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For those with COPD, nutritious foods are vital to staying healthy, as a poor diet can cause difficulties when breathing. Your body uses the food you eat as fuel to function and do daily activities and without good food, your body can lack fuel. By eating the right nutritious foods, you provide your body with the fuel it needs to function properly. No individual food will provide you with all the nutrients your body needs, but with a mixed diet, the variety of food can provide everything you would need. Your medical team will likely discuss the importance of nutrition and help you determine a diet that will work for you. If that doesn’t seem like enough for you, try and meet with a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) to go over what you need and what foods you can get that from. When meeting with an RDN, include the foods you like eating, what foods you do not like eating, your exercise routine and any health/dietary issues you may have. Food and Breathing Health Your body changes the food you eat into fuel to run your body, this is your metabolism. Your metabolism preforms a chemical process that breaks down food and turns it into useful fuel that helps the body function. Oxygen and food are consumed, and the body turns those materials into energy and carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is a waste product expelled by our bodies, we often exhale carbon dioxide. Weighting yourself is often associated as a negative thing, as many worry about the number on the scale, but it can do good. Regularly checking your weight can give way to any weight changes, including gaining or losing weight. Additional health complications can arise when an individual is underweight or overweight. A healthy body can also help fight off infections, which is very important for those with COPD. When picking foods, focusing on healthy alternative is very important. Complex carbohydrates are good for you (in quantity), these can include whole-grain breads, pasta, fresh fruits and fresh vegetables. If you are over your goal weight, focus on eating more fresh fruits and vegetables versus bread and pasta. If you need to gain weight, eating a variety of whole-grain carbohydrates on top of fresh fruits and vegetables can help. Carbohydrates that are not recommended are table sugar, candy, cake and soft drinks. These forms of carbohydrates are not digested regularly and often turn into fat in the body. Fiber should be limited to 20-30 grams each day, as too much fiber can prevent normally bodily function. Fibrous foods such as bread, pasta, nuts, seeds, fruits and vegetables are all great sources of fiber. Protein is also vital in a nutritious diet, as this help with muscle strength and in those with COPD muscle strength in the lungs may actually be weaker. Forms of good protein include milk, eggs, cheese, meat, fish, poultry, nuts, dried beans and peas. If you need to lose weight, eating low-fat sources of protein (lean meats and low-fat dairy) can help do that. Gaining weight will require higher fat content of foods, whole milks, whole fat cheese and whole fat yogurt. It is important to pick mono- and poly-unsaturated fats over other forms of fats (trans and saturated fats). Mono- and poly-saturated fats do not contain cholesterol and are found from plants versus produced. Fats such as canola, safflower and corn oils are all good options in order to reduce the amount of trans and saturated fats. If you need to lose weight, limit the amount of fats you intake (mono-, poly-, trans and saturated). If you need to gain weight, bring in more fats to your diet (only mono- and poly-unsaturated). Limit your intake of trans and saturated fats, which are butter, lard, fat, skin from meats, hydrogenated vegetable oils, shortening, fried foods, cookies, crackers and pastries. Supplements for Your Lung Health A lot of the population takes a multivitamin, but that might not be enough on its own. Many with COPD often take steroids to help with their lungs, but long-term steroid use can cause a need for more calcium. Taking a calcium supplement (with vitamin D) can help reduce the lack of calcium in the body. A high amount of sodium in the body can cause swelling (edema) in the body which can then increase blood pressure. If you have high blood pressure, speak with your doctor about the amount of sodium you should be having every day. You can also discuss this with your RDN about what herbs and spices you should be using instead. Drinking fluids is another key for those with COPD, as it can help thin and reduce the mucus in the body. You should also speak to your doctor about how much water you should be drinking every day. The average goal is to drink 6 to 8 glasses of water every day, over the course of the day. A good tool is to fill a pitcher of water (how much you are supposed to drink in a day) and continue to refill a glass of water until you drink it all. Healthy and caffeine-free drinks can count towards your daily fluid goal, but water should be your main source of fluid. You may have difficulty trying to meet your nutritional needs with the foods you eat every day, and it can be more difficult if you need a lot of calories. If you are unable to meet your nutritional needs, your doctor may recommend a liquid drink that is a supplement for your nutritional needs. For many with COPD, maintaining nutritional levels in the body can be difficult, it is possible that they don’t even know that their levels are too low or too high. When meeting with your doctor or RDN it is important to discuss how you feel on a daily basis (i.e. sluggish, tired or sore). Your daily feelings can help determine if you are lacking certain foods in your diet or if you may just need other supplements to help. Nutrition is very important for those with COPD as it can play a role in how you feel daily, and it can help keep lung function at its highest.
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Well child check Also known as: Well-child exam, Well-child visits During a well-child visit, a doctor examines your child and asks you questions about your child's development and behavior. Immunizations also are either given or scheduled at this time. A child should have regularly scheduled checkups, often called well-child visits, beginning shortly after birth. These appointments allow your doctor to keep a close eye on your child's general health and development.
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Are There Different Chords for Each Mode? Question by Chris Hi there I would like to know if there is a different triad chord for the different modes. If you are playing in the key of C, will you use the same chord triads Cmaj; Dmin; Emin; Fmaj; Gmaj; Amin; Bdim or are there other chords based on the different modes? If you use the 3rd mode, phrygian, and you put the notes into triads will you use the same chords or will there be some extra chords that derive from that scale in the key of C, or will the chords that you derive from that scale be in the key of E? Maybe this is a very stupid question and I say sorry for that, but I am really not sure. Harmonizing the Modes Chris, no this is not a stupid question. In fact it's a fairly complex question that many musicians have when they start learning about modes The easiest way to think of it is to start by assigning a relative position for each mode to the scale. You probably already know this... 1 = Ionian (Major scale) 2 = Dorian 3 = Phrygian 4 = Lydian 5 = Mixolydian 6 = Aeolian (Natural minor scale) 7 = Locrian As each mode has a relative chord from the harmonized scale, we can also use these assigned numbers to find the correct sequence of chords for a given mode. Using the C major/Ionian scale as our example, and it's whole/half step formula (W W H W W W H)Cmaj If we wanted to harmonize the Phrygian mode (3rd mode), we'd start the sequence from the 3rd chord. In other words, the 3rd chord would become the tonic of the scale...Em If we wanted to harmonize the Mixolydian mode (5th mode), the 5th chord would become the tonic...Gmaj Once you're confident with finding the relative chords for each mode in C major, based on the interval formula, try finding the same sequence of chords using the same C tonic for each mode. For example, based on its formula, Phrygian from the tonic of C would be...Cm The relative major scale/Ionian root would be Abmaj. Mixolydian from that same C tonic would be...Cmaj The relative major scale/Ionian chord would be Fmaj. (Tip: the Ionian chord always follows the diminished chord in the scale). So we use all the same chords as we would if we'd harmonized the major scale, just starting from that mode's degree in the scale. There are no extra chords to think about, just different "starting positions" in the major scale based on your chosen mode's assigned number in the sequence. Hope this answers your question Chris, but if you need any clarification, use the comments link below.
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🔼The name Absalom in the Bible Absalom is a son of Israel's king David with Maacah (2 Samuel 3:3). His half-brother Amnon, son of Ahinoam, rapes Absalom's full sister Tamar and Absalom has him killed (2 Samuel 13:28). He rebels against the king and manages to take Jerusalem (15:37), also because the whole city was empty (v17), except perhaps for David's concubines (16:21). Absalom is killed by David's general Joab (2 Samuel 18). 🔼Etymology of the name Absalom The name Absalom is generally spelled אבשלום, but in the second half of 2 Samuel it's mostly written as אבשלם, which is pronounced the same and means the same as well. Both versions of the name Absalom consist of the same two elements. The first part consists of the word אב (ab), meaning father: The second part of the name Absalom comes from the familiar Hebrew word שלום (shalom), meaning peace, which in turn comes from the root-verb שלם (shalem), meaning to be complete or sound: Strictly spoken, the name Absalom means The Father Is Peace. But for a meaning of the name Absalom, both NOBSE Study Bible Name List and Jones' Dictionary of Old Testament Proper Names propose The Father Of Peace. BDB Theological Dictionary reads My Father Is Peace, because they apparently assume that the name Absalom is a shortened version of the name Abishalom, which actually means My Father Is Peace. But Absalom lacks the letter י (yod) that would create either the my-part or the of-part.
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- Open Access - Open Peer Review Impact of diabetes mellitus on life expectancy and health-adjusted life expectancy in Canada © Loukine et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012 - Received: 3 August 2011 - Accepted: 11 April 2012 - Published: 24 April 2012 The objectives of this study were to estimate life expectancy (LE) and health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) for Canadians with and without diabetes and to evaluate the impact of diabetes on population health using administrative and survey data. Mortality data from the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System (2004 to 2006) and Health Utilities Index data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (2000 to 2005) were used. Life table analysis was applied to calculate LE, HALE, and their confidence intervals using the Chiang and the adapted Sullivan methods. LE and HALE were significantly lower among people with diabetes than for people without the disease. LE and HALE for females without diabetes were 85.0 and 73.3 years, respectively (males: 80.2 and 70.9 years). Diabetes was associated with a loss of LE and HALE of 6.0 years and 5.8 years, respectively, for females, and 5.0 years and 5.3 years, respectively, for males, living with diabetes at 55 years of age. The overall gains in LE and HALE after the hypothetical elimination of prevalent diagnosed diabetes cases in the population were 1.4 years and 1.2 years, respectively, for females, and 1.3 years for both LE and HALE for males. The results of the study confirm that diabetes is an important disease burden in Canada impacting the female and male populations differently. The methods can be used to calculate LE and HALE for other chronic conditions, providing useful information for public health researchers and policymakers. - Life expectancy - Health-adjusted life expectancy - Diabetes mellitus - Health utilities index - Summary measure of population health In 2006, approximately 2 million Canadians aged 1 year and older (6.2% of the total population) had diagnosed diabetes (type 1 and type 2) . The number of Canadians with diagnosed diabetes increased by about 651,000 for the period of 2001 to 2006 and is projected to reach almost 2.8 million in 2012. Diabetes increases the risk of developing other life-threatening diseases such as heart attack, stroke, or kidney failure. This leads to poor health, premature mortality, and to a reduction of life expectancy (LE) and health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE). Even though the mortality among people with diagnosed diabetes is decreasing due to better diabetes care, it still remains high. The decrease in mortality means an increase in longevity but does not necessarily lead to an increase of the number of healthy years in a person’s life. Over the long term, living with diabetes decreases quality of life and increases the use of health care services. Therefore, it is important to monitor the gap between LE and HALE to see if programs and policies are positively impacting a life in good health by narrowing the gap or if modifications are required. HALE is a summary measure of population health (SMPH). While LE is the average number of years a person is expected to live, HALE is life expectancy weighted or adjusted for the level of health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Morbidity and mortality data are combined into one single indicator of population health that indicates the average time that a person could expect to live in full health. A comparison of disparities in LE and HALE for populations of people with and without diabetes, an assessment of the loss and gain in LE and HALE, and the proportion of life lived in poor health among different cohorts can provide a comprehensive picture of the current impact of diabetes. Very few studies provide estimates of the impact of diabetes on population health using a SMPH. In Canada, Manuel et al. and Sikdar et al. estimated diabetes-deleted life expectancy and the gain in LE after a hypothetical removal of diabetes-related deaths using a cause-deleted method. Results for LE and HALE for individuals with and without diabetes were published for Ontario, a province of Canada, by Manuel et al. [4–6]. Different aspects of diabetes-related life expectancy were studied in the United States. Narayan et al. estimated the lifetime probability of developing diabetes, life-years lost, and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) lost associated with diabetes using a Markov chain model . Cunningham et al. estimated diabetes–free life expectancy using the multiple-decrement life table method . This is the first population-based study of the impact of diabetes on LE and HALE in Canada using administrative data collected by the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System (CCDSS) and Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) data. We estimated LE and HALE for individuals with and without diagnosed