text
stringlengths 310
8.3k
| input_ids
listlengths 1.02k
1.02k
| length
int64 1.02k
1.02k
| source_domain
stringclasses 7
values | writing_style_average
float64 -3.46
3.36
| required_expertise_average
float64 -3.74
4.36
| facts_and_trivia_average
float64 -3.78
3.96
| educational_value_average
float64 -3.85
3.97
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
is a basis of $\langle[\bU_1, \bU_2,\bU_3]\rangle$, and
\item ${\bf B}_{1(2,3)}^{(12,13)^c}+{\bf B}_{2(1,3)}^{(12,23)^c} = {\bf B}_{3(1,2)}^{(13,23)^c}$
\end{enumerate}
\end{theorem}
The proof of Theorem \ref{thm:decomposition} is relegated to Appendix \ref{app:decom_3spaces}.
\subsection{An Alternative Capacity Expression}
\begin{theorem}\label{thm:LP}
\begin{align}
\Delta^*=F^*
\end{align}
where $\Delta^*$ is the optimal broadcast cost for the $K=3$ user general LCBC that is specified in Theorem \ref{thm:main}, and $F^*$ is the solution to the following linear program,
\begin{align}
F^*=\min_{\lambda_{123},\lambda_{12},\lambda_{13},\lambda_{23},\lambda\in\mathbb{R}^+}\rk(\bV_1|\bV_1')+\rk(\bV_2|\bV_2')+\rk(\bV_3|\bV_3') - 2\lambda_{123}-\lambda_{12}-\lambda_{13}-\lambda_{23}-\lambda,\label{eq:optimize}
\end{align}
such that
\begin{align}
\lambda_{123}&\leq \rk(\bU_{123}\mid \bV_1'),\label{eq:constraintfirst}\\
\lambda_{123}&\leq \rk(\bU_{123}\mid \bV_2'),\\
\lambda_{123}&\leq \rk(\bU_{123}\mid \bV_3'),\label{eq:constraintthird}\\
\lambda_{12}+\lambda_{123}&\leq \rk(\bU_{12}\mid \bV_1'),\label{eq:constraintfourth}\\
\lambda_{12}+\lambda_{123}&\leq \rk(\bU_{12}\mid \bV_2'),\label{eq:constraintfifth}\\
\lambda_{13}+\lambda_{123}&\leq \rk(\bU_{13}\mid \bV_1'),\label{eq:constraintsixth}\\
\lambda_{13}+\lambda_{123}&\leq \rk(\bU_{13}\mid \bV_3'),\label{eq:constraintseventh}\\
\lambda_{23}+\lambda_{123}&\leq \rk(\bU_{23}\mid \bV_2'),\label{eq:constrainteighth}\\
\lambda_{23}+\lambda_{123}&\leq \rk(\bU_{23}\mid \bV_3'),\label{eq:constraintninth}\\
\lambda_{12}+\lambda_{13}+\lambda_{123}&\leq \rk(\bU_{12},\bU_{13}\mid \bV_1'),\label{eq:constraint12,13}\\
\lambda_{12}+\lambda_{23}+\lambda_{123}&\leq \rk(\bU_{12},\bU_{23}\mid \bV_2'),\label{eq:constraint12,23}\\
\lambda_{13}+\lambda_{23}+\lambda_{123}&\leq \rk(\bU_{13},\bU_{23}\mid \bV_3'),\label{eq:constraint13,23}\\
\lambda+\lambda_{12}+\lambda_{13}+\lambda_{123}&\leq \rk(\bU_{1(2,3)}\mid \bV_1'),\label{eq:condlambda1(23)}\\
\lambda+\lambda_{12}+\lambda_{23}+\lambda_{123}&\leq \rk(\bU_{2(1,3)}\mid \bV_2'),\label{eq:condlambda2(13)}\\
\lambda+\lambda_{13}+\lambda_{23}+\lambda_{123}&\leq \rk(\bU_{3(1,2)}\mid \bV_3').
|
[
338,
263,
8405,
310,
779,
6990,
7110,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29896,
29892,
320,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29906,
2053,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29941,
10725,
5854,
1628,
322,
13,
29905,
667,
7555,
1635,
350,
3227,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29892,
29941,
29897,
14810,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29896,
29941,
4887,
29883,
7517,
741,
1635,
350,
3227,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29941,
29897,
14810,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29906,
29941,
4887,
29883,
29913,
353,
2802,
1635,
350,
3227,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29897,
14810,
29896,
29941,
29892,
29906,
29941,
4887,
29883,
1042,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
15172,
29913,
13,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
14648,
29913,
13,
1576,
5296,
310,
10244,
320,
999,
29912,
12743,
29901,
311,
510,
3283,
29913,
338,
337,
1397,
630,
304,
22871,
861,
320,
999,
29912,
932,
29901,
311,
510,
29918,
29941,
22854,
1836,
13,
13,
13,
29905,
7235,
29912,
2744,
12440,
1230,
5915,
5946,
21444,
29913,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
14648,
1012,
1643,
29912,
12743,
29901,
13208,
29913,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
29905,
5268,
6622,
29922,
29943,
6622,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
3062,
779,
5268,
6622,
29938,
338,
278,
14413,
12672,
3438,
363,
278,
395,
29968,
29922,
29941,
29938,
1404,
2498,
365,
29907,
5371,
393,
338,
6790,
297,
10244,
320,
999,
29912,
12743,
29901,
3396,
1118,
322,
395,
29943,
6622,
29938,
338,
278,
1650,
304,
278,
1494,
5608,
1824,
29892,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
29943,
6622,
2013,
1195,
1665,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
7570,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
7570,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
7570,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
7570,
2892,
29905,
262,
29905,
1995,
29912,
29934,
2137,
29974,
1012,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
4295,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
1495,
3124,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29906,
4295,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29906,
1495,
3124,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29941,
4295,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29941,
1495,
448,
29871,
29906,
29905,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
12775,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
12775,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
12775,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
12775,
2892,
2053,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
20640,
675,
29913,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
14565,
393,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
29905,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29913,
11035,
3797,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1012,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
5477,
29905,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
4102,
9952,
13,
29905,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29913,
11035,
3797,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1012,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29906,
5477,
1966,
13,
29905,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29913,
11035,
3797,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1012,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29941,
5477,
29905,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
22585,
9952,
13,
29905,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29913,
11035,
3797,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29906,
1012,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
5477,
29905,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
17823,
386,
9952,
13,
29905,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29913,
11035,
3797,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29906,
1012,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29906,
5477,
29905,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
28491,
386,
9952,
13,
29905,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29913,
11035,
3797,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29941,
1012,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
5477,
29905,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
28319,
386,
9952,
13,
29905,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29913,
11035,
3797,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29941,
1012,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29941,
5477,
29905,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
344,
794,
29882,
9952,
13,
29905,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29913,
11035,
3797,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29906,
29941,
1012,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29906,
5477,
29905,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
3075,
6038,
371,
18919,
9952,
13,
29905,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29913,
11035,
3797,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29906,
29941,
1012,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29941,
5477,
29905,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
29876,
22653,
9952,
13,
29905,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29913,
11035,
3797,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29906,
7570,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29941,
1012,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
5477,
29905,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29896,
29941,
9952,
13,
29905,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
10869,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29913,
11035,
3797,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29906,
7570,
29890,
29965,
648,
29906,
29941,
1012,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29906,
5477,
29905,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29906,
29941,
9952,
13,
29905,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
10869,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29913,
11035,
3797,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29941,
7570,
29890,
29965,
648,
29906,
29941,
1012,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29941,
5477,
29905,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
29896,
29941,
29892,
29906,
29941,
9952,
13,
29905,
2892,
3124,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29913,
11035,
3797,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29892,
29941,
11383,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
5477,
29905,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
1116,
2892,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29941,
29897,
9952,
13,
29905,
2892,
3124,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
10869,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29913,
11035,
3797,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29941,
11383,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29906,
5477,
29905,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
1116,
2892,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29941,
29897,
9952,
13,
29905,
2892,
3124,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
10869,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29913,
11035,
3797,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
11383,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29941,
2824
] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| -0.982823 | 1.39706 | -1.634405 | -0.480906 |
\label{eq:constraintlast}
\end{align}
\end{theorem}
The proof of Theorem \ref{thm:LP} is presented in Section \ref{proof:genach}.
\begin{figure}[h]
\center
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =3cm, color = olive, thick] (U1) at (0.9,1.5){};
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =3cm, color = magenta, thick] (U2) at (0,0){};
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =3cm, color = teal, thick] (U3) at (1.8,0){};
\node [draw, dashed,
circle,
minimum size =3.45cm, fill = yellow!40, thick] (D) at (0.9,0.52){};
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =1cm, color = blue, thick] (UU1) at (-2,2.4){$\langle {\bf U}_1 \rangle$};
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =1cm, color = magenta, thick] (UU2) at (-3,0){$\langle {\bf U}_2 \rangle$};
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =1cm, color = teal, thick] (UU3) at (5,0){$\langle {\bf U}_3 \rangle$};
\begin{scope}
\clip (0,0) circle(1.5cm);
\clip (0.9,1.5) circle(1.5cm);
\fill[white](0,0) circle(1.5cm);
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}
\clip (0,0) circle(1.5cm);
\clip (1.8,0) circle(1.5cm);
\fill[white](0,0) circle(1.5cm);
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}
\clip (0.9,1.5) circle(1.5cm);
\clip (1.8,0) circle(1.5cm);
\fill[white](0.9,1.5) circle(1.5cm);
\end{scope}
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =0.7cm, fill = red!10] () at (0.9,0.5){\tiny $\lambda_{123}$};
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =0.7cm, fill = red!10] () at (0,1){\tiny $\lambda_{12}$};
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =0.7cm, fill = red!10] () at (1.8,1){\tiny $\lambda_{13}$};
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =0.7cm, fill = red!10] () at (0.9,-0.5){\tiny $\lambda_{23}$};
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =0.7cm, fill = red!10] () at (0.9,1.8){\tiny $\lambda$};
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =0.7cm, fill = red!10] () at (-0.2,-0.2){\tiny $\lambda$};
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =0.7cm, fill = red!10] () at (2,-0.2){\tiny $\lambda$};
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =3cm, color = blue, ultra thick] (U1) at (0.9,1.5){};
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =3cm, color = magenta, ultra thick] (U2) at (0,0){};
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =3cm, color = teal, ultra thick] (U3) at (1.8,0){};
\draw [->, blue, thick] (UU1) to [out=40, in=130](U1);
|
[
29905,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
4230,
29913,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
14648,
29913,
13,
1576,
5296,
310,
10244,
320,
999,
29912,
12743,
29901,
13208,
29913,
338,
9132,
297,
9779,
320,
999,
29912,
8017,
29901,
1885,
496,
1836,
13,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
4532,
4400,
29882,
29962,
13,
29905,
5064,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
17147,
29913,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29941,
4912,
29892,
2927,
353,
288,
9258,
29892,
12003,
29962,
313,
29965,
29896,
29897,
472,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29892,
29896,
29889,
29945,
2597,
3400,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29941,
4912,
29892,
2927,
353,
2320,
6381,
29892,
12003,
29962,
313,
29965,
29906,
29897,
472,
313,
29900,
29892,
29900,
2597,
3400,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29941,
4912,
29892,
2927,
353,
734,
284,
29892,
12003,
29962,
313,
29965,
29941,
29897,
472,
313,
29896,
29889,
29947,
29892,
29900,
2597,
3400,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
27526,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29941,
29889,
29946,
29945,
4912,
29892,
5445,
353,
13328,
29991,
29946,
29900,
29892,
12003,
29962,
313,
29928,
29897,
472,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29892,
29900,
29889,
29945,
29906,
2597,
3400,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29896,
4912,
29892,
2927,
353,
7254,
29892,
12003,
29962,
313,
29965,
29965,
29896,
29897,
472,
8521,
29906,
29892,
29906,
29889,
29946,
2597,
4535,
6990,
2802,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
320,
5854,
24594,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29896,
4912,
29892,
2927,
353,
2320,
6381,
29892,
12003,
29962,
313,
29965,
29965,
29906,
29897,
472,
8521,
29941,
29892,
29900,
2597,
4535,
6990,
2802,
1635,
501,
2403,
29906,
320,
5854,
24594,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29896,
4912,
29892,
2927,
353,
734,
284,
29892,
12003,
29962,
313,
29965,
29965,
29941,
29897,
472,
313,
29945,
29892,
29900,
2597,
4535,
6990,
2802,
1635,
501,
2403,
29941,
320,
5854,
24594,
13,
268,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
6078,
29913,
13,
1678,
320,
24049,
313,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29897,
8607,
29898,
29896,
29889,
29945,
4912,
416,
13,
1678,
320,
24049,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29892,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29897,
8607,
29898,
29896,
29889,
29945,
4912,
416,
13,
1678,
320,
5589,
29961,
10921,
850,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29897,
8607,
29898,
29896,
29889,
29945,
4912,
416,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
6078,
29913,
13,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
6078,
29913,
13,
1678,
320,
24049,
313,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29897,
8607,
29898,
29896,
29889,
29945,
4912,
416,
13,
1678,
320,
24049,
313,
29896,
29889,
29947,
29892,
29900,
29897,
8607,
29898,
29896,
29889,
29945,
4912,
416,
13,
1678,
320,
5589,
29961,
10921,
850,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29897,
8607,
29898,
29896,
29889,
29945,
4912,
416,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
6078,
29913,
13,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
6078,
29913,
13,
259,
320,
24049,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29892,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29897,
8607,
29898,
29896,
29889,
29945,
4912,
416,
13,
1678,
320,
24049,
313,
29896,
29889,
29947,
29892,
29900,
29897,
8607,
29898,
29896,
29889,
29945,
4912,
416,
13,
1678,
320,
5589,
29961,
10921,
850,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29892,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29897,
8607,
29898,
29896,
29889,
29945,
4912,
416,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
6078,
29913,
13,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29900,
29889,
29955,
4912,
29892,
5445,
353,
2654,
29991,
29896,
29900,
29962,
3861,
472,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29892,
29900,
29889,
29945,
21964,
25649,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1042,
3400,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29900,
29889,
29955,
4912,
29892,
5445,
353,
2654,
29991,
29896,
29900,
29962,
3861,
472,
313,
29900,
29892,
29896,
21964,
25649,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
1042,
3400,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29900,
29889,
29955,
4912,
29892,
5445,
353,
2654,
29991,
29896,
29900,
29962,
3861,
472,
313,
29896,
29889,
29947,
29892,
29896,
21964,
25649,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
1042,
3400,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29900,
29889,
29955,
4912,
29892,
5445,
353,
2654,
29991,
29896,
29900,
29962,
3861,
472,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
6653,
29900,
29889,
29945,
21964,
25649,
779,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
1042,
3400,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29900,
29889,
29955,
4912,
29892,
5445,
353,
2654,
29991,
29896,
29900,
29962,
3861,
472,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29892,
29896,
29889,
29947,
21964,
25649,
779,
2892,
24594,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29900,
29889,
29955,
4912,
29892,
5445,
353,
2654,
29991,
29896,
29900,
29962,
3861,
472,
8521,
29900,
29889,
29906,
6653,
29900,
29889,
29906,
21964,
25649,
779,
2892,
24594,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29900,
29889,
29955,
4912,
29892,
5445,
353,
2654,
29991,
29896,
29900,
29962,
3861,
472,
313,
29906,
6653,
29900,
29889,
29906,
21964,
25649,
779,
2892,
24594,
13,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29941,
4912,
29892,
2927,
353,
7254,
29892,
8494,
336,
12003,
29962,
313,
29965,
29896,
29897,
472,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29892,
29896,
29889,
29945,
2597,
3400,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29941,
4912,
29892,
2927,
353,
2320,
6381,
29892,
8494,
336,
12003,
29962,
313,
29965,
29906,
29897,
472,
313,
29900,
29892,
29900,
2597,
3400,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29941,
4912,
29892,
2927,
353,
734,
284,
29892,
8494,
336,
12003,
29962,
313,
29965,
29941,
29897,
472,
313,
29896,
29889,
29947,
29892,
29900,
2597,
3400,
13,
29905,
4012,
518,
976,
29892,
7254,
29892,
12003,
29962,
313,
29965,
29965,
29896,
29897,
304,
518,
449,
29922,
29946,
29900,
29892,
297,
29922,
29896,
29941,
29900,
850,
29965,
29896,
416,
13
] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| -0.841536 | 0.100897 | -1.734826 | -0.752854 |
\draw [->, teal, thick] (UU3) to [out=130, in=30](U3);
\draw [->, magenta, thick] (UU2) to [out=50, in=150](U2);
\begin{scope}[shift={(-7,-5)}]
\node [align= center] at (0.9, -0.5) {\footnotesize $\begin{array}{c}\lambda_{123}\\ \leq \rk(\bU_{123}\mid \bV_1')\end{array}$};
\node at (4,2.5)[blue]{};
\draw[clip] (0.9,1.5) circle (1.51cm);
\draw [blue, fill=black!10, ultra thick](0.9,1.5) circle (1.49cm);
\clip (1.8,0) circle (1.55cm);
\clip (0,0) circle (1.55cm);
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =3cm, color = magenta, ultra thick, fill=white] at (0,0){};
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =3cm, color = teal, ultra thick, fill=white] (U3) at (1.8,0){};
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =3cm, color = magenta, ultra thick] at (0,0){};
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =3cm, color = teal, ultra thick] (U3) at (1.8,0){};
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =0.7cm, fill = red!10] () at (0.9,0.5){\tiny $\lambda_{123}$};
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =0.7cm, fill = red!10] () at (0,1){\tiny $\lambda_{12}$};
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =0.7cm, fill = red!10] () at (1.8,1){\tiny $\lambda_{13}$};
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =0.7cm, fill = red!10] () at (0.9,1.8){\tiny $\lambda$};
\draw[blue, ultra thick] (0.9,1.5) circle (1.5cm);
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[shift={(-3.5,-5)}]
\node [align= center] at (0.9, -0.5) {\footnotesize $\begin{array}{c}\lambda_{12}+\lambda_{123}\\ \leq \rk(\bU_{12}\mid \bV_1')\end{array}$};
\node at (4,2.5)[blue]{};
\draw[clip] (0.9,1.5) circle (1.51cm);
\draw [blue, fill=black!10, ultra thick](0.9,1.5) circle (1.49cm);
\clip (0,0) circle (1.55cm);
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =3cm, color = magenta, ultra thick, fill=white] at (0,0){};
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =3cm, color = magenta, ultra thick] at (0,0){};
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =0.7cm, fill = red!10] () at (0.9,0.5){\tiny $\lambda_{123}$};
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =0.7cm, fill = red!10] () at (0,1){\tiny $\lambda_{12}$};
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =0.7cm, fill = red!10] () at (1.8,1){\tiny $\lambda_{13}$};
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =0.7cm, fill = red!10] () at (0.
|
[
29905,
4012,
518,
976,
29892,
734,
284,
29892,
29871,
12003,
29962,
313,
29965,
29965,
29941,
29897,
304,
518,
449,
29922,
29896,
29941,
29900,
29892,
297,
29922,
29941,
29900,
850,
29965,
29941,
416,
13,
29905,
4012,
518,
976,
29892,
2320,
6381,
29892,
12003,
29962,
313,
29965,
29965,
29906,
29897,
304,
518,
449,
29922,
29945,
29900,
29892,
297,
29922,
29896,
29945,
29900,
850,
29965,
29906,
416,
13,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
6078,
4400,
10889,
3790,
6278,
29955,
6653,
29945,
2915,
29962,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
2520,
29922,
4818,
29962,
472,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29892,
448,
29900,
29889,
29945,
29897,
2802,
6661,
16953,
675,
779,
463,
29912,
2378,
1157,
29883,
1012,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
9952,
320,
3797,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1012,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
1495,
29905,
355,
29912,
2378,
1042,
3400,
13,
29905,
3177,
472,
313,
29946,
29892,
29906,
29889,
29945,
9601,
9539,
3199,
3400,
3986,
13,
29905,
4012,
29961,
24049,
29962,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29892,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29897,
8607,
313,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29896,
4912,
416,
13,
29905,
4012,
518,
9539,
29892,
5445,
29922,
8517,
29991,
29896,
29900,
29892,
8494,
336,
12003,
850,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29892,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29897,
8607,
313,
29896,
29889,
29946,
29929,
4912,
416,
13,
29905,
24049,
313,
29896,
29889,
29947,
29892,
29900,
29897,
8607,
313,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29945,
4912,
416,
13,
29905,
24049,
313,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29897,
8607,
313,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29945,
4912,
416,
13,
13,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29941,
4912,
29892,
2927,
353,
2320,
6381,
29892,
8494,
336,
12003,
29892,
5445,
29922,
10921,
29962,
472,
313,
29900,
29892,
29900,
2597,
3400,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29941,
4912,
29892,
2927,
353,
734,
284,
29892,
8494,
336,
12003,
29892,
5445,
29922,
10921,
29962,
313,
29965,
29941,
29897,
472,
313,
29896,
29889,
29947,
29892,
29900,
2597,
3400,
259,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29941,
4912,
29892,
2927,
353,
2320,
6381,
29892,
8494,
336,
12003,
29962,
472,
313,
29900,
29892,
29900,
2597,
3400,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29941,
4912,
29892,
2927,
353,
734,
284,
29892,
8494,
336,
12003,
29962,
313,
29965,
29941,
29897,
472,
313,
29896,
29889,
29947,
29892,
29900,
2597,
3400,
539,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29900,
29889,
29955,
4912,
29892,
5445,
353,
2654,
29991,
29896,
29900,
29962,
3861,
472,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29892,
29900,
29889,
29945,
21964,
25649,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1042,
3400,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29900,
29889,
29955,
4912,
29892,
5445,
353,
2654,
29991,
29896,
29900,
29962,
3861,
472,
313,
29900,
29892,
29896,
21964,
25649,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
1042,
3400,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29900,
29889,
29955,
4912,
29892,
5445,
353,
2654,
29991,
29896,
29900,
29962,
3861,
472,
313,
29896,
29889,
29947,
29892,
29896,
21964,
25649,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
1042,
3400,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29900,
29889,
29955,
4912,
29892,
5445,
353,
2654,
29991,
29896,
29900,
29962,
3861,
472,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29892,
29896,
29889,
29947,
21964,
25649,
779,
2892,
24594,
13,
13,
29905,
4012,
29961,
9539,
29892,
8494,
336,
12003,
29962,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29892,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29897,
8607,
313,
29896,
29889,
29945,
4912,
416,
29871,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
6078,
29913,
13,
13,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
6078,
4400,
10889,
3790,
6278,
29941,
29889,
29945,
6653,
29945,
2915,
29962,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
2520,
29922,
4818,
29962,
472,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29892,
448,
29900,
29889,
29945,
29897,
2802,
6661,
16953,
675,
779,
463,
29912,
2378,
1157,
29883,
1012,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
9952,
320,
3797,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29906,
1012,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
1495,
29905,
355,
29912,
2378,
1042,
3400,
13,
29905,
3177,
472,
313,
29946,
29892,
29906,
29889,
29945,
9601,
9539,
3199,
3400,
3986,
13,
29905,
4012,
29961,
24049,
29962,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29892,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29897,
8607,
313,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29896,
4912,
416,
13,
29905,
4012,
518,
9539,
29892,
5445,
29922,
8517,
29991,
29896,
29900,
29892,
8494,
336,
12003,
850,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29892,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29897,
8607,
313,
29896,
29889,
29946,
29929,
4912,
416,
13,
29905,
24049,
313,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29897,
8607,
313,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29945,
4912,
416,
13,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29941,
4912,
29892,
2927,
353,
2320,
6381,
29892,
8494,
336,
12003,
29892,
5445,
29922,
10921,
29962,
472,
313,
29900,
29892,
29900,
2597,
3400,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29941,
4912,
29892,
2927,
353,
2320,
6381,
29892,
8494,
336,
12003,
29962,
472,
313,
29900,
29892,
29900,
2597,
3400,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29900,
29889,
29955,
4912,
29892,
5445,
353,
2654,
29991,
29896,
29900,
29962,
3861,
472,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29892,
29900,
29889,
29945,
21964,
25649,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1042,
3400,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29900,
29889,
29955,
4912,
29892,
5445,
353,
2654,
29991,
29896,
29900,
29962,
3861,
472,
313,
29900,
29892,
29896,
21964,
25649,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
1042,
3400,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29900,
29889,
29955,
4912,
29892,
5445,
353,
2654,
29991,
29896,
29900,
29962,
3861,
472,
313,
29896,
29889,
29947,
29892,
29896,
21964,
25649,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
1042,
3400,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29900,
29889,
29955,
4912,
29892,
5445,
353,
2654,
29991,
29896,
29900,
29962,
3861,
472,
313,
29900,
29889
] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| -1.07792 | -0.127837 | -1.788622 | -1.3094 |
9,1.8){\tiny $\lambda$};
\draw[blue, ultra thick] (0.9,1.5) circle (1.5cm);
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[shift={(0,-5)}]
\node [align= center] at (0.9, -0.5) {\footnotesize $\begin{array}{c}\lambda_{13}+\lambda_{123}\\ \leq \rk(\bU_{13}\mid \bV_1')\end{array}$};
\node at (4,2.5)[blue]{};
\draw[clip] (0.9,1.5) circle (1.51cm);
\draw [blue, fill=black!10, ultra thick](0.9,1.5) circle (1.49cm);
\clip (1.8,0) circle (1.55cm);
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =3cm, color = teal, ultra thick, fill=white] (U3) at (1.8,0){};
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =3cm, color = teal, ultra thick] (U3) at (1.8,0){};
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =0.7cm, fill = red!10] () at (0.9,0.5){\tiny $\lambda_{123}$};
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =0.7cm, fill = red!10] () at (0,1){\tiny $\lambda_{12}$};
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =0.7cm, fill = red!10] () at (1.8,1){\tiny $\lambda_{13}$};
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =0.7cm, fill = red!10] () at (0.9,1.8){\tiny $\lambda$};
\draw[blue, ultra thick] (0.9,1.5) circle (1.5cm);
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[shift={(3.5,-5)}]
\node [align= center] at (0.9, -0.5) {\footnotesize $\begin{array}{c}\lambda_{12}+\lambda_{13}+\lambda_{123}\\ \leq \rk(\bU_{12}, \bU_{13}\mid \bV_1')\end{array}$};
\node at (4,2.5)[blue]{};
\draw[clip] (0.9,1.5) circle (1.51cm);
\draw [blue, fill=black!10, ultra thick](0.9,1.5) circle (1.49cm);
\clip (0.9,0.52) circle (1.725cm);
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =3cm, color = magenta, ultra thick, fill=white] at (0,0){};
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =3cm, color = teal, ultra thick, fill=white] (U3) at (1.8,0){};
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =2.85cm, color = white, ultra thick, fill=white] at (0,0){};
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =0.7cm, fill = red!10] () at (0.9,0.5){\tiny $\lambda_{123}$};
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =0.7cm, fill = red!10] () at (0,1){\tiny $\lambda_{12}$};
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =0.7cm, fill = red!10] () at (1.8,1){\tiny $\lambda_{13}$};
\draw[blue, ultra thick] (0.9,1.5) circle (1.5cm);
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[shift={(7,-5)}]
\node [align= center] at (0.9, -0.5)
|
[
29929,
29892,
29896,
29889,
29947,
21964,
25649,
779,
2892,
24594,
13,
13,
29905,
4012,
29961,
9539,
29892,
8494,
336,
12003,
29962,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29892,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29897,
8607,
313,
29896,
29889,
29945,
4912,
416,
29871,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
6078,
29913,
13,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
6078,
4400,
10889,
3790,
29898,
29900,
6653,
29945,
2915,
29962,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
2520,
29922,
4818,
29962,
472,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29892,
448,
29900,
29889,
29945,
29897,
2802,
6661,
16953,
675,
779,
463,
29912,
2378,
1157,
29883,
1012,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
9952,
320,
3797,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29941,
1012,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
1495,
29905,
355,
29912,
2378,
1042,
3400,
13,
29905,
3177,
472,
313,
29946,
29892,
29906,
29889,
29945,
9601,
9539,
3199,
3400,
3986,
13,
29905,
4012,
29961,
24049,
29962,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29892,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29897,
8607,
313,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29896,
4912,
416,
13,
29905,
4012,
518,
9539,
29892,
5445,
29922,
8517,
29991,
29896,
29900,
29892,
8494,
336,
12003,
850,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29892,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29897,
8607,
313,
29896,
29889,
29946,
29929,
4912,
416,
13,
29905,
24049,
313,
29896,
29889,
29947,
29892,
29900,
29897,
8607,
313,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29945,
4912,
416,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29941,
4912,
29892,
2927,
353,
734,
284,
29892,
8494,
336,
12003,
29892,
5445,
29922,
10921,
29962,
313,
29965,
29941,
29897,
472,
313,
29896,
29889,
29947,
29892,
29900,
2597,
3400,
259,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29941,
4912,
29892,
2927,
353,
734,
284,
29892,
8494,
336,
12003,
29962,
313,
29965,
29941,
29897,
472,
313,
29896,
29889,
29947,
29892,
29900,
2597,
3400,
539,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29900,
29889,
29955,
4912,
29892,
5445,
353,
2654,
29991,
29896,
29900,
29962,
3861,
472,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29892,
29900,
29889,
29945,
21964,
25649,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1042,
3400,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29900,
29889,
29955,
4912,
29892,
5445,
353,
2654,
29991,
29896,
29900,
29962,
3861,
472,
313,
29900,
29892,
29896,
21964,
25649,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
1042,
3400,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29900,
29889,
29955,
4912,
29892,
5445,
353,
2654,
29991,
29896,
29900,
29962,
3861,
472,
313,
29896,
29889,
29947,
29892,
29896,
21964,
25649,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
1042,
3400,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29900,
29889,
29955,
4912,
29892,
5445,
353,
2654,
29991,
29896,
29900,
29962,
3861,
472,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29892,
29896,
29889,
29947,
21964,
25649,
779,
2892,
24594,
13,
13,
29905,
4012,
29961,
9539,
29892,
8494,
336,
12003,
29962,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29892,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29897,
8607,
313,
29896,
29889,
29945,
4912,
416,
29871,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
6078,
29913,
13,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
6078,
4400,
10889,
3790,
29898,
29941,
29889,
29945,
6653,
29945,
2915,
29962,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
2520,
29922,
4818,
29962,
472,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29892,
448,
29900,
29889,
29945,
29897,
2802,
6661,
16953,
675,
779,
463,
29912,
2378,
1157,
29883,
1012,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
9952,
320,
3797,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29906,
1118,
320,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29941,
1012,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
1495,
29905,
355,
29912,
2378,
1042,
3400,
13,
29905,
3177,
472,
313,
29946,
29892,
29906,
29889,
29945,
9601,
9539,
3199,
3400,
3986,
13,
29905,
4012,
29961,
24049,
29962,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29892,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29897,
8607,
313,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29896,
4912,
416,
13,
29905,
4012,
518,
9539,
29892,
5445,
29922,
8517,
29991,
29896,
29900,
29892,
8494,
336,
12003,
850,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29892,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29897,
8607,
313,
29896,
29889,
29946,
29929,
4912,
416,
13,
29905,
24049,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29892,
29900,
29889,
29945,
29906,
29897,
8607,
313,
29896,
29889,
29955,
29906,
29945,
4912,
416,
13,
13,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29941,
4912,
29892,
2927,
353,
2320,
6381,
29892,
8494,
336,
12003,
29892,
5445,
29922,
10921,
29962,
472,
313,
29900,
29892,
29900,
2597,
3400,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29941,
4912,
29892,
2927,
353,
734,
284,
29892,
8494,
336,
12003,
29892,
5445,
29922,
10921,
29962,
313,
29965,
29941,
29897,
472,
313,
29896,
29889,
29947,
29892,
29900,
2597,
3400,
259,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29906,
29889,
29947,
29945,
4912,
29892,
2927,
353,
4796,
29892,
8494,
336,
12003,
29892,
5445,
29922,
10921,
29962,
472,
313,
29900,
29892,
29900,
2597,
3400,
268,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29900,
29889,
29955,
4912,
29892,
5445,
353,
2654,
29991,
29896,
29900,
29962,
3861,
472,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29892,
29900,
29889,
29945,
21964,
25649,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1042,
3400,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29900,
29889,
29955,
4912,
29892,
5445,
353,
2654,
29991,
29896,
29900,
29962,
3861,
472,
313,
29900,
29892,
29896,
21964,
25649,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
1042,
3400,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29900,
29889,
29955,
4912,
29892,
5445,
353,
2654,
29991,
29896,
29900,
29962,
3861,
472,
313,
29896,
29889,
29947,
29892,
29896,
21964,
25649,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
1042,
3400,
13,
13,
29905,
4012,
29961,
9539,
29892,
8494,
336,
12003,
29962,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29892,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29897,
8607,
313,
29896,
29889,
29945,
4912,
416,
29871,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
6078,
29913,
13,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
6078,
4400,
10889,
3790,
29898,
29955,
6653,
29945,
2915,
29962,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
2520,
29922,
4818,
29962,
472,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29892,
448,
29900,
29889,
29945,
29897
] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| -0.817082 | 0.221267 | -1.54833 | -0.979267 |
{\footnotesize $\begin{array}{c}\lambda+\lambda_{12}+\lambda_{13}+\lambda_{123}\\ \leq \rk(\bU_{1(2,3)}\mid \bV_1')\end{array}$};
\node at (4,2.5)[blue]{};
\draw[clip] (0.9,1.5) circle (1.51cm);
\draw [blue, fill=black!10, ultra thick](0.9,1.5) circle (1.49cm);
\node [draw, dashed,
circle,
minimum size =3.45cm, fill = white, thick] (D) at (0.9,0.52){};
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =0.7cm, fill = red!10] () at (0.9,0.5){\tiny $\lambda_{123}$};
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =0.7cm, fill = red!10] () at (0,1){\tiny $\lambda_{12}$};
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =0.7cm, fill = red!10] () at (1.8,1){\tiny $\lambda_{13}$};
\node [draw,
circle,
minimum size =0.7cm, fill = red!10] () at (0.9,1.8){\tiny $\lambda$};
\draw[blue, ultra thick] (0.9,1.5) circle (1.5cm);
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Intuitive understanding of the constraints \eqref{eq:constraintfirst}-\eqref{eq:constraintlast}. Note that the blue circles in the bottom row of the figure do not show $\langle \bU_1\rangle$ per se, rather they show the space $\langle \bU_1\rangle$ conditioned on User $1$'s side-information, so that the corresponding sizes of all subspaces are represented with conditional ranks after conditioning on $\bV_1'$. Each user will generally have a different perspective due to different impact of conditioning on their respective side-informations, giving rise to different constraints \eqref{eq:constraintfirst}-\eqref{eq:constraintlast}.}
\label{fig:venn2}
\end{figure}
\begin{enumerate}[wide, labelindent=1em ,labelwidth=!, labelsep*=1em, leftmargin =0em, style = sameline , label=\it Remark \it\arabic{subsection}.\arabic*]
\item Figure \ref{fig:venn2} conveys an intuitive understanding of the conditions \eqref{eq:constraintfirst}-\eqref{eq:constraintlast} in Theorem \ref{thm:LP}. The $\lambda_\bullet$ parameters represent the size (dimension) of signals in various sub-spaces to be broadcast by the achievable scheme. Depending upon the region they fall in, the subspaces have different communication efficiencies. For instance, note that $\lambda_{123}$ falls in $\bU_{123}$, and carries information that is simultaneously useful for all $3$ users. Thus, $\lambda_{123}$ transmitted dimensions satisfy a total of $3\lambda_{123}$ dimensions of demand ($\lambda_{123}$ per user). Borrowing the classical metaphor, we refer to the efficiency of such transmissions as $3$ birds, $1$ stone. Transmissions corresponding to $\lambda_{ij}$ fall in subspaces $\bU_{ij}$ and are simultaneously useful for Users $i$ and $j$, so the efficiency of such transmissions is similarly referred to as $2$ birds, $1$ stone. In other words, $\lambda_{ij}$ transmitted dimensions satisfy $2\lambda_{ij}$ dimensions of demand. Transmissions corresponding to $\lambda$ fall in the three subspaces highlighted in yellow in Figure \ref{fig:venn1} where we previously noted that any two subspaces are disjoint but contain the third. What this means is that the achievable scheme needs to send any $2$ of the $3$ subspaces marked with $\lambda$, and the third can be automatically inferred from them. Thus, a transmission of $2\lambda$ dimensions, satisfies a total of $3\lambda$ dimensions of demand ($\lambda$ per user), yielding an efficiency of $3$ birds, $2$ stones.
\
|
[
2802,
6661,
16953,
675,
779,
463,
29912,
2378,
1157,
29883,
1012,
2892,
3124,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
9952,
320,
3797,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29892,
29941,
11383,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
1495,
29905,
355,
29912,
2378,
1042,
3400,
13,
29905,
3177,
472,
313,
29946,
29892,
29906,
29889,
29945,
9601,
9539,
3199,
3400,
3986,
13,
29905,
4012,
29961,
24049,
29962,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29892,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29897,
8607,
313,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29896,
4912,
416,
13,
29905,
4012,
518,
9539,
29892,
5445,
29922,
8517,
29991,
29896,
29900,
29892,
8494,
336,
12003,
850,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29892,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29897,
8607,
313,
29896,
29889,
29946,
29929,
4912,
416,
13,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
27526,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29941,
29889,
29946,
29945,
4912,
29892,
5445,
353,
4796,
29892,
12003,
29962,
313,
29928,
29897,
472,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29892,
29900,
29889,
29945,
29906,
2597,
3400,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29900,
29889,
29955,
4912,
29892,
5445,
353,
2654,
29991,
29896,
29900,
29962,
3861,
472,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29892,
29900,
29889,
29945,
21964,
25649,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1042,
3400,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29900,
29889,
29955,
4912,
29892,
5445,
353,
2654,
29991,
29896,
29900,
29962,
3861,
472,
313,
29900,
29892,
29896,
21964,
25649,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
1042,
3400,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29900,
29889,
29955,
4912,
29892,
5445,
353,
2654,
29991,
29896,
29900,
29962,
3861,
472,
313,
29896,
29889,
29947,
29892,
29896,
21964,
25649,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
1042,
3400,
13,
29905,
3177,
518,
4012,
29892,
13,
1678,
8607,
29892,
13,
1678,
9212,
2159,
353,
29900,
29889,
29955,
4912,
29892,
5445,
353,
2654,
29991,
29896,
29900,
29962,
3861,
472,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29892,
29896,
29889,
29947,
21964,
25649,
779,
2892,
24594,
13,
13,
29905,
4012,
29961,
9539,
29892,
8494,
336,
12003,
29962,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29892,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29897,
8607,
313,
29896,
29889,
29945,
4912,
416,
29871,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
6078,
29913,
13,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
17147,
29913,
13,
29905,
6671,
29912,
2928,
3121,
573,
8004,
310,
278,
11938,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
4102,
12775,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
4230,
1836,
3940,
393,
278,
29871,
7254,
22558,
297,
278,
5970,
1948,
310,
278,
4377,
437,
451,
1510,
779,
6990,
320,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29896,
29905,
5854,
29938,
639,
409,
29892,
3265,
896,
1510,
278,
2913,
779,
6990,
320,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29896,
29905,
5854,
29938,
4195,
287,
373,
4911,
395,
29896,
29938,
29915,
29879,
2625,
29899,
19678,
29892,
577,
393,
278,
6590,
15786,
310,
599,
1014,
22854,
526,
9875,
411,
15047,
27871,
1156,
4195,
292,
373,
779,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
29915,
1504,
7806,
1404,
674,
6892,
505,
263,
1422,
18520,
2861,
304,
1422,
10879,
310,
4195,
292,
373,
1009,
18067,
2625,
29899,
262,
689,
800,
29892,
6820,
14451,
304,
1422,
11938,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
4102,
12775,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
4230,
1836,
29913,
13,
29905,
1643,
29912,
1003,
29901,
854,
29876,
29906,
29913,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
4532,
29913,
13,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
15172,
4400,
8157,
29892,
3858,
12860,
29922,
29896,
331,
1919,
1643,
2103,
29922,
18565,
3858,
19570,
29930,
29922,
29896,
331,
29892,
2175,
9264,
353,
29900,
331,
29892,
3114,
353,
3514,
5570,
1919,
3858,
2013,
277,
5240,
935,
320,
277,
29905,
25822,
293,
29912,
7235,
1836,
29905,
25822,
293,
29930,
29962,
13,
29905,
667,
11479,
320,
999,
29912,
1003,
29901,
854,
29876,
29906,
29913,
378,
345,
952,
385,
27951,
573,
8004,
310,
278,
5855,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
4102,
12775,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
4230,
29913,
297,
10244,
320,
999,
29912,
12743,
29901,
13208,
1836,
450,
779,
2892,
3187,
18850,
29938,
4128,
2755,
278,
2159,
313,
6229,
2673,
29897,
310,
18470,
297,
5164,
1014,
29899,
22854,
304,
367,
12672,
491,
278,
27012,
519,
11380,
29889,
28277,
2501,
278,
5120,
896,
6416,
297,
29892,
278,
1014,
22854,
505,
1422,
12084,
6366,
819,
2478,
29889,
1152,
2777,
29892,
4443,
393,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1042,
20074,
297,
779,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
4429,
322,
1559,
2722,
2472,
393,
338,
21699,
5407,
363,
599,
395,
29941,
29938,
4160,
29889,
6549,
29892,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1042,
18750,
4430,
13391,
15523,
263,
3001,
310,
395,
29941,
29905,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1042,
13391,
310,
9667,
20430,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1042,
639,
1404,
467,
6780,
798,
292,
278,
14499,
1539,
481,
2015,
29892,
591,
2737,
304,
278,
19201,
310,
1316,
18750,
6847,
408,
395,
29941,
29938,
17952,
29892,
395,
29896,
29938,
12565,
29889,
4103,
29885,
6847,
6590,
304,
779,
2892,
648,
823,
1042,
6416,
297,
1014,
22854,
779,
29890,
29965,
648,
823,
1042,
322,
526,
21699,
5407,
363,
23861,
395,
29875,
29938,
322,
395,
29926,
1628,
577,
278,
19201,
310,
1316,
18750,
6847,
338,
22829,
12992,
304,
408,
395,
29906,
29938,
17952,
29892,
395,
29896,
29938,
12565,
29889,
512,
916,
3838,
29892,
779,
2892,
648,
823,
1042,
18750,
4430,
13391,
15523,
395,
29906,
29905,
2892,
648,
823,
1042,
13391,
310,
9667,
29889,
4103,
29885,
6847,
6590,
304,
779,
2892,
29938,
6416,
297,
278,
2211,
1014,
22854,
12141,
287,
297,
13328,
297,
11479,
320,
999,
29912,
1003,
29901,
854,
29876,
29896,
29913,
988,
591,
9251,
11682,
393,
738,
1023,
1014,
22854,
526,
766,
12090,
541,
1712,
278,
4654,
29889,
1724,
445,
2794,
338,
393,
278,
27012,
519,
11380,
4225,
304,
3638,
738,
395,
29906,
29938,
310,
278,
395,
29941,
29938,
1014,
22854,
10902,
411,
779,
2892,
1628,
322,
278,
4654,
508,
367,
6336,
10115,
1127,
515,
963,
29889,
6549,
29892,
263,
22713,
310,
395,
29906,
29905,
2892,
29938,
13391,
29892,
17150,
263,
3001,
310,
395,
29941,
29905,
2892,
29938,
13391,
310,
9667,
20430,
2892,
29938,
639,
1404,
511,
7709,
292,
385,
19201,
310,
395,
29941,
29938,
17952,
29892,
395,
29906,
29938,
25702,
29889,
13,
13,
29905
] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| -0.267726 | 1.329575 | -1.053401 | 0.107578 |
item In light of the previous remark, now consider the objective to be minimized in \eqref{eq:optimize},
$\Delta^*=\rk(\bV_1|\bV_1')+\rk(\bV_2\bV_2')+\rk(\bV_3|\bV_3') - 2\lambda_{123}-\lambda_{12}-\lambda_{13}-\lambda_{23}-\lambda$. We recognize the sum of the first three terms as the broadcast cost if the users were to be served separately and no gain in efficiency was possible by jointly satisfying multiple demands. Let this be our baseline. Now note that because $3\lambda_{123}$ dimensions of demand were satisfied with $\lambda_{123}$ dimensions of broadcast, the cost-saving incurred relative to the baseline is $2\lambda_{123}$, which explains the fourth term that appears as a negative term in the objective. The next three negative terms are similarly justified because each $\lambda_{ij}$ dimensions of transmission satisfies $2\lambda_{ij}$ dimensions of demand, thus saving $\lambda_{ij}$ relative to the baseline. Finally, for the $\lambda$ term, we recall that a total transmission cost of $2\lambda$ dimensions is able to satisfy $3\lambda$ dimensions of demand, thus saving another $\lambda$ in broadcast cost, which explains the last negative term in the objective function.
\item To avoid oversimplification, let us note that the intuitive explanation above does not account for a highly non-trivial aspect of the problem that remains challenging --- namely, each user's view of useful dimensions depends on his own side-information, and is in general different from other users. This is indicated in Figure \ref{fig:venn2} by noting that the relevant signal spaces for User $1$ are not simply the $\bU_\bullet$ spaces that appear in the decomposition at the top of Figure \ref{fig:venn1} and Figure \ref{fig:venn2}. Rather, each user's view of useful subspaces is conditional on his side information. For example, the same signal space $\bU_{123}$ when seen by the Users $1,2,3$, contains $\rk(\bU_{123}\mid \bV_1'), \rk(\bU_{123}\mid \bV_2'), \rk(\bU_{123}\mid \bV_3')$ useful dimensions, respectively. Thus, the total number of dimensions useful to all three users, i.e., the size of $\lambda_{123}$ is limited by those three bounds in \eqref{eq:constraintfirst}-\eqref{eq:constraintthird}. Even with the size of $\lambda_{123}$ constrained in this manner, finding the broadcast dimension is not trivial because each user may find a different $\lambda_{123}$ portion of $\bU_{123}$ useful to them. Similar challenges arise in identifying $\lambda_{ij}$ dimensions that are useful to Users $i$ and $j$, when each user's perspective is different, conditioned on their own side-information. Even greater care has to be taken in identifying the $\lambda$ sections of the broadcast signal, to ensure that $2$ transmissions span the third, while facing the challenge that the projections of $\lambda$ into each user's perspective are distinguished by their different side-informations.
\end{enumerate}
\section{Toy Examples} \label{sec:examples}
In this section, we present simple toy examples that illustrate some of the ideas discussed previously, such as subspace decompositions and linear-programming tradeoffs between schemes with different communication efficiency (birds vs stones), some ideas that will be important later on in the construction of the general achievable scheme, such as field extensions, vector coding, and mixing of dimensions, and some new insights, such as the insufficiency of entropic structure, and the need for functional submodularity. For these examples we use specialized notation for simplicity: $(({\bf W}_i'\rightarrow{\bf W}_i), i=1,2,3)$ to specify the setting, $A,B,C,D,E$ instead of $x_1,x_2,x_3,x_4,x_5$, and $A_\ell$ instead of $A(\ell)$.
\begin{example}[$3$ birds, $1$ stone]
\label{ex:3x_efficiency} Consider $d=3$ dimensional data ${\bf X}^T=(A,B
|
[
667,
512,
3578,
310,
278,
3517,
8509,
29892,
1286,
2050,
278,
12091,
304,
367,
6260,
1891,
297,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
20640,
675,
1118,
13,
4535,
5268,
6622,
2013,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
4295,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
1495,
3124,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29906,
29905,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29906,
1495,
3124,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29941,
4295,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29941,
1495,
448,
29871,
29906,
29905,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
12775,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
12775,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
12775,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
12775,
2892,
1504,
1334,
18720,
278,
2533,
310,
278,
937,
2211,
4958,
408,
278,
12672,
3438,
565,
278,
4160,
892,
304,
367,
6766,
16949,
322,
694,
11581,
297,
19201,
471,
1950,
491,
14002,
368,
24064,
2999,
1261,
4167,
29889,
2803,
445,
367,
1749,
2362,
5570,
29889,
2567,
4443,
393,
1363,
395,
29941,
29905,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1042,
13391,
310,
9667,
892,
15787,
411,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1042,
13391,
310,
12672,
29892,
278,
3438,
29899,
29879,
5555,
297,
2764,
1127,
6198,
304,
278,
2362,
5570,
338,
395,
29906,
29905,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
4429,
607,
18568,
278,
11582,
1840,
393,
5692,
408,
263,
8178,
1840,
297,
278,
12091,
29889,
450,
2446,
2211,
29871,
8178,
4958,
526,
22829,
925,
2164,
1363,
1269,
779,
2892,
648,
823,
1042,
13391,
310,
22713,
17150,
395,
29906,
29905,
2892,
648,
823,
1042,
13391,
310,
9667,
29892,
4550,
14238,
779,
2892,
648,
823,
1042,
6198,
304,
278,
2362,
5570,
29889,
9788,
29892,
363,
278,
779,
2892,
29938,
1840,
29892,
591,
17386,
393,
263,
3001,
22713,
3438,
310,
395,
29906,
29905,
2892,
29938,
13391,
338,
2221,
304,
15523,
395,
29941,
29905,
2892,
29938,
13391,
310,
9667,
29892,
4550,
14238,
1790,
779,
2892,
29938,
297,
12672,
3438,
29892,
607,
18568,
278,
1833,
8178,
1840,
297,
278,
12091,
740,
29889,
13,
13,
29905,
667,
1763,
4772,
288,
874,
13699,
2450,
29892,
1235,
502,
29871,
4443,
393,
278,
27951,
573,
8252,
2038,
947,
451,
3633,
363,
263,
10712,
1661,
29899,
29873,
9473,
9565,
310,
278,
1108,
393,
9242,
18066,
292,
11474,
18451,
29892,
1269,
1404,
29915,
29879,
1776,
310,
5407,
13391,
7111,
373,
670,
1914,
2625,
29899,
19678,
29892,
322,
338,
297,
2498,
1422,
515,
916,
4160,
29889,
910,
338,
18694,
297,
11479,
320,
999,
29912,
1003,
29901,
854,
29876,
29906,
29913,
491,
451,
292,
393,
278,
8018,
7182,
8162,
363,
4911,
395,
29896,
29938,
526,
451,
3763,
278,
779,
29890,
29965,
3187,
18850,
29938,
8162,
393,
2615,
297,
278,
26227,
472,
278,
2246,
310,
11479,
320,
999,
29912,
1003,
29901,
854,
29876,
29896,
29913,
322,
11479,
320,
999,
29912,
1003,
29901,
854,
29876,
29906,
1836,
390,
1624,
29892,
1269,
1404,
29915,
29879,
1776,
310,
5407,
1014,
22854,
338,
15047,
373,
670,
2625,
2472,
29889,
1152,
1342,
29892,
278,
1021,
7182,
2913,
779,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1042,
746,
3595,
491,
278,
23861,
395,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29892,
29941,
1628,
3743,
779,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1012,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
5477,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1012,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29906,
5477,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1012,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29941,
29915,
1262,
5407,
13391,
29892,
8307,
29889,
6549,
29892,
278,
3001,
1353,
310,
29871,
13391,
5407,
304,
599,
2211,
4160,
29892,
474,
29889,
29872,
1696,
278,
2159,
310,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1042,
338,
9078,
491,
1906,
2211,
13451,
297,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
4102,
12775,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
22585,
1836,
7753,
411,
278,
2159,
310,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1042,
1040,
22042,
297,
445,
8214,
29892,
9138,
278,
12672,
9927,
338,
451,
12604,
1363,
1269,
1404,
1122,
1284,
263,
1422,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1042,
11910,
310,
779,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1042,
5407,
304,
963,
29889,
13999,
18066,
267,
29030,
297,
2893,
9215,
779,
2892,
648,
823,
1042,
13391,
393,
526,
5407,
304,
23861,
395,
29875,
29938,
322,
395,
29926,
1628,
746,
1269,
1404,
29915,
29879,
18520,
338,
1422,
29892,
4195,
287,
373,
1009,
1914,
2625,
29899,
19678,
29889,
7753,
7621,
2562,
756,
304,
367,
4586,
297,
2893,
9215,
278,
779,
2892,
29938,
13926,
310,
278,
12672,
7182,
29892,
304,
9801,
393,
395,
29906,
29938,
18750,
6847,
10638,
278,
4654,
29892,
1550,
14870,
278,
18766,
393,
278,
410,
24247,
310,
779,
2892,
29938,
964,
1269,
1404,
29915,
29879,
18520,
526,
20660,
491,
1009,
1422,
2625,
29899,
262,
689,
800,
29889,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
15172,
29913,
13,
13,
13,
29905,
2042,
29912,
1762,
29891,
1222,
9422,
29913,
320,
1643,
29912,
3471,
29901,
19057,
29913,
13,
797,
445,
4004,
29892,
591,
2198,
2560,
304,
29891,
6455,
393,
28475,
777,
310,
278,
7014,
15648,
9251,
29892,
29871,
1316,
408,
1014,
3493,
17753,
1066,
2187,
322,
5608,
29899,
28426,
29871,
11302,
22450,
1546,
27715,
411,
1422,
12084,
19201,
313,
18513,
29879,
7186,
25702,
511,
777,
7014,
393,
674,
367,
4100,
2678,
373,
297,
278,
7632,
310,
278,
2498,
27012,
519,
11380,
29892,
1316,
408,
1746,
17752,
29892,
4608,
14137,
29892,
322,
24907,
310,
13391,
29892,
322,
777,
716,
1663,
5861,
29892,
1316,
408,
278,
1663,
29884,
2416,
13396,
310,
875,
1336,
293,
3829,
29892,
322,
278,
817,
363,
13303,
1014,
1545,
1070,
537,
29889,
1152,
1438,
6455,
591,
671,
4266,
1891,
12640,
363,
23205,
29901,
2427,
13670,
1635,
399,
2403,
29875,
12764,
5211,
741,
1635,
399,
2403,
29875,
511,
474,
29922,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29892,
29941,
1262,
304,
6084,
278,
4444,
29892,
395,
29909,
29892,
29933,
29892,
29907,
29892,
29928,
29892,
29923,
29938,
2012,
310,
395,
29916,
29918,
29896,
29892,
29916,
29918,
29906,
29892,
29916,
29918,
29941,
29892,
29916,
29918,
29946,
29892,
29916,
29918,
29945,
1628,
322,
395,
29909,
3187,
514,
29938,
2012,
310,
395,
29909,
1194,
514,
4935,
13,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
4773,
4400,
29938,
29941,
29938,
17952,
29892,
395,
29896,
29938,
12565,
29962,
13,
12,
29905,
1643,
29912,
735,
29901,
29941,
29916,
29918,
29872,
2416,
13396,
29913,
10056,
395,
29881,
29922,
29941,
29938,
22112,
848,
7555,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
7607,
29909,
29892,
29933
] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| -0.137817 | 1.85388 | -0.684445 | 0.448779 |
,C)$ over $\mathbb{F}_3$, and $((A\rightarrow B+C), (B\rightarrow A+C),(C\rightarrow A+B))$. In other words, User $1$ has $A$ and wants $B+C$, User $2$ has $B$ and wants $A+C$, and User $3$ has $C$ and wants $A+B$. A signal space decomposition as in Figure \ref{fig:venn1} yields for this example,
\begin{align}
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline
\bB_{123}& \bB_{12}^{123^c}& \bB_{13}^{123^c}& \bB_{23}^{123^c}&\bB_{1(2,3)}^{(12,13)^c}&\bB_{2(1,3)}^{(12,23)^c}&\bB_{3(1,2)}^{(13,23)^c}&\bB_{1c}&\bB_{2c}&\bB_{3c}\\\hline
A+B+C& - & - & - & A & B & A+B & - & - & -\\\hline
\end{array}
\end{align}
Note that for simplicity in these examples we indicate $\bB_{123}$ as $A+B+C$ instead of the formal representation as the vector $[1,1,1]^T$ in the $3$ dimensional data universe. The optimal broadcast cost is $\Delta^*=1$, achieved with $L=1$, $\lambda_{12}=\lambda_{23}=\lambda_{13}=\lambda=0$, $\lambda_{123}=1$, by broadcasting ${\bf S}=(A+B+C)$.
\end{example}
\begin{example}[$2$ birds, $1$ stone, vector coding, insufficiency of entropic structure]\label{ex:2x_efficiency} Consider $d=3$ dimensional data ${\bf X}^T=(A,B,C)$ over $\mathbb{F}_3$, and $((A\rightarrow B+C), (B\rightarrow A+C),(C\rightarrow A+2B))$.
A signal space decomposition yields,
\begin{align*}
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline
\bB_{123}& \bB_{12}^{123^c}& \bB_{13}^{123^c}& \bB_{23}^{123^c}&\bB_{1(2,3)}^{(12,13)^c}&\bB_{2(1,3)}^{(12,23)^c}&\bB_{3(1,2)}^{(13,23)^c}&\bB_{1c}&\bB_{2c}&\bB_{3c}\\\hline
-&{\small A+B+C} & {\small A+2B+2C} & {\small A+2B+C} & - & - & - & - & - & -\\\hline
\end{array}
\end{align*}
The optimal broadcast cost is $\Delta^*=1.5$, achieved with $L=2$, $\lambda_{123}=\lambda=0, \lambda_{12}=\lambda_{13}=\lambda_{23}=0.5$, by broadcasting ${\bf S}=(A_1+B_1+C_1, A_2+2B_2+2C_2, (A_1+2B_1+C_1)+(A_2+2B_2+C_2))$.
\end{example}
Evidently, $1.5$ dimensions of broadcast satisfy a total of $3$ dimensions of demand, as expected from a $2$ birds, $1$ stone setting. Also note that this example requires vector coding, i.e., we need $L>1$. Most importantly, however, this example illustrates that unlike the $2$ user LCBC, entropic structure is not enough for the $3$ user LCBC. Recall from \cite{Sun_Jafar_CBC}, that an entropic formulation of the LCBC problem seeks min $H({\bf S})$ given the encoding constraint,
|
[
29892,
29907,
1262,
975,
779,
1995,
29912,
29943,
2403,
29941,
1628,
322,
2427,
29898,
29909,
29905,
5211,
350,
29974,
29907,
511,
313,
29933,
29905,
5211,
319,
29974,
29907,
21336,
29907,
29905,
5211,
319,
29974,
29933,
876,
1504,
512,
916,
3838,
29892,
4911,
395,
29896,
29938,
756,
395,
29909,
29938,
322,
10753,
395,
29933,
29974,
29907,
1628,
4911,
395,
29906,
29938,
756,
395,
29933,
29938,
322,
10753,
395,
29909,
29974,
29907,
1628,
322,
4911,
395,
29941,
29938,
756,
395,
29907,
29938,
322,
10753,
395,
29909,
29974,
29933,
1504,
319,
7182,
2913,
26227,
408,
297,
11479,
320,
999,
29912,
1003,
29901,
854,
29876,
29896,
29913,
29871,
17498,
363,
445,
1342,
29892,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2378,
24525,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
1012,
7760,
13,
29905,
29890,
29933,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
15704,
320,
29890,
29933,
648,
29896,
29906,
2844,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29985,
29883,
15704,
320,
29890,
29933,
648,
29896,
29941,
2844,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29985,
29883,
15704,
320,
29890,
29933,
648,
29906,
29941,
2844,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29985,
29883,
29913,
11035,
29890,
29933,
648,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29892,
29941,
29897,
14810,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29896,
29941,
4887,
29883,
29913,
11035,
29890,
29933,
648,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29941,
29897,
14810,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29906,
29941,
4887,
29883,
29913,
11035,
29890,
29933,
648,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29897,
14810,
29896,
29941,
29892,
29906,
29941,
4887,
29883,
29913,
11035,
29890,
29933,
648,
29896,
29883,
29913,
11035,
29890,
29933,
648,
29906,
29883,
29913,
11035,
29890,
29933,
648,
29941,
29883,
1012,
1966,
7760,
13,
29909,
29974,
29933,
29974,
29907,
29987,
448,
669,
448,
669,
448,
669,
319,
669,
350,
669,
319,
29974,
29933,
669,
448,
669,
448,
669,
448,
1966,
29905,
7760,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2378,
29913,
12,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
9842,
393,
363,
23205,
297,
1438,
6455,
591,
12266,
779,
29890,
29933,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1042,
408,
395,
29909,
29974,
29933,
29974,
29907,
29938,
2012,
310,
278,
11595,
8954,
408,
278,
4608,
11970,
29896,
29892,
29896,
29892,
29896,
29962,
29985,
29911,
29938,
297,
278,
395,
29941,
29938,
22112,
848,
19859,
29889,
450,
14413,
12672,
3438,
338,
779,
5268,
6622,
29922,
29896,
1628,
14363,
411,
395,
29931,
29922,
29896,
1628,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
8738,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
8738,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
8738,
2892,
29922,
29900,
1628,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
5369,
29896,
1628,
491,
12672,
292,
7555,
1635,
317,
5369,
29898,
29909,
29974,
29933,
29974,
29907,
4935,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
4773,
29913,
13,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
4773,
4400,
29938,
29906,
29938,
17952,
29892,
395,
29896,
29938,
12565,
29892,
4608,
14137,
29892,
1663,
29884,
2416,
13396,
310,
875,
1336,
293,
3829,
10725,
1643,
29912,
735,
29901,
29906,
29916,
29918,
29872,
2416,
13396,
29913,
10056,
395,
29881,
29922,
29941,
29938,
22112,
848,
7555,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
7607,
29909,
29892,
29933,
29892,
29907,
1262,
975,
779,
1995,
29912,
29943,
2403,
29941,
1628,
322,
2427,
29898,
29909,
29905,
5211,
350,
29974,
29907,
511,
313,
29933,
29905,
5211,
319,
29974,
29907,
21336,
29907,
29905,
5211,
319,
29974,
29906,
29933,
876,
1504,
29871,
13,
29909,
7182,
2913,
26227,
17498,
29892,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
4044,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2378,
24525,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
1012,
7760,
13,
29905,
29890,
29933,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
15704,
320,
29890,
29933,
648,
29896,
29906,
2844,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29985,
29883,
15704,
320,
29890,
29933,
648,
29896,
29941,
2844,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29985,
29883,
15704,
320,
29890,
29933,
648,
29906,
29941,
2844,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29985,
29883,
29913,
11035,
29890,
29933,
648,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29892,
29941,
29897,
14810,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29896,
29941,
4887,
29883,
29913,
11035,
29890,
29933,
648,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29941,
29897,
14810,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29906,
29941,
4887,
29883,
29913,
11035,
29890,
29933,
648,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29897,
14810,
29896,
29941,
29892,
29906,
29941,
4887,
29883,
29913,
11035,
29890,
29933,
648,
29896,
29883,
29913,
11035,
29890,
29933,
648,
29906,
29883,
29913,
11035,
29890,
29933,
648,
29941,
29883,
1012,
1966,
7760,
13,
29899,
29987,
741,
9278,
319,
29974,
29933,
29974,
29907,
29913,
669,
2802,
9278,
319,
29974,
29906,
29933,
29974,
29906,
29907,
29913,
669,
2802,
9278,
319,
29974,
29906,
29933,
29974,
29907,
29913,
669,
448,
669,
448,
669,
448,
669,
448,
669,
448,
669,
448,
1966,
29905,
7760,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2378,
29913,
12,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
4044,
13,
1576,
14413,
12672,
3438,
338,
779,
5268,
6622,
29922,
29896,
29889,
29945,
1628,
14363,
411,
395,
29931,
29922,
29906,
1628,
29871,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
8738,
2892,
29922,
29900,
29892,
320,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
8738,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
8738,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
5369,
29900,
29889,
29945,
1628,
491,
12672,
292,
7555,
1635,
317,
5369,
29898,
29909,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29933,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29907,
29918,
29896,
29892,
319,
29918,
29906,
29974,
29906,
29933,
29918,
29906,
29974,
29906,
29907,
29918,
29906,
29892,
313,
29909,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29906,
29933,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29907,
29918,
29896,
7240,
29898,
29909,
29918,
29906,
29974,
29906,
29933,
29918,
29906,
29974,
29907,
29918,
29906,
876,
1504,
29871,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
4773,
29913,
13,
29923,
29894,
1693,
368,
29892,
395,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29938,
13391,
310,
12672,
15523,
263,
3001,
310,
395,
29941,
29938,
13391,
310,
9667,
29892,
408,
3806,
515,
263,
395,
29906,
29938,
17952,
29892,
395,
29896,
29938,
12565,
4444,
29889,
3115,
4443,
393,
445,
1342,
6858,
4608,
14137,
29892,
474,
29889,
29872,
1696,
591,
817,
395,
29931,
29958,
29896,
1504,
7849,
4100,
368,
29892,
3138,
29892,
445,
1342,
8632,
1078,
393,
25531,
278,
395,
29906,
29938,
1404,
365,
29907,
5371,
29892,
875,
1336,
293,
3829,
338,
451,
3307,
363,
278,
395,
29941,
29938,
1404,
365,
29907,
5371,
29889,
3599,
497,
515,
320,
2036,
29912,
29903,
348,
29918,
29967,
2142,
279,
29918,
29907,
5371,
1118,
393,
385,
875,
1336,
293,
883,
2785,
310,
278,
365,
29907,
5371,
1108,
29871,
1074,
2039,
1375,
395,
29950,
13670,
1635,
317,
8435,
2183,
278,
8025,
7276,
29892
] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| -0.701607 | 1.537221 | -0.846284 | 0.042753 |
$H({\bf S}\mid \mathcal{W}^*)=0$, the $3$ decoding constraints, $H({\bf W}_k\mid {\bf S}, {\bf W}_k')=0, \forall k\in[1:3]$, and the values of $H(\mathcal{W}), \forall\mathcal{W}\subset\mathcal{W}^*$. Based on just these entropic constraints, and the properties of entropy functions (all Shannon as well as non-Shannon information inequalities), $\Delta_o\triangleq \min H({\bf S})$ constitutes a converse bound on optimal broadcast cost, $\Delta^*\geq \Delta_o$. Such a bound is tight for the $2$ user LCBC as shown in \cite{Sun_Jafar_CBC}. Interestingly, this is not the case for the $3$ user LCBC. Albeit somewhat tedious, it is not difficult to verify that Example \ref{ex:3x_efficiency} and Example \ref{ex:2x_efficiency} have different $\Delta^*$, but identical entropic formulations, i.e., the entropies of all $2^6-1$ non-empty subsets $\mathcal{W}\subset\mathcal{W}^*$ in Example \ref{ex:3x_efficiency} are identical to those in Example \ref{ex:2x_efficiency}. Thus, the converse for Example \ref{ex:2x_efficiency} cannot be proved from the entropic formulation alone. Indeed, the key to the converse bound $\Delta^*\geq 1.5$ is the \emph{functional} submodularity of \cite{Tao_FS, Kontoyiannis_Madiman} that accounts for the functional forms of the users' side information and demands.
\begin{example}[$3$ birds, $2$ stones, the user's perspective]
\label{ex:ic} Consider $d=3$ dimensional data ${\bf X}^T=(A,B,C)$ over $\mathbb{F}_2$, and $((A\rightarrow B), (B\rightarrow C),(C\rightarrow A))$. A signal space decomposition as in Figure \ref{fig:venn1} yields,
\begin{align*}
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline
\bB_{123}& \bB_{12}^{123^c}& \bB_{13}^{123^c}& \bB_{23}^{123^c}&\bB_{1(2,3)}^{(12,13)^c}&\bB_{2(1,3)}^{(12,23)^c}&\bB_{3(1,2)}^{(13,23)^c}&\bB_{1c}&\bB_{2c}&\bB_{3c}\\\hline
-& B & A & C & - & - & - & - & - & -\\\hline
\end{array}
\end{align*}
This coincides with an index coding problem, the optimal broadcast cost is $\Delta^*=2$, achieved with $L=1$, $\lambda_{123}=\lambda_{12}=\lambda_{13}=\lambda_{23}=0,\lambda=1$, by broadcasting ${\bf S}=(A+B, B+C)$.
\end{example}
This example also highlights the importance of the users' individual perspectives conditioned on their side-information. Without accounting for side-information, the signal space decomposition of Figure \ref{fig:venn1} suggests that all the signals reside in $\bU_{12}, \bU_{13}, \bU_{23}$, which might suggest $2$ birds, $1$ stone schemes with $\lambda_{12}=\lambda_{13}=\lambda_{23}=0.5$ and a download cost of $\Delta^*=1.5$. However, this is not achievable, as we note the optimal download cost is $\Delta^*=2$. To see this, consider individual users' perspectives. For example, User $1$ requires $\lambda_{13}+\lambda_{123}\leq \rk({\bf U}_{13}\mid \bV_1')$. Now since both $\bU_{13}$ and $\bV_1'$ correspond to the data dimension $A$, this conditional rank is $0$. In other words
|
[
395,
29950,
13670,
1635,
317,
1012,
6563,
320,
1942,
29912,
29956,
2137,
29930,
3892,
29900,
1628,
278,
395,
29941,
29938,
1602,
3689,
11938,
29892,
395,
29950,
13670,
1635,
399,
2403,
29895,
29905,
6563,
2802,
1635,
317,
1118,
2802,
1635,
399,
2403,
29895,
1495,
29922,
29900,
29892,
320,
10956,
413,
29905,
262,
29961,
29896,
29901,
29941,
25473,
322,
29871,
278,
1819,
310,
395,
29950,
1194,
1942,
29912,
29956,
9594,
320,
10956,
29905,
1942,
29912,
29956,
1012,
6484,
29905,
1942,
29912,
29956,
2137,
29930,
1504,
16564,
373,
29871,
925,
1438,
875,
1336,
293,
11938,
29892,
322,
278,
4426,
310,
24687,
3168,
313,
497,
1383,
23453,
408,
1532,
408,
1661,
29899,
2713,
23453,
2472,
297,
11745,
1907,
511,
29871,
779,
5268,
29918,
29877,
29905,
26701,
29939,
320,
1195,
379,
13670,
1635,
317,
8435,
20016,
2667,
263,
378,
3901,
3216,
373,
14413,
12672,
3438,
29892,
779,
5268,
6622,
29905,
6279,
320,
5268,
29918,
29877,
1504,
10506,
263,
3216,
338,
19932,
363,
278,
395,
29906,
29938,
1404,
365,
29907,
5371,
408,
4318,
297,
320,
2036,
29912,
29903,
348,
29918,
29967,
2142,
279,
29918,
29907,
5371,
1836,
23829,
11687,
29892,
29871,
445,
338,
451,
278,
1206,
363,
278,
395,
29941,
29938,
1404,
365,
29907,
5371,
29889,
838,
6205,
10579,
29748,
2738,
29892,
372,
338,
451,
5189,
304,
11539,
393,
8741,
320,
999,
29912,
735,
29901,
29941,
29916,
29918,
29872,
2416,
13396,
29913,
322,
8741,
320,
999,
29912,
735,
29901,
29906,
29916,
29918,
29872,
2416,
13396,
29913,
505,
1422,
779,
5268,
6622,
1628,
541,
13557,
875,
1336,
293,
883,
8250,
29892,
474,
29889,
29872,
1696,
278,
875,
1336,
583,
310,
599,
395,
29906,
29985,
29953,
29899,
29896,
29938,
1661,
29899,
6310,
27639,
779,
1942,
29912,
29956,
1012,
6484,
29905,
1942,
29912,
29956,
2137,
29394,
29871,
297,
8741,
320,
999,
29912,
735,
29901,
29941,
29916,
29918,
29872,
2416,
13396,
29913,
526,
13557,
304,
1906,
297,
8741,
320,
999,
29912,
735,
29901,
29906,
29916,
29918,
29872,
2416,
13396,
1836,
6549,
29892,
278,
378,
3901,
363,
8741,
320,
999,
29912,
735,
29901,
29906,
29916,
29918,
29872,
2416,
13396,
29913,
2609,
367,
11827,
515,
278,
875,
1336,
293,
883,
2785,
7432,
29889,
14598,
29892,
278,
1820,
304,
278,
378,
3901,
3216,
779,
5268,
6622,
29905,
6279,
29871,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29938,
338,
278,
320,
7278,
29912,
2220,
284,
29913,
1014,
1545,
1070,
537,
310,
320,
2036,
29912,
29911,
6241,
29918,
9998,
29892,
5250,
517,
29891,
713,
6994,
29918,
21878,
25895,
29913,
393,
15303,
363,
278,
13303,
7190,
310,
278,
4160,
29915,
2625,
2472,
322,
1261,
4167,
29889,
13,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
4773,
4400,
29938,
29941,
29938,
17952,
29892,
395,
29906,
29938,
25702,
29892,
278,
1404,
29915,
29879,
18520,
29962,
13,
12,
29905,
1643,
29912,
735,
29901,
293,
29913,
10056,
395,
29881,
29922,
29941,
29938,
22112,
848,
7555,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
7607,
29909,
29892,
29933,
29892,
29907,
1262,
975,
779,
1995,
29912,
29943,
2403,
29906,
1628,
322,
2427,
29898,
29909,
29905,
5211,
350,
511,
313,
29933,
29905,
5211,
315,
21336,
29907,
29905,
5211,
319,
876,
1504,
319,
7182,
2913,
26227,
408,
297,
11479,
320,
999,
29912,
1003,
29901,
854,
29876,
29896,
29913,
29871,
17498,
29892,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
4044,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2378,
24525,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
1012,
7760,
13,
29905,
29890,
29933,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
15704,
320,
29890,
29933,
648,
29896,
29906,
2844,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29985,
29883,
15704,
320,
29890,
29933,
648,
29896,
29941,
2844,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29985,
29883,
15704,
320,
29890,
29933,
648,
29906,
29941,
2844,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29985,
29883,
29913,
11035,
29890,
29933,
648,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29892,
29941,
29897,
14810,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29896,
29941,
4887,
29883,
29913,
11035,
29890,
29933,
648,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29941,
29897,
14810,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29906,
29941,
4887,
29883,
29913,
11035,
29890,
29933,
648,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29897,
14810,
29896,
29941,
29892,
29906,
29941,
4887,
29883,
29913,
11035,
29890,
29933,
648,
29896,
29883,
29913,
11035,
29890,
29933,
648,
29906,
29883,
29913,
11035,
29890,
29933,
648,
29941,
29883,
1012,
1966,
7760,
13,
29899,
29987,
350,
669,
319,
669,
315,
669,
448,
669,
448,
669,
448,
669,
448,
669,
448,
669,
448,
1966,
29905,
7760,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2378,
29913,
12,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
4044,
13,
12,
4013,
22819,
2247,
411,
385,
2380,
14137,
1108,
29892,
29871,
278,
14413,
12672,
3438,
338,
779,
5268,
6622,
29922,
29906,
1628,
14363,
411,
395,
29931,
29922,
29896,
1628,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
8738,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
8738,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
8738,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
5369,
29900,
2053,
2892,
29922,
29896,
1628,
491,
12672,
292,
7555,
1635,
317,
5369,
29898,
29909,
29974,
29933,
29892,
350,
29974,
29907,
4935,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
4773,
29913,
13,
4013,
1342,
884,
12141,
29879,
278,
13500,
310,
278,
4160,
29915,
5375,
3736,
1103,
3145,
4195,
287,
373,
1009,
2625,
29899,
19678,
29889,
13932,
3633,
292,
363,
2625,
29899,
19678,
29892,
278,
7182,
2913,
26227,
310,
11479,
320,
999,
29912,
1003,
29901,
854,
29876,
29896,
29913,
14661,
393,
599,
278,
18470,
620,
680,
297,
779,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29906,
1118,
320,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29941,
1118,
320,
29890,
29965,
648,
29906,
29941,
4429,
607,
1795,
4368,
395,
29906,
29938,
17952,
29892,
395,
29896,
29938,
12565,
27715,
411,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
8738,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
8738,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
5369,
29900,
29889,
29945,
29938,
322,
263,
5142,
3438,
310,
779,
5268,
6622,
29922,
29896,
29889,
29945,
1504,
2398,
29892,
445,
338,
451,
27012,
519,
29892,
408,
591,
4443,
278,
14413,
5142,
3438,
338,
779,
5268,
6622,
29922,
29906,
1504,
1763,
1074,
445,
29892,
2050,
5375,
4160,
29915,
3736,
1103,
3145,
29889,
1152,
1342,
29892,
4911,
395,
29896,
29938,
6858,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1012,
3797,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29941,
1012,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
29915,
4935,
2567,
1951,
1716,
779,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29941,
1042,
322,
779,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
13090,
3928,
304,
278,
848,
9927,
395,
29909,
1628,
445,
15047,
7115,
338,
395,
29900,
1504,
512,
916,
3838
] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| -0.202347 | 1.812351 | -0.609998 | 0.23122 |
, even though the subspace $\bU_{13}$ has one dimension that may suggest the opportunity to simultaneously satisfy users $1$ and $3$, this dimension happens to be already available to User $1$. Thus, upon taking into account User $1$'s side-information, there is no such opportunity. We end up with $\lambda_{123}=\lambda_{12}=\lambda_{13}=\lambda_{23}=0$, and $\lambda=1$. Out of the $3$ dimensions, say $A+B, B+C, C+A$, any two yield the third by summation (over $\mathbb{F}_2$), and it suffices to send any $2$ to satisfy all $3$ users. Notice the need to mix up the dimensions, appealing to mixed dimensions (similar to random coding arguments) will be a key idea to develop the general achievable scheme.
As noted, Example \ref{ex:2x_efficiency} used vector coding $(L>1)$ to achieve the optimal download cost $\Delta^*=1.5$. Vector coding may be strictly necessary even in cases where the optimal download cost $\Delta^*$ is an integer value, as illustrated by the next example. The necessity of vector coding for the $3$ user LCBC is remarkable because scalar coding was found to be sufficient for the 2 user LCBC in \cite{Sun_Jafar_CBC}).
\begin{example}[Field size extension] \label{ex:field_ext} Consider $d=2$ dimensional data ${\bf X}^T=(A,B)$ over $\mathbb{F}_2$, and $((A\rightarrow B), (B\rightarrow A+B),(A+B\rightarrow A))$.
A signal space decomposition as in Figure \ref{fig:venn1} yields,
\begin{align*}
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline
\bB_{123}& \bB_{12}^{123^c}& \bB_{13}^{123^c}& \bB_{23}^{123^c}&\bB_{1(2,3)}^{(12,13)^c}&\bB_{2(1,3)}^{(12,23)^c}&\bB_{3(1,2)}^{(13,23)^c}&\bB_{1c}&\bB_{2c}&\bB_{3c}\\\hline
A,B& - & - & - & - & - & - & - & - & -\\\hline
\end{array}
\end{align*}
We have $\Delta^*=1$, achieved with $L=2$, $\lambda_{123}=1, \lambda_{12}=\lambda_{13}=\lambda_{23}=\lambda=0$, ${\bf S}=(A_1+A_2+B_2,A_1+B_1+B_2)$.
\end{example}
Appendix \ref{app:field_extension} shows that $\Delta^*=1$ is not achievable with scalar coding, i.e., neither scalar linear nor scalar non-linear coding scheme can achieve $\Delta/L=1$ for $L=1$ computation for this example. However, $\Delta^* = 1$ and can be achieved for $L=2$ computations. In this case, because $\lambda_{123}=1$, we would like to broadcast one dimension. In the scalar code setting $L=1$, this one dimension can be found for each pair of users but it cannot be the same for the three users simultaneously. To see this, note that $A+B$ helps User $1$ and User $2$ but not User $3$; $B$ helps User $1$ and User $3$ but not User $2$; $A$ helps User $2$ and User $3$ but not User $1$. Aside from the time-sharing type vector coding solution shown for Example \ref{ex:2x_efficiency}, another approach is to consider $L>1$ (which implies a vector code) and use a scalar code in a larger extended field ${\Bbb F}_{2^z}$ (in general ${\Bbb F}_{q^z}$). For this example, with $L=2$, we can use a scalar code over $\mathbb{F}_4=\mathbb{F}_2[x]/(x^2+x+1)$. Representing $A=A_1+A_2x\in\mathbb{F}_4$,
|
[
29892,
1584,
2466,
278,
1014,
3493,
779,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29941,
1042,
756,
697,
9927,
393,
1122,
4368,
278,
15130,
304,
21699,
15523,
4160,
395,
29896,
29938,
322,
395,
29941,
1628,
445,
9927,
5930,
304,
367,
2307,
3625,
304,
4911,
395,
29896,
1504,
6549,
29892,
2501,
5622,
964,
3633,
4911,
395,
29896,
29938,
29915,
29879,
2625,
29899,
19678,
29892,
727,
338,
694,
1316,
15130,
29889,
1334,
1095,
701,
411,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
8738,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
8738,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
8738,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
5369,
29900,
1628,
322,
779,
2892,
29922,
29896,
1504,
4451,
310,
278,
395,
29941,
29938,
13391,
29892,
1827,
395,
29909,
29974,
29933,
29892,
350,
29974,
29907,
29892,
315,
29974,
29909,
1628,
738,
1023,
7709,
278,
4654,
491,
22792,
362,
313,
957,
779,
1995,
29912,
29943,
2403,
29906,
25942,
322,
372,
9378,
1575,
304,
3638,
738,
395,
29906,
29938,
304,
15523,
599,
395,
29941,
29938,
4160,
29889,
16393,
278,
817,
304,
6837,
701,
278,
13391,
29892,
5929,
12818,
304,
12849,
13391,
313,
29764,
304,
4036,
14137,
6273,
29897,
674,
367,
263,
1820,
2969,
304,
2693,
278,
2498,
27012,
519,
11380,
29889,
13,
13,
13,
2887,
11682,
29892,
8741,
320,
999,
29912,
735,
29901,
29906,
29916,
29918,
29872,
2416,
13396,
29913,
1304,
4608,
14137,
2427,
29931,
29958,
29896,
1262,
304,
6176,
278,
14413,
5142,
3438,
779,
5268,
6622,
29922,
29896,
29889,
29945,
1504,
16510,
14137,
1122,
367,
18719,
5181,
1584,
297,
4251,
988,
278,
14413,
5142,
3438,
779,
5268,
6622,
29938,
338,
385,
6043,
995,
29892,
408,
26848,
491,
278,
2446,
1342,
29889,
450,
24316,
310,
4608,
14137,
363,
278,
395,
29941,
29938,
1404,
365,
29907,
5371,
338,
22567,
1363,
17336,
14137,
471,
1476,
304,
367,
8002,
363,
278,
29871,
29906,
1404,
365,
29907,
5371,
297,
320,
2036,
29912,
29903,
348,
29918,
29967,
2142,
279,
29918,
29907,
5371,
7690,
13,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
4773,
4400,
3073,
2159,
6081,
29962,
320,
1643,
29912,
735,
29901,
2671,
29918,
1062,
29913,
10056,
395,
29881,
29922,
29906,
29938,
22112,
848,
7555,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
7607,
29909,
29892,
29933,
1262,
975,
779,
1995,
29912,
29943,
2403,
29906,
1628,
322,
2427,
29898,
29909,
29905,
5211,
350,
511,
313,
29933,
29905,
5211,
319,
29974,
29933,
21336,
29909,
29974,
29933,
29905,
5211,
319,
876,
1504,
29871,
13,
29909,
7182,
2913,
26227,
408,
297,
11479,
320,
999,
29912,
1003,
29901,
854,
29876,
29896,
29913,
29871,
17498,
29892,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
4044,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2378,
24525,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
1012,
7760,
13,
29905,
29890,
29933,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
15704,
320,
29890,
29933,
648,
29896,
29906,
2844,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29985,
29883,
15704,
320,
29890,
29933,
648,
29896,
29941,
2844,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29985,
29883,
15704,
320,
29890,
29933,
648,
29906,
29941,
2844,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29985,
29883,
29913,
11035,
29890,
29933,
648,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29892,
29941,
29897,
14810,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29896,
29941,
4887,
29883,
29913,
11035,
29890,
29933,
648,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29941,
29897,
14810,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29906,
29941,
4887,
29883,
29913,
11035,
29890,
29933,
648,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29897,
14810,
29896,
29941,
29892,
29906,
29941,
4887,
29883,
29913,
11035,
29890,
29933,
648,
29896,
29883,
29913,
11035,
29890,
29933,
648,
29906,
29883,
29913,
11035,
29890,
29933,
648,
29941,
29883,
1012,
1966,
7760,
13,
29909,
29892,
29933,
29987,
448,
669,
448,
669,
448,
669,
448,
669,
448,
669,
448,
669,
448,
669,
448,
669,
448,
1966,
29905,
7760,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2378,
29913,
12,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
4044,
13,
4806,
505,
779,
5268,
6622,
29922,
29896,
1628,
14363,
411,
395,
29931,
29922,
29906,
1628,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
5369,
29896,
29892,
320,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
8738,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
8738,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
8738,
2892,
29922,
29900,
1628,
7555,
1635,
317,
5369,
29898,
29909,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29909,
29918,
29906,
29974,
29933,
29918,
29906,
29892,
29909,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29933,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29933,
29918,
29906,
4935,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
4773,
29913,
13,
18277,
861,
320,
999,
29912,
932,
29901,
2671,
29918,
17588,
29913,
3697,
393,
779,
5268,
6622,
29922,
29896,
29938,
338,
451,
27012,
519,
411,
17336,
14137,
29892,
474,
29889,
29872,
1696,
9561,
17336,
5608,
3643,
17336,
1661,
29899,
10660,
29871,
14137,
11380,
508,
6176,
779,
5268,
29914,
29931,
29922,
29896,
29938,
363,
395,
29931,
29922,
29896,
29938,
16287,
363,
445,
1342,
29889,
2398,
29892,
779,
5268,
6622,
353,
29871,
29896,
29938,
322,
508,
367,
14363,
363,
395,
29931,
29922,
29906,
29938,
2912,
800,
29889,
512,
445,
1206,
29892,
1363,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
5369,
29896,
1628,
29871,
591,
723,
763,
304,
12672,
697,
9927,
29889,
512,
278,
17336,
775,
4444,
395,
29931,
29922,
29896,
1628,
445,
697,
9927,
508,
367,
1476,
363,
1269,
5101,
29871,
310,
4160,
541,
372,
2609,
367,
278,
1021,
363,
278,
2211,
4160,
21699,
29889,
1763,
1074,
445,
29892,
4443,
393,
395,
29909,
29974,
29933,
29938,
6911,
4911,
395,
29896,
29938,
322,
4911,
395,
29906,
29938,
541,
451,
4911,
395,
29941,
22073,
395,
29933,
29938,
6911,
4911,
395,
29896,
29938,
322,
4911,
395,
29941,
29938,
541,
451,
4911,
395,
29906,
22073,
395,
29909,
29938,
6911,
4911,
395,
29906,
29938,
322,
4911,
395,
29941,
29938,
541,
451,
4911,
395,
29896,
1504,
1094,
680,
515,
278,
931,
29899,
845,
4362,
1134,
4608,
14137,
1650,
4318,
363,
29871,
8741,
320,
999,
29912,
735,
29901,
29906,
29916,
29918,
29872,
2416,
13396,
1118,
1790,
2948,
338,
304,
2050,
395,
29931,
29958,
29896,
29938,
313,
4716,
10469,
263,
4608,
775,
29897,
322,
671,
263,
17336,
775,
297,
263,
7200,
10410,
1746,
7555,
15165,
383,
3227,
29906,
29985,
29920,
1042,
313,
262,
2498,
7555,
15165,
383,
3227,
29939,
29985,
29920,
1042,
467,
1152,
445,
1342,
29892,
411,
395,
29931,
29922,
29906,
1628,
591,
508,
671,
263,
17336,
775,
975,
779,
1995,
29912,
29943,
2403,
29946,
2013,
1995,
29912,
29943,
2403,
29906,
29961,
29916,
29962,
14571,
29916,
29985,
29906,
29974,
29916,
29974,
29896,
4935,
16314,
292,
395,
29909,
29922,
29909,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29909,
29918,
29906,
29916,
29905,
262,
29905,
1995,
29912,
29943,
2403,
29946,
1628
] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| -0.620774 | 1.573559 | -0.836645 | -0.157097 |
$B=B_1+B_2x\in\mathbb{F}_4$, the transmitted symbol is simply $(1+x)A+xB \mod (x^2+x+1)= (A_1+A_2+B_2)+x(A_2+B_1+B_2)$ which corresponds to the transmitted symbol ${\bf S}=(A_1+A_2+B_2,A_1+B_1+B_2)$. Additional discussion can be found in Appendix \ref{app:field_extension} as well. Indeed, field extensions are a key element of the general achievable scheme.
\begin{example}[Inseparability] \label{ex:trade_off}
Consider $d=5$ dimensional data ${\bf X}^T=(A,B,C,D,E)$ over $\mathbb{F}_3$, and $((A\rightarrow [B+C,D]), (B\rightarrow [A+C,E]),([C,D+E]\rightarrow A+2B))$. A signal space decomposition as in Figure \ref{fig:venn1} yields,
\begin{align*}
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline
\bB_{123}& \bB_{12}^{123^c}& \bB_{13}^{123^c}& \bB_{23}^{123^c}&\bB_{1(2,3)}^{(12,13)^c}&\bB_{2(1,3)}^{(12,23)^c}&\bB_{3(1,2)}^{(13,23)^c}&\bB_{1c}&\bB_{2c}&\bB_{3c}\\\hline
-& A+B+C & A+2B+2C & A+2B+C & D & E & D+E & - & - & -\\\hline
\end{array}
\end{align*}
We have $\Delta^*=3$, achieved with $L=1$, $\lambda_{123}=\lambda_{13}=\lambda_{23}=0, \lambda_{12}=\lambda=1$, by broadcasting ${\bf S}=(A+B+C, A+D, 2B+E)$.
\end{example}
Note that this problem combines Example \ref{ex:2x_efficiency} for data $(A,B,C)$ and another LCBC instance with data $(D,E)$ where User $1$ wants $D$, User 2 wants $E$ and User 3 knows $D+E$. Separately, these problems have download costs of $1.5$ and $2$, respectively. Since the two problems deal with independent data, one might expect the solution to be separable, however a separate solution would have a total broadcast cost of $1.5+2=3.5$. The optimal $\Delta^*=3$, which is better than $3.5$, thus showing that even though an LCBC problem may be a composition of instances with separate datasets, in general a separate solution would be suboptimal. This observation also underscores why the tradeoffs in LCBC, that we see represented in the linear program, are non-trivial.
\section{Theorem \ref{thm:main}: Proof of Converse} \label{sec: Converse}
The converse is comprised of the two bounds, $\Delta^*\geq \Delta_1$, and $\Delta^*\geq \Delta_2$. The first bound, $\Delta^*\geq \Delta_1$ is a straightforward generalization of the corresponding bound for the $2$ user LCBC found in \cite{Sun_Jafar_CBC} to the 3 user setting, and requires only the entropic structure of the problem. The second bound, $\Delta^*\geq \Delta_2$ is novel as it cannot be obtained from the entropic structure alone, and requires functional submodularity instead. For the sake of completeness in this section we present the proof of both bounds. Let us begin by recalling the functional submodularity property.
\begin{lemma}[Functional submodularity of Shannon entropy \cite{Kontoyiannis_Madiman}]\label{lemma:madiman} If $X_0=F(X_1)=G(X_2)$ and $X_{12}=R(X_1,X_
|
[
395,
29933,
29922,
29933,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29933,
29918,
29906,
29916,
29905,
262,
29905,
1995,
29912,
29943,
2403,
29946,
1628,
278,
18750,
4430,
5829,
338,
3763,
2427,
29896,
29974,
29916,
29897,
29909,
29974,
29916,
29933,
320,
1545,
313,
29916,
29985,
29906,
29974,
29916,
29974,
29896,
3892,
313,
29909,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29909,
29918,
29906,
29974,
29933,
29918,
29906,
7240,
29916,
29898,
29909,
29918,
29906,
29974,
29933,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29933,
29918,
29906,
1262,
607,
16161,
304,
278,
18750,
4430,
5829,
7555,
1635,
317,
5369,
29898,
29909,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29909,
29918,
29906,
29974,
29933,
29918,
29906,
29892,
29909,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29933,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29933,
29918,
29906,
4935,
3462,
3245,
10679,
508,
367,
1476,
297,
22871,
861,
320,
999,
29912,
932,
29901,
2671,
29918,
17588,
29913,
408,
1532,
29889,
14598,
29892,
1746,
17752,
526,
263,
1820,
1543,
310,
278,
2498,
27012,
519,
11380,
29889,
13,
29871,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
4773,
4400,
797,
25048,
3097,
29962,
320,
1643,
29912,
735,
29901,
3018,
311,
29918,
2696,
29913,
13,
12,
13696,
1241,
395,
29881,
29922,
29945,
29938,
22112,
848,
7555,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
7607,
29909,
29892,
29933,
29892,
29907,
29892,
29928,
29892,
29923,
1262,
975,
779,
1995,
29912,
29943,
2403,
29941,
1628,
322,
2427,
29898,
29909,
29905,
5211,
518,
29933,
29974,
29907,
29892,
29928,
11724,
313,
29933,
29905,
5211,
518,
29909,
29974,
29907,
29892,
29923,
11724,
4197,
29907,
29892,
29928,
29974,
29923,
10725,
5211,
319,
29974,
29906,
29933,
876,
1504,
319,
7182,
2913,
26227,
408,
297,
11479,
320,
999,
29912,
1003,
29901,
854,
29876,
29896,
29913,
29871,
17498,
29892,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
4044,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2378,
24525,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
29883,
29989,
1012,
7760,
13,
29905,
29890,
29933,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
15704,
320,
29890,
29933,
648,
29896,
29906,
2844,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29985,
29883,
15704,
320,
29890,
29933,
648,
29896,
29941,
2844,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29985,
29883,
15704,
320,
29890,
29933,
648,
29906,
29941,
2844,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29985,
29883,
29913,
11035,
29890,
29933,
648,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29892,
29941,
29897,
14810,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29896,
29941,
4887,
29883,
29913,
11035,
29890,
29933,
648,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29941,
29897,
14810,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29906,
29941,
4887,
29883,
29913,
11035,
29890,
29933,
648,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29897,
14810,
29896,
29941,
29892,
29906,
29941,
4887,
29883,
29913,
11035,
29890,
29933,
648,
29896,
29883,
29913,
11035,
29890,
29933,
648,
29906,
29883,
29913,
11035,
29890,
29933,
648,
29941,
29883,
1012,
1966,
7760,
13,
29899,
29987,
319,
29974,
29933,
29974,
29907,
669,
319,
29974,
29906,
29933,
29974,
29906,
29907,
669,
319,
29974,
29906,
29933,
29974,
29907,
669,
360,
669,
382,
669,
360,
29974,
29923,
669,
448,
669,
448,
669,
448,
1966,
29905,
7760,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2378,
29913,
12,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
4044,
13,
12,
4806,
505,
779,
5268,
6622,
29922,
29941,
1628,
14363,
411,
395,
29931,
29922,
29896,
1628,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
8738,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
8738,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
5369,
29900,
29892,
320,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
8738,
2892,
29922,
29896,
1628,
491,
12672,
292,
7555,
1635,
317,
5369,
29898,
29909,
29974,
29933,
29974,
29907,
29892,
319,
29974,
29928,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29933,
29974,
29923,
4935,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
4773,
29913,
13,
9842,
393,
445,
1108,
4145,
1475,
8741,
320,
999,
29912,
735,
29901,
29906,
29916,
29918,
29872,
2416,
13396,
29913,
363,
848,
2427,
29909,
29892,
29933,
29892,
29907,
1262,
322,
1790,
365,
29907,
5371,
2777,
411,
848,
2427,
29928,
29892,
29923,
1262,
988,
4911,
395,
29896,
29938,
10753,
395,
29928,
1628,
4911,
29871,
29906,
10753,
395,
29923,
29938,
322,
4911,
29871,
29941,
9906,
395,
29928,
29974,
29923,
1504,
922,
862,
2486,
29892,
1438,
4828,
505,
5142,
21544,
310,
395,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29938,
322,
395,
29906,
1628,
8307,
29889,
4001,
278,
1023,
4828,
5376,
411,
7417,
848,
29892,
697,
1795,
2149,
278,
1650,
304,
367,
2903,
519,
29892,
3138,
263,
5004,
1650,
723,
505,
263,
3001,
12672,
3438,
310,
395,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29974,
29906,
29922,
29941,
29889,
29945,
1504,
450,
14413,
779,
5268,
6622,
29922,
29941,
1628,
607,
338,
2253,
1135,
395,
29941,
29889,
29945,
1628,
4550,
6445,
393,
1584,
2466,
385,
365,
29907,
5371,
1108,
1122,
367,
263,
15259,
310,
8871,
411,
5004,
20035,
29892,
297,
2498,
263,
5004,
1650,
723,
367,
1014,
3670,
3039,
29889,
910,
15500,
884,
23400,
29883,
2361,
2020,
278,
11302,
22450,
297,
365,
29907,
5371,
29892,
393,
591,
1074,
9875,
297,
278,
5608,
1824,
29892,
526,
1661,
29899,
29873,
9473,
29889,
13,
13,
13,
29905,
2042,
29912,
28831,
320,
999,
29912,
12743,
29901,
3396,
6177,
18319,
310,
1281,
3901,
29913,
320,
1643,
29912,
3471,
29901,
1281,
3901,
29913,
13,
1576,
378,
3901,
338,
7199,
3368,
310,
278,
1023,
13451,
29892,
779,
5268,
6622,
29905,
6279,
320,
5268,
29918,
29896,
1628,
322,
779,
5268,
6622,
29905,
6279,
320,
5268,
29918,
29906,
1504,
450,
937,
3216,
29892,
779,
5268,
6622,
29905,
6279,
320,
5268,
29918,
29896,
29938,
338,
263,
20837,
2498,
2133,
310,
278,
6590,
3216,
363,
278,
395,
29906,
29938,
1404,
365,
29907,
5371,
1476,
297,
320,
2036,
29912,
29903,
348,
29918,
29967,
2142,
279,
29918,
29907,
5371,
29913,
304,
278,
29871,
29941,
1404,
4444,
29892,
322,
6858,
871,
278,
875,
1336,
293,
3829,
310,
278,
1108,
29889,
450,
1473,
3216,
29892,
779,
5268,
6622,
29905,
6279,
320,
5268,
29918,
29906,
29938,
338,
9554,
408,
372,
2609,
367,
7625,
515,
278,
875,
1336,
293,
3829,
7432,
29892,
322,
6858,
13303,
1014,
1545,
1070,
537,
29871,
2012,
29889,
1152,
278,
16563,
310,
1614,
841,
404,
297,
445,
4004,
591,
2198,
278,
5296,
310,
1716,
13451,
29889,
2803,
502,
3380,
491,
17386,
292,
278,
13303,
1014,
1545,
1070,
537,
2875,
29889,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
13846,
4400,
6678,
284,
1014,
1545,
1070,
537,
310,
1383,
23453,
24687,
320,
2036,
29912,
29968,
10268,
29891,
713,
6994,
29918,
21878,
25895,
6525,
29905,
1643,
29912,
13846,
29901,
19581,
25895,
29913,
960,
395,
29990,
29918,
29900,
29922,
29943,
29898,
29990,
29918,
29896,
3892,
29954,
29898,
29990,
29918,
29906,
1262,
322,
395,
29990,
648,
29896,
29906,
5369,
29934,
29898,
29990,
29918,
29896,
29892,
29990,
29918
] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| -0.244801 | 1.85388 | -0.770072 | 0.362767 |
2)$, then:
\begin{align}
H(X_{12})+H(X_0)&\leq H(X_1)+H(X_2)
\end{align}
\end{lemma}
As an immediate corollary, let us note the following form in which we will apply the functional submodularity.
\begin{corollary} \label{cor:submod}
For arbitrary matrices ${\bf M}_1\in\mathbb{F}_q^{d\times \mu_1}, {\bf M}_2\in\mathbb{F}_q^{d\times \mu_2}$, any random vector ${\bf X}\in\mathbb{F}_q^{d\times L}$, and any random variable ${\bf Z}$,
\begin{align}
H({\bf Z}, {\bf X}^T{\bf M}_1)+H({\bf Z}, {\bf X}^T{\bf M}_2)&\geq H({\bf Z}, {\bf X}^T[{\bf M}_{1}\cap {\bf M}_2])+H({\bf Z}, {\bf X}^T[{\bf M}_1, {\bf M}_2])
\end{align}
\end{corollary}
\proof The corollary follows from Lemma \ref{lemma:madiman} by setting $X_1=({\bf Z},{\bf X}^T{\bf M}_1)$, $X_2=({\bf Z}, {\bf X}^T{\bf M}_2)$, and noting that $X_0=({\bf Z}, {\bf X}^T[{\bf M}_1\cap{\bf M}_2])$ can be obtained as a function of both $X_1$ and $X_2$ individually, while $X_{12}=({\bf Z}, {\bf X}^T[{\bf M}_1, {\bf M}_2])$ is a function of $(X_1, X_2)$.
$\hfill\square$
\subsection{Proof of the bound: $\Delta^*\geq \Delta_1$}
As noted, the proof of this bound is straightforward. It follows along the same lines as the proof for the $2$ user LCBC in \cite{Sun_Jafar_CBC} and is provided here for the sake of completeness. In particular, it does not require functional submodularity, i.e., entropic structure of the problem is enough for this bound. Recall that for the converse we assume without loss of generality that the data ${\bf X}$ is i.i.d. uniform.
\begin{align}
&\Delta=\log_q(|\mathcal{S}|)\geq H({\bf S})\geq H({\bf S}\mid {\bf W}_1')=H({\bf S},{\bf W}_1\mid {\bf W}_1')\label{eq:usedec11}\\
&\geq H({\bf W}_1\mid {\bf W}_1')+H({\bf S}\mid {\bf W}_1^*, {\bf W}_2')
\label{eq:usecond11}\\
&={\color{black}H({\bf W}_1^*)-H({\bf W}_1')}+H({\bf S}\mid {\bf W}_1^*,{\bf W}_2')\label{eq:usecond12}\\
&=L\underbrace{(\rk({\bf U}_1)-\rk({\bf V}_1'))}_{T_1}+H({\bf S}\mid {\bf W}_1^*,{\bf W}_2')\\
&=LT_1+H({\bf S},{\bf W}_2\mid {\bf W}_1^*, {\bf W}_2')\label{eq:usedec12}\\
&= LT_1+H({\bf W}_2\mid {\bf W}_1^*, {\bf W}_2')+H({\bf S}\mid {\bf W}_1^*,{\bf W}_2^*)\\
&= LT_1+H({\bf W}_1^*, {\bf W}_2^*)-H({\bf W}_1^*,{\bf W}_2')+H({\bf S}\mid {\bf W}_1^*,{\bf W}_2^*)\notag\\
&= LT_1+L\underbrace{(\rk([{\bf U}_1, {\bf U}_2])-\rk([{\bf U}_1, {\bf V}_2']))}_{T_2}+H({\bf S}\mid {\bf W}_1^*,{\bf W}_2^*)\notag\\
&\geq LT_1+LT_2+H({\bf S
|
[
29906,
5767,
769,
29901,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
29950,
29898,
29990,
648,
29896,
29906,
1800,
29974,
29950,
29898,
29990,
29918,
29900,
29897,
11035,
3797,
379,
29898,
29990,
29918,
29896,
7240,
29950,
29898,
29990,
29918,
29906,
29897,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
13846,
29913,
13,
2887,
385,
16800,
1034,
21982,
29892,
1235,
502,
4443,
278,
1494,
883,
297,
607,
591,
674,
3394,
278,
13303,
1014,
1545,
1070,
537,
29889,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2616,
21982,
29913,
320,
1643,
29912,
2616,
29901,
1491,
1545,
29913,
13,
1152,
11472,
13516,
7555,
1635,
341,
2403,
29896,
29905,
262,
29905,
1995,
29912,
29943,
2403,
29939,
998,
29881,
29905,
3706,
320,
2589,
29918,
29896,
1118,
2802,
1635,
341,
2403,
29906,
29905,
262,
29905,
1995,
29912,
29943,
2403,
29939,
998,
29881,
29905,
3706,
320,
2589,
29918,
29906,
4429,
738,
4036,
4608,
7555,
1635,
1060,
1012,
262,
29905,
1995,
29912,
29943,
2403,
29939,
998,
29881,
29905,
3706,
365,
4429,
322,
738,
4036,
2286,
7555,
1635,
796,
4429,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
29950,
13670,
1635,
796,
1118,
2802,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
741,
1635,
341,
2403,
29896,
7240,
29950,
13670,
1635,
796,
1118,
2802,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
741,
1635,
341,
2403,
29906,
29897,
11035,
6279,
379,
13670,
1635,
796,
1118,
2802,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
29961,
741,
1635,
341,
3227,
29896,
1012,
5030,
2802,
1635,
341,
2403,
29906,
2314,
29974,
29950,
13670,
1635,
796,
1118,
2802,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
29961,
741,
1635,
341,
2403,
29896,
29892,
2802,
1635,
341,
2403,
29906,
2314,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2616,
21982,
29913,
13,
29905,
8017,
450,
1034,
21982,
4477,
515,
11894,
320,
999,
29912,
13846,
29901,
19581,
25895,
29913,
491,
4444,
395,
29990,
29918,
29896,
7607,
741,
1635,
796,
1118,
741,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
741,
1635,
341,
2403,
29896,
5767,
395,
29990,
29918,
29906,
7607,
741,
1635,
796,
1118,
2802,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
741,
1635,
341,
2403,
29906,
5767,
322,
451,
292,
393,
395,
29990,
29918,
29900,
7607,
741,
1635,
796,
1118,
2802,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
29961,
741,
1635,
341,
2403,
29896,
29905,
5030,
741,
1635,
341,
2403,
29906,
29962,
1262,
508,
367,
7625,
408,
263,
740,
310,
1716,
395,
29990,
29918,
29896,
29938,
322,
395,
29990,
29918,
29906,
29938,
29689,
29892,
1550,
395,
29990,
648,
29896,
29906,
5369,
13670,
1635,
796,
1118,
2802,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
29961,
741,
1635,
341,
2403,
29896,
29892,
2802,
1635,
341,
2403,
29906,
29962,
1262,
338,
263,
740,
310,
2427,
29990,
29918,
29896,
29892,
1060,
29918,
29906,
4935,
13,
4535,
29882,
5589,
29905,
17619,
29938,
13,
13,
29905,
7235,
29912,
28116,
310,
278,
3216,
29901,
779,
5268,
6622,
29905,
6279,
320,
5268,
29918,
29896,
17133,
13,
2887,
11682,
29892,
278,
5296,
310,
445,
3216,
338,
20837,
29889,
739,
4477,
3412,
278,
1021,
3454,
408,
278,
5296,
363,
278,
395,
29906,
29938,
1404,
365,
29907,
5371,
297,
320,
2036,
29912,
29903,
348,
29918,
29967,
2142,
279,
29918,
29907,
5371,
29913,
322,
338,
4944,
1244,
363,
278,
16563,
310,
1614,
841,
404,
29889,
512,
3153,
29892,
372,
947,
451,
1996,
13303,
1014,
1545,
1070,
537,
29892,
474,
29889,
29872,
1696,
875,
1336,
293,
3829,
310,
278,
1108,
338,
3307,
363,
445,
3216,
29889,
3599,
497,
393,
363,
278,
378,
3901,
29871,
591,
5251,
1728,
6410,
310,
2498,
537,
393,
278,
848,
7555,
1635,
1060,
1042,
338,
474,
29889,
29875,
29889,
29881,
29889,
9090,
29889,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
11035,
5268,
2013,
1188,
29918,
29939,
29898,
4295,
1942,
29912,
29903,
11079,
2144,
6279,
379,
13670,
1635,
317,
11606,
6279,
379,
13670,
1635,
317,
1012,
6563,
2802,
1635,
399,
2403,
29896,
1495,
29922,
29950,
13670,
1635,
317,
1118,
741,
1635,
399,
2403,
29896,
29905,
6563,
2802,
1635,
399,
2403,
29896,
1495,
29905,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
3880,
687,
29896,
29896,
9952,
13,
11035,
6279,
379,
13670,
1635,
399,
2403,
29896,
29905,
6563,
2802,
1635,
399,
2403,
29896,
1495,
29974,
29950,
13670,
1635,
317,
1012,
6563,
2802,
1635,
399,
2403,
29896,
6622,
29892,
2802,
1635,
399,
2403,
29906,
1495,
13,
29905,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
1509,
1116,
29896,
29896,
9952,
13,
20644,
741,
2780,
29912,
8517,
29913,
29950,
13670,
1635,
399,
2403,
29896,
6622,
6817,
29950,
13670,
1635,
399,
2403,
29896,
1495,
7517,
29950,
13670,
1635,
317,
1012,
6563,
2802,
1635,
399,
2403,
29896,
6622,
29892,
741,
1635,
399,
2403,
29906,
1495,
29905,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
1509,
1116,
29896,
29906,
9952,
13,
20644,
29931,
29905,
5062,
13842,
29912,
1194,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
23019,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
478,
2403,
29896,
8785,
3227,
29911,
29918,
29896,
7517,
29950,
13670,
1635,
317,
1012,
6563,
2802,
1635,
399,
2403,
29896,
6622,
29892,
741,
1635,
399,
2403,
29906,
1495,
1966,
13,
20644,
5850,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29950,
13670,
1635,
317,
1118,
741,
1635,
399,
2403,
29906,
29905,
6563,
2802,
1635,
399,
2403,
29896,
6622,
29892,
2802,
1635,
399,
2403,
29906,
1495,
29905,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
3880,
687,
29896,
29906,
9952,
13,
20644,
365,
29911,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29950,
13670,
1635,
399,
2403,
29906,
29905,
6563,
2802,
1635,
399,
2403,
29896,
6622,
29892,
2802,
1635,
399,
2403,
29906,
1495,
29974,
29950,
13670,
1635,
317,
1012,
6563,
2802,
1635,
399,
2403,
29896,
6622,
29892,
741,
1635,
399,
2403,
29906,
6622,
18775,
13,
20644,
365,
29911,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29950,
13670,
1635,
399,
2403,
29896,
6622,
29892,
2802,
1635,
399,
2403,
29906,
6622,
6817,
29950,
13670,
1635,
399,
2403,
29896,
6622,
29892,
741,
1635,
399,
2403,
29906,
1495,
29974,
29950,
13670,
1635,
317,
1012,
6563,
2802,
1635,
399,
2403,
29896,
6622,
29892,
741,
1635,
399,
2403,
29906,
6622,
2144,
1333,
351,
1966,
13,
20644,
365,
29911,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29931,
29905,
5062,
13842,
29912,
1194,
29878,
29895,
4197,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
29892,
2802,
1635,
501,
2403,
29906,
2314,
2612,
29878,
29895,
4197,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
29892,
2802,
1635,
478,
2403,
29906,
25901,
3227,
29911,
29918,
29906,
7517,
29950,
13670,
1635,
317,
1012,
6563,
2802,
1635,
399,
2403,
29896,
6622,
29892,
741,
1635,
399,
2403,
29906,
6622,
2144,
1333,
351,
1966,
13,
11035,
6279,
365,
29911,
29918,
29896,
29974,
5850,
29918,
29906,
29974,
29950,
13670,
1635,
317
] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| -0.092242 | 1.916174 | -1.031882 | 0.426011 |
}\mid {\bf W}_1^*,{\bf W}_2^*, {\bf W}_3')\\
&=LT_1+LT_2 +H({\bf S},{\bf W}_3\mid {\bf W}_1^*,{\bf W}_2^*, {\bf W}_3')\label{eq:usedec13}\\
&\geq LT_1+LT_2+H({\bf W}_3\mid {\bf W}_1^*, {\bf W}_2^*, {\bf W}_3')\\
&=LT_1+LT_2+H({\bf W}_1^*, {\bf W}_2^*, {\bf W}_3^*)-H({\bf W}_1^*, {\bf W}_2^*, {\bf W}_3')\\
&=LT_1+LT_2+L\underbrace{(\rk([{\bf U}_1,{\bf U}_2,{\bf U}_3])-\rk([{\bf U}_1, {\bf U}_2,{\bf V}_3']))}_{T_3}\notag\\
&=L(T_1+T_2+T_3)\\
& \implies \Delta/L \geq T_1+T_2+T_3
\end{align}
\noindent Step \eqref{eq:usedec11} uses the decoder definition \eqref{eq:dec}, i.e., ${\bf W}_k$ is a function of ${\bf S}, {\bf W}_k'$. Steps \eqref{eq:usecond11}, \eqref{eq:usecond12} use the chain rule of entropy and the fact that conditioning reduces entropy. Recall that ${\bf W}_1^*=({\bf W}_1,{\bf W}_1')$. Similar steps are iteratively applied, e.g., steps \eqref{eq:usedec12}, \eqref{eq:usedec13} use the decoder definition again. Next we note that,
\begin{align}
T_1 &= \rk(\bU_1) - \rk(\bV_1') \\
& = \rk(\bV_1|\bV_1'),
\end{align}
\begin{align}
T_2 &= \rk([{\bf U}_1, {\bf U}_2])-\rk([{\bf U}_1, {\bf V}_2']) \notag \\
&= \rk({\bf U}_1) + \rk({\bf U}_2) - \rk({\bf U}_{12}) - [\rk({\bf U}_1)+\rk({\bf V}_2')-\rk({\bf U}_1 \cap {\bf V}_2')] \\
&= \rk({\bf U}_1) + \rk({\bf U}_2) - \rk({\bf U}_{12}) - [\rk({\bf U}_1)+\rk({\bf V}_2')-\rk({\bf U}_1\cap {\bf U}_2 \cap {\bf V}_2')] \\
&= \rk({\bf U}_2) - [\rk({\bf U}_{12}) + \rk({\bf V}_2')-\rk({\bf U}_{12} \cap {\bf V}_2')] \\
& = \rk({\bf U}_2) - \rk([{\bf V}_2',{\bf U}_{12}]) \\
& = \rk({\bf U}_2) - \rk(\bV_2')-[\rk([{\bf V}_2',{\bf U}_{12}])- \rk(\bV_2')]\\
& = \rk(\bV_2|\bV_2')-\rk(\bU_{12}|\bV_2')
\end{align}
and
\begin{align}
T_3 &= \rk([{\bf U}_1, {\bf U}_2,{\bf U}_3])-\rk([{\bf U}_1, {\bf U}_2, {\bf V}_3']) \notag \\
&= \rk([{\bf U}_1,{\bf U}_2]) + \rk({\bf U}_3) - \rk({\bf U}_{3(1,2)}) - [\rk([{\bf U}_1,{\bf U}_2])+\rk({\bf V}_3')-\rk([{\bf U}_1,{\bf U}_2] \cap {\bf V}_3')] \\
|
[
1012,
6563,
2802,
1635,
399,
2403,
29896,
6622,
29892,
741,
1635,
399,
2403,
29906,
6622,
29892,
2802,
1635,
399,
2403,
29941,
1495,
1966,
13,
20644,
5850,
29918,
29896,
29974,
5850,
29918,
29906,
718,
29950,
13670,
1635,
317,
1118,
741,
1635,
399,
2403,
29941,
29905,
6563,
2802,
1635,
399,
2403,
29896,
6622,
29892,
741,
1635,
399,
2403,
29906,
6622,
29892,
2802,
1635,
399,
2403,
29941,
1495,
29905,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
3880,
687,
29896,
29941,
9952,
13,
11035,
6279,
365,
29911,
29918,
29896,
29974,
5850,
29918,
29906,
29974,
29950,
13670,
1635,
399,
2403,
29941,
29905,
6563,
2802,
1635,
399,
2403,
29896,
6622,
29892,
2802,
1635,
399,
2403,
29906,
6622,
29892,
2802,
1635,
399,
2403,
29941,
1495,
1966,
13,
20644,
5850,
29918,
29896,
29974,
5850,
29918,
29906,
29974,
29950,
13670,
1635,
399,
2403,
29896,
6622,
29892,
2802,
1635,
399,
2403,
29906,
6622,
29892,
2802,
1635,
399,
2403,
29941,
6622,
6817,
29950,
13670,
1635,
399,
2403,
29896,
6622,
29892,
2802,
1635,
399,
2403,
29906,
6622,
29892,
2802,
1635,
399,
2403,
29941,
1495,
1966,
13,
20644,
5850,
29918,
29896,
29974,
5850,
29918,
29906,
29974,
29931,
29905,
5062,
13842,
29912,
1194,
29878,
29895,
4197,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
29892,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29906,
29892,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29941,
2314,
2612,
29878,
29895,
4197,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
29892,
2802,
1635,
501,
2403,
29906,
29892,
741,
1635,
478,
2403,
29941,
25901,
3227,
29911,
29918,
29941,
1012,
1333,
351,
1966,
13,
20644,
29931,
29898,
29911,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29911,
29918,
29906,
29974,
29911,
29918,
29941,
18775,
13,
29987,
320,
21304,
320,
5268,
29914,
29931,
320,
6279,
323,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29911,
29918,
29906,
29974,
29911,
29918,
29941,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
29905,
17695,
16696,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
3880,
687,
29896,
29896,
29913,
3913,
278,
1602,
6119,
5023,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
7099,
1118,
474,
29889,
29872,
1696,
7555,
1635,
399,
2403,
29895,
29938,
338,
263,
740,
310,
7555,
1635,
317,
1118,
2802,
1635,
399,
2403,
29895,
29915,
1504,
2443,
567,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
1509,
1116,
29896,
29896,
1118,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
1509,
1116,
29896,
29906,
29913,
671,
278,
9704,
5751,
310,
24687,
322,
278,
2114,
393,
4195,
292,
26830,
24687,
29889,
3599,
497,
393,
7555,
1635,
399,
2403,
29896,
6622,
7607,
741,
1635,
399,
2403,
29896,
29892,
741,
1635,
399,
2403,
29896,
29915,
4935,
13999,
6576,
526,
4256,
6703,
7436,
29892,
321,
29889,
29887,
1696,
6576,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
3880,
687,
29896,
29906,
1118,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
3880,
687,
29896,
29941,
29913,
671,
278,
1602,
6119,
5023,
1449,
29889,
8084,
591,
4443,
393,
29892,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
12,
29911,
29918,
29896,
7878,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29896,
29897,
448,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
1495,
2474,
13,
12,
29987,
353,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
4295,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
5477,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
12,
29911,
29918,
29906,
7878,
320,
29878,
29895,
4197,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
29892,
2802,
1635,
501,
2403,
29906,
2314,
2612,
29878,
29895,
4197,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
29892,
2802,
1635,
478,
2403,
29906,
11287,
320,
1333,
351,
2474,
13,
12,
20644,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
29897,
718,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
2403,
29906,
29897,
448,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
1800,
448,
12452,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
20843,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
478,
2403,
29906,
1495,
2612,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
320,
5030,
2802,
1635,
478,
2403,
29906,
1495,
29962,
2474,
13,
12,
20644,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
29897,
718,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
2403,
29906,
29897,
448,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
1800,
448,
12452,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
20843,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
478,
2403,
29906,
1495,
2612,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
29905,
5030,
2802,
1635,
501,
2403,
29906,
320,
5030,
2802,
1635,
478,
2403,
29906,
1495,
29962,
2474,
13,
12,
20644,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
2403,
29906,
29897,
448,
12452,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
1800,
718,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
478,
2403,
29906,
1495,
2612,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29913,
320,
5030,
2802,
1635,
478,
2403,
29906,
1495,
29962,
2474,
13,
12,
29987,
353,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
2403,
29906,
29897,
448,
320,
29878,
29895,
4197,
741,
1635,
478,
2403,
29906,
742,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29913,
2314,
2474,
13,
12,
29987,
353,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
2403,
29906,
29897,
448,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29906,
1495,
29899,
7110,
29878,
29895,
4197,
741,
1635,
478,
2403,
29906,
742,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29913,
2314,
29899,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29906,
1495,
29962,
1966,
13,
12,
29987,
353,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29906,
4295,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29906,
1495,
2612,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29906,
29913,
4295,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29906,
1495,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
392,
29871,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
12,
29911,
29918,
29941,
7878,
320,
29878,
29895,
4197,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
29892,
2802,
1635,
501,
2403,
29906,
29892,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29941,
2314,
2612,
29878,
29895,
4197,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
29892,
2802,
1635,
501,
2403,
29906,
29892,
2802,
1635,
478,
2403,
29941,
11287,
320,
1333,
351,
2474,
13,
12,
20644,
320,
29878,
29895,
4197,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
29892,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29906,
2314,
718,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
2403,
29941,
29897,
448,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
26972,
448,
12452,
29878,
29895,
4197,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
29892,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29906,
2314,
3124,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
478,
2403,
29941,
1495,
2612,
29878,
29895,
4197,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
29892,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29906,
29962,
320,
5030,
2802,
1635,
478,
2403,
29941,
1495,
29962,
2474,
13,
12
] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| -0.709758 | 1.931747 | -1.684615 | -0.142551 |
&= \rk([{\bf U}_1,{\bf U}_2]) + \rk({\bf U}_3) - \rk({\bf U}_{3(1,2)}) - [\rk([{\bf U}_1,{\bf U}_2])+\rk({\bf V}_3')-\rk([{\bf U}_1,{\bf U}_2] \cap {\bf U}_3 \cap {\bf V}_3')] \\
&= \rk({\bf U}_3) - [\rk({\bf U}_{3(1,2)}) + \rk({\bf V}_3')-\rk({\bf U}_{3(1,2)} \cap {\bf V}_3')] \\
& = \rk({\bf U}_3) - \rk([{\bf V}_3',{\bf U}_{3(1,2)}]) \\
& = \rk({\bf U}_3) - \rk([{\bf V}_3',{\bf U}_{3(1,2)}]) \\
& = \rk({\bf U}_3) - \rk(\bV_3')-[\rk([{\bf V}_3',{\bf U}_{3(1,2)}])- \rk(\bV_3')]\\
& = \rk(\bV_3|\bV_3')-\rk(\bU_{3(1,2)}|\bV_3')
\end{align}
Thus, $\Delta/L\geq \Delta_1^{123}$. Similarly, $\Delta/L\geq \Delta_1^{ijk}$ for all $(i,j,k)$ that are permutations of $(1,2,3)$, which implies that $\Delta^*\geq \Delta_1$. $\hfill \qed$
\subsection{Proof of the bound: $\Delta^*\geq \Delta_2$}
For this bound the use of functional submodularity will be essential. Recall that we assume without loss of generality that the elements of the data ${\bf X}$ are i.i.d. uniform in $\mathbb{F}_q$.
\begin{align}
&2H(\mathbf{S})+ 2\sum_{k=1}^3 H(\mathbf{W}_k')\notag\\
&=2\sum_{k=1}^3 H(\mathbf{S}, \mathbf{W}_k') + 2\sum_{k=1}^3 I(\mathbf{S}; \mathbf{W}_k') -4 H({\bf S})\label{eq:defMIb} \\
&=2\sum_{k=1}^3 H(\mathbf{S}, \mathbf{W}_k', \mathbf{W}_k) + 2\sum_{k=1}^3 I(\mathbf{S}; \mathbf{W}_k') -4 H({\bf S})\label{eq:defdecodeb} \\
&=\sum_{(i,j)\in\{(1,2),(2,3),(1,3)\}}\left[H({\bf S},{\bf X}^T\bU_i)+H({\bf S},{\bf X}^T\bU_j)\right]+ 2\sum_{k=1}^3 I(\mathbf{S}; \mathbf{W}_k') -4 H({\bf S})\label{eq:useUdefb} \\
&=[H({\bf S}, {\bf X}^T\bU_{12})+H({\bf S}, {\bf X}^T\bU_{13})]+[H({\bf S},{\bf X}^T[{\bf U}_1,{\bf U}_2])+H({\bf S},{\bf X}^T{\bf U}_3)] \notag\\
&\hspace{1cm}+[H({\bf S},{\bf X}^T[{\bf U}_1,{\bf U}_3])+H({\bf S},{\bf X}^T{\bf U}_2)]+ 2\sum_{k=1}^3 I(\mathbf{S}; \mathbf{W}_k') -4 H({\bf S})\label{eq:usefuncsub1b}\\
&\geq H({\bf S},{\bf X}^T{\bf U}_{123})+H({\bf S},{\bf X}^T[{\bf U}_{12},{\bf U}_{13}])+H({\bf S},{\bf X}^T{\bf U}_{3(1,2)})+H({\bf S},{\bf X}^T{\bf U}_{2(1
|
[
20644,
320,
29878,
29895,
4197,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
29892,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29906,
2314,
718,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
2403,
29941,
29897,
448,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
26972,
448,
12452,
29878,
29895,
4197,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
29892,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29906,
2314,
3124,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
478,
2403,
29941,
1495,
2612,
29878,
29895,
4197,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
29892,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29906,
29962,
320,
5030,
2802,
1635,
501,
2403,
29941,
320,
5030,
29871,
2802,
1635,
478,
2403,
29941,
1495,
29962,
2474,
13,
12,
20644,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
2403,
29941,
29897,
448,
12452,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
26972,
718,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
478,
2403,
29941,
1495,
2612,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
2915,
320,
5030,
2802,
1635,
478,
2403,
29941,
1495,
29962,
2474,
13,
12,
29987,
353,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
2403,
29941,
29897,
448,
320,
29878,
29895,
4197,
741,
1635,
478,
2403,
29941,
742,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
2915,
2314,
2474,
13,
12,
29987,
353,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
2403,
29941,
29897,
448,
320,
29878,
29895,
4197,
741,
1635,
478,
2403,
29941,
742,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
2915,
2314,
2474,
13,
12,
29987,
353,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
2403,
29941,
29897,
448,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29941,
1495,
29899,
7110,
29878,
29895,
4197,
741,
1635,
478,
2403,
29941,
742,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
2915,
2314,
29899,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29941,
1495,
29962,
1966,
13,
12,
29987,
353,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29941,
4295,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29941,
1495,
2612,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
2915,
4295,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29941,
1495,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
1349,
375,
29892,
779,
5268,
29914,
29931,
29905,
6279,
320,
5268,
29918,
29896,
998,
29896,
29906,
29941,
4311,
20175,
29892,
779,
5268,
29914,
29931,
29905,
6279,
320,
5268,
29918,
29896,
998,
13535,
1042,
363,
599,
2427,
29875,
29892,
29926,
29892,
29895,
1262,
393,
526,
20005,
800,
310,
2427,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29892,
29941,
5767,
607,
10469,
393,
779,
5268,
6622,
29905,
6279,
320,
5268,
29918,
29896,
1504,
779,
29882,
5589,
320,
29939,
287,
29938,
13,
13,
29905,
7235,
29912,
28116,
310,
278,
3216,
29901,
779,
5268,
6622,
29905,
6279,
320,
5268,
29918,
29906,
17133,
13,
2831,
445,
3216,
278,
671,
310,
13303,
1014,
1545,
1070,
537,
674,
367,
18853,
29889,
3599,
497,
393,
29871,
591,
5251,
1728,
6410,
310,
2498,
537,
393,
278,
3161,
310,
278,
848,
7555,
1635,
1060,
1042,
526,
474,
29889,
29875,
29889,
29881,
29889,
9090,
297,
779,
1995,
29912,
29943,
2403,
29939,
1504,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
12,
29987,
29906,
29950,
1194,
2762,
29912,
29903,
1800,
29974,
259,
29906,
29905,
2083,
648,
29895,
29922,
29896,
2137,
29941,
379,
1194,
2762,
29912,
29956,
2403,
29895,
1495,
29905,
1333,
351,
1966,
13,
12,
20644,
29906,
29905,
2083,
648,
29895,
29922,
29896,
2137,
29941,
379,
1194,
2762,
29912,
29903,
1118,
320,
2762,
29912,
29956,
2403,
29895,
1495,
259,
718,
29871,
29906,
29905,
2083,
648,
29895,
29922,
29896,
2137,
29941,
306,
1194,
2762,
29912,
29903,
3400,
320,
2762,
29912,
29956,
2403,
29895,
1495,
448,
29946,
379,
13670,
1635,
317,
11606,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
1753,
10403,
29890,
29913,
2474,
13,
12,
20644,
29906,
29905,
2083,
648,
29895,
29922,
29896,
2137,
29941,
379,
1194,
2762,
29912,
29903,
1118,
320,
2762,
29912,
29956,
2403,
29895,
742,
320,
2762,
29912,
29956,
2403,
29895,
29897,
259,
718,
29871,
29906,
29905,
2083,
648,
29895,
29922,
29896,
2137,
29941,
306,
1194,
2762,
29912,
29903,
3400,
320,
2762,
29912,
29956,
2403,
29895,
1495,
448,
29946,
379,
13670,
1635,
317,
11606,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
1753,
13808,
29890,
29913,
2474,
12,
13,
12,
29987,
2013,
2083,
20862,
29875,
29892,
29926,
2144,
262,
29905,
8001,
29896,
29892,
29906,
21336,
29906,
29892,
29941,
21336,
29896,
29892,
29941,
2144,
4229,
1563,
29961,
29950,
13670,
1635,
317,
1118,
741,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
29905,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29875,
7240,
29950,
13670,
1635,
317,
1118,
741,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
29905,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29926,
2144,
1266,
10062,
29871,
29906,
29905,
2083,
648,
29895,
29922,
29896,
2137,
29941,
306,
1194,
2762,
29912,
29903,
3400,
320,
2762,
29912,
29956,
2403,
29895,
1495,
448,
29946,
379,
13670,
1635,
317,
11606,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
1509,
29965,
1753,
29890,
29913,
2474,
13,
12,
29987,
11759,
29950,
13670,
1635,
317,
1118,
2802,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
29905,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29906,
1800,
29974,
29950,
13670,
1635,
317,
1118,
2802,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
29905,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29941,
1800,
10062,
29961,
29950,
13670,
1635,
317,
1118,
741,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
29961,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
29892,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29906,
2314,
29974,
29950,
13670,
1635,
317,
1118,
741,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29941,
4638,
320,
1333,
351,
1966,
13,
12,
11035,
14158,
29912,
29896,
4912,
7517,
29961,
29950,
13670,
1635,
317,
1118,
741,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
29961,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
29892,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29941,
2314,
29974,
29950,
13670,
1635,
317,
1118,
741,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29906,
4638,
29974,
29871,
29906,
29905,
2083,
648,
29895,
29922,
29896,
2137,
29941,
306,
1194,
2762,
29912,
29903,
3400,
320,
2762,
29912,
29956,
2403,
29895,
1495,
448,
29946,
379,
13670,
1635,
317,
11606,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
1509,
9891,
1491,
29896,
29890,
9952,
13,
12,
11035,
6279,
379,
13670,
1635,
317,
1118,
741,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1800,
29974,
29950,
13670,
1635,
317,
1118,
741,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
29961,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
1118,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29941,
29913,
2314,
29974,
29950,
13670,
1635,
317,
1118,
741,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
26972,
29974,
29950,
13670,
1635,
317,
1118,
741,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29906,
29898,
29896
] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| -0.662209 | 2.014806 | -1.422805 | -0.217811 |
,3)}) \notag \\
&\hspace{1cm}+2H({\bf S},{\bf X}^T[{\bf U}_1,{\bf U}_2,{\bf U}_3])+ 2\sum_{k=1}^3 I(\mathbf{S}; \mathbf{W}_k') -4 H({\bf S})\label{eq:usefuncsub2b}\\
& \geq H({\bf X}^T{\bf U}_{123}|{\bf S})+H({\bf X}^T[{\bf U}_{12},{\bf U}_{13}]|{\bf S})+H({\bf X}^T{\bf U}_{3(1,2)}\mid{\bf S})+H({\bf X}^T{\bf U}_{2(1,3)}|{\bf S}) \notag \\
&\hspace{1cm}+2H({\bf X}^T[{\bf U}_1,{\bf U}_2,{\bf U}_3]) + 2\sum_{k=1}^3 I(\mathbf{S}; \mathbf{W}_k')\label{eq:conv_2_RHSb}\\
& \geq \max_{\ell\in\{1,2,3\}}H({\bf X}^T({\bf U}_{123}\cap \bV_\ell')\mid{\bf S})+H({\bf X}^T[{\bf U}_{12},{\bf U}_{13}]\mid{\bf S})+H({\bf X}^T{\bf U}_{3(1,2)}\mid{\bf S})+H({\bf X}^T{\bf U}_{2(1,3)}\mid {\bf S}) \notag \\
&\hspace{1cm}+2H({\bf X}^T[{\bf U}_1,{\bf U}_2,{\bf U}_3]) + 2\sum_{k=1}^3 I(\mathbf{S}; \mathbf{W}_k')\label{eq:fb}\\
& \geq \max_{\ell\in \{1,2,3\}}H({\bf X}^T({\bf U}_{123}\cap {\bf V}_\ell')) +H({\bf X}^T[{\bf U}_{12},{\bf U}_{13}]\mid{\bf S})+H({\bf X}^T{\bf U}_{3(1,2)}\mid{\bf S})+H({\bf X}^T{\bf U}_{2(1,3)}\mid{\bf S}) \notag \\
&\hspace{1cm}+2H({\bf X}^T[{\bf U}_1,{\bf U}_2,{\bf U}_3]) + \sum_{k=1}^3 I(\mathbf{S}; \mathbf{W}_k') \label{eq:useDPI2b} \\
&\geq \max_{\ell\in \{1,2,3\}}H({\bf X}^T({\bf U}_{123}\cap {\bf V}_\ell')) +H({\bf X}^T([{\bf U}_{12},{\bf U}_{13}]\cap {\bf V}_1'))+H({\bf X}^T({\bf U}_{3(1,2)}\cap {\bf V}_3')) \notag \\
&\hspace{1cm}+H({\bf X}^T({\bf U}_{2(1,3)}\cap {\bf V}_2'))+2H({\bf X}^T[{\bf U}_1,{\bf U}_2,{\bf U}_3]) \label{eq:useDPI3b}
\end{align}
Step \eqref{eq:defMIb} uses the definition of mutual information $I(A; B)=H(A)+H(B)-H(A,B)$. Step \eqref{eq:defdecodeb} uses the decoder definition \eqref{eq:dec}, i.e., ${\bf W}_k$ is a function of $({\bf S}, {\bf W}_k')$. Step \eqref{eq:useUdefb} uses the definition of $\bU_k=[\bV_k',\bV_k]$ from \eqref{eq:Udef} to recognize ${\bf X}^T\bU_k=[{\bf W}_k', {\bf W}_k]$. Step \eqref{eq:usefuncsub1b} use functional submodularity property from Corollary \ref{cor:submod} twice, once for $(i,j)=(1,2)$ and once for $(i,j)=(1,3)$. Step \eqref{
|
[
29892,
29941,
26972,
320,
1333,
351,
2474,
13,
12,
12,
11035,
14158,
29912,
29896,
4912,
7517,
29906,
29950,
13670,
1635,
317,
1118,
741,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
29961,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
29892,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29906,
29892,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29941,
2314,
29974,
29871,
29906,
29905,
2083,
648,
29895,
29922,
29896,
2137,
29941,
306,
1194,
2762,
29912,
29903,
3400,
320,
2762,
29912,
29956,
2403,
29895,
1495,
448,
29946,
379,
13670,
1635,
317,
11606,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
1509,
9891,
1491,
29906,
29890,
9952,
13,
12,
12,
29987,
320,
6279,
379,
13670,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
11079,
741,
1635,
317,
1800,
29974,
29950,
13670,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
29961,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
1118,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29941,
6525,
29989,
741,
1635,
317,
1800,
29974,
29950,
13670,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
11383,
6563,
741,
1635,
317,
1800,
29974,
29950,
13670,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29941,
2915,
29989,
741,
1635,
317,
1800,
320,
1333,
351,
2474,
13,
12,
12,
11035,
14158,
29912,
29896,
4912,
7517,
29906,
29950,
13670,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
29961,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
29892,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29906,
29892,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29941,
2314,
718,
29871,
29906,
29905,
2083,
648,
29895,
29922,
29896,
2137,
29941,
306,
1194,
2762,
29912,
29903,
3400,
320,
2762,
29912,
29956,
2403,
29895,
1495,
29905,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
20580,
29918,
29906,
29918,
29934,
14851,
29890,
9952,
13,
12,
12,
29987,
320,
6279,
320,
3317,
1665,
514,
29905,
262,
10045,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29892,
29941,
29905,
930,
29950,
13670,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1012,
5030,
320,
29890,
29963,
3187,
514,
1495,
29905,
6563,
741,
1635,
317,
1800,
29974,
29950,
13670,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
29961,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
1118,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29941,
6525,
29905,
6563,
741,
1635,
317,
1800,
29974,
29950,
13670,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
11383,
6563,
741,
1635,
317,
1800,
29974,
29950,
13670,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29941,
11383,
6563,
2802,
1635,
317,
1800,
320,
1333,
351,
2474,
13,
12,
12,
11035,
14158,
29912,
29896,
4912,
7517,
29906,
29950,
13670,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
29961,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
29892,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29906,
29892,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29941,
2314,
718,
29871,
29906,
29905,
2083,
648,
29895,
29922,
29896,
2137,
29941,
306,
1194,
2762,
29912,
29903,
3400,
320,
2762,
29912,
29956,
2403,
29895,
1495,
29905,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
14943,
9952,
12,
12,
13,
12,
29987,
320,
6279,
320,
3317,
1665,
514,
29905,
262,
9991,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29892,
29941,
29905,
930,
29950,
13670,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1012,
5030,
2802,
1635,
478,
12806,
514,
8785,
718,
29950,
13670,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
29961,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
1118,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29941,
6525,
29905,
6563,
741,
1635,
317,
1800,
29974,
29950,
13670,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
11383,
6563,
741,
1635,
317,
1800,
29974,
29950,
13670,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29941,
11383,
6563,
741,
1635,
317,
1800,
320,
1333,
351,
2474,
13,
12,
12,
11035,
14158,
29912,
29896,
4912,
7517,
29906,
29950,
13670,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
29961,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
29892,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29906,
29892,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29941,
2314,
718,
320,
2083,
648,
29895,
29922,
29896,
2137,
29941,
306,
1194,
2762,
29912,
29903,
3400,
320,
2762,
29912,
29956,
2403,
29895,
1495,
320,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
1509,
29928,
2227,
29906,
29890,
29913,
2474,
13,
12,
11035,
6279,
320,
3317,
1665,
514,
29905,
262,
9991,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29892,
29941,
29905,
930,
29950,
13670,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1012,
5030,
2802,
1635,
478,
12806,
514,
8785,
718,
29950,
13670,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
4197,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
1118,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29941,
6525,
29905,
5030,
2802,
1635,
478,
2403,
29896,
8785,
29974,
29950,
13670,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
11383,
5030,
2802,
1635,
478,
2403,
29941,
8785,
320,
1333,
351,
2474,
13,
12,
12,
11035,
14158,
29912,
29896,
4912,
7517,
29950,
13670,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29941,
11383,
5030,
2802,
1635,
478,
2403,
29906,
8785,
29974,
29906,
29950,
13670,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
29961,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
29892,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29906,
29892,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29941,
2314,
29871,
320,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
1509,
29928,
2227,
29941,
29890,
29913,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
14448,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
1753,
10403,
29890,
29913,
3913,
278,
5023,
310,
5478,
950,
2472,
395,
29902,
29898,
29909,
29936,
350,
3892,
29950,
29898,
29909,
7240,
29950,
29898,
29933,
6817,
29950,
29898,
29909,
29892,
29933,
4935,
16696,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
1753,
13808,
29890,
29913,
3913,
278,
1602,
6119,
5023,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
7099,
1118,
474,
29889,
29872,
1696,
7555,
1635,
399,
2403,
29895,
29938,
338,
263,
740,
310,
2427,
741,
1635,
317,
1118,
2802,
1635,
399,
2403,
29895,
29915,
4935,
16696,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
1509,
29965,
1753,
29890,
29913,
3913,
278,
5023,
310,
779,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29895,
29922,
7110,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29895,
742,
29905,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29895,
9341,
29871,
515,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
29965,
1753,
29913,
304,
18720,
7555,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
29905,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29895,
11759,
741,
1635,
399,
2403,
29895,
742,
2802,
1635,
399,
2403,
29895,
22689,
16696,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
1509,
9891,
1491,
29896,
29890,
29913,
671,
13303,
1014,
1545,
1070,
537,
2875,
515,
2994,
21982,
320,
999,
29912,
2616,
29901,
1491,
1545,
29913,
8951,
29892,
2748,
363,
2427,
29875,
29892,
29926,
3892,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
1262,
322,
2748,
363,
2427,
29875,
29892,
29926,
3892,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29941,
4935,
16696,
320,
4915,
29912
] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| -0.969237 | 2.051144 | -1.914148 | -0.470787 |
eq:usefuncsub2b} uses functional submodularity from Corollary \ref{cor:submod} three times, once for each of the collections of terms inside the three square parantheses in \eqref{eq:usefuncsub1b}, making use of the fact that $\bU_{12}\cap\bU_{13}=\bU_{123}$, $[\bU_1,\bU_2]\cap\bU_3=\bU_{3(1,2)}$, and $[\bU_1,\bU_3]\cap\bU_2=\bU_{2(1,3)}$ by definition. Step \eqref{eq:conv_2_RHSb} uses
the chain rule of entropy to extract $H({\bf S})$ from the first four terms, and the property that $H(A,B)\geq H(B)$ to drop ${\bf S}$ from the fifth term. Step \eqref{eq:fb} uses the property that $H(A\mid B)\geq H(f(A)\mid B)$, and the fact that ${\bf X}^T(\bU_{123}\cap\bV_\ell')$ is a function of ${\bf X}^T\bU_{123}$. Step \eqref{eq:useDPI2b} uses the fact that $H({\bf X}^T[{\bf U}_{123}\cap \bV_\ell']\mid{\bf S})=H({\bf X}^T[{\bf U}_{123}\cap \bV_\ell'])-I({\bf S}; {\bf X}^T[{\bf U}_{123}\cap \bV_\ell'])$ by definition of mutual information, and $I({\bf S}; {\bf X}^T[{\bf U}_{123}\cap \bV_\ell'])\leq I({\bf S}; {\bf X}^T \bV_\ell')=I({\bf S}; {\bf W}_\ell')\leq \sum_{k=1}^3I({\bf S};{\bf W}_k')$ by data-processing inequality, and the non-negativity of mutual information. Similar reasoning is applied to the third, fourth and fifth terms of \eqref{eq:useDPI2b} to obtain \eqref{eq:useDPI3b} by removing the conditioning on ${\bf S}$ and by absorbing one of the $I({\bf S}; {\bf W}_k')$ terms each. The reasoning can be summarized as $H(A\mid S)+I(B;S)\geq H(C\mid S)+I(C;S)=H(C)$ if $C$ is a function of both $A$ and $B$ individually.
