatment , Cruella was cured of her fur addiction and released from prison on parole , three years after the events of the first film. She insisted on being called "Ella" because "Cruella sounds so... cruel". Reformed, completely devoted to saving animals, and while experiencing "doraphobia", she was scared by even the smallest sight of fur fashion, especially since she had all of her fur clothing and the drawing of herself in a Dalmatian puppy coat boarded up. Unfortunately, this new persona was not to last for long since the effects of Big Ben 's chimes managed to undo the conditioning, reverting Cruella to her former self. During the "Ella" stage, Cruella quit her characteristic habits, such as wearing fur clothing, long nails , extravagant hair styles , and of course, smoking . Once Big Ben jolted her brain waves back into Cruella, her old habits returned, with Cruella redesigning the sketch of the original Dalmatian coat to include a hood specifically so that she can use three new puppies to make the coat on top of the original ninety-nine puppies required, the chosen extra three being the children of Dipstick, one of the Dearlys' original fifteen puppies. However, despite her efforts to distract attention from herself by framing the owner of the Second Chance Dog Shelter for her crimes (the only person who stands to benefit if she reverts to her old behavior as her parole states that her fortune will go to dog shelters in the Westminster area and Second Chance is the only such shelter), her plans are discovered by her parole officer, also Dipstick's owner. Her accomplice, furrier Jean Pierre Le Pelt, is trapped in one of his own coats when it is sown shut during a fight in an illegal sweatshop in France, while Dipstick's daughter Oddball (who has yet to develop her own spots) lures Cruella into a trap where she is literally baked into a massive cake and arrested along with Le Pelt, both being sentenced to life in prison for their actions.
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Cruella , a live-action film which will explore De Vil's backstory, is in development by Disney. [7] Screenwriter Aline Brosh McKenna best known for writing The Devil Wears Prada is set to write the film for Disney, with Andrew Gunn as the producer, [8] and Alex Timbers as director [9] while Emma Stone is set to play the role. [10] In December 2018, it was announced that Timbers will no longer be directing the live-action Cruella de Vil film due to scheduling conflicts and will be replaced by I, Tonya director Craig Gillespie . [11] In May 2019, Emma Thompson reportedly joined the film in an undisclosed role. [12] The film was originally scheduled to be released on December 23, 2020. [13] [14] [15] However, in August 2019, it was announced that the film would be delayed to May 28, 2021. [16] Animated series [ edit ] Main articles: 101 Dalmatians: The Series and 101 Dalmatian Street In the 101 Dalmatians animated series, Cruella is voiced by April Winchell , and was based on Glenn Close's portrayal from the live-action film, but with Betty Lou Gerson's design from the animated film. She is not seen wearing clothes made out of animals, nor smoked (although in the episodes "Smoke Detectors" and "Hail to the Chief" she did) and is totally sane, yet still temperamental and impatient. Her villainous plot in the show was to steal the Dearlys' farm from them, and using the puppies as a ransom , mainly because the old widow Smedly would not sell it to her and that her mother Malevola demands it. She is an archetypal corporate villain who will seize on any scheme to make money, including drilling oil from the swamp near Dearly farm (thereby polluting it), buying Kanine Krunchies and replacing the nutritious ingredients with sawdust and chalk or sending Jasper and Horace to drive out the owners of Mom and Pop's Grocery Store so she can buy it herself.
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In the Christmas episode, "A Christmas Cruella", since she was a child, Cruella wanted a Dalmatian puppy, but her parents always go on vacations , leaving her with a foreign nanny and clothes for gifts. During her teens, was the final straw which gave her her half white hairline in her fury (earlier, she is seen with all black hair and a slight gray-ish streak). Her miserable childhood is what drove her to evil. The series is also the first time Cruella uses seduction as one of her evil schemes. In the series finale, she uses an inflatable body suit to disguise herself as a sexy blond bikini surfer to seduce Roger to make Anita think he is cheating on her so they will split up and she can get the farm. When Anita goes swimming, she makes her move on him. She asks him to go swimming with her and then tries to kiss him, but her suit is deflated by the puppies' chicken friend, and she turns into a surfboard. Note: In two of the episodes of the classic 101 Dalmatians animated series "Fungus Among Us" and "Close But No Cigar", Cruella De Vil is voiced by Tress MacNeille instead of April Winchell who normally voices Cruella in the TV series. In the 101 Dalmatian Street animated series, set sixty years after the events of the original 1961 film, Cruella's great-nephew Hunter de Vil appears, who is working for her elderly aunt to capture the Dalmatian family descended from Pongo and Perdita living in Camden Town and bring them to her in Switzerland .
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Stage musical [ edit ] Main article: The 101 Dalmatians Musical Cruella also appears in the stage musical adaptation based on the novel. She was portrayed by Rachel York ; [17] however, the actress announced on her blog that she had stepped down from the role of Cruella de Vil to pursue other projects. The role was taken over by Sara Gettelfinger . [18] Kingdom Keepers [ edit ] Cruella first appears in the fourth book Power Play , as a member of the Overtakers. The Overtakers are a group of Disney Villains in the young adult book series by Ridley Pearson . She is valuable to them since she knows the ways of the modern world. Cruella works with the Evil Queen to free Maleficent and Chernabog, while making sure the Keepers stay off their trail. Using DHI technology, she and the Queen head for the power facility and shut down the electricity, allowing Maleficent and Chernabog to escape their cells. In the following book Shell Game , she assists the Queen and Maleficent in stealing Walt's original notes on Chernabog from the Archives. She then boards the Dream for the two-week cruise, along with the rest of the Overtakers. She commands the Lion King' hyenas, Happy and Howley, having them patrol the ship to keep the Keepers from finding Chernabog.