diabetes, the gain in LE after hypothetical elimination of diabetes using a proposed disease-deleted method, and the loss in LE and HALE associated with diagnosed diabetes in Canada. HALE is a composite indicator that combines morbidity and mortality into a single statistic. Mortality data from the CCDSS were used to estimate age- and sex-specific mortality rates. While mortality and population counts are sufficient for calculating LE, a measure of HRQOL is also needed to estimate HALE, its variance, and corresponding 95% confidence intervals. This measure was estimated by using the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI3) from the CCHS. The HUI3 is a suitable instrument for population-based health status evaluation for type 2 diabetes . Distinguishing Canadians with and without diagnosed diabetes and estimating their mortality rates The CCDSS is a collaborative network of provincial and territorial chronic disease surveillance systems, supported by the Public Health Agency of Canada . It was created to broaden the scope of information about the burden of chronic diseases in Canada so that policymakers, researchers, health practitioners, and the general public could make better public and personal health decisions. The CCDSS uses data from various population-based sources in order to estimate the prevalence, incidence, mortality, and the utilization of health care services related to diabetes and other chronic diseases. In each province and territory, the health insurance registry database is linked to the physician billing and hospitalization databases to identify evidence of diabetes care for residents of Canada who have used the Canadian health care system. The CCDSS represents almost the entire Canadian population, excluding full-time members of the Canadian Forces, the Royal Canadian Mountain Police, and individuals in federal correctional facilities. It is assumed that a person had diagnosed diabetes if there is sufficient evidence of use of the health care system due to diabetes. The minimum requirement is at least one hospitalization or two physician claims over a two-year period with the specific code(s) for diabetes in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) (ICD-9 codes 250; ICD-10 codes E10–E14) [11, 12]. The CCDSS collects data for Canadians aged 1 year and older. For Canadians with and without diagnosed diabetes, age-specific mortality rates for all causes of death were estimated using the CCDSS. Age-specific mortality rates for persons with and without diagnosed diabetes were used to calculate LE and HALE. As a measure of HRQOL, the HUI3 from three CCHS data files were used for this study: (1) cycle 1.1 2000/2001 share file ; (2) cycle 2.1 2003 subsample 1 file ; and (3) cycle 3.1 2005 subsample 1 file . The CCHS is a cross-sectional national health survey conducted by Statistics Canada [13–15] that collects information related to the health status, health care utilization, and health determinants for the Canadian population. It includes a sample of about 130,000 respondents and is designed to provide reliable estimates at the local health region level. Prior to 2007, data collection occurred every two years for a 12-month period. After major changes to the survey design in 2007, data collection now occurs on an ongoing (monthly) basis with annual releases. Data are available for 2000/2001, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008, and 2009. The CCHS produces an annual microdata file and a file combining two years of data. The survey years can also be combined to examine subpopulations of rare characteristics. Respondents to the survey were asked if they have any of 26 to 30 chronic conditions, including diabetes. The survey includes respondents aged 12 years and older. The survey does not include people who live in institutions or in remote areas. The household-level response rate in 2005 was 84.9%, and the person-level response rate was 92.5% . where u is HUI3 and is a single attribute utility score. The overall scores on the HUI3 range from −0.36 (the worst possible HUI3 health state) through 0.0 (death) to 1.0 (perfect health). From a societal perspective, some health states are considered worse than dead, and consequently are assigned negative scores. Differences of 0.03 or more in overall HUI3 scores and 0.05 or more in single-attribute utility scores are considered to be clinically important . Sex- and age-specific HUI3 averages were estimated from a combined CCHS data file for all respondents and separately for persons with and without diabetes. The bootstrap methodology recommended by Statistics Canada was used to calculate the variance estimate. Both the point estimates and variance estimations were calculated using the BOOTVAR_V31 macro . The HUI3 data for the three youngest age groups (<1, 1–4, and 5–9 years) were not available. A value of 0.999 was used for those age groups on the presumption that not everyone in those age groups had perfect health. To assess the robustness of the assigned HUI3 weight of 0.999, two other HUI3 values, 0.90 and 1.00, were also used in a sensitivity analysis to examine the effect on the HALE calculations. Survey sample sizes All three cycles of the CCHS (cycle 1.1 share file, cycle 2.1 subsample, and cycle 3.1 subsample) were combined by the pooled method to increase the sample size and to decrease variation in the estimates . The sample size for the combined file, which included people 12 years or older and covered the 2000–2005 period, was 200,809 (190,271 without diabetes; 10,538 with diabetes). Mortality data for Quebec and Nunavut were unavailable from the CCDSS, and Health Utilities Index data from the Northwest Territories and Nunavut were unavailable from the 2000/2001 CCHS (cycle 1.1) survey file. Therefore, these jurisdictions were excluded from the analyses. Where is adjusted life-years lived in age-interval x, is life-years lived in age-interval x, and HUI3x is Health Utilities Index Mark 3 for people in age-interval x. The variance of LE was calculated by the Chiang method. The variance of HALE for the population without diabetes was calculated by the Bebbington method , accounting only for the variability of HUI3. The sample sizes of the total population and population without diabetes were large, therefore the variance of the life table was close to zero and did not contribute much to the variance of HALE. However, the sample size of the population with diabetes was relatively small and the variance had to be calculated differently. The separate calculation accounted for both the variability of the life table and the variability of HUI3. This method was introduced by Mathers . All calculations were performed using specially developed SAS macros. The 95% confidence intervals for LE and HALE were built based on the normality assumption. As this study has a large sample size, no sensitivity analysis was deemed necessary for the normality assumption. Z-tests were used to test the statistical significance of the loss and gain in life expectancy and the absolute difference in life expectancy. Calculating the gain in LE or HALE The gain in LE (or HALE) after the hypothetical elimination of diagnosed diabetes was calculated by disease-deleted method. According to this method the gain in LE (or HALE) is the difference in LE (or HALE) between the population without diagnosed diabetes and the total population. Years difference in life expectancy (LE) and health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) between females and males with and without diabetes (DM) for selected ages, Canada, 2004 -2006 1 At age 20 At age 55 At age 80 Life expectancy (LE), health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) (with 95% confidence intervals), and years lost in LE and HALE at selected ages, by diabetes (DM) status and sex, Canada, 2004-2006 1 Loss of LE associated with DM Gain in LE after eliminating DM At age 20 At age 55 At age 80 As expected, higher values for both LE and HALE were obtained for people not diagnosed and who did not report diabetes. For females at birth who were not diagnosed with diabetes, LE was estimated to be 85.0 years and HALE was 73.3 years. The corresponding LE and HALE for males was 80.2 and 70.9 years, respectively. LE and HALE for people with diabetes were significantly lower: 74.9 and 62.2 years for females, respectively; and 70.9 and 60.1 years for males, respectively. For 55-year-old females with diabetes, the remaining LE was 26.0 years and HALE was 18.9 years. The corresponding LE and HALE for males were 23.0 and 17.5 years, respectively. Within the population of people without diabetes at this age, the LE and HALE were, respectively, 32.0 and 24.7 years for females and 28.0 and 22.8 years for males. The results at birth reported in this study had a similar pattern as the results obtained by Manuel et al. for Ontario [4, 5]. Table 2 also illustrates a number of years and the proportion of life spent in poor health including the loss in LE and HALE associated with diabetes and the gain in LE and HALE after the hypothetical elimination of diabetes within age-sex grouping by disease status. The number of years spent in poor health is the difference between LE and HALE, and its ratio to the number of total years expected to live can be interpreted as the portion of life spent in poor health. It was observed that, at birth, both measures were greater for persons with diabetes than for persons without diabetes. The number of years individuals with diabetes spent in poor health decreased and the portion of life they spent in unhealthy states increased with increasing age. Females with diabetes who were younger than 55 years spent a greater number of years in poor health than did females of that age without the disease. The opposite pattern was observed for females 55 and older. This phenomenon can be explained by the fact that the HUI3 of those females without diabetes declines faster with age than the HUI3 of females with diabetes. The loss (see column six in Table 2) of total (LE) or healthy (HALE) life expectancy associated with diabetes was defined in the study as a difference in LE or HALE between populations of people without and with diabetes. Comparing LE and HALE between these two cohorts allows estimating the impact of diabetes on the population and discovering who was affected most. The loss in LE and HALE displays the estimated total and healthy number of years that people with diabetes lose. In this study the loss in LE varied from 10.1 years at birth to 2.6 years at age 80 for females and from 9.3 to 1.9 years for males. The corresponding loss in HALE ranged from 11.1 to 1.6 years for females and from 10.8 to 2.1 years for males. The age-specific life expectancy losses followed a pattern similar to the number of years spent in poor health. That is, the loss in LE was less than the loss in HALE for females younger than 55 years. For the older age groups the loss in LE was greater than the loss in HALE. The gain in LE and HALE after a hypothetical elimination of diagnosed diabetes from a population is the difference in LE and HALE between the population without diabetes and the total population. The gain in LE at birth was estimated as 1.4 years for females and 1.3 years for males. The corresponding gain in HALE was 1.2 and 1.3 years for females and males, respectively. The number of years spent in poor health and the losses and gains in LE and HALE were statistically significant for both sexes and all ages (p-value <0.05). Results of a sensitivity analysis on the effect of changing HUI3 values on the estimates of health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) at birth, by diabetes (DM) status and sex, Canada, 2004-2006 1 HALE without DM HALE with DM In this study, LE and HALE were estimated for Canadians with and without diabetes by sex and 19 five-year age intervals using a period life table method. Period life tables provide a convenient approach for summarizing mortality data. Benefits of the life table approach are that HRQOL information is easily integrated and reference to an external standard population is not required. The estimates of LE and HALE were based on the mortality and morbidity experience of Canadians with and without diabetes for the period of 2004 to 2006 (mortality) and 2000 to 2005 (morbidity). Therefore, they should be treated as descriptive cross-sectional statistics based on the past experience of the population rather than as predictive, as the mortality and morbidity experience will change with time. The results show that LE decreases with increasing age and that the decline is faster for LE than HALE. To explain this observation, the age gradient in the HUI3 scores and mortality rates were compared, revealing that mortality rates increased faster than the HUI3 scores declined with increasing age. The results also confirm that in Canada the LE for females is higher than for males, a direct result of higher mortality among men. This is also true for populations of people with diagnosed diabetes (Table 1). To evaluate the impact of diabetes on health, the number of years and the proportion of life spent in poor health were assessed and compared between populations of people with and without diabetes (Table 2). The difference in the number of years spent in poor health between populations of people without and with diabetes was not statistically significant for all ages. Table 2 shows the estimated number of unhealthy years with confidence intervals for males and females at selected ages. A test for the difference in the estimated number of years spent in poor health for the diseased and nondiseased populations confirmed statistical significance (p-value <0.05) for females at birth and those who are 70 years and older. This test was also statistically significant for 0- to 19- and 25- to 49-year-old males. Females with diabetes at birth had a significantly greater number of years spent in poor health than their counterparts without diabetes. The reverse pattern was found in women who were 70 years and older; those without diabetes had a significantly greater number of unhealthy years than the corresponding females with diabetes. However, these results, along with the pattern of decline in HUI3 estimates in female populations with and without diabetes 55 years and older, may be misleading due to a data limitation. The CCHS data used in the study do not include persons who lived in institutions. The HRQOL estimates for women in the oldest age groups, as reported by Berthelot et al., could be up to 30% lower if those women who lived in institutions were included . HUI3 could be even lower for persons with diabetes because they might be overrepresented in institutions. In addition, women with diagnosed diabetes receive better health care when they visit physicians and gain advice on how to maintain good health, as opposed to women who have not been diagnosed . Males with diabetes from birth up to 49 years, excluding 20- to24-year-olds, had a significantly greater number of years spent in poor health than their counterparts without diabetes. The reverse pattern (similar to females 70 years and older) was also found for 65- to 79-year-old males, but the difference was not statistically significant. Therefore, it could be concluded that diabetes affects both longevity and quality of life (to some extent). The relationship was different among males and females of different ages and was associated with a significant reduction in the number