Evaluating the entropies in terms of the corresponding ranks, and normalizing by $L$, we obtain,
\begin{align}
& \Delta/L\geq H({\bf S})/L\notag\\
& \geq \frac{1}{2}\Bigg(\max_{l\in \{1,2,3\}}\rk(({\bf U}_{123}\cap {\bf V}_l')) +\rk([{\bf U}_{12},{\bf U}_{13}]\cap {\bf V}_1')+ \rk({\bf U}_{3(1,2)}\cap {\bf V}_3')+\rk({\bf U}_{2(1,3)}\cap {\bf V}_2')\Bigg) \notag \\
&\hspace{1cm}+\rk([{\bf U}_1,{\bf U}_2,{\bf U}_3]) -\sum_{k=1}^3\rk({\bf V}_k') \label{eq:rankdefb}\\
&= \frac{1}{2}\Bigg(\rk({\bf U}_{123})- \min_{\ell\in \{1,2,3\}}\rk({\bf U}_{123}\mid{\bf V}_\ell')+\rk([{\bf U}_{12},{\bf U}_{13}]) -\rk([{\bf U}_{12},{\bf U}_{13}]\mid \bV_1')+ \rk({\bf U}_{3(1,2)})\notag\\
&\hspace{1cm}-\rk({\bf U}_{3(1,2)}\mid\bV_3')+\rk({\bf U}_{2(1,3)})-\rk({\bf U}_{2(1,3)}\mid \bV_2')\Bigg) +\
|
[
1837,
29901,
1509,
9891,
1491,
29906,
29890,
29913,
3913,
13303,
1014,
1545,
1070,
537,
515,
2994,
21982,
320,
999,
29912,
2616,
29901,
1491,
1545,
29913,
2211,
3064,
29892,
2748,
363,
1269,
310,
278,
16250,
310,
4958,
2768,
278,
2211,
6862,
610,
9716,
21523,
297,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
1509,
9891,
1491,
29896,
29890,
1118,
3907,
671,
310,
278,
2114,
393,
779,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29906,
1012,
5030,
29905,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29941,
8738,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
4429,
395,
7110,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29896,
2053,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29906,
10725,
5030,
29905,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29941,
2013,
29890,
29965,
648,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29897,
4429,
322,
395,
7110,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29896,
2053,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29941,
10725,
5030,
29905,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29906,
2013,
29890,
29965,
648,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29941,
15604,
491,
5023,
29889,
16696,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
20580,
29918,
29906,
29918,
29934,
14851,
29890,
29913,
3913,
29871,
13,
278,
9704,
5751,
310,
24687,
304,
6597,
395,
29950,
13670,
1635,
317,
8435,
515,
278,
937,
3023,
4958,
29892,
322,
278,
2875,
393,
395,
29950,
29898,
29909,
29892,
29933,
2144,
6279,
379,
29898,
29933,
1262,
304,
5768,
7555,
1635,
317,
1042,
515,
278,
18615,
1840,
29889,
29871,
16696,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
14943,
29913,
3913,
278,
2875,
393,
395,
29950,
29898,
29909,
29905,
6563,
350,
2144,
6279,
379,
29898,
29888,
29898,
29909,
2144,
6563,
350,
5767,
322,
278,
2114,
393,
7555,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1012,
5030,
29905,
29890,
29963,
3187,
514,
29915,
1262,
338,
263,
740,
310,
7555,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
29905,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
4311,
16696,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
1509,
29928,
2227,
29906,
29890,
29913,
3913,
278,
2114,
393,
395,
29950,
13670,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
29961,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1012,
5030,
320,
29890,
29963,
3187,
514,
2033,
29905,
6563,
741,
1635,
317,
1800,
29922,
29950,
13670,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
29961,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1012,
5030,
320,
29890,
29963,
3187,
514,
2033,
6817,
29902,
13670,
1635,
317,
3400,
2802,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
29961,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1012,
5030,
320,
29890,
29963,
3187,
514,
2033,
1262,
491,
5023,
310,
5478,
950,
2472,
29892,
322,
395,
29902,
13670,
1635,
317,
3400,
2802,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
29961,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1012,
5030,
320,
29890,
29963,
3187,
514,
2033,
2144,
3797,
306,
13670,
1635,
317,
3400,
2802,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
320,
29890,
29963,
3187,
514,
1495,
29922,
29902,
13670,
1635,
317,
3400,
2802,
1635,
399,
12806,
514,
1495,
29905,
3797,
320,
2083,
648,
29895,
29922,
29896,
2137,
29941,
29902,
13670,
1635,
317,
3400,
741,
1635,
399,
2403,
29895,
29915,
1262,
491,
848,
29899,
19170,
14585,
29892,
322,
278,
1661,
29899,
10052,
28157,
310,
5478,
950,
2472,
29889,
13999,
24481,
338,
7436,
304,
278,
4654,
29892,
11582,
322,
18615,
4958,
310,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
1509,
29928,
2227,
29906,
29890,
29913,
304,
4017,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
1509,
29928,
2227,
29941,
29890,
29913,
491,
11077,
278,
4195,
292,
373,
7555,
1635,
317,
1042,
322,
491,
17977,
10549,
697,
310,
278,
395,
29902,
13670,
1635,
317,
3400,
2802,
1635,
399,
2403,
29895,
29915,
1262,
4958,
1269,
29889,
450,
24481,
508,
367,
19138,
1891,
408,
395,
29950,
29898,
29909,
29905,
6563,
317,
7240,
29902,
29898,
29933,
29936,
29903,
2144,
6279,
29871,
379,
29898,
29907,
29905,
6563,
317,
7240,
29902,
29898,
29907,
29936,
29903,
3892,
29950,
29898,
29907,
1262,
565,
395,
29907,
29938,
338,
263,
740,
310,
1716,
395,
29909,
29938,
322,
395,
29933,
29938,
29689,
29889,
13,
29871,
13,
29923,
4387,
1218,
278,
875,
1336,
583,
297,
4958,
310,
278,
6590,
27871,
29892,
322,
4226,
5281,
491,
395,
29931,
1628,
591,
4017,
29892,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
29871,
13,
12,
29987,
320,
5268,
29914,
29931,
29905,
6279,
379,
13670,
1635,
317,
1800,
29914,
29931,
29905,
1333,
351,
1966,
13,
12,
29987,
320,
6279,
320,
1154,
29912,
29896,
1157,
29906,
1012,
6970,
29887,
1194,
3317,
648,
29880,
29905,
262,
9991,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29892,
29941,
29905,
4229,
29878,
29895,
3552,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1012,
5030,
2802,
1635,
478,
2403,
29880,
8785,
17501,
29878,
29895,
4197,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
1118,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29941,
6525,
29905,
5030,
2802,
1635,
478,
2403,
29896,
1495,
29974,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
11383,
5030,
2802,
1635,
478,
2403,
29941,
1495,
3124,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29941,
11383,
5030,
2802,
1635,
478,
2403,
29906,
1495,
29905,
6970,
29887,
29897,
320,
1333,
351,
2474,
13,
12,
12,
11035,
14158,
29912,
29896,
4912,
10869,
29878,
29895,
4197,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
29892,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29906,
29892,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29941,
2314,
11995,
2083,
648,
29895,
29922,
29896,
2137,
29941,
29905,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
478,
2403,
29895,
1495,
320,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
10003,
1753,
29890,
9952,
13,
12,
20644,
320,
1154,
29912,
29896,
1157,
29906,
1012,
6970,
29887,
1194,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1800,
29899,
320,
1195,
1665,
514,
29905,
262,
9991,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29892,
29941,
29905,
4229,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1012,
6563,
741,
1635,
478,
12806,
514,
1495,
3124,
29878,
29895,
4197,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
1118,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29941,
29913,
2314,
259,
11995,
29878,
29895,
4197,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
1118,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29941,
6525,
29905,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
1495,
29974,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29897,
11606,
1333,
351,
1966,
13,
12,
12,
11035,
14158,
29912,
29896,
4912,
12775,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
11383,
6563,
29905,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29941,
1495,
3124,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29941,
26972,
2612,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29941,
11383,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29906,
1495,
29905,
6970,
29887,
29897,
17501
] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| -0.223574 | 2.175731 | -0.824765 | 0.270431 |
rk([{\bf U}_1,{\bf U}_2,{\bf U}_3]) -\sum_{k=1}^3\rk({\bf V}_k')\label{eq:usedefconrank1b} \\
&= \frac{1}{2}\Bigg(\rk({\bf U}_{12})+\rk({\bf U}_{13}) - \min_{\ell\in \{1,2,3\}}\rk({\bf U}_{123}\mid{\bf V}_\ell') -\rk([{\bf U}_{12},{\bf U}_{13}]\mid \bV_1')+\rk(\bU_3)+\rk([\bU_1,\bU_2]) \notag\\
&\hspace{1cm}-\rk({\bf U}_{3(1,2)}\mid\bV_3')+\rk(\bU_2)+\rk([\bU_1,\bU_3])-\rk({\bf U}_{2(1,3)}\mid \bV_2')\Bigg) -\sum_{k=1}^3\rk({\bf V}_k') \label{eq:usedefunionrank1b}\\
&= \rk(\bU_1)+\rk(\bU_2)+\rk(\bU_3)-\sum_{k=1}^3\rk({\bf V}_k')\notag\\
&\hspace{0.5cm}-\frac{1}{2}\Bigg(\min_{\ell\in \{1,2,3\}}\rk({\bf U}_{123}\mid{\bf V}_\ell') +\rk([{\bf U}_{12},{\bf U}_{13}]\mid \bV_1') +\rk({\bf U}_{3(1,2)}\mid\bV_3')+\rk({\bf U}_{2(1,3)}\mid \bV_2')\Bigg) \label{eq:splitrank1b} \\
&= \rk(\bV_1\mid \bV_1')+\rk(\bV_2\mid\bV_2')+\rk(\bV_3\mid\bV_3')\notag\\
&\hspace{0.5cm}-\frac{1}{2}\Bigg(\min_{\ell\in \{1,2,3\}}\rk({\bf U}_{123}\mid{\bf V}_\ell') +\rk([{\bf U}_{12},{\bf U}_{13}]\mid \bV_1') +\rk({\bf U}_{3(1,2)}\mid\bV_3')+\rk({\bf U}_{2(1,3)}\mid \bV_2')\Bigg) \label{eq:UgivenV}
\end{align}
Step \eqref{eq:rankdefb} uses the fact that for i.i.d. uniform data ${\bf X}^T\in\mathbb{F}_q^{L\times d}$ and an arbitrary matrix ${\bf M}\in\mathbb{F}_q^{d\times \mu}$, $H({\bf X}^T{\bf M})=L\cdot\rk({\bf M})$ in $q$-ary units. Step \eqref{eq:usedefconrank1b} uses the definition of conditional rank from \eqref{eq:defconrank}. Step \eqref{eq:usedefunionrank1b} uses the fact that $\rk(\bU_{123})=\rk(\bU_{12}\cap\bU_{13})=\rk(\bU_{12})+\rk(\bU_{13})-\rk([\bU_{12},\bU_{13}])$, similarly $\rk(\bU_{3(1,2)})=\rk(\bU_3\cap [\bU_1,\bU_2])=\rk(\bU_3)+\rk([\bU_1,\bU_2])-\rk([\bU_1,\bU_2,\bU_3])$, and by the same token $\rk(\bU_{2(1,3)})=\rk(\bU_2\cap [\bU_1,\bU_3])=\rk(\bU_2)+\rk([\bU_1,\bU_3])-\rk([\bU_1,\bU_2,\bU_3])$. Step \
|
[
29878,
29895,
4197,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
29892,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29906,
29892,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29941,
2314,
11995,
2083,
648,
29895,
29922,
29896,
2137,
29941,
29905,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
478,
2403,
29895,
1495,
29905,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
3880,
1389,
535,
10003,
29896,
29890,
29913,
2474,
13,
12,
12,
20644,
320,
1154,
29912,
29896,
1157,
29906,
1012,
6970,
29887,
1194,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
1800,
3124,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29941,
1800,
448,
320,
1195,
1665,
514,
29905,
262,
9991,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29892,
29941,
29905,
4229,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1012,
6563,
741,
1635,
478,
12806,
514,
1495,
29871,
11995,
29878,
29895,
4197,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
1118,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29941,
6525,
29905,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
1495,
3124,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29941,
20843,
29878,
29895,
4197,
29905,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29896,
2053,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29906,
2314,
320,
1333,
351,
1966,
13,
12,
12,
11035,
14158,
29912,
29896,
4912,
12775,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
11383,
6563,
29905,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29941,
1495,
3124,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29906,
20843,
29878,
29895,
4197,
29905,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29896,
2053,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29941,
2314,
2612,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29941,
11383,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29906,
1495,
29905,
6970,
29887,
29897,
29871,
11995,
2083,
648,
29895,
29922,
29896,
2137,
29941,
29905,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
478,
2403,
29895,
1495,
320,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
3880,
1389,
13094,
10003,
29896,
29890,
9952,
13,
12,
12,
20644,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29896,
20843,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29906,
20843,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29941,
23019,
2083,
648,
29895,
29922,
29896,
2137,
29941,
29905,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
478,
2403,
29895,
1495,
29905,
1333,
351,
1966,
13,
12,
12,
11035,
14158,
29912,
29900,
29889,
29945,
4912,
12775,
1154,
29912,
29896,
1157,
29906,
1012,
6970,
29887,
1194,
1195,
1665,
514,
29905,
262,
9991,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29892,
29941,
29905,
4229,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1012,
6563,
741,
1635,
478,
12806,
514,
1495,
29871,
17501,
29878,
29895,
4197,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
1118,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29941,
6525,
29905,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
1495,
17501,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
11383,
6563,
29905,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29941,
1495,
3124,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29941,
11383,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29906,
1495,
29905,
6970,
29887,
29897,
320,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
5451,
10003,
29896,
29890,
29913,
29871,
2474,
13,
12,
12,
20644,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
29905,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
1495,
3124,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29906,
29905,
6563,
29905,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29906,
1495,
3124,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29941,
29905,
6563,
29905,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29941,
1495,
29905,
1333,
351,
1966,
13,
12,
12,
11035,
14158,
29912,
29900,
29889,
29945,
4912,
12775,
1154,
29912,
29896,
1157,
29906,
1012,
6970,
29887,
1194,
1195,
1665,
514,
29905,
262,
9991,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29892,
29941,
29905,
4229,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1012,
6563,
741,
1635,
478,
12806,
514,
1495,
29871,
17501,
29878,
29895,
4197,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
1118,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29941,
6525,
29905,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
1495,
17501,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
11383,
6563,
29905,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29941,
1495,
3124,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29941,
11383,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29906,
1495,
29905,
6970,
29887,
29897,
259,
320,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
29965,
29887,
5428,
29963,
29913,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
14448,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
10003,
1753,
29890,
29913,
3913,
278,
2114,
393,
363,
474,
29889,
29875,
29889,
29881,
29889,
9090,
848,
7555,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
29905,
262,
29905,
1995,
29912,
29943,
2403,
29939,
998,
29931,
29905,
3706,
270,
1042,
322,
385,
11472,
4636,
7555,
1635,
341,
1012,
262,
29905,
1995,
29912,
29943,
2403,
29939,
998,
29881,
29905,
3706,
320,
2589,
4429,
395,
29950,
13670,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
741,
1635,
341,
1800,
29922,
29931,
29905,
3822,
29905,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
341,
8435,
297,
395,
29939,
4388,
653,
10340,
29889,
16696,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
3880,
1389,
535,
10003,
29896,
29890,
29913,
3913,
278,
5023,
310,
15047,
7115,
515,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
1753,
535,
10003,
1836,
16696,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
3880,
1389,
13094,
10003,
29896,
29890,
29913,
3913,
278,
2114,
393,
779,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1800,
2013,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29906,
1012,
5030,
29905,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29941,
1800,
2013,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29906,
1800,
3124,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29941,
1800,
2612,
29878,
29895,
4197,
29905,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29906,
7570,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29941,
6525,
5767,
29871,
22829,
779,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
26972,
2013,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29941,
29905,
5030,
12452,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29896,
2053,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29906,
2314,
2013,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29941,
20843,
29878,
29895,
4197,
29905,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29896,
2053,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29906,
2314,
2612,
29878,
29895,
4197,
29905,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29896,
2053,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29906,
2053,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29941,
29962,
5767,
29871,
322,
491,
278,
1021,
5993,
779,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29941,
26972,
2013,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29906,
29905,
5030,
12452,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29896,
2053,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29941,
2314,
2013,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29906,
20843,
29878,
29895,
4197,
29905,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29896,
2053,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29941,
2314,
2612,
29878,
29895,
4197,
29905,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29896,
2053,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29906,
2053,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29941,
29962,
4935,
16696,
320
] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| -0.667644 | 2.009614 | -1.469429 | -0.181762 |
eqref{eq:splitrank1b} uses the fact that $\rk(\bU_{ij})=\rk(\bU_i)+\rk(\bU_j)-\rk([\bU_i,\bU_j])$. Finally, step \eqref{eq:UgivenV} uses the fact that $\rk(\bU_i)-\rk(\bV_i')=\rk([\bV_i', \bV_i])-\rk(\bV_i')=\rk(\bV_i\mid \bV_i')$.
Since this holds for every $L$ and all encoders and decoders, it follows that $\Delta^*\geq \Delta_2^{123}$. Similarly, $\Delta^*\geq \Delta_2^{ijk}$, $\forall(i,j,k)$ that are permutations of $(1,2,3)$, which implies that $\Delta^*\geq \Delta_2$.$\hfill \qed$
\section{Theorem \ref{thm:main}: Proof of Achievability } \label{sec: Achievability}
We start this proof with some preliminary steps.
\subsection{Eliminating redundancies}
As a first step let us eliminate redundancies, if any, that exist in the users' side-information and demands by removing redundant columns in ${\bf V}_k, {\bf V}_k'$ such that ${\bf U}_k=[{\bf V}_k', {\bf V}_k]$ has full column rank for each $k\in[1:3]$. Essentially, we retain only linearly independent columns because the remaining columns either represent information desired by a user that is already available to the user (overlap between $\langle {\bf V}_k\rangle$ and $ \langle {\bf V}_k'\rangle$), or information that is already accounted for by the independent columns (redundancies within ${\bf V}_k$ or within ${\bf V}_k'$). Thus, henceforth in this proof of achievability let us assume, without loss of generality, that \begin{align} \label{eq:full_rank_Uk}
\rk({\bf U}_k) = \rk([\bV_k', \bV_k]) = \rk(\bV_k')+\rk(\bV_k)= m_k+m_k'.
\end{align}
\subsection{Field size extension} \label{subsec:field_size}
Recall that the problem formulation specifies a field $\mathbb{F}_q$, but allows us to choose the number of computations $L$ to be encoded together as a free parameter in the achievable scheme. The freedom in the choice of $L$ in fact allows field extensions that translate the specified field of operations from $\mathbb{F}_q$ to $\mathbb{F}_{q^z}$ for arbitrary $z\in\mathbb{Z}^+$. Specifically, consider $L=z$ computations, and denote $\bar{{\bf V}}_k' = {\bf V}_k' \otimes {\bf I}^{z\times z}$, $\bar{{\bf V}}_k = {\bf V}_k \otimes {\bf I}^{z\times z}$ and $\bar{{\bf U}}_k = {\bf U}_k \otimes {\bf I}^{z\times z}$ as the {\it $z$-extension} of the coefficient matrices, where $\otimes$ denotes the Kronecker product. Denote $\bar{{\bf X}} = \mbox{vec}({\bf X}^T)$, where $\mbox{vec}(\cdot)$ is the vectorization function. By this notation, we can restate the problem such that User $k$ has side information $\bar{{\bf X}}^T\bar{{\bf V}}_k'$ and wants to compute $\bar{{\bf X}}^T\bar{{\bf V}}_k$ for $k=[1:3]$, where $\bar{{\bf X}} \in {\Bbb F}_q^{dz\times 1}$, $\bar{{\bf V}}_k' \in {\Bbb F}_q^{dz\times m'z}$ and $\bar{{\bf V}}_k \in {\Bbb F}_q^{dz\times mz}$. Now, since $\mathbb{F}_q$ is a sub-field of $\mathbb{F}_{q^z}$, this problem is equivalent to the problem where ${\bf X} \in {\Bbb F}_{q^z}^{d \times 1}$, ${\bf V}_k'\in{\Bbb F}_{q^z}^{d\times m'}$ and ${\bf V}_k\in{\Bbb F}_{q
|
[
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
5451,
10003,
29896,
29890,
29913,
3913,
278,
2114,
393,
779,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
823,
1800,
2013,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29875,
20843,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29926,
23019,
29878,
29895,
4197,
29905,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29875,
2053,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29926,
29962,
4935,
9788,
29892,
4331,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
29965,
29887,
5428,
29963,
29913,
3913,
278,
2114,
393,
779,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29875,
23019,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29875,
1495,
2013,
29878,
29895,
4197,
29905,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29875,
742,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29875,
2314,
2612,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29875,
1495,
2013,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29875,
29905,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29875,
29915,
4935,
13,
13,
23036,
445,
8640,
363,
1432,
395,
29931,
29938,
322,
599,
2094,
397,
414,
322,
1602,
397,
414,
29892,
372,
4477,
393,
779,
5268,
6622,
29905,
6279,
320,
5268,
29918,
29906,
998,
29896,
29906,
29941,
4311,
20175,
29892,
779,
5268,
6622,
29905,
6279,
320,
5268,
29918,
29906,
998,
13535,
4429,
29871,
779,
10956,
29898,
29875,
29892,
29926,
29892,
29895,
1262,
393,
526,
20005,
800,
310,
2427,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29892,
29941,
5767,
607,
10469,
393,
779,
5268,
6622,
29905,
6279,
320,
5268,
29918,
29906,
1504,
4535,
29882,
5589,
320,
29939,
287,
29938,
13,
13,
13,
29905,
2042,
29912,
28831,
320,
999,
29912,
12743,
29901,
3396,
6177,
18319,
310,
15542,
10384,
3097,
500,
320,
1643,
29912,
3471,
29901,
15542,
10384,
3097,
29913,
13,
4806,
1369,
445,
5296,
411,
777,
758,
2576,
3821,
6576,
29889,
13,
29905,
7235,
29912,
29923,
2576,
262,
1218,
22275,
273,
2478,
29913,
13,
2887,
263,
937,
4331,
1235,
502,
27399,
22275,
273,
2478,
29892,
565,
738,
29892,
393,
1863,
297,
278,
4160,
29915,
2625,
29899,
19678,
322,
1261,
4167,
491,
11077,
28005,
4341,
297,
29871,
7555,
1635,
478,
2403,
29895,
29892,
2802,
1635,
478,
2403,
29895,
13090,
1316,
393,
7555,
1635,
501,
2403,
29895,
11759,
741,
1635,
478,
2403,
29895,
742,
2802,
1635,
478,
2403,
29895,
9341,
756,
2989,
1897,
7115,
363,
1269,
395,
29895,
29905,
262,
29961,
29896,
29901,
29941,
22689,
11044,
9247,
29892,
591,
11551,
871,
5608,
368,
7417,
4341,
1363,
278,
9886,
4341,
2845,
2755,
2472,
7429,
491,
263,
1404,
393,
338,
2307,
3625,
304,
278,
1404,
313,
957,
6984,
1546,
779,
6990,
2802,
1635,
478,
2403,
29895,
29905,
5854,
29938,
322,
395,
29871,
320,
6990,
2802,
1635,
478,
2403,
29895,
12764,
5854,
25942,
470,
2472,
393,
338,
2307,
3633,
287,
363,
491,
278,
7417,
4341,
313,
9313,
299,
273,
2478,
2629,
7555,
1635,
478,
2403,
29895,
29938,
470,
2629,
7555,
1635,
478,
2403,
29895,
13090,
467,
6549,
29892,
8151,
1454,
386,
297,
445,
5296,
310,
27012,
3097,
1235,
502,
5251,
29892,
1728,
6410,
310,
2498,
537,
29892,
393,
320,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
320,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
8159,
29918,
10003,
29918,
29965,
29895,
29913,
13,
29905,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
2403,
29895,
29897,
353,
320,
29878,
29895,
4197,
29905,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29895,
742,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29895,
2314,
353,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29895,
1495,
3124,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29895,
3892,
286,
29918,
29895,
29974,
29885,
29918,
29895,
4286,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
13,
29905,
7235,
29912,
3073,
2159,
6081,
29913,
320,
1643,
29912,
1491,
3471,
29901,
2671,
29918,
2311,
29913,
13,
4789,
497,
393,
278,
1108,
883,
2785,
1580,
11057,
263,
1746,
779,
1995,
29912,
29943,
2403,
29939,
1628,
541,
6511,
502,
304,
6755,
278,
1353,
310,
2912,
800,
395,
29931,
29938,
304,
367,
18511,
4208,
408,
263,
3889,
3443,
297,
278,
27012,
519,
11380,
29889,
450,
16082,
297,
278,
7348,
310,
395,
29931,
29938,
297,
2114,
6511,
29871,
1746,
17752,
393,
14240,
278,
6790,
1746,
310,
6931,
515,
779,
1995,
29912,
29943,
2403,
29939,
29938,
304,
779,
1995,
29912,
29943,
3227,
29939,
29985,
29920,
1042,
363,
11472,
395,
29920,
29905,
262,
29905,
1995,
29912,
29999,
2137,
29974,
1504,
29871,
26321,
29892,
2050,
395,
29931,
29922,
29920,
29938,
2912,
800,
29892,
322,
13530,
779,
1646,
16195,
1635,
478,
15609,
29895,
29915,
353,
2802,
1635,
478,
2403,
29895,
29915,
320,
9356,
2802,
1635,
306,
2844,
29920,
29905,
3706,
503,
4429,
779,
1646,
16195,
1635,
478,
15609,
29895,
353,
2802,
1635,
478,
2403,
29895,
320,
9356,
2802,
1635,
306,
2844,
29920,
29905,
3706,
503,
1042,
322,
779,
1646,
16195,
1635,
501,
15609,
29895,
353,
2802,
1635,
501,
2403,
29895,
320,
9356,
2802,
1635,
306,
2844,
29920,
29905,
3706,
503,
1042,
408,
278,
2802,
277,
395,
29920,
4388,
17588,
29913,
310,
278,
10825,
13516,
29892,
988,
779,
9356,
29938,
20169,
278,
7365,
650,
4937,
3234,
29889,
29871,
3384,
866,
779,
1646,
16195,
1635,
1060,
930,
353,
320,
8264,
29912,
2003,
2119,
741,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
5767,
988,
779,
8264,
29912,
2003,
4678,
3822,
1262,
338,
278,
4608,
2133,
740,
29889,
2648,
445,
12640,
29892,
591,
508,
1791,
403,
278,
1108,
1316,
393,
4911,
395,
29895,
29938,
756,
2625,
2472,
779,
1646,
16195,
1635,
1060,
24251,
29911,
29905,
1646,
16195,
1635,
478,
15609,
29895,
13090,
322,
10753,
304,
10272,
779,
1646,
16195,
1635,
1060,
24251,
29911,
29905,
1646,
16195,
1635,
478,
15609,
29895,
29938,
363,
395,
29895,
11759,
29896,
29901,
29941,
25473,
988,
779,
1646,
16195,
1635,
1060,
930,
320,
262,
2802,
15165,
383,
2403,
29939,
998,
5601,
29905,
3706,
29871,
29896,
4429,
779,
1646,
16195,
1635,
478,
15609,
29895,
29915,
320,
262,
2802,
15165,
383,
2403,
29939,
998,
5601,
29905,
3706,
286,
29915,
29920,
1042,
322,
779,
1646,
16195,
1635,
478,
15609,
29895,
320,
262,
2802,
15165,
383,
2403,
29939,
998,
5601,
29905,
3706,
286,
29920,
4311,
2567,
29892,
1951,
779,
1995,
29912,
29943,
2403,
29939,
29938,
338,
263,
1014,
29899,
2671,
310,
779,
1995,
29912,
29943,
3227,
29939,
29985,
29920,
4429,
445,
1108,
338,
7126,
304,
278,
1108,
988,
7555,
1635,
1060,
29913,
320,
262,
2802,
15165,
383,
3227,
29939,
29985,
29920,
2844,
29881,
320,
3706,
29871,
29896,
4429,
7555,
1635,
478,
2403,
29895,
12764,
262,
741,
15165,
383,
3227,
29939,
29985,
29920,
2844,
29881,
29905,
3706,
286,
29915,
1042,
322,
7555,
1635,
478,
2403,
29895,
29905,
262,
741,
15165,
383,
3227,
29939
] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| -0.288614 | 1.94213 | -0.752139 | 0.466487 |
^z}^{d\times m}$ for $L=1$ computation. By considering the elements in ${\Bbb F}_{q^z}$ instead of ${\Bbb F}_{q}$, we have more flexibility in designing schemes by choosing symbols in the extension field to jointly code over $z$ computations. Since the achievable scheme allows joint coding over any $L$ computations, considering $L = L'z$ computations in the original problem with field $\mathbb{F}_{q}$ is equivalent to considering $L'$ computations in the extended field with $\mathbb{F}_{q^z}$. Appendix \ref{app:field_extension} illustrates the idea of field size extension with an example.
\subsection{Useful Lemma}
Next let us introduce a useful lemma.
\begin{lemma} \label{lem:2_complement}
Let $A\in \mathbb{F}_q^{d\times a}, B_1\in \mathbb{F}_q^{d\times b_1}$ and $B_2\in \mathbb{F}_q^{d\times b_2}$ be arbitrary matrices with full column rank (bases), i.e., $\rk(A)=a, \rk(B_1)=b_1, \rk(B_2)=b_2$. Denote $\rk(B_1\mid A) = r_{1|A}$, $\rk(B_2\mid A) = r_{2|A}$ and $\rk([B_1,B_2]\mid A) = r_{1,2|A}$. Then for any non-negative integers $n_1, n_2$ such that $n_1\leq r_{1|A}, n_2\leq r_{2|A}$ and $n_1+n_2\leq r_{1,2|A}$, there exist submatrices of $B_1, B_2$, namely $B_1'\in \mathbb{F}_q^{d\times n_1}$ and $B_2'\in \mathbb{F}_q^{d\times n_2}$, respectively, such that $[A,B_1',B_2']$ has full column rank $a+n_1+n_2$.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
Consider first the case that $n_1+n_2=r_{1,2|A}$. By Steinitz Exchange lemma there exist submatrices $B_1^{(r_{1|A})}, B_2^{(r_{2|A})}$, comprised of $r_{1|A}, r_{2|A}$ columns of $B_1, B_2$, respectively, such that $[A, B_1^{(r_{1|A})}],$ $[A,B_2^{(r_{2|A})}]$ have full column ranks (the superscripts within the parantheses indicate the number of columns). Now, we claim that if $Y^{(a+r_{1|A}+r_{2|A})}=[A, B_1^{(r_{1|A})}, B_2^{(r_{2|A})}]$ does not have full column rank, i.e., $a+r_{1|A}+r_{2|A}>\rk(Y^{(a+r_{1|A}+r_{2|A})})=a+r_{1,2|A}$, then it is always possible to drop a column of $B_1^{(r_{1|A})}$ to yield $Y^{(a+r_{1|A}+r_{2|A}-1)}=[A, B_1^{(r_{1|A}-1)}, B_2^{(r_{2|A})}]$ which has one less column but the same column rank as $Y^{(a+r_{1|A}+r_{2|A})}$. The claim is proved as follows. Since $Y^{(a+r_{1|A}+r_{2|A})}$ does not have full column rank, there exists a non-zero column vector $Z$, such that $Y^{(a+r_{1|A}+r_{2|A})}Z=0_{d\times 1}$. This non-zero vector $Z$ must have more than one non-zero element (because $Y^{(a+r_{1|A}+r_{2|A})}$ has non-zero columns), and at least one of its non-zero elements must be in a row-index that maps to one of the columns of $B_1^{(r_{1|A})}$ (because $[A,
|
[
29985,
29920,
2844,
29881,
29905,
3706,
286,
1042,
363,
395,
29931,
29922,
29896,
29938,
16287,
29889,
2648,
13858,
278,
3161,
297,
7555,
15165,
383,
3227,
29939,
29985,
29920,
1042,
2012,
310,
7555,
15165,
383,
3227,
29939,
4429,
591,
505,
901,
8525,
4127,
297,
2874,
292,
27715,
491,
23906,
15072,
297,
278,
6081,
1746,
304,
14002,
368,
775,
975,
395,
29920,
29938,
2912,
800,
29889,
4001,
278,
29871,
27012,
519,
11380,
6511,
14002,
14137,
975,
738,
395,
29931,
29938,
2912,
800,
29892,
13858,
395,
29931,
353,
365,
29915,
29920,
29938,
2912,
800,
297,
278,
2441,
1108,
411,
1746,
779,
1995,
29912,
29943,
3227,
29939,
1042,
338,
7126,
304,
13858,
395,
29931,
13090,
2912,
800,
297,
278,
10410,
1746,
411,
779,
1995,
29912,
29943,
3227,
29939,
29985,
29920,
4311,
22871,
861,
320,
999,
29912,
932,
29901,
2671,
29918,
17588,
29913,
8632,
1078,
278,
2969,
310,
1746,
2159,
6081,
411,
385,
1342,
29889,
13,
13,
29905,
7235,
29912,
11403,
1319,
11894,
29913,
13,
9190,
1235,
502,
14944,
263,
5407,
10383,
29889,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
13846,
29913,
320,
1643,
29912,
2409,
29901,
29906,
29918,
510,
2037,
29913,
13,
12,
12024,
395,
29909,
29905,
262,
320,
1995,
29912,
29943,
2403,
29939,
998,
29881,
29905,
3706,
263,
1118,
350,
29918,
29896,
29905,
262,
320,
1995,
29912,
29943,
2403,
29939,
998,
29881,
29905,
3706,
289,
29918,
29896,
1042,
322,
395,
29933,
29918,
29906,
29905,
262,
320,
1995,
29912,
29943,
2403,
29939,
998,
29881,
29905,
3706,
289,
29918,
29906,
1042,
367,
11472,
13516,
411,
2989,
1897,
7115,
313,
29890,
2129,
511,
474,
29889,
29872,
1696,
779,
29878,
29895,
29898,
29909,
3892,
29874,
29892,
320,
29878,
29895,
29898,
29933,
29918,
29896,
3892,
29890,
29918,
29896,
29892,
320,
29878,
29895,
29898,
29933,
29918,
29906,
3892,
29890,
29918,
29906,
1504,
3384,
866,
779,
29878,
29895,
29898,
29933,
29918,
29896,
29905,
6563,
319,
29897,
353,
364,
648,
29896,
29989,
29909,
4429,
779,
29878,
29895,
29898,
29933,
29918,
29906,
29905,
6563,
319,
29897,
353,
364,
648,
29906,
29989,
29909,
1042,
322,
779,
29878,
29895,
4197,
29933,
29918,
29896,
29892,
29933,
29918,
29906,
10725,
6563,
319,
29897,
353,
364,
648,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29989,
29909,
4311,
1987,
363,
738,
1661,
29899,
22198,
11920,
395,
29876,
29918,
29896,
29892,
302,
29918,
29906,
29938,
1316,
393,
395,
29876,
29918,
29896,
29905,
3797,
364,
648,
29896,
29989,
29909,
1118,
302,
29918,
29906,
29905,
3797,
364,
648,
29906,
29989,
29909,
1042,
322,
395,
29876,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29876,
29918,
29906,
29905,
3797,
364,
648,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29989,
29909,
4429,
727,
1863,
1014,
2922,
11669,
310,
395,
29933,
29918,
29896,
29892,
350,
29918,
29906,
1628,
18451,
395,
29933,
29918,
29896,
12764,
262,
320,
1995,
29912,
29943,
2403,
29939,
998,
29881,
29905,
3706,
302,
29918,
29896,
1042,
322,
395,
29933,
29918,
29906,
12764,
262,
320,
1995,
29912,
29943,
2403,
29939,
998,
29881,
29905,
3706,
302,
29918,
29906,
4429,
8307,
29892,
1316,
393,
11970,
29909,
29892,
29933,
29918,
29896,
742,
29933,
29918,
29906,
2033,
29938,
756,
2989,
1897,
7115,
395,
29874,
29974,
29876,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29876,
29918,
29906,
1504,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
13846,
29913,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
8017,
29913,
13,
13696,
1241,
937,
278,
1206,
393,
395,
29876,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29876,
29918,
29906,
29922,
29878,
648,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29989,
29909,
4311,
2648,
2443,
2344,
29920,
24004,
10383,
727,
1863,
1014,
2922,
11669,
395,
29933,
29918,
29896,
7650,
29878,
648,
29896,
29989,
29909,
1800,
1118,
350,
29918,
29906,
7650,
29878,
648,
29906,
29989,
29909,
1800,
4429,
7199,
3368,
310,
395,
29878,
648,
29896,
29989,
29909,
1118,
364,
648,
29906,
29989,
29909,
1042,
4341,
310,
395,
29933,
29918,
29896,
29892,
350,
29918,
29906,
1628,
29871,
8307,
29892,
1316,
393,
11970,
29909,
29892,
350,
29918,
29896,
7650,
29878,
648,
29896,
29989,
29909,
1800,
29913,
1402,
29938,
11970,
29909,
29892,
29933,
29918,
29906,
7650,
29878,
648,
29906,
29989,
29909,
1800,
6525,
29938,
505,
2989,
1897,
27871,
313,
1552,
480,
6774,
924,
29879,
2629,
278,
610,
9716,
21523,
12266,
278,
1353,
310,
4341,
467,
2567,
29892,
591,
5995,
393,
565,
395,
29979,
7650,
29874,
29974,
29878,
648,
29896,
29989,
29909,
7517,
29878,
648,
29906,
29989,
29909,
1800,
5369,
29961,
29909,
29892,
350,
29918,
29896,
7650,
29878,
648,
29896,
29989,
29909,
1800,
1118,
350,
29918,
29906,
7650,
29878,
648,
29906,
29989,
29909,
1800,
6525,
29938,
947,
451,
505,
2989,
1897,
7115,
29892,
474,
29889,
29872,
1696,
395,
29874,
29974,
29878,
648,
29896,
29989,
29909,
7517,
29878,
648,
29906,
29989,
29909,
29913,
14247,
29878,
29895,
29898,
29979,
7650,
29874,
29974,
29878,
648,
29896,
29989,
29909,
7517,
29878,
648,
29906,
29989,
29909,
1800,
1800,
29922,
29874,
29974,
29878,
648,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29989,
29909,
4429,
29871,
769,
372,
338,
2337,
1950,
304,
5768,
263,
1897,
310,
29871,
395,
29933,
29918,
29896,
7650,
29878,
648,
29896,
29989,
29909,
1800,
1042,
304,
7709,
395,
29979,
7650,
29874,
29974,
29878,
648,
29896,
29989,
29909,
7517,
29878,
648,
29906,
29989,
29909,
7402,
29896,
2915,
11759,
29909,
29892,
350,
29918,
29896,
7650,
29878,
648,
29896,
29989,
29909,
7402,
29896,
19230,
350,
29918,
29906,
7650,
29878,
648,
29906,
29989,
29909,
1800,
6525,
29938,
607,
756,
697,
3109,
1897,
541,
278,
1021,
1897,
7115,
408,
395,
29979,
7650,
29874,
29974,
29878,
648,
29896,
29989,
29909,
7517,
29878,
648,
29906,
29989,
29909,
1800,
4311,
450,
5995,
338,
11827,
408,
4477,
29889,
4001,
395,
29979,
7650,
29874,
29974,
29878,
648,
29896,
29989,
29909,
7517,
29878,
648,
29906,
29989,
29909,
1800,
1042,
947,
451,
505,
2989,
1897,
7115,
29892,
727,
4864,
263,
1661,
29899,
9171,
1897,
4608,
395,
29999,
1628,
1316,
393,
395,
29979,
7650,
29874,
29974,
29878,
648,
29896,
29989,
29909,
7517,
29878,
648,
29906,
29989,
29909,
1800,
29913,
29999,
29922,
29900,
648,
29881,
29905,
3706,
29871,
29896,
4311,
910,
1661,
29899,
9171,
29871,
4608,
395,
29999,
29938,
1818,
505,
901,
1135,
697,
1661,
29899,
9171,
1543,
313,
18103,
395,
29979,
7650,
29874,
29974,
29878,
648,
29896,
29989,
29909,
7517,
29878,
648,
29906,
29989,
29909,
1800,
1042,
756,
1661,
29899,
9171,
4341,
511,
322,
472,
3203,
697,
310,
967,
1661,
29899,
9171,
3161,
1818,
367,
297,
263,
1948,
29899,
2248,
393,
11053,
304,
697,
310,
278,
4341,
310,
395,
29933,
29918,
29896,
7650,
29878,
648,
29896,
29989,
29909,
1800,
1042,
313,
18103,
11970,
29909,
29892
] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| -0.329369 | 2.009614 | -0.648132 | 0.506963 |
B_2^{(r_{2|A})}]$ has full column rank). This column of $B_1^{(r_{1|A})}$ can be dropped because it is spanned by the remaining columns of $Y^{(a+r_{1|A}+r_{2|A})}$ that are selected by the support of $Z$, so that $Y^{(a+r_{1|A}+r_{2|A}-1)}$ has the same rank as $Y^{(a+r_{1|A}+r_{2|A})}$. The same claim holds for $B_2^{(r_{2|A})}$ as well. Repeating this argument we can drop columns of $B_1^{(r_{1|A})}, B_2^{(r_{2|A})}$, one-by-one, in any order we wish, until we meet the target values $n_1, n_2$ at which point the resulting matrix $[A, B_1', B_2']$ has full column rank, equal to $a+r_{1,2|A}$. Finally, if $n_1+n_2<r_{1,2|A}$, then we continue the process for an additional $r_{1,2|A}-(n_1+n_2)$ steps, but each additional column that is dropped now reduces both the rank and the number of columns by $1$, until $B_1', B_2'$ are left with only $n_1,n_2$ columns, respectively, and $\rk(Y^{(a+r_{1|A}+r_{2|A})})=a+r_{1,2|A}-(r_{1,2|A}-(n_1+n_2))=a+n_1+n_2$.\end{proof}
Let us also note the following direct corollary of Lemma \ref{lem:2_complement} which will be used multiple times in our construction of the achievable scheme.
\begin{corollary} \label{cor:1_complement}
Let $A\in \mathbb{F}_q^{d\times a}$ and $B\in \mathbb{F}_q^{d\times b}$ be arbitrary matrices with full column rank (bases), i.e., $\rk(A)=a, \rk(B)=b$. Denote $\rk(B\mid A) = r$. Then for any non-negative integer $n$ such that $n\leq r$, there exists a submatrix of $B$, namely $B'\in \mathbb{F}_q^{d\times n}$ such that $[A,B']$ has full column rank $a+n$.
\end{corollary}
\begin{proof}
Corollary \ref{cor:1_complement} is implied by Lemma \ref{lem:2_complement}, by mapping $A$, $B$ here to $A$, $B_1$ in Lemma \ref{lem:2_complement}, respectively, and setting $b_2$ = 0.
\end{proof}
\subsection{Construction of the Optimal Broadcast Scheme}
The construction of the optimal broadcast information follows the formulation of Theorem \ref{thm:LP} and the depiction in Figure \ref{fig:venn2}. At a high level, the goal is to construct a scheme that broadcasts $\lambda_{123}$ dimensions that are simultaneously useful to all $3$ users ($3$ birds, $1$ stone), $\lambda_{ij}$ dimensions that are simultaneously useful to Users $i,j$ ($2$ birds, $1$ stone) for $(i,j)\in\{(1,2),(1,3),(2,3)\}$, and $\lambda$ dimensions that are of the type ($3$ birds, $2$ stones), i.e., where transmission of $2$ dimensions collectively satisfies $1$ demand dimension for every user. For this construction, consider non-negative integers $\lambda_{123}, \lambda_{12}, \lambda_{13}, \lambda_{23}, \lambda$ that satisfy the constraints \eqref{eq:constraintfirst}-\eqref{eq:constraintlast} specified in Theorem \ref{thm:LP}.
Let us start with the ($3$ birds, $1$ stone) component of the construction, and for now let us focus on User $1$. Some adjustments will be necessary eventually to make the scheme work for all $3$ users. We wish to broadcast $\lambda_{123}$ dimensions for this ($3$ birds, $1$ stone) component of our scheme, but it remains to determine
|
[
350,
29918,
29906,
7650,
29878,
648,
29906,
29989,
29909,
1800,
6525,
29938,
756,
2989,
1897,
7115,
467,
910,
1897,
310,
395,
29933,
29918,
29896,
7650,
29878,
648,
29896,
29989,
29909,
1800,
1042,
508,
367,
13700,
1363,
372,
338,
805,
11310,
491,
278,
9886,
4341,
310,
395,
29979,
7650,
29874,
29974,
29878,
648,
29896,
29989,
29909,
7517,
29878,
648,
29906,
29989,
29909,
1800,
1042,
393,
526,
4629,
491,
278,
2304,
310,
395,
29999,
1628,
577,
393,
395,
29979,
7650,
29874,
29974,
29878,
648,
29896,
29989,
29909,
7517,
29878,
648,
29906,
29989,
29909,
7402,
29896,
15604,
756,
278,
1021,
7115,
408,
395,
29979,
7650,
29874,
29974,
29878,
648,
29896,
29989,
29909,
7517,
29878,
648,
29906,
29989,
29909,
1800,
4311,
450,
1021,
5995,
8640,
363,
395,
29933,
29918,
29906,
7650,
29878,
648,
29906,
29989,
29909,
1800,
1042,
408,
1532,
29889,
830,
412,
1218,
445,
2980,
591,
508,
5768,
4341,
310,
395,
29933,
29918,
29896,
7650,
29878,
648,
29896,
29989,
29909,
1800,
1118,
350,
29918,
29906,
7650,
29878,
648,
29906,
29989,
29909,
1800,
4429,
697,
29899,
1609,
29899,
650,
29892,
297,
738,
1797,
591,
6398,
29892,
2745,
591,
5870,
278,
3646,
1819,
395,
29876,
29918,
29896,
29892,
302,
29918,
29906,
29938,
472,
607,
1298,
278,
9819,
4636,
11970,
29909,
29892,
350,
29918,
29896,
742,
350,
29918,
29906,
2033,
29938,
756,
2989,
1897,
7115,
29892,
5186,
304,
395,
29874,
29974,
29878,
648,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29989,
29909,
4311,
9788,
29892,
565,
395,
29876,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29876,
29918,
29906,
29966,
29878,
648,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29989,
29909,
4429,
769,
591,
6773,
278,
1889,
363,
385,
5684,
395,
29878,
648,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29989,
29909,
7402,
29898,
29876,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29876,
29918,
29906,
1262,
6576,
29892,
541,
1269,
5684,
1897,
393,
338,
13700,
1286,
26830,
1716,
278,
7115,
322,
278,
1353,
310,
4341,
491,
395,
29896,
1628,
2745,
395,
29933,
29918,
29896,
742,
350,
29918,
29906,
13090,
526,
2175,
411,
871,
395,
29876,
29918,
29896,
29892,
29876,
29918,
29906,
29938,
4341,
29892,
8307,
29892,
322,
779,
29878,
29895,
29898,
29979,
7650,
29874,
29974,
29878,
648,
29896,
29989,
29909,
7517,
29878,
648,
29906,
29989,
29909,
1800,
1800,
29922,
29874,
29974,
29878,
648,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29989,
29909,
7402,
29898,
29878,
648,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29989,
29909,
7402,
29898,
29876,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29876,
29918,
29906,
876,
29922,
29874,
29974,
29876,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29876,
29918,
29906,
1504,
29905,
355,
29912,
8017,
29913,
13,
13,
12024,
502,
884,
4443,
278,
1494,
1513,
1034,
21982,
310,
11894,
320,
999,
29912,
2409,
29901,
29906,
29918,
510,
2037,
29913,
607,
674,
367,
1304,
2999,
3064,
297,
1749,
7632,
310,
278,
27012,
519,
11380,
29889,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2616,
21982,
29913,
320,
1643,
29912,
2616,
29901,
29896,
29918,
510,
2037,
29913,
13,
12,
12024,
395,
29909,
29905,
262,
320,
1995,
29912,
29943,
2403,
29939,
998,
29881,
29905,
3706,
263,
1042,
322,
395,
29933,
29905,
262,
320,
1995,
29912,
29943,
2403,
29939,
998,
29881,
29905,
3706,
289,
1042,
367,
11472,
13516,
411,
2989,
1897,
7115,
313,
29890,
2129,
511,
474,
29889,
29872,
1696,
779,
29878,
29895,
29898,
29909,
3892,
29874,
29892,
320,
29878,
29895,
29898,
29933,
3892,
29890,
1504,
29871,
3384,
866,
779,
29878,
29895,
29898,
29933,
29905,
6563,
319,
29897,
353,
364,
1504,
1987,
363,
738,
1661,
29899,
22198,
6043,
395,
29876,
29938,
1316,
393,
395,
29876,
29905,
3797,
364,
1628,
727,
4864,
263,
1014,
5344,
310,
395,
29933,
1628,
18451,
395,
29933,
12764,
262,
320,
1995,
29912,
29943,
2403,
29939,
998,
29881,
29905,
3706,
302,
1042,
1316,
393,
11970,
29909,
29892,
29933,
2033,
29938,
756,
2989,
1897,
7115,
395,
29874,
29974,
29876,
1504,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2616,
21982,
29913,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
8017,
29913,
13,
12,
12521,
21982,
320,
999,
29912,
2616,
29901,
29896,
29918,
510,
2037,
29913,
338,
2411,
2957,
491,
11894,
320,
999,
29912,
2409,
29901,
29906,
29918,
510,
2037,
1118,
491,
10417,
395,
29909,
1628,
395,
29933,
29938,
1244,
304,
395,
29909,
1628,
395,
29933,
29918,
29896,
29938,
297,
11894,
320,
999,
29912,
2409,
29901,
29906,
29918,
510,
2037,
1118,
8307,
29892,
322,
4444,
395,
29890,
29918,
29906,
29938,
353,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29871,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
8017,
29913,
13,
13,
29905,
7235,
29912,
12075,
4080,
310,
278,
20693,
3039,
25484,
1102,
2004,
29913,
13,
1576,
7632,
310,
278,
14413,
12672,
2472,
4477,
278,
883,
2785,
310,
10244,
320,
999,
29912,
12743,
29901,
13208,
29913,
322,
278,
1401,
2463,
297,
11479,
320,
999,
29912,
1003,
29901,
854,
29876,
29906,
1836,
2180,
263,
1880,
3233,
29892,
278,
7306,
338,
304,
3386,
263,
11380,
393,
12672,
29879,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1042,
13391,
393,
526,
21699,
5407,
304,
599,
395,
29941,
29938,
4160,
3255,
29941,
29938,
17952,
29892,
395,
29896,
29938,
12565,
511,
779,
2892,
648,
823,
1042,
13391,
393,
526,
21699,
5407,
304,
23861,
395,
29875,
29892,
29926,
29938,
3255,
29906,
29938,
17952,
29892,
395,
29896,
29938,
12565,
29897,
363,
2427,
29875,
29892,
29926,
2144,
262,
29905,
8001,
29896,
29892,
29906,
21336,
29896,
29892,
29941,
21336,
29906,
29892,
29941,
2144,
4429,
322,
779,
2892,
29938,
13391,
393,
526,
310,
278,
1134,
3255,
29941,
29938,
17952,
29892,
395,
29906,
29938,
25702,
511,
474,
29889,
29872,
1696,
988,
22713,
310,
395,
29906,
29938,
13391,
6314,
3598,
17150,
395,
29896,
29938,
9667,
9927,
363,
1432,
1404,
29889,
1152,
445,
7632,
29892,
2050,
1661,
29899,
22198,
11920,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1118,
320,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
1118,
320,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
1118,
320,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
1118,
320,
2892,
29938,
393,
15523,
278,
11938,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
4102,
12775,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
4230,
29913,
6790,
297,
10244,
320,
999,
29912,
12743,
29901,
13208,
1836,
13,
13,
12024,
502,
1369,
411,
278,
3255,
29941,
29938,
17952,
29892,
395,
29896,
29938,
12565,
29897,
4163,
310,
278,
7632,
29892,
322,
363,
1286,
1235,
502,
8569,
373,
4911,
395,
29896,
1504,
3834,
10365,
1860,
674,
367,
5181,
10201,
304,
1207,
278,
11380,
664,
363,
599,
395,
29941,
29938,
4160,
29889,
1334,
6398,
304,
12672,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1042,
13391,
363,
445,
3255,
29941,
29938,
17952,
29892,
395,
29896,
29938,
12565,
29897,
4163,
310,
1749,
11380,
29892,
541,
372,
9242,
304,
8161
] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| -0.257877 | 1.869454 | -1.010364 | 0.380475 |
the actual information to be transmitted. For this, let us recall Corollary \ref{cor:1_complement}, which guarantees that there exists a submatrix of ${\bf U}_{123}$, namely ${\bf U}_{123}^{(\lambda_{123})}\in\mathbb{F}_{q^z}^{d\times \lambda_{123}}$, such that the following matrix has full column rank,
\begin{align}
\rk([{\bf V}_1',{\bf U}_{123}^{(\lambda_{123})}])=m_1'+\lambda_{123}.
\end{align}
Broadcasting ${\bf X}^T{\bf U}_{123}^{(\lambda_{123})}$ would help User $1$ acquire $\lambda_{123}$ desired dimensions based on his side-information ${\bf X}^T\bV_1'$.
As a cautionary note, let us point out that this particular ${\bf U}_{123}^{(\lambda_{123})}$ which is useful for User $1$ may not be useful for User $2$ or User $3$, i.e., $[{\bf V}_k',{\bf U}_{123}^{(\lambda_{123})}]$ may not have full column rank for $k=2,3$. One can similarly find submatrices of ${\bf U}_{123}$ of size (number of columns) $\lambda_{123}$ that are useful for User $2$, or $3$ individually, but in general these will be different matrices. In the end the challenge will be to find the \emph{same} matrix that is useful for all three users. For now we ignore this challenge and proceed with only User $1$ as our focus.
Next, consider the ($2$ birds, $1$ stone) components, specifically let us find $\lambda_{12}$ dimensions within $\langle\bU_{12}\rangle$, and another $\lambda_{13}$ dimensions within $\langle \bU_{13}\rangle$ that will be useful to User $1$, conditioned on the user's side information $\bV_1'$. Letting $A = [{\bf V}_1',{\bf U}_{123}^{(\lambda_{123})}]$, $B_1 = {\bf U}_{12}$ and $B_2 = {\bf U}_{13}$ in Lemma \ref{lem:2_complement}, we have $a = m_1'+\lambda_{123}$, $r_{1|A}=\rk(\bU_{12}\mid \bV_1')-\lambda_{123}$, $r_{2|A}= \rk(\bU_{13}\mid \bV_1')-\lambda_{123}$, and $r_{1,2|A} = \rk([\bU_{12},\bU_{13}]\mid \bV_1')-\lambda_{123}$. Then according to Lemma \ref{lem:2_complement}, there exists a submatrix of ${\bf U}_{12}$, namely, ${\bf U}_{12}^{(\lambda_{12})} \in {\Bbb F}_{q^z}^{d\times \lambda_{12}}$, and a submatrix of ${\bf U}_{13}$, namely, ${\bf U}_{13}^{(\lambda_{13})} \in {\Bbb F}_{q^z}^{d\times \lambda_{13}}$,
such that the following matrix has full column rank,
\begin{align}
\rk([{{\bf V}_1'}, {\bf U}_{123}^{(\lambda_{123})}, {\bf U}_{12}^{(\lambda_{12})}, {\bf U}_{13}^{(\lambda_{13})}])&=m_1'+\lambda_{123}+\lambda_{12}+\lambda_{13}.
\end{align}
Once again, note that these choices may not work for Users $2, 3$, so that challenge remains to be overcome later.
Next, consider the ($2$ stones, $3$ birds) component of the scheme. Keeping our focus on User $1$, let us find $\lambda$ dimensions of broadcast information from the subspace $\langle\bU_{1(2,3)} \rangle$ that will be useful for User $1$. Since we only consider parameters that satisfy the conditions in Theorem \ref{thm:LP}, which include in particular \eqref{eq:condlambda1(23)}, it follows that $\lambda\leq \rk(\bU
|
[
278,
3935,
2472,
304,
367,
18750,
4430,
29889,
1152,
445,
29892,
1235,
502,
17386,
2994,
21982,
320,
999,
29912,
2616,
29901,
29896,
29918,
510,
2037,
1118,
607,
10509,
267,
393,
727,
4864,
263,
1014,
5344,
310,
7555,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
4429,
18451,
7555,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
2844,
1194,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1800,
1012,
262,
29905,
1995,
29912,
29943,
3227,
29939,
29985,
29920,
2844,
29881,
29905,
3706,
320,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
27206,
29871,
1316,
393,
278,
1494,
4636,
756,
2989,
1897,
7115,
29892,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
29905,
29878,
29895,
4197,
741,
1635,
478,
2403,
29896,
742,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
2844,
1194,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1800,
29913,
2314,
29922,
29885,
29918,
29896,
29915,
3124,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1836,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
29933,
9972,
4384,
292,
7555,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
2844,
1194,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1800,
1042,
723,
1371,
4911,
395,
29896,
29938,
1274,
1548,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1042,
7429,
13391,
2729,
373,
670,
2625,
29899,
19678,
7555,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
29905,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
29915,
1504,
13,
13,
2887,
263,
5777,
918,
653,
4443,
29892,
1235,
502,
1298,
714,
393,
445,
3153,
7555,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
2844,
1194,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1800,
1042,
607,
338,
5407,
363,
4911,
395,
29896,
29938,
1122,
451,
367,
5407,
363,
4911,
395,
29906,
29938,
470,
4911,
395,
29941,
1628,
474,
29889,
29872,
1696,
11970,
741,
1635,
478,
2403,
29895,
742,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
2844,
1194,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1800,
6525,
29938,
1122,
451,
505,
2989,
1897,
7115,
363,
395,
29895,
29922,
29906,
29892,
29941,
1504,
3118,
508,
22829,
1284,
1014,
2922,
11669,
310,
7555,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1042,
310,
2159,
313,
4537,
310,
4341,
29897,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1042,
393,
526,
5407,
363,
4911,
395,
29906,
1628,
470,
395,
29941,
29938,
29689,
29892,
541,
297,
2498,
1438,
674,
367,
1422,
13516,
29889,
512,
278,
1095,
278,
18766,
674,
367,
304,
1284,
278,
320,
7278,
29912,
17642,
29913,
4636,
393,
338,
5407,
363,
599,
2211,
4160,
29889,
1152,
1286,
591,
11455,
445,
18766,
322,
8469,
411,
871,
4911,
395,
29896,
29938,
408,
1749,
8569,
29889,
13,
13,
9190,
29892,
2050,
278,
3255,
29906,
29938,
17952,
29892,
395,
29896,
29938,
12565,
29897,
7117,
29892,
10816,
1235,
502,
1284,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
1042,
29871,
13391,
2629,
779,
6990,
29905,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29906,
1012,
5854,
1628,
322,
1790,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
1042,
13391,
2629,
779,
6990,
320,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29941,
1012,
5854,
29938,
393,
674,
367,
5407,
304,
4911,
395,
29896,
1628,
4195,
287,
373,
278,
1404,
29915,
29879,
2625,
2472,
779,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
29915,
1504,
2803,
1259,
395,
29909,
353,
518,
741,
1635,
478,
2403,
29896,
742,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
2844,
1194,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1800,
6525,
1628,
395,
29933,
29918,
29896,
353,
2802,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
1042,
322,
395,
29933,
29918,
29906,
353,
2802,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29941,
1042,
297,
11894,
320,
999,
29912,
2409,
29901,
29906,
29918,
510,
2037,
1118,
591,
505,
395,
29874,
353,
286,
29918,
29896,
29915,
3124,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
4429,
395,
29878,
648,
29896,
29989,
29909,
8738,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29906,
1012,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
1495,
2612,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
4429,
395,
29878,
648,
29906,
29989,
29909,
5369,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29941,
1012,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
1495,
2612,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
4429,
322,
395,
29878,
648,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29989,
29909,
29913,
353,
320,
29878,
29895,
4197,
29905,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29906,
7570,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29941,
6525,
29905,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
1495,
2612,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
4311,
1987,
5034,
304,
11894,
320,
999,
29912,
2409,
29901,
29906,
29918,
510,
2037,
1118,
727,
4864,
263,
1014,
5344,
310,
7555,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
4429,
18451,
29892,
7555,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
2844,
1194,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
1800,
29913,
320,
262,
2802,
15165,
383,
3227,
29939,
29985,
29920,
2844,
29881,
29905,
3706,
320,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
27206,
322,
263,
1014,
5344,
310,
7555,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29941,
4429,
18451,
29892,
7555,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29941,
2844,
1194,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
1800,
29913,
320,
262,
2802,
15165,
383,
3227,
29939,
29985,
29920,
2844,
29881,
29905,
3706,
320,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
27206,
13,
14565,
393,
278,
1494,
4636,
756,
2989,
1897,
7115,
29892,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
12,
29905,
29878,
29895,
4197,
16195,
1635,
478,
2403,
29896,
16675,
2802,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
2844,
1194,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1800,
1118,
2802,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
2844,
1194,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
1800,
1118,
2802,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29941,
2844,
1194,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
1800,
29913,
2314,
20644,
29885,
29918,
29896,
29915,
3124,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
1836,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
26222,
1449,
29892,
4443,
393,
1438,
19995,
1122,
451,
664,
363,
23861,
395,
29906,
29892,
29871,
29941,
1628,
577,
393,
18766,
9242,
304,
367,
25688,
2678,
29889,
13,
13,
9190,
29892,
2050,
278,
3255,
29906,
29938,
25702,
29892,
395,
29941,
29938,
17952,
29897,
4163,
310,
278,
11380,
29889,
19152,
292,
1749,
8569,
373,
4911,
395,
29896,
1628,
1235,
502,
1284,
779,
2892,
29938,
13391,
310,
12672,
2472,
515,
278,
1014,
3493,
779,
6990,
29905,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29892,
29941,
2915,
320,
5854,
29938,
393,
674,
367,
5407,
363,
4911,
395,
29896,
1504,
4001,
591,
871,
2050,
4128,
393,
15523,
278,
5855,
297,
10244,
320,
999,
29912,
12743,
29901,
13208,
1118,
607,
3160,
297,
3153,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
1116,
2892,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29941,
19230,
372,
4477,
393,
779,
2892,
29905,
3797,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965
] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| 0.086171 | 2.227642 | -0.433842 | 0.519612 |
_{1(2,3)}\mid \bV_1')-\lambda_{12}-\lambda_{13}-\lambda_{123}$ by definition. Letting $A = [{{\bf V}_1'}, {\bf U}_{123}^{(\lambda_{123})}, {\bf U}_{12}^{(\lambda_{12})}, {\bf U}_{13}^{(\lambda_{13})}]$, $B = {\bf U}_{1(2,3)}$ in Corollary \ref{cor:1_complement}, we have $a=m_1'+\lambda_{123}+\lambda_{12}+\lambda_{13}$ and $r= \rk(\bU_{1(2,3)}\mid \bV_1')-\lambda_{12}-\lambda_{13}-\lambda_{123}\geq \lambda$. Then Corollary \ref{cor:1_complement} implies that there exists a submatrix of ${\bf U}_{1(2,3)}$, namely, ${\bf U}_{1(2,3)}^{(\lambda)} \in {\Bbb F}_{q^z}^{d\times \lambda}$ such that the following matrix has full column rank,
\begin{align}
\rk([{{\bf V}_1'}, {\bf U}_{123}^{(\lambda_{123})}, {\bf U}_{12}^{(\lambda_{12})}, {\bf U}_{13}^{(\lambda_{13})}, {\bf U}_{1(2,3)}^{(\lambda)}])&=m_1'+\lambda_{123}+\lambda_{12}+\lambda_{13}+\lambda.
\end{align}
Next, by letting $A$ be the above matrix and $B={\bf U}_1$ in Corollary \ref{cor:1_complement}, we have $a = m_1'+\lambda_{123}+\lambda_{12}+\lambda_{13}+\lambda$, $r = \rk(\bU_1\mid \bV_1') - (\lambda_{123}+\lambda_{12}+\lambda_{13}+\lambda) = m_1-(\lambda_{123}+\lambda_{12}+\lambda_{13}+\lambda) \triangleq t_1$. Then by Corollary \ref{cor:1_complement}, there exists a submatrix of ${\bf U}_1$, namely, ${\bf U}_1^{(t_1)} \in {\Bbb F}_{q^z}^{d\times t_1}$ such that the following matrix has full column rank.
\begin{align} \label{eq:mat_user1}
\rk([{{\bf V}_1'}, {\bf U}_{123}^{(\lambda_{123})}, {\bf U}_{12}^{(\lambda_{12})}, {\bf U}_{13}^{(\lambda_{13})}, {\bf U}_{1(2,3)}^{(\lambda)}, {\bf U}_1^{(t_1)}])&=m_1+m_1',
\end{align}
which implies that it is a basis of $\langle {\bf U}_1 \rangle$ since each column of the matrix is in $\langle {\bf U}_1 \rangle$.
Finally, in Corollary \ref{cor:1_complement} let $A$ be the matrix in \eqref{eq:mat_user1} and $B = {\bf I}^{d\times d}$ be the $d\times d$ identity matrix. We have $a = m_1+m_1'$ and $r = d-m_1-m_1'$. Then by Corollary \ref{cor:1_complement}, there exists a submatrix of ${\bf I}^{d\times d}$, namely, ${\bf Z}_1 \in {\Bbb F}_{q^z}^{d\times (d-m_1-m_1')}$ such that the following $d\times d$ matrix has full rank.
\begin{align}\label{eq:det_user1local}
\rk([{{\bf V}_1'}, {\bf U}_{123}^{(\lambda_{123})}, {\bf U}_{12}^{(\lambda_{12})}, {\bf U}_{13}^{(\lambda_{13})}, {\bf U}_{1(2,3)}^{(\lambda)}, {\bf U}_1^{(t_1)}, {\bf Z}_1])&=d.
\end{align}
In particular, the determinant of the matrix is non-zero.
The following step allows a mixing of information, leading to a random-coding argument
|
[
648,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29892,
29941,
11383,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
1495,
2612,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
12775,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
12775,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1042,
491,
5023,
29889,
2803,
1259,
395,
29909,
353,
15974,
741,
1635,
478,
2403,
29896,
16675,
2802,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
2844,
1194,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1800,
1118,
2802,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
2844,
1194,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
1800,
1118,
2802,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29941,
2844,
1194,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
1800,
6525,
1628,
395,
29933,
353,
2802,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29892,
29941,
15604,
297,
2994,
21982,
320,
999,
29912,
2616,
29901,
29896,
29918,
510,
2037,
1118,
591,
505,
395,
29874,
29922,
29885,
29918,
29896,
29915,
3124,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
1042,
322,
395,
29878,
29922,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29892,
29941,
11383,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
1495,
2612,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
12775,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
12775,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1012,
6279,
320,
2892,
1504,
1987,
2994,
21982,
320,
999,
29912,
2616,
29901,
29896,
29918,
510,
2037,
29913,
10469,
393,
727,
4864,
263,
1014,
5344,
310,
7555,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29892,
29941,
29897,
4429,
18451,
29892,
7555,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29892,
29941,
29897,
2844,
1194,
2892,
2915,
320,
262,
2802,
15165,
383,
3227,
29939,
29985,
29920,
2844,
29881,
29905,
3706,
320,
2892,
1042,
1316,
393,
278,
1494,
4636,
756,
2989,
1897,
7115,
29892,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
12,
29905,
29878,
29895,
4197,
16195,
1635,
478,
2403,
29896,
16675,
2802,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
2844,
1194,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1800,
1118,
2802,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
2844,
1194,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
1800,
1118,
2802,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29941,
2844,
1194,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
1800,
1118,
2802,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29892,
29941,
29897,
2844,
1194,
2892,
2915,
2314,
20644,
29885,
29918,
29896,
29915,
3124,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
10869,
2892,
29889,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
9190,
29892,
491,
27697,
395,
29909,
29938,
367,
278,
2038,
4636,
322,
395,
29933,
21854,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
29938,
297,
2994,
21982,
320,
999,
29912,
2616,
29901,
29896,
29918,
510,
2037,
1118,
591,
505,
395,
29874,
353,
286,
29918,
29896,
29915,
3124,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
10869,
2892,
1628,
395,
29878,
353,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
29918,
29896,
29905,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
1495,
448,
3441,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
10869,
2892,
29897,
353,
286,
29918,
29896,
29899,
1194,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
10869,
2892,
29897,
320,
26701,
29939,
260,
29918,
29896,
1504,
1987,
491,
2994,
21982,
320,
999,
29912,
2616,
29901,
29896,
29918,
510,
2037,
1118,
727,
4864,
263,
1014,
5344,
310,
7555,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
1628,
18451,
29892,
7555,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
7650,
29873,
29918,
29896,
2915,
320,
262,
2802,
15165,
383,
3227,
29939,
29985,
29920,
2844,
29881,
29905,
3706,
260,
29918,
29896,
1042,
1316,
393,
278,
1494,
4636,
756,
2989,
1897,
7115,
29889,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
320,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
2922,
29918,
1792,
29896,
29913,
13,
12,
29905,
29878,
29895,
4197,
16195,
1635,
478,
2403,
29896,
16675,
2802,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
2844,
1194,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1800,
1118,
2802,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
2844,
1194,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
1800,
1118,
2802,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29941,
2844,
1194,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
1800,
1118,
2802,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29892,
29941,
29897,
2844,
1194,
2892,
19230,
2802,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
7650,
29873,
29918,
29896,
2915,
2314,
20644,
29885,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29885,
29918,
29896,
742,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
4716,
10469,
393,
372,
338,
263,
8405,
310,
779,
6990,
2802,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
320,
5854,
29938,
1951,
1269,
1897,
310,
278,
4636,
338,
297,
779,
6990,
2802,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
320,
5854,
1504,
13,
13,
12881,
635,
29892,
297,
2994,
21982,
320,
999,
29912,
2616,
29901,
29896,
29918,
510,
2037,
29913,
1235,
395,
29909,
29938,
367,
278,
4636,
297,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
2922,
29918,
1792,
29896,
29913,
322,
395,
29933,
353,
2802,
1635,
306,
2844,
29881,
29905,
3706,
270,
1042,
367,
278,
395,
29881,
29905,
3706,
270,
29938,
10110,
4636,
29889,
1334,
505,
395,
29874,
353,
286,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29885,
29918,
29896,
13090,
322,
395,
29878,
353,
270,
29899,
29885,
29918,
29896,
29899,
29885,
29918,
29896,
29915,
1504,
1987,
491,
2994,
21982,
320,
999,
29912,
2616,
29901,
29896,
29918,
510,
2037,
1118,
727,
4864,
263,
1014,
5344,
310,
7555,
1635,
306,
2844,
29881,
29905,
3706,
270,
4429,
18451,
29892,
7555,
1635,
796,
2403,
29896,
320,
262,
2802,
15165,
383,
3227,
29939,
29985,
29920,
2844,
29881,
29905,
3706,
313,
29881,
29899,
29885,
29918,
29896,
29899,
29885,
29918,
29896,
1495,
1042,
1316,
393,
278,
1494,
395,
29881,
29905,
3706,
270,
29938,
4636,
756,
2989,
7115,
29889,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
1012,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
4801,
29918,
1792,
29896,
2997,
29913,
13,
12,
29905,
29878,
29895,
4197,
16195,
1635,
478,
2403,
29896,
16675,
2802,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
2844,
1194,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1800,
1118,
2802,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
2844,
1194,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
1800,
1118,
2802,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29941,
2844,
1194,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
1800,
1118,
2802,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29892,
29941,
29897,
2844,
1194,
2892,
19230,
2802,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
7650,
29873,
29918,
29896,
19230,
2802,
1635,
796,
2403,
29896,
2314,
20644,
29881,
29889,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
797,
3153,
29892,
278,
11806,
424,
310,
278,
4636,
338,
1661,
29899,
9171,
29889,
13,
13,
1576,
1494,
4331,
6511,
263,
24907,
310,
2472,
29892,
8236,
304,
263,
4036,
29899,
29883,
3689,
2980
] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| -0.098419 | 2.289936 | -0.787107 | 0.256201 |
that will be important to reconcile the users' different perspectives. So consider the following determinant, which is a polynomial in the variables corresponding to the elements of the matrices ${\bf N}_{123},{\bf N}_{12},{\bf N}_{13},{\bf M}_{12},{\bf M}_{13},{\bf M}$, while the remaining matrices are fixed.
\begin{align}\label{eq:det_user1}
P_1 = \det ([ \overbrace{{\bf V}_1'}^{m_1'}, \overbrace{{\bf U}_{123}{\bf N}_{123}}^{\lambda_{123}}, \overbrace{{\bf U}_{12}{\bf N}_{12}}^{\lambda_{12}}, \overbrace{{\bf U}_{13}{\bf N}_{13}}^{\lambda_{13}}, \overbrace{{\bf U}_{12}{\bf M}_{12}+{\bf U}_{13}{\bf M}_{13}+{\bf B}_{1(2,3)}^{(12,13)^c}{\bf M}}^{\lambda},{\bf U}_1^{(t_1)}, {\bf Z}_1] )
\end{align}
The sizes of the variable matrices are specified below.
\begin{align}\label{eq:sizespec}
&{\bf N}_{123}: \rk({\bf U}_{123}) \times \lambda_{123}, && {\bf N}_{12}: \rk({\bf U}_{12}) \times \lambda_{12} , && {\bf N}_{13}: \rk({\bf U}_{13}) \times \lambda_{13}, \\
&{\bf M}_{12}: \rk({\bf U}_{12}) \times \lambda, && {\bf M}_{13}: \rk({\bf U}_{13}) \times \lambda,&&{\bf M}: \rk({\bf B}_{1(2,3)}^{(12,13)^c}) \times \lambda.
\end{align}
We claim that $P_1$ is not a zero polynomial. This is because we can assign values to the variables such that the matrix in \eqref{eq:det_user1} becomes identical to the constant matrix in \eqref{eq:det_user1local}, which has non-zero determinant. Note that by Theorem \ref{thm:decomposition}, (P5) and (P8), $\langle\bU_{1(2,3)}\rangle=\langle[\bB_{123}, \bB_{12}^{123^c}, \bB_{13}^{123^c}, \bB_{1(2,3)}^{(12,13)^c}]\rangle=\langle[\bU_{12},\bU_{13}, \bB_{1(2,3)}^{(12,13)^c}]\rangle$, therefore, ${\bf U}_{1(2,3)}^{(\lambda)}={\bf U}_{12}{\bf M}_{12}+{\bf U}_{13}{\bf M}_{13}+{\bB}_{1(2,3)}^{(12,13)^c}{\bf M}$ for some realization of ${\bf M}_{12}, {\bf M}_{13}, {\bf M}$. Since there exists a non-zero evaluation of $P_1$ it cannot be the zero polynomial.
So far our discussion focused on User $1$. Proceeding similarly for Users $2$ and $3$ we arrive at corresponding polynomials $P2, P3$ as shown below,
\begin{align} \label{eq:det_user2}
P_2 = \det ([ \overbrace{{\bf V}_2'}^{m_2'}, \overbrace{{\bf U}_{123}{\bf N}_{123}}^{\lambda_{123}}, \overbrace{{\bf U}_{12}{\bf N}_{12}}^{\lambda_{12}}, \overbrace{{\bf U}_{23}{\bf N}_{23}}^{\lambda_{23}}, \overbrace{-{\bf U}_{12}{\bf M}_{12}+{\bf U}_{23}{\bf M}_{23}+{\bf B}_{2(1,3)}^{(12,23)^c}{\bf M}}^{\lambda},{\bf U}_2^{(t_2)}, {\bf Z}_2] )\\
P_3 = \det ([ \overbrace{{\bf V}_3'}^{m_3'}, \overbrace{{\bf U}_{1
|
[
393,
674,
367,
4100,
304,
8265,
21873,
278,
4160,
29915,
1422,
3736,
1103,
3145,
29889,
1105,
2050,
278,
1494,
11806,
424,
29892,
607,
338,
263,
10159,
297,
278,
3651,
6590,
304,
278,
3161,
310,
278,
13516,
7555,
1635,
405,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1118,
741,
1635,
405,
3227,
29896,
29906,
1118,
741,
1635,
405,
3227,
29896,
29941,
1118,
741,
1635,
341,
3227,
29896,
29906,
1118,
741,
1635,
341,
3227,
29896,
29941,
1118,
741,
1635,
341,
4429,
1550,
278,
9886,
13516,
526,
4343,
29889,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
1012,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
4801,
29918,
1792,
29896,
29913,
13,
12,
29925,
29918,
29896,
353,
320,
4801,
9310,
320,
957,
13842,
16195,
1635,
478,
2403,
29896,
29915,
2844,
29885,
29918,
29896,
16675,
320,
957,
13842,
16195,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
3331,
1635,
405,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
930,
3311,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
11656,
320,
957,
13842,
16195,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
3331,
1635,
405,
3227,
29896,
29906,
930,
3311,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
11656,
320,
957,
13842,
16195,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29941,
3331,
1635,
405,
3227,
29896,
29941,
930,
3311,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
11656,
320,
957,
13842,
16195,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
3331,
1635,
341,
3227,
29896,
29906,
7517,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29941,
3331,
1635,
341,
3227,
29896,
29941,
7517,
741,
1635,
350,
3227,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29892,
29941,
29897,
14810,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29896,
29941,
4887,
29883,
3331,
1635,
341,
930,
3311,
2892,
1118,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
7650,
29873,
29918,
29896,
19230,
2802,
1635,
796,
2403,
29896,
29962,
29871,
1723,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
1576,
15786,
310,
278,
2286,
13516,
526,
6790,
2400,
29889,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
1012,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
29879,
7093,
3135,
29913,
13,
12,
29987,
741,
1635,
405,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
6177,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1800,
320,
3706,
320,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1118,
2607,
2802,
1635,
405,
3227,
29896,
29906,
6177,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
1800,
320,
3706,
320,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29913,
1919,
2607,
2802,
1635,
405,
3227,
29896,
29941,
6177,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29941,
1800,
320,
3706,
320,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
1118,
2474,
13,
12,
29987,
741,
1635,
341,
3227,
29896,
29906,
6177,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
1800,
320,
3706,
320,
2892,
29892,
2607,
2802,
1635,
341,
3227,
29896,
29941,
6177,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29941,
1800,
320,
3706,
320,
2892,
29892,
12774,
741,
1635,
341,
6177,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
350,
3227,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29892,
29941,
29897,
14810,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29896,
29941,
4887,
29883,
1800,
320,
3706,
320,
2892,
29889,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
4806,
5995,
393,
395,
29925,
29918,
29896,
29938,
338,
451,
263,
5225,
10159,
29889,
910,
338,
1363,
591,
508,
3566,
1819,
304,
278,
3651,
1316,
393,
278,
4636,
297,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
4801,
29918,
1792,
29896,
29913,
7415,
13557,
304,
278,
4868,
4636,
297,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
4801,
29918,
1792,
29896,
2997,
1118,
607,
756,
1661,
29899,
9171,
11806,
424,
29889,
3940,
393,
491,
10244,
320,
999,
29912,
12743,
29901,
311,
510,
3283,
1118,
313,
29925,
29945,
29897,
322,
313,
29925,
29947,
511,
779,
6990,
29905,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29892,
29941,
11383,
5854,
2013,
6990,
7110,
29890,
29933,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1118,
320,
29890,
29933,
648,
29896,
29906,
2844,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29985,
29883,
1118,
320,
29890,
29933,
648,
29896,
29941,
2844,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29985,
29883,
1118,
320,
29890,
29933,
648,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29892,
29941,
29897,
14810,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29896,
29941,
4887,
29883,
6525,
29905,
5854,
2013,
6990,
7110,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29906,
7570,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29941,
1118,
320,
29890,
29933,
648,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29892,
29941,
29897,
14810,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29896,
29941,
4887,
29883,
6525,
29905,
5854,
1628,
5480,
29892,
29871,
7555,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29892,
29941,
29897,
2844,
1194,
2892,
2915,
21854,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
3331,
1635,
341,
3227,
29896,
29906,
7517,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29941,
3331,
1635,
341,
3227,
29896,
29941,
7517,
741,
29890,
29933,
3227,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29892,
29941,
29897,
14810,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29896,
29941,
4887,
29883,
3331,
1635,
341,
1042,
363,
777,
1855,
2133,
310,
7555,
1635,
341,
3227,
29896,
29906,
1118,
2802,
1635,
341,
3227,
29896,
29941,
1118,
2802,
1635,
341,
4311,
29871,
4001,
727,
4864,
263,
1661,
29899,
9171,
17983,
310,
395,
29925,
29918,
29896,
29938,
372,
2609,
367,
278,
5225,
10159,
29889,
13,
13,
6295,
2215,
1749,
10679,
21309,
373,
4911,
395,
29896,
1504,
1019,
3947,
292,
22829,
363,
23861,
395,
29906,
29938,
322,
395,
29941,
29938,
591,
18331,
472,
6590,
24655,
395,
29925,
29906,
29892,
349,
29941,
29938,
408,
4318,
2400,
29892,
29871,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
320,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
4801,
29918,
1792,
29906,
29913,
13,
12,
29925,
29918,
29906,
353,
320,
4801,
9310,
320,
957,
13842,
16195,
1635,
478,
2403,
29906,
29915,
2844,
29885,
29918,
29906,
16675,
320,
957,
13842,
16195,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
3331,
1635,
405,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
930,
3311,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
11656,
320,
957,
13842,
16195,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
3331,
1635,
405,
3227,
29896,
29906,
930,
3311,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
11656,
320,
957,
13842,
16195,
1635,
501,
3227,
29906,
29941,
3331,
1635,
405,
3227,
29906,
29941,
930,
3311,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
11656,
320,
957,
13842,
8499,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
3331,
1635,
341,
3227,
29896,
29906,
7517,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29906,
29941,
3331,
1635,
341,
3227,
29906,
29941,
7517,
741,
1635,
350,
3227,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29941,
29897,
14810,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29906,
29941,
4887,
29883,
3331,
1635,
341,
930,
3311,
2892,
1118,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29906,
7650,
29873,
29918,
29906,
19230,
2802,
1635,
796,
2403,
29906,
29962,
29871,
1723,
1966,
13,
12,
29925,
29918,
29941,
353,
320,
4801,
9310,
320,
957,
13842,
16195,
1635,
478,
2403,
29941,
29915,
2844,
29885,
29918,
29941,
16675,
320,
957,
13842,
16195,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896
] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| 0.045245 | 2.186113 | -0.375142 | 0.706813 |
23}{\bf N}_{123}}^{\lambda_{123}}, \overbrace{{\bf U}_{13}{\bf N}_{13}}^{\lambda_{13}}, \overbrace{{\bf U}_{23}{\bf N}_{23}}^{\lambda_{23}}, \overbrace{{\bf U}_{13}{\bf M}_{13}+{\bf U}_{23}{\bf M}_{23}+{\bf B}_{3(1,2)}^{(13,23)^c}{\bf M}}^{\lambda},{\bf U}_3^{(t_3)}, {\bf Z}_3] )
\end{align}
that are similarly shown to be non-zero polynomials, in the variables corresponding to the elements of the matrices ${\bf N}_{123}$, ${\bf N}_{12}$, ${\bf N}_{13}$, ${\bf N}_{23}$, ${\bf M}_{12}$, ${\bf M}_{13}$, ${\bf M}_{23}$, ${\bf M}$, with the following remaining specifications in addition to those in \eqref{eq:sizespec}.
\begin{align}
&{\bf M}_{23}: \rk({\bf U}_{23}) \times \lambda, && {\bf N}_{23}: \rk(\bU_{23})\times\lambda_{23},\\
\end{align}
and
\begin{align}
{\bf Z}_2 &\in {\Bbb F}_{q^z}^{d\times (d-m_2-m_2')}, \\
{\bf Z}_3 &\in {\Bbb F}_{q^z}^{d\times (d-m_3-m_3')},\\
t_2&\triangleq m_2-(\lambda_{123}+\lambda_{12}+\lambda_{23}+\lambda), \\
t_3&\triangleq m_3-(\lambda_{123}+\lambda_{13}+\lambda_{23}+\lambda).
\end{align}
Note that the minus sign before ${\bf U}_{12}{\bf M}_{12}$ in \eqref{eq:det_user2} still allows the entries of $-{\bf M}_{12}$ to be any element in ${\bf F}_{q^z}$, and thus we can still evaluate the determinants individually to non-zero by choosing appropriate elements in ${\bf F}_{q^z}$. Now since $P_1$, $P_2$ and $P_3$ are non-zero polynomials, their product $P \triangleq P_1P_2P_3$ is also a non-zero polynomial in the variables corresponding to the elements of the matrices ${\bf N}_{123}$, ${\bf N}_{12}$, ${\bf N}_{13}$, ${\bf N}_{23}$, ${\bf M}_{12}$, ${\bf M}_{13}$, ${\bf M}_{23}$, and ${\bf M}$. Furthermore, the polynomial $P$ has a degree $D$ loosely (the loose bound suffices for our purpose) bounded above as,
\begin{align}
D\leq 3d.
\end{align}
By Schwartz-Zippel Lemma, if the elements of ${\bf N}_{123},{\bf N}_{12},{\bf N}_{13},{\bf N}_{23},{\bf M}_{12},{\bf M}_{13},{\bf M}_{23}, {\bf M}$ are chosen i.i.d uniformly from $\mathbb{F}_{q^z}$, then the probability of $P$ evaluating to $0$ is not more than $\frac{D}{q^z} \leq \frac{3d}{q^z}$. Thus, by choosing $z> \log_q(3d)$, we ensure that there exist such ${\bf N}_{123},{\bf N}_{12},{\bf N}_{13},{\bf N}_{23},{\bf M}_{12},{\bf M}_{13},{\bf M}_{23}, {\bf M}$ that produce a non-zero evaluation of $P$, which implies that $P_1$, $P_2$ and $P_3$ are evaluated to non-zero simultaneously. Recall that we previously found three constructions, by identifying submatrices of subspace matrices, and each such construction could only be guaranteed to work for one user. The formulation based on ${\bf N}_{123},{\bf N}_{12},{\bf N}_{13},{\bf N}_{23},{\bf M}_{12},{\bf M}_{13},{\bf M}_{23}, {\bf M}$ represents essentially
|
[
29906,
29941,
3331,
1635,
405,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
930,
3311,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
11656,
320,
957,
13842,
16195,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29941,
3331,
1635,
405,
3227,
29896,
29941,
930,
3311,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
11656,
320,
957,
13842,
16195,
1635,
501,
3227,
29906,
29941,
3331,
1635,
405,
3227,
29906,
29941,
930,
3311,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
11656,
320,
957,
13842,
16195,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29941,
3331,
1635,
341,
3227,
29896,
29941,
7517,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29906,
29941,
3331,
1635,
341,
3227,
29906,
29941,
7517,
741,
1635,
350,
3227,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29897,
14810,
29896,
29941,
29892,
29906,
29941,
4887,
29883,
3331,
1635,
341,
930,
3311,
2892,
1118,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29941,
7650,
29873,
29918,
29941,
19230,
2802,
1635,
796,
2403,
29941,
29962,
29871,
1723,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
5747,
526,
22829,
4318,
304,
367,
1661,
29899,
9171,
24655,
29892,
297,
278,
3651,
29871,
6590,
304,
278,
3161,
310,
278,
13516,
7555,
1635,
405,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
4429,
7555,
1635,
405,
3227,
29896,
29906,
4429,
7555,
1635,
405,
3227,
29896,
29941,
4429,
7555,
1635,
405,
3227,
29906,
29941,
4429,
7555,
1635,
341,
3227,
29896,
29906,
4429,
7555,
1635,
341,
3227,
29896,
29941,
4429,
7555,
1635,
341,
3227,
29906,
29941,
4429,
7555,
1635,
341,
4429,
411,
278,
1494,
29871,
9886,
2702,
800,
297,
6124,
304,
1906,
297,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
29879,
7093,
3135,
1836,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
29987,
741,
1635,
341,
3227,
29906,
29941,
6177,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29906,
29941,
1800,
320,
3706,
320,
2892,
29892,
2607,
2802,
1635,
405,
3227,
29906,
29941,
6177,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29906,
29941,
11606,
3706,
29905,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
1118,
1966,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
392,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
741,
1635,
796,
2403,
29906,
8682,
262,
2802,
15165,
383,
3227,
29939,
29985,
29920,
2844,
29881,
29905,
3706,
313,
29881,
29899,
29885,
29918,
29906,
29899,
29885,
29918,
29906,
1495,
1118,
2474,
13,
741,
1635,
796,
2403,
29941,
8682,
262,
2802,
15165,
383,
3227,
29939,
29985,
29920,
2844,
29881,
29905,
3706,
313,
29881,
29899,
29885,
29918,
29941,
29899,
29885,
29918,
29941,
1495,
1118,
1966,
13,
29873,
29918,
29906,
11035,
26701,
29939,
286,
29918,
29906,
29899,
1194,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
10869,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
10869,
2892,
511,
2474,
13,
29873,
29918,
29941,
11035,
26701,
29939,
286,
29918,
29941,
29899,
1194,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
10869,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
10869,
2892,
467,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
13,
13,
9842,
393,
278,
26134,
1804,
1434,
7555,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
3331,
1635,
341,
3227,
29896,
29906,
1042,
297,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
4801,
29918,
1792,
29906,
29913,
1603,
6511,
278,
9976,
310,
15727,
741,
1635,
341,
3227,
29896,
29906,
1042,
29871,
304,
367,
738,
1543,
297,
7555,
1635,
383,
3227,
29939,
29985,
29920,
4429,
322,
4550,
591,
508,
1603,
14707,
278,
11806,
1934,
29689,
304,
1661,
29899,
9171,
491,
23906,
8210,
3161,
297,
7555,
1635,
383,
3227,
29939,
29985,
29920,
4311,
2567,
1951,
395,
29925,
29918,
29896,
1628,
395,
29925,
29918,
29906,
29938,
322,
395,
29925,
29918,
29941,
29938,
526,
1661,
29899,
9171,
24655,
29892,
1009,
3234,
395,
29925,
320,
26701,
29939,
349,
29918,
29896,
29925,
29918,
29906,
29925,
29918,
29941,
29938,
338,
884,
263,
1661,
29899,
9171,
10159,
297,
278,
3651,
29871,
6590,
304,
278,
3161,
310,
278,
13516,
7555,
1635,
405,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
4429,
7555,
1635,
405,
3227,
29896,
29906,
4429,
7555,
1635,
405,
3227,
29896,
29941,
4429,
7555,
1635,
405,
3227,
29906,
29941,
4429,
7555,
1635,
341,
3227,
29896,
29906,
4429,
7555,
1635,
341,
3227,
29896,
29941,
4429,
7555,
1635,
341,
3227,
29906,
29941,
4429,
322,
7555,
1635,
341,
4311,
16478,
29892,
278,
10159,
395,
29925,
29938,
756,
263,
7426,
395,
29928,
29938,
658,
359,
873,
313,
1552,
23819,
3216,
9378,
1575,
363,
1749,
6437,
29897,
12635,
2038,
408,
29892,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
29928,
29905,
3797,
29871,
29941,
29881,
29889,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
2059,
9234,
442,
29920,
29899,
29999,
8377,
295,
11894,
29892,
565,
278,
3161,
310,
7555,
1635,
405,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1118,
741,
1635,
405,
3227,
29896,
29906,
1118,
741,
1635,
405,
3227,
29896,
29941,
1118,
741,
1635,
405,
3227,
29906,
29941,
1118,
741,
1635,
341,
3227,
29896,
29906,
1118,
741,
1635,
341,
3227,
29896,
29941,
1118,
741,
1635,
341,
3227,
29906,
29941,
1118,
2802,
1635,
341,
1042,
526,
10434,
474,
29889,
29875,
29889,
29881,
26018,
515,
779,
1995,
29912,
29943,
3227,
29939,
29985,
29920,
4429,
769,
278,
6976,
310,
395,
29925,
29938,
6161,
1218,
304,
395,
29900,
29938,
338,
451,
901,
1135,
779,
1154,
29912,
29928,
1157,
29939,
29985,
29920,
29913,
320,
3797,
320,
1154,
29912,
29941,
29881,
1157,
29939,
29985,
29920,
4311,
6549,
29892,
491,
23906,
395,
29920,
29958,
320,
1188,
29918,
29939,
29898,
29941,
29881,
5767,
591,
9801,
393,
727,
1863,
1316,
7555,
1635,
405,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1118,
741,
1635,
405,
3227,
29896,
29906,
1118,
741,
1635,
405,
3227,
29896,
29941,
1118,
741,
1635,
405,
3227,
29906,
29941,
1118,
741,
1635,
341,
3227,
29896,
29906,
1118,
741,
1635,
341,
3227,
29896,
29941,
1118,
741,
1635,
341,
3227,
29906,
29941,
1118,
2802,
1635,
341,
1042,
393,
7738,
263,
1661,
29899,
9171,
17983,
310,
395,
29925,
1628,
607,
10469,
393,
395,
29925,
29918,
29896,
1628,
395,
29925,
29918,
29906,
29938,
322,
395,
29925,
29918,
29941,
29938,
526,
19030,
304,
1661,
29899,
9171,
21699,
29889,
3599,
497,
393,
591,
9251,
1476,
2211,
6787,
1953,
29892,
491,
2893,
9215,
1014,
2922,
11669,
310,
1014,
3493,
13516,
29892,
322,
1269,
1316,
7632,
1033,
871,
367,
22688,
304,
664,
363,
697,
1404,
29889,
450,
29871,
883,
2785,
2729,
373,
7555,
1635,
405,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1118,
741,
1635,
405,
3227,
29896,
29906,
1118,
741,
1635,
405,
3227,
29896,
29941,
1118,
741,
1635,
405,
3227,
29906,
29941,
1118,
741,
1635,
341,
3227,
29896,
29906,
1118,
741,
1635,
341,
3227,
29896,
29941,
1118,
741,
1635,
341,
3227,
29906,
29941,
1118,
2802,
1635,
341,
1042,
11524,
13674
] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| -0.3382 | 2.097864 | -0.705516 | -0.089189 |
a generic solution for each user. Whereas the original solutions comprised of specific submatrices may not be compatible, the generic solutions turn out to be compatible, as evident in the argument that $P_1, P_2, P_3$ are simultaneously non-zero for appropriate choices of the variables. This is essentially a random coding argument, because it shows the existence of a good code among randomly chosen possibilities.
With any such choice, we are able to construct the broadcast symbol as follows.
\begin{align}
&{\bf S} = {\bf X}^T [
{\bf U}_{123}{\bf N}_{123}, {\bf U}_{12}{\bf N}_{12}, {\bf U}_{13}{\bf N}_{13}, {\bf U}_{23}{\bf N}_{23}, {\bf U}_{12}{\bf M}_{12}+{\bf U}_{13}{\bf M}_{13}+{\bf B}_{1(2,3)}^{(12,13)^c}{\bf M},...\\
&~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-{\bf U}_{12}{\bf M}_{12}+{\bf U}_{23}{\bf M}_{23} + {\bf B}_{2(1,3)}^{(12,23)^c}{\bf M},{\bf U}_1^{(t_1)}, {\bf U}_2^{(t_2)}, {\bf U}_3^{(t_3)}].
\end{align}
With ${\bf S}$, User $1$ is able to obtain (using its side information)
\begin{align}
{\bf X}^T [{\bf V}_1', {\bf U}_{123}{\bf N}_{123}, {\bf U}_{12}{\bf N}_{12},{\bf U}_{13}{\bf N}_{13}, {\bf U}_{12}{\bf M}_{12}+{\bf U}_{13}{\bf M}_{13}+{\bf B}_{1(2,3)}^{(12,13)^c}{\bf M}, {\bf U}_1^{(t_1)}].
\end{align}
and thus compute ${\bf X}^T{\bf U}_1$, since the columns of the matrix to the right of ${\bf X}^T$ form a basis of $\langle {\bf U}_1 \rangle$, guaranteed by the fact that $P_1$ has a non-zero evaluation. Similarly, User $2$ is able to obtain (with its side information)
\begin{align}
{\bf X}^T [{\bf V}_2', {\bf U}_{123}{\bf N}_{123}, {\bf U}_{12}{\bf N}_{12},{\bf U}_{23}{\bf N}_{23}, -{\bf U}_{12}{\bf M}_{12}+{\bf U}_{23}{\bf M}_{23}+{\bf B}_{2(1,3)}^{(12,23)^c}{\bf M}, {\bf U}_2^{(t_2)}],
\end{align}
and thus compute ${\bf X}^T{\bf U}_2$, since the columns of the matrix on the right of ${\bf X}^T$ form a basis of $\langle {\bf U}_2 \rangle$, guaranteed by the fact that $P_2$ has a non-zero evaluation.
User $3$ first computes
\begin{align}
&{\bf X}^T({\bf U}_{12}{\bf M}_{12}+{\bf U}_{13}{\bf M}_{13}+{\bf B}_{1(2,3)}^{(12,13)^c}{\bf M}) \\
&+{\bf X}^T(-{\bf U}_{12}{\bf M}_{12}+{\bf U}_{23}{\bf M}_{23}+{\bf B}_{2(1,3)}^{(12,23)^c}{\bf M})\\
&= {\bf X}^T ({\bf U}_{13}{\bf M}_{13}+{\bf U}_{23}{\bf M}_{23}+ {\bf B}_{3(1,2)}^{(13,23)^c}{\bf M})
\end{align}
where we used (P20) from Theorem \ref{thm:decomposition}, i.e., ${\bf B}_{1(2,3)}^{(12,13)^c}+{\bf B}_{2(1,3)}^{(12,23)^c} = {\bf B}_{3(1,2)}^{(13,23)^c}$. Using its side information, User $3$ is
|
[
263,
10035,
1650,
363,
1269,
1404,
29889,
6804,
294,
278,
2441,
6851,
7199,
3368,
310,
2702,
1014,
2922,
11669,
1122,
451,
367,
15878,
29892,
278,
10035,
6851,
2507,
714,
304,
367,
15878,
29892,
408,
13602,
297,
278,
2980,
393,
395,
29925,
29918,
29896,
29892,
349,
29918,
29906,
29892,
349,
29918,
29941,
29938,
526,
21699,
1661,
29899,
9171,
363,
8210,
19995,
310,
278,
3651,
29889,
910,
338,
13674,
263,
4036,
14137,
2980,
29892,
1363,
372,
3697,
278,
10379,
310,
263,
1781,
775,
4249,
20459,
10434,
24496,
29889,
13,
13,
13,
3047,
738,
1316,
7348,
29892,
591,
526,
2221,
304,
3386,
278,
12672,
5829,
408,
4477,
29889,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
12,
29987,
741,
1635,
317,
29913,
353,
2802,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
518,
13,
12,
12,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
3331,
1635,
405,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1118,
2802,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
3331,
1635,
405,
3227,
29896,
29906,
1118,
2802,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29941,
3331,
1635,
405,
3227,
29896,
29941,
1118,
2802,
1635,
501,
3227,
29906,
29941,
3331,
1635,
405,
3227,
29906,
29941,
1118,
2802,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
3331,
1635,
341,
3227,
29896,
29906,
7517,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29941,
3331,
1635,
341,
3227,
29896,
29941,
7517,
741,
1635,
350,
3227,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29892,
29941,
29897,
14810,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29896,
29941,
4887,
29883,
3331,
1635,
341,
1118,
856,
1966,
13,
12,
12,
29987,
26594,
26594,
29899,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
3331,
1635,
341,
3227,
29896,
29906,
7517,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29906,
29941,
3331,
1635,
341,
3227,
29906,
29941,
29913,
718,
2802,
1635,
350,
3227,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29941,
29897,
14810,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29906,
29941,
4887,
29883,
3331,
1635,
341,
1118,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
7650,
29873,
29918,
29896,
19230,
2802,
1635,
501,
2403,
29906,
7650,
29873,
29918,
29906,
19230,
2802,
1635,
501,
2403,
29941,
7650,
29873,
29918,
29941,
2915,
1822,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
3047,
7555,
1635,
317,
4429,
4911,
395,
29896,
29938,
338,
2221,
304,
4017,
313,
4746,
967,
2625,
2472,
29897,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
12,
741,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
518,
741,
1635,
478,
2403,
29896,
742,
2802,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
3331,
1635,
405,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1118,
2802,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
3331,
1635,
405,
3227,
29896,
29906,
1118,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29941,
3331,
1635,
405,
3227,
29896,
29941,
1118,
2802,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
3331,
1635,
341,
3227,
29896,
29906,
7517,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29941,
3331,
1635,
341,
3227,
29896,
29941,
7517,
741,
1635,
350,
3227,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29892,
29941,
29897,
14810,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29896,
29941,
4887,
29883,
3331,
1635,
341,
1118,
2802,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
7650,
29873,
29918,
29896,
2915,
1822,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
392,
4550,
10272,
7555,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
1628,
1951,
278,
4341,
310,
278,
4636,
304,
278,
1492,
310,
7555,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
29938,
883,
263,
8405,
310,
779,
6990,
2802,
1635,
501,
2403,
29896,
320,
5854,
1628,
22688,
491,
278,
2114,
393,
395,
29925,
29918,
29896,
29938,
756,
263,
1661,
29899,
9171,
17983,
29889,
20175,
29892,
4911,
395,
29906,
29938,
338,
2221,
304,
4017,
313,
2541,
967,
2625,
2472,
29897,
29871,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
12,
741,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
518,
741,
1635,
478,
2403,
29906,
742,
2802,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
3331,
1635,
405,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1118,
2802,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
3331,
1635,
405,
3227,
29896,
29906,
1118,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29906,
29941,
3331,
1635,
405,
3227,
29906,
29941,
1118,
448,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
3331,
1635,
341,
3227,
29896,
29906,
7517,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29906,
29941,
3331,
1635,
341,
3227,
29906,
29941,
7517,
741,
1635,
350,
3227,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29941,
29897,
14810,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29906,
29941,
4887,
29883,
3331,
1635,
341,
1118,
2802,
1635,
501,
2403,
29906,
7650,
29873,
29918,
29906,
2915,
1402,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
392,
4550,
10272,
7555,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29906,
1628,
1951,
278,
4341,
310,
278,
4636,
373,
278,
1492,
310,
7555,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
29938,
883,
263,
8405,
310,
29871,
779,
6990,
2802,
1635,
501,
2403,
29906,
320,
5854,
1628,
22688,
491,
278,
2114,
393,
395,
29925,
29918,
29906,
29938,
756,
263,
1661,
29899,
9171,
17983,
29889,
29871,
13,
13,
2659,
395,
29941,
29938,
937,
2912,
267,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
29987,
741,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
3331,
1635,
341,
3227,
29896,
29906,
7517,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29941,
3331,
1635,
341,
3227,
29896,
29941,
7517,
741,
1635,
350,
3227,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29892,
29941,
29897,
14810,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29896,
29941,
4887,
29883,
3331,
1635,
341,
1800,
2474,
13,
29987,
29974,
741,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
6278,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
3331,
1635,
341,
3227,
29896,
29906,
7517,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29906,
29941,
3331,
1635,
341,
3227,
29906,
29941,
7517,
741,
1635,
350,
3227,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29941,
29897,
14810,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29906,
29941,
4887,
29883,
3331,
1635,
341,
1800,
1966,
13,
20644,
2802,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
313,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29941,
3331,
1635,
341,
3227,
29896,
29941,
7517,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29906,
29941,
3331,
1635,
341,
3227,
29906,
29941,
7517,
2802,
1635,
350,
3227,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29897,
14810,
29896,
29941,
29892,
29906,
29941,
4887,
29883,
3331,
1635,
341,
1800,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
3062,
591,
1304,
313,
29925,
29906,
29900,
29897,
515,
10244,
320,
999,
29912,
12743,
29901,
311,
510,
3283,
1118,
474,
29889,
29872,
1696,
7555,
1635,
350,
3227,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29892,
29941,
29897,
14810,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29896,
29941,
4887,
29883,
7517,
741,
1635,
350,
3227,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29941,
29897,
14810,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29906,
29941,
4887,
29883,
29913,
353,
2802,
1635,
350,
3227,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29897,
14810,
29896,
29941,
29892,
29906,
29941,
4887,
29883,
4311,
5293,
967,
2625,
2472,
29892,
4911,
395,
29941,
29938,
338
] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| -0.052739 | 1.817542 | -0.597474 | 0.451308 |
then able to obtain,
\begin{align}
{\bf X}^T [{\bf V}_3', {\bf U}_{123}{\bf N}_{123}, {\bf U}_{13}{\bf N}_{13},{\bf U}_{23}{\bf N}_{23}, {\bf U}_{13}{\bf M}_{13}+{\bf U}_{23}{\bf M}_{23}+{\bf B}_{3(1,2)}^{(13,23)^c}{\bf M}, {\bf U}_3^{(t_3)}].
\end{align}
Thus, it can compute ${\bf X}^T{\bf U}_3$, since the matrix on the right of ${\bf X}^T$ is a basis of $\langle {\bf U}_3 \rangle$, guaranteed by the fact that $P_3$ evaluates to a non-zero value.
The cost of this broadcast ${\bf S}$, as noted in Theorem \ref{thm:LP}, is found as,
\begin{align}
\Delta/L & = \Delta/z \\
& = \lambda_{123}+\lambda_{12}+\lambda_{13}+\lambda_{23}+2\lambda+t_1+t_2+t_3\\
& = m_1+m_2+m_3-2\lambda_{123}-\lambda_{12}-\lambda_{13}-\lambda_{23}-\lambda \label{eq:achm123}\\
& = \rk(\bV_1|\bV_1')+\rk(\bV_2|\bV_2')+\rk(\bV_3|\bV_3')-2\lambda_{123}-\lambda_{12}-\lambda_{13}-\lambda_{23}-\lambda\label{eq:ach_v123}\\
& \triangleq f(\lambda_{123},\lambda_{12},\lambda_{13},\lambda_{23},\lambda).\label{eq:achf}
\end{align}
By choosing $\lambda_{123},\lambda_{12},\lambda_{13}$, $\lambda_{23}$ and $\lambda$ as appropriate non-negative integers within the constraints specified in Theorem \ref{thm:LP}, we are able to optimize (minimize) the cost $f(\lambda_{123},\lambda_{12},\lambda_{13},\lambda_{23},\lambda)$. Next let us show that the achievable scheme is not limited to integer values for the $\lambda_\bullet$ parameters, rather it extends to all rational values (and by continuity arguments, all real values as well).
\subsection{Matrix Extension}\label{sec:matex}
Technically, the choice of $z>1$ that enables field extensions in the achievable scheme, already amounts to vector coding, because it requires joint coding of $L=z$ symbols. However, after the field extension, the solution presented above reduces to a scalar coding solution over the extended field $\mathbb{F}_{q^z}$. This formulation only allows integer values of $\lambda_\bullet$ parameters. However, it is quite straightforward to extend the scheme to all rational values of $\lambda_\bullet$ parameters (subject to the constraints specified in Theorem \ref{thm:LP}) by a typical vector coding extension, labeled here as a Matrix Extension to avoid confusion with field extensions that also require $L>1$. This is described as follows. Recall that we are allowed to choose any $L$ and the cost is defined as $\inf_L \Delta/L$. Thus, by letting $L = L'z$ (meaning that the computations are in $\mathbb{F}_{q^z}$ and we jointly code for $L'$ such computations), the ranks of all subspaces scale by $L'$ as the data ${\bf x}$ dimension increases by a factor of $L'$. Essentially, this amounts to treating successive instances of the data vector as new data dimensions. For example, consider the $m=1$ dimensional computation of $A+B$ over $d=2$ dimensional data $(A,B)$, say over $\mathbb{F}_{q^z}$. Considering $L'=2$ instances, the data becomes $({\bf A}, {\bf B}) = ((A(1),A(2)), (B(1),B(2))$, and the desired computation is ${\bf A}+{\bf B}$, which can also be interpreted as $m_{\mbox{\tiny new}}=2$ dimensional computations $(A+C, B+D)$ over $d_{\mbox{\tiny new}}=2d=
|
[
769,
2221,
304,
4017,
29892,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
12,
741,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
518,
741,
1635,
478,
2403,
29941,
742,
2802,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
3331,
1635,
405,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1118,
2802,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29941,
3331,
1635,
405,
3227,
29896,
29941,
1118,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29906,
29941,
3331,
1635,
405,
3227,
29906,
29941,
1118,
2802,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29941,
3331,
1635,
341,
3227,
29896,
29941,
7517,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29906,
29941,
3331,
1635,
341,
3227,
29906,
29941,
7517,
741,
1635,
350,
3227,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29897,
14810,
29896,
29941,
29892,
29906,
29941,
4887,
29883,
3331,
1635,
341,
1118,
2802,
1635,
501,
2403,
29941,
7650,
29873,
29918,
29941,
2915,
1822,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
1349,
375,
29892,
372,
508,
10272,
7555,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
741,
1635,
501,
2403,
29941,
1628,
1951,
278,
4636,
373,
278,
1492,
310,
7555,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
29938,
338,
263,
8405,
310,
779,
6990,
2802,
1635,
501,
2403,
29941,
320,
5854,
1628,
22688,
491,
278,
2114,
393,
395,
29925,
29918,
29941,
29938,
29871,
6161,
1078,
304,
263,
1661,
29899,
9171,
995,
29889,
13,
13,
1576,
3438,
310,
445,
12672,
7555,
1635,
317,
4429,
408,
11682,
297,
10244,
320,
999,
29912,
12743,
29901,
13208,
1118,
338,
1476,
408,
29892,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
12,
29905,
5268,
29914,
29931,
669,
353,
320,
5268,
29914,
29920,
2474,
13,
12,
29987,
353,
320,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
10869,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
7517,
29906,
29905,
2892,
29974,
29873,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29873,
29918,
29906,
29974,
29873,
29918,
29941,
1966,
13,
12,
29987,
353,
286,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29885,
29918,
29906,
29974,
29885,
29918,
29941,
29899,
29906,
29905,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
12775,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
12775,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
12775,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
12775,
2892,
320,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
496,
29885,
29896,
29906,
29941,
9952,
13,
12,
29987,
353,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
4295,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
1495,
3124,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29906,
4295,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29906,
1495,
3124,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29941,
4295,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29941,
1495,
29899,
29906,
29905,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
12775,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
12775,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
12775,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
12775,
2892,
29905,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
496,
29918,
29894,
29896,
29906,
29941,
9952,
13,
12,
29987,
320,
26701,
29939,
285,
1194,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
7570,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
7570,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
7570,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
7570,
2892,
467,
29905,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
496,
29888,
29913,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
2059,
23906,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
7570,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
7570,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
4429,
779,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
1042,
322,
779,
2892,
29938,
408,
8210,
1661,
29899,
22198,
11920,
2629,
278,
11938,
6790,
297,
10244,
320,
999,
29912,
12743,
29901,
13208,
1118,
591,
526,
2221,
304,
24656,
313,
1195,
326,
675,
29897,
278,
3438,
395,
29888,
1194,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
7570,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
7570,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
7570,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
7570,
2892,
4935,
8084,
1235,
502,
29871,
1510,
393,
278,
27012,
519,
11380,
338,
451,
9078,
304,
6043,
1819,
363,
278,
779,
2892,
3187,
18850,
29938,
4128,
29892,
3265,
372,
4988,
304,
599,
17903,
1819,
313,
392,
491,
3133,
537,
6273,
29892,
599,
1855,
1819,
408,
1532,
467,
13,
13,
29905,
7235,
29912,
14609,
7338,
2673,
1012,
1643,
29912,
3471,
29901,
25046,
29916,
29913,
13,
7141,
3049,
1711,
29892,
278,
7348,
310,
395,
29920,
29958,
29896,
29938,
393,
29871,
28936,
1746,
17752,
297,
278,
27012,
519,
11380,
29892,
2307,
26999,
304,
4608,
14137,
29892,
1363,
372,
6858,
14002,
14137,
310,
395,
29931,
29922,
29920,
29938,
15072,
29889,
2398,
29892,
1156,
278,
1746,
6081,
29892,
278,
1650,
9132,
2038,
26830,
304,
263,
17336,
14137,
1650,
975,
278,
10410,
1746,
779,
1995,
29912,
29943,
3227,
29939,
29985,
29920,
4311,
910,
883,
2785,
871,
6511,
6043,
1819,
310,
779,
2892,
3187,
18850,
29938,
4128,
29889,
2398,
29892,
372,
338,
3755,
20837,
304,
10985,
278,
11380,
304,
599,
17903,
1819,
310,
779,
2892,
3187,
18850,
29938,
4128,
313,
16009,
304,
278,
11938,
6790,
297,
10244,
320,
999,
29912,
12743,
29901,
13208,
1800,
491,
263,
15662,
4608,
14137,
6081,
29892,
301,
24025,
1244,
408,
263,
22513,
7338,
2673,
304,
4772,
14679,
411,
1746,
17752,
393,
884,
1996,
395,
29931,
29958,
29896,
1504,
910,
338,
5439,
408,
4477,
29889,
3599,
497,
393,
591,
526,
6068,
304,
6755,
738,
395,
29931,
29938,
322,
278,
3438,
338,
3342,
408,
779,
7192,
29918,
29931,
320,
5268,
29914,
29931,
1504,
6549,
29892,
491,
27697,
395,
29931,
353,
365,
29915,
29920,
29938,
313,
12676,
292,
393,
278,
2912,
800,
526,
297,
779,
1995,
29912,
29943,
3227,
29939,
29985,
29920,
1042,
322,
591,
14002,
368,
775,
363,
395,
29931,
13090,
1316,
2912,
800,
511,
278,
27871,
310,
599,
1014,
22854,
6287,
491,
395,
29931,
13090,
29871,
408,
278,
848,
7555,
1635,
921,
1042,
9927,
16415,
491,
263,
7329,
310,
395,
29931,
29915,
1504,
11044,
9247,
29892,
445,
26999,
304,
2578,
1218,
2551,
573,
8871,
310,
278,
848,
4608,
408,
716,
848,
13391,
29889,
1152,
1342,
29892,
2050,
278,
395,
29885,
29922,
29896,
29938,
22112,
16287,
310,
395,
29909,
29974,
29933,
29938,
975,
395,
29881,
29922,
29906,
29938,
22112,
848,
2427,
29909,
29892,
29933,
5767,
1827,
975,
779,
1995,
29912,
29943,
3227,
29939,
29985,
29920,
4311,
10056,
292,
395,
29931,
29915,
29922,
29906,
29938,
8871,
29892,
278,
848,
7415,
2427,
741,
1635,
319,
1118,
2802,
1635,
350,
1800,
353,
5135,
29909,
29898,
29896,
511,
29909,
29898,
29906,
8243,
313,
29933,
29898,
29896,
511,
29933,
29898,
29906,
876,
1628,
322,
278,
7429,
16287,
338,
7555,
1635,
319,
7517,
741,
1635,
350,
4429,
607,
508,
884,
367,
21551,
408,
395,
29885,
1665,
8264,
741,
25649,
716,
28419,
29906,
29938,
22112,
2912,
800,
2427,
29909,
29974,
29907,
29892,
350,
29974,
29928,
1262,
975,
395,
29881,
1665,
8264,
741,
25649,
716,
28419,
29906,
29881,
29922
] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| 0.267026 | 2.154966 | -0.662478 | 0.734641 |
4$ dimensional data $(A, B, C,D)$ in $\mathbb{F}_{q^z}$, by mapping $((A(1),A(2)), (B(1),B(2))$ to $(A,B,C,D)$. A bit more formally, by considering $L'$ data instances as $L'd$ dimensional data, User $k\in[1:3]$ has side information ${\bf X}^T{\bf V}_k'$, which is equivalent to $\mbox{vec}^T({\bf X}){\bf I}^{L'\times L'}\otimes {\bf V}_k'$. User $k$ wants to compute $\mbox{vec}^T({\bf X}){\bf I}^{L'\times L'}\otimes {\bf V}_k$. The problem is then equivalent to that with data ${\bf X} \in \mathbb{F}_{q^z}^{L'd\times 1}$, with coefficient matrices now changed to ${\bf I}\otimes {\bf V}_k', {\bf I}\otimes {\bf V}_k, k=[1:3]$. The signal spaces ${\bf U}_k$ are also changed to ${\bf I}\otimes {\bf U}_k$.
Note that this is essentially different from the field size extension presented in Section \ref{subsec:field_size}, where the dimensions of the coefficient matrices are not changed after the extension, only the field size is changed. We refer to this as the \emph{matrix extension}, since the dimensions (size) of the coefficient matrices scales by a factor of $L'$ (but the field size remains unchanged). The ranks of ${\bf U}_k$ and ${\bf V}_k'$ also scale by $L'$, as do the ranks of all subspaces considered e.g., in Theorem \ref{thm:decomposition} or Theorem \ref{thm:LP}. Thus, the RHS of all constraints in \ref{thm:LP} scale by $L'$, implying a similar scaling of the $\lambda_\bullet$ parameters. Thus, all rational values of $\lambda_\bullet$ parameters can be transformed into integer values by considering a matrix extension by a factor $L'$ where $L'$ is the common denominator of the rational values. It follows then from a basic continuity argument that a download cost of $\Delta/L = f(\lambda_{123},\lambda_{12},\lambda_{13},\lambda_{23},\lambda)$ is also achievable for all non-negative real parameters $\lambda_\bullet$ subject to the same constraints \eqref{eq:constraintfirst}-\eqref{eq:constraintlast}.
\subsection{Completing the Proof of Achievability}\label{sec:achievablef}
According to \eqref{eq:achm123}-\eqref{eq:achf}, the broadcast cost achieved by the scheme described in this section is $f(\lambda_{123},\lambda_{12},\lambda_{13}, \lambda_{23},\lambda)$ $= \rk(\bV_1\mid \bV_1')+\rk(\bV_2\mid \bV_2')+\rk(\bV_3\mid\bV_3')-2\lambda_{123}-\lambda_{12}-\lambda_{13}-\lambda_{23}-\lambda$, which can be optimized as a linear program over all non-negative real $\lambda_{123},\lambda_{12},\lambda_{13}, \lambda_{23},\lambda$ that satisfy \eqref{eq:constraintfirst}-\eqref{eq:constraintlast}. According to Theorem \ref{thm:LP} the optimal value of the linear program is equal to the optimal download cost $\Delta^*$ specified in Theorem \ref{thm:main}. Therefore, the proof of achievability is complete.
$\hfill\square$
\section{Proof of Theorem \ref{thm:LP}}\label{proof:genach}
In this section, the goal is to prove that the optimal solution to the linear program specified in Theorem \ref{thm:LP} is identical to the optimal broadcast cost $\Delta^*$ specified in Theorem \ref{thm:main}.
Recall that, subject to the constraints \eqref{eq:constraintfirst}-\eqref{eq:constraintlast}, the linear program in Theorem \ref{thm:LP} finds
\begin{align}
F^*&=\min_{\lambda_{123},\lambda_{12},\lambda_{13},\lambda_{23}, \lambda\in\mathbb{R}^+} m_1+m_2+m_3-2\lambda_{123}- \lambda_{12}-\lambda_{13
|
[
29946,
29938,
22112,
848,
2427,
29909,
29892,
350,
29892,
315,
29892,
29928,
1262,
297,
779,
1995,
29912,
29943,
3227,
29939,
29985,
29920,
4429,
491,
10417,
2427,
29898,
29909,
29898,
29896,
511,
29909,
29898,
29906,
8243,
313,
29933,
29898,
29896,
511,
29933,
29898,
29906,
23846,
304,
2427,
29909,
29892,
29933,
29892,
29907,
29892,
29928,
4935,
319,
2586,
901,
28269,
29892,
491,
29871,
13858,
395,
29931,
13090,
848,
8871,
408,
395,
29931,
29915,
29881,
29938,
22112,
848,
29892,
4911,
395,
29895,
29905,
262,
29961,
29896,
29901,
29941,
9341,
756,
2625,
2472,
7555,
1635,
1060,
2137,
29911,
741,
1635,
478,
2403,
29895,
29915,
1628,
607,
338,
7126,
304,
779,
8264,
29912,
2003,
2137,
29911,
13670,
1635,
1060,
1800,
741,
1635,
306,
2844,
29931,
12764,
3706,
365,
29915,
1012,
9356,
2802,
1635,
478,
2403,
29895,
29915,
1504,
29871,
4911,
395,
29895,
29938,
10753,
304,
10272,
779,
8264,
29912,
2003,
2137,
29911,
13670,
1635,
1060,
1800,
741,
1635,
306,
2844,
29931,
12764,
3706,
365,
29915,
1012,
9356,
2802,
1635,
478,
2403,
29895,
1504,
450,
1108,
338,
769,
7126,
304,
393,
411,
848,
7555,
1635,
1060,
29913,
320,
262,
320,
1995,
29912,
29943,
3227,
29939,
29985,
29920,
2844,
29931,
29915,
29881,
29905,
3706,
29871,
29896,
4429,
411,
10825,
13516,
1286,
3939,
304,
7555,
1635,
306,
1012,
9356,
2802,
1635,
478,
2403,
29895,
742,
2802,
1635,
306,
1012,
9356,
2802,
1635,
478,
2403,
29895,
29892,
413,
11759,
29896,
29901,
29941,
22689,
450,
7182,
8162,
7555,
1635,
501,
2403,
29895,
29938,
526,
884,
3939,
304,
7555,
1635,
306,
1012,
9356,
2802,
1635,
501,
2403,
29895,
1504,
259,
13,
9842,
393,
445,
338,
13674,
1422,
515,
278,
1746,
2159,
6081,
9132,
297,
9779,
320,
999,
29912,
1491,
3471,
29901,
2671,
29918,
2311,
1118,
988,
278,
13391,
310,
278,
10825,
13516,
526,
451,
3939,
1156,
278,
6081,
29892,
871,
278,
1746,
2159,
338,
3939,
29889,
1334,
2737,
304,
445,
408,
278,
320,
7278,
29912,
5344,
6081,
1118,
1951,
278,
13391,
313,
2311,
29897,
310,
278,
10825,
13516,
29871,
23431,
491,
263,
7329,
310,
395,
29931,
13090,
313,
4187,
278,
1746,
2159,
9242,
443,
15033,
467,
450,
27871,
310,
7555,
1635,
501,
2403,
29895,
29938,
322,
7555,
1635,
478,
2403,
29895,
13090,
884,
6287,
491,
395,
29931,
29915,
1628,
408,
437,
278,
27871,
310,
599,
1014,
22854,
5545,
321,
29889,
29887,
1696,
297,
10244,
320,
999,
29912,
12743,
29901,
311,
510,
3283,
29913,
470,
10244,
320,
999,
29912,
12743,
29901,
13208,
1836,
6549,
29892,
278,
390,
14851,
310,
599,
11938,
297,
320,
999,
29912,
12743,
29901,
13208,
29913,
6287,
491,
395,
29931,
29915,
1628,
2411,
5890,
263,
2788,
21640,
310,
278,
779,
2892,
3187,
18850,
29938,
4128,
29889,
6549,
29892,
599,
17903,
1819,
310,
779,
2892,
3187,
18850,
29938,
4128,
508,
367,
27615,
964,
6043,
1819,
491,
13858,
263,
29871,
4636,
6081,
491,
263,
7329,
395,
29931,
13090,
988,
395,
29931,
13090,
338,
278,
3619,
14267,
1061,
310,
278,
17903,
1819,
29889,
739,
4477,
769,
515,
263,
6996,
3133,
537,
2980,
393,
29871,
263,
5142,
3438,
310,
779,
5268,
29914,
29931,
353,
285,
1194,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
7570,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
7570,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
7570,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
7570,
2892,
1262,
338,
884,
27012,
519,
363,
599,
1661,
29899,
22198,
1855,
4128,
779,
2892,
3187,
18850,
29938,
4967,
304,
278,
1021,
11938,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
4102,
12775,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
4230,
1836,
29871,
13,
13,
29905,
7235,
29912,
8909,
1259,
278,
18319,
310,
15542,
10384,
3097,
1012,
1643,
29912,
3471,
29901,
496,
10384,
519,
29888,
29913,
13,
7504,
3278,
304,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
496,
29885,
29896,
29906,
29941,
12775,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
496,
29888,
1118,
278,
12672,
3438,
14363,
491,
278,
11380,
5439,
297,
445,
4004,
338,
395,
29888,
1194,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
7570,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
7570,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
1118,
320,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
7570,
2892,
1262,
395,
29922,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
29905,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
1495,
3124,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29906,
29905,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29906,
1495,
3124,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29941,
29905,
6563,
29905,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29941,
1495,
29899,
29906,
29905,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
12775,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
12775,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
12775,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
12775,
2892,
1628,
607,
508,
367,
27545,
408,
263,
5608,
1824,
975,
599,
1661,
29899,
22198,
1855,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
7570,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
7570,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
1118,
320,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
7570,
2892,
29938,
393,
15523,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
4102,
12775,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
4230,
1836,
7579,
304,
10244,
320,
999,
29912,
12743,
29901,
13208,
29913,
278,
14413,
995,
310,
278,
5608,
1824,
338,
5186,
304,
278,
14413,
5142,
3438,
779,
5268,
6622,
29938,
6790,
297,
10244,
320,
999,
29912,
12743,
29901,
3396,
1836,
7857,
29892,
278,
5296,
310,
29871,
27012,
3097,
338,
4866,
29889,
13,
4535,
29882,
5589,
29905,
17619,
29938,
13,
13,
13,
13,
29905,
2042,
29912,
28116,
310,
10244,
320,
999,
29912,
12743,
29901,
13208,
4229,
1643,
29912,
8017,
29901,
1885,
496,
29913,
13,
797,
445,
4004,
29892,
278,
7306,
338,
304,
6356,
393,
278,
14413,
1650,
304,
278,
5608,
1824,
6790,
297,
10244,
320,
999,
29912,
12743,
29901,
13208,
29913,
338,
13557,
304,
278,
14413,
12672,
3438,
779,
5268,
6622,
29938,
29871,
6790,
297,
10244,
320,
999,
29912,
12743,
29901,
3396,
1836,
29871,
13,
4789,
497,
393,
29892,
4967,
304,
278,
11938,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
4102,
12775,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
4230,
1118,
278,
5608,
1824,
297,
10244,
320,
999,
29912,
12743,
29901,
13208,
29913,
14061,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
12,
29943,
6622,
29987,
2013,
1195,
1665,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
7570,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
7570,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
7570,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
1118,
320,
2892,
29905,
262,
29905,
1995,
29912,
29934,
2137,
29974,
29913,
29871,
286,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29885,
29918,
29906,
29974,
29885,
29918,
29941,
29899,
29906,
29905,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
7402,
320,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
12775,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941
] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| -0.187912 | 1.947321 | -1.056987 | 0.247663 |
}-\lambda_{23}-\lambda\\
&=\min_{\lambda_{123},\lambda_{12},\lambda_{13},\lambda_{23}, \lambda\in\mathbb{R}^+}f(\lambda_{123},\lambda_{12},\lambda_{13},\lambda_{23}, \lambda).
\end{align}
Therefore, our goal is to prove that $F^*=\Delta^*$.
Recall from Section \ref{sec:achievablef} that the broadcast cost of $f(\lambda_{123},\lambda_{12},\lambda_{13},\lambda_{23}, \lambda)$ is achievable for all non-negative real $\lambda_{123},\lambda_{12},\lambda_{13},\lambda_{23}, \lambda$ that satisfy the constraints \eqref{eq:constraintfirst}-\eqref{eq:constraintlast}. Thus, we have already established that the optimal broadcast cost $\Delta^*\leq F^*$. It only remains to show the other direction, i.e., $\Delta^*\geq F^*$, which will prove that $F^*=\Delta^*$. For this, we proceed from both directions. First, in Subsection \ref{sec:manipulatedeltastar}, we manipulate $\Delta^*$ into an equivalent form. Then, in Subsection \ref{sec:solveLP} we show that the solution to the linear program, $F^*$ matches that form.
\subsection{Equivalent expression for $\Delta^*$ with compact notation}\label{sec:manipulatedeltastar}
To avoid lengthy notation due to the repetitive use of conditional ranks, let us introduce the following compact forms.
\begin{align} \label{eq:def_c}
& r_{123} \triangleq \min_{k\in [1:3]}\rk(\bU_{123}\mid \bV_k'), \\
&r_{12} \triangleq \min_{k\in\{1,2\}} \rk(\bU_{12}\mid\bV_k'), && r_{13} \triangleq \min_{k\in\{1,3\}}\rk(\bU_{13}\mid\bV_k') && r_{23} \triangleq \min_{k\in\{2,3\}} \rk(\bU_{23}\mid\bV_k'), \\
& r_{12,13} \triangleq \rk(\bU_{12},\bU_{13}|\bV_1'), && r_{12,23} \triangleq \rk(\bU_{12},\bU_{23}|\bV_2') && r_{13,23} \triangleq \rk(\bU_{13},\bU_{23}|\bV_3'), \\
& r_{1(2,3)} \triangleq \rk(\bU_{1(2,3)}|\bV_1'), && r_{2(1,3)} \triangleq \rk(\bU_{2(1,3)}|\bV_2') && r_{3(1,2)} \triangleq \rk(\bU_{3(1,2)}|\bV_3').
\end{align}
It follows that,
\begin{align} \label{eq:r_con}
r_{12,13} \geq \max\{r_{12},r_{13}\},&&r_{12,23} \geq \max\{r_{12},r_{23}\},&& r_{13,23} \geq \max\{r_{13},r_{23}\}.
\end{align}
Note that by these notations, the constraints \eqref{eq:constraintfirst}-\eqref{eq:constraintlast} for $\lambda_{\bullet}$ can be equivalently posed as
\begin{align}
&\eqref{eq:constraintfirst}- \eqref{eq:constraintthird} \iff && \lambda_{123} \leq r_{123},\label{eq:constraint_123} \\
&\eqref{eq:constraintfourth} \mbox{ and } \eqref{eq:constraintfifth}\iff && \lambda_{12}+\lambda_{123} \leq r_{12},\label{eq:constraint_12} \\
&\eqref{eq:constraintsixth} \mbox{ and } \eqref{eq:constraintsevent
|
[
12775,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
12775,
2892,
1966,
13,
12,
29987,
2013,
1195,
1665,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
7570,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
7570,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
7570,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
1118,
320,
2892,
29905,
262,
29905,
1995,
29912,
29934,
2137,
29974,
29913,
29888,
1194,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
7570,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
7570,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
7570,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
1118,
320,
2892,
467,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
8439,
1079,
29892,
1749,
7306,
338,
304,
6356,
393,
29871,
395,
29943,
6622,
2013,
5268,
6622,
1504,
13,
4789,
497,
515,
9779,
320,
999,
29912,
3471,
29901,
496,
10384,
519,
29888,
29913,
393,
278,
12672,
3438,
310,
395,
29888,
1194,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
7570,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
7570,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
7570,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
1118,
320,
2892,
1262,
338,
27012,
519,
363,
599,
1661,
29899,
22198,
1855,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
7570,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
7570,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
7570,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
1118,
320,
2892,
29938,
393,
15523,
278,
11938,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
4102,
12775,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
4230,
1836,
6549,
29892,
591,
505,
2307,
7841,
393,
278,
14413,
12672,
3438,
779,
5268,
6622,
29905,
3797,
383,
6622,
1504,
739,
871,
9242,
304,
1510,
278,
916,
5305,
29892,
474,
29889,
29872,
1696,
779,
5268,
6622,
29905,
6279,
383,
6622,
1628,
607,
674,
6356,
393,
395,
29943,
6622,
2013,
5268,
6622,
1504,
1152,
445,
29892,
591,
8469,
515,
1716,
18112,
29889,
3824,
29892,
297,
3323,
2042,
320,
999,
29912,
3471,
29901,
1171,
666,
7964,
2152,
579,
279,
1118,
591,
29871,
26749,
779,
5268,
6622,
29938,
964,
385,
7126,
883,
29889,
1987,
29892,
297,
3323,
2042,
320,
999,
29912,
3471,
29901,
2929,
345,
13208,
29913,
591,
1510,
393,
278,
1650,
304,
278,
5608,
1824,
29892,
395,
29943,
6622,
29938,
7087,
393,
883,
29889,
13,
29905,
7235,
29912,
6108,
27445,
4603,
363,
779,
5268,
6622,
29938,
411,
11071,
12640,
1012,
1643,
29912,
3471,
29901,
1171,
666,
7964,
2152,
579,
279,
29913,
13,
1762,
4772,
3309,
29891,
12640,
2861,
304,
278,
21159,
3321,
671,
310,
15047,
27871,
29892,
1235,
502,
14944,
278,
1494,
11071,
7190,
29889,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
320,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
1753,
29918,
29883,
29913,
13,
12,
29987,
364,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29913,
320,
26701,
29939,
320,
1195,
648,
29895,
29905,
262,
518,
29896,
29901,
29941,
29962,
1012,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1012,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29895,
5477,
2474,
13,
12,
29987,
29878,
648,
29896,
29906,
29913,
320,
26701,
29939,
320,
1195,
648,
29895,
29905,
262,
10045,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29905,
930,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29906,
1012,
6563,
29905,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29895,
5477,
2607,
364,
648,
29896,
29941,
29913,
320,
26701,
29939,
320,
1195,
648,
29895,
29905,
262,
10045,
29896,
29892,
29941,
29905,
4229,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29941,
1012,
6563,
29905,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29895,
1495,
2607,
364,
648,
29906,
29941,
29913,
320,
26701,
29939,
320,
1195,
648,
29895,
29905,
262,
10045,
29906,
29892,
29941,
29905,
930,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29906,
29941,
1012,
6563,
29905,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29895,
5477,
2474,
13,
12,
29987,
364,
648,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29896,
29941,
29913,
320,
26701,
29939,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29906,
7570,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29941,
29913,
4295,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
5477,
2607,
364,
648,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29906,
29941,
29913,
320,
26701,
29939,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29906,
7570,
29890,
29965,
648,
29906,
29941,
29913,
4295,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29906,
1495,
2607,
364,
648,
29896,
29941,
29892,
29906,
29941,
29913,
320,
26701,
29939,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29941,
7570,
29890,
29965,
648,
29906,
29941,
29913,
4295,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29941,
5477,
2474,
13,
12,
29987,
29871,
364,
648,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29892,
29941,
2915,
320,
26701,
29939,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29892,
29941,
2915,
4295,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
5477,
2607,
364,
648,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29941,
2915,
320,
26701,
29939,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29941,
2915,
4295,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29906,
1495,
2607,
364,
648,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
2915,
320,
26701,
29939,
320,
29878,
29895,
1194,
29890,
29965,
648,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
2915,
4295,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29941,
2824,
29871,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
3112,
4477,
393,
29892,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
320,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
29878,
29918,
535,
29913,
13,
12,
29878,
648,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29896,
29941,
29913,
320,
6279,
320,
3317,
10045,
29878,
648,
29896,
29906,
1118,
29878,
648,
29896,
29941,
1012,
1118,
12774,
29878,
648,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29906,
29941,
29913,
320,
6279,
320,
3317,
10045,
29878,
648,
29896,
29906,
1118,
29878,
648,
29906,
29941,
1012,
1118,
12774,
29871,
364,
648,
29896,
29941,
29892,
29906,
29941,
29913,
320,
6279,
320,
3317,
10045,
29878,
648,
29896,
29941,
1118,
29878,
648,
29906,
29941,
1012,
1836,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
9842,
393,
491,
1438,
451,
800,
29892,
278,
11938,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
4102,
12775,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
4230,
29913,
363,
779,
2892,
1665,
18850,
1042,
508,
367,
5737,
2705,
926,
287,
408,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
12,
11035,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
4102,
7402,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
22585,
29913,
320,
2593,
2607,
320,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29913,
320,
3797,
364,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
7570,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
29918,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29913,
2474,
13,
12,
11035,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
17823,
386,
29913,
320,
8264,
29912,
322,
500,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
28491,
386,
1012,
2593,
2607,
29871,
320,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29913,
320,
3797,
364,
648,
29896,
29906,
7570,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
29918,
29896,
29906,
29913,
2474,
13,
12,
11035,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
28319,
386,
29913,
320,
8264,
29912,
322,
500,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
344,
794
] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| -0.545715 | 1.94213 | -1.401286 | -0.00721 |
h}\iff && \lambda_{13}+\lambda_{123} \leq r_{13}, \label{eq:constraint_13} \\
& \eqref{eq:constrainteighth} \mbox{ and } \eqref{eq:constraintninth}\iff && \lambda_{23}+\lambda_{123} \leq r_{23}, \label{eq:constraint_23} \\
& \eqref{eq:constraint12,13}\iff&& \lambda_{12} +\lambda_{13}+\lambda_{123} \leq r_{12,13}, \label{eq:constraint1213} \\
& \eqref{eq:constraint12,23}\iff && \lambda_{12} +\lambda_{23}+\lambda_{123} \leq r_{12,23}, \label{eq:constraint1223} \\
& \eqref{eq:constraint13,23}\iff&& \lambda_{13} +\lambda_{23}+\lambda_{123} \leq r_{13,23}, \label{eq:constraint1323} \\
&\eqref{eq:condlambda1(23)}\iff && \lambda+\lambda_{12}+\lambda_{13}+\lambda_{123} \leq r_{1(2,3)},\label{eq:constraint_1(23)} \\
& \eqref{eq:condlambda2(13)}\iff && \lambda+\lambda_{12}+\lambda_{23}+\lambda_{123} \leq r_{2(1,3)}, \label{eq:constraint_2(13)} \\
& \eqref{eq:constraintlast}\iff && \lambda+\lambda_{13}+\lambda_{23}+\lambda_{123} \leq r_{3(1,2)}. \label{eq:constraint_3(12)}
\end{align}
With these notations, we are able to express the $\Delta_1, \Delta_2$ values defined in Theorem \ref{thm:main} in the following equivalent forms.