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In the seventh book "The Insider", Cruella joins Tia Dalma, the Queen and Judge Doom's group in Toontown; she calls an army of animals to the area with a simple command. However, she is knocked out by Amanda's telekinesis. Finn later discovers Cruella had been living in a luxurious decommissioned train compartment and tries strangling her to death. She flees in terror, but has a wrench tossed at her. She is last seen slumped on the ground, bleeding. Once Upon a Time [ edit ] Cruella De Vil Once Upon a Time character First appearance " Heroes and Villains " (4.11) Last appearance " Leaving Storybrooke " (7.22) Created by Edward Kitsis & Adam Horowitz Portrayed by Victoria Smurfit Milli Wilkinson (child) Information Alias Cruella Feinberg Title Queen of Darkness Occupation Mayor of Underbrooke Ruler of the Underworld (briefly) Family Madeline (mother, deceased) Unnamed father (deceased) Two unnamed stepfathers (deceased) Significant other Isaac Heller (briefly) Mr. Feinberg Prince James (in the Underworld ) Centric episodes " Darkness on the Edge of Town " " Sympathy for the De Vil " Cruella appears in the fourth and fifth seasons of the TV series Once Upon a Time , where she is portrayed as an adult by Victoria Smurfit , and as a child by Milli Wilkinson, as a witch who possesses the power to control animals. [19] A childhood sociopath, Cruella poisoned her father and two stepfathers. Her mother Madeline ( Anna Galvin ) kept her locked inside the house to prevent her from harming others. As an adult, she met Isaac (the Author) ( Patrick Fischler ), who was posing as a regular journalist; through him, she learned that her world, a perpetual 1920s England, was one of many. Smitten with her, the Author gave her the power to control animals. Cruella used the new power to have her mother's dalmatians kill her, and killed them and made their fur into a coat. In a struggle to prevent the Author from writing another note about her, the vial of magic ink spills on her causing her blonde hair to turn into the iconic black and white. However, the pen had a remnant of ink in it, which the Author used to write down a note that would, from there on, prevent Cruella from taking another life. "Cruella De Vil can no longer take away the life of another." Cruella kept this secret, as intimidation would still work for her needs.
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She later ended up in the Enchanted Forest, where she became infamous for turning animals into outerwear. Rumplestiltskin ( Robert Carlyle ) recruited her, Ursula ( Merrin Dungey ) and Maleficent ( Kristin Bauer van Straten ) to acquire the Dark Curse. However, he double-crossed them and left them to be killed by the Chernabog. Escaping together, Cruella joined the two in trying to get assistance from Snow White ( Ginnifer Goodwin ) and Prince Charming ( Josh Dallas ) in preventing the Evil Queen ( Lana Parrilla ) from casting the curse. However, the Tree of Wisdom they consulted refused to answer due to Snow's pregnancy. Along with Ursula, Cruella was asked by Maleficent to act as a guard while she went through childbirth as a dragon. As a result, Cruella was sucked into a portal with Ursula and the child to the Land Without Magic, due to a spell cast by the Apprentice. She and the Sea Witch steal the egg the baby was in and use the magic to prolong their youth in the magicless world. She later married Mr. Feinberg and lived in a mansion off Long island in New York. In the present day, Cruella's marriage had fallen apart as the FBI was repossessing her husband's belongings. Mr. Gold and Ursula convinced her to join them in finding the Author to get happy endings. Cruella played little importance in the plot, until the Author was released from the book; unable to kill him herself, she pretended to threaten Henry Mills's ( Jared S. Gilmore ) life to force Emma Swan ( Jennifer Morrison ) and Regina to do so. However, Emma confronted her, not knowing the restriction the Author placed on Cruella, and magically blasted her off a cliff to her death.
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After her death, Cruella ended up in the Underworld , a purgatory run by the deity Hades . While there, she met David's twin brother James; they quickly struck up a romantic relationship due to their similar personalities. When the heroes arrived with Gold to rescue the recently deceased Killian Jones ( Colin O'Donoghue ), Cruella was among the deceased of whom they came across. In hopes of returning to life, Cruella appealed to Henry, the new Author, to use the quill to bring her back to life. Later, she helped Regina locate the grave of her lost love Daniel, who had since moved on to a better place. Mistaking David for James, Cruella made a move on him, then informed him of the hostility James held toward his brother. Cruella and James then hatched a plan to get out the Underworld by delivering Hades the child of Robin Hood and Zelena . James pretended to be David and put a magic-neutralizing bracelet on Emma, while he and Cruella took the baby. They took Emma and Robin to the docks, planning to throw them into the River of Lost Souls, until David and Hook stopped them. David ended up throwing James into the River and Cruella ran off. Once Hades's heart was restarted, and he planned to leave the Underworld with Zelena, Cruella teamed up with the Blind Witch; Hades offered to let them rule the Underworld in his absence and help trap the heroes there. Delighted with the idea of getting to torment souls for eternity, Cruella agreed to the deal.