of healthy years among females at birth and among males younger than 50 years. A further comparison of female and male populations in the study revealed that females spent more years and a greater portion of life in poor health than did males, confirmed by a large body of evidence [26, 27, 29]. It was also observed that the number of years spent in poor health decreased and the portion of life a person spent in poor health increased with increasing age. This was true for both sexes, among people with and without diabetes. For example, at birth, females with diabetes spent 17% of their life in poor health, and the percentage gradually increased to 36% by the age of 80. This age gradient in relative differences varied from 14% to 37% for females without diabetes. The same pattern was observed for males, but the proportions were smaller. Females with diabetes lived shorter lives and spent an even greater portion of their lives in poor health than did females without diabetes. The same applies for males. To evaluate the impact of diabetes on longevity and the number of healthy years, the loss in LE and HALE associated with diabetes was estimated and presented in Table 2. It was observed that females in the age interval of 0 to 54 years had a slightly greater number of years of life lost in HALE than in LE. The reverse pattern was identified for females 55 years and older. The loss in LE was greater than the loss in HALE. For males, the loss in HALE was greater than the loss in LE for all ages excluding 65- to 79-year-old males for whom the reverse pattern was also observed. In a similar study on hypertension , 55-year-old females had a 1.5 year loss in LE and 2.0 year loss in HALE as compared with their counterparts with diabetes who experienced greater losses of 6.0 years and 5.8 years, respectively. Males with hypertension who were 55 years old had a 2.1 year loss in LE and 2.7 year loss in HALE, compared with their counterparts with diabetes who also experienced greater losses of 5.0 years and 5.3 years, respectively. The impact of diabetes on the loss of LE and HALE was greater than the impact of hypertension. The loss in LE presented in this study is conceptually similar to the life-years lost reported by Narayan et al. for the US population. But because there are differences in the methods of calculation of loss in LE and life-years lost, results may not be directly compared. For example, in our study, the loss in LE estimated for 10-year-old females with diagnosed diabetes was 10.1 years (result not shown), and the life-years lost reported by Narayan et al. was 19.0 years. Notably, the mortality rate ratios used in the Narayan paper were for North Dakota and for a period 10 years earlier than our study. As another example, our loss in HALE estimated for 10-year-old females with diabetes was 10.9 years, and the corresponding QALYs lost in the study by Narayan et al. was 32.8 years. The difference is attributed to a number of differences in the methods of calculation of loss in HALE and QALYs lost. First, the loss in HALE in our study is defined as the difference between HALE for people without diabetes and HALE for people with diabetes. We deduced from the Narayan et al. paper that the QALYs lost are the difference between LE for people without diabetes and QALYs for people with diabetes. Second, in our HALE calculations we applied age-specific HUI3 weights that vary across all age groups. The mean HUI3 for all ages in our data was 0.825 for people with diabetes and 0.872 for people without diabetes. A constant quality of life weight of 0.75 was used for all age groups in the QALYs lost calculations . To quantify the potential gain in LE (or HALE) if hypothetical eradication of diagnosed diabetes was possible, the difference in LE (or HALE) between the population without diabetes and total population was calculated and analyzed. This method, referred to as disease-deleted in this study, is different than the traditional cause-deleted approach [2, 3, 6]. The principal difference between these two approaches is how mortality rates are adjusted to represent the mortality experience of a diabetes-free population. For the cause-deleted approach the number of deaths categorized as “caused” by diabetes are subtracted from the numerator and the denominator is the total population. This adjustment guarantees that the cause-deleted mortality rates will be lower than the rates for the total population. For the disease-deleted approach all prevalent cases of diabetes (and their deaths) are removed and mortality rates are calculated. Thus, the numerator is the number of deaths among people without diagnosed diabetes and the denominator is the number of people in the population without diagnosed diabetes. It more accurately represents the mortality experience of a population free of diagnosed diabetes. The cause-deleted method works well for diseases with poor survival like myocardial infarction, some types of cancer, or infectious diseases where the underlying cause of death is clear. But it does not work very well for diseases such as diabetes that are associated with comorbidity and manifest themselves in many different causes of death . Using the life expectancy among people without diagnosed diabetes instead of diabetes-deleted life expectancy [2, 3, 6] (or to be exact diabetes-specific death deleted life expectancy) avoids this problem and allows a more accurate assessment of the diagnosed diabetes burden. Although this method more accurately represents the mortality experience of a population free of diagnosed diabetes, it does not accommodate for competing disease risk factors. According to this study, the gain in LE at birth after the hypothetical elimination of diagnosed diabetes was 1.4 years for females and 1.3 years for males. The corresponding gain in HALE was 1.2 and 1.3 years for females and males, respectively. This indicates that diabetes is an important disease burden in Canada. These estimates were greater than estimates of the gain in LE and HALE after removing only diabetes-specific death reported by Manuel et al. , but the pattern was similar. According to Manuel , an expansion of morbidity is evident when years of HALE gained were less than the years gained in life expectancy. In this study, the gain in HALE was less than the gain in LE for males and females of all ages, but the difference between the gain in LE and the gain in HALE was not large, which is consistent with other studies. Although diabetes is an important disease burden, it does not affect morbidity to a great extent. The ratio of HALE to LE reported by Manuel et al. [4, 5] for Ontarians with and without diabetes implies the similar conclusion. This ratio quantifies a portion of life people spent in a healthy state. It was estimated to be 0.91 for males without diabetes and 0.90 for males with diabetes. The ratio of HALE to LE was 0.89 for females in both populations. This evidence suggests that impact of diabetes on length of life is similar or slightly smaller than the impact on years of healthy life. LE and HALE for the same population share the same mortality and are highly correlated (r ≈ 1). Type 1 and type 2 diabetes were not distinguished in this study due to data limitations. However, the majority of cases of diabetes were type 2. There is growing evidence that type 2 diabetes and its complications can be prevented through the reduction of key risk factors such as obesity and physical inactivity. Evidence from the most recently published US study suggests that the lifetime risk of developing diabetes increases over time, thereby decreasing diabetes-free life expectancy. According to the authors, this decrease is closely related to increased obesity prevalence, especially in youth. Type 2 diabetes, previously known as an adult’s disease, is more often seen among children in recent years . The pattern of obesity in Canada is similar to the US and therefore the findings in this research may be applicable to Canada as well. Temporal increases in obesity and diabetes prevalence in Canada may result in decreasing diabetes-free LE and increasing LE with diabetes. Earlier onset of diabetes will likely contribute to decreases in LE and HALE for people with diabetes. However, improvements in diabetes care and further decreases in mortality rates will play the opposite role. The impact of increased obesity and diabetes prevalence and achievements in diabetes care requires further investigation. Therefore, it is important to track changes in both LE and HALE and to monitor the gap between those measures. The results in this study could be biased toward the null because it was limited to Canadians with or without diagnosed diabetes (those who have been identified by a health professional). Using fasting blood samples collected in the 2007 to 2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS), the magnitude of undiagnosed diabetes in Canada was estimated as 0.9% (95% CI: 0.5%-1.4%) of the Canadian population aged 6 years and older (PHAC. Unpublished analysis using 2007–2009 CHMS data. 2011). Therefore, it is possible that those who have been falsely identified by the CCDSS as having diabetes may have had prediabetes. Another limitation was that the potential gain in HALE might be overestimated due to using the disease-deleted method for this paper. Hypothetically, if diagnosed diabetes could be eliminated, the health status of those people who were living with diagnosed diabetes would likely be lower than of those people who have never had diagnosed diabetes. As a result, the gain in HALE estimated in this study should be somewhat lower than reported. In addition, the true values of HALE would be somewhat lower than reported because data for residents of long-term care facilities were unavailable. Misclassification of diabetes status was present in both the survey data and the surveillance system data we used. In the CCHS, misclassification can be due to self-reporting bias, generally a tendency to underreport the true disease status. In the CCDSS, misclassification toward the nondiabetic status can be present in geographic areas where data were incomplete. Areas with a larger proportion of salaried physicians provide the least complete data, which results in identifying fewer individuals with disease. Consequently, the disease status concordance between the two data sources varies by province and territory [35, 36]. Linkage of these two data sources (CCDSS and CCHS) would provide a method to reduce the self-reporting bias and the misclassification error. In summary, this paper describes the method used by the Public Health Agency of Canada to calculate life expectancy and health-adjusted life expectancy among Canadian adults with and without diabetes, based on mortality data for the period from 2004 to 2006 and morbidity data for the period from 2000 to 2005. Our work shows that it is possible to calculate HALE for all Canadians and for subpopulations with this particular chronic condition. The results of the study confirm that diabetes is an important disease burden in Canada and it has various impacts for female and male populations of different ages. Our method can be adapted for calculations for other chronic conditions in order to monitor the gap between LE and HALE so that health professionals can assess the impact on good health and revise programs and policies, if warranted. 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Report prepared for the National Diabetes and Other Chronic Disease Surveillance System 2008 May.Google Scholar This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Scientists claim to have created a form of aluminum that's nearly transparent to extreme ultraviolet radiation and which is a new state of matter. It's an idea straight out of science fiction, featured in the movie "Star Trek IV." The work is detailed in the journal Nature Physics. The normal states of matter are solid, liquid and gas, and a fourth state, called plasma, is a superheated gas considered more exotic. Other experiments have created strange states of matter for brief periods. This one, too, existed only briefly. To create the new, even more exotic stuff, a short pulse from a laser "knocked out" a core electron from every aluminum atom in a sample without disrupting the metal’s crystalline structure, the researchers explain. ''What we have created is a completely new state of matter nobody has seen before," said professor Justin Wark of Oxford University’s Department of Physics. "Transparent aluminum is just the start," Wark said. "The physical properties of the matter we are creating are relevant to the conditions inside large planets, and we also hope that by studying it we can gain a greater understanding of what is going on during the creation of 'miniature stars' created by high-power laser implosions, which may one day allow the power of nuclear fusion to be harnessed here on Earth." Fusion is a dream of scientists who would create cheap and plentiful power by fusing atoms together, as opposed to nuclear fission that generates electricity today. The discovery was made possible with a high-powered synchrotron radiation generator called the FLASH laser, based in Hamburg, Germany. It produces extremely brief pulses of soft X-ray light, each of which is more powerful than the output of a power plant that provides electricity to a whole city. The Oxford team, along with their international colleagues, focused all this power down into a spot with a diameter less than a twentieth of the width of a human hair. At such high intensities the aluminum turned transparent. While the invisible effect lasted for only an extremely brief period – an estimated 40 femtoseconds – it demonstrates that such an exotic state of matter can be created using very high power X-ray sources. "What is particularly remarkable about our experiment is that we have turned ordinary aluminum into this exotic new material in a single step by using this very powerful laser," Wark said. "For a brief period the sample looks and behaves in every way like a new form of matter. In certain respects, the way it reacts is as though we had changed every aluminum atom into silicon: it’s almost as surprising as finding that you can turn lead into gold with light."
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SOLAR COOKER WITH PARABOLIC TROUGH COLLECTOR USING PCM Solar radiation reaches the Earth’s upper atmosphere with the power of 1005 watts per square meter (W/m2). Many technologies have been developed to make use of solar radiation. Some of these technologies make direct use of the solar energy (e.g., to provide light, heat, etc.), which helps us to generate electricity. But in order to generate higher temperatures with good efficiency a solar collector in the form of a parabolic trough reflector can be productive. The parabolic trough reflector is a solar thermal energy collector designed to capture the sun’s direct solar radiation over a large surface area and focus, or more generally “concentrate it” onto a small focal point area increasing the intensity of solar energy received at the focal point. Experiments are conducted on solar cooker using solar energy. Heat collected by a fluid from the Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) with the one axis Tracking Mechanism (TM) is passed through the Storage Tank (ST). A Phase Change Materials (PCM) in the ST products absorbed the heat in the irregular sunlight and is released constantly for cooking purposes.