For $\Delta_1^{ijk}$, we have
\begin{align}
\Delta_1^{123} &= \rk({\bf V}_1|{\bf V}_1') + \rk({\bf V}_2|{\bf V}_2')+\rk({\bf V}_3|{\bf V}_3') - \rk({\bf U}_{12}|{\bf V}_2') - \rk({\bf U}_{3(1,2)}|{\bf V}_3') \\
& = \rk({\bf V}_1) + \rk({\bf V}_2)+\rk({\bf V}_3) - \rk({\bf U}_{12}|{\bf V}_2') - \rk({\bf U}_{3(1,2)}|{\bf V}_3') \label{eq:Delta_1_full_rank} \\
& = m_1+m_2+m_3- \rk({\bf U}_{12}|{\bf V}_2') - r_{3(1,2)}
\end{align}
where \eqref{eq:Delta_1_full_rank} is due to \eqref{eq:full_rank_Uk},
and similarly
\begin{align}
\Delta_1^{213} &= m_1+m_2+m_3- \rk({\bf U}_{12}|{\bf V}_1') - r_{3(1,2)}
\end{align}
which implies that,
\begin{align}
\max\{\Delta_1^{123},\Delta_1^{213}\}& = m_1+m_2+m_3-\min\{\rk({\bf U}_{12}|{\bf V}_1'),\rk({\bf U}_{12}|{\bf V}_2')\}- r_{3(1,2)}\\
& = m_1+m_2+m_3-r_{12}- r_{3(1,2)}\\
& \triangleq \delta_3
\end{align}
By taking the pairwise maximum of $\{\Delta_1^{132},\Delta_1^{312}\}$ and $\{\Delta_1^{231},\Delta_1^{321}\}$ respectively, we similarly obtain $\delta_{1}$
|
[
29882,
1012,
2593,
2607,
29871,
320,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29913,
320,
3797,
364,
648,
29896,
29941,
1118,
29871,
320,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
29918,
29896,
29941,
29913,
2474,
13,
12,
29987,
29871,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
3075,
6038,
371,
18919,
29913,
320,
8264,
29912,
322,
500,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
29876,
22653,
1012,
2593,
2607,
320,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29913,
320,
3797,
364,
648,
29906,
29941,
1118,
320,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
29918,
29906,
29941,
29913,
2474,
13,
12,
29987,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29896,
29941,
1012,
2593,
12774,
320,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29913,
17501,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29913,
29871,
320,
3797,
364,
648,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29896,
29941,
1118,
320,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
29896,
29906,
29896,
29941,
29913,
2474,
13,
12,
29987,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29906,
29941,
1012,
2593,
2607,
320,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29913,
17501,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29913,
29871,
320,
3797,
364,
648,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29906,
29941,
1118,
259,
320,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
29896,
29906,
29906,
29941,
29913,
2474,
13,
12,
29987,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
29896,
29941,
29892,
29906,
29941,
1012,
2593,
12774,
320,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
29913,
17501,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29913,
29871,
320,
3797,
364,
648,
29896,
29941,
29892,
29906,
29941,
1118,
320,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
29896,
29941,
29906,
29941,
29913,
2474,
13,
12,
11035,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
1116,
2892,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29941,
11383,
2593,
2607,
320,
2892,
3124,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29913,
320,
3797,
259,
364,
648,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29892,
29941,
29897,
7570,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
29918,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29941,
2915,
2474,
13,
12,
29987,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
1116,
2892,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29941,
11383,
2593,
2607,
320,
2892,
3124,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
10869,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29913,
320,
3797,
364,
648,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29941,
19230,
320,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
29918,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29941,
2915,
2474,
13,
12,
29987,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
4230,
1012,
2593,
2607,
320,
2892,
3124,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
10869,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
10869,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29913,
320,
3797,
364,
648,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29512,
320,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
29918,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29906,
2915,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
13,
3047,
1438,
451,
800,
29892,
591,
526,
2221,
304,
4653,
278,
779,
5268,
29918,
29896,
29892,
320,
5268,
29918,
29906,
29938,
1819,
3342,
297,
10244,
320,
999,
29912,
12743,
29901,
3396,
29913,
297,
278,
1494,
7126,
7190,
29889,
13,
2831,
779,
5268,
29918,
29896,
998,
13535,
4429,
591,
505,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
12,
29905,
5268,
29918,
29896,
998,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29913,
7878,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
478,
2403,
29896,
29989,
741,
1635,
478,
2403,
29896,
1495,
718,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
478,
2403,
29906,
29989,
741,
1635,
478,
2403,
29906,
1495,
3124,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
478,
2403,
29941,
29989,
741,
1635,
478,
2403,
29941,
1495,
448,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
11079,
741,
1635,
478,
2403,
29906,
1495,
29871,
448,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
2915,
29989,
741,
1635,
478,
2403,
29941,
1495,
2474,
13,
12,
29987,
353,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
478,
2403,
29896,
29897,
718,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
478,
2403,
29906,
20843,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
478,
2403,
29941,
29897,
448,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
11079,
741,
1635,
478,
2403,
29906,
1495,
29871,
448,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
2915,
29989,
741,
1635,
478,
2403,
29941,
1495,
320,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
5268,
29918,
29896,
29918,
8159,
29918,
10003,
29913,
2474,
13,
12,
29987,
353,
286,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29885,
29918,
29906,
29974,
29885,
29918,
29941,
29899,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
11079,
741,
1635,
478,
2403,
29906,
1495,
29871,
448,
364,
648,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
2915,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
3062,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
5268,
29918,
29896,
29918,
8159,
29918,
10003,
29913,
338,
2861,
304,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
8159,
29918,
10003,
29918,
29965,
29895,
1118,
13,
392,
22829,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
12,
29905,
5268,
29918,
29896,
998,
29906,
29896,
29941,
29913,
7878,
286,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29885,
29918,
29906,
29974,
29885,
29918,
29941,
29899,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
11079,
741,
1635,
478,
2403,
29896,
1495,
29871,
448,
364,
648,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
2915,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
4716,
10469,
393,
29892,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
12,
29905,
3317,
24976,
5268,
29918,
29896,
998,
29896,
29906,
29941,
7570,
5268,
29918,
29896,
998,
29906,
29896,
29941,
1012,
15704,
353,
286,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29885,
29918,
29906,
29974,
29885,
29918,
29941,
2612,
1195,
24976,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
11079,
741,
1635,
478,
2403,
29896,
5477,
29905,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
11079,
741,
1635,
478,
2403,
29906,
1495,
29905,
7402,
364,
648,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29897,
9952,
13,
12,
29987,
353,
286,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29885,
29918,
29906,
29974,
29885,
29918,
29941,
29899,
29878,
648,
29896,
29906,
7402,
364,
648,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29897,
9952,
13,
12,
29987,
320,
26701,
29939,
320,
4181,
29918,
29941,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
2059,
5622,
278,
5101,
3538,
7472,
310,
779,
741,
5268,
29918,
29896,
998,
29896,
29941,
29906,
7570,
5268,
29918,
29896,
998,
29941,
29896,
29906,
1012,
1042,
322,
779,
741,
5268,
29918,
29896,
998,
29906,
29941,
29896,
7570,
5268,
29918,
29896,
998,
29941,
29906,
29896,
1012,
1042,
8307,
29892,
591,
22829,
4017,
779,
4181,
648,
29896,
1042
] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| -0.595302 | 1.94213 | -1.22555 | 0.008601 |
and $\delta_{2}$ as follows.
\begin{align}
&\delta_1 \triangleq \max\{\Delta_1^{132},\Delta_1^{312}\} = m_1+m_2+m_3-r_{23}-r_{1(2,3)},\\
&\delta_2 \triangleq \max\{\Delta_1^{231},\Delta_1^{321}\} = m_1+m_2+m_3-r_{13}-r_{2(1,3)}.
\end{align}
For $\Delta_2^{ijk}$, first note that $\Delta_2^{123} = \Delta_2^{132}$. Thus, we have,
\begin{align}
&\max\{\Delta_2^{123}, \Delta_2^{132}\} = \Delta_2^{123} \notag \\
& = \rk({\bf V}_1\mid \bV_1') + \rk({\bf V}_2\mid \bV_2') + \rk({\bf V}_3\mid \bV_3') \notag\\
&\hspace{1cm}- \frac{1}{2} \Bigg(\min_{\ell\in [1:3]} \big(\rk({\bf U}_{123}\mid {\bf V}_\ell')\big) +\rk({\bf U}_{12},{\bf U}_{13}\mid {\bf V}_1') +\rk({\bf U}_{2(1,3)}\mid {\bf V}_2') + \rk({\bf U}_{3(1,2)}\mid {\bf V}_3') \Bigg) \\
& = \rk({\bf V}_1) + \rk({\bf V}_2) + \rk({\bf V}_3) \notag\\
&\hspace{1cm}- \frac{1}{2} \Bigg(\min_{\ell\in [1:3]} \big(\rk({\bf U}_{123}\mid {\bf V}_\ell')\big) +\rk({\bf U}_{12},{\bf U}_{13}\mid {\bf V}_1') +\rk({\bf U}_{2(1,3)}\mid {\bf V}_2) + \rk({\bf U}_{3(1,2)}\mid {\bf V}_3') \Bigg) \label{eq:Delta_2_full_rank} \\
&= m_1+m_2+m_3 - \frac{1}{2}\Big(r_{123}+r_{12,13}+r_{2(1,3)}+r_{3(1,2)} \Big) \\
&\triangleq \delta_{23}
\end{align}
where \eqref{eq:Delta_2_full_rank} is due to \eqref{eq:full_rank_Uk}.
By taking the pairwise maximum of $\{\Delta_2^{213},\Delta_2^{231}\}$ and $\{\Delta_2^{312},\Delta_2^{321}\}$ respectively, we similarly obtain,
\begin{align}
&\delta_{13} \triangleq \max\{\Delta_2^{213},\Delta_2^{231}\} = m_1+m_2+m_3-\frac{1}{2}\Big( r_{123}+r_{12,23}+r_{1(2,3)}+r_{3(1,2)} \Big),\\
&\delta_{12} \triangleq \max\{\Delta_2^{312},\Delta_2^{321}\} = m_1+m_2+m_3-\frac{1}{2}\Big( r_{123}+r_{13,23}+r_{1(2,3)}+r_{2(1,3)} \Big).
\end{align}
Thus, we have,
\begin{align} \label{eq:converse_f}
\Delta^* = \max\{\Delta_1, \Delta_2\} = \max\{\delta_{1},\delta_{2},\delta_{3},\delta_{12},\delta_{13},\delta_{23}\}.
\end{align}
\subsection{Solving the Linear Program of Theorem \ref{thm:LP}: Constrained Waterfilling}\label{sec:solveLP}
|
[
322,
779,
4181,
648,
29906,
1042,
408,
4477,
29889,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
12,
11035,
4181,
29918,
29896,
320,
26701,
29939,
320,
3317,
24976,
5268,
29918,
29896,
998,
29896,
29941,
29906,
7570,
5268,
29918,
29896,
998,
29941,
29896,
29906,
1012,
29913,
353,
29871,
286,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29885,
29918,
29906,
29974,
29885,
29918,
29941,
29899,
29878,
648,
29906,
29941,
7402,
29878,
648,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29892,
29941,
19230,
1966,
13,
12,
11035,
4181,
29918,
29906,
320,
26701,
29939,
320,
3317,
24976,
5268,
29918,
29896,
998,
29906,
29941,
29896,
7570,
5268,
29918,
29896,
998,
29941,
29906,
29896,
1012,
29913,
353,
29871,
286,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29885,
29918,
29906,
29974,
29885,
29918,
29941,
29899,
29878,
648,
29896,
29941,
7402,
29878,
648,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29941,
29512,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
2831,
779,
5268,
29918,
29906,
998,
13535,
4429,
937,
4443,
393,
779,
5268,
29918,
29906,
998,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29913,
353,
320,
5268,
29918,
29906,
998,
29896,
29941,
29906,
4311,
6549,
29892,
591,
505,
29892,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
12,
11035,
3317,
24976,
5268,
29918,
29906,
998,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1118,
320,
5268,
29918,
29906,
998,
29896,
29941,
29906,
1012,
29913,
353,
320,
5268,
29918,
29906,
998,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29913,
320,
1333,
351,
2474,
13,
12,
29987,
353,
29871,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
478,
2403,
29896,
29905,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29896,
1495,
718,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
478,
2403,
29906,
29905,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29906,
1495,
718,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
478,
2403,
29941,
29905,
6563,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29941,
1495,
320,
1333,
351,
1966,
13,
11035,
14158,
29912,
29896,
4912,
7402,
320,
1154,
29912,
29896,
1157,
29906,
29913,
320,
6970,
29887,
1194,
1195,
1665,
514,
29905,
262,
518,
29896,
29901,
29941,
12258,
320,
3752,
1194,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1012,
6563,
2802,
1635,
478,
12806,
514,
1495,
29905,
3752,
29897,
17501,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
1118,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29941,
1012,
6563,
2802,
1635,
478,
2403,
29896,
1495,
17501,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29941,
11383,
6563,
2802,
1635,
478,
2403,
29906,
1495,
718,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
11383,
6563,
2802,
1635,
478,
2403,
29941,
1495,
320,
6970,
29887,
29897,
2474,
13,
29987,
353,
29871,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
478,
2403,
29896,
29897,
718,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
478,
2403,
29906,
29897,
718,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
478,
2403,
29941,
29897,
320,
1333,
351,
1966,
13,
11035,
14158,
29912,
29896,
4912,
7402,
320,
1154,
29912,
29896,
1157,
29906,
29913,
320,
6970,
29887,
1194,
1195,
1665,
514,
29905,
262,
518,
29896,
29901,
29941,
12258,
320,
3752,
1194,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1012,
6563,
2802,
1635,
478,
12806,
514,
1495,
29905,
3752,
29897,
17501,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29906,
1118,
741,
1635,
501,
3227,
29896,
29941,
1012,
6563,
2802,
1635,
478,
2403,
29896,
1495,
17501,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29941,
11383,
6563,
2802,
1635,
478,
2403,
29906,
29897,
718,
320,
29878,
29895,
13670,
1635,
501,
3227,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
11383,
6563,
2802,
1635,
478,
2403,
29941,
1495,
320,
6970,
29887,
29897,
320,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
5268,
29918,
29906,
29918,
8159,
29918,
10003,
29913,
2474,
13,
12,
20644,
286,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29885,
29918,
29906,
29974,
29885,
29918,
29941,
448,
320,
1154,
29912,
29896,
1157,
29906,
1012,
6970,
29898,
29878,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
7517,
29878,
648,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29896,
29941,
7517,
29878,
648,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29941,
2915,
29974,
29878,
648,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
2915,
320,
6970,
29897,
2474,
13,
12,
11035,
26701,
29939,
320,
4181,
648,
29906,
29941,
29913,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
3062,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
5268,
29918,
29906,
29918,
8159,
29918,
10003,
29913,
338,
2861,
304,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
8159,
29918,
10003,
29918,
29965,
29895,
1836,
13,
2059,
5622,
278,
5101,
3538,
7472,
310,
779,
741,
5268,
29918,
29906,
998,
29906,
29896,
29941,
7570,
5268,
29918,
29906,
998,
29906,
29941,
29896,
1012,
1042,
322,
779,
741,
5268,
29918,
29906,
998,
29941,
29896,
29906,
7570,
5268,
29918,
29906,
998,
29941,
29906,
29896,
1012,
1042,
8307,
29892,
591,
22829,
4017,
29892,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
12,
11035,
4181,
648,
29896,
29941,
29913,
320,
26701,
29939,
320,
3317,
24976,
5268,
29918,
29906,
998,
29906,
29896,
29941,
7570,
5268,
29918,
29906,
998,
29906,
29941,
29896,
1012,
29913,
353,
286,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29885,
29918,
29906,
29974,
29885,
29918,
29941,
2612,
1154,
29912,
29896,
1157,
29906,
1012,
6970,
29898,
364,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
7517,
29878,
648,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29906,
29941,
7517,
29878,
648,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29892,
29941,
2915,
29974,
29878,
648,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
2915,
320,
6970,
511,
1966,
13,
12,
11035,
4181,
648,
29896,
29906,
29913,
320,
26701,
29939,
320,
3317,
24976,
5268,
29918,
29906,
998,
29941,
29896,
29906,
7570,
5268,
29918,
29906,
998,
29941,
29906,
29896,
1012,
29913,
353,
286,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29885,
29918,
29906,
29974,
29885,
29918,
29941,
2612,
1154,
29912,
29896,
1157,
29906,
1012,
6970,
29898,
364,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
7517,
29878,
648,
29896,
29941,
29892,
29906,
29941,
7517,
29878,
648,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29892,
29941,
2915,
29974,
29878,
648,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29941,
2915,
320,
6970,
467,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
1349,
375,
29892,
591,
505,
29892,
29871,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
320,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
535,
3901,
29918,
29888,
29913,
13,
12,
320,
5268,
6622,
353,
320,
3317,
24976,
5268,
29918,
29896,
29892,
320,
5268,
29918,
29906,
18105,
353,
320,
3317,
24976,
4181,
648,
29896,
7570,
4181,
648,
29906,
7570,
4181,
648,
29941,
7570,
4181,
648,
29896,
29906,
7570,
4181,
648,
29896,
29941,
7570,
4181,
648,
29906,
29941,
1012,
1836,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
13,
29905,
7235,
29912,
13296,
1747,
278,
22985,
7835,
310,
10244,
320,
999,
29912,
12743,
29901,
13208,
6177,
1281,
4151,
1312,
13062,
5589,
292,
1012,
1643,
29912,
3471,
29901,
2929,
345,
13208,
29913,
13,
13
] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| -0.493072 | 1.94213 | -0.95836 | 0.003542 |
Let us start with the following observations.
\begin{enumerate}
\item The optimal solution necessarily has $\lambda_{123} = r_{123}$ by \eqref{eq:constraint_123}.
\item The optimal solution necessarily has $\lambda = \min\{ r_{1(2,3)}-\lambda_{12}-\lambda_{13},r_{2(1,3)}-\lambda_{12}-\lambda_{23},r_{3(1,2)}-\lambda_{13}-\lambda_{23} \} - \lambda_{123}$ by \eqref{eq:constraint_1(23)}, \eqref{eq:constraint_2(13)} and \eqref{eq:constraint_3(12)}.
\end{enumerate}
Setting $\lambda_{123}$ and $\lambda$ to these values (note that both values are non-negative), the objective simplifies to the minimization of,
\begin{align}
&f = m_1+m_2+m_3 - 2r_{123} - \lambda_{12}-\lambda_{13}-\lambda_{23} \notag \\
&~~~~~~~- \min\{ r_{1(2,3)}-\lambda_{12}-\lambda_{13},r_{2(1,3)}-\lambda_{12}-\lambda_{23},r_{3(1,2)}-\lambda_{13}-\lambda_{23} \}+r_{123} \\
& = m_1+m_2+m_3-r_{123} - \min \{ r_{1(2,3)}+\lambda_{23},~~r_{2(1,3)}+\lambda_{13},~~r_{3(1,2)}+\lambda_{12} \},\label{eq:mapthistowf}
\end{align}
and thus, we focus on $\lambda_{12},\lambda_{13}$ and $\lambda_{23}$. Note that minimization of $f$ is equivalent to the maximization of the minimum of the three terms: $r_{1(2,3)}+\lambda_{23}$, $r_{2(1,3)}+\lambda_{13}$, and $r_{3(1,2)}+\lambda_{12}$. Intuitively, this optimization may be seen as a constrained waterfilling problem. To make the connection to waterfilling clear, let us further introduce the following notation.
\begin{align}
&b_1 \triangleq r_{1(2,3)}, &&w_1^{max} \triangleq r_{23}-r_{123}, \\
&b_2 \triangleq r_{2(1,3)}, &&w_2^{max} \triangleq r_{13}-r_{123}, \\
&b_3 \triangleq r_{3(1,2)}, &&w_3^{max} \triangleq r_{12}-r_{123}, \\
&w_{1} \triangleq \lambda_{23}, && w_{1,2}^{max} \triangleq r_{13,23} - r_{123}, \\
&w_{2} \triangleq \lambda_{13}, &&w_{1,3}^{max} \triangleq r_{12,23} - r_{123}, \\
&w_{3} \triangleq \lambda_{12}, &&w_{2,3}^{max} \triangleq r_{12,13} - r_{123}.
\end{align}
With this notation, the optimization problem is
\begin{align}
& \mbox{maxmize} ~ h_{min}\triangleq \min \{ b_1+w_1,b_2+w_2,b_3+w_3 \},\\
& ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~s.t. \begin{cases}
w_1,w_2,w_3 \in \mathbb{R}^+, \\
w_1 \leq w_1^{max}, \\
w_2 \leq w_2^{max}, \\
w_3 \leq w_3^{max}, \\
w_1+w_2 \leq w_{1,2}^{max}, \\
w_1+w_3 \leq w_{1,3}^{max}, \\
w_2+w_3 \leq w_{2,3}^{
|
[
12024,
502,
1369,
411,
278,
1494,
13917,
29889,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
15172,
29913,
13,
12,
29905,
667,
450,
14413,
1650,
12695,
756,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29913,
353,
364,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1042,
491,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
29918,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1836,
13,
12,
29905,
667,
450,
14413,
1650,
12695,
756,
779,
2892,
353,
320,
1195,
10045,
364,
648,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29892,
29941,
2915,
2612,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
12775,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
1118,
29878,
648,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29941,
2915,
2612,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
12775,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
1118,
29878,
648,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
2915,
2612,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
12775,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
29913,
320,
29913,
448,
320,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1042,
491,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
29918,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29941,
19230,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
29918,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29941,
2915,
322,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
13646,
29918,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29906,
29512,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
15172,
29913,
13,
29020,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1042,
322,
779,
2892,
29938,
304,
1438,
1819,
313,
6812,
393,
1716,
1819,
526,
1661,
29899,
22198,
511,
278,
12091,
5466,
11057,
304,
278,
6260,
2133,
310,
29892,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
12,
29987,
29888,
353,
286,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29885,
29918,
29906,
29974,
29885,
29918,
29941,
448,
29871,
29906,
29878,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29913,
448,
320,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
12775,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
12775,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
29913,
320,
1333,
351,
2474,
13,
12,
29987,
14087,
7377,
30022,
29899,
320,
1195,
10045,
364,
648,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29892,
29941,
2915,
2612,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
12775,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
1118,
29878,
648,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29941,
2915,
2612,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
12775,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
1118,
29878,
648,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
2915,
2612,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
12775,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
29913,
320,
7517,
29878,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29913,
2474,
13,
12,
29987,
353,
286,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29885,
29918,
29906,
29974,
29885,
29918,
29941,
29899,
29878,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29913,
448,
320,
1195,
9991,
364,
648,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29892,
29941,
2915,
3124,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
1118,
7377,
29878,
648,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29941,
2915,
3124,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
1118,
7377,
29878,
648,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
2915,
3124,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
29913,
320,
7570,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
1958,
386,
391,
340,
29888,
29913,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
392,
4550,
29892,
591,
8569,
373,
779,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
7570,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
1042,
322,
779,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
4311,
3940,
393,
6260,
2133,
310,
395,
29888,
29938,
338,
7126,
304,
278,
5256,
2133,
310,
278,
9212,
310,
278,
2211,
4958,
29901,
395,
29878,
648,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29892,
29941,
2915,
3124,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
4429,
395,
29878,
648,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29941,
2915,
3124,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
4429,
322,
395,
29878,
648,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
2915,
3124,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
4311,
3159,
3121,
3598,
29892,
445,
13883,
1122,
367,
3595,
408,
263,
1040,
22042,
4094,
5589,
292,
1108,
29889,
1763,
1207,
278,
3957,
304,
4094,
5589,
292,
2821,
29892,
1235,
502,
4340,
14944,
278,
1494,
12640,
29889,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
12,
29987,
29890,
29918,
29896,
320,
26701,
29939,
364,
648,
29896,
29898,
29906,
29892,
29941,
19230,
2607,
29893,
29918,
29896,
998,
3317,
29913,
320,
26701,
29939,
364,
648,
29906,
29941,
7402,
29878,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1118,
2474,
13,
12,
29987,
29890,
29918,
29906,
320,
26701,
29939,
364,
648,
29906,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29941,
19230,
2607,
29893,
29918,
29906,
998,
3317,
29913,
320,
26701,
29939,
364,
648,
29896,
29941,
7402,
29878,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1118,
2474,
13,
12,
29987,
29890,
29918,
29941,
320,
26701,
29939,
364,
648,
29941,
29898,
29896,
29892,
29906,
19230,
2607,
29893,
29918,
29941,
998,
3317,
29913,
320,
26701,
29939,
364,
648,
29896,
29906,
7402,
29878,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1118,
2474,
13,
12,
29987,
29893,
648,
29896,
29913,
320,
26701,
29939,
320,
2892,
648,
29906,
29941,
1118,
2607,
12,
29893,
648,
29896,
29892,
29906,
2844,
3317,
29913,
320,
26701,
29939,
364,
648,
29896,
29941,
29892,
29906,
29941,
29913,
448,
364,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1118,
2474,
13,
12,
29987,
29893,
648,
29906,
29913,
320,
26701,
29939,
320,
2892,
648,
29896,
29941,
1118,
2607,
29893,
648,
29896,
29892,
29941,
2844,
3317,
29913,
320,
26701,
29939,
364,
648,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29906,
29941,
29913,
448,
364,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1118,
2474,
13,
12,
29987,
29893,
648,
29941,
29913,
320,
26701,
29939,
320,
2892,
648,
29896,
29906,
1118,
2607,
29893,
648,
29906,
29892,
29941,
2844,
3317,
29913,
320,
26701,
29939,
364,
648,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29896,
29941,
29913,
448,
364,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
1836,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
3047,
445,
12640,
29892,
278,
13883,
1108,
338,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
12,
29987,
320,
8264,
29912,
3317,
29885,
675,
29913,
3695,
298,
648,
1195,
1012,
26701,
29939,
320,
1195,
9991,
289,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29893,
29918,
29896,
29892,
29890,
29918,
29906,
29974,
29893,
29918,
29906,
29892,
29890,
29918,
29941,
29974,
29893,
29918,
29941,
320,
1118,
1966,
13,
12,
29987,
3695,
26594,
14087,
7377,
30022,
29879,
29889,
29873,
29889,
320,
463,
29912,
11436,
29913,
13,
12,
12,
29893,
29918,
29896,
29892,
29893,
29918,
29906,
29892,
29893,
29918,
29941,
320,
262,
320,
1995,
29912,
29934,
2137,
29974,
29892,
2474,
13,
12,
12,
29893,
29918,
29896,
320,
3797,
281,
29918,
29896,
998,
3317,
1118,
2474,
13,
12,
12,
29893,
29918,
29906,
320,
3797,
281,
29918,
29906,
998,
3317,
1118,
2474,
13,
12,
12,
29893,
29918,
29941,
320,
3797,
281,
29918,
29941,
998,
3317,
1118,
2474,
13,
12,
12,
29893,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29893,
29918,
29906,
320,
3797,
281,
648,
29896,
29892,
29906,
2844,
3317,
1118,
2474,
13,
12,
12,
29893,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29893,
29918,
29941,
320,
3797,
281,
648,
29896,
29892,
29941,
2844,
3317,
1118,
2474,
13,
12,
12,
29893,
29918,
29906,
29974,
29893,
29918,
29941,
320,
3797,
281,
648,
29906,
29892,
29941,
2844
] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| -0.089589 | 1.750057 | -0.832834 | 0.866188 |
max}.
\end{cases} \label{eq:wf_constraints}
\end{align}
\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[-, thick](0,0) -- (0,3);
\draw[-, thick](1,0) -- (1,3);
\draw[-, thick](2,0) -- (2,3);
\draw[-, thick](3,0) -- (3,3);
\draw[-, thick](0,0) -- (3,0);
\draw[-, thick](0,0.75) -- (1,0.75);
\draw[-, thick](1,1.5) -- (2,1.5);
\draw[-, thick](2,2.25) -- (3,2.25);
\node[] at (0.5,0.3) {\footnotesize $b_1$};
\node[] at (1.5,0.7) {\footnotesize $b_2$};
\node[] at (2.5,1.1) {\footnotesize $b_3$};
\draw[dashed, thick](0,2.2) -- (1,2.2);
\draw[dashed, thick](1,2) -- (2,2);
\draw[dashed, thick](2,2.8) -- (3,2.8);
\node[] at (0.5,1.5) {\footnotesize $w_1$};
\node[] at (1.5,1.75) {\footnotesize $w_2$};
\node[] at (2.5,2.5) {\footnotesize $w_3$};
\draw[|<-](3.4,0) -- (3.4,0.5);
\draw[->|](3.4,1.5) -- (3.4,2);
\node[] at (3.4,1) {\footnotesize $h_{min}$};
\draw[dotted, thick] (2,2) -- (3.2,2);
\draw[dotted, thick] (3,0) -- (3.4,0);
\fill [gray, opacity=0.35] (0,0) rectangle (1,0.75);
\fill [gray, opacity=0.35] (1,0) rectangle (2,1.5);
\fill [gray, opacity=0.35] (2,0) rectangle (3,2.25);
\fill [cyan, opacity=0.35] (0,0.75) rectangle (1,2.2);
\fill [cyan, opacity=0.35] (1,1.5) rectangle (2,2);
\fill [cyan, opacity=0.35] (2,2.25) rectangle (3,2.8);
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Constrained Waterfilling.}\label{fig:wf}
\end{figure}
Let us explain the waterfilling analogy. There are three adjacent vessels as shown in Fig. \ref{fig:wf}, labeled $1,2,3$ from left to right. Vessels $1,2,3$ have base levels (shown in gray) at heights $b_1,b_2,b_3$, respectively. We are allowed to add $w_1,w_2,w_3$ amounts of water to Vessel $1$, Vessel $2$ and Vessel $3$, respectively according to the constraints \eqref{eq:wf_constraints}, in order to maximize $h_{min}$, i.e., the minimum of the heights of water in the three vessels. The objective from \eqref{eq:mapthistowf} now maps to the waterfilling problem as,
\begin{align}
f=m_1+m_2+m_3-r_{123}-h_{min}.
\end{align}
Note that the first three constraints in \eqref{eq:wf_constraints} are constraints on the capacity (for holding water) of individual vessels, and the last three constraints are for pairs of vessels. Furthermore, we have $\max\{w_1^{max},
|
[
3317,
1836,
13,
12,
29905,
355,
29912,
11436,
29913,
320,
1643,
29912,
1837,
29901,
29893,
29888,
29918,
13646,
29879,
29913,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
4532,
4400,
400,
25288,
29962,
13,
12,
29905,
9525,
13,
12,
29905,
463,
29912,
17147,
29913,
268,
13,
1678,
320,
4012,
14352,
29892,
12003,
850,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29897,
1192,
313,
29900,
29892,
29941,
416,
13,
1678,
320,
4012,
14352,
29892,
12003,
850,
29896,
29892,
29900,
29897,
1192,
313,
29896,
29892,
29941,
416,
13,
1678,
320,
4012,
14352,
29892,
12003,
850,
29906,
29892,
29900,
29897,
1192,
313,
29906,
29892,
29941,
416,
13,
1678,
320,
4012,
14352,
29892,
12003,
850,
29941,
29892,
29900,
29897,
1192,
313,
29941,
29892,
29941,
416,
13,
1678,
320,
4012,
14352,
29892,
12003,
850,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29897,
1192,
313,
29941,
29892,
29900,
416,
13,
1678,
320,
4012,
14352,
29892,
12003,
850,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29945,
29897,
1192,
313,
29896,
29892,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29945,
416,
13,
1678,
320,
4012,
14352,
29892,
12003,
850,
29896,
29892,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29897,
1192,
313,
29906,
29892,
29896,
29889,
29945,
416,
13,
1678,
320,
4012,
14352,
29892,
12003,
850,
29906,
29892,
29906,
29889,
29906,
29945,
29897,
1192,
313,
29941,
29892,
29906,
29889,
29906,
29945,
416,
539,
13,
1678,
320,
3177,
2636,
472,
313,
29900,
29889,
29945,
29892,
29900,
29889,
29941,
29897,
2802,
6661,
16953,
675,
395,
29890,
29918,
29896,
24594,
13,
1678,
320,
3177,
2636,
472,
313,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29892,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29897,
2802,
6661,
16953,
675,
395,
29890,
29918,
29906,
24594,
13,
1678,
320,
3177,
2636,
472,
313,
29906,
29889,
29945,
29892,
29896,
29889,
29896,
29897,
2802,
6661,
16953,
675,
395,
29890,
29918,
29941,
24594,
13,
1678,
320,
4012,
29961,
14592,
287,
29892,
12003,
850,
29900,
29892,
29906,
29889,
29906,
29897,
1192,
313,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29889,
29906,
416,
13,
1678,
320,
4012,
29961,
14592,
287,
29892,
12003,
850,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29897,
1192,
313,
29906,
29892,
29906,
416,
13,
1678,
320,
4012,
29961,
14592,
287,
29892,
12003,
850,
29906,
29892,
29906,
29889,
29947,
29897,
1192,
313,
29941,
29892,
29906,
29889,
29947,
416,
13,
1678,
320,
3177,
2636,
472,
313,
29900,
29889,
29945,
29892,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29897,
2802,
6661,
16953,
675,
395,
29893,
29918,
29896,
24594,
13,
1678,
320,
3177,
2636,
472,
313,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29892,
29896,
29889,
29955,
29945,
29897,
2802,
6661,
16953,
675,
395,
29893,
29918,
29906,
24594,
13,
1678,
320,
3177,
2636,
472,
313,
29906,
29889,
29945,
29892,
29906,
29889,
29945,
29897,
2802,
6661,
16953,
675,
395,
29893,
29918,
29941,
24594,
13,
1678,
320,
4012,
29961,
29989,
16406,
850,
29941,
29889,
29946,
29892,
29900,
29897,
1192,
313,
29941,
29889,
29946,
29892,
29900,
29889,
29945,
416,
13,
1678,
320,
4012,
29961,
976,
29989,
850,
29941,
29889,
29946,
29892,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29897,
1192,
313,
29941,
29889,
29946,
29892,
29906,
416,
13,
1678,
320,
3177,
2636,
472,
313,
29941,
29889,
29946,
29892,
29896,
29897,
2802,
6661,
16953,
675,
395,
29882,
648,
1195,
1042,
3400,
13,
1678,
320,
4012,
29961,
29881,
15048,
29892,
12003,
29962,
313,
29906,
29892,
29906,
29897,
1192,
313,
29941,
29889,
29906,
29892,
29906,
416,
13,
1678,
320,
4012,
29961,
29881,
15048,
29892,
12003,
29962,
313,
29941,
29892,
29900,
29897,
1192,
313,
29941,
29889,
29946,
29892,
29900,
416,
13,
1678,
320,
5589,
518,
21012,
29892,
17012,
29922,
29900,
29889,
29941,
29945,
29962,
313,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29897,
16701,
313,
29896,
29892,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29945,
416,
13,
1678,
320,
5589,
518,
21012,
29892,
17012,
29922,
29900,
29889,
29941,
29945,
29962,
313,
29896,
29892,
29900,
29897,
16701,
313,
29906,
29892,
29896,
29889,
29945,
416,
13,
1678,
320,
5589,
518,
21012,
29892,
17012,
29922,
29900,
29889,
29941,
29945,
29962,
313,
29906,
29892,
29900,
29897,
16701,
313,
29941,
29892,
29906,
29889,
29906,
29945,
416,
13,
1678,
320,
5589,
518,
1270,
273,
29892,
17012,
29922,
29900,
29889,
29941,
29945,
29962,
313,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29945,
29897,
16701,
313,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29889,
29906,
416,
13,
1678,
320,
5589,
518,
1270,
273,
29892,
17012,
29922,
29900,
29889,
29941,
29945,
29962,
313,
29896,
29892,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29897,
16701,
313,
29906,
29892,
29906,
416,
13,
1678,
320,
5589,
518,
1270,
273,
29892,
17012,
29922,
29900,
29889,
29941,
29945,
29962,
313,
29906,
29892,
29906,
29889,
29906,
29945,
29897,
16701,
313,
29941,
29892,
29906,
29889,
29947,
416,
13,
12,
29905,
355,
29912,
17147,
29913,
13,
12,
29905,
6671,
29912,
14131,
1312,
13062,
5589,
292,
29889,
1012,
1643,
29912,
1003,
29901,
29893,
29888,
29913,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
4532,
29913,
13,
12024,
502,
5649,
278,
4094,
5589,
292,
3483,
6933,
29889,
1670,
526,
2211,
20114,
24479,
408,
4318,
297,
5104,
29889,
320,
999,
29912,
1003,
29901,
29893,
29888,
1118,
301,
24025,
395,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29892,
29941,
29938,
515,
2175,
304,
1492,
29889,
478,
404,
1379,
395,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29892,
29941,
29938,
505,
2967,
11174,
313,
845,
776,
297,
16749,
29897,
472,
3171,
29879,
395,
29890,
29918,
29896,
29892,
29890,
29918,
29906,
29892,
29890,
29918,
29941,
1628,
8307,
29889,
1334,
526,
6068,
304,
788,
395,
29893,
29918,
29896,
29892,
29893,
29918,
29906,
29892,
29893,
29918,
29941,
29938,
26999,
310,
4094,
304,
478,
25583,
395,
29896,
1628,
478,
25583,
395,
29906,
29938,
322,
478,
25583,
395,
29941,
1628,
8307,
5034,
304,
278,
11938,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
29893,
29888,
29918,
13646,
29879,
1118,
297,
1797,
304,
5256,
675,
395,
29882,
648,
1195,
4429,
474,
29889,
29872,
1696,
278,
9212,
310,
278,
3171,
29879,
310,
4094,
297,
278,
2211,
24479,
29889,
450,
12091,
515,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
1958,
386,
391,
340,
29888,
29913,
1286,
11053,
304,
278,
4094,
5589,
292,
1108,
408,
29892,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
29888,
29922,
29885,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29885,
29918,
29906,
29974,
29885,
29918,
29941,
29899,
29878,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
7402,
29882,
648,
1195,
1836,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2520,
29913,
13,
13,
9842,
393,
278,
937,
2211,
11938,
297,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
29893,
29888,
29918,
13646,
29879,
29913,
526,
11938,
373,
278,
29871,
13284,
313,
1454,
13587,
4094,
29897,
310,
5375,
24479,
29892,
322,
278,
1833,
2211,
11938,
526,
363,
11000,
310,
24479,
29889,
16478,
29892,
591,
505,
779,
3317,
10045,
29893,
29918,
29896,
998,
3317,
1118
] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| -1.118676 | 0.210885 | -1.702548 | -0.665262 |
w_2^{max}\}\leq w_{1,2}^{max}$ by \eqref{eq:r_con}, which ensures that the pairwise capacity constraints do not dominate the individual capacity constraints. Since the only constraints are on individual vessel capacities and pairwise vessel capacities, the optimal value of $h_{min}$ must correspond to one of the following outcomes.
\begin{enumerate}
\item $h_{min}$ is limited by the individual capacity of Vessel $i$, $i\in\{1,2,3\}$, which holds the maximum water it can, $w_i=w_i^{max}$. In this case, $h_{min}=b_i+w_i^{max}$ and $F^*\leq f =m_1+m_2+m_3-r_{123}-h_{min}=\delta_i\leq \Delta^*$.
\item $h_{min}$ is limited by the pairwise capacity of Vessels $i,j$, $(i,j)\in\{(1,2), (1,3), (2,3)\}$, which together hold the maximum water they can, i.e., $w_i+w_j=w_{i,j}^{max}$, and have the same final water level $h_{min}$. In this case, we have $(h_{min}-b_i)+(h_{min}-b_j)=w_{i,j}^{max}$ which gives us $h_{min}=\frac{b_i+b_j+w_{i,j}^{max}}{2}$ and $F^*\leq f=m_1+m_2+m_3-r_{123}-h_{min}=\delta_{ij}\leq \Delta^*$.
\end{enumerate}
Thus, in every case have $F^*\leq\Delta^*$, which completes the proof of Theorem \ref{thm:LP}.
$\hfill\square$
\section{Conclusion} \label{sec:conc}
The exact capacity of the $3$ user LCBC is found for all cases, i.e., for arbitrary finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$, arbitrary data dimension $d$, and arbitrary specifications of the users' desired computations and side-information $\bV_k', \bV_k$. The $3$ user setting introduces several intricacies that were not encountered in the $2$ user LCBC, such as the insufficiency of the entropic formulation for tight converse bounds, the need for functional submodularity, the rich variety of subspaces involved, random coding arguments to resolve discrepancies between the users' differing views of the same subspaces, the tradeoffs between the communication efficiencies associated with these subspaces, and the inherent optimization that led us to a constrained waterfilling solution. The fact that the $3$ user LCBC capacity turns out to be fully tractable despite these intricacies is surprising. In particular, we note that even though the $3$ user LCBC involves at least $6$ key subspaces in $\bV_k, \bV_k'$, $k\in\{1,2,3\}$, the solution did not require the Ingleton inequality, nor were non-Shannon inequalities required for the converse. Instead, the main tools used were Steinitz Exchange lemma, the dimension counting of pairwise unions and intersections of subspaces, functional submodularity, and the random coding argument invoked through the Schwartz-Zippel lemma. The tractability of the $3$ user LCBC is indicative of the potential for further progress in understanding the fundamental limits of basic computation networks in future efforts. Indeed, there are many promising directions for future work. Building on the $K=2$ and $K=3$ cases, the $K=4$ user LCBC in particular is an important next step, as it might either reveal a consistent pattern that holds for arbitrary $K$ users or present obstacles that are indicative of the difficulty of the large $K$ setting. Also of interest are asymptotic LCBC settings with large number of users. An intriguing generalization of the LCBC problem is the LCBC with partially informed server, LCBC-PIS in short, where the central server has only limited knowledge of the data in the form of some linear functions of the data. The LCBC-PIS setting has been introduced and solved recently for $K=2$ users in \cite{LCBC_PIS}. The capacity remains open for $K\geq 3$ users. Studies of linear computation multiple access
|
[
29893,
29918,
29906,
998,
3317,
1012,
1012,
3797,
281,
648,
29896,
29892,
29906,
2844,
3317,
1042,
491,
320,
4915,
29912,
1837,
29901,
29878,
29918,
535,
1118,
607,
5662,
1973,
393,
278,
5101,
3538,
13284,
11938,
437,
451,
8022,
403,
278,
5375,
13284,
11938,
29889,
4001,
278,
871,
11938,
526,
373,
5375,
21239,
11101,
1907,
322,
5101,
3538,
21239,
11101,
1907,
29892,
278,
14413,
995,
310,
395,
29882,
648,
1195,
1042,
1818,
3928,
304,
697,
310,
278,
1494,
714,
26807,
29889,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
15172,
29913,
13,
29905,
667,
395,
29882,
648,
1195,
1042,
338,
9078,
491,
278,
5375,
13284,
310,
478,
25583,
395,
29875,
1628,
395,
29875,
29905,
262,
10045,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29892,
29941,
28538,
607,
8640,
29871,
278,
7472,
4094,
372,
508,
29892,
395,
29893,
29918,
29875,
29922,
29893,
29918,
29875,
998,
3317,
4311,
512,
445,
1206,
29892,
395,
29882,
648,
1195,
5369,
29890,
29918,
29875,
29974,
29893,
29918,
29875,
998,
3317,
1042,
322,
395,
29943,
6622,
29905,
3797,
285,
353,
29885,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29885,
29918,
29906,
29974,
29885,
29918,
29941,
29899,
29878,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
7402,
29882,
648,
1195,
8738,
4181,
29918,
29875,
29905,
3797,
320,
5268,
6622,
1504,
13,
29905,
667,
395,
29882,
648,
1195,
1042,
338,
9078,
491,
278,
5101,
3538,
13284,
310,
478,
404,
1379,
395,
29875,
29892,
29926,
1628,
2427,
29875,
29892,
29926,
2144,
262,
29905,
8001,
29896,
29892,
29906,
511,
313,
29896,
29892,
29941,
511,
313,
29906,
29892,
29941,
2144,
4429,
29871,
607,
4208,
4808,
278,
7472,
4094,
896,
508,
29892,
474,
29889,
29872,
1696,
395,
29893,
29918,
29875,
29974,
29893,
29918,
29926,
29922,
29893,
648,
29875,
29892,
29926,
2844,
3317,
4429,
322,
505,
278,
1021,
2186,
4094,
3233,
395,
29882,
648,
1195,
4311,
512,
445,
1206,
29892,
591,
505,
2427,
29882,
648,
1195,
7402,
29890,
29918,
29875,
7240,
29898,
29882,
648,
1195,
7402,
29890,
29918,
29926,
3892,
29893,
648,
29875,
29892,
29926,
2844,
3317,
1042,
607,
4076,
502,
395,
29882,
648,
1195,
8738,
1154,
29912,
29890,
29918,
29875,
29974,
29890,
29918,
29926,
29974,
29893,
648,
29875,
29892,
29926,
2844,
3317,
7585,
29906,
1042,
322,
395,
29943,
6622,
29905,
3797,
285,
29922,
29885,
29918,
29896,
29974,
29885,
29918,
29906,
29974,
29885,
29918,
29941,
29899,
29878,
648,
29896,
29906,
29941,
7402,
29882,
648,
1195,
8738,
4181,
648,
823,
1012,
3797,
320,
5268,
6622,
1504,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
15172,
29913,
13,
1349,
375,
29892,
297,
1432,
1206,
505,
395,
29943,
6622,
29905,
3797,
29905,
5268,
6622,
1628,
607,
1614,
2167,
278,
5296,
310,
10244,
320,
999,
29912,
12743,
29901,
13208,
1836,
13,
4535,
29882,
5589,
29905,
17619,
29938,
13,
13,
13,
29905,
2042,
29912,
1168,
10085,
29913,
320,
1643,
29912,
3471,
29901,
535,
29883,
29913,
13,
1576,
2684,
13284,
310,
278,
395,
29941,
29938,
1404,
365,
29907,
5371,
338,
1476,
363,
599,
4251,
29892,
474,
29889,
29872,
1696,
363,
11472,
8093,
1746,
779,
1995,
29912,
29943,
2403,
29939,
1628,
11472,
848,
9927,
395,
29881,
1628,
322,
11472,
2702,
800,
310,
278,
4160,
29915,
7429,
2912,
800,
322,
2625,
29899,
19678,
779,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29895,
742,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29895,
1504,
450,
395,
29941,
29938,
1404,
4444,
4547,
778,
3196,
29871,
11158,
983,
2478,
393,
892,
451,
18169,
297,
278,
395,
29906,
29938,
1404,
365,
29907,
5371,
29892,
1316,
408,
278,
1663,
29884,
2416,
13396,
310,
278,
875,
1336,
293,
883,
2785,
363,
19932,
378,
3901,
13451,
29892,
29871,
278,
817,
363,
13303,
1014,
1545,
1070,
537,
29892,
29871,
278,
8261,
12875,
310,
1014,
22854,
9701,
29892,
4036,
14137,
6273,
304,
8814,
766,
1037,
8357,
2478,
1546,
278,
4160,
29915,
1163,
292,
8386,
310,
278,
1021,
1014,
22854,
29892,
278,
11302,
22450,
1546,
278,
12084,
6366,
819,
2478,
6942,
411,
1438,
1014,
22854,
29892,
322,
278,
7846,
296,
13883,
393,
5331,
502,
304,
263,
1040,
22042,
4094,
5589,
292,
1650,
29889,
450,
2114,
393,
278,
395,
29941,
29938,
1404,
365,
29907,
5371,
13284,
12169,
714,
304,
367,
8072,
22330,
519,
15020,
29871,
1438,
11158,
983,
2478,
338,
26800,
29889,
29871,
512,
3153,
29892,
591,
4443,
393,
1584,
2466,
278,
395,
29941,
29938,
1404,
365,
29907,
5371,
20789,
472,
3203,
395,
29953,
29938,
1820,
1014,
22854,
297,
779,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29895,
29892,
320,
29890,
29963,
29918,
29895,
29915,
1628,
395,
29895,
29905,
262,
10045,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29892,
29941,
28538,
278,
1650,
1258,
451,
1996,
278,
512,
6234,
880,
14585,
29892,
3643,
892,
1661,
29899,
2713,
23453,
297,
11745,
1907,
3734,
363,
278,
378,
3901,
29889,
8669,
29892,
278,
1667,
8492,
1304,
892,
2443,
2344,
29920,
24004,
10383,
29892,
278,
9927,
21248,
310,
5101,
3538,
443,
1080,
322,
1006,
27117,
310,
1014,
22854,
29892,
13303,
1014,
1545,
1070,
537,
29892,
322,
278,
4036,
14137,
2980,
22336,
1549,
278,
9234,
442,
29920,
29899,
29999,
8377,
295,
10383,
29889,
450,
22330,
3097,
310,
278,
395,
29941,
29938,
1404,
365,
29907,
5371,
338,
4221,
1230,
310,
278,
7037,
363,
4340,
6728,
297,
8004,
278,
15281,
13071,
310,
6996,
16287,
14379,
297,
5434,
14231,
29889,
14598,
29892,
727,
526,
1784,
2504,
5921,
18112,
363,
5434,
664,
29889,
17166,
373,
278,
395,
29968,
29922,
29906,
29938,
322,
395,
29968,
29922,
29941,
29938,
4251,
29892,
278,
395,
29968,
29922,
29946,
29938,
1404,
365,
29907,
5371,
297,
3153,
338,
385,
4100,
2446,
4331,
29892,
408,
372,
1795,
2845,
10320,
284,
263,
13747,
4766,
393,
8640,
363,
11472,
395,
29968,
29938,
4160,
470,
2198,
14979,
23435,
393,
526,
4221,
1230,
310,
278,
14656,
310,
278,
2919,
395,
29968,
29938,
4444,
29889,
3115,
310,
4066,
526,
22784,
13574,
365,
29907,
5371,
6055,
411,
2919,
1353,
310,
4160,
29889,
530,
11158,
5526,
292,
2498,
2133,
310,
278,
365,
29907,
5371,
1108,
338,
278,
365,
29907,
5371,
411,
22039,
23388,
1923,
29892,
365,
29907,
5371,
29899,
2227,
29903,
297,
3273,
29892,
988,
278,
6555,
1923,
756,
871,
9078,
7134,
310,
278,
848,
297,
278,
883,
310,
777,
5608,
3168,
310,
278,
848,
29889,
450,
365,
29907,
5371,
29899,
2227,
29903,
4444,
756,
1063,
9129,
322,
7484,
10325,
363,
395,
29968,
29922,
29906,
29938,
4160,
297,
320,
2036,
29912,
12182,
5371,
29918,
2227,
29903,
1836,
450,
13284,
9242,
1722,
363,
395,
29968,
29905,
6279,
29871,
29941,
29938,
4160,
29889,
16972,
310,
5608,
16287,
2999,
2130
] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| 0.397551 | 2.149775 | 0.060191 | 0.919313 |
TOUCHTON v. STEWART et al.
(229 Ga. 303)
UNDERCOFLER, Justice.
Equitable petition. Echols Superior Court. Before Judge Calhoun.
The controlling question presented by this appeal is whether the trial court erred in dismissing the complaint of the appellant without notice that the case was on the trial calendar as required by Code Ann. 81A-140 (c) (Ga. L. 1966, pp. 609, 653; 1967, pp. 226, 245).
The trial court's order states: "The within case having been placed on the calendar for the February term 1972 of the Superior Court of Echols County and same having been called for trial on February 7th, 1972, and at the regular February term 1972 of said court and no one having answered for either party and no continuance having been requested, said action, including all cross actions are hereby dismissed with prejudice." The appeal is from this judgment. Held:
The appellant argues in his brief that it was error for this case to be placed on the trial court calendar without notice to him under the provision of Code Ann. 81A-140 (c). The record does not show whether notice was given to the appellant. The appellee in his brief states that he received notice that the case was on the calendar for February 7, 1972.
There is a presumption in favor of the regularity and legality of all proceedings in the superior court. Code 38-114; Johnson v. State, 27 Ga. App. 679, 681 (109 SE 526). See Bible v. Marra, 226 Ga. 154, 159 (173 SE2d 346).
Since this presumption of law cannot be rebutted by a direct appeal in this case involving an issue of fact which has not been judicially determined by the trial court, the contention of the appellant is without merit. See in this connection Wilkes v. Ricks, 126 Ga. App. 266.
J. Laddie Boatright, Frank E. Blankenship, for appellees.
A. W. Touchton, for appellant.
ARGUED JUNE 12, 1972 -- DECIDED JUNE 28, 1972.
LAKESHORE MARINE, INC. v. HARTFORD ACCIDENT & INDEMNITY COMPANY. (164 Ga. App. 417) (296 SE2d 418) (1982)
HANCOCK v. OATES (two cases). (244 Ga. 175) (259 SE2d 437) (1979)
THE STATE v. McDONALD. (242 Ga. 487) (249 SE2d 212) (1978)
COX et al. v. ESTES et al. (147 Ga. App. 578) (249 SE2d 621) (1978)
NALLEY v. THE STATE. (147 Ga. App. 634) (249 SE2d 685) (1978)
KEY v. THE STATE. (147 Ga. App. 800) (250 SE2d 527) (1978)
THE STATE v. MCDONALD. (146 Ga. App. 83) (245 SE2d 446) (1978)
WILSON et al. v. THE STATE. (145 Ga. App. 33) (243 SE2d 304) (1978)
BENNETT v. ADEL BANKING COMPANY. (144 Ga. App. 282) (241 SE2d 23) (1977)
VAUGHAN v. CAR TAPES, INC. (
|
[
7495,
29965,
3210,
29911,
1164,
325,
29889,
317,
4330,
29956,
8322,
634,
394,
29889,
13,
29898,
29906,
29906,
29929,
10415,
29889,
29871,
29941,
29900,
29941,
29897,
13,
18783,
1001,
3217,
10536,
1001,
29892,
17181,
29889,
13,
6108,
8270,
5697,
654,
29889,
382,
305,
3775,
5670,
1611,
9245,
29889,
10949,
26817,
3037,
29882,
1309,
29889,
13,
1576,
640,
22155,
1139,
9132,
491,
445,
25530,
338,
3692,
278,
14260,
8973,
604,
1127,
297,
18918,
292,
278,
15313,
524,
310,
278,
623,
514,
424,
1728,
8369,
393,
278,
1206,
471,
373,
278,
14260,
17684,
408,
3734,
491,
5920,
8081,
29889,
29871,
29947,
29896,
29909,
29899,
29896,
29946,
29900,
313,
29883,
29897,
313,
29954,
29874,
29889,
365,
29889,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29953,
29953,
29892,
6499,
29889,
29871,
29953,
29900,
29929,
29892,
29871,
29953,
29945,
29941,
29936,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29953,
29955,
29892,
6499,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29906,
29953,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29946,
29945,
467,
13,
1576,
14260,
8973,
29915,
29879,
1797,
5922,
29901,
376,
1576,
2629,
1206,
2534,
1063,
7180,
373,
278,
17684,
363,
278,
6339,
1840,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29955,
29906,
310,
278,
5670,
1611,
9245,
310,
382,
305,
3775,
5127,
322,
1021,
2534,
1063,
2000,
363,
14260,
373,
6339,
29871,
29955,
386,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29955,
29906,
29892,
322,
472,
278,
4943,
6339,
1840,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29955,
29906,
310,
1497,
8973,
322,
694,
697,
2534,
7699,
363,
2845,
6263,
322,
694,
3133,
749,
2534,
1063,
13877,
29892,
1497,
3158,
29892,
3704,
599,
4891,
8820,
526,
1244,
1609,
18918,
287,
411,
758,
17675,
625,
1213,
450,
25530,
338,
515,
445,
24284,
29889,
379,
2495,
29901,
13,
1576,
623,
514,
424,
1852,
1041,
297,
670,
11473,
393,
372,
471,
1059,
363,
445,
1206,
304,
367,
7180,
373,
278,
14260,
8973,
17684,
1728,
8369,
304,
1075,
1090,
278,
25161,
310,
5920,
8081,
29889,
29871,
29947,
29896,
29909,
29899,
29896,
29946,
29900,
313,
29883,
467,
450,
2407,
947,
451,
1510,
3692,
8369,
471,
2183,
304,
278,
623,
514,
424,
29889,
450,
623,
1808,
29872,
297,
670,
11473,
5922,
393,
540,
4520,
8369,
393,
278,
1206,
471,
373,
278,
17684,
363,
6339,
29871,
29955,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29955,
29906,
29889,
13,
8439,
338,
263,
2225,
28069,
297,
7853,
310,
278,
4943,
537,
322,
2814,
2877,
310,
599,
8469,
886,
297,
278,
11558,
8973,
29889,
5920,
29871,
29941,
29947,
29899,
29896,
29896,
29946,
29936,
11717,
325,
29889,
4306,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29955,
10415,
29889,
2401,
29889,
29871,
29953,
29955,
29929,
29892,
29871,
29953,
29947,
29896,
313,
29896,
29900,
29929,
3725,
29871,
29945,
29906,
29953,
467,
2823,
21958,
325,
29889,
1085,
336,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29906,
29953,
10415,
29889,
29871,
29896,
29945,
29946,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29945,
29929,
313,
29896,
29955,
29941,
3725,
29906,
29881,
29871,
29941,
29946,
29953,
467,
13,
23036,
445,
2225,
28069,
310,
4307,
2609,
367,
337,
4187,
9446,
491,
263,
1513,
25530,
297,
445,
1206,
21677,
385,
2228,
310,
2114,
607,
756,
451,
1063,
6577,
5611,
368,
10087,
491,
278,
14260,
8973,
29892,
278,
640,
2509,
310,
278,
623,
514,
424,
338,
1728,
2778,
277,
29889,
2823,
297,
445,
3957,
4624,
10794,
325,
29889,
390,
7358,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29906,
29953,
10415,
29889,
2401,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29953,
29953,
29889,
13,
29967,
29889,
365,
1202,
347,
1952,
271,
1266,
29892,
4976,
382,
29889,
3164,
804,
575,
4034,
29892,
363,
623,
1808,
267,
29889,
13,
29909,
29889,
399,
29889,
28675,
880,
29892,
363,
623,
514,
424,
29889,
13,
1718,
29954,
29965,
3352,
435,
3904,
29923,
29871,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29955,
29906,
1192,
5012,
29907,
1367,
3352,
435,
3904,
29923,
29871,
29906,
29947,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29955,
29906,
29889,
13,
4375,
29968,
2890,
8187,
1525,
23851,
8895,
29892,
2672,
29907,
29889,
325,
29889,
379,
8322,
22051,
29928,
319,
4174,
1367,
3919,
669,
2672,
2287,
29924,
29940,
11937,
4810,
3580,
2190,
29979,
29889,
313,
29896,
29953,
29946,
10415,
29889,
2401,
29889,
29871,
29946,
29896,
29955,
29897,
313,
29906,
29929,
29953,
3725,
29906,
29881,
29871,
29946,
29896,
29947,
29897,
313,
29896,
29929,
29947,
29906,
29897,
13,
29950,
2190,
3217,
7077,
325,
29889,
438,
1299,
2890,
313,
10184,
4251,
467,
313,
29906,
29946,
29946,
10415,
29889,
29871,
29896,
29955,
29945,
29897,
313,
29906,
29945,
29929,
3725,
29906,
29881,
29871,
29946,
29941,
29955,
29897,
313,
29896,
29929,
29955,
29929,
29897,
13,
28350,
6850,
3040,
325,
29889,
4052,
29928,
1164,
1964,
29928,
29889,
313,
29906,
29946,
29906,
10415,
29889,
29871,
29946,
29947,
29955,
29897,
313,
29906,
29946,
29929,
3725,
29906,
29881,
29871,
29906,
29896,
29906,
29897,
313,
29896,
29929,
29955,
29947,
29897,
13,
3217,
29990,
634,
394,
29889,
325,
29889,
382,
1254,
2890,
634,
394,
29889,
313,
29896,
29946,
29955,
10415,
29889,
2401,
29889,
29871,
29945,
29955,
29947,
29897,
313,
29906,
29946,
29929,
3725,
29906,
29881,
29871,
29953,
29906,
29896,
29897,
313,
29896,
29929,
29955,
29947,
29897,
13,
29940,
1964,
1307,
29979,
325,
29889,
6093,
6850,
3040,
29889,
313,
29896,
29946,
29955,
10415,
29889,
2401,
29889,
29871,
29953,
29941,
29946,
29897,
313,
29906,
29946,
29929,
3725,
29906,
29881,
29871,
29953,
29947,
29945,
29897,
313,
29896,
29929,
29955,
29947,
29897,
13,
10818,
325,
29889,
6093,
6850,
3040,
29889,
313,
29896,
29946,
29955,
10415,
29889,
2401,
29889,
29871,
29947,
29900,
29900,
29897,
313,
29906,
29945,
29900,
3725,
29906,
29881,
29871,
29945,
29906,
29955,
29897,
313,
29896,
29929,
29955,
29947,
29897,
13,
28350,
6850,
3040,
325,
29889,
341,
6530,
1164,
1964,
29928,
29889,
313,
29896,
29946,
29953,
10415,
29889,
2401,
29889,
29871,
29947,
29941,
29897,
313,
29906,
29946,
29945,
3725,
29906,
29881,
29871,
29946,
29946,
29953,
29897,
313,
29896,
29929,
29955,
29947,
29897,
13,
29956,
6227,
3094,
634,
394,
29889,
325,
29889,
6093,
6850,
3040,
29889,
313,
29896,
29946,
29945,
10415,
29889,
2401,
29889,
29871,
29941,
29941,
29897,
313,
29906,
29946,
29941,
3725,
29906,
29881,
29871,
29941,
29900,
29946,
29897,
313,
29896,
29929,
29955,
29947,
29897,
13,
29933,
1430,
6006,
29911,
325,
29889,
319,
2287,
29931,
350,
2190,
29968,
4214,
4810,
3580,
2190,
29979,
29889,
313,
29896,
29946,
29946,
10415,
29889,
2401,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29947,
29906,
29897,
313,
29906,
29946,
29896,
3725,
29906,
29881,
29871,
29906,
29941,
29897,
313,
29896,
29929,
29955,
29955,
29897,
13,
20449,
23338,
29950,
2190,
325,
29889,
315,
1718,
323,
3301,
2890,
29892,
2672,
29907,
29889,
313
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| -1.42027 | -0.389341 | -1.343903 | -1.239832 |
Sheet Steel Page 3 of 10 Revision Date: 3/ 5/ Chronic Special Toxic Effects Repeated exposure to fine dusts may inflame the nasal mucosa cause changes to the lung. Fry Reglet products stem from 50 years of flannery working with architects and designers. We offer a full line of aluminum reglets for drywall plaster, exterior stucco EIFS. Trim products are available at all Westside Building Material locations. Lead Roof Sheet Metal Croquis Apron Projects To Try Construction Civil Engineering Building Sketch. Search the history of over reglets 349 billion web pages on the Internet.
sheet Welding fumes have been associated with adverse health effects. Drywall Reglets for reveal base" " Képtalálat a következőre: " drywall dents , a reglet trim piece that creates the reveal" " " Risultati immagini per minimal skirting flannery detail architecture" " Folks who are sheet worried about dings dirt as a downfall of this sheet detail are the same people who complain about the gas mileage of reglets a super sport car. Quantity reglets Printed: 20 000 000 stamps The stamp art for the Flannery O' Connor stamp was created digitally to resemble a watercolor painting. sheet Trim- Tex Architectural Reveals sheet Shadow Beads are available in a wide variety of widths flannery flannery depths. Drywall & Plaster Reveals and Moldings - Fry Reglet. reglets In addition to standard aluminum trim for drywall plaster, millwork cement panel trims are available as well.
In addition / , a red- reglets brown pigmentation of the eye skin may occur. Fry Reglets extruded aluminum products are inherently strong resistant to the elements making them ideally. reglets Numéro Cinq production editor Nowick Gray flannery is a writer reglets flannery editor based in Victoria BC. Fry Reglet Edition15; prev. F Reveal Molding Reveal Base Molding flannery Contemporary Reveal Reveal Molding PDF | DWG | DXF PDF | DWG | DXF PDF | DWG | DXF PDF | DWG | DXF Reveal- Picture Hanger Reverse. SWR- 075U- 050 Softforms® U Series Aluminum Wall Trim Reveal profile has a continuous integral fin for surface contact to flannery conventionally installed gypsum drywall. Please call your nearest sheet Westside Building Material location for information on Fry Reglet products. His writings span an eclectic range of themes styles in fiction , structures creative nonfiction.
SHEET SIZES E PS boards flannery for E I FS. For use with 5/ 8" or thicker Drywall. Image result for what are. Flannery Trim offers a variety of extruded aluminum trims designed to meet the aesthetic needs of any wall system. Architectural - Parapet Details. The properties of rigid vinyl allow the reveals to form sheet around curved walls with the reglets additional benefits of built- in expansion.
Lead Roof Sheet flannery Metal Croquis Apron Civil Engineering Sheet Metal Backsplash Fashion Figures Pinafore Dress Tin Forward A video to show you how reglets to sheet install an apron flashing using Calder products. Flannery reglets sheet. Product Details 3/ sheet reglets 4" wide x 1/ 2" deep Reveal. Method: Offset printing in sheets of 120, with 6 panes of 20 Perforation: Serpentine Die Cut 11 ¾. flannery com Drywall & Plaster Reveals sheet sculpt interior , make seamless transitions, Moldings Our Architectural Drywall & Plaster Reveals , , exterior walls, Moldings provide the opportunity to shape connect dissimilar materials.
A selection of extruded aluminum corner moulding in a variety of sizes and finishes. com Trim Purpose Specs, MSDS, and LEED Information for Flannery Trims & Products Flannery' s Drywall Reveals create an aesthetic division between drywall panels on vertical walls and ceilings. Drywall Reveals can be
|
[
2296,
300,
2443,
295,
9305,
29871,
29941,
310,
29871,
29896,
29900,
830,
4924,
4712,
29901,
29871,
29941,
29914,
29871,
29945,
29914,
15336,
293,
12630,
1763,
27375,
26475,
29879,
830,
412,
630,
14060,
545,
304,
2691,
19786,
29879,
1122,
4414,
420,
278,
8281,
284,
286,
1682,
3628,
4556,
3620,
304,
278,
13030,
29889,
383,
719,
2169,
1026,
9316,
20805,
515,
29871,
29945,
29900,
2440,
310,
1652,
812,
708,
1985,
411,
6956,
29879,
322,
2874,
414,
29889,
1334,
5957,
263,
2989,
1196,
310,
394,
9735,
398,
1072,
10376,
363,
15589,
11358,
715,
1901,
29892,
25591,
380,
29884,
26454,
382,
6545,
29903,
29889,
1605,
326,
9316,
526,
3625,
472,
599,
3122,
2975,
17166,
17582,
14354,
29889,
951,
328,
1528,
974,
2296,
300,
24992,
8764,
7680,
319,
558,
265,
8010,
29879,
1763,
3967,
5798,
4080,
12886,
22557,
17166,
4971,
3486,
29889,
11856,
278,
4955,
310,
975,
1072,
10376,
29871,
29941,
29946,
29929,
24464,
1856,
6515,
373,
278,
4685,
29889,
13,
9855,
399,
2495,
292,
285,
9351,
505,
1063,
6942,
411,
594,
3901,
9045,
9545,
29889,
360,
719,
11358,
2169,
10376,
363,
10320,
284,
2967,
29908,
376,
476,
29948,
415,
284,
2464,
271,
263,
24100,
446,
9357,
276,
29901,
376,
15589,
11358,
270,
1237,
1919,
263,
1072,
1026,
17151,
8424,
393,
10017,
278,
10320,
284,
29908,
376,
376,
25259,
499,
2219,
12000,
639,
13114,
2071,
381,
1259,
1652,
812,
708,
9493,
11258,
29908,
376,
8301,
2039,
1058,
526,
9869,
6365,
1255,
1048,
270,
886,
270,
2728,
408,
263,
1623,
11950,
310,
445,
9869,
9493,
526,
278,
1021,
2305,
1058,
752,
7420,
1048,
278,
10489,
17967,
482,
310,
1072,
10376,
263,
2428,
7980,
1559,
29889,
22746,
537,
1072,
10376,
13905,
287,
29901,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29871,
29900,
29900,
29900,
29871,
29900,
29900,
29900,
380,
15092,
450,
25214,
1616,
363,
278,
2379,
812,
708,
438,
29915,
1281,
15459,
25214,
471,
2825,
13615,
635,
304,
620,
6967,
263,
4094,
2780,
20413,
29889,
9869,
1605,
326,
29899,
8490,
2595,
4496,
3631,
830,
345,
1338,
9869,
1383,
6986,
350,
1479,
29879,
526,
3625,
297,
263,
9377,
12875,
310,
2920,
29879,
1652,
812,
708,
1652,
812,
708,
10809,
29879,
29889,
360,
719,
11358,
669,
1858,
1901,
830,
345,
1338,
322,
27140,
886,
448,
383,
719,
2169,
1026,
29889,
1072,
10376,
512,
6124,
304,
3918,
394,
9735,
398,
17151,
363,
15589,
11358,
715,
1901,
29892,
3533,
1287,
274,
882,
9451,
534,
9893,
526,
3625,
408,
1532,
29889,
13,
797,
6124,
847,
1919,
263,
2654,
29899,
1072,
10376,
17354,
282,
335,
358,
362,
310,
278,
10977,
19309,
1122,
6403,
29889,
383,
719,
2169,
10376,
17541,
566,
287,
394,
9735,
398,
9316,
526,
7846,
2705,
4549,
9241,
424,
304,
278,
3161,
3907,
963,
1957,
635,
29889,
1072,
10376,
11848,
10651,
11972,
29939,
5802,
6920,
2567,
860,
18956,
1652,
812,
708,
338,
263,
9227,
1072,
10376,
1652,
812,
708,
6920,
2729,
297,
14212,
17403,
29889,
383,
719,
2169,
1026,
17138,
29896,
29945,
29936,
12379,
29889,
383,
830,
345,
284,
27140,
292,
830,
345,
284,
7399,
27140,
292,
1652,
812,
708,
27183,
653,
830,
345,
284,
830,
345,
284,
27140,
292,
11328,
891,
360,
29956,
29954,
891,
360,
29990,
29943,
11328,
891,
360,
29956,
29954,
891,
360,
29990,
29943,
11328,
891,
360,
29956,
29954,
891,
360,
29990,
29943,
11328,
891,
360,
29956,
29954,
891,
360,
29990,
29943,
830,
345,
284,
29899,
28908,
379,
4600,
830,
3901,
29889,
317,
9980,
29899,
29871,
29900,
29955,
29945,
29965,
29899,
29871,
29900,
29945,
29900,
1105,
615,
9514,
30342,
501,
10488,
838,
9735,
398,
14406,
1605,
326,
830,
345,
284,
8722,
756,
263,
9126,
10160,
1436,
363,
7101,
6958,
304,
1652,
812,
708,
15687,
635,
5130,
10966,
15663,
15589,
11358,
29889,
3529,
1246,
596,
20471,
9869,
3122,
2975,
17166,
17582,
4423,
363,
2472,
373,
383,
719,
2169,
1026,
9316,
29889,
3600,
2044,
886,
10638,
385,
21226,
781,
293,
3464,
310,
963,
267,
11949,
297,
24159,
1919,
12286,
907,
1230,
1661,
29888,
2463,
29889,
13,
7068,
29923,
2544,
22717,
29999,
2890,
382,
11323,
1045,
3163,
1652,
812,
708,
363,
382,
306,
383,
29903,
29889,
1152,
671,
411,
29871,
29945,
29914,
29871,
29947,
29908,
470,
266,
6541,
360,
719,
11358,
29889,
7084,
1121,
363,
825,
526,
29889,
2379,
812,
708,
1605,
326,
16688,
263,
12875,
310,
17541,
566,
287,
394,
9735,
398,
534,
9893,
8688,
304,
5870,
278,
263,
342,
29882,
7492,
4225,
310,
738,
10090,
1788,
29889,
2595,
4496,
3631,
448,
1459,
481,
300,
25577,
29889,
450,
4426,
310,
12912,
333,
13848,
2904,
2758,
278,
10320,
1338,
304,
883,
9869,
2820,
3151,
1490,
14603,
411,
278,
1072,
10376,
5684,
23633,
310,
4240,
29899,
297,
13184,
29889,
13,
29931,
1479,
1528,
974,
2296,
300,
1652,
812,
708,
24992,
8764,
7680,
319,
558,
265,
12886,
22557,
2296,
300,
24992,
7437,
23579,
1161,
383,
10904,
5104,
1973,
349,
1099,
1079,
360,
1253,
323,
262,
1152,
1328,
319,
4863,
304,
1510,
366,
920,
1072,
10376,
304,
9869,
2601,
385,
21783,
265,
11013,
292,
773,
3037,
672,
9316,
29889,
2379,
812,
708,
1072,
10376,
9869,
29889,
10969,
25577,
29871,
29941,
29914,
9869,
1072,
10376,
29871,
29946,
29908,
9377,
921,
29871,
29896,
29914,
29871,
29906,
29908,
6483,
830,
345,
284,
29889,
8108,
29901,
5947,
842,
14010,
297,
26718,
310,
29871,
29896,
29906,
29900,
29892,
411,
29871,
29953,
7243,
267,
310,
29871,
29906,
29900,
2431,
1454,
362,
29901,
1816,
22825,
457,
1640,
315,
329,
29871,
29896,
29896,
29871,
30642,
29889,
1652,
812,
708,
419,
360,
719,
11358,
669,
1858,
1901,
830,
345,
1338,
9869,
17039,
13290,
1919,
1207,
409,
314,
2222,
1301,
2187,
29892,
27140,
886,
8680,
2595,
4496,
3631,
360,
719,
11358,
669,
1858,
1901,
830,
345,
1338,
1919,
1919,
25591,
14603,
29892,
27140,
886,
3867,
278,
15130,
304,
8267,
4511,
766,
29764,
17279,
29889,
13,
29909,
9262,
310,
17541,
566,
287,
394,
9735,
398,
11155,
286,
483,
292,
297,
263,
12875,
310,
15786,
322,
8341,
267,
29889,
419,
1605,
326,
15247,
4220,
5013,
2395,
29892,
341,
7230,
29903,
29892,
322,
11060,
3352,
10343,
363,
2379,
812,
708,
1605,
9893,
669,
10969,
29879,
2379,
812,
708,
29915,
269,
360,
719,
11358,
830,
345,
1338,
1653,
385,
263,
342,
29882,
7492,
8542,
1546,
15589,
11358,
7243,
1379,
373,
11408,
14603,
322,
2257,
309,
886,
29889,
360,
719,
11358,
830,
345,
1338,
508,
367
] | 1,024 |
C4
| -1.298002 | -0.70016 | -1.16996 | -0.988121 |
Save Wild Tigers
The Eastern & Oriental Express and Save Wild Tigers Fight the Plight of Wild Tigers with the Launch of the 'Tiger Express'
On 7th September 2019, the Eastern & Oriental Express and global tiger conservation charity initiative, Save Wild Tigers, are partnering to launch the 'Tiger Express' – raising awareness of the plight of the world's last remaining wild tigers.
To mark the occasion, a selection of inspirational personalities will be helping to spread the message globally. Chinese pop artist and Save Wild Tigers Ambassador, Jacky Tsai – the name behind Alexander McQueen's famous floral skull – will provide a visual reminder throughout Asia by curating two of the train's external carriages with a tiger flair. Whilst on board, Ping Coombes Master Chef UK 2014 champion – another Save Wild Tigers' Ambassador – will be cooking up a storm for guests.
The 'Tiger Express'
The six-night itinerary will see guests travel in luxury from Bangkok to Singapore through the historic tiger territories in Malaysia and Thailand with a stay at the Siam Bangkok and Raffles Singapore included in the package. During the journey, guests will embark on several excursions including a guided visit to the River Kwai and a tour of Kuala Kangsar. Additional tiger-themed touches on board will include bespoke Jim Thompson scarves for sale.
'Art in Motion'
For the carriage design, Tsai will draw on his love of pop art combined with traditional Chinese values to create a vibrant and eye-catching design which will be unveiled ahead of the journey in September. To tie in with the theme of this special journey, tigers will be a prominent feature in the art work along with the Asian landscape and nature. This third generation of 'Art in Motion' for the Eastern & Oriental Express will remain on the train for year.
The Current Situation
The wild tiger has huge cultural and historical significance throughout Asia but it is a little-known fact that worldwide tiger numbers are now at critical levels with only 3,800 tigers left in the wild globally & few as 400 in Thailand & Malaysia combined. These 3,800 remaining wild tigers are for the most part spread across Indian sub-continent, Asia & Russia but within a decade based on current rates of decline could be completely extinct. This special journey aims to raise awareness of their plight.
'A Worthwhile Cause'
"It is a sad fact that today there are more tigers in captivity than there are in the wild, our train travels through the heart of the historic tiger territories in Malaysia and Thailand and we are proud to lend our support to this worthwhile cause. We find that our guests are increasingly looking to give back to have an impact on the places they are visiting in a bid to travel more consciously. Following the success of the last 'Tiger Express' we are very excited to run this journey again to help spread the message worldwide" said Gary Franklin, Vice President, Trains & Cruises, Belmond.
Simon Clinton, Founder, Save Wild Tigers comments, "With potentially as few as 10 years left to save this iconic species from extinction, the clock really is ticking. We are really proud & grateful to be working with the Eastern & Oriental Express once again in providing passengers a chance to experience a trip of a lifetime, for what surely must be the cause of a lifetime. Profits from our all of our campaigns go towards creating global awareness campaigns for the cause & funding targeted tiger conservation projects."
The ultimate in slow travel, the iconic green and gold carriages of Eastern & Oriental Express transport guests away from the fast pace of everyday life for an adventure on the rails. Journeying through some of the world's most untouched destinations, guests disembark for daily immersive excursions before sitting back and relaxing in the comfort of their luxury cabin or the open-air observation car as the scenery changes around them.
Prices start from £3,724 or approximately IDR70,000,000 per person based on two people sharing a twin cabin and including all table d'hote meals, one night accommodation at Siam Bangkok, one night accommodation at Raffles Singapore, three nights on board the train including two excursions and transfers to and from the train
|
[
16913,
11821,
24834,
414,
13,
1576,
16162,
669,
29702,
14657,
322,
16913,
11821,
24834,
414,
26650,
278,
1858,
523,
310,
11821,
24834,
414,
411,
278,
997,
3322,
310,
278,
525,
29911,
4087,
14657,
29915,
13,
2951,
29871,
29955,
386,
3839,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29929,
29892,
278,
16162,
669,
29702,
14657,
322,
5534,
260,
4087,
24201,
1373,
537,
14511,
1230,
29892,
16913,
11821,
24834,
414,
29892,
526,
18096,
292,
304,
6826,
278,
525,
29911,
4087,
14657,
29915,
785,
29263,
3773,
8326,
404,
310,
278,
715,
523,
310,
278,
3186,
29915,
29879,
1833,
9886,
8775,
260,
335,
414,
29889,
13,
1762,
2791,
278,
10039,
29892,
263,
9262,
310,
23459,
1288,
7333,
1907,
674,
367,
19912,
304,
9677,
278,
2643,
13149,
635,
29889,
10013,
1835,
7664,
322,
16913,
11821,
24834,
414,
15145,
28760,
29892,
5457,
29891,
19089,
1794,
785,
278,
1024,
5742,
9428,
4052,
8654,
264,
29915,
29879,
13834,
1652,
11251,
2071,
913,
785,
674,
3867,
263,
7604,
1083,
4995,
10106,
14325,
491,
3151,
1218,
1023,
310,
278,
7945,
29915,
29879,
7029,
19638,
1179,
411,
263,
260,
4087,
17422,
381,
29889,
806,
16613,
373,
7613,
29892,
349,
292,
3189,
3424,
267,
9082,
6561,
29888,
10261,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29946,
8064,
785,
1790,
16913,
11821,
24834,
414,
29915,
15145,
28760,
785,
674,
367,
7984,
292,
701,
263,
14280,
363,
28865,
29889,
13,
1576,
525,
29911,
4087,
14657,
29915,
13,
1576,
4832,
29899,
11147,
372,
4983,
653,
674,
1074,
28865,
9850,
297,
21684,
2857,
515,
14320,
29895,
554,
304,
25960,
1549,
278,
22879,
260,
4087,
5884,
3842,
297,
26417,
423,
322,
498,
26517,
411,
263,
7952,
472,
278,
317,
2829,
14320,
29895,
554,
322,
390,
3470,
793,
25960,
5134,
297,
278,
3577,
29889,
7133,
278,
16342,
29892,
28865,
674,
7232,
935,
373,
3196,
5566,
1295,
1080,
3704,
263,
1410,
2618,
6493,
304,
278,
6163,
476,
29893,
1794,
322,
263,
6282,
310,
476,
950,
29874,
476,
25128,
279,
29889,
3462,
3245,
260,
4087,
29899,
386,
22580,
6023,
267,
373,
7613,
674,
3160,
3008,
1129,
446,
8507,
22348,
21990,
1960,
363,
14686,
29889,
13,
29915,
9986,
297,
7142,
291,
29915,
13,
2831,
278,
23840,
2874,
29892,
19089,
1794,
674,
4216,
373,
670,
5360,
310,
1835,
1616,
12420,
411,
13807,
10013,
1819,
304,
1653,
263,
325,
4626,
424,
322,
10977,
29899,
12510,
292,
2874,
607,
674,
367,
443,
345,
2356,
14432,
310,
278,
16342,
297,
3839,
29889,
1763,
22134,
297,
411,
278,
10929,
310,
445,
4266,
16342,
29892,
260,
335,
414,
674,
367,
263,
19555,
4682,
297,
278,
1616,
664,
3412,
411,
278,
20021,
24400,
322,
5469,
29889,
910,
4654,
12623,
310,
525,
9986,
297,
7142,
291,
29915,
363,
278,
16162,
669,
29702,
14657,
674,
3933,
373,
278,
7945,
363,
1629,
29889,
13,
1576,
9626,
23920,
362,
13,
1576,
8775,
260,
4087,
756,
12176,
16375,
322,
15839,
26002,
10106,
14325,
541,
372,
338,
263,
2217,
29899,
5203,
2114,
393,
3186,
8157,
260,
4087,
3694,
526,
1286,
472,
12187,
11174,
411,
871,
29871,
29941,
29892,
29947,
29900,
29900,
260,
335,
414,
2175,
297,
278,
8775,
13149,
635,
669,
2846,
408,
29871,
29946,
29900,
29900,
297,
498,
26517,
669,
26417,
423,
12420,
29889,
4525,
29871,
29941,
29892,
29947,
29900,
29900,
9886,
8775,
260,
335,
414,
526,
363,
278,
1556,
760,
9677,
4822,
7560,
1014,
29899,
1285,
8946,
29892,
14325,
669,
12710,
541,
2629,
263,
316,
6332,
2729,
373,
1857,
19257,
310,
4845,
457,
1033,
367,
6446,
1294,
5562,
29889,
910,
4266,
16342,
263,
9893,
304,
12020,
3773,
8326,
404,
310,
1009,
715,
523,
29889,
13,
29915,
29909,
399,
2072,
8000,
315,
1071,
29915,
13,
29908,
3112,
338,
263,
14610,
2114,
393,
9826,
727,
526,
901,
260,
335,
414,
297,
4332,
2068,
1135,
727,
526,
297,
278,
8775,
29892,
1749,
7945,
9850,
29879,
1549,
278,
5192,
310,
278,
22879,
260,
4087,
5884,
3842,
297,
26417,
423,
322,
498,
26517,
322,
591,
526,
22314,
304,
301,
355,
1749,
2304,
304,
445,
7088,
8000,
4556,
29889,
1334,
1284,
393,
1749,
28865,
526,
10231,
368,
3063,
304,
2367,
1250,
304,
505,
385,
10879,
373,
278,
7600,
896,
526,
6493,
292,
297,
263,
21000,
304,
9850,
901,
1136,
455,
5794,
29889,
12206,
278,
2551,
310,
278,
1833,
525,
29911,
4087,
14657,
29915,
591,
526,
1407,
24173,
304,
1065,
445,
16342,
1449,
304,
1371,
9677,
278,
2643,
3186,
8157,
29908,
1497,
23529,
21504,
29892,
21400,
7178,
29892,
3201,
1144,
669,
11263,
4637,
29892,
3741,
8315,
29889,
13,
8942,
265,
2233,
16929,
29892,
7460,
261,
29892,
16913,
11821,
24834,
414,
6589,
29892,
376,
3047,
19998,
408,
2846,
408,
29871,
29896,
29900,
2440,
2175,
304,
4078,
445,
9849,
293,
6606,
515,
1294,
16807,
29892,
278,
12006,
2289,
338,
16892,
292,
29889,
1334,
526,
2289,
22314,
669,
28656,
304,
367,
1985,
411,
278,
16162,
669,
29702,
14657,
2748,
1449,
297,
13138,
28134,
263,
8825,
304,
7271,
263,
17487,
310,
263,
25423,
29892,
363,
825,
18880,
1818,
367,
278,
4556,
310,
263,
25423,
29889,
6175,
1169,
515,
1749,
599,
310,
1749,
11531,
29879,
748,
7113,
4969,
5534,
3773,
8326,
404,
11531,
29879,
363,
278,
4556,
669,
5220,
292,
3646,
287,
260,
4087,
24201,
9279,
1213,
13,
1576,
8494,
6490,
297,
5232,
9850,
29892,
278,
9849,
293,
7933,
322,
7684,
19638,
1179,
310,
16162,
669,
29702,
14657,
8608,
28865,
3448,
515,
278,
5172,
27725,
310,
1432,
3250,
2834,
363,
385,
17623,
545,
373,
278,
18090,
29889,
435,
473,
3801,
292,
1549,
777,
310,
278,
3186,
29915,
29879,
1556,
443,
16747,
287,
15422,
800,
29892,
28865,
766,
1590,
935,
363,
14218,
5198,
414,
573,
5566,
1295,
1080,
1434,
16246,
1250,
322,
26681,
292,
297,
278,
13016,
310,
1009,
21684,
2857,
28830,
470,
278,
1722,
29899,
1466,
15500,
1559,
408,
278,
5763,
708,
3620,
2820,
963,
29889,
13,
4040,
1575,
1369,
515,
15151,
29941,
29892,
29955,
29906,
29946,
470,
14235,
3553,
29934,
29955,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
639,
2022,
2729,
373,
1023,
2305,
19383,
263,
3252,
262,
28830,
322,
3704,
599,
1591,
270,
29915,
29882,
866,
592,
1338,
29892,
697,
4646,
24803,
362,
472,
317,
2829,
14320,
29895,
554,
29892,
697,
4646,
24803,
362,
472,
390,
3470,
793,
25960,
29892,
2211,
4646,
29879,
373,
7613,
278,
7945,
3704,
1023,
5566,
1295,
1080,
322,
1301,
25534,
304,
322,
515,
278,
7945
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| 1.459815 | -0.355274 | 0.790033 | 0.370356 |
Federico Fellini Quotes
A collection of quotes by Federico Fellini on films, plays, art, cinema, silence, understanding, innocence, childhood, censorship, movies and inspiration.
23 Notable Federico Fellini Quotes That Will Make Your Day
Famous As: Film Director and Scriptwriter
Born On: January 20, 1920
Died On: October 31, 1993
Born In: Rimini, Kingdom of Italy
Federico Fellini was an acclaimed Italian filmmaker and screenwriter. He started his career as a columnist and was soon hired by a famous actor to write scripts for his comic performances. This helped him get closer to the film fraternity and he co-wrote the screenplay for 'Rome, Open City' which got him his first Oscar nomination. He further moved on to become an assistant director and even co-produced a movie which couldn't gain much success. His reputation as a director was restored with his movie 'I Vitelloni' which won the 'Venice Film Festival Silver Lion Award' and an Oscar nomination. He further wrote and directed many award-winning movies but his most notable movie was '8½'. His movie 'La Strada' (The Road) was critically appreciated. His prominence as a director has got him many awards including four 'Academy Awards' and multiple 'Lifetime Achievement Award'. Federico Fellini has influenced the masses and society with his thoughts and work. His life, work and sayings have become important source of quotes. The below collection of Federico Fellini's most famous quotes have been excerpted from his writings, films, screenplays and thoughts. We bring to you a collection of sayings and quotes by Federico Fellini.
All art is autobiographical; the pearl is the oyster's autobiography.
There is no end. There is no beginning. There is only the infinite passion of life.
If there were a little more silence, if we all kept quiet...maybe we could understand something.
You have to live spherically - in many directions. Never lose your childish enthusiasm - and things will come your way.
No matter what happens, always Keep your childhood innocence. It's the most important thing.
Life is a combination of magic and pasta.
Don't tell me what I'm doing; I don't want to know.
Me I
A different language is a different vision of life.
Even the most miserable life is better than a sheltered existence in an organized society where everything is calculated and perfected.
Censorship is advertising paid by the government.
We must get beyond passions, like a great work of art. In such miraculous harmony. We should learn to love each other so much to live outside of time... detached.
Love Like
Put yourself into life and never lose your openness, your childish enthusiasm throughout the journey that is life, and things will come your way.
Life Never Yourself Will
We can all pretend to be cynical and scheming, but when we're faced with purity and innocence, the cynical mask drops off.
The only place where you can be a dictator and still be loved is on the movie set
There is no end. There is no beginning. There is only the passion of life.
Georgian film is a completely unique phenomenon, vivid, philosophically inspiring, very wise, childlike. There is everything that can make me cry and I ought to say that it (my crying) is not an easy thing.
There is abundant testimony that if we choose love rather than self, we gain immeasurably.
Going to the cinema is like returning to the womb; you sit there still and meditative in the darkness, waiting for life to appear on the screen. One should go to the cinema with the innocence of a fetus
You Life Like
All art is autobiographical.
Only the early Fitzgerald was great. Then came an orgy of brutal realism
Fate is written in the face.
Experience is what you get while looking for something else.
You Experience
I even see the cinema itself as a woman, with its alternation of light and darkness, of appearing and disappearing images
100 Famous quotes by Dante Alighieri, The Author of Divine Comedy
75 Great Quotes By Francesco Petrarch
26 Notable Quotes By Vittorio Alfieri
26 Great Quotes By
|
[
7351,
1417,
383,
514,
2172,
751,
4769,
13,
29909,
4333,
310,
11839,
491,
7351,
1417,
383,
514,
2172,
373,
12298,
29892,
13582,
29892,
1616,
29892,
24615,
29892,
15142,
29892,
8004,
29892,
21458,
663,
29892,
2278,
6614,
29892,
274,
6073,
3527,
29892,
2351,
583,
322,
8681,
12232,
29889,
13,
29906,
29941,
24844,
7351,
1417,
383,
514,
2172,
751,
4769,
2193,
2811,
8561,
3575,
8373,
13,
29943,
314,
681,
1094,
29901,
4643,
15944,
322,
14415,
13236,
13,
29933,
1398,
1551,
29901,
5490,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29906,
29900,
13,
29928,
1000,
1551,
29901,
5533,
29871,
29941,
29896,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29941,
13,
29933,
1398,
512,
29901,
390,
326,
2172,
29892,
12626,
310,
12730,
13,
29943,
2447,
1417,
383,
514,
2172,
471,
385,
1035,
13190,
10545,
2706,
28107,
322,
4315,
13236,
29889,
940,
4687,
670,
6413,
408,
263,
1897,
391,
322,
471,
4720,
298,
2859,
491,
263,
13834,
11339,
304,
2436,
12078,
363,
670,
419,
293,
21637,
29889,
910,
9213,
1075,
679,
17649,
304,
278,
2706,
20998,
824,
537,
322,
540,
1302,
29899,
29893,
4859,
278,
4315,
1456,
363,
525,
29934,
608,
29892,
4673,
4412,
29915,
607,
2355,
1075,
670,
937,
19054,
2245,
3381,
29889,
940,
4340,
6153,
373,
304,
4953,
385,
20255,
8881,
322,
1584,
1302,
29899,
5498,
1133,
263,
14064,
607,
8496,
29915,
29873,
11581,
1568,
2551,
29889,
3600,
19821,
408,
263,
8881,
471,
23119,
411,
670,
14064,
525,
29902,
22491,
514,
5271,
29915,
607,
2113,
278,
525,
29963,
264,
625,
4643,
8518,
16466,
21934,
7526,
29915,
322,
385,
19054,
2245,
3381,
29889,
940,
4340,
5456,
322,
10624,
1784,
9862,
29899,
5080,
1076,
2351,
583,
541,
670,
1556,
18697,
14064,
471,
525,
29947,
30226,
4286,
3600,
14064,
525,
5661,
3767,
1114,
29915,
313,
1576,
9321,
29897,
471,
3994,
1711,
7556,
29889,
3600,
2504,
262,
663,
408,
263,
8881,
756,
2355,
1075,
1784,
24441,
3704,
3023,
525,
29909,
9567,
9220,
29915,
322,
2999,
525,
29931,
361,
5410,
15542,
10384,
882,
7526,
4286,
7351,
1417,
383,
514,
2172,
756,
28482,
278,
23063,
322,
12459,
411,
670,
13133,
322,
664,
29889,
3600,
2834,
29892,
664,
322,
1827,
886,
505,
4953,
4100,
2752,
310,
11839,
29889,
450,
2400,
4333,
310,
7351,
1417,
383,
514,
2172,
29915,
29879,
1556,
13834,
11839,
505,
1063,
429,
2265,
415,
287,
515,
670,
2044,
886,
29892,
12298,
29892,
4315,
12922,
322,
13133,
29889,
1334,
6963,
304,
366,
263,
4333,
310,
1827,
886,
322,
11839,
491,
7351,
1417,
383,
514,
2172,
29889,
13,
3596,
1616,
338,
1120,
15647,
19711,
29936,
278,
282,
799,
29880,
338,
278,
288,
858,
261,
29915,
29879,
1120,
15647,
5275,
29889,
13,
8439,
338,
694,
1095,
29889,
1670,
338,
694,
6763,
29889,
1670,
338,
871,
278,
10362,
15935,
310,
2834,
29889,
13,
3644,
727,
892,
263,
2217,
901,
15142,
29892,
565,
591,
599,
8126,
11813,
856,
26026,
591,
1033,
2274,
1554,
29889,
13,
3492,
505,
304,
5735,
26903,
1711,
448,
297,
1784,
18112,
29889,
12391,
14074,
596,
2278,
728,
23644,
3173,
29885,
448,
322,
2712,
674,
2041,
596,
982,
29889,
13,
3782,
4383,
825,
5930,
29892,
2337,
19152,
596,
2278,
6614,
21458,
663,
29889,
739,
29915,
29879,
278,
1556,
4100,
2655,
29889,
13,
26754,
338,
263,
10296,
310,
15709,
322,
4940,
29874,
29889,
13,
10310,
29915,
29873,
2649,
592,
825,
306,
29915,
29885,
2599,
29936,
306,
1016,
29915,
29873,
864,
304,
1073,
29889,
13,
6816,
306,
13,
29909,
1422,
4086,
338,
263,
1422,
18551,
310,
2834,
29889,
13,
29923,
854,
278,
1556,
27788,
519,
2834,
338,
2253,
1135,
263,
27709,
287,
10379,
297,
385,
19098,
12459,
988,
4129,
338,
12833,
322,
4922,
287,
29889,
13,
29907,
6073,
3527,
338,
18811,
5921,
12530,
491,
278,
5874,
29889,
13,
4806,
1818,
679,
8724,
1209,
1080,
29892,
763,
263,
2107,
664,
310,
1616,
29889,
512,
1316,
3737,
945,
352,
681,
10311,
2592,
29889,
1334,
881,
5110,
304,
5360,
1269,
916,
577,
1568,
304,
5735,
5377,
310,
931,
856,
1439,
3791,
29889,
13,
29931,
994,
8502,
13,
22908,
7535,
964,
2834,
322,
2360,
14074,
596,
1722,
2264,
29892,
596,
2278,
728,
23644,
3173,
29885,
10106,
278,
16342,
393,
338,
2834,
29892,
322,
2712,
674,
2041,
596,
982,
29889,
13,
26754,
12391,
3575,
1311,
2811,
13,
4806,
508,
599,
14794,
355,
304,
367,
274,
948,
936,
322,
1364,
331,
292,
29892,
541,
746,
591,
29915,
276,
20050,
411,
3708,
537,
322,
21458,
663,
29892,
278,
274,
948,
936,
11105,
4441,
567,
1283,
29889,
13,
1576,
871,
2058,
988,
366,
508,
367,
263,
9657,
1061,
322,
1603,
367,
18012,
338,
373,
278,
14064,
731,
13,
8439,
338,
694,
1095,
29889,
1670,
338,
694,
6763,
29889,
1670,
338,
871,
278,
15935,
310,
2834,
29889,
13,
7999,
990,
713,
2706,
338,
263,
6446,
5412,
27791,
265,
29892,
325,
3640,
29892,
11847,
1711,
8681,
8491,
29892,
1407,
19396,
29892,
2278,
4561,
29889,
1670,
338,
4129,
393,
508,
1207,
592,
10901,
322,
306,
12722,
304,
1827,
393,
372,
313,
1357,
10901,
292,
29897,
338,
451,
385,
4780,
2655,
29889,
13,
8439,
338,
18666,
424,
28523,
2592,
393,
565,
591,
6755,
5360,
3265,
1135,
1583,
29892,
591,
11581,
527,
1004,
294,
332,
2197,
29889,
13,
8120,
292,
304,
278,
24615,
338,
763,
7863,
304,
278,
281,
3424,
29936,
366,
7845,
727,
1603,
322,
1612,
23378,
297,
278,
23490,
29892,
10534,
363,
2834,
304,
2615,
373,
278,
4315,
29889,
3118,
881,
748,
304,
278,
24615,
411,
278,
21458,
663,
310,
263,
27431,
375,
13,
3492,
4634,
8502,
13,
3596,
1616,
338,
1120,
15647,
19711,
29889,
13,
11730,
278,
4688,
22963,
914,
2741,
471,
2107,
29889,
1987,
2996,
385,
1638,
29891,
310,
26644,
284,
1855,
1608,
13,
29943,
403,
338,
3971,
297,
278,
3700,
29889,
13,
1252,
546,
5597,
338,
825,
366,
679,
1550,
3063,
363,
1554,
1683,
29889,
13,
3492,
28224,
5597,
13,
29902,
1584,
1074,
278,
24615,
3528,
408,
263,
6114,
29892,
411,
967,
5136,
362,
310,
3578,
322,
23490,
29892,
310,
21534,
322,
25417,
292,
4558,
13,
29896,
29900,
29900,
27458,
681,
11839,
491,
360,
1647,
838,
1141,
13972,
29892,
450,
13361,
310,
4910,
457,
422,
7584,
13,
29955,
29945,
7027,
751,
4769,
2648,
16922,
5879,
29878,
1279,
13,
29906,
29953,
24844,
751,
4769,
2648,
29364,
10893,
8131,
13972,
13,
29906,
29953,
7027,
751,
4769,
2648
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| 1.035954 | -0.833183 | -0.094026 | -0.196309 |
Exclusive: World Cup workers face deportation from Qatar
Sam Wallace
World Cup final fireworks - REUTERS/Hamad I Mohammed
Hundreds of migrant workers in Qatar employed as security guards during the World Cup at Fifa's main media centre and other key sites face deportation after launching an unprecedented street protest in Doha on Sunday against mass sackings that followed the tournament.
The protest was the culmination of a long-running labour dispute involving workers sacked before the end of their six-month contracts to work at the World Cup. They were left without salary, bonuses and a place to live – forcing them to occupy their company accommodation.
Telegraph Sport has been told that around 400 workers formerly employed by Stark Security Services and Festival Global Management, which are based in Doha, hired buses to take them to protest at the offices of the latter in the West Bay area of the capital city. Police were summoned and arrests were made. Eye-witnesses have reported the workers being escorted to their accommodation to collect their belongings ahead of the deportation process.
1,000 workers originally involved in protest over unpaid wages and bonuses
The dispute began during the tournament when workers were asked to sign new contracts. It then escalated after the World Cup finished when many of them, employed by Stark Security via the main contractor Festival Global, found their original six-month contracts terminated. At its peak, the dispute saw 1,000 workers occupying their accommodation and refusing to leave unless they were given unpaid wages and bonuses.
The workers had even gone as far as hiring a legal counsel in an attempt to get their case heard at the country's supreme court but that seems to have failed. It is estimated that just 100 of the original 1,000 involved in the occupation, which began on December 20, are still camped out at Barwa Al Baraha. The site is just a 20-minute drive from the England team hotel in Qatar for the World Cup finals, in Al Wakrah on the coast south of Doha.
The men from south-east Asia, Africa and the Middle East were recruited to work for Stark Security, chiefly guarding the Qatar National Convention Centre which housed Fifa's media hub for the thousands of journalists from all over the world reporting on the tournament. The Telegraph has seen pictures from the end of last year of lists of names posted on the wall at Barwa Al Baraha with "demobilisation" dates for hundreds of workers, either on December 19, 20 or 22.
Security guards claim they are owed three months' salary
Such was the desperation among guards, who claim they are owed three months-worth of salary on contracts that ran to February, that many of them pooled financial resources to fight the case. Trade unions are not permitted to operate in Qatar. The standard salary for a guard is around 2,700 Qatari riyals a month – the equivalent of £615.
The redundancy process is being handled by Stark Security's partner company Festival Global, which also has offices in the United States, Tunisia and Kuwait. In what is described by the two companies as a "separation form", migrant workers were asked to sign a declaration that they are no longer owed any wages in return for a small compensation fee.
Stark Security were contacted on more than one occasion to comment but did not respond. The Supreme Organising Committee for the 2022 World Cup did not respond to requests to comment. A senior executive at Festival Global did not respond to messages.
A copy of the statement workers were requested to sign has been seen by The Telegraph. It says: "I've settled all my dues and received what I was owed from Festival Global Management and Stark Security Services and I will remove myself and my belongings from the accommodation provided by these companies as of today. It has been a pleasure to be of service and be a part of this company for the duration of our time together."
A minority of guards accepted £387 to vacate accommodation
It is estimated by those at the scene that a minority of guards – numbering in the hundreds – had agreed to sign the separation forms and accept a small compensation payment in return for leaving their accommodation immediately. It is understood they were paid around 1,700 Qatari Riyals; about £387.
The dispute
|
[
1222,
7009,
573,
29901,
2787,
6536,
17162,
3700,
21455,
362,
515,
660,
14873,
13,
22966,
5260,
1265,
13,
14058,
6536,
2186,
3974,
13129,
448,
5195,
2692,
23598,
29914,
29950,
314,
328,
306,
12929,
28913,
13,
29950,
6453,
29879,
310,
9725,
424,
17162,
297,
660,
14873,
15723,
408,
6993,
1410,
3163,
2645,
278,
2787,
6536,
472,
383,
26056,
29915,
29879,
1667,
5745,
8442,
322,
916,
1820,
11840,
3700,
21455,
362,
1156,
6826,
292,
385,
443,
1457,
1133,
14927,
11952,
10021,
297,
360,
1148,
29874,
373,
16340,
2750,
4158,
269,
547,
886,
393,
5643,
278,
14743,
29889,
13,
1576,
10021,
471,
278,
13949,
1195,
362,
310,
263,
1472,
29899,
21094,
23390,
28447,
21677,
17162,
269,
547,
287,
1434,
278,
1095,
310,
1009,
4832,
29899,
10874,
8078,
29879,
304,
664,
472,
278,
2787,
6536,
29889,
2688,
892,
2175,
1728,
4497,
653,
29892,
10814,
6394,
322,
263,
2058,
304,
5735,
785,
28172,
963,
304,
6919,
29891,
1009,
5001,
24803,
362,
29889,
13,
7141,
27333,
8815,
756,
1063,
5429,
393,
2820,
29871,
29946,
29900,
29900,
17162,
21510,
15723,
491,
624,
935,
14223,
15538,
322,
8518,
12002,
15057,
29892,
607,
526,
2729,
297,
360,
1148,
29874,
29892,
298,
2859,
3593,
267,
304,
2125,
963,
304,
10021,
472,
278,
25222,
310,
278,
7480,
297,
278,
3122,
6211,
4038,
310,
278,
7483,
4272,
29889,
18923,
892,
2533,
3712,
287,
322,
3948,
9197,
892,
1754,
29889,
382,
4099,
29899,
29893,
277,
2264,
267,
505,
8967,
278,
17162,
1641,
3966,
18054,
304,
1009,
24803,
362,
304,
6314,
1009,
6852,
886,
14432,
310,
278,
21455,
362,
1889,
29889,
13,
29896,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
17162,
10437,
9701,
297,
10021,
975,
443,
3274,
333,
281,
1179,
322,
10814,
6394,
13,
1576,
28447,
4689,
2645,
278,
14743,
746,
17162,
892,
4433,
304,
1804,
716,
8078,
29879,
29889,
739,
769,
831,
1052,
630,
1156,
278,
2787,
6536,
7743,
746,
1784,
310,
963,
29892,
15723,
491,
624,
935,
14223,
3025,
278,
1667,
8078,
272,
8518,
12002,
29892,
1476,
1009,
2441,
4832,
29899,
10874,
8078,
29879,
29185,
29889,
2180,
967,
19224,
29892,
278,
28447,
4446,
29871,
29896,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
17162,
6919,
5414,
1009,
24803,
362,
322,
2143,
4746,
304,
5967,
6521,
896,
892,
2183,
443,
3274,
333,
281,
1179,
322,
10814,
6394,
29889,
13,
1576,
17162,
750,
1584,
7695,
408,
2215,
408,
298,
8491,
263,
11706,
2613,
2838,
297,
385,
4218,
304,
679,
1009,
1206,
6091,
472,
278,
4234,
29915,
29879,
22747,
1004,
8973,
541,
393,
2444,
304,
505,
5229,
29889,
739,
338,
15899,
393,
925,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29900,
310,
278,
2441,
29871,
29896,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
9701,
297,
278,
26818,
29892,
607,
4689,
373,
5846,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29892,
526,
1603,
4242,
287,
714,
472,
2261,
2766,
838,
2261,
25613,
29889,
450,
3268,
338,
925,
263,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29899,
1195,
1082,
7899,
515,
278,
5408,
3815,
16730,
297,
660,
14873,
363,
278,
2787,
6536,
2186,
29879,
29892,
297,
838,
399,
557,
19856,
373,
278,
12180,
7062,
310,
360,
1148,
29874,
29889,
13,
1576,
1757,
515,
7062,
29899,
23027,
14325,
29892,
10557,
322,
278,
14253,
6932,
892,
1162,
582,
1573,
304,
664,
363,
624,
935,
14223,
29892,
9087,
368,
8372,
292,
278,
660,
14873,
3086,
26774,
11319,
607,
9261,
287,
383,
26056,
29915,
29879,
5745,
19766,
363,
278,
17202,
310,
8955,
2879,
515,
599,
975,
278,
3186,
23415,
373,
278,
14743,
29889,
450,
1920,
27333,
756,
3595,
14956,
515,
278,
1095,
310,
1833,
1629,
310,
8857,
310,
2983,
8059,
373,
278,
10090,
472,
2261,
2766,
838,
2261,
25613,
411,
376,
2310,
12213,
4371,
29908,
10116,
363,
21006,
310,
17162,
29892,
2845,
373,
5846,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
470,
29871,
29906,
29906,
29889,
13,
13228,
1410,
3163,
5995,
896,
526,
8152,
287,
2211,
7378,
29915,
4497,
653,
13,
29903,
987,
471,
278,
553,
546,
362,
4249,
1410,
3163,
29892,
1058,
5995,
896,
526,
8152,
287,
2211,
7378,
29899,
12554,
310,
4497,
653,
373,
8078,
29879,
393,
6350,
304,
6339,
29892,
393,
1784,
310,
963,
772,
29877,
839,
18161,
7788,
304,
8589,
278,
1206,
29889,
27226,
443,
1080,
526,
451,
21905,
304,
21994,
297,
660,
14873,
29889,
450,
3918,
4497,
653,
363,
263,
8372,
338,
2820,
29871,
29906,
29892,
29955,
29900,
29900,
660,
271,
1306,
10107,
29891,
1338,
263,
4098,
785,
278,
7126,
310,
15151,
29953,
29896,
29945,
29889,
13,
1576,
22275,
6906,
1889,
338,
1641,
16459,
491,
624,
935,
14223,
29915,
29879,
18096,
5001,
8518,
12002,
29892,
607,
884,
756,
25222,
297,
278,
3303,
3900,
29892,
21072,
275,
423,
322,
476,
7262,
1249,
29889,
512,
825,
338,
5439,
491,
278,
1023,
14582,
408,
263,
376,
25048,
362,
883,
613,
9725,
424,
17162,
892,
4433,
304,
1804,
263,
12029,
393,
896,
526,
694,
5520,
8152,
287,
738,
281,
1179,
297,
736,
363,
263,
2319,
22874,
362,
27684,
29889,
13,
855,
935,
14223,
892,
6958,
287,
373,
901,
1135,
697,
10039,
304,
3440,
541,
1258,
451,
10049,
29889,
450,
22569,
9205,
5921,
12930,
363,
278,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29906,
2787,
6536,
1258,
451,
10049,
304,
7274,
304,
3440,
29889,
319,
16336,
22760,
472,
8518,
12002,
1258,
451,
10049,
304,
7191,
29889,
13,
29909,
3509,
310,
278,
3229,
17162,
892,
13877,
304,
1804,
756,
1063,
3595,
491,
450,
1920,
27333,
29889,
739,
4083,
29901,
376,
29902,
29915,
345,
17141,
599,
590,
27447,
322,
4520,
825,
306,
471,
8152,
287,
515,
8518,
12002,
15057,
322,
624,
935,
14223,
15538,
322,
306,
674,
3349,
6142,
322,
590,
6852,
886,
515,
278,
24803,
362,
4944,
491,
1438,
14582,
408,
310,
9826,
29889,
739,
756,
1063,
263,
15377,
304,
367,
310,
2669,
322,
367,
263,
760,
310,
445,
5001,
363,
278,
14385,
310,
1749,
931,
4208,
1213,
13,
29909,
9461,
537,
310,
1410,
3163,
9259,
15151,
29941,
29947,
29955,
304,
11757,
403,
24803,
362,
13,
3112,
338,
15899,
491,
1906,
472,
278,
9088,
393,
263,
9461,
537,
310,
1410,
3163,
785,
1353,
292,
297,
278,
21006,
785,
750,
15502,
304,
1804,
278,
23683,
7190,
322,
3544,
263,
2319,
22874,
362,
19179,
297,
736,
363,
10124,
1009,
24803,
362,
7389,
29889,
739,
338,
11098,
896,
892,
12530,
2820,
29871,
29896,
29892,
29955,
29900,
29900,
660,
271,
1306,
390,
19881,
1338,
29936,
1048,
15151,
29941,
29947,
29955,
29889,
13,
1576,
28447
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| -0.220584 | -0.129135 | 0.761341 | -0.590634 |
Jamaica has been elected to chair the 25-country strong Regional Task Force on Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments in the wider Caribbean region.
The appointment of the Task Force was the outcome of a week-long meeting in Panama as part of the joint Global Environment Facility (GEF), the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) GloBallast Partnership programme.
The Task Force reports to the GloBallast partnership programme. The GloBallast partnership project is an IMO/UNDP project which provides assistance to developing countries and regions to establish the proper policy and legal framework to implement the Ballast Water Management Convention.
Cory Brothers, the international agency and logistics expert, is approaching 2010 optimistically after latest figures reveal it has generated a five-fold increase in profits over the past six months thanks to increased business across the board and particularly through its involvement with the growing offshore windfarm sector.
Cory, which has offices throughout the UK and in Singapore, is part of Braemar Shipping Services plc. Recently announced interim results revealed that Cory Brothers had a turnover of £16 million, for the six months to the end of August, with a £1 million operating profit.
The 2010 Worldscale tanker flat rates, due to be published this week, have been calculated using round voyage distances taken from tables developed by AtoBviaC, the leading publisher of marine distance tables for the global shipping industry.
Accurate calculation of the distances between load port s and discharge ports is crucial to the consistency of the Worldscale rates and its decision to use AtoBviaC data reflects the trust this worldwide body has in the accuracy of these distances.
More significantly for the tanker trade, all distances used by Worldscale for the 2010 rates will be routed, where applicable, via the Gulf of Aden Transit Corridors.
Established in November 1952 by the London Tanker Brokers' Panel at the request of British Petroleum and Shell, Worldscale is a unified system of establishing the cost of shipping oil from one port to another by sea. Its table of published rates covers 320,000 voyage permutations from one or more loads to one or more discharge ports. The freight for a given ship and voyage is normally expressed as a percentage of the published rate and reflects the freight market demand at the time of fixing.
Bill Morris, Director of AtoBviaC, said shipowners were relying more and more on realistic distance tables. "The industry needs to know what these distances are, to have confidence in their computation and to have immediate access to the calculation of new distances and routeings whenever they are required," he said.
"While the route between two ports, appearing as a straight line on a chart or map, may look ideal, it may not necessarily be the correct route a ship should take when you consider issues such as traffic separation schemes and other navigational restrictions," he says.
Experts from the well-known Norwegian research and consulting group Marintek, working on behalf of the KPI Project led by InterManager, have begun capturing performance data from dozens of ocean-going ships in the latest phase of the process to develop a workable system to produce a meaningful set of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for the whole shipping industry.
And InterManager, the international trade association for shipmanagers, says it is aiming to increase the number of ships providing data to the project to more than 1,000 during the course of 2010. The data collected, which is held in strict confidence, will be used to validate the standard, verify the data capture feasibility and test the industry benchmark features.
"This project will be incredibly important for this industry," predicted George Hoyt, Chairman of InterManager's KPI Committee. "We are at the early stages of capturing this information and our task for the year ahead is to extract meaningful amounts of data," he said.
Earlier this year the leaders of most of the largest shipping industry organisations attended stakeholder meetings and workshops where they expressed a willingness to join with InterManager to continue to develop an industry-accepted system to enable the creation and development of performance standards. In 2010 InterManager plans to hold three further workshops, hosted in Asia and Europe, to enable stakeholders to assist in identifying what data is most useful and appropriate for performance monitoring.
InterManager,
|
[
435,
3304,
983,
756,
1063,
11467,
304,
11774,
278,
29871,
29906,
29945,
29899,
13509,
4549,
16208,
9330,
11004,
373,
11264,
322,
15057,
310,
1383,
4512,
29915,
13402,
579,
13062,
322,
20951,
7862,
297,
278,
25734,
1704,
747,
14471,
5120,
29889,
13,
1576,
28573,
310,
278,
9330,
11004,
471,
278,
21957,
310,
263,
4723,
29899,
5426,
11781,
297,
6518,
3304,
408,
760,
310,
278,
14002,
12002,
16738,
14184,
1793,
313,
1692,
29943,
511,
278,
4623,
1085,
21998,
9205,
2133,
313,
29902,
6720,
29897,
322,
278,
3303,
18269,
14650,
7835,
1004,
313,
18783,
29925,
29897,
21806,
29933,
497,
579,
3455,
8397,
4034,
19607,
29889,
13,
1576,
9330,
11004,
13676,
304,
278,
21806,
29933,
497,
579,
22056,
4034,
19607,
29889,
450,
21806,
29933,
497,
579,
22056,
4034,
2060,
338,
385,
306,
6720,
29914,
18783,
29925,
2060,
607,
8128,
18872,
304,
14338,
10916,
322,
12786,
304,
10127,
278,
1571,
8898,
322,
11706,
6890,
304,
2334,
278,
13402,
579,
13062,
15057,
26774,
29889,
13,
29907,
706,
25522,
29892,
278,
6121,
946,
3819,
322,
1480,
6765,
17924,
29892,
338,
28702,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29900,
5994,
391,
1711,
1156,
9281,
13994,
10320,
284,
372,
756,
5759,
263,
5320,
29899,
8771,
7910,
297,
2600,
1169,
975,
278,
4940,
4832,
7378,
3969,
304,
11664,
5381,
4822,
278,
7613,
322,
10734,
1549,
967,
5297,
29841,
411,
278,
15678,
1283,
845,
487,
8805,
29888,
2817,
17535,
29889,
13,
29907,
706,
29892,
607,
756,
25222,
10106,
278,
10261,
322,
297,
25960,
29892,
338,
760,
310,
5032,
331,
279,
1383,
17347,
15538,
715,
29883,
29889,
3599,
2705,
9326,
1006,
326,
2582,
17845,
393,
315,
706,
25522,
750,
263,
2507,
957,
310,
15151,
29896,
29953,
7284,
29892,
363,
278,
4832,
7378,
304,
278,
1095,
310,
3111,
29892,
411,
263,
15151,
29896,
7284,
13598,
21665,
29889,
13,
1576,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29900,
2787,
7052,
23735,
261,
12151,
19257,
29892,
2861,
304,
367,
6369,
445,
4723,
29892,
505,
1063,
12833,
773,
4513,
17775,
24610,
4586,
515,
6131,
8906,
491,
319,
517,
29933,
6071,
29907,
29892,
278,
8236,
9805,
261,
310,
23585,
5418,
6131,
363,
278,
5534,
528,
17347,
13661,
29889,
13,
7504,
332,
403,
13944,
310,
278,
24610,
1546,
2254,
2011,
269,
322,
766,
23367,
16169,
338,
7618,
1455,
304,
278,
5718,
3819,
310,
278,
2787,
7052,
19257,
322,
967,
10608,
304,
671,
319,
517,
29933,
6071,
29907,
848,
9432,
29879,
278,
9311,
445,
3186,
8157,
3573,
756,
297,
278,
13600,
310,
1438,
24610,
29889,
13,
20761,
16951,
363,
278,
23735,
261,
11302,
29892,
599,
24610,
1304,
491,
2787,
7052,
363,
278,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29900,
19257,
674,
367,
6745,
287,
29892,
988,
22903,
29892,
3025,
278,
402,
16302,
310,
319,
1145,
4103,
277,
2994,
2429,
943,
29889,
13,
12787,
370,
3726,
297,
3979,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29945,
29906,
491,
278,
4517,
323,
804,
261,
4358,
29895,
414,
29915,
349,
3870,
472,
278,
2009,
310,
4908,
5879,
12154,
398,
322,
1383,
514,
29892,
2787,
7052,
338,
263,
443,
2164,
1788,
310,
10127,
292,
278,
3438,
310,
528,
17347,
17182,
515,
697,
2011,
304,
1790,
491,
7205,
29889,
8011,
1591,
310,
6369,
19257,
18469,
29871,
29941,
29906,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
17775,
20005,
800,
515,
697,
470,
901,
15376,
304,
697,
470,
901,
766,
23367,
16169,
29889,
450,
3005,
523,
363,
263,
2183,
7751,
322,
17775,
338,
12891,
13384,
408,
263,
19649,
310,
278,
6369,
6554,
322,
9432,
29879,
278,
3005,
523,
9999,
9667,
472,
278,
931,
310,
27826,
29889,
13,
29933,
453,
23112,
29892,
15944,
310,
319,
517,
29933,
6071,
29907,
29892,
1497,
7751,
776,
414,
892,
337,
5890,
901,
322,
901,
373,
1855,
4695,
5418,
6131,
29889,
376,
1576,
13661,
4225,
304,
1073,
825,
1438,
24610,
526,
29892,
304,
505,
16420,
297,
1009,
16287,
322,
304,
505,
16800,
2130,
304,
278,
13944,
310,
716,
24610,
322,
5782,
886,
10940,
896,
526,
3734,
1699,
540,
1497,
29889,
13,
29908,
8809,
488,
278,
5782,
1546,
1023,
16169,
29892,
21534,
408,
263,
7812,
1196,
373,
263,
8727,
470,
2910,
29892,
1122,
1106,
10839,
29892,
372,
1122,
451,
12695,
367,
278,
1959,
5782,
263,
7751,
881,
2125,
746,
366,
2050,
5626,
1316,
408,
12469,
23683,
27715,
322,
916,
12402,
1288,
25091,
1699,
540,
4083,
29889,
13,
1252,
546,
1372,
515,
278,
1532,
29899,
5203,
27990,
5925,
322,
8799,
292,
2318,
1085,
6693,
29895,
29892,
1985,
373,
2306,
3131,
310,
278,
476,
2227,
8010,
5331,
491,
4124,
3260,
29892,
505,
23580,
4332,
3864,
4180,
848,
515,
437,
29920,
575,
310,
23474,
29899,
17696,
13968,
297,
278,
9281,
8576,
310,
278,
1889,
304,
2693,
263,
664,
519,
1788,
304,
7738,
263,
6593,
1319,
731,
310,
7670,
23768,
1894,
293,
4097,
313,
29968,
2227,
29879,
29897,
363,
278,
3353,
528,
17347,
13661,
29889,
13,
2855,
4124,
3260,
29892,
278,
6121,
11302,
15477,
363,
7751,
1171,
18150,
29892,
4083,
372,
338,
12242,
292,
304,
7910,
278,
1353,
310,
13968,
13138,
848,
304,
278,
2060,
304,
901,
1135,
29871,
29896,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
2645,
278,
3236,
310,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29900,
29889,
450,
848,
16531,
29892,
607,
338,
4934,
297,
9406,
16420,
29892,
674,
367,
1304,
304,
12725,
278,
3918,
29892,
11539,
278,
848,
10446,
28326,
4127,
322,
1243,
278,
13661,
23513,
5680,
29889,
13,
29908,
4013,
2060,
674,
367,
29811,
14981,
4100,
363,
445,
13661,
1699,
25383,
5122,
8335,
3637,
29892,
24193,
1171,
310,
4124,
3260,
29915,
29879,
476,
2227,
12930,
29889,
376,
4806,
526,
472,
278,
4688,
22950,
310,
4332,
3864,
445,
2472,
322,
1749,
3414,
363,
278,
1629,
14432,
338,
304,
6597,
6593,
1319,
26999,
310,
848,
1699,
540,
1497,
29889,
13,
29923,
279,
4926,
445,
1629,
278,
20251,
310,
1556,
310,
278,
10150,
528,
17347,
13661,
17459,
800,
14283,
380,
1296,
7694,
5870,
886,
322,
664,
845,
3554,
988,
896,
13384,
263,
17762,
2264,
304,
5988,
411,
4124,
3260,
304,
6773,
304,
2693,
385,
13661,
29899,
16044,
287,
1788,
304,
9025,
278,
11265,
322,
5849,
310,
4180,
20801,
29889,
512,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29900,
4124,
3260,
13900,
304,
4808,
2211,
4340,
664,
845,
3554,
29892,
17791,
297,
14325,
322,
4092,
29892,
304,
9025,
380,
1296,
8948,
414,
304,
6985,
297,
2893,
9215,
825,
848,
338,
1556,
5407,
322,
8210,
363,
4180,
29652,
29889,
13,
4074,
3260,
29892
] | 1,024 |
C4
| 0.200797 | 0.483419 | 1.037497 | 0.477871 |
Mika Ninagawa, daughter of celebrated theatre director Yukio Ninagawa - recently seen in London with his production of Cymbeline starring Hiroshi Abe - is one of Japan's leading photographers and made an impressive cinema debut with her extremely colourful story of a geisha, Sakuran. Like Sakuran, her second film Helter Skelter is also a manga adaptation, but this time of Kyoko Okazaki's manga about the dark side of the fashion world.
LiLiCo (Erika Sawajiri) is the top fashion celebrity of her era. Idolised by thousands of teenage girls and lusted over by men of all ages her worth in terms of revenue cannot be measured - she is an industry all to herself. For the cameras she's cute and demure but behind the scenes she's a ravenous diva; she takes everything and gives nothing. However, she has a secret which is the reason for some deep-seated anxiety and insecure bitchiness - she is almost totally artificial, literally a manufactured superstar. Obviously, I don't mean she was grown in a vat or anything, merely that she was once a plain looking and pudgy teenager who, having been discovered by her manager, underwent full body cosmetic surgery to become the LiLiCo that every high school girl in the country is desperate to resemble. The only original part of her left is her eyeballs; everything else was sculpted by surgeons at the design of the manager.
However, this 'revolutionary surgery' is not all it's cracked up to be as LiLiCo needs to have constant checkups and take a strict regimen of medication. Even this does not prevent the growth of black lesions across her skin which look horrifically necrotic and have to be covered up by her trusted make-up artist (Hirofumi Arai). If anyone found out about LiLiCo's 'fake' nature, her career would be over and, sadly, she'd have nothing left. LiLiCo has of course been around a while and such fame and 'beauty' can only last so long even with the best surgeons in the world, so when when a new, naturally pretty, smart, clued-up youngster comes on the scene you can bet LiLiCo begins to panic. Around this time she starts to lose it big time, and the effect of her erratic behaviour on those around her is truly shocking to behold.
It is at this point I should make clear that I haven't read the original manga so I'm not sure exactly how many of the issues of the film directly relate back to its source material. Mostly the story focuses on LiLiCo and her ever spiralling loss of control, but there's also a side strand with some very strange policemen, one of whom has a distinct philosophical bent and seems to be completely entranced by the entire LiLiCo phenomenon. For reasons that didn't seem completely clear to me, Japanese policemen presumably have their assignments assigned to them rather than chasing interesting phenomena - this particular policemen realises there's something fishy about LiLiCo and ends up investigating cases of other women who've been treated by LiLiCo's clinic with disastrous results. Occasionally the policeman turns up to offer zen-like advice but is otherwise found discussing the film's issues with his female colleague. The interaction between these two strands of the story is quite clunky and they never quite manage to successfully integrate.
It also has to be said that the film's message does appear a little old hat - 'the fashion industry is fickle, cannibalistic and parasitic and people pay too much attention to superficial notions of physical beauty' - it's not exactly headline news these days. Exploiter or exploitee, it's all a massive cycle of use and misuse where everyone is complicit from the gossiping high school girls to the dodgy cosmetic surgery clinic, the managers, publicists and the media at large. While it's quite difficult to sympathise with LiLiCo as she's a total monster for a great deal of the film, it is difficult not to pity her by the end as she's obviously been fed a dream that was never going to be fulfilled. Manipulated and manipulating; there must be many people in such industries in much the same position.
Strong on visuals but muddled when it comes to storytelling, Hel
|
[
341,
4106,
27960,
351,
10011,
29892,
8750,
310,
26301,
24520,
8881,
612,
2679,
601,
27960,
351,
10011,
448,
10325,
3595,
297,
4517,
411,
670,
5802,
310,
315,
962,
29890,
5570,
380,
23693,
379,
3350,
845,
29875,
319,
915,
448,
338,
697,
310,
5546,
29915,
29879,
8236,
17739,
414,
322,
1754,
385,
21210,
573,
24615,
9512,
411,
902,
14154,
12384,
1319,
5828,
310,
263,
1737,
728,
29874,
29892,
19736,
332,
273,
29889,
8502,
19736,
332,
273,
29892,
902,
1473,
2706,
6162,
357,
4971,
21883,
338,
884,
263,
286,
12686,
28206,
29892,
541,
445,
931,
310,
16931,
15218,
3674,
834,
9940,
29915,
29879,
286,
12686,
1048,
278,
6501,
2625,
310,
278,
13460,
3186,
29889,
13,
23410,
23410,
7967,
313,
29923,
374,
1335,
317,
1450,
1175,
12737,
29897,
338,
278,
2246,
13460,
10894,
537,
310,
902,
3152,
29889,
5163,
324,
3368,
491,
17202,
310,
734,
264,
482,
14000,
322,
301,
16656,
975,
491,
1757,
310,
599,
24646,
902,
7088,
297,
4958,
310,
337,
9947,
2609,
367,
17005,
448,
1183,
338,
385,
13661,
599,
304,
8735,
29889,
1152,
278,
3949,
18464,
1183,
29915,
29879,
274,
1082,
322,
1261,
545,
541,
5742,
278,
20407,
1183,
29915,
29879,
263,
1153,
854,
681,
1933,
29874,
29936,
1183,
4893,
4129,
322,
4076,
3078,
29889,
2398,
29892,
1183,
756,
263,
7035,
607,
338,
278,
2769,
363,
777,
6483,
29899,
344,
630,
14919,
21549,
322,
297,
24216,
289,
2335,
3335,
448,
1183,
338,
4359,
14909,
23116,
29892,
22830,
263,
12012,
2955,
2428,
8508,
29889,
25735,
29892,
306,
1016,
29915,
29873,
2099,
1183,
471,
21633,
297,
263,
325,
271,
470,
3099,
29892,
13586,
393,
1183,
471,
2748,
263,
8656,
3063,
322,
282,
566,
1927,
734,
264,
1875,
1058,
29892,
2534,
1063,
10943,
491,
902,
8455,
29892,
1090,
29893,
296,
2989,
3573,
6776,
2527,
293,
25300,
708,
304,
4953,
278,
2718,
23410,
7967,
393,
1432,
1880,
3762,
7826,
297,
278,
4234,
338,
553,
21194,
304,
620,
6967,
29889,
450,
871,
2441,
760,
310,
902,
2175,
338,
902,
321,
29891,
774,
4293,
29936,
4129,
1683,
471,
17039,
287,
491,
1190,
479,
787,
472,
278,
2874,
310,
278,
8455,
29889,
13,
17245,
29892,
445,
525,
276,
4068,
653,
25300,
708,
29915,
338,
451,
599,
372,
29915,
29879,
26755,
287,
701,
304,
367,
408,
2718,
23410,
7967,
4225,
304,
505,
4868,
1423,
14340,
322,
2125,
263,
9406,
1072,
19933,
310,
13589,
362,
29889,
7753,
445,
947,
451,
5557,
278,
14321,
310,
4628,
966,
1080,
4822,
902,
19309,
607,
1106,
4029,
29878,
928,
635,
452,
29883,
5450,
293,
322,
505,
304,
367,
10664,
701,
491,
902,
9311,
287,
1207,
29899,
786,
7664,
313,
29950,
3350,
29888,
15547,
319,
17016,
467,
960,
5019,
1476,
714,
1048,
2718,
23410,
7967,
29915,
29879,
525,
29888,
1296,
29915,
5469,
29892,
902,
6413,
723,
367,
975,
322,
29892,
14610,
368,
29892,
1183,
29915,
29881,
505,
3078,
2175,
29889,
2718,
23410,
7967,
756,
310,
3236,
1063,
2820,
263,
1550,
322,
1316,
27965,
322,
525,
915,
1300,
29891,
29915,
508,
871,
1833,
577,
1472,
1584,
411,
278,
1900,
1190,
479,
787,
297,
278,
3186,
29892,
577,
746,
746,
263,
716,
29892,
18180,
5051,
29892,
15040,
29892,
1067,
6742,
29899,
786,
4123,
2475,
5304,
373,
278,
9088,
366,
508,
1010,
2718,
23410,
7967,
16410,
304,
7243,
293,
29889,
826,
618,
445,
931,
1183,
8665,
304,
14074,
372,
4802,
931,
29892,
322,
278,
2779,
310,
902,
4589,
2454,
10468,
373,
1906,
2820,
902,
338,
19781,
19253,
292,
304,
2306,
1025,
29889,
13,
3112,
338,
472,
445,
1298,
306,
881,
1207,
2821,
393,
306,
7359,
29915,
29873,
1303,
278,
2441,
286,
12686,
577,
306,
29915,
29885,
451,
1854,
3721,
920,
1784,
310,
278,
5626,
310,
278,
2706,
4153,
29279,
1250,
304,
967,
2752,
5518,
29889,
7849,
368,
278,
5828,
8569,
267,
373,
2718,
23410,
7967,
322,
902,
3926,
6337,
27855,
6410,
310,
2761,
29892,
541,
727,
29915,
29879,
884,
263,
2625,
851,
392,
411,
777,
1407,
8515,
13665,
12398,
29892,
697,
310,
6029,
756,
263,
8359,
11847,
936,
26148,
322,
2444,
304,
367,
6446,
875,
661,
1133,
491,
278,
4152,
2718,
23410,
7967,
27791,
265,
29889,
1152,
9590,
393,
3282,
29915,
29873,
2833,
6446,
2821,
304,
592,
29892,
10369,
13665,
12398,
2225,
24873,
505,
1009,
3566,
1860,
9859,
304,
963,
3265,
1135,
521,
5832,
8031,
17292,
28342,
448,
445,
3153,
13665,
12398,
1855,
4637,
727,
29915,
29879,
1554,
9427,
29891,
1048,
2718,
23410,
7967,
322,
10614,
701,
7405,
1218,
4251,
310,
916,
5866,
1058,
29915,
345,
1063,
14914,
491,
2718,
23410,
7967,
29915,
29879,
24899,
293,
411,
766,
7614,
681,
2582,
29889,
16117,
7002,
635,
278,
13665,
11422,
12169,
701,
304,
5957,
503,
264,
29899,
4561,
9848,
541,
338,
6467,
1476,
5353,
292,
278,
2706,
29915,
29879,
5626,
411,
670,
12944,
23056,
3437,
29889,
450,
14881,
1546,
1438,
1023,
851,
4167,
310,
278,
5828,
338,
3755,
1067,
2960,
29891,
322,
896,
2360,
3755,
10933,
304,
8472,
22782,
29889,
13,
3112,
884,
756,
304,
367,
1497,
393,
278,
2706,
29915,
29879,
2643,
947,
2615,
263,
2217,
2030,
3056,
448,
525,
1552,
13460,
13661,
338,
22312,
280,
29892,
508,
29876,
747,
284,
4695,
322,
610,
294,
277,
293,
322,
2305,
5146,
2086,
1568,
8570,
304,
2428,
29888,
5611,
451,
1080,
310,
9128,
15409,
29915,
448,
372,
29915,
29879,
451,
3721,
2343,
1220,
9763,
1438,
3841,
29889,
12027,
417,
1524,
470,
16035,
568,
29872,
29892,
372,
29915,
29879,
599,
263,
20364,
11412,
310,
671,
322,
3984,
1509,
988,
14332,
338,
752,
4019,
515,
278,
330,
2209,
666,
292,
1880,
3762,
14000,
304,
278,
21130,
1927,
6776,
2527,
293,
25300,
708,
24899,
293,
29892,
278,
767,
18150,
29892,
970,
2879,
322,
278,
5745,
472,
2919,
29889,
5806,
372,
29915,
29879,
3755,
5189,
304,
17520,
895,
411,
2718,
23410,
7967,
408,
1183,
29915,
29879,
263,
3001,
1601,
2475,
363,
263,
2107,
5376,
310,
278,
2706,
29892,
372,
338,
5189,
451,
304,
28875,
902,
491,
278,
1095,
408,
1183,
29915,
29879,
12879,
1063,
21242,
263,
12561,
393,
471,
2360,
2675,
304,
367,
6095,
26940,
29889,
2315,
666,
7964,
322,
11525,
18099,
29936,
727,
1818,
367,
1784,
2305,
297,
1316,
6397,
2722,
297,
1568,
278,
1021,
2602,
29889,
13,
5015,
549,
373,
7604,
29879,
541,
17439,
29881,
839,
746,
372,
5304,
304,
5828,
29873,
7807,
29892,
6162
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| 0.864779 | 0.046066 | 0.139541 | -0.815782 |
Transportist by David Levinson
Networks, Economics, and Urban Systems
Transportist (Blog)
David Levinson
Photos – Alumni
Rules for Researchers
The Reviewers Guild Charter
Accessibility Observatory
Metropolitan Travel Survey Archive
STREET: Simulating Transportation for Realistic Engineering and Education
Transport Access Manual
Network Design Lab
The 30-Minute City: Designing for Access
A Political Economy of Access
Elements of Access
Spontaneous Access: Reflexions on Designing Cities and Transport
The End of Traffic and the Future of Access
Metropolitan Land Use and Transport: Planning for Place and Plexus (2nd Edition)
The Transportation Experience: Second Edition
Evolving Transportation Networks
Network Reliability in Practice
Access to Destinations
Financing Transportation Networks
Fundamentals of Transportation
Transportation Economics
Transportation Geography and Network Science
Policy Papers and Reports
Software, Data, and Networks
Scanned Documents
TransportLab
WalkSydney
Master of Transport
Road Rent – On the Opportunity Cost of Land Used for Roads
2018-06-21 2019-03-15 | David Levinson
There are a number of ways to view the cost of automobile travel. For instance
A Political Economy of Access: Infrastructure, Networks, Cities, and Institutions by David M. Levinson and David A. King
We can look at the congestion costs imposed [link].
We can allocate infrastructure costs [link].
We can assess full costs to consider internal costs, subsidies, and externalities [link].
This post looks at the idea of road rent. At the margins, what is the value of road space, and how might that cost look on a per vehicle-km traveled basis?
Land has value. Land used as roads has value both as a road and potentially for other uses. What if the value for other uses was higher than that for use as a road?
In Greater Sydney land values range from to $AU210,000 per m² in Barangaroo on Darling Harbour to under $AU1000 per m² in Western Sydney [link]. In Minneapolis, we estimated a few years ago that average assessed land value as $144 per m² for roads and $30 per m² for highways. [Junge, Jason and David Levinson (2013) Property Tax on Privatized Roads. Research in Transportation Business and Management. Volume 7. pp. 35-42.] It seems that assessed value is about 2/3 of market value in Minneapolis.
In some places it is much higher, in some places much lower, the examples used herein are simply an illustration.
The idea is that there is land holder (such as a government land agency) that has to decide whether to allocate land to road uses or for other purposes.
Parking Rent
Consider a typical suburban residential neighborhood with `free' parking in front of houses. The land is valued at $1,000 per m². Each house requires one parking space out front, and parking is permitted 24 h per day. Conservatively, a car takes 10 m² when parked (the road is the access lane, we consider that separately). It would cost $10,000 for the land owner to purchase the land equivalent of the parked car. The annual rent on that would be $400 (at 4% interest).
In this example $400 is how much the car owner should pay annually to their municipality for a permit to park their car to cover the cost of land (not the cost of infrastructure, or any other costs of roads and mobility, just the cost of land). This is a bit more than $1/day (more precisely $1.095/day). In more expensive neighborhoods, this would be higher, in less expensive neighborhoods, lower.
For Minneapolis, I have previously estimated about 220,000 on-street spaces. At $400/space per year, this would raise $88,000,000 per year, a not inconsiderable share of the city's $1.3B annual budget. Instead it is mostly given away free.