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Following the heroes' escape back to Storybrooke, Hook teamed up with the deceased King Arthur to locate the storybook so they could tell Emma how to defeat Hades. They went to find Cruella at the diner, where she reacted with disdain towards seeing Hook, but she coyly regarded Arthur with keen interest because of his good looks. When questioned about the haunting booth, Cruella admitted she destroyed it for good, since she didn't want anyone moving on if it meant she had to be stuck in the Underworld, too. Hook then pressed her about the book's whereabouts, which Cruella was surprisingly forthcoming about. She knew they would eventually figure out the truth even if she lied, and then told them that she put the book in the River of Souls. Cruella was later dethroned by Arthur who then ruled the Underworld for fifty years as she became a depressed and bitter woman who drank in the local bar with Sir Mordred. In the seventh season , the Wish Realm version of Cruella becomes an accomplice to Rumplestiltskin. Real Cruella can be seen in Regina's memories in " Leaving Storybrooke ". Descendants [ edit ] Main article: Descendants (2015 film) Cruella De Vil appears in the 2015 Disney Channel Original Movie Descendants . She is portrayed by actress Wendy Raquel Robinson . [20] Along with other villains, Cruella has been exiled to the Isle of the Lost, where she has lived for at least twenty years. She has a 14-year-old son, Carlos, whom she abuses and treats like a servant, making him sleep near the bear traps she uses to guard her fur coats.
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In popular culture [ edit ] Cruella de Vil has become one of the most recognizable literary and film villains, and as such as featured prominently in popular culture: The Queen song "Let Me Entertain You" features the lyrics "I'll Cruella de Vil You!" The Children 18:3 song "The Cruel One" is about 101 Dalmatians and mentions Cruella de Vil by name in the chorus. The Deadsy song "Cruella" is written about Cruella de Vil. In the Hey Arnold! episode "Curly's Girl", when Rhonda breaks up with Curly after pretending to be his girlfriend, Helga calls her "Cruella". Rock band The Replacements recorded a cover of the song "Cruella de Vil" for a compilation of Disney covers. It also appears on All for Nothing / Nothing for All . In the 1998 remake of The Parent Trap , Hallie Parker tells her mother that her father is getting married to a woman as evil as Cruella de Vil. [21] The Spanish singer Alaska made a cover of song "Cruella de Vil" for the 101 Dalmatians Live-action film Spanish version. Teen singer and actress Selena Gomez redid the song, based on the song from Disney's 101 Dalmatians. Similarly, Blues Pianist and Vocalist Dr. John did a Big Band cover for an album of Disney's Greatest Hits; which included his cover of the classic 1961 song.
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Mark Campbell (of Jack Mack and the Heart Attack fame) sings the funky "Cruella De Vil" in the movie '102 Dalmatians,' and on the 2000 Disney Soundtrack Album. American singer and performer Lady Gaga dressed up as Cruella de Vil for Halloween in 2010. [22] The performer has had many outfits inspired by the villain. [23] An inflatable representation of the character appeared at the 2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony in London alongside other villains, Lord Voldemort , The Queen of Hearts , Captain Hook and Child Catcher , to haunt children’s dreams – before the arrival of a group of over thirty Mary Poppins who descended with their umbrellas to defeat them – in a segment celebrating British children's literature . [24] In Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman , a tabloid once published a story accusing Lois Lane of cheating on her husband Clark Kent with Superman . Lois commented she was under Cruella on the popularity scale. American singer Melanie Martinez dyed half of her hair blonde, in the same vein as Cruella. Late American rapper XXXTentacion dyed half of his hair blonde, in inspiration of Cruella. Cruella was briefly mentioned by Zelda, the villainess of The Swan Princess: The Mystery of the Enchanted Kingdom during her villain song along with the Wicked Witch of the West & Medusa .
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Parodies [ edit ] In The Simpsons episode " Two Dozen and One Greyhounds ", Mr. Burns plays the role of Cruella De Vil, but unlike her in the movies, where she steals the Dalmatian puppies to make them into fur coats , he steals Santa's Little Helper and the puppies he sired to make them into a tuxedo . And unlike Cruella, who has no hesitation in killing the puppies, Burns cannot bear to kill the puppies himself, because they are too cute. Declaring that he will never kill any animal that can perform good tricks again, Burns pays the Simpsons for the puppies, and he trains them to be world-class racing dogs. The episode also included a parody of the song, " Be Our Guest " from another Disney film Beauty and the Beast . Coco LaBouche, the antagonist of the Rugrats 2000 spin-off film Rugrats in Paris , has some of the same characteristics as Cruella. In the Jessie episode "101 Lizards", Mrs. Chesterfield plays a role similar to Cruella de Vil. Cruella de Vil appeared in a Robot Chicken skit called "101 Dalmatian Reproduction" in the episode "Yogurt in a Bag". Notes [ edit ] ^ Spelled de Vil in the novel, spelled De Vil by Disney. References [ edit ] ^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains" (PDF) . afi.com . Retrieved 31 March 2014 .