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A world first for the human heart in Paris [fr] For the first time anywhere, a total, permanent artificial heart, designed by the biomedical firm Carmat, has been implanted into a patient. This 100% French medical prowess was performed by a team at the Georges Pompidou European Hospital in Paris, led by Professor Alain Carpentier, a specialist in cardiovascular surgery. This audacious and risky procedure represents a magnificent hope for the 20 million patients suffering from heart failure in Europe and the United States. The implantation of an independent artificial heart into a patient, carried out by Professors Christian Latrémouille and Daniel Duveau, is a medical, economic and technological prowess. It combines French scientific research and industrial innovation. “France can be proud of this exceptional achievement in the service of human progress”, said François Hollande, President of France. The 75-year old male patient suffered from end-stage heart failure and was in an end of life situation. In a statement, the Hospital’s management indicated following the procedure that “the artificial heart is functioning normally, responding fully automatically to the needs of the body. Moreover, the implant has required no immunosuppressive treatment.” This implant was designed by the firm Carmat and has a long history. In 1988, the surgeon Alain Carpentier registered, along with the University Pierre and Marie Curie in Paris, the first patent on a bioprosthetic artificial heart. This innovative technology is becoming a reality after 25 years of research. This very ambitious project is that of a fully implantable bioprosthesis that mimics the natural heart and adapts to effort. Professor Carpentier is already famous worldwide for inventing biological valves (based on animal tissues) that avoid clotting problems around metallic valves. His artificial heart also uses this approach. This 900-gram implant is heavier than a human heart (300g) and is compatible with 70% of male thoraxes and 25% of female thoraxes. It is estimated to accord at least five extra years of life expectancy. Over the last decade, artificial hearts have been implanted around the world. But these are temporary machines, implanted until a transplant is found. Yet while transplants help save many lives, the disadvantage is that they involve very heavy medication and above all a risk of rejection. The advantage of the artificial heart is that it is made of biomaterials, which eliminates the need for immunosuppressant medication. Another advantage is that they do not lead to the formation of clots, which can cause strokes. The firm Carmat was founded in 2008 and played a major role in this prowess, thanks notably to the support of many French public and private partners. It was born of the partnership between Professor Alain Carpentier and Matra Défense (EADS) and the investment fund Truffle Capital. Carmat explains that this artificial heart project, “the most advanced in the world", could save the lives of tens of thousands of patients per year in the main Western countries, without risk of rejection and offering them an unprecedented quality of life. This new exploit once again illustrates the excellence of French medicine, which has a long tradition of research and innovation. French medicine’s history is scattered with famous personalities, including Louis Pasteur, Marie Curie and, more recently, Professors Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier, 2008 Nobel Prize laureates for their discovery of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which is responsible for AIDS, and Jules Hoffmann, 2011 Nobel Prize laureate. Internationally, France plays a central role in cooperation in the medical field, notably through considerable financial commitments, recognized expertise and its health system, which is an international benchmark. (Source : MAE/Annik Bianchini/Feb2014)
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A GLOSSARY OF MOTOR The dictionary defines a motor as "anything that produces or imparts motion," which is about as simple as it gets. In electrical terms, however, the definition is a bit tighter: "A machine for converting electrical energy into mechanical energy.In the context of a pool, spa, hot tub or waterfeature, that conversion results in the energy necessary to push and pull the water in and out of the vessel, its filter, plumbing, heater and anything else in the circulation system requiring hydraulic pressure.when you strive to learn about motor maintenance and repair, its crucial to be familiar with such definitions. Indeed, a working knowledge of a variety of motor-related terms is a useful first step along your learning curve. to that end, youll find below a helpful listing of basic motor Airgap: the air space between two magnetically related Or electrically related spa parts, such as the space between poles of a magnet or the poles of an electric motor. An electrical current that alternates, flowing first with a positive polarity, followed by a negative polarity. electrical device consisting of two or more conducting plates separated from one another by insulating material and used for storing an electrical charge. insulating material that separates and insulates the conducting plates in a capacitor. It can be gas liquid, plastic, glass, paper or a combination. The failure of an insulating material to separate electrical charges. Such a breakdown occurs when the insulating material changes and conducts the electrical charge electricity, the number of times alternated current changes direction during one second.frequency is measured in hertz (cycles per second) unit of measurement of frequency. hertz indicates cycles per second of alternating conventional unit of measure for power. horsepower indicates the result of force multiplied by distance multiplied by time one horsepower (hp) equals 746 watts or 33.000 foot pounds per minute or 550 foot pounds per second. A test of an electric motor in which the shaft is prevented from turning while power is applied. It can, for example,be used to determine fixed and variable losses in a National electrical Manufacturers Association. Operating a motor at full speed with no load to determine rotational power losses. rotating part of an electric rotating machine. in a motor, it is connected to and turns the drive shaft. In in alternator or generator, the rotor is turned to produce electricty by cutting magnetic lines of force. measure of the reserve margin into a motor. Listed on the motors nameplate, the service factor (SE) is multiplied by the rated horsepower indicating a permissible load that can be accommodated by the motor when it is operating at its rated voltage and frequency. For example, a 1 hp motor showing a service factor of 1.35 on the nameplate can effectively deliver 1.35 h p. only one alternating current or voltage in a circuit. stationary part of a motor that contains the laminated steel core with the winding; this is where the rotor revolves. force that produces a rotating or twisting action. electronic switch used in applications such as power switches, light dimmers and motor pressure; the Force that causes current in an electrical conductor. unit of electrical powver representing the power developed in a circut by a current of 1 ampere when the voltage drop is 1 volt. instrument for measuring electrical power. Capacitor-start motor: An alternating current, split-phase induction motor that has a capacitor connected in series and uses an auxiliary winding for starting. The auxilary circuit disconnects when the motor is up to speed. This motor requires an internal starting switch and governor. Permanent split capacitor motor: A single-phase electric motor that uses a phase winding in conjunction with the main winding. The phase winding is controlled by a capacitor that stays in the circut at all times and is rated for continous running. The capacitor improves starting and running power factors. This motor does not require an internal starting switch or a governor. Split-phase motor (also known as a resistance-start motor): A singlephase induction motor that has an auxiliary winding connected in parallel with the main winding. The auxiliary windings magnetic position is not the same as the main winding, so it can produce the required rotating magnetic field needed for starting. This motor requires an internal starting switch and a governor. Three-phase electric motor: A motor that operates from a three-phase power source. In three-phase power. three voltages are produced that are 120 electrical degrees apart in time. This motor has no internal starting switch. Two-capacitor motor: An induction motor that uses one capacitor for starting and one for running. the starting capacitor is in parallel with the running capacitor as the motor is starting; at 75 percent of speed,the starting capacitor is cut out of the circuit. this type of motor is Sometimes called capacitor start/capacitor run and requires an internal starting switch THE BASIC MOTOR DIAGNOSIS The motors that power pool and spa pumps are among the simplest devices serviced by the industry's technicians especially when troubleshooting and repair are performed systematically. Motors used on pools and spas are small by comparison to those used in other applications typically in the 1/2- to 2hp range but the importance of their role in circuiation systems makes them among the most important parts of the pool/spa package. Because they are so basic a component of pool and spa service, motor repair is always a popular hands-on topic for service seminars and classes. In fact, this type oF equipment repair is usually the first step service techs take in branching out from basic service into equipment repair. And the reason is obvious: Quick, effective motor repair can provide a good monetary payoff and fill in some spare winter hours of shop time to boot.While straightforward, motor service still requires a solid, systematic approach With that in mind, manufactors provide simple, step-by-step troubleshooting tips for service techs the rules found in the following are general enough to be applicable to most models youll run across on the route.one last note: Before you examine the motor or remove its cover, remember first to turn off the electrical power at the fuse or breaker box, That precaution taken, dig in! MOTORS AT THE WORKBENCH For some people, motor repair really means motor replacement After all, if you dont know how to fix a broken motor, changing a malfunctioning unit may be your Only Option.For others, such as Elias Duran, a service technician from Sepulveda, Calf., motor repair is a useful way to keep down the cost to the customer, while earning a tidy profit.Duran has been teaching the basics of motor teardown and repair for more than a decade at the Western Pool & Spa Show. Noting Duran's expertise in motor repair, P/SN asked him to demonstrate how to tear down a motor in step-wise Fashion so that the procedure could be shared with readers.He obliged, not only providing instructions on how to tear down and reassemble a motor, but also adding some troubleshooting hints and instruction on how to replace ball bearings, perhaps the most common form of motor repair.When Duran is finished with his weekly service route. his attention often turns to repairing the small electric motors that power pool and spa pumps. Be it Franklin, A.O. Smith, Emerson, General Electric or another manufacturers model, he is a whiz.Please note: Some slight differences may occur between different motor models. When in doubt, consult a handhook for the specific model TEARDOWN AND REPAIR After youve collected the tools youll need and removed the motor from the pump, you are ready to begin with the process of tearing down the motor.Before starting the tear down, Duran advises there are several points you should keep in mind in approaching the ailing motor: Always use quality replacement parts, as recommended by the motor manufacturer. When tearing down a motor or replacing parts, never force anything you may wind up replacing additional parts. If you need help with a motor, take it to reputable motor-repair shop. Be safety-conscious when working with electricity. Always be sure the motor is grounded before connecting the power. and be sure the power source is disconnected before you begin working on the motor. Also be sure you are using the correct electric voltage, whether its 110 or 220. ELECTRICTY AND MOTOR When an electric motor isnt running, the service technicians surest ally is an ohmmeter or, alternatively, a multimeter.Using one of these devices, it is possible to test the motors electrical system fully and q uickly checking all grounds, measuring the resistance of the motor windings and overload protector,testing the capacitor and insulation, and troubleshooting the starter switch.some ohmmeters provide a true ohm value reading (usually models with digital read outs),but others feature numerical ranges that reach from R x 1 in which the meter indicates the actual value in ohms to R x 1K (1,000 times greater than the ohm value indicated) and R x 100K (100,000 times the indicated value in ohms).When using one of the variable-range ohmmeters for testing and troubleshooting Follow the metre manufacturers instructions regarding range selection for each kind of test.If your ohmmetre does not have the exact range indicated, use the next higher range. Before making any electrical tests, review your ekectrical- safey preca utions and be sure all motor leads are disconnected from the power source.Make sure to perform a visual check of the electrical leads, wires, terminals and contacts, checking for any burned, cut, pinched, frayed or disconnected leads or wires. Test: Set the ohmmeter on the R x 1k range. Attach one probe to the ground screw and touch the other probe to all electric terminals on the terminal board switch,capacitor and overload protector reading of less than infinity on the ohmmeter indicates a ground. If any contact is grounded, check and repair all external electrical leads. If the ground is in the stator, you should replace the motor. Retest the grounds until no readings register on the Test: Set the ohmmeter on R x 1. Slip a heavy piece of paper between the points of the switch; discharge the capacitor by shorting across the terminals with an insulated screwdriver and compare the following readings with the ohmmeter, Assuming the leads function as follows: L1 = one main winding lead L2 = second main winding lead L3 = third main winding lead L4 = phase (or "start") winding lead, then: The resistance between L1 and L2 must the the same as the resistance between L2 and L3.The resistance between L3 and L5 must match the resistance between L1 and L5. the resistance readings for either of the two tests differ, check the external leads for repairs. The indicator may point to open for shorted windings, which will require rewinding or replacing the motor. Test:Set the ohmmeter on R x 1K. Slip a heavy piece of paper between the points of the switch and discharge the capacitor by shorting across the terminals with an insulated screwdriver. Attach one ohmmeter lead to each capacitor terminal. Thc ohmmeter needle should move rapidly to the right. then slowly drift to the left. the capacitor if: The capacitor does not register an ohmmeter Value. The ohmmeter reading moves to 0 and stays there. The ohmmeter reading remains at a high value (indicating an open circuit within the Test: Set the ohmmeter on R x 1 Check the resis-tan ce betwveen the overload protector terminals R& stance hetween terminals 1 and 2 (disc) should Ix approx r matelv 0. Resistance between term ii as 2 all 3 (heater) also should he approximately C Troubleshooting: Replace the overload protector ii either resistance value execeds I ohm. STARTER SWITCH (OPTIONAL) Test:Set the ohmmeter on R x 1 Attach one lead to each switch terminal:the ohmmeter reading should be 0. Flip the governor weight into the running position; the ohmmeter reading should be infinity. Visually check the starter switch and governor when the motor is running; switch contacts must be closed when the motor is at rest and should Open when the motor reaches about two thirds of full speed. discount absolutely that the starter switch is faulty, bypass the switch and repeat the above tests.Replace the starter switch if it appears to be faulty.