Consider the implications if property taxes were reduced by up to $88M in total, and par
|
[
15710,
391,
491,
4699,
951,
3845,
1100,
13,
13724,
29879,
29892,
12884,
1199,
29892,
322,
22589,
23985,
13,
27395,
391,
313,
29933,
1188,
29897,
13,
19504,
951,
3845,
1100,
13,
4819,
15788,
785,
838,
1227,
29875,
13,
29934,
2540,
363,
10550,
414,
13,
1576,
13957,
414,
2088,
789,
2896,
357,
13,
6638,
4127,
21651,
7606,
13,
10095,
10759,
8929,
3201,
955,
23218,
9000,
13,
1254,
1525,
2544,
29901,
3439,
18099,
15710,
362,
363,
8195,
4695,
22557,
322,
13151,
13,
27395,
11028,
2315,
950,
13,
13724,
12037,
12016,
13,
1576,
29871,
29941,
29900,
29899,
8140,
1082,
4412,
29901,
12037,
292,
363,
11028,
13,
29909,
25137,
12884,
29891,
310,
11028,
13,
18868,
310,
11028,
13,
5592,
609,
23584,
11028,
29901,
9897,
2506,
1080,
373,
12037,
292,
315,
1907,
322,
15710,
13,
1576,
2796,
310,
3201,
2416,
322,
278,
16367,
310,
11028,
13,
10095,
10759,
8929,
3172,
4803,
322,
15710,
29901,
1858,
9450,
363,
15484,
322,
349,
2506,
375,
313,
29906,
299,
17138,
29897,
13,
1576,
15710,
362,
28224,
5597,
29901,
6440,
17138,
13,
29923,
1555,
1747,
15710,
362,
8527,
29879,
13,
13724,
390,
5037,
3097,
297,
29124,
625,
13,
6638,
304,
15435,
262,
800,
13,
12881,
19985,
15710,
362,
8527,
29879,
13,
29943,
870,
1166,
1338,
310,
15710,
362,
13,
27395,
362,
12884,
1199,
13,
27395,
362,
27340,
322,
8527,
9327,
13,
15644,
8579,
414,
322,
830,
4011,
13,
6295,
14093,
29892,
3630,
29892,
322,
8527,
29879,
13,
4421,
11310,
10854,
29879,
13,
27395,
28632,
13,
29956,
2235,
29903,
2941,
3801,
13,
19203,
310,
15710,
13,
9588,
328,
390,
296,
785,
1551,
278,
438,
3016,
6997,
9839,
310,
3172,
501,
8485,
363,
1528,
7925,
13,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
29899,
29900,
29953,
29899,
29906,
29896,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29929,
29899,
29900,
29941,
29899,
29896,
29945,
891,
4699,
951,
3845,
1100,
13,
8439,
526,
263,
1353,
310,
5837,
304,
1776,
278,
3438,
310,
3345,
5249,
9850,
29889,
1152,
2777,
13,
29909,
25137,
12884,
29891,
310,
11028,
29901,
512,
14867,
12425,
29892,
8527,
29879,
29892,
315,
1907,
29892,
322,
28218,
29879,
491,
4699,
341,
29889,
951,
3845,
1100,
322,
4699,
319,
29889,
4088,
13,
4806,
508,
1106,
472,
278,
378,
29887,
602,
21544,
527,
4752,
518,
2324,
1822,
13,
4806,
508,
23632,
22035,
12425,
21544,
518,
2324,
1822,
13,
4806,
508,
24809,
2989,
21544,
304,
2050,
7463,
21544,
29892,
11684,
333,
583,
29892,
322,
7029,
1907,
518,
2324,
1822,
13,
4013,
1400,
3430,
472,
278,
2969,
310,
6520,
23990,
29889,
2180,
278,
15276,
1144,
29892,
825,
338,
278,
995,
310,
6520,
2913,
29892,
322,
920,
1795,
393,
3438,
1106,
373,
263,
639,
19716,
29899,
8848,
1020,
345,
839,
8405,
29973,
13,
22677,
756,
995,
29889,
3172,
1304,
408,
25320,
756,
995,
1716,
408,
263,
6520,
322,
19998,
363,
916,
3913,
29889,
1724,
565,
278,
995,
363,
916,
3913,
471,
6133,
1135,
393,
363,
671,
408,
263,
6520,
29973,
13,
797,
4122,
1008,
16198,
2982,
1819,
3464,
515,
304,
395,
25951,
29906,
29896,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
639,
286,
30088,
297,
2261,
574,
279,
3634,
373,
7335,
1847,
3536,
6526,
304,
1090,
395,
25951,
29896,
29900,
29900,
29900,
639,
286,
30088,
297,
10504,
16198,
518,
2324,
1822,
512,
3080,
484,
25332,
29892,
591,
15899,
263,
2846,
2440,
8020,
393,
6588,
1223,
11517,
2982,
995,
408,
395,
29896,
29946,
29946,
639,
286,
30088,
363,
25320,
322,
395,
29941,
29900,
639,
286,
30088,
363,
1880,
1994,
29889,
518,
29967,
19440,
29892,
21776,
322,
4699,
951,
3845,
1100,
313,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29941,
29897,
9079,
17847,
373,
18936,
271,
1891,
1528,
7925,
29889,
10550,
297,
15710,
362,
15197,
322,
15057,
29889,
16934,
29871,
29955,
29889,
6499,
29889,
29871,
29941,
29945,
29899,
29946,
29906,
5586,
739,
2444,
393,
1223,
11517,
995,
338,
1048,
29871,
29906,
29914,
29941,
310,
9999,
995,
297,
3080,
484,
25332,
29889,
13,
797,
777,
7600,
372,
338,
1568,
6133,
29892,
297,
777,
7600,
1568,
5224,
29892,
278,
6455,
1304,
1244,
262,
526,
3763,
385,
8632,
362,
29889,
13,
1576,
2969,
338,
393,
727,
338,
2982,
19464,
313,
14565,
408,
263,
5874,
2982,
946,
3819,
29897,
393,
756,
304,
11097,
3692,
304,
23632,
2982,
304,
6520,
3913,
470,
363,
916,
11976,
29889,
13,
29925,
935,
292,
390,
296,
13,
13696,
1241,
263,
15662,
1014,
25006,
20201,
616,
18403,
411,
421,
9021,
29915,
610,
9292,
297,
4565,
310,
12955,
29889,
450,
2982,
338,
659,
6742,
472,
395,
29896,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
639,
286,
11298,
7806,
3699,
6858,
697,
610,
9292,
2913,
714,
4565,
29892,
322,
610,
9292,
338,
21905,
29871,
29906,
29946,
298,
639,
2462,
29889,
15312,
6703,
29892,
263,
1559,
4893,
29871,
29896,
29900,
286,
30088,
746,
14089,
287,
313,
1552,
6520,
338,
278,
2130,
301,
1662,
29892,
591,
2050,
393,
16949,
467,
739,
723,
3438,
395,
29896,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
363,
278,
2982,
12271,
304,
20590,
278,
2982,
7126,
310,
278,
14089,
287,
1559,
29889,
450,
17568,
23990,
373,
393,
723,
367,
395,
29946,
29900,
29900,
313,
271,
29871,
29946,
29995,
4066,
467,
13,
797,
445,
1342,
395,
29946,
29900,
29900,
338,
920,
1568,
278,
1559,
12271,
881,
5146,
2889,
1474,
304,
1009,
21511,
363,
263,
14257,
304,
14089,
1009,
1559,
304,
4612,
278,
3438,
310,
2982,
313,
1333,
278,
3438,
310,
22035,
12425,
29892,
470,
738,
916,
21544,
310,
25320,
322,
22458,
1793,
29892,
925,
278,
3438,
310,
2982,
467,
910,
338,
263,
2586,
901,
1135,
395,
29896,
29914,
3250,
313,
5514,
17503,
395,
29896,
29889,
29900,
29929,
29945,
29914,
3250,
467,
512,
901,
19390,
18403,
29879,
29892,
445,
723,
367,
6133,
29892,
297,
3109,
19390,
18403,
29879,
29892,
5224,
29889,
13,
2831,
3080,
484,
25332,
29892,
306,
505,
9251,
15899,
1048,
29871,
29906,
29906,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
373,
29899,
29352,
8162,
29889,
2180,
395,
29946,
29900,
29900,
29914,
3493,
639,
1629,
29892,
445,
723,
12020,
395,
29947,
29947,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
639,
1629,
29892,
263,
451,
22435,
1241,
519,
6232,
310,
278,
4272,
29915,
29879,
395,
29896,
29889,
29941,
29933,
17568,
23562,
29889,
8669,
372,
338,
11149,
2183,
3448,
3889,
29889,
13,
13696,
1241,
278,
2411,
5795,
565,
2875,
8818,
267,
892,
12212,
491,
701,
304,
395,
29947,
29947,
29924,
297,
3001,
29892,
322,
610
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| 0.172608 | 0.618389 | 1.116399 | 1.114104 |
king permits sold at $400/year (payable monthly with the water and trash bill). People would realize the cost of on-street parking, and there would be less of it, and less vehicle ownership at the margins, and fewer trips by car. Space freed up could be re-allocated.
Alternatively, $400 per year is the value of public subsidy from publicly-owned land to private car owners who get `free' on-street parking. In short from the car-less to the car owners.
Alternative Uses of Road Space
The economic idea of opportunity cost is important here. Opportunity cost is value of the next best alternative. The next best alternative to road space might be renting it out. So for instance an urban US freeway that destroyed blocks of extant development when it was built has an opportunity cost associated with the value of that real estate.
So the question arises as to what other uses could be made of the road; for if there were no other uses, you might as well store cars for free. Here are several other uses that could be considered to replacing a parking lane:
Park or parklet,
Bike lane,
Bus lane,
Paid parking, via meters,
Shared car parking (rented to the car sharing company),
Shared bike parking (rented to the station-based or dockless bike sharing company),
Taxi or ride-hailing stand,
Bus stop,
Shared scooter parking (rented to dockless scooter sharing company),
Food truck or ice cream vendor,
Road for moving motor vehicles (a parking lane could be another moving lane),
Sold off for development.
The last item deserves some discussion. Consider that our road with two parking lanes (one on each side) is maybe 10 or 12m wide (~32 to 40ft). This is wider than some houses are long. The city could in principle retain the sidewalks and sell off the roadbed for townhouses or single family homes. Given the houses are already serviced by alleys, and so long as not all roads were sold off, some roads could be. An illustration of this is the Milwaukee Avenue in Seward in Minneapolis, as shown in the figure. You will see there is no paved street in front of the houses. This could be tightened up further or realigned should there be demand.
Milwaukee Avenue, Seward. Source: http://maha2014.dreamhosters.com/history
This is not appropriate for every street. However, (1) there are places this can be done, where roads are in excess and housing scarce, and (2) this illustrates that land currently used as asphalt to store and move cars has value, and that houses have value even in the absence of streets for cars in the front.
There are always excuses — utilities may need to be relocated, fire trucks would need to go slower down narrower sidewalks. But these excuses can be overcome, there are numerous examples of narrow paths that function as roads.
Driving Rent
Note: 1 are = 100 m² and 1 hectare (ha) = 10,000 m²
Typically each car is in use 1 – 1.5 hours per day, and parked for the remainder. In the previous section, we considered parking, the `remainder,' in this section we look at the time in motion.
When in use, the car is occupying not simply its area (the 10m² = 2m x 5m), but also is preventing the use of other space around it. On a freeway with a capacity of 1800 vehicles per hour traveling at a freeflow speed of 100 km/h, (i.e. just before the speed and flow drop due to congestion sets in) there is a critical density of 18 vehicles/km.
18 vehicles per km is 55.5 meters per vehicle. Lane width is 3.65 meters, so the area occupied is 202 m². Let's round to 200 m². Each moment a car is in use, it is using 200 m², on which it should pay rent. So for an hour a day, this is 720,000 m² s or 72 ha s. (The meter-squared by second (or hectare second) is a
|
[
9292,
3635,
1169,
5239,
472,
395,
29946,
29900,
29900,
29914,
6360,
313,
10472,
519,
4098,
368,
411,
278,
4094,
322,
534,
1161,
11118,
467,
11647,
723,
16289,
278,
3438,
310,
373,
29899,
29352,
610,
9292,
29892,
322,
727,
723,
367,
3109,
310,
372,
29892,
322,
3109,
19716,
27428,
472,
278,
15276,
1144,
29892,
322,
28145,
3367,
567,
491,
1559,
29889,
14121,
3005,
287,
701,
1033,
367,
337,
29899,
15956,
630,
29889,
13,
2499,
725,
6703,
29892,
395,
29946,
29900,
29900,
639,
1629,
338,
278,
995,
310,
970,
11684,
333,
29891,
515,
970,
368,
29899,
26689,
2982,
304,
2024,
1559,
1914,
414,
1058,
679,
421,
9021,
29915,
373,
29899,
29352,
610,
9292,
29889,
512,
3273,
515,
278,
1559,
29899,
2222,
304,
278,
1559,
1914,
414,
29889,
13,
2499,
725,
1230,
10783,
267,
310,
9321,
14121,
13,
1576,
17407,
2969,
310,
15130,
3438,
338,
4100,
1244,
29889,
438,
3016,
6997,
3438,
338,
995,
310,
278,
2446,
1900,
8671,
29889,
450,
2446,
1900,
8671,
304,
6520,
2913,
1795,
367,
23990,
292,
372,
714,
29889,
1105,
363,
2777,
385,
17164,
3148,
3005,
809,
388,
393,
14416,
10930,
310,
1294,
424,
5849,
746,
372,
471,
4240,
756,
385,
15130,
3438,
6942,
411,
278,
995,
310,
393,
1855,
19989,
29889,
13,
6295,
278,
1139,
564,
4637,
408,
304,
825,
916,
3913,
1033,
367,
1754,
310,
278,
6520,
29936,
363,
565,
727,
892,
694,
916,
3913,
29892,
366,
1795,
408,
1532,
3787,
18647,
363,
3889,
29889,
2266,
526,
3196,
916,
3913,
393,
1033,
367,
5545,
304,
15270,
263,
610,
9292,
301,
1662,
29901,
13,
29925,
935,
470,
14089,
1026,
29892,
13,
29933,
9345,
301,
1662,
29892,
13,
16890,
301,
1662,
29892,
13,
11868,
333,
610,
9292,
29892,
3025,
27881,
29892,
13,
21741,
1559,
610,
9292,
313,
7771,
287,
304,
278,
1559,
19383,
5001,
511,
13,
21741,
4768,
446,
610,
9292,
313,
7771,
287,
304,
278,
5073,
29899,
6707,
470,
23630,
2222,
4768,
446,
19383,
5001,
511,
13,
29911,
20593,
470,
22203,
29899,
29882,
737,
292,
2317,
29892,
13,
16890,
5040,
29892,
13,
21741,
885,
3155,
261,
610,
9292,
313,
7771,
287,
304,
23630,
2222,
885,
3155,
261,
19383,
5001,
511,
13,
29943,
2092,
534,
2707,
470,
14890,
907,
314,
27042,
29892,
13,
9588,
328,
363,
8401,
10992,
24413,
313,
29874,
610,
9292,
301,
1662,
1033,
367,
1790,
8401,
301,
1662,
511,
13,
29903,
1025,
1283,
363,
5849,
29889,
13,
1576,
1833,
2944,
16964,
1960,
777,
10679,
29889,
10056,
393,
1749,
6520,
411,
1023,
610,
9292,
10906,
267,
313,
650,
373,
1269,
2625,
29897,
338,
5505,
29871,
29896,
29900,
470,
29871,
29896,
29906,
29885,
9377,
313,
30022,
29941,
29906,
304,
29871,
29946,
29900,
615,
467,
910,
338,
25734,
1135,
777,
12955,
526,
1472,
29889,
450,
4272,
1033,
297,
12502,
11551,
278,
2625,
14625,
2039,
322,
19417,
1283,
278,
6520,
2580,
363,
4726,
29882,
23676,
470,
2323,
3942,
17774,
29889,
11221,
278,
12955,
526,
2307,
3348,
7612,
491,
4788,
952,
29892,
322,
577,
1472,
408,
451,
599,
25320,
892,
5239,
1283,
29892,
777,
25320,
1033,
367,
29889,
530,
8632,
362,
310,
445,
338,
278,
3833,
29893,
585,
23137,
18874,
297,
317,
809,
538,
297,
3080,
484,
25332,
29892,
408,
4318,
297,
278,
4377,
29889,
887,
674,
1074,
727,
338,
694,
282,
10511,
11952,
297,
4565,
310,
278,
12955,
29889,
910,
1033,
367,
19932,
6419,
701,
4340,
470,
1855,
12961,
881,
727,
367,
9667,
29889,
13,
29316,
29893,
585,
23137,
18874,
29892,
317,
809,
538,
29889,
7562,
29901,
1732,
597,
655,
2350,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29946,
29889,
29881,
1633,
3069,
414,
29889,
510,
29914,
18434,
13,
4013,
338,
451,
8210,
363,
1432,
11952,
29889,
2398,
29892,
313,
29896,
29897,
727,
526,
7600,
445,
508,
367,
2309,
29892,
988,
25320,
526,
297,
19163,
322,
27261,
21990,
346,
29892,
322,
313,
29906,
29897,
445,
8632,
1078,
393,
2982,
5279,
1304,
408,
408,
561,
1997,
304,
3787,
322,
4337,
18647,
756,
995,
29892,
322,
393,
12955,
505,
995,
1584,
297,
278,
18070,
310,
19756,
363,
18647,
297,
278,
4565,
29889,
13,
8439,
526,
2337,
5566,
6394,
813,
3667,
1907,
1122,
817,
304,
367,
337,
28809,
29892,
3974,
534,
2707,
29879,
723,
817,
304,
748,
20312,
1623,
17655,
307,
556,
2625,
14625,
2039,
29889,
1205,
1438,
5566,
6394,
508,
367,
25688,
29892,
727,
526,
12727,
6455,
310,
12474,
10898,
393,
740,
408,
25320,
29889,
13,
29928,
1150,
292,
390,
296,
13,
9842,
29901,
29871,
29896,
526,
353,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29900,
286,
30088,
322,
29871,
29896,
28834,
598,
313,
2350,
29897,
353,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
286,
30088,
13,
24933,
1711,
1269,
1559,
338,
297,
671,
29871,
29896,
785,
29871,
29896,
29889,
29945,
6199,
639,
2462,
29892,
322,
14089,
287,
363,
278,
21162,
29889,
512,
278,
3517,
4004,
29892,
591,
5545,
610,
9292,
29892,
278,
421,
1745,
475,
672,
5501,
297,
445,
4004,
591,
1106,
472,
278,
931,
297,
10884,
29889,
13,
10401,
297,
671,
29892,
278,
1559,
338,
6919,
5414,
451,
3763,
967,
4038,
313,
1552,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29885,
30088,
353,
29871,
29906,
29885,
921,
29871,
29945,
29885,
511,
541,
884,
338,
5557,
292,
278,
671,
310,
916,
2913,
2820,
372,
29889,
1551,
263,
3005,
809,
388,
411,
263,
13284,
310,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29900,
29900,
24413,
639,
7234,
9850,
292,
472,
263,
3889,
1731,
6210,
310,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29900,
2383,
29914,
29882,
29892,
313,
29875,
29889,
29872,
29889,
925,
1434,
278,
6210,
322,
4972,
5768,
2861,
304,
378,
29887,
602,
6166,
297,
29897,
727,
338,
263,
12187,
9027,
310,
29871,
29896,
29947,
24413,
29914,
8848,
29889,
13,
29896,
29947,
24413,
639,
2383,
338,
29871,
29945,
29945,
29889,
29945,
27881,
639,
19716,
29889,
23841,
2920,
338,
29871,
29941,
29889,
29953,
29945,
27881,
29892,
577,
278,
4038,
16404,
338,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
286,
11298,
2803,
29915,
29879,
4513,
304,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
286,
11298,
7806,
3256,
263,
1559,
338,
297,
671,
29892,
372,
338,
773,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
286,
18833,
373,
607,
372,
881,
5146,
23990,
29889,
1105,
363,
385,
7234,
263,
2462,
29892,
445,
338,
29871,
29955,
29906,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
286,
30088,
269,
470,
29871,
29955,
29906,
447,
269,
29889,
313,
1576,
11134,
29899,
26613,
1965,
491,
1473,
313,
272,
28834,
598,
1473,
29897,
338,
263
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| 0.101964 | 0.040875 | 0.518808 | 0.658748 |
new unit of measurement (a time-volume) that needs a catchier name).
It is the density that is the relevant number here, since vehicles are occupying space that we are charging rent for in this thought experiment. Though they are moving, and so the space they are occupying moves with them, there is always some space being occupied for the duration of their travel. Each of those vehicles per hour is occupying a moving window of space.
Roads are a Time Share
When roads are less congested, cars are consuming more space per vehicle. So uncongested urban are much more expensive per traveler than congested rural roads. When traffic breaks down, they are consuming less space, but presumably are occupying that space for more time, since they are going slower. Induced demand [link] and travel time budgets [link] negate that to a significant extent.
Illustration of space occupied by cars. Note that most cars do not have 2 occupants. This particular layout is, surprisingly, in somewhat congested conditions. Cars often take up more space at higher speeds. Screen still from a 2002 Saturn car company TV commercial. Image source: The San Francisco ad agency Goodby, Silverstein & Partners. Article: Raine, George 'Goodby, Silverstein agency celebrates 25 years' SF Chronicle.
George Raine https://www.sfgate.com/business/article/Goodby-Silverstein-agency-celebrates-25-years-3285120.php#photo-2434077
In this example, the hourly rent on 200 m² is what we are interested in. Though cars move, over the course of 1 hour of travel in these conditions, they are claiming that much space. The specific space they are claiming moves with the vehicles, but this all balances out as other cars claim the space they vacated.
Empty roads still have to be paid for, and paid for by actual road users. Even when a road is not being used, it is available to be used. Travelers have the option of traveling. Pavements cannot be easily be rolled up and allocated to other purposes on the fly, particularly purposes like buildings. (Roads can occasionally be closed for special events, but this is rare during business hours.)
Consider a car trip that uses 3 roads:
Road section 1 (suburban residential): l=5 km, w=3.65, v=30 km/h, q=1000 veh/h, k=33.33 veh/km, AADT=10,000 vehicles/day/lane, p= $1000/m².
Road section 2 (motorway): l=10 km, w=3.65, v= 100 km/h, q=2000 veh/h, k= 20 veh/km, AADT = 20,000 vehicles/day/lane, p= $5000/m².
Road section 3 (downtown): l= 1 km, w=3.65, v=40 km/h, q=1600, k =40 veh/km , AADT=16,000 vehicles/day/lane, p= $10000/m².
where: l = length (km), w= lane width (m), v=velocity (km/h), q=flow (veh/h), k=density (veh/km), AADT = Average Annual Daily Traffic, p= land value ($/m²), i=interest rate = 0.04, r= land rent ($/year/m²), d = days/year
Consider each road section to be a homogenous pipeline. (With heterogenous traffic, this is obviously far more complicated, and we would make use of the q, k, and v variables to compute an area-time.)
The annual rent (R) for each road section is the R=p*i*l*w
Road 1: R=$1,000/m² y * 0.04 * 5,000 m * 3.65 m = $730,000/y
Road 2: R=$5,000/m² y * 0.04 * 10,000 m * 3.65 m = $7,300,0
|
[
716,
5190,
310,
20039,
313,
29874,
931,
29899,
24623,
29897,
393,
4225,
263,
4380,
631,
1024,
467,
13,
3112,
338,
278,
9027,
393,
338,
278,
8018,
1353,
1244,
29892,
1951,
24413,
526,
6919,
5414,
2913,
393,
591,
526,
9151,
292,
23990,
363,
297,
445,
2714,
7639,
29889,
14832,
896,
526,
8401,
29892,
322,
577,
278,
2913,
896,
526,
6919,
5414,
16229,
411,
963,
29892,
727,
338,
2337,
777,
2913,
1641,
16404,
363,
278,
14385,
310,
1009,
9850,
29889,
7806,
310,
1906,
24413,
639,
7234,
338,
6919,
5414,
263,
8401,
3474,
310,
2913,
29889,
13,
9588,
7925,
526,
263,
5974,
26849,
13,
10401,
25320,
526,
3109,
378,
29887,
2868,
29892,
18647,
526,
1136,
9929,
901,
2913,
639,
19716,
29889,
1105,
443,
21015,
2868,
17164,
526,
1568,
901,
19390,
639,
9850,
261,
1135,
378,
29887,
2868,
17692,
25320,
29889,
1932,
12469,
16706,
1623,
29892,
896,
526,
1136,
9929,
3109,
2913,
29892,
541,
2225,
24873,
526,
6919,
5414,
393,
2913,
363,
901,
931,
29892,
1951,
896,
526,
2675,
20312,
29889,
1894,
29884,
1133,
9667,
518,
2324,
29962,
322,
9850,
931,
8619,
20078,
518,
2324,
29962,
3480,
403,
393,
304,
263,
7282,
15834,
29889,
13,
12614,
310,
2913,
16404,
491,
18647,
29889,
3940,
393,
1556,
18647,
437,
451,
505,
29871,
29906,
6919,
1934,
29889,
910,
3153,
5912,
338,
29892,
26800,
368,
29892,
297,
10579,
378,
29887,
2868,
5855,
29889,
315,
1503,
4049,
2125,
701,
901,
2913,
472,
6133,
961,
5779,
29889,
22666,
1603,
515,
263,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29906,
12178,
595,
1559,
5001,
5648,
12128,
29889,
7084,
2752,
29901,
450,
3087,
8970,
594,
946,
3819,
7197,
1609,
29892,
16466,
5465,
669,
3455,
8397,
29889,
21746,
29901,
6981,
457,
29892,
5122,
525,
18420,
1609,
29892,
16466,
5465,
946,
3819,
10894,
1078,
29871,
29906,
29945,
2440,
29915,
28768,
15336,
2512,
29889,
13,
7999,
3890,
6981,
457,
2045,
597,
1636,
29889,
4668,
17062,
29889,
510,
29914,
8262,
3335,
29914,
7914,
29914,
18420,
1609,
29899,
26729,
369,
5465,
29899,
351,
3819,
29899,
346,
280,
1182,
1078,
29899,
29906,
29945,
29899,
6360,
29879,
29899,
29941,
29906,
29947,
29945,
29896,
29906,
29900,
29889,
1961,
29937,
21596,
29899,
29906,
29946,
29941,
29946,
29900,
29955,
29955,
13,
797,
445,
1342,
29892,
278,
7234,
368,
23990,
373,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
286,
30088,
338,
825,
591,
526,
8852,
297,
29889,
14832,
18647,
4337,
29892,
975,
278,
3236,
310,
29871,
29896,
7234,
310,
9850,
297,
1438,
5855,
29892,
896,
526,
5995,
292,
393,
1568,
2913,
29889,
450,
2702,
2913,
896,
526,
5995,
292,
16229,
411,
278,
24413,
29892,
541,
445,
599,
6411,
2925,
714,
408,
916,
18647,
5995,
278,
2913,
896,
11757,
630,
29889,
13,
8915,
25320,
1603,
505,
304,
367,
12530,
363,
29892,
322,
12530,
363,
491,
3935,
6520,
4160,
29889,
7753,
746,
263,
6520,
338,
451,
1641,
1304,
29892,
372,
338,
3625,
304,
367,
1304,
29889,
3201,
955,
414,
505,
278,
2984,
310,
9850,
292,
29889,
20096,
4110,
2609,
367,
5948,
367,
29081,
701,
322,
19591,
304,
916,
11976,
373,
278,
11340,
29892,
10734,
11976,
763,
13814,
29889,
313,
9588,
7925,
508,
23025,
367,
5764,
363,
4266,
4959,
29892,
541,
445,
338,
10812,
2645,
5381,
6199,
1846,
13,
13696,
1241,
263,
1559,
17487,
393,
3913,
29871,
29941,
25320,
29901,
13,
9588,
328,
4004,
29871,
29896,
313,
1491,
25006,
20201,
616,
1125,
301,
29922,
29945,
2383,
29892,
281,
29922,
29941,
29889,
29953,
29945,
29892,
325,
29922,
29941,
29900,
2383,
29914,
29882,
29892,
3855,
29922,
29896,
29900,
29900,
29900,
10852,
29914,
29882,
29892,
413,
29922,
29941,
29941,
29889,
29941,
29941,
10852,
29914,
8848,
29892,
319,
3035,
29911,
29922,
29896,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
24413,
29914,
3250,
29914,
25821,
29892,
282,
29922,
395,
29896,
29900,
29900,
29900,
29914,
29885,
11298,
13,
9588,
328,
4004,
29871,
29906,
313,
14817,
272,
1582,
1125,
301,
29922,
29896,
29900,
2383,
29892,
281,
29922,
29941,
29889,
29953,
29945,
29892,
325,
29922,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29900,
2383,
29914,
29882,
29892,
3855,
29922,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29900,
10852,
29914,
29882,
29892,
413,
29922,
29871,
29906,
29900,
10852,
29914,
8848,
29892,
319,
3035,
29911,
353,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
24413,
29914,
3250,
29914,
25821,
29892,
282,
29922,
395,
29945,
29900,
29900,
29900,
29914,
29885,
11298,
13,
9588,
328,
4004,
29871,
29941,
313,
29881,
340,
593,
776,
1125,
301,
29922,
29871,
29896,
2383,
29892,
281,
29922,
29941,
29889,
29953,
29945,
29892,
325,
29922,
29946,
29900,
2383,
29914,
29882,
29892,
3855,
29922,
29896,
29953,
29900,
29900,
29892,
413,
353,
29946,
29900,
10852,
29914,
8848,
1919,
319,
3035,
29911,
29922,
29896,
29953,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
24413,
29914,
3250,
29914,
25821,
29892,
282,
29922,
395,
29896,
29900,
29900,
29900,
29900,
29914,
29885,
11298,
13,
3062,
29901,
301,
353,
3309,
313,
8848,
511,
281,
29922,
301,
1662,
2920,
313,
29885,
511,
325,
29922,
955,
25245,
313,
8848,
29914,
29882,
511,
3855,
29922,
1731,
313,
345,
29882,
29914,
29882,
511,
413,
29922,
21518,
537,
313,
345,
29882,
29914,
8848,
511,
319,
3035,
29911,
353,
319,
19698,
8081,
950,
23331,
3201,
2416,
29892,
282,
29922,
2982,
995,
3255,
29914,
29885,
30088,
511,
474,
29922,
1639,
342,
6554,
353,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29900,
29946,
29892,
364,
29922,
2982,
23990,
3255,
29914,
6360,
29914,
29885,
30088,
511,
270,
353,
3841,
29914,
6360,
13,
13696,
1241,
1269,
6520,
4004,
304,
367,
263,
3632,
6352,
681,
16439,
29889,
313,
3047,
25745,
6352,
681,
12469,
29892,
445,
338,
12879,
2215,
901,
12092,
29892,
322,
591,
723,
1207,
671,
310,
278,
3855,
29892,
413,
29892,
322,
325,
3651,
304,
10272,
385,
4038,
29899,
2230,
1846,
13,
1576,
17568,
23990,
313,
29934,
29897,
363,
1269,
6520,
4004,
338,
278,
390,
29922,
29886,
29930,
29875,
29930,
29880,
29930,
29893,
13,
9588,
328,
29871,
29896,
29901,
390,
6080,
29896,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
29914,
29885,
30088,
343,
334,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29900,
29946,
334,
29871,
29945,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
286,
334,
29871,
29941,
29889,
29953,
29945,
286,
353,
395,
29955,
29941,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
29914,
29891,
13,
9588,
328,
29871,
29906,
29901,
390,
6080,
29945,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
29914,
29885,
30088,
343,
334,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29900,
29946,
334,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
286,
334,
29871,
29941,
29889,
29953,
29945,
286,
353,
395,
29955,
29892,
29941,
29900,
29900,
29892,
29900
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| -0.103853 | 0.421126 | 0.430491 | 0.752349 |
00/y
Road 3: R=$10,000/m² y * 0.04 * 1,000 m * 3.65 m = $1,460,000/y
This annual rent is paid by the road agency to the land owner for the use of land as a road. The road agency then wants to recover this cost from its customers, the travelers.
The question of how to allocate always has some subjectiveness to it. Another way of thinking about it is based on elasticity of demand. Peak hour work trips are perhaps the least elastic (least sensitive to price), and so from an economic efficiency perspective should bear the greater cost.
In this example, we take a simpler tack.
The allocation is R/AADT to get cost per year per daily tripmaker, and divide by 365 to get cost per trip, and by section length to get cost per km. In this example:
Road 1: $730,000/10000 = $73/y = $0.20/trip = $0.04/km
Road 2: $7,300,000/20000 = $365/y = $1/trip = $0.10/km
Road 3: $1,460,000/16000 = $91.25/y = $0.25/trip=$0.25/km
The total is thus $529.25/year or $1.45/trip to cover land rent. `Your mileage may vary,' as the saying goes.
The implications of this are several.
At an additional $1.45/trip, travel by car (and congestion) will diminish.
Road rent is essentially additive with annualized infrastructure costs, which generally does not consider the cost of land (rather, land is often implicitly considered `free' or a sunk cost).
If travel by car diminishes sufficiently, road space can be clawed back and redeployed for other public purposes.
Narrower lanes impose less road rent. But not necessarily proportionately so, as the throughput on narrower lanes (with human drivers) may be lower as drivers are less keen to be immediately adjacent to nearby high-speed vehicles.
Slower moving vehicles take up less space, but take that space for longer.
While pedestrians and bicyclists use space as well, they use much less space. (See discussion of flux.) Sidewalks (footpaths) are often considered part of the adjacent private property, and are thus already paid for with property tax.
Land used for roads instead of development is not on the books for property taxes.
The revenue raised can be used for many transport purposes or redistributed back to taxpayers through some other means.
We expect the additional road rent reduces the effective land rent that landowners can charge. If people have to pay more for travel, they will pay less for real estate.
Rural areas have much lower, perhaps negligible, road rent. Though the number of users drops significantly (so there are fewer travelers who must pay the burden of road rent), the cost of land drops even more significantly.
Were there no (fewer) roads, land would also have very little (less) value, since it would be difficult to access and egress.
If roads were fully built on, views would be terrible and the existing buildings would diminish in value. But none of that is to say we have the correct amount of roads now. Clearly urban roads are undercharged in a real estate sense.
Posted in A Political Economy of Access, parking, road pricing, thought experiment, Toll roads
< Are Australian Vehicles Getting Bigger?
Why is Public Transport Use Higher in Australia than America and What to Do About It. >
Monthly Transportist Newsletter
@trnsprtst
The 30-Minute City: Designing for Access by David Levinson
The 30-Minute City: Designing for Access by David M. Levinson
Elements of Access: Transport Planning for Engineers, Transport Engineering for Planners. By David M. Levinson, Wes Marshall, Kay Axhausen.
Spontaneous Access
Spontaneous Access: Reflexions on Designing Cities and Transport By David M. Levinson
The End of Traffic and the Future of Access: A Roadmap to the
|
[
29900,
29900,
29914,
29891,
13,
9588,
328,
29871,
29941,
29901,
390,
6080,
29896,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
29914,
29885,
30088,
343,
334,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29900,
29946,
334,
29871,
29896,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
286,
334,
29871,
29941,
29889,
29953,
29945,
286,
353,
395,
29896,
29892,
29946,
29953,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
29914,
29891,
13,
4013,
17568,
23990,
338,
12530,
491,
278,
6520,
946,
3819,
304,
278,
2982,
12271,
363,
278,
671,
310,
2982,
408,
263,
6520,
29889,
450,
6520,
946,
3819,
769,
10753,
304,
9792,
445,
3438,
515,
967,
20330,
29892,
278,
9850,
414,
29889,
13,
1576,
1139,
310,
920,
304,
23632,
2337,
756,
777,
4967,
20193,
304,
372,
29889,
7280,
982,
310,
7291,
1048,
372,
338,
2729,
373,
560,
6288,
537,
310,
9667,
29889,
3938,
557,
7234,
664,
3367,
567,
526,
6060,
278,
3203,
560,
6288,
313,
280,
579,
20502,
304,
8666,
511,
322,
577,
515,
385,
17407,
19201,
18520,
881,
11460,
278,
7621,
3438,
29889,
13,
797,
445,
1342,
29892,
591,
2125,
263,
13682,
22002,
29889,
13,
1576,
24082,
338,
390,
29914,
29909,
3035,
29911,
304,
679,
3438,
639,
1629,
639,
14218,
3367,
3358,
5790,
29892,
322,
16429,
491,
29871,
29941,
29953,
29945,
304,
679,
3438,
639,
17487,
29892,
322,
491,
4004,
3309,
304,
679,
3438,
639,
2383,
29889,
512,
445,
1342,
29901,
13,
9588,
328,
29871,
29896,
29901,
395,
29955,
29941,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
29914,
29896,
29900,
29900,
29900,
29900,
353,
395,
29955,
29941,
29914,
29891,
353,
395,
29900,
29889,
29906,
29900,
29914,
3626,
29886,
353,
395,
29900,
29889,
29900,
29946,
29914,
8848,
13,
9588,
328,
29871,
29906,
29901,
395,
29955,
29892,
29941,
29900,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
29914,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29900,
29900,
353,
395,
29941,
29953,
29945,
29914,
29891,
353,
395,
29896,
29914,
3626,
29886,
353,
395,
29900,
29889,
29896,
29900,
29914,
8848,
13,
9588,
328,
29871,
29941,
29901,
395,
29896,
29892,
29946,
29953,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
29914,
29896,
29953,
29900,
29900,
29900,
353,
395,
29929,
29896,
29889,
29906,
29945,
29914,
29891,
353,
395,
29900,
29889,
29906,
29945,
29914,
3626,
29886,
6080,
29900,
29889,
29906,
29945,
29914,
8848,
13,
1576,
3001,
338,
4550,
395,
29945,
29906,
29929,
29889,
29906,
29945,
29914,
6360,
470,
395,
29896,
29889,
29946,
29945,
29914,
3626,
29886,
304,
4612,
2982,
23990,
29889,
421,
10858,
17967,
482,
1122,
13100,
5501,
408,
278,
5934,
5771,
29889,
13,
1576,
2411,
5795,
310,
445,
526,
3196,
29889,
13,
4178,
385,
5684,
395,
29896,
29889,
29946,
29945,
29914,
3626,
29886,
29892,
9850,
491,
1559,
313,
392,
378,
29887,
602,
29897,
674,
22964,
728,
29889,
13,
9588,
328,
23990,
338,
13674,
788,
3321,
411,
17568,
1891,
22035,
12425,
21544,
29892,
607,
6892,
947,
451,
2050,
278,
3438,
310,
2982,
313,
29878,
1624,
29892,
2982,
338,
4049,
27063,
5545,
421,
9021,
29915,
470,
263,
269,
2960,
3438,
467,
13,
3644,
9850,
491,
1559,
22964,
17006,
18430,
29892,
6520,
2913,
508,
367,
3711,
8734,
1250,
322,
337,
16519,
287,
363,
916,
970,
11976,
29889,
13,
29940,
279,
307,
556,
10906,
267,
2411,
852,
3109,
6520,
23990,
29889,
1205,
451,
12695,
18618,
2486,
577,
29892,
408,
278,
1549,
649,
373,
17655,
307,
556,
10906,
267,
313,
2541,
5199,
18563,
29897,
1122,
367,
5224,
408,
18563,
526,
3109,
28430,
304,
367,
7389,
20114,
304,
20810,
1880,
29899,
19322,
24413,
29889,
13,
29903,
13609,
8401,
24413,
2125,
701,
3109,
2913,
29892,
541,
2125,
393,
2913,
363,
5520,
29889,
13,
8809,
488,
8939,
342,
374,
550,
322,
289,
4245,
695,
2879,
671,
2913,
408,
1532,
29892,
896,
671,
1568,
3109,
2913,
29889,
313,
13393,
10679,
310,
19389,
1846,
19160,
14625,
2039,
313,
6661,
24772,
29897,
526,
4049,
5545,
760,
310,
278,
20114,
2024,
2875,
29892,
322,
526,
4550,
2307,
12530,
363,
411,
2875,
8818,
29889,
13,
22677,
1304,
363,
25320,
2012,
310,
5849,
338,
451,
373,
278,
8277,
363,
2875,
8818,
267,
29889,
13,
1576,
337,
9947,
10425,
508,
367,
1304,
363,
1784,
8608,
11976,
470,
2654,
391,
7541,
1250,
304,
8818,
10472,
414,
1549,
777,
916,
2794,
29889,
13,
4806,
2149,
278,
5684,
6520,
23990,
26830,
278,
11828,
2982,
23990,
393,
2982,
776,
414,
508,
8323,
29889,
960,
2305,
505,
304,
5146,
901,
363,
9850,
29892,
896,
674,
5146,
3109,
363,
1855,
19989,
29889,
13,
29934,
3631,
10161,
505,
1568,
5224,
29892,
6060,
3480,
3473,
1821,
29892,
6520,
23990,
29889,
14832,
278,
1353,
310,
4160,
4441,
567,
16951,
313,
578,
727,
526,
28145,
9850,
414,
1058,
1818,
5146,
278,
6866,
1145,
310,
6520,
23990,
511,
278,
3438,
310,
2982,
4441,
567,
1584,
901,
16951,
29889,
13,
29956,
406,
727,
694,
313,
1725,
556,
29897,
25320,
29892,
2982,
723,
884,
505,
1407,
2217,
313,
2222,
29897,
995,
29892,
1951,
372,
723,
367,
5189,
304,
2130,
322,
321,
3663,
29889,
13,
3644,
25320,
892,
8072,
4240,
373,
29892,
8386,
723,
367,
16403,
322,
278,
5923,
13814,
723,
22964,
728,
297,
995,
29889,
1205,
5642,
310,
393,
338,
304,
1827,
591,
505,
278,
1959,
5253,
310,
25320,
1286,
29889,
17732,
368,
17164,
25320,
526,
1090,
25389,
287,
297,
263,
1855,
19989,
4060,
29889,
13,
6747,
287,
297,
319,
25137,
12884,
29891,
310,
11028,
29892,
610,
9292,
29892,
6520,
544,
18499,
29892,
2714,
7639,
29892,
323,
3028,
25320,
13,
29966,
4683,
9870,
8980,
29882,
4027,
24162,
350,
3567,
29973,
13,
11008,
338,
5236,
15710,
4803,
5057,
261,
297,
8314,
1135,
6813,
322,
1724,
304,
1938,
13611,
739,
29889,
1405,
13,
13953,
368,
15710,
391,
10130,
15670,
13,
29992,
509,
1983,
558,
29873,
303,
13,
1576,
29871,
29941,
29900,
29899,
8140,
1082,
4412,
29901,
12037,
292,
363,
11028,
491,
4699,
951,
3845,
1100,
13,
1576,
29871,
29941,
29900,
29899,
8140,
1082,
4412,
29901,
12037,
292,
363,
11028,
491,
4699,
341,
29889,
951,
3845,
1100,
13,
18868,
310,
11028,
29901,
15710,
1858,
9450,
363,
10863,
414,
29892,
15710,
22557,
363,
1858,
812,
414,
29889,
2648,
4699,
341,
29889,
951,
3845,
1100,
29892,
23976,
23072,
29892,
28444,
22523,
15608,
29889,
13,
5592,
609,
23584,
11028,
13,
5592,
609,
23584,
11028,
29901,
9897,
2506,
1080,
373,
12037,
292,
315,
1907,
322,
15710,
2648,
4699,
341,
29889,
951,
3845,
1100,
13,
1576,
2796,
310,
3201,
2416,
322,
278,
16367,
310,
11028,
29901,
319,
9321,
1958,
304,
278
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| 0.247327 | 0.517162 | 0.571259 | 1.05339 |
New Transport Landscape. By David M. Levinson and Kevin J. Krizek.
Metropolitan Transport and Land Use
Metropolitan Transport and Land Use by David Levinson and Kevin Krizek
The Transportation Experience
The Transportation Experience: Second Edition. By William L. Garrison and David M. Levinson
Archives Select Month January 2021 (2) December 2020 (5) November 2020 (6) October 2020 (3) September 2020 (2) August 2020 (5) July 2020 (10) June 2020 (5) May 2020 (11) April 2020 (9) March 2020 (7) February 2020 (5) January 2020 (12) December 2019 (8) November 2019 (16) October 2019 (10) September 2019 (8) August 2019 (7) July 2019 (6) June 2019 (11) May 2019 (9) April 2019 (11) March 2019 (16) February 2019 (5) January 2019 (5) December 2018 (10) November 2018 (12) October 2018 (14) September 2018 (15) August 2018 (5) July 2018 (12) June 2018 (7) May 2018 (9) April 2018 (5) March 2018 (13) February 2018 (10) January 2018 (9) December 2017 (14) November 2017 (16) October 2017 (11) September 2017 (15) August 2017 (11) July 2017 (9) June 2017 (18) May 2017 (19) April 2017 (16) March 2017 (11) February 2017 (12) January 2017 (16) December 2016 (25) November 2016 (25) October 2016 (15) September 2016 (20) August 2016 (26) July 2016 (18) June 2016 (21) May 2016 (21) April 2016 (12) March 2016 (10) February 2016 (16) January 2016 (16) December 2015 (14) November 2015 (22) October 2015 (23) September 2015 (27) August 2015 (25) July 2015 (19) June 2015 (23) May 2015 (15) April 2015 (17) March 2015 (15) February 2015 (21) January 2015 (26) December 2014 (21) November 2014 (28) October 2014 (22) September 2014 (30) August 2014 (33) July 2014 (33) June 2014 (31) May 2014 (35) April 2014 (40) March 2014 (19) February 2014 (23) January 2014 (22) December 2013 (27) November 2013 (29) October 2013 (34) September 2013 (28) August 2013 (35) July 2013 (25) June 2013 (23) May 2013 (29) April 2013 (19) March 2013 (25) February 2013 (27) January 2013
|
[
1570,
15710,
3172,
29879,
5738,
29889,
2648,
4699,
341,
29889,
951,
3845,
1100,
322,
19323,
435,
29889,
476,
374,
11907,
29889,
13,
10095,
10759,
8929,
15710,
322,
3172,
4803,
13,
10095,
10759,
8929,
15710,
322,
3172,
4803,
491,
4699,
951,
3845,
1100,
322,
19323,
476,
374,
11907,
13,
1576,
15710,
362,
28224,
5597,
13,
1576,
15710,
362,
28224,
5597,
29901,
6440,
17138,
29889,
2648,
4667,
365,
29889,
402,
29458,
322,
4699,
341,
29889,
951,
3845,
1100,
13,
13197,
3145,
7605,
23471,
5490,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29896,
313,
29906,
29897,
5846,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29900,
313,
29945,
29897,
3979,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29900,
313,
29953,
29897,
5533,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29900,
313,
29941,
29897,
3839,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29900,
313,
29906,
29897,
3111,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29900,
313,
29945,
29897,
5468,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29900,
313,
29896,
29900,
29897,
5306,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29900,
313,
29945,
29897,
2610,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29900,
313,
29896,
29896,
29897,
3786,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29900,
313,
29929,
29897,
4779,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29900,
313,
29955,
29897,
6339,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29900,
313,
29945,
29897,
5490,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29900,
313,
29896,
29906,
29897,
5846,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29929,
313,
29947,
29897,
3979,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29929,
313,
29896,
29953,
29897,
5533,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29929,
313,
29896,
29900,
29897,
3839,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29929,
313,
29947,
29897,
3111,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29929,
313,
29955,
29897,
5468,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29929,
313,
29953,
29897,
5306,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29929,
313,
29896,
29896,
29897,
2610,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29929,
313,
29929,
29897,
3786,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29929,
313,
29896,
29896,
29897,
4779,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29929,
313,
29896,
29953,
29897,
6339,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29929,
313,
29945,
29897,
5490,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29929,
313,
29945,
29897,
5846,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
313,
29896,
29900,
29897,
3979,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
313,
29896,
29906,
29897,
5533,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
313,
29896,
29946,
29897,
3839,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
313,
29896,
29945,
29897,
3111,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
313,
29945,
29897,
5468,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
313,
29896,
29906,
29897,
5306,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
313,
29955,
29897,
2610,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
313,
29929,
29897,
3786,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
313,
29945,
29897,
4779,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
313,
29896,
29941,
29897,
6339,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
313,
29896,
29900,
29897,
5490,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
313,
29929,
29897,
5846,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29955,
313,
29896,
29946,
29897,
3979,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29955,
313,
29896,
29953,
29897,
5533,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29955,
313,
29896,
29896,
29897,
3839,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29955,
313,
29896,
29945,
29897,
3111,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29955,
313,
29896,
29896,
29897,
5468,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29955,
313,
29929,
29897,
5306,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29955,
313,
29896,
29947,
29897,
2610,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29955,
313,
29896,
29929,
29897,
3786,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29955,
313,
29896,
29953,
29897,
4779,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29955,
313,
29896,
29896,
29897,
6339,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29955,
313,
29896,
29906,
29897,
5490,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29955,
313,
29896,
29953,
29897,
5846,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
313,
29906,
29945,
29897,
3979,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
313,
29906,
29945,
29897,
5533,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
313,
29896,
29945,
29897,
3839,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
313,
29906,
29900,
29897,
3111,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
313,
29906,
29953,
29897,
5468,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
313,
29896,
29947,
29897,
5306,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
313,
29906,
29896,
29897,
2610,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
313,
29906,
29896,
29897,
3786,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
313,
29896,
29906,
29897,
4779,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
313,
29896,
29900,
29897,
6339,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
313,
29896,
29953,
29897,
5490,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
313,
29896,
29953,
29897,
5846,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29945,
313,
29896,
29946,
29897,
3979,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29945,
313,
29906,
29906,
29897,
5533,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29945,
313,
29906,
29941,
29897,
3839,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29945,
313,
29906,
29955,
29897,
3111,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29945,
313,
29906,
29945,
29897,
5468,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29945,
313,
29896,
29929,
29897,
5306,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29945,
313,
29906,
29941,
29897,
2610,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29945,
313,
29896,
29945,
29897,
3786,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29945,
313,
29896,
29955,
29897,
4779,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29945,
313,
29896,
29945,
29897,
6339,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29945,
313,
29906,
29896,
29897,
5490,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29945,
313,
29906,
29953,
29897,
5846,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29946,
313,
29906,
29896,
29897,
3979,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29946,
313,
29906,
29947,
29897,
5533,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29946,
313,
29906,
29906,
29897,
3839,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29946,
313,
29941,
29900,
29897,
3111,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29946,
313,
29941,
29941,
29897,
5468,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29946,
313,
29941,
29941,
29897,
5306,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29946,
313,
29941,
29896,
29897,
2610,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29946,
313,
29941,
29945,
29897,
3786,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29946,
313,
29946,
29900,
29897,
4779,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29946,
313,
29896,
29929,
29897,
6339,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29946,
313,
29906,
29941,
29897,
5490,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29946,
313,
29906,
29906,
29897,
5846,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29941,
313,
29906,
29955,
29897,
3979,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29941,
313,
29906,
29929,
29897,
5533,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29941,
313,
29941,
29946,
29897,
3839,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29941,
313,
29906,
29947,
29897,
3111,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29941,
313,
29941,
29945,
29897,
5468,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29941,
313,
29906,
29945,
29897,
5306,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29941,
313,
29906,
29941,
29897,
2610,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29941,
313,
29906,
29929,
29897,
3786,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29941,
313,
29896,
29929,
29897,
4779,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29941,
313,
29906,
29945,
29897,
6339,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29941,
313,
29906,
29955,
29897,
5490,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29941
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| -1.467818 | -1.94214 | -2.036087 | -1.196826 |
(33) December 2012 (18) November 2012 (38) October 2012 (32) September 2012 (18) August 2012 (19) July 2012 (37) June 2012 (30) May 2012 (35) April 2012 (34) March 2012 (36) February 2012 (40) January 2012 (36) December 2011 (27) November 2011 (26) October 2011 (34) September 2011 (49) August 2011 (63) July 2011 (35) June 2011 (40) May 2011 (62) April 2011 (82) March 2011 (48) February 2011 (22) January 2011 (15) December 2010 (21) November 2010 (25) October 2010 (33) September 2010 (15) August 2010 (25) July 2010 (32) June 2010 (28) May 2010 (35) April 2010 (23) March 2010 (6) February 2010 (9) January 2010 (9) December 2009 (10) November 2009 (10) October 2009 (8) September 2009 (16) August 2009 (37) July 2009 (31) June 2009 (38) May 2009 (17) April 2009 (18) March 2009 (7) February 2009 (21) January 2009 (7) December 2008 (16) November 2008 (22) October 2008 (36) September 2008 (17) August 2008 (40) July 2008 (47) June 2008 (33) May 2008 (13) April 2008 (33) March 2008 (29) February 2008 (18) January 2008 (7) December 2007 (5) November 2007 (13) October 2007 (19) September 2007 (8) August 2007 (11) July 2007 (12) June 2007 (19) May 2007 (13) April 2007 (19) March 2007 (11) February 2007 (6) January 2007 (14) December 2006 (9) November 2006 (5) September 2006 (12) August 2006 (3) July 2006 (10) June 2006 (18) May 2006 (29) April 2006 (6) January 2006 (1) December 2005 (1) November 2005 (1) October 2005 (2) February 2005 (1) November 2004 (3) April 2004 (1) February 2004 (2) December 1994 (1)
Anti-Planner (Randal O'Toole)
Asymcar (Horace Dediu and Jim Zellmer)
Brad Ideas (Brad Templeton)
Crossroads – Minnesota Transportation Research
CTS Conversations
Environmental and Urban Economics (Matt Kahn)
Getting from Here to There (David King)
Going Underground (Annie Mole)
How We Drive (Tom Vanderbilt)
Human Transit (Jarrett Walker)
Market Urbanism (Emily Washington)
Mike on Traffic (Mike Spack)
OpenGeoData
Pedestrian Observations (Alon Levy
|
[
313,
29941,
29941,
29897,
5846,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29906,
313,
29896,
29947,
29897,
3979,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29906,
313,
29941,
29947,
29897,
5533,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29906,
313,
29941,
29906,
29897,
3839,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29906,
313,
29896,
29947,
29897,
3111,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29906,
313,
29896,
29929,
29897,
5468,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29906,
313,
29941,
29955,
29897,
5306,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29906,
313,
29941,
29900,
29897,
2610,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29906,
313,
29941,
29945,
29897,
3786,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29906,
313,
29941,
29946,
29897,
4779,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29906,
313,
29941,
29953,
29897,
6339,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29906,
313,
29946,
29900,
29897,
5490,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29906,
313,
29941,
29953,
29897,
5846,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29896,
313,
29906,
29955,
29897,
3979,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29896,
313,
29906,
29953,
29897,
5533,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29896,
313,
29941,
29946,
29897,
3839,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29896,
313,
29946,
29929,
29897,
3111,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29896,
313,
29953,
29941,
29897,
5468,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29896,
313,
29941,
29945,
29897,
5306,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29896,
313,
29946,
29900,
29897,
2610,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29896,
313,
29953,
29906,
29897,
3786,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29896,
313,
29947,
29906,
29897,
4779,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29896,
313,
29946,
29947,
29897,
6339,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29896,
313,
29906,
29906,
29897,
5490,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29896,
313,
29896,
29945,
29897,
5846,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29900,
313,
29906,
29896,
29897,
3979,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29900,
313,
29906,
29945,
29897,
5533,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29900,
313,
29941,
29941,
29897,
3839,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29900,
313,
29896,
29945,
29897,
3111,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29900,
313,
29906,
29945,
29897,
5468,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29900,
313,
29941,
29906,
29897,
5306,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29900,
313,
29906,
29947,
29897,
2610,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29900,
313,
29941,
29945,
29897,
3786,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29900,
313,
29906,
29941,
29897,
4779,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29900,
313,
29953,
29897,
6339,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29900,
313,
29929,
29897,
5490,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29900,
313,
29929,
29897,
5846,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29929,
313,
29896,
29900,
29897,
3979,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29929,
313,
29896,
29900,
29897,
5533,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29929,
313,
29947,
29897,
3839,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29929,
313,
29896,
29953,
29897,
3111,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29929,
313,
29941,
29955,
29897,
5468,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29929,
313,
29941,
29896,
29897,
5306,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29929,
313,
29941,
29947,
29897,
2610,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29929,
313,
29896,
29955,
29897,
3786,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29929,
313,
29896,
29947,
29897,
4779,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29929,
313,
29955,
29897,
6339,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29929,
313,
29906,
29896,
29897,
5490,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29929,
313,
29955,
29897,
5846,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29947,
313,
29896,
29953,
29897,
3979,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29947,
313,
29906,
29906,
29897,
5533,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29947,
313,
29941,
29953,
29897,
3839,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29947,
313,
29896,
29955,
29897,
3111,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29947,
313,
29946,
29900,
29897,
5468,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29947,
313,
29946,
29955,
29897,
5306,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29947,
313,
29941,
29941,
29897,
2610,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29947,
313,
29896,
29941,
29897,
3786,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29947,
313,
29941,
29941,
29897,
4779,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29947,
313,
29906,
29929,
29897,
6339,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29947,
313,
29896,
29947,
29897,
5490,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29947,
313,
29955,
29897,
5846,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29955,
313,
29945,
29897,
3979,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29955,
313,
29896,
29941,
29897,
5533,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29955,
313,
29896,
29929,
29897,
3839,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29955,
313,
29947,
29897,
3111,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29955,
313,
29896,
29896,
29897,
5468,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29955,
313,
29896,
29906,
29897,
5306,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29955,
313,
29896,
29929,
29897,
2610,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29955,
313,
29896,
29941,
29897,
3786,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29955,
313,
29896,
29929,
29897,
4779,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29955,
313,
29896,
29896,
29897,
6339,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29955,
313,
29953,
29897,
5490,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29955,
313,
29896,
29946,
29897,
5846,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29953,
313,
29929,
29897,
3979,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29953,
313,
29945,
29897,
3839,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29953,
313,
29896,
29906,
29897,
3111,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29953,
313,
29941,
29897,
5468,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29953,
313,
29896,
29900,
29897,
5306,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29953,
313,
29896,
29947,
29897,
2610,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29953,
313,
29906,
29929,
29897,
3786,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29953,
313,
29953,
29897,
5490,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29953,
313,
29896,
29897,
5846,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29945,
313,
29896,
29897,
3979,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29945,
313,
29896,
29897,
5533,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29945,
313,
29906,
29897,
6339,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29945,
313,
29896,
29897,
3979,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29946,
313,
29941,
29897,
3786,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29946,
313,
29896,
29897,
6339,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29946,
313,
29906,
29897,
5846,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29946,
313,
29896,
29897,
13,
13448,
29875,
29899,
3247,
7310,
313,
29934,
24258,
438,
29915,
1762,
1772,
29897,
13,
2887,
962,
4287,
313,
17241,
815,
360,
287,
5871,
322,
8507,
796,
514,
1050,
29897,
13,
29933,
3665,
13001,
294,
313,
29933,
3665,
18057,
880,
29897,
13,
29907,
2124,
307,
7925,
785,
20994,
15710,
362,
10550,
13,
1783,
29903,
1281,
874,
800,
13,
18649,
284,
322,
22589,
12884,
1199,
313,
29924,
1131,
476,
5422,
29897,
13,
2577,
1259,
515,
2266,
304,
1670,
313,
19504,
4088,
29897,
13,
8120,
292,
7634,
2057,
313,
2744,
2786,
341,
1772,
29897,
13,
5328,
1334,
22850,
313,
21599,
478,
3825,
29890,
2782,
29897,
13,
29950,
7889,
4103,
277,
313,
29967,
279,
13158,
19512,
29897,
13,
9802,
300,
22589,
1608,
313,
6026,
2354,
7660,
29897,
13,
29924,
9345,
373,
3201,
2416,
313,
29924,
9345,
1706,
547,
29897,
13,
6585,
7999,
29877,
1469,
13,
29925,
287,
342,
6392,
21651,
800,
313,
2499,
265,
951,
13308
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| -1.996287 | -2.387281 | -1.899802 | -1.959547 |
It started off as a joke. 2018 would be my "Year of Zen"! It was a joke because, if you know me, I am very loud, very active, and very opinionated. Slowing down, meditating, and actually listening to my inner voice had been missing in my life for some time. This is probably why I was feeling like I was losing myself and my life was becoming out of balance. I realized that I missed the quiet things I loved doing. So I officially declared 2018 my "Year of Zen". It is often hard for me to admit when I need to change aspects of my life. This post is a perfect way to become comfortable with admitting when things need to change.
First, I thought I had to be a writer to have the honor of sharing my stories with people but I have come to realize that I'm not a writer, I am a storyteller. Maybe my stories will resonate with people or maybe they won't, but as part of my new journey that fear cannot dictate whether I share them or not.
Next, I became dedicated to personal growth, finding strength in myself, and not feeling the self-inflicted pressure to be perfect. I'm going to slow down and be less high-strung was my declaration. Acknowledging this was the easy part, figure out how I was going to execute it was a whole other seemingly impossible task.
Finding stillness to become reacquainted with myself came in the form of meditation and yoga. Yes, yoga. It was painful at first…very painful…to sit with myself for even 5 minutes was one of the most difficult things I have ever had to do. But the pain turned into peace and I feel a real sense of growth everytime I can be truly present in a yoga class or actually sit for the meditation practice without the thoughts of my to-do list running through my head.
I thought a natural step in the direction of finding peace and strength in my life would be to start to do the things I loved before having kids. Reading is something I love doing. As I began reading one book, then another, the orchestra of these strong, smart voices started to guide me. It started with Gabrielle Bernstein's Judgement Detox, then Brene Brown Braving the Wilderness, then Cait Flanders The Year of Less, then Rachel Macy Stafford Hands Free Life. Right now I'm entrenched in Katrina Kenison The Gift of an Ordinary Life. Each day I would take tid bits from each of these beautiful writings, opening myself up to be transformed by their words. Each one brought stillness and peace to my life, while also encouraging me to stay true to myself. While reading this book, I came across a phrase, three words, that really summarize what this year for me is all about: a year of opportunities for transformation.
Now I want to set the record straight, I still say the F-word way too much, I'm still an animal on the tennis court, I will still give my opinion when asked, and I still talk in an octave above most people, but I've found a place of strength that I can go to that brings a sense of calm to my heart that wasn't there before. My quest for Zen is in its infancy but we all have to start somewhere.
If you take the time to read my stories, don't expect perfection. What you can always expect is a story about a moment that touched my life, my heart, and possibly touched the life of another.
What do you do with an idea? by Kobi Yamada is a book I received as a gift from a friend a few months after I started the charitable organization Party In-kindness. I periodically read this book that sits on my nightstand. It still makes me feel happy every time and so thankful that my friend thought of me when she read the book. It bring me happiness because the book really gives us all the power to turn our ideas and dreams into a reality. It empowers and teaches us that even the simplest of ideas can change the world. My friend knew that my nonprofit and this blog were my simple ways that I wanted to impact others in my community and potentially change the world around me, and gave me this thoughtful gift to help inspire my cause.
When Shani and I came up with the idea for Party In-kindness, that's all it was, an idea. It was our dream to help our community incorporate giving in their everyday lives. Since the beginning, this dream did not mean just giving a lot of money to make an impact, but incorporating giving into people
|
[
739,
4687,
1283,
408,
263,
2958,
446,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
723,
367,
590,
376,
12883,
310,
796,
264,
29908,
29991,
739,
471,
263,
2958,
446,
1363,
29892,
565,
366,
1073,
592,
29892,
306,
626,
1407,
22526,
29892,
1407,
6136,
29892,
322,
1407,
9426,
630,
29889,
317,
677,
292,
1623,
29892,
1612,
277,
1218,
29892,
322,
2869,
19866,
304,
590,
6426,
7314,
750,
1063,
4567,
297,
590,
2834,
363,
777,
931,
29889,
910,
338,
3117,
2020,
306,
471,
11223,
763,
306,
471,
19035,
6142,
322,
590,
2834,
471,
14171,
714,
310,
17346,
29889,
306,
16387,
393,
306,
13726,
278,
11813,
2712,
306,
18012,
2599,
29889,
1105,
306,
22444,
8052,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
590,
376,
12883,
310,
796,
264,
1642,
739,
338,
4049,
2898,
363,
592,
304,
20000,
746,
306,
817,
304,
1735,
21420,
310,
590,
2834,
29889,
910,
1400,
338,
263,
4922,
982,
304,
4953,
25561,
411,
7336,
5367,
746,
2712,
817,
304,
1735,
29889,
13,
6730,
29892,
306,
2714,
306,
750,
304,
367,
263,
9227,
304,
505,
278,
10657,
310,
19383,
590,
15874,
411,
2305,
541,
306,
505,
2041,
304,
16289,
393,
306,
29915,
29885,
451,
263,
9227,
29892,
306,
626,
263,
5828,
29873,
4539,
29889,
7198,
590,
15874,
674,
27396,
403,
411,
2305,
470,
5505,
896,
2113,
29915,
29873,
29892,
541,
408,
760,
310,
590,
716,
16342,
393,
8866,
2609,
9657,
403,
3692,
306,
6232,
963,
470,
451,
29889,
13,
9190,
29892,
306,
3897,
16955,
304,
7333,
14321,
29892,
9138,
9324,
297,
6142,
29892,
322,
451,
11223,
278,
1583,
29899,
7192,
506,
9446,
12959,
304,
367,
4922,
29889,
306,
29915,
29885,
2675,
304,
5232,
1623,
322,
367,
3109,
1880,
29899,
710,
686,
471,
590,
12029,
29889,
319,
15415,
839,
3460,
445,
471,
278,
4780,
760,
29892,
4377,
714,
920,
306,
471,
2675,
304,
6222,
372,
471,
263,
3353,
916,
2833,
11687,
9301,
3414,
29889,
13,
29943,
4015,
1603,
2264,
304,
4953,
337,
562,
339,
2365,
287,
411,
6142,
2996,
297,
278,
883,
310,
1612,
7018,
322,
343,
14895,
29889,
3869,
29892,
343,
14895,
29889,
739,
471,
6788,
1319,
472,
937,
30098,
1201,
6788,
1319,
30098,
517,
7845,
411,
6142,
363,
1584,
29871,
29945,
6233,
471,
697,
310,
278,
1556,
5189,
2712,
306,
505,
3926,
750,
304,
437,
29889,
1205,
278,
6788,
6077,
964,
10776,
322,
306,
4459,
263,
1855,
4060,
310,
14321,
1432,
2230,
306,
508,
367,
19781,
2198,
297,
263,
343,
14895,
770,
470,
2869,
7845,
363,
278,
1612,
7018,
6944,
1728,
278,
13133,
310,
590,
304,
29899,
1867,
1051,
2734,
1549,
590,
2343,
29889,
13,
29902,
2714,
263,
5613,
4331,
297,
278,
5305,
310,
9138,
10776,
322,
9324,
297,
590,
2834,
723,
367,
304,
1369,
304,
437,
278,
2712,
306,
18012,
1434,
2534,
413,
4841,
29889,
21439,
338,
1554,
306,
5360,
2599,
29889,
1094,
306,
4689,
5183,
697,
3143,
29892,
769,
1790,
29892,
278,
470,
15554,
310,
1438,
4549,
29892,
15040,
28848,
4687,
304,
10754,
592,
29889,
739,
4687,
411,
9899,
374,
1808,
6209,
5465,
29915,
29879,
8660,
29887,
882,
5953,
2251,
29892,
769,
350,
28593,
9817,
5032,
1747,
278,
399,
2700,
2264,
29892,
769,
315,
1249,
29666,
414,
450,
8905,
310,
27898,
29892,
769,
23647,
295,
341,
4135,
15351,
536,
379,
4167,
12362,
4634,
29889,
10428,
1286,
306,
29915,
29885,
875,
4615,
287,
297,
476,
8141,
1099,
10015,
2285,
450,
402,
2027,
310,
385,
16557,
3821,
4634,
29889,
7806,
2462,
306,
723,
2125,
10668,
9978,
515,
1269,
310,
1438,
9560,
2044,
886,
29892,
8718,
6142,
701,
304,
367,
27615,
491,
1009,
3838,
29889,
7806,
697,
6296,
1603,
2264,
322,
10776,
304,
590,
2834,
29892,
1550,
884,
18443,
292,
592,
304,
7952,
1565,
304,
6142,
29889,
5806,
5183,
445,
3143,
29892,
306,
2996,
4822,
263,
16549,
29892,
2211,
3838,
29892,
393,
2289,
19138,
675,
825,
445,
1629,
363,
592,
338,
599,
1048,
29901,
263,
1629,
310,
28602,
1907,
363,
13852,
29889,
13,
10454,
306,
864,
304,
731,
278,
2407,
7812,
29892,
306,
1603,
1827,
278,
383,
29899,
1742,
982,
2086,
1568,
29892,
306,
29915,
29885,
1603,
385,
13019,
373,
278,
22556,
8973,
29892,
306,
674,
1603,
2367,
590,
9426,
746,
4433,
29892,
322,
306,
1603,
5193,
297,
385,
4725,
1351,
2038,
1556,
2305,
29892,
541,
306,
29915,
345,
1476,
263,
2058,
310,
9324,
393,
306,
508,
748,
304,
393,
23522,
263,
4060,
310,
21732,
304,
590,
5192,
393,
9007,
29915,
29873,
727,
1434,
29889,
1619,
21126,
363,
796,
264,
338,
297,
967,
3041,
6906,
541,
591,
599,
505,
304,
1369,
9051,
29889,
13,
3644,
366,
2125,
278,
931,
304,
1303,
590,
15874,
29892,
1016,
29915,
29873,
2149,
639,
20309,
29889,
1724,
366,
508,
2337,
2149,
338,
263,
5828,
1048,
263,
3256,
393,
23051,
590,
2834,
29892,
590,
5192,
29892,
322,
10075,
23051,
278,
2834,
310,
1790,
29889,
13,
5618,
437,
366,
437,
411,
385,
2969,
29973,
491,
476,
15647,
22740,
1114,
338,
263,
3143,
306,
4520,
408,
263,
19797,
515,
263,
5121,
263,
2846,
7378,
1156,
306,
4687,
278,
1373,
8270,
13013,
9173,
512,
29899,
14380,
2264,
29889,
306,
3785,
1711,
1303,
445,
3143,
393,
269,
1169,
373,
590,
4646,
1689,
29889,
739,
1603,
3732,
592,
4459,
9796,
1432,
931,
322,
577,
6452,
1319,
393,
590,
5121,
2714,
310,
592,
746,
1183,
1303,
278,
3143,
29889,
739,
6963,
592,
22722,
1363,
278,
3143,
2289,
4076,
502,
599,
278,
3081,
304,
2507,
1749,
7014,
322,
12561,
29879,
964,
263,
16832,
29889,
739,
3710,
340,
414,
322,
6860,
267,
502,
393,
1584,
278,
20393,
310,
7014,
508,
1735,
278,
3186,
29889,
1619,
5121,
6363,
393,
590,
1661,
771,
9202,
322,
445,
12618,
892,
590,
2560,
5837,
393,
306,
5131,
304,
10879,
4045,
297,
590,
7881,
322,
19998,
1735,
278,
3186,
2820,
592,
29892,
322,
4846,
592,
445,
2714,
1319,
19797,
304,
1371,
8681,
533,
590,
4556,
29889,
13,
10401,
1383,
3270,
322,
306,
2996,
701,
411,
278,
2969,
363,
9173,
512,
29899,
14380,
2264,
29892,
393,
29915,
29879,
599,
372,
471,
29892,
385,
2969,
29889,
739,
471,
1749,
12561,
304,
1371,
1749,
7881,
11039,
403,
6820,
297,
1009,
1432,
3250,
12080,
29889,
4001,
278,
6763,
29892,
445,
12561,
1258,
451,
2099,
925,
6820,
263,
3287,
310,
6909,
304,
1207,
385,
10879,
29892,
541,
11039,
1218,
6820,
964,
2305
] | 1,024 |
C4
| 1.535893 | -0.982429 | -1.211205 | 0.605623 |
's daily routines.
My friend's gift of Yamada's book meant so much to me because it truly had meaning and thought behind it. The power of that $14.99 is my true message. The gift didn't cost much, and it didn't take her a long time to buy, but her small, thoughtful actions continue to make an impression on my life. And isn't this the point? If we work together we can create memorable, impactful, inspiring moments for those in our local shelters, those who need food assistance, families going through tough times, and unfortunately the list goes on.
Each individual has the power to create one moment that touches another person and then together we can help so many. And you can incorporate it into the activities you already do on a daily basis. Do you own a business? Live in a neighborhood? Have a weekly moms group? Have a yearly holiday party? Or do your children participate in an afterschool activity? Chances are, you answered yes to at least one of these questions. And if you ask just 10 people to take the $15-35 they would spend on a hostess gift, birthday gift or food item and ask them to instead buy a warm pair of PJs, a backpack, or a book for a child, you (and your guests) just made a significant impact.
I would challenge you in 2016 to get a group of family or friends together in whatever way makes you happy and ask them to bring a small item for a cause that you feel connected to. See what happens. If you need help finding a charity that matches your love, Party In-kindness can help connect you, get you started and encourage you through the process. Whose life will you impact this year and how?
Thanksgiving has long been my favorite holiday. Good food, family togetherness, some good wine, and no gifts. Did I mention how much I like the NO GIFTS?! There are no expectations from the kids for anything but seeing cousins, grandparents, aunts, uncles, and other extended family, and seeing a Turkey on the Table™. When I say a "Turkey on the Table", I used to mean something you eat with your mashed potatoes and stuffing, but for my family it has come to mean something entirely different.
It didn't happen on purpose, instead it happened during my "exercise" with a girlfriend which equated to quick walks down the trail by my children's school between my 3 pick up and 3 drop off times, squeezed in between laundry and errands. It happened during talks on these walks about wanting my children to be more appreciative for the things they have and not on the things they wanted or "needed", and to value Thanksgiving the way I do.
After much research we saw how much gratitude plays into a child's happiness; when you focus on the things you have instead of the things you don't, your whole view of the world shifts. In various research the practice of gratitude shows to improve health, grades in school, building relationships, and the way they face adversity.
Why wouldn't we want to instill this in our children?! As parents, we spend so much time correcting bad habits: biting nails, picking their nose, chewing with mouth open, leaving the toilet seat up (can you tell that I have boys?). It feels so much better as a parent to help instill GOOD habits. I believe that being grateful (the inner feeling of good things received) AND thankful (outwardly showing appreciation for things) is one of the very best things we can teach our children. It costs so very little to instill gratitude, and it gives them SO much.
Think of all the time and money we spend on piano lessons, karate, tutors, and sports, if we could take part of that time to dedicate to children being thankful, they would see benefits with better grades, better health, less toxic emotions, and a happy heart. Isn't that what we want most for our children?
I wasn't looking to start a business (I can barely take a shower and put on make up most days), but I was looking to start teaching the habit of gratitude with my children. My walking partner, became my business partner, and after much research, we decided that we wanted to help all parents start the habit of gratitude. Turkey on the Table™ was born out of love, the desire to spread thankfulness, the hope to give back, and wanting to share that
|
[
29915,
29879,
14218,
6745,
1475,
29889,
13,
3421,
5121,
29915,
29879,
19797,
310,
22740,
1114,
29915,
29879,
3143,
6839,
577,
1568,
304,
592,
1363,
372,
19781,
750,
6593,
322,
2714,
5742,
372,
29889,
450,
3081,
310,
393,
395,
29896,
29946,
29889,
29929,
29929,
338,
590,
1565,
2643,
29889,
450,
19797,
3282,
29915,
29873,
3438,
1568,
29892,
322,
372,
3282,
29915,
29873,
2125,
902,
263,
1472,
931,
304,
15649,
29892,
541,
902,
2319,
29892,
2714,
1319,
8820,
6773,
304,
1207,
385,
17188,
373,
590,
2834,
29889,
1126,
3508,
29915,
29873,
445,
278,
1298,
29973,
960,
591,
664,
4208,
591,
508,
1653,
26959,
519,
29892,
10879,
1319,
29892,
8681,
8491,
19462,
363,
1906,
297,
1749,
1887,
528,
295,
2153,
29892,
1906,
1058,
817,
9687,
18872,
29892,
13175,
2675,
1549,
260,
820,
3064,
29892,
322,
15428,
278,
1051,
5771,
373,
29889,
13,
9760,
5375,
756,
278,
3081,
304,
1653,
697,
3256,
393,
6023,
267,
1790,
2022,
322,
769,
4208,
591,
508,
1371,
577,
1784,
29889,
1126,
366,
508,
11039,
403,
372,
964,
278,
14188,
366,
2307,
437,
373,
263,
14218,
8405,
29889,
1938,
366,
1914,
263,
5381,
29973,
10782,
297,
263,
18403,
29973,
6975,
263,
4723,
368,
286,
4835,
2318,
29973,
6975,
263,
1629,
368,
8753,
22394,
6263,
29973,
1394,
437,
596,
4344,
5221,
403,
297,
385,
1156,
27041,
6354,
29973,
678,
2925,
526,
29892,
366,
7699,
4874,
304,
472,
3203,
697,
310,
1438,
5155,
29889,
1126,
565,
366,
2244,
925,
29871,
29896,
29900,
2305,
304,
2125,
278,
395,
29896,
29945,
29899,
29941,
29945,
896,
723,
18864,
373,
263,
3495,
404,
19797,
29892,
12060,
3250,
19797,
470,
9687,
2944,
322,
2244,
963,
304,
2012,
15649,
263,
14294,
5101,
310,
349,
25498,
29892,
263,
1250,
4058,
29892,
470,
263,
3143,
363,
263,
2278,
29892,
366,
313,
392,
596,
28865,
29897,
925,
1754,
263,
7282,
10879,
29889,
13,
29902,
723,
18766,
366,
297,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
304,
679,
263,
2318,
310,
3942,
470,
7875,
4208,
297,
6514,
982,
3732,
366,
9796,
322,
2244,
963,
304,
6963,
263,
2319,
2944,
363,
263,
4556,
393,
366,
4459,
6631,
304,
29889,
2823,
825,
5930,
29889,
960,
366,
817,
1371,
9138,
263,
1373,
537,
393,
7087,
596,
5360,
29892,
9173,
512,
29899,
14380,
2264,
508,
1371,
4511,
366,
29892,
679,
366,
4687,
322,
13731,
6617,
366,
1549,
278,
1889,
29889,
806,
852,
2834,
674,
366,
10879,
445,
1629,
322,
920,
29973,
13,
16894,
29887,
4357,
756,
1472,
1063,
590,
25448,
8753,
22394,
29889,
7197,
9687,
29892,
3942,
3996,
621,
824,
404,
29892,
777,
1781,
19006,
29892,
322,
694,
330,
17741,
29889,
7440,
306,
3585,
920,
1568,
306,
763,
278,
11698,
402,
6545,
9375,
29973,
29991,
1670,
526,
694,
2149,
800,
515,
278,
413,
4841,
363,
3099,
541,
8790,
274,
681,
1144,
29892,
4595,
862,
1237,
29892,
263,
348,
1372,
29892,
443,
7799,
29892,
322,
916,
10410,
3942,
29892,
322,
8790,
263,
26459,
373,
278,
6137,
30536,
29889,
1932,
306,
1827,
263,
376,
29911,
332,
1989,
373,
278,
6137,
613,
306,
1304,
304,
2099,
1554,
366,
17545,
411,
596,
286,
25936,
3104,
20452,
322,
6433,
292,
29892,
541,
363,
590,
3942,
372,
756,
2041,
304,
2099,
1554,
9186,
1422,
29889,
13,
3112,
3282,
29915,
29873,
3799,
373,
6437,
29892,
2012,
372,
9559,
2645,
590,
376,
735,
6269,
895,
29908,
411,
263,
7826,
18326,
607,
1592,
630,
304,
4996,
17042,
2039,
1623,
278,
26203,
491,
590,
4344,
29915,
29879,
3762,
1546,
590,
29871,
29941,
5839,
701,
322,
29871,
29941,
5768,
1283,
3064,
29892,
269,
802,
6096,
287,
297,
1546,
425,
870,
719,
322,
4589,
4167,
29889,
739,
9559,
2645,
5969,
2039,
373,
1438,
17042,
2039,
1048,
24507,
590,
4344,
304,
367,
901,
5108,
1230,
363,
278,
2712,
896,
505,
322,
451,
373,
278,
2712,
896,
5131,
470,
376,
484,
19226,
613,
322,
304,
995,
1834,
29887,
4357,
278,
982,
306,
437,
29889,
13,
13555,
1568,
5925,
591,
4446,
920,
1568,
20715,
4279,
13582,
964,
263,
2278,
29915,
29879,
22722,
29936,
746,
366,
8569,
373,
278,
2712,
366,
505,
2012,
310,
278,
2712,
366,
1016,
29915,
29873,
29892,
596,
3353,
1776,
310,
278,
3186,
528,
17741,
29889,
512,
5164,
5925,
278,
6944,
310,
20715,
4279,
3697,
304,
11157,
9045,
29892,
867,
3076,
297,
3762,
29892,
5214,
21702,
29892,
322,
278,
982,
896,
3700,
19901,
537,
29889,
13,
11008,
7656,
29915,
29873,
591,
864,
304,
832,
453,
445,
297,
1749,
4344,
29973,
29991,
1094,
11825,
29892,
591,
18864,
577,
1568,
931,
1959,
292,
4319,
2299,
1169,
29901,
2586,
292,
302,
2234,
29892,
5839,
292,
1009,
26414,
29892,
923,
16958,
411,
13394,
1722,
29892,
10124,
278,
304,
488,
29873,
12949,
701,
313,
3068,
366,
2649,
393,
306,
505,
12544,
29973,
467,
739,
23880,
577,
1568,
2253,
408,
263,
3847,
304,
1371,
832,
453,
21947,
13668,
2299,
1169,
29889,
306,
4658,
393,
1641,
28656,
313,
1552,
6426,
11223,
310,
1781,
2712,
4520,
29897,
5300,
6452,
1319,
313,
449,
1328,
368,
6445,
5108,
362,
363,
2712,
29897,
338,
697,
310,
278,
1407,
1900,
2712,
591,
508,
6860,
1749,
4344,
29889,
739,
21544,
577,
1407,
2217,
304,
832,
453,
20715,
4279,
29892,
322,
372,
4076,
963,
7791,
1568,
29889,
13,
1349,
682,
310,
599,
278,
931,
322,
6909,
591,
18864,
373,
11914,
3109,
787,
29892,
10856,
403,
29892,
7149,
943,
29892,
322,
14717,
29892,
565,
591,
1033,
2125,
760,
310,
393,
931,
304,
8856,
403,
304,
4344,
1641,
6452,
1319,
29892,
896,
723,
1074,
23633,
411,
2253,
867,
3076,
29892,
2253,
9045,
29892,
3109,
304,
27375,
23023,
1080,
29892,
322,
263,
9796,
5192,
29889,
29489,
29915,
29873,
393,
825,
591,
864,
1556,
363,
1749,
4344,
29973,
13,
29902,
9007,
29915,
29873,
3063,
304,
1369,
263,
5381,
313,
29902,
508,
16079,
368,
2125,
263,
1510,
261,
322,
1925,
373,
1207,
701,
1556,
3841,
511,
541,
306,
471,
3063,
304,
1369,
18819,
278,
4760,
310,
20715,
4279,
411,
590,
4344,
29889,
1619,
22049,
18096,
29892,
3897,
590,
5381,
18096,
29892,
322,
1156,
1568,
5925,
29892,
591,
8459,
393,
591,
5131,
304,
1371,
599,
11825,
1369,
278,
4760,
310,
20715,
4279,
29889,
26459,
373,
278,
6137,
30536,
471,
6345,
714,
310,
5360,
29892,
278,
13521,
304,
9677,
6452,
1319,
2264,
29892,
278,
4966,
304,
2367,
1250,
29892,
322,
24507,
304,
6232,
393
] | 1,024 |
C4
| 1.275055 | -1.134269 | -0.753036 | 0.835831 |
with others.
After 26 days of Thankful Feathers (the daily log of their gratitude) the children will complete with our Turkey on the Table™ product, they will dig a little deeper on the things they are grateful for. It is easy to come up with one or two, but by day 24 you will be surprised to see what they start coming up with. After Thanksgiving, I know that my children will not hesitate to start making their Christmas lists with the newest XBOX games, but maybe while doing so they will also be thankful for the warm bed they will sleep in that night.
Kerry lives in the East Bay of San Francisco (but still considers herself a midwesterner at heart). She resides with her husband, her 3 crazy boys, a dog, and a cat. She loves date nights with her husband, drinking wine, and spending her weekends on the many sports fields cheering on her boys.
As spring comes to a close and summer is upon us I find myself thinking about your plentiful vegetable garden. As a child I looked forward to tending that garden with you and picking vegetables so Grandma could make fresh tomato sauce. The image of the counter top covered with home grown tomatoes, zucchini and salad is forever etched in my mind. Walks in the yard and exploring all of the nooks and crannies of nature was a regular Sunday occasion. It made me feel safe, loved and most of all helped me to appreciate the importance of family.
While writing this letter, knowing you are worlds away, I want you to know how thankful I am that you are one of the brave men who protect me and our country. Your bravery and willingness to sacrifice your life exemplifies the type of man you are. You are the foundation of our family and I pray for you.
I am sure you are missing your family but I can't imagine it is more than we miss you. You are on my mind and in my heart as day to day life continues on in your absence.
As I work hard to raise my children, I will forever remind them that their freedom is because of men like you. Teach them that this great country they live in where they have the opportunity to be whomever they want to be in this life rests on the backs of men like you. Thank you for being a symbol of strength, sacrifice and bravery. Thank you!
With emails, text messages, and all the other technological means of communication, I couldn't remember the last time I had written an old fashioned letter. However, writing the letter made me think about the feeling one gets when receiving a heart-felt card in the mail (yes, snail mail). Why don't we do this more often? And if it feels good for us, in the comfort of our own homes, to receive a letter, how must it feel for those serving our country overseas?
After writing that letter I realized what a great exercise this would be for families. As parents we are constantly looking for ways to teach our children to give back. With hectic lives, after school activities, giving to others often takes a back seat. This activity is something you can do at home together and make it fun. You can decorate the cards with your children, and give them a voice by asking what they would like to say to the men and women who fight for our country. There are also many charitable organizations that collect letters and cards to send to our military. As a family you could give back to the brave men and women by sending them your (and your children's) words of encouragement, strength and help to create a connection to their homeland. How long has it been since you have written an old fashion letter?
When we are young, there are people in our lives that guide us towards the person we will become. They are our role models, and we often look to them for direction, encouragement, and the right and good way to live. For many of us, myself included, it is our parents who fill this role. As a child, my parents seemed like super heroes. They could do no wrong in my eyes and, as I grew older, I tried to live my life through their example. They continue to be hardworking, caring individuals and continue to teach my siblings and I what is important in life. Through their actions, I learned how to treat others equally and with respect, to help those in need, and to always try to find the good in others. I have learned what it means to live my life for others because of their example, and I will always be grateful for that lesson.
Growing up, I didn't have the words to properly describe how my parents lead me towards the
|
[
411,
4045,
29889,
13,
13555,
29871,
29906,
29953,
3841,
310,
3374,
1319,
5169,
19467,
313,
1552,
14218,
1480,
310,
1009,
20715,
4279,
29897,
278,
4344,
674,
4866,
411,
1749,
26459,
373,
278,
6137,
30536,
3234,
29892,
896,
674,
4697,
263,
2217,
25871,
373,
278,
2712,
896,
526,
28656,
363,
29889,
739,
338,
4780,
304,
2041,
701,
411,
697,
470,
1023,
29892,
541,
491,
2462,
29871,
29906,
29946,
366,
674,
367,
18014,
304,
1074,
825,
896,
1369,
6421,
701,
411,
29889,
2860,
1834,
29887,
4357,
29892,
306,
1073,
393,
590,
4344,
674,
451,
19066,
10388,
304,
1369,
3907,
1009,
17661,
8857,
411,
278,
716,
342,
1060,
8456,
29990,
8090,
29892,
541,
5505,
1550,
2599,
577,
896,
674,
884,
367,
6452,
1319,
363,
278,
14294,
6592,
896,
674,
8709,
297,
393,
4646,
29889,
13,
29968,
261,
719,
12080,
297,
278,
6932,
6211,
310,
3087,
8970,
313,
4187,
1603,
1136,
11376,
8735,
263,
7145,
5933,
15479,
472,
5192,
467,
2296,
620,
2247,
411,
902,
10216,
29892,
902,
29871,
29941,
12220,
1537,
12544,
29892,
263,
11203,
29892,
322,
263,
6635,
29889,
2296,
12355,
267,
2635,
4646,
29879,
411,
902,
10216,
29892,
13748,
292,
19006,
29892,
322,
805,
2548,
902,
4723,
1975,
373,
278,
1784,
14717,
4235,
923,
3241,
373,
902,
12544,
29889,
13,
2887,
6709,
5304,
304,
263,
3802,
322,
11801,
338,
2501,
502,
306,
1284,
6142,
7291,
1048,
596,
715,
296,
6845,
18655,
519,
16423,
29889,
1094,
263,
2278,
306,
5148,
6375,
304,
260,
2548,
393,
16423,
411,
366,
322,
5839,
292,
18655,
1849,
577,
6265,
655,
1033,
1207,
10849,
6454,
1219,
12507,
346,
29889,
450,
1967,
310,
278,
6795,
2246,
10664,
411,
3271,
21633,
6454,
20452,
29892,
503,
1682,
305,
2172,
322,
4497,
328,
338,
22296,
634,
26902,
297,
590,
3458,
29889,
5260,
2039,
297,
278,
29413,
322,
3902,
8253,
599,
310,
278,
694,
12117,
322,
274,
661,
29876,
583,
310,
5469,
471,
263,
4943,
16340,
10039,
29889,
739,
1754,
592,
4459,
9109,
29892,
18012,
322,
1556,
310,
599,
9213,
592,
304,
11188,
278,
13500,
310,
3942,
29889,
13,
8809,
488,
5007,
445,
5497,
29892,
13797,
366,
526,
3186,
29879,
3448,
29892,
306,
864,
366,
304,
1073,
920,
6452,
1319,
306,
626,
393,
366,
526,
697,
310,
278,
26565,
1757,
1058,
12566,
592,
322,
1749,
4234,
29889,
3575,
4105,
1201,
322,
17762,
2264,
304,
28839,
596,
2834,
29455,
11057,
278,
1134,
310,
767,
366,
526,
29889,
887,
526,
278,
22778,
310,
1749,
3942,
322,
306,
12475,
363,
366,
29889,
13,
29902,
626,
1854,
366,
526,
4567,
596,
3942,
541,
306,
508,
29915,
29873,
14034,
372,
338,
901,
1135,
591,
3052,
366,
29889,
887,
526,
373,
590,
3458,
322,
297,
590,
5192,
408,
2462,
304,
2462,
2834,
18172,
373,
297,
596,
18070,
29889,
13,
2887,
306,
664,
2898,
304,
12020,
590,
4344,
29892,
306,
674,
22296,
1083,
513,
963,
393,
1009,
16082,
338,
1363,
310,
1757,
763,
366,
29889,
1920,
496,
963,
393,
445,
2107,
4234,
896,
5735,
297,
988,
896,
505,
278,
15130,
304,
367,
377,
608,
369,
896,
864,
304,
367,
297,
445,
2834,
1791,
29879,
373,
278,
1250,
29879,
310,
1757,
763,
366,
29889,
3374,
366,
363,
1641,
263,
5829,
310,
9324,
29892,
28839,
322,
4105,
1201,
29889,
3374,
366,
29991,
13,
3047,
24609,
29892,
1426,
7191,
29892,
322,
599,
278,
916,
5722,
5996,
2794,
310,
12084,
29892,
306,
8496,
29915,
29873,
6456,
278,
1833,
931,
306,
750,
3971,
385,
2030,
13460,
287,
5497,
29889,
2398,
29892,
5007,
278,
5497,
1754,
592,
1348,
1048,
278,
11223,
697,
4947,
746,
13442,
263,
5192,
29899,
29888,
2152,
5881,
297,
278,
10524,
313,
3582,
29892,
5807,
737,
10524,
467,
3750,
1016,
29915,
29873,
591,
437,
445,
901,
4049,
29973,
1126,
565,
372,
23880,
1781,
363,
502,
29892,
297,
278,
13016,
310,
1749,
1914,
17774,
29892,
304,
7150,
263,
5497,
29892,
920,
1818,
372,
4459,
363,
1906,
16330,
1749,
4234,
975,
344,
294,
29973,
13,
13555,
5007,
393,
5497,
306,
16387,
825,
263,
2107,
15058,
445,
723,
367,
363,
13175,
29889,
1094,
11825,
591,
526,
21003,
3063,
363,
5837,
304,
6860,
1749,
4344,
304,
2367,
1250,
29889,
2973,
28834,
293,
12080,
29892,
1156,
3762,
14188,
29892,
6820,
304,
4045,
4049,
4893,
263,
1250,
12949,
29889,
910,
6354,
338,
1554,
366,
508,
437,
472,
3271,
4208,
322,
1207,
372,
2090,
29889,
887,
508,
10200,
403,
278,
15889,
411,
596,
4344,
29892,
322,
2367,
963,
263,
7314,
491,
6721,
825,
896,
723,
763,
304,
1827,
304,
278,
1757,
322,
5866,
1058,
8589,
363,
1749,
4234,
29889,
1670,
526,
884,
1784,
1373,
8270,
25700,
393,
6314,
8721,
322,
15889,
304,
3638,
304,
1749,
9121,
29889,
1094,
263,
3942,
366,
1033,
2367,
1250,
304,
278,
26565,
1757,
322,
5866,
491,
9348,
963,
596,
313,
392,
596,
4344,
29915,
29879,
29897,
3838,
310,
18443,
882,
29892,
9324,
322,
1371,
304,
1653,
263,
3957,
304,
1009,
3632,
14045,
29889,
1128,
1472,
756,
372,
1063,
1951,
366,
505,
3971,
385,
2030,
13460,
5497,
29973,
13,
10401,
591,
526,
4123,
29892,
727,
526,
2305,
297,
1749,
12080,
393,
10754,
502,
7113,
278,
2022,
591,
674,
4953,
29889,
2688,
526,
1749,
6297,
4733,
29892,
322,
591,
4049,
1106,
304,
963,
363,
5305,
29892,
18443,
882,
29892,
322,
278,
1492,
322,
1781,
982,
304,
5735,
29889,
1152,
1784,
310,
502,
29892,
6142,
5134,
29892,
372,
338,
1749,
11825,
1058,
5445,
445,
6297,
29889,
1094,
263,
2278,
29892,
590,
11825,
6140,
763,
2428,
13444,
267,
29889,
2688,
1033,
437,
694,
2743,
297,
590,
5076,
322,
29892,
408,
306,
13631,
9642,
29892,
306,
1898,
304,
5735,
590,
2834,
1549,
1009,
1342,
29889,
2688,
6773,
304,
367,
2898,
22899,
29892,
1559,
292,
15724,
322,
6773,
304,
6860,
590,
27767,
18964,
322,
306,
825,
338,
4100,
297,
2834,
29889,
17044,
1009,
8820,
29892,
306,
10972,
920,
304,
7539,
4045,
18018,
322,
411,
3390,
29892,
304,
1371,
1906,
297,
817,
29892,
322,
304,
2337,
1018,
304,
1284,
278,
1781,
297,
4045,
29889,
306,
505,
10972,
825,
372,
2794,
304,
5735,
590,
2834,
363,
4045,
1363,
310,
1009,
1342,
29892,
322,
306,
674,
2337,
367,
28656,
363,
393,
3109,
265,
29889,
13,
29954,
798,
292,
701,
29892,
306,
3282,
29915,
29873,
505,
278,
3838,
304,
6284,
8453,
920,
590,
11825,
3275,
592,
7113,
278
] | 1,024 |
C4
| 1.188109 | -1.339968 | -0.795177 | 0.767528 |
mindset that I have today. This past year, however, that all changed when I moved to Denver and took a job as a teacher at a private, Jesuit high school. This school is not only focused on providing students a rigorous college preparatory curriculum, it also encourages the full development of each student by guiding them academically, spiritually, and teaching them the real world application of their lessons. They are encouraged to participate in various service projects that help serve the communities of Denver. The motto of this and all Jesuit institutions is "Men and Women for Others", and the students begin to understand the meaning behind this phrase through their four years at the school. They transform into intelligent, self-aware young adults that actually want to participate in community service opportunities offered through our school. They want to give back to their own communities; they want to be the best version of themselves in order to help their neighbor. They wouldn't have been able to do this, however, without the guidance and support of those around them, including their teachers, families, and especially the Jesuit priests that work at the school. They've learned through example to truly embody this motto by making it a part of their lives.
Working at this school has finally given me the language with which to define what my parents did for me when I was young, and it has made me want to lead through example as well for my students. Being a man or woman for others can be taught in many different ways, but it must be a mindset and a lifestyle. This means participating in the big things, like serving at the food bank, signing up for a service project, or planning a charitable event, but it also means to give back every day in different, smaller ways. If we are more mindful and purposeful in our daily actions, as well as those larger opportunities for change, then we will be making a difference every day. Every act can be a charitable one if we live our lives for one another. Being kind to a stranger, giving your child or spouse encouragement about something they are working on, or holding the door open for someone – these may seem like insignificant acts, but in reality these are the acts that keep us grounded. These are the acts that make the larger charitable acts seem not only more accessible but worth it.
Teaching this mindset through example is something we do everyday, even if we don't realize it. I am not a parent, but as a teacher, I have to always remember that my students look to me for guidance and emulate my behaviors and actions. Likewise, I tried to imitate my parents' charitable way of thinking by trying to do the same with my own life, taking their (sometimes unintentional) lessons to heart. And the same can be said for all parents. Think about it – if your kids observe you donating clothes or food, they understand that this is the right thing to do. Similarly, if you have a mindset that charity is a lifestyle, they grow up with that mindset as well. By teaching through example, you can show your children what being a man or woman for others truly means. After all, it's our everyday subtle actions that they seem to pick up on the most, why not make sure they are rooted in positive and thoughtful intention?
Megan currently lives in Denver with her boyfriend and her cat, teaching, practicing yoga, and drinking homemade beer!
Rice balls, my grandfather's infamous bunny ears at Easter time, an orange in my Christmas stocking, day-long Sunday family meals, cutting the Torrone candy, pulling the tag off a Christmas tree for a family in need at our local grocery. Although some of these things may make no sense to you, these are just a few of my favorite childhood traditions.
Traditions create beautiful, unique memories. From childhood we look forward to our traditions and count on them throughout the year. We pass them down to our children and share them with our spouses and friends. When looking back at some of my favorite traditions, I realized that most of them have something to do with giving, whether it be giving the gift of food (I'm Italian, of course there is food involved), love, or unforgettable moments. This is why traditions around giving are extremely important. These are five easy giving traditions you can implement this year.
Number 1. As summer comes to a close, it is time to go "school shopping" for a new backpack and the list of supplies needed for the upcoming year. As you're shopping, have your children pick out a
|
[
3458,
842,
393,
306,
505,
9826,
29889,
910,
4940,
1629,
29892,
3138,
29892,
393,
599,
3939,
746,
306,
6153,
304,
3384,
369,
322,
3614,
263,
4982,
408,
263,
15703,
472,
263,
2024,
29892,
8524,
3121,
1880,
3762,
29889,
910,
3762,
338,
451,
871,
21309,
373,
13138,
8041,
263,
12912,
20657,
12755,
10223,
7606,
16256,
12906,
398,
29892,
372,
884,
18443,
267,
278,
2989,
5849,
310,
1269,
8368,
491,
1410,
4821,
963,
16274,
1711,
29892,
8548,
1474,
29892,
322,
18819,
963,
278,
1855,
3186,
2280,
310,
1009,
3109,
787,
29889,
2688,
526,
18443,
287,
304,
5221,
403,
297,
5164,
2669,
9279,
393,
1371,
9080,
278,
23507,
310,
3384,
369,
29889,
450,
3184,
517,
310,
445,
322,
599,
8524,
3121,
21561,
338,
376,
28154,
322,
10152,
363,
438,
3341,
613,
322,
278,
8041,
3380,
304,
2274,
278,
6593,
5742,
445,
16549,
1549,
1009,
3023,
2440,
472,
278,
3762,
29889,
2688,
4327,
964,
13052,
296,
29892,
1583,
29899,
28327,
4123,
16157,
29879,
393,
2869,
864,
304,
5221,
403,
297,
7881,
2669,
28602,
1907,
12520,
1549,
1749,
3762,
29889,
2688,
864,
304,
2367,
1250,
304,
1009,
1914,
23507,
29936,
896,
864,
304,
367,
278,
1900,
1873,
310,
6053,
297,
1797,
304,
1371,
1009,
12307,
29889,
2688,
7656,
29915,
29873,
505,
1063,
2221,
304,
437,
445,
29892,
3138,
29892,
1728,
278,
27323,
322,
2304,
310,
1906,
2820,
963,
29892,
3704,
1009,
27335,
29892,
13175,
29892,
322,
7148,
278,
8524,
3121,
3691,
9197,
393,
664,
472,
278,
3762,
29889,
2688,
29915,
345,
10972,
1549,
1342,
304,
19781,
953,
2587,
445,
3184,
517,
491,
3907,
372,
263,
760,
310,
1009,
12080,
29889,
13,
5531,
292,
472,
445,
3762,
756,
7146,
2183,
592,
278,
4086,
411,
607,
304,
4529,
825,
590,
11825,
1258,
363,
592,
746,
306,
471,
4123,
29892,
322,
372,
756,
1754,
592,
864,
304,
3275,
1549,
1342,
408,
1532,
363,
590,
8041,
29889,
28265,
263,
767,
470,
6114,
363,
4045,
508,
367,
16187,
297,
1784,
1422,
5837,
29892,
541,
372,
1818,
367,
263,
3458,
842,
322,
263,
301,
7004,
1508,
29889,
910,
2794,
5221,
1218,
297,
278,
4802,
2712,
29892,
763,
16330,
472,
278,
9687,
9124,
29892,
26188,
701,
363,
263,
2669,
2060,
29892,
470,
18987,
263,
1373,
8270,
1741,
29892,
541,
372,
884,
2794,
304,
2367,
1250,
1432,
2462,
297,
1422,
29892,
7968,
5837,
29889,
960,
591,
526,
901,
3458,
1319,
322,
6437,
1319,
297,
1749,
14218,
8820,
29892,
408,
1532,
408,
1906,
7200,
28602,
1907,
363,
1735,
29892,
769,
591,
674,
367,
3907,
263,
4328,
1432,
2462,
29889,
7569,
1044,
508,
367,
263,
1373,
8270,
697,
565,
591,
5735,
1749,
12080,
363,
697,
1790,
29889,
28265,
2924,
304,
263,
26507,
29892,
6820,
596,
2278,
470,
805,
1709,
18443,
882,
1048,
1554,
896,
526,
1985,
373,
29892,
470,
13587,
278,
3050,
1722,
363,
4856,
785,
1438,
1122,
2833,
763,
1663,
647,
928,
424,
14741,
29892,
541,
297,
16832,
1438,
526,
278,
14741,
393,
3013,
502,
5962,
287,
29889,
4525,
526,
278,
14741,
393,
1207,
278,
7200,
1373,
8270,
14741,
2833,
451,
871,
901,
15579,
541,
7088,
372,
29889,
13,
29911,
4204,
292,
445,
3458,
842,
1549,
1342,
338,
1554,
591,
437,
1432,
3250,
29892,
1584,
565,
591,
1016,
29915,
29873,
16289,
372,
29889,
306,
626,
451,
263,
3847,
29892,
541,
408,
263,
15703,
29892,
306,
505,
304,
2337,
6456,
393,
590,
8041,
1106,
304,
592,
363,
27323,
322,
953,
5987,
590,
4010,
18930,
322,
8820,
29889,
8502,
3538,
29892,
306,
1898,
304,
527,
10388,
590,
11825,
29915,
1373,
8270,
982,
310,
7291,
491,
1811,
304,
437,
278,
1021,
411,
590,
1914,
2834,
29892,
5622,
1009,
313,
29879,
14618,
443,
14029,
1848,
29897,
3109,
787,
304,
5192,
29889,
1126,
278,
1021,
508,
367,
1497,
363,
599,
11825,
29889,
25086,
1048,
372,
785,
565,
596,
413,
4841,
14111,
366,
1016,
1218,
22095,
470,
9687,
29892,
896,
2274,
393,
445,
338,
278,
1492,
2655,
304,
437,
29889,
20175,
29892,
565,
366,
505,
263,
3458,
842,
393,
1373,
537,
338,
263,
301,
7004,
1508,
29892,
896,
6548,
701,
411,
393,
3458,
842,
408,
1532,
29889,
2648,
18819,
1549,
1342,
29892,
366,
508,
1510,
596,
4344,
825,
1641,
263,
767,
470,
6114,
363,
4045,
19781,
2794,
29889,
2860,
599,
29892,
372,
29915,
29879,
1749,
1432,
3250,
12059,
280,
8820,
393,
896,
2833,
304,
5839,
701,
373,
278,
1556,
29892,
2020,
451,
1207,
1854,
896,
526,
3876,
287,
297,
6374,
322,
2714,
1319,
16392,
29973,
13,
29924,
387,
273,
5279,
12080,
297,
3384,
369,
411,
902,
8023,
18326,
322,
902,
6635,
29892,
18819,
29892,
4120,
18499,
343,
14895,
29892,
322,
13748,
292,
3632,
331,
1943,
367,
261,
29991,
13,
29934,
625,
26563,
29892,
590,
4595,
22212,
29915,
29879,
3041,
314,
681,
289,
348,
1460,
22827,
472,
382,
1901,
931,
29892,
385,
24841,
297,
590,
17661,
10961,
292,
29892,
2462,
29899,
5426,
16340,
3942,
592,
1338,
29892,
28967,
278,
4794,
29878,
650,
274,
13910,
29892,
28420,
278,
4055,
1283,
263,
17661,
5447,
363,
263,
3942,
297,
817,
472,
1749,
1887,
4071,
29883,
708,
29889,
8512,
777,
310,
1438,
2712,
1122,
1207,
694,
4060,
304,
366,
29892,
1438,
526,
925,
263,
2846,
310,
590,
25448,
2278,
6614,
3534,
2187,
29889,
13,
2308,
328,
2187,
1653,
9560,
29892,
5412,
2626,
3842,
29889,
3645,
2278,
6614,
591,
1106,
6375,
304,
1749,
3534,
2187,
322,
2302,
373,
963,
10106,
278,
1629,
29889,
1334,
1209,
963,
1623,
304,
1749,
4344,
322,
6232,
963,
411,
1749,
805,
23676,
322,
7875,
29889,
1932,
3063,
1250,
472,
777,
310,
590,
25448,
3534,
2187,
29892,
306,
16387,
393,
1556,
310,
963,
505,
1554,
304,
437,
411,
6820,
29892,
3692,
372,
367,
6820,
278,
19797,
310,
9687,
313,
29902,
29915,
29885,
10545,
29892,
310,
3236,
727,
338,
9687,
9701,
511,
5360,
29892,
470,
443,
1454,
657,
2371,
19462,
29889,
910,
338,
2020,
3534,
2187,
2820,
6820,
526,
14154,
4100,
29889,
4525,
526,
5320,
4780,
6820,
3534,
2187,
366,
508,
2334,
445,
1629,
29889,
13,
4557,
29871,
29896,
29889,
1094,
11801,
5304,
304,
263,
3802,
29892,
372,
338,
931,
304,
748,
376,
27041,
17394,
3262,
29908,
363,
263,
716,
1250,
4058,
322,
278,
1051,
310,
28075,
4312,
363,
278,
701,
11506,
1629,
29889,
1094,
366,
29915,
276,
17394,
3262,
29892,
505,
596,
4344,
5839,
714,
263
] | 1,024 |
C4
| 1.6962 | -0.541831 | -0.465 | 1.706066 |
backpack and fill it with the same list of supplies for a child going back to school who can't afford a backpack and school supplies. This simple act gets your children involved in giving. It also teaches them the value of the backpack and supplies you are purchasing for them (because many children aren't aware that having a backpack and supplies for school is a privilege), all while empowering them to help others.
Number 2. Have a summer BBQ and instead of asking your guests to bring a potato salad, juice boxes, beer etc, ask your guests to bring an item for a charity that you support. Together with your children, come up with a creative donations display. It will be fun for them to help you create it and watch it evolve as donations are added. For example, you could create book shelves with crates and fill the shelves with new books you ask your guests to bring for donation.
Number 3. A child's birthday is an exciting time. Each year they pick out a theme, make their guest list and can't wait for the goody bags. We take for granted that every child has the opportunity to have a birthday party but the reality is many can't afford one. When you and your child are picking out the paper cups, plates, napkins, balloons and cake ingredients get an extra set and create a "birthday box" for a child. Make their birthday wish come true.
Number 4. As winter approaches and you and your children are in need of new winter coats, hats, scarves and gloves take a moment to think about the children who can't afford these items. You could donate last year's gently used winter attire, purchase something new, or do both! Our children grow out of their coats. That coat will keep another child warm this winter.
Number 5. Thanksgiving is one of my favorite times of the year! BUT one of my least favorite activities is taking my children to the grocery store to get all of the items I need to make my Thanksgiving dinner. Make two lists this year. Give one to your children and as you go through the grocery store have them shop their list while you shop yours. The items on their list will be donated to the local food bank. Your children will take pride in knowing they shopped for the meal and helped another family celebrate Thanksgiving. You could even go one step further and make the time to drive to the food bank with your children. They can put the grocery bags either in the bins or ask a representative to weigh them. It is fun for the children to see how much their grocery donation weighs and then maybe next year you try to top the weight.
By making giving a tradition in your home you demonstrate through action what it means to help others. Each one of the traditions I mentioned opens the door to a valuable conversation with your children. When we lecture our children, they most often tune us out. However, if we can involve them in charitable actions in simple and fun ways, we are simultaneously teaching them about the world and making them excited to take part in making it a better place. If you think about it, the impact is huge. By participating in these traditions, our children can't help but learn the value of helping others. They then can take these lessons and pass them down to their children. Let's teach our children to be an inspiration to others and to share the privileges they have in their life. The value of this is priceless. What giving traditions will you start this year?
Comfort, Safety, Pride. These are the distinct feelings I get when walking into my home. Due to the hustle and bustle of everyday life, these feelings sometimes go unnoticed, but I always come back to the gratitude for the sanctuary I call home. I have lived in many different homes, in many different types of neighborhoods, but no matter the size and location they have all been a place I could call my own.
When I think about what home truly means, my mind wanders to those people who do not have a home. Just a fifteen minute drive, in both directions, there are many families who are homeless. I get pretty fired up about this topic, especially when it comes to homeless children. So recently I organized a week where we would provide food each night for the families living in a local homeless shelter.
A side note, most homeless shelters rely on the community to help with meals. This particular shelter's budget for food is only about $1,000 a year to feed
|
[
1250,
4058,
322,
5445,
372,
411,
278,
1021,
1051,
310,
28075,
363,
263,
2278,
2675,
1250,
304,
3762,
1058,
508,
29915,
29873,
21750,
263,
1250,
4058,
322,
3762,
28075,
29889,
910,
2560,
1044,
4947,
596,
4344,
9701,
297,
6820,
29889,
739,
884,
6860,
267,
963,
278,
995,
310,
278,
1250,
4058,
322,
28075,
366,
526,
10596,
5832,
363,
963,
313,
18103,
1784,
4344,
9455,
29915,
29873,
9543,
393,
2534,
263,
1250,
4058,
322,
28075,
363,
3762,
338,
263,
14828,
479,
511,
599,
1550,
3710,
1680,
292,
963,
304,
1371,
4045,
29889,
13,
4557,
29871,
29906,
29889,
6975,
263,
11801,
29449,
29984,
322,
2012,
310,
6721,
596,
28865,
304,
6963,
263,
3104,
1219,
4497,
328,
29892,
3623,
625,
16273,
29892,
367,
261,
2992,
29892,
2244,
596,
28865,
304,
6963,
385,
2944,
363,
263,
1373,
537,
393,
366,
2304,
29889,
323,
12966,
411,
596,
4344,
29892,
2041,
701,
411,
263,
907,
1230,
1016,
800,
2479,
29889,
739,
674,
367,
2090,
363,
963,
304,
1371,
366,
1653,
372,
322,
6505,
372,
15220,
345,
408,
1016,
800,
526,
2715,
29889,
1152,
1342,
29892,
366,
1033,
1653,
3143,
528,
295,
1960,
411,
2181,
1078,
322,
5445,
278,
528,
295,
1960,
411,
716,
8277,
366,
2244,
596,
28865,
304,
6963,
363,
1016,
362,
29889,
13,
4557,
29871,
29941,
29889,
319,
2278,
29915,
29879,
12060,
3250,
338,
385,
5566,
11407,
931,
29889,
7806,
1629,
896,
5839,
714,
263,
10929,
29892,
1207,
1009,
17838,
1051,
322,
508,
29915,
29873,
4480,
363,
278,
748,
1486,
289,
810,
29889,
1334,
2125,
363,
16896,
393,
1432,
2278,
756,
278,
15130,
304,
505,
263,
12060,
3250,
6263,
541,
278,
16832,
338,
1784,
508,
29915,
29873,
21750,
697,
29889,
1932,
366,
322,
596,
2278,
526,
5839,
292,
714,
278,
5650,
2723,
567,
29892,
715,
1078,
29892,
9709,
11335,
29892,
6411,
417,
787,
322,
274,
1296,
2348,
1127,
10070,
679,
385,
4805,
731,
322,
1653,
263,
376,
29890,
7515,
3250,
3800,
29908,
363,
263,
2278,
29889,
8561,
1009,
12060,
3250,
6398,
2041,
1565,
29889,
13,
4557,
29871,
29946,
29889,
1094,
13851,
13501,
322,
366,
322,
596,
4344,
526,
297,
817,
310,
716,
13851,
1302,
1446,
29892,
298,
1446,
29892,
21990,
1960,
322,
15482,
1960,
2125,
263,
3256,
304,
1348,
1048,
278,
4344,
1058,
508,
29915,
29873,
21750,
1438,
4452,
29889,
887,
1033,
1016,
403,
1833,
1629,
29915,
29879,
330,
2705,
1304,
13851,
1098,
533,
29892,
20590,
1554,
716,
29892,
470,
437,
1716,
29991,
8680,
4344,
6548,
714,
310,
1009,
1302,
1446,
29889,
2193,
24296,
674,
3013,
1790,
2278,
14294,
445,
13851,
29889,
13,
4557,
29871,
29945,
29889,
1834,
29887,
4357,
338,
697,
310,
590,
25448,
3064,
310,
278,
1629,
29991,
350,
2692,
697,
310,
590,
3203,
25448,
14188,
338,
5622,
590,
4344,
304,
278,
4071,
29883,
708,
3787,
304,
679,
599,
310,
278,
4452,
306,
817,
304,
1207,
590,
1834,
29887,
4357,
17803,
29889,
8561,
1023,
8857,
445,
1629,
29889,
25538,
697,
304,
596,
4344,
322,
408,
366,
748,
1549,
278,
4071,
29883,
708,
3787,
505,
963,
18296,
1009,
1051,
1550,
366,
18296,
15850,
29889,
450,
4452,
373,
1009,
1051,
674,
367,
1016,
630,
304,
278,
1887,
9687,
9124,
29889,
3575,
4344,
674,
2125,
24967,
297,
13797,
896,
17394,
2986,
363,
278,
592,
284,
322,
9213,
1790,
3942,
10894,
403,
1834,
29887,
4357,
29889,
887,
1033,
1584,
748,
697,
4331,
4340,
322,
1207,
278,
931,
304,
7899,
304,
278,
9687,
9124,
411,
596,
4344,
29889,
2688,
508,
1925,
278,
4071,
29883,
708,
289,
810,
2845,
297,
278,
289,
1144,
470,
2244,
263,
21097,
304,
591,
1141,
963,
29889,
739,
338,
2090,
363,
278,
4344,
304,
1074,
920,
1568,
1009,
4071,
29883,
708,
1016,
362,
591,
1141,
29879,
322,
769,
5505,
2446,
1629,
366,
1018,
304,
2246,
278,
7688,
29889,
13,
2059,
3907,
6820,
263,
11399,
297,
596,
3271,
366,
22222,
1549,
3158,
825,
372,
2794,
304,
1371,
4045,
29889,
7806,
697,
310,
278,
3534,
2187,
306,
5276,
13246,
278,
3050,
304,
263,
21114,
14983,
411,
596,
4344,
29889,
1932,
591,
29197,
1749,
4344,
29892,
896,
1556,
4049,
260,
1540,
502,
714,
29889,
2398,
29892,
565,
591,
508,
25135,
963,
297,
1373,
8270,
8820,
297,
2560,
322,
2090,
5837,
29892,
591,
526,
21699,
18819,
963,
1048,
278,
3186,
322,
3907,
963,
24173,
304,
2125,
760,
297,
3907,
372,
263,
2253,
2058,
29889,
960,
366,
1348,
1048,
372,
29892,
278,
10879,
338,
12176,
29889,
2648,
5221,
1218,
297,
1438,
3534,
2187,
29892,
1749,
4344,
508,
29915,
29873,
1371,
541,
5110,
278,
995,
310,
19912,
4045,
29889,
2688,
769,
508,
2125,
1438,
3109,
787,
322,
1209,
963,
1623,
304,
1009,
4344,
29889,
2803,
29915,
29879,
6860,
1749,
4344,
304,
367,
385,
8681,
12232,
304,
4045,
322,
304,
6232,
278,
28091,
896,
505,
297,
1009,
2834,
29889,
450,
995,
310,
445,
338,
544,
293,
6393,
29889,
1724,
6820,
3534,
2187,
674,
366,
1369,
445,
1629,
29973,
13,
1523,
3921,
29892,
14795,
3305,
29892,
349,
2426,
29889,
4525,
526,
278,
8359,
21737,
306,
679,
746,
22049,
964,
590,
3271,
29889,
16809,
304,
278,
298,
504,
280,
322,
289,
504,
280,
310,
1432,
3250,
2834,
29892,
1438,
21737,
6041,
748,
443,
1333,
7612,
29892,
541,
306,
2337,
2041,
1250,
304,
278,
20715,
4279,
363,
278,
9753,
22999,
653,
306,
1246,
3271,
29889,
306,
505,
10600,
297,
1784,
1422,
17774,
29892,
297,
1784,
1422,
4072,
310,
18403,
29879,
29892,
541,
694,
4383,
278,
2159,
322,
4423,
896,
505,
599,
1063,
263,
2058,
306,
1033,
1246,
590,
1914,
29889,
13,
10401,
306,
1348,
1048,
825,
3271,
19781,
2794,
29892,
590,
3458,
24706,
414,
304,
1906,
2305,
1058,
437,
451,
505,
263,
3271,
29889,
3387,
263,
25020,
11015,
7899,
29892,
297,
1716,
18112,
29892,
727,
526,
1784,
13175,
1058,
526,
3632,
6393,
29889,
306,
679,
5051,
17285,
701,
1048,
445,
11261,
29892,
7148,
746,
372,
5304,
304,
3632,
6393,
4344,
29889,
1105,
10325,
306,
19098,
263,
4723,
988,
591,
723,
3867,
9687,
1269,
4646,
363,
278,
13175,
8471,
297,
263,
1887,
3632,
6393,
27709,
29889,
13,
29909,
2625,
4443,
29892,
1556,
3632,
6393,
528,
295,
2153,
19104,
373,
278,
7881,
304,
1371,
411,
592,
1338,
29889,
910,
3153,
27709,
29915,
29879,
23562,
363,
9687,
338,
871,
1048,
395,
29896,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
263,
1629,
304,
8343
] | 1,024 |
C4
| 0.77104 | -1.081709 | -0.090664 | 1.473329 |
at least 7 families in the summer months and many more in the winter months. Yes, they get some support from local food banks, but they really depend on community support. Now I don't know about you, but my Safeway bill comes close to that amount….per month.
This information shocked me so greatly that I sent an email to twenty five families I know and asked if they wanted to participate. Four nights filled up quickly and my family took the fifth night. This was the easy part. Then, a few surprising and unexpected things happened. First, I was surprised that others had reservations about bringing their children to the shelter. People started to ask questions: Is it safe? Are you bringing Noah (my 5 year old son)? What should I expect to see? To be honest, I hadn't thought twice about taking Noah. I wanted this event to be a learning experience for him and to make charity a family thing, not just something Noah sees Mommy doing.
Maybe I should mention that I had been to this shelter on two other occasions. Party In-kindness (if you are new to the blog, that is my non-profit organization) worked with the shelter to drop off Mother's Day gifts for the moms living there and the other was an official tour of the facility because I had been working closely with them. My perspective was different than those going for the first time, so I knew this hesitation had to do with their inexperience with shelter work. I felt a light needed to be shed on the positive aspects of exposing children to this very real way of life.
And, with a lot reassurance, each family took their children. A good decision in my opinion because of the overwhelming privilege in which our children are surrounded. I reminded them that most family shelters are made up of families just like mine and yours who fell on hard times and just needed a little help to get back on their feet.
So our night came and my son jumped right in playing with the children as I started to prepare the meal (well, open up the Chinese food containers). Now before you picture me as a woman who preaches, but doesn't practice, I will explain my lack of four-course meal cooking. I had taken a poll from the families and Chinese food is what they requested to eat on the evening my family came. So these cardboard boxes filled with the best Chinese food in town spared them from my mediocre cooking skills. Anyway, Jessica, a mom of 6, came to the counter. We had chatted earlier in the week when I helped another family serve their meal. She had been there the longest and was very quiet and sweet. She came to the counter to get seconds for the kids and said, "I've been living here for almost a year and this was one of the best weeks of meals we've had." It was like she reached into my chest and took hold of my heart and hugged it, tight.
There are many families, just like Jessica's who need your help. Be a facilitator amongst your family and friends. You will be surprised that your neighbors and friends want to help but don't know how. You will be surprised that your children can handle the emotions connected to charitable work. Teach them, reassure them, and you will be surprised how the experience will change you and those around you. Think about these families the next time you open your front door, arms heavy with groceries. Think about them the next time you open your refrigerator, or sit down to eat a meal with your family. What can you do to help and encourage those around you to do the same?
Always being asked for a donation?
I was sitting in bed last night waiting for an episode of "Law and Order" (my favorite show) to come on while reading my emails. One email in particular stood out from a good friend of mine who fought breast cancer and won. In her email she explained how, for the first time since her battle, she would be participating in the Avon 39 The Walk to End Breast Cancer and raising money for her cause. It made me think back to three years ago when my whole view on these types of donations was changed forever.
I never really stopped to think about what these donations meant to the people asking for them. That was until one of my best friend's son got Leukemia. Freak'n Leukemia! He was diagnosed in early summer of 2012. One of our close friends put a team together for the local Light The Night Walk, which takes place in October every year. It is a walk to raise money for research to
|
[
472,
3203,
29871,
29955,
13175,
297,
278,
11801,
7378,
322,
1784,
901,
297,
278,
13851,
7378,
29889,
3869,
29892,
896,
679,
777,
2304,
515,
1887,
9687,
24388,
29892,
541,
896,
2289,
8839,
373,
7881,
2304,
29889,
2567,
306,
1016,
29915,
29873,
1073,
1048,
366,
29892,
541,
590,
14795,
809,
388,
11118,
5304,
3802,
304,
393,
5253,
30098,
29889,
546,
4098,
29889,
13,
4013,
2472,
19253,
287,
592,
577,
11180,
393,
306,
2665,
385,
4876,
304,
10081,
5320,
13175,
306,
1073,
322,
4433,
565,
896,
5131,
304,
5221,
403,
29889,
12458,
4646,
29879,
10423,
701,
9098,
322,
590,
3942,
3614,
278,
18615,
4646,
29889,
910,
471,
278,
4780,
760,
29889,
1987,
29892,
263,
2846,
26800,
322,
15668,
2712,
9559,
29889,
3824,
29892,
306,
471,
18014,
393,
4045,
750,
620,
6972,
800,
1048,
20794,
1009,
4344,
304,
278,
27709,
29889,
11647,
4687,
304,
2244,
5155,
29901,
1317,
372,
9109,
29973,
4683,
366,
20794,
1939,
801,
313,
1357,
29871,
29945,
1629,
2030,
1487,
6877,
1724,
881,
306,
2149,
304,
1074,
29973,
1763,
367,
15993,
29892,
306,
27222,
29915,
29873,
2714,
8951,
1048,
5622,
1939,
801,
29889,
306,
5131,
445,
1741,
304,
367,
263,
6509,
7271,
363,
1075,
322,
304,
1207,
1373,
537,
263,
3942,
2655,
29892,
451,
925,
1554,
1939,
801,
18553,
341,
290,
1357,
2599,
29889,
13,
22762,
306,
881,
3585,
393,
306,
750,
1063,
304,
445,
27709,
373,
1023,
916,
26108,
29889,
9173,
512,
29899,
14380,
2264,
313,
361,
366,
526,
716,
304,
278,
12618,
29892,
393,
338,
590,
1661,
29899,
771,
9202,
13013,
29897,
3796,
411,
278,
27709,
304,
5768,
1283,
21869,
29915,
29879,
8373,
330,
17741,
363,
278,
286,
4835,
8471,
727,
322,
278,
916,
471,
385,
6221,
6282,
310,
278,
24454,
1363,
306,
750,
1063,
1985,
16467,
411,
963,
29889,
1619,
18520,
471,
1422,
1135,
1906,
2675,
363,
278,
937,
931,
29892,
577,
306,
6363,
445,
19066,
7018,
750,
304,
437,
411,
1009,
297,
735,
546,
5597,
411,
27709,
664,
29889,
306,
7091,
263,
3578,
4312,
304,
367,
28453,
373,
278,
6374,
21420,
310,
14060,
292,
4344,
304,
445,
1407,
1855,
982,
310,
2834,
29889,
13,
2855,
29892,
411,
263,
3287,
337,
465,
18541,
29892,
1269,
3942,
3614,
1009,
4344,
29889,
319,
1781,
10608,
297,
590,
9426,
1363,
310,
278,
975,
1332,
295,
4056,
14828,
479,
297,
607,
1749,
4344,
526,
22047,
29889,
306,
1083,
513,
287,
963,
393,
1556,
3942,
528,
295,
2153,
526,
1754,
701,
310,
13175,
925,
763,
7903,
322,
15850,
1058,
8379,
373,
2898,
3064,
322,
925,
4312,
263,
2217,
1371,
304,
679,
1250,
373,
1009,
6900,
29889,
13,
6295,
1749,
4646,
2996,
322,
590,
1487,
12500,
287,
1492,
297,
8743,
411,
278,
4344,
408,
306,
4687,
304,
19012,
278,
592,
284,
313,
5872,
29892,
1722,
701,
278,
10013,
9687,
22637,
467,
2567,
1434,
366,
7623,
592,
408,
263,
6114,
1058,
758,
14520,
29892,
541,
1838,
29915,
29873,
6944,
29892,
306,
674,
5649,
590,
10225,
310,
3023,
29899,
15775,
592,
284,
7984,
292,
29889,
306,
750,
4586,
263,
21180,
515,
278,
13175,
322,
10013,
9687,
338,
825,
896,
13877,
304,
17545,
373,
278,
11005,
590,
3942,
2996,
29889,
1105,
1438,
5881,
3377,
16273,
10423,
411,
278,
1900,
10013,
9687,
297,
4726,
805,
1965,
963,
515,
590,
14457,
542,
276,
7984,
292,
25078,
29889,
18110,
29892,
23010,
983,
29892,
263,
16823,
310,
29871,
29953,
29892,
2996,
304,
278,
6795,
29889,
1334,
750,
521,
19667,
8859,
297,
278,
4723,
746,
306,
9213,
1790,
3942,
9080,
1009,
592,
284,
29889,
2296,
750,
1063,
727,
278,
27217,
322,
471,
1407,
11813,
322,
14225,
29889,
2296,
2996,
304,
278,
6795,
304,
679,
6923,
363,
278,
413,
4841,
322,
1497,
29892,
376,
29902,
29915,
345,
1063,
8471,
1244,
363,
4359,
263,
1629,
322,
445,
471,
697,
310,
278,
1900,
11405,
310,
592,
1338,
591,
29915,
345,
750,
1213,
739,
471,
763,
1183,
7450,
964,
590,
521,
342,
322,
3614,
4808,
310,
590,
5192,
322,
298,
688,
3192,
372,
29892,
19932,
29889,
13,
8439,
526,
1784,
13175,
29892,
925,
763,
23010,
983,
29915,
29879,
1058,
817,
596,
1371,
29889,
1522,
263,
16089,
277,
1061,
22611,
596,
3942,
322,
7875,
29889,
887,
674,
367,
18014,
393,
596,
22092,
943,
322,
7875,
864,
304,
1371,
541,
1016,
29915,
29873,
1073,
920,
29889,
887,
674,
367,
18014,
393,
596,
4344,
508,
4386,
278,
23023,
1080,
6631,
304,
1373,
8270,
664,
29889,
1920,
496,
963,
29892,
337,
465,
545,
963,
29892,
322,
366,
674,
367,
18014,
920,
278,
7271,
674,
1735,
366,
322,
1906,
2820,
366,
29889,
25086,
1048,
1438,
13175,
278,
2446,
931,
366,
1722,
596,
4565,
3050,
29892,
10188,
9416,
411,
4071,
2265,
583,
29889,
25086,
1048,
963,
278,
2446,
931,
366,
1722,
596,
337,
1341,
4087,
1061,
29892,
470,
7845,
1623,
304,
17545,
263,
592,
284,
411,
596,
3942,
29889,
1724,
508,
366,
437,
304,
1371,
322,
13731,
6617,
1906,
2820,
366,
304,
437,
278,
1021,
29973,
13,
2499,
1994,
1641,
4433,
363,
263,
1016,
362,
29973,
13,
29902,
471,
16246,
297,
6592,
1833,
4646,
10534,
363,
385,
12720,
310,
376,
29931,
1450,
322,
8170,
29908,
313,
1357,
25448,
1510,
29897,
304,
2041,
373,
1550,
5183,
590,
24609,
29889,
3118,
4876,
297,
3153,
8389,
714,
515,
263,
1781,
5121,
310,
7903,
1058,
20722,
24207,
23900,
322,
2113,
29889,
512,
902,
4876,
1183,
10824,
920,
29892,
363,
278,
937,
931,
1951,
902,
10555,
29892,
1183,
723,
367,
5221,
1218,
297,
278,
7740,
265,
29871,
29941,
29929,
450,
12878,
304,
2796,
5826,
579,
1815,
2265,
322,
29263,
6909,
363,
902,
4556,
29889,
739,
1754,
592,
1348,
1250,
304,
2211,
2440,
8020,
746,
590,
3353,
1776,
373,
1438,
4072,
310,
1016,
800,
471,
3939,
22296,
29889,
13,
29902,
2360,
2289,
11084,
304,
1348,
1048,
825,
1438,
1016,
800,
6839,
304,
278,
2305,
6721,
363,
963,
29889,
2193,
471,
2745,
697,
310,
590,
1900,
5121,
29915,
29879,
1487,
2355,
951,
2679,
29747,
29889,
3878,
557,
29915,
29876,
951,
2679,
29747,
29991,
940,
471,
24876,
2662,
297,
4688,
11801,
310,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29906,
29889,
3118,
310,
1749,
3802,
7875,
1925,
263,
3815,
4208,
363,
278,
1887,
12790,
450,
11554,
12878,
29892,
607,
4893,
2058,
297,
5533,
1432,
1629,
29889,
739,
338,
263,
6686,
304,
12020,
6909,
363,
5925,
304
] | 1,024 |
C4
| 0.807721 | -1.138812 | -0.33118 | 0.562617 |
fight childhood cancer, to show support to the families fighting the disease, and to memorialize those lost in the fight. Participating in this event was just one more way to show support to our friend, to Noah's best buddy, to others fighting this battle whom we now had such an heart wrenching awareness of. It wasn't just about walking together as a team, we wanted to raise as much money as we could. We felt like it was our way of doing something, of helping in a tangible way. And it was.
There is also another very important piece to this. When you make a donation to a cause that is important to a friend or loved one, whatever the amount, you are saying "I believe in you. I stand behind you in your fight. WOW how great it is that you are turning a terrible situation into a way to help others". OK, I know that seems like a lot to say by just entering an amount into the computer, but I bet if you stopped to ask that people receiving the donation will say.
In my giving journey, I've learned that whatever your donation is, matters, whether it's $1, $5, $100 or $10,000. When you click on that button to give, the amount isn't what the person on the other end sees. They see someone who wants to help them and recognizes what they have been through. And that realization has no price.
However, when we get requests for donations, there is a certain struggle that we find ourselves in. After entering our credit card information, we struggle to decide an appropriate amount to give, thinking to ourselves "What IS appropriate? Am I being cheap? Should I be more generous?". Finally, we close our eyes, click the submit button, and feel as though our money has been sent into an abyss. But trust me, it hasn't.
By not deleting these requests, and taking the time to participate, you are making a difference in the life of others. It's an easy way to give back. Even though it may not be your cause or your charity, it is another person's cause, another person's charity (and sometimes we should think about people other than ourselves, right?). So, going forward, will you click "donate"?
How to Touch Another Mom's Life with the Power of "Thank You"!
As moms, we rarely hear the words, "thank you." Let's imagine for a moment an employer who informs a new employee of their "thank you" policy: we only say "thank you" and show our appreciation for your hard work one day out of the year. Who would work there? It would have to be the most gratifying (or simple) job in America to sign on knowing that. Even still, people like to hear that they are doing a good job whatever the "job" may be. While not simple, the job of being a mom definitely seems to fit into this category.
Mother's Day is all about thanking moms. I admit I really look forward to Mother's Day. It's a day that I can express to my own mom, with words and gifts, what she means to me. I try to make up for all of those years I never said "thank you" as a child. Instead of "thank you," I was constantly complaining about all of her rules. She was strict, but looking back at my childhood I am so grateful for that.
I also love being on the receiving end and hearing my children say "thank you mommy." They wait with bated breath for my reaction as I open the homemade gifts they made for me at school. Their eyes shine when I tear the wrapping paper off the gifts they picked out from their one yearly trip to the store with my husband. Seeing what they chose is always interesting, but the look on their faces is what always means so much more to me. Moms out there, please take a minute and think about that moment.
However, there are hundreds of moms who will wake up on Mother's Day and will not receive a token of appreciation for being a mom. They are moms just like you and I, working hard to raise their children, trying to do their best to teach them right and wrong but with one big difference, these women and children are homeless and unfortunately, they do not have the simple luxury to celebrate their vast achievements in motherhood.
Every community has family shelters, shelters for women and their children, domestic abuse shelters, the list goes on. Imagine you could create that "thank you" moment for another mom or that moment for
|
[
8589,
2278,
6614,
23900,
29892,
304,
1510,
2304,
304,
278,
13175,
17770,
278,
17135,
29892,
322,
304,
26959,
6646,
1906,
5714,
297,
278,
8589,
29889,
3455,
12654,
1218,
297,
445,
1741,
471,
925,
697,
901,
982,
304,
1510,
2304,
304,
1749,
5121,
29892,
304,
1939,
801,
29915,
29879,
1900,
8619,
4518,
29892,
304,
4045,
17770,
445,
10555,
6029,
591,
1286,
750,
1316,
385,
5192,
281,
4615,
292,
3773,
8326,
404,
310,
29889,
739,
9007,
29915,
29873,
925,
1048,
22049,
4208,
408,
263,
3815,
29892,
591,
5131,
304,
12020,
408,
1568,
6909,
408,
591,
1033,
29889,
1334,
7091,
763,
372,
471,
1749,
982,
310,
2599,
1554,
29892,
310,
19912,
297,
263,
18806,
1821,
982,
29889,
1126,
372,
471,
29889,
13,
8439,
338,
884,
1790,
1407,
4100,
8424,
304,
445,
29889,
1932,
366,
1207,
263,
1016,
362,
304,
263,
4556,
393,
338,
4100,
304,
263,
5121,
470,
18012,
697,
29892,
6514,
278,
5253,
29892,
366,
526,
5934,
376,
29902,
4658,
297,
366,
29889,
306,
2317,
5742,
366,
297,
596,
8589,
29889,
399,
9806,
920,
2107,
372,
338,
393,
366,
526,
14712,
263,
16403,
6434,
964,
263,
982,
304,
1371,
4045,
1642,
9280,
29892,
306,
1073,
393,
2444,
763,
263,
3287,
304,
1827,
491,
925,
18055,
385,
5253,
964,
278,
6601,
29892,
541,
306,
1010,
565,
366,
11084,
304,
2244,
393,
2305,
13442,
278,
1016,
362,
674,
1827,
29889,
13,
797,
590,
6820,
16342,
29892,
306,
29915,
345,
10972,
393,
6514,
596,
1016,
362,
338,
29892,
13750,
29892,
3692,
372,
29915,
29879,
395,
29896,
29892,
395,
29945,
29892,
395,
29896,
29900,
29900,
470,
395,
29896,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
29889,
1932,
366,
2828,
373,
393,
2826,
304,
2367,
29892,
278,
5253,
3508,
29915,
29873,
825,
278,
2022,
373,
278,
916,
1095,
18553,
29889,
2688,
1074,
4856,
1058,
10753,
304,
1371,
963,
322,
5936,
7093,
825,
896,
505,
1063,
1549,
29889,
1126,
393,
1855,
2133,
756,
694,
8666,
29889,
13,
17245,
29892,
746,
591,
679,
7274,
363,
1016,
800,
29892,
727,
338,
263,
3058,
21117,
393,
591,
1284,
20278,
297,
29889,
2860,
18055,
1749,
16200,
5881,
2472,
29892,
591,
21117,
304,
11097,
385,
8210,
5253,
304,
2367,
29892,
7291,
304,
20278,
376,
5618,
8519,
8210,
29973,
1913,
306,
1641,
28773,
29973,
10575,
306,
367,
901,
1176,
681,
29973,
1642,
9788,
29892,
591,
3802,
1749,
5076,
29892,
2828,
278,
9752,
2826,
29892,
322,
4459,
408,
2466,
1749,
6909,
756,
1063,
2665,
964,
385,
24475,
893,
29889,
1205,
9311,
592,
29892,
372,
22602,
29915,
29873,
29889,
13,
2059,
451,
21228,
1438,
7274,
29892,
322,
5622,
278,
931,
304,
5221,
403,
29892,
366,
526,
3907,
263,
4328,
297,
278,
2834,
310,
4045,
29889,
739,
29915,
29879,
385,
4780,
982,
304,
2367,
1250,
29889,
7753,
2466,
372,
1122,
451,
367,
596,
4556,
470,
596,
1373,
537,
29892,
372,
338,
1790,
2022,
29915,
29879,
4556,
29892,
1790,
2022,
29915,
29879,
1373,
537,
313,
392,
6041,
591,
881,
1348,
1048,
2305,
916,
1135,
20278,
29892,
1492,
29973,
467,
1105,
29892,
2675,
6375,
29892,
674,
366,
2828,
376,
9176,
403,
8652,
13,
5328,
304,
28675,
7280,
341,
290,
29915,
29879,
4634,
411,
278,
9206,
310,
376,
25271,
887,
29908,
29991,
13,
2887,
286,
4835,
29892,
591,
23703,
8293,
278,
3838,
29892,
376,
386,
804,
366,
1213,
2803,
29915,
29879,
14034,
363,
263,
3256,
385,
5703,
261,
1058,
1871,
29879,
263,
716,
19001,
310,
1009,
376,
386,
804,
366,
29908,
8898,
29901,
591,
871,
1827,
376,
386,
804,
366,
29908,
322,
1510,
1749,
5108,
362,
363,
596,
2898,
664,
697,
2462,
714,
310,
278,
1629,
29889,
11644,
723,
664,
727,
29973,
739,
723,
505,
304,
367,
278,
1556,
20715,
9215,
313,
272,
2560,
29897,
4982,
297,
6813,
304,
1804,
373,
13797,
393,
29889,
7753,
1603,
29892,
2305,
763,
304,
8293,
393,
896,
526,
2599,
263,
1781,
4982,
6514,
278,
376,
9057,
29908,
1122,
367,
29889,
5806,
451,
2560,
29892,
278,
4982,
310,
1641,
263,
16823,
11630,
2444,
304,
6216,
964,
445,
7663,
29889,
13,
29924,
1228,
29915,
29879,
8373,
338,
599,
1048,
6452,
292,
286,
4835,
29889,
306,
20000,
306,
2289,
1106,
6375,
304,
21869,
29915,
29879,
8373,
29889,
739,
29915,
29879,
263,
2462,
393,
306,
508,
4653,
304,
590,
1914,
16823,
29892,
411,
3838,
322,
330,
17741,
29892,
825,
1183,
2794,
304,
592,
29889,
306,
1018,
304,
1207,
701,
363,
599,
310,
1906,
2440,
306,
2360,
1497,
376,
386,
804,
366,
29908,
408,
263,
2278,
29889,
8669,
310,
376,
386,
804,
366,
1699,
306,
471,
21003,
15313,
2827,
1048,
599,
310,
902,
6865,
29889,
2296,
471,
9406,
29892,
541,
3063,
1250,
472,
590,
2278,
6614,
306,
626,
577,
28656,
363,
393,
29889,
13,
29902,
884,
5360,
1641,
373,
278,
13442,
1095,
322,
22514,
590,
4344,
1827,
376,
386,
804,
366,
16823,
1357,
1213,
2688,
4480,
411,
289,
630,
16172,
363,
590,
19848,
408,
306,
1722,
278,
3632,
331,
1943,
330,
17741,
896,
1754,
363,
592,
472,
3762,
29889,
11275,
5076,
528,
457,
746,
306,
734,
279,
278,
28489,
5650,
1283,
278,
330,
17741,
896,
18691,
714,
515,
1009,
697,
1629,
368,
17487,
304,
278,
3787,
411,
590,
10216,
29889,
2823,
292,
825,
896,
12784,
338,
2337,
8031,
29892,
541,
278,
1106,
373,
1009,
17240,
338,
825,
2337,
2794,
577,
1568,
901,
304,
592,
29889,
341,
4835,
714,
727,
29892,
3113,
2125,
263,
11015,
322,
1348,
1048,
393,
3256,
29889,
13,
17245,
29892,
727,
526,
21006,
310,
286,
4835,
1058,
674,
281,
1296,
701,
373,
21869,
29915,
29879,
8373,
322,
674,
451,
7150,
263,
5993,
310,
5108,
362,
363,
1641,
263,
16823,
29889,
2688,
526,
286,
4835,
925,
763,
366,
322,
306,
29892,
1985,
2898,
304,
12020,
1009,
4344,
29892,
1811,
304,
437,
1009,
1900,
304,
6860,
963,
1492,
322,
2743,
541,
411,
697,
4802,
4328,
29892,
1438,
5866,
322,
4344,
526,
3632,
6393,
322,
15428,
29892,
896,
437,
451,
505,
278,
2560,
21684,
2857,
304,
10894,
403,
1009,
13426,
27012,
4110,
297,
5637,
6614,
29889,
13,
26526,
7881,
756,
3942,
528,
295,
2153,
29892,
528,
295,
2153,
363,
5866,
322,
1009,
4344,
29892,
21849,
633,
1509,
528,
295,
2153,
29892,
278,
1051,
5771,
373,
29889,
1954,
22094,
366,
1033,
1653,
393,
376,
386,
804,
366,
29908,
3256,
363,
1790,
16823,
470,
393,
3256,
363
] | 1,024 |
C4
| 1.212563 | -1.132323 | -0.778141 | 0.689105 |
a child when he gives his mom a gift and says "thank you." Well…you can! And, it's easy!
Ok here we go. You are planning to have a party for you and your girlfriends. Ask them to bring one lip gloss, a nail polish, a small hand lotion, and a small hand sanitizer or any other cute "girly" thing you yourself would want to get in a gift bag. At a convenience store, or your local grocery store, those items I mentioned add up to about $20-$30. You don't even have to make a special trip – just pick up these items at that week's grocery run or trip to the pharmacy.