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^ "Forbes Fictional 15. #14 De Vil, Cruella" . Forbes . Retrieved 18 November 2019 . ^ Disney Christmas Favourites. ^ Michael A Baldassare (1999) Cruella de Vil, Hades, and Ursula the Sea-Witch: How Disney Films Teach Our Children the Basics of Contract LawMichael A Baldassare Archived 2009-01-23 at the Wayback Machine Drake Law Review ^ "The Forbes Fictional Fifteen" . www.forbes.com . 2002-09-13 . Retrieved 2007-08-24 . ^ "Ultimate Disney's Top 30 Disney Villains Countdown 10th - 1st Place" . www.ultimatedisney.com . ^ Kit, Borys (November 17, 2011). "Disney Preps Live-Action Cruella de Vil Film (Exclusive)" . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved October 2, 2013 . ^ Highfill, Samantha (October 1, 2013). "Disney is making a live-action Cruella de Vil movie" . Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved October 1, 2013 . ^ Gettell, Oliver (December 14, 2016). "Disney's live-action Cruella movie starring Emma Stone eyes director" . Entertainment Weekly . ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (April 25, 2016). "Disney Puts A Slew Of Dates On Hold For 'Jungle Book 2', 'Maleficent 2', 'Dumbo', 'Cruella' & More" . Deadline.com . Retrieved April 22, 2017 . ^ Fleming Jr., Mike (December 4, 2018). "Craig Gillespie In Talks To Direct Emma Stone In 'Cruella ' " . Deadline.com . Retrieved December 5, 2018 . ^ "Emma Thompson in Talks to Join Emma Stone in Disney's 'Cruella' (EXCLUSIVE)" . variety.com. May 14, 2019 . Retrieved May 18, 2019 .
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^ Adalessandro, Anthony (May 7, 2019). "Disney-Fox Updates Release Schedule: Sets Three Untitled 'Star Wars' Movies, 'Avatar' Franchise To Kick Off In 2021 & More" . Deadline . Retrieved May 7, 2019 . ^ Fleming Jr., Mike (December 4, 2018). "Craig Gillespie In Talks To Direct Emma Stone In 'Cruella ' " . Deadline.com . Retrieved December 5, 2018 . ^ Ridgely, Charlie (May 7, 2019). "Disney Gives Live-Action Cruella Movie 2020 Release Date" . ComicBook.com . Retrieved August 7, 2019 . ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (August 20, 2019). "Amy Adams 'Woman In The Window' Will Now Open In Early Summer, 'Cruella' Moves To 2021" . Deadline Hollywood . Retrieved August 20, 2019 . ^ Preston, Rohan (October 14, 2009). " ' The 101 Dalmatians': A Canine Caper" . Star Tribune . Retrieved January 3, 2010 . ^ York, Rachel (January 30, 2010). "Parting Is Truly Such Sweet Sorrow" . Retrieved February 1, 2010 . ^ Abrams, Natalie (November 19, 2014). " Once Upon a Time casts Alias vet Merrin Dungey" . Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved November 19, 2014 . ^ http://www.ew.com/article/2014/06/16/disney-descendants ^ The Parent trap ^ "Lady Gaga smothers herself in fake blood as she transforms into gun-toting Cruella de Vil" . Daily Mail . London. November 1, 2010. ^ Go Black-And-Blonde Like Blondie, Lady Gaga, And Cruella De Vil But Read This First|MTV Style
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^ Brooks, Xan (27 July 2012). "London 2012 Olympics opening ceremony – as it happened" . The Guardian . Retrieved 18 November 2019 . External links [ edit ] Cruella de Vil at the UltimateDisney.com Villains Countdown v t e Dodie Smith 's The Hundred and One Dalmatians Books The Hundred and One Dalmatians (1956) The Starlight Barking (1967) 101 Dalmatians (Disney franchise) Animated films One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961) soundtrack 101 Dalmatians II: Patch's London Adventure (2003) Animated series 101 Dalmatians: The Series (1997–1998) 101 Dalmatian Street ( 2019 –present) Live-action films 101 Dalmatians (1996) 102 Dalmatians (2000) Cruella (2021) Video games Disney's Animated Storybook: 101 Dalmatians (1997) 101 Dalmatians: Escape from DeVil Manor (1997) 102 Dalmatians: Puppies to the Rescue (2000) Miscellaneous Broadway musical Cruella de Vil v t e Forbes Fictional 15 2002 Santa Claus Richie Rich Oliver "Daddy" Warbucks Scrooge McDuck Thurston Howell III Willy Wonka Bruce Wayne Lex Luthor J. R. Ewing Auric Goldfinger C. Montgomery Burns Charles Foster Kane Cruella de Vil Gordon Gekko Jay Gatsby 2005 Santa Claus Oliver "Daddy" Warbucks Richie Rich Lex Luthor C. Montgomery Burns Scrooge McDuck Jed Clampett Bruce Wayne Thurston Howell III Willy Wonka Arthur Bach Ebenezer Scrooge Lara Croft Cruella de Vil Lucius Malfoy 2006 Oliver "Daddy" Warbucks C. Montgomery Burns Scrooge McDuck Richie Rich Jed Clampett