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Children under the age of five are particularly vulnerable to malaria infection with 61% of all malaria deaths worldwide occurring in this group. Malnourished children are at an even higher risk of contracting and dying from malaria, with the disease being associated strongly with poverty. The altered physiology in malnourished children may change the uptake and distribution of antimalarial drugs into the body, for example, the absorption and elimination of drugs might be reduced in these children. Despite this, there has been little research into how well treatments work in this particular group. Malnourished children and other vulnerable groups of patients, such as pregnant women and very young children, are often excluded in clinical studies as they do not represent the main target group, are difficult to recruit in large numbers, and their participation may raise specific ethical concerns. The data that does exist in malnourished children has been contradictory to date, as pointed out in a recently published systematic review conducted by the WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN). Artemether-lumefantrine, an artemisinin-based combination therapy, is the most common antimalarial treatment used worldwide and is recommended by the World Health Organization. Lumefantrine exposure – levels of the drug in blood after treatment has been administered – has been reported to be lower in children compared to adults. Children are currently prescribed the same dosing regimen as adults, artemether-lumefantrine twice-daily for three days. This study conducted in collaboration with Epicentre, Médecins Sans Frontières, the University of Cape Town, the Malaria Research and Training Center in Mali, the Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU) and the Ministry of Health of Niger aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of lumefantrine in children with severe malnutrition, previously, these have not been well defined. The analysis included data from a clinical trial across two hospitals in Mali and Niger analysing lumefantrine exposure for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in 131 children with severe malnutrition, compared to 226 children without malnutrition. This is the largest cohort of patients in this type of analysis to date. Key measures of malnutrition were collected including weight-for-height, mid-upper arm circumference or presence of nutritional oedema. These measures are not routinely collected in clinical trials of malaria, a practice that should change for a deeper insight into the systematic underexposure of antimalarial drugs in children due to malnutrition. “We developed a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic model for describing the pharmacological properties of lumefantrine in these children. Drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, or elimination might be affected by the nutritional status in children.” said Dr. Palang Chotsiri, a researcher at MORU and the first author of the study. “Malnutrition effects on the pharmacological parameters were carefully investigated and evaluated.” Researchers found that: - Severely malnourished children had on average 19.2% less exposure to lumefantrine - All children had significantly lower drug exposure compared to adults - All measures of malnutrition correlated with a reduced absorption of lumefantrine, with low mid-upper arm circumference being the most significant factor associated with poor absorption - Lower exposure to lumefantrine also resulted in an increased risk of therapeutic failure and acquiring a new malaria (P. falciparum) infection during the follow-up period Professor Joel Tarning, Head of the WWARN Pharmacometrics group who led the study, said: “There are serious knowledge gaps in associations between malnutrition and antimalarial drug efficacy and this study provides key insights. Malnourished children are more severely affected by malaria and they have lower levels of antimalarial drug in their bodies after standard treatment. This needs further study so that we can treat these patients better. Working together with our partners like Epicentre, MSF, MTRC, MORU and the University of Cape Town, we can fill in these research gaps.” Dr Rebecca Grais, Research Director, Epicentre, the epidemiology and research satellite of Médecins Sans Frontières said: “This study is critical to improve treatment protocols among this highly vulnerable group of children. Children suffering from both severe acute malnutrition and malaria need care the most” Researchers then used the model to evaluate three alternative dosing regimens to see if this may improve lumefantrine exposure. The dosage regimen was increased, intensified and extended. It was found that an increased dosing regimen would not increase exposure due to the limited ability of severely malnourished children to absorb the drug. However, both the intensified regimen (three-times-daily for three days) and an extended regimen (twice-daily for five days) would result in equivalent exposures in the two groups, bringing the level up for severely malnourished children. Researchers recommend that further work is done to investigate optimised dosing regimens to improve antimalarial treatments in malnourished children. Read the paper: Chotsiri et al. Severe Acute Malnutrition Results in Lower Lumefantrine Exposure in Children Treated With Artemether‐Lumefantrine for Uncomplicated Malaria. American Society for Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. Version of Record online: 23 July 2019.
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This website is not monitored 24/7. If you are in crisis, call COAST at 1-877-825-9011 Experts in the field suggest that a suicidal person is feeling tremendous pain that they can see no other option. People consider suicide when they feel hopeless and unable to see alternative solutions to problems. Suicidal behaviour is most often related to a mental disorder (depression) or to alcohol or other substance abuse. Suicidal behaviour is also more likely to occur when people experience stressful events such as a major losses, childhood trauma, serious physical illness or major life changes. Take that person seriously. Listen and don’t judge. Encourage the person to talk to a professional for help. If someone is in immediate danger of harming himself or herself, do not leave the person alone. You may need to take emergency steps to get help, such as calling 911. When someone is suicidal, it is important to make sure the person does not have access to firearms or other lethal means of suicide. . You are not abnormal and not alone as many people do think about suicide at certain times in their lives. However, if you think about suicide often, it may indicate you are depressed. If you are thinking about suicide, talk to someone for help and support. You can turn to the agencies and organizations listed on this web site for help. The majority of people with depression do not die by suicide. Having major depression does increase suicide risk compared to people without depression. The risk of death by suicide may, in part, be related to how severely depressed a person is. Another way to think about suicide risk and depression is to look at the lives of people who have died by suicide and see what proportion of them were depressed. From that perspective, it is estimated that more than 60 percent of people who die by suicide have had a mood disorder such as depression. Younger persons who kill themselves often have a substance abuse disorder in addition to being depressed. Alcohol and substance abuse problems can contribute to suicidal behaviour in a few ways. People who abuse drugs and/or alcohol often have other risk factors for suicide, including depression, social problems and financial problems. This combination of problems may make them feel suicidal and unable to cope. There is no definite way to predict suicidal behaviour. There are factors that place a person at higher risk but they can’t predict who will actually die by suicide. Here are some of the situations that may cause someone to be more vulnerable to feelings of suicide: A person’s suicidal feelings may be brought on by unexpected situations that create crisis such as financial setbacks or troubles with the law. Physical illness, an unstable family, loss of a loved one to suicide, and isolation are other situations that may cause someone to feel suicidal. (CAMH – suicide prevention & assessment handbook) About 4,000 people in Canada die by suicide each year or 10 each day. That is 14 suicide deaths for every 100,000 people in Canada each year. There are some estimates that as many as 20% of suicide deaths are not reported. Every year in Canada, more people die by suicide than by motor vehicle accidents. It’s like a jumbo jet carrying 340 passengers crashing every 30 days with all lives lost. Women attempt suicide at a rate four times higher than men. But men die by suicide at a rate four times higher than women. Suicide deaths occur in all age groups. Suicide is the second leading cause of death for youth ages 10 to 24. Because of isolation, illness and loneliness, seniors are at greater risk for suicide than teenagers. For every suicide there are many other suicide attempts. For people who feel suicidal there are many visits to emergency rooms, hospitalizations, and other interventions. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates as many as 20 attempts for every suicide. One in seven Canadians has seriously considered suicide. Every person who dies by suicide directly impacts at least 10 family members, friends, or colleagues. People who die by suicide include parents, partners, children, friends, neighbours and those from all socio-economic, age, gender, and cultural groups. No part of society is immune from possible suicide deaths. Suicide affects us all. It remains one of Canada’s most serious public health issues. While suicide rates have been lower in Halton Region (Burlington, Oakville, Milton, Halton Hills) than across Canada, Halton residents do attempt suicide and take their own lives. Consider the following Halton information: Suicide stigma is an important issue for anyone who has lost a loved one to suicide. Stigma means a “mark of shame or discredit”. (Canadian Alliance on Mental Illness and Mental Health) Suicide stigma has deep roots in religion and the law. The Christian Church treated suicide as a sin from the fifth century AD until the middle or late twentieth century. Most states made suicide a crime until the twentieth century, in Canada until the 1970’s. By the twentieth century, with developments in medicine and psychiatry, suicide started to be viewed as a health issue. Stigma is one of the biggest barriers in the grief process for survivors of suicide. Most importantly, stigma around suicide often keeps people who are suicidal from openly talking about their thoughts with family and friends and from seeking help, treatment, and support. This means suicide stigma can actually cause suicide. Although suicide in Canada is not a crime, the stigma lingers on. Many people view suicide as immoral or a sign of weakness or a sign of selfishness. These beliefs stem from a lack of understanding about suicide and mental illness. If someone you love has died by suicide, you are faced with a double impact of stigma. First, as mental illness has a stigma, your loved one may have not sought help because of this. Secondly, the suicide itself has a stigma. In the immediate aftermath of the suicide, you need to talk about the death and the struggles of your loved one. Friends and family may be uncomfortable discussing the suicide or may make unhelpful comments. The survivor is faced with fighting shame and guilt when support is needed. The term “committed suicide” strongly suggests suicide is a crime, carrying the stigma associated with suicide. The term “committed suicide” should be replaced by saying, “died by suicide”. Our goal is to increase awareness and knowledge about the nature of suicide to remove the stigma, shame, and guilt – and most of all, to prevent more deaths by suicide. End the silence around suicide. Encourage people to talk about their thoughts and feelings about suicide with friends, family, and helping professionals. Make sure that any education includes anti-stigma messages. Be aware of suicide facts so that you can help dispel some of the myths around suicide. (Adapted from information from the Centre for Suicide Prevention)
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Permanent Interests: The Expansion, Organization, and Rising Influence of African Americans in Congress, 1971–2007 The modern era of African Americans’ nearly 140-year history in Congress began in 1971. Black Members enjoyed a tremendous surge in numbers, at least in the House, reflecting a larger historical process, as minority groups and women exercised their new freedom to participate in American society. Fully 71 percent of all African Americans who have served in Congress entered the House or Senate after 1970.1 These startling gains derived from the legacy of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and its subsequent extensions, as well as from Supreme Court decisions requiring legislative redistricting so that black voters could be represented more equitably. The post-1970 generation of black Americans in Congress marked a watershed in American history—a transition from a period of prolonged protest to full political participation. Similar to other minority groups on Capitol Hill entering a stage of institutional maturity, African Americans faced new and sometimes unanticipated challenges resulting from their numerical, organizational, and leadership successes. Redistricting that dramatically boosted the numbers of African-American Members in the early 1990s evoked opposition that sought to roll back or dilute black voting strength. Moreover, by the end of the decade, redistricting had largely run its course in areas where black votes could be concentrated with a goal of electing more African Americans to Congress. The net result was that the number of African Americans in Congress leveled off by the early 1990s and hovered in the high 30s and low 40s for eight election cycles from 1992 through 2006. Although organizational trends provided African-American Members a forum to discuss their legislative agendas and strategies, black Members disagreed about many issues, partially because each Member represented the interests of a unique constituency. Finally, while African-American Members enjoyed unprecedented leadership strength for most of this era, greater power often placed black leaders in a quandary when the imperatives of promoting the leadership or party agenda conflicted with perceived “black interests.” 1On December 31, 2007, the figure stood at 86 of the 121 who had served in all of congressional history. 2According to Robert Singh, “The central function of caucuses is to bring together legislators with shared interests, backgrounds, and policy goals.” Robert Singh, The Congressional Black Caucus: Racial Politics in the U.S. Congress, (Thousand Oaks, California: Sage, 1998): 58. As internal congressional organizations, caucuses like the CBC formed in great part to pursue a collective agenda with a “strength in numbers” strategy. 3Quoted in Singh, The Congressional Black Caucus: 51.