As the host, you will provide small gift bags and little note tags. The tags are for notes of encouragement your guests will write to the mom receiving the gift bag (because as moms who doesn't like – and deserve – to hear words of encouragement?). On a daily basis I need words of encouragement when handling the trials and tribulations of motherhood! Imagine the effect those kinds words could have on a mother who is struggling with homelessness.
Then you can Google the shelters in your area (unfortunately, you will be surprised at the amount you will have to choose from). Call them up! Let them know what you are doing and ask how many women live there. This is so you know how many bags to make. Obvious, I know, but we are busy moms and I want to lay every detail out so you don't have to! From experience, I can tell you they will be more than thrilled to get this donation.
You and your friends can assemble the bags at the party while chatting over drinks and appetizers. All while making a difference in the life of another woman. I am sure you have these kinds of get togethers. I know I do. I love hanging out with my girlfriends. Aren't girlfriends the best? Now we can turn hanging out together into a way to give back, into making a difference in the life of another woman. Book clubs, girl's nights out, cooking clubs, bridge clubs; you name the occasion, it's possible to organize this meaningful activity. If you begin to schedule these get togethers now, you can do this in time for Mother's Day!
Once you've created the gift bags, take pictures of them and share what you did with your children. Talk about why you did it and how it made you feel. You can even get your kids involved, making it a yearly tradition with your friends or family.
I'm sorry if this blog entry seems a bit "how to," but I wanted to drive home the point that this kind of giving activity is so easy yet so impactful. Through my charity, Party In-kindness, my girlfriends and I have assembled Mother's Day gift bags for our local shelter and it was one of my favorite events of 2014.
Even though it's one day out of the year, having my family thank me on Mother's Day shows me that they appreciate the work I do every day nurturing and caring for them. I say "work" not because it's a chore to me, but because while it is a joy, it is also hard and demanding day to day. Think about the mothers that do not have the opportunity or means to get this reinforcement from their families. Know the power of a "thank you." Know you have the power to create that moment for another woman. Will you touch another mother's life?
Shani and I have been friends for two years. Now that may not seem like a long time to you, but in this short amount of time I have learned a few things about how important our friendship is (cue sappy friendship spiel). Shani literally keeps my type A personality under control. She is my sounding board, my friend, my voice of reason, the ying to my yang in affairs that pertain to our nonprofit. Ok, that may sound dramatic, but it is true. If you met us, and didn't know us, you would shake your head a bit. Our backgrounds, personalities, and cultures are very different. Not that any of that matters, and we are a perfect example of that.
One day, when Shani and I were driving back from delivering pajamas to a homeless shelter that serves women and children, she asked me a pretty profound question: "You ever wonder why you and I are in the position in life we are in and those
|
[
263,
2278,
746,
540,
4076,
670,
16823,
263,
19797,
322,
4083,
376,
386,
804,
366,
1213,
5674,
30098,
6293,
508,
29991,
1126,
29892,
372,
29915,
29879,
4780,
29991,
13,
20434,
1244,
591,
748,
29889,
887,
526,
18987,
304,
505,
263,
6263,
363,
366,
322,
596,
7826,
7932,
1975,
29889,
26579,
963,
304,
6963,
697,
17441,
3144,
2209,
29892,
263,
302,
737,
1248,
728,
29892,
263,
2319,
1361,
3287,
291,
29892,
322,
263,
2319,
1361,
9753,
277,
3950,
470,
738,
916,
274,
1082,
376,
29887,
381,
368,
29908,
2655,
366,
7535,
723,
864,
304,
679,
297,
263,
19797,
19548,
29889,
2180,
263,
29703,
3787,
29892,
470,
596,
1887,
4071,
29883,
708,
3787,
29892,
1906,
4452,
306,
5276,
788,
701,
304,
1048,
395,
29906,
29900,
18039,
29941,
29900,
29889,
887,
1016,
29915,
29873,
1584,
505,
304,
1207,
263,
4266,
17487,
785,
925,
5839,
701,
1438,
4452,
472,
393,
4723,
29915,
29879,
4071,
29883,
708,
1065,
470,
17487,
304,
278,
1374,
2817,
4135,
29889,
13,
2887,
278,
3495,
29892,
366,
674,
3867,
2319,
19797,
289,
810,
322,
2217,
4443,
8282,
29889,
450,
8282,
526,
363,
11486,
310,
18443,
882,
596,
28865,
674,
2436,
304,
278,
16823,
13442,
278,
19797,
19548,
313,
18103,
408,
286,
4835,
1058,
1838,
29915,
29873,
763,
785,
322,
553,
7143,
785,
304,
8293,
3838,
310,
18443,
882,
29973,
467,
1551,
263,
14218,
8405,
306,
817,
3838,
310,
18443,
882,
746,
11415,
278,
3367,
1338,
322,
9434,
8250,
310,
5637,
6614,
29991,
1954,
22094,
278,
2779,
1906,
17690,
3838,
1033,
505,
373,
263,
5637,
1058,
338,
20042,
411,
3632,
6393,
2264,
29889,
13,
11760,
366,
508,
5087,
278,
528,
295,
2153,
297,
596,
4038,
313,
348,
7524,
29892,
366,
674,
367,
18014,
472,
278,
5253,
366,
674,
505,
304,
6755,
515,
467,
8251,
963,
701,
29991,
2803,
963,
1073,
825,
366,
526,
2599,
322,
2244,
920,
1784,
5866,
5735,
727,
29889,
910,
338,
577,
366,
1073,
920,
1784,
289,
810,
304,
1207,
29889,
4250,
2366,
29892,
306,
1073,
29892,
541,
591,
526,
19587,
286,
4835,
322,
306,
864,
304,
6568,
1432,
9493,
714,
577,
366,
1016,
29915,
29873,
505,
304,
29991,
3645,
7271,
29892,
306,
508,
2649,
366,
896,
674,
367,
901,
1135,
1468,
24455,
304,
679,
445,
1016,
362,
29889,
13,
3492,
322,
596,
7875,
508,
24940,
278,
289,
810,
472,
278,
6263,
1550,
521,
23980,
975,
13748,
29879,
322,
623,
300,
19427,
29889,
2178,
1550,
3907,
263,
4328,
297,
278,
2834,
310,
1790,
6114,
29889,
306,
626,
1854,
366,
505,
1438,
17690,
310,
679,
3996,
621,
414,
29889,
306,
1073,
306,
437,
29889,
306,
5360,
298,
9776,
714,
411,
590,
7826,
7932,
1975,
29889,
826,
264,
29915,
29873,
7826,
7932,
1975,
278,
1900,
29973,
2567,
591,
508,
2507,
298,
9776,
714,
4208,
964,
263,
982,
304,
2367,
1250,
29892,
964,
3907,
263,
4328,
297,
278,
2834,
310,
1790,
6114,
29889,
6726,
17651,
29892,
7826,
29915,
29879,
4646,
29879,
714,
29892,
7984,
292,
17651,
29892,
12945,
17651,
29936,
366,
1024,
278,
10039,
29892,
372,
29915,
29879,
1950,
304,
2894,
675,
445,
6593,
1319,
6354,
29889,
960,
366,
3380,
304,
20410,
1438,
679,
3996,
621,
414,
1286,
29892,
366,
508,
437,
445,
297,
931,
363,
21869,
29915,
29879,
8373,
29991,
13,
26222,
366,
29915,
345,
2825,
278,
19797,
289,
810,
29892,
2125,
14956,
310,
963,
322,
6232,
825,
366,
1258,
411,
596,
4344,
29889,
323,
2235,
1048,
2020,
366,
1258,
372,
322,
920,
372,
1754,
366,
4459,
29889,
887,
508,
1584,
679,
596,
413,
4841,
9701,
29892,
3907,
372,
263,
1629,
368,
11399,
411,
596,
7875,
470,
3942,
29889,
13,
29902,
29915,
29885,
7423,
565,
445,
12618,
6251,
2444,
263,
2586,
376,
3525,
304,
1699,
541,
306,
5131,
304,
7899,
3271,
278,
1298,
393,
445,
2924,
310,
6820,
6354,
338,
577,
4780,
3447,
577,
10879,
1319,
29889,
17044,
590,
1373,
537,
29892,
9173,
512,
29899,
14380,
2264,
29892,
590,
7826,
7932,
1975,
322,
306,
505,
24940,
29881,
21869,
29915,
29879,
8373,
19797,
289,
810,
363,
1749,
1887,
27709,
322,
372,
471,
697,
310,
590,
25448,
4959,
310,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29946,
29889,
13,
29923,
854,
2466,
372,
29915,
29879,
697,
2462,
714,
310,
278,
1629,
29892,
2534,
590,
3942,
6452,
592,
373,
21869,
29915,
29879,
8373,
3697,
592,
393,
896,
11188,
278,
664,
306,
437,
1432,
2462,
302,
4227,
3864,
322,
1559,
292,
363,
963,
29889,
306,
1827,
376,
1287,
29908,
451,
1363,
372,
29915,
29879,
263,
521,
487,
304,
592,
29892,
541,
1363,
1550,
372,
338,
263,
15331,
29892,
372,
338,
884,
2898,
322,
9667,
292,
2462,
304,
2462,
29889,
25086,
1048,
278,
25550,
414,
393,
437,
451,
505,
278,
15130,
470,
2794,
304,
679,
445,
15561,
1454,
13561,
515,
1009,
13175,
29889,
19320,
278,
3081,
310,
263,
376,
386,
804,
366,
1213,
19320,
366,
505,
278,
3081,
304,
1653,
393,
3256,
363,
1790,
6114,
29889,
2811,
366,
6023,
1790,
5637,
29915,
29879,
2834,
29973,
13,
2713,
3270,
322,
306,
505,
1063,
7875,
363,
1023,
2440,
29889,
2567,
393,
1122,
451,
2833,
763,
263,
1472,
931,
304,
366,
29892,
541,
297,
445,
3273,
5253,
310,
931,
306,
505,
10972,
263,
2846,
2712,
1048,
920,
4100,
1749,
27994,
338,
313,
18376,
872,
23717,
27994,
14024,
467,
1383,
3270,
22830,
14874,
590,
1134,
319,
2022,
2877,
1090,
2761,
29889,
2296,
338,
590,
6047,
292,
7613,
29892,
590,
5121,
29892,
590,
7314,
310,
2769,
29892,
278,
343,
292,
304,
590,
343,
574,
297,
19469,
393,
639,
2408,
304,
1749,
1661,
771,
9202,
29889,
3674,
29892,
393,
1122,
6047,
8541,
2454,
29892,
541,
372,
338,
1565,
29889,
960,
366,
1539,
502,
29892,
322,
3282,
29915,
29873,
1073,
502,
29892,
366,
723,
528,
1296,
596,
2343,
263,
2586,
29889,
8680,
3239,
29879,
29892,
7333,
1907,
29892,
322,
4185,
1973,
526,
1407,
1422,
29889,
2216,
393,
738,
310,
393,
13750,
29892,
322,
591,
526,
263,
4922,
1342,
310,
393,
29889,
13,
6716,
2462,
29892,
746,
1383,
3270,
322,
306,
892,
19500,
1250,
515,
12021,
292,
282,
1175,
314,
294,
304,
263,
3632,
6393,
27709,
393,
19700,
5866,
322,
4344,
29892,
1183,
4433,
592,
263,
5051,
2600,
618,
1139,
29901,
376,
3492,
3926,
4997,
2020,
366,
322,
306,
526,
297,
278,
2602,
297,
2834,
591,
526,
297,
322,
1906
] | 1,024 |
C4
| 0.699038 | -1.634565 | -1.080299 | 0.423481 |
1 liter glass water bottle 1 liter bottles caps 1 liter glass water bottle amazon.
1 liter glass water bottle food grade 1 liter glass water bottle best 1 liter glass water bottle.
1 liter glass water bottle spiked tutu 1 liter glass water bottle bkr.
1 liter glass water bottle china free sample hot sale custom 1 liter glass drinking bottle china water bottle glass 1 liter glass bottle 1 liter glass water bottle bkr.
1 liter glass water bottle 1 liter glass water bottle for beverage and juicer best 1 liter glass water bottle.
1 liter glass water bottle free 1 liter glass water bottle 1 liter glass water bottle amazon.
1 liter glass water bottle metal clip top glass water bottle buy 1 liter glass drinking oil vinegar bottle product on 1 liter glass water bottle amazon.
1 liter glass water bottle 1 liter glass water bottle one hydration vessel 1 liter glass water bottle best 1 liter glass water bottle.
1 liter glass water bottle buy glass bottle 1 liter chemical bottle technical bottle 1 liter glass water bottle amazon.
1 liter glass water bottle miss glass bottle rose dot 1 liter me 1 liter glass water bottle amazon.
1 liter glass water bottle best original glass water bottle soft silicone protective sleeve free 1 liter glass water bottle bkr.
1 liter glass water bottle 1 liter sport water bottle 1 liter glass water bottle amazon.
1 liter glass water bottle 1 liter glass water bottle swing top 1 liter glass water bottle bkr.
1 liter glass water bottle blue glass solar water bottle 1 liter best 1 liter glass water bottle.
1 liter glass water bottle 1 liter glass water bottle wholesale glass water bottle glass drinking bottle 1 liter glass water bottle bkr.
1 liter glass water bottle lifestyle a water bottles previous next best 1 liter glass water bottle.
1 liter glass water bottle promotional 1 litre sealed clear heat resistant glass drinking bottle best 1 liter glass water bottle.
1 liter glass water bottle 1 liter glass water bottle amazon.
1 liter glass water bottle bottle best 1 liter glass water bottle.
1 liter glass water bottle glass water bottle lineup best 1 liter glass water bottle.
1 liter glass water bottle 1 liter glass 1 liter glass water bottle amazon.
1 liter glass water bottle water bottle best 1 liter glass water bottle.
1 liter glass water bottle mountain valley spring sparkling water glass water case of 1 liter 1 liter glass water bottle bkr.
1 liter glass water bottle double walled stainless steel swing top beer growler vacuum insulated 1 liter 1 liter glass water bottle amazon.
1 liter glass water bottle 1 liter oz free plastic water bottle w twist 1 liter glass water bottle bkr.
1 liter glass water bottle ounce blue stainless steel lid best 1 liter glass water bottle.
1 liter glass water bottle picture 8 of 8 1 liter glass water bottle bkr.
1 liter glass water bottle portable swing cap glass 1 liter glass water bottle 1 liter glass water bottle amazon.
1 liter glass water bottle carbonating bottle stainless steel 1 liter best 1 liter glass water bottle.
1 liter glass water bottle 1 liter clip lid round beverage glass wine juice soda water bottle with swing top best 1 liter glass water bottle.
1 liter glass water bottle 1 liter glass water bottle plastic natural mineral water bottle capacity 1 liter and glass water bottle 1 liter glass water bottle amazon.
1 liter glass water bottle water bottle 1 liter set of 3 best 1 liter glass water bottle.
1 liter glass water bottle tea cup popular double layer glass water bottle with tea infuser clear e friendly and safe workout water bottles 1 liter reusable water 1 liter glass water bottle amazon.
1 liter glass water bottle 1 liter glass water bottle bkr.
1 liter glass water bottle 1 liter glass bottle best 1 liter glass water bottle.
1 liter glass water bottle picture 1 of best 1 liter glass water bottle.
1 liter glass water bottle hey i found this really awesome listing at wwwcom listing 1 liter hand painted glass water
|
[
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
29871,
29896,
4631,
18046,
793,
26091,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
19249,
29889,
13,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
9687,
19468,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
1900,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
29889,
13,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
805,
638,
287,
7149,
29884,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
289,
12748,
29889,
13,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
521,
1099,
3889,
4559,
7375,
14686,
2888,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
13748,
292,
18046,
280,
521,
1099,
4094,
18046,
280,
12917,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
18046,
280,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
289,
12748,
29889,
13,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
363,
367,
19698,
322,
3623,
293,
261,
1900,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
29889,
13,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
3889,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
19249,
29889,
13,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
11915,
20102,
2246,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
15649,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
13748,
292,
17182,
13848,
387,
279,
18046,
280,
3234,
373,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
19249,
29889,
13,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
697,
27246,
29878,
362,
21239,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
1900,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
29889,
13,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
15649,
12917,
18046,
280,
29871,
29896,
4631,
22233,
18046,
280,
16905,
18046,
280,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
19249,
29889,
13,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
3052,
12917,
18046,
280,
11492,
8329,
29871,
29896,
4631,
592,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
19249,
29889,
13,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
1900,
2441,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
4964,
4047,
293,
650,
12566,
573,
12844,
29872,
345,
3889,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
289,
12748,
29889,
13,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
29871,
29896,
4631,
7980,
4094,
18046,
280,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
19249,
29889,
13,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
24500,
2246,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
289,
12748,
29889,
13,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
7254,
12917,
21635,
4094,
18046,
280,
29871,
29896,
4631,
1900,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
29889,
13,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
377,
6544,
744,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
12917,
13748,
292,
18046,
280,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
289,
12748,
29889,
13,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
301,
7004,
1508,
263,
4094,
18046,
793,
3517,
2446,
1900,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
29889,
13,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
2504,
327,
1848,
29871,
29896,
11872,
276,
409,
7943,
2821,
12871,
9241,
424,
12917,
13748,
292,
18046,
280,
1900,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
29889,
13,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
19249,
29889,
13,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
18046,
280,
1900,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
29889,
13,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
1196,
786,
1900,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
29889,
13,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
19249,
29889,
13,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
4094,
18046,
280,
1900,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
29889,
13,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
14378,
19599,
6709,
16267,
1847,
4094,
12917,
4094,
1206,
310,
29871,
29896,
4631,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
289,
12748,
29889,
13,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
3765,
281,
4212,
380,
475,
2222,
22973,
24500,
2246,
367,
261,
6548,
1358,
11757,
29884,
398,
1663,
7964,
29871,
29896,
4631,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
19249,
29889,
13,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
29871,
29896,
4631,
288,
29920,
3889,
715,
6288,
4094,
18046,
280,
281,
3252,
391,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
289,
12748,
29889,
13,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
29871,
21543,
7254,
380,
475,
2222,
22973,
17343,
1900,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
29889,
13,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
7623,
29871,
29947,
310,
29871,
29947,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
289,
12748,
29889,
13,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
2011,
519,
24500,
2117,
12917,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
19249,
29889,
13,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
22004,
1218,
18046,
280,
380,
475,
2222,
22973,
29871,
29896,
4631,
1900,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
29889,
13,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
29871,
29896,
4631,
20102,
17343,
4513,
367,
19698,
12917,
19006,
3623,
625,
269,
8887,
4094,
18046,
280,
411,
24500,
2246,
1900,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
29889,
13,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
715,
6288,
5613,
1375,
13537,
4094,
18046,
280,
13284,
29871,
29896,
4631,
322,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
19249,
29889,
13,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
4094,
18046,
280,
29871,
29896,
4631,
731,
310,
29871,
29941,
1900,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
29889,
13,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
23429,
18002,
5972,
3765,
7546,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
411,
23429,
3041,
1792,
2821,
321,
19780,
322,
9109,
664,
449,
4094,
18046,
793,
29871,
29896,
4631,
337,
27979,
4094,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
19249,
29889,
13,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
289,
12748,
29889,
13,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
18046,
280,
1900,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
29889,
13,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
7623,
29871,
29896,
310,
1900,
29871,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
29889,
13,
29896,
4631,
12917,
4094,
18046,
280,
540,
29891,
474,
1476,
445,
2289,
29663,
18028,
472,
7821,
510,
18028,
29871,
29896,
4631,
1361,
23139,
12917,
4094
] | 1,024 |
C4
| -1.88217 | -2.24712 | -1.8209 | -1.774875 |
One million fly-tipping incidents reported in 2018/19
By Imogen Benson | 7 November 2019 | Add a Comment
The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) has published its latest statistics on the number of fly-tipping incidents recorded by local authorities in England from April 2018 to March 2019.
According to the new figures, local authorities in England dealt with over one million fly-tipping incidents in 2018/19 – an eight per cent rise on the 998,000 incidents reported in 2017/18.
62 per cent of fly-tips in 2018/19 involved household waste, including black bag waste as well as material from house or shed clearances, old furniture, carpets and the waste from small-scale DIY works. As in previous years, pavements and roads remained the most common places for fly-tipping to occur.
Local authorities carried out 499,000 enforcement actions in 2018/19, an increase of 5,000 actions from last year. The number of fixed penalty notices has risen by 11 per cent to 76,000 in 2018/19, and the number of fines issued has increased by six per cent.
Defra highlighted the complexity of gathering fly-tipping data, stating that the figures should be interpreted with care as many local authorities have 'changed the way they capture and report fly-tips over the past few years.'
Defra also warned against direct comparison between individual local authorities, explaining that the frequency of fly-tipping can be influenced by many different variables, including population density, housing stock, demographics and commuter routes.
George Pearce, Commercial Development Manager for waste management company Biffa, commented: "As a leader in sustainable waste management in the UK, Biffa deals with fly-tipping issues on a daily basis. In our experience of dealing with the problem, the most effective way to solve fly-tipping is to take a holistic approach, working with councils and government bodies to tackle the problem from all angles.
"Currently the full scale of the problem is unclear as the extent of fly-tipping on private and commercial land is much harder to analyse.
"By preventing fly-tipping piles from increasing, people are less likely to dump rubbish on top and contribute further to the problem. As part of our own solution for customers, we provide Biffa OneCall, a specialised service which provides a rapid response to any fly-tipping alert, limiting small issues from becoming large land contamination issues. We'll be sharing this information with Defra as well to aid their research into solutions for the issue."
Jacob Hayler, Executive Director of the Environmental Services Association (ESA), said: "The dramatic year-on-year increase revealed by Defra's statistics provide a stark indication that fly-tipping in England is out of control, at over a million incidents a year.
"The annual financial cost of this crime to society, at over £200 million a year, is simply unacceptable, and that's before the hidden, less easily quantified, costs to the environment and local communities are considered
"These worrying figures are further evidence, if any was required, of the urgent need for more robust enforcement, as well as progress on new policy to reform the waste-carriers regime and introduce greater producer responsibility. Such measures could not only help provide funding to clear up fly-tipped waste, but also help to keep criminals out of our sector.
"These measures should be supported by well-funded communications campaigns to raise awareness of the issue and to ensure that householders in particular take greater responsibility for the waste they produce. Until this is tackled head on, I fear we will continue to see these depressing statistics."
A recent report from the Environment Agency (EA) has called on businesses to do more to reduce illegal waste activity, revealing that incidents of serious pollution caused by such activity had increased to 81 in 2018 compared to 51 in 2017.
The government's recently tabled Environment Bill included stronger measures to tackle waste crime and enforce anti-littering powers, though this has since fallen due to the dissolution of Parliament.
You can view the fly-tipping statistics in full on the Defra website.
Environment Agency investigating large-scale fly-
|
[
3118,
7284,
11340,
29899,
2034,
3262,
5528,
16719,
8967,
297,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
29914,
29896,
29929,
13,
2059,
1954,
6352,
350,
25151,
891,
29871,
29955,
3979,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29929,
891,
3462,
263,
461,
13,
1576,
10317,
363,
16738,
29892,
25453,
322,
390,
3631,
26049,
313,
3206,
336,
29897,
756,
6369,
967,
9281,
13964,
373,
278,
1353,
310,
11340,
29899,
2034,
3262,
5528,
16719,
10478,
491,
1887,
21142,
297,
5408,
515,
3786,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
304,
4779,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29929,
29889,
13,
7504,
3278,
304,
278,
716,
13994,
29892,
1887,
21142,
297,
5408,
316,
1997,
411,
975,
697,
7284,
11340,
29899,
2034,
3262,
5528,
16719,
297,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
29914,
29896,
29929,
785,
385,
9475,
639,
1644,
14451,
373,
278,
29871,
29929,
29929,
29947,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
5528,
16719,
8967,
297,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29955,
29914,
29896,
29947,
29889,
13,
29953,
29906,
639,
1644,
310,
11340,
29899,
2034,
567,
297,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
29914,
29896,
29929,
9701,
22329,
19863,
29892,
3704,
4628,
19548,
19863,
408,
1532,
408,
5518,
515,
3699,
470,
28453,
2821,
2925,
29892,
2030,
15252,
17252,
29892,
1559,
29886,
1691,
322,
278,
19863,
515,
2319,
29899,
7052,
22471,
29979,
1736,
29889,
1094,
297,
3517,
2440,
29892,
23952,
4110,
322,
25320,
9488,
278,
1556,
3619,
7600,
363,
11340,
29899,
2034,
3262,
304,
6403,
29889,
13,
7717,
21142,
8988,
714,
29871,
29946,
29929,
29929,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
24555,
13561,
8820,
297,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
29914,
29896,
29929,
29892,
385,
7910,
310,
29871,
29945,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
8820,
515,
1833,
1629,
29889,
450,
1353,
310,
4343,
27368,
451,
1575,
756,
5161,
264,
491,
29871,
29896,
29896,
639,
1644,
304,
29871,
29955,
29953,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
297,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
29914,
29896,
29929,
29892,
322,
278,
1353,
310,
1436,
267,
16610,
756,
11664,
491,
4832,
639,
1644,
29889,
13,
3206,
336,
12141,
287,
278,
13644,
310,
11705,
292,
11340,
29899,
2034,
3262,
848,
29892,
23659,
393,
278,
13994,
881,
367,
21551,
411,
2562,
408,
1784,
1887,
21142,
505,
525,
15033,
278,
982,
896,
10446,
322,
3461,
11340,
29899,
2034,
567,
975,
278,
4940,
2846,
2440,
6169,
13,
3206,
336,
884,
1370,
9571,
2750,
1513,
10230,
1546,
5375,
1887,
21142,
29892,
24232,
393,
278,
10868,
310,
11340,
29899,
2034,
3262,
508,
367,
28482,
491,
1784,
1422,
3651,
29892,
3704,
4665,
9027,
29892,
27261,
10961,
29892,
1261,
1946,
1199,
322,
844,
12811,
12049,
29889,
13,
7999,
3890,
21265,
346,
29892,
422,
1050,
1455,
14650,
15629,
363,
19863,
10643,
5001,
350,
2593,
29874,
29892,
19952,
29901,
376,
2887,
263,
11822,
297,
15075,
475,
519,
19863,
10643,
297,
278,
10261,
29892,
350,
2593,
29874,
316,
1338,
411,
11340,
29899,
2034,
3262,
5626,
373,
263,
14218,
8405,
29889,
512,
1749,
7271,
310,
16743,
411,
278,
1108,
29892,
278,
1556,
11828,
982,
304,
4505,
11340,
29899,
2034,
3262,
338,
304,
2125,
263,
8753,
4695,
2948,
29892,
1985,
411,
2613,
29883,
2719,
322,
5874,
17873,
304,
22002,
280,
278,
1108,
515,
599,
23619,
29889,
13,
29908,
7583,
368,
278,
2989,
6287,
310,
278,
1108,
338,
20871,
408,
278,
15834,
310,
11340,
29899,
2034,
3262,
373,
2024,
322,
12128,
2982,
338,
1568,
22622,
304,
16455,
344,
29889,
13,
29908,
2059,
5557,
292,
11340,
29899,
2034,
3262,
282,
5475,
515,
10231,
29892,
2305,
526,
3109,
5517,
304,
16766,
14051,
29890,
728,
373,
2246,
322,
29126,
4340,
304,
278,
1108,
29889,
1094,
760,
310,
1749,
1914,
1650,
363,
20330,
29892,
591,
3867,
350,
2593,
29874,
3118,
5594,
29892,
263,
4266,
3368,
2669,
607,
8128,
263,
10952,
2933,
304,
738,
11340,
29899,
2034,
3262,
6655,
29892,
4046,
292,
2319,
5626,
515,
14171,
2919,
2982,
640,
314,
3381,
5626,
29889,
1334,
29915,
645,
367,
19383,
445,
2472,
411,
5282,
336,
408,
1532,
304,
16226,
1009,
5925,
964,
6851,
363,
278,
2228,
1213,
13,
24288,
711,
11389,
1358,
29892,
28841,
15944,
310,
278,
16738,
284,
15538,
7993,
313,
2890,
29909,
511,
1497,
29901,
376,
1576,
8541,
2454,
1629,
29899,
265,
29899,
6360,
7910,
17845,
491,
5282,
336,
29915,
29879,
13964,
3867,
263,
18561,
4221,
362,
393,
11340,
29899,
2034,
3262,
297,
5408,
338,
714,
310,
2761,
29892,
472,
975,
263,
7284,
5528,
16719,
263,
1629,
29889,
13,
29908,
1576,
17568,
18161,
3438,
310,
445,
17268,
304,
12459,
29892,
472,
975,
15151,
29906,
29900,
29900,
7284,
263,
1629,
29892,
338,
3763,
443,
16044,
519,
29892,
322,
393,
29915,
29879,
1434,
278,
7934,
29892,
3109,
5948,
4323,
2164,
29892,
21544,
304,
278,
5177,
322,
1887,
23507,
526,
5545,
13,
29908,
1349,
968,
15982,
292,
13994,
526,
4340,
10757,
29892,
565,
738,
471,
3734,
29892,
310,
278,
5065,
5362,
817,
363,
901,
16424,
24555,
13561,
29892,
408,
1532,
408,
6728,
373,
716,
8898,
304,
11736,
278,
19863,
29899,
4287,
26536,
22384,
322,
14944,
7621,
14297,
23134,
29889,
10506,
15366,
1033,
451,
871,
1371,
3867,
5220,
292,
304,
2821,
701,
11340,
29899,
2034,
2986,
19863,
29892,
541,
884,
1371,
304,
3013,
15116,
19016,
714,
310,
1749,
17535,
29889,
13,
29908,
1349,
968,
15366,
881,
367,
6969,
491,
1532,
29899,
27159,
287,
7212,
800,
11531,
29879,
304,
12020,
3773,
8326,
404,
310,
278,
2228,
322,
304,
9801,
393,
22329,
414,
297,
3153,
2125,
7621,
23134,
363,
278,
19863,
896,
7738,
29889,
28609,
445,
338,
22002,
839,
2343,
373,
29892,
306,
8866,
591,
674,
6773,
304,
1074,
1438,
316,
2139,
292,
13964,
1213,
13,
29909,
7786,
3461,
515,
278,
16738,
29353,
313,
29923,
29909,
29897,
756,
2000,
373,
5381,
267,
304,
437,
901,
304,
10032,
27302,
19863,
6354,
29892,
10320,
12818,
393,
5528,
16719,
310,
10676,
21180,
918,
8581,
491,
1316,
6354,
750,
11664,
304,
29871,
29947,
29896,
297,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
9401,
304,
29871,
29945,
29896,
297,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29955,
29889,
13,
1576,
5874,
29915,
29879,
10325,
1591,
29881,
16738,
6682,
5134,
23505,
15366,
304,
22002,
280,
19863,
17268,
322,
427,
10118,
9418,
29899,
29880,
5171,
292,
10801,
29892,
2466,
445,
756,
1951,
19225,
2861,
304,
278,
23556,
918,
310,
13212,
29889,
13,
3492,
508,
1776,
278,
11340,
29899,
2034,
3262,
13964,
297,
2989,
373,
278,
5282,
336,
4700,
29889,
13,
18649,
29353,
7405,
1218,
2919,
29899,
7052,
11340,
29899
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| 0.035396 | -0.208665 | 1.062602 | 0.684046 |
I recently purchased the Wolfgang Plastic Headlight Cleaning system. I have a 2009 Honda Accord and my headlights needed some TLC. I detail my own cars and have wanted to try a Wolfgang product. It was on sale so I bought it. I printed off the instructions off the website and started. I used my cordless Rigid drill and followed the directions. I am very happy with his results. My buddy from work has really bad headlights and looking forward to tackling his.
I used this kit combined with my 3" buffer to restore 26 year old headlights. Minimum effort required and great results. Pictures speak for themselves.
This product was easy to use and worked as advertised. It didn't take me long to achieve the desired result. And I still have enough product left over for many more applications.
I was disappointed. My 2003 porsche headlights were hazy. I bought this hoping it would take care of the issue. The product fell short. Not sure it cut deep enough . I am considering return for refund. I have alway liked wolfgang products in the past.
ConsDid not remove haze in all areas.
OMG as good as new after using the kit!
ProsEasy to use! Ridiculously easy to use. You don�€™t even need a power drill to do it! A bargain compared to new lenses!!! Oh and don�€™t bother with the kits from the auto parts store. They don�€™t work anywhere as well as this kit. Don�€™t waste your hard-earned money. Buy this kit!!!
ConsI can�€™t think of one single con. What�€™s not to like?
I used it as soon as it arrived. Sure looks like it did the job as advertised.
Great product. Takes about 20 mins with taping to go through all 3 steps. High quality results.
I bought this kit in 2006 after we bought our 2004 Mazda MX5. I haven't used the headlight cleaner in quite some time and my lenses were becoming gray and foggy. After using this product 9 years later, the headlights look brand new.
Proseasy to use, straight forward, mini headlight polishing and application pads.
It took me just 15 mins to clean & polish my Dad's car headlamp. Work as advertised.
ProsThe 1st & 2nd step cleaner & polisher should come in bigger bottles.
Very easy to use and very effective (see pics). If you have anything other than light hazing, do not use a cordless drill. You need the power of an electric drill or polisher. Keep the components fairly thick and you will have rapid/better results. The vehicle in the pictures took several passes to get clear. It worked so well that I've already used it on another vehicle with similar results.
I used this kit on a 2003 Highlander. It works well and looks good for a little while. But not very long. The results are no better or longer-lasting than PlastX, and the PlastX is a whole lot less expensive.
Got this kit to use on the wife's car. Works great. Only thing that I was not sure about is how many times to use each step. Made a big difference in the lights.
This product worked great. Just like it said it would. I have done one car with the drill and one with a DA both came out great. BIG DIFFERENCE!!!!
I used this system on my Altima headlights which were badly hazed. I ended up doing 2 passes in a few month span and the results were night-and-day. The haze never came back, however after a few months, I would notice the yellowish discoloration come back. Maybe I didn't let the sealant dry completely before buffing. But the haze was completely removed and I was satisfied. If the headlights are badly damaged though, use the 3M restoration kit: works wonders.
AWSOME RESULTS ! As usual..Wolfgang products are as good as it comes ! Thanks AutoGeek's for carrying there complete line of products.
I used this kit 2 times, with very good results, i would recommend it. the only problem i have with the chemicals used is, the company doesn't sell in bulk like the diamonite kit.
I
|
[
306,
10325,
20848,
278,
19314,
1858,
6288,
12252,
4366,
315,
14044,
292,
1788,
29889,
306,
505,
263,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29929,
379,
14287,
4831,
536,
322,
590,
2343,
4366,
29879,
4312,
777,
323,
12182,
29889,
306,
9493,
590,
1914,
18647,
322,
505,
5131,
304,
1018,
263,
19314,
3234,
29889,
739,
471,
373,
14686,
577,
306,
18093,
372,
29889,
306,
13350,
1283,
278,
11994,
1283,
278,
4700,
322,
4687,
29889,
306,
1304,
590,
13793,
2222,
390,
335,
333,
4192,
453,
322,
5643,
278,
18112,
29889,
306,
626,
1407,
9796,
411,
670,
2582,
29889,
1619,
8619,
4518,
515,
664,
756,
2289,
4319,
2343,
4366,
29879,
322,
3063,
6375,
304,
22002,
1847,
670,
29889,
13,
29902,
1304,
445,
413,
277,
12420,
411,
590,
29871,
29941,
29908,
6835,
304,
17749,
29871,
29906,
29953,
1629,
2030,
2343,
4366,
29879,
29889,
3080,
12539,
7225,
3734,
322,
2107,
2582,
29889,
26069,
7726,
363,
6053,
29889,
13,
4013,
3234,
471,
4780,
304,
671,
322,
3796,
408,
18811,
3368,
29889,
739,
3282,
29915,
29873,
2125,
592,
1472,
304,
6176,
278,
7429,
1121,
29889,
1126,
306,
1603,
505,
3307,
3234,
2175,
975,
363,
1784,
901,
8324,
29889,
13,
29902,
471,
23451,
287,
29889,
1619,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29941,
1277,
5955,
2343,
4366,
29879,
892,
447,
1537,
29889,
306,
18093,
445,
17231,
372,
723,
2125,
2562,
310,
278,
2228,
29889,
450,
3234,
8379,
3273,
29889,
2216,
1854,
372,
5700,
6483,
3307,
869,
306,
626,
13858,
736,
363,
2143,
870,
29889,
306,
505,
394,
1582,
23289,
281,
4369,
8029,
9316,
297,
278,
4940,
29889,
13,
13696,
9260,
451,
3349,
447,
911,
297,
599,
10161,
29889,
13,
6488,
29954,
408,
1781,
408,
716,
1156,
773,
278,
413,
277,
29991,
13,
1184,
29879,
29923,
8995,
304,
671,
29991,
390,
333,
12906,
5794,
4780,
304,
671,
29889,
887,
1016,
30140,
30181,
30536,
29873,
1584,
817,
263,
3081,
4192,
453,
304,
437,
372,
29991,
319,
289,
1191,
475,
9401,
304,
716,
301,
11259,
21004,
6439,
322,
1016,
30140,
30181,
30536,
29873,
24738,
411,
278,
413,
1169,
515,
278,
4469,
5633,
3787,
29889,
2688,
1016,
30140,
30181,
30536,
29873,
664,
12214,
408,
1532,
408,
445,
413,
277,
29889,
3872,
30140,
30181,
30536,
29873,
19863,
596,
2898,
29899,
799,
9571,
6909,
29889,
5373,
29891,
445,
413,
277,
21004,
13,
13696,
29902,
508,
30140,
30181,
30536,
29873,
1348,
310,
697,
2323,
378,
29889,
1724,
30140,
30181,
30536,
29879,
451,
304,
763,
29973,
13,
29902,
1304,
372,
408,
4720,
408,
372,
11977,
29889,
18585,
3430,
763,
372,
1258,
278,
4982,
408,
18811,
3368,
29889,
13,
25120,
271,
3234,
29889,
323,
6926,
1048,
29871,
29906,
29900,
286,
1144,
411,
18751,
292,
304,
748,
1549,
599,
29871,
29941,
6576,
29889,
5057,
11029,
2582,
29889,
13,
29902,
18093,
445,
413,
277,
297,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29953,
1156,
591,
18093,
1749,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29946,
17326,
1388,
341,
29990,
29945,
29889,
306,
7359,
29915,
29873,
1304,
278,
2343,
4366,
27372,
297,
3755,
777,
931,
322,
590,
301,
11259,
892,
14171,
16749,
322,
16847,
1927,
29889,
2860,
773,
445,
3234,
29871,
29929,
2440,
2678,
29892,
278,
2343,
4366,
29879,
1106,
14982,
716,
29889,
13,
1184,
344,
8995,
304,
671,
29892,
7812,
6375,
29892,
20629,
2343,
4366,
1248,
14424,
322,
2280,
282,
7925,
29889,
13,
3112,
3614,
592,
925,
29871,
29896,
29945,
286,
1144,
304,
5941,
669,
1248,
728,
590,
360,
328,
29915,
29879,
1559,
2343,
29880,
1160,
29889,
5244,
408,
18811,
3368,
29889,
13,
1184,
29879,
1576,
29871,
29896,
303,
669,
29871,
29906,
299,
4331,
27372,
669,
1248,
22154,
881,
2041,
297,
16600,
18046,
793,
29889,
13,
29963,
708,
4780,
304,
671,
322,
1407,
11828,
313,
4149,
282,
1199,
467,
960,
366,
505,
3099,
916,
1135,
3578,
447,
19583,
29892,
437,
451,
671,
263,
13793,
2222,
4192,
453,
29889,
887,
817,
278,
3081,
310,
385,
12646,
4192,
453,
470,
1248,
22154,
29889,
19152,
278,
7117,
12558,
12003,
322,
366,
674,
505,
10952,
29914,
6878,
357,
2582,
29889,
450,
19716,
297,
278,
14956,
3614,
3196,
14517,
304,
679,
2821,
29889,
739,
3796,
577,
1532,
393,
306,
29915,
345,
2307,
1304,
372,
373,
1790,
19716,
411,
2788,
2582,
29889,
13,
29902,
1304,
445,
413,
277,
373,
263,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29941,
5057,
1049,
261,
29889,
739,
1736,
1532,
322,
3430,
1781,
363,
263,
2217,
1550,
29889,
1205,
451,
1407,
1472,
29889,
450,
2582,
526,
694,
2253,
470,
5520,
29899,
4230,
292,
1135,
1858,
579,
29990,
29892,
322,
278,
1858,
579,
29990,
338,
263,
3353,
3287,
3109,
19390,
29889,
13,
29954,
327,
445,
413,
277,
304,
671,
373,
278,
6532,
29915,
29879,
1559,
29889,
13976,
2107,
29889,
9333,
2655,
393,
306,
471,
451,
1854,
1048,
338,
920,
1784,
3064,
304,
671,
1269,
4331,
29889,
18266,
263,
4802,
4328,
297,
278,
26068,
29889,
13,
4013,
3234,
3796,
2107,
29889,
3387,
763,
372,
1497,
372,
723,
29889,
306,
505,
2309,
697,
1559,
411,
278,
4192,
453,
322,
697,
411,
263,
21330,
1716,
2996,
714,
2107,
29889,
350,
6259,
22471,
28483,
1430,
4741,
6824,
6824,
13,
29902,
1304,
445,
1788,
373,
590,
10790,
2946,
2343,
4366,
29879,
607,
892,
28042,
447,
24688,
29889,
306,
9698,
701,
2599,
29871,
29906,
14517,
297,
263,
2846,
4098,
10638,
322,
278,
2582,
892,
4646,
29899,
392,
29899,
3250,
29889,
450,
447,
911,
2360,
2996,
1250,
29892,
3138,
1156,
263,
2846,
7378,
29892,
306,
723,
8369,
278,
13328,
728,
766,
2780,
362,
2041,
1250,
29889,
7198,
306,
3282,
29915,
29873,
1235,
278,
409,
284,
424,
15589,
6446,
1434,
20487,
292,
29889,
1205,
278,
447,
911,
471,
6446,
6206,
322,
306,
471,
15787,
29889,
960,
278,
2343,
4366,
29879,
526,
28042,
5625,
4063,
2466,
29892,
671,
278,
29871,
29941,
29924,
1791,
12418,
413,
277,
29901,
1736,
281,
18452,
29889,
13,
29376,
6156,
2303,
390,
2890,
8647,
29903,
1738,
1094,
9670,
636,
29956,
4369,
8029,
9316,
526,
408,
1781,
408,
372,
5304,
1738,
1834,
11133,
7999,
1416,
29915,
29879,
363,
19436,
727,
4866,
1196,
310,
9316,
29889,
13,
29902,
1304,
445,
413,
277,
29871,
29906,
3064,
29892,
411,
1407,
1781,
2582,
29892,
474,
723,
6907,
372,
29889,
278,
871,
1108,
474,
505,
411,
278,
22233,
29879,
1304,
338,
29892,
278,
5001,
1838,
29915,
29873,
19417,
297,
21610,
763,
278,
11502,
265,
568,
413,
277,
29889,
13,
29902
] | 1,024 |
C4
| -0.750514 | -1.76694 | -1.110784 | -0.749455 |
Guerlain (Герлен, Герлэн) — один из старейших в мире домов парфюмерии, основанный в 1828 году Пьером Франсуа Паскалем Герленом.
С 1994 года исключительное право на использование бренда Guerlain принадлежит корпорации Louis Vuitton Moet Hennessy.
История
Парфюмерный дом Guerlain был основан в 1828 году Пьером Франсуа Паскалем Герленом, французом, получившим химическое образование в Англии. Сначала этот парфюмерный дом существовал как аптечный магазин, в подвалах которого Герлен смешивал свои ароматы. Клиентами были немногие, но достаточно известные люди, среди которых Оноре Бальзак и Наполеон III, ко дню свадьбы которого был специально создан одеколон Eau de Cologne Impériale. Позже Герлен создавал ароматы для королев Виктории и Изабеллы II Испанской.
Пьер Франсуа Герлен умер в 1864 году.
Фирму наследовали его сыновья Эме и Габриэль Герлен. Эме Герлен поднимает семейный бизнес на новый уровень, один за другим выпуская успешные ароматы, в то время как Габриэль занимался менеджментом. Деятельность Эме Герлена отмечена парфюмерными достижениями, которые получили широкую известность; это Fleur d'Italie (1884), Rococo (1887) и Eau de Cologne du Coq (1894)
В 1910 году Эме Герлен умер, компанию в наследство получили сыновья Габриэля Жак и Пьер. Пьеру достается коммерческая составляющая, а Жак берет на себя составление ароматов. За время существования дома под управлением Жака и Пьера семейный бизнес процветает, интернализируется и популяризируется. Guerlain начинает создавать парфюм для звезд кино и эстрады, а также организует продажи своей продукции по всему миру.
Жак Герлен умер в 1956 году и пост главы компании занял его внук, Жан-Поль Герлен, под руководством которого компания превращается во всемирно известный бренд.
В 1994 году Жан-Поль Герлен продал компанию мега-корпорации роскоши LVMH, которая владеет брендом Guerlain и по сей день. Ещё 8 лет после продажи Ж.-П. Герлен продолжал создавать ароматы, параллельно с группой новых молодых парфюмеров. «Однако с продажей многое изменилось, и в первую очередь — ритм. Если раньше Герлен никуда не спешил и каждую новинку готовил несколько лет, то теперь в одном лишь 1999 г. на рынок было выброшено девять ароматов, многие из которых — limited edition, то есть изначально рассчитаны не на вечность, а на сиюминутный спрос»
Жан-Поль Герлен уволился из своей компании в 2002 году.
Характеристика
Ольга Вайнштейн так описывает основные принципы Дома Guerlain в создании ароматов:
Герленовские композиции никогда не бывают вычурными, "навороченными": их составляющие не "играют в прятки" и не заслоняют друг друга, поскольку их немного. К примеру, в духах "Наэма" ("Nahema"), которые в 1979 г. парфюмер посвятил своей любимой актрисе Катрин Денев, всего две
|
[
8911,
7420,
313,
30040,
780,
2510,
29892,
14281,
29944,
20451,
29897,
30081,
30003,
15515,
1866,
2591,
10786,
9994,
490,
4157,
587,
1447,
10556,
7596,
30011,
30005,
1488,
5887,
29892,
8838,
745,
2370,
490,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29906,
29947,
3294,
971,
12295,
4416,
9958,
2937,
29910,
5390,
2494,
10577,
14281,
753,
2815,
29889,
13,
13,
30008,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29946,
2336,
606,
6231,
2583,
1499,
2584,
5209,
13728,
665,
17442,
1755,
836,
5719,
840,
8911,
7420,
1695,
13385,
753,
1969,
29932,
13511,
1268,
494,
3540,
5899,
478,
3121,
880,
4546,
300,
379,
2108,
404,
29891,
29889,
13,
13,
30054,
1578,
4941,
29871,
13,
13,
30013,
1515,
30011,
30005,
5508,
2370,
1447,
29959,
8911,
7420,
4601,
8838,
745,
490,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29906,
29947,
3294,
971,
12295,
4416,
9958,
2937,
29910,
5390,
2494,
10577,
14281,
753,
2815,
29892,
16201,
15438,
29892,
12052,
6687,
29959,
18384,
13584,
7757,
16362,
1755,
490,
6190,
16796,
29917,
29889,
857,
19458,
684,
28029,
7596,
30011,
30005,
5508,
2370,
1447,
29959,
19391,
26684,
5413,
1097,
29964,
730,
19705,
2394,
1779,
22745,
29892,
490,
3693,
14906,
29988,
23913,
14281,
2510,
531,
1488,
1911,
18289,
26348,
1097,
16971,
3327,
29889,
1069,
644,
656,
14331,
8436,
1538,
29959,
570,
1892,
29919,
29892,
4228,
1447,
1229,
702,
4913,
14292,
3029,
28995,
29892,
19927,
18662,
1651,
570,
587,
1386,
4393,
1902,
29951,
606,
2372,
1268,
753,
2031,
4786,
29892,
1046,
662,
11128,
531,
846,
10826,
6326,
23913,
4601,
29477,
570,
1778,
29972,
6798,
614,
1216,
12202,
29921,
382,
585,
316,
315,
13835,
14305,
4894,
744,
29889,
2195,
29972,
1498,
14281,
2510,
14507,
18289,
1097,
16971,
3327,
3807,
10210,
18226,
4491,
18576,
5887,
606,
2081,
1902,
3759,
29944,
5985,
1944,
23695,
10328,
2641,
29889,
29871,
13,
13,
30013,
29978,
780,
9958,
2937,
29910,
14281,
2510,
863,
5508,
490,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29953,
29946,
3294,
29889,
13,
30061,
29917,
29927,
1805,
665,
12153,
644,
5686,
14295,
2835,
14252,
4767,
1488,
606,
8544,
15035,
30051,
693,
14281,
2510,
29889,
4767,
1488,
14281,
2510,
3693,
7949,
1257,
25640,
2370,
5660,
22651,
29935,
665,
13074,
11767,
23155,
8358,
29892,
15515,
1077,
7563,
29959,
16840,
4484,
19823,
30002,
3029,
1097,
16971,
3327,
29892,
490,
2721,
8409,
5413,
8544,
15035,
30051,
693,
18812,
4633,
27324,
11622,
2387,
4816,
29889,
8043,
29970,
2584,
6122,
4767,
1488,
14281,
14275,
28032,
1093,
477,
7596,
30011,
30005,
5508,
8535,
23118,
11268,
989,
29892,
15261,
12052,
644,
24069,
1382,
30005,
14292,
6122,
29936,
6408,
13859,
332,
270,
29915,
28314,
313,
29896,
29947,
29947,
29946,
511,
25111,
6235,
313,
29896,
29947,
29947,
29955,
29897,
606,
382,
585,
316,
315,
13835,
868,
3189,
29939,
313,
29896,
29947,
29929,
29946,
29897,
13,
13,
30012,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29896,
29900,
3294,
4767,
1488,
14281,
2510,
863,
5508,
29892,
16944,
7506,
490,
665,
6481,
3501,
12052,
644,
14295,
2835,
14252,
8544,
15035,
30051,
1225,
7007,
29910,
29951,
606,
971,
29978,
780,
29889,
971,
29978,
19241,
1447,
1229,
4364,
5294,
5508,
25656,
13227,
30005,
19485,
29892,
1097,
7007,
29910,
29951,
11397,
29932,
665,
24716,
7923,
6195,
1097,
16971,
4820,
29889,
3982,
8409,
19391,
10666,
1587,
19794,
3693,
14548,
27414,
7007,
29910,
642,
606,
971,
12295,
494,
25640,
2370,
5660,
22651,
29935,
1471,
29996,
1521,
676,
1257,
29892,
25827,
477,
644,
1916,
1086,
4364,
606,
21440,
1225,
641,
1916,
1086,
4364,
29889,
8911,
7420,
665,
14005,
1257,
14507,
24058,
7596,
30011,
30005,
29959,
3807,
754,
9975,
29957,
20750,
606,
2352,
5242,
4184,
29892,
1097,
6517,
12363,
3923,
1257,
26698,
1969,
21530,
23092,
29951,
3540,
733,
6495,
1805,
4157,
1086,
29889,
13,
13,
30100,
29910,
29951,
14281,
2510,
863,
5508,
490,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29945,
29953,
3294,
606,
733,
464,
17585,
4938,
16944,
3849,
23124,
29944,
5686,
490,
1864,
29951,
29892,
7007,
745,
29899,
20093,
693,
14281,
2510,
29892,
3693,
18738,
29957,
14754,
23913,
16944,
1587,
2102,
18524,
4826,
4364,
1786,
6495,
10971,
570,
14292,
2370,
836,
5719,
29957,
29889,
13,
13,
30012,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29946,
3294,
7007,
745,
29899,
20093,
693,
14281,
2510,
26698,
29944,
16944,
7506,
2508,
1779,
29899,
16848,
1268,
494,
3540,
1561,
1130,
1911,
365,
9219,
29950,
29892,
21105,
8672,
1216,
1257,
836,
5719,
8418,
8911,
7420,
606,
733,
1586,
29977,
22763,
29889,
3337,
18141,
29871,
29947,
10975,
9017,
26698,
1969,
7007,
9229,
30013,
29889,
14281,
2510,
20646,
2711,
29944,
14507,
24058,
1097,
16971,
3327,
29892,
19714,
9997,
11372,
531,
10841,
1268,
29977,
13074,
9240,
14908,
4184,
29988,
7596,
30011,
30005,
5508,
516,
29889,
859,
30038,
8987,
551,
531,
26698,
1498,
29977,
15169,
29919,
1866,
10950,
8641,
29892,
606,
490,
4651,
5944,
30005,
614,
1093,
4715,
29978,
30081,
30003,
12591,
29932,
29959,
29889,
3337,
12068,
1345,
5392,
2237,
14281,
2510,
7380,
1382,
840,
1538,
10707,
1911,
29944,
606,
1787,
8784,
30005,
6968,
21729,
1382,
1084,
29932,
1928,
29944,
20846,
10975,
29892,
2721,
2399,
7043,
29978,
490,
3288,
2815,
3550,
25366,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29929,
30081,
29969,
29889,
665,
25853,
13738,
8573,
2771,
20176,
2237,
570,
2263,
5543,
1413,
1097,
16971,
4820,
29892,
23571,
29919,
1866,
18662,
30081,
30003,
9078,
12203,
29892,
2721,
12795,
1866,
19458,
11372,
7421,
29935,
18790,
933,
1538,
665,
3340,
4913,
2321,
29892,
1097,
665,
3485,
30005,
989,
18313,
2370,
531,
5945,
29935,
30007,
13,
30100,
745,
29899,
20093,
693,
14281,
2510,
863,
984,
644,
4633,
1866,
21530,
16944,
3849,
490,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29906,
3294,
29889,
13,
13,
30068,
29910,
10006,
8747,
1415,
642,
29871,
13,
13,
30038,
693,
1779,
6581,
12304,
27626,
12304,
4553,
614,
1668,
5551,
20120,
8838,
3029,
1695,
11754,
8384,
6546,
1155,
8911,
7420,
490,
14507,
3849,
1097,
16971,
4820,
29901,
13,
14281,
2510,
516,
6792,
22295,
3540,
7380,
551,
9077,
1538,
2188,
846,
4394,
2771,
29981,
5179,
8535,
29892,
376,
477,
984,
576,
4896,
8535,
1115,
11244,
13227,
17648,
1538,
376,
25087,
4394,
490,
23380,
13921,
29908,
606,
1538,
1077,
15391,
1200,
4394,
4849,
29969,
4849,
1779,
29892,
733,
1130,
693,
1382,
11244,
1538,
29959,
1868,
29889,
1069,
1695,
5508,
29960,
29892,
490,
9023,
3369,
29988,
376,
19193,
30051,
1155,
29908,
4852,
29940,
801,
2603,
4968,
15261,
490,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29955,
29929,
30081,
29969,
29889,
7596,
30011,
30005,
5508,
10038,
5543,
26765,
21530,
6331,
2384,
16574,
20681,
641,
1502,
3397,
7678,
29921,
1453,
656,
4020,
29892,
26566,
20880
] | 1,024 |
Wikipedia
| 0.19774 | -0.378959 | -0.590805 | -0.974208 |
Share your child's cute, scary or clever Halloween costumes
We will feature photos of local children dressed up as furry critters, princesses, superheroes and other holiday favorites.
Share your child's cute, scary or clever Halloween costumes We will feature photos of local children dressed up as furry critters, princesses, superheroes and other holiday favorites. Check out this story on postcrescent.com: https://www.postcrescent.com/story/entertainment/2019/10/31/halloween-photos-share-your-childs-cute-scary-clever-costumes/4108132002/
Jordan Tilkens, Appleton Post-Crescent Published 9:36 a.m. CT Oct. 31, 2019
Boo! It's Halloween!
Diane Gerlach waves at passing drivers as she waits for trick-or-treaters on Halloween Wednesday, October 31, 2018, in Appleton, Wis. Ron Page/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Ron Page/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
It's Halloween and trick-or-treaters (from left to right) Kate VanderLoop, Megan Conway, Adeline Brzozowski, and Lilli Bird have a laugh as they head to another house Wednesday, October 31, 2018, in Appleton, Wis. Ron Page/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Ron Page/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Pirate crew Michael and Chrissie Stevens trick or treat with Jaxson on Halloween Wednesday, October 31, 2018, in Appleton, Wis. Ron Page/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Ron Page/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
It's Halloween and trick-or-treating takes place Wednesday, October 31, 2018, in Appleton, Wis. Ron Page/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Ron Page/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Brian Kemp has his house decorated for the big day as he passes out candy to trick-or-treaters Wednesday, October 31, 2018, in Appleton, Wis. Ron Page/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Ron Page/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Scott Littles has his house ready for trick-or-treaters Wednesday, October 31, 2018, in Appleton, Wis. Ron Page/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Ron Page/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Laura Biskupic gets a photo of trick-or-treaters Wednesday, October 31, 2018, in Appleton, Wis. Ron Page/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Ron Page/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Owen Vandenberg (front) and Logan Walters approach a spooky house as they trick or treat Wednesday, October 31, 2018, in Appleton, Wis. Ron Page/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Ron Page/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
It's Halloween and trick-or-treaters figure out where to go next Wednesday, October 31, 2018, in Appleton, Wis. Ron Page/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Ron Page/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Brian Kemp has his house decorated for the big day as trick-or-treaters look at the decorations Wednesday, October 31, 2018, in Appleton, Wis. Ron Page/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Ron Page/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Brian Kemp has his house decorated for the big day Wednesday, October 31, 2018, in Appleton, Wis. Ron Page/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Ron Page/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
It's
|
[
26849,
596,
2278,
29915,
29879,
274,
1082,
29892,
885,
653,
470,
23455,
6573,
4657,
264,
3438,
9351,
13,
4806,
674,
4682,
20612,
310,
1887,
4344,
27121,
701,
408,
3261,
719,
3994,
2153,
29892,
12456,
985,
267,
29892,
2428,
29882,
1489,
267,
322,
916,
8753,
22394,
7853,
3246,
29889,
13,
2713,
598,
596,
2278,
29915,
29879,
274,
1082,
29892,
885,
653,
470,
23455,
6573,
4657,
264,
3438,
9351,
1334,
674,
4682,
20612,
310,
1887,
4344,
27121,
701,
408,
3261,
719,
3994,
2153,
29892,
12456,
985,
267,
29892,
2428,
29882,
1489,
267,
322,
916,
8753,
22394,
7853,
3246,
29889,
5399,
714,
445,
5828,
373,
1400,
29883,
690,
1760,
29889,
510,
29901,
2045,
597,
1636,
29889,
2490,
29883,
690,
1760,
29889,
510,
29914,
24098,
29914,
296,
13946,
358,
29914,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29929,
29914,
29896,
29900,
29914,
29941,
29896,
29914,
27090,
4657,
264,
29899,
561,
15788,
29899,
13653,
29899,
8066,
29899,
5145,
29879,
29899,
29883,
1082,
29899,
1557,
653,
29899,
2841,
369,
29899,
18253,
9351,
29914,
29946,
29896,
29900,
29947,
29896,
29941,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29906,
29914,
13,
29967,
536,
273,
323,
309,
12360,
29892,
2401,
11285,
4918,
29899,
29907,
690,
1760,
8042,
3726,
29871,
29929,
29901,
29941,
29953,
263,
29889,
29885,
29889,
26637,
4756,
29889,
29871,
29941,
29896,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29929,
13,
29933,
3634,
29991,
739,
29915,
29879,
6573,
4657,
264,
29991,
13,
29928,
16677,
5681,
22617,
20037,
472,
6819,
18563,
408,
1183,
11324,
1169,
363,
8938,
29899,
272,
29899,
2484,
10412,
373,
6573,
4657,
264,
15050,
4515,
3250,
29892,
5533,
29871,
29941,
29896,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
29892,
297,
2401,
11285,
29892,
15756,
29889,
11546,
9305,
29914,
27019,
7495,
28658,
405,
2544,
11686,
29968,
29899,
29956,
275,
21123,
11546,
9305,
29914,
27019,
7495,
28658,
405,
2544,
11686,
29968,
29899,
29956,
275,
21123,
13,
3112,
29915,
29879,
6573,
4657,
264,
322,
8938,
29899,
272,
29899,
2484,
10412,
313,
3166,
2175,
304,
1492,
29897,
23738,
478,
3825,
18405,
29892,
13727,
273,
1281,
1582,
29892,
2087,
5570,
1771,
29920,
2112,
11716,
29892,
322,
365,
12840,
17777,
505,
263,
10569,
408,
896,
2343,
304,
1790,
3699,
15050,
4515,
3250,
29892,
5533,
29871,
29941,
29896,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
29892,
297,
2401,
11285,
29892,
15756,
29889,
11546,
9305,
29914,
27019,
7495,
28658,
405,
2544,
11686,
29968,
29899,
29956,
275,
21123,
11546,
9305,
29914,
27019,
7495,
28658,
405,
2544,
11686,
29968,
29899,
29956,
275,
21123,
13,
29925,
381,
403,
17616,
5765,
322,
18608,
790,
347,
26287,
8938,
470,
7539,
411,
435,
1165,
1100,
373,
6573,
4657,
264,
15050,
4515,
3250,
29892,
5533,
29871,
29941,
29896,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
29892,
297,
2401,
11285,
29892,
15756,
29889,
11546,
9305,
29914,
27019,
7495,
28658,
405,
2544,
11686,
29968,
29899,
29956,
275,
21123,
11546,
9305,
29914,
27019,
7495,
28658,
405,
2544,
11686,
29968,
29899,
29956,
275,
21123,
13,
3112,
29915,
29879,
6573,
4657,
264,
322,
8938,
29899,
272,
29899,
2484,
1218,
4893,
2058,
15050,
4515,
3250,
29892,
5533,
29871,
29941,
29896,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
29892,
297,
2401,
11285,
29892,
15756,
29889,
11546,
9305,
29914,
27019,
7495,
28658,
405,
2544,
11686,
29968,
29899,
29956,
275,
21123,
11546,
9305,
29914,
27019,
7495,
28658,
405,
2544,
11686,
29968,
29899,
29956,
275,
21123,
13,
29933,
6392,
476,
3451,
756,
670,
3699,
10200,
630,
363,
278,
4802,
2462,
408,
540,
14517,
714,
274,
13910,
304,
8938,
29899,
272,
29899,
2484,
10412,
15050,
4515,
3250,
29892,
5533,
29871,
29941,
29896,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
29892,
297,
2401,
11285,
29892,
15756,
29889,
11546,
9305,
29914,
27019,
7495,
28658,
405,
2544,
11686,
29968,
29899,
29956,
275,
21123,
11546,
9305,
29914,
27019,
7495,
28658,
405,
2544,
11686,
29968,
29899,
29956,
275,
21123,
13,
4421,
1501,
365,
986,
793,
756,
670,
3699,
7960,
363,
8938,
29899,
272,
29899,
2484,
10412,
15050,
4515,
3250,
29892,
5533,
29871,
29941,
29896,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
29892,
297,
2401,
11285,
29892,
15756,
29889,
11546,
9305,
29914,
27019,
7495,
28658,
405,
2544,
11686,
29968,
29899,
29956,
275,
21123,
11546,
9305,
29914,
27019,
7495,
28658,
405,
2544,
11686,
29968,
29899,
29956,
275,
21123,
13,
5661,
2002,
350,
3873,
786,
293,
4947,
263,
15373,
310,
8938,
29899,
272,
29899,
2484,
10412,
15050,
4515,
3250,
29892,
5533,
29871,
29941,
29896,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
29892,
297,
2401,
11285,
29892,
15756,
29889,
11546,
9305,
29914,
27019,
7495,
28658,
405,
2544,
11686,
29968,
29899,
29956,
275,
21123,
11546,
9305,
29914,
27019,
7495,
28658,
405,
2544,
11686,
29968,
29899,
29956,
275,
21123,
13,
29949,
15556,
478,
7257,
2552,
313,
8862,
29897,
322,
4522,
273,
5260,
2153,
2948,
263,
805,
2550,
29891,
3699,
408,
896,
8938,
470,
7539,
15050,
4515,
3250,
29892,
5533,
29871,
29941,
29896,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
29892,
297,
2401,
11285,
29892,
15756,
29889,
11546,
9305,
29914,
27019,
7495,
28658,
405,
2544,
11686,
29968,
29899,
29956,
275,
21123,
11546,
9305,
29914,
27019,
7495,
28658,
405,
2544,
11686,
29968,
29899,
29956,
275,
21123,
13,
3112,
29915,
29879,
6573,
4657,
264,
322,
8938,
29899,
272,
29899,
2484,
10412,
4377,
714,
988,
304,
748,
2446,
15050,
4515,
3250,
29892,
5533,
29871,
29941,
29896,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
29892,
297,
2401,
11285,
29892,
15756,
29889,
11546,
9305,
29914,
27019,
7495,
28658,
405,
2544,
11686,
29968,
29899,
29956,
275,
21123,
11546,
9305,
29914,
27019,
7495,
28658,
405,
2544,
11686,
29968,
29899,
29956,
275,
21123,
13,
29933,
6392,
476,
3451,
756,
670,
3699,
10200,
630,
363,
278,
4802,
2462,
408,
8938,
29899,
272,
29899,
2484,
10412,
1106,
472,
278,
10200,
800,
15050,
4515,
3250,
29892,
5533,
29871,
29941,
29896,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
29892,
297,
2401,
11285,
29892,
15756,
29889,
11546,
9305,
29914,
27019,
7495,
28658,
405,
2544,
11686,
29968,
29899,
29956,
275,
21123,
11546,
9305,
29914,
27019,
7495,
28658,
405,
2544,
11686,
29968,
29899,
29956,
275,
21123,
13,
29933,
6392,
476,
3451,
756,
670,
3699,
10200,
630,
363,
278,
4802,
2462,
15050,
4515,
3250,
29892,
5533,
29871,
29941,
29896,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
29892,
297,
2401,
11285,
29892,
15756,
29889,
11546,
9305,
29914,
27019,
7495,
28658,
405,
2544,
11686,
29968,
29899,
29956,
275,
21123,
11546,
9305,
29914,
27019,
7495,
28658,
405,
2544,
11686,
29968,
29899,
29956,
275,
21123,
13,
3112,
29915,
29879
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| -1.346909 | -2.88563 | -1.677443 | -2.154338 |
Book Coaching Speaking Workshops Speak With Us
Most Recent Beyond Hazing Book Summaries Building Heroes Challenge the Status Quo Confront your Fears Change your World Heroic Arts Hero's Journey Resources Workplace
Home Blog Most Recent Beyond Hazing Book Summaries Building Heroes Challenge the Status Quo Confront your Fears Change your World Heroic Arts Hero's Journey Resources Workplace BookCoachingSpeakingWorkshopsSpeak With Us
I believe in Delta Gamma: My three lessons from the Delta Gamma Institute
From Thursday, February 13th through Sunday, February 16th, I had the distinct pleasure of facilitating at the Delta Gamma Institute in Columbus, OH, where thousands of women from across the United States gathered to hone their leadership skills and advance Delta Gamma's mission and values.
Although the Institute is targeted for undergraduate women, I couldn't help but take away three leadership lessons of my own.
Lesson #1: "People don't care how much you know until they know how much you care." -Theodore Roosevelt
At the beginning of the Institute, I found a number of people asking me how I came to present at a leadership institute where the five male facilitators were outnumbered by women by an approximate 1:200 ratio.
I oftentimes stumbled over a response about the number of Delta Gamma women I count among my friends, mentors, and colleagues, or about my experiences partnering with Delta Gamma in the past, but I missed the bigger picture. These women didn't care who I knew or who I was or what I had done; they wanted to know that I believed in Delta Gamma, and by extension, that I believed in them.
Lesson #2: "If you think you can do a thing or think you can't do a thing, you're right." -Henry Ford
At lunch on Saturday, I heard Megan, a student from the University of Minnesota, inspire hundreds of women with her personal story of commitment, courage, dedication, leadership, and strength. The hallways and the meeting rooms were abuzz for hours after she shared her story.
However, that night, I facilitated a small group where students were encouraged to share ideas about challenges in their chapters and communities. I was struck by one woman who was struggling with implementing a new policy within her community. She said, "I can't tell my women what they can and can't do."
I happen to know a little about that woman's community, and how far they have come in the last 12 years, and I shared that perspective with her. She doesn't have to perform miracles, I told her, but it is up to her to keep things moving in a positive direction.
We are our own greatest inhibitors. Before we can do anything, we have to believe we can do it.
Lesson #3: "There are no limits. There are only plateaus, and you must not stay there, you must go beyond them." -Bruce Lee
It is easy to go on auto-pilot, to participate in an incredible, inspiring experience such as the Delta Gamma Institute, and then return home to our everyday lives, where we are consumed by our daily to-do lists and the drama of our everyday lives.
I think about all of the time and energy that countless Delta Gamma staff and volunteers poured into this experience, and my hope is that it makes a difference, not because Delta Gamma is in dire need of change or improvement, because it is an exceptional organization.
My hope is that the Institute makes a difference because Delta Gamma, all the way to each of its individual members, has the potential to be even better tomorrow than it was today.
I believe in Delta Gamma.
Fraternal ValuesChad Ellsworth February 16, 2015 Fraternity/Sorority
You are powerful, by Tracy Maxwell
Confront your Fears, Personal ValuesTracy Maxwell March 24, 2015 Heart of Courage (2nd Heroic Art), Rock of Strength (3rd Heroic Art), Everyday Heroes
What you would do if you really wanted to prevent hazing
Beyond Hazing, Challenge the Status QuoChad Ellsworth September 30, 2014 Beyond Hazing, Heroic Team (6th Heroic Art), Fraternity/S
|
[
6726,
3189,
9733,
5013,
5086,
5244,
845,
3554,
5013,
557,
2973,
10783,
13,
29924,
520,
3599,
296,
18502,
898,
25606,
292,
6726,
6991,
3034,
583,
17166,
22167,
267,
27211,
278,
16034,
751,
29877,
1281,
8862,
596,
383,
15451,
10726,
596,
2787,
22167,
293,
11401,
22167,
29915,
29879,
435,
473,
3801,
27562,
5244,
6689,
13,
11184,
350,
1188,
7849,
3599,
296,
18502,
898,
25606,
292,
6726,
6991,
3034,
583,
17166,
22167,
267,
27211,
278,
16034,
751,
29877,
1281,
8862,
596,
383,
15451,
10726,
596,
2787,
22167,
293,
11401,
22167,
29915,
29879,
435,
473,
3801,
27562,
5244,
6689,
6726,
7967,
9733,
10649,
5086,
5531,
845,
3554,
10649,
557,
2973,
10783,
13,
29902,
4658,
297,
360,
2554,
402,
2735,
29901,
1619,
2211,
3109,
787,
515,
278,
360,
2554,
402,
2735,
8907,
13,
4591,
498,
1295,
3250,
29892,
6339,
29871,
29896,
29941,
386,
1549,
16340,
29892,
6339,
29871,
29896,
29953,
386,
29892,
306,
750,
278,
8359,
15377,
310,
16089,
277,
1218,
472,
278,
360,
2554,
402,
2735,
8907,
297,
11990,
375,
29892,
438,
29950,
29892,
988,
17202,
310,
5866,
515,
4822,
278,
3303,
3900,
22229,
304,
298,
650,
1009,
26001,
25078,
322,
6564,
360,
2554,
402,
2735,
29915,
29879,
10655,
322,
1819,
29889,
13,
2499,
3592,
278,
8907,
338,
3646,
287,
363,
1090,
5105,
27240,
5866,
29892,
306,
8496,
29915,
29873,
1371,
541,
2125,
3448,
2211,
26001,
3109,
787,
310,
590,
1914,
29889,
13,
29931,
404,
265,
396,
29896,
29901,
376,
15666,
1991,
1016,
29915,
29873,
2562,
920,
1568,
366,
1073,
2745,
896,
1073,
920,
1568,
366,
2562,
1213,
448,
1576,
29221,
1528,
852,
955,
29873,
13,
4178,
278,
6763,
310,
278,
8907,
29892,
306,
1476,
263,
1353,
310,
2305,
6721,
592,
920,
306,
2996,
304,
2198,
472,
263,
26001,
832,
12356,
988,
278,
5320,
14263,
16089,
277,
4097,
892,
714,
4537,
287,
491,
5866,
491,
385,
26368,
29871,
29896,
29901,
29906,
29900,
29900,
11959,
29889,
13,
29902,
18941,
296,
1355,
380,
25443,
975,
263,
2933,
1048,
278,
1353,
310,
360,
2554,
402,
2735,
5866,
306,
2302,
4249,
590,
7875,
29892,
6042,
943,
29892,
322,
23056,
21628,
29892,
470,
1048,
590,
27482,
18096,
292,
411,
360,
2554,
402,
2735,
297,
278,
4940,
29892,
541,
306,
13726,
278,
16600,
7623,
29889,
4525,
5866,
3282,
29915,
29873,
2562,
1058,
306,
6363,
470,
1058,
306,
471,
470,
825,
306,
750,
2309,
29936,
896,
5131,
304,
1073,
393,
306,
13112,
297,
360,
2554,
402,
2735,
29892,
322,
491,
6081,
29892,
393,
306,
13112,
297,
963,
29889,
13,
29931,
404,
265,
396,
29906,
29901,
376,
3644,
366,
1348,
366,
508,
437,
263,
2655,
470,
1348,
366,
508,
29915,
29873,
437,
263,
2655,
29892,
366,
29915,
276,
1492,
1213,
448,
24030,
719,
14601,
13,
4178,
301,
3322,
373,
24211,
29892,
306,
6091,
13727,
273,
29892,
263,
8368,
515,
278,
3014,
310,
20994,
29892,
8681,
533,
21006,
310,
5866,
411,
902,
7333,
5828,
310,
9063,
358,
29892,
19872,
29892,
8856,
362,
29892,
26001,
29892,
322,
9324,
29889,
450,
12713,
1994,
322,
278,
11781,
19600,
892,
633,
18813,
363,
6199,
1156,
1183,
7258,
902,
5828,
29889,
13,
17245,
29892,
393,
4646,
29892,
306,
16089,
22731,
263,
2319,
2318,
988,
8041,
892,
18443,
287,
304,
6232,
7014,
1048,
18066,
267,
297,
1009,
10708,
2153,
322,
23507,
29889,
306,
471,
15469,
491,
697,
6114,
1058,
471,
20042,
411,
16049,
263,
716,
8898,
2629,
902,
7881,
29889,
2296,
1497,
29892,
376,
29902,
508,
29915,
29873,
2649,
590,
5866,
825,
896,
508,
322,
508,
29915,
29873,
437,
1213,
13,
29902,
3799,
304,
1073,
263,
2217,
1048,
393,
6114,
29915,
29879,
7881,
29892,
322,
920,
2215,
896,
505,
2041,
297,
278,
1833,
29871,
29896,
29906,
2440,
29892,
322,
306,
7258,
393,
18520,
411,
902,
29889,
2296,
1838,
29915,
29873,
505,
304,
2189,
286,
3055,
7799,
29892,
306,
5429,
902,
29892,
541,
372,
338,
701,
304,
902,
304,
3013,
2712,
8401,
297,
263,
6374,
5305,
29889,
13,
4806,
526,
1749,
1914,
14176,
297,
6335,
17259,
29889,
10949,
591,
508,
437,
3099,
29892,
591,
505,
304,
4658,
591,
508,
437,
372,
29889,
13,
29931,
404,
265,
396,
29941,
29901,
376,
8439,
526,
694,
13071,
29889,
1670,
526,
871,
15284,
1485,
29892,
322,
366,
1818,
451,
7952,
727,
29892,
366,
1818,
748,
8724,
963,
1213,
448,
29933,
582,
346,
9371,
13,
3112,
338,
4780,
304,
748,
373,
4469,
29899,
29886,
309,
327,
29892,
304,
5221,
403,
297,
385,
29811,
1821,
29892,
8681,
8491,
7271,
1316,
408,
278,
360,
2554,
402,
2735,
8907,
29892,
322,
769,
736,
3271,
304,
1749,
1432,
3250,
12080,
29892,
988,
591,
526,
11233,
287,
491,
1749,
14218,
304,
29899,
1867,
8857,
322,
278,
18621,
310,
1749,
1432,
3250,
12080,
29889,
13,
29902,
1348,
1048,
599,
310,
278,
931,
322,
5864,
393,
2302,
2222,
360,
2554,
402,
2735,
13925,
322,
27886,
414,
7446,
1127,
964,
445,
7271,
29892,
322,
590,
4966,
338,
393,
372,
3732,
263,
4328,
29892,
451,
1363,
360,
2554,
402,
2735,
338,
297,
2970,
817,
310,
1735,
470,
20414,
29892,
1363,
372,
338,
385,
3682,
284,
13013,
29889,
13,
3421,
4966,
338,
393,
278,
8907,
3732,
263,
4328,
1363,
360,
2554,
402,
2735,
29892,
599,
278,
982,
304,
1269,
310,
967,
5375,
5144,
29892,
756,
278,
7037,
304,
367,
1584,
2253,
6454,
22396,
1135,
372,
471,
9826,
29889,
13,
29902,
4658,
297,
360,
2554,
402,
2735,
29889,
13,
29943,
3605,
17196,
2630,
1041,
1451,
328,
11001,
2774,
2072,
6339,
29871,
29896,
29953,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29945,
383,
3605,
824,
537,
29914,
29903,
272,
272,
537,
13,
3492,
526,
13988,
29892,
491,
323,
10068,
5918,
5872,
13,
1168,
8862,
596,
383,
15451,
29892,
16224,
2630,
1041,
29911,
10068,
5918,
5872,
4779,
29871,
29906,
29946,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29945,
17778,
310,
19565,
6617,
313,
29906,
299,
22167,
293,
3012,
511,
8027,
310,
3767,
1477,
313,
29941,
5499,
22167,
293,
3012,
511,
7569,
3250,
22167,
267,
13,
5618,
366,
723,
437,
565,
366,
2289,
5131,
304,
5557,
447,
19583,
13,
29933,
1032,
898,
25606,
292,
29892,
27211,
278,
16034,
751,
29877,
1451,
328,
11001,
2774,
2072,
3839,
29871,
29941,
29900,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29946,
18502,
898,
25606,
292,
29892,
22167,
293,
8583,
313,
29953,
386,
22167,
293,
3012,
511,
383,
3605,
824,
537,
29914,
29903
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| 1.006066 | -0.491866 | -0.456258 | 1.235532 |
Panel previews and discusses ND alumnus' pro-life film 'Unplanned'
Thomas Murphy | Friday, March 22, 2019
Members of the Notre Dame community gathered Thursday evening at Browning Cinema in the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center for a panel discussion about the upcoming pro-life film "Unplanned" hosted by the de Nicola Center for Ethics and Culture.
The panel, whose discussion was partly based on clips from the film shown to the audience, was moderated by O. Carter Snead, the director of the Center for Ethics and Culture. The panel's four members included Abby Johnson, whose life is the subject of the film, Mary FioRito, a pro-life activist and fellow at the de Nicola Center for Ethics and Culture, Chuck Konzelman, a Notre Dame alumnus from the class of 1982 who co-wrote and co-directed the film, and Cary Solomon, Konzelman's fellow co-writer and co-director.
"Unplanned," which comes out March 29, is based on Johnson's memoir of the same name. The story follows Johnson's journey from a clinic manager for Planned Parenthood to an outspoken advocate for the pro-life movement following a life-changing experience she had while assisting with an ultrasound abortion.
In an interview prior to the event, Konzelman said he and Solomon became aware of Johnson's story after being approached in a coffee shop by a stranger who recommended they read her memoir.
"What was neat in terms of the story was that all [Johnson] ever wanted to do was help women. That's all she ever wanted to do," Konzelman said. "So, she was a very sympathetic character, and even in her story and the film, while watching her do things that particularly the pro-life audience will look at and say, 'That action is an unsympathetic action, that action isn't something we don't agree with … yet we understand her motivation and we can forgive her based on what it was she was trying to accomplish.'"
Konzelman and Solomon said they made a conscious decision to make the film as factual as possible. For them, this meant not only including an accurate portrayal of the abortion process, but also of those who work at Planned Parenthood clinics. Solomon said it would have been counter-productive and dishonest to paint Planned Parenthood employees in an evil light. Instead, they emphasized the humanity and honest intentions of all involved.
These portrayals make the film an especially valuable contribution to the national conversation on abortion, Johnson said.
"In a time where we live with all these, 'His truth, and her truth, and my truth and your truth,' and people are just like, 'What is the dang truth? Not your version, but the truth, the absolute truth,'" Johnson said. "This film does a really beautiful job of showing that truth for really what I believe to be the first time in a pro-life film. This film has really pushed the boundaries."
Konzelman said he and Solomon felt called to share Johnson's story of conversion with audiences on the big screen.
"Regardless of how pro-choice you are, you're probably never going to be as pro-choice as Abby was, and regardless of how pro-life you are, you're probably not going to get as pro-life as Abby has become," Konzelman said. "Something happened here. She had her Saul of Tarsus moment. This story was scripted by the Holy Spirit, Abby lived it and it was just our job to translate it."
The movie was produced with an eye towards performing the work of God, Solomon said.
"The way we look at it is we labor in the fields of the Lord," he said. "So, it wasn't about art for us, this is not about our glory, it's about His glory."
Because abortion has become "the third rail of American politics," Konzelman said they have struggled to convince major outlets to advertise the film's release.
"We don't talk about it for the most part. There's this societal agreement not to talk about it," he said. "This week we can't advertise on Lifetime because they won't take our ads, we can't advertise on Hallmark, they won't take our ad dollars … The mainstream press for the most part is still busy
|
[
349,
3870,
758,
7406,
322,
5353,
267,
405,
29928,
394,
1227,
375,
29915,
410,
29899,
19264,
2706,
525,
2525,
572,
11310,
29915,
13,
1349,
18902,
7487,
11461,
891,
28728,
29892,
4779,
29871,
29906,
29906,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29929,
13,
29924,
13415,
310,
278,
24337,
360,
420,
7881,
22229,
498,
1295,
3250,
11005,
472,
22415,
1076,
27306,
297,
278,
897,
29933,
442,
3543,
27313,
292,
11401,
7817,
363,
263,
9451,
10679,
1048,
278,
701,
11506,
410,
29899,
19264,
2706,
376,
2525,
572,
11310,
29908,
17791,
491,
278,
316,
28432,
7817,
363,
13772,
1199,
322,
14062,
29889,
13,
1576,
9451,
29892,
5069,
10679,
471,
22669,
2729,
373,
9335,
567,
515,
278,
2706,
4318,
304,
278,
20026,
29892,
471,
17768,
630,
491,
438,
29889,
22264,
317,
484,
328,
29892,
278,
8881,
310,
278,
7817,
363,
13772,
1199,
322,
14062,
29889,
450,
9451,
29915,
29879,
3023,
5144,
5134,
13896,
29891,
11717,
29892,
5069,
2834,
338,
278,
4967,
310,
278,
2706,
29892,
6182,
383,
601,
29934,
2049,
29892,
263,
410,
29899,
19264,
5039,
391,
322,
10404,
472,
278,
316,
28432,
7817,
363,
13772,
1199,
322,
14062,
29892,
678,
2707,
5250,
10533,
1171,
29892,
263,
24337,
360,
420,
394,
1227,
375,
515,
278,
770,
310,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29947,
29906,
1058,
1302,
29899,
29893,
4859,
322,
1302,
29899,
11851,
287,
278,
2706,
29892,
322,
315,
653,
4956,
18192,
29892,
5250,
10533,
1171,
29915,
29879,
10404,
1302,
29899,
13236,
322,
1302,
29899,
11851,
272,
29889,
13,
29908,
2525,
572,
11310,
1699,
607,
5304,
714,
4779,
29871,
29906,
29929,
29892,
338,
2729,
373,
11717,
29915,
29879,
2626,
6390,
310,
278,
1021,
1024,
29889,
450,
5828,
4477,
11717,
29915,
29879,
16342,
515,
263,
24899,
293,
8455,
363,
1858,
11310,
22280,
6614,
304,
385,
714,
1028,
4476,
22545,
403,
363,
278,
410,
29899,
19264,
10298,
1494,
263,
2834,
29899,
305,
9776,
7271,
1183,
750,
1550,
6985,
292,
411,
385,
9238,
10678,
618,
27450,
291,
29889,
13,
797,
385,
15593,
7536,
304,
278,
1741,
29892,
5250,
10533,
1171,
1497,
540,
322,
4956,
18192,
3897,
9543,
310,
11717,
29915,
29879,
5828,
1156,
1641,
26733,
297,
263,
26935,
18296,
491,
263,
26507,
1058,
13622,
896,
1303,
902,
2626,
6390,
29889,
13,
29908,
5618,
471,
28539,
297,
4958,
310,
278,
5828,
471,
393,
599,
518,
11639,
1100,
29962,
3926,
5131,
304,
437,
471,
1371,
5866,
29889,
2193,
29915,
29879,
599,
1183,
3926,
5131,
304,
437,
1699,
5250,
10533,
1171,
1497,
29889,
376,
6295,
29892,
1183,
471,
263,
1407,
17520,
7492,
2931,
29892,
322,
1584,
297,
902,
5828,
322,
278,
2706,
29892,
1550,
21217,
902,
437,
2712,
393,
10734,
278,
410,
29899,
19264,
20026,
674,
1106,
472,
322,
1827,
29892,
525,
7058,
3158,
338,
385,
9644,
962,
2084,
7492,
3158,
29892,
393,
3158,
3508,
29915,
29873,
1554,
591,
1016,
29915,
29873,
8661,
411,
16088,
3447,
591,
2274,
902,
17385,
362,
322,
591,
508,
18879,
573,
902,
2729,
373,
825,
372,
471,
1183,
471,
1811,
304,
12709,
6169,
29908,
13,
29968,
265,
10533,
1171,
322,
4956,
18192,
1497,
896,
1754,
263,
19861,
10608,
304,
1207,
278,
2706,
408,
2114,
950,
408,
1950,
29889,
1152,
963,
29892,
445,
6839,
451,
871,
3704,
385,
16232,
2011,
764,
284,
310,
278,
27450,
291,
1889,
29892,
541,
884,
310,
1906,
1058,
664,
472,
1858,
11310,
22280,
6614,
24899,
1199,
29889,
4956,
18192,
1497,
372,
723,
505,
1063,
6795,
29899,
4704,
573,
322,
270,
728,
265,
342,
304,
10675,
1858,
11310,
22280,
6614,
22873,
297,
385,
16126,
3578,
29889,
8669,
29892,
896,
19310,
1891,
278,
5199,
537,
322,
15993,
7609,
1080,
310,
599,
9701,
29889,
13,
1349,
968,
2011,
764,
1338,
1207,
278,
2706,
385,
7148,
21114,
11896,
304,
278,
4797,
14983,
373,
27450,
291,
29892,
11717,
1497,
29889,
13,
29908,
797,
263,
931,
988,
591,
5735,
411,
599,
1438,
29892,
525,
29950,
275,
8760,
29892,
322,
902,
8760,
29892,
322,
590,
8760,
322,
596,
8760,
5501,
322,
2305,
526,
925,
763,
29892,
525,
5618,
338,
278,
270,
574,
8760,
29973,
2216,
596,
1873,
29892,
541,
278,
8760,
29892,
278,
8380,
8760,
5501,
29908,
11717,
1497,
29889,
376,
4013,
2706,
947,
263,
2289,
9560,
4982,
310,
6445,
393,
8760,
363,
2289,
825,
306,
4658,
304,
367,
278,
937,
931,
297,
263,
410,
29899,
19264,
2706,
29889,
910,
2706,
756,
2289,
18760,
278,
24371,
1213,
13,
29968,
265,
10533,
1171,
1497,
540,
322,
4956,
18192,
7091,
2000,
304,
6232,
11717,
29915,
29879,
5828,
310,
11301,
411,
12990,
819,
778,
373,
278,
4802,
4315,
29889,
13,
29908,
4597,
538,
2222,
310,
920,
410,
29899,
16957,
366,
526,
29892,
366,
29915,
276,
3117,
2360,
2675,
304,
367,
408,
410,
29899,
16957,
408,
13896,
29891,
471,
29892,
322,
17126,
310,
920,
410,
29899,
19264,
366,
526,
29892,
366,
29915,
276,
3117,
451,
2675,
304,
679,
408,
410,
29899,
19264,
408,
13896,
29891,
756,
4953,
1699,
5250,
10533,
1171,
1497,
29889,
376,
16804,
9559,
1244,
29889,
2296,
750,
902,
5701,
352,
310,
323,
1503,
375,
3256,
29889,
910,
5828,
471,
2471,
287,
491,
278,
17733,
20799,
29892,
13896,
29891,
10600,
372,
322,
372,
471,
925,
1749,
4982,
304,
14240,
372,
1213,
13,
1576,
14064,
471,
7371,
411,
385,
10977,
7113,
15859,
278,
664,
310,
4177,
29892,
4956,
18192,
1497,
29889,
13,
29908,
1576,
982,
591,
1106,
472,
372,
338,
591,
10212,
297,
278,
4235,
310,
278,
6171,
1699,
540,
1497,
29889,
376,
6295,
29892,
372,
9007,
29915,
29873,
1048,
1616,
363,
502,
29892,
445,
338,
451,
1048,
1749,
26080,
29892,
372,
29915,
29879,
1048,
3600,
26080,
1213,
13,
29933,
5658,
27450,
291,
756,
4953,
376,
1552,
4654,
8367,
310,
3082,
22661,
1699,
5250,
10533,
1171,
1497,
896,
505,
10205,
839,
304,
7602,
1239,
4655,
714,
10376,
304,
18811,
895,
278,
2706,
29915,
29879,
6507,
29889,
13,
29908,
4806,
1016,
29915,
29873,
5193,
1048,
372,
363,
278,
1556,
760,
29889,
1670,
29915,
29879,
445,
5374,
26310,
17327,
451,
304,
5193,
1048,
372,
1699,
540,
1497,
29889,
376,
4013,
4723,
591,
508,
29915,
29873,
18811,
895,
373,
365,
361,
5410,
1363,
896,
2113,
29915,
29873,
2125,
1749,
594,
29879,
29892,
591,
508,
29915,
29873,
18811,
895,
373,
6573,
3502,
29892,
896,
2113,
29915,
29873,
2125,
1749,
594,
17208,
16088,
450,
1667,
5461,
3965,
363,
278,
1556,
760,
338,
1603,
19587
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| 0.962593 | -0.102206 | 0.234133 | 0.962319 |
Part of: Small islands and climate change
Solomon Islanders battle illegal logging
by Catherine Wilson | Thomson Reuters Foundation
Thursday, 17 October 2013 09:29 GMT
Lily Duri Dani, a landowner on Kolombangara Island in the Solomon Islands, has been involved with six court cases that have culminated in illegal logging operations being halted on the western side of the island. THOMSON REUTERS FOUNDATION/Catherine Wilson
With half of Kolombangara's forests now gone, islanders have launched a successful fight to stem illegal logging
KOLOMBANGARA ISLAND, Solomon Islands (Thomson Reuters Foundation) – Illegal logging has fuelled the rapid disappearance of commercially viable forests and threatened indigenous livelihoods in the southwest Pacific Island state of the Solomon Islands. But against the odds, local communities are coming together to fight unscrupulous operators through the courts – and winning.
"The power here is from the people. We have come together as an island to strive for the sustainable management of our resources and that is our strength," said Ferguson Vaghi, coordinator of the indigenous landowner-led Kolombangara Island Biodiversity Conservation Association.
Nowhere is the destruction more visible than on the striking 15-kilometre-long volcanic island oF Kolombangara in Western Province, one day's travel by boat northwest of the capital, Honiara. Here relentless extraction for nearly half a century has depleted more than 50 percent of the island's forests.
"We depend on our forest resources for everyday living," Vaghi said. "When the logging companies came in, they destroyed about 91 percent of the forests' value in terms of biodiversity, rivers, water, animals and food."
The Solomon Islands has more than 2.2 million hectares (5.4 million acres) of forest covering approximately 80 percent of its land area, which is spread over 990 islands. Communities on Kolombangara Island, like the majority of the population, are rural and rely on subsistence agriculture.
FOREST LOSSES AND FEW LOCAL BENEFITS
For the past 20 years, the government's economic focus on logging, which accounts for 60 percent of export earnings, has brought few benefits to rural communities, which have seen little improvement in their lives.
The majority of the logs are exported and local landowners receive 15 percent royalties. But deforestation has removed wild fruits and vegetables that are a local food source and destroyed the habitats of animals, such as pigs, which then plunder community food gardens.
"The stream which provides us with a water supply is polluted with oil from dirty logging machinery and our pipe has been broken by falling trees," said Vezinia Danny, from the village of Kuzi, which has a population of 200. "So now we have to paddle our canoes for miles to get clean water."
The small island developing state, which is on the frontlines of climate change, is now one of the world's 10 most threatened forest eco-regions, while government revenues from timber sales are expected to quickly diminish ahead of the industry's predicted collapse by 2015, according to the Solomon Islands Forest Management Project.
"Those involved in unsustainable or illegal logging are seeking short term benefit, responding to the needs and wants of today and not thinking of the long term consequences," said Peter Mahoa, a forestry lecturer at the Solomon Islands National University in Honiara.
Illegal timber extraction, linked to high level corruption, has played a major part in the annual harvesting rate of more than 1 million cubic metres in recent years, compared to the former more sustainable rate of approximately 250,000 cubic metres each year, which resulted in just 4 percent forest loss over two decades, according to a presentation on Solomon Island forestry by the Public Solicitor's Office, and a 2009 study by the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization.
Much of the timber demand is driven by rapidly growing Asian economies.
Kelwin Roy, principal forester at the Ministry of Forestry in Munda, Western Province, recounted that even though companies have to submit detailed logging plans for approval, there are many cases of them
|
[
3455,
310,
29901,
18285,
24191,
322,
23622,
1735,
13,
13296,
18192,
7935,
414,
10555,
27302,
12183,
13,
1609,
21688,
13015,
891,
4609,
1100,
830,
329,
414,
10606,
13,
1349,
1295,
3250,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29955,
5533,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29941,
29871,
29900,
29929,
29901,
29906,
29929,
402,
11490,
13,
29931,
2354,
360,
5338,
360,
3270,
29892,
263,
2982,
20348,
373,
10451,
3424,
574,
2518,
7935,
297,
278,
4956,
18192,
17839,
29892,
756,
1063,
9701,
411,
4832,
8973,
4251,
393,
505,
13949,
1195,
630,
297,
27302,
12183,
6931,
1641,
25212,
287,
373,
278,
15782,
2625,
310,
278,
11359,
29889,
3446,
6488,
3094,
5195,
2692,
23598,
18322,
18783,
8098,
29914,
29907,
16490,
13015,
13,
3047,
4203,
310,
10451,
3424,
574,
2518,
29915,
29879,
363,
9197,
1286,
7695,
29892,
11359,
414,
505,
15241,
263,
9150,
8589,
304,
20805,
27302,
12183,
13,
29968,
29949,
3927,
9486,
19453,
1718,
29909,
8519,
29931,
9468,
29892,
4956,
18192,
17839,
313,
1349,
290,
1100,
830,
329,
414,
10606,
29897,
785,
1720,
12018,
12183,
756,
26413,
839,
278,
10952,
8796,
21711,
310,
7825,
5584,
3516,
519,
363,
9197,
322,
29513,
1399,
2101,
681,
7294,
22342,
29879,
297,
278,
7062,
5933,
14328,
7935,
2106,
310,
278,
4956,
18192,
17839,
29889,
1205,
2750,
278,
7736,
29879,
29892,
1887,
23507,
526,
6421,
4208,
304,
8589,
443,
1557,
17827,
352,
681,
12768,
1549,
278,
28033,
785,
322,
15613,
29889,
13,
29908,
1576,
3081,
1244,
338,
515,
278,
2305,
29889,
1334,
505,
2041,
4208,
408,
385,
11359,
304,
380,
4401,
363,
278,
15075,
475,
519,
10643,
310,
1749,
7788,
322,
393,
338,
1749,
9324,
1699,
1497,
7756,
29887,
375,
265,
478,
351,
2918,
29892,
6615,
1061,
310,
278,
1399,
2101,
681,
2982,
20348,
29899,
839,
10451,
3424,
574,
2518,
7935,
350,
2660,
24974,
15312,
362,
7993,
29889,
13,
10454,
4150,
338,
278,
22104,
901,
7962,
1135,
373,
278,
29191,
29871,
29896,
29945,
29899,
16757,
3297,
276,
29899,
5426,
1700,
3068,
293,
11359,
288,
29943,
10451,
3424,
574,
2518,
297,
10504,
17325,
29892,
697,
2462,
29915,
29879,
9850,
491,
13006,
6641,
5933,
310,
278,
7483,
29892,
379,
5271,
2518,
29889,
2266,
1104,
296,
2222,
4805,
428,
363,
8886,
4203,
263,
6462,
756,
316,
552,
9446,
901,
1135,
29871,
29945,
29900,
10151,
310,
278,
11359,
29915,
29879,
363,
9197,
29889,
13,
29908,
4806,
8839,
373,
1749,
13569,
7788,
363,
1432,
3250,
8471,
1699,
478,
351,
2918,
1497,
29889,
376,
10401,
278,
12183,
14582,
2996,
297,
29892,
896,
14416,
1048,
29871,
29929,
29896,
10151,
310,
278,
363,
9197,
29915,
995,
297,
4958,
310,
289,
2660,
24974,
29892,
27515,
29892,
4094,
29892,
15006,
322,
9687,
1213,
13,
1576,
4956,
18192,
17839,
756,
901,
1135,
29871,
29906,
29889,
29906,
7284,
28834,
5114,
313,
29945,
29889,
29946,
7284,
23931,
29897,
310,
13569,
21653,
14235,
29871,
29947,
29900,
10151,
310,
967,
2982,
4038,
29892,
607,
338,
9677,
975,
29871,
29929,
29929,
29900,
24191,
29889,
20473,
1907,
373,
10451,
3424,
574,
2518,
7935,
29892,
763,
278,
13638,
310,
278,
4665,
29892,
526,
17692,
322,
19104,
373,
11684,
11416,
18032,
545,
29889,
13,
5800,
1525,
1254,
365,
3267,
1660,
29903,
5300,
383,
29923,
29956,
11247,
29907,
1964,
350,
1430,
29638,
1806,
29903,
13,
2831,
278,
4940,
29871,
29906,
29900,
2440,
29892,
278,
5874,
29915,
29879,
17407,
8569,
373,
12183,
29892,
607,
15303,
363,
29871,
29953,
29900,
10151,
310,
5609,
2326,
11753,
29892,
756,
6296,
2846,
23633,
304,
17692,
23507,
29892,
607,
505,
3595,
2217,
20414,
297,
1009,
12080,
29889,
13,
1576,
13638,
310,
278,
10748,
526,
5609,
287,
322,
1887,
2982,
776,
414,
7150,
29871,
29896,
29945,
10151,
20258,
1997,
583,
29889,
1205,
822,
272,
342,
362,
756,
6206,
8775,
285,
21211,
322,
18655,
1849,
393,
526,
263,
1887,
9687,
2752,
322,
14416,
278,
4760,
1446,
310,
15006,
29892,
1316,
408,
282,
23379,
29892,
607,
769,
715,
5062,
7881,
9687,
17161,
575,
29889,
13,
29908,
1576,
4840,
607,
8128,
502,
411,
263,
4094,
11421,
338,
21180,
3860,
411,
17182,
515,
26616,
12183,
7672,
262,
708,
322,
1749,
14282,
756,
1063,
9391,
491,
20327,
10697,
1699,
1497,
478,
6096,
262,
423,
360,
14763,
29892,
515,
278,
5720,
310,
18185,
2526,
29892,
607,
756,
263,
4665,
310,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29889,
376,
6295,
1286,
591,
505,
304,
282,
22352,
1749,
508,
29877,
267,
363,
7800,
304,
679,
5941,
4094,
1213,
13,
1576,
2319,
11359,
14338,
2106,
29892,
607,
338,
373,
278,
4565,
9012,
310,
23622,
1735,
29892,
338,
1286,
697,
310,
278,
3186,
29915,
29879,
29871,
29896,
29900,
1556,
29513,
13569,
321,
1111,
29899,
1727,
1080,
29892,
1550,
5874,
20957,
1041,
515,
5335,
495,
16538,
526,
3806,
304,
9098,
22964,
728,
14432,
310,
278,
13661,
29915,
29879,
25383,
24382,
491,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29945,
29892,
5034,
304,
278,
4956,
18192,
17839,
17300,
15057,
8010,
29889,
13,
29908,
1349,
852,
9701,
297,
9644,
504,
475,
519,
470,
27302,
12183,
526,
25738,
3273,
1840,
14169,
29892,
10049,
292,
304,
278,
4225,
322,
10753,
310,
9826,
322,
451,
7291,
310,
278,
1472,
1840,
27721,
1699,
1497,
5310,
10082,
19807,
29892,
263,
13569,
719,
13081,
9945,
472,
278,
4956,
18192,
17839,
3086,
3014,
297,
379,
5271,
2518,
29889,
13,
14126,
12018,
5335,
495,
4805,
428,
29892,
9024,
304,
1880,
3233,
1034,
18953,
29892,
756,
5318,
263,
4655,
760,
297,
278,
17568,
4023,
10147,
292,
6554,
310,
901,
1135,
29871,
29896,
7284,
13630,
293,
17963,
297,
7786,
2440,
29892,
9401,
304,
278,
4642,
901,
15075,
475,
519,
6554,
310,
14235,
29871,
29906,
29945,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
13630,
293,
17963,
1269,
1629,
29892,
607,
20601,
297,
925,
29871,
29946,
10151,
13569,
6410,
975,
1023,
1602,
3076,
29892,
5034,
304,
263,
24329,
373,
4956,
18192,
7935,
13569,
719,
491,
278,
5236,
4956,
293,
2105,
29915,
29879,
11367,
29892,
322,
263,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29929,
6559,
491,
278,
501,
29889,
29940,
29889,
25453,
322,
27051,
545,
9205,
2133,
29889,
13,
29924,
987,
310,
278,
5335,
495,
9667,
338,
18225,
491,
19328,
15678,
20021,
7766,
583,
29889,
13,
29968,
295,
5080,
15793,
29892,
5882,
363,
4156,
472,
278,
20886,
310,
17300,
719,
297,
341,
8917,
29892,
10504,
17325,
29892,
1162,
792,
287,
393,
1584,
2466,
14582,
505,
304,
9752,
13173,
12183,
13900,
363,
2134,
791,
29892,
727,
526,
1784,
4251,
310,
963
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| 0.541449 | 0.105115 | 1.704576 | 1.078687 |
package org.apache.sling.contextaware.config.impl.metadata;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.SortedSet;
import java.util.TreeSet;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentSkipListMap;
import org.apache.sling.contextaware.config.spi.ConfigurationMetadataProvider;
import org.apache.sling.contextaware.config.spi.metadata.ConfigurationMetadata;
import org.osgi.framework.Bundle;
import org.osgi.framework.BundleContext;
import org.osgi.service.component.annotations.Activate;
import org.osgi.service.component.annotations.Component;
import org.osgi.service.component.annotations.Deactivate;
import org.osgi.util.tracker.BundleTracker;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
/**
* Detects configuration annotation classes deployed by any bundle via OSGi extender pattern.
*/
@Component(immediate = true, service = ConfigurationMetadataProvider.class)
public class AnnotationClassConfigurationMetadataProvider implements ConfigurationMetadataProvider {
private BundleTracker<BundleConfigurationMapping> bundleTracker;
private ConcurrentSkipListMap<Bundle,BundleConfigurationMapping> bundleMappings = new ConcurrentSkipListMap<>();
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AnnotationClassConfigurationMetadataProvider.class);
@Activate
private void activate(BundleContext bundleContext) {
ConfigClassBundleTackerCustomizer bundlerTrackerCustomizer = new ConfigClassBundleTackerCustomizer(this);
bundleTracker = new BundleTracker<BundleConfigurationMapping>(bundleContext, Bundle.ACTIVE, bundlerTrackerCustomizer);
bundleTracker.open();
}
@Deactivate
private void deactivate() {
bundleTracker.close();
bundleTracker = null;
}
@Override
public SortedSet<String> getConfigurationNames() {
SortedSet<String> allConfigNames = new TreeSet<String>();
for (BundleConfigurationMapping bundleMapping : bundleMappings.values()) {
allConfigNames.addAll(bundleMapping.getConfigurationNames());
}
return Collections.unmodifiableSortedSet(allConfigNames);
}
@Override
public ConfigurationMetadata getConfigurationMetadata(String configName) {
ConfigurationMapping mapping = getConfigurationMapping(configName);
if (mapping != null) {
return mapping.getConfigMetadata();
}
else {
return null;
}
}
/**
* Get configuration mapping for given config name.
* On the way check for config name mapping conflicts accross bundles and log a warning if found.
* Is difficult to do this beforehand due to the lazy initialization of the bundle config mappings and the
* dynamic behavior of coming and going bundles with configuration classes.
* @param configName Configuration name
* @return Configuration mapping or null if none found
*/
ConfigurationMapping getConfigurationMapping(String configName) {
ConfigurationMapping matchingConfigMapping = null;
BundleConfigurationMapping matchingBundleMapping = null;
for (BundleConfigurationMapping bundleMapping : bundleMappings.values()) {
ConfigurationMapping configMapping = bundleMapping.getConfigurationMapping(configName);
if (configMapping != null) {
if (matchingConfigMapping == null) {
matchingConfigMapping = configMapping;
matchingBundleMapping = bundleMapping;
}
else {
// conflict in name mapping across bundles found
log.warn("Configuration name conflict: Both configuration classes {} (Bundle {}) "
+ "and {} (Bundle {}) define the configuration name '{}', ignoring the latter.",
matchingConfigMapping.getConfigClass().getName(),
matchingBundleMapping.getBundle().getSymbolicName(),
configMapping.getConfigClass().getName(),
bundleMapping.getBundle().getSymbolicName(),
configName);
}
}
}
return matchingConfigMapping;
}
void addBundeMapping(BundleConfigurationMapping bundleMapping) {
bundleMappings.put(bundleMapping.getBundle(), bundleMapping);
}
void removeBundleMapping(
|
[
29871,
13,
5113,
1638,
29889,
4288,
29889,
29879,
1847,
29889,
4703,
28327,
29889,
2917,
29889,
13699,
29889,
19635,
29936,
13,
13,
5215,
2115,
29889,
4422,
29889,
19466,
29936,
13,
5215,
2115,
29889,
4422,
29889,
13685,
287,
2697,
29936,
13,
5215,
2115,
29889,
4422,
29889,
9643,
2697,
29936,
13,
5215,
2115,
29889,
4422,
29889,
19279,
29889,
1168,
3784,
15797,
666,
1293,
3388,
29936,
13,
13,
5215,
1638,
29889,
4288,
29889,
29879,
1847,
29889,
4703,
28327,
29889,
2917,
29889,
1028,
29875,
29889,
8614,
18417,
6980,
29936,
13,
5215,
1638,
29889,
4288,
29889,
29879,
1847,
29889,
4703,
28327,
29889,
2917,
29889,
1028,
29875,
29889,
19635,
29889,
8614,
18417,
29936,
13,
5215,
1638,
29889,
359,
3146,
29889,
4468,
29889,
9534,
29936,
13,
5215,
1638,
29889,
359,
3146,
29889,
4468,
29889,
9534,
2677,
29936,
13,
5215,
1638,
29889,
359,
3146,
29889,
5509,
29889,
9700,
29889,
6735,
800,
29889,
21786,
403,
29936,
13,
5215,
1638,
29889,
359,
3146,
29889,
5509,
29889,
9700,
29889,
6735,
800,
29889,
5308,
29936,
13,
5215,
1638,
29889,
359,
3146,
29889,
5509,
29889,
9700,
29889,
6735,
800,
29889,
2772,
11236,
403,
29936,
13,
5215,
1638,
29889,
359,
3146,
29889,
4422,
29889,
3018,
4937,
29889,
9534,
5323,
4937,
29936,
13,
5215,
1638,
29889,
2536,
29888,
29946,
29926,
29889,
16363,
29936,
13,
5215,
1638,
29889,
2536,
29888,
29946,
29926,
29889,
16363,
5126,
29936,
13,
13,
7918,
13,
334,
5953,
522,
29879,
5285,
17195,
4413,
21168,
491,
738,
11846,
3025,
6570,
26074,
1294,
1581,
4766,
29889,
13,
3776,
13,
29992,
5308,
29898,
326,
13847,
353,
1565,
29892,
2669,
353,
20999,
18417,
6980,
29889,
1990,
29897,
13,
3597,
770,
530,
16666,
2385,
8614,
18417,
6980,
10703,
20999,
18417,
6980,
426,
13,
268,
13,
1678,
2024,
24470,
5323,
4937,
29966,
9534,
8614,
15845,
29958,
11846,
5323,
4937,
29936,
13,
1678,
2024,
1281,
3784,
15797,
666,
1293,
3388,
29966,
9534,
29892,
9534,
8614,
15845,
29958,
11846,
9689,
886,
353,
716,
1281,
3784,
15797,
666,
1293,
3388,
27258,
13,
268,
13,
1678,
2024,
2294,
2186,
28468,
1480,
353,
28468,
5126,
29889,
657,
16363,
29898,
21978,
2385,
8614,
18417,
6980,
29889,
1990,
416,
13,
268,
13,
1678,
732,
21786,
403,
13,
1678,
2024,
1780,
5039,
403,
29898,
9534,
2677,
11846,
2677,
29897,
426,
13,
4706,
12782,
2385,
9534,
29911,
28940,
7281,
3950,
22813,
1358,
5323,
4937,
7281,
3950,
353,
716,
12782,
2385,
9534,
29911,
28940,
7281,
3950,
29898,
1366,
416,
13,
4706,
11846,
5323,
4937,
353,
716,
24470,
5323,
4937,
29966,
9534,
8614,
15845,
5961,
16718,
2677,
29892,
24470,
29889,
17923,
18474,
29892,
22813,
1358,
5323,
4937,
7281,
3950,
416,
13,
4706,
11846,
5323,
4937,
29889,
3150,
890,
13,
1678,
500,
13,
268,
13,
1678,
732,
2772,
11236,
403,
13,
1678,
2024,
1780,
316,
11236,
403,
580,
426,
13,
4706,
11846,
5323,
4937,
29889,
5358,
890,
13,
4706,
11846,
5323,
4937,
353,
1870,
29936,
13,
1678,
500,
13,
13,
1678,
732,
4640,
13,
1678,
970,
317,
18054,
2697,
29966,
1231,
29958,
679,
8614,
8659,
580,
426,
13,
4706,
317,
18054,
2697,
29966,
1231,
29958,
599,
3991,
8659,
353,
716,
15472,
2697,
29966,
1231,
8295,
13,
4706,
363,
313,
9534,
8614,
15845,
11846,
15845,
584,
11846,
9689,
886,
29889,
5975,
3101,
426,
13,
9651,
599,
3991,
8659,
29889,
1202,
3596,
29898,
16718,
15845,
29889,
657,
8614,
8659,
3310,
13,
4706,
500,
13,
4706,
736,
1530,
5942,
29889,
348,
1545,
28677,
13685,
287,
2697,
29898,
497,
3991,
8659,
416,
13,
1678,
500,
13,
13,
1678,
732,
4640,
13,
1678,
970,
20999,
18417,
679,
8614,
18417,
29898,
1231,
2295,
1170,
29897,
426,
13,
4706,
20999,
15845,
10417,
353,
679,
8614,
15845,
29898,
2917,
1170,
416,
13,
4706,
565,
313,
20698,
2804,
1870,
29897,
426,
13,
9651,
736,
10417,
29889,
657,
3991,
18417,
890,
13,
4706,
500,
13,
4706,
1683,
426,
13,
9651,
736,
1870,
29936,
13,
4706,
500,
13,
1678,
500,
13,
268,
13,
1678,
7762,
13,
268,
334,
3617,
5285,
10417,
363,
2183,
2295,
1024,
29889,
13,
268,
334,
1551,
278,
982,
1423,
363,
2295,
1024,
10417,
28792,
1035,
2124,
22813,
793,
322,
1480,
263,
9177,
565,
1476,
29889,
13,
268,
334,
1317,
5189,
304,
437,
445,
1434,
3179,
2861,
304,
278,
17366,
17865,
310,
278,
11846,
2295,
611,
27775,
322,
278,
13,
268,
334,
7343,
6030,
310,
6421,
322,
2675,
22813,
793,
411,
5285,
4413,
29889,
13,
268,
334,
732,
3207,
2295,
1170,
20999,
1024,
13,
268,
334,
732,
2457,
20999,
10417,
470,
1870,
565,
5642,
1476,
13,
268,
3776,
13,
1678,
20999,
15845,
679,
8614,
15845,
29898,
1231,
2295,
1170,
29897,
426,
13,
4706,
20999,
15845,
9686,
3991,
15845,
353,
1870,
29936,
13,
4706,
24470,
8614,
15845,
9686,
9534,
15845,
353,
1870,
29936,
13,
4706,
363,
313,
9534,
8614,
15845,
11846,
15845,
584,
11846,
9689,
886,
29889,
5975,
3101,
426,
13,
9651,
20999,
15845,
2295,
15845,
353,
11846,
15845,
29889,
657,
8614,
15845,
29898,
2917,
1170,
416,
13,
9651,
565,
313,
2917,
15845,
2804,
1870,
29897,
426,
13,
18884,
565,
313,
4352,
292,
3991,
15845,
1275,
1870,
29897,
426,
13,
462,
1678,
9686,
3991,
15845,
353,
2295,
15845,
29936,
13,
462,
1678,
9686,
9534,
15845,
353,
11846,
15845,
29936,
13,
18884,
500,
13,
18884,
1683,
426,
13,
462,
1678,
849,
14529,
297,
1024,
10417,
4822,
22813,
793,
1476,
13,
462,
1678,
1480,
29889,
25442,
703,
8614,
1024,
14529,
29901,
9134,
5285,
4413,
6571,
313,
9534,
426,
1800,
376,
13,
462,
9651,
718,
376,
392,
6571,
313,
9534,
426,
1800,
4529,
278,
5285,
1024,
525,
8875,
742,
5330,
8253,
278,
7480,
19602,
13,
462,
9651,
9686,
3991,
15845,
29889,
657,
3991,
2385,
2141,
19629,
3285,
13,
462,
9651,
9686,
9534,
15845,
29889,
657,
9534,
2141,
657,
14730,
293,
1170,
3285,
13,
462,
9651,
2295,
15845,
29889,
657,
3991,
2385,
2141,
19629,
3285,
13,
462,
9651,
11846,
15845,
29889,
657,
9534,
2141,
657,
14730,
293,
1170,
3285,
13,
462,
9651,
2295,
1170,
416,
13,
18884,
500,
13,
9651,
500,
13,
4706,
500,
13,
4706,
736,
9686,
3991,
15845,
29936,
13,
1678,
500,
13,
13,
1678,
1780,
788,
29933,
9140,
15845,
29898,
9534,
8614,
15845,
11846,
15845,
29897,
426,
13,
4706,
11846,
9689,
886,
29889,
649,
29898,
16718,
15845,
29889,
657,
9534,
3285,
11846,
15845,
416,
13,
1678,
500,
13,
13,
1678,
1780,
3349,
9534,
15845,
29898
] | 1,024 |
Github
| -1.020862 | 0.945431 | -0.509039 | -0.006577 |
This Monkey, My Back ::
For a long while there, I was a young writer, and then, for nearly as long, I was a younger writer (younger than whom, I used to wonder—Robert Frost?). Now I'm just a writer. Certainly not an old writer, no éminence grise, no member of the Academy with yellowed hairs growing out of my ears and nostrils, but a writer, I like to think, of wisdom and maturity, with a few good years left ahead of me. Still, I had a shock a couple of months ago, when an old friend stopped by on his way back from Mexico and revealed something to me about the age we'd attained—or were rapidly approaching. We were sitting at the kitchen table, and he'd just fanned out a group of photographs and narrated the story of each one: I saw the Zócalo, the soap-powder beaches of Puerto Escondido, the catacombs beneath some ancient church. There was a pause, and then he said, "You know, in a couple of years I'm thinking of retiring." I was stunned. This was a vigorous man of forty-nine, a snappy dresser who'd made good money in his own business. "Retire?" I gasped, summoning up ghosts in carpet slippers hunkered down before the TV at eleven A.M. and slurping up lime Jell-O and bourbon. All I could think to do was fish through the glossy photos before me till I found the one of the catacombs, shrunken tanned hides and lipless teeth, the claws that used to be fingers, people laid out on slabs like fallen trees. I held it up. "This is my retirement," I told him.
James Baldwin said that we write to give order and structure to a chaotic world, and this is surely part of it, maybe the biggest part, but there's more to it than that. Writing is a habit, an addiction, as powerful and overmastering an urge as putting a bottle to your lips or a spike in your arm. Call it the impulse to make something out of nothing, call it an obsessive-compulsive disorder, call it logorrhea. Have you been in a bookstore lately? Have you seen what these authors are doing, the mountainous piles of the flakes of themselves they're leaving behind, like the neatly labeled jars of shit, piss, and toenail clippings one of John Barth's characters bequeathed to his wife, the ultimate expression of his deepest self? Retire? Retire from that? Sure, we'll all retire, all of us, once they drain our blood and pump the embalming fluid in.
Unlike most of my compatriots at the Iowa Writers' Workshop in the Seventies, and the major part of my own students now, I didn't develop my addiction in the womb or drink it up with my mother's milk. I wasn't touched by an angel, I didn't wear bottle lenses and braces and hide out in dark corners, my only friend the book, nor was I a Borgesian mole burrowing through my father's library (for the record, my father didn't have a library and never read a book in his life, aside from what might have been forced down his throat at St. Joseph's Home, the Catholic orphanage where he was raised and educated as far as the eighth grade). No, I was a kid like any other kid. I played ball; wandered the vestigial woods of suburban Westchester, killing things; held my own in school, though it was like penal servitude. I was a good kid, I tried to please—as the children of alcoholics so often do—and yet somehow, at fifteen or sixteen, I metamorphosed into a wise guy. A punk. A cynic. A know-it-all. Partly, books were to blame—but not fully, not quite yet. The people I ran with—kids, that is—were the children of educated parents, middle-class and even wealthy parents, and they were sly, smart, and disaffected. Later there would be drugs, but at first there was only desperate-to-get-laid maniacal driving, the usual acts of vandalism, liberated booze—and somehow, miraculously, books. We were proto-hipp
|
[
910,
2598,
1989,
29892,
1619,
7437,
4761,
13,
2831,
263,
1472,
1550,
727,
29892,
306,
471,
263,
4123,
9227,
29892,
322,
769,
29892,
363,
8886,
408,
1472,
29892,
306,
471,
263,
20023,
9227,
313,
6293,
865,
261,
1135,
6029,
29892,
306,
1304,
304,
4997,
30003,
9588,
2151,
383,
17627,
29973,
467,
2567,
306,
29915,
29885,
925,
263,
9227,
29889,
315,
13946,
368,
451,
385,
2030,
9227,
29892,
694,
904,
1195,
663,
867,
895,
29892,
694,
4509,
310,
278,
10355,
411,
13328,
287,
11315,
29879,
15678,
714,
310,
590,
22827,
322,
20990,
29878,
2719,
29892,
541,
263,
9227,
29892,
306,
763,
304,
1348,
29892,
310,
29714,
322,
286,
1337,
537,
29892,
411,
263,
2846,
1781,
2440,
2175,
14432,
310,
592,
29889,
12074,
29892,
306,
750,
263,
19253,
263,
7303,
310,
7378,
8020,
29892,
746,
385,
2030,
5121,
11084,
491,
373,
670,
982,
1250,
515,
12568,
322,
17845,
1554,
304,
592,
1048,
278,
5046,
591,
29915,
29881,
1098,
7114,
30003,
272,
892,
19328,
28702,
29889,
1334,
892,
16246,
472,
278,
29181,
1591,
29892,
322,
540,
29915,
29881,
925,
285,
11310,
714,
263,
2318,
310,
17739,
29879,
322,
15474,
630,
278,
5828,
310,
1269,
697,
29901,
306,
4446,
278,
796,
29980,
1052,
29877,
29892,
278,
29559,
29899,
12248,
672,
367,
14520,
310,
21810,
3423,
1116,
1941,
29892,
278,
274,
532,
510,
5824,
19540,
777,
12297,
6586,
29889,
1670,
471,
263,
19957,
29892,
322,
769,
540,
1497,
29892,
376,
3492,
1073,
29892,
297,
263,
7303,
310,
2440,
306,
29915,
29885,
7291,
310,
3240,
8491,
1213,
306,
471,
380,
5963,
287,
29889,
910,
471,
263,
14877,
20657,
767,
310,
20949,
29899,
29876,
457,
29892,
263,
5807,
14862,
10714,
261,
1058,
29915,
29881,
1754,
1781,
6909,
297,
670,
1914,
5381,
29889,
376,
8015,
533,
3026,
306,
330,
4692,
287,
29892,
2533,
3712,
292,
701,
330,
23525,
297,
1559,
10963,
20662,
22437,
298,
2960,
14561,
1623,
1434,
278,
5648,
472,
28121,
319,
29889,
29924,
29889,
322,
2243,
332,
15702,
701,
301,
603,
435,
514,
29899,
29949,
322,
289,
473,
6718,
29889,
2178,
306,
1033,
1348,
304,
437,
471,
9427,
1549,
278,
3144,
2209,
29891,
20612,
1434,
592,
3428,
306,
1476,
278,
697,
310,
278,
274,
532,
510,
5824,
29892,
528,
3389,
1717,
260,
11310,
298,
2247,
322,
619,
572,
404,
25287,
29892,
278,
3711,
5652,
393,
1304,
304,
367,
23915,
29892,
2305,
12341,
714,
373,
2243,
6897,
763,
19225,
10697,
29889,
306,
4934,
372,
701,
29889,
376,
4013,
338,
590,
3240,
19211,
1699,
306,
5429,
1075,
29889,
13,
29470,
23874,
5080,
1497,
393,
591,
2436,
304,
2367,
1797,
322,
3829,
304,
263,
10329,
13574,
3186,
29892,
322,
445,
338,
18880,
760,
310,
372,
29892,
5505,
278,
24842,
760,
29892,
541,
727,
29915,
29879,
901,
304,
372,
1135,
393,
29889,
28676,
338,
263,
4760,
29892,
385,
788,
2463,
29892,
408,
13988,
322,
975,
6207,
292,
385,
5065,
479,
408,
10594,
263,
18046,
280,
304,
596,
17186,
470,
263,
805,
9345,
297,
596,
5075,
29889,
8251,
372,
278,
2411,
19994,
304,
1207,
1554,
714,
310,
3078,
29892,
1246,
372,
385,
20881,
404,
573,
29899,
2388,
7273,
573,
766,
2098,
29892,
1246,
372,
1480,
25891,
354,
29874,
29889,
6975,
366,
1063,
297,
263,
3143,
8899,
301,
2486,
29973,
6975,
366,
3595,
825,
1438,
15717,
526,
2599,
29892,
278,
14378,
681,
282,
5475,
310,
278,
17422,
10794,
310,
6053,
896,
29915,
276,
10124,
5742,
29892,
763,
278,
28539,
368,
301,
24025,
432,
1503,
310,
528,
277,
29892,
282,
790,
29892,
322,
22441,
737,
9335,
27775,
697,
310,
2259,
2261,
386,
29915,
29879,
4890,
367,
802,
14139,
304,
670,
6532,
29892,
278,
8494,
6490,
4603,
310,
670,
6483,
342,
1583,
29973,
4649,
533,
29973,
4649,
533,
515,
393,
29973,
18585,
29892,
591,
29915,
645,
599,
3240,
533,
29892,
599,
310,
502,
29892,
2748,
896,
270,
6038,
1749,
10416,
322,
282,
3427,
278,
953,
5521,
4056,
22576,
297,
29889,
13,
2525,
4561,
1556,
310,
590,
10007,
374,
1862,
472,
278,
25327,
16849,
414,
29915,
5244,
19032,
297,
278,
922,
794,
583,
29892,
322,
278,
4655,
760,
310,
590,
1914,
8041,
1286,
29892,
306,
3282,
29915,
29873,
2693,
590,
788,
2463,
297,
278,
281,
3424,
470,
13748,
372,
701,
411,
590,
5637,
29915,
29879,
27274,
29889,
306,
9007,
29915,
29873,
23051,
491,
385,
2614,
295,
29892,
306,
3282,
29915,
29873,
19531,
18046,
280,
301,
11259,
322,
4105,
778,
322,
9563,
714,
297,
6501,
26995,
29892,
590,
871,
5121,
278,
3143,
29892,
3643,
471,
306,
263,
20918,
18970,
13206,
6866,
798,
292,
1549,
590,
4783,
29915,
29879,
3489,
313,
1454,
278,
2407,
29892,
590,
4783,
3282,
29915,
29873,
505,
263,
3489,
322,
2360,
1303,
263,
3143,
297,
670,
2834,
29892,
17786,
515,
825,
1795,
505,
1063,
11826,
1623,
670,
20961,
271,
472,
624,
29889,
6936,
29915,
29879,
8778,
29892,
278,
11865,
470,
16711,
482,
988,
540,
471,
10425,
322,
27729,
408,
2215,
408,
278,
321,
18919,
19468,
467,
1939,
29892,
306,
471,
263,
26397,
763,
738,
916,
26397,
29889,
306,
5318,
8287,
29936,
281,
3825,
287,
278,
325,
5286,
616,
25013,
310,
1014,
25006,
3122,
10530,
29892,
23393,
2712,
29936,
4934,
590,
1914,
297,
3762,
29892,
2466,
372,
471,
763,
6584,
284,
3348,
4279,
29889,
306,
471,
263,
1781,
26397,
29892,
306,
1898,
304,
3113,
30003,
294,
278,
4344,
310,
27231,
5391,
1199,
577,
4049,
437,
30003,
392,
3447,
10431,
29892,
472,
25020,
470,
4832,
9404,
29892,
306,
1539,
314,
5676,
2662,
964,
263,
19396,
1410,
29891,
29889,
319,
21356,
29889,
319,
274,
948,
293,
29889,
319,
1073,
29899,
277,
29899,
497,
29889,
3455,
368,
29892,
8277,
892,
304,
1999,
420,
30003,
4187,
451,
8072,
29892,
451,
3755,
3447,
29889,
450,
2305,
306,
6350,
411,
30003,
29895,
4841,
29892,
393,
338,
30003,
29893,
406,
278,
4344,
310,
27729,
11825,
29892,
7256,
29899,
1990,
322,
1584,
17173,
29891,
11825,
29892,
322,
896,
892,
269,
368,
29892,
15040,
29892,
322,
766,
3470,
26458,
29889,
12699,
727,
723,
367,
5883,
3174,
29892,
541,
472,
937,
727,
471,
871,
553,
21194,
29899,
517,
29899,
657,
29899,
433,
333,
767,
423,
1052,
19500,
29892,
278,
9670,
14741,
310,
325,
24258,
1608,
29892,
7866,
630,
1045,
29877,
911,
30003,
392,
10431,
29892,
3737,
945,
352,
5794,
29892,
8277,
29889,
1334,
892,
17814,
29899,
2918,
407
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| 1.525025 | -0.075926 | -0.362113 | -0.460035 |
ies, but we didn't know it. We just knew we were caught somewhere between the hoods and the honor students, and that we had a taste for Aldous Huxley, George Orwell, J.D. Salinger, Jack Kerouac. Writing? Never heard of it.
At seventeen, I found myself in Potsdam, New York, at SUNY Potsdam, formerly a normal school, now still heavily teacher-oriented but leaning toward the liberal arts. And music. I went there because I played saxophone and wanted to be a musician and because my academic record to this point slid down the scale from mediocre to hopelessly mediocre and nobody else would take me, even if I'd applied, which I didn't. So there I was, in the frozen skullcap of the world, with my saxophone and my sheet music and little talent and no discipline. I flunked my audition and became a history major. Why history? I didn't know at the time, or I couldn't have defined it, but it had to do with writing. I didn't yet realize it, but I could write, and in history—unlike, say, biology or math—what you did was write essays. I found my first mentor there, in the history department—Dr. Vincent Knapp, who himself had made his way up, hand over hand, from the depths of the working class. He saw something in me—in my writing and intelligence—and he tried to promote and encourage it. He was the second of my fathers, and I hurt him in the way of Allan Sillitoe's long-distance runner and his father/mentor. I didn't attend classes. I hung out with the losers.
But I read. I was introduced to Flannery O'Connor in a sophomore literature class and felt a blast of recognition, and outside class, in the bars and in the company of a small cadre of people like me, I began to read Updike and Bellow and Camus, then Barth, Beckett, Genet, and Gide, as well as Isben, O'Neill, Sarte, and Waugh. The library was new, and it smelled of the formaldehyde in the carpets, and the books were new, the ones I was reading, anyway, and they smelled the way books still smell today, of glue and type and paper mills, a smell I grew to associate with pleasure—and with knowledge. After all, as a budding or even an enduring wise guy, I could be even wiser, more cynical, more sardonic and knowing, if I actually knew something.
There was rock and roll, of course, which obliterated my early jazz leanings and made me a student of electrified rage (and which later led to the drums, more saxophone, and finally a kind of unmodulated howling into the microphone to the coordinated thrash of everything else), and then I began taking literature courses and discovered my next mentor, Kelsey B. Harder. Kelsey was chairman of the English Department, and he recognized in me the same talent for writing that had attracted Dr. Knapp over in History. I wounded him, too, with the weapons of indifference and alienation, but I wrote some essays for him and began to feel that there was at least something I could do and do well. I was a junior when I took my first course in creative writing, under the last of my undergraduate tutors, Krishna Vaid.
Krishna is a Harvard-educated Hindu novelist, much enamored of James Joyce, and he had a cultivated, continental air about him. The class mystified me. There were eleven people in it, all of whom were poets, and they were writing poetry that to me, at least, was incomprehensible. (Poetry and I collided disastrously in high school, when a pompous prig of a teacher read aloud the great poems of English and American literature in a voice so saturated with piety I wanted to set his hair afire, exhume the dead poets, and put them and their books on a slow barge for Patagonia.) Workshops in those days were still evolving and the conduct of Krishna's class was fairly elementary. He would ask a few students to write something for the following week, at which time they would read the result aloud while the rest of us sat in mortified and uncomprehending silence, prepar
|
[
583,
29892,
541,
591,
3282,
29915,
29873,
1073,
372,
29889,
1334,
925,
6363,
591,
892,
12624,
9051,
1546,
278,
298,
2092,
29879,
322,
278,
10657,
8041,
29892,
322,
393,
591,
750,
263,
21779,
363,
18242,
681,
379,
1314,
2330,
29892,
5122,
1394,
5872,
29892,
435,
29889,
29928,
29889,
3956,
5621,
29892,
5457,
12693,
283,
562,
29889,
28676,
29973,
12391,
6091,
310,
372,
29889,
13,
4178,
16741,
27294,
29892,
306,
1476,
6142,
297,
349,
1862,
16846,
29892,
1570,
3088,
29892,
472,
317,
3904,
29979,
349,
1862,
16846,
29892,
21510,
263,
4226,
3762,
29892,
1286,
1603,
20365,
15703,
29899,
12236,
287,
541,
20793,
292,
11183,
278,
26054,
16930,
29889,
1126,
4696,
29889,
306,
3512,
727,
1363,
306,
5318,
872,
29916,
3021,
650,
322,
5131,
304,
367,
263,
4696,
713,
322,
1363,
590,
21567,
2407,
304,
445,
1298,
2243,
333,
1623,
278,
6287,
515,
14457,
542,
276,
304,
8171,
6393,
368,
14457,
542,
276,
322,
23196,
1683,
723,
2125,
592,
29892,
1584,
565,
306,
29915,
29881,
7436,
29892,
607,
306,
3282,
29915,
29873,
29889,
1105,
727,
306,
471,
29892,
297,
278,
14671,
2256,
2071,
913,
5030,
310,
278,
3186,
29892,
411,
590,
872,
29916,
3021,
650,
322,
590,
9869,
4696,
322,
2217,
24242,
322,
694,
29822,
29889,
306,
1652,
2960,
287,
590,
12990,
654,
322,
3897,
263,
4955,
4655,
29889,
3750,
4955,
29973,
306,
3282,
29915,
29873,
1073,
472,
278,
931,
29892,
470,
306,
8496,
29915,
29873,
505,
3342,
372,
29892,
541,
372,
750,
304,
437,
411,
5007,
29889,
306,
3282,
29915,
29873,
3447,
16289,
372,
29892,
541,
306,
1033,
2436,
29892,
322,
297,
4955,
30003,
348,
4561,
29892,
1827,
29892,
4768,
3002,
470,
5844,
30003,
5816,
366,
1258,
471,
2436,
3686,
1036,
29889,
306,
1476,
590,
937,
6042,
272,
727,
29892,
297,
278,
4955,
14311,
30003,
25639,
29889,
19748,
8360,
932,
29892,
1058,
3654,
750,
1754,
670,
982,
701,
29892,
1361,
975,
1361,
29892,
515,
278,
10809,
29879,
310,
278,
1985,
770,
29889,
940,
4446,
1554,
297,
592,
30003,
262,
590,
5007,
322,
21082,
30003,
392,
540,
1898,
304,
27391,
322,
13731,
6617,
372,
29889,
940,
471,
278,
1473,
310,
590,
285,
19467,
29892,
322,
306,
21682,
1075,
297,
278,
982,
310,
2178,
273,
317,
453,
2049,
29872,
29915,
29879,
1472,
29899,
19244,
28877,
322,
670,
4783,
29914,
358,
272,
29889,
306,
3282,
29915,
29873,
14333,
4413,
29889,
306,
18757,
714,
411,
278,
1232,
414,
29889,
13,
6246,
306,
1303,
29889,
306,
471,
9129,
304,
2379,
812,
708,
438,
29915,
1168,
15459,
297,
263,
269,
3021,
290,
487,
12845,
770,
322,
7091,
263,
1999,
579,
310,
19679,
29892,
322,
5377,
770,
29892,
297,
278,
22306,
322,
297,
278,
5001,
310,
263,
2319,
25915,
310,
2305,
763,
592,
29892,
306,
4689,
304,
1303,
5020,
6051,
446,
322,
350,
4743,
322,
5500,
375,
29892,
769,
2261,
386,
29892,
19573,
1803,
29892,
5739,
300,
29892,
322,
402,
680,
29892,
408,
1532,
408,
1317,
1785,
29892,
438,
29915,
8139,
453,
29892,
7745,
371,
29892,
322,
399,
6334,
29889,
450,
3489,
471,
716,
29892,
322,
372,
1560,
14356,
310,
278,
11595,
311,
5819,
311,
297,
278,
1559,
29886,
1691,
29892,
322,
278,
8277,
892,
716,
29892,
278,
6743,
306,
471,
5183,
29892,
8763,
29892,
322,
896,
1560,
14356,
278,
982,
8277,
1603,
1560,
514,
9826,
29892,
310,
3144,
434,
322,
1134,
322,
5650,
3533,
29879,
29892,
263,
1560,
514,
306,
13631,
304,
25836,
411,
15377,
30003,
392,
411,
7134,
29889,
2860,
599,
29892,
408,
263,
8619,
8497,
470,
1584,
385,
1095,
3864,
19396,
1410,
29891,
29892,
306,
1033,
367,
1584,
281,
7608,
29892,
901,
274,
948,
936,
29892,
901,
269,
538,
8927,
322,
13797,
29892,
565,
306,
2869,
6363,
1554,
29889,
13,
8439,
471,
7679,
322,
9679,
29892,
310,
3236,
29892,
607,
704,
20889,
630,
590,
4688,
21230,
20793,
886,
322,
1754,
592,
263,
8368,
310,
3546,
29878,
2164,
1153,
479,
313,
392,
607,
2678,
5331,
304,
278,
28987,
29892,
901,
872,
29916,
3021,
650,
29892,
322,
7146,
263,
2924,
310,
443,
1545,
7964,
920,
1847,
964,
278,
9200,
6710,
304,
278,
6615,
630,
1468,
1161,
310,
4129,
1683,
511,
322,
769,
306,
4689,
5622,
12845,
21888,
322,
10943,
590,
2446,
6042,
272,
29892,
476,
2870,
29891,
350,
29889,
10999,
261,
29889,
476,
2870,
29891,
471,
28942,
310,
278,
4223,
10317,
29892,
322,
540,
14831,
297,
592,
278,
1021,
24242,
363,
5007,
393,
750,
13978,
287,
4942,
29889,
8360,
932,
975,
297,
5298,
29889,
306,
19747,
1075,
29892,
2086,
29892,
411,
278,
25340,
310,
1399,
17678,
322,
394,
819,
362,
29892,
541,
306,
5456,
777,
3686,
1036,
363,
1075,
322,
4689,
304,
4459,
393,
727,
471,
472,
3203,
1554,
306,
1033,
437,
322,
437,
1532,
29889,
306,
471,
263,
20183,
746,
306,
3614,
590,
937,
3236,
297,
907,
1230,
5007,
29892,
1090,
278,
1833,
310,
590,
1090,
5105,
27240,
7149,
943,
29892,
7365,
728,
1056,
12549,
333,
29889,
13,
29968,
29878,
728,
1056,
338,
263,
22221,
29899,
287,
1682,
630,
379,
19910,
9554,
391,
29892,
1568,
427,
314,
4395,
310,
5011,
26515,
346,
29892,
322,
540,
750,
263,
18834,
630,
29892,
2145,
13703,
4799,
1048,
1075,
29889,
450,
770,
16624,
2164,
592,
29889,
1670,
892,
28121,
2305,
297,
372,
29892,
599,
310,
6029,
892,
772,
1691,
29892,
322,
896,
892,
5007,
22309,
393,
304,
592,
29892,
472,
3203,
29892,
471,
297,
510,
1457,
26791,
1821,
29889,
313,
9837,
27184,
322,
306,
5321,
2618,
766,
7614,
5794,
297,
1880,
3762,
29892,
746,
263,
8280,
29886,
681,
544,
335,
310,
263,
15703,
1303,
394,
2736,
278,
2107,
772,
1567,
310,
4223,
322,
3082,
12845,
297,
263,
7314,
577,
269,
1337,
630,
411,
282,
21549,
306,
5131,
304,
731,
670,
11315,
2511,
533,
29892,
429,
29882,
2017,
278,
7123,
772,
1691,
29892,
322,
1925,
963,
322,
1009,
8277,
373,
263,
5232,
2594,
479,
363,
4121,
351,
6405,
1846,
5244,
845,
3554,
297,
1906,
3841,
892,
1603,
15220,
1747,
322,
278,
7512,
310,
7365,
728,
1056,
29915,
29879,
770,
471,
12558,
22470,
29889,
940,
723,
2244,
263,
2846,
8041,
304,
2436,
1554,
363,
278,
1494,
4723,
29892,
472,
607,
931,
896,
723,
1303,
278,
1121,
394,
2736,
1550,
278,
1791,
310,
502,
3290,
297,
5758,
2164,
322,
443,
510,
1457,
29882,
2548,
15142,
29892,
10223
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| 1.747824 | 0.384788 | 0.359659 | 0.64357 |
atory to saying absolutely nothing about it. This went on for several weeks before Krishna turned to me and said, "Tom, why don't you put up something next?"
All right, why not? This was a writing class, after all, and if I'd been selected for it, I must have been a writer of some sort. Problem was, I'd never actually written anything—other than classroom essays, that is, and now I was confronted with the problem of coming up with something creative, be it a short story, a poem, or (wait a minute) a play. We'd been reading the absurdist playwrights in another class, one I attended sporadically and failed miserably, but which featured amazing material in the required texts: "The Bald Soprano"; "Waiting for Godot"; "Rhinoceros"; "The Balcony." I was attracted to these works in particular because it was readily apparent that their authors were wise guys just like me—albeit very sophisticated, very nasty, and very funny wise guys. I wrote a one-act play. Ten or twelve pages. It was called "The Foot," and it dealt with a couple grieving over the loss of their child to the jaws of an alligator; all that remained of him was his left foot, dressed in a tennis shoe, and set in the middle of the coffee table like a holiday centerpiece.
I should say that Krishna—Dr. Vaid—had a face of stone. He never showed the slightest glimmer of joy, transport, hate, hope, disgust, boredom, or mental affliction while my fellow students read out their convoluted and baffling poems. And so, when he nodded to me and I began to read my play aloud, I knew—or thought I knew—what to expect. What ensued was one of the sweet surprises of my life. Krishna began to smile and then to grin and chuckle and finally to laugh without constraint. Grudgingly, my fellow students (who, like me, were the lame and halt of the campus, bearing all sorts of scars both visible and invisible and who were unanimous in their contempt for one another and by extension one another's work) began to drop a sotto voce chuckle here and there. When I finished, flushed with the sort of exhilaration that only comes from driving the ball over the net and directly into your opponent's face, Krishna began to applaud, and so too, though it killed them, did my fellow students. That was it. That was all it took. I was hooked.