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Mr. Monopoly Bruce Wayne Tony Stark Prince Abakaliki of Nigeria Thurston Howell III Willy Wonka Lucius Malfoy Tony Montana Lara Croft Mario 2007 Scrooge McDuck Ming the Merciless Richie Rich Mom Jed Clampett C. Montgomery Burns Carter Pewterschmidt Bruce Wayne Thurston Howell III Tony Stark Fake Steve Jobs Gomez Addams Willy Wonka Lucius Malfoy Princess Peach 2008 Uncle Sam Scrooge McDuck Richie Rich Gordon Gekko Jabba the Hutt Ebenezer Scrooge Tony Stark Thurston Howell III Bruce Wayne Adrian Veidt Jed Clampett Artemis Fowl II C. Montgomery Burns Lara Croft Mr. Monopoly 2010 Carlisle Cullen Scrooge McDuck Richie Rich Tony Stark Jed Clampett Adrian Veidt Bruce Wayne Tooth fairy Thurston Howell III Sir Topham Hatt Artemis Fowl II C. Montgomery Burns Chuck Bass Jay Gatsby Lucille Bluth 2011 Scrooge McDuck Carlisle Cullen Artemis Fowl II Richie Rich Jed Clampett Tony Stark Smaug Bruce Wayne Mr. Monopoly Arthur Bach Jo Bennett C. Montgomery Burns Chuck Bass Gordon Gekko Jeffrey Lebowski 2012 Smaug Flintheart Glomgold Carlisle Cullen Jed Clampett Tony Stark Richie Rich Charles Foster Kane Bruce Wayne Forrest Gump Mr. Monopoly Lisbeth Salander Tywin Lannister C. Montgomery Burns Robert Crawley Jo Bennett 2013 Scrooge McDuck Smaug Carlisle Cullen Tony Stark Charles Foster Kane Bruce Wayne Richie Rich Christian Grey Tywin Lannister C. Montgomery Burns Walden Schmidt Lara Croft Mr. Monopoly Mary Crawley Jay Gatsby
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8 Reasons Orcas Don't Belong at SeaWorld - SeaWorld of Hurt .columns Tweet Home News Features Take Action About .contain-to-grid.sticky .columns Features Back to Features 8 Reasons Orcas Don’t Belong at SeaWorld 1. Premature Deaths Orcas in the wild have an average life expectancy of 30 to 50 years—their estimated maximum lifespan is 60 to 70 years for males and 80 to over 100 for females. The average age of death for orcas who have died at SeaWorld is 14 years old. © Free Morgan Foundation 2. Lean, Mean Killing Machines—or Not? In the wild, despite centuries of sharing the ocean, there has been only a single reliable report of an orca harming a human being. Because of the stress involved in being deprived of everything that is natural and important to orcas in captivity, orcas have attacked and killed three humans just since 1991 and many others have been injured. © Free Morgan Foundation 3. Collapsed Dorsal Fins All captive adult male orcas have collapsed dorsal fins, likely because they have no space in which to swim freely and are fed an unnatural diet of thawed dead fish. SeaWorld claims that this condition is common—however, in the wild, it rarely ever happens and is a sign of an injured or unhealthy orca. 4. Tanks SeaWorld confines orcas, who could swim up to 140 miles a day in the wild, to tanks that, to them, are the size of a bathtub. It would take an orca more than 4,280 laps in her tank to swim the distance she might in the wild. © Free Morgan Foundation 5. Fights Orcas who are not compatible are forced to live in tight quarters together. The resulting anxiety and tension cause fights between orcas. In the wild, orcas have strong social bonds that may last for life, their social rules prohibit serious violence against each other, and when fights do occur, they can find space to flee. In captivity, there’s nowhere for them to go, which leads to injuries and death. © Ingrid N. Visser, Ph.D. Nakai was injured on a sharp metal edge in his tank while reportedly fleeing from an aggressive altercation with two other orcas. 6. Diet of Pig and Cow Bones In captivity, orcas are unable to hunt and obtain water from their prey, so SeaWorld gives them gelatin , a substance that is not natural for them, in an attempt to keep them hydrated. Tilikum, who weighs 12,000 lbs., alone consumes 83 pounds of gelatin every day. © Free Morgan Foundation 7. Breaking Their Teeth to Get Out Orcas in captivity gnaw at iron bars and concrete from stress, anxiety, and boredom, sometimes breaking their teeth and resulting in painful dental drilling without anesthesia. © Free Morgan Foundation 8. Family Matters Orcas are highly social animals who live in stable social groups ranging from two to 15 individuals. In some populations, children stay with their mothers for life. In captivity, orcas are forced to live with orcas from other family units who speak a completely different language than they do and are constantly moved between facilities for breeding and to perform. Orcas suffer mentally and physically