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Johnny "Appleseed" Chapman Johnny "Appleseed" Chapman was born on September 26, 1774. When Johnny was a little boy he loved the outdoors and to take long walks in the woods. One day Johnny came back from one of his long walks, he sat under a tree to rest. He pulled an apple out of his sack and ate it. When he was finished, Johnny looked at what he had left. He saw five seeds and he planted them. Johnny lived on the frontier in Massachusetts and every day pioneers traveled further west. One day Johnny went too. But he didn't go by covered wagon. He went on barefoot. Johnny ate and slept outdoors with animals. Johnny planted apple trees everywhere. Johnny "Appleseed" Chapman died in March of 1845. Wheatley Ludington Chapman Crocket Braille Lincoln Douglass Tubman Rockefeller Edison Burnett Wilder Morgan Wright Keller Picasso Thorpe Earhart Parks Owens Kennedy King Marino Jordan
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History, tourist information, and nearby accommodation The earliest evidence we have at Weobley points to a date of 1304 for construction. The first building to be built was the hall block (reinforcing the point that Weobley was primarily intended as a home, rather than a fortress). Two south towers and a section of curtain wall date to the same time. The open site was enclosed during a second phase of building with the addition of a solar, chapel, curtain wall, and west gateway. Most of this work was probably initiated by David de la Bere, Lord of Gower, between 1304-1327. The castle was badly damaged in the Owain Glyndwr rebellion of the early 15th century. The next really major construction at Weobley did not take place until the late 15th century under Sir Rhys ap Thomas, who added a porch block to provide a more imposing entrance. Sir Rhys gained possession of Weobley in return for his support of Henry VII at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485. Just as at Carew Castle in Pembrokeshire, Sir Rhys spent lavishly to create a luxurious residence that reflected his social status. In the 16th century the castle passed to the Herbert family, Lords of Gower, and from them to the Somersets, eventually to become Dukes of Beaufort. Weobley was too remote for these grand families, and fell into decay; the gatehouse was eventually used as a farmhouse. It is now cared for by Cadw, Welsh Heritage. The castle is very well signed from all approaches around Llanrhidian village. There is a small parking area and footpaths leading out onto the marshes if you fancy exploring the area. The farmhouse - formerly the castle gatehouse - offers tea and farm produce, and this is where you stop first to purchase entrance tickets. The castle truly is not large, again emphasizing that despite the name it is really a fortified residence rather than a military fortress. There is an interesting display area inside the gatehouse tower, with information on Weobley and other castles around the Gower peninsula. The location is utterly wonderful, with very scenic views out across the marshes to the River Loughor. About Weobley Castle Address: West Castle Farm, Llanrhidian, Swansea, Gower, Glamorgan, Wales, SA3 1HB Attraction Type: Castle Location: B4271 or B4295 to Llanrhidian village, then by minor road 2 miles north west. Well signposted. Website: Weobley Castle Phone: 01792 390 012 OS: SS476 927 Photo Credit: David Ross and Britain Express We've 'tagged' this attraction information to help you find related historic attractions and learn more about major time periods mentioned. Find other attractions tagged with: NEARBY HISTORIC ATTRACTIONS Heritage Rated from 1- 5 (low-exceptional) on historic interest Llanrhidian, St Rhidian and St Illtyd - 1.4 miles (Historic Church) Reynoldston, St George Church - 1.7 miles (Historic Church) Llanddewi, St David's Church - 2.5 miles (Historic Church) Llanmadoc, St Madoc Church - 2.5 miles (Historic Church) Penrice Castle - 3 miles (Castle) Llangennith, St Ceyndd Church - 3.2 miles (Historic Church) Nicholaston, St Nicholas Church - 3.9 miles (Historic Church) Oxwich Castle - 4.2 miles (Castle) Nearest Accommodation to Weobley Castle: Nearest Self Catering Cottages Nearest Bed and Breakfasts
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Graphemes are fun! We are not learning… we are playing! Visual memory helps children learn or revise the graphemes and their correspondent sounds. Istruzioni: Download the Powerpoint file, start it in “presentation” mode. Click the number to open the box and the red sign to close it. To see how it works: click here
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PTE Multiple Choice Multiple Answer – Sample Questions Practice Test 9 PTE Multiple Choice Multiple Answer – Read the passage and answer by selecting all the correct responses. More than one response is correct. If you have any problem in solving PTE Multiple Choice Multiple Answer, then read how to solve PTE MCQ questions. PTE Multiple Choice Multiple Answer – Practice Test 9 12. Read the passage and answer the following question. In the spring of 1928, Disney asked Ub Iwerks to start drawing up new character ideas. Iwerks tried sketches of various animals, such as dogs and cats, but none of these appealed to Disney. A female cow and male horse were also rejected. They would later turn up as Clarabelle Cow and Horace Horsecollar. A male frog was also rejected. It would later show up in Iwerks’ own Flip the Frog series. Walt Disney got the inspiration for Mickey Mouse from a tame mouse at his desk at Laugh-O-Gram Studio in Kansas City, Missouri. In 1925, Hugh Harman drew some sketches of mice around a photograph of Walt Disney. These inspired Ub Iwerks to create a new mouse character for Disney. “Mortimer Mouse” had been Disney’s original name for the character before his wife, Lillian, convinced him to change it, and ultimately Mickey Mouse came to be. The actor Mickey Rooney claimed that, during his Mickey McGuire days, he met cartoonist Walt Disney at the Warner Brothers studio, and that Disney was inspired to name Mickey Mouse after him. This claim, however, has been debunked by Disney historian Jim Korkis, since at the time of Mickey Mouse’s development, Disney Studios had been located on Hyperion Avenue for several years, and Walt Disney never kept an office or other working space at Warner Brothers, having no professional relationship with Warner Brothers, as the Alice Comedies and Oswald cartoons were distributed by Universal. Question – Based on the text, what can be said about the origin of Mickey Mouse? 1. Ub Iwerks was Walt Disney’s early partner and combined several animals to make Mickey Mouse. 2. A number of people played a role in creating Mickey Mouse. 3. Mickey Mouse was based on a mouse Walt Disney came across in his office in Kansas City. 4. Mickey Rooney used to work for Disney and inspired him to name the mouse after him. 5. Mortimer Mouse was another mouse created by Disney before Mickey Mouse. 2 and 3 To stay updated, like us on Facebook.
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In the Upper School at Mount Vernon Presbyterian School we are on a mission to open up interdisciplinary learning experiences to our students. In January, we introduced 10 new interdisciplinary courses that will be team taught. If all goes as planned we will have approximately 21 faculty members working in a co-teaching situation. We believe so strongly in the benefits of breaking down the disciplinary silos. “The historical model was based on separation and specialization; the new model will be about creating connections and interactions among a wide variety of separate domains.” Duke University President Richard Brodhead An interdisciplinary approach offers so many benefits to today’s students. “Interdisciplinary teaching helps students… - Uncover Preconceptions or Recognize Bias… - Advance Critical Thinking and Cognitive Development… - Tolerate or Embrace Ambiguity… - Appreciate Ethical Dimensions of Concerns.” Study compiled by Arthur H. Goldsmith, Washington and Lee University These 9 courses, along with Humanities 10 make up our new interdisciplinary courses for the 2017-18 school year. You can see that we have the common social studies and English connections, as well as science and English and statistics and English. These are one period classes where students can determine which core content area they can earn the credit for. Yes, we’re still working under a Carnegie unit paradigm. Here are a couple of course descriptions. The course below is one that every student should take during his/her academic career. These particular courses allow students who are interested in math and sciences to take those courses and then use this course for their English credit. Oh, and students can earn honors credit for any of these courses. The sections are heterogenous and those who want to excel must complete work at a higher level. Data and Rhetoric: How Statistics Shapes Arguments How do we know what data to trust? How do we use data responsibly? Because of practices like data dredging, p-hacking, and the use of logical fallacies, not all arguments are created equally, and the mere presence of data does not validate an argument. In this course, students will master introductory skills in statistical methods and data interpretation in conjunction with argument analysis and construction. Students will become critical readers as they learn to evaluate sources and evidence, including the statistics methods and analyses used to collect and interpret the data, trace an author’s line of reasoning, and evaluate the logic and efficacy of the claims, ultimately preparing students to become thoughtful researchers and writers. As students work to answer the essential questions for this course, they will also examine how culture and context shape data and its presentation as they work to answer the essential questions for the course. Learning outcomes and spiraling skills for this course allow learners to take this course for 1.0 English credit or 1.0 Mathematics credit. Ecological Rhetoric: Science and Literature of the Environment In this course study discussions of environmental issues through a wide variety of fiction and nonfiction texts, exploring both the rhetoric and the scientific basis for claims made. The course emphasizes a strong foundation of the chemical, biological, and physical processes in ecosystem, as well the literary themes and linguistic devices deployed in environmental argumentation. Students will also craft arguments about the environment and attempted to mobilize communities around environmental issues in this project-based class. We also are striving to provide our students with more options and to allow our older students to build their own path. These changes create many more options for out MVPS students. Prior to making a decision our Upper School Leadership team tested out possible schedules for student. What we found that each one had his/her own story based on their new choices. Notice the differences between Javier and Ignacio. - *Data and Civic Engagement (SS) Year - *Environmental Advocacy: An exploration of the science and rhetoric surrounding the environment (Science) Year - Atlanta’s Place in America/Southern Studies: What is Southern Culture? (English/Social Studies) Sem - Propaganda and Protest: Studying 20th century American warfare through the lens of film (Social Studies/English/Arts) Sem - Race, Class, and Gender in America (English/Social Studies) Sem - Anatomy & Physiology - Data & Civic Engagement (Eng) - AP World - AP Latin Our teachers will be in course development the rest of this semester and into the summer vacation. Afterwards each individual decided to honestly find a way for the child. The next step that is on our agenda is to find someone who can teach programming and also be able to craft. Leads on these position. Since rolling out Humanities 9 this year we have learned that our teachers need support with becoming high performing teams in the classroom. At one of our recent meetings someone said, “We’re all alphas in our own classrooms.” Navigating class with a teaching partner can be a stressful situation.
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This Wednesday, NASA will officially announce its intention to launch a probe that will dip inside the Sun's atmosphere, calling it the first ever mission to " touch the Sun". The Solar Probe Plus mission will have to cope with temperatures and radiation unlike any other probe, but the data it will collect in the process will help astronomers predict solar storms and provide clues on some of the deepest mysteries surrounding our closest star. In 1976, a 370-kilogram (815-pound) block of instruments called Helios 2 came within about 43 million kilometers (27 million miles) of the Sun's surface in its mission to study solar winds and cosmic rays. Our world has since grown ever more dependent on a network of technology — both in orbit and on our planet's surface — that's vulnerable to a threat we barely understand. Not only can our modern technology suffer enormous damage from extreme solar activity, humans who might one day live outside our atmosphere will also need protection from severe winds of charged particles and radiation. In order to find ways to improve our understanding, NASA is going to get even more up close and personal with the Sun's corona than Helios 2, and blow its record out of the sky. Due to be launched around August next year, the robust little probe will swing past Venus seven times over the course of seven years to fine-tune an orbit that will take it within 6 million kilometers (a little under 4 million miles) of the Sun's surface — or photosphere— in 24 elliptical loops. That might not sound very close, but at just nine times the Sun's radius, it's still a rather daring move that will allow sensors to sweep close enough to trace the magnetic fields and catch a few solar particles without getting fried. How to touch the sun and survive As it is, the probe will be forced to endure temperatures up to 1,400° Celsius (about 2,550° Fahrenheit) while keeping its payload at a comfy room temperature. Not being content with sitting and waiting until Wednesday, we asked Brad Tucker from the Australian National University's Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics to explain how NASA expects to pull off this feat. "The biggest leap in technology of this mission is the heat shield," Tucker explained to ScienceAlert. "The heat shield is an 11.5-centimeter-thick carbon composite shield, which can withstand temperatures of nearly 1,400 degrees Celsius. The use of carbon composite is really allowing us to do much more complicated things." Carbon in the form of materials such as nanotubes and graphene have already revolutionized our ability to make probes light enough to launch and yet tough enough to endure extreme temperatures under some of the Solar System's more hostile conditions. In addition to the heat shield, the US$1.5 billion Solar Probe Plus (SPP) will use an active water circulation system to help protect instruments that will measure the corona's electric and magnetic fields, electron temperatures, and plasma density. And of course, there'll also be an imaging system to take a few holiday snaps while spending such quality time under the Sun. "Understanding the activity of the Sun and predicting weather from it is crucial if we really want to have humans explore space more, including working and living on the Moon and Mars," says Tucker. Getting a grip on how particles are whipped into high speeds will also give researchers a better idea on how objects move through space. Tucker pointed out that the Kepler Space Telescope is steered by solar winds. "By understanding the solar wind in better detail, how it is accelerated namely, it will open up the possibility of using it to accelerate space craft like the one proposed in the Light Sail project," Tucker told ScienceAlert. Another ongoing astronomical mystery in need of a few clues is the question of the corona's odd temperature. The Sun's photosphere is a touch over 5,500 degrees Celsius (over 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit), yet this toasty temperature soars up to several million degrees as it turns into the corona. While there are hypotheses as to why this radical heating occurs, more evidence could establish the cause. If you're a big fan of solar astronomy, jump onto NASA TV on Wednesday, 3pm Greenwich Mean Time (11am Eastern Daylight Time; 1am Australian Eastern Standard Time) to hear for yourself what the researchers are planning.