Examine the elements involved in this essential scene I've just described to you—visible triumph and public adulation, the trumping of one's competitors, the humble acceptance of the laurel wreath, and the promise of dizzying triumphs to come. It was heady, heady indeed, and it would be usual to say that I never looked back, that I educated myself, worked diligently to develop my talent, and flew like a great stinking harpy eagle to the very heights of Parnassus, but that wouldn't be accurate. I became hooked, it's true, but the drug I craved required dedication, required work, and I soon found other drugs that required nothing more than an open mouth or a trembling blue vein to receive them. Oh, I wrote some short stories in the way I might have taken the clothes to the cleaner's or mowed the lawn for my father (who sat in his Barcalounger cradling his drink as if it were about to explode), but I didn't feel any urgency, any purpose.
I was twenty-one and I was unreflective and dope-addled, washed along in the hippie current like the spawn of a barnacle. I didn't know anything. I didn't care about anything. I fell in with some people—and their names are on my lips like the taste of sugar, but I won't name them—and these people showed me how to cook heroin and shoot it in my veins, a skinny man like me with no fat to hide those swollen blue conduits to my heart. That lasted two years, weekends mostly, and then a friend OD'd and it scared the holy sweet literature out of me. I was no junkie moron, I was a writer, though I didn't actually write anything, but I wasn't hooked on that scene
|
[
7606,
304,
5934,
13312,
3078,
1048,
372,
29889,
910,
3512,
373,
363,
3196,
11405,
1434,
7365,
728,
1056,
6077,
304,
592,
322,
1497,
29892,
376,
21599,
29892,
2020,
1016,
29915,
29873,
366,
1925,
701,
1554,
2446,
3026,
13,
3596,
1492,
29892,
2020,
451,
29973,
910,
471,
263,
5007,
770,
29892,
1156,
599,
29892,
322,
565,
306,
29915,
29881,
1063,
4629,
363,
372,
29892,
306,
1818,
505,
1063,
263,
9227,
310,
777,
2656,
29889,
11583,
471,
29892,
306,
29915,
29881,
2360,
2869,
3971,
3099,
30003,
1228,
1135,
770,
8345,
3686,
1036,
29892,
393,
338,
29892,
322,
1286,
306,
471,
21751,
287,
411,
278,
1108,
310,
6421,
701,
411,
1554,
907,
1230,
29892,
367,
372,
263,
3273,
5828,
29892,
263,
26576,
29892,
470,
313,
10685,
263,
11015,
29897,
263,
1708,
29889,
1334,
29915,
29881,
1063,
5183,
278,
6425,
332,
5721,
1708,
29893,
1266,
29879,
297,
1790,
770,
29892,
697,
306,
14283,
805,
272,
328,
1711,
322,
5229,
27788,
2197,
29892,
541,
607,
15000,
21863,
292,
5518,
297,
278,
3734,
26442,
29901,
376,
1576,
23874,
317,
459,
12776,
1769,
376,
15716,
292,
363,
4177,
327,
1769,
376,
29934,
11222,
542,
9672,
1769,
376,
1576,
7392,
535,
29891,
1213,
306,
471,
13978,
287,
304,
1438,
1736,
297,
3153,
1363,
372,
471,
28520,
20295,
393,
1009,
15717,
892,
19396,
18239,
925,
763,
592,
30003,
284,
6205,
1407,
269,
3021,
4695,
630,
29892,
1407,
11777,
29891,
29892,
322,
1407,
2090,
1460,
19396,
18239,
29889,
306,
5456,
263,
697,
29899,
627,
1708,
29889,
12444,
470,
17680,
6515,
29889,
739,
471,
2000,
376,
1576,
7527,
1699,
322,
372,
316,
1997,
411,
263,
7303,
867,
15387,
975,
278,
6410,
310,
1009,
2278,
304,
278,
432,
10467,
310,
385,
599,
335,
1061,
29936,
599,
393,
9488,
310,
1075,
471,
670,
2175,
3661,
29892,
27121,
297,
263,
22556,
528,
7297,
29892,
322,
731,
297,
278,
7256,
310,
278,
26935,
1591,
763,
263,
8753,
22394,
4818,
12343,
346,
29889,
13,
29902,
881,
1827,
393,
7365,
728,
1056,
30003,
25639,
29889,
12549,
333,
30003,
21312,
263,
3700,
310,
12565,
29889,
940,
2360,
10018,
278,
7248,
342,
330,
2576,
1050,
310,
15331,
29892,
8608,
29892,
26277,
29892,
4966,
29892,
766,
29887,
504,
29892,
289,
4395,
290,
29892,
470,
19119,
2756,
506,
12757,
1550,
590,
10404,
8041,
1303,
714,
1009,
378,
1555,
3860,
322,
289,
3470,
1847,
772,
1567,
29889,
1126,
577,
29892,
746,
540,
18778,
7176,
304,
592,
322,
306,
4689,
304,
1303,
590,
1708,
394,
2736,
29892,
306,
6363,
30003,
272,
2714,
306,
6363,
30003,
5816,
304,
2149,
29889,
1724,
427,
2146,
287,
471,
697,
310,
278,
14225,
11468,
4637,
310,
590,
2834,
29889,
7365,
728,
1056,
4689,
304,
17819,
322,
769,
304,
867,
262,
322,
521,
2707,
280,
322,
7146,
304,
10569,
1728,
7276,
29889,
1632,
566,
3460,
368,
29892,
590,
10404,
8041,
313,
15970,
29892,
763,
592,
29892,
892,
278,
301,
420,
322,
25212,
310,
278,
24165,
29892,
24638,
599,
23551,
310,
885,
1503,
1716,
7962,
322,
27597,
322,
1058,
892,
443,
11576,
681,
297,
1009,
640,
3456,
363,
697,
1790,
322,
491,
6081,
697,
1790,
29915,
29879,
664,
29897,
4689,
304,
5768,
263,
17217,
25888,
521,
2707,
280,
1244,
322,
727,
29889,
1932,
306,
7743,
29892,
1652,
15392,
411,
278,
2656,
310,
429,
29882,
2327,
362,
393,
871,
5304,
515,
19500,
278,
8287,
975,
278,
7787,
322,
4153,
964,
596,
23995,
296,
29915,
29879,
3700,
29892,
7365,
728,
1056,
4689,
304,
623,
433,
566,
29892,
322,
577,
2086,
29892,
2466,
372,
9445,
963,
29892,
1258,
590,
10404,
8041,
29889,
2193,
471,
372,
29889,
2193,
471,
599,
372,
3614,
29889,
306,
471,
12422,
287,
29889,
13,
1252,
314,
457,
278,
3161,
9701,
297,
445,
18853,
9088,
306,
29915,
345,
925,
5439,
304,
366,
30003,
12872,
24124,
322,
970,
594,
2785,
29892,
278,
534,
3427,
292,
310,
697,
29915,
29879,
5100,
17259,
29892,
278,
3165,
569,
3544,
749,
310,
278,
425,
545,
29880,
281,
276,
493,
29892,
322,
278,
11640,
310,
270,
466,
1537,
292,
24124,
29879,
304,
2041,
29889,
739,
471,
2343,
29891,
29892,
2343,
29891,
6200,
29892,
322,
372,
723,
367,
9670,
304,
1827,
393,
306,
2360,
5148,
1250,
29892,
393,
306,
27729,
6142,
29892,
3796,
21749,
335,
2705,
304,
2693,
590,
24242,
29892,
322,
9115,
29893,
763,
263,
2107,
380,
18159,
4023,
2272,
321,
20860,
304,
278,
1407,
3171,
29879,
310,
1459,
29876,
465,
375,
29892,
541,
393,
7656,
29915,
29873,
367,
16232,
29889,
306,
3897,
12422,
287,
29892,
372,
29915,
29879,
1565,
29892,
541,
278,
15721,
306,
12220,
1490,
3734,
8856,
362,
29892,
3734,
664,
29892,
322,
306,
4720,
1476,
916,
5883,
3174,
393,
3734,
3078,
901,
1135,
385,
1722,
13394,
470,
263,
14586,
21435,
7254,
2453,
262,
304,
7150,
963,
29889,
6439,
29892,
306,
5456,
777,
3273,
15874,
297,
278,
982,
306,
1795,
505,
4586,
278,
22095,
304,
278,
27372,
29915,
29879,
470,
286,
20937,
278,
425,
1233,
363,
590,
4783,
313,
15970,
3290,
297,
670,
2261,
1052,
283,
865,
261,
2181,
328,
1847,
670,
13748,
408,
565,
372,
892,
1048,
304,
3902,
356,
511,
541,
306,
3282,
29915,
29873,
4459,
738,
5065,
14703,
29892,
738,
6437,
29889,
13,
29902,
471,
10081,
29899,
650,
322,
306,
471,
443,
13191,
573,
322,
437,
412,
29899,
1202,
839,
29892,
471,
17143,
3412,
297,
278,
7251,
407,
347,
1857,
763,
278,
29178,
310,
263,
2594,
29876,
6436,
29889,
306,
3282,
29915,
29873,
1073,
3099,
29889,
306,
3282,
29915,
29873,
2562,
1048,
3099,
29889,
306,
8379,
297,
411,
777,
2305,
30003,
392,
1009,
2983,
526,
373,
590,
17186,
763,
278,
21779,
310,
26438,
29892,
541,
306,
2113,
29915,
29873,
1024,
963,
30003,
392,
1438,
2305,
10018,
592,
920,
304,
7984,
13444,
262,
322,
15049,
372,
297,
590,
2453,
1144,
29892,
263,
19309,
1460,
767,
763,
592,
411,
694,
9950,
304,
9563,
1906,
2381,
324,
2435,
7254,
13417,
1169,
304,
590,
5192,
29889,
2193,
1833,
287,
1023,
2440,
29892,
4723,
1975,
11149,
29892,
322,
769,
263,
5121,
438,
29928,
29915,
29881,
322,
372,
885,
1965,
278,
26630,
14225,
12845,
714,
310,
592,
29889,
306,
471,
694,
432,
2960,
347,
3036,
265,
29892,
306,
471,
263,
9227,
29892,
2466,
306,
3282,
29915,
29873,
2869,
2436,
3099,
29892,
541,
306,
9007,
29915,
29873,
12422,
287,
373,
393,
9088
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| 1.46525 | -0.022717 | -0.327818 | 0.043386 |
and those people and what we bought for three and five dollars a bag on South Street in Peekskill, where whole blocks were burned out and boarded up in the wake of the Martin Luther King riots. It took me two years more—and the term Quaalude speaks to me here—to get out of there, but get out I did. I wrote a story about those times—"The OD and Hepatitis Railroad or Bust"—and Robley Wilson Jr. published it in The North American Review. On the strength of that I applied to Iowa and Iowa accepted me. I'd never been west of New Jersey, and I didn't know Iowa from Ohio—or Idaho, for that matter. But it wasn't all that complicated, really: my girlfriend and my dog climbed into the car, we marked out the route on the map, and headed out on I-80.
It was late summer in Iowa, hills and square-faced buildings and leaves as green as a feat of the imagination. There was a party for new students on a muggy September day in one of those big old houses downtown somewhere, and I remember Fred Exley swaggering in with two shining and beautiful students in tow, one male and one female, and a quart bottle of vodka, from which he was swigging as if it were a big cold translucent beer. It would be many years later, when Pages From a Cold Island came out, before I understood where he'd been and what his frame of mind might have been like that day, but at any rate I was impressed: here was a writer. In fact, that first semester I had my choice of studying with one of five writers: Vance Bourjaily, Exley, Gail Godwin, John Irving, or Jack Leggett. I chose Vance, and I chose right. He became my next father/mentor, and the first one I didn't let down. Because I was different now, I was hooked truly and absolutely, and I wasn't going to let anything interfere with getting the words out—or at least wholly giving myself over to the trial for the for the first time in my life.
Something had happened to me, something inexplicable even to this day: I felt a power in me. I don't mean to get mystical here, because science has killed mysticism for me, to my everlasting regret, but suddenly, though I'd done nothing to earn it, I felt strong, superior, invincible. People said I had a chip on my shoulder—they still do—and I suppose that's right, but what is cockiness, arrogance, whatever you want to call it, but a kind of preemptive strike against your own weaknesses? And without such a strike, what chance is there of succeeding? I felt a power. I wrote. I read everything. I enrolled in the Ph.D. program at the same time I started my M.F.A., and here I met the last of my academic mentors, Frederick P.W. McDowell, who taught me professionalism and a love of nineteenth-century British literature. (I once made an obscure point about an obscure poet while we were waiting to get into the classroom for his lecture, and he went silent a moment, gave me a wood-stripping look, and said, "Mr. Boyle, I have no doubt that you will ultimately have the discipline to complete the requirements for your doctoral degree, and let me tell you, not all of them do.")
But Vance. Vance was a wonder. He was a rock, calm and collected, and his presence at the other end of the room as he paused to roll a cigarette or make a laconic point was deeply comforting. His was the first class I walked into at the Workshop, and it was all-male. I guess there were maybe fifteen or sixteen students gathered there, most older than I, and all but three (myself included) were writing about their experiences in Vietnam. My story went up the first week. It wasn't about Vietnam. It was about being a hippie in a certain hippie milieu, one who shot dope, and it used a few repeated images to achieve its effect. Vance liked it. My fellow students liked it, with some reservations. It wasn't exactly the kind of experience I'd had in Krishna's class, but I was in a much bigger arena now, and the experience uplifted me (as did Vance's advocacy, later in the semester, of my allegory
|
[
322,
1906,
2305,
322,
825,
591,
18093,
363,
2211,
322,
5320,
17208,
263,
19548,
373,
4275,
7103,
297,
3938,
1416,
808,
453,
29892,
988,
3353,
10930,
892,
12138,
287,
714,
322,
7613,
287,
701,
297,
278,
281,
1296,
310,
278,
6502,
24760,
4088,
10107,
1862,
29889,
739,
3614,
592,
1023,
2440,
901,
30003,
392,
278,
1840,
751,
16113,
1151,
7726,
29879,
304,
592,
1244,
30003,
517,
679,
714,
310,
727,
29892,
541,
679,
714,
306,
1258,
29889,
306,
5456,
263,
5828,
1048,
1906,
3064,
30003,
29908,
1576,
438,
29928,
322,
940,
5031,
23448,
9620,
9972,
470,
350,
504,
29908,
30003,
392,
1528,
569,
29891,
13015,
13843,
29889,
6369,
372,
297,
450,
4644,
3082,
13957,
29889,
1551,
278,
9324,
310,
393,
306,
7436,
304,
25327,
322,
25327,
9259,
592,
29889,
306,
29915,
29881,
2360,
1063,
5833,
310,
1570,
14500,
29892,
322,
306,
3282,
29915,
29873,
1073,
25327,
515,
15821,
30003,
272,
5163,
29745,
29892,
363,
393,
4383,
29889,
1205,
372,
9007,
29915,
29873,
599,
393,
12092,
29892,
2289,
29901,
590,
7826,
18326,
322,
590,
11203,
10784,
2580,
964,
278,
1559,
29892,
591,
10902,
714,
278,
5782,
373,
278,
2910,
29892,
322,
2343,
287,
714,
373,
306,
29899,
29947,
29900,
29889,
13,
3112,
471,
5683,
11801,
297,
25327,
29892,
22696,
322,
6862,
29899,
17470,
287,
13814,
322,
11308,
408,
7933,
408,
263,
1238,
271,
310,
278,
28038,
29889,
1670,
471,
263,
6263,
363,
716,
8041,
373,
263,
286,
688,
1927,
3839,
2462,
297,
697,
310,
1906,
4802,
2030,
12955,
16611,
593,
776,
9051,
29892,
322,
306,
6456,
12001,
1222,
2330,
2381,
9921,
292,
297,
411,
1023,
528,
2827,
322,
9560,
8041,
297,
304,
29893,
29892,
697,
14263,
322,
697,
12944,
29892,
322,
263,
10256,
18046,
280,
310,
325,
397,
1335,
29892,
515,
607,
540,
471,
2381,
335,
3460,
408,
565,
372,
892,
263,
4802,
11220,
5578,
1682,
296,
367,
261,
29889,
739,
723,
367,
1784,
2440,
2678,
29892,
746,
349,
1179,
3645,
263,
26731,
7935,
2996,
714,
29892,
1434,
306,
11098,
988,
540,
29915,
29881,
1063,
322,
825,
670,
3515,
310,
3458,
1795,
505,
1063,
763,
393,
2462,
29892,
541,
472,
738,
6554,
306,
471,
527,
13120,
29901,
1244,
471,
263,
9227,
29889,
512,
2114,
29892,
393,
937,
3031,
4156,
306,
750,
590,
7348,
310,
23382,
411,
697,
310,
5320,
23550,
29901,
478,
749,
12340,
29926,
8683,
29892,
1222,
2330,
29892,
402,
737,
4177,
5080,
29892,
2259,
6600,
1747,
29892,
470,
5457,
5682,
657,
29873,
29889,
306,
12784,
478,
749,
29892,
322,
306,
12784,
1492,
29889,
940,
3897,
590,
2446,
4783,
29914,
358,
272,
29892,
322,
278,
937,
697,
306,
3282,
29915,
29873,
1235,
1623,
29889,
7311,
306,
471,
1422,
1286,
29892,
306,
471,
12422,
287,
19781,
322,
13312,
29892,
322,
306,
9007,
29915,
29873,
2675,
304,
1235,
3099,
1006,
29888,
406,
411,
2805,
278,
3838,
714,
30003,
272,
472,
3203,
377,
18368,
6820,
6142,
975,
304,
278,
14260,
363,
278,
363,
278,
937,
931,
297,
590,
2834,
29889,
13,
16804,
750,
9559,
304,
592,
29892,
1554,
297,
4548,
506,
519,
1584,
304,
445,
2462,
29901,
306,
7091,
263,
3081,
297,
592,
29889,
306,
1016,
29915,
29873,
2099,
304,
679,
16624,
936,
1244,
29892,
1363,
10466,
756,
9445,
16624,
293,
1608,
363,
592,
29892,
304,
590,
3926,
4230,
292,
28883,
29892,
541,
11584,
29892,
2466,
306,
29915,
29881,
2309,
3078,
304,
2326,
29876,
372,
29892,
306,
7091,
4549,
29892,
11558,
29892,
2437,
2173,
569,
29889,
11647,
1497,
306,
750,
263,
29830,
373,
590,
23468,
30003,
19562,
1603,
437,
30003,
392,
306,
7755,
393,
29915,
29879,
1492,
29892,
541,
825,
338,
1302,
384,
3335,
29892,
564,
9102,
749,
29892,
6514,
366,
864,
304,
1246,
372,
29892,
541,
263,
2924,
310,
758,
3456,
573,
21283,
2750,
596,
1914,
8062,
2264,
267,
29973,
1126,
1728,
1316,
263,
21283,
29892,
825,
8825,
338,
727,
310,
9269,
292,
29973,
306,
7091,
263,
3081,
29889,
306,
5456,
29889,
306,
1303,
4129,
29889,
306,
427,
24476,
297,
278,
1963,
29889,
29928,
29889,
1824,
472,
278,
1021,
931,
306,
4687,
590,
341,
29889,
29943,
29889,
29909,
1696,
322,
1244,
306,
1539,
278,
1833,
310,
590,
21567,
6042,
943,
29892,
19769,
349,
29889,
29956,
29889,
4052,
29928,
340,
514,
29892,
1058,
16187,
592,
10257,
1608,
322,
263,
5360,
310,
17081,
2650,
9097,
29899,
27371,
4908,
12845,
29889,
313,
29902,
2748,
1754,
385,
19726,
545,
1298,
1048,
385,
19726,
545,
9821,
1550,
591,
892,
10534,
304,
679,
964,
278,
770,
8345,
363,
670,
29197,
29892,
322,
540,
3512,
17436,
263,
3256,
29892,
4846,
592,
263,
8112,
29899,
303,
374,
3262,
1106,
29892,
322,
1497,
29892,
376,
20335,
29889,
1952,
1508,
29892,
306,
505,
694,
7404,
393,
366,
674,
18973,
505,
278,
29822,
304,
4866,
278,
11780,
363,
596,
11619,
284,
7426,
29892,
322,
1235,
592,
2649,
366,
29892,
451,
599,
310,
963,
437,
23157,
13,
6246,
478,
749,
29889,
478,
749,
471,
263,
4997,
29889,
940,
471,
263,
7679,
29892,
21732,
322,
16531,
29892,
322,
670,
10122,
472,
278,
916,
1095,
310,
278,
5716,
408,
540,
28454,
304,
9679,
263,
29507,
10474,
371,
470,
1207,
263,
425,
535,
293,
1298,
471,
24344,
13016,
292,
29889,
3600,
471,
278,
937,
770,
306,
17096,
964,
472,
278,
5244,
19032,
29892,
322,
372,
471,
599,
29899,
19202,
29889,
306,
4140,
727,
892,
5505,
25020,
470,
4832,
9404,
8041,
22229,
727,
29892,
1556,
9642,
1135,
306,
29892,
322,
599,
541,
2211,
313,
5781,
761,
5134,
29897,
892,
5007,
1048,
1009,
27482,
297,
18444,
29889,
1619,
5828,
3512,
701,
278,
937,
4723,
29889,
739,
9007,
29915,
29873,
1048,
18444,
29889,
739,
471,
1048,
1641,
263,
7251,
407,
347,
297,
263,
3058,
7251,
407,
347,
22591,
29892,
697,
1058,
10322,
437,
412,
29892,
322,
372,
1304,
263,
2846,
10324,
4558,
304,
6176,
967,
2779,
29889,
478,
749,
23289,
372,
29889,
1619,
10404,
8041,
23289,
372,
29892,
411,
777,
620,
6972,
800,
29889,
739,
9007,
29915,
29873,
3721,
278,
2924,
310,
7271,
306,
29915,
29881,
750,
297,
7365,
728,
1056,
29915,
29879,
770,
29892,
541,
306,
471,
297,
263,
1568,
16600,
564,
2386,
1286,
29892,
322,
278,
7271,
318,
572,
2027,
287,
592,
313,
294,
1258,
478,
749,
29915,
29879,
22545,
4135,
29892,
2678,
297,
278,
3031,
4156,
29892,
310,
590,
16831,
706
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| 2.095608 | 0.322494 | 0.321105 | 0.375416 |
, "Bloodfall"). In fact, the three writers I was fortunate enough to study with at Iowa—Vance, John Cheever, and Vance's former student, John Irving—were all exceptionally generous and supportive. And that's what a young writer needs to feed his addiction—that kind of praise and gentle criticism that leads to a wider ratification. Yes, you begin to think, I am a writer, after all. Not just in the little world I came from, but in the big world, too.
John Cheever was like a wind blowing out of some remote place. He dressed formally, in suits and bow ties, and he spoke with the accent of a time and place none of us had ever been to or even imagined. We must have been equally mystifying to him, with our raggedy hair and beards and clothes the Goodwill would have rejected, but he was game. He didn't have much of an idea of what to do as a teacher, and this was complicated by the fact that he was drunk much of the time, and yet he read our stories carefully and praised them if they were worthy of praise. I kept making noises about "experimental writing" and hailing people like Coover, Pynchon, Barthelme, and John Barth, but Cheever would have none of it. He couldn't make any sense out of The Sot Weed Factor and didn't see that it was worth the effort of trying. Further, he insisted that his writing was experimental, too, but I didn't really get what he meant till he published his collected stories five years later and I reread things like "The Death of Justina," as dark and haunting a dream of a story and anything I've read by anyone. All good fiction is experimental, he was telling me, and don't get caught up in fads.
For the next three years most of the writing I did was for my Ph.D., fifty-page analyses of Tennyson, Keats, and Matthew Arnold and the like, but I'd begun to feel a need for the rush of accomplishment that only fiction could give me and I wrote stories whenever I could. "Descent of Man," "Heart of a Champion," "We Are Norsemen," "The Champ," and "A Women's Restaurant" date from that period, and these stories—mad, absurd, hyperbolic, but mine, all mine—began to appear not only in the smaller magazines, but in Esquire, The Paris Review, and The Atlantic Monthly. I was a writer. Sure, I was—and there was the proof of it. But when I finished up at Iowa in 1977, I began to realize that there was one more step to take.
Ray Carver had been living in town a few years earlier, in the Cheever days (they drank together at the Mill, and I'll never know why the local historical society hasn't affixed little brass markers to the stools they perched themselves on during those long hard hours of draining glasses and lighting cigarettes), and now he was back to teach in the Workshop. Will You Please Be Quiet Please? had come out that year and confirmed what we students had known all along: that Ray was the best short story writer of his time. He amazed and inspired me. We talked about selling stories to little magazines—selling them, that is, once they'd been brought up out of nothing and given shape—but we didn't talk much about craft. In fact, I can't remember discussing craft with anybody then—it was just a given, a path you took because you were a writer able to assimilate all the stories there were and make something wholly different out of them and the discomforts and fleeting joys of your own circumscribed life. Anyway, Ray was the apotheosis of what I wanted to become, and I said as much to John Irving once—that is, "I don't want to write novels, only stories, like Ray"—and John opined that I might change my mind someday.
He was right. I did change my mind. With a vengeance. I began Water Music on finishing my exams, and spent the next three years on it, all one hundred-and-four-chapters. I began writing in the mornings, seven days a week, the addiction full-blown finally and surely terminal now, and I've been working on that schedule ever since. I had no more idea of how to write a novel when I started
|
[
29892,
376,
29933,
417,
397,
11950,
2564,
512,
2114,
29892,
278,
2211,
23550,
306,
471,
5162,
348,
403,
3307,
304,
6559,
411,
472,
25327,
30003,
29963,
749,
29892,
2259,
6561,
1310,
29892,
322,
478,
749,
29915,
29879,
4642,
8368,
29892,
2259,
6600,
1747,
30003,
29893,
406,
599,
3682,
635,
1176,
681,
322,
2304,
573,
29889,
1126,
393,
29915,
29879,
825,
263,
4123,
9227,
4225,
304,
8343,
670,
788,
2463,
30003,
5747,
2924,
310,
7213,
895,
322,
9914,
29035,
393,
11981,
304,
263,
25734,
7548,
2450,
29889,
3869,
29892,
366,
3380,
304,
1348,
29892,
306,
626,
263,
9227,
29892,
1156,
599,
29889,
2216,
925,
297,
278,
2217,
3186,
306,
2996,
515,
29892,
541,
297,
278,
4802,
3186,
29892,
2086,
29889,
13,
11639,
6561,
1310,
471,
763,
263,
8805,
13031,
292,
714,
310,
777,
7592,
2058,
29889,
940,
27121,
28269,
29892,
297,
480,
1169,
322,
12580,
260,
583,
29892,
322,
540,
12707,
411,
278,
1035,
296,
310,
263,
931,
322,
2058,
5642,
310,
502,
750,
3926,
1063,
304,
470,
1584,
6382,
1312,
29889,
1334,
1818,
505,
1063,
18018,
16624,
9215,
304,
1075,
29892,
411,
1749,
1153,
1505,
7584,
11315,
322,
367,
3163,
322,
22095,
278,
7197,
14043,
723,
505,
22225,
29892,
541,
540,
471,
3748,
29889,
940,
3282,
29915,
29873,
505,
1568,
310,
385,
2969,
310,
825,
304,
437,
408,
263,
15703,
29892,
322,
445,
471,
12092,
491,
278,
2114,
393,
540,
471,
4192,
2960,
1568,
310,
278,
931,
29892,
322,
3447,
540,
1303,
1749,
15874,
16112,
322,
7213,
3368,
963,
565,
896,
892,
24717,
310,
7213,
895,
29889,
306,
8126,
3907,
694,
4637,
1048,
376,
735,
27910,
5007,
29908,
322,
447,
6504,
2305,
763,
3189,
957,
29892,
349,
948,
305,
265,
29892,
2261,
386,
295,
1004,
29892,
322,
2259,
2261,
386,
29892,
541,
6561,
1310,
723,
505,
5642,
310,
372,
29889,
940,
8496,
29915,
29873,
1207,
738,
4060,
714,
310,
450,
317,
327,
1334,
287,
383,
7168,
322,
3282,
29915,
29873,
1074,
393,
372,
471,
7088,
278,
7225,
310,
1811,
29889,
8725,
29892,
540,
1663,
12652,
393,
670,
5007,
471,
17986,
29892,
2086,
29892,
541,
306,
3282,
29915,
29873,
2289,
679,
825,
540,
6839,
3428,
540,
6369,
670,
16531,
15874,
5320,
2440,
2678,
322,
306,
364,
406,
328,
2712,
763,
376,
1576,
14450,
310,
3387,
1099,
1699,
408,
6501,
322,
447,
348,
1259,
263,
12561,
310,
263,
5828,
322,
3099,
306,
29915,
345,
1303,
491,
5019,
29889,
2178,
1781,
24159,
338,
17986,
29892,
540,
471,
14509,
592,
29892,
322,
1016,
29915,
29873,
679,
12624,
701,
297,
285,
7925,
29889,
13,
2831,
278,
2446,
2211,
2440,
1556,
310,
278,
5007,
306,
1258,
471,
363,
590,
1963,
29889,
29928,
1696,
19044,
29899,
3488,
3483,
952,
267,
310,
323,
2108,
952,
265,
29892,
4813,
1446,
29892,
322,
22292,
20720,
322,
278,
763,
29892,
541,
306,
29915,
29881,
23580,
304,
4459,
263,
817,
363,
278,
364,
1878,
310,
12709,
358,
393,
871,
24159,
1033,
2367,
592,
322,
306,
5456,
15874,
10940,
306,
1033,
29889,
376,
4002,
1760,
310,
2315,
1699,
376,
3868,
442,
310,
263,
5257,
1699,
376,
4806,
4683,
405,
943,
12398,
1699,
376,
1576,
14092,
1699,
322,
376,
29909,
10152,
29915,
29879,
390,
22837,
424,
29908,
2635,
515,
393,
3785,
29892,
322,
1438,
15874,
30003,
19581,
29892,
6425,
18245,
29892,
11266,
2095,
293,
29892,
541,
7903,
29892,
599,
7903,
30003,
28060,
273,
304,
2615,
451,
871,
297,
278,
7968,
2320,
834,
1475,
29892,
541,
297,
3423,
1548,
29892,
450,
3681,
13957,
29892,
322,
450,
19948,
23471,
368,
29889,
306,
471,
263,
9227,
29889,
18585,
29892,
306,
471,
30003,
392,
727,
471,
278,
5296,
310,
372,
29889,
1205,
746,
306,
7743,
701,
472,
25327,
297,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29955,
29955,
29892,
306,
4689,
304,
16289,
393,
727,
471,
697,
901,
4331,
304,
2125,
29889,
13,
29934,
388,
1704,
369,
750,
1063,
8471,
297,
4726,
263,
2846,
2440,
8859,
29892,
297,
278,
6561,
1310,
3841,
313,
19562,
270,
10003,
4208,
472,
278,
8649,
29892,
322,
306,
29915,
645,
2360,
1073,
2020,
278,
1887,
15839,
12459,
22602,
29915,
29873,
2756,
11925,
2217,
1506,
465,
29320,
304,
278,
380,
8789,
896,
639,
26902,
6053,
373,
2645,
1906,
1472,
2898,
6199,
310,
7482,
2827,
12917,
267,
322,
3578,
292,
274,
25667,
698,
267,
511,
322,
1286,
540,
471,
1250,
304,
6860,
297,
278,
5244,
19032,
29889,
2811,
887,
3529,
1522,
751,
2035,
3529,
29973,
750,
2041,
714,
393,
1629,
322,
16725,
825,
591,
8041,
750,
2998,
599,
3412,
29901,
393,
9596,
471,
278,
1900,
3273,
5828,
9227,
310,
670,
931,
29889,
940,
21863,
287,
322,
20603,
592,
29889,
1334,
24867,
1048,
269,
7807,
15874,
304,
2217,
2320,
834,
1475,
30003,
29879,
7807,
963,
29892,
393,
338,
29892,
2748,
896,
29915,
29881,
1063,
6296,
701,
714,
310,
3078,
322,
2183,
8267,
30003,
4187,
591,
3282,
29915,
29873,
5193,
1568,
1048,
25554,
29889,
512,
2114,
29892,
306,
508,
29915,
29873,
6456,
5353,
292,
25554,
411,
16357,
769,
30003,
277,
471,
925,
263,
2183,
29892,
263,
2224,
366,
3614,
1363,
366,
892,
263,
9227,
2221,
304,
24443,
309,
403,
599,
278,
15874,
727,
892,
322,
1207,
1554,
377,
18368,
1422,
714,
310,
963,
322,
278,
766,
510,
3921,
29879,
322,
9115,
15133,
2958,
952,
310,
596,
1914,
3449,
6762,
23059,
2834,
29889,
18110,
29892,
9596,
471,
278,
3095,
10323,
19263,
310,
825,
306,
5131,
304,
4953,
29892,
322,
306,
1497,
408,
1568,
304,
2259,
6600,
1747,
2748,
30003,
5747,
338,
29892,
376,
29902,
1016,
29915,
29873,
864,
304,
2436,
2420,
1379,
29892,
871,
15874,
29892,
763,
9596,
29908,
30003,
392,
2259,
1015,
1312,
393,
306,
1795,
1735,
590,
3458,
1047,
287,
388,
29889,
13,
3868,
471,
1492,
29889,
306,
1258,
1735,
590,
3458,
29889,
2973,
263,
6003,
479,
749,
29889,
306,
4689,
13062,
6125,
373,
28321,
590,
429,
2232,
29892,
322,
10398,
278,
2446,
2211,
2440,
373,
372,
29892,
599,
697,
6893,
29899,
392,
29899,
17823,
29899,
305,
481,
2153,
29889,
306,
4689,
5007,
297,
278,
286,
1398,
886,
29892,
9881,
3841,
263,
4723,
29892,
278,
788,
2463,
2989,
29899,
29890,
677,
29876,
7146,
322,
18880,
8638,
1286,
29892,
322,
306,
29915,
345,
1063,
1985,
373,
393,
20410,
3926,
1951,
29889,
306,
750,
694,
901,
2969,
310,
920,
304,
2436,
263,
9554,
746,
306,
4687
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| 2.356446 | 0.498993 | 0.4547 | 0.73717 |
Kashmir sets up environment tribunals to curb pollution
by Roshan Din Shad | Thomson Reuters Foundation
Friday, 25 April 2014 09:00 GMT
Smoke curls up from rubbish burning under a bridge, as traffic passes by in Muzaffarabad, Pakistan-administered Kashmir. TRF/Roshan Din Shad
This content is also available to read in:
Urdu اُردُو
After 12-year delay courts to hear cases
MUZAFFARABAD, Pakistan (Thomson Reuters Foundation) – Gazing at smoke from the engines of decades-old buses and trucks, mingling with the dust spat out by stone-crushing machines near his bookshop on a busy road in Muzaffarabad, Shoukat Awaz Mir has the satisfaction of knowing that people like him finally have a way to fight pollution: They can sue.
The government of Pakistan-administered Kashmir (Azad Jammu and Kashmir, or AJK) has inaugurated tribunals dedicated to hearing cases against violators of the northern region's environmental laws.
The courts were authorised by the legislative assembly 12 years ago. But officials at the AJK Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) say lack of money prevented it from setting them up until now.
Mir, 40, believes the reason for the change is a petition he filed in 2012 in the High Court, complaining about environmental damage caused by the rebuilding of the city's infrastructure after a devastating 2005 earthquake and a large-scale hydroelectric scheme begun in 2007.
"We have hope that at least issues of pollution will be resolved through environment courts, because now the people have a specific forum to file environment-related complaints," Mir said.
Mir's petition to the High Court seeks to force the government to control damage to the environment in Muzaffarabad, a city of 300,000 people which is the region's capital.
"Due to construction of city infrastructure rehabilitation projects and (a) mega hydroelectric scheme, very heavy traffic is running on roads around the clock, and concerned government agencies have failed to provide any international-standard facility … to secure (the) air from pollution, dust and emission from engines' gases," the petition says.
Air pollution and contamination of water supplies are endangering the health of the city's residents, it says. And the diversion of one of the city's two main rivers for the hydroelectric scheme will lead to even greater concentration of sewage in the water that remains, it adds. Mir's house backs onto the affected river.
Mir believes that even though his petition is still being processed, it prompted the High Court to require the EPA to enforce environmental laws, pushing the EPA to finally secure funds from the government to establish the legal framework for the new courts.
Mir says the courts will pay a pivotal role in preventing and controlling air pollution.
"Work on Muzaffarabad city reconstruction projects will continue for four more years, and if they (building companies) do not sprinkle water to prevent dust, anyone will (be able to) go to the environmental tribunal," Mir said.
There are now environmental courts in each of Pakistan-administered Kashmir's districts, with a tribunal in Muzaffarabad to hear cases involving potential fines of 3 million Pakistani rupees (around $31,000) or above.
Riaz Ahmed, registrar at the new court in Muzaffarabad, said the first two cases to be heard will be against stone-crushing machines in the industrial city of Mirpur, 270 km (170 miles) from Muzaffarabad.
The new system "will raise awareness about environment issues among the masses on the one hand, and prevent violation of environmental laws on the other, due to fear of the courts," said the EPA's director, Aurangzeb Khan.
"The environment is an unseen friend or foe - its degradation does not have visible instant effects, people are unaware of it and consequently its preservation is not taken as seriously as other issues," he added.
LIMITED IMPACT ON STATE?
Shoukat Aziz, a public prosecutor
|
[
476,
1161,
11038,
6166,
701,
5177,
9434,
348,
1338,
304,
3151,
29890,
21180,
918,
13,
1609,
5678,
5403,
15651,
1383,
328,
891,
4609,
1100,
830,
329,
414,
10606,
13,
29943,
2429,
388,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29945,
3786,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29946,
29871,
29900,
29929,
29901,
29900,
29900,
402,
11490,
13,
29903,
4346,
446,
11051,
29879,
701,
515,
14051,
29890,
728,
25535,
1090,
263,
12945,
29892,
408,
12469,
14517,
491,
297,
8229,
1362,
600,
279,
20143,
29892,
21215,
29899,
6406,
1531,
287,
476,
1161,
11038,
29889,
10014,
29943,
29914,
29934,
359,
5403,
15651,
1383,
328,
13,
4013,
2793,
338,
884,
3625,
304,
1303,
297,
29901,
13,
29965,
29878,
700,
29871,
30112,
30711,
30156,
30172,
30711,
30171,
13,
13555,
29871,
29896,
29906,
29899,
6360,
9055,
28033,
304,
8293,
4251,
13,
29924,
29965,
29999,
29909,
4198,
1718,
2882,
3035,
29892,
21215,
313,
1349,
290,
1100,
830,
329,
414,
10606,
29897,
785,
15853,
292,
472,
25158,
515,
278,
24000,
310,
1602,
3076,
29899,
1025,
3593,
267,
322,
534,
2707,
29879,
29892,
286,
292,
1847,
411,
278,
19786,
805,
271,
714,
491,
12565,
29899,
7283,
21616,
14884,
2978,
670,
3143,
19032,
373,
263,
19587,
6520,
297,
8229,
1362,
600,
279,
20143,
29892,
1383,
283,
29895,
271,
22886,
834,
11612,
756,
278,
26470,
310,
13797,
393,
2305,
763,
1075,
7146,
505,
263,
982,
304,
8589,
21180,
918,
29901,
2688,
508,
12991,
29889,
13,
1576,
5874,
310,
21215,
29899,
6406,
1531,
287,
476,
1161,
11038,
313,
16748,
328,
16131,
2589,
322,
476,
1161,
11038,
29892,
470,
319,
29967,
29968,
29897,
756,
21865,
630,
9434,
348,
1338,
16955,
304,
22514,
4251,
2750,
5537,
4097,
310,
278,
14622,
5120,
29915,
29879,
29380,
14243,
29889,
13,
1576,
28033,
892,
4148,
3368,
491,
278,
13332,
1230,
11470,
29871,
29896,
29906,
2440,
8020,
29889,
1205,
24921,
472,
278,
319,
29967,
29968,
16738,
284,
14409,
428,
29353,
313,
29923,
7228,
29897,
1827,
10225,
310,
6909,
5557,
287,
372,
515,
4444,
963,
701,
2745,
1286,
29889,
13,
29924,
381,
29892,
29871,
29946,
29900,
29892,
1339,
17180,
278,
2769,
363,
278,
1735,
338,
263,
5697,
654,
540,
934,
29881,
297,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29906,
297,
278,
5057,
9245,
29892,
15313,
2827,
1048,
29380,
18658,
8581,
491,
278,
337,
25237,
310,
278,
4272,
29915,
29879,
22035,
12425,
1156,
263,
2906,
579,
1218,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29945,
8437,
339,
1296,
322,
263,
2919,
29899,
7052,
17546,
15436,
2200,
11380,
23580,
297,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29955,
29889,
13,
29908,
4806,
505,
4966,
393,
472,
3203,
5626,
310,
21180,
918,
674,
367,
11527,
1549,
5177,
28033,
29892,
1363,
1286,
278,
2305,
505,
263,
2702,
24179,
304,
934,
5177,
29899,
12817,
15313,
9466,
1699,
11612,
1497,
29889,
13,
29924,
381,
29915,
29879,
5697,
654,
304,
278,
5057,
9245,
1074,
2039,
304,
4889,
278,
5874,
304,
2761,
18658,
304,
278,
5177,
297,
8229,
1362,
600,
279,
20143,
29892,
263,
4272,
310,
29871,
29941,
29900,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
2305,
607,
338,
278,
5120,
29915,
29879,
7483,
29889,
13,
29908,
29928,
434,
304,
7632,
310,
4272,
22035,
12425,
337,
29882,
4427,
7018,
9279,
322,
313,
29874,
29897,
286,
2442,
17546,
15436,
2200,
11380,
29892,
1407,
9416,
12469,
338,
2734,
373,
25320,
2820,
278,
12006,
29892,
322,
15041,
5874,
946,
15942,
505,
5229,
304,
3867,
738,
6121,
29899,
15770,
24454,
16088,
304,
11592,
313,
1552,
29897,
4799,
515,
21180,
918,
29892,
19786,
322,
25477,
515,
24000,
29915,
330,
2129,
1699,
278,
5697,
654,
4083,
29889,
13,
29909,
381,
21180,
918,
322,
640,
314,
3381,
310,
4094,
28075,
526,
1095,
574,
3241,
278,
9045,
310,
278,
4272,
29915,
29879,
24060,
29892,
372,
4083,
29889,
1126,
278,
652,
3259,
310,
697,
310,
278,
4272,
29915,
29879,
1023,
1667,
27515,
363,
278,
17546,
15436,
2200,
11380,
674,
3275,
304,
1584,
7621,
26702,
310,
409,
29893,
482,
297,
278,
4094,
393,
9242,
29892,
372,
12778,
29889,
11612,
29915,
29879,
3699,
1250,
29879,
11480,
278,
15201,
8580,
29889,
13,
29924,
381,
1339,
17180,
393,
1584,
2466,
670,
5697,
654,
338,
1603,
1641,
19356,
29892,
372,
9508,
287,
278,
5057,
9245,
304,
1996,
278,
382,
7228,
304,
427,
10118,
29380,
14243,
29892,
27556,
278,
382,
7228,
304,
7146,
11592,
29199,
515,
278,
5874,
304,
10127,
278,
11706,
6890,
363,
278,
716,
28033,
29889,
13,
29924,
381,
4083,
278,
28033,
674,
5146,
263,
282,
440,
7288,
6297,
297,
5557,
292,
322,
640,
22155,
4799,
21180,
918,
29889,
13,
29908,
5531,
373,
8229,
1362,
600,
279,
20143,
4272,
17789,
4080,
9279,
674,
6773,
363,
3023,
901,
2440,
29892,
322,
565,
896,
313,
25237,
14582,
29897,
437,
451,
7689,
682,
280,
4094,
304,
5557,
19786,
29892,
5019,
674,
313,
915,
2221,
304,
29897,
748,
304,
278,
29380,
9434,
17507,
1699,
11612,
1497,
29889,
13,
8439,
526,
1286,
29380,
28033,
297,
1269,
310,
21215,
29899,
6406,
1531,
287,
476,
1161,
11038,
29915,
29879,
24172,
29892,
411,
263,
9434,
17507,
297,
8229,
1362,
600,
279,
20143,
304,
8293,
4251,
21677,
7037,
1436,
267,
310,
29871,
29941,
7284,
14371,
391,
3270,
5796,
412,
267,
313,
11316,
395,
29941,
29896,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
29897,
470,
2038,
29889,
13,
29934,
423,
29920,
9070,
2168,
29892,
21557,
279,
472,
278,
716,
8973,
297,
8229,
1362,
600,
279,
20143,
29892,
1497,
278,
937,
1023,
4251,
304,
367,
6091,
674,
367,
2750,
12565,
29899,
7283,
21616,
14884,
297,
278,
18408,
4272,
310,
11612,
15503,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29955,
29900,
2383,
313,
29896,
29955,
29900,
7800,
29897,
515,
8229,
1362,
600,
279,
20143,
29889,
13,
1576,
716,
1788,
376,
14043,
12020,
3773,
8326,
404,
1048,
5177,
5626,
4249,
278,
23063,
373,
278,
697,
1361,
29892,
322,
5557,
5537,
362,
310,
29380,
14243,
373,
278,
916,
29892,
2861,
304,
8866,
310,
278,
28033,
1699,
1497,
278,
382,
7228,
29915,
29879,
8881,
29892,
23266,
574,
29920,
774,
18915,
29889,
13,
29908,
1576,
5177,
338,
385,
443,
28026,
5121,
470,
1701,
29872,
448,
967,
316,
5105,
362,
947,
451,
505,
7962,
14426,
9545,
29892,
2305,
526,
1185,
2519,
310,
372,
322,
14161,
2705,
967,
2225,
20525,
338,
451,
4586,
408,
25798,
408,
916,
5626,
1699,
540,
2715,
29889,
13,
5265,
26349,
3352,
306,
3580,
17923,
6732,
6850,
3040,
29973,
13,
2713,
283,
29895,
271,
4709,
466,
29892,
263,
970,
410,
3471,
3406
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| 0.347858 | 0.155729 | 0.795412 | 0.63598 |
OPSB issues draft BigWind siting rules- the joke is on us
This past week the Ohio Power Siting Board released its industrial wind facility "Draft Rules" for comment. The OPSB release states:
The public is invited to submit comments on these rules. In an entry dated September 22, 2016, the Ohio Power Siting Board (OPSB) issued proposed rules applicable to wind‑powered electric generation facilities in amended Ohio Administrative Code 4906‑4‑08 and newly proposed 4906‑4‑09. The OPSB requests that interested persons submit formal written comments on the proposed rules by October 24, 2016 and reply comments by November 8, 2016. The entry and proposed rules are available in the online record for case number 16-1109-GE-BRO. (We have also attached the proposed rules below.)
Stakeholders may submit comments in case number 16-1109-GE-BRO via electronic filing or in hard copy to: PUCO Docketing Division, 11th Floor, 180 East Broad Street, Columbus, Ohio 43215. Following the conclusion of the comment and reply comment period, the OPSB will later issue final rules to be reviewed by the Ohio Joint Committee on Agency Rule Review before taking effect.
Questions regarding the rulemaking may be directed to contactopsb@puco.ohio.gov.
Having only given the draft rules a cursory look, we cannot provide you with our detailed assessment at this time BUT we can say they appear to be a complete farce and that they fail to provide any real enforceable protection for residents and property owners. For instance, the draft rule at page 28 addresses noise at adjacent non-participating property. Everyone knows that sound from wind turbines can propagate across miles and varies depending on topography. This alone is an indicator that the rules are designed to facilitate the construction of industrial wind and nothing else. In order to make the industrial power plants seem benign, the rule actually changes the word wind "facility" to wind "farm". Gee – will fracking sites become oil and gas farms? Anyone up for a nuclear farm?
We all remember the blade failure in Paulding County which occurred as a result of human error when an employee in some remote control center restarted a turbine that had been automatically shut down. Not to worry going forward! The new rules outlaw human error! "Bypass or override of wind turbine safety features or equipment is prohibited." Feel better now? Not only that, the rules now require the developer to give their best guess on "probabilities" of bad things happening. If the developer doesn't think that there is a real good chance that high winds could be dangerous, or ice throws could smash through your car window while you are driving down a road, or hit your children while playing in their yards, then Hakuna Matata! No worries!
The rules include the following provisions:
(6) High winds. The applicant shall provide an analysis of the prospects of high winds for the area, including the probability of occurrences and likely consequences of various wind velocities, and describe plans to mitigate any likely adverse consequences.
(1) The ice throw analysis shall, at a minimum, include the probability of ice throw impacts at the nearest property boundary and public road.
(3) In addition to the use of the safety measures enumerated in paragraph (E)(2) of this rule, the potential impact from ice throw shall be presumptively deemed to satisfy safety considerations if the probability of one kilogram of ice landing beyond the statutory property line setback for each turbine location is less than one per cent per year.
We invite you to consider the proposed rule on Noise below which is followed by Union Neighbors United's January 18th noise comments filed with the OPSB. UNU's comments were more fully described by its expert noise advisor again on June 9, 2016. Those written comments are attached. The only thing one can say about these "rules" is that once again the OPSB is attempting to provide wind developers with an "unregulated" environment under the guise of "regulation." Regulation that protects no one is hardly regulation.
OPSB Draft Noise Rule
(2) The facility shall be operated so that the facility noise contribution does not result in noise levels at the adjacent non-participating property that exceed the project area ambient nighttime average sound level (Leq) by
|
[
6418,
1744,
5626,
18195,
7997,
29956,
513,
7845,
292,
6865,
29899,
278,
2958,
446,
338,
373,
502,
13,
4013,
4940,
4723,
278,
15821,
9206,
317,
11407,
12590,
5492,
967,
18408,
8805,
24454,
376,
29928,
4154,
390,
2540,
29908,
363,
3440,
29889,
450,
6418,
1744,
6507,
5922,
29901,
13,
1576,
970,
338,
23610,
304,
9752,
6589,
373,
1438,
6865,
29889,
512,
385,
6251,
29797,
3839,
29871,
29906,
29906,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
29892,
278,
15821,
9206,
317,
11407,
12590,
313,
4590,
1744,
29897,
16610,
7972,
6865,
22903,
304,
8805,
30477,
13519,
287,
12646,
12623,
23330,
297,
626,
2760,
15821,
24510,
1230,
5920,
29871,
29946,
29929,
29900,
29953,
30477,
29946,
30477,
29900,
29947,
322,
15141,
7972,
29871,
29946,
29929,
29900,
29953,
30477,
29946,
30477,
29900,
29929,
29889,
450,
6418,
1744,
7274,
393,
8852,
12407,
9752,
11595,
3971,
6589,
373,
278,
7972,
6865,
491,
5533,
29871,
29906,
29946,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
322,
8908,
6589,
491,
3979,
29871,
29947,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
29889,
450,
6251,
322,
7972,
6865,
526,
3625,
297,
278,
7395,
2407,
363,
1206,
1353,
29871,
29896,
29953,
29899,
29896,
29896,
29900,
29929,
29899,
1692,
29899,
29933,
1672,
29889,
313,
4806,
505,
884,
10959,
278,
7972,
6865,
2400,
1846,
13,
855,
1296,
8948,
414,
1122,
9752,
6589,
297,
1206,
1353,
29871,
29896,
29953,
29899,
29896,
29896,
29900,
29929,
29899,
1692,
29899,
29933,
1672,
3025,
27758,
977,
292,
470,
297,
2898,
3509,
304,
29901,
349,
29965,
3217,
360,
9749,
292,
7946,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29896,
386,
383,
10102,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29900,
6932,
12046,
7103,
29892,
11990,
375,
29892,
15821,
29871,
29946,
29941,
29906,
29896,
29945,
29889,
12206,
278,
15997,
310,
278,
3440,
322,
8908,
3440,
3785,
29892,
278,
6418,
1744,
674,
2678,
2228,
2186,
6865,
304,
367,
9076,
287,
491,
278,
15821,
435,
2461,
12930,
373,
29353,
27308,
13957,
1434,
5622,
2779,
29889,
13,
2182,
2297,
11211,
278,
5751,
28990,
1122,
367,
10624,
304,
6958,
3554,
29890,
29992,
3746,
1111,
29889,
1148,
601,
29889,
13513,
29889,
13,
29950,
5555,
871,
2183,
278,
18195,
6865,
263,
18580,
706,
1106,
29892,
591,
2609,
3867,
366,
411,
1749,
13173,
24809,
358,
472,
445,
931,
350,
2692,
591,
508,
1827,
896,
2615,
304,
367,
263,
4866,
2215,
346,
322,
393,
896,
4418,
304,
3867,
738,
1855,
427,
10118,
519,
13047,
363,
24060,
322,
2875,
1914,
414,
29889,
1152,
2777,
29892,
278,
18195,
5751,
472,
1813,
29871,
29906,
29947,
14157,
11462,
472,
20114,
1661,
29899,
1595,
12654,
1218,
2875,
29889,
7569,
650,
9906,
393,
6047,
515,
8805,
7013,
29890,
1475,
508,
13089,
403,
4822,
7800,
322,
722,
583,
8679,
373,
2246,
5275,
29889,
910,
7432,
338,
385,
27717,
393,
278,
6865,
526,
8688,
304,
16089,
10388,
278,
7632,
310,
18408,
8805,
322,
3078,
1683,
29889,
512,
1797,
304,
1207,
278,
18408,
3081,
18577,
2833,
3856,
647,
29892,
278,
5751,
2869,
3620,
278,
1734,
8805,
376,
17470,
1793,
29908,
304,
8805,
376,
29888,
2817,
1642,
1879,
29872,
785,
674,
5227,
384,
292,
11840,
4953,
17182,
322,
10489,
2215,
1516,
29973,
26407,
701,
363,
263,
20346,
17888,
29973,
13,
4806,
599,
6456,
278,
12995,
311,
10672,
297,
3739,
8497,
5127,
607,
10761,
408,
263,
1121,
310,
5199,
1059,
746,
385,
19001,
297,
777,
7592,
2761,
4818,
10715,
287,
263,
7013,
26062,
393,
750,
1063,
6336,
12522,
1623,
29889,
2216,
304,
15982,
2675,
6375,
29991,
450,
716,
6865,
714,
10653,
5199,
1059,
29991,
376,
29933,
1478,
465,
470,
5712,
310,
8805,
7013,
26062,
15332,
5680,
470,
21083,
338,
21460,
1573,
1213,
5169,
295,
2253,
1286,
29973,
2216,
871,
393,
29892,
278,
6865,
1286,
1996,
278,
13897,
304,
2367,
1009,
1900,
4140,
373,
376,
22795,
11614,
29908,
310,
4319,
2712,
10464,
29889,
960,
278,
13897,
1838,
29915,
29873,
1348,
393,
727,
338,
263,
1855,
1781,
8825,
393,
1880,
8805,
29879,
1033,
367,
18215,
29892,
470,
14890,
8026,
1033,
1560,
1161,
1549,
596,
1559,
3474,
1550,
366,
526,
19500,
1623,
263,
6520,
29892,
470,
7124,
596,
4344,
1550,
8743,
297,
1009,
17454,
29892,
769,
379,
557,
4347,
5345,
532,
29991,
1939,
6365,
2722,
29991,
13,
1576,
6865,
3160,
278,
1494,
1326,
12112,
29901,
13,
29898,
29953,
29897,
5057,
8805,
29879,
29889,
450,
15576,
424,
4091,
3867,
385,
7418,
310,
278,
27289,
29879,
310,
1880,
8805,
29879,
363,
278,
4038,
29892,
3704,
278,
6976,
310,
13920,
2063,
322,
5517,
27721,
310,
5164,
8805,
9110,
1907,
29892,
322,
8453,
13900,
304,
1380,
335,
403,
738,
5517,
594,
3901,
27721,
29889,
13,
29898,
29896,
29897,
450,
14890,
3183,
7418,
4091,
29892,
472,
263,
9212,
29892,
3160,
278,
6976,
310,
14890,
3183,
10879,
29879,
472,
278,
20471,
2875,
10452,
322,
970,
6520,
29889,
13,
29898,
29941,
29897,
512,
6124,
304,
278,
671,
310,
278,
15332,
15366,
22447,
630,
297,
14880,
313,
29923,
5033,
29906,
29897,
310,
445,
5751,
29892,
278,
7037,
10879,
515,
14890,
3183,
4091,
367,
2225,
398,
415,
3598,
316,
22580,
304,
15523,
15332,
2050,
800,
565,
278,
6976,
310,
697,
4679,
13342,
310,
14890,
25325,
8724,
278,
1002,
329,
706,
2875,
1196,
731,
1627,
363,
1269,
7013,
26062,
4423,
338,
3109,
1135,
697,
639,
1644,
639,
1629,
29889,
13,
4806,
2437,
568,
366,
304,
2050,
278,
7972,
5751,
373,
1939,
895,
2400,
607,
338,
5643,
491,
7761,
2448,
1141,
29890,
943,
3303,
29915,
29879,
5490,
29871,
29896,
29947,
386,
11462,
6589,
934,
29881,
411,
278,
6418,
1744,
29889,
8291,
29965,
29915,
29879,
6589,
892,
901,
8072,
5439,
491,
967,
17924,
11462,
594,
19188,
1449,
373,
5306,
29871,
29929,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
29889,
16025,
3971,
6589,
526,
10959,
29889,
450,
871,
2655,
697,
508,
1827,
1048,
1438,
376,
19238,
29908,
338,
393,
2748,
1449,
278,
6418,
1744,
338,
15661,
304,
3867,
8805,
18777,
411,
385,
376,
348,
1727,
7964,
29908,
5177,
1090,
278,
1410,
895,
310,
376,
1727,
2785,
1213,
2169,
2785,
393,
12566,
29879,
694,
697,
338,
15155,
1072,
2785,
29889,
13,
4590,
1744,
360,
4154,
1939,
895,
27308,
13,
29898,
29906,
29897,
450,
24454,
4091,
367,
19623,
577,
393,
278,
24454,
11462,
11896,
947,
451,
1121,
297,
11462,
11174,
472,
278,
20114,
1661,
29899,
1595,
12654,
1218,
2875,
393,
13461,
278,
2060,
4038,
25040,
4646,
2230,
6588,
6047,
3233,
313,
29931,
1837,
29897,
491
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| -0.398994 | 0.379597 | 0.562293 | 0.085759 |
five A-weighted decibels (dBA). Non-participating property, for the purpose of this rule, refers to properties not under lease or agreement with the applicant regarding any components of the facility or project. During daytime operation only {seven a.m. to ten p.m.), the facility may operate at the greater of: the project area ambient nighttime Leq plus five dBA; or the validly measured ambient Leq plus five dBA at the location of the adjacent non-participating property. After commencement of commercial operation, the applicant shall conduct further review of the impact and possible mitigation of all project-related noise complaints through its complaint resolution process.
UNU Comment January 18, 2016
(a) Noise:
(i) To prevent annoyance and sleep deprivation from inherently intrusive wind turbine noise, operational noise levels of wind energy facilities should not exceed five dBA above the background sound level at nonparticipating properties. UNU Brief at 22-25. Since this proposed standard applies to nonparticipating properties, the rule should require all background noise measurements to be taken on location at nonparticipating properties wherever possible.2 For purposes of determining compliance with this standard, background noise assessments must be based on the L90 statistical standard, as universally acknowledged in the acoustical engineering profession. Id. at 30. The L90, known as the residual sound level, is the sound level exceeded during 90% of the measurement period. The L90 measures the quietest 10% of a time interval in order to identify the amount of background sound that is normally available to mask turbine noise that otherwise would awaken a person. By measuring the quietest 10% interval, the L90 statistic filters out the sporadic noise from noise events of short duration, such as passing cars.
By removing brief noise spikes, the L90 metric eliminates short-term noise spikes that serve no purpose for masking the sound of a new noise source. Id. (ii) No nonparticipating resident or landowner should be exposed to noise levels greater than 35 dBA and 50 dBC at any time. UNU Brief at 35-40, 44. (iii) The above standards should apply at the property lines of nonparticipating properties, not merely at neighboring residences. Id. at 44-45. (iv) Proposed subsection 4906-4-08(C)(3)(B) requires that the application address "cumulative operational noise levels at the property boundary for each non-participating property adjacent to or within the project area, under both day and nighttime conditions." As the Board is well aware, wind energy developers often plan their facilities in phases, while in other cases, one developer's facility is proposed in or near the location of another developer's facility. In order to assess the cumulative impact of multiple facilities, it is critical that such assessment take into account impacts from other existing, proposed, or planned wind power facilities in addition to impacts from the facility that is the subject of the application. This comment applies not only to assessment of cumulative noise impacts, but also to visual impacts, shadow flicker, and othercumulative facility impacts.
Last June when the OPSB presented an earlier draft of wind rules, UNU asserted the proposed rules conflicted with the intent of legislation to protect the public and that they lacked enforceable standards. We have reprinted a portion of the news report from the Hannah Statehouse News Service from last June wherein" JCARR Chairman Sen. Joe Uecker (R-Loveland) said the General Assembly only required OPSB write "reasonable regulations," and did not include the phrase "for the protection of the public." Notwithstanding we recall that Senator Troy Balderson pointed out to the OPSB's Legal Director, Angela Hawkins, that there were, in fact, deficiencies in the rules and he expects those deficiencies to be fixed in the upcoming new rulemaking process.
We will report further on these draft rules after we study them a bit more. In the meantime, be thinking about having your local elected officials join you in commenting on the rules when they are due one month from today on October 24th. For now, we think anyone who signs a wind lease, a "good neighbor agreement," or a waiver should question whether their family, neighbors or community will ever truly be protected by OPSB rules….
The Hann
|
[
5320,
319,
29899,
7915,
287,
316,
455,
29890,
1379,
313,
29881,
5688,
467,
10050,
29899,
1595,
12654,
1218,
2875,
29892,
363,
278,
6437,
310,
445,
5751,
29892,
14637,
304,
4426,
451,
1090,
454,
559,
470,
17327,
411,
278,
15576,
424,
11211,
738,
7117,
310,
278,
24454,
470,
2060,
29889,
7133,
2462,
2230,
5858,
871,
426,
344,
854,
263,
29889,
29885,
29889,
304,
3006,
282,
29889,
29885,
9774,
278,
24454,
1122,
21994,
472,
278,
7621,
310,
29901,
278,
2060,
4038,
25040,
4646,
2230,
951,
29939,
2298,
5320,
270,
5688,
29936,
470,
278,
2854,
368,
17005,
25040,
951,
29939,
2298,
5320,
270,
5688,
472,
278,
4423,
310,
278,
20114,
1661,
29899,
1595,
12654,
1218,
2875,
29889,
2860,
844,
3977,
882,
310,
12128,
5858,
29892,
278,
15576,
424,
4091,
7512,
4340,
9076,
310,
278,
10879,
322,
1950,
1380,
335,
362,
310,
599,
2060,
29899,
12817,
11462,
15313,
9466,
1549,
967,
15313,
524,
10104,
1889,
29889,
13,
3904,
29965,
461,
5490,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
13,
29898,
29874,
29897,
1939,
895,
29901,
13,
29898,
29875,
29897,
1763,
5557,
12327,
29891,
749,
322,
8709,
1401,
1150,
362,
515,
7846,
2705,
11158,
375,
573,
8805,
7013,
26062,
11462,
29892,
1751,
1288,
11462,
11174,
310,
8805,
5864,
23330,
881,
451,
13461,
5320,
270,
5688,
2038,
278,
3239,
6047,
3233,
472,
1661,
1595,
12654,
1218,
4426,
29889,
8291,
29965,
1771,
2575,
472,
29871,
29906,
29906,
29899,
29906,
29945,
29889,
4001,
445,
7972,
3918,
16058,
304,
1661,
1595,
12654,
1218,
4426,
29892,
278,
5751,
881,
1996,
599,
3239,
11462,
20398,
304,
367,
4586,
373,
4423,
472,
1661,
1595,
12654,
1218,
4426,
29693,
1950,
29889,
29906,
1152,
11976,
310,
3683,
2827,
752,
13036,
411,
445,
3918,
29892,
3239,
11462,
24809,
1860,
1818,
367,
2729,
373,
278,
365,
29929,
29900,
24148,
3918,
29892,
408,
4946,
635,
24084,
3192,
297,
278,
1274,
18291,
936,
21639,
6351,
29889,
5163,
29889,
472,
29871,
29941,
29900,
29889,
450,
365,
29929,
29900,
29892,
2998,
408,
278,
10995,
950,
6047,
3233,
29892,
338,
278,
6047,
3233,
13461,
287,
2645,
29871,
29929,
29900,
29995,
310,
278,
20039,
3785,
29889,
450,
365,
29929,
29900,
15366,
278,
11813,
342,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29995,
310,
263,
931,
7292,
297,
1797,
304,
12439,
278,
5253,
310,
3239,
6047,
393,
338,
12891,
3625,
304,
11105,
7013,
26062,
11462,
393,
6467,
723,
3773,
9424,
263,
2022,
29889,
2648,
7540,
3864,
278,
11813,
342,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29995,
7292,
29892,
278,
365,
29929,
29900,
1002,
4695,
18094,
714,
278,
805,
272,
26538,
11462,
515,
11462,
4959,
310,
3273,
14385,
29892,
1316,
408,
6819,
18647,
29889,
13,
2059,
11077,
11473,
11462,
805,
29379,
29892,
278,
365,
29929,
29900,
12714,
10397,
1078,
3273,
29899,
8489,
11462,
805,
29379,
393,
9080,
694,
6437,
363,
11105,
292,
278,
6047,
310,
263,
716,
11462,
2752,
29889,
5163,
29889,
313,
2236,
29897,
1939,
1661,
1595,
12654,
1218,
20201,
470,
2982,
20348,
881,
367,
19884,
304,
11462,
11174,
7621,
1135,
29871,
29941,
29945,
270,
5688,
322,
29871,
29945,
29900,
270,
5371,
472,
738,
931,
29889,
8291,
29965,
1771,
2575,
472,
29871,
29941,
29945,
29899,
29946,
29900,
29892,
29871,
29946,
29946,
29889,
313,
25609,
29897,
450,
2038,
20801,
881,
3394,
472,
278,
2875,
3454,
310,
1661,
1595,
12654,
1218,
4426,
29892,
451,
13586,
472,
12307,
292,
10995,
2063,
29889,
5163,
29889,
472,
29871,
29946,
29946,
29899,
29946,
29945,
29889,
313,
440,
29897,
1019,
4752,
1014,
2042,
29871,
29946,
29929,
29900,
29953,
29899,
29946,
29899,
29900,
29947,
29898,
29907,
5033,
29941,
5033,
29933,
29897,
6858,
393,
278,
2280,
3211,
376,
29883,
398,
28524,
1751,
1288,
11462,
11174,
472,
278,
2875,
10452,
363,
1269,
1661,
29899,
1595,
12654,
1218,
2875,
20114,
304,
470,
2629,
278,
2060,
4038,
29892,
1090,
1716,
2462,
322,
4646,
2230,
5855,
1213,
1094,
278,
12590,
338,
1532,
9543,
29892,
8805,
5864,
18777,
4049,
3814,
1009,
23330,
297,
29540,
29892,
1550,
297,
916,
4251,
29892,
697,
13897,
29915,
29879,
24454,
338,
7972,
297,
470,
2978,
278,
4423,
310,
1790,
13897,
29915,
29879,
24454,
29889,
512,
1797,
304,
24809,
278,
13299,
28524,
10879,
310,
2999,
23330,
29892,
372,
338,
12187,
393,
1316,
24809,
358,
2125,
964,
3633,
10879,
29879,
515,
916,
5923,
29892,
7972,
29892,
470,
20458,
8805,
3081,
23330,
297,
6124,
304,
10879,
29879,
515,
278,
24454,
393,
338,
278,
4967,
310,
278,
2280,
29889,
910,
3440,
16058,
451,
871,
304,
24809,
358,
310,
13299,
28524,
11462,
10879,
29879,
29892,
541,
884,
304,
7604,
10879,
29879,
29892,
15504,
285,
1406,
261,
29892,
322,
916,
29883,
398,
28524,
24454,
10879,
29879,
29889,
13,
8897,
5306,
746,
278,
6418,
1744,
9132,
385,
8859,
18195,
310,
8805,
6865,
29892,
8291,
29965,
4974,
287,
278,
7972,
6865,
9476,
9446,
411,
278,
7609,
310,
13332,
362,
304,
12566,
278,
970,
322,
393,
896,
10225,
287,
427,
10118,
519,
20801,
29889,
1334,
505,
2062,
524,
287,
263,
11910,
310,
278,
9763,
3461,
515,
278,
13889,
801,
4306,
8697,
10130,
6692,
515,
1833,
5306,
988,
262,
29908,
435,
29907,
1718,
29934,
24193,
1171,
5811,
29889,
11131,
501,
29872,
4937,
313,
29934,
29899,
29931,
586,
14045,
29897,
1497,
278,
4593,
13266,
871,
3734,
6418,
1744,
2436,
376,
23147,
519,
1072,
8250,
1699,
322,
1258,
451,
3160,
278,
16549,
376,
1454,
278,
13047,
310,
278,
970,
1213,
2216,
2541,
11235,
591,
17386,
393,
27623,
323,
4727,
23874,
1330,
11520,
714,
304,
278,
6418,
1744,
29915,
29879,
5682,
284,
15944,
29892,
3218,
3100,
10875,
11335,
29892,
393,
727,
892,
29892,
297,
2114,
29892,
822,
293,
819,
2478,
297,
278,
6865,
322,
540,
23347,
1906,
822,
293,
819,
2478,
304,
367,
4343,
297,
278,
701,
11506,
716,
5751,
28990,
1889,
29889,
13,
4806,
674,
3461,
4340,
373,
1438,
18195,
6865,
1156,
591,
6559,
963,
263,
2586,
901,
29889,
512,
278,
6839,
603,
29892,
367,
7291,
1048,
2534,
596,
1887,
11467,
24921,
5988,
366,
297,
3440,
292,
373,
278,
6865,
746,
896,
526,
2861,
697,
4098,
515,
9826,
373,
5533,
29871,
29906,
29946,
386,
29889,
1152,
1286,
29892,
591,
1348,
5019,
1058,
18906,
263,
8805,
454,
559,
29892,
263,
376,
16773,
12307,
17327,
1699,
470,
263,
281,
1794,
369,
881,
1139,
3692,
1009,
3942,
29892,
22092,
943,
470,
7881,
674,
3926,
19781,
367,
6364,
491,
6418,
1744,
6865,
30098,
29889,
13,
1576,
13889
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| -0.478129 | 0.862373 | 0.079916 | 0.463957 |
Best RTG Casino Sites in Canada for 2022
Easy implementation
Wide availability
Huge progressive jackpot
Some of the RTG casinos have been blacklisted
Jackpots have low winning chances
Free to Play RTG Slot Machines
Builder Beaver
Features of RealTime Gaming
Casinos to Offer RTG Games
Why Choose These Casinos?
Top RealTime Gaming Online Casinos 2022
The Variety of RTG Products
Slots Galore
RTG on Mobile
Play RTG Games for Real Money
Play for Pleasure
Different players need their favourite game with exciting features. But how about getting new features every time with the same game? Yes, it has been made possible with RealTime Gaming. You will find uniqueness in its every game at almost all of the RealTime Gaming casinos. The operators can configure the features of the game accordingly and present them to their players. This further becomes the reason for the popularity of RTG casinos in Canada and other parts of the world.
Another reason for the adoration of RTG Canada is the availability of various games. Thus, a player gets numerous choices to relish the gaming. Also, download and instant play modes further give the player the options to play.
The company began its journey in 1998 in Atlanta, Georgia. Later in 2007, it shifted itself to Heredia, Costa Rica. In the same year only, Hastings International, the part of HBM Group in Curacao acquired it.
Here are some of the quick facts about the company:
RTG offers easy customization and branding of its products to casino operators. Thus, you may get a different experience for the same game at various casinos;
Instant play mode, as well as download, is available for almost all the titles;
A straightforward implementation of the games gives another reason to the operators to join hands with RTG;
Caribbean 21 dish out the jackpot of $1.3 million to a player with just a deposit of $1,000. Later, the same player won $96,000 at another casino and found accused both the time and didn't receive any wins;
After this incident, the company limits the bet size up to $5;
It offers a library of titles that includes slots, roulettes, blackjack, poker, live games with the customization feature. Thus, different operators offer random jackpot with each game;
Their products are compatible with personal computers and mobile phones supported by Android and Mac software.
It is of utmost essential to gamble at a genuine casino. Here is the list of all such top casinos that are safe and secure so that you can enjoy your favourite game with all the pleasure.
When it comes to choosing the RTG casino, you can get the complete list for it. Its popularity not just in Canada but across the globe made numerous casinos showcase its games on their platform. The products are designed such that they can be easily implemented on websites. Also, the variety in offerings also attracts bounteous punters that give an excellent market to the casino providers. All these reasons made some operators host RTG games, as a vital part of their platform.
For this, here is the compiled list of the best RTG casinos. You can check out the RTG casino reviews as well.
For the carefree gaming experience, it is necessary to play the games in a safe and secure environment.
The software company's products come up with all the testing and security that makes it a safe and secure gaming provider. Also, most of the casinos are certified by respected bodies that are responsible for the regulations of gambling and related activities. Here, you just need to stake your money and enjoy gaming without any worry.
Online casinos RTG software holds certification from Central Disputes System Certified (CDS). CDS is a principal consultant and Accredited Testing Facility to gaming and wagering regulatory bodies. If you get cheated in the game, you may claim the fraud against the company to CDS. Further, the body settles the claims within three to six weeks.
Also, Technical System Technique (TST) regularly audits the unpredictability and distribution of its application using mathematical as well as statistical analysis. This ensures the provider's offerings to be trustworthy and therefore, can be played on any casino listed above.
These casinos
|
[
6407,
390,
29911,
29954,
6960,
1789,
317,
3246,
297,
7400,
363,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29906,
13,
29923,
8995,
5314,
13,
29956,
680,
20847,
3097,
13,
29950,
5710,
6728,
573,
28015,
17765,
13,
9526,
310,
278,
390,
29911,
29954,
3209,
8226,
505,
1063,
4628,
1761,
287,
13,
27006,
29886,
1862,
505,
4482,
15613,
521,
2925,
13,
20475,
304,
7412,
390,
29911,
29954,
317,
8276,
17197,
1475,
13,
5627,
1522,
12483,
13,
8263,
3698,
310,
8195,
2481,
402,
11500,
13,
29907,
294,
8226,
304,
4587,
571,
390,
29911,
29954,
12482,
13,
11008,
14542,
852,
4525,
6960,
8226,
29973,
13,
7031,
8195,
2481,
402,
11500,
13542,
6960,
8226,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29906,
13,
1576,
9586,
3305,
310,
390,
29911,
29954,
10969,
29879,
13,
16973,
1862,
5208,
487,
13,
13079,
29954,
373,
21600,
13,
13454,
390,
29911,
29954,
12482,
363,
8195,
341,
4992,
13,
13454,
363,
19777,
3745,
13,
29928,
15622,
10769,
817,
1009,
15381,
568,
3748,
411,
5566,
11407,
5680,
29889,
1205,
920,
1048,
2805,
716,
5680,
1432,
931,
411,
278,
1021,
3748,
29973,
3869,
29892,
372,
756,
1063,
1754,
1950,
411,
8195,
2481,
402,
11500,
29889,
887,
674,
1284,
20498,
18543,
297,
967,
1432,
3748,
472,
4359,
599,
310,
278,
8195,
2481,
402,
11500,
3209,
8226,
29889,
450,
12768,
508,
10822,
278,
5680,
310,
278,
3748,
16205,
322,
2198,
963,
304,
1009,
10769,
29889,
910,
4340,
7415,
278,
2769,
363,
278,
5972,
537,
310,
390,
29911,
29954,
3209,
8226,
297,
7400,
322,
916,
5633,
310,
278,
3186,
29889,
13,
2744,
1228,
2769,
363,
278,
594,
12418,
310,
390,
29911,
29954,
7400,
338,
278,
20847,
3097,
310,
5164,
8090,
29889,
6549,
29892,
263,
4847,
4947,
12727,
19995,
304,
1104,
728,
278,
330,
11500,
29889,
3115,
29892,
5142,
322,
14426,
1708,
18893,
4340,
2367,
278,
4847,
278,
3987,
304,
1708,
29889,
13,
1576,
5001,
4689,
967,
16342,
297,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29947,
297,
26484,
29892,
16762,
29889,
12699,
297,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29955,
29892,
372,
9500,
287,
3528,
304,
2439,
1381,
29892,
17513,
29750,
29889,
512,
278,
1021,
1629,
871,
29892,
379,
579,
886,
4623,
29892,
278,
760,
310,
379,
29933,
29924,
6431,
297,
10837,
562,
6241,
16692,
372,
29889,
13,
10605,
526,
777,
310,
278,
4996,
17099,
1048,
278,
5001,
29901,
13,
13079,
29954,
16688,
4780,
2888,
2133,
322,
14982,
292,
310,
967,
9316,
304,
3209,
1789,
12768,
29889,
6549,
29892,
366,
1122,
679,
263,
1422,
7271,
363,
278,
1021,
3748,
472,
5164,
3209,
8226,
29936,
13,
3379,
424,
1708,
4464,
29892,
408,
1532,
408,
5142,
29892,
338,
3625,
363,
4359,
599,
278,
17735,
29936,
13,
29909,
20837,
5314,
310,
278,
8090,
4076,
1790,
2769,
304,
278,
12768,
304,
5988,
6567,
411,
390,
29911,
29954,
29936,
13,
8179,
747,
14471,
29871,
29906,
29896,
270,
728,
714,
278,
28015,
17765,
310,
395,
29896,
29889,
29941,
7284,
304,
263,
4847,
411,
925,
263,
19754,
277,
310,
395,
29896,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
29889,
12699,
29892,
278,
1021,
4847,
2113,
395,
29929,
29953,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
472,
1790,
3209,
1789,
322,
1476,
28886,
1716,
278,
931,
322,
3282,
29915,
29873,
7150,
738,
21614,
29936,
13,
13555,
445,
15134,
29892,
278,
5001,
13071,
278,
1010,
2159,
701,
304,
395,
29945,
29936,
13,
3112,
16688,
263,
3489,
310,
17735,
393,
7805,
2243,
1862,
29892,
16053,
13650,
267,
29892,
4628,
21452,
29892,
11293,
261,
29892,
5735,
8090,
411,
278,
2888,
2133,
4682,
29889,
6549,
29892,
1422,
12768,
5957,
4036,
28015,
17765,
411,
1269,
3748,
29936,
13,
1576,
381,
9316,
526,
15878,
411,
7333,
23226,
322,
10426,
1374,
2873,
6969,
491,
5669,
322,
4326,
7047,
29889,
13,
3112,
338,
310,
3477,
3242,
18853,
304,
24988,
569,
472,
263,
29120,
457,
3209,
1789,
29889,
2266,
338,
278,
1051,
310,
599,
1316,
2246,
3209,
8226,
393,
526,
9109,
322,
11592,
577,
393,
366,
508,
13389,
596,
15381,
568,
3748,
411,
599,
278,
15377,
29889,
13,
10401,
372,
5304,
304,
23906,
278,
390,
29911,
29954,
3209,
1789,
29892,
366,
508,
679,
278,
4866,
1051,
363,
372,
29889,
8011,
5972,
537,
451,
925,
297,
7400,
541,
4822,
278,
15482,
915,
1754,
12727,
3209,
8226,
1510,
4878,
967,
8090,
373,
1009,
7481,
29889,
450,
9316,
526,
8688,
1316,
393,
896,
508,
367,
5948,
8762,
373,
28007,
29889,
3115,
29892,
278,
12875,
297,
5957,
886,
884,
13978,
29879,
289,
1309,
371,
681,
6035,
2153,
393,
2367,
385,
15129,
9999,
304,
278,
3209,
1789,
1326,
11376,
29889,
2178,
1438,
9590,
1754,
777,
12768,
3495,
390,
29911,
29954,
8090,
29892,
408,
263,
27131,
760,
310,
1009,
7481,
29889,
13,
2831,
445,
29892,
1244,
338,
278,
13126,
1051,
310,
278,
1900,
390,
29911,
29954,
3209,
8226,
29889,
887,
508,
1423,
714,
278,
390,
29911,
29954,
3209,
1789,
21804,
408,
1532,
29889,
13,
2831,
278,
2562,
9021,
330,
11500,
7271,
29892,
372,
338,
5181,
304,
1708,
278,
8090,
297,
263,
9109,
322,
11592,
5177,
29889,
13,
1576,
7047,
5001,
29915,
29879,
9316,
2041,
701,
411,
599,
278,
6724,
322,
6993,
393,
3732,
372,
263,
9109,
322,
11592,
330,
11500,
13113,
29889,
3115,
29892,
1556,
310,
278,
3209,
8226,
526,
2284,
2164,
491,
3390,
287,
17873,
393,
526,
14040,
363,
278,
1072,
8250,
310,
330,
1117,
1847,
322,
4475,
14188,
29889,
2266,
29892,
366,
925,
817,
304,
380,
1296,
596,
6909,
322,
13389,
330,
11500,
1728,
738,
15982,
29889,
13,
2951,
1220,
3209,
8226,
390,
29911,
29954,
7047,
8640,
2284,
2450,
515,
8068,
3295,
649,
267,
2184,
18410,
2164,
313,
6530,
29903,
467,
7307,
29903,
338,
263,
5882,
8799,
424,
322,
4831,
1127,
1573,
4321,
292,
14184,
1793,
304,
330,
11500,
322,
281,
1875,
292,
24378,
7606,
17873,
29889,
960,
366,
679,
923,
630,
297,
278,
3748,
29892,
366,
1122,
5995,
278,
5227,
566,
2750,
278,
5001,
304,
7307,
29903,
29889,
8725,
29892,
278,
3573,
3604,
793,
278,
16726,
2629,
2211,
304,
4832,
11405,
29889,
13,
17351,
29892,
8364,
936,
2184,
1920,
6387,
802,
313,
29911,
1254,
29897,
25704,
12990,
1169,
278,
443,
27711,
3097,
322,
4978,
310,
967,
2280,
773,
19475,
408,
1532,
408,
24148,
7418,
29889,
910,
5662,
1973,
278,
13113,
29915,
29879,
5957,
886,
304,
367,
9311,
12554,
29891,
322,
5480,
29892,
508,
367,
5318,
373,
738,
3209,
1789,
9904,
2038,
29889,
13,
1349,
968,
3209,
8226
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| -0.51413 | -0.769511 | 0.219788 | -0.45798 |
offer different bonus features and jackpots for each game. Thus, you can get a different experience for the same game at various casinos.
Bonus info
Games Types
21.com Сasino
Slots, Video Poker, Table Games, Live Casino
100% up to C$500+ 50 Free Spins
Malta Gaming Authority, UK Gambling Commission, Swedish Gambling Authority
Slots, Race Games, Wheel of Rizk, Live Room, Sports, Table Games, Jackpots
20 FS 100% up to C$300 + 300 Free Spins!
Slots, Blackjack, Roulette, Video Poker, Live Casino
Slots, Table Games, Video Poker, Progressive Games, Specials
100% Bonus up to $200 and 100 Free Spins on Book of Dead
Slots, Roulette, Blackjack, Roulette, Live Dealer Games, Baccarat
Mr Green Casino
$1200 posit Bonus + 200 Free Spins
Malta Gaming Authority, AAMS Italy, UK Gambling Commission, Swedish Gambling Authority
Slots, Jackpot Games, Live Casino, Table Games, Virtual Sports, Instant Wins
The software company offers a variety of titles to reach a vast number of players across the world. It includes video slots, Baccarat, Roulette, Blackjack and their variations. There is a complete assortment of more than 300 games in its library. Thus, there is something for everyone.
Also, these titles are available with the flash-based as well as download mode. They are well-known for the speed and download of the game. However, for maximum speed, the download mode is preferred by the players.
The provider designs games that are easy to understand and have sharp graphics and sound. These elements further give you the reason to play the provider's products and get thrilled with extreme fun.
Their agenda "take gaming seriously" is up to par when it comes to graphics, rules, jackpots and all the fun elements in its offerings.
Baccarat, European Blackjack, Pontoon, Match Play 21 Blackjack are some of its popular table games. The latter is especially popular due to their speed. One can play seven hands of Blackjack in a minute.
Also, with its customizable design, each operator inculcates features accordingly. Thus, you can get a different feature at each casino, or they may get pooled between some of the casinos.
There is an assortment of video slots when it comes to RTG. A player gets a diverse choice while choosing the provider's slots. It showcases different themes ranging from wild plants and animals to Egyptian Pharaohs, from adventurous and arcade to classic old games. A different number of reel-based slots is also available on the list.
Free spins, expanding wild, substituting wild, nice payouts and other in-play bonuses are another attraction of these slots. Playdirt Slot, Cleopatra's Gold Slot, Diamond Dozen and Enchanted Garden Slot are some of the RTG slots with the highest RTP. It ranges up to 97.5%.
RTG casinos offer an array of rewards to their players. It can be no deposit bonus, welcome bonus or weekly bonuses. You can always get some or another perk with these online casinos. It offers a great range of progressive jackpots; however, the games associated with the pot are a few, but these limited games give the immense pleasure of gaming. Free spins, cashback offers also add fascination to these games. To relish some of the features, you may be required to enter the Promo code on the site.
One of the good things about the provider's products is that they are available on mobile devices. They are compatible with Android phones, iPhones and tablets. They are designed using HTML5 technology that presents the game on mobile devices brilliantly. Its graphics and sound feature beautifully in mobile devices as well. Cleopatra's Gold, Caesar's Empire, and Gold Beard are some of its popular games that can be relished on mobile devices also.
Relishing games for fun is something else but playing it for real money gives immense pleasure. It is like barrels of fun when you can stake your money at your own place with all the comfort, and this has been made possible by RT
|
[
5957,
1422,
28920,
5680,
322,
28015,
29886,
1862,
363,
1269,
3748,
29889,
6549,
29892,
366,
508,
679,
263,
1422,
7271,
363,
278,
1021,
3748,
472,
5164,
3209,
8226,
29889,
13,
29933,
265,
375,
5235,
13,
29954,
1280,
28025,
13,
29906,
29896,
29889,
510,
857,
294,
1789,
13,
16973,
1862,
29892,
13987,
349,
17933,
29892,
6137,
12482,
29892,
10782,
6960,
1789,
13,
29896,
29900,
29900,
29995,
701,
304,
315,
29938,
29945,
29900,
29900,
29974,
29871,
29945,
29900,
12362,
1706,
1144,
13,
22995,
941,
402,
11500,
13361,
537,
29892,
10261,
402,
1117,
1847,
11444,
29892,
21892,
402,
1117,
1847,
13361,
537,
13,
16973,
1862,
29892,
23613,
12482,
29892,
399,
10552,
310,
390,
466,
29895,
29892,
10782,
25114,
29892,
12453,
29892,
6137,
12482,
29892,
5457,
29886,
1862,
13,
29906,
29900,
383,
29903,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29900,
29995,
701,
304,
315,
29938,
29941,
29900,
29900,
718,
29871,
29941,
29900,
29900,
12362,
1706,
1144,
29991,
13,
16973,
1862,
29892,
6054,
21452,
29892,
15915,
20200,
29892,
13987,
349,
17933,
29892,
10782,
6960,
1789,
13,
16973,
1862,
29892,
6137,
12482,
29892,
13987,
349,
17933,
29892,
20018,
573,
12482,
29892,
5013,
455,
1338,
13,
29896,
29900,
29900,
29995,
8396,
375,
701,
304,
395,
29906,
29900,
29900,
322,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29900,
12362,
1706,
1144,
373,
6726,
310,
16992,
13,
16973,
1862,
29892,
15915,
20200,
29892,
6054,
21452,
29892,
15915,
20200,
29892,
10782,
897,
18362,
12482,
29892,
29070,
4287,
271,
13,
20335,
7646,
6960,
1789,
13,
29938,
29896,
29906,
29900,
29900,
13686,
8396,
375,
718,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
12362,
1706,
1144,
13,
22995,
941,
402,
11500,
13361,
537,
29892,
22704,
4345,
12730,
29892,
10261,
402,
1117,
1847,
11444,
29892,
21892,
402,
1117,
1847,
13361,
537,
13,
16973,
1862,
29892,
5457,
17765,
12482,
29892,
10782,
6960,
1789,
29892,
6137,
12482,
29892,
19181,
12453,
29892,
2799,
424,
399,
1144,
13,
1576,
7047,
5001,
16688,
263,
12875,
310,
17735,
304,
6159,
263,
13426,
1353,
310,
10769,
4822,
278,
3186,
29889,
739,
7805,
4863,
2243,
1862,
29892,
29070,
4287,
271,
29892,
15915,
20200,
29892,
6054,
21452,
322,
1009,
21833,
29889,
1670,
338,
263,
4866,
1223,
441,
358,
310,
901,
1135,
29871,
29941,
29900,
29900,
8090,
297,
967,
3489,
29889,
6549,
29892,
727,
338,
1554,
363,
14332,
29889,
13,
17351,
29892,
1438,
17735,
526,
3625,
411,
278,
11013,
29899,
6707,
408,
1532,
408,
5142,
4464,
29889,
2688,
526,
1532,
29899,
5203,
363,
278,
6210,
322,
5142,
310,
278,
3748,
29889,
2398,
29892,
363,
7472,
6210,
29892,
278,
5142,
4464,
338,
16389,
491,
278,
10769,
29889,
13,
1576,
13113,
25517,
8090,
393,
526,
4780,
304,
2274,
322,
505,
15301,
18533,
322,
6047,
29889,
4525,
3161,
4340,
2367,
366,
278,
2769,
304,
1708,
278,
13113,
29915,
29879,
9316,
322,
679,
1468,
24455,
411,
18677,
2090,
29889,
13,
1576,
381,
946,
8395,
376,
19730,
330,
11500,
25798,
29908,
338,
701,
304,
610,
746,
372,
5304,
304,
18533,
29892,
6865,
29892,
28015,
29886,
1862,
322,
599,
278,
2090,
3161,
297,
967,
5957,
886,
29889,
13,
29933,
562,
4287,
271,
29892,
7824,
6054,
21452,
29892,
349,
10268,
265,
29892,
14514,
7412,
29871,
29906,
29896,
6054,
21452,
526,
777,
310,
967,
5972,
1591,
8090,
29889,
450,
7480,
338,
7148,
5972,
2861,
304,
1009,
6210,
29889,
3118,
508,
1708,
9881,
6567,
310,
6054,
21452,
297,
263,
11015,
29889,
13,
17351,
29892,
411,
967,
2888,
13902,
2874,
29892,
1269,
5455,
297,
1810,
29883,
1078,
5680,
16205,
29889,
6549,
29892,
366,
508,
679,
263,
1422,
4682,
472,
1269,
3209,
1789,
29892,
470,
896,
1122,
679,
772,
29877,
839,
1546,
777,
310,
278,
3209,
8226,
29889,
13,
8439,
338,
385,
1223,
441,
358,
310,
4863,
2243,
1862,
746,
372,
5304,
304,
390,
29911,
29954,
29889,
319,
4847,
4947,
263,
16984,
7348,
1550,
23906,
278,
13113,
29915,
29879,
2243,
1862,
29889,
739,
1510,
11436,
1422,
963,
267,
364,
9776,
515,
8775,
18577,
322,
15006,
304,
12892,
713,
1963,
2518,
1148,
29879,
29892,
515,
17623,
332,
681,
322,
564,
6332,
304,
22037,
2030,
8090,
29889,
319,
1422,
1353,
310,
337,
295,
29899,
6707,
2243,
1862,
338,
884,
3625,
373,
278,
1051,
29889,
13,
20475,
805,
1144,
29892,
7985,
292,
8775,
29892,
5960,
12937,
292,
8775,
29892,
7575,
282,
1534,
29879,
322,
916,
297,
29899,
1456,
10814,
6394,
526,
1790,
1098,
13857,
310,
1438,
2243,
1862,
29889,
7412,
29881,
2728,
317,
8276,
29892,
21386,
459,
16546,
29915,
29879,
6650,
317,
8276,
29892,
22904,
898,
1938,
2256,
322,
1174,
305,
9714,
19906,
317,
8276,
526,
777,
310,
278,
390,
29911,
29954,
2243,
1862,
411,
278,
9939,
390,
3557,
29889,
739,
20238,
701,
304,
29871,
29929,
29955,
29889,
29945,
15543,
13,
13079,
29954,
3209,
8226,
5957,
385,
1409,
310,
337,
2935,
304,
1009,
10769,
29889,
739,
508,
367,
694,
19754,
277,
28920,
29892,
12853,
28920,
470,
4723,
368,
10814,
6394,
29889,
887,
508,
2337,
679,
777,
470,
1790,
639,
29895,
411,
1438,
7395,
3209,
8226,
29889,
739,
16688,
263,
2107,
3464,
310,
6728,
573,
28015,
29886,
1862,
29936,
3138,
29892,
278,
8090,
6942,
411,
278,
3104,
526,
263,
2846,
29892,
541,
1438,
9078,
8090,
2367,
278,
29403,
15377,
310,
330,
11500,
29889,
12362,
805,
1144,
29892,
274,
1161,
1627,
16688,
884,
788,
21028,
3381,
304,
1438,
8090,
29889,
1763,
1104,
728,
777,
310,
278,
5680,
29892,
366,
1122,
367,
3734,
304,
3896,
278,
9705,
29877,
775,
373,
278,
3268,
29889,
13,
6716,
310,
278,
1781,
2712,
1048,
278,
13113,
29915,
29879,
9316,
338,
393,
896,
526,
3625,
373,
10426,
9224,
29889,
2688,
526,
15878,
411,
5669,
1374,
2873,
29892,
474,
4819,
2873,
322,
1591,
1372,
29889,
2688,
526,
8688,
773,
4544,
29945,
15483,
393,
22981,
278,
3748,
373,
10426,
9224,
1506,
12840,
10835,
29889,
8011,
18533,
322,
6047,
4682,
9560,
368,
297,
10426,
9224,
408,
1532,
29889,
21386,
459,
16546,
29915,
29879,
6650,
29892,
9243,
26892,
29915,
29879,
13378,
29892,
322,
6650,
1522,
538,
526,
777,
310,
967,
5972,
8090,
393,
508,
367,
1104,
3276,
373,
10426,
9224,
884,
29889,
13,
9662,
14424,
8090,
363,
2090,
338,
1554,
1683,
541,
8743,
372,
363,
1855,
6909,
4076,
29403,
15377,
29889,
739,
338,
763,
2594,
2674,
29879,
310,
2090,
746,
366,
508,
380,
1296,
596,
6909,
472,
596,
1914,
2058,
411,
599,
278,
13016,
29892,
322,
445,
756,
1063,
1754,
1950,
491,
390,
29911
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| -0.32886 | -1.033691 | 0.018947 | -0.621287 |
Something Something Programming
Structured Programming for Busy Beavers
…programs in machine language, devoid of structure; or, more precisely, it is difficult for our eyes to perceive the program structure.
– Knuth
Busy Beaver programs are complicated. In some sense they are as complicated as they could possibly be. They have even been described as "spaghetti code". But what kind of programs are they? What do they do?
Part of the difficulty with understanding Busy Beaver programs is the code in which they are expressed is somewhat obscure. Here we must distinguish between the Turing machine hardware and the Turing machine language. The Turing machine itself is a device with a single tape, infinite in both directions, and a read/write head that travels back and forth, reading and writing the cells of the tape. A low-level language is used to write programs for the machine. (As usual, we take the view that a Turing machine is a programmable device, a real computer.) A program written in this language consists of a certain number of states, each of which contains directions for each possible color that can be read off from the tape. Each direction is made up of three instructions: a color to print, a left or right shift, and the next state to transition to. On each machine cycle one of these triple instructions is executed.
"State" is a murky word. It suggests that the machine shifts from one of a fixed number of modes to another, like a bicycle shifting gears. Turing himself referred to these as "m-configurations", although he did also mention that a human computer would have some finite number of "states of mind" when undertaking a computation. In any case, the "state" seems to belong to the machine rather than to the program. Rado, the inventor of the Busy Beaver game, referred to states as "cards" to emphasize that the core issue is control flow within a program and not the operational details of a machine.
To put a point on it, we might also refer to states as "labels", as in the things that you goto. Imagine a C program with n labels with a switch on k colors under each one. That gives a concrete idea of the meaning of the "length" of a Turing machine program. In fact, there is no need to imagine. Here is the 3-state 2-color Busy Beaver champion, which runs for 21 steps before halting:
1RB 1LH 1LB 0RC 1LC 1LA
Assuming the appropriate machine operation instructions are available, this Turing machine program can be implemented directly in C (and this gloss should suffice to explain the notation above):
#include "machine.h"
if (BLANK)
PRINT;
RIGHT;
goto B;
LEFT;
goto H;
ERASE;
goto C;
goto A;
PRINT_STEPS;
This is a fully unstructured program, the kind of thing that was famously denounced by Dijkstra. Knuth came to the defense of the goto statement, but he would not have defended a program like this. He quotes from Landin:
There is a game sometimes played with Algol 60 programs – rewriting them so as to avoid using goto statements. It is part of a more embracing game – reducing the extent to which the program conveys its information by explicit sequencing. … The game's significance lies in that it frequently produces a more "transparent" program – easier to understand, debug, modify, and incorporate into a larger program.
This game can be played with Busy Beaver programs as well. Two basic techniques come in handy: rolling up loops and inlining. I don't know if there is a better name than "loop roll-up", but what I mean is the conversion of a label into an explicit while loop. Consider label B above:
If the scanned square is blank, control remains with B; otherwise it passes to C. But this is just to say that the machine will print and move left while the scanned square is blank, and then it will erase and move right and go to C. This can be rewritten as a while loop, and the same transformation can be applied to C:
while (BLANK) {
At this point there is an unconditional jump to C at the end of B. But that jump comes directly before the introduction of the C label, so it can be eliminated in favor of fallthrough. That was the last reference to label C, so in fact the label can be done away with entirely, with B absorbing its body. Now there is just
|
[
12538,
12538,
7835,
4056,
13,
19560,
2955,
7835,
4056,
363,
8406,
29891,
1522,
29874,
874,
13,
30098,
8860,
29879,
297,
4933,
4086,
29892,
316,
5405,
310,
3829,
29936,
470,
29892,
901,
17503,
29892,
372,
338,
5189,
363,
1749,
5076,
304,
17189,
573,
278,
1824,
3829,
29889,
13,
29994,
8360,
2806,
13,
16890,
29891,
1522,
12483,
11104,
526,
12092,
29889,
512,
777,
4060,
896,
526,
408,
12092,
408,
896,
1033,
10075,
367,
29889,
2688,
505,
1584,
1063,
5439,
408,
376,
1028,
21705,
9890,
775,
1642,
1205,
825,
2924,
310,
11104,
526,
896,
29973,
1724,
437,
896,
437,
29973,
13,
7439,
310,
278,
14656,
411,
8004,
8406,
29891,
1522,
12483,
11104,
338,
278,
775,
297,
607,
896,
526,
13384,
338,
10579,
19726,
545,
29889,
2266,
591,
1818,
20820,
1546,
278,
323,
3864,
4933,
12837,
322,
278,
323,
3864,
4933,
4086,
29889,
450,
323,
3864,
4933,
3528,
338,
263,
4742,
411,
263,
2323,
260,
4085,
29892,
10362,
297,
1716,
18112,
29892,
322,
263,
1303,
29914,
3539,
2343,
393,
9850,
29879,
1250,
322,
11483,
29892,
5183,
322,
5007,
278,
9101,
310,
278,
260,
4085,
29889,
319,
4482,
29899,
5563,
4086,
338,
1304,
304,
2436,
11104,
363,
278,
4933,
29889,
313,
2887,
9670,
29892,
591,
2125,
278,
1776,
393,
263,
323,
3864,
4933,
338,
263,
1824,
29885,
519,
4742,
29892,
263,
1855,
6601,
1846,
319,
1824,
3971,
297,
445,
4086,
11624,
310,
263,
3058,
1353,
310,
5922,
29892,
1269,
310,
607,
3743,
18112,
363,
1269,
1950,
2927,
393,
508,
367,
1303,
1283,
515,
278,
260,
4085,
29889,
7806,
5305,
338,
1754,
701,
310,
2211,
11994,
29901,
263,
2927,
304,
1596,
29892,
263,
2175,
470,
1492,
9500,
29892,
322,
278,
2446,
2106,
304,
9558,
304,
29889,
1551,
1269,
4933,
11412,
697,
310,
1438,
21954,
11994,
338,
8283,
29889,
13,
29908,
2792,
29908,
338,
263,
7167,
3459,
1734,
29889,
739,
14661,
393,
278,
4933,
528,
17741,
515,
697,
310,
263,
4343,
1353,
310,
18893,
304,
1790,
29892,
763,
263,
289,
4245,
2841,
528,
24377,
330,
15451,
29889,
323,
3864,
3654,
12992,
304,
1438,
408,
376,
29885,
29899,
2917,
332,
800,
613,
5998,
540,
1258,
884,
3585,
393,
263,
5199,
6601,
723,
505,
777,
8093,
1353,
310,
376,
28631,
310,
3458,
29908,
746,
22332,
5086,
263,
16287,
29889,
512,
738,
1206,
29892,
278,
376,
3859,
29908,
2444,
304,
6852,
304,
278,
4933,
3265,
1135,
304,
278,
1824,
29889,
390,
912,
29892,
278,
11817,
272,
310,
278,
8406,
29891,
1522,
12483,
3748,
29892,
12992,
304,
5922,
408,
376,
28160,
29908,
304,
19310,
675,
393,
278,
7136,
2228,
338,
2761,
4972,
2629,
263,
1824,
322,
451,
278,
1751,
1288,
4902,
310,
263,
4933,
29889,
13,
1762,
1925,
263,
1298,
373,
372,
29892,
591,
1795,
884,
2737,
304,
5922,
408,
376,
21134,
613,
408,
297,
278,
2712,
393,
366,
2355,
29877,
29889,
1954,
22094,
263,
315,
1824,
411,
302,
11073,
411,
263,
4607,
373,
413,
11955,
1090,
1269,
697,
29889,
2193,
4076,
263,
18387,
2969,
310,
278,
6593,
310,
278,
376,
2848,
29908,
310,
263,
323,
3864,
4933,
1824,
29889,
512,
2114,
29892,
727,
338,
694,
817,
304,
14034,
29889,
2266,
338,
278,
29871,
29941,
29899,
3859,
29871,
29906,
29899,
2780,
8406,
29891,
1522,
12483,
8064,
29892,
607,
6057,
363,
29871,
29906,
29896,
6576,
1434,
8870,
1259,
29901,
13,
29896,
29934,
29933,
29871,
29896,
29931,
29950,
29871,
29896,
29931,
29933,
29871,
29900,
10363,
29871,
29896,
12182,
29871,
29896,
4375,
13,
7900,
9929,
278,
8210,
4933,
5858,
11994,
526,
3625,
29892,
445,
323,
3864,
4933,
1824,
508,
367,
8762,
4153,
297,
315,
313,
392,
445,
3144,
2209,
881,
9378,
625,
304,
5649,
278,
12640,
2038,
1125,
13,
29937,
2856,
376,
23523,
29889,
29882,
29908,
13,
361,
313,
13367,
2190,
29968,
29897,
13,
10593,
10192,
29936,
13,
22789,
3912,
29936,
13,
27102,
350,
29936,
13,
28024,
29936,
13,
27102,
379,
29936,
13,
1001,
8127,
29936,
13,
27102,
315,
29936,
13,
27102,
319,
29936,
13,
10593,
10192,
29918,
1254,
29923,
7024,
29936,
13,
4013,
338,
263,
8072,
443,
4984,
2955,
1824,
29892,
278,
2924,
310,
2655,
393,
471,
5216,
5794,
972,
20979,
491,
360,
13535,
4151,
29889,
8360,
2806,
2996,
304,
278,
26406,
310,
278,
2355,
29877,
3229,
29892,
541,
540,
723,
451,
505,
822,
2760,
263,
1824,
763,
445,
29889,
940,
11839,
515,
3172,
262,
29901,
13,
8439,
338,
263,
3748,
6041,
5318,
411,
11545,
324,
29871,
29953,
29900,
11104,
785,
337,
16554,
963,
577,
408,
304,
4772,
773,
2355,
29877,
9506,
29889,
739,
338,
760,
310,
263,
901,
7232,
945,
292,
3748,
785,
27668,
278,
15834,
304,
607,
278,
1824,
378,
345,
952,
967,
2472,
491,
6261,
8617,
16750,
29889,
16088,
450,
3748,
29915,
29879,
26002,
12185,
297,
393,
372,
13672,
13880,
263,
901,
376,
3286,
3560,
29908,
1824,
785,
6775,
304,
2274,
29892,
4744,
29892,
6623,
29892,
322,
11039,
403,
964,
263,
7200,
1824,
29889,
13,
4013,
3748,
508,
367,
5318,
411,
8406,
29891,
1522,
12483,
11104,
408,
1532,
29889,
7803,
6996,
13698,
2041,
297,
1361,
29891,
29901,
27777,
701,
12104,
322,
297,
1915,
292,
29889,
306,
1016,
29915,
29873,
1073,
565,
727,
338,
263,
2253,
1024,
1135,
376,
7888,
9679,
29899,
786,
613,
541,
825,
306,
2099,
338,
278,
11301,
310,
263,
3858,
964,
385,
6261,
1550,
2425,
29889,
10056,
3858,
350,
2038,
29901,
13,
3644,
278,
885,
11310,
6862,
338,
9654,
29892,
2761,
9242,
411,
350,
29936,
6467,
372,
14517,
304,
315,
29889,
1205,
445,
338,
925,
304,
1827,
393,
278,
4933,
674,
1596,
322,
4337,
2175,
1550,
278,
885,
11310,
6862,
338,
9654,
29892,
322,
769,
372,
674,
604,
559,
322,
4337,
1492,
322,
748,
304,
315,
29889,
910,
508,
367,
337,
17625,
408,
263,
1550,
2425,
29892,
322,
278,
1021,
13852,
508,
367,
7436,
304,
315,
29901,
13,
8000,
313,
13367,
2190,
29968,
29897,
426,
13,
4178,
445,
1298,
727,
338,
385,
443,
1116,
3245,
12500,
304,
315,
472,
278,
1095,
310,
350,
29889,
1205,
393,
12500,
5304,
4153,
1434,
278,
18707,
310,
278,
315,
3858,
29892,
577,
372,
508,
367,
10397,
630,
297,
7853,
310,
6416,
20678,
29889,
2193,
471,
278,
1833,
3407,
304,
3858,
315,
29892,
577,
297,
2114,
278,
3858,
508,
367,
2309,
3448,
411,
9186,
29892,
411,
350,
17977,
10549,
967,
3573,
29889,
2567,
727,
338,
925
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| 0.127776 | 1.246517 | 0.872521 | 1.528983 |
A Phantom Jesus: The Teachings of the Second-Century Marcion
In the past couple of posts I have talked about early Christian "docetists," those who were so convinced that Jesus was completely God that they denied he was a "flesh-and-blood" human being. In the early Christian centuries, no one advanced that view more than the "arch-heretic" Marcion.
Marcion had a huge following. In some parts of the Christian world at the end of the second century, there were apparently more Marcionites than other kinds of Christian. One could argue he his views are still broadly popular today, even among Christians who have never heard of him and among those who, if they have, would say that he was a "heretic."
Do you know Christians who think that there is a difference between the God of Wrath in the Old Testament and the God of Love in the New Testament, and who think that the Old Testament does not really apply anymore? That is a weakened version of Marcion's thought. Or do you know people who say Christ was God and so he wasn't *really* a human – or if they don't say that, then when they are pressed they say things that make it pretty clear they don't really think he was human? For example, they don't think Jesus needed to eat; that he didn't need to perform bodily functions that every other human does; that he didn't have human desires; that he actually did know everything and that he really could to anything? That would be Christ the God. But it's not really Christ the human. And that was Marcion's view.
No one I know today is *literally* a Marcionite. But I would say his views continue to be present, in less emphatic form. Here is how I explain his views in my book How Jesus Became God.
If you were a member of the blog, you could read all this. And much more! Five posts a week on interesting topics of all sorts connected with the New Testament and Earliest Christianity. There is a small membership fee to join, but every penny (about 55 a week!) goes to charity. So why not?
BDEhrman2021-03-26T19:55:06-04:00March 20th, 2021|Early Christian Doctrine, Heresy and Orthodoxy|
Share Bart's Post on These Platforms
Click for the Previous Post Click for the Next Post
To Read Comments or Comment, Please Upgrade to a Full Access Silver, Gold or Platinum Membership.
Can We Take the Martyrdom of Polycarp at Face Value? January 29, 2023
Is the Martyrdom of Polycarp an Authentic Account? January 28, 2023
Was Moses High on Mt. Sinai? Part 1 Platinum Post by Douglas Wadeson MD January 27, 2023
More about the First Christian Martyr Text January 26, 2023
Don't Forget Gold and Platinum Members! A FREE Webinar this Saturday. January 25, 2023
Do You Want (and Need) a Free Membership to the Blog? Gift Offer 2023 January 25, 2023
The First Christian Martyr Text? January 24, 2023
Vote on Your Favorite Platinum Post! January 23, 2023
A Spectacular Martyrdom and an Intriguing Textual Change January 23, 2023
The New Testament Ain't the Only Text with Important Scribal Changes! January 22, 2023
Are the Gospels Anti-Jewish? January 21, 2023
What's So Hard about Translating Ancient Texts? January 19, 2023
Watching Notes for Jesus of Montreal! (My Favorite Jesus Movie!) January 18, 2023
What About Translations of Other Ancient Christian Writings? January 18, 2023
Do All Modern Translators of the New Testament Translate the Same Greek Text? January 17, 2023
Categories Select Category Acts of the Apostles (47) Afterlife (129) Bart's Critics (123) Bart's Debates
|
[
319,
1963,
15762,
13825,
29901,
450,
1920,
496,
886,
310,
278,
6440,
29899,
23369,
2857,
1085,
12401,
13,
797,
278,
4940,
7303,
310,
11803,
306,
505,
24867,
1048,
4688,
6111,
376,
1514,
300,
2879,
1699,
1906,
1058,
892,
577,
25617,
393,
13825,
471,
6446,
4177,
393,
896,
17935,
540,
471,
263,
376,
29888,
23854,
29899,
392,
29899,
14073,
397,
29908,
5199,
1641,
29889,
512,
278,
4688,
6111,
21726,
29892,
694,
697,
12862,
393,
1776,
901,
1135,
278,
376,
1279,
29899,
2276,
7492,
29908,
1085,
12401,
29889,
13,
29924,
5666,
291,
750,
263,
12176,
1494,
29889,
512,
777,
5633,
310,
278,
6111,
3186,
472,
278,
1095,
310,
278,
1473,
6462,
29892,
727,
892,
13229,
901,
1085,
12401,
3246,
1135,
916,
17690,
310,
6111,
29889,
3118,
1033,
27754,
540,
670,
8386,
526,
1603,
7300,
368,
5972,
9826,
29892,
1584,
4249,
27353,
1058,
505,
2360,
6091,
310,
1075,
322,
4249,
1906,
1058,
29892,
565,
896,
505,
29892,
723,
1827,
393,
540,
471,
263,
376,
2276,
7492,
1213,
13,
6132,
366,
1073,
27353,
1058,
1348,
393,
727,
338,
263,
4328,
1546,
278,
4177,
310,
399,
29878,
493,
297,
278,
8198,
29198,
322,
278,
4177,
310,
8155,
297,
278,
1570,
29198,
29892,
322,
1058,
1348,
393,
278,
8198,
29198,
947,
451,
2289,
3394,
15128,
29973,
2193,
338,
263,
8062,
6419,
1873,
310,
1085,
12401,
29915,
29879,
2714,
29889,
1394,
437,
366,
1073,
2305,
1058,
1827,
2819,
471,
4177,
322,
577,
540,
9007,
29915,
29873,
334,
276,
635,
29930,
263,
5199,
785,
470,
565,
896,
1016,
29915,
29873,
1827,
393,
29892,
769,
746,
896,
526,
15385,
896,
1827,
2712,
393,
1207,
372,
5051,
2821,
896,
1016,
29915,
29873,
2289,
1348,
540,
471,
5199,
29973,
1152,
1342,
29892,
896,
1016,
29915,
29873,
1348,
13825,
4312,
304,
17545,
29936,
393,
540,
3282,
29915,
29873,
817,
304,
2189,
13004,
2354,
3168,
393,
1432,
916,
5199,
947,
29936,
393,
540,
3282,
29915,
29873,
505,
5199,
553,
2658,
29936,
393,
540,
2869,
1258,
1073,
4129,
322,
393,
540,
2289,
1033,
304,
3099,
29973,
2193,
723,
367,
2819,
278,
4177,
29889,
1205,
372,
29915,
29879,
451,
2289,
2819,
278,
5199,
29889,
1126,
393,
471,
1085,
12401,
29915,
29879,
1776,
29889,
13,
3782,
697,
306,
1073,
9826,
338,
334,
20889,
635,
29930,
263,
1085,
12401,
568,
29889,
1205,
306,
723,
1827,
670,
8386,
6773,
304,
367,
2198,
29892,
297,
3109,
953,
561,
2454,
883,
29889,
2266,
338,
920,
306,
5649,
670,
8386,
297,
590,
3143,
1128,
13825,
350,
687,
420,
4177,
29889,
13,
3644,
366,
892,
263,
4509,
310,
278,
12618,
29892,
366,
1033,
1303,
599,
445,
29889,
1126,
1568,
901,
29991,
22853,
11803,
263,
4723,
373,
8031,
23820,
310,
599,
23551,
6631,
411,
278,
1570,
29198,
322,
5290,
20409,
6111,
537,
29889,
1670,
338,
263,
2319,
28512,
27684,
304,
5988,
29892,
541,
1432,
6584,
1460,
313,
12717,
29871,
29945,
29945,
263,
4723,
14366,
5771,
304,
1373,
537,
29889,
1105,
2020,
451,
29973,
13,
29933,
2287,
1092,
1171,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29896,
29899,
29900,
29941,
29899,
29906,
29953,
29911,
29896,
29929,
29901,
29945,
29945,
29901,
29900,
29953,
29899,
29900,
29946,
29901,
29900,
29900,
29924,
1279,
29871,
29906,
29900,
386,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29896,
29989,
29923,
279,
368,
6111,
1938,
14600,
29892,
2439,
267,
29891,
322,
23757,
17324,
29891,
29989,
13,
2713,
598,
12245,
29915,
29879,
4918,
373,
4525,
28096,
29879,
13,
4164,
363,
278,
4721,
2366,
4918,
16297,
363,
278,
8084,
4918,
13,
1762,
7523,
461,
29879,
470,
461,
29892,
3529,
5020,
8228,
304,
263,
14846,
11028,
16466,
29892,
6650,
470,
1858,
21203,
398,
341,
1590,
10475,
29889,
13,
6028,
1334,
11190,
278,
3760,
4316,
3129,
310,
21755,
4287,
29886,
472,
10635,
7865,
29973,
5490,
29871,
29906,
29929,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29941,
13,
3624,
278,
3760,
4316,
3129,
310,
21755,
4287,
29886,
385,
13189,
4173,
16535,
29973,
5490,
29871,
29906,
29947,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29941,
13,
29956,
294,
6630,
267,
5057,
373,
341,
29873,
29889,
317,
1099,
29875,
29973,
3455,
29871,
29896,
1858,
21203,
398,
4918,
491,
16721,
399,
3076,
265,
20672,
5490,
29871,
29906,
29955,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29941,
13,
20761,
1048,
278,
3824,
6111,
3760,
4316,
3992,
5490,
29871,
29906,
29953,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29941,
13,
10310,
29915,
29873,
1152,
657,
6650,
322,
1858,
21203,
398,
341,
13415,
29991,
319,
383,
21661,
2563,
18220,
445,
24211,
29889,
5490,
29871,
29906,
29945,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29941,
13,
6132,
887,
399,
424,
313,
392,
20768,
29897,
263,
12362,
341,
1590,
10475,
304,
278,
350,
1188,
29973,
402,
2027,
4587,
571,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29941,
5490,
29871,
29906,
29945,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29941,
13,
1576,
3824,
6111,
3760,
4316,
3992,
29973,
5490,
29871,
29906,
29946,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29941,
13,
29963,
866,
373,
3575,
383,
17118,
568,
1858,
21203,
398,
4918,
29991,
5490,
29871,
29906,
29941,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29941,
13,
29909,
27738,
562,
1070,
3760,
4316,
3129,
322,
385,
512,
509,
5526,
292,
3992,
950,
10726,
5490,
29871,
29906,
29941,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29941,
13,
1576,
1570,
29198,
23719,
29915,
29873,
278,
9333,
3992,
411,
16032,
424,
317,
699,
5521,
678,
6916,
29991,
5490,
29871,
29906,
29906,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29941,
13,
17506,
278,
402,
4705,
1379,
18473,
29899,
29967,
809,
728,
29973,
5490,
29871,
29906,
29896,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29941,
13,
5618,
29915,
29879,
1105,
10999,
1048,
4103,
29880,
1218,
530,
15566,
3992,
29879,
29973,
5490,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29941,
13,
24709,
292,
8695,
363,
13825,
310,
26693,
29991,
313,
3421,
383,
17118,
568,
13825,
7871,
14366,
5490,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29941,
13,
5618,
13611,
4103,
29880,
800,
310,
5901,
530,
15566,
6111,
16849,
886,
29973,
5490,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29941,
13,
6132,
2178,
14624,
4103,
29880,
4097,
310,
278,
1570,
29198,
4103,
9632,
278,
19491,
12311,
3992,
29973,
5490,
29871,
29896,
29955,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29941,
13,
29907,
14404,
7605,
17943,
3185,
29879,
310,
278,
22468,
793,
313,
29946,
29955,
29897,
2860,
19264,
313,
29896,
29906,
29929,
29897,
12245,
29915,
29879,
15976,
1199,
313,
29896,
29906,
29941,
29897,
12245,
29915,
29879,
7089,
1078
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| 0.098568 | 0.452273 | 0.294655 | 0.716932 |
BDNF Val66Met moderates memory impairment, hippocampal function and tau in preclinical autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease
Yen Ying Lim, Jason Hassenstab, Carlos Cruchaga, Alison Goate, Anne M. Fagan, Tammie L.S. Benzinger, Paul Maruff, Peter J. Snyder, Colin L. Masters, Ricardo Allegri, Jasmeer Chhatwal, Martin R. Farlow, Neill R. Graff-Radford, Christoph Laske, Johannes Levin, Eric McDade, John M. Ringman, Martin Rossor, Stephen Salloway, Peter R. SchofieldDavid M. Holtzman, John C. Morris, Randall J. Bateman
See Rogaeva and Schmitt-Ulms (doi:10.1093/aww201) for a scientific commentary on this article. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism is implicated in synaptic excitation and neuronal integrity, and has previously been shown to moderate amyloid-β-related memory decline and hippocampal atrophy in preclinical sporadic Alzheimer's disease. However, the effect of BDNF in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease is unknown. We aimed to determine the effect of BDNF Val66Met on cognitive function, hippocampal function, tau and amyloid-β in preclinical autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease. We explored effects of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ϵ4 on these relationships. The Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network conducted clinical, neuropsychological, genetic, biomarker and neuroimaging measures at baseline in 131 mutation non-carriers and 143 preclinical autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease mutation carriers on average 12 years before clinical symptom onset. BDNF genotype data were obtained for mutation carriers (95 Val66 homozygotes, 48 Met66 carriers). Among preclinical mutation carriers, Met66 carriers had worse memory performance, lower hippocampal glucose metabolism and increased levels of cerebrospinal fluid tau and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) than Val66 homozygotes. Cortical amyloid-β and cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β42 levels were significantly different from non-carriers but did not differ between preclinical mutation carrier Val66 homozygotes and Met66 carriers. There was an effect of APOE on amyloid-β levels, but not cognitive function, glucose metabolism or tau. As in sporadic Alzheimer's disease, the deleterious effects of amyloid-β on memory, hippocampal function, and tau in preclinical autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease mutation carriers are greater in Met66 carriers. To date, this is the only genetic factor found to moderate downstream effects of amyloid-β in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease.
https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/aww200
10.1093/brain/aww200
Dive into the research topics of 'BDNF Val66Met moderates memory impairment, hippocampal function and tau in preclinical autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Apolipoprotein E4 Medicine & Life Sciences 18%
Lim, Y. Y., Hassenstab, J., Cruchaga, C., Goate, A., Fagan, A. M., Benzinger, T. L. S., Maruff, P., Snyder, P. J., Masters, C. L., Allegri, R., Chhatwal, J., Farlow, M. R., Graff-Radford, N. R., Laske, C., Levin, J., McDade, E., Ringman, J.
|
[
350,
29928,
22498,
2630,
29953,
29953,
10095,
17768,
1078,
3370,
2411,
1466,
358,
29892,
7251,
407,
542,
1160,
284,
740,
322,
260,
585,
297,
758,
695,
262,
936,
1120,
359,
290,
284,
28526,
838,
29920,
27400,
29915,
29879,
17135,
13,
29979,
264,
612,
292,
9628,
29892,
21776,
379,
11257,
29256,
29892,
10815,
11263,
305,
7781,
29892,
838,
2285,
2921,
403,
29892,
10558,
341,
29889,
383,
18939,
29892,
323,
4850,
347,
365,
29889,
29903,
29889,
4111,
29920,
5621,
29892,
3739,
1085,
3096,
29892,
5310,
435,
29889,
317,
1460,
672,
29892,
1530,
262,
365,
29889,
27863,
29892,
13675,
6491,
838,
1397,
374,
29892,
28725,
1004,
261,
678,
2455,
14625,
29892,
6502,
390,
29889,
8413,
677,
29892,
2448,
453,
390,
29889,
4989,
600,
29899,
9908,
4006,
29892,
28840,
7413,
446,
29892,
15265,
951,
3845,
29892,
14713,
4052,
29928,
1943,
29892,
2259,
341,
29889,
17716,
1171,
29892,
6502,
13693,
272,
29892,
14317,
317,
9536,
388,
29892,
5310,
390,
29889,
1102,
974,
969,
19504,
341,
29889,
4168,
17559,
1171,
29892,
2259,
315,
29889,
23112,
29892,
17468,
497,
435,
29889,
12579,
11422,
13,
13393,
9272,
3660,
1564,
322,
1102,
18344,
29899,
29965,
29880,
1516,
313,
1867,
29875,
29901,
29896,
29900,
29889,
29896,
29900,
29929,
29941,
29914,
1450,
29893,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29897,
363,
263,
16021,
3440,
653,
373,
445,
4274,
29889,
450,
17294,
29899,
672,
2347,
452,
2192,
29873,
19783,
293,
7329,
313,
29121,
22498,
29897,
2630,
29953,
29953,
10095,
24324,
28611,
338,
2411,
9169,
297,
5222,
2156,
293,
5566,
7018,
322,
26808,
7177,
28410,
29892,
322,
756,
9251,
1063,
4318,
304,
17768,
403,
626,
29891,
417,
333,
29899,
30187,
29899,
12817,
3370,
4845,
457,
322,
7251,
407,
542,
1160,
284,
472,
307,
11461,
297,
758,
695,
262,
936,
805,
272,
26538,
838,
29920,
27400,
29915,
29879,
17135,
29889,
2398,
29892,
278,
2779,
310,
350,
29928,
22498,
297,
1120,
359,
290,
284,
28526,
838,
29920,
27400,
29915,
29879,
17135,
338,
9815,
29889,
1334,
12242,
287,
304,
8161,
278,
2779,
310,
350,
29928,
22498,
2630,
29953,
29953,
10095,
373,
25323,
3321,
740,
29892,
7251,
407,
542,
1160,
284,
740,
29892,
260,
585,
322,
626,
29891,
417,
333,
29899,
30187,
297,
758,
695,
262,
936,
1120,
359,
290,
284,
28526,
838,
29920,
27400,
29915,
29879,
17135,
29889,
1334,
3902,
4395,
9545,
310,
3095,
324,
666,
459,
4859,
262,
382,
313,
3301,
29949,
29923,
29897,
29871,
31309,
29946,
373,
1438,
21702,
29889,
450,
13298,
10835,
512,
2276,
1573,
838,
29920,
27400,
8527,
18043,
24899,
936,
29892,
452,
2192,
567,
3376,
5996,
29892,
2531,
7492,
29892,
4768,
290,
935,
261,
322,
452,
2192,
326,
6751,
15366,
472,
2362,
5570,
297,
29871,
29896,
29941,
29896,
5478,
362,
1661,
29899,
4287,
26536,
322,
29871,
29896,
29946,
29941,
758,
695,
262,
936,
1120,
359,
290,
284,
28526,
838,
29920,
27400,
29915,
29879,
17135,
5478,
362,
19638,
414,
373,
6588,
29871,
29896,
29906,
2440,
1434,
24899,
936,
25828,
290,
373,
842,
29889,
350,
29928,
22498,
2531,
327,
668,
848,
892,
7625,
363,
5478,
362,
19638,
414,
313,
29929,
29945,
2630,
29953,
29953,
3632,
29877,
1537,
29887,
4769,
29892,
29871,
29946,
29947,
4737,
29953,
29953,
19638,
414,
467,
17302,
758,
695,
262,
936,
5478,
362,
19638,
414,
29892,
4737,
29953,
29953,
19638,
414,
750,
15029,
3370,
4180,
29892,
5224,
7251,
407,
542,
1160,
284,
3144,
1682,
852,
1539,
19388,
1608,
322,
11664,
11174,
310,
274,
406,
6729,
1028,
979,
22576,
260,
585,
322,
1374,
25715,
706,
29880,
630,
260,
585,
313,
29886,
29899,
4722,
29897,
1135,
2630,
29953,
29953,
3632,
29877,
1537,
29887,
4769,
29889,
20290,
936,
626,
29891,
417,
333,
29899,
30187,
322,
274,
406,
6729,
1028,
979,
22576,
626,
29891,
417,
333,
29899,
30187,
29946,
29906,
11174,
892,
16951,
1422,
515,
1661,
29899,
4287,
26536,
541,
1258,
451,
1163,
1546,
758,
695,
262,
936,
5478,
362,
1559,
4336,
2630,
29953,
29953,
3632,
29877,
1537,
29887,
4769,
322,
4737,
29953,
29953,
19638,
414,
29889,
1670,
471,
385,
2779,
310,
12279,
29949,
29923,
373,
626,
29891,
417,
333,
29899,
30187,
11174,
29892,
541,
451,
25323,
3321,
740,
29892,
3144,
1682,
852,
1539,
19388,
1608,
470,
260,
585,
29889,
1094,
297,
805,
272,
26538,
838,
29920,
27400,
29915,
29879,
17135,
29892,
278,
316,
280,
357,
2738,
9545,
310,
626,
29891,
417,
333,
29899,
30187,
373,
3370,
29892,
7251,
407,
542,
1160,
284,
740,
29892,
322,
260,
585,
297,
758,
695,
262,
936,
1120,
359,
290,
284,
28526,
838,
29920,
27400,
29915,
29879,
17135,
5478,
362,
19638,
414,
526,
7621,
297,
4737,
29953,
29953,
19638,
414,
29889,
1763,
2635,
29892,
445,
338,
278,
871,
2531,
7492,
7329,
1476,
304,
17768,
403,
1623,
5461,
9545,
310,
626,
29891,
417,
333,
29899,
30187,
297,
1120,
359,
290,
284,
28526,
838,
29920,
27400,
29915,
29879,
17135,
29889,
13,
991,
597,
1867,
29875,
29889,
990,
29914,
29896,
29900,
29889,
29896,
29900,
29929,
29941,
29914,
2634,
262,
29914,
1450,
29893,
29906,
29900,
29900,
13,
29896,
29900,
29889,
29896,
29900,
29929,
29941,
29914,
2634,
262,
29914,
1450,
29893,
29906,
29900,
29900,
13,
29928,
573,
964,
278,
5925,
23820,
310,
525,
29121,
22498,
2630,
29953,
29953,
10095,
17768,
1078,
3370,
2411,
1466,
358,
29892,
7251,
407,
542,
1160,
284,
740,
322,
260,
585,
297,
758,
695,
262,
936,
1120,
359,
290,
284,
28526,
838,
29920,
27400,
29915,
29879,
17135,
4286,
323,
12966,
896,
883,
263,
5412,
19917,
2158,
29889,
13,
22097,
29899,
15383,
2347,
2448,
2192,
29873,
19783,
293,
383,
7168,
27529,
669,
4634,
17253,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29900,
29995,
13,
29909,
3733,
666,
459,
4859,
262,
382,
29946,
27529,
669,
4634,
17253,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29995,
13,
29931,
326,
29892,
612,
29889,
612,
1696,
379,
11257,
29256,
29892,
435,
1696,
11263,
305,
7781,
29892,
315,
1696,
2921,
403,
29892,
319,
1696,
383,
18939,
29892,
319,
29889,
341,
1696,
4111,
29920,
5621,
29892,
323,
29889,
365,
29889,
317,
1696,
1085,
3096,
29892,
349,
1696,
317,
1460,
672,
29892,
349,
29889,
435,
1696,
27863,
29892,
315,
29889,
365,
1696,
838,
1397,
374,
29892,
390,
1696,
678,
2455,
14625,
29892,
435,
1696,
8413,
677,
29892,
341,
29889,
390,
1696,
4989,
600,
29899,
9908,
4006,
29892,
405,
29889,
390,
1696,
7413,
446,
29892,
315,
1696,
951,
3845,
29892,
435,
1696,
4052,
29928,
1943,
29892,
382,
1696,
17716,
1171,
29892,
435,
29889
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| -0.099804 | 1.885027 | 1.306481 | 0.9522 |
M., Rossor, M., Salloway, S., ... Bateman, R. J. (2016). BDNF Val66Met moderates memory impairment, hippocampal function and tau in preclinical autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease. Brain, 139(10), 2766-2777. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/aww200
BDNF Val66Met moderates memory impairment, hippocampal function and tau in preclinical autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease. / Lim, Yen Ying; Hassenstab, Jason; Cruchaga, Carlos et al.
In: Brain, Vol. 139, No. 10, 01.10.2016, p. 2766-2777.
Lim, YY, Hassenstab, J, Cruchaga, C, Goate, A, Fagan, AM, Benzinger, TLS, Maruff, P, Snyder, PJ, Masters, CL, Allegri, R, Chhatwal, J, Farlow, MR, Graff-Radford, NR, Laske, C, Levin, J, McDade, E, Ringman, JM, Rossor, M, Salloway, S, Schofield, PR, Holtzman, DM, Morris, JC & Bateman, RJ 2016, 'BDNF Val66Met moderates memory impairment, hippocampal function and tau in preclinical autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease', Brain, vol. 139, no. 10, pp. 2766-2777. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/aww200
Lim YY, Hassenstab J, Cruchaga C, Goate A, Fagan AM, Benzinger TLS et al. BDNF Val66Met moderates memory impairment, hippocampal function and tau in preclinical autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease. Brain. 2016 Oct 1;139(10):2766-2777. doi: 10.1093/brain/aww200
Lim, Yen Ying ; Hassenstab, Jason ; Cruchaga, Carlos et al. / BDNF Val66Met moderates memory impairment, hippocampal function and tau in preclinical autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease. In: Brain. 2016 ; Vol. 139, No. 10. pp. 2766-2777.