just to line SeaWorld’s pockets. You can help them! The momentum is on our side with the release of Blackfish and our recent lawsuit against SeaWorld. Join the fight to help orcas, and tell all your friends never to go to SeaWorld. Learn more about cruelty at SeaWorld on The PETA Podcast : Listen to more episodes on iTunes , Stitcher , and Spotify ! Subscribe for new episodes. Share on Facebook Share on Twitter .post .small-12.columns .row SeaWorld CEO Steps Down as the ‘Abusement’ Park Struggles to Attract Visitors Dozens of ‘Dead Orcas’ Storm Los Angeles Freeway to Protest SeaWorld ‘Orcas’ Hold ‘Die-In’ at SeaWorld’s Aquatica Federal Bill to End Orca Captivity–Contact Your Representative Today © iStock.com/hanhanpeggy .row Privacy Policy Contest Terms and Conditions Texting Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Report Website Abuse Disclaimer © 2019 PETA. Read Our Full Policy PETA is a nonprofit, tax-exempt 501(c)(3) corporation. Brought to you by and PETA 501 Front St. Norfolk, VA 23510 Google Analytics Social Button Tracking Google Analytics Social Button Tracking Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Google+ Donate
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Smaug - Wikipedia CentralNotice Smaug From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search For other uses, see Smaug (disambiguation) . Smaug Tolkien character "Conversation with Smaug" as illustrated by J. R. R. Tolkien Information Aliases Race Dragon Book(s) The Hobbit The Return of the King Unfinished Tales Smaug ( / s m aʊ ɡ / [1] ) is a dragon and the main antagonist in J. R. R. Tolkien 's 1937 novel The Hobbit . He is a powerful and fearsome dragon that invaded the Dwarf kingdom of Erebor 150 years prior to the events described in the novel. A group of thirteen dwarves mounted a quest to take the kingdom back, aided by the wizard Gandalf and the hobbit Bilbo Baggins . Smaug is described as "a most specially greedy, strong and wicked worm ". [2] Contents 1 Story 2 Concept and creation 3 Adaptations 3.1 The Hobbit (1977) 3.2 The Hobbit (film series) 3.3 Others 4 In popular culture 5 In science 6 See also 7 References 8 External links Story [ edit ] In Appendix A, section III, of The Return of the King , dragons are stated to reside in the Withered Heath beyond the Grey Mountains . Smaug is described as "the greatest of the dragons of his day", and was already centuries old at the time he was first recorded. Having heard rumors of the great wealth of the Dwarf -kingdom of Erebor , he "arose and without warning came against King Thrór and descended on the mountain in flames". After driving the Dwarves out of their stronghold, Smaug occupied the interior of the mountain for the next 150 years, guarding a vast hoard of treasure.
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" The Quest of Erebor ", a chapter of Unfinished Tales , recounts how Gandalf realized that Smaug could pose a serious threat if used by Sauron . He therefore agreed to assist a party of Dwarves , led by Thrór's grandson Thorin Oakenshield , who set out to recapture the mountain and kill the dragon. Assuming that Smaug would not recognize the scent of a hobbit , Gandalf also recruits Bilbo Baggins to join the quest, which is the subject of The Hobbit . Upon reaching Erebor, the Dwarves send Bilbo into Smaug's lair, and he is initially successful in stealing a beautiful golden cup as Smaug sleeps fitfully. Knowing the contents of the treasure hoard which he had slept upon for centuries to the ounce, Smaug quickly realizes the cup's absence upon his awakening and searches for the thief on the Mountain. Unsuccessful, he returns to his hoard to lie in wait. Having been nearly killed in the dragon's search, the Dwarves send Bilbo down the secret tunnel a second time. This time, Smaug senses Bilbo's presence immediately, even though Bilbo had rendered himself invisible with the One Ring , and accused the Hobbit (correctly) of trying to steal from him. During his discourse with the dragon, Bilbo detects a small bare patch in the jewel-encrusted underbelly of the dragon. When Bilbo narrowly escapes an attack from the dragon and collapses amidst the Dwarves at the entrance to the secret tunnel, a thrush overhears Bilbo's frantic retelling of his interaction with the dragon and learns of the bare patch on Smaug's underside. This becomes important later when Bard the Bowman kills Smaug during the dragon's attack on Laketown by shooting an arrow into this bare patch, mortally wounding him.