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March 17, 2015, by Oliver Thomas Charting the Spartan Mirage Dr Philip Davies discusses the intellectual background to a conference on Plutarch and Sparta, to be held in Nottingham on 31 March. At the core of any research on Sparta lies a peculiar methodological dilemma. Sparta is one of the most renowned of the ancient Greek city-states, and after its defeat of Athens in the Peloponnesian War (431-404) was for a period the dominant Greek power. Yet, despite its historical significance, very little writing from Sparta survives. What we do have are accounts by non-Spartan writers. These sources provide an outsider perspective which is by turns idealising and hostile, and which in various ways colours our impression of Spartan society. In particular, they focus upon Sparta’s most exceptional aspects. The distorted image of Sparta which results is commonly called ‘the Spartan mirage’. Every student of Sparta grapples with the question of how this mirage shapes and mis-shapes our conception of Spartan society, and how we might seek to penetrate it. The non-Spartan sources which contribute to the mirage form a sizeable list. They include contemporaries who directly experienced the Sparta about which they wrote: as an enemy, like the Athenian strategos Thucydides, or as a friend, like the Athenian exile and sometime mercenary Xenophon. However, some of our sources are separated from classical Sparta by both geography and time. Plutarch lived c. 45-120 AD. Although he did some travelling, his base was his hometown of Chaeronea in central Greece. There, he established a prodigious name for himself as an intellectual and a writer on diverse themes. In particular, Plutarch’s five biographies of distinguished Spartans (Lycurgus, Lysander, Agesilaus, Agis, Cleomenes) and collections of Spartan sayings mean that he has arguably contributed more than any other ancient author to our popular conception of Sparta. Yet Plutarch lived 500 years after the classical Spartan heyday on which he concentrates, and his writings are deeply embedded within the Spartan mirage. His idealised vision of Sparta was not helped by experience of the Sparta of his own time, a tourist attraction which made a superficial claim to continuity with its glorious forebear. However, as with all of our ‘outsider’ sources, whatever distortions Plutarch’s presentation of Spartan society may contain, he remains a vital source for Sparta and Spartan history. At the same time, that presentation is in itself valuable as an example of the reception of Sparta within antiquity. The difficulty lies in discerning between the mirage and the reality. For this endeavour, a wider understanding of Plutarch’s writings is vital, just as an understanding of Sparta’s significant place within Plutarch’s thought is important for broader assessments of him as a writer and intellectual. On 31 March the University of Nottingham and the Centre for Spartan and Peloponnesian Studies will be hosting a colloquium dedicated to Plutarch & Sparta. Scholars from the UK and abroad will come together to hear and discuss seven exciting papers, some by literary specialists on Plutarch, some by historical specialists on Sparta. It promises to be a very rewarding day, which will highlight the ways in which a deeper and more nuanced understanding of Plutarch’s own perspective on Sparta allows us to develop a better understanding of Plutarch and his writings, of the reception of Sparta, and of Sparta ‘beyond the mirage’. You can find more details about the colloquium, including how to register, here. Image: Jean-Jacques François Le Barbier, Une Lacédémonienne donnant un bouclier à son fils (1806), via Wikimedia Commons. A Spartan mother instructs her son to come back either with his shield or on it – a story preserved in Plutarch’s Sayings of Spartan Women.
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Trace a path by using the tracert command Applies To: Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2003 R2, Windows Server 2003 with SP1, Windows Server 2003 with SP2 To trace a path by using the tracert command Open Command Prompt, and type the following: Or, type tracert IPAddress where HostName or IPAddress is the host name or IP address, respectively, of the remote computer. For example, to trace the path from this computer to www.microsoft.com, type the following at a command prompt: If you do not want the tracert command to resolve and display the names of all routers in the path, use the -d parameter. This expedites the display of the path. For example, to trace a path from this computer to www.microsoft.com without displaying the router names, type the following at a command prompt: tracert -d www.microsoft.com To open a command prompt, click Start, point to All programs, point to Accessories, and then click Command prompt. The tracert command traces the path by sending Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Echo Request and Echo Reply messages (similar to the ping command) to produce command-line report output about each router that is crossed and the roundtrip time (RTT) for each hop. Packet filtering policies on routers, firewalls, or other types of security gateways might prevent forwarding of this traffic. If tracert is unsuccessful, you can use the command output to help determine at which intermediate router forwarding failed or was slowed. For details about packet forwarding and packet loss at each router and link in the path, use the pathping command. Information about functional differences - Your server might function differently based on the version and edition of the operating system that is installed, your account permissions, and your menu settings. For more information, see Viewing Help on the Web.
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Wendela Hebbe was a well-known author, editor, and journalist of the mid-1800s. She was the first woman in Sweden to be employed on a newspaper editorial board and she was responsible for introducing social welfare journalism into Sweden. Wendela Hebbe was born in Jönköping in 1808. She was the first of three girls born to her parents. An older brother died when he was seven years old. She grew up in Nässjö and Norra Sandsjö in Småland. Her father, Samuel Åstand was a local pastor, and later dean. He home-schooled his daughters – Wendela, Petronella (Pella), and Malin – himself, naming them ‘Frågvis’ (the inquisitive one), ‘Näsvis’ (the cheeky one), and ‘Envis’ (the headstrong one). Despite the scepticism of his peers he did not shy away from teaching them the natural sciences as well. Singing, music, and poetry obviously formed part of the family sphere. The parish bishop Esaias Tegnér particularly appreciated the Åstrand girls’ singing talents, and he also developed a particularly keen eye for the eldest daughter over the course of his many visits. Wendela Hebbe’s father died when she was 19 years old. The family moved back to Jönköping where Wendela Hebbe became a firm friend of Pauline Cronhielm, a member of the nobility, with whom she shared a passion for poetry. Through Pauline she got to know one of Tegnér’s former students, Samuel Leijonhufvud. He was President of Göta Court of Appeal, where a certain Clemens Hebbe was an observer. Clemens and Wendela Hebbe got married in the spring of 1832 and settled at the Näsbyholm estate near Värnamo. They had three daughters in quick succession: Fanny, Thecla, and (Signe Hebbe). One of Wendela Hebbe’s small pleasures – while she was raising three toddlers and her husband was often away travelling and finances were tight – was her friendship with Tegnér, her youthhood idol. He would send her book parcels and encouraged her to deepen her knowledge of German. However, the 26-year older ‘king of Parnassus’ also exhibited an escalating romantic interest in her which bordered on blackmail, as apparent in his letters: “The fate of my heart – perhaps to some degree also that of Swedish song – now lies in your hands; shall it remain there?”. In the spring of 1839 Clemens Hebbe’s convoluted business affairs led to bankruptcy. Clemens Hebbe was charged with financial irregularity and so he fled, initially to Britain where he wrote for the London press. He then moved onto America, where, after a few years working as a journalist and translator, he became an itinerant diplomat. Näsbyholm was sold at auction and Wendela Hebbe, now a 32-year old mother of three, was forced to earn her own living. Tegnér lent her money and books and encouraged her to take up sewing, but she instead returned to Jönköping and set up a private school giving lessons in music, drawing and languages. She spent her free time writing a novel, called Arabella, which belonged to the romantic-sentimental genre. When she dared to approach (Fredrika Bremer) for an opinion the latter declared that she was far too “enamoured of reality” to be able to pass comment on “the product of fantasy”. In the early summer of 1840 Wendela Hebbe took a trip to the capital city which came to have a definitive impact on her future. Through Tegnér she obtained a ticket to the Swedish Academy’s commemoration day. She took singing lessons with Giovanni Belletti – who often sang opposite (Jenny Lind) – and she socialised with her friends the poet (Julia Nyberg (Euphrosyne)) and the author and polemicist (Ellen Key). She met the all-round research and teaching assistant Olof Hyltén-Cavallius at the Kungliga Bibliotek (royal library), and he took it upon himself to find a publisher for her manuscript. Women were not yet permitted to do this themselves at that time. Lars Johan Hierta’s publishing house accepted the manuscript. Following the publication of Arabella in the later 1840s Wendela Hebbe sent further material, via the same go-between, to Hierta’s newspaper Aftonbladet. In the spring of 1841 Wendela Hebbe travelled to Stockholm to meet Hierta in person, and this led to a probationary job. Wendela met some of the celebrities of her era, such as Carl Jonas Love Almqvist, (Jenny Lind), (Sophie von Knorring), and Orvar Odd, the feared and harsh critic Oskar Patrik Sturzen-Becker, who soon became her colleague at Aftonbladet. In the autumn she and her sister Petronella and her three daughters moved to Stockholm. She settled in Gamla Stan (the old town) where many other literary people already lived, close to Aftonbladet’s editorial offices. Her annual wage was a comfortable 1000 riksdaler which she was paid for translating Hierta’s literary pamphlet series Läse-bibliothek af den nyaste utländska litteraturen i svensk öfversättning and she also wrote, translated, and edited material for Aftonbladet. She was also responsible for the newspaper’s serials sections and published a fair amount of her own work. She wrote theatre reviews and some literary reviews. She also provided translations for the theatres. It is hard to provide an overview of everything that Wendela Hebbe wrote for Aftonbladet during what was almost a decade-long employment at the newspaper offices. A few of the entries actually bear her signatures of W., Liana, and Wendela, but several articles at this time were published anonymously. It was not unusual to have a variety of pseudonyms as this served both as a protective device and as a trademark. It was not deemed suitable to be writing for money, particularly not for women, and particularly not for Aftonbladet. Tegnér, who had been engaged in a dispute with that paper for several years, must have been perturbed at Wendela Hebbe’s choice of employer. Wendela Hebbe became sucked into the liberal currents of her era and towards the end of the 1840s and the early 1850s she became involved in documenting poverty and undertook ‘active journalism’ on social welfare reporting from within the poor quarter of the capital city. This led to fund-raising and aid movements. Articles such as ‘Arbetarkarlens hustru’, ‘Krigarens änka’, ‘En fattig kvinna’, and ‘En fattig familj’ served as direct appeals to the readers’ benevolence and received contributions were declared in the paper. Wendela Hebbe’s reports offered a completely new way of serving up philanthropy at that time in the form of popular serials. Wendela Hebbe translated several of the current best-selling authors such as Charles Dickens, Edward Lytton Bulwer, and Eugène Sue for the Läsebibliotek. Wendela Hebbe wrote to Erik Gustaf Geijer in the summer of 1845 telling him that she had been forced to live off of “common literature, the most sterile and thus the most heavily produced type, which forms the world of the translator …”. Translating was a demanding task and tended to be left for women who were often skilled at modern languages and were forced to accept low rates of pay. Wendela Hebbe never became the fourth wheel to novelists like Fredrika Bremer, Sophie von Knorring or (Emilie Flygare Carlén). However, one of her novels has stood the test of time, namely the parsonage-based Brudarne. Through C.A. Wetterbergh’s (Onkel Adam) efforts it was published in 1846 as part of the pamphlet series entitled Originalbibliotek för den sköna litteraturen in Norrköping. In it Wendela Hebbe moved on from the romantic genre of her debut novel to a more realistic depiction of rural life and the disillusion of a young woman when her fiancé returns from the capital city a changed man. Brudarne was selected by (Eva von Zweigbergk) as “the first Swedish girls’ book”, whilst Fredrik Böök has described it as “Wendela Hebbe’s masterpiece of a novel”. Wendela Hebbe also wrote four major plays: Aimé, Skådespelaren och hans hustru, Slaget vid Helsinborg, and the lyrical drama Dalkullan. Although the latter was performed at Djurgårdsteatern the lead role did not go – as hoped – to her youngest daughter Signe. Wendela Hebbe also wrote around 200 romances, ballads and rhymed couplets. Navigating the patriarchal cultural scene of Stockholm, in which women in public were almost viewed as prostitutes, must have been draining. Wendela Hebbe was not just multi-talented and driven, she was renowned for her beauty and it encouraged many suitors. Tegnér wrote in a poem about “the fire of your dark eyes” whilst Almqvist enthused over “Wendela’s dark locks” and Lars Johan Hierta fell head over heels for her. The latter’s attentions generated a response. Hierta, who had five daughters with his wife Wilhelmina as well as an illegitimate daughter whom his wife had already taken in, spent the rest of his life living with both his original family and with Wendela Hebbe’s family. In the winter of 1852 Wendela Hebbe travelled to France and, aged 43, gave birth to a son, fathered by Hierta. Edvard, following a few years abroad returned home as a ‘foster child’ and had to call his mother ‘aunt’ and his sisters ‘cousins’. Clemens Hebbe only officially divorced Wendela in 1864 as he wanted to remarry. In her later years Wendela Hebbe fought both against illness and financial troubles. She suffered from rheumatism and eventually became completely paralysed. Her professional life then entered a creative ballad and fairy-tale period. Her first collection of fairy-tales, entitled I skogen, was published in 1871 and was released in several editions. It was also published in Norway. Under hänggranarne and Bland trollen were published in 1877. Wendela Hebbe spent a significant aspect of her senior years supporting her youngest daughter Signes’ career as an opera singer across Europe. Following a long and largely active life Wendela Hebbe died in Stockholm in 1899. She is buried at the Norra cemetery in Solna.