@article{cf5a02a2baaf48149da21b850acb6c2b,
title = "BDNF Val66Met moderates memory impairment, hippocampal function and tau in preclinical autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease",
abstract = "See Rogaeva and Schmitt-Ulms (doi:10.1093/aww201) for a scientific commentary on this article. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism is implicated in synaptic excitation and neuronal integrity, and has previously been shown to moderate amyloid-β-related memory decline and hippocampal atrophy in preclinical sporadic Alzheimer's disease. However, the effect of BDNF in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease is unknown. We aimed to determine the effect of BDNF Val66Met on cognitive function, hippocampal function, tau and amyloid-β in preclinical autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease. We explored effects of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ϵ4 on these relationships. The Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network conducted clinical, neuropsychological, genetic, biomarker and neuroimaging measures at baseline in 131 mutation non-carriers and 143 preclinical autosomal dominant Al
|
[
341,
1696,
13693,
272,
29892,
341,
1696,
317,
9536,
388,
29892,
317,
1696,
2023,
12579,
11422,
29892,
390,
29889,
435,
29889,
313,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
467,
350,
29928,
22498,
2630,
29953,
29953,
10095,
17768,
1078,
3370,
2411,
1466,
358,
29892,
7251,
407,
542,
1160,
284,
740,
322,
260,
585,
297,
758,
695,
262,
936,
1120,
359,
290,
284,
28526,
838,
29920,
27400,
29915,
29879,
17135,
29889,
5032,
262,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29941,
29929,
29898,
29896,
29900,
511,
29871,
29906,
29955,
29953,
29953,
29899,
29906,
29955,
29955,
29955,
29889,
2045,
597,
1867,
29875,
29889,
990,
29914,
29896,
29900,
29889,
29896,
29900,
29929,
29941,
29914,
2634,
262,
29914,
1450,
29893,
29906,
29900,
29900,
13,
29121,
22498,
2630,
29953,
29953,
10095,
17768,
1078,
3370,
2411,
1466,
358,
29892,
7251,
407,
542,
1160,
284,
740,
322,
260,
585,
297,
758,
695,
262,
936,
1120,
359,
290,
284,
28526,
838,
29920,
27400,
29915,
29879,
17135,
29889,
847,
9628,
29892,
612,
264,
612,
292,
29936,
379,
11257,
29256,
29892,
21776,
29936,
11263,
305,
7781,
29892,
10815,
634,
394,
29889,
13,
797,
29901,
5032,
262,
29892,
3684,
29889,
29871,
29896,
29941,
29929,
29892,
1939,
29889,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29892,
29871,
29900,
29896,
29889,
29896,
29900,
29889,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
29892,
282,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29955,
29953,
29953,
29899,
29906,
29955,
29955,
29955,
29889,
13,
29931,
326,
29892,
612,
29979,
29892,
379,
11257,
29256,
29892,
435,
29892,
11263,
305,
7781,
29892,
315,
29892,
2921,
403,
29892,
319,
29892,
383,
18939,
29892,
13862,
29892,
4111,
29920,
5621,
29892,
27658,
29892,
1085,
3096,
29892,
349,
29892,
317,
1460,
672,
29892,
349,
29967,
29892,
27863,
29892,
17332,
29892,
838,
1397,
374,
29892,
390,
29892,
678,
2455,
14625,
29892,
435,
29892,
8413,
677,
29892,
29751,
29892,
4989,
600,
29899,
9908,
4006,
29892,
27759,
29892,
7413,
446,
29892,
315,
29892,
951,
3845,
29892,
435,
29892,
4052,
29928,
1943,
29892,
382,
29892,
17716,
1171,
29892,
435,
29924,
29892,
13693,
272,
29892,
341,
29892,
317,
9536,
388,
29892,
317,
29892,
1102,
974,
969,
29892,
12089,
29892,
4168,
17559,
1171,
29892,
27692,
29892,
23112,
29892,
435,
29907,
669,
12579,
11422,
29892,
390,
29967,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
29892,
525,
29121,
22498,
2630,
29953,
29953,
10095,
17768,
1078,
3370,
2411,
1466,
358,
29892,
7251,
407,
542,
1160,
284,
740,
322,
260,
585,
297,
758,
695,
262,
936,
1120,
359,
290,
284,
28526,
838,
29920,
27400,
29915,
29879,
17135,
742,
5032,
262,
29892,
1700,
29889,
29871,
29896,
29941,
29929,
29892,
694,
29889,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29892,
6499,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29955,
29953,
29953,
29899,
29906,
29955,
29955,
29955,
29889,
2045,
597,
1867,
29875,
29889,
990,
29914,
29896,
29900,
29889,
29896,
29900,
29929,
29941,
29914,
2634,
262,
29914,
1450,
29893,
29906,
29900,
29900,
13,
29931,
326,
612,
29979,
29892,
379,
11257,
29256,
435,
29892,
11263,
305,
7781,
315,
29892,
2921,
403,
319,
29892,
383,
18939,
13862,
29892,
4111,
29920,
5621,
27658,
634,
394,
29889,
350,
29928,
22498,
2630,
29953,
29953,
10095,
17768,
1078,
3370,
2411,
1466,
358,
29892,
7251,
407,
542,
1160,
284,
740,
322,
260,
585,
297,
758,
695,
262,
936,
1120,
359,
290,
284,
28526,
838,
29920,
27400,
29915,
29879,
17135,
29889,
5032,
262,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
4756,
29871,
29896,
29936,
29896,
29941,
29929,
29898,
29896,
29900,
1125,
29906,
29955,
29953,
29953,
29899,
29906,
29955,
29955,
29955,
29889,
13102,
29901,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29889,
29896,
29900,
29929,
29941,
29914,
2634,
262,
29914,
1450,
29893,
29906,
29900,
29900,
13,
29931,
326,
29892,
612,
264,
612,
292,
2056,
379,
11257,
29256,
29892,
21776,
2056,
11263,
305,
7781,
29892,
10815,
634,
394,
29889,
847,
350,
29928,
22498,
2630,
29953,
29953,
10095,
17768,
1078,
3370,
2411,
1466,
358,
29892,
7251,
407,
542,
1160,
284,
740,
322,
260,
585,
297,
758,
695,
262,
936,
1120,
359,
290,
284,
28526,
838,
29920,
27400,
29915,
29879,
17135,
29889,
512,
29901,
5032,
262,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
2056,
3684,
29889,
29871,
29896,
29941,
29929,
29892,
1939,
29889,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29889,
6499,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29955,
29953,
29953,
29899,
29906,
29955,
29955,
29955,
29889,
13,
29992,
7914,
29912,
6854,
29945,
29874,
29900,
29906,
29874,
29906,
2291,
2142,
29946,
29947,
29896,
29946,
29929,
1388,
29906,
29896,
29890,
29947,
29945,
29900,
562,
29890,
29953,
29883,
29906,
29890,
29892,
13,
3257,
353,
376,
29121,
22498,
2630,
29953,
29953,
10095,
17768,
1078,
3370,
2411,
1466,
358,
29892,
7251,
407,
542,
1160,
284,
740,
322,
260,
585,
297,
758,
695,
262,
936,
1120,
359,
290,
284,
28526,
838,
29920,
27400,
29915,
29879,
17135,
613,
13,
16595,
353,
376,
13393,
9272,
3660,
1564,
322,
1102,
18344,
29899,
29965,
29880,
1516,
313,
1867,
29875,
29901,
29896,
29900,
29889,
29896,
29900,
29929,
29941,
29914,
1450,
29893,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29897,
363,
263,
16021,
3440,
653,
373,
445,
4274,
29889,
450,
17294,
29899,
672,
2347,
452,
2192,
29873,
19783,
293,
7329,
313,
29121,
22498,
29897,
2630,
29953,
29953,
10095,
24324,
28611,
338,
2411,
9169,
297,
5222,
2156,
293,
5566,
7018,
322,
26808,
7177,
28410,
29892,
322,
756,
9251,
1063,
4318,
304,
17768,
403,
626,
29891,
417,
333,
29899,
30187,
29899,
12817,
3370,
4845,
457,
322,
7251,
407,
542,
1160,
284,
472,
307,
11461,
297,
758,
695,
262,
936,
805,
272,
26538,
838,
29920,
27400,
29915,
29879,
17135,
29889,
2398,
29892,
278,
2779,
310,
350,
29928,
22498,
297,
1120,
359,
290,
284,
28526,
838,
29920,
27400,
29915,
29879,
17135,
338,
9815,
29889,
1334,
12242,
287,
304,
8161,
278,
2779,
310,
350,
29928,
22498,
2630,
29953,
29953,
10095,
373,
25323,
3321,
740,
29892,
7251,
407,
542,
1160,
284,
740,
29892,
260,
585,
322,
626,
29891,
417,
333,
29899,
30187,
297,
758,
695,
262,
936,
1120,
359,
290,
284,
28526,
838,
29920,
27400,
29915,
29879,
17135,
29889,
1334,
3902,
4395,
9545,
310,
3095,
324,
666,
459,
4859,
262,
382,
313,
3301,
29949,
29923,
29897,
29871,
31309,
29946,
373,
1438,
21702,
29889,
450,
13298,
10835,
512,
2276,
1573,
838,
29920,
27400,
8527,
18043,
24899,
936,
29892,
452,
2192,
567,
3376,
5996,
29892,
2531,
7492,
29892,
4768,
290,
935,
261,
322,
452,
2192,
326,
6751,
15366,
472,
2362,
5570,
297,
29871,
29896,
29941,
29896,
5478,
362,
1661,
29899,
4287,
26536,
322,
29871,
29896,
29946,
29941,
758,
695,
262,
936,
1120,
359,
290,
284,
28526,
838
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| -0.514809 | 1.371104 | 0.354279 | 0.456368 |
zheimer's disease mutation carriers on average 12 years before clinical symptom onset. BDNF genotype data were obtained for mutation carriers (95 Val66 homozygotes, 48 Met66 carriers). Among preclinical mutation carriers, Met66 carriers had worse memory performance, lower hippocampal glucose metabolism and increased levels of cerebrospinal fluid tau and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) than Val66 homozygotes. Cortical amyloid-β and cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β42 levels were significantly different from non-carriers but did not differ between preclinical mutation carrier Val66 homozygotes and Met66 carriers. There was an effect of APOE on amyloid-β levels, but not cognitive function, glucose metabolism or tau. As in sporadic Alzheimer's disease, the deleterious effects of amyloid-β on memory, hippocampal function, and tau in preclinical autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease mutation carriers are greater in Met66 carriers. To date, this is the only genetic factor found to moderate downstream effects of amyloid-β in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease.",
keywords = "Alzheimer's disease, amyloid-β, dementia, genetics, tau",
author = "Lim, {Yen Ying} and Jason Hassenstab and Carlos Cruchaga and Alison Goate and Fagan, {Anne M.} and Benzinger, {Tammie L.S.} and Paul Maruff and Snyder, {Peter J.} and Masters, {Colin L.} and Ricardo Allegri and Jasmeer Chhatwal and Farlow, {Martin R.} and Graff-Radford, {Neill R.} and Christoph Laske and Johannes Levin and Eric McDade and Ringman, {John M.} and Martin Rossor and Stephen Salloway and Schofield, {Peter R.} and Holtzman, {David M.} and Morris, {John C.} and Bateman, {Randall J.}",
note = "Funding Information: Data collection and sharing for this project was supported by The Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer's Network (DIAN, U19AG032438) funded by the National Institute on Aging (NIA) and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE). This work was also supported by the NIHR Queen Square Dementia Biomedical Research Unit and the MRC Dementias Platform UK (MR/L023784/1 and MR/009076/1). We thank the Genome Technology Access Center in the Department of Genetics at Washington University School of Medicine for help with genomic analysis. The Center is partially supported by NCI Cancer Center Support Grant #P30 CA91842 to the Siteman Cancer Center and by ICTS/CTSA Grant# UL1TR000448 from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. Data and/or tissue generated from DIAN fibroblasts (or IPSCs) and/or exome chip sequencing was supported by the DIAN-TU Pharma Consortium, (the DIAN-TU Pharma Consortium, http://dian-tu.wustl. edu/en/pharma-consortium-members/). This publication is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official view of NCRR or NIH. JP Chhatwal is supported by K23-AG049087. YY Lim is supported by the Alzheimer's Australia Dementia Research Fellowship, the Yulgilbar Alzheimer's Research Program, and the NHMRC-ARC Dementia Research Development Fellowship. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016 The Author (2016). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain. All rights reserved.",
doi = "10.1093/brain/aww200",
T1 - BDNF Val66Met
|
[
29920,
27400,
29915,
29879,
17135,
5478,
362,
19638,
414,
373,
6588,
29871,
29896,
29906,
2440,
1434,
24899,
936,
25828,
290,
373,
842,
29889,
350,
29928,
22498,
2531,
327,
668,
848,
892,
7625,
363,
5478,
362,
19638,
414,
313,
29929,
29945,
2630,
29953,
29953,
3632,
29877,
1537,
29887,
4769,
29892,
29871,
29946,
29947,
4737,
29953,
29953,
19638,
414,
467,
17302,
758,
695,
262,
936,
5478,
362,
19638,
414,
29892,
4737,
29953,
29953,
19638,
414,
750,
15029,
3370,
4180,
29892,
5224,
7251,
407,
542,
1160,
284,
3144,
1682,
852,
1539,
19388,
1608,
322,
11664,
11174,
310,
274,
406,
6729,
1028,
979,
22576,
260,
585,
322,
1374,
25715,
706,
29880,
630,
260,
585,
313,
29886,
29899,
4722,
29897,
1135,
2630,
29953,
29953,
3632,
29877,
1537,
29887,
4769,
29889,
20290,
936,
626,
29891,
417,
333,
29899,
30187,
322,
274,
406,
6729,
1028,
979,
22576,
626,
29891,
417,
333,
29899,
30187,
29946,
29906,
11174,
892,
16951,
1422,
515,
1661,
29899,
4287,
26536,
541,
1258,
451,
1163,
1546,
758,
695,
262,
936,
5478,
362,
1559,
4336,
2630,
29953,
29953,
3632,
29877,
1537,
29887,
4769,
322,
4737,
29953,
29953,
19638,
414,
29889,
1670,
471,
385,
2779,
310,
12279,
29949,
29923,
373,
626,
29891,
417,
333,
29899,
30187,
11174,
29892,
541,
451,
25323,
3321,
740,
29892,
3144,
1682,
852,
1539,
19388,
1608,
470,
260,
585,
29889,
1094,
297,
805,
272,
26538,
838,
29920,
27400,
29915,
29879,
17135,
29892,
278,
316,
280,
357,
2738,
9545,
310,
626,
29891,
417,
333,
29899,
30187,
373,
3370,
29892,
7251,
407,
542,
1160,
284,
740,
29892,
322,
260,
585,
297,
758,
695,
262,
936,
1120,
359,
290,
284,
28526,
838,
29920,
27400,
29915,
29879,
17135,
5478,
362,
19638,
414,
526,
7621,
297,
4737,
29953,
29953,
19638,
414,
29889,
1763,
2635,
29892,
445,
338,
278,
871,
2531,
7492,
7329,
1476,
304,
17768,
403,
1623,
5461,
9545,
310,
626,
29891,
417,
333,
29899,
30187,
297,
1120,
359,
290,
284,
28526,
838,
29920,
27400,
29915,
29879,
17135,
19602,
13,
1989,
9303,
353,
376,
2499,
29920,
27400,
29915,
29879,
17135,
29892,
626,
29891,
417,
333,
29899,
30187,
29892,
316,
358,
423,
29892,
2531,
300,
1199,
29892,
260,
585,
613,
13,
8921,
353,
376,
29931,
326,
29892,
426,
29979,
264,
612,
292,
29913,
322,
21776,
379,
11257,
29256,
322,
10815,
11263,
305,
7781,
322,
838,
2285,
2921,
403,
322,
383,
18939,
29892,
426,
2744,
484,
341,
5003,
322,
4111,
29920,
5621,
29892,
426,
29911,
4850,
347,
365,
29889,
29903,
5003,
322,
3739,
1085,
3096,
322,
317,
1460,
672,
29892,
426,
23686,
435,
5003,
322,
27863,
29892,
426,
1625,
262,
365,
5003,
322,
13675,
6491,
838,
1397,
374,
322,
28725,
1004,
261,
678,
2455,
14625,
322,
8413,
677,
29892,
426,
22628,
390,
5003,
322,
4989,
600,
29899,
9908,
4006,
29892,
426,
8139,
453,
390,
5003,
322,
28840,
7413,
446,
322,
15265,
951,
3845,
322,
14713,
4052,
29928,
1943,
322,
17716,
1171,
29892,
426,
11639,
341,
5003,
322,
6502,
13693,
272,
322,
14317,
317,
9536,
388,
322,
1102,
974,
969,
29892,
426,
23686,
390,
5003,
322,
4168,
17559,
1171,
29892,
426,
19504,
341,
5003,
322,
23112,
29892,
426,
11639,
315,
5003,
322,
12579,
11422,
29892,
426,
29934,
392,
497,
435,
5003,
613,
13,
6812,
353,
376,
29943,
870,
292,
10343,
29901,
3630,
4333,
322,
19383,
363,
445,
2060,
471,
6969,
491,
450,
13298,
10835,
512,
2276,
1573,
838,
29920,
27400,
29915,
29879,
8527,
313,
4571,
2190,
29892,
501,
29896,
29929,
10051,
29900,
29941,
29906,
29946,
29941,
29947,
29897,
5220,
287,
491,
278,
3086,
8907,
373,
319,
3460,
313,
29940,
10764,
29897,
322,
278,
5332,
7817,
363,
2448,
2192,
311,
4738,
1230,
360,
895,
2129,
313,
29928,
29999,
8186,
467,
910,
664,
471,
884,
6969,
491,
278,
405,
29902,
20938,
10470,
19256,
360,
882,
423,
3457,
27067,
936,
10550,
13223,
322,
278,
341,
10363,
360,
882,
3173,
28096,
10261,
313,
21055,
29914,
29931,
29900,
29906,
29941,
29955,
29947,
29946,
29914,
29896,
322,
29751,
29914,
29900,
29900,
29929,
29900,
29955,
29953,
29914,
29896,
467,
1334,
6452,
278,
5739,
608,
17968,
11028,
7817,
297,
278,
10317,
310,
5739,
300,
1199,
472,
7660,
3014,
4523,
310,
27529,
363,
1371,
411,
20853,
293,
7418,
29889,
450,
7817,
338,
22039,
6969,
491,
405,
8426,
1815,
2265,
7817,
18601,
18102,
396,
29925,
29941,
29900,
12766,
29929,
29896,
29947,
29946,
29906,
304,
278,
317,
667,
273,
1815,
2265,
7817,
322,
491,
306,
1783,
29903,
29914,
1783,
8132,
18102,
29937,
501,
29931,
29896,
5659,
29900,
29900,
29900,
29946,
29946,
29947,
515,
278,
3086,
7817,
363,
10550,
27562,
313,
29940,
11341,
29934,
511,
263,
4163,
310,
278,
3086,
5827,
2667,
310,
15202,
313,
12916,
29950,
511,
322,
405,
29902,
29950,
9321,
1958,
363,
20795,
10550,
29889,
3630,
322,
29914,
272,
260,
15118,
5759,
515,
22471,
2190,
18755,
307,
2204,
19416,
313,
272,
5641,
7187,
29879,
29897,
322,
29914,
272,
429,
608,
29830,
8617,
16750,
471,
6969,
491,
278,
22471,
2190,
29899,
29911,
29965,
1963,
22824,
2138,
441,
1974,
29892,
313,
1552,
22471,
2190,
29899,
29911,
29965,
1963,
22824,
2138,
441,
1974,
29892,
1732,
597,
29881,
713,
29899,
9161,
29889,
29893,
504,
29880,
29889,
1226,
29884,
29914,
264,
29914,
561,
22824,
29899,
3200,
441,
1974,
29899,
28109,
12495,
910,
17745,
338,
14419,
368,
278,
23134,
310,
278,
15717,
322,
947,
451,
12695,
2755,
278,
6221,
1776,
310,
405,
11341,
29934,
470,
405,
29902,
29950,
29889,
435,
29925,
678,
2455,
14625,
338,
6969,
491,
476,
29906,
29941,
29899,
10051,
29900,
29946,
29929,
29900,
29947,
29955,
29889,
612,
29979,
9628,
338,
6969,
491,
278,
838,
29920,
27400,
29915,
29879,
8314,
360,
882,
423,
10550,
25940,
3527,
29892,
278,
612,
352,
29887,
309,
1646,
838,
29920,
27400,
29915,
29879,
10550,
7835,
29892,
322,
278,
405,
29950,
29924,
10363,
29899,
1718,
29907,
360,
882,
423,
10550,
14650,
25940,
3527,
29889,
12904,
261,
14187,
1266,
29901,
2802,
726,
8552,
1266,
29913,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
450,
13361,
313,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
467,
8042,
3726,
491,
11045,
3014,
5254,
373,
2306,
3131,
310,
278,
2088,
279,
424,
943,
310,
5032,
262,
29889,
2178,
10462,
21676,
19602,
13,
1867,
29875,
353,
376,
29896,
29900,
29889,
29896,
29900,
29929,
29941,
29914,
2634,
262,
29914,
1450,
29893,
29906,
29900,
29900,
613,
13,
29911,
29896,
448,
350,
29928,
22498,
2630,
29953,
29953,
10095
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| -0.240725 | 1.26209 | 0.890229 | 0.585385 |
moderates memory impairment, hippocampal function and tau in preclinical autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease
AU - Lim, Yen Ying
AU - Hassenstab, Jason
AU - Cruchaga, Carlos
AU - Goate, Alison
AU - Fagan, Anne M.
AU - Benzinger, Tammie L.S.
AU - Maruff, Paul
AU - Snyder, Peter J.
AU - Masters, Colin L.
AU - Allegri, Ricardo
AU - Chhatwal, Jasmeer
AU - Farlow, Martin R.
AU - Graff-Radford, Neill R.
AU - Laske, Christoph
AU - Levin, Johannes
AU - McDade, Eric
AU - Ringman, John M.
AU - Rossor, Martin
AU - Salloway, Stephen
AU - Schofield, Peter R.
AU - Holtzman, David M.
AU - Morris, John C.
AU - Bateman, Randall J.
N1 - Funding Information: Data collection and sharing for this project was supported by The Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer's Network (DIAN, U19AG032438) funded by the National Institute on Aging (NIA) and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE). This work was also supported by the NIHR Queen Square Dementia Biomedical Research Unit and the MRC Dementias Platform UK (MR/L023784/1 and MR/009076/1). We thank the Genome Technology Access Center in the Department of Genetics at Washington University School of Medicine for help with genomic analysis. The Center is partially supported by NCI Cancer Center Support Grant #P30 CA91842 to the Siteman Cancer Center and by ICTS/CTSA Grant# UL1TR000448 from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. Data and/or tissue generated from DIAN fibroblasts (or IPSCs) and/or exome chip sequencing was supported by the DIAN-TU Pharma Consortium, (the DIAN-TU Pharma Consortium, http://dian-tu.wustl. edu/en/pharma-consortium-members/). This publication is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official view of NCRR or NIH. JP Chhatwal is supported by K23-AG049087. YY Lim is supported by the Alzheimer's Australia Dementia Research Fellowship, the Yulgilbar Alzheimer's Research Program, and the NHMRC-ARC Dementia Research Development Fellowship. Publisher Copyright: © 2016 The Author (2016). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain. All rights reserved.
N2 - See Rogaeva and Schmitt-Ulms (doi:10.1093/aww201) for a scientific commentary on this article. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism is implicated in synaptic excitation and neuronal integrity, and has previously been shown to moderate amyloid-β-related memory decline and hippocampal atrophy in preclinical sporadic Alzheimer's disease. However, the effect of BDNF in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease is unknown. We aimed to determine the effect of BDNF Val66Met on cognitive function, hippocampal function, tau and amyloid-β in preclinical autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease. We explored effects of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ϵ4 on these relationships. The Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network conducted clinical, neuropsychological, genetic, biomarker and neuroimaging measures at baseline in 131 mutation non-carriers and 143 preclinical autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease mutation carriers on average 12 years before clinical symptom onset. BDNF genotype data were obtained for mutation carriers (
|
[
17768,
1078,
3370,
2411,
1466,
358,
29892,
7251,
407,
542,
1160,
284,
740,
322,
260,
585,
297,
758,
695,
262,
936,
1120,
359,
290,
284,
28526,
838,
29920,
27400,
29915,
29879,
17135,
13,
25951,
448,
9628,
29892,
612,
264,
612,
292,
13,
25951,
448,
379,
11257,
29256,
29892,
21776,
13,
25951,
448,
11263,
305,
7781,
29892,
10815,
13,
25951,
448,
2921,
403,
29892,
838,
2285,
13,
25951,
448,
383,
18939,
29892,
10558,
341,
29889,
13,
25951,
448,
4111,
29920,
5621,
29892,
323,
4850,
347,
365,
29889,
29903,
29889,
13,
25951,
448,
1085,
3096,
29892,
3739,
13,
25951,
448,
317,
1460,
672,
29892,
5310,
435,
29889,
13,
25951,
448,
27863,
29892,
1530,
262,
365,
29889,
13,
25951,
448,
838,
1397,
374,
29892,
13675,
6491,
13,
25951,
448,
678,
2455,
14625,
29892,
28725,
1004,
261,
13,
25951,
448,
8413,
677,
29892,
6502,
390,
29889,
13,
25951,
448,
4989,
600,
29899,
9908,
4006,
29892,
2448,
453,
390,
29889,
13,
25951,
448,
7413,
446,
29892,
28840,
13,
25951,
448,
951,
3845,
29892,
15265,
13,
25951,
448,
4052,
29928,
1943,
29892,
14713,
13,
25951,
448,
17716,
1171,
29892,
2259,
341,
29889,
13,
25951,
448,
13693,
272,
29892,
6502,
13,
25951,
448,
317,
9536,
388,
29892,
14317,
13,
25951,
448,
1102,
974,
969,
29892,
5310,
390,
29889,
13,
25951,
448,
4168,
17559,
1171,
29892,
4699,
341,
29889,
13,
25951,
448,
23112,
29892,
2259,
315,
29889,
13,
25951,
448,
12579,
11422,
29892,
17468,
497,
435,
29889,
13,
29940,
29896,
448,
13249,
292,
10343,
29901,
3630,
4333,
322,
19383,
363,
445,
2060,
471,
6969,
491,
450,
13298,
10835,
512,
2276,
1573,
838,
29920,
27400,
29915,
29879,
8527,
313,
4571,
2190,
29892,
501,
29896,
29929,
10051,
29900,
29941,
29906,
29946,
29941,
29947,
29897,
5220,
287,
491,
278,
3086,
8907,
373,
319,
3460,
313,
29940,
10764,
29897,
322,
278,
5332,
7817,
363,
2448,
2192,
311,
4738,
1230,
360,
895,
2129,
313,
29928,
29999,
8186,
467,
910,
664,
471,
884,
6969,
491,
278,
405,
29902,
20938,
10470,
19256,
360,
882,
423,
3457,
27067,
936,
10550,
13223,
322,
278,
341,
10363,
360,
882,
3173,
28096,
10261,
313,
21055,
29914,
29931,
29900,
29906,
29941,
29955,
29947,
29946,
29914,
29896,
322,
29751,
29914,
29900,
29900,
29929,
29900,
29955,
29953,
29914,
29896,
467,
1334,
6452,
278,
5739,
608,
17968,
11028,
7817,
297,
278,
10317,
310,
5739,
300,
1199,
472,
7660,
3014,
4523,
310,
27529,
363,
1371,
411,
20853,
293,
7418,
29889,
450,
7817,
338,
22039,
6969,
491,
405,
8426,
1815,
2265,
7817,
18601,
18102,
396,
29925,
29941,
29900,
12766,
29929,
29896,
29947,
29946,
29906,
304,
278,
317,
667,
273,
1815,
2265,
7817,
322,
491,
306,
1783,
29903,
29914,
1783,
8132,
18102,
29937,
501,
29931,
29896,
5659,
29900,
29900,
29900,
29946,
29946,
29947,
515,
278,
3086,
7817,
363,
10550,
27562,
313,
29940,
11341,
29934,
511,
263,
4163,
310,
278,
3086,
5827,
2667,
310,
15202,
313,
12916,
29950,
511,
322,
405,
29902,
29950,
9321,
1958,
363,
20795,
10550,
29889,
3630,
322,
29914,
272,
260,
15118,
5759,
515,
22471,
2190,
18755,
307,
2204,
19416,
313,
272,
5641,
7187,
29879,
29897,
322,
29914,
272,
429,
608,
29830,
8617,
16750,
471,
6969,
491,
278,
22471,
2190,
29899,
29911,
29965,
1963,
22824,
2138,
441,
1974,
29892,
313,
1552,
22471,
2190,
29899,
29911,
29965,
1963,
22824,
2138,
441,
1974,
29892,
1732,
597,
29881,
713,
29899,
9161,
29889,
29893,
504,
29880,
29889,
1226,
29884,
29914,
264,
29914,
561,
22824,
29899,
3200,
441,
1974,
29899,
28109,
12495,
910,
17745,
338,
14419,
368,
278,
23134,
310,
278,
15717,
322,
947,
451,
12695,
2755,
278,
6221,
1776,
310,
405,
11341,
29934,
470,
405,
29902,
29950,
29889,
435,
29925,
678,
2455,
14625,
338,
6969,
491,
476,
29906,
29941,
29899,
10051,
29900,
29946,
29929,
29900,
29947,
29955,
29889,
612,
29979,
9628,
338,
6969,
491,
278,
838,
29920,
27400,
29915,
29879,
8314,
360,
882,
423,
10550,
25940,
3527,
29892,
278,
612,
352,
29887,
309,
1646,
838,
29920,
27400,
29915,
29879,
10550,
7835,
29892,
322,
278,
405,
29950,
29924,
10363,
29899,
1718,
29907,
360,
882,
423,
10550,
14650,
25940,
3527,
29889,
12904,
261,
14187,
1266,
29901,
29871,
30211,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
450,
13361,
313,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
467,
8042,
3726,
491,
11045,
3014,
5254,
373,
2306,
3131,
310,
278,
2088,
279,
424,
943,
310,
5032,
262,
29889,
2178,
10462,
21676,
29889,
13,
29940,
29906,
448,
2823,
9272,
3660,
1564,
322,
1102,
18344,
29899,
29965,
29880,
1516,
313,
1867,
29875,
29901,
29896,
29900,
29889,
29896,
29900,
29929,
29941,
29914,
1450,
29893,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29897,
363,
263,
16021,
3440,
653,
373,
445,
4274,
29889,
450,
17294,
29899,
672,
2347,
452,
2192,
29873,
19783,
293,
7329,
313,
29121,
22498,
29897,
2630,
29953,
29953,
10095,
24324,
28611,
338,
2411,
9169,
297,
5222,
2156,
293,
5566,
7018,
322,
26808,
7177,
28410,
29892,
322,
756,
9251,
1063,
4318,
304,
17768,
403,
626,
29891,
417,
333,
29899,
30187,
29899,
12817,
3370,
4845,
457,
322,
7251,
407,
542,
1160,
284,
472,
307,
11461,
297,
758,
695,
262,
936,
805,
272,
26538,
838,
29920,
27400,
29915,
29879,
17135,
29889,
2398,
29892,
278,
2779,
310,
350,
29928,
22498,
297,
1120,
359,
290,
284,
28526,
838,
29920,
27400,
29915,
29879,
17135,
338,
9815,
29889,
1334,
12242,
287,
304,
8161,
278,
2779,
310,
350,
29928,
22498,
2630,
29953,
29953,
10095,
373,
25323,
3321,
740,
29892,
7251,
407,
542,
1160,
284,
740,
29892,
260,
585,
322,
626,
29891,
417,
333,
29899,
30187,
297,
758,
695,
262,
936,
1120,
359,
290,
284,
28526,
838,
29920,
27400,
29915,
29879,
17135,
29889,
1334,
3902,
4395,
9545,
310,
3095,
324,
666,
459,
4859,
262,
382,
313,
3301,
29949,
29923,
29897,
29871,
31309,
29946,
373,
1438,
21702,
29889,
450,
13298,
10835,
512,
2276,
1573,
838,
29920,
27400,
8527,
18043,
24899,
936,
29892,
452,
2192,
567,
3376,
5996,
29892,
2531,
7492,
29892,
4768,
290,
935,
261,
322,
452,
2192,
326,
6751,
15366,
472,
2362,
5570,
297,
29871,
29896,
29941,
29896,
5478,
362,
1661,
29899,
4287,
26536,
322,
29871,
29896,
29946,
29941,
758,
695,
262,
936,
1120,
359,
290,
284,
28526,
838,
29920,
27400,
29915,
29879,
17135,
5478,
362,
19638,
414,
373,
6588,
29871,
29896,
29906,
2440,
1434,
24899,
936,
25828,
290,
373,
842,
29889,
350,
29928,
22498,
2531,
327,
668,
848,
892,
7625,
363,
5478,
362,
19638,
414,
313
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| -0.674436 | 0.950622 | 0.042258 | 0.33494 |
What do the first steps towards being a climate neutral enterprise look like – and what consequences can they have?
OMIRA had its CO2 emissions calculated by zukunftswerk eG, a co-operative for advisory consulting on issues pertaining to sustainable corporate development. On the basis of data from 2014, our company's footprint amounts to 59,746 tonnes of CO2. During previous years we had already undertaken a large number of steps – particularly in the area of energy consumption – to reduce burdens on the climate. However, now that our carbon footprint has been determined we have a much better knowledge about where we have to start towards reducing our impacts on the climate even further. Due to activities already initiated and the conversion to green electricity we were able to quite rapidly diminish our footprint by more than 20 %.
In addition, we have compensated for our CO2 emissions with the help of UN climate certificates. As a result we shall be a climate neutral enterprise for the next few years.
What is a carbon footprint and how is it determined?
The carbon footprint is a measure of the quantity of greenhouse gases (measured in CO2 equivalents) which originate directly and indirectly due to an activity on the part of an individual, an enterprise, an organisation or a product. It incorporates emissions arising from raw materials, production, transport, trade & commerce, utilisation, recycling and disposal. Accordingly, the fundamental concept behind the term carbon footprint is to create a basis on which influences on the climate can be measured, given a value and compared. This, in turn, enables necessary reduction potentials to be identified, the drawing up of appropriate measures and an evaluation of their effectiveness. The goal is always to stop climate change due to greenhouse gases.
The corporate carbon footprint is carried out in compliance with the internationally recognised Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Protocol Corporate Standard.
Which greenhouse gases are included in the calculation and what are CO2 equivalents?
The six main greenhouse gases as established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the Kyoto Protocol, namely carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SH6), are included in the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions.
These six main greenhouse gases do not all have an identical impact. For example, methane is 23 times as harmful to the climate as CO2, nitrous oxide 310 times as harmful, and sulphur hexafluoride even 14,000 times as harmful. That's why all greenhouse gases are converted to CO2 in order to compare the emissions with each other. These are then referred to as CO2 equivalents. The conversion of collected consumption data (for instance electricity or fuel consumption) occurs by means of emission factors which indicate the emissions per unit (e.g. per kilowatt-hour or litre of petrol).
Solutions to the problem of climate change are being demanded by citizens, companies, regions and cities, and they are being increasingly enacted. A binding agreement under international law, the Kyoto Protocol, was created for this purpose as far back as 1997. It regulates the greenhouse gas emissions from a number of emission-intensive industries in industrialised countries.
Reduction of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere via so-called carbon sinks. In this case CO2 from the air is captured and stored, for instance in the form of biomass or in soils.
Why do emissions certificates make sense?
The greenhouse effect is a global phenomenon because greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are distributed to a roughly identical degree. In terms of the whole world, that's why it it is of no importance where in the world greenhouse gases are being saved or where they are being stored. And that's why it was established in the Kyoto Protocol, a binding agreement under international law, that so-called climate protection projects which prevent or store greenhouse gas emissions can be undertaken where they are economically most efficient. Which is the reason why many projects take place in newly industrialising or developing countries: the potential for savings via new technologies is still quite large there. The initiators of the climate protection projects – which are predominantly renewable
|
[
1724,
437,
278,
937,
6576,
7113,
1641,
263,
23622,
21104,
3896,
7734,
1106,
763,
785,
322,
825,
27721,
508,
896,
505,
29973,
13,
6488,
29902,
4717,
750,
967,
4810,
29906,
953,
6847,
12833,
491,
1729,
27488,
581,
29895,
321,
29954,
29892,
263,
1302,
29899,
3372,
1230,
363,
25228,
706,
8799,
292,
373,
5626,
639,
2408,
292,
304,
15075,
475,
519,
17266,
403,
5849,
29889,
1551,
278,
8405,
310,
848,
515,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29946,
29892,
1749,
5001,
29915,
29879,
3661,
2158,
26999,
304,
29871,
29945,
29929,
29892,
29955,
29946,
29953,
260,
24729,
310,
4810,
29906,
29889,
7133,
3517,
2440,
591,
750,
2307,
22332,
9424,
263,
2919,
1353,
310,
6576,
785,
10734,
297,
278,
4038,
310,
5864,
27430,
785,
304,
10032,
6866,
21518,
373,
278,
23622,
29889,
2398,
29892,
1286,
393,
1749,
22004,
3661,
2158,
756,
1063,
10087,
591,
505,
263,
1568,
2253,
7134,
1048,
988,
591,
505,
304,
1369,
7113,
27668,
1749,
10879,
29879,
373,
278,
23622,
1584,
4340,
29889,
16809,
304,
14188,
2307,
14511,
630,
322,
278,
11301,
304,
7933,
12646,
537,
591,
892,
2221,
304,
3755,
19328,
22964,
728,
1749,
3661,
2158,
491,
901,
1135,
29871,
29906,
29900,
18695,
13,
797,
6124,
29892,
591,
505,
22874,
630,
363,
1749,
4810,
29906,
953,
6847,
411,
278,
1371,
310,
8291,
23622,
23199,
1078,
29889,
1094,
263,
1121,
591,
4091,
367,
263,
23622,
21104,
3896,
7734,
363,
278,
2446,
2846,
2440,
29889,
13,
5618,
338,
263,
22004,
3661,
2158,
322,
920,
338,
372,
10087,
29973,
13,
1576,
22004,
3661,
2158,
338,
263,
5645,
310,
278,
14728,
310,
7933,
8697,
330,
2129,
313,
1004,
294,
2955,
297,
4810,
29906,
5737,
1237,
29897,
607,
3978,
403,
4153,
322,
26377,
368,
2861,
304,
385,
6354,
373,
278,
760,
310,
385,
5375,
29892,
385,
3896,
7734,
29892,
385,
24788,
470,
263,
3234,
29889,
739,
11039,
1078,
953,
6847,
564,
5921,
515,
10650,
17279,
29892,
5802,
29892,
8608,
29892,
11302,
669,
24346,
29892,
3667,
4371,
29892,
1162,
29891,
19914,
322,
11549,
284,
29889,
7579,
368,
29892,
278,
15281,
6964,
5742,
278,
1840,
22004,
3661,
2158,
338,
304,
1653,
263,
8405,
373,
607,
7112,
2063,
373,
278,
23622,
508,
367,
17005,
29892,
2183,
263,
995,
322,
9401,
29889,
910,
29892,
297,
2507,
29892,
28936,
5181,
20376,
7037,
29879,
304,
367,
15659,
29892,
278,
11580,
701,
310,
8210,
15366,
322,
385,
17983,
310,
1009,
2779,
20193,
29889,
450,
7306,
338,
2337,
304,
5040,
23622,
1735,
2861,
304,
7933,
8697,
330,
2129,
29889,
13,
1576,
17266,
403,
22004,
3661,
2158,
338,
8988,
714,
297,
752,
13036,
411,
278,
2836,
362,
635,
5936,
3368,
7646,
8697,
19141,
313,
29954,
29950,
29954,
29897,
1019,
5770,
12767,
403,
10117,
29889,
13,
8809,
436,
7933,
8697,
330,
2129,
526,
5134,
297,
278,
13944,
322,
825,
526,
4810,
29906,
5737,
1237,
29973,
13,
1576,
4832,
1667,
7933,
8697,
330,
2129,
408,
7841,
491,
278,
4124,
29887,
6170,
358,
284,
349,
3870,
373,
2233,
6490,
10726,
313,
5690,
4174,
29897,
322,
278,
16931,
3747,
1019,
5770,
29892,
18451,
22004,
20562,
29916,
680,
313,
3217,
29906,
511,
286,
621,
1662,
313,
3210,
29946,
511,
21767,
29878,
681,
19100,
680,
313,
29940,
29906,
29949,
511,
17546,
25044,
272,
542,
279,
29890,
787,
313,
29950,
8610,
29879,
511,
639,
25044,
272,
542,
279,
29890,
787,
313,
29925,
8610,
29879,
29897,
322,
5394,
561,
332,
15090,
29874,
25044,
272,
680,
313,
7068,
29953,
511,
526,
5134,
297,
278,
13944,
310,
7933,
8697,
10489,
953,
6847,
29889,
13,
1349,
968,
4832,
1667,
7933,
8697,
330,
2129,
437,
451,
599,
505,
385,
13557,
10879,
29889,
1152,
1342,
29892,
286,
621,
1662,
338,
29871,
29906,
29941,
3064,
408,
10311,
1319,
304,
278,
23622,
408,
4810,
29906,
29892,
21767,
29878,
681,
19100,
680,
29871,
29941,
29896,
29900,
3064,
408,
10311,
1319,
29892,
322,
5394,
561,
332,
15090,
29874,
25044,
272,
680,
1584,
29871,
29896,
29946,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
3064,
408,
10311,
1319,
29889,
2193,
29915,
29879,
2020,
599,
7933,
8697,
330,
2129,
526,
11543,
304,
4810,
29906,
297,
1797,
304,
7252,
278,
953,
6847,
411,
1269,
916,
29889,
4525,
526,
769,
12992,
304,
408,
4810,
29906,
5737,
1237,
29889,
450,
11301,
310,
16531,
27430,
848,
313,
1454,
2777,
12646,
537,
470,
26413,
27430,
29897,
10008,
491,
2794,
310,
25477,
13879,
607,
12266,
278,
953,
6847,
639,
5190,
313,
29872,
29889,
29887,
29889,
639,
4679,
340,
1131,
29899,
18721,
470,
11872,
276,
310,
5697,
1467,
467,
13,
13296,
17925,
304,
278,
1108,
310,
23622,
1735,
526,
1641,
24432,
491,
18363,
29892,
14582,
29892,
12786,
322,
14368,
29892,
322,
896,
526,
1641,
10231,
368,
427,
627,
287,
29889,
319,
9956,
17327,
1090,
6121,
4307,
29892,
278,
16931,
3747,
1019,
5770,
29892,
471,
2825,
363,
445,
6437,
408,
2215,
1250,
408,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29955,
29889,
739,
24378,
1078,
278,
7933,
8697,
10489,
953,
6847,
515,
263,
1353,
310,
25477,
29899,
524,
6270,
6397,
2722,
297,
18408,
3368,
10916,
29889,
13,
29934,
6085,
428,
310,
7933,
8697,
330,
2129,
297,
278,
25005,
3025,
577,
29899,
13998,
22004,
269,
19363,
29889,
512,
445,
1206,
4810,
29906,
515,
278,
4799,
338,
15468,
322,
6087,
29892,
363,
2777,
297,
278,
883,
310,
4768,
290,
465,
470,
297,
577,
2719,
29889,
13,
11008,
437,
953,
6847,
23199,
1078,
1207,
4060,
29973,
13,
1576,
7933,
8697,
2779,
338,
263,
5534,
27791,
265,
1363,
7933,
8697,
330,
2129,
297,
278,
25005,
526,
13235,
304,
263,
20928,
13557,
7426,
29889,
512,
4958,
310,
278,
3353,
3186,
29892,
393,
29915,
29879,
2020,
372,
372,
338,
310,
694,
13500,
988,
297,
278,
3186,
7933,
8697,
330,
2129,
526,
1641,
7160,
470,
988,
896,
526,
1641,
6087,
29889,
1126,
393,
29915,
29879,
2020,
372,
471,
7841,
297,
278,
16931,
3747,
1019,
5770,
29892,
263,
9956,
17327,
1090,
6121,
4307,
29892,
393,
577,
29899,
13998,
23622,
13047,
9279,
607,
5557,
470,
3787,
7933,
8697,
10489,
953,
6847,
508,
367,
22332,
9424,
988,
896,
526,
7766,
1711,
1556,
8543,
29889,
8449,
338,
278,
2769,
2020,
1784,
9279,
2125,
2058,
297,
15141,
21136,
5711,
292,
470,
14338,
10916,
29901,
278,
7037,
363,
4048,
886,
3025,
716,
5722,
11763,
338,
1603,
3755,
2919,
727,
29889,
450,
14511,
4097,
310,
278,
23622,
13047,
9279,
785,
607,
526,
758,
24130,
10835,
23011,
519
] | 1,024 |
C4
| 1.0115 | 1.142694 | 1.47863 | 2.019756 |
A home business can be a very useful option. But it can also be a very time-consuming way of life. This article can help you make important decisions in your home business and be aware of the pitfalls. It should work for you as much as you work for it.
Ask other members of your household to refrain from interrupting or compromising your work. Keep regular hours so they know what to expect. If you have children, schedule working hours when they are busy at school or extracurricular activities. Do not leave work materials in public areas where they may be moved or damaged.
Since your home is also your workplace, make it a point to get out of the house regularly. Do not isolate yourself for convenience. Go to lunch in the park, grab your coffee at the bookstore, etc. Make sure you breathe fresh air at least once a day.
Open a new business checking account for your home business venture. Make sure that every dollar of business income and expense goes through this account. Apply for a credit card that you will use only for business purposes, such as inventory and shipping. Keep detailed records of any major expenses and any costs to be paid with personal funds.
Keep mileage records for driving your business. With a home-based business, you may find yourself driving to meet clients or suppliers, sending orders or traveling to boutiques and trade shows. The IRS allows the elimination of fees for business mileage, about 34 cents per mile. That increases! Check IRS.gov for mileage allowance this year.
Always send a response to the customer immediately. This will show that you have good customer service, and they will be more likely to buy your product again. Keep a good record of this exchange by submitting your communications by date if you need to see them later.
When you decide what kind of home business to start, think of an interesting and descriptive name for your business. Your business name must be something that will attract the attention of potential customers looking for certain types of goods or services. For example, "Betty's Distinctive Chocolates" will attract the attention of those who love chocolate.
Create a realistic business plan for your home business to keep you on track and focused. Even if you have big plans for the long term, be aware that building a business takes time. Make sure your business plan recognizes this and lets you build your business gradually. Planning a future is very important, but a realistic goal is more likely to motivate you.
So you have difficulty in meeting the needs and you need to find a way to fill that gap. You've come to the right place because the following article will help you find ways to make money online. So take some time to read it and get the info you need.
Be wary of scams that might target you. While there are many online opportunities, there are some sites that are dishonest as well. Before walking down a road that is not comfortable for you, be sure to do some research.
One of the best ways to make money online is to use sites like Etsy or eBay to sell things you make yourself. If you have any talent, from sewing to knitting to making carpentry, you can commit murder through the online marketplace. People want handmade stuff, so join it!
While you may be able to make money online, keeping a record of your work and income remains important. Print data from a well-preserved spreadsheet or save a notebook by your computer. Keep accurate and up-to-date information that you will later need for tax purposes, to verify your earnings or just for your own purposes. Data can be lost easily on the internet.
Try writing freelance as an online income form. There are many websites out there that open the door to write freelancers, such as oDesk and eLance. With both, you can apply and bid online jobs of all types. Many of those who write are focused. If you are a fast-paced writer who makes quality work, you can do very well!
Are you a grammarian? Do you understand the nuances of English? Consider working as a copy editor. You can get paid to view articles written by others, look for errors in the work and then correct them. The best part is you can do everything from the comfort of your own home.
If you have knowledge of a particular subject, put your knowledge to work for you. There are many companies, such as about.com, that will pay you for your knowledge. Most of these sites do require you to write certain articles every month; However, this is a fantastic way to increase your earnings.
Find out how much you want to
|
[
319,
3271,
5381,
508,
367,
263,
1407,
5407,
2984,
29889,
1205,
372,
508,
884,
367,
263,
1407,
931,
29899,
25978,
292,
982,
310,
2834,
29889,
910,
4274,
508,
1371,
366,
1207,
4100,
1602,
12112,
297,
596,
3271,
5381,
322,
367,
9543,
310,
278,
22754,
12559,
29889,
739,
881,
664,
363,
366,
408,
1568,
408,
366,
664,
363,
372,
29889,
13,
29909,
808,
916,
5144,
310,
596,
22329,
304,
2143,
6038,
515,
23754,
292,
470,
19632,
5921,
596,
664,
29889,
19152,
4943,
6199,
577,
896,
1073,
825,
304,
2149,
29889,
960,
366,
505,
4344,
29892,
20410,
1985,
6199,
746,
896,
526,
19587,
472,
3762,
470,
1294,
945,
1038,
16311,
14188,
29889,
1938,
451,
5967,
664,
17279,
297,
970,
10161,
988,
896,
1122,
367,
6153,
470,
5625,
4063,
29889,
13,
23036,
596,
3271,
338,
884,
596,
664,
6689,
29892,
1207,
372,
263,
1298,
304,
679,
714,
310,
278,
3699,
25704,
29889,
1938,
451,
11695,
403,
7535,
363,
29703,
29889,
2921,
304,
301,
3322,
297,
278,
14089,
29892,
17229,
596,
26935,
472,
278,
3143,
8899,
29892,
2992,
29889,
8561,
1854,
366,
2078,
271,
354,
10849,
4799,
472,
3203,
2748,
263,
2462,
29889,
13,
6585,
263,
716,
5381,
8454,
3633,
363,
596,
3271,
5381,
9712,
545,
29889,
8561,
1854,
393,
1432,
11232,
279,
310,
5381,
17869,
322,
1518,
1947,
5771,
1549,
445,
3633,
29889,
2401,
368,
363,
263,
16200,
5881,
393,
366,
674,
671,
871,
363,
5381,
11976,
29892,
1316,
408,
11817,
706,
322,
528,
17347,
29889,
19152,
13173,
6475,
310,
738,
4655,
1518,
11259,
322,
738,
21544,
304,
367,
12530,
411,
7333,
29199,
29889,
13,
9598,
1022,
17967,
482,
6475,
363,
19500,
596,
5381,
29889,
2973,
263,
3271,
29899,
6707,
5381,
29892,
366,
1122,
1284,
7535,
19500,
304,
5870,
13154,
470,
1462,
27801,
29892,
9348,
11299,
470,
9850,
292,
304,
25927,
3783,
322,
11302,
3697,
29889,
450,
306,
12445,
6511,
278,
29007,
3381,
310,
1238,
267,
363,
5381,
17967,
482,
29892,
1048,
29871,
29941,
29946,
274,
1237,
639,
17967,
29889,
2193,
16415,
29991,
5399,
306,
12445,
29889,
13513,
363,
17967,
482,
2758,
749,
445,
1629,
29889,
13,
2499,
1994,
3638,
263,
2933,
304,
278,
11962,
7389,
29889,
910,
674,
1510,
393,
366,
505,
1781,
11962,
2669,
29892,
322,
896,
674,
367,
901,
5517,
304,
15649,
596,
3234,
1449,
29889,
19152,
263,
1781,
2407,
310,
445,
14523,
491,
11834,
5367,
596,
7212,
800,
491,
2635,
565,
366,
817,
304,
1074,
963,
2678,
29889,
13,
10401,
366,
11097,
825,
2924,
310,
3271,
5381,
304,
1369,
29892,
1348,
310,
385,
8031,
322,
29037,
573,
1024,
363,
596,
5381,
29889,
3575,
5381,
1024,
1818,
367,
1554,
393,
674,
13978,
278,
8570,
310,
7037,
20330,
3063,
363,
3058,
4072,
310,
22535,
470,
5786,
29889,
1152,
1342,
29892,
376,
29933,
300,
1017,
29915,
29879,
6652,
5562,
573,
678,
542,
324,
1078,
29908,
674,
13978,
278,
8570,
310,
1906,
1058,
5360,
521,
542,
23167,
29889,
13,
4391,
263,
1855,
4695,
5381,
3814,
363,
596,
3271,
5381,
304,
3013,
366,
373,
5702,
322,
21309,
29889,
7753,
565,
366,
505,
4802,
13900,
363,
278,
1472,
1840,
29892,
367,
9543,
393,
5214,
263,
5381,
4893,
931,
29889,
8561,
1854,
596,
5381,
3814,
5936,
7093,
445,
322,
16869,
366,
2048,
596,
5381,
22020,
29889,
1858,
9450,
263,
5434,
338,
1407,
4100,
29892,
541,
263,
1855,
4695,
7306,
338,
901,
5517,
304,
17385,
403,
366,
29889,
13,
6295,
366,
505,
14656,
297,
11781,
278,
4225,
322,
366,
817,
304,
1284,
263,
982,
304,
5445,
393,
17261,
29889,
887,
29915,
345,
2041,
304,
278,
1492,
2058,
1363,
278,
1494,
4274,
674,
1371,
366,
1284,
5837,
304,
1207,
6909,
7395,
29889,
1105,
2125,
777,
931,
304,
1303,
372,
322,
679,
278,
5235,
366,
817,
29889,
13,
3629,
281,
653,
310,
885,
2232,
393,
1795,
3646,
366,
29889,
5806,
727,
526,
1784,
7395,
28602,
1907,
29892,
727,
526,
777,
11840,
393,
526,
270,
728,
265,
342,
408,
1532,
29889,
10949,
22049,
1623,
263,
6520,
393,
338,
451,
25561,
363,
366,
29892,
367,
1854,
304,
437,
777,
5925,
29889,
13,
6716,
310,
278,
1900,
5837,
304,
1207,
6909,
7395,
338,
304,
671,
11840,
763,
382,
1372,
29891,
470,
321,
29933,
388,
304,
19417,
2712,
366,
1207,
7535,
29889,
960,
366,
505,
738,
24242,
29892,
515,
409,
16958,
304,
889,
5367,
304,
3907,
1559,
29886,
8269,
29892,
366,
508,
9063,
13406,
1549,
278,
7395,
9999,
6689,
29889,
11647,
864,
1361,
26350,
6433,
29892,
577,
5988,
372,
29991,
13,
8809,
488,
366,
1122,
367,
2221,
304,
1207,
6909,
7395,
29892,
12515,
263,
2407,
310,
596,
664,
322,
17869,
9242,
4100,
29889,
13905,
848,
515,
263,
1532,
29899,
4569,
9841,
9677,
9855,
470,
4078,
263,
451,
19273,
491,
596,
6601,
29889,
19152,
16232,
322,
701,
29899,
517,
29899,
1256,
2472,
393,
366,
674,
2678,
817,
363,
8818,
11976,
29892,
304,
11539,
596,
2326,
11753,
470,
925,
363,
596,
1914,
11976,
29889,
3630,
508,
367,
5714,
5948,
373,
278,
8986,
29889,
13,
15870,
5007,
3005,
295,
749,
408,
385,
7395,
17869,
883,
29889,
1670,
526,
1784,
28007,
714,
727,
393,
1722,
278,
3050,
304,
2436,
3005,
295,
4564,
414,
29892,
1316,
408,
288,
4002,
29895,
322,
321,
29931,
749,
29889,
2973,
1716,
29892,
366,
508,
3394,
322,
21000,
7395,
17643,
310,
599,
4072,
29889,
9267,
310,
1906,
1058,
2436,
526,
21309,
29889,
960,
366,
526,
263,
5172,
29899,
29886,
562,
287,
9227,
1058,
3732,
11029,
664,
29892,
366,
508,
437,
1407,
1532,
29991,
13,
17506,
366,
263,
25437,
713,
29973,
1938,
366,
2274,
278,
4948,
2925,
310,
4223,
29973,
10056,
1985,
408,
263,
3509,
6920,
29889,
887,
508,
679,
12530,
304,
1776,
7456,
3971,
491,
4045,
29892,
1106,
363,
4436,
297,
278,
664,
322,
769,
1959,
963,
29889,
450,
1900,
760,
338,
366,
508,
437,
4129,
515,
278,
13016,
310,
596,
1914,
3271,
29889,
13,
3644,
366,
505,
7134,
310,
263,
3153,
4967,
29892,
1925,
596,
7134,
304,
664,
363,
366,
29889,
1670,
526,
1784,
14582,
29892,
1316,
408,
1048,
29889,
510,
29892,
393,
674,
5146,
366,
363,
596,
7134,
29889,
7849,
310,
1438,
11840,
437,
1996,
366,
304,
2436,
3058,
7456,
1432,
4098,
29936,
2398,
29892,
445,
338,
263,
13568,
6288,
982,
304,
7910,
596,
2326,
11753,
29889,
13,
12542,
714,
920,
1568,
366,
864,
304
] | 1,024 |
C4
| 0.174391 | -0.919486 | -0.570127 | 1.25577 |
make before starting. For example, I do not want to work for less than $ 15 per hour, otherwise spending time with my family or completing tasks will be more beneficial to me. How much is it worth? Once you have determined it, stick to your weapon!
Home business can be a very useful option. But it can also be a very time-consuming way of life. This article can help you make important decisions in your home business and be aware of the pitfalls. It should work for you as much as you work for it.
When you begin your Forex trading experience, it is important to choose and account type that fits your trading goals and needs. Choosing the right account can be confusing, but a good rule to go by is that a lower leverage is good. Standard accounts are usually good to start off on if you are new to trading.
Avoid anything reminiscent of gambling. Gambling belongs in casinos, not in trading. Just like with overdoing it with gambling, you can lose everything with trading too by being careless and seeing it as a game. In a game, someone has to win and someone has to lose, don't be the loser because real money is at stake. Plan your strategies seriously to avoid losing a bundle.
Stop loss markers lack visibility in the market and are not the cause of currency fluctuations. However, this is absolutely false, and it is risky to trade without placing a stop loss order.
In forex, investors will notice that uptrend market and downtrend market patterns are present at all times. The important thing to note here is that one will always be dominant. Understanding which market is dominant will allow you to avoid risk and maximize on your gains by opting to trade with the trend.
Check with a tax professional to find out which tax deductions you are allowed to take for your home business and make sure to take them. There are substantial savings to be had with claiming as many deductions as you can on your taxes.
Do not forget about taxes! When you are running a home business, it is easy to put aside the thought of paying the government. However, you not only have to pay federal and state taxes, but you also must pay something called a self-employment tax. It may be best to obtain the help of an accountant to get you started.
If you do not live alone you need to make it clear to housemates and/or family that you have to work at a designated time and you are not to be disturbed. Let them know that this will decrease your profits and that you will set aside time for them at another opportune time.
When running a home business, it's a good idea to have a peer group for support. You can start your own alliance or find one that exists locally. The people don't have to be in an identical industry, but they should have the same motivation and drive that you do.
Upon starting your home business, send out a mass email to friends and family members, letting them know about your business. You can sweeten the advertisement with a discount for them, especially for helping out so early on in your business. It builds confidence and exposure while increasing networking potential.
Do anything you can to build exposure. One unconventional way of sticking your foot in the door is to barter your products to other businesses. It exposes your products to others, while exposing you to the ways others do business as well. You can always learn from other people, so keep your mind open!
Digital marketing is streaming your favorite song directly to your cellular device. It is not only for the big businesses or big brands, but It is also essential for all types of small companies.
During its core, it is a series of trial and error tasks. It offers you plenty of options to make a big impact for your brand even on a small budget. The term digital marketing is now the major word in the current world.
When you've established that the agency works with your brand and has the track record and client satisfaction you're searching for, you're on your way to building one of the main relationships your company can have.
For starters, you have to be in a position to recognize the marketing agencies that could offer tangible results from the people who can deliver only bluff. It should be able to use various internet marketing platforms depending on the business trends and the technology.
As you might believe you have discovered an agency that will do the job for your company requirements, there might be red flags that you'll have trouble farther down the road. A digital marketing agency has variety of services
|
[
1207,
1434,
6257,
29889,
1152,
1342,
29892,
306,
437,
451,
864,
304,
664,
363,
3109,
1135,
395,
29871,
29896,
29945,
639,
7234,
29892,
6467,
805,
2548,
931,
411,
590,
3942,
470,
1614,
1259,
9595,
674,
367,
901,
7795,
5611,
304,
592,
29889,
1128,
1568,
338,
372,
7088,
29973,
9038,
366,
505,
10087,
372,
29892,
12070,
304,
596,
28639,
29991,
13,
11184,
5381,
508,
367,
263,
1407,
5407,
2984,
29889,
1205,
372,
508,
884,
367,
263,
1407,
931,
29899,
25978,
292,
982,
310,
2834,
29889,
910,
4274,
508,
1371,
366,
1207,
4100,
1602,
12112,
297,
596,
3271,
5381,
322,
367,
9543,
310,
278,
22754,
12559,
29889,
739,
881,
664,
363,
366,
408,
1568,
408,
366,
664,
363,
372,
29889,
13,
10401,
366,
3380,
596,
28297,
29916,
3534,
292,
7271,
29892,
372,
338,
4100,
304,
6755,
322,
3633,
1134,
393,
23994,
596,
3534,
292,
14433,
322,
4225,
29889,
14542,
14556,
278,
1492,
3633,
508,
367,
16051,
29892,
541,
263,
1781,
5751,
304,
748,
491,
338,
393,
263,
5224,
454,
19698,
338,
1781,
29889,
10117,
15303,
526,
5491,
1781,
304,
1369,
1283,
373,
565,
366,
526,
716,
304,
3534,
292,
29889,
13,
29909,
5405,
3099,
1083,
262,
275,
1760,
310,
330,
1117,
1847,
29889,
402,
1117,
1847,
14393,
297,
3209,
8226,
29892,
451,
297,
3534,
292,
29889,
3387,
763,
411,
975,
1867,
292,
372,
411,
330,
1117,
1847,
29892,
366,
508,
14074,
4129,
411,
3534,
292,
2086,
491,
1641,
2562,
2222,
322,
8790,
372,
408,
263,
3748,
29889,
512,
263,
3748,
29892,
4856,
756,
304,
5401,
322,
4856,
756,
304,
14074,
29892,
1016,
29915,
29873,
367,
278,
1232,
261,
1363,
1855,
6909,
338,
472,
380,
1296,
29889,
8402,
596,
16650,
583,
25798,
304,
4772,
19035,
263,
11846,
29889,
13,
16329,
6410,
29320,
10225,
26401,
297,
278,
9999,
322,
526,
451,
278,
4556,
310,
27550,
1652,
5313,
29884,
800,
29889,
2398,
29892,
445,
338,
13312,
2089,
29892,
322,
372,
338,
5161,
3459,
304,
11302,
1728,
24421,
263,
5040,
6410,
1797,
29889,
13,
797,
363,
735,
29892,
13258,
943,
674,
8369,
393,
318,
7414,
355,
9999,
322,
1623,
509,
355,
9999,
15038,
526,
2198,
472,
599,
3064,
29889,
450,
4100,
2655,
304,
4443,
1244,
338,
393,
697,
674,
2337,
367,
28526,
29889,
7634,
11235,
607,
9999,
338,
28526,
674,
2758,
366,
304,
4772,
12045,
322,
5256,
675,
373,
596,
330,
2708,
491,
3523,
292,
304,
11302,
411,
278,
534,
355,
29889,
13,
5596,
411,
263,
8818,
10257,
304,
1284,
714,
607,
8818,
21049,
1953,
366,
526,
6068,
304,
2125,
363,
596,
3271,
5381,
322,
1207,
1854,
304,
2125,
963,
29889,
1670,
526,
23228,
4048,
886,
304,
367,
750,
411,
5995,
292,
408,
1784,
21049,
1953,
408,
366,
508,
373,
596,
8818,
267,
29889,
13,
6132,
451,
9566,
1048,
8818,
267,
29991,
1932,
366,
526,
2734,
263,
3271,
5381,
29892,
372,
338,
4780,
304,
1925,
17786,
278,
2714,
310,
5146,
292,
278,
5874,
29889,
2398,
29892,
366,
451,
871,
505,
304,
5146,
17097,
322,
2106,
8818,
267,
29892,
541,
366,
884,
1818,
5146,
1554,
2000,
263,
1583,
29899,
3451,
22812,
8818,
29889,
739,
1122,
367,
1900,
304,
4017,
278,
1371,
310,
385,
3633,
424,
304,
679,
366,
4687,
29889,
13,
3644,
366,
437,
451,
5735,
7432,
366,
817,
304,
1207,
372,
2821,
304,
9261,
331,
1078,
322,
29914,
272,
3942,
393,
366,
505,
304,
664,
472,
263,
25373,
931,
322,
366,
526,
451,
304,
367,
1320,
28179,
29889,
2803,
963,
1073,
393,
445,
674,
23806,
596,
2600,
1169,
322,
393,
366,
674,
731,
17786,
931,
363,
963,
472,
1790,
11406,
1540,
931,
29889,
13,
10401,
2734,
263,
3271,
5381,
29892,
372,
29915,
29879,
263,
1781,
2969,
304,
505,
263,
23533,
2318,
363,
2304,
29889,
887,
508,
1369,
596,
1914,
394,
13036,
470,
1284,
697,
393,
4864,
12430,
29889,
450,
2305,
1016,
29915,
29873,
505,
304,
367,
297,
385,
13557,
13661,
29892,
541,
896,
881,
505,
278,
1021,
17385,
362,
322,
7899,
393,
366,
437,
29889,
13,
29965,
1112,
6257,
596,
3271,
5381,
29892,
3638,
714,
263,
4158,
4876,
304,
7875,
322,
3942,
5144,
29892,
27697,
963,
1073,
1048,
596,
5381,
29889,
887,
508,
7901,
6302,
278,
18811,
275,
882,
411,
263,
2313,
792,
363,
963,
29892,
7148,
363,
19912,
714,
577,
4688,
373,
297,
596,
5381,
29889,
739,
23315,
16420,
322,
14060,
545,
1550,
10231,
28127,
7037,
29889,
13,
6132,
3099,
366,
508,
304,
2048,
14060,
545,
29889,
3118,
443,
535,
794,
1848,
982,
310,
12070,
292,
596,
3661,
297,
278,
3050,
338,
304,
2594,
357,
596,
9316,
304,
916,
5381,
267,
29889,
739,
429,
10590,
596,
9316,
304,
4045,
29892,
1550,
14060,
292,
366,
304,
278,
5837,
4045,
437,
5381,
408,
1532,
29889,
887,
508,
2337,
5110,
515,
916,
2305,
29892,
577,
3013,
596,
3458,
1722,
29991,
13,
27103,
9999,
292,
338,
24820,
596,
25448,
4823,
4153,
304,
596,
3038,
1070,
4742,
29889,
739,
338,
451,
871,
363,
278,
4802,
5381,
267,
470,
4802,
1506,
4167,
29892,
541,
739,
338,
884,
18853,
363,
599,
4072,
310,
2319,
14582,
29889,
13,
29928,
3864,
967,
7136,
29892,
372,
338,
263,
3652,
310,
14260,
322,
1059,
9595,
29889,
739,
16688,
366,
20947,
310,
3987,
304,
1207,
263,
4802,
10879,
363,
596,
14982,
1584,
373,
263,
2319,
23562,
29889,
450,
1840,
13436,
9999,
292,
338,
1286,
278,
4655,
1734,
297,
278,
1857,
3186,
29889,
13,
10401,
366,
29915,
345,
7841,
393,
278,
946,
3819,
1736,
411,
596,
14982,
322,
756,
278,
5702,
2407,
322,
3132,
26470,
366,
29915,
276,
11975,
363,
29892,
366,
29915,
276,
373,
596,
982,
304,
5214,
697,
310,
278,
1667,
21702,
596,
5001,
508,
505,
29889,
13,
2831,
5810,
2153,
29892,
366,
505,
304,
367,
297,
263,
2602,
304,
18720,
278,
9999,
292,
946,
15942,
393,
1033,
5957,
18806,
1821,
2582,
515,
278,
2305,
1058,
508,
12021,
871,
1999,
3096,
29889,
739,
881,
367,
2221,
304,
671,
5164,
8986,
9999,
292,
21796,
8679,
373,
278,
5381,
534,
1975,
322,
278,
15483,
29889,
13,
2887,
366,
1795,
4658,
366,
505,
10943,
385,
946,
3819,
393,
674,
437,
278,
4982,
363,
596,
5001,
11780,
29892,
727,
1795,
367,
2654,
13449,
393,
366,
29915,
645,
505,
7458,
26645,
1623,
278,
6520,
29889,
319,
13436,
9999,
292,
946,
3819,
756,
12875,
310,
5786
] | 1,024 |
C4
| -0.308992 | -0.857192 | -1.026503 | 0.390594 |
partition partita 1 bach
It also moved into placing shares with the general public, issuing private debenture loans in France and also in Russia. Société Générale en France: actus, conseils, assistance. Opera sul suolo francese con due marchi principali: Société Générale e Crédit du Nord. It offers exchanged-traded index funds and other ETFs, exchanged-traded notes (ETN),[59] and several other products to private and corporate investors. The bank announced it will be immediately seeking 5.5 billion euros in financing. The ruling was announced on October 5, 2010, at 11 am. Gli anni Trenta furono, invece, segnati da una diminuzione delle operazioni, sia in Francia che all'estero. Société Générale is often nicknamed SocGen (pronounced "so jenn") in the international financial world. Imprimer. [9], From 1871 to 1893, France went through a period of economic gloom marked by the failure of several banking establishments. For other uses, see, From nationalisation to privatisation: 1945–1990, General Company to Support the Development of Commerce and Industry in France, colluding to charge unjustified fees on check processing, Société Générale de Banques en Côte d'Ivoire, Societe Generale Corporate and Investment Banking, List of investors in Bernard L. Madoff Securities, "SocGen to sell Polish arm to Millennium", "The 20 largest banks in Europe by market capitalization", "Suspected mastermind on trial for France's 'heist of the century, "A Secret Tunnel Leading Toward a Florida Bank Puzzles the F.B.I. GIMS employed 7,600 people.[when? It was within this context that Britain's Mail on Sunday (Daily Mail) published, on Sunday August 7, an article in which it announced Société Générale's imminent bankruptcy. The towers were built and opened in 1995 to become the head office of the Société Générale, one of France's largest banking groups. Questa pagina è stata modificata per l'ultima volta il 7 nov 2020 alle 18:18. Société Générale Equipment Finance Equipment and Vendor Finance. Fimat businesses involve a range of clearing and execution services on listed or OTC derivatives and cash products.[57]. Crédit. Thanks also to the dynamism of supervisory and management staff at head office and in the branch offices it moved ahead of Crédit Lyonnais (in terms of deposits collected and loans distributed) between 1921 and 1928. It focused increasingly on private customers via its network of branches and by acquiring specialised subsidiaries. In 1973, Société Générale opened its representative office in the Soviet Union. [56] Thanks to its presence in New York City, Société Générale was able to take advantage of the flow of business generated by the Marshall Plan. Thanks to the connections of Talabot they were also involved in the Krivoi-Rog Iron Company[8]. The claims against the bank involve derivative transactions that took place from 2007 to 2009, and Société Générale is accused of funneling at least $58 million in bribes to Gaddafi's son Saif al-Islam Gaddafi. The French bank denied those allegations[44][45], In February 2016, Société Générale paid $26.8 million to settle charges in a case of municipal bond derivatives where the French bank is accused of anticompetitive and fraudulent conduct. ], In 2005, the Société Générale acquired DeltaCredit, the largest mortgage bank in Russia, from The U.S. Russia Investment Fund for $100 million.[20]. Société Générale S.A. (Perancis: [sɔ.sje.te ʒe.ne.ʁal]), kerap dinamakan "SocGen" (Perancis: ), ialah sebuah bank pelaburan multinasional Perancis dan syarikat perkhidmatan kewangan yang beribu pejabat di Paris, Perancis. Nel 1997 la SocGen
|
[
8877,
760,
2028,
29871,
29896,
289,
496,
13,
3112,
884,
6153,
964,
24421,
29358,
411,
278,
2498,
970,
29892,
17759,
292,
2024,
2553,
296,
545,
658,
550,
297,
3444,
322,
884,
297,
12710,
29889,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
427,
3444,
29901,
1044,
375,
29892,
5178,
2719,
29892,
18872,
29889,
19198,
5394,
480,
3543,
18730,
378,
2861,
8575,
29875,
3420,
2606,
29901,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
321,
6781,
2487,
277,
868,
5245,
29889,
739,
16688,
429,
15033,
29899,
509,
11932,
2380,
29199,
322,
916,
382,
8969,
29879,
29892,
429,
15033,
29899,
509,
11932,
11486,
313,
2544,
29940,
511,
29961,
29945,
29929,
29962,
322,
3196,
916,
9316,
304,
2024,
322,
17266,
403,
13258,
943,
29889,
450,
9124,
9326,
372,
674,
367,
7389,
25738,
29871,
29945,
29889,
29945,
24464,
11878,
1883,
297,
11782,
3277,
29889,
450,
364,
19478,
471,
9326,
373,
5533,
29871,
29945,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29900,
29892,
472,
29871,
29896,
29896,
626,
29889,
19805,
6957,
1605,
6381,
17380,
29892,
24248,
29892,
2377,
29876,
2219,
1146,
1185,
22964,
14285,
4884,
1751,
8312,
29892,
14718,
297,
13913,
923,
599,
29915,
342,
1489,
29889,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
338,
4049,
25985,
17514,
28239,
15462,
313,
558,
265,
20979,
376,
578,
432,
2108,
1159,
297,
278,
6121,
18161,
3186,
29889,
1954,
558,
4193,
29889,
518,
29929,
1402,
3645,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29955,
29896,
304,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29929,
29941,
29892,
3444,
3512,
1549,
263,
3785,
310,
17407,
15482,
290,
10902,
491,
278,
10672,
310,
3196,
9124,
292,
10127,
1860,
29889,
1152,
916,
3913,
29892,
1074,
29892,
3645,
4797,
4371,
304,
5999,
271,
4371,
29901,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29946,
29945,
29994,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29900,
29892,
4593,
6938,
304,
18601,
278,
14650,
310,
422,
15667,
322,
12157,
719,
297,
3444,
29892,
5321,
566,
292,
304,
8323,
443,
5143,
2164,
1238,
267,
373,
1423,
9068,
29892,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
316,
10765,
1912,
427,
315,
30069,
371,
270,
29915,
29902,
1365,
533,
29892,
5329,
2650,
3251,
744,
12767,
403,
322,
512,
10147,
358,
10253,
292,
29892,
2391,
310,
13258,
943,
297,
13337,
365,
29889,
341,
912,
600,
5356,
332,
1907,
29892,
376,
29903,
542,
15462,
304,
19417,
19919,
5075,
304,
8649,
264,
1240,
398,
613,
376,
1576,
29871,
29906,
29900,
10150,
24388,
297,
4092,
491,
9999,
7483,
2133,
613,
376,
29903,
375,
6021,
5835,
24021,
373,
14260,
363,
3444,
29915,
29879,
525,
354,
391,
310,
278,
6462,
29892,
376,
29909,
10213,
323,
16163,
951,
9382,
22578,
538,
263,
13813,
10253,
349,
18813,
793,
278,
383,
29889,
29933,
29889,
29902,
29889,
402,
29902,
4345,
15723,
29871,
29955,
29892,
29953,
29900,
29900,
2305,
7226,
8256,
29973,
739,
471,
2629,
445,
3030,
393,
14933,
29915,
29879,
18623,
373,
16340,
313,
29928,
8683,
18623,
29897,
6369,
29892,
373,
16340,
3111,
29871,
29955,
29892,
385,
4274,
297,
607,
372,
9326,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
29915,
29879,
527,
1195,
296,
9124,
6685,
1270,
29889,
450,
304,
17538,
892,
4240,
322,
6496,
297,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29945,
304,
4953,
278,
2343,
8034,
310,
278,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
29892,
697,
310,
3444,
29915,
29879,
10150,
9124,
292,
6471,
29889,
751,
4405,
10203,
1099,
2077,
12740,
24670,
532,
639,
301,
29915,
499,
2946,
13458,
980,
29871,
29955,
2420,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29900,
4788,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29901,
29896,
29947,
29889,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
11243,
666,
358,
4231,
749,
11243,
666,
358,
322,
478,
12184,
4231,
749,
29889,
383,
15840,
5381,
267,
25135,
263,
3464,
310,
2821,
292,
322,
8225,
5786,
373,
9904,
470,
438,
9472,
25748,
322,
274,
1161,
9316,
7226,
29945,
29955,
1822,
6781,
2487,
277,
29889,
1834,
884,
304,
278,
4292,
1608,
310,
2428,
1730,
706,
322,
10643,
13925,
472,
2343,
8034,
322,
297,
278,
5443,
25222,
372,
6153,
14432,
310,
6781,
2487,
277,
8626,
11586,
275,
313,
262,
4958,
310,
19754,
1169,
16531,
322,
658,
550,
13235,
29897,
1546,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29906,
29896,
322,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29906,
29947,
29889,
739,
21309,
10231,
368,
373,
2024,
20330,
3025,
967,
3564,
310,
14202,
322,
491,
10695,
8491,
4266,
3368,
11684,
8819,
4314,
29889,
512,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29955,
29941,
29892,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
6496,
967,
21097,
8034,
297,
278,
15308,
7761,
29889,
518,
29945,
29953,
29962,
1834,
304,
967,
10122,
297,
1570,
3088,
4412,
29892,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
471,
2221,
304,
2125,
10631,
310,
278,
4972,
310,
5381,
5759,
491,
278,
23072,
8402,
29889,
1834,
304,
278,
12368,
310,
10288,
370,
327,
896,
892,
884,
9701,
297,
278,
476,
1150,
7768,
29899,
29934,
468,
20492,
6938,
29961,
29947,
1822,
450,
16726,
2750,
278,
9124,
25135,
16291,
22160,
393,
3614,
2058,
515,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29955,
304,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29929,
29892,
322,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
338,
28886,
310,
2090,
9139,
292,
472,
3203,
395,
29945,
29947,
7284,
297,
289,
1091,
267,
304,
402,
1202,
2142,
29875,
29915,
29879,
1487,
5701,
361,
394,
29899,
29902,
2536,
314,
402,
1202,
2142,
29875,
29889,
450,
5176,
9124,
17935,
1906,
16831,
800,
29961,
29946,
29946,
3816,
29946,
29945,
1402,
512,
6339,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
29892,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
12530,
395,
29906,
29953,
29889,
29947,
7284,
304,
3604,
280,
21090,
297,
263,
1206,
310,
11677,
21224,
25748,
988,
278,
5176,
9124,
338,
28886,
310,
3677,
293,
290,
10963,
3321,
322,
5227,
566,
352,
296,
7512,
29889,
21251,
512,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29945,
29892,
278,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
16692,
360,
2554,
15507,
277,
29892,
278,
10150,
5758,
29887,
482,
9124,
297,
12710,
29892,
515,
450,
501,
29889,
29903,
29889,
12710,
512,
10147,
358,
13249,
363,
395,
29896,
29900,
29900,
7284,
7226,
29906,
29900,
1822,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
317,
29889,
29909,
29889,
313,
5894,
273,
3476,
29901,
518,
29879,
30247,
29889,
29879,
1324,
29889,
371,
29871,
30614,
29872,
29889,
484,
29889,
30450,
284,
11724,
13023,
481,
4538,
314,
557,
273,
376,
29903,
542,
15462,
29908,
313,
5894,
273,
3476,
29901,
10353,
474,
284,
801,
409,
2423,
801,
9124,
4639,
370,
332,
273,
1773,
10189,
1848,
2431,
273,
3476,
6025,
269,
8553,
638,
271,
639,
15339,
333,
2922,
273,
413,
809,
574,
273,
343,
574,
7655,
747,
29884,
1236,
29926,
370,
271,
652,
3681,
29892,
2431,
273,
3476,
29889,
5728,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29955,
425,
28239,
15462
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| -1.080637 | -0.398101 | -0.405291 | -1.691393 |
ha assorbito il Crédit du Nord. Crédit. La banca approfitta della forte crescita del Dopoguerra per svilupparsi in Francia. Bola založená 4. mája 1864. With a track record as leader in France for financial savings products (mutual funds, investment funds, company savings plans), the Group has developed its Asset Management and Private Banking activities: in 1999, its subsidiary, Société Générale Asset Management, pursued the strategy of developing both its mutual fund management business in France and its activities aimed at major institutional investors at an international level. Elle fournit différents produits incluant plusieurs choix de prêts à la consommation. The Group's three complementary businesses meet the financial needs of our individual, corporate and institutional clients. [47] Its headquarters were searched by the French tax police on April 5, 2016 as the bank was linked with the creation of 979 offshore companies. Crédit. Société Générale continued to expand in France and beyond. Start'up / professional / soho. C'est vous l'avenir. Du 15 Mars au 21 Mai 2021, profitez de la grande fête aux crédits SOAFENO et bénéficiez des avantages tellement exceptionnels. It now had a single shareholder: the State. On the eve of World War II, the number of sales outlets was not much greater than in 1922. [24], Partly due to the loss, that same day two credit rating agencies reduced the bank's long term debt ratings: from AA to AA- by Fitch; and from Aa1/B to Aa2/B- by Moody's (B and B- indicate the bank's financial strength ratings). [49] Despite this previous statement, Mr Oudéa defended that those offshore companies were not meant to be used as tax evasion vehicles. However, during the 1920s Société Générale became France's leading bank: its network had grown sharply since the 1890s, with a huge number of branches and seasonal offices allowing in-depth penetration of the provincial market (260 seasonal offices in 1910 and 864 in 1930). La Société Générale venne fondata nel 1864 da un gruppo di industriali insieme alla famiglia Rothschild "per favorire lo sviluppo del commercio e dell'industria in Francia". Nel 1945 la Société générale fu nazionalizzata, come le altre grandi banques de dépôt. Founded in 1864, its original name was Société Générale pour favoriser le développement du commerce et de l'industrie en France (English: General Company to Support the Development of Commerce and Industry in France).. 1864–1893. In 2010, the company saw an upturn in its financial results. March 2008: Missing consignment of gold by Goldaş Particuliers. [62], French multinational banking and financial services company, This article is about the French bank. Societe Generale Assurances also pursues the expansion of its distribution model through the development of external partnerships. avec les simulateurs Société Générale. Imprimer. Societe Generale DIFC Branch is located in the Dubai International Financial Centre ("DIFC"), Gate Village Building 6, 4th Floor, PO Box 29600, Dubai UAE and is a branch of Societe Generale, a company incorporated and existing in France, having its registered office … Nel 1999 l'espansione si è sviluppata all'estero con l'acquisizione di banche in Romania, Bulgaria e Madagascar. In 1871, Société Générale moved into the public French issues market with a national debenture loan launched to cover the war indemnity stipulated in the Treaty of Frankfurt. In addition, 51 percent of SSB Bank in Ghana in 2003 and 50 percent of Geniki Bank in Greece in 2004 were acquired . Société Générale Twin Towers are two office skyscrapers located in La Défense, a high-rise business district, and in Nanterre, France, west of Paris.Their exterior designs are identical. La Banca sviluppò un
|
[
447,
1223,
11831,
2049,
980,
6781,
2487,
277,
868,
5245,
29889,
6781,
2487,
277,
29889,
997,
9892,
1113,
2134,
9202,
941,
2005,
19624,
24185,
28805,
628,
360,
459,
468,
2853,
336,
639,
21927,
14889,
16665,
297,
13913,
29889,
350,
2963,
503,
7003,
19331,
29976,
29871,
29946,
29889,
10269,
1764,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29953,
29946,
29889,
2973,
263,
5702,
2407,
408,
11822,
297,
3444,
363,
18161,
4048,
886,
9316,
313,
6149,
950,
29199,
29892,
13258,
358,
29199,
29892,
5001,
4048,
886,
13900,
511,
278,
6431,
756,
8906,
967,
1094,
842,
15057,
322,
12230,
10253,
292,
14188,
29901,
297,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29929,
29892,
967,
11684,
8819,
653,
29892,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
1094,
842,
15057,
29892,
12359,
6742,
278,
13705,
310,
14338,
1716,
967,
5478,
950,
5220,
10643,
5381,
297,
3444,
322,
967,
14188,
12242,
287,
472,
4655,
12666,
284,
13258,
943,
472,
385,
6121,
3233,
29889,
6340,
285,
2905,
277,
12694,
1237,
1391,
1169,
13654,
424,
10741,
3060,
861,
316,
544,
29145,
818,
425,
1136,
3011,
362,
29889,
450,
6431,
29915,
29879,
2211,
19595,
653,
5381,
267,
5870,
278,
18161,
4225,
310,
1749,
5375,
29892,
17266,
403,
322,
12666,
284,
13154,
29889,
518,
29946,
29955,
29962,
8011,
26463,
892,
17371,
491,
278,
5176,
8818,
10974,
373,
3786,
29871,
29945,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
408,
278,
9124,
471,
9024,
411,
278,
11265,
310,
29871,
29929,
29955,
29929,
1283,
845,
487,
14582,
29889,
6781,
2487,
277,
29889,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
7572,
304,
7985,
297,
3444,
322,
8724,
29889,
7370,
29915,
786,
847,
10257,
847,
577,
1251,
29889,
315,
29915,
342,
7890,
301,
29915,
3496,
381,
29889,
5334,
29871,
29896,
29945,
16852,
782,
29871,
29906,
29896,
6868,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29896,
29892,
2600,
568,
29920,
316,
425,
6815,
285,
9061,
3479,
2181,
2487,
1169,
7791,
5098,
1430,
29949,
634,
289,
25747,
9639,
26477,
553,
10042,
1179,
13547,
944,
3682,
29876,
1379,
29889,
739,
1286,
750,
263,
2323,
6232,
7694,
29901,
278,
4306,
29889,
1551,
278,
321,
345,
310,
2787,
3362,
1944,
29892,
278,
1353,
310,
16538,
714,
10376,
471,
451,
1568,
7621,
1135,
297,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29906,
29906,
29889,
518,
29906,
29946,
1402,
3455,
368,
2861,
304,
278,
6410,
29892,
393,
1021,
2462,
1023,
16200,
21700,
946,
15942,
12212,
278,
9124,
29915,
29879,
1472,
1840,
2553,
29873,
26838,
29901,
515,
22704,
304,
22704,
29899,
491,
383,
2335,
29936,
322,
515,
319,
29874,
29896,
29914,
29933,
304,
319,
29874,
29906,
29914,
29933,
29899,
491,
4546,
1486,
29915,
29879,
313,
29933,
322,
350,
29899,
12266,
278,
9124,
29915,
29879,
18161,
9324,
26838,
467,
518,
29946,
29929,
29962,
19454,
445,
3517,
3229,
29892,
3237,
438,
566,
29948,
29874,
822,
2760,
393,
1906,
1283,
845,
487,
14582,
892,
451,
6839,
304,
367,
1304,
408,
8818,
3415,
7002,
24413,
29889,
2398,
29892,
2645,
278,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29906,
29900,
29879,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
3897,
3444,
29915,
29879,
8236,
9124,
29901,
967,
3564,
750,
21633,
15301,
368,
1951,
278,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29929,
29900,
29879,
29892,
411,
263,
12176,
1353,
310,
14202,
322,
4259,
284,
25222,
14372,
297,
29899,
19488,
6584,
18184,
362,
310,
278,
25750,
9999,
313,
29906,
29953,
29900,
4259,
284,
25222,
297,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29896,
29900,
322,
29871,
29947,
29953,
29946,
297,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29941,
29900,
467,
997,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
12749,
6299,
532,
2032,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29953,
29946,
1146,
443,
18081,
652,
21136,
2606,
23163,
4082,
19076,
21790,
816,
789,
376,
546,
7853,
533,
658,
21927,
29884,
9759,
628,
7825,
3934,
321,
3572,
29915,
20041,
2849,
297,
13913,
1642,
5728,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29946,
29945,
425,
21903,
29532,
4084,
7782,
1848,
24558,
29892,
2041,
454,
17410,
4595,
29875,
9892,
1912,
316,
17631,
9373,
29889,
383,
7261,
297,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29953,
29946,
29892,
967,
2441,
1024,
471,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
1671,
7853,
7608,
454,
24305,
868,
24346,
634,
316,
301,
29915,
20041,
2546,
427,
3444,
313,
24636,
29901,
4593,
6938,
304,
18601,
278,
14650,
310,
422,
15667,
322,
12157,
719,
297,
3444,
20149,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29953,
29946,
29994,
29896,
29947,
29929,
29941,
29889,
512,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29900,
29892,
278,
5001,
4446,
385,
318,
415,
595,
297,
967,
18161,
2582,
29889,
4779,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29947,
29901,
4750,
292,
1136,
10194,
310,
7684,
491,
6650,
29874,
30169,
3455,
12906,
4285,
29889,
518,
29953,
29906,
1402,
5176,
1773,
262,
1288,
9124,
292,
322,
18161,
5786,
5001,
29892,
910,
4274,
338,
1048,
278,
5176,
9124,
29889,
5329,
2650,
3251,
744,
4007,
332,
2925,
884,
12359,
1041,
278,
13184,
310,
967,
4978,
1904,
1549,
278,
5849,
310,
7029,
22056,
14587,
29889,
2535,
966,
29611,
1295,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
29889,
1954,
558,
4193,
29889,
5329,
2650,
3251,
744,
360,
6545,
29907,
25889,
338,
5982,
297,
278,
11668,
1794,
4623,
4231,
273,
1455,
11319,
4852,
4571,
8610,
4968,
22510,
24720,
17166,
29871,
29953,
29892,
29871,
29946,
386,
383,
10102,
29892,
21521,
11773,
29871,
29906,
29929,
29953,
29900,
29900,
29892,
11668,
1794,
501,
16036,
322,
338,
263,
5443,
310,
5329,
2650,
3251,
744,
29892,
263,
5001,
11039,
630,
322,
5923,
297,
3444,
29892,
2534,
967,
15443,
8034,
16088,
5728,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29929,
301,
29915,
9983,
550,
1421,
1354,
2077,
21927,
14889,
532,
599,
29915,
342,
1489,
378,
301,
29915,
562,
7680,
8447,
652,
9892,
1173,
297,
5917,
423,
29892,
28126,
4568,
321,
4104,
26712,
4287,
29889,
512,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29955,
29896,
29892,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
6153,
964,
278,
970,
5176,
5626,
9999,
411,
263,
4797,
2553,
296,
545,
24806,
15241,
304,
4612,
278,
1370,
297,
2310,
29876,
537,
380,
666,
7964,
297,
278,
6479,
11156,
310,
16339,
29889,
512,
6124,
29892,
29871,
29945,
29896,
10151,
310,
317,
1744,
10253,
297,
13491,
1648,
297,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29941,
322,
29871,
29945,
29900,
10151,
310,
5739,
10058,
10253,
297,
25549,
297,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29946,
892,
16692,
869,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
323,
5080,
22578,
414,
526,
1023,
8034,
2071,
952,
29883,
2390,
414,
5982,
297,
997,
12660,
29888,
1947,
29892,
263,
1880,
29899,
29878,
895,
5381,
6474,
29892,
322,
297,
405,
14623,
276,
29892,
3444,
29892,
5833,
310,
3681,
29889,
1576,
381,
25591,
25517,
526,
13557,
29889,
997,
10765,
1113,
21927,
14889,
30059,
443
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| -0.520922 | -0.171962 | -0.172032 | -1.365055 |
'importante rete di filiali in Francia: nel 1870 erano 32 in provincia e 15 a Parigi. Je súčasťou CAC 40. Pour réaliser tous vos projets. About. The company continued to grow at a more moderate pace. The trial aroused much media interest, with a record number of requests for accreditation from journalists. Ar Société générale (Pennc'hevredad evit ober evit diorren ar c'henwerzh hag an ijinerezh e Bro-C'hall) zo anezhi unan eus bankoù pennañ Europa hag unan eus ar re goshañ. Fimat was created in 1986, following the creation of the Paris-based MATIF (Marché à Terme International de France), the French Futures and Options Exchange, in February 1986. Then, at the prompt, dial 866-330-MDYS (866-330-6397). [6] It is considered a G-SIB by the Financial Stability Board. Économie; Fusion de la Société générale et du Crédit du Nord : 600 agences vont fermer. The Group consists of three main pillars backed by two business lines. 63 were here. Starting in 1894, the bank set up the structures characterising a large, modern credit institution. It pursued and expanded its activities in the capital markets in France, and then, on a selective basis, in the different international financial centres. Se si imputa a Jérôme Kerviel la responsabilità di tale perdita, si tratterebbe della più grossa truffa di tutti i tempi che sia stata messa in atto da un rogue trader, dipendente di un'istituzione finanziaria[6]. Il gruppo SocGen approfittò della nuova legislazione, fondando delle società consociate specializzate, soprattutto nel leasing. [8], In 1886, Société Générale was part of the bank consortium (along with the Franco-Egyptian Bank and the Crédit Industriel et Commercial) that financed the construction of the Eiffel Tower. Groupe Société Générale Sur le continent Africain. Société Générale was nationalised in 1945. The former Société Générale trader was represented by Olivier Metzner, and the Bank was represented by Jean Veil, Jean Reinhart and François Martineau. Our solutions. 1966 and 1967 represented a fundamental turning point in banking regulations, the main development being attenuation of the distinction between deposit and investment banking, and creation of the home mortgage market. [12], In 1975, Société Générale introduced Agrifan, a food-products trading company to connect French suppliers with foreign food buyers. Risk management strategy. In terms of specialized financial services, a department created in mid-2001, the purchase of two Deutsche Bank subsidiaries, ALD Automotive for multi-brand auto leasing and financing and GEFA for corporate sales financing enabled Société Générale to increase its European presence in these sectors. On the eve and afternoon of January 25, 2008, Police raided the Paris headquarters of Société Générale and Kerviel's apartment in the western suburb of Neuilly, to seize his computer files. Société Générale gave new impetus to its French network, with an acceleration in growth after 1966 following elimination of prior authorisation for opening branch offices. [52], In August 2020, it was reported that Société Générale experienced a €1.26 billion loss during the second fiscal quarter of 2020. In subsequent years, the Société Générale Group has focused on developing its activities around three core businesses through a combination of organic growth and acquisitions. [53] It was the bank's weakest quarterly performance since 2008's Kerviel Fraud. 17 cours Valmy, 92800 Paris La Défense Cedex; Phone : 00 33 1 42 14 82 58; www.equipmentfinance.societegenerale.com; More information Société Générale Equipment Finance - France Equipment
|
[
29915,
5215,
1647,
337,
371,
652,
977,
24341,
297,
13913,
29901,
2032,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29955,
29900,
15584,
29871,
29941,
29906,
297,
13324,
321,
29871,
29896,
29945,
263,
1459,
10091,
29889,
2581,
269,
30030,
30026,
294,
30182,
283,
315,
2477,
29871,
29946,
29900,
29889,
6803,
12036,
261,
9411,
325,
359,
410,
27499,
29889,
13611,
29889,
450,
5001,
7572,
304,
6548,
472,
263,
901,
17768,
403,
27725,
29889,
450,
14260,
564,
26165,
1568,
5745,
4066,
29892,
411,
263,
2407,
1353,
310,
7274,
363,
1035,
1127,
7018,
515,
8955,
2879,
29889,
826,
21903,
29532,
313,
29925,
2108,
29883,
29915,
354,
29894,
1127,
328,
3415,
277,
27543,
3415,
277,
652,
272,
1267,
564,
274,
29915,
3169,
556,
17599,
298,
351,
385,
474,
28789,
406,
17599,
321,
4358,
29899,
29907,
29915,
27090,
29897,
8534,
385,
6096,
2918,
443,
273,
321,
375,
9124,
29877,
30071,
6584,
1056,
30046,
9646,
298,
351,
443,
273,
321,
375,
564,
337,
330,
359,
2350,
30046,
29889,
383,
15840,
471,
2825,
297,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29947,
29953,
29892,
1494,
278,
11265,
310,
278,
3681,
29899,
6707,
341,
1299,
6545,
313,
29924,
1279,
29948,
818,
323,
10877,
4623,
316,
3444,
511,
278,
5176,
20582,
1973,
322,
25186,
24004,
29892,
297,
6339,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29947,
29953,
29889,
1987,
29892,
472,
278,
9508,
29892,
270,
616,
29871,
29947,
29953,
29953,
29899,
29941,
29941,
29900,
29899,
5773,
21554,
313,
29947,
29953,
29953,
29899,
29941,
29941,
29900,
29899,
29953,
29941,
29929,
29955,
467,
518,
29953,
29962,
739,
338,
5545,
263,
402,
29899,
5425,
29933,
491,
278,
4231,
273,
1455,
624,
3097,
12590,
29889,
3067,
4599,
347,
29936,
383,
3958,
316,
425,
21903,
29532,
634,
868,
6781,
2487,
277,
868,
5245,
584,
29871,
29953,
29900,
29900,
946,
2063,
325,
609,
16895,
261,
29889,
450,
6431,
11624,
310,
2211,
1667,
22549,
1503,
1250,
287,
491,
1023,
5381,
3454,
29889,
29871,
29953,
29941,
892,
1244,
29889,
23748,
297,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29929,
29946,
29892,
278,
9124,
731,
701,
278,
12286,
2931,
5921,
263,
2919,
29892,
5400,
16200,
12666,
29889,
739,
12359,
6742,
322,
17832,
967,
14188,
297,
278,
7483,
2791,
1691,
297,
3444,
29892,
322,
769,
29892,
373,
263,
1831,
573,
8405,
29892,
297,
278,
1422,
6121,
18161,
1644,
690,
29889,
922,
1354,
527,
649,
29874,
263,
435,
1064,
21492,
476,
6972,
709,
425,
5544,
4427,
3943,
652,
17694,
11113,
2028,
29892,
1354,
534,
2620,
774,
915,
2005,
5187,
22683,
29874,
534,
3096,
29874,
652,
16567,
474,
1350,
1631,
923,
14718,
12740,
4473,
29874,
297,
472,
517,
1146,
443,
696,
13000,
534,
1664,
29892,
652,
14081,
2016,
652,
443,
29915,
391,
1981,
4246,
11782,
2526,
4568,
29961,
29953,
1822,
1720,
18081,
28239,
15462,
2134,
29888,
986,
30059,
2005,
26217,
2814,
275,
433,
4246,
29892,
6299,
1743,
4884,
29336,
378,
2839,
403,
4266,
4981,
403,
29892,
12103,
29878,
1131,
17317,
2032,
454,
5832,
29889,
518,
29947,
1402,
512,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29947,
29953,
29892,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
471,
760,
310,
278,
9124,
1136,
441,
1974,
313,
284,
549,
411,
278,
20923,
29899,
29923,
28779,
713,
10253,
322,
278,
6781,
2487,
277,
12157,
12836,
634,
422,
1050,
1455,
29897,
393,
1436,
8362,
278,
7632,
310,
278,
382,
2593,
295,
23615,
29889,
1632,
6648,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
6298,
454,
25523,
6308,
293,
475,
29889,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
471,
4797,
3368,
297,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29946,
29945,
29889,
450,
4642,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
534,
1664,
471,
9875,
491,
19802,
631,
4737,
29920,
1089,
29892,
322,
278,
10253,
471,
9875,
491,
4581,
8980,
309,
29892,
4581,
18334,
26243,
322,
13645,
3760,
457,
585,
29889,
8680,
6851,
29889,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29953,
29953,
322,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29953,
29955,
9875,
263,
15281,
14712,
1298,
297,
9124,
292,
1072,
8250,
29892,
278,
1667,
5849,
1641,
472,
841,
29884,
362,
310,
278,
21578,
1546,
19754,
277,
322,
13258,
358,
9124,
292,
29892,
322,
11265,
310,
278,
3271,
5758,
29887,
482,
9999,
29889,
518,
29896,
29906,
1402,
512,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29955,
29945,
29892,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
9129,
16503,
361,
273,
29892,
263,
9687,
29899,
14456,
3534,
292,
5001,
304,
4511,
5176,
1462,
27801,
411,
9117,
9687,
15649,
414,
29889,
390,
3873,
10643,
13705,
29889,
512,
4958,
310,
4266,
1891,
18161,
5786,
29892,
263,
14311,
2825,
297,
7145,
29899,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29896,
29892,
278,
20590,
310,
1023,
14102,
10253,
11684,
8819,
4314,
29892,
319,
10249,
15854,
327,
573,
363,
2473,
29899,
16472,
4469,
454,
5832,
322,
11782,
3277,
322,
402,
29923,
4519,
363,
17266,
403,
16538,
11782,
3277,
9615,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
304,
7910,
967,
7824,
10122,
297,
1438,
409,
14359,
29889,
1551,
278,
321,
345,
322,
17724,
310,
5490,
29871,
29906,
29945,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29947,
29892,
18923,
1153,
2618,
278,
3681,
26463,
310,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
322,
476,
6972,
709,
29915,
29879,
263,
8076,
297,
278,
15782,
1014,
9265,
310,
17574,
9403,
29892,
304,
409,
675,
670,
6601,
2066,
29889,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
4846,
716,
2411,
300,
375,
304,
967,
5176,
3564,
29892,
411,
385,
28178,
297,
14321,
1156,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29953,
29953,
1494,
29007,
3381,
310,
7536,
4148,
4371,
363,
8718,
5443,
25222,
29889,
518,
29945,
29906,
1402,
512,
3111,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29900,
29892,
372,
471,
8967,
393,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
18860,
263,
25540,
29896,
29889,
29906,
29953,
24464,
6410,
2645,
278,
1473,
16436,
1052,
12616,
310,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29900,
29889,
512,
15352,
2440,
29892,
278,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
6431,
756,
21309,
373,
14338,
967,
14188,
2820,
2211,
7136,
5381,
267,
1549,
263,
10296,
310,
2894,
293,
14321,
322,
1274,
7680,
2187,
29889,
518,
29945,
29941,
29962,
739,
471,
278,
9124,
29915,
29879,
8062,
342,
12616,
368,
4180,
1951,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29947,
29915,
29879,
476,
6972,
709,
7347,
566,
29889,
29871,
29896,
29955,
9587,
2630,
1357,
29892,
29871,
29929,
29906,
29947,
29900,
29900,
3681,
997,
12660,
29888,
1947,
315,
287,
735,
29936,
24323,
584,
29871,
29900,
29900,
29871,
29941,
29941,
29871,
29896,
29871,
29946,
29906,
29871,
29896,
29946,
29871,
29947,
29906,
29871,
29945,
29947,
29936,
7821,
29889,
1686,
666,
358,
4951,
749,
29889,
2839,
300,
387,
759,
744,
29889,
510,
29936,
5853,
2472,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
11243,
666,
358,
4231,
749,
448,
3444,
11243,
666,
358
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| -0.889084 | -0.414995 | -0.298454 | -1.494072 |
and Vendor Finance. [36] Depuis, la Société Générale a su renforcer ses positions, en France, via l'acquisition du groupe Crédit du Nord, et en développant ses différents métiers au sein de ses différentes filiales, mais également à l'étranger, où elle est présente sur tous les continents. Société générale augmente son capital pour rembourser l'Etat, Classifica per capitalizzazione dei gruppi bancari della zona Euro, https://web.archive.org/web/20080503062025/http://www.sgequipmentfinance.it/, https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Société_générale&oldid=116508699, Voci con template Collegamenti esterni e qualificatori sconosciuti, Voci non biografiche con codici di controllo di autorità, licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo, «"On est là pour vous aider", "Si on en parlait ? The sentencing of one man to pay such a large sum of money was met with incomprehension and anger amongst Internet users. Société Générale è un gruppo bancario francese attivo nei settori corporate e investment banking, asset management, factoring, credito al consumo, noleggio a lungo termine e leasing. Le crédit à la consommation Expresso vous permet d'emprunter à partir de 1 000 €, sur une durée d'un à sept ans. Home. Société Générale took advantage of this and acquired leading positions in some new financing techniques designed primarily for companies, such as finance leasing, setting up specialised credit subsidiaries for this purpose. [36], Jérôme Kerviel immediately launched an appeal on the basis of an "unreasonable decision", according to his lawyer Olivier Metzner. Nello stesso tempo il gruppo continua l'espansione internazionale in Africa, in Italia, in Messico. European and French bank shares recorded substantial falls. Newedge's holders were SG and Calyon until 2014 when SG purchased Credit Agricole's stake.[58]. However, Société Générale was active in placing numerous public loans launched during this period by the State or the colonies. [37] Kerviel's sentence has therefore been suspended until the appeal, which is due to take place between June 4 and 28, 2012, and he is presumed innocent until that time. The huge amount of damages Kerviel was ordered to pay gave rise to much emotion amongst the general public and online. #TheFutureIsYou | Société Générale est l'un des tout premiers groupes européens de services financiers. Home. 17 cours Valmy, 92800 Paris La Défense Cedex Societe Generale Assurances is at the heart of Societe Generale Group's development strategy, in synergy with all its retail banking, private banking and financial services businesses. Positive financial results After pursuing a deliberate policy of acquisitions in 1998, Société Générale Private Banking consolidated and developed its franchise in 1999 against a backdrop of tougher competition. [60] The former head office remains as the company's registered office. Il primo presidente fu l'industriale Eugène Schneider (1805-1875). During the 1st quarter 2004, the third branch of activity of the Société Générale Group, GIMS Global Investment Management and Services was created. [11] It also invested in Russian industry including such companies as the Rutchenko Coal Company and the Makeevka Steel Company. Credit Ratings, Research and Analysis for the global capital markets. [5] The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index. [61], In 2015, Standard Ethics Aei has given a rating to Société Générale in order to include it in its Standard Ethics French Index. A partire dal 1966 venne abolito l'obbligo di autorizzazione per l'apertura di nuovi sportelli e ciò favorì lo sviluppo della Société Générale in Francia. It is known as one of the Trois Vieilles ("Old Three") of French banking, along with BNP Paribas and Crédit Lyonnais. Le créd
|
[
322,
478,
12184,
4231,
749,
29889,
518,
29941,
29953,
29962,
28266,
29892,
425,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
263,
480,
4325,
1454,
2265,
3999,
11909,
29892,
427,
3444,
29892,
3025,
301,
29915,
562,
23493,
868,
11107,
6781,
2487,
277,
868,
5245,
29892,
634,
427,
16797,
424,
3999,
12694,
1237,
11510,
4285,
782,
2757,
316,
3999,
28374,
977,
616,
267,
29892,
3503,
8648,
818,
301,
29915,
18949,
4600,
29892,
6722,
4875,
707,
22847,
1190,
9411,
966,
2145,
1237,
29889,
21903,
29532,
11307,
2689,
1487,
7483,
1671,
1083,
6526,
643,
301,
29915,
29923,
8101,
29892,
4134,
15039,
639,
7483,
21146,
3771,
4500,
19788,
289,
4564,
1306,
2005,
13890,
11652,
29892,
2045,
597,
2676,
29889,
10867,
29889,
990,
29914,
2676,
29914,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29947,
29900,
29945,
29900,
29941,
29900,
29953,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29945,
29914,
1124,
597,
1636,
29889,
29879,
479,
14254,
358,
4951,
749,
29889,
277,
19637,
2045,
597,
277,
29889,
6011,
29889,
990,
29914,
29893,
29914,
2248,
29889,
1961,
29973,
3257,
29922,
6295,
455,
7342,
29918,
29887,
1690,
6947,
280,
29987,
1025,
333,
29922,
29896,
29896,
29953,
29945,
29900,
29947,
29953,
29929,
29929,
29892,
19835,
378,
4472,
7764,
7683,
321,
4021,
928,
11168,
269,
535,
23039,
11321,
29892,
19835,
1661,
4768,
2345,
4070,
378,
15234,
1654,
652,
2761,
417,
652,
8478,
3943,
29892,
7794,
5723,
26635,
3468,
6212,
1091,
14285,
29899,
10983,
3640,
29875,
25169,
14667,
13963,
29892,
859,
29908,
2951,
707,
18916,
1671,
7890,
263,
1241,
613,
376,
25598,
373,
427,
610,
27275,
1577,
450,
2665,
16750,
310,
697,
767,
304,
5146,
1316,
263,
2919,
2533,
310,
6909,
471,
1539,
411,
297,
510,
1457,
29882,
2673,
322,
27343,
22611,
4685,
4160,
29889,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
2077,
443,
18081,
289,
4564,
2628,
18730,
1098,
4243,
12106,
3604,
4170,
17266,
403,
321,
13258,
358,
9124,
292,
29892,
24342,
10643,
29892,
7329,
292,
29892,
6625,
2049,
394,
11233,
29877,
29892,
694,
1397,
5346,
263,
26394,
20202,
321,
454,
5832,
29889,
951,
2181,
2487,
277,
818,
425,
1136,
3011,
362,
14657,
29877,
7890,
14924,
270,
29915,
331,
558,
8428,
818,
8019,
316,
29871,
29896,
29871,
29900,
29900,
29900,
25540,
29892,
1190,
1597,
1411,
1318,
270,
29915,
348,
818,
4843,
6063,
29889,
8778,
29889,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
3614,
10631,
310,
445,
322,
16692,
8236,
11909,
297,
777,
716,
11782,
3277,
13698,
8688,
19434,
363,
14582,
29892,
1316,
408,
1436,
749,
454,
5832,
29892,
4444,
701,
4266,
3368,
16200,
11684,
8819,
4314,
363,
445,
6437,
29889,
518,
29941,
29953,
1402,
435,
1064,
21492,
476,
6972,
709,
7389,
15241,
385,
25530,
373,
278,
8405,
310,
385,
376,
348,
23147,
519,
10608,
613,
5034,
304,
670,
25008,
19802,
631,
4737,
29920,
1089,
29889,
405,
3156,
14667,
11413,
980,
18081,
3133,
29874,
301,
29915,
9983,
550,
1421,
2836,
24916,
297,
10557,
29892,
297,
12201,
29892,
297,
11946,
1417,
29889,
7824,
322,
5176,
9124,
29358,
10478,
23228,
20074,
29889,
1570,
12864,
29915,
29879,
4808,
414,
892,
317,
29954,
322,
3037,
29891,
265,
2745,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29946,
746,
317,
29954,
20848,
24596,
277,
16503,
23249,
29915,
29879,
380,
1296,
7226,
29945,
29947,
1822,
2398,
29892,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
471,
6136,
297,
24421,
12727,
970,
658,
550,
15241,
2645,
445,
3785,
491,
278,
4306,
470,
278,
8104,
583,
29889,
518,
29941,
29955,
29962,
476,
6972,
709,
29915,
29879,
10541,
756,
5480,
1063,
8872,
2760,
2745,
278,
25530,
29892,
607,
338,
2861,
304,
2125,
2058,
1546,
5306,
29871,
29946,
322,
29871,
29906,
29947,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29906,
29892,
322,
540,
338,
2225,
21571,
21458,
296,
2745,
393,
931,
29889,
450,
12176,
5253,
310,
5625,
1179,
476,
6972,
709,
471,
10372,
304,
5146,
4846,
14451,
304,
1568,
953,
8194,
22611,
278,
2498,
970,
322,
7395,
29889,
396,
1576,
20154,
3624,
3492,
891,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
707,
301,
29915,
348,
553,
5646,
21426,
2318,
267,
17611,
575,
316,
5786,
22347,
414,
29889,
8778,
29889,
29871,
29896,
29955,
9587,
2630,
1357,
29892,
29871,
29929,
29906,
29947,
29900,
29900,
3681,
997,
12660,
29888,
1947,
315,
287,
735,
5329,
2650,
3251,
744,
4007,
332,
2925,
338,
472,
278,
5192,
310,
5329,
2650,
3251,
744,
6431,
29915,
29879,
5849,
13705,
29892,
297,
5222,
261,
1927,
411,
599,
967,
3240,
737,
9124,
292,
29892,
2024,
9124,
292,
322,
18161,
5786,
5381,
267,
29889,
10321,
3321,
18161,
2582,
2860,
12359,
26420,
263,
23663,
403,
8898,
310,
1274,
7680,
2187,
297,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29947,
29892,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
12230,
10253,
292,
1136,
17211,
630,
322,
8906,
967,
23272,
895,
297,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29929,
2750,
263,
1250,
8865,
310,
260,
820,
261,
13888,
29889,
518,
29953,
29900,
29962,
450,
4642,
2343,
8034,
9242,
408,
278,
5001,
29915,
29879,
15443,
8034,
29889,
1720,
11532,
14666,
4084,
301,
29915,
20041,
374,
744,
20891,
8146,
21129,
1241,
313,
29896,
29947,
29900,
29945,
29899,
29896,
29947,
29955,
29945,
467,
7133,
278,
29871,
29896,
303,
12616,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29946,
29892,
278,
4654,
5443,
310,
6354,
310,
278,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
6431,
29892,
402,
29902,
4345,
12002,
512,
10147,
358,
15057,
322,
15538,
471,
2825,
29889,
518,
29896,
29896,
29962,
739,
884,
2437,
2868,
297,
10637,
13661,
3704,
1316,
14582,
408,
278,
390,
329,
2724,
2901,
3189,
284,
6938,
322,
278,
8561,
5750,
1335,
2443,
295,
6938,
29889,
24596,
277,
17450,
886,
29892,
10550,
322,
24352,
363,
278,
5534,
7483,
2791,
1691,
29889,
518,
29945,
29962,
450,
5001,
338,
263,
4163,
310,
278,
11652,
6639,
4419,
29871,
29945,
29900,
10961,
9999,
2380,
29889,
518,
29953,
29896,
1402,
512,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29945,
29892,
10117,
13772,
1199,
319,
10096,
756,
2183,
263,
21700,
304,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
297,
1797,
304,
3160,
372,
297,
967,
10117,
13772,
1199,
5176,
11374,
29889,
319,
760,
533,
2959,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29953,
29953,
12749,
25198,
2049,
301,
29915,
711,
2204,
5973,
652,
8478,
21146,
639,
301,
29915,
481,
814,
2002,
652,
4948,
6895,
7980,
5481,
321,
4583,
30059,
7853,
30097,
658,
21927,
29884,
9759,
2005,
21903,
26236,
6947,
280,
297,
13913,
29889,
739,
338,
2998,
408,
697,
310,
278,
8316,
275,
21769,
7545,
4852,
21648,
12753,
1159,
310,
5176,
9124,
292,
29892,
3412,
411,
350,
25500,
1459,
747,
294,
322,
6781,
2487,
277,
8626,
11586,
275,
29889,
951,
2181,
2487
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| -0.936633 | -0.405239 | -0.864216 | -1.650917 |
WHITE NIGHT - THE CASCADIA PROJECT FESTIVAL
Last night I attended Cascadia Project's White Night program at Studio 1398 on Granville Island. The project's aim is to explore and showcase the works of playwrights who live and work on the West Coast. It's broken down into 3 nights - Green, White and Blue - each featuring two new short plays. The three programs will be rotating until Sunday October 7th and you can check https://www.thecascadiaproject.com/ for details.
The First show in the White Night program is called, Wayne Gretzky Never Takes it Black. It was a story about three friends who want to save a local bilingual coffee shop when the owner decides to sell it. At the heart of the play was a story of preservation - of a coffee shop, a language, and most of all - a loved ones memory. The characters were charming and the playwright, Issie Patterson, made satisfying use of the F word and witty social commentary on hipsters and current events. Even though we never see her, I found the most compelling part of this play to be the tape recordings we hear from the shop's whimsical founder, Sophie, who recently passed away. She's the kind of person you want to spend time with, and the actors and script brought her to life really well. I honestly feel like I met her. The writing was funny and entertaining. The presentation wasn't as tight as the second play, some actors dropped lines, but the White Night did a great job of pairing an emerging playwrights work with a more experienced playwright.
Andrey Summers wrote and directed the second play of the program called The Hanging Judge. Wow. What a privilege to have seen this. My husband isn't much of a theatre buff, but we both ate this one up. I just have to read the synopsis as it's written because it's gold: "In a midnight cemetery outside Napoleonic London, two trolls hold a mock trial to decide the fate of a Chinese expatriate, presided over by the hanged corpse of a racist judge. It's a comedy."
And it was hilariously dark. What metric do we use for judgement, and how can we keep it unbiased? Perhaps by making the hungrier troll the one arguing for the man's release, and the civilized troll for his consumption. Turns out "He's got a family" isn't convincing enough. The line that brought it together for me was "we've all got mums, and mums will love anyone". Woven into the debate about what makes someone worthy of life, we find two trolls acting more humane than the grossly flawed men who both take a journey that ends in them asking "what have I done?". The show was outrageously funny with great costumes and performances, a simple well utilized set, amazing physical characterizations, and delightful little flashbacks that fleshed out each of the characters. It's a show I will be thinking about for a long time, and one I would absolutely see again.
The White Night Program: Wayne Gretzky Never Takes it Black and The Hanging Judge will be playing September 29th and 30th at 7:30 pm and October 6th at 2:00 pm. The performances will be at Studio 1398 on Granville Island.
Ticket at: https://www.thecascadiaproject.com/
~ reviewed by Chantal M. Marie
We can't wait to be back and serving the audiences and artists of the Vancouver Theatre scene. Until then feel free to peruse our archives.
ABOUT THEATRE ADDICTS
Founded by Danielle Benzon, a self-professed theatre addict.
Live performance is essential to create human connection in our disconnected world. Theatre is not a dying art form. It is more relevant, more necessary, now than ever before.
This is a place for audience members to share thoughts and opinions, to discuss with critical thought what they liked (and didn't) and why.
At Theatre Addicts we own our subjective viewpoints and we welcome respectful conversation. This is not a place for professional critics, it is a platform for the diverse voices of the audience community to be heard. It is a place for ideas to be exchanged. It is a place to reflect upon different perspectives and opinions that lead to a deeper understanding of art
|
[
12317,
9094,
405,
22530,
448,
6093,
315,
28599,
3035,
10764,
13756,
17637,
383,
29923,
1254,
5667,
1964,
13,
8897,
4646,
306,
14283,
315,
6151,
328,
423,
8010,
29915,
29879,
8037,
11554,
1824,
472,
7448,
29871,
29896,
29941,
29929,
29947,
373,
6274,
4909,
7935,
29889,
450,
2060,
29915,
29879,
12242,
338,
304,
26987,
322,
1510,
4878,
278,
1736,
310,
1708,
29893,
1266,
29879,
1058,
5735,
322,
664,
373,
278,
3122,
17700,
29889,
739,
29915,
29879,
9391,
1623,
964,
29871,
29941,
4646,
29879,
448,
7646,
29892,
8037,
322,
10924,
448,
1269,
23425,
1023,
716,
3273,
13582,
29889,
450,
2211,
11104,
674,
367,
5731,
1218,
2745,
16340,
5533,
29871,
29955,
386,
322,
366,
508,
1423,
2045,
597,
1636,
29889,
1552,
29883,
6151,
328,
423,
4836,
29889,
510,
29914,
363,
4902,
29889,
13,
1576,
3824,
1510,
297,
278,
8037,
11554,
1824,
338,
2000,
29892,
25843,
402,
2267,
29920,
3459,
12391,
323,
6926,
372,
6054,
29889,
739,
471,
263,
5828,
1048,
2211,
7875,
1058,
864,
304,
4078,
263,
1887,
289,
6504,
950,
26935,
18296,
746,
278,
12271,
1602,
2247,
304,
19417,
372,
29889,
2180,
278,
5192,
310,
278,
1708,
471,
263,
5828,
310,
2225,
20525,
448,
310,
263,
26935,
18296,
29892,
263,
4086,
29892,
322,
1556,
310,
599,
448,
263,
18012,
6743,
3370,
29889,
450,
4890,
892,
1373,
4056,
322,
278,
1708,
29893,
1266,
29892,
16982,
347,
349,
2620,
1100,
29892,
1754,
24064,
671,
310,
278,
383,
1734,
322,
281,
986,
29891,
5264,
3440,
653,
373,
21464,
23080,
322,
1857,
4959,
29889,
7753,
2466,
591,
2360,
1074,
902,
29892,
306,
1476,
278,
1556,
752,
7807,
760,
310,
445,
1708,
304,
367,
278,
260,
4085,
2407,
886,
591,
8293,
515,
278,
18296,
29915,
29879,
377,
9893,
936,
25331,
29892,
19122,
347,
29892,
1058,
10325,
4502,
3448,
29889,
2296,
29915,
29879,
278,
2924,
310,
2022,
366,
864,
304,
18864,
931,
411,
29892,
322,
278,
29701,
322,
2471,
6296,
902,
304,
2834,
2289,
1532,
29889,
306,
15993,
368,
4459,
763,
306,
1539,
902,
29889,
450,
5007,
471,
2090,
1460,
322,
22684,
292,
29889,
450,
24329,
9007,
29915,
29873,
408,
19932,
408,
278,
1473,
1708,
29892,
777,
29701,
13700,
3454,
29892,
541,
278,
8037,
11554,
1258,
263,
2107,
4982,
310,
5101,
292,
385,
11176,
3460,
1708,
29893,
1266,
29879,
664,
411,
263,
901,
18860,
1708,
29893,
1266,
29889,
13,
2855,
8903,
6991,
13269,
5456,
322,
10624,
278,
1473,
1708,
310,
278,
1824,
2000,
450,
379,
9776,
26817,
29889,
399,
340,
29889,
1724,
263,
14828,
479,
304,
505,
3595,
445,
29889,
1619,
10216,
3508,
29915,
29873,
1568,
310,
263,
24520,
20487,
29892,
541,
591,
1716,
263,
371,
445,
697,
701,
29889,
306,
925,
505,
304,
1303,
278,
5222,
15368,
408,
372,
29915,
29879,
3971,
1363,
372,
29915,
29879,
7684,
29901,
376,
797,
263,
7145,
11147,
274,
22875,
5377,
18179,
8927,
4517,
29892,
1023,
260,
1245,
29879,
4808,
263,
11187,
14260,
304,
11097,
278,
23779,
310,
263,
10013,
1518,
25054,
403,
29892,
2225,
2618,
975,
491,
278,
298,
4618,
1034,
27358,
310,
263,
11021,
391,
16833,
29889,
739,
29915,
29879,
263,
26228,
1213,
13,
2855,
372,
471,
298,
309,
1306,
5794,
6501,
29889,
1724,
12714,
437,
591,
671,
363,
6577,
29887,
882,
29892,
322,
920,
508,
591,
3013,
372,
443,
5365,
1463,
29973,
11637,
491,
3907,
278,
18757,
4336,
260,
1245,
278,
697,
1852,
26420,
363,
278,
767,
29915,
29879,
6507,
29892,
322,
278,
7631,
1891,
260,
1245,
363,
670,
27430,
29889,
9603,
29879,
714,
376,
3868,
29915,
29879,
2355,
263,
3942,
29908,
3508,
29915,
29873,
17953,
3277,
3307,
29889,
450,
1196,
393,
6296,
372,
4208,
363,
592,
471,
376,
705,
29915,
345,
599,
2355,
286,
6762,
29892,
322,
286,
6762,
674,
5360,
5019,
1642,
399,
9813,
964,
278,
27836,
1048,
825,
3732,
4856,
24717,
310,
2834,
29892,
591,
1284,
1023,
260,
1245,
29879,
16684,
901,
3165,
1662,
1135,
278,
22683,
368,
17422,
8734,
1757,
1058,
1716,
2125,
263,
16342,
393,
10614,
297,
963,
6721,
376,
5816,
505,
306,
2309,
29973,
1642,
450,
1510,
471,
714,
6617,
5794,
2090,
1460,
411,
2107,
3438,
9351,
322,
21637,
29892,
263,
2560,
1532,
3667,
1891,
731,
29892,
21863,
292,
9128,
2931,
17063,
29892,
322,
15319,
1319,
2217,
11013,
1627,
29879,
393,
285,
793,
17143,
714,
1269,
310,
278,
4890,
29889,
739,
29915,
29879,
263,
1510,
306,
674,
367,
7291,
1048,
363,
263,
1472,
931,
29892,
322,
697,
306,
723,
13312,
1074,
1449,
29889,
13,
1576,
8037,
11554,
7835,
29901,
25843,
402,
2267,
29920,
3459,
12391,
323,
6926,
372,
6054,
322,
450,
379,
9776,
26817,
674,
367,
8743,
3839,
29871,
29906,
29929,
386,
322,
29871,
29941,
29900,
386,
472,
29871,
29955,
29901,
29941,
29900,
26354,
322,
5533,
29871,
29953,
386,
472,
29871,
29906,
29901,
29900,
29900,
26354,
29889,
450,
21637,
674,
367,
472,
7448,
29871,
29896,
29941,
29929,
29947,
373,
6274,
4909,
7935,
29889,
13,
29911,
8522,
472,
29901,
2045,
597,
1636,
29889,
1552,
29883,
6151,
328,
423,
4836,
29889,
510,
29914,
13,
30022,
9076,
287,
491,
678,
17978,
341,
29889,
9932,
13,
4806,
508,
29915,
29873,
4480,
304,
367,
1250,
322,
16330,
278,
12990,
819,
778,
322,
17906,
310,
278,
478,
29711,
15521,
9088,
29889,
28609,
769,
4459,
3889,
304,
639,
1509,
1749,
3190,
3145,
29889,
13,
2882,
12015,
6093,
1299,
1525,
11033,
4571,
1783,
29903,
13,
29943,
7261,
491,
8432,
280,
4111,
6626,
29892,
263,
1583,
29899,
23221,
11517,
24520,
788,
919,
29889,
13,
23859,
4180,
338,
18853,
304,
1653,
5199,
3957,
297,
1749,
766,
18045,
3186,
29889,
15521,
338,
451,
263,
27116,
1616,
883,
29889,
739,
338,
901,
8018,
29892,
901,
5181,
29892,
1286,
1135,
3926,
1434,
29889,
13,
4013,
338,
263,
2058,
363,
20026,
5144,
304,
6232,
13133,
322,
26971,
29892,
304,
5353,
411,
12187,
2714,
825,
896,
23289,
313,
392,
3282,
29915,
29873,
29897,
322,
2020,
29889,
13,
4178,
15521,
3462,
919,
29879,
591,
1914,
1749,
4967,
573,
1776,
9748,
322,
591,
12853,
3390,
1319,
14983,
29889,
910,
338,
451,
263,
2058,
363,
10257,
28431,
29892,
372,
338,
263,
7481,
363,
278,
16984,
28848,
310,
278,
20026,
7881,
304,
367,
6091,
29889,
739,
338,
263,
2058,
363,
7014,
304,
367,
429,
15033,
29889,
739,
338,
263,
2058,
304,
9432,
2501,
1422,
3736,
1103,
3145,
322,
26971,
393,
3275,
304,
263,
25871,
8004,
310,
1616
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| 1.813033 | -0.607369 | 0.113539 | 0.469017 |
Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey's own account was hacked, used to post vulgar messages #TuckFwitter
https://youtu.be/m96jaREhMtk
James Comey bruised by inspector general's 'damning' report — but he should prepare for worse, critics warn
The reputation of James Comey took a hit Thursday with the release of a scathing inspector general's report on his handling of memos about contacts with President Trump. However, the fired former FBI director should be wary of what Connecticut federal prosecutor John Durham may find in his probe into the origins of the Russia … See More investigation, critics warn. "Obviously, today was a bad day for James Comey," said Rep. Mark Meadows, R-N.C. and chairman of the influential House Freedom Caucus, on "Hannity." He added it was unbelievable that Comey was nonetheless going on Twitter, seeking apologies from his detractors.
Republicans on Capitol Hill warned the inspector general's report could be only the start of a series of blows to the reputations of key law enforcement figures. The inspector general report said Comey violated bureau policies by drafting, leaking and retaining memos documenting private discussions with President Trump. The Justice Department's official watchdog concluded that the memos Comey kept were, in fact, "official FBI records," and said he set a "dangerous example" with his actions.
Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey's own account was hacked, used to post vulgar messages
Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey appears to have been hacked on his own platform, with several offensive tweets posted to his account.
The tweets, posted Friday and deleted within minutes, included the use of the N-word, other vulgar comments, and one message claiming there was a bomb at Twitter's headquarters.
Other tweets gave shoutouts to people, and pushed the hashtag "#ChucklingSquad" — the name of an online chat, according to The Daily Beast.
Another tweet read: "Hitler is innocent go follow @taytaylov3r if you want every Jew gassed." The account also retweeted another Twitter user who wrote, "Nazi Germany did nothing wrong."
@TwitterComms
We're aware that @jack was compromised and investigating what happened.
Twitter released a brief statement saying, "We're aware that @jack was compromised and investigating what happened."
Dorsey's compromised account immediately caused panic among some on the platform, stirring worry that President Trump's account could also be hacked.
Video from 2005 raid on Jeffrey Epstein's Palm Beach mansion showed nude images of young women
Video of a 2005 police raid of Jeffrey Epstein's Palm Beach, Fla., mansion reveals a home partially decorated with illicit photos and imagery of young women. Inside the home, the video shows a wall covered in artsy nude photos of men and women, a painting of a nude woman lying on her back and a photo of a naked woman – reportedly Epstein's ex-girlfriend and alleged madam, Ghislaine Maxwell – lying on a sandy beach. Police also discovered a green massage table leaning against a wall under framed photos of Epstein, who was accused of molesting dozens of girls at the mansion.
By 2006, Palm Beach investigators had interviewed more than 30 young women – some of whom were minors at the time of the alleged crimes. In the end, prosecutors and Epstein's lawyers negotiated a then-secret plea deal which led Epstein to serve just 13 months in jail under work-release privileges, allowing him to visit his office six days a week.
Cadbury ridiculed over new chocolate bar meant to promote diversity
The British confectionery giant Cadbury faced backlash on social media for a new candy bar introduced in India that features four types of chocolate — dark, blended, milk and white — to promote diversity. "This is as absurd as Kendall Jenner fighting police brutality with a Pepsi," tweeted legal analyst Imani Gandy. "Congratulations to Cadbury for solving racism," wrote restaurant critic Tejal Rao. Cadbury rolled out the multi-flavored choc
|
[
20147,
14645,
29949,
5457,
9579,
7759,
29915,
29879,
1914,
3633,
471,
15833,
287,
29892,
1304,
304,
1400,
12799,
5397,
7191,
396,
29911,
2707,
29943,
29893,
5171,
13,
991,
597,
29891,
449,
29884,
29889,
915,
29914,
29885,
29929,
29953,
1764,
1525,
29882,
29924,
11178,
13,
29470,
422,
1032,
19702,
3368,
491,
16096,
272,
2498,
29915,
29879,
525,
16846,
1076,
29915,
3461,
813,
541,
540,
881,
19012,
363,
15029,
29892,
28431,
29383,
13,
1576,
19821,
310,
5011,
422,
1032,
3614,
263,
7124,
498,
1295,
3250,
411,
278,
6507,
310,
263,
885,
493,
292,
16096,
272,
2498,
29915,
29879,
3461,
373,
670,
11415,
310,
2626,
359,
1048,
25957,
411,
7178,
27504,
29889,
2398,
29892,
278,
17285,
4642,
383,
12809,
8881,
881,
367,
281,
653,
310,
825,
27230,
17097,
410,
3471,
3406,
2259,
7073,
3391,
1122,
1284,
297,
670,
410,
915,
964,
278,
1677,
1144,
310,
278,
12710,
16088,
2823,
5853,
22522,
29892,
28431,
29383,
29889,
376,
6039,
16604,
29892,
9826,
471,
263,
4319,
2462,
363,
5011,
422,
1032,
1699,
1497,
10088,
29889,
4485,
341,
1479,
1242,
29892,
390,
29899,
29940,
29889,
29907,
29889,
322,
28942,
310,
278,
7112,
2556,
5619,
3878,
11607,
315,
585,
8668,
29892,
373,
376,
29950,
812,
537,
1213,
940,
2715,
372,
471,
443,
6596,
10384,
519,
393,
422,
1032,
471,
1661,
621,
6393,
2675,
373,
20147,
29892,
25738,
3095,
11763,
515,
670,
1439,
1461,
943,
29889,
13,
5612,
803,
550,
373,
22009,
324,
9143,
1370,
9571,
278,
16096,
272,
2498,
29915,
29879,
3461,
1033,
367,
871,
278,
1369,
310,
263,
3652,
310,
13031,
29879,
304,
278,
337,
649,
800,
310,
1820,
4307,
24555,
13561,
13994,
29889,
450,
16096,
272,
2498,
3461,
1497,
422,
1032,
5537,
630,
289,
13411,
24833,
491,
18195,
292,
29892,
454,
5086,
322,
11551,
292,
2626,
359,
1842,
292,
2024,
5353,
1080,
411,
7178,
27504,
29889,
450,
17181,
10317,
29915,
29879,
6221,
6505,
26169,
22834,
393,
278,
2626,
359,
422,
1032,
8126,
892,
29892,
297,
2114,
29892,
376,
29877,
7880,
383,
12809,
6475,
1699,
322,
1497,
540,
731,
263,
376,
29881,
4600,
681,
1342,
29908,
411,
670,
8820,
29889,
13,
27418,
5171,
14645,
29949,
5457,
9579,
7759,
29915,
29879,
1914,
3633,
471,
15833,
287,
29892,
1304,
304,
1400,
12799,
5397,
7191,
13,
27418,
5171,
14645,
29949,
5457,
9579,
7759,
5692,
304,
505,
1063,
15833,
287,
373,
670,
1914,
7481,
29892,
411,
3196,
1283,
6270,
7780,
1691,
8059,
304,
670,
3633,
29889,
13,
1576,
7780,
1691,
29892,
8059,
28728,
322,
11132,
2629,
6233,
29892,
5134,
278,
671,
310,
278,
405,
29899,
1742,
29892,
916,
12799,
5397,
6589,
29892,
322,
697,
2643,
5995,
292,
727,
471,
263,
13585,
472,
20147,
29915,
29879,
26463,
29889,
13,
16107,
7780,
1691,
4846,
21272,
17718,
304,
2305,
29892,
322,
18760,
278,
756,
400,
351,
12305,
1451,
2707,
1847,
29903,
3425,
29908,
813,
278,
1024,
310,
385,
7395,
13563,
29892,
5034,
304,
450,
23331,
1522,
579,
29889,
13,
2744,
1228,
7780,
300,
1303,
29901,
376,
29950,
277,
1358,
338,
21458,
296,
748,
1101,
732,
29873,
388,
29873,
388,
5590,
29941,
29878,
565,
366,
864,
1432,
9576,
330,
465,
287,
1213,
450,
3633,
884,
3240,
16668,
287,
1790,
20147,
1404,
1058,
5456,
29892,
376,
29940,
18861,
9556,
1258,
3078,
2743,
1213,
13,
29992,
27418,
5171,
1523,
1516,
13,
4806,
29915,
276,
9543,
393,
732,
21452,
471,
19632,
3368,
322,
7405,
1218,
825,
9559,
29889,
13,
27418,
5171,
5492,
263,
11473,
3229,
5934,
29892,
376,
4806,
29915,
276,
9543,
393,
732,
21452,
471,
19632,
3368,
322,
7405,
1218,
825,
9559,
1213,
13,
29928,
272,
7759,
29915,
29879,
19632,
3368,
3633,
7389,
8581,
7243,
293,
4249,
777,
373,
278,
7481,
29892,
23546,
5393,
15982,
393,
7178,
27504,
29915,
29879,
3633,
1033,
884,
367,
15833,
287,
29889,
13,
15167,
515,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29945,
1153,
333,
373,
12208,
8903,
14055,
5465,
29915,
29879,
3793,
29885,
17594,
286,
9454,
10018,
302,
1151,
4558,
310,
4123,
5866,
13,
15167,
310,
263,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29945,
10974,
1153,
333,
310,
12208,
8903,
14055,
5465,
29915,
29879,
3793,
29885,
17594,
29892,
383,
433,
1696,
286,
9454,
10320,
1338,
263,
3271,
22039,
10200,
630,
411,
4486,
293,
277,
20612,
322,
6382,
708,
310,
4123,
5866,
29889,
22804,
278,
3271,
29892,
278,
4863,
3697,
263,
10090,
10664,
297,
16930,
29891,
302,
1151,
20612,
310,
1757,
322,
5866,
29892,
263,
20413,
310,
263,
302,
1151,
6114,
19214,
373,
902,
1250,
322,
263,
15373,
310,
263,
302,
12535,
6114,
785,
8967,
368,
14055,
5465,
29915,
29879,
429,
29899,
29887,
5168,
18326,
322,
16831,
287,
10395,
314,
29892,
13491,
275,
433,
457,
5918,
5872,
785,
19214,
373,
263,
11982,
29891,
25695,
29889,
18923,
884,
10943,
263,
7933,
4158,
482,
1591,
20793,
292,
2750,
263,
10090,
1090,
1424,
2795,
20612,
310,
14055,
5465,
29892,
1058,
471,
28886,
310,
6062,
342,
292,
437,
29920,
575,
310,
14000,
472,
278,
286,
9454,
29889,
13,
2059,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29953,
29892,
3793,
29885,
17594,
7405,
4097,
750,
15593,
287,
901,
1135,
29871,
29941,
29900,
4123,
5866,
785,
777,
310,
6029,
892,
1375,
943,
472,
278,
931,
310,
278,
16831,
287,
2181,
1355,
29889,
512,
278,
1095,
29892,
410,
3471,
29560,
322,
14055,
5465,
29915,
29879,
4307,
29891,
414,
27214,
630,
263,
769,
29899,
19024,
5644,
29874,
5376,
607,
5331,
14055,
5465,
304,
9080,
925,
29871,
29896,
29941,
7378,
297,
432,
737,
1090,
664,
29899,
14096,
28091,
29892,
14372,
1075,
304,
6493,
670,
8034,
4832,
3841,
263,
4723,
29889,
13,
29907,
328,
11059,
8177,
293,
29884,
839,
975,
716,
521,
542,
23167,
2594,
6839,
304,
27391,
6894,
537,
13,
1576,
4908,
378,
20309,
708,
28396,
21542,
11059,
20050,
1250,
29880,
1161,
373,
5264,
5745,
363,
263,
716,
274,
13910,
2594,
9129,
297,
7513,
393,
5680,
3023,
4072,
310,
521,
542,
23167,
813,
6501,
29892,
1999,
2760,
29892,
27274,
322,
4796,
813,
304,
27391,
6894,
537,
29889,
376,
4013,
338,
408,
6425,
18245,
408,
476,
355,
497,
21116,
1089,
17770,
10974,
26644,
2877,
411,
263,
3938,
6134,
1699,
7780,
300,
287,
11706,
3483,
858,
306,
1171,
29875,
402,
13910,
29889,
376,
29907,
549,
3605,
8250,
304,
21542,
11059,
363,
17069,
11021,
1608,
1699,
5456,
27144,
11164,
1920,
12429,
390,
6241,
29889,
21542,
11059,
29081,
714,
278,
2473,
29899,
29888,
4112,
4395,
521,
542
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| -0.681229 | -0.65052 | 0.094262 | -1.243627 |
Жуау III Португалски () е 15-и крал на Португалия. Запомнен и с прозвищата Жоау Благочестиви и Жоау Колонизатор.
Произход
Роден е на 7 юни 1502 г. в Лисабон. Син е на крал Мануел I и испанската принцеса Мария Арагонска.
Управление
Жуау III се възкачва на престола през 1521 г., когато наследява баща си. Когато поема властта в Португалия, страната е в апогея на своята политическа значимост, а Лисабон става важен търговски център. Азиатските владения са разширени, а в Бразилия е започнала колонизация на заселници. Той е поддръжник на император Карл V.
Обширната Португалска империя обаче е тежка за управление и обременена с големи дългове и дефицит при външния търговски баланс. Индийските и далекоизточните интереси на Португалия все повече страдат от произволните административни назначения на чиновници. В резултат на пробойните в управлението постепенно повяхва португалския търговски монопол. Отчитайки сложната международна ситуация, Жуау III обявява мобилизация на мъжете от 20 до 65 години на 7 август 1549 година.
Външна политика
Владенията на португалците се оказват под заплаха от страната на Турция, както в Индийския океан, така и в Северна Африка, в резултат на това Португалия увеличава разходите за отбрана. В Атлантическия океан, където португалските кораби търпят постоянни атаки на корсари, се активизират французите, опитвайки се да създадат колония в Бразилия и да сключат съюз с аборигените против португалците. В края на краищата французите са принудени да напуснат Бразилия през 1565 година.
През първите години на управлението си, Жуау III продължават изследванията на Далечния Изток. Португалците достигат Китай и Япония, но тези техни достижения са компенсирани от негативното влиянието на укрепващата Османска империя на Сюлейман Великолепни, особено в Индия, където нападенията на турците стават все по-чести. Разходите за отстояване на индийските интереси са огромни. За да бъде удържана Индия, Жуау III се отказва от ред крепости в Северна Африка: Сатима, Азамора и други.
Вашку да Гама
През 1524 година Жуау III изпраща за Индия експедиция с Вашку да Гама и го назначава за вицекрал.
Молукски острови и Договор от Тордесиляс
При неговото управление е основана колония на Молукските острови. Жуау III постига закрепване на португалските интереси на Молукските острови, богати на подправки. След почти десетгодишни стълкновения в Югоизточна Азия той подписва договор в Сарагоса с император Карл V на 22 април 1529 година. Договорът от Тордесиляс разграничава областите на ис
|
[
7007,
29960,
29910,
29960,
4786,
26150,
1500,
1779,
29944,
1305,
3861,
1694,
29871,
29896,
29945,
29899,
29917,
6697,
29944,
665,
26150,
1500,
1779,
9844,
29889,
3982,
1268,
29959,
9931,
606,
531,
1471,
22246,
4826,
676,
7007,
29904,
29910,
29960,
1386,
15657,
1093,
1415,
1221,
606,
7007,
29904,
29910,
29960,
3840,
843,
507,
1902,
2374,
29889,
13,
13,
30013,
576,
6531,
11011,
29871,
13,
30027,
29904,
4466,
1694,
665,
29871,
29955,
8053,
507,
29871,
29896,
29945,
29900,
29906,
1214,
29889,
490,
6105,
2019,
1782,
29921,
29889,
7473,
29921,
1694,
665,
6697,
29944,
1142,
22935,
26296,
306,
30081,
29917,
9971,
10328,
20276,
1695,
29921,
2421,
2019,
3507,
4941,
1291,
494,
588,
29921,
2494,
29889,
13,
13,
30053,
6842,
6195,
29871,
13,
30100,
29960,
29910,
29960,
4786,
1586,
16915,
29972,
642,
29981,
846,
665,
2102,
1578,
684,
16319,
29871,
29896,
29945,
29906,
29896,
1214,
1696,
1046,
23984,
665,
3280,
5640,
846,
4724,
4826,
3485,
29889,
3840,
23984,
733,
29919,
1155,
8672,
464,
676,
490,
26150,
1500,
1779,
9844,
29892,
8440,
10392,
1694,
490,
1097,
1268,
5035,
29970,
665,
3862,
29970,
676,
25061,
2494,
23674,
1630,
464,
29892,
1097,
6105,
2019,
1782,
29921,
2591,
846,
8935,
4054,
1937,
6512,
9319,
1305,
8410,
6512,
29889,
1291,
1916,
12174,
1305,
730,
8672,
28161,
2489,
3212,
1911,
587,
507,
29892,
1097,
490,
17175,
1916,
9844,
1694,
1077,
1268,
13130,
684,
20427,
507,
1902,
5274,
665,
1077,
1502,
29944,
11026,
29889,
7624,
29977,
1694,
3693,
29957,
19003,
29998,
3316,
665,
30081,
9430,
26059,
10777,
29944,
478,
29889,
13,
13,
30038,
29975,
1911,
29927,
10392,
26150,
1500,
1779,
29944,
2494,
28291,
4941,
1604,
29910,
1093,
1694,
2399,
29998,
642,
1077,
14548,
6195,
606,
1604,
13145,
28196,
531,
1084,
753,
989,
662,
11136,
29969,
8381,
606,
2263,
28101,
29932,
1695,
16915,
29921,
30002,
1587,
1937,
6512,
9319,
1305,
4724,
4453,
29935,
29889,
11252,
24005,
1305,
730,
606,
3574,
753,
551,
6531,
702,
29981,
12897,
26133,
587,
1325,
665,
26150,
1500,
1779,
9844,
6495,
26757,
1093,
8440,
14932,
1685,
10219,
984,
29944,
12897,
23409,
507,
21680,
12395,
665,
5787,
2835,
11026,
29889,
939,
12250,
13313,
29932,
665,
1471,
18595,
12897,
490,
14548,
6195,
702,
733,
4267,
17017,
570,
5885,
13053,
846,
21463,
1500,
1779,
29944,
25418,
1937,
6512,
9319,
1305,
2569,
570,
9518,
29889,
14809,
18790,
29977,
717,
19945,
29998,
10392,
25075,
477,
3485,
29412,
5274,
29892,
7007,
29960,
29910,
29960,
4786,
1604,
29970,
5543,
846,
2569,
2384,
19129,
5274,
665,
757,
30055,
1498,
730,
1685,
29871,
29906,
29900,
1447,
29871,
29953,
29945,
5808,
507,
665,
29871,
29955,
12517,
464,
29871,
29896,
29945,
29946,
29929,
17145,
29889,
13,
13,
30012,
21859,
30002,
477,
10595,
22283,
29871,
13,
13,
30012,
684,
28161,
676,
665,
21463,
1500,
1779,
29944,
1138,
730,
1586,
614,
642,
7617,
29932,
3693,
1077,
18478,
3369,
1685,
8440,
10392,
665,
23411,
5274,
29892,
5413,
702,
490,
11252,
24005,
25418,
614,
2476,
745,
29892,
1710,
642,
606,
490,
23070,
477,
1291,
22190,
642,
29892,
490,
12250,
13313,
29932,
665,
18077,
26150,
1500,
1779,
9844,
863,
19630,
1282,
846,
3212,
4647,
730,
1077,
1685,
8355,
477,
29889,
939,
1291,
29932,
4453,
7166,
25418,
614,
2476,
745,
29892,
23839,
1216,
702,
21463,
1500,
1779,
29944,
1305,
730,
1046,
494,
2384,
1937,
6512,
29964,
10691,
733,
29644,
507,
1097,
676,
717,
665,
13511,
2019,
641,
29892,
1586,
1097,
9054,
14361,
494,
29932,
16201,
1916,
730,
29892,
614,
1668,
14878,
29977,
717,
1586,
3574,
9031,
8728,
14932,
20427,
1587,
490,
17175,
1916,
9844,
606,
3574,
531,
8776,
1282,
29932,
9031,
20926,
531,
15672,
641,
5035,
12897,
12411,
21463,
1500,
1779,
29944,
1138,
730,
29889,
939,
6697,
29970,
665,
6697,
29917,
4826,
676,
16201,
1916,
730,
2489,
1695,
1864,
1216,
507,
3574,
665,
2968,
29935,
29824,
17175,
1916,
9844,
16319,
29871,
29896,
29945,
29953,
29945,
17145,
29889,
13,
13,
30013,
10485,
469,
6512,
1221,
730,
5808,
507,
665,
14548,
6195,
702,
3485,
29892,
7007,
29960,
29910,
29960,
4786,
24678,
11136,
2711,
12993,
1866,
6481,
22185,
676,
665,
8371,
753,
29981,
1587,
10692,
14308,
29889,
26150,
1500,
1779,
29944,
1138,
730,
23118,
1779,
29932,
6746,
21821,
606,
6061,
1268,
1587,
29892,
4228,
2399,
1916,
11425,
507,
23118,
11268,
2489,
16042,
656,
1325,
494,
507,
1685,
1538,
1779,
3499,
29660,
490,
9844,
1755,
702,
665,
863,
10179,
29964,
846,
4826,
676,
11274,
3392,
2494,
28291,
4941,
665,
857,
30005,
6188,
3392,
11312,
551,
753,
29964,
507,
29892,
9253,
3759,
570,
490,
11252,
18000,
29892,
23839,
1216,
702,
665,
1843,
28161,
676,
665,
13474,
1138,
730,
2591,
12993,
6495,
733,
29899,
1093,
1415,
29889,
26595,
4647,
730,
1077,
1685,
6428,
16091,
665,
5068,
24005,
1305,
730,
26133,
587,
1325,
2489,
614,
29969,
4416,
507,
29889,
3982,
3574,
836,
30055,
1216,
863,
29957,
6512,
2711,
477,
11252,
18000,
29892,
7007,
29960,
29910,
29960,
4786,
1586,
1685,
642,
7617,
1685,
17484,
15798,
1268,
1415,
490,
23070,
477,
1291,
22190,
642,
29901,
5212,
811,
1155,
29892,
1291,
1902,
1630,
494,
606,
7563,
29889,
13,
13,
30012,
29910,
30002,
1382,
3574,
8544,
1155,
29871,
13,
30013,
10485,
29871,
29896,
29945,
29906,
29946,
17145,
7007,
29960,
29910,
29960,
4786,
1866,
8821,
4826,
1077,
11252,
18000,
1694,
4399,
8947,
5274,
531,
6581,
30002,
1382,
3574,
8544,
1155,
606,
1084,
665,
19894,
846,
1077,
2196,
2421,
3360,
29944,
29889,
13,
13,
30017,
29904,
1844,
29951,
1305,
14425,
23519,
606,
6546,
24823,
1685,
1703,
1419,
1216,
1325,
1225,
29935,
29871,
13,
30013,
641,
1538,
18763,
702,
14548,
6195,
1694,
18233,
477,
30081,
12202,
1587,
665,
30081,
30017,
29904,
1844,
29951,
1305,
730,
14425,
23519,
29889,
7007,
29960,
29910,
29960,
4786,
733,
1415,
1779,
1077,
10179,
29964,
16091,
665,
21463,
1500,
1779,
29944,
1305,
730,
26133,
587,
1325,
665,
8936,
1844,
29951,
1305,
730,
14425,
23519,
29892,
3419,
1779,
811,
665,
3693,
6842,
717,
29889,
857,
753,
29957,
18752,
811,
2263,
29935,
1257,
588,
956,
30002,
507,
2091,
11136,
29951,
27290,
1587,
490,
6885,
588,
6531,
702,
13130,
1291,
1916,
29970,
23879,
3693,
8993,
846,
1447,
24823,
490,
5212,
494,
588,
2019,
531,
8933,
26059,
10777,
29944,
478,
665,
29871,
29906,
29906,
1097,
7104,
29944,
29871,
29896,
29945,
29906,
29929,
17145,
29889,
6546,
24823,
15541,
1685,
1703,
1419,
1216,
1325,
1225,
29935,
3212,
2194,
507,
1282,
846,
9308,
730,
665,
9971
] | 1,024 |
Wikipedia
| -0.495789 | 0.090191 | -0.251382 | -1.00077 |
When an unexpected event interrupts the flow of your business, the results can be devastating. In fact, analysts from the Gartner consulting group estimate that 40 percent of businesses experiencing some form of disaster go out of business within five years. But it doesn't have to be that way. A little planning can go a long way.