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Concept and creation [ edit ] Tolkien created numerous pencil sketches and two pieces of more detailed artwork portraying Smaug. The latter were a detailed ink and watercolour labelled Conversation with Smaug and a rough coloured pencil and ink sketch entitled Death of Smaug . [3] While neither of these appeared in the original printing of The Hobbit due to cost constraints, both have been included in subsequent editions, particularly Conversation with Smaug . Death of Smaug was used for the cover of an early UK paperback edition of The Hobbit . From 1925 to 1945, Tolkien was a professor of English Literature at Oxford University , and a prominent critic of and expert on Beowulf — on which he gave a lecture at the British Academy in 1936 [4] and which he described as one of his "most valued sources" for The Hobbit . [5] Many of Smaug's attributes and behaviour in The Hobbit derive directly from the unnamed "old night-scather" in Beowulf : great age; winged, fiery, and reptilian form; a stolen barrow within which he lies on his hoard; disturbance by a theft; and violent airborne revenge on the lands all about. Smaug was intimately familiar with every last item within his hoard, and instantly noticed the theft of a relatively inconsequential cup by Bilbo Baggins . Tolkien writes that Smaug's rage was the kind which "is only seen when rich folk that have more than they can enjoy lose something they have long had but never before used or wanted." This theft of a cup, Smaug's knowledge of every item in the hoard, and the dragon's ensuing rampage, all echo the story of Beowulf . Tolkien may also have been inspired by the talking dragon Fafnir of the Völsunga saga . [6]
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Like many dragons in Nordic and Celtic mythology, Smaug embodies greed and the calamities it causes. Tolkien noted that "the dragon bears as name—a pseudonym—the past tense of the primitive Germanic verb smúgan , [7] to squeeze through a hole: a low philological jest." [5] Smaug was depicted by Tolkien as an intelligent being capable of speech, easily pleased by flattery and fascinated by Bilbo's description of himself in riddles. This is also portrayed in later film adaptations such as The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug . He is described as having "quite an overwhelming personality"; every time his eyes flash across Bilbo's invisible form, he feels almost compelled to tell him the truth about himself because of the hypnotic power within. Adaptations [ edit ] The Hobbit (1977) [ edit ] Smaug as seen in the 1977 animated version of The Hobbit In the 1977 animated version of The Hobbit , Smaug was voiced by Richard Boone . In general, Smaug's design in the animated version is consistent with Tolkien's description, save for his face: for rather than the traditional reptilian look associated with dragons, Smaug's face in the animated version has distinctly cat -like features including fur , enlarged ears, and canine teeth . His hypnotic speech is absent, but his acute eyesight is portrayed by highbeam-like lights projected from his eyes.
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The Hobbit (film series) [ edit ] On 16 June 2011, it was announced that Smaug would be voiced and interpreted with performance capture by Benedict Cumberbatch in Peter Jackson 's three-part adaptation of The Hobbit , [8] wherein Smaug is presented with a long head, red-golden scales, and piercing yellow-red eyes. The dragon speaks with Received Pronunciation with an underlying growl; Cumberbatch's vocal performance was vocoded using alligator growls. [9] Smaug's design was animated with key frame animation, in addition to Cumberbatch's motion capture performance. Weta Digital employed its proprietary "Tissue" software, which was honoured in 2013 with a "Scientific and Engineering Award" from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to make the dragon as realistic as possible. In addition, Weta Digital supervisor Joe Letteri said in an interview for USA Today that they used classic European and Asian dragons as inspirations to create Smaug. [10] Smaug as depicted in Peter Jackson 's Hobbit trilogy, with voice and motion-capture provided by Benedict Cumberbatch In the first film, The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey , the audience sees only his legs, wings, and tail, and his eye, which is showcased in the final scene of the film. Smaug is a topic of discussion among the White Council as Gandalf's reason to support Thorin Oakenshield 's quest. Smaug appears as the titular primary antagonist in the second film, The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug . In an interview with Joe Letteri, Smaug's design was changed to this form after the crew saw how Benedict Cumberbatch performed Smaug while moving around on all four limbs. [11] The weak spot shown in Smaug's armour is the result of one of his scales breaking off during his attack on Dale . He makes veiled references to the One Ring and a "coming darkness" which tie in to the film's secondary plot concerning the resurgence of Sauron . Smaug battles Thorin's small group of dwarves when they come to Bilbo's aid, before flying off to Lake-town .
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In The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies , Smaug attacks Lake-town. He is killed by Bard with an elongated iron arrow and his body falls on the boat carrying the fleeing Master of Lake-town. It is later revealed that Smaug's attack on Erebor was all part of Sauron's design, meaning that Smaug and Sauron were in league with each other. [12] [13] Smaug was considered one of the highlights of the second film of the series (as well as his burning of Lake-Town in the third film), with several critics hailing him as cinema's greatest dragon. [14] [15] Critics also praised the visual effects company Weta Digital and Cumberbatch's vocal and motion-capture performance for giving Smaug a fully realized personality. Others [ edit ] In the 1977 "J.R.R. Tolkien Calendar", the Brothers Hildebrandt depicted Smaug with bright red scales and large bat-like wings. In the 2003 video game release, Smaug was voiced by James Horan . Francis de Wolff voiced the red dragon in the long-lost 1968 BBC radio dramatization . In popular culture [ edit ] This section contains a list of miscellaneous information . Please relocate any relevant information into other sections or articles. ( July 2019 ) Smaug's character on Air New Zealand Boeing 777-300ER Boeing, the manufacturer of 777 aircraft above that featured Smaug. In 2011, Smaug made his first appearance on the Fictional 15, the Forbes list of the 15 richest fictional characters, where he was ranked number 7 with an estimated net worth of $8.6 billion.