Therefore, the question remains: Do you have a plan for what happens if you get hit by a bus?
Okay, the bus analogy aside, "stuff" does happen, and when it does, business as usual is no longer possible. Do you have a plan? According to Jo Ann Bujarski of The Business Process Dr, "Business Continuity Planning (BCP) is necessary for any business, no matter the size."
Bujarski says each business has its own set of concerns and weaknesses, so no two plans are going to be the same, but planning is still necessary.
One might argue that no plan can account for every possible unforeseen event. That someone would be correct, but it doesn't mean we should ignore planning.
In their book Made to Stick, authors Chip and Dan Heath point out that the US military is the king of all organizations when it comes to planning, and yet a common saying in the military is "No plan survives contact with the enemy." Then there's the Dwight Eisenhower quote: "Plans are useless, but planning is indispensable."
The key point? It's the act of planning that prepares people for success in the face of unexpected troubles. It stimulates possibility thinking and focuses our minds on the end goal and finding ways to win.
For this reason, I agree with Bujarski that creating a BCP is an excellent thing to do. With planning, leaders and leadership teams look for ways to keep a business operating smoothly. They gain insights into what can be done to deal with various contingencies, and they sharpen their focus on the expected end result.
Many companies are facing a massive "brain drain" resulting from the upcoming wave of retiring baby boomers. These companies will experience serious setbacks if nothing is done to capture the vast amounts of knowledge that generation holds.
Surprisingly, some companies are bringing this problem on themselves. When a Fortune 500 company offered early retirement as a way to cut costs, a large number of people took advantage of attractive separation packages.
Some people warned senior management about all the knowledge they were letting walk out the door, but these warnings were waved off as much ado about nothing.
An employee from that company recently told me the reduction in force and the accompanying brain drain placed excessive workloads on younger, less-knowledgeable employees.
"Because those people don't have background knowledge on the projects assigned to them, frustration levels are sky high and morale is in the toilet."
One cure for capturing the knowledge of retiring workers is assigning people the job of collecting it. One of my clients was smart enough to realize that 50 percent of its workforce would be retiring in the next five years, and they didn't want all that knowledge just walking out the door.
To collect and organize that wealth of knowledge, the company put several dozen employees through a train-the-trainer program. These people worked alongside seasoned professionals, learned the necessary knowledge, skills, and attitudes, and then assembled training manuals for each process and procedure in the plant.
Smaller companies and leadership teams are not immune. They can face enormous problems if a key individual leaves or becomes incapacitated. One cure? Well-organized mentoring and coaching relationships.
By identifying up-and-coming rising stars and pairing them with key leaders to learn the ropes, companies not only have people prepared to step up in case of an emergency, but they also get better input and teamwork along the way.
There's a chance that people receiving such training could leave, but I believe the benefits far outweigh the potential loss.
In reality, dozens of factors need to be considered, including lawsuits, fires, flooding, utility interruptions, labor strikes, transportation issues, data loss, security breaches, server failures, health epidemics, terrorism, bad press due to a high profile or a white collar crime, earthquakes, and more. The list goes on. Any natural or man-made disaster can negatively impact your business.
As Bujarski says, such planning "used to be called Disaster Recovery Planning, but now we know planning should be done
|
[
1932,
385,
15668,
1741,
23754,
29879,
278,
4972,
310,
596,
5381,
29892,
278,
2582,
508,
367,
2906,
579,
1218,
29889,
512,
2114,
29892,
3483,
858,
29879,
515,
278,
402,
442,
1089,
8799,
292,
2318,
12678,
393,
29871,
29946,
29900,
10151,
310,
5381,
267,
10623,
3277,
777,
883,
310,
766,
1901,
748,
714,
310,
5381,
2629,
5320,
2440,
29889,
1205,
372,
1838,
29915,
29873,
505,
304,
367,
393,
982,
29889,
319,
2217,
18987,
508,
748,
263,
1472,
982,
29889,
13,
8439,
1079,
29892,
278,
1139,
9242,
29901,
1938,
366,
505,
263,
3814,
363,
825,
5930,
565,
366,
679,
7124,
491,
263,
3593,
29973,
13,
20434,
388,
29892,
278,
3593,
3483,
6933,
17786,
29892,
376,
303,
3096,
29908,
947,
3799,
29892,
322,
746,
372,
947,
29892,
5381,
408,
9670,
338,
694,
5520,
1950,
29889,
1938,
366,
505,
263,
3814,
29973,
7579,
304,
3650,
8081,
5373,
4758,
2574,
310,
450,
15197,
10554,
4942,
29892,
376,
16890,
3335,
2866,
8675,
537,
1858,
9450,
313,
5371,
29925,
29897,
338,
5181,
363,
738,
5381,
29892,
694,
4383,
278,
2159,
1213,
13,
3727,
4758,
2574,
4083,
1269,
5381,
756,
967,
1914,
731,
310,
21838,
322,
8062,
2264,
267,
29892,
577,
694,
1023,
13900,
526,
2675,
304,
367,
278,
1021,
29892,
541,
18987,
338,
1603,
5181,
29889,
13,
6716,
1795,
27754,
393,
694,
3814,
508,
3633,
363,
1432,
1950,
443,
1454,
968,
264,
1741,
29889,
2193,
4856,
723,
367,
1959,
29892,
541,
372,
1838,
29915,
29873,
2099,
591,
881,
11455,
18987,
29889,
13,
797,
1009,
3143,
18266,
304,
624,
860,
29892,
15717,
678,
666,
322,
3951,
940,
493,
1298,
714,
393,
278,
3148,
9121,
338,
278,
6989,
310,
599,
25700,
746,
372,
5304,
304,
18987,
29892,
322,
3447,
263,
3619,
5934,
297,
278,
9121,
338,
376,
3782,
3814,
10503,
3145,
6958,
411,
278,
11103,
1213,
1987,
727,
29915,
29879,
278,
360,
29893,
523,
17215,
29882,
1680,
14978,
29901,
376,
3247,
550,
526,
19315,
29892,
541,
18987,
338,
1399,
11936,
575,
519,
1213,
13,
1576,
1820,
1298,
29973,
739,
29915,
29879,
278,
1044,
310,
18987,
393,
10223,
267,
2305,
363,
2551,
297,
278,
3700,
310,
15668,
18835,
29889,
739,
20436,
352,
1078,
13331,
7291,
322,
8569,
267,
1749,
27656,
373,
278,
1095,
7306,
322,
9138,
5837,
304,
5401,
29889,
13,
2831,
445,
2769,
29892,
306,
8661,
411,
5373,
4758,
2574,
393,
4969,
263,
350,
6271,
338,
385,
15129,
2655,
304,
437,
29889,
2973,
18987,
29892,
20251,
322,
26001,
10907,
1106,
363,
5837,
304,
3013,
263,
5381,
13598,
10597,
368,
29889,
2688,
11581,
1663,
5861,
964,
825,
508,
367,
2309,
304,
5376,
411,
5164,
640,
4289,
2478,
29892,
322,
896,
528,
279,
2238,
1009,
8569,
373,
278,
3806,
1095,
1121,
29889,
13,
14804,
14582,
526,
14870,
263,
20364,
376,
2634,
262,
270,
6038,
29908,
9819,
515,
278,
701,
11506,
10742,
310,
3240,
8491,
24354,
1045,
290,
414,
29889,
4525,
14582,
674,
7271,
10676,
731,
1627,
29879,
565,
3078,
338,
2309,
304,
10446,
278,
13426,
26999,
310,
7134,
393,
12623,
8640,
29889,
13,
18498,
558,
5921,
368,
29892,
777,
14582,
526,
20794,
445,
1108,
373,
6053,
29889,
1932,
263,
7236,
1540,
29871,
29945,
29900,
29900,
5001,
12520,
4688,
3240,
19211,
408,
263,
982,
304,
5700,
21544,
29892,
263,
2919,
1353,
310,
2305,
3614,
10631,
310,
13978,
573,
23683,
9741,
29889,
13,
9526,
2305,
1370,
9571,
16336,
10643,
1048,
599,
278,
7134,
896,
892,
27697,
6686,
714,
278,
3050,
29892,
541,
1438,
18116,
892,
281,
10511,
1283,
408,
1568,
594,
29877,
1048,
3078,
29889,
13,
2744,
19001,
515,
393,
5001,
10325,
5429,
592,
278,
20376,
297,
4889,
322,
278,
10259,
1384,
292,
17294,
270,
6038,
7180,
19163,
573,
664,
18132,
373,
20023,
29892,
3109,
29899,
28385,
5485,
519,
22873,
29889,
13,
29908,
29933,
5658,
1906,
2305,
1016,
29915,
29873,
505,
3239,
7134,
373,
278,
9279,
9859,
304,
963,
29892,
1424,
11036,
11174,
526,
14744,
1880,
322,
3036,
744,
338,
297,
278,
304,
488,
29873,
1213,
13,
6716,
274,
545,
363,
4332,
3864,
278,
7134,
310,
3240,
8491,
17162,
338,
23188,
2305,
278,
4982,
310,
6314,
292,
372,
29889,
3118,
310,
590,
13154,
471,
15040,
3307,
304,
16289,
393,
29871,
29945,
29900,
10151,
310,
967,
664,
10118,
723,
367,
3240,
8491,
297,
278,
2446,
5320,
2440,
29892,
322,
896,
3282,
29915,
29873,
864,
599,
393,
7134,
925,
22049,
714,
278,
3050,
29889,
13,
1762,
6314,
322,
2894,
675,
393,
17173,
310,
7134,
29892,
278,
5001,
1925,
3196,
24231,
22873,
1549,
263,
7945,
29899,
1552,
29899,
3018,
4983,
1824,
29889,
4525,
2305,
3796,
19963,
4259,
287,
6351,
1338,
29892,
10972,
278,
5181,
7134,
29892,
25078,
29892,
322,
1098,
20816,
29892,
322,
769,
24940,
29881,
6694,
12219,
29879,
363,
1269,
1889,
322,
8792,
297,
278,
8024,
29889,
13,
12636,
12572,
14582,
322,
26001,
10907,
526,
451,
5198,
1540,
29889,
2688,
508,
3700,
18886,
681,
4828,
565,
263,
1820,
5375,
11308,
470,
7415,
297,
5030,
562,
22731,
29889,
3118,
274,
545,
29973,
5674,
29899,
6388,
1891,
6042,
8253,
322,
1302,
9733,
21702,
29889,
13,
2059,
2893,
9215,
701,
29899,
392,
29899,
11506,
20493,
10819,
322,
5101,
292,
963,
411,
1820,
20251,
304,
5110,
278,
696,
5547,
29892,
14582,
451,
871,
505,
2305,
13240,
304,
4331,
701,
297,
1206,
310,
385,
11176,
14703,
29892,
541,
896,
884,
679,
2253,
1881,
322,
3815,
1287,
3412,
278,
982,
29889,
13,
8439,
29915,
29879,
263,
8825,
393,
2305,
13442,
1316,
6694,
1033,
5967,
29892,
541,
306,
4658,
278,
23633,
2215,
714,
705,
1141,
278,
7037,
6410,
29889,
13,
797,
16832,
29892,
437,
29920,
575,
310,
13879,
817,
304,
367,
5545,
29892,
3704,
4307,
2146,
1169,
29892,
24237,
29892,
5685,
3689,
29892,
19725,
1006,
582,
1980,
29892,
10212,
19492,
267,
29892,
8608,
362,
5626,
29892,
848,
6410,
29892,
6993,
2078,
14520,
29892,
1923,
4418,
1973,
29892,
9045,
9358,
680,
29885,
1199,
29892,
15115,
1608,
29892,
4319,
3965,
2861,
304,
263,
1880,
8722,
470,
263,
4796,
784,
4675,
17268,
29892,
8437,
339,
6926,
29892,
322,
901,
29889,
450,
1051,
5771,
373,
29889,
3139,
5613,
470,
767,
29899,
26350,
766,
1901,
508,
3480,
6703,
10879,
596,
5381,
29889,
13,
2887,
5373,
4758,
2574,
4083,
29892,
1316,
18987,
376,
3880,
304,
367,
2000,
3295,
1901,
3599,
22205,
1858,
9450,
29892,
541,
1286,
591,
1073,
18987,
881,
367,
2309
] | 1,024 |
C4
| 1.212563 | 0.50678 | 1.141504 | 2.034934 |
Another Opus Dei Numerary Sex Abuse Case
Guest Contributor January 20, 2020 7 Comments
By: Randy Engel
Opus Dei Admits Guilt of Numerary in Sex Abuse Case – 30 Years after the Fact
While awaiting the (final appeal) verdict of the Supreme Court of Spain on the Gaztelueta case involving the sexual abuse of a young Basque boy by an Opus Dei numerary who has been sentenced to 11 years in prison, a similar case involving another Opus Dei member has been receiving considerable press attention in Uruguay.
Unfortunately, the Catholic press in the United States is controlled largely by Opus Dei so predatory homosexual cases involving the Prelature are rarely, if ever, given the publicity they deserve.
I believe I was the only Catholic reporter in the U.S. to serialize the Gaztelueta trial in 2018-2019 for AKA Catholic and Renew America.[1] The sole Catholic news media outlet that finally ran a short story on the trial was CRUX, but that was because I prodded John Allen, Jr., who operates the service, to run a follow-up article on the José María Martínez Sanzcriminal trial which brought a guilty verdict down upon the head of the Opus Dei numerary, spiritual director, and teacher at the famed Gaztelueta School in Spain.
Old Sex Abuse Case Unearthed in Uruguay
So far, neither CRUX nor any other Opus Dei news outlet has reported on a new sexual abuse case involving Spanish-born numerary Juan Pablo Bueno Montoya. Information on the multiple sexual assault incidences against a teenage supernumerary of Opus Dei, which occurred in Uruguay 30 years ago, are just coming to light.
Unlike the Gaztelueta case where convicted Martinez has maintained his innocence, 81-year-old Pablo Bueno Montoya, has openly confessed to sexually assaulting the 16-year-old supernumerary, so this article is not about his guilt or innocence.[2] However, it does raise serious questions concerning Opus Dei's questionable practices related to underage recruitment, violations of the internal forum of the "confidence" ("priestly attention" outside the Confessional) and the Prelature's habituated practice of lying to its members and the outside world with regard to sexual crimes that occur in its residences and schools.
A Portrait of the Perpetrator
Opus Dei, aka, the Work, began its evangelization mission in Montevideo, Uruguay in 1956 with the arrival of two Spanish Prelature priests, Rev. Gonzalo Bueno and Rev. Agustin Falceto.[3]
Eighteen-year-old Juan Pablo Bueno Montoya was one of the first Opus Dei laymen/numeraries to arrive two years later in 1958. He pledged his loyalty to the Work and took a vow of chastity, poverty and obedience.
Opus Dei had sent him from Spain to Uruguay to study law at the University of the Republic, the nation's oldest and largest public university in Montevideo. Other than confirming his age and membership in the Work, Opus Dei has thus far failed to release any biographical data on Bueno Montoya to the media. But from other sources, especially writer Guillermo Draper's interview with the victim, we do know that young Bueno Montoya was trusted early on with the directorship of a university male residence in Montevideo, where he successfully recruited for the Work.[4] The Opus Dei lawyer and popular lecturer and spiritual director became an influential member of the Work in Uruguay with a sterling reputation.
According to Bishop Jaime Rafael Fuentes Martin of the Diocese of Minas, a former Opus Dei numerary and journalist who earned his Doctor in Theology from Opus Dei's University of Navarra, Spain, he met Bueno Montoya in 1960 when he (Fuentes) was 15 years old. Bishop Fuentes said he was impressed with the Opus Dei numerary who encouraged his studies. Years later both men lived at a main Opus Dei residence in Montevideo located on Artigas and Charrus Boulevards. Apparently, he had no recollections of complaints against Bueno Montoya during this time.
A Portrait of One
|
[
7280,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
405,
4680,
653,
21703,
1976,
1509,
11733,
13,
9485,
342,
2866,
1091,
3406,
5490,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29900,
29871,
29955,
461,
29879,
13,
2059,
29901,
390,
13910,
29167,
13,
11746,
375,
897,
29875,
2087,
29885,
1169,
2088,
2782,
310,
405,
4680,
653,
297,
21703,
1976,
1509,
11733,
785,
29871,
29941,
29900,
23857,
1156,
278,
26748,
13,
8809,
488,
7272,
292,
278,
313,
8394,
25530,
29897,
1147,
8977,
310,
278,
22569,
9245,
310,
13616,
373,
278,
15853,
28497,
29884,
1187,
1206,
21677,
278,
18287,
633,
1509,
310,
263,
4123,
4886,
802,
8023,
491,
385,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
4825,
653,
1058,
756,
1063,
2665,
9223,
304,
29871,
29896,
29896,
2440,
297,
8475,
29892,
263,
2788,
1206,
21677,
1790,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
4509,
756,
1063,
13442,
15620,
3965,
8570,
297,
29233,
29889,
13,
2525,
7524,
29892,
278,
11865,
3965,
297,
278,
3303,
3900,
338,
20704,
18425,
491,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
577,
758,
4130,
706,
3632,
29438,
950,
4251,
21677,
278,
349,
2674,
1535,
526,
23703,
29892,
565,
3926,
29892,
2183,
278,
970,
537,
896,
553,
7143,
29889,
13,
29902,
4658,
306,
471,
278,
871,
11865,
1634,
9555,
297,
278,
501,
29889,
29903,
29889,
304,
28755,
278,
15853,
28497,
29884,
1187,
14260,
297,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
29899,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29929,
363,
319,
29968,
29909,
11865,
322,
7493,
809,
6813,
7226,
29896,
29962,
450,
14419,
11865,
9763,
5745,
714,
1026,
393,
7146,
6350,
263,
3273,
5828,
373,
278,
14260,
471,
15600,
29965,
29990,
29892,
541,
393,
471,
1363,
306,
410,
1289,
287,
2259,
16092,
29892,
13843,
1696,
1058,
1751,
1078,
278,
2669,
29892,
304,
1065,
263,
1101,
29899,
786,
4274,
373,
278,
7942,
13302,
29480,
3087,
29920,
29883,
28479,
14260,
607,
6296,
263,
27719,
1147,
8977,
1623,
2501,
278,
2343,
310,
278,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
4825,
653,
29892,
20954,
8881,
29892,
322,
15703,
472,
278,
285,
2795,
15853,
28497,
29884,
1187,
4523,
297,
13616,
29889,
13,
21648,
21703,
1976,
1509,
11733,
10016,
28696,
287,
297,
29233,
13,
6295,
2215,
29892,
9561,
15600,
29965,
29990,
3643,
738,
916,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
9763,
714,
1026,
756,
8967,
373,
263,
716,
18287,
633,
1509,
1206,
21677,
10432,
29899,
4939,
4825,
653,
8699,
24770,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
29889,
10343,
373,
278,
2999,
18287,
29159,
5528,
333,
2063,
2750,
263,
734,
264,
482,
2428,
8058,
653,
310,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
29892,
607,
10761,
297,
29233,
29871,
29941,
29900,
2440,
8020,
29892,
526,
925,
6421,
304,
3578,
29889,
13,
2525,
4561,
278,
15853,
28497,
29884,
1187,
1206,
988,
7602,
18186,
3760,
457,
29920,
756,
19949,
670,
21458,
663,
29892,
29871,
29947,
29896,
29899,
6360,
29899,
1025,
24770,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
29892,
756,
1722,
368,
1970,
11517,
304,
7916,
1474,
29159,
292,
278,
29871,
29896,
29953,
29899,
6360,
29899,
1025,
2428,
8058,
653,
29892,
577,
445,
4274,
338,
451,
1048,
670,
1410,
2782,
470,
21458,
663,
7226,
29906,
29962,
2398,
29892,
372,
947,
12020,
10676,
5155,
19813,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
29915,
29879,
1139,
519,
23274,
4475,
304,
1090,
482,
1162,
9216,
358,
29892,
5537,
800,
310,
278,
7463,
24179,
310,
278,
376,
5527,
5084,
29908,
4852,
29886,
374,
342,
368,
8570,
29908,
5377,
278,
10811,
15750,
29897,
322,
278,
349,
2674,
1535,
29915,
29879,
2299,
1981,
630,
6944,
310,
19214,
304,
967,
5144,
322,
278,
5377,
3186,
411,
4880,
304,
18287,
2181,
1355,
393,
6403,
297,
967,
10995,
2063,
322,
12462,
29889,
13,
29909,
3371,
8356,
310,
278,
2431,
10963,
29878,
1061,
13,
11746,
375,
897,
29875,
29892,
263,
1335,
29892,
278,
5244,
29892,
4689,
967,
23077,
2133,
10655,
297,
11240,
9641,
29892,
29233,
297,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29945,
29953,
411,
278,
18517,
310,
1023,
10432,
349,
2674,
1535,
3691,
9197,
29892,
11459,
29889,
27536,
7003,
15463,
29877,
322,
11459,
29889,
4059,
504,
262,
12941,
29883,
10896,
7226,
29941,
29962,
13,
29923,
1141,
9404,
29899,
6360,
29899,
1025,
8699,
24770,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
471,
697,
310,
278,
937,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
6568,
1527,
29914,
8058,
4314,
304,
18331,
1023,
2440,
2678,
297,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29945,
29947,
29889,
940,
282,
839,
3192,
670,
28108,
1017,
304,
278,
5244,
322,
3614,
263,
325,
340,
310,
521,
579,
537,
29892,
25273,
1017,
322,
704,
287,
5597,
29889,
13,
11746,
375,
897,
29875,
750,
2665,
1075,
515,
13616,
304,
29233,
304,
6559,
4307,
472,
278,
3014,
310,
278,
8063,
29892,
278,
5233,
29915,
29879,
23947,
322,
10150,
970,
16372,
297,
11240,
9641,
29889,
5901,
1135,
9659,
292,
670,
5046,
322,
28512,
297,
278,
5244,
29892,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
756,
4550,
2215,
5229,
304,
6507,
738,
4768,
19711,
848,
373,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
304,
278,
5745,
29889,
1205,
515,
916,
8974,
29892,
7148,
9227,
2088,
453,
20772,
16322,
546,
29915,
29879,
15593,
411,
278,
28985,
29892,
591,
437,
1073,
393,
4123,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
471,
9311,
287,
4688,
373,
411,
278,
8881,
3527,
310,
263,
16372,
14263,
25488,
297,
11240,
9641,
29892,
988,
540,
8472,
1162,
582,
1573,
363,
278,
5244,
7226,
29946,
29962,
450,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
25008,
322,
5972,
13081,
9945,
322,
20954,
8881,
3897,
385,
7112,
2556,
4509,
310,
278,
5244,
297,
29233,
411,
263,
16864,
1847,
19821,
29889,
13,
7504,
3278,
304,
16880,
14021,
603,
25661,
11871,
5326,
6502,
310,
278,
28403,
968,
310,
3080,
294,
29892,
263,
4642,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
4825,
653,
322,
24452,
1058,
20591,
670,
15460,
297,
450,
3002,
515,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
29915,
29879,
3014,
310,
24707,
336,
29892,
13616,
29892,
540,
1539,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
297,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29953,
29900,
746,
540,
313,
29943,
29884,
5326,
29897,
471,
29871,
29896,
29945,
2440,
2030,
29889,
16880,
11871,
5326,
1497,
540,
471,
527,
13120,
411,
278,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
4825,
653,
1058,
18443,
287,
670,
11898,
29889,
23857,
2678,
1716,
1757,
10600,
472,
263,
1667,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
25488,
297,
11240,
9641,
5982,
373,
3012,
335,
294,
322,
678,
2749,
375,
12476,
2608,
3163,
29889,
27466,
2705,
29892,
540,
750,
694,
337,
29027,
310,
15313,
9466,
2750,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
2645,
445,
931,
29889,
13,
29909,
3371,
8356,
310,
3118
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| 0.263629 | 0.903902 | 1.033911 | -0.085632 |
Victim
In the early1980s, among the targeted prey of Bueno Montoya, now in his 40s, was a young boy identified anonymously as "Daniel" in the Uruguayan press.
Daniel was born in 1966 in the barrio (neighborhood) of Montevideo into a large Catholic family made up of all male siblings. When he was about 10 years old, one of his older brothers introduced him to the world of Opus Dei. Daniel was flattered by the special attention he received.[5] He became a supernumerary (non-celibate) member of the Work at age 15 before reaching the age of majority.
Daniel's life was about to change, however, when he was 16 and Opus Dei gave him the privilege of working at a prominent Opus Dei center in Montevideo. The young man welcomed the honor.
Daniel came and went to and from his job with dedication and efficiency. At lunch time, Daniel was assigned a secluded room to eat. Sometimes he was accompanied by his boss, Pablo Bueno Montoya, whom he had come to know and trust. One day Bueno Montoya invited the young man to an office for "a health check." He locked the door after himself. The boy was asked to lower his pants and underwear to enable Bueno Montoya to touch and manipulate his private parts. The same actions were repeated on several occasions – how many Daniel doesn't remember.[6]
Daniel was filled with confusion and conflict. He knew that Opus Dei was ordained by God and that total obedience was due to any superior whose will was that of God's. He had grown up on the essential classic handbook Camino (The Way).[7] Doubt as to the evil nature of his superior's actions was unthinkable.
The "health checks" stopped when Daniel changed jobs. Coincidently, the year of Daniel's abuse, 1984, was the same year that his Opus Dei superiors sent Bueno Montoya out of the country to Argentina.
Daniel remained in Opus Dei and he remained silent. He tried not to relive the memories over and over in his mind (phantasmagoria), but they persisted. Then came the moment of truth – he was not Bueno Montoya's one and only victim. Someone close to him, possibly one of his many brothers, had endured a similar trial at the numerary's hands.[8] The time for Escriva's form of discretion was over. Daniel decided to confront his abuser directly given the first opportunity.
That opportunity to confront Bueno Montoya arose five years later in the summer of 1989 when Daniel, then 22 years of age, received a phone call from the numerary asking for a meeting at the magnificent La Centra Opus residence and retirement complex set in the rolling hills of Montevideo.[9] Bueno Montoya said he was passing through town on his way to an Opus Dei conference for numeraries in Mendoza. When Daniel arrived, the two men went up to Bueno Montoya's room and the numerary locked the door. Bueno Montoya's intentions hadn't changed. The older man started talking about sex with men and had an erection. He said he wanted to touch the young man again. When Daniel saw the handwriting on the wall, he unlocked the door and charged out of the room crying uncontrollably. This time there were no troubling doubts, no confusion. This time he knew.
After leaving Bueno Montoya's apartment, Daniel went directly to the Opus Dei Miradores Center of Studies in downtown Montevideo which is typically filled with high school and university students, to speak to his Opus Dei confessor, Father Enrique Doval.
After the young man revealed the nature of his abuse at the hands of Bueno Montoya to the priest (it is unclear whether or not the exchange took place in the confessional or outside the confessional as "a confidence" not under the seal of Confession), Father Doval admitted that Bueno Montoya had been "seriously imprudent" and instructed Daniel not to tell anyone else about the abuse. To add insult to injury, he reminded Daniel that we are all sinners, and recalled the young man's past sins of excessive pride.[10] He told Daniel he was not an innocent and that he was part of the problem. Just what Daniel needed to hear!
Although D
|
[
7229,
326,
13,
797,
278,
4688,
29896,
29929,
29947,
29900,
29879,
29892,
4249,
278,
3646,
287,
758,
29891,
310,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
29892,
1286,
297,
670,
29871,
29946,
29900,
29879,
29892,
471,
263,
4123,
8023,
15659,
385,
4735,
5794,
408,
376,
29866,
29908,
297,
278,
29233,
273,
3965,
29889,
13,
29866,
471,
6345,
297,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29953,
29953,
297,
278,
2594,
5378,
313,
484,
1141,
4089,
6614,
29897,
310,
11240,
9641,
964,
263,
2919,
11865,
3942,
1754,
701,
310,
599,
14263,
27767,
18964,
29889,
1932,
540,
471,
1048,
29871,
29896,
29900,
2440,
2030,
29892,
697,
310,
670,
9642,
21383,
9129,
1075,
304,
278,
3186,
310,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
29889,
8432,
471,
1652,
2620,
287,
491,
278,
4266,
8570,
540,
4520,
7226,
29945,
29962,
940,
3897,
263,
2428,
8058,
653,
313,
5464,
29899,
2242,
747,
403,
29897,
4509,
310,
278,
5244,
472,
5046,
29871,
29896,
29945,
1434,
20888,
278,
5046,
310,
13638,
29889,
13,
29866,
29915,
29879,
2834,
471,
1048,
304,
1735,
29892,
3138,
29892,
746,
540,
471,
29871,
29896,
29953,
322,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
4846,
1075,
278,
14828,
479,
310,
1985,
472,
263,
19555,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
4818,
297,
11240,
9641,
29889,
450,
4123,
767,
5476,
510,
287,
278,
10657,
29889,
13,
29866,
2996,
322,
3512,
304,
322,
515,
670,
4982,
411,
8856,
362,
322,
19201,
29889,
2180,
301,
3322,
931,
29892,
8432,
471,
9859,
263,
409,
13347,
5716,
304,
17545,
29889,
18512,
540,
471,
21302,
491,
670,
289,
2209,
29892,
24770,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
29892,
6029,
540,
750,
2041,
304,
1073,
322,
9311,
29889,
3118,
2462,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
23610,
278,
4123,
767,
304,
385,
8034,
363,
376,
29874,
9045,
1423,
1213,
940,
22822,
278,
3050,
1156,
3654,
29889,
450,
8023,
471,
4433,
304,
5224,
670,
282,
1934,
322,
1090,
705,
279,
304,
9025,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
304,
6023,
322,
26749,
670,
2024,
5633,
29889,
450,
1021,
8820,
892,
10324,
373,
3196,
26108,
785,
920,
1784,
8432,
1838,
29915,
29873,
6456,
7226,
29953,
29962,
13,
29866,
471,
10423,
411,
14679,
322,
14529,
29889,
940,
6363,
393,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
471,
4356,
7114,
491,
4177,
322,
393,
3001,
704,
287,
5597,
471,
2861,
304,
738,
11558,
5069,
674,
471,
393,
310,
4177,
29915,
29879,
29889,
940,
750,
21633,
701,
373,
278,
18853,
22037,
1361,
2909,
5500,
1789,
313,
1576,
5307,
467,
29961,
29955,
29962,
19176,
3116,
408,
304,
278,
16126,
5469,
310,
670,
11558,
29915,
29879,
8820,
471,
443,
386,
682,
519,
29889,
13,
1576,
376,
354,
4298,
12747,
29908,
11084,
746,
8432,
3939,
17643,
29889,
3189,
3742,
1693,
368,
29892,
278,
1629,
310,
8432,
29915,
29879,
633,
1509,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29947,
29946,
29892,
471,
278,
1021,
1629,
393,
670,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
2428,
18930,
2665,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
714,
310,
278,
4234,
304,
13798,
29889,
13,
29866,
9488,
297,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
322,
540,
9488,
17436,
29889,
940,
1898,
451,
304,
337,
9258,
278,
2626,
3842,
975,
322,
975,
297,
670,
3458,
313,
561,
424,
294,
11082,
4108,
511,
541,
896,
3736,
12652,
29889,
1987,
2996,
278,
3256,
310,
8760,
785,
540,
471,
451,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
29915,
29879,
697,
322,
871,
28985,
29889,
3834,
650,
3802,
304,
1075,
29892,
10075,
697,
310,
670,
1784,
21383,
29892,
750,
1095,
2955,
263,
2788,
14260,
472,
278,
4825,
653,
29915,
29879,
6567,
7226,
29947,
29962,
450,
931,
363,
3423,
699,
1564,
29915,
29879,
883,
310,
766,
4838,
291,
471,
975,
29889,
8432,
8459,
304,
21751,
670,
633,
1792,
4153,
2183,
278,
937,
15130,
29889,
13,
7058,
15130,
304,
21751,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
28811,
5320,
2440,
2678,
297,
278,
11801,
310,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29947,
29929,
746,
8432,
29892,
769,
29871,
29906,
29906,
2440,
310,
5046,
29892,
4520,
263,
9008,
1246,
515,
278,
4825,
653,
6721,
363,
263,
11781,
472,
278,
29154,
296,
997,
2895,
336,
6461,
375,
25488,
322,
3240,
19211,
4280,
731,
297,
278,
27777,
22696,
310,
11240,
9641,
7226,
29929,
29962,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
1497,
540,
471,
6819,
1549,
4726,
373,
670,
982,
304,
385,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
21362,
363,
4825,
4314,
297,
341,
2765,
1362,
29889,
1932,
8432,
11977,
29892,
278,
1023,
1757,
3512,
701,
304,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
29915,
29879,
5716,
322,
278,
4825,
653,
22822,
278,
3050,
29889,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
29915,
29879,
7609,
1080,
27222,
29915,
29873,
3939,
29889,
450,
9642,
767,
4687,
9963,
1048,
7916,
411,
1757,
322,
750,
385,
14737,
428,
29889,
940,
1497,
540,
5131,
304,
6023,
278,
4123,
767,
1449,
29889,
1932,
8432,
4446,
278,
1361,
16554,
373,
278,
10090,
29892,
540,
443,
29113,
278,
3050,
322,
20139,
714,
310,
278,
5716,
10901,
292,
443,
1285,
1245,
2197,
29889,
910,
931,
727,
892,
694,
12111,
21435,
27455,
1372,
29892,
694,
14679,
29889,
910,
931,
540,
6363,
29889,
13,
13555,
10124,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
29915,
29879,
263,
8076,
29892,
8432,
3512,
4153,
304,
278,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
11612,
7447,
7817,
310,
16972,
297,
16611,
593,
776,
11240,
9641,
607,
338,
12234,
10423,
411,
1880,
3762,
322,
16372,
8041,
29892,
304,
7726,
304,
670,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
1970,
6329,
29892,
17852,
1174,
14090,
360,
10611,
29889,
13,
13555,
278,
4123,
767,
17845,
278,
5469,
310,
670,
633,
1509,
472,
278,
6567,
310,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
304,
278,
18781,
313,
277,
338,
20871,
3692,
470,
451,
278,
14523,
3614,
2058,
297,
278,
1970,
15750,
470,
5377,
278,
1970,
15750,
408,
376,
29874,
16420,
29908,
451,
1090,
278,
409,
284,
310,
10811,
1211,
511,
17852,
360,
10611,
20186,
393,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
750,
1063,
376,
643,
17365,
16921,
10385,
29908,
322,
18690,
287,
8432,
451,
304,
2649,
5019,
1683,
1048,
278,
633,
1509,
29889,
1763,
788,
1663,
499,
304,
24092,
29892,
540,
1083,
513,
287,
8432,
393,
591,
526,
599,
269,
16697,
29892,
322,
337,
13998,
278,
4123,
767,
29915,
29879,
4940,
269,
1144,
310,
19163,
573,
24967,
7226,
29896,
29900,
29962,
940,
5429,
8432,
540,
471,
451,
385,
21458,
296,
322,
393,
540,
471,
760,
310,
278,
1108,
29889,
3387,
825,
8432,
4312,
304,
8293,
29991,
13,
2499,
3592,
360
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| 0.900101 | 0.755954 | 0.659127 | 0.23375 |
oval pledged Daniel to silence, he himself did not follow suit. That would have been impossible in such a grave matter involving the reputation of the Prelature, which, as the name makes clear is "God's Work."
Soon after Daniel left his presence, it is almost certain that Doval went into crisis mode, and dutifully informed his Opus Dei superiors of Daniel's allegations against Bueno Montoya. The explosive information would then have been transferred to the priest's highest ranking superior at the male Miradores residence and then proceeded up the ladder of the General Council, all the way up the Opus Dei chain of command to Rome and Opus Dei Prelate Bishop Alvaro del Portillo (beatified on September 17, 2014) and Vicar General Msgr. Javier Echevarria, Portillo's successor in 1994.[11] All decisions and strategies involving the Bueno Montoya scandal would be made at the highest level of Opus Dei governance, which, as we shall see later in this article, was indeed the case.
For the record, the secular authorities were never notified of the crime despite the fact that the victim was a minor in 1984 when the first series of sexual molestation occurred. Vatican officials were never informed of the crime as both Bueno Montoya and Daniel were laymen not clergy.
Further, Doval suffered no reprimand from his superiors for his role in the cover-up. In fact, it was just the opposite. Doval was later awarded an advanced position in the Opus Dei governance as the new Opus Dei Vicar of Uruguay in 2000.
Daniel Leaves Opus Dei
In 1989, Daniel left Opus Dei forever. At that time, he had not revealed his abuse to anyone else other than Doval, not even members of his own family. That would come years later.
And, as noted above, in 1984, the year of the initial assault, Bueno Montoya was shipped safely away to Opus Dei facilities in Argentina where there was a whole new set of young boys for Bueno Montoya to pray with and prey upon at Opus Dei's numerous youth centers and study halls, especially those boys from poor and fatherless families.
Case closed? Not quite!
On December 18, 2018, Pope Francis and organizers of the up-coming February 21-24th Summit on Clerical Abuse of Minors and Other Vulnerable Persons, called for a reform program of "responsibility," "accountability" and "transparency." One specific recommendation that caught Daniel's attention was the call for the 130 presidents of national bishops' conferences attending the Summit to meet with survivors in their home countries "to learn firsthand the suffering that they have endured."[12] The clarion call for justice resonated in Daniel's heart and mind. He was 52 years old. He knew he could never recapture his lost youth, but he was convinced that he might save some young person from the shame and guilt he had lived with all these years.
The first step Daniel took was to call the abuse hotline that Uruguay's Catholic Episcopal Conference had installed in 2016. No one answered the phone. He left a message, but his call was never returned nor acknowledged. Later, Church officials said they never received the call.
A second call to the Conference headquarters was made by a lawyer friend of Daniel's and
lo and behold, an immediate response came in from the office of the Archbishop of Montevideo, Cardinal Daniel Sturia. Daniel's formal complaint was received by the Archbishop on December 28, 2018.
Unfortunately, Cardinal Sturia, is an avid supporter of Opus Dei. On October 20, 2016, he celebrated the 60th anniversary of the beginning of the apostolic work of Opus Dei in Uruguay with a Thanksgiving Mass in the Metropolitan Cathedral of Montevideo. Cardinal Sturia said, "We love Opus Dei with all its apostolic ardor and the richness of its specific contribution, in the happily varied framework of the Church, in full harmony with this particular Church, sharing in its projects and evangelizing programs."[13]
The first (and incorrect) decision that Cardinal Sturia made was that the Prelature should investigate itself
|
[
10611,
282,
839,
3192,
8432,
304,
15142,
29892,
540,
3654,
1258,
451,
1101,
14726,
29889,
2193,
723,
505,
1063,
9301,
297,
1316,
263,
15258,
4383,
21677,
278,
19821,
310,
278,
349,
2674,
1535,
29892,
607,
29892,
408,
278,
1024,
3732,
2821,
338,
376,
29954,
397,
29915,
29879,
5244,
1213,
13,
29903,
6150,
1156,
8432,
2175,
670,
10122,
29892,
372,
338,
4359,
3058,
393,
360,
10611,
3512,
964,
24161,
4464,
29892,
322,
9379,
6845,
368,
23388,
670,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
2428,
18930,
310,
8432,
29915,
29879,
16831,
800,
2750,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
29889,
450,
20389,
573,
2472,
723,
769,
505,
1063,
18440,
304,
278,
18781,
29915,
29879,
9939,
24034,
11558,
472,
278,
14263,
11612,
7447,
25488,
322,
769,
24825,
701,
278,
11979,
672,
310,
278,
4593,
8831,
29892,
599,
278,
982,
701,
278,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
9704,
310,
1899,
304,
9184,
322,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
349,
2674,
403,
16880,
838,
1707,
29877,
628,
3371,
9093,
313,
915,
271,
2164,
373,
3839,
29871,
29896,
29955,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29946,
29897,
322,
13423,
279,
4593,
341,
29879,
629,
29889,
435,
18852,
382,
1173,
1707,
2849,
29892,
3371,
9093,
29915,
29879,
29433,
297,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29946,
7226,
29896,
29896,
29962,
2178,
1602,
12112,
322,
16650,
583,
21677,
278,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
885,
24258,
723,
367,
1754,
472,
278,
9939,
3233,
310,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
4095,
749,
29892,
607,
29892,
408,
591,
4091,
1074,
2678,
297,
445,
4274,
29892,
471,
6200,
278,
1206,
29889,
13,
2831,
278,
2407,
29892,
278,
5226,
1070,
21142,
892,
2360,
451,
2164,
310,
278,
17268,
15020,
278,
2114,
393,
278,
28985,
471,
263,
9461,
297,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29947,
29946,
746,
278,
937,
3652,
310,
18287,
6062,
342,
362,
10761,
29889,
478,
271,
2185,
24921,
892,
2360,
23388,
310,
278,
17268,
408,
1716,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
322,
8432,
892,
6568,
1527,
451,
28238,
1927,
29889,
13,
29943,
332,
721,
29892,
360,
10611,
17654,
694,
2062,
326,
392,
515,
670,
2428,
18930,
363,
670,
6297,
297,
278,
4612,
29899,
786,
29889,
512,
2114,
29892,
372,
471,
925,
278,
11564,
29889,
360,
10611,
471,
2678,
15074,
385,
12862,
2602,
297,
278,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
4095,
749,
408,
278,
716,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
13423,
279,
310,
29233,
297,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29900,
29889,
13,
29866,
951,
5989,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
13,
797,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29947,
29929,
29892,
8432,
2175,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
22296,
29889,
2180,
393,
931,
29892,
540,
750,
451,
17845,
670,
633,
1509,
304,
5019,
1683,
916,
1135,
360,
10611,
29892,
451,
1584,
5144,
310,
670,
1914,
3942,
29889,
2193,
723,
2041,
2440,
2678,
29889,
13,
2855,
29892,
408,
11682,
2038,
29892,
297,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29947,
29946,
29892,
278,
1629,
310,
278,
2847,
29159,
29892,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
471,
528,
16242,
23511,
3448,
304,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
23330,
297,
13798,
988,
727,
471,
263,
3353,
716,
731,
310,
4123,
12544,
363,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
304,
12475,
411,
322,
758,
29891,
2501,
472,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
29915,
29879,
12727,
12397,
1644,
414,
322,
6559,
298,
4293,
29892,
7148,
1906,
12544,
515,
6460,
322,
4783,
2222,
13175,
29889,
13,
8259,
5764,
29973,
2216,
3755,
29991,
13,
2951,
5846,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
29892,
20635,
5845,
322,
8674,
414,
310,
278,
701,
29899,
11506,
6339,
29871,
29906,
29896,
29899,
29906,
29946,
386,
6991,
2415,
373,
315,
1358,
936,
1976,
1509,
310,
3080,
943,
322,
5901,
478,
352,
1089,
519,
9034,
787,
29892,
2000,
363,
263,
11736,
1824,
310,
376,
26679,
4127,
1699,
376,
10149,
3097,
29908,
322,
376,
3286,
862,
3819,
1213,
3118,
2702,
29303,
393,
12624,
8432,
29915,
29879,
8570,
471,
278,
1246,
363,
278,
29871,
29896,
29941,
29900,
2225,
16719,
310,
4797,
289,
728,
3554,
29915,
378,
10662,
1098,
2548,
278,
6991,
2415,
304,
5870,
411,
10503,
440,
943,
297,
1009,
3271,
10916,
376,
517,
5110,
937,
3179,
278,
23164,
393,
896,
505,
1095,
2955,
1213,
29961,
29896,
29906,
29962,
450,
7542,
291,
1246,
363,
15426,
27396,
630,
297,
8432,
29915,
29879,
5192,
322,
3458,
29889,
940,
471,
29871,
29945,
29906,
2440,
2030,
29889,
940,
6363,
540,
1033,
2360,
337,
17885,
545,
670,
5714,
12397,
29892,
541,
540,
471,
25617,
393,
540,
1795,
4078,
777,
4123,
2022,
515,
278,
28503,
322,
1410,
2782,
540,
750,
10600,
411,
599,
1438,
2440,
29889,
13,
1576,
937,
4331,
8432,
3614,
471,
304,
1246,
278,
633,
1509,
7375,
1220,
393,
29233,
29915,
29879,
11865,
20981,
9708,
284,
16377,
750,
5130,
297,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
29889,
1939,
697,
7699,
278,
9008,
29889,
940,
2175,
263,
2643,
29892,
541,
670,
1246,
471,
2360,
4133,
3643,
24084,
3192,
29889,
12699,
29892,
6291,
24921,
1497,
896,
2360,
4520,
278,
1246,
29889,
13,
29909,
1473,
1246,
304,
278,
16377,
26463,
471,
1754,
491,
263,
25008,
5121,
310,
8432,
29915,
29879,
322,
13,
417,
322,
2306,
1025,
29892,
385,
16800,
2933,
2996,
297,
515,
278,
8034,
310,
278,
2595,
28693,
310,
11240,
9641,
29892,
9160,
979,
8432,
624,
26607,
29889,
8432,
29915,
29879,
11595,
15313,
524,
471,
4520,
491,
278,
2595,
28693,
373,
5846,
29871,
29906,
29947,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
29889,
13,
2525,
7524,
29892,
9160,
979,
624,
26607,
29892,
338,
385,
1029,
333,
1462,
9555,
310,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
29889,
1551,
5533,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
29892,
540,
26301,
278,
29871,
29953,
29900,
386,
6957,
27547,
310,
278,
6763,
310,
278,
18115,
324,
293,
664,
310,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
297,
29233,
411,
263,
1834,
29887,
4357,
7360,
297,
278,
28788,
315,
21471,
310,
11240,
9641,
29889,
9160,
979,
624,
26607,
1497,
29892,
376,
4806,
5360,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
411,
599,
967,
18115,
324,
293,
564,
22571,
322,
278,
8261,
2264,
310,
967,
2702,
11896,
29892,
297,
278,
2250,
2354,
23821,
6890,
310,
278,
6291,
29892,
297,
2989,
10311,
2592,
411,
445,
3153,
6291,
29892,
19383,
297,
967,
9279,
322,
23077,
5281,
11104,
1213,
29961,
29896,
29941,
29962,
13,
1576,
937,
313,
392,
10240,
29897,
10608,
393,
9160,
979,
624,
26607,
1754,
471,
393,
278,
349,
2674,
1535,
881,
23033,
3528
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| 1.016934 | 0.968791 | 1.159437 | 0.525936 |
. He selected Opus Dei Regional Vicar, Father Carlos Maria Gonzalez, to head the inquiry.
An introductory meeting was held on the evening of January 2, 2019. Father Gonzalez wanted to meet on Opus Dei soil, but Daniel wanted a neutral zone, and the meeting was held at the Stella Maris Church in Carrasco. Daniel was accompanied by one of his own non-Opus Dei brothers.
During the first meeting, Gonzalez's repeatedly asked Daniel "What do you want?" implying that Daniel was primarily interested in a financial settlement, which turned out to be the furthest thing from Daniel's mind. He wanted something quite different – "dignity, respect, and freedom." He wanted healing and some genuine spiritual consolation from the entity he had loved and served from the earliest days of his youth.
The next day, Gonzalez declared the Bueno Montoya investigation formally opened. The process went quickly at first.
For his part, Daniel used the occasion to inform his family for the first time that he had filed a sex abuse complaint against a numerary of the Work with the Archdiocese of Montevideo. The response was predictable from family members attached to Opus Dei. They believed that he had taken a wrong path. But there was at least one brother who offered him support for which Daniel was very grateful.
As for Gonzalez, he immediately arranged to visit the accused, the 81-year-old Bueno Montoya, at his Opus Dei residence in Argentina. Bueno Montoya, who was reportedly suffering from "fragile and delicate clinical and psychological conditions" (shades of the Opus Dei Father John McCloskey scandal), when informed of the sex abuse charges against him, readily declared his guilt on all counts. According to Opus Dei officials, Bueno Montoya openly declared that he was ashamed of his actions and that he was willing to apologize to Daniel and ask for forgiveness. The apology took the form of a letter sent from Argentina and delivered to Daniel by Father Gonzalez at le Club de la Papa Frita, a fast food eatery in downtown Montevideo.
Father Doval was also interrogated by Opus Dei officials. Daniel received a second letter of apology from the Opus Dei priest who excused himself for his lack of understanding of the criminal nature of Bueno Montoya's actions and lack of pastoral care for Daniel. He said he had received a formal reprimand from his Opus Dei superiors who had decided to make the priest the ultimate scapegoat in the sordid affair.
Negotiations between Gonzalez and Daniel continued into the spring of 2019. The main sticking point was that Opus Dei officials wanted a quick financial settlement that would continue to tie Daniel to the Prelature. By this time, however, Daniel wanted total severance from his oppressor.
Vicar Gonzalez initially proposed a form of compensation to cover Daniel's psychological treatments for two years at the end of which Opus Dei officials would arrange for additional counseling that would involve renewed contact with Daniel. Daniel rejected the offer. He argued that Opus Dei was going to take care of Bueno Montoya, perpetrator of the crime, for a lifetime, including his room and board and medical care. Why shouldn't Opus Dei at least pay for Daniel's mental health bills for his lifetime?
In April 2019, Opus Dei officials in Rome issued a legal intervention in the Bueno Montoya case which had been approved and signed by the reigning Prelate of Opus Dei in Rome, Msgr. Fernando Ocáriz.
The document acknowledged that Mr. Juan Pablo Bueno Montoya had admitted his guilt and expressed remorse for his actions. And that Rev. Enrique Doval had admitted his omission in not accompanying the complainant with due pastoral charity. However, he wrote, concerning Bueno Montoya, this did not rise to the level of a crime because the statute of limitations had long run out on any civil court action. Further, there was to be no punishment emanating from the Vatican since the Vatican has no jurisdiction over a lay numerary of the Work.
Never-the-less, the Prelate acknowledged that an institutional response from the Prelature was necessary at this time – some thirty years later.
The document spelled out the "punishment" to be directed at the Buen
|
[
29889,
940,
4629,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
16208,
13423,
279,
29892,
17852,
10815,
6217,
27536,
744,
29920,
29892,
304,
2343,
278,
25501,
16129,
29889,
13,
2744,
22909,
2199,
706,
11781,
471,
4934,
373,
278,
11005,
310,
5490,
29871,
29906,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29929,
29889,
17852,
27536,
744,
29920,
5131,
304,
5870,
373,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
22473,
29892,
541,
8432,
5131,
263,
21104,
10640,
29892,
322,
278,
11781,
471,
4934,
472,
278,
624,
3547,
1085,
275,
6291,
297,
1704,
3417,
1111,
29889,
8432,
471,
21302,
491,
697,
310,
670,
1914,
1661,
29899,
11746,
375,
897,
29875,
21383,
29889,
13,
29928,
3864,
278,
937,
11781,
29892,
27536,
744,
29920,
29915,
29879,
28424,
4433,
8432,
376,
5618,
437,
366,
864,
3026,
2411,
5890,
393,
8432,
471,
19434,
8852,
297,
263,
18161,
16493,
29892,
607,
6077,
714,
304,
367,
278,
3261,
386,
342,
2655,
515,
8432,
29915,
29879,
3458,
29889,
940,
5131,
1554,
3755,
1422,
785,
376,
29881,
647,
537,
29892,
3390,
29892,
322,
16082,
1213,
940,
5131,
540,
12818,
322,
777,
29120,
457,
20954,
1136,
22671,
515,
278,
7855,
540,
750,
18012,
322,
6766,
515,
278,
24577,
3841,
310,
670,
12397,
29889,
13,
1576,
2446,
2462,
29892,
27536,
744,
29920,
8052,
278,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
22522,
28269,
6496,
29889,
450,
1889,
3512,
9098,
472,
937,
29889,
13,
2831,
670,
760,
29892,
8432,
1304,
278,
10039,
304,
1871,
670,
3942,
363,
278,
937,
931,
393,
540,
750,
934,
29881,
263,
7916,
633,
1509,
15313,
524,
2750,
263,
4825,
653,
310,
278,
5244,
411,
278,
2595,
6051,
542,
968,
310,
11240,
9641,
29889,
450,
2933,
471,
8500,
519,
515,
3942,
5144,
10959,
304,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
29889,
2688,
13112,
393,
540,
750,
4586,
263,
2743,
2224,
29889,
1205,
727,
471,
472,
3203,
697,
8099,
1058,
12520,
1075,
2304,
363,
607,
8432,
471,
1407,
28656,
29889,
13,
2887,
363,
27536,
744,
29920,
29892,
540,
7389,
21050,
304,
6493,
278,
28886,
29892,
278,
29871,
29947,
29896,
29899,
6360,
29899,
1025,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
29892,
472,
670,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
25488,
297,
13798,
29889,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
29892,
1058,
471,
8967,
368,
23164,
515,
376,
29888,
1431,
488,
322,
628,
9593,
24899,
936,
322,
11643,
5996,
5855,
29908,
313,
845,
3076,
310,
278,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
17852,
2259,
15612,
5409,
1989,
885,
24258,
511,
746,
23388,
310,
278,
7916,
633,
1509,
21090,
2750,
1075,
29892,
28520,
8052,
670,
1410,
2782,
373,
599,
18139,
29889,
7579,
304,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
24921,
29892,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
1722,
368,
8052,
393,
540,
471,
23723,
2795,
310,
670,
8820,
322,
393,
540,
471,
17762,
304,
27746,
675,
304,
8432,
322,
2244,
363,
18879,
20193,
29889,
450,
3095,
3002,
3614,
278,
883,
310,
263,
5497,
2665,
515,
13798,
322,
20115,
304,
8432,
491,
17852,
27536,
744,
29920,
472,
454,
5977,
316,
425,
27412,
383,
27250,
29892,
263,
5172,
9687,
17545,
708,
297,
16611,
593,
776,
11240,
9641,
29889,
13,
29943,
1624,
360,
10611,
471,
884,
1006,
9102,
630,
491,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
24921,
29889,
8432,
4520,
263,
1473,
5497,
310,
3095,
3002,
515,
278,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
18781,
1058,
5566,
3880,
3654,
363,
670,
10225,
310,
8004,
310,
278,
22161,
5469,
310,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
29915,
29879,
8820,
322,
10225,
310,
4940,
11251,
2562,
363,
8432,
29889,
940,
1497,
540,
750,
4520,
263,
11595,
2062,
326,
392,
515,
670,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
2428,
18930,
1058,
750,
8459,
304,
1207,
278,
18781,
278,
8494,
6490,
885,
481,
2412,
271,
297,
278,
269,
536,
333,
26195,
29889,
13,
29940,
387,
15297,
800,
1546,
27536,
744,
29920,
322,
8432,
7572,
964,
278,
6709,
310,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29929,
29889,
450,
1667,
12070,
292,
1298,
471,
393,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
24921,
5131,
263,
4996,
18161,
16493,
393,
723,
6773,
304,
22134,
8432,
304,
278,
349,
2674,
1535,
29889,
2648,
445,
931,
29892,
3138,
29892,
8432,
5131,
3001,
2775,
749,
515,
670,
4575,
1253,
272,
29889,
13,
29963,
293,
279,
27536,
744,
29920,
12919,
7972,
263,
883,
310,
22874,
362,
304,
4612,
8432,
29915,
29879,
11643,
5996,
7539,
1860,
363,
1023,
2440,
472,
278,
1095,
310,
607,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
24921,
723,
564,
3881,
363,
5684,
2613,
2838,
292,
393,
723,
25135,
23011,
287,
6958,
411,
8432,
29889,
8432,
22225,
278,
5957,
29889,
940,
28705,
393,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
471,
2675,
304,
2125,
2562,
310,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
29892,
25722,
29878,
1061,
310,
278,
17268,
29892,
363,
263,
25423,
29892,
3704,
670,
5716,
322,
7613,
322,
16083,
2562,
29889,
3750,
9273,
29915,
29873,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
472,
3203,
5146,
363,
8432,
29915,
29879,
19119,
9045,
289,
6090,
363,
670,
25423,
29973,
13,
797,
3786,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29929,
29892,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
24921,
297,
9184,
16610,
263,
11706,
1006,
7316,
297,
278,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
1206,
607,
750,
1063,
23454,
322,
8794,
491,
278,
20913,
292,
349,
2674,
403,
310,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
297,
9184,
29892,
341,
29879,
629,
29889,
17993,
438,
29883,
29976,
7485,
29889,
13,
1576,
1842,
24084,
3192,
393,
3237,
29889,
8699,
24770,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
750,
20186,
670,
1410,
2782,
322,
13384,
1083,
272,
344,
363,
670,
8820,
29889,
1126,
393,
11459,
29889,
1174,
14090,
360,
10611,
750,
20186,
670,
2703,
2333,
297,
451,
10259,
1384,
292,
278,
752,
7420,
424,
411,
2861,
4940,
11251,
1373,
537,
29889,
2398,
29892,
540,
5456,
29892,
19813,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
29892,
445,
1258,
451,
14451,
304,
278,
3233,
310,
263,
17268,
1363,
278,
1002,
1082,
310,
27028,
750,
1472,
1065,
714,
373,
738,
7631,
8973,
3158,
29889,
8725,
29892,
727,
471,
304,
367,
694,
6035,
18310,
953,
273,
1218,
515,
278,
478,
271,
2185,
1951,
278,
478,
271,
2185,
756,
694,
24894,
29467,
975,
263,
6568,
4825,
653,
310,
278,
5244,
29889,
13,
29940,
1310,
29899,
1552,
29899,
2222,
29892,
278,
349,
2674,
403,
24084,
3192,
393,
385,
12666,
284,
2933,
515,
278,
349,
2674,
1535,
471,
5181,
472,
445,
931,
785,
777,
17058,
2440,
2678,
29889,
13,
1576,
1842,
805,
14356,
714,
278,
376,
29886,
348,
18310,
29908,
304,
367,
10624,
472,
278,
15463
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| 0.976179 | 0.748168 | 0.642988 | 0.319761 |
o Montoya and the presbyter Doval:
That Bueno Montoya be dismissed from all management positions and training tasks.
That he be prohibited from engaging in any training activity of the Prelature in which youth under 30 take part.
That he be forced to reside "in houses where he cannot deal with young people." [How this arrangement is to be secured is not spelled out. Opus Dei has many programs and activities designed to attract male minors, ages 10 to 17, especially in the poorer neighborhoods of urban areas. Appealing young boys are culled from the herd for numerary and supernumerary fodder. Programs like the Los Pinos Educational Center in the Casavalle quarter of the capital city offer pederasts like Bueno Montoya daily fresh meat.]
That he was advised "to lead a life of prayer and penance imploring God for mercy."
That Doval had receive a formal warning for "omission of due pastoral charity."
That both Bueno Montoya and Doval had written letters of regret.
And finally, Opus Dei was prepared to offer the victim "pastoral accompaniment and professional help."
Daniel Hands Cardinal and Vicar A Garbage Can
At a meeting in the Archdiocesan chancery in which Cardinal Sturia was present, but before Opus Dei Vicar Gonzalez read Msgr. Ocáriz's April decree, Daniel enacted out a plan of his own. In Escriva's Camino "Counsel 592" we read:
Don't forget that you are just a trash can. So, if by any chance the divine gardener should lay his hands on you, and scrub and clean you, and fill you with magnificent flowers, neither the scent nor the colors that beautify your ugliness should make you proud. Humble yourself; don't you know that you are a trash can? (J. Escrivá, The Way, n. 592)
When Daniel handed the trash can over to Gonzalez, his message was clear. Daniel would no longer be a trash can that Opus Dei could piss on with immunity. Opus Dei tells many lies, but its worse lies are those that are covered by the veneer of the inane spiritual axioms found in Camino.
By offering up his public testimony, Daniel invites everyone from Francis down, to come to grips with the path full of thorns than victims face when they seek justice and fair restitution for their lost childhood and youth that they will never recover. Fortunately, God offers victims new opportunities to rebuild their lives using the foundations of their faith to persevere and become whole in Christ once again.
July 17, 2019, Daniel's resistance finally collapsed as discussions became exhausting under the continuous pressure of the Work. He signed an agreement to which he did not totally agree. The Work gave him $12,000 (U.S.) to be made in two installments to finance his psychological treatment for two years with no provision of accountability to Opus Dei officials. Thereafter, any treatment payment would be billed to the Vicar of Opus Dei without any further conditions attached. However, Daniel objected to any and all involvement, however indirect, into his life by the Work. Later, officials capitulated and made arrangements for one of Daniel's brothers to act as an intermediary for him.
Opus Dei Closes the Bueno Montoya Case
On December 19, 2019, the Department of Communication of Opus Dei Uruguay released an official statement prepared by the Prelature's Child Protection Coordinator, Diego Velasco Suárez, closing the Bueno Montoya case.[14]
"With pain and suffering," Opus Dei Prelate Msgr. Fernando Ocáriz announced that following a preliminary investigation, the Prelature affirmed that 81-year-old Opus Dei numerary, Mr. Juan Pablo Bueno Montoya, committed "inappropriate touching" of a minor in 1984, and "sexual harassment" of the same young man in 1989.
The press release then indicated that "the priest Enrique Doval" (not identified as the victim's Opus Dei confessor), was informed by the victim of the sexual abuse, but considered the incidence(s) "
|
[
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
322,
278,
2225,
1609,
357,
360,
10611,
29901,
13,
7058,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
367,
18918,
287,
515,
599,
10643,
11909,
322,
6694,
9595,
29889,
13,
7058,
540,
367,
21460,
1573,
515,
3033,
6751,
297,
738,
6694,
6354,
310,
278,
349,
2674,
1535,
297,
607,
12397,
1090,
29871,
29941,
29900,
2125,
760,
29889,
13,
7058,
540,
367,
11826,
304,
620,
680,
376,
262,
12955,
988,
540,
2609,
5376,
411,
4123,
2305,
1213,
518,
5328,
445,
24628,
338,
304,
367,
26130,
338,
451,
805,
14356,
714,
29889,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
756,
1784,
11104,
322,
14188,
8688,
304,
13978,
14263,
1375,
943,
29892,
24646,
29871,
29896,
29900,
304,
29871,
29896,
29955,
29892,
7148,
297,
278,
6460,
261,
18403,
29879,
310,
17164,
10161,
29889,
2401,
29872,
12818,
4123,
12544,
526,
13949,
839,
515,
278,
902,
29881,
363,
4825,
653,
322,
2428,
8058,
653,
285,
397,
672,
29889,
7835,
29879,
763,
278,
4602,
349,
8226,
7519,
29883,
1288,
7817,
297,
278,
6960,
485,
3498,
12616,
310,
278,
7483,
4272,
5957,
282,
2447,
19416,
763,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
14218,
10849,
27654,
5586,
13,
7058,
540,
471,
594,
11292,
376,
517,
3275,
263,
2834,
310,
27402,
322,
6584,
749,
13374,
8253,
4177,
363,
2778,
1270,
1213,
13,
7058,
360,
10611,
750,
7150,
263,
11595,
9177,
363,
376,
290,
2333,
310,
2861,
4940,
11251,
1373,
537,
1213,
13,
7058,
1716,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
322,
360,
10611,
750,
3971,
8721,
310,
28883,
29889,
13,
2855,
7146,
29892,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
471,
13240,
304,
5957,
278,
28985,
376,
29886,
579,
11251,
18509,
2073,
322,
10257,
1371,
1213,
13,
29866,
379,
4167,
9160,
979,
322,
13423,
279,
319,
7455,
17807,
1815,
13,
4178,
263,
11781,
297,
278,
2595,
6051,
542,
267,
273,
521,
4564,
708,
297,
607,
9160,
979,
624,
26607,
471,
2198,
29892,
541,
1434,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
13423,
279,
27536,
744,
29920,
1303,
341,
29879,
629,
29889,
438,
29883,
29976,
7485,
29915,
29879,
3786,
1602,
929,
29892,
8432,
427,
627,
287,
714,
263,
3814,
310,
670,
1914,
29889,
512,
3423,
699,
1564,
29915,
29879,
5500,
1789,
376,
29907,
1309,
2838,
29871,
29945,
29929,
29906,
29908,
591,
1303,
29901,
13,
10310,
29915,
29873,
9566,
393,
366,
526,
925,
263,
534,
1161,
508,
29889,
1105,
29892,
565,
491,
738,
8825,
278,
25616,
17161,
759,
881,
6568,
670,
6567,
373,
366,
29892,
322,
14387,
431,
322,
5941,
366,
29892,
322,
5445,
366,
411,
29154,
296,
18281,
29892,
9561,
278,
885,
296,
3643,
278,
11955,
393,
6562,
1598,
596,
318,
29887,
1915,
404,
881,
1207,
366,
22314,
29889,
13863,
569,
7535,
29936,
1016,
29915,
29873,
366,
1073,
393,
366,
526,
263,
534,
1161,
508,
29973,
313,
29967,
29889,
3423,
699,
8274,
29892,
450,
5307,
29892,
302,
29889,
29871,
29945,
29929,
29906,
29897,
13,
10401,
8432,
29692,
278,
534,
1161,
508,
975,
304,
27536,
744,
29920,
29892,
670,
2643,
471,
2821,
29889,
8432,
723,
694,
5520,
367,
263,
534,
1161,
508,
393,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
1033,
282,
790,
373,
411,
5198,
6997,
29889,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
10603,
1784,
12185,
29892,
541,
967,
15029,
12185,
526,
1906,
393,
526,
10664,
491,
278,
325,
1600,
261,
310,
278,
297,
1662,
20954,
4853,
29875,
4835,
1476,
297,
5500,
1789,
29889,
13,
2059,
27032,
701,
670,
970,
28523,
2592,
29892,
8432,
2437,
3246,
14332,
515,
5845,
1623,
29892,
304,
2041,
304,
330,
374,
567,
411,
278,
2224,
2989,
310,
266,
1398,
29879,
1135,
6879,
9893,
3700,
746,
896,
16508,
15426,
322,
6534,
1791,
5008,
363,
1009,
5714,
2278,
6614,
322,
12397,
393,
896,
674,
2360,
9792,
29889,
7236,
348,
2486,
29892,
4177,
16688,
6879,
9893,
716,
28602,
1907,
304,
337,
4282,
1009,
12080,
773,
278,
1476,
800,
310,
1009,
10847,
304,
639,
344,
9359,
322,
4953,
3353,
297,
2819,
2748,
1449,
29889,
13,
29967,
11850,
29871,
29896,
29955,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29929,
29892,
8432,
29915,
29879,
17711,
7146,
784,
23384,
408,
5353,
1080,
3897,
27096,
292,
1090,
278,
9126,
12959,
310,
278,
5244,
29889,
940,
8794,
385,
17327,
304,
607,
540,
1258,
451,
14909,
8661,
29889,
450,
5244,
4846,
1075,
395,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
313,
29965,
29889,
29903,
1846,
304,
367,
1754,
297,
1023,
2601,
1860,
304,
1436,
749,
670,
11643,
5996,
14502,
363,
1023,
2440,
411,
694,
25161,
310,
3633,
3097,
304,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
24921,
29889,
1670,
7045,
29892,
738,
14502,
19179,
723,
367,
13181,
839,
304,
278,
13423,
279,
310,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
1728,
738,
4340,
5855,
10959,
29889,
2398,
29892,
8432,
1203,
287,
304,
738,
322,
599,
5297,
29841,
29892,
3138,
26377,
29892,
964,
670,
2834,
491,
278,
5244,
29889,
12699,
29892,
24921,
11934,
7964,
322,
1754,
15196,
4110,
363,
697,
310,
8432,
29915,
29879,
21383,
304,
1044,
408,
385,
1006,
4210,
653,
363,
1075,
29889,
13,
11746,
375,
897,
29875,
2233,
15806,
278,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
11733,
13,
2951,
5846,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29929,
29892,
278,
10317,
310,
22365,
362,
310,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
29233,
5492,
385,
6221,
3229,
13240,
491,
278,
349,
2674,
1535,
29915,
29879,
10517,
14409,
428,
3189,
4194,
1061,
29892,
16879,
12019,
294,
1111,
2166,
29976,
15749,
29892,
14382,
278,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
1206,
7226,
29896,
29946,
29962,
13,
29908,
3047,
6788,
322,
23164,
1699,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
349,
2674,
403,
341,
29879,
629,
29889,
17993,
438,
29883,
29976,
7485,
9326,
393,
1494,
263,
758,
2576,
3821,
22522,
29892,
278,
349,
2674,
1535,
2756,
381,
2168,
393,
29871,
29947,
29896,
29899,
6360,
29899,
1025,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
4825,
653,
29892,
3237,
29889,
8699,
24770,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
29892,
19355,
376,
262,
932,
6649,
403,
6023,
292,
29908,
310,
263,
9461,
297,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29947,
29946,
29892,
322,
376,
14167,
950,
4023,
465,
358,
29908,
310,
278,
1021,
4123,
767,
297,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29947,
29929,
29889,
13,
1576,
3965,
6507,
769,
18694,
393,
376,
1552,
18781,
1174,
14090,
360,
10611,
29908,
313,
1333,
15659,
408,
278,
28985,
29915,
29879,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
1970,
6329,
511,
471,
23388,
491,
278,
28985,
310,
278,
18287,
633,
1509,
29892,
541,
5545,
278,
5528,
5084,
29898,
29879,
29897,
376
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| 0.154819 | 0.605411 | -0.092457 | -0.430311 |
a serious imprudence" not reaching the level of a crime. Further, Duval was found to be lacking in pastoral care of the victim.
The release contained a statement from Bueno Montoya expressing his shame and regret for his actions. He claims he avoided apologizing to the young man (for 30 years) out of fear "of causing more damage."
According to the official statement of the Prelature, Opus Dei officials have determined that the Bueno Montoya matter is not the business of the Congregation for the Doctrine for the Faith as both men involved were laymen not priests. Further the statute of limitations has run out, so further civil and criminal prosecution is prohibited.
The release highlighted Msgr. Ocáriz's April 2019 "disciplinary provisions" against Bueno Montoya enumerated earlier in his article, and stated that Father Doval had received "a formal reprimand" for his omission in failing to offer the victim "due pastoral care."
The two-page release concluded:
We deeply regret the suffering that has been caused, we ask God to give comfort to the affected people, and we confirm our willingness to contribute in whatever we can to the healing of the affected.
Especially, we apologize for the inability we had at the time to understand the seriousness of the facts and to be able to help you on a path of healing, as well as to take the corresponding measures.
In the light of the experience learned in the Church in recent years and the orientations promoted by Pope Francis, today we would act otherwise. Through this release, we renew our commitment to the truth, the priority of victim care, transparency, responsibility for reparation and the promotion of a safe environment for children and adolescents.
Harassment and abuse are a thorn in the heart of the Church and society. We are very sorry for what this situation has added to this suffering. We ask God to be merciful to all of us in these difficult times. We invite you to pray especially for the person affected and, with an attitude of Christian piety, for Mr. Bueno Montoya, of fragile and delicate clinical and psychological health, so that the Lord may have mercy on him.
Diego Velasco Suárez
That Opus Dei apologizes as a corporate entity for failing to understand "the seriousness of the facts" in the Bueno Montoya case indicates to me that the final determination to silence the victim and not report the crime to either the police or ecclesiastical authorities in 1989 was a corporate decision of Opus Dei and not simply the actions of a single misguided individual, aka, Father Enrique Doval.
Daniel sums up the truth of Opus Dei when he says:
They (Opus Dei) had an incredible opportunity to respond divinely, spiritually. They had it. What hurts most is the lie, the emptiness; to keep a lie with impunity, with a speech of spirituality.
No Catholic with any heart can misunderstand the meaning of his words.
[1] Four major articles on the Gaztelueta Case are available at:
http://www.renewamerica.com/columns/engel/180412; http://www.renewamerica.com/columns/engel/180413;
http://www.renewamerica.com/columns/engel/181014; and http://www.renewamerica.com/columns/engel/190212, as well as AKA Catholic at http://akacatholic.com/
[2] The age of consent for boys and girls in Uruguay is 15 years old. However, under Uruguay's Penal Code, charges can be brought to those manipulating minors below the age of 18 into having sexual relations.
[3] Genuflexions "The Tortuous path of a victim of sexual abuse in Opus Dei to try to reach redemption," by Guillermo Draper, December 19-25, 2019, found at Without Fear of Opus Dei" (Google translate). The article is based on an interview with the victim "Daniel."
[11] Every seasoned Opus Dei priest, numerary, director, supernumerary and cooperator in Opus Dei knows the drill when major scandals, especially sexual scandals involving members, are brought to light. Information gathered usually from private talks of members with their
|
[
29874,
10676,
16921,
566,
663,
29908,
451,
20888,
278,
3233,
310,
263,
17268,
29889,
8725,
29892,
5334,
791,
471,
1476,
304,
367,
10225,
292,
297,
4940,
11251,
2562,
310,
278,
28985,
29889,
13,
1576,
6507,
11122,
263,
3229,
515,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
4653,
292,
670,
28503,
322,
28883,
363,
670,
8820,
29889,
940,
16726,
540,
28305,
27746,
5281,
304,
278,
4123,
767,
313,
1454,
29871,
29941,
29900,
2440,
29897,
714,
310,
8866,
376,
974,
10805,
901,
18658,
1213,
13,
7504,
3278,
304,
278,
6221,
3229,
310,
278,
349,
2674,
1535,
29892,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
24921,
505,
10087,
393,
278,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
4383,
338,
451,
278,
5381,
310,
278,
6005,
1727,
362,
363,
278,
1938,
14600,
363,
278,
7748,
389,
408,
1716,
1757,
9701,
892,
6568,
1527,
451,
3691,
9197,
29889,
8725,
278,
1002,
1082,
310,
27028,
756,
1065,
714,
29892,
577,
4340,
7631,
322,
22161,
410,
3471,
918,
338,
21460,
1573,
29889,
13,
1576,
6507,
12141,
287,
341,
29879,
629,
29889,
438,
29883,
29976,
7485,
29915,
29879,
3786,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29929,
376,
2218,
13326,
3821,
1326,
12112,
29908,
2750,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
22447,
630,
8859,
297,
670,
4274,
29892,
322,
8703,
393,
17852,
360,
10611,
750,
4520,
376,
29874,
11595,
2062,
326,
392,
29908,
363,
670,
2703,
2333,
297,
17581,
304,
5957,
278,
28985,
376,
29123,
4940,
11251,
2562,
1213,
13,
1576,
1023,
29899,
3488,
6507,
22834,
29901,
13,
4806,
24344,
28883,
278,
23164,
393,
756,
1063,
8581,
29892,
591,
2244,
4177,
304,
2367,
13016,
304,
278,
15201,
2305,
29892,
322,
591,
9659,
1749,
17762,
2264,
304,
29126,
297,
6514,
591,
508,
304,
278,
540,
12818,
310,
278,
15201,
29889,
13,
29923,
5965,
5584,
29892,
591,
27746,
675,
363,
278,
297,
3097,
591,
750,
472,
278,
931,
304,
2274,
278,
10676,
2264,
310,
278,
17099,
322,
304,
367,
2221,
304,
1371,
366,
373,
263,
2224,
310,
540,
12818,
29892,
408,
1532,
408,
304,
2125,
278,
6590,
15366,
29889,
13,
797,
278,
3578,
310,
278,
7271,
10972,
297,
278,
6291,
297,
7786,
2440,
322,
278,
7769,
800,
21201,
491,
20635,
5845,
29892,
9826,
591,
723,
1044,
6467,
29889,
17044,
445,
6507,
29892,
591,
23011,
1749,
9063,
358,
304,
278,
8760,
29892,
278,
20136,
310,
28985,
2562,
29892,
1301,
862,
3819,
29892,
23134,
363,
337,
862,
362,
322,
278,
22360,
310,
263,
9109,
5177,
363,
4344,
322,
594,
6544,
29883,
1237,
29889,
13,
21972,
465,
358,
322,
633,
1509,
526,
263,
266,
1398,
297,
278,
5192,
310,
278,
6291,
322,
12459,
29889,
1334,
526,
1407,
7423,
363,
825,
445,
6434,
756,
2715,
304,
445,
23164,
29889,
1334,
2244,
4177,
304,
367,
16856,
6845,
304,
599,
310,
502,
297,
1438,
5189,
3064,
29889,
1334,
2437,
568,
366,
304,
12475,
7148,
363,
278,
2022,
15201,
322,
29892,
411,
385,
26309,
310,
6111,
282,
21549,
29892,
363,
3237,
29889,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
29892,
310,
13855,
488,
322,
628,
9593,
24899,
936,
322,
11643,
5996,
9045,
29892,
577,
393,
278,
6171,
1122,
505,
2778,
1270,
373,
1075,
29889,
13,
29928,
9383,
12019,
294,
1111,
2166,
29976,
15749,
13,
7058,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
27746,
7093,
408,
263,
17266,
403,
7855,
363,
17581,
304,
2274,
376,
1552,
10676,
2264,
310,
278,
17099,
29908,
297,
278,
15463,
29877,
2598,
517,
3761,
1206,
14088,
304,
592,
393,
278,
2186,
3683,
3381,
304,
15142,
278,
28985,
322,
451,
3461,
278,
17268,
304,
2845,
278,
10974,
470,
16882,
793,
15736,
936,
21142,
297,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29947,
29929,
471,
263,
17266,
403,
10608,
310,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
322,
451,
3763,
278,
8820,
310,
263,
2323,
3984,
2543,
2618,
5375,
29892,
263,
1335,
29892,
17852,
1174,
14090,
360,
10611,
29889,
13,
29866,
25470,
701,
278,
8760,
310,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
746,
540,
4083,
29901,
13,
15597,
313,
11746,
375,
897,
29875,
29897,
750,
385,
29811,
1821,
15130,
304,
10049,
1933,
262,
873,
29892,
8548,
1474,
29889,
2688,
750,
372,
29889,
1724,
12166,
1372,
1556,
338,
278,
3804,
29892,
278,
953,
415,
3335,
29936,
304,
3013,
263,
3804,
411,
2411,
6997,
29892,
411,
263,
12032,
310,
20954,
537,
29889,
13,
3782,
11865,
411,
738,
5192,
508,
19818,
1689,
278,
6593,
310,
670,
3838,
29889,
13,
29961,
29896,
29962,
12458,
4655,
7456,
373,
278,
15853,
28497,
29884,
1187,
11733,
526,
3625,
472,
29901,
13,
1124,
597,
1636,
29889,
1267,
809,
4183,
983,
29889,
510,
29914,
13099,
29914,
996,
295,
29914,
29896,
29947,
29900,
29946,
29896,
29906,
29936,
1732,
597,
1636,
29889,
1267,
809,
4183,
983,
29889,
510,
29914,
13099,
29914,
996,
295,
29914,
29896,
29947,
29900,
29946,
29896,
29941,
29936,
13,
1124,
597,
1636,
29889,
1267,
809,
4183,
983,
29889,
510,
29914,
13099,
29914,
996,
295,
29914,
29896,
29947,
29896,
29900,
29896,
29946,
29936,
322,
1732,
597,
1636,
29889,
1267,
809,
4183,
983,
29889,
510,
29914,
13099,
29914,
996,
295,
29914,
29896,
29929,
29900,
29906,
29896,
29906,
29892,
408,
1532,
408,
319,
29968,
29909,
11865,
472,
1732,
597,
557,
562,
10047,
29889,
510,
29914,
13,
29961,
29906,
29962,
450,
5046,
310,
20218,
363,
12544,
322,
14000,
297,
29233,
338,
29871,
29896,
29945,
2440,
2030,
29889,
2398,
29892,
1090,
29233,
29915,
29879,
7363,
284,
5920,
29892,
21090,
508,
367,
6296,
304,
1906,
11525,
18099,
1375,
943,
2400,
278,
5046,
310,
29871,
29896,
29947,
964,
2534,
18287,
5302,
29889,
13,
29961,
29941,
29962,
5739,
1137,
2506,
1080,
376,
1576,
323,
441,
17269,
2224,
310,
263,
28985,
310,
18287,
633,
1509,
297,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
304,
1018,
304,
6159,
337,
2310,
683,
1699,
491,
2088,
453,
20772,
16322,
546,
29892,
5846,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29899,
29906,
29945,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29929,
29892,
1476,
472,
13932,
383,
799,
310,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
29908,
313,
14207,
14240,
467,
450,
4274,
338,
2729,
373,
385,
15593,
411,
278,
28985,
376,
29866,
1213,
13,
29961,
29896,
29896,
29962,
7569,
4259,
287,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
18781,
29892,
4825,
653,
29892,
8881,
29892,
2428,
8058,
653,
322,
1302,
6891,
297,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
9906,
278,
4192,
453,
746,
4655,
885,
392,
1338,
29892,
7148,
18287,
885,
392,
1338,
21677,
5144,
29892,
526,
6296,
304,
3578,
29889,
10343,
22229,
5491,
515,
2024,
5969,
2039,
310,
5144,
411,
1009
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| 0.544845 | 0.766337 | 0.438561 | 0.102202 |
spiritual director and/or confessor is passed up a regular chain of command. Under no circumstances would an Opus Dei priest like Fr, Doval made any decision on his own on a sexual abuse case involving Opus Dei members.
[12] Associated Press News, "Victims, accountability on agenda at pope's sex abuse summit," by Nicole Winfield, December 18, 2018 at https://apnews.com/72d62fd96d484805886860ae172fad80.
[13] Romana, No. 63, July-December 2016, p. 353.
[14] The full text of the December 19, 2019 press release in Spanish is available from info.uy@opusdei.org. A google translation can be found HERE
EXPOSÉ: Baltimore in LEAD in parish gay activism
SSPX Letter to Members: Apostasy without consequences?
Bergoglio News Agency
Marie Tageye January 20, 2020
This is a tragic story about "Daniel" and the truly wicked and secret society known as "Opus Dei" (a group that implements all the false ecumenical "reforms of Vat II). This article exemplifies the sodomitical nature of the Novus Ordo church of Vatican II which tolerates such crimes against innocence and covers it up. I think it is done so as to bankrupt and close down formerly Catholic Churches and Diocese. The goal is make people hate the Catholic Church wrongly identify it when really it is the false Novus Ordo Vatican II church of perversion.
Daniel wanted to help what he thought was an important group in the "Catholic Church" and instead he became a victim of was sexual abuse brought him by a Novus Ordo Eclipse. These things happened on a far lesser scale even a 1000 years ago in the Catholic Church but we had great saints then like St. Peter Damian (1007-1092) who implemented the Gregorian Reform in the Church, which dealt with the sin of homosexuality among the clergy of his day stated in Liber Gomorrhianus:
"This vice strives to destroy the walls of one's heavenly motherland and rebuild those of devastated Sodom. Indeed, it violates temperance, kills purity, stifles chastity and annihilates virginity … with the sword of a most infamous union. It infects, stains and pollutes everything; it leaves nothing pure, there is nothing but filth … This vice expels one from the choir of the ecclesiastical host and obliges one to join the energumens and those who work in league with the devil; it separates the soul from God and links it with the demons. This most pestiferous queen of the Sodomites [which is homosexuality] makes those who obey her tyrannical laws repugnant to men and hateful to God … It humiliates at church, condemns at court, defiles in secret, dishonors in public, gnaws at the person's conscience like a worm and burns his flesh like fire… " This sin however was never institutionalized until everything hit the fan after Vatican II. In fact Homosexuality was condemned in the Old Code of Canon Law and Clerics who were caught doing it had the following penalty:
Canon2359 § 2 and 3 of the 1917 Code of Canon Law stated:
§ 2 If an offense against the sixth commandment with minors under sixteen years of age be admitted, or if adultery, rape, bestiality, sodomy, pimping or incest with first degree relations be carried out, they are to be suspended, declared infamous and deprived of every office, benefit, dignity and function that they might have and in the more serious cases, deposed.
§ 3. If they have committed an offense against the sixth commandment in some other way, they are to be coerced with appropriate penalties according to the gravity of the case, not excluding deprivation of office or benefit, especially if they have care of souls.
This vice however Randy Engel has been one of the chief means used by the Vatican II false church to as the Alta Vendita said "would corrupt
|
[
20954,
8881,
322,
29914,
272,
1970,
6329,
338,
4502,
701,
263,
4943,
9704,
310,
1899,
29889,
7634,
694,
14209,
723,
385,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
18781,
763,
4693,
29892,
360,
10611,
1754,
738,
10608,
373,
670,
1914,
373,
263,
18287,
633,
1509,
1206,
21677,
6461,
375,
897,
29875,
5144,
29889,
13,
29961,
29896,
29906,
29962,
6853,
630,
5254,
10130,
29892,
376,
29963,
919,
9893,
29892,
3633,
3097,
373,
946,
8395,
472,
772,
412,
29915,
29879,
7916,
633,
1509,
2533,
2415,
1699,
491,
405,
23249,
8892,
2671,
29892,
5846,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
472,
2045,
597,
481,
15753,
29889,
510,
29914,
29955,
29906,
29881,
29953,
29906,
11512,
29929,
29953,
29881,
29946,
29947,
29946,
29947,
29900,
29945,
29947,
29947,
29953,
29947,
29953,
29900,
3660,
29896,
29955,
29906,
29888,
328,
29947,
29900,
29889,
13,
29961,
29896,
29941,
29962,
6033,
1648,
29892,
1939,
29889,
29871,
29953,
29941,
29892,
5468,
29899,
6185,
1096,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
29892,
282,
29889,
29871,
29941,
29945,
29941,
29889,
13,
29961,
29896,
29946,
29962,
450,
2989,
1426,
310,
278,
5846,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29929,
3965,
6507,
297,
10432,
338,
3625,
515,
5235,
29889,
8631,
29992,
26466,
311,
29875,
29889,
990,
29889,
319,
5386,
13962,
508,
367,
1476,
379,
27267,
13,
5746,
24815,
30062,
29901,
26767,
297,
11060,
3035,
297,
19373,
23852,
5039,
1608,
13,
1799,
29925,
29990,
2803,
357,
304,
341,
13415,
29901,
22468,
8995,
1728,
27721,
29973,
13,
29933,
15064,
468,
5991,
10130,
29353,
13,
23572,
24302,
4099,
5490,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29900,
13,
4013,
338,
263,
25305,
293,
5828,
1048,
376,
29866,
29908,
322,
278,
19781,
281,
17840,
322,
7035,
12459,
2998,
408,
376,
11746,
375,
897,
29875,
29908,
313,
29874,
2318,
393,
10703,
599,
278,
2089,
21226,
14170,
936,
376,
276,
9514,
310,
478,
271,
1944,
467,
910,
4274,
29455,
11057,
278,
20892,
290,
277,
936,
5469,
310,
278,
2864,
375,
1394,
1867,
6586,
310,
478,
271,
2185,
1944,
607,
20341,
1078,
1316,
2181,
1355,
2750,
21458,
663,
322,
18469,
372,
701,
29889,
306,
1348,
372,
338,
2309,
577,
408,
304,
9124,
6685,
322,
3802,
1623,
21510,
11865,
6291,
267,
322,
28403,
968,
29889,
450,
7306,
338,
1207,
2305,
26277,
278,
11865,
6291,
2743,
368,
12439,
372,
746,
2289,
372,
338,
278,
2089,
2864,
375,
1394,
1867,
478,
271,
2185,
1944,
6586,
310,
639,
3259,
29889,
13,
29866,
5131,
304,
1371,
825,
540,
2714,
471,
385,
4100,
2318,
297,
278,
376,
29907,
10047,
6291,
29908,
322,
2012,
540,
3897,
263,
28985,
310,
471,
18287,
633,
1509,
6296,
1075,
491,
263,
2864,
375,
1394,
1867,
15103,
29889,
4525,
2712,
9559,
373,
263,
2215,
3109,
261,
6287,
1584,
263,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29900,
29900,
2440,
8020,
297,
278,
11865,
6291,
541,
591,
750,
2107,
29580,
1372,
769,
763,
624,
29889,
5310,
9865,
713,
313,
29896,
29900,
29900,
29955,
29899,
29896,
29900,
29929,
29906,
29897,
1058,
8762,
278,
12051,
272,
713,
23933,
297,
278,
6291,
29892,
607,
316,
1997,
411,
278,
4457,
310,
3632,
29438,
950,
537,
4249,
278,
28238,
1927,
310,
670,
2462,
8703,
297,
10895,
402,
290,
272,
19046,
713,
375,
29901,
13,
29908,
4013,
11289,
380,
1150,
267,
304,
8174,
278,
14603,
310,
697,
29915,
29879,
18356,
368,
5637,
1049,
322,
337,
4282,
1906,
310,
2906,
579,
630,
317,
397,
290,
29889,
14598,
29892,
372,
5537,
1078,
6238,
749,
29892,
413,
6090,
3708,
537,
29892,
380,
361,
793,
521,
579,
537,
322,
6957,
29882,
309,
1078,
10636,
5359,
537,
16088,
411,
278,
22378,
310,
263,
1556,
3041,
314,
681,
9833,
29889,
739,
3041,
522,
29879,
29892,
380,
2708,
322,
21180,
2667,
4129,
29936,
372,
11308,
3078,
8296,
29892,
727,
338,
3078,
541,
977,
386,
16088,
910,
11289,
1518,
1379,
697,
515,
278,
3060,
381,
310,
278,
16882,
793,
15736,
936,
3495,
322,
10788,
267,
697,
304,
5988,
278,
18190,
398,
575,
322,
1906,
1058,
664,
297,
13225,
411,
278,
29754,
29936,
372,
2903,
1078,
278,
10752,
515,
4177,
322,
2988,
372,
411,
278,
1261,
787,
29889,
910,
1556,
282,
342,
9633,
681,
26624,
310,
278,
317,
397,
290,
3246,
518,
4716,
338,
3632,
29438,
950,
537,
29962,
3732,
1906,
1058,
26449,
902,
7911,
661,
29876,
936,
14243,
1634,
688,
21941,
304,
1757,
322,
298,
22279,
304,
4177,
16088,
739,
3165,
2638,
1078,
472,
6586,
29892,
24905,
1983,
472,
8973,
29892,
822,
5475,
297,
7035,
29892,
270,
728,
265,
943,
297,
970,
29892,
330,
1056,
5652,
472,
278,
2022,
29915,
29879,
27688,
763,
263,
281,
555,
322,
12138,
29879,
670,
28610,
763,
3974,
30098,
376,
910,
4457,
3138,
471,
2360,
12666,
284,
1891,
2745,
4129,
7124,
278,
13524,
1156,
478,
271,
2185,
1944,
29889,
512,
2114,
15089,
29438,
950,
537,
471,
24905,
9571,
297,
278,
8198,
5920,
310,
1815,
265,
7927,
322,
315,
1358,
1199,
1058,
892,
12624,
2599,
372,
750,
278,
1494,
27368,
29901,
13,
6028,
265,
29906,
29941,
29945,
29929,
16683,
29871,
29906,
322,
29871,
29941,
310,
278,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29896,
29955,
5920,
310,
1815,
265,
7927,
8703,
29901,
13,
30152,
29871,
29906,
960,
385,
1283,
1947,
2750,
278,
25963,
1899,
358,
411,
1375,
943,
1090,
4832,
9404,
2440,
310,
5046,
367,
20186,
29892,
470,
565,
594,
352,
22005,
29892,
1153,
412,
29892,
1900,
616,
537,
29892,
20892,
16103,
29892,
282,
6574,
292,
470,
5528,
342,
411,
937,
7426,
5302,
367,
8988,
714,
29892,
896,
526,
304,
367,
8872,
2760,
29892,
8052,
3041,
314,
681,
322,
1401,
1150,
287,
310,
1432,
8034,
29892,
14169,
29892,
18085,
537,
322,
740,
393,
896,
1795,
505,
322,
297,
278,
901,
10676,
4251,
29892,
316,
4752,
29889,
13,
30152,
29871,
29941,
29889,
960,
896,
505,
19355,
385,
1283,
1947,
2750,
278,
25963,
1899,
358,
297,
777,
916,
982,
29892,
896,
526,
304,
367,
1302,
261,
1133,
411,
8210,
6584,
1997,
583,
5034,
304,
278,
20953,
310,
278,
1206,
29892,
451,
429,
22368,
1401,
1150,
362,
310,
8034,
470,
14169,
29892,
7148,
565,
896,
505,
2562,
310,
3669,
3137,
29889,
13,
4013,
11289,
3138,
390,
13910,
29167,
756,
1063,
697,
310,
278,
9087,
2794,
1304,
491,
278,
478,
271,
2185,
1944,
2089,
6586,
304,
408,
278,
838,
941,
478,
355,
2028,
1497,
376,
29893,
483,
1034,
6685
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| -0.344993 | 0.929857 | -0.005486 | -0.828115 |
" Catholic hearts of the clergy and laity and make them "vicious" so that they would no longer know right from wrong. How many Catholic parents sadly, now have homosexual children and now excuse this great sin that cries out to Heaven for vengeance? How many Catholic parents have children who were victims of homosexual pedophilia or pederasty clergy?? Not all in the NO clergy would do such bad things but sadly there are way too many. We even see so called Catholics attending "homosexual weddings" of their relatives and NO Bishops blessing these unions.
But Ms. Engel I hope that someday you will understand here " On December 18, 2018, POPE Francis and organizers of the up-coming February 21-24th Summit on Clerical Abuse of Minors and Other Vulnerable Persons, called for a reform program of "responsibility," "accountability" and "transparency."
that you will understand that Bergoglio is a FALSE POPE and this fraud of the acceptance of Sodomy has been rammed down the throats (the pun intended) has been perpetrated by "who am I to judge Bergoglio" . Who knows- maybe he has had a few temptations that way himself. But no True pope would oversee the approval of false moral teaching and false doctrine on sexual morality even though he himself may do some wicked personal things. What we are seeing today is that whole European so called Catholic Bishop conferences and by high ranking so called "catholic" Cardinals the accept Homosexual unions and behavior. I think the reason is because so many of these wolves in sheep's clothing are homosexuals themselves as you Ms Engel have chronicled the evidence that Paul VI himself was a homosexual. This is the Great Apostasy which Cardinal Oddi tells us is in The Third Secret .
"In the Third Secret it is foretold, among other things, that the great apostasy in the Church will begin at the top."
This is a sad state of affairs but it totally explains the reason for the false Amoris laetitia which is the institutionalization of adultery and sexual immorality by Bergoglio. God says "Thou Shalt NOT commit adultery but Bergoglio gives out " Novus Ordo "communion" for it.
Lynda January 21, 2020
"Homosexuality" is a false, perverse concept. It was introduced, in respect of man, via false paradigms of psychology, sociology, (these disciplines themselves based on false "enlightenment" theories of man, to deny God and our God-given nature), etc. in order to corrupt reason and insidiously make people come to think of it as somehow normal or even natural. Never use the false terms, which the purveyors of any given evil, introduce in order to normalise that evil. Words are critical to how people think and reason and understand. Words can in themselves corrupt, if they contain inherently false premises that conflict with objective truth.
False terms such as "homosexuality" or "homosexual" are replete with false premises, and were never used by the Church or thinking persons until very recent times as those enemies of God deliberately pushed these new, replacement terms, through the Media, Academe, etc., to normalise this intrinsic evil and corrupt people's reason in respect of it. Using the false terms and phrases of the enemy, advances their evil agenda (as is the very purpose of introducing, and exposing people to them continually, barraging people, and especially children with them). One cannot argue rationally against their evil by using their inherently false terms – if one bows to this, one cannot speak the truth and makes no sense, and so is on back foot ab initio.
Man is heterosexual and nothing else – as in man by his nature has two sexes, male and female, and natural sexual union (conjugal union) between man and wife begets the next generation. Anything else is evil and a perversion of nature. Of course, sodomy can occur between a man and woman, when natural sexual relations are perverted. But any kind of sexual relations between persons of the same sex is always necessarily perverse, intrinsically evil.
The introduction and proliferation of false terms in the moral sphere is an especially powerful tool of the Enemy and his servants, without which the evils of e.g. sodomy or murder of innoc
|
[
29908,
11865,
26490,
310,
278,
28238,
1927,
322,
425,
537,
322,
1207,
963,
376,
29894,
14803,
29908,
577,
393,
896,
723,
694,
5520,
1073,
1492,
515,
2743,
29889,
1128,
1784,
11865,
11825,
14610,
368,
29892,
1286,
505,
3632,
29438,
950,
4344,
322,
1286,
5566,
1509,
445,
2107,
4457,
393,
274,
2722,
714,
304,
22977,
363,
6003,
479,
749,
29973,
1128,
1784,
11865,
11825,
505,
4344,
1058,
892,
6879,
9893,
310,
3632,
29438,
950,
8939,
3021,
11836,
470,
282,
2447,
579,
29891,
28238,
1927,
8773,
2216,
599,
297,
278,
11698,
28238,
1927,
723,
437,
1316,
4319,
2712,
541,
14610,
368,
727,
526,
982,
2086,
1784,
29889,
1334,
1584,
1074,
577,
2000,
315,
6347,
1199,
1098,
2548,
376,
9706,
29438,
950,
14837,
29881,
886,
29908,
310,
1009,
14576,
322,
11698,
350,
728,
3554,
17065,
292,
1438,
443,
1080,
29889,
13,
6246,
341,
29879,
29889,
29167,
306,
4966,
393,
1047,
287,
388,
366,
674,
2274,
1244,
376,
1551,
5846,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
29892,
21521,
4162,
5845,
322,
8674,
414,
310,
278,
701,
29899,
11506,
6339,
29871,
29906,
29896,
29899,
29906,
29946,
386,
6991,
2415,
373,
315,
1358,
936,
1976,
1509,
310,
3080,
943,
322,
5901,
478,
352,
1089,
519,
9034,
787,
29892,
2000,
363,
263,
11736,
1824,
310,
376,
26679,
4127,
1699,
376,
10149,
3097,
29908,
322,
376,
3286,
862,
3819,
1213,
13,
5747,
366,
674,
2274,
393,
9827,
468,
5991,
338,
263,
17131,
21521,
4162,
322,
445,
5227,
566,
310,
278,
3544,
749,
310,
317,
397,
16103,
756,
1063,
13472,
2168,
1623,
278,
20961,
1446,
313,
1552,
6035,
9146,
29897,
756,
1063,
25722,
29878,
630,
491,
376,
15970,
626,
306,
304,
16833,
9827,
468,
5991,
29908,
869,
11644,
9906,
29899,
5505,
540,
756,
750,
263,
2846,
25782,
800,
393,
982,
3654,
29889,
1205,
694,
5852,
772,
412,
723,
975,
4149,
278,
2134,
791,
310,
2089,
14731,
18819,
322,
2089,
22542,
373,
18287,
3036,
2877,
1584,
2466,
540,
3654,
1122,
437,
777,
281,
17840,
7333,
2712,
29889,
1724,
591,
526,
8790,
9826,
338,
393,
3353,
7824,
577,
2000,
11865,
16880,
378,
10662,
322,
491,
1880,
24034,
577,
2000,
376,
29883,
10047,
29908,
9160,
19016,
278,
3544,
15089,
29438,
950,
443,
1080,
322,
6030,
29889,
306,
1348,
278,
2769,
338,
1363,
577,
1784,
310,
1438,
20040,
1960,
297,
29735,
29915,
29879,
1067,
6046,
526,
3632,
29438,
27101,
6053,
408,
366,
341,
29879,
29167,
505,
17168,
293,
839,
278,
10757,
393,
3739,
5473,
3654,
471,
263,
3632,
29438,
950,
29889,
910,
338,
278,
7027,
22468,
8995,
607,
9160,
979,
438,
1289,
29875,
10603,
502,
338,
297,
450,
18008,
10213,
869,
13,
29908,
797,
278,
18008,
10213,
372,
338,
363,
300,
1025,
29892,
4249,
916,
2712,
29892,
393,
278,
2107,
18115,
8995,
297,
278,
6291,
674,
3380,
472,
278,
2246,
1213,
13,
4013,
338,
263,
14610,
2106,
310,
19469,
541,
372,
14909,
18568,
278,
2769,
363,
278,
2089,
1913,
29367,
425,
300,
277,
423,
607,
338,
278,
12666,
284,
2133,
310,
594,
352,
22005,
322,
18287,
5198,
272,
2877,
491,
9827,
468,
5991,
29889,
4177,
4083,
376,
1349,
283,
1383,
1997,
6058,
9063,
594,
352,
22005,
541,
9827,
468,
5991,
4076,
714,
376,
2864,
375,
1394,
1867,
376,
2055,
13094,
29908,
363,
372,
29889,
13,
29931,
29891,
299,
29874,
5490,
29871,
29906,
29896,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29900,
13,
29908,
24259,
29438,
950,
537,
29908,
338,
263,
2089,
29892,
639,
3901,
6964,
29889,
739,
471,
9129,
29892,
297,
3390,
310,
767,
29892,
3025,
2089,
26811,
335,
1516,
310,
11643,
3002,
29892,
5374,
3002,
29892,
313,
386,
968,
17119,
1475,
6053,
2729,
373,
2089,
376,
264,
4366,
264,
358,
29908,
25841,
310,
767,
29892,
304,
972,
29891,
4177,
322,
1749,
4177,
29899,
29887,
5428,
5469,
511,
2992,
29889,
297,
1797,
304,
1034,
6685,
2769,
322,
1663,
333,
17365,
1207,
2305,
2041,
304,
1348,
310,
372,
408,
10431,
4226,
470,
1584,
5613,
29889,
12391,
671,
278,
2089,
4958,
29892,
607,
278,
3708,
6950,
943,
310,
738,
2183,
16126,
29892,
14944,
297,
1797,
304,
4226,
895,
393,
16126,
29889,
399,
4339,
526,
12187,
304,
920,
2305,
1348,
322,
2769,
322,
2274,
29889,
399,
4339,
508,
297,
6053,
1034,
6685,
29892,
565,
896,
1712,
7846,
2705,
2089,
5188,
4637,
393,
14529,
411,
12091,
8760,
29889,
13,
8824,
4958,
1316,
408,
376,
9706,
29438,
950,
537,
29908,
470,
376,
9706,
29438,
950,
29908,
526,
337,
552,
371,
411,
2089,
5188,
4637,
29892,
322,
892,
2360,
1304,
491,
278,
6291,
470,
7291,
12407,
2745,
1407,
7786,
3064,
408,
1906,
22595,
310,
4177,
23663,
2486,
18760,
1438,
716,
29892,
16920,
4958,
29892,
1549,
278,
8213,
29892,
319,
6332,
1004,
29892,
2992,
1696,
304,
4226,
895,
445,
11158,
28594,
16126,
322,
1034,
6685,
2305,
29915,
29879,
2769,
297,
3390,
310,
372,
29889,
5293,
278,
2089,
4958,
322,
12216,
2129,
310,
278,
11103,
29892,
3061,
2925,
1009,
16126,
946,
8395,
313,
294,
338,
278,
1407,
6437,
310,
4547,
3277,
29892,
322,
14060,
292,
2305,
304,
963,
2145,
1474,
29892,
2594,
1431,
292,
2305,
29892,
322,
7148,
4344,
411,
963,
467,
3118,
2609,
27754,
364,
362,
635,
2750,
1009,
16126,
491,
773,
1009,
7846,
2705,
2089,
4958,
785,
565,
697,
289,
1242,
304,
445,
29892,
697,
2609,
7726,
278,
8760,
322,
3732,
694,
4060,
29892,
322,
577,
338,
373,
1250,
3661,
633,
2069,
601,
29889,
13,
2517,
338,
25745,
29438,
950,
322,
3078,
1683,
785,
408,
297,
767,
491,
670,
5469,
756,
1023,
7916,
267,
29892,
14263,
322,
12944,
29892,
322,
5613,
18287,
9833,
313,
535,
29926,
688,
284,
9833,
29897,
1546,
767,
322,
6532,
367,
20078,
278,
2446,
12623,
29889,
530,
1541,
292,
1683,
338,
16126,
322,
263,
639,
3259,
310,
5469,
29889,
4587,
3236,
29892,
20892,
16103,
508,
6403,
1546,
263,
767,
322,
6114,
29892,
746,
5613,
18287,
5302,
526,
639,
1765,
287,
29889,
1205,
738,
2924,
310,
18287,
5302,
1546,
12407,
310,
278,
1021,
7916,
338,
2337,
12695,
639,
3901,
29892,
11158,
1144,
1711,
16126,
29889,
13,
1576,
18707,
322,
410,
29880,
9633,
362,
310,
2089,
4958,
297,
278,
14731,
20745,
338,
385,
7148,
13988,
5780,
310,
278,
1174,
6764,
322,
670,
26202,
29892,
1728,
607,
278,
3415,
2719,
310,
321,
29889,
29887,
29889,
20892,
16103,
470,
13406,
310,
21458
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| -0.981464 | 0.382192 | -1.537571 | -1.427034 |
On September 28, 2018, Aviat Networks, Inc. (the "Company") entered into Amendment No. 1 to Third Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement (the "Amendment") by and among the Company, Aviat U.S., Inc. ("Opco"), Aviat Networks (S) Pte. Ltd. (the "Singapore Borrower" and collectively with the Company and Opco, the "Borrowers") and Silicon Valley Bank, as lender (the "Lender"). The Amendment amends the terms of the Company's Third Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of June 29, 2018, as amended, by and among the Borrowers and the Lender (the "Agreement"). Among other things, the Amendment provides for the definition of Quick Assets set forth in the Agreement to be modified to include up to the lesser of (a) 50% of unbilled accounts receivable or (b) $7,000,000.
The foregoing description of the Amendment is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Amendment, a copy of which is attached as Exhibit 10.1 hereto and incorporated herein by reference.
10.1 Amendment No. 1 to Third Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement dated as of September 28, 2018, by and among Aviat Networks, Inc., Aviat U.S., Inc., Aviat Networks (S) Pte. Ltd. and Silicon Valley Bank.
This AMENDMENT NO. 1 TO THIRD AMENDED AND RESTATED LOAN AGREEMENT (this "Amendment"), dated as of September 28, 2018 (the "First Amendment Date"), is entered into among AVIAT NETWORKS, INC., a Delaware corporation (the "Parent"), AVIAT U.S., INC., a Delaware corporation ("Opco", together with Parent, the "US Borrowers" and each a "Borrower"), and AVIAT NETWORKS (S) PTE. LTD., a private company limited by shares formed under the laws of the Republic of Singapore ("Aviat Singapore" or "Singapore Borrower", and together with US Borrowers, the "Borrowers") and SILICON VALLEY BANK ("Bank"). All capitalized terms used in this Amendment and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed to such terms in the Loan Agreement.
A.Borrowers and Bank entered into that certain Third Amended and Restated Loan Agreement dated as of June 29, 2018 (as amended, modified, supplemented or restated from time to time, the "Loan Agreement").
B.Bank has extended credit to Borrowers for the purposes permitted in the Loan Agreement.
C.Borrowers have requested that Bank amend the Loan Agreement to revise certain provisions, as more fully set forth herein.
D.Bank has agreed to so amend certain provisions of the Loan Agreement, but only to the extent, in accordance with the terms, subject to the conditions and in reliance upon the representations and warranties set forth below.
"Quick Assets" is, on any date, Borrowers' consolidated (i) unrestricted cash and Cash Equivalents, (ii) net billed accounts receivable, (iii) investments with Bank with maturities of fewer than twelve (12) months determined according to GAAP, and (iv) the lesser of (a) 50% of unbilled accounts receivable or (b) $7,000,000.
2.1 The amendments set forth in Section 1 hereof shall be limited precisely as written and shall not be deemed (a) to be a forbearance, waiver or modification of any other term or condition of the Loan Agreement or of any other instrument or agreement referred to therein or to prejudice any right or remedy which the Bank may now have or may have in the future under or in connection with the Loan Agreement or any instrument or agreement referred to therein; (b) to be a consent to any future amend
|
[
1551,
3839,
29871,
29906,
29947,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
29892,
319,
1403,
271,
8527,
29879,
29892,
9266,
29889,
313,
1552,
376,
21410,
1159,
7802,
964,
1913,
355,
358,
1939,
29889,
29871,
29896,
304,
18008,
1913,
2760,
322,
11654,
630,
4309,
273,
322,
14223,
4059,
276,
882,
313,
1552,
376,
6833,
355,
358,
1159,
491,
322,
4249,
278,
6938,
29892,
319,
1403,
271,
501,
29889,
29903,
1696,
9266,
29889,
4852,
11746,
1111,
4968,
319,
1403,
271,
8527,
29879,
313,
29903,
29897,
349,
371,
29889,
19806,
29889,
313,
1552,
376,
10873,
481,
487,
6780,
307,
556,
29908,
322,
6314,
3598,
411,
278,
6938,
322,
6461,
1111,
29892,
278,
376,
29933,
22396,
414,
1159,
322,
5664,
4144,
13939,
10253,
29892,
408,
301,
1581,
313,
1552,
376,
29931,
1581,
2564,
450,
1913,
355,
358,
626,
1975,
278,
4958,
310,
278,
6938,
29915,
29879,
18008,
1913,
2760,
322,
11654,
630,
4309,
273,
322,
14223,
4059,
276,
882,
29892,
29797,
408,
310,
5306,
29871,
29906,
29929,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
29892,
408,
626,
2760,
29892,
491,
322,
4249,
278,
6780,
798,
414,
322,
278,
365,
1581,
313,
1552,
376,
29909,
7979,
882,
2564,
17302,
916,
2712,
29892,
278,
1913,
355,
358,
8128,
363,
278,
5023,
310,
26141,
1094,
7224,
731,
11483,
297,
278,
4059,
276,
882,
304,
367,
9120,
304,
3160,
701,
304,
278,
3109,
261,
310,
313,
29874,
29897,
29871,
29945,
29900,
29995,
310,
443,
18152,
839,
15303,
2414,
440,
519,
470,
313,
29890,
29897,
395,
29955,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
29889,
13,
1576,
363,
2412,
292,
6139,
310,
278,
1913,
355,
358,
338,
18698,
297,
967,
4152,
1017,
491,
3407,
304,
278,
2989,
1426,
310,
278,
1913,
355,
358,
29892,
263,
3509,
310,
607,
338,
10959,
408,
1222,
6335,
277,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29889,
29896,
902,
10896,
322,
11039,
630,
1244,
262,
491,
3407,
29889,
13,
29896,
29900,
29889,
29896,
1913,
355,
358,
1939,
29889,
29871,
29896,
304,
18008,
1913,
2760,
322,
11654,
630,
4309,
273,
322,
14223,
4059,
276,
882,
29797,
408,
310,
3839,
29871,
29906,
29947,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
29892,
491,
322,
4249,
319,
1403,
271,
8527,
29879,
29892,
9266,
1696,
319,
1403,
271,
501,
29889,
29903,
1696,
9266,
1696,
319,
1403,
271,
8527,
29879,
313,
29903,
29897,
349,
371,
29889,
19806,
29889,
322,
5664,
4144,
13939,
10253,
29889,
13,
4013,
13862,
11794,
13780,
11698,
29889,
29871,
29896,
7495,
3446,
8193,
29928,
13862,
1430,
2287,
29928,
5300,
16759,
3040,
29928,
11247,
2190,
16369,
1525,
12665,
3919,
313,
1366,
376,
6833,
355,
358,
4968,
29797,
408,
310,
3839,
29871,
29906,
29947,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
313,
1552,
376,
6730,
1913,
355,
358,
4712,
4968,
338,
7802,
964,
4249,
16884,
29902,
1299,
405,
2544,
11686,
17557,
29892,
2672,
29907,
1696,
263,
5556,
28327,
17266,
362,
313,
1552,
376,
9780,
4968,
16884,
29902,
1299,
501,
29889,
29903,
1696,
2672,
29907,
1696,
263,
5556,
28327,
17266,
362,
4852,
11746,
1111,
613,
4208,
411,
22280,
29892,
278,
376,
3308,
6780,
798,
414,
29908,
322,
1269,
263,
376,
29933,
272,
307,
556,
4968,
322,
16884,
29902,
1299,
405,
2544,
11686,
17557,
313,
29903,
29897,
349,
4330,
29889,
365,
24495,
1696,
263,
2024,
5001,
9078,
491,
29358,
8429,
1090,
278,
14243,
310,
278,
8063,
310,
25960,
4852,
29909,
1403,
271,
25960,
29908,
470,
376,
10873,
481,
487,
6780,
307,
556,
613,
322,
4208,
411,
3148,
6780,
798,
414,
29892,
278,
376,
29933,
22396,
414,
1159,
322,
317,
6227,
2965,
1164,
12599,
1307,
29979,
350,
2190,
29968,
4852,
29933,
804,
2564,
2178,
7483,
1891,
4958,
1304,
297,
445,
1913,
355,
358,
322,
451,
6467,
3342,
1244,
262,
4091,
505,
278,
2099,
886,
408,
23059,
304,
1316,
4958,
297,
278,
4309,
273,
4059,
276,
882,
29889,
13,
29909,
29889,
29933,
22396,
414,
322,
10253,
7802,
964,
393,
3058,
18008,
1913,
2760,
322,
11654,
630,
4309,
273,
4059,
276,
882,
29797,
408,
310,
5306,
29871,
29906,
29929,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
313,
294,
626,
2760,
29892,
9120,
29892,
1462,
944,
287,
470,
1791,
630,
515,
931,
304,
931,
29892,
278,
376,
3410,
273,
4059,
276,
882,
2564,
13,
29933,
29889,
29933,
804,
756,
10410,
16200,
304,
6780,
798,
414,
363,
278,
11976,
21905,
297,
278,
4309,
273,
4059,
276,
882,
29889,
13,
29907,
29889,
29933,
22396,
414,
505,
13877,
393,
10253,
626,
355,
278,
4309,
273,
4059,
276,
882,
304,
6664,
895,
3058,
1326,
12112,
29892,
408,
901,
8072,
731,
11483,
1244,
262,
29889,
13,
29928,
29889,
29933,
804,
756,
15502,
304,
577,
626,
355,
3058,
1326,
12112,
310,
278,
4309,
273,
4059,
276,
882,
29892,
541,
871,
304,
278,
15834,
29892,
297,
15017,
749,
411,
278,
4958,
29892,
4967,
304,
278,
5855,
322,
297,
12536,
749,
2501,
278,
22540,
322,
1370,
21867,
583,
731,
11483,
2400,
29889,
13,
29908,
2182,
860,
1094,
7224,
29908,
338,
29892,
373,
738,
2635,
29892,
6780,
798,
414,
29915,
1136,
17211,
630,
313,
29875,
29897,
443,
5060,
4146,
287,
274,
1161,
322,
315,
1161,
11243,
2561,
1237,
29892,
313,
2236,
29897,
7787,
13181,
839,
15303,
2414,
440,
519,
29892,
313,
25609,
29897,
13258,
1860,
411,
10253,
411,
286,
1337,
1907,
310,
28145,
1135,
17680,
313,
29896,
29906,
29897,
7378,
10087,
5034,
304,
402,
29909,
3301,
29892,
322,
313,
440,
29897,
278,
3109,
261,
310,
313,
29874,
29897,
29871,
29945,
29900,
29995,
310,
443,
18152,
839,
15303,
2414,
440,
519,
470,
313,
29890,
29897,
395,
29955,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
29889,
13,
29906,
29889,
29896,
450,
626,
355,
1860,
731,
11483,
297,
9779,
29871,
29896,
1244,
974,
4091,
367,
9078,
17503,
408,
3971,
322,
4091,
451,
367,
316,
22580,
313,
29874,
29897,
304,
367,
263,
19752,
21711,
29892,
281,
1794,
369,
470,
21733,
310,
738,
916,
1840,
470,
4195,
310,
278,
4309,
273,
4059,
276,
882,
470,
310,
738,
916,
11395,
470,
17327,
12992,
304,
727,
262,
470,
304,
758,
17675,
625,
738,
1492,
470,
1083,
7584,
607,
278,
10253,
1122,
1286,
505,
470,
1122,
505,
297,
278,
5434,
1090,
470,
297,
3957,
411,
278,
4309,
273,
4059,
276,
882,
470,
738,
11395,
470,
17327,
12992,
304,
727,
262,
29936,
313,
29890,
29897,
304,
367,
263,
20218,
304,
738,
5434,
626,
355
] | 1,024 |
C4
| -0.969237 | 0.286156 | -1.505293 | -1.602852 |
Far Away in the West
Cartographic Representations of the American West on the Eve of the Mormon Exodus
John C. Frémont's 1843–44 Western Expedition and Its Influence on Mormon Settlement in Utah
The Economic Sacrifice of the Nauvoo Exodus
"The Poorest of the Poor and the Sickest of the Sick": The Luman Andros Shurtliff Poor Camp Rescue
"The Place Which God for Us Prepared": Presettlement Wasatch Range Environment
The Mormon Exodus—as Seen through the Horace K. Whitney Journals
The Mississippi Saints: A Unique Odyssey of Southern Pioneers
Cache Cave: Utah's First Register
Utah's Role in Protecting the Mormon Trail during the Civil War
The Pioneer Trail: Routes of the Iron Horse and the Horseless Carriage
Wilford Wood's Twentieth-Century Treks East: A Visionary's Mission to Preserve Historic Sites
"Lest Thou Forget": Memorializing and Marking the Mormon Pioneer Trail
Far Away in the West: Reflections on the Mormon Pioneer Trail
Edited by Scott C. Esplin, Richard E. Bennett, Susan Easton Black, and Craig K. Manscill
Published by the Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, in cooperation with Deseret Book Company, Salt Lake City.
Visit us at rsc.byu.edu.
© 2015 by Brigham Young University. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America by Sheridan Books, Inc.
DESERET BOOK is a registered trademark of Deseret Book Company.
Visit us at DeseretBook.com.
Any uses of this material beyond those allowed by the exemptions in US copyright law, such as section 107, "Fair Use," and section 108, "Library Copying," require the written permission of the publisher, Religious Studies Center, 185 HGB, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602. The views expressed herein are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the position of Brigham Young University or the Religious Studies Center.
Part 1: Farewell to the City of Joseph
Douglas Seefeldt
John C. Frémont's 1843–44 Western Expedition into Utah and the Mormons in Illinois
Susan Easton Black
Wendy Top
Part 2: Westward to Zion
Terry B. Ball and Spencer Snyder
Richard E. Bennett
David F. Boone
Hank R. Smith
Part 3: Protecting, Developing, and Revisiting the Trail
Utah's Role in Protecting Emigrant Trails during the Civil War
Kenneth L. Alford
The Pioneer Trail and Routes of the Iron Horse and the Horseless Carriage
Richard O. Cowan
Wilford Wood's Twentieth-Century Crossing—and Recrossing—of the Plains: A Collector, His Church, and the Mid-Century Rise in Latter-day Saint Historic Site Consciousness
J. B. Haws
The story of the Mormon exodus from Nauvoo, Illinois, to the valley of the Great Salt Lake still stirs the imagination of writers, artists, historians, and musicians. Letters, diaries, and other manuscript sources that relate to this exciting chapter in history continue to be discovered. When asked to lead a group of professors to revisit the Mormon Trail in 2012, I was frankly taken aback by how many committed scholars continue to discover so much of enduring value on this enduring legacy in Mormon history.
One of the ironies of Mormonism is that although it is an American religion, America has struggled to accept it. In fact, the early history of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints was a long chapter of rejection and persecution. For years after its restoration in upstate New York under the hand of Joseph Smith Jr. in 1830, the Church was on the run from place to place: first
|
[
8413,
319,
1582,
297,
278,
3122,
13,
25233,
12122,
16314,
800,
310,
278,
3082,
3122,
373,
278,
382,
345,
310,
278,
341,
555,
265,
1222,
397,
375,
13,
11639,
315,
29889,
4693,
2249,
609,
29915,
29879,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29946,
29941,
29994,
29946,
29946,
10504,
1222,
9795,
654,
322,
8011,
512,
25044,
663,
373,
341,
555,
265,
317,
1803,
944,
297,
14950,
801,
13,
1576,
12884,
293,
15573,
25193,
310,
278,
26700,
1365,
29877,
1222,
397,
375,
13,
29908,
1576,
3929,
272,
342,
310,
278,
3929,
272,
322,
278,
317,
860,
342,
310,
278,
317,
860,
1115,
450,
365,
7889,
1126,
1883,
1383,
4227,
29880,
2593,
3929,
272,
7259,
2538,
18376,
13,
29908,
1576,
15484,
8449,
4177,
363,
10783,
349,
3445,
1965,
1115,
4360,
1803,
944,
12547,
905,
12146,
16738,
13,
1576,
341,
555,
265,
1222,
397,
375,
30003,
294,
922,
264,
1549,
278,
6912,
815,
476,
29889,
20572,
3801,
435,
2905,
1338,
13,
1576,
24743,
14342,
1372,
29901,
319,
853,
1387,
6715,
952,
7759,
310,
14234,
349,
1421,
414,
13,
10408,
315,
1351,
29901,
14950,
801,
29915,
29879,
3824,
12577,
13,
29965,
29873,
801,
29915,
29879,
1528,
280,
297,
14409,
312,
292,
278,
341,
555,
265,
3201,
309,
2645,
278,
12886,
3362,
13,
1576,
349,
1421,
261,
3201,
309,
29901,
20829,
267,
310,
278,
20492,
6912,
344,
322,
278,
379,
943,
6393,
1704,
9081,
13,
29594,
4006,
10180,
29915,
29879,
8168,
7268,
621,
29899,
23369,
2857,
6479,
2039,
6932,
29901,
319,
478,
2459,
653,
29915,
29879,
18971,
304,
4360,
7143,
17939,
317,
3246,
13,
29908,
29931,
342,
498,
283,
1152,
657,
1115,
19722,
5281,
322,
4485,
292,
278,
341,
555,
265,
349,
1421,
261,
3201,
309,
13,
29943,
279,
319,
1582,
297,
278,
3122,
29901,
9897,
781,
29875,
30166,
30166,
787,
373,
278,
341,
555,
265,
349,
1421,
261,
3201,
309,
13,
3853,
1573,
491,
8075,
315,
29889,
3423,
572,
262,
29892,
6123,
382,
29889,
4111,
20764,
29892,
25914,
6932,
265,
6054,
29892,
322,
28050,
476,
29889,
20594,
29883,
453,
13,
21076,
3726,
491,
278,
16221,
2738,
16972,
7817,
29892,
1771,
1141,
314,
10443,
3014,
29892,
1019,
1365,
29892,
14950,
801,
29892,
297,
1302,
16453,
411,
2726,
261,
300,
6726,
6938,
29892,
27903,
9459,
4412,
29889,
13,
6116,
277,
502,
472,
364,
1557,
29889,
1609,
29884,
29889,
6085,
29889,
13,
30211,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29945,
491,
1771,
1141,
314,
10443,
3014,
29889,
2178,
10462,
21676,
29889,
13,
11816,
287,
297,
278,
3303,
3900,
310,
6813,
491,
17375,
29219,
13730,
29892,
9266,
29889,
13,
2287,
6304,
2544,
16437,
8949,
338,
263,
15443,
1020,
2310,
935,
310,
2726,
261,
300,
6726,
6938,
29889,
13,
6116,
277,
502,
472,
2726,
261,
300,
10967,
29889,
510,
29889,
13,
10773,
3913,
310,
445,
5518,
8724,
1906,
6068,
491,
278,
11875,
1980,
297,
3148,
3509,
1266,
4307,
29892,
1316,
408,
4004,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29955,
29892,
376,
29943,
1466,
4803,
1699,
322,
4004,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29947,
29892,
376,
12284,
14187,
292,
1699,
1996,
278,
3971,
10751,
310,
278,
9805,
261,
29892,
16221,
2738,
16972,
7817,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29945,
379,
7210,
29892,
1771,
1141,
314,
10443,
3014,
29892,
1019,
1365,
29892,
14950,
801,
29871,
29947,
29946,
29953,
29900,
29906,
29889,
450,
8386,
13384,
1244,
262,
526,
278,
23134,
310,
278,
15717,
322,
437,
451,
12695,
2755,
278,
2602,
310,
1771,
1141,
314,
10443,
3014,
470,
278,
16221,
2738,
16972,
7817,
29889,
13,
7439,
29871,
29896,
29901,
383,
598,
5872,
304,
278,
4412,
310,
6936,
13,
29928,
692,
3333,
922,
1389,
2495,
29873,
13,
11639,
315,
29889,
4693,
2249,
609,
29915,
29879,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29946,
29941,
29994,
29946,
29946,
10504,
1222,
9795,
654,
964,
14950,
801,
322,
278,
341,
555,
787,
297,
17066,
13,
29903,
375,
273,
6932,
265,
6054,
13,
29956,
355,
29891,
7488,
13,
7439,
29871,
29906,
29901,
3122,
1328,
304,
796,
291,
13,
29911,
261,
719,
350,
29889,
13402,
322,
1706,
22687,
317,
1460,
672,
13,
25627,
538,
382,
29889,
4111,
20764,
13,
19504,
383,
29889,
1952,
650,
13,
29950,
804,
390,
29889,
7075,
13,
7439,
29871,
29941,
29901,
14409,
312,
292,
29892,
10682,
292,
29892,
322,
830,
1730,
11407,
278,
3201,
309,
13,
29965,
29873,
801,
29915,
29879,
1528,
280,
297,
14409,
312,
292,
2812,
4481,
424,
3201,
2719,
2645,
278,
12886,
3362,
13,
29968,
2108,
621,
365,
29889,
838,
4006,
13,
1576,
349,
1421,
261,
3201,
309,
322,
20829,
267,
310,
278,
20492,
6912,
344,
322,
278,
379,
943,
6393,
1704,
9081,
13,
25627,
538,
438,
29889,
21638,
273,
13,
29594,
4006,
10180,
29915,
29879,
8168,
7268,
621,
29899,
23369,
2857,
11189,
292,
30003,
392,
3599,
2124,
292,
30003,
974,
278,
13494,
1144,
29901,
319,
24930,
272,
29892,
3600,
6291,
29892,
322,
278,
13370,
29899,
23369,
2857,
390,
895,
297,
365,
2620,
29899,
3250,
4107,
17939,
10781,
2138,
8802,
2264,
13,
29967,
29889,
350,
29889,
379,
10467,
13,
1576,
5828,
310,
278,
341,
555,
265,
429,
397,
375,
515,
26700,
1365,
29877,
29892,
17066,
29892,
304,
278,
19599,
310,
278,
7027,
27903,
9459,
1603,
380,
12935,
278,
28038,
310,
23550,
29892,
17906,
29892,
3603,
5834,
29892,
322,
2301,
14722,
29889,
2803,
2153,
29892,
652,
4314,
29892,
322,
916,
27593,
8974,
393,
29279,
304,
445,
5566,
11407,
16385,
297,
4955,
6773,
304,
367,
10943,
29889,
1932,
4433,
304,
3275,
263,
2318,
310,
25718,
943,
304,
23484,
277,
278,
341,
555,
265,
3201,
309,
297,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29906,
29892,
306,
471,
2524,
29895,
368,
4586,
633,
547,
491,
920,
1784,
19355,
1364,
324,
1503,
6773,
304,
6523,
577,
1568,
310,
1095,
3864,
995,
373,
445,
1095,
3864,
25000,
297,
341,
555,
265,
4955,
29889,
13,
6716,
310,
278,
13977,
583,
310,
341,
555,
265,
1608,
338,
393,
5998,
372,
338,
385,
3082,
13433,
29892,
6813,
756,
10205,
839,
304,
3544,
372,
29889,
512,
2114,
29892,
278,
4688,
4955,
310,
450,
6291,
310,
13825,
2819,
310,
365,
2620,
29899,
3250,
14342,
1372,
471,
263,
1472,
16385,
310,
337,
6929,
322,
639,
3471,
918,
29889,
1152,
2440,
1156,
967,
1791,
12418,
297,
701,
3859,
1570,
3088,
1090,
278,
1361,
310,
6936,
7075,
13843,
29889,
297,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29941,
29900,
29892,
278,
6291,
471,
373,
278,
1065,
515,
2058,
304,
2058,
29901,
937
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| 0.742511 | 0.636558 | 1.20606 | 1.35696 |
New York, then Kirtland, Ohio; Independence, Missouri; Nauvoo, Illinois; and finally Salt Lake City, Utah. Scholars have long argued over what poisoned the mix. Perhaps it was the radical claim of being the only true and restored church upon the earth. Or its ardent belief in the Book of Mormon and other scriptures besides the Bible. Many Americans came to believe that the allegiance of most early Saints was more to the prophet of their church than to the president of the United States, more to revealed scripture than to the American Constitution. There may have been too much talk of a kingdom of God for a republic of the people to accept. There was also the matter of a clash of cultures when a large concentration of Latter-day Saint "Yankees" moved to the slave state of Missouri in the early 1830s, and instead of establishing their Zion, they created a climate of suspicion and unrest that eventually led to their undoing. Mormons could not have chosen a more difficult time, a less promising place, and a more unwelcoming people than in Missouri.
The tragic expulsion of the Mormons from Missouri in that cruel winter of 1838–39, under the threat of extermination as decreed by Governor Lilburn W. Boggs, led to the forced three hundred-mile march of some eight thousand Mormons from the far west of Missouri to the eastern banks of the Mississippi to the more accepting state of Illinois. There, for the next seven years, the Mormons finally established a home in their beloved Nauvoo, where they hoped to build a permanent settlement and live and worship as they pleased. By 1844 some twelve thousand Latter-day Saints from the eastern United States, Canada, and Great Britain were crowding into their new surroundings in Nauvoo. And, for a while, their future looked promising.
But by 1844, the Saints were again facing ardent persecution from without and dissension from within. Many in Missouri continued to hold grievances against them and plotted to reclaim the Mormon Prophet. Nauvoo was becoming an economic powerhouse, causing other river towns, like Warsaw, to lose valuable business. And when talk began to surface that Joseph Smith and a few other Mormon leaders were secretly practicing polygamy, many former friends turned suspicious. "Saintly scoundrels" such as John C. Bennett, former mayor of Nauvoo, falsely charged that the city militia—the Nauvoo Legion—was plotting militarily against the very existence of the nation. When Joseph Smith announced in 1844 that he would seek the presidency of the United States, his critics branded him a political and religious megalomaniac, a prophet without constraint. In short, the anti-Mormon press tried hard to label Mormonism as anti-American, anti-Christian, and anti-family—a lethal triplet of unfounded charges that nonetheless led to the murder of Joseph Smith and his brother Hyrum in Carthage Jail in June 1844.
While some others laid claim to Smith's mantle of prophetic leadership, Brigham Young and the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles eventually held sway. As shrewd a leader as he was sympathetic to the plights of his people, "Brother Brigham" knew that there was no future for the Church in Illinois. By 1845 he was quietly laying plans for a departure west to some new home far away where the Saints could finally live in peace. Faced with the threat of his own assassination; the possible interference with the Saints' westward march by the United States Army of the West, who was suspicious of the people's true intentions; and potential defections in greater numbers, Brigham Young began to lead his people out of Nauvoo in the teeth of a very cold February of 1846. His plan was to reach Council Bluffs on the Missouri River in a matter of weeks, establish farms and way stations at Grand Island and elsewhere in what is today Nebraska, and send a speedy vanguard company of pioneers over the mountains to some large valley all in 1846, the "Year of Decision," as Bernard De Voto once termed it.
But alas, it was not to be. Brigham Young could escape from his enemies, but he could never get away from his followers. Instead of an express vanguard company of one or two hundred handpicked pioneers, some
|
[
1570,
3088,
29892,
769,
476,
2728,
1049,
29892,
15821,
29936,
28052,
663,
29892,
19171,
29936,
26700,
1365,
29877,
29892,
17066,
29936,
322,
7146,
27903,
9459,
4412,
29892,
14950,
801,
29889,
1102,
324,
1503,
505,
1472,
28705,
975,
825,
27908,
287,
278,
6837,
29889,
11637,
372,
471,
278,
24818,
5995,
310,
1641,
278,
871,
1565,
322,
23119,
6586,
2501,
278,
8437,
29889,
1394,
967,
564,
25873,
17750,
297,
278,
6726,
310,
341,
555,
265,
322,
916,
2471,
1973,
18034,
278,
21958,
29889,
9267,
23035,
2996,
304,
4658,
393,
278,
16831,
8837,
310,
1556,
4688,
14342,
1372,
471,
901,
304,
278,
27953,
300,
310,
1009,
6586,
1135,
304,
278,
6673,
310,
278,
3303,
3900,
29892,
901,
304,
17845,
2471,
545,
1135,
304,
278,
3082,
20063,
29889,
1670,
1122,
505,
1063,
2086,
1568,
5193,
310,
263,
20748,
310,
4177,
363,
263,
23925,
310,
278,
2305,
304,
3544,
29889,
1670,
471,
884,
278,
4383,
310,
263,
1067,
1161,
310,
4185,
1973,
746,
263,
2919,
26702,
310,
365,
2620,
29899,
3250,
4107,
376,
29979,
273,
446,
267,
29908,
6153,
304,
278,
19532,
2106,
310,
19171,
297,
278,
4688,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29941,
29900,
29879,
29892,
322,
2012,
310,
10127,
292,
1009,
796,
291,
29892,
896,
2825,
263,
23622,
310,
8872,
15353,
322,
443,
5060,
393,
10201,
5331,
304,
1009,
563,
29877,
292,
29889,
341,
555,
787,
1033,
451,
505,
10434,
263,
901,
5189,
931,
29892,
263,
3109,
2504,
5921,
2058,
29892,
322,
263,
901,
18500,
295,
11506,
2305,
1135,
297,
19171,
29889,
13,
1576,
25305,
293,
1518,
25381,
310,
278,
341,
555,
787,
515,
19171,
297,
393,
24116,
13851,
310,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29941,
29947,
29994,
29941,
29929,
29892,
1090,
278,
28469,
310,
429,
18821,
362,
408,
9263,
287,
491,
15431,
28624,
18712,
399,
29889,
15872,
3174,
29892,
5331,
304,
278,
11826,
2211,
6893,
29899,
26763,
8575,
310,
777,
9475,
10405,
341,
555,
787,
515,
278,
2215,
5833,
310,
19171,
304,
278,
18632,
24388,
310,
278,
24743,
304,
278,
901,
25967,
2106,
310,
17066,
29889,
1670,
29892,
363,
278,
2446,
9881,
2440,
29892,
278,
341,
555,
787,
7146,
7841,
263,
3271,
297,
1009,
1339,
8238,
26700,
1365,
29877,
29892,
988,
896,
24936,
304,
2048,
263,
17667,
16493,
322,
5735,
322,
26320,
408,
896,
22301,
29889,
2648,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29946,
29946,
777,
17680,
10405,
365,
2620,
29899,
3250,
14342,
1372,
515,
278,
18632,
3303,
3900,
29892,
7400,
29892,
322,
7027,
14933,
892,
11660,
8497,
964,
1009,
716,
8388,
618,
886,
297,
26700,
1365,
29877,
29889,
1126,
29892,
363,
263,
1550,
29892,
1009,
5434,
5148,
2504,
5921,
29889,
13,
6246,
491,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29946,
29946,
29892,
278,
14342,
1372,
892,
1449,
14870,
564,
25873,
639,
3471,
918,
515,
1728,
322,
16317,
2673,
515,
2629,
29889,
9267,
297,
19171,
7572,
304,
4808,
867,
10384,
2925,
2750,
963,
322,
715,
15048,
304,
1162,
8342,
278,
341,
555,
265,
1019,
561,
300,
29889,
26700,
1365,
29877,
471,
14171,
385,
17407,
3081,
8697,
29892,
10805,
916,
8580,
20248,
29892,
763,
9149,
1450,
29892,
304,
14074,
21114,
5381,
29889,
1126,
746,
5193,
4689,
304,
7101,
393,
6936,
7075,
322,
263,
2846,
916,
341,
555,
265,
20251,
892,
7035,
368,
4120,
18499,
1248,
4790,
25934,
29892,
1784,
4642,
7875,
6077,
8872,
14803,
29889,
376,
22211,
368,
885,
618,
2674,
29879,
29908,
1316,
408,
2259,
315,
29889,
4111,
20764,
29892,
4642,
9105,
310,
26700,
1365,
29877,
29892,
285,
1338,
873,
20139,
393,
278,
4272,
5549,
423,
30003,
1552,
26700,
1365,
29877,
5682,
291,
30003,
11102,
6492,
1259,
15222,
2354,
2750,
278,
1407,
10379,
310,
278,
5233,
29889,
1932,
6936,
7075,
9326,
297,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29946,
29946,
393,
540,
723,
16508,
278,
28282,
1270,
310,
278,
3303,
3900,
29892,
670,
28431,
14982,
287,
1075,
263,
8604,
322,
12962,
4508,
284,
2480,
13544,
29892,
263,
27953,
300,
1728,
7276,
29889,
512,
3273,
29892,
278,
9418,
29899,
29924,
555,
265,
3965,
1898,
2898,
304,
3858,
341,
555,
265,
1608,
408,
9418,
29899,
14689,
29892,
9418,
29899,
18687,
713,
29892,
322,
9418,
29899,
11922,
30003,
29874,
454,
386,
284,
21954,
29873,
310,
29395,
7261,
21090,
393,
1661,
621,
6393,
5331,
304,
278,
13406,
310,
6936,
7075,
322,
670,
8099,
379,
4316,
398,
297,
1704,
386,
482,
435,
737,
297,
5306,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29946,
29946,
29889,
13,
8809,
488,
777,
4045,
12341,
5995,
304,
7075,
29915,
29879,
13694,
280,
310,
27953,
7492,
26001,
29892,
1771,
1141,
314,
10443,
322,
278,
751,
17220,
310,
278,
8168,
13841,
22468,
793,
10201,
4934,
269,
1582,
29889,
1094,
528,
3973,
29881,
263,
11822,
408,
540,
471,
17520,
7492,
304,
278,
715,
5861,
310,
670,
2305,
29892,
376,
29857,
721,
1771,
1141,
314,
29908,
6363,
393,
727,
471,
694,
5434,
363,
278,
6291,
297,
17066,
29889,
2648,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29946,
29945,
540,
471,
25970,
6568,
292,
13900,
363,
263,
25619,
5833,
304,
777,
716,
3271,
2215,
3448,
988,
278,
14342,
1372,
1033,
7146,
5735,
297,
10776,
29889,
14184,
287,
411,
278,
28469,
310,
670,
1914,
20105,
3381,
29936,
278,
1950,
1006,
1659,
411,
278,
14342,
1372,
29915,
5833,
1328,
8575,
491,
278,
3303,
3900,
8811,
310,
278,
3122,
29892,
1058,
471,
8872,
14803,
310,
278,
2305,
29915,
29879,
1565,
7609,
1080,
29936,
322,
7037,
8686,
1953,
297,
7621,
3694,
29892,
1771,
1141,
314,
10443,
4689,
304,
3275,
670,
2305,
714,
310,
26700,
1365,
29877,
297,
278,
25287,
310,
263,
1407,
11220,
6339,
310,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29946,
29953,
29889,
3600,
3814,
471,
304,
6159,
8831,
3164,
3096,
29879,
373,
278,
19171,
6163,
297,
263,
4383,
310,
11405,
29892,
10127,
2215,
1516,
322,
982,
16355,
472,
6265,
7935,
322,
17551,
297,
825,
338,
9826,
19288,
29878,
16191,
29892,
322,
3638,
263,
6210,
29891,
325,
2375,
538,
5001,
310,
29323,
414,
975,
278,
19223,
304,
777,
2919,
19599,
599,
297,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29946,
29953,
29892,
278,
376,
12883,
310,
3826,
2459,
1699,
408,
13337,
897,
478,
3747,
2748,
1840,
287,
372,
29889,
13,
6246,
394,
294,
29892,
372,
471,
451,
304,
367,
29889,
1771,
1141,
314,
10443,
1033,
10169,
515,
670,
22595,
29892,
541,
540,
1033,
2360,
679,
3448,
515,
670,
1101,
414,
29889,
8669,
310,
385,
4653,
325,
2375,
538,
5001,
310,
697,
470,
1023,
6893,
1361,
29886,
17840,
29323,
414,
29892,
777
] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| 1.367435 | 1.007725 | 1.643607 | 0.802944 |