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In 2012, the magazine did a more in-depth analysis [16] on Smaug's wealth and concluded with a conservative estimate was $61 billion, which placed him comfortably atop the list. [17] Michael Noer , the author of this article, limited his estimate in order to keep Smaug's net value in line with living factual characters, notably Bill Gates and Carlos Slim . The estimates are tied directly to Smaug's size and the assumption that he lies directly on the largest part of his hoard. A more literal reading of Tolkien's text and comparison to historical instead of living factual persons (notably John D. Rockefeller or the Rothschild family ) would result in a much higher estimate, as much as $870 billion, according to the article. In the 2013 edition of the Forbes Fictional 15, Smaug placed 2nd on the list with a net worth of an estimated $54.1 billion falling behind Scrooge McDuck, who was estimated to have a net worth of $65.4 billion. [18] The CGI simulation of Smaug used in Peter Jackson's films, voiced by Benedict Cumberbatch, made a guest appearance on the satire show The Colbert Report on 11 December 2014, to promote The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies . [19] During the interview, Smaug favored the United States returning to the gold standard , supported stand your ground laws , mocked Toothless from How To Train Your Dragon , and endorsed Rand Paul to run for President of the United States in 2016 . He also claimed to have turned down a role on Sherlock because he didn't want to "play second fiddle to that hack Cumberbatch", before going on a rampage after Colbert made light of a scene from the movies. Smaug later made a non-speaking cameo in the series' final episode, joining the series' other previous guests in a rendition of " We'll Meet Again ".
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In science [ edit ] In 2011, scientists in the United States and South Africa named a genus of southern African girdled lizards, Smaug , after the character [20] (the lizards were originally part of the genus Cordylus but reclassified after molecular phylogeny studies). The lizards were so named after the fictional dragon due to being similarly armoured, dwelling underground, and native to Tolkien's birthplace - Bloemfontein , Orange Free State , which is now Free State province , South Africa . [21] In 2015, a new species of shield bug was named after Smaug, Planois smaug , because of its size and its status "sleeping" in the researcher's collections for about 60 years until it was discovered. [22] [23] The ant species Tetramorium smaug is named after the fictional dragon. See also [ edit ] Speculative fiction portal Dragon (Middle-earth) List of dragons References [ edit ] Notes ^ Tolkien, J. R. R. "Appendix E – Writing and Spelling: I. Pronunciation of Words and Names". The Lord of the Rings . : " All these diphthongs were 'falling' diphthongs, that is stressed on the first element, and composed of the simple vowels run together. Thus ... au ( aw ) as in loud , how and not laud , haw . " ^ Tolkien, J.R.R. (1937). "An Unexpected Party". The Hobbit . Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt . p. 6. ISBN 978-0547928227 .
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^ Hammond, Wayne G.; Scull, Christina, eds. (2011). The art of the Hobbit . London, England: HarperCollins . ISBN 978-0007440818 . ^ Tolkien, J. R. R. (1983). Tolkien, Christopher (ed.). Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics and Other Essays . London, England: George Allen & Unwin. ISBN 0-04-809019-0 . ^ a b Carpenter, Humphrey , ed. (1981), The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien , Boston: Houghton Mifflin , letter No. 25., ISBN 0-395-31555-7 ^ Garth, John (9 December 2014). "Tolkien's death of Smaug: American inspiration revealed" . The Guardian . London, England: Guardian Media Group . Retrieved 1 July 2014 . ^ Bosworth, Joseph ; Bosworth Northcote, T. (2018). "smúgan" . An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (Online) . Prague: Charles University . ^ Fleming, Mike Jr. (16 June 2011). "Benedict Cumberbatch To Voice Smaug in 'The Hobbit ' " . Deadline . New York City: Penske Media Corporation . Retrieved 19 June 2011 . ^ Cassell, Amy (18 December 2013). "15 Questions From Last Week's David Farmer ('The Hobbit') Facebook Chat" . Full Sail University Blog. ^ Truitt, Brian (16 December 2013). "Five things to know about scaly 'Hobbit' star Smaug" . USA Today . Mclean, Virginia: Gannett Company . ^ http://www.mtv.com/news/1719502/smaug-hobbit-fx-explained/ ^ Hughes, Mark (8 December 2013). "Review - 'The Hobbit: The Desolation Of Smaug' Is Middle-Earth Magic" . Forbes . New York City: Forbes Media . Retrieved 1 July 2018 .
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^ Corliss, Richard (9 December 2013). " ' The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug': It Lives!" . Time . New York City: Meredith Corporation . Retrieved 1 July 2018 . ^ De Semlyen, Nick (6 December 2013). "The Hobbit: The Desolation Of Smaug Movie Review" . Empire . London, England: Bauer Media Group . Retrieved 1 July 2018 . ^ Wigler, Josh (9 December 2013). " ' The Hobbit' Reviews: Get The Scoop On 'Smaug ' " . MTV.com . New York City: Viacom . Retrieved 1 July 2018 . ^ Noer, Michael (23 April 2012). "How Much is a Dragon Worth, Revisited" . Forbes . Retrieved 8 July 2012 . ^ "Smaug" . Forbes . 2012 . Retrieved 8 July 2012 . ^ "Smaug" . Forbes . 2013 . Retrieved 31 July 2013 . ^ "Smaug" . The Colbert Report . Retrieved 12 December 2014 . . ^ "Protect and Prosper" . American Museum of Natural History . Retrieved 30 August 2015 . ^ Stanley, Edward L.; Bauer, Aaron M.; Jackman, Todd R.; Branch, William R.; Mouton, P. Le Fras N. (2011). "Between a rock and a hard polytomy: Rapid radiation in the rupicolous girdled lizards (Squamata: Cordylidae)" (PDF) . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . Cambridge, Massachusetts: Academic Press . 58 (1): 53–70. doi : 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.08.024 . PMID 20816817 .