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If you are reading this in an email you received from me, do not click the link to sat.collegeboard.org below. Use the link to my website that is farther down on the email. http://sat.collegeboard.org/practice/sat-question-of-the-day?questionId=20140205&oq=1 (This link takes you to today’s question. If you use my archive, you will see the question related to my SAT explanation for that date.) The answer is A. Just over a third of the students are getting this question correct which means it would be rated as “hard” by the test writers. I think the grammar is easy but how they structured the sentence is what makes it hard. You can find the grammar explained on my #900 Video series. Just like pronouns, sometimes there are nouns that have to agree with other nouns in the sentence. Because particles and giants are plural they must agree with the noun they represent; they are reflexive nouns. Particles and giants are not underlined; therefore, you have to accept them as the baseline and make the word they represent consistent with their plural form. So, meteorite must be made plural and then, of course, you would have to make shows plural (show). The reason this question is hard is that it is the antecedent that is wrong. I’d bet if the sentence had started with “meteorites” (plural) and then underlined “particle” (not plural) many more students would have gotten it correct. That is why it is important to review grammar rules and then practice using real SAT (and ACT) questions. If you need help, my program covers what you’ll need to know with clear explanations. Practice is the key to reducing your test anxieties, gaining confidence, and raising your score. Let’s see what the ACT folks have for us today. ACT Question of the Day: Use your “back” button to return to my website after reading the ACT Question of the Day. It’s another question that has been used many times before but if you haven’t seen it or don’t remember it, I recommend you read on. I’ll try to write a different set of ideas about it this time. The answer is G. The Science Test is very much like the reading test when it comes to a successful strategy for raising your score. Use PICK. The “I” stands for insertable and you want to eliminate answers that don’t fit in the passage because they either add to or disagree with what you are told. Answer F disagrees because Figure 1 shows succession starting with a “bare field” and not “bare rock.” Answer H disagrees because the figure shows the plants getting taller. Answer J disagrees because the figure shows how the changes are slowing down over time when you read the timeline scale. That leaves G as the correct answer. That was easy. The challenge of the Science Test is the number of questions you have to do and the perceived difficulty of the information you are given. This past Monday, I was tutoring Brad for this Saturday’s test and as he initially looked at some practice Science passages, he remarked how hard, confusing, and intimidating they appeared. However, when he began doing the passages, even the most abstract looking passages were much easier than he suspected they would be. This brings to mind my Pillar VI (Don’t Be Intimidated by the Seemingly Difficult) and the importance of practice. You’ll soon learn that neither the SAT nor the ACT are as difficult as you think they may be. Learn my strategies and you’ll agree. I am planning our summer tour of the US. Check out the approximate route: Let me know if you would like us to stop and conduct our free college admissions and SAT/ACT seminar in your city. It’s hump day. Enjoy the peak of the week and it will be down hill from here. The SAT & ACT Wizard
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Why are children so much better than adults at learning languages? And why is that humans are the only species capable of learning to talk? At the NYU Center for Child Language, director Dr. Gary Marcus, we study the origins of human language: what babies and toddlers know about language, and how they come to know it. Our research, which has been published in prestigious journals like Science and Nature, is funded by the National Institute Health. We are interested both in the very roots of language -- what goes on in the minds of infants, before they've even started to talk -- and in that explosive period from age two to age five in which children make a giant leap from from being mere novices to being fluent language users. If you have a small child, or know someone who does, and would like to help, please let us know, please sign up to bring your baby into
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What’s Wrong With This Picture? DELAWARE RIVER, December 25, 1776. Facing disaster, Washington takes a desperate chance, crossing the Delaware in a surprise attack on the Hessian encampment at Trenton. This painting, “Washington Crossing the Delaware” by Emanuel Leutze, is one of the most famous pictorial images to come out of the American Revolution. Nonetheless, it contains at least one glaring historical inaccuracy. Study the painting and see if you can detect the error. Errors Found In Famous Painting of Washington Crossing the Delaware This is What’s Wrong With This Picture! LEUTZE’S PAINTING of Washington Crossing the Delaware contains three errors often discussed by historians. The most egregious, since it involves an out-and-out historical inaccuracy, is the flag being carried. Notice that it is the flag commonly referred to as “The Stars and Stripes.” This flag did not exist at the time Washington made his famous crossing. The flag in Leutze’s painting was not adopted until June 14, 1777, six months later. Leutze should have shown the Grand Union flag, officially hoisted by Washington himself on January 2, 1776, at Cambridge, Massachusetts, as the standard of the Continental Army and the first national flag. The other errors, albeit minor in nature, are the boat — it’s the wrong size and shape; and Washington’s standing position, while heroic, would likely have resulted in his drowning on that stormy night. Despite these flaws, the painting has endured down through the years as a symbol of the American spirit.
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Monsanto’s Roundup, containing the active ingredient glyphosate, has been tied to more health and environmental problems than you could imagine. Similar to how pesticides have been contributing to the bee decline, Monsanto’s Roundup has been tied to the decrease in the population of monarch butterflies by killing the very plants that the butterflies rely on for habitat and food. What’s been shown to be an even greater threat to the population, though, is Monsanto’s Roundup Ready corn and soybeans. Roundup Ready Crops and Glyphosate Leading to Downfall of Insect Populations A 2011 study published in the journal Insect Conservation and Diversity found that increasing acreage of genetically modified Roundup Ready corn and soybeans is heavily contributing to the decline in monarch butterfly populations within North America. Milkweed, a plant butterflies rely on for habitat and food, is being destroyed by the heavy use of glyphosate-based pesticides and Roundup Ready crops. Over the past 17 years, the monarch butterfly population in central Mexico has declined, reaching an all-time low in 2009-2010. “This milkweed has disappeared from at least 100 million acres of these row crops,” said Dr. Taylor, an insect ecologist at the University of Kansas and director of the research and conservation program Monarch Watch. “Your milkweed is virtually gone…this [glyphosate use on RR crops] is the one main factor that has happened…you look at parts of the Midwest where there is a tremendous use of these crops and you see monarch populations dropping. It’s hard to deny the conclusion.” According to the Department of Agriculture, in 2011 94 percent of soybeans and 72 percent of corn grown in the United States were herbicide-tolerant. Due to this increase, the amount of Roundup used on crops in 2007 was 5 times higher than in 1997, only one year after Roundup Ready crops were available. Another study published int he journal Crop Protection and conducted by Robert G Hartzler, an agronomist at Iowa State, found that milkweed on farms in Iowa declined 90 percent from 1999 to 2009. Additionally, his study found milkweed only on 8 percent of corn and soybean fields surveyed in 2009, which is 51 percent lower than in 1999. Although the butterfly population may be suffering, humans are taking heat from Monsanto’s creations as well. Past research has shown that Monsanto’s Roundup ready crops are leading to mental illness and obesity, primarily by destroying the amount of good bacteria found in the gut. The corporation’s Roundup, containing glyphosate, has also been shown to cause infertility and birth defects. Glyphosate is so present today that it has been found to be polluting the world’s drinking water through the widespread contamination of aquifers, wells, and springs. What may be most shocking is that very high concentrations of glyphosate have been found in 100 percent of urine samples tested in a recent study.
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May 17, 2004 marked the fifty year anniversary of the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case of Brown v. Board of Education, which established that separate but equal was inappropriate and required the end of segregation in public schools in the United States. Yet, today many schools throughout our nation remain segregated as a result of economic discrimination. It is evident that the more affluent neighborhoods have better schools with superior teachers, programs and resources. This disparity in the school system makes it much more difficult for underprivileged children to succeed; thereby, perpetuating the invisible economic class barrier that results from not having equal opportunities available in education at the primary and secondary level. Once a child is deprived of the essential educational skills in elementary school, junior high and high school, her chance of being admitted into college and succeeding in business and life is greatly reduced. This result is unfair and preventable. As a community we must find ways to promote better educational facilities in underprivileged areas. We need to devote greater resources in these schools and ensure that high quality teachers are willing to teach in underprivileged areas. The cycle must be broken and the time has come to make the change.
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威廉二世的德國亟欲成為世界強權,1897年強佔中國山東省的膠洲灣為保護區,並建立起集權的統治機構。德國將膠洲灣保護區視為在遠東展示其威望、科技和文化成就的主要地方,是帝國海軍展現其能力的場所。於是重大工程如港口和鐵路乃必備之物,不過都市規劃以及現代都市所需的各種設施,如自來水、地下排水道、診所和醫院等,也不可或缺。但是,膠澳總督府對建設青島市歐洲人區的積極態度在華人地區前突然消失,只採取防範傳染病的爆發的措施,並以規則和刑罰來規範華人。在建設膠澳保護區的特定目標下,膠澳總督府在衛生建設方面的措施清楚地展現出殖民體制的普遍性和特殊性。 Germany under William II was eager to become one of the superpowers in the world. In 1897, Germany occupied China’s Jiaozhou (Kiautschou) Bay, and established an imperial government to control this “Schutzgebiet”. Kiautschou became the showroom of Germany’s technology, cultural achievment and prestige in the international world. It was also the arena for the Royal Navy to display its strength. The harbor and railroad were thus constructed, as well as the water supply and sewerage systems, clinic and hospitals. However, all these facilities were primarily available to the Europeans in Kiautschou. As for the Chinese, the imperial government remained passive and inclined to adopt only preventive measures against outbreak of epidemic. On the other hand it also adopted new regulations and punishments to prevent the Chinese from any law-breaking behavior, as usual. The colonial government’s policies concerning hygienic facilities in Kiautschou not only exemplify its peculiarity, they also reflects the common attributes of colonial system. 國立政治大學歷史學報, 29, 127-159 The Journal of History, 29, 127-159
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Empowering People Worldwide To Reach Sustainable Wellness Micronutrients are vitamins and minerals required in small quantities that are essential to our health, development, and growth. Each nutrient known today is responsible for specific physiological functions, making them unique and irreplaceable. Overwhelming evidence suggests that lack of these vital nutrients has a profound impact on the body’s immune system. Thus, adequate intake of these vitamins and minerals could mean the difference between a healthy life and a life fraught with disease. Our Micronutrient Test is a comprehensive nutritional analysis of the body’s intracellular function. It measures 35 selected vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and other essential micronutrients within your body, but goes even further - it measures functional, long-term levels within the white blood cells, which means, how well your body actually utilizes each nutrient. This analysis can reveal a person’s functional nutritional status over a much longer period of time than conventional static serum testing, thus, providing you with a more meaningful measurement than all other nutritional testing. This same micronutrient technology also provides a patient with an lmmunidex™ score which evaluates a person's immune system performance. Since immune function is a systemic measure of general health, a higher lmmunidex™ score is generally desired indicating that a person can respond efficiently not only to exogenous threats such as pathogens or allergens, but also to endogenous threats like tumors. In addition, the micronutrient test also measures total antioxidant function (SPECTROX®), which assesses the ability of cells to resist damage caused by free radicals and other forms of oxidative stress. Many people lead healthy lifestyles. yet some individuals still have deficiencies. Why? Because each of us is metabolically and biochemically unique, the micronutrient requirements for one person may be quite different than the requirements of another. Although you may eat a balanced diet, if you do not absorb vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and/or other essential micronutrients properly, you can have deficiencies. Health conditions such as arthritis, cancer; cardiovascular disease, diabetes, fatigue and multiple sclerosis, to name a few, can be affected directly or indirectly by micronutrient deficiencies. Our micronutrient requirements at age 30 are quite different from our requirements at age 40,50 and beyond. Absorption difficulties, especially of vitamin B 12, quite commonly occur as we age. Excessive physical activity, prescription drugs, smoking, alcohol and sedentary habits all impact micronutrient demands. Utilizing advanced technology in intracellular testing, we offer advanced assessment of cardiovascular risk and treatment strategies and provide an innovative diagnostic analysis in the field of anti-aging and personalized medicine. Micronutrient Testing provides the most comprehensive nutritional analysis available by measuring functional deficiencies at the cellular level. Alpha Lipoic Acid Chronic diseases are the most common cause of death in the world and present a great burden for society. particularly diseases such as cancer, obesity. osteoporosis. diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Additionally. the prescriptions used to treat the symptoms of these conditions can further deplete the nutrients most needed for your body Scientists now emphasize that heart disease is actually an inflammatory condition within the blood vessels. Inflammation and oxidative stress work together damaging arteries and impairing cardiac function. Several antioxidant nutrients minimize this inflammatory process. Glutathione is the most potent intracellular antioxidant and actually helps to regenerate other antioxidants in the body Cysteine. glutathione. B2. selenium. vitamin E and vitamin C work together to reduce oxidative stress throughout the entire cardiovascular system. It is essential that balance in the antioxidant system is critical and that use of a single antioxidant may be detrimental. Metabolic syndrome is a group of health risks that significantly increase your chance of developing cardiovascular disease. stroke and diabetes. According to a national health survey. more than I in 5 American adults (47 million) and roughly one million adolescents have a metabolic syndrome and the number is rising. The risk of metabolic syndrome increases with age. affecting more than 40 of people in their 60s and 70s. Obesity is a complex. multi-faceted. chronic disease involving social. environmental. genetic. physiological. metabolic. behavioral and psychological components. It is the second leading cause of preventable death in America. second only to cigarette smoking. Obesity increases risk of heart disease. diabetes. hypertension and a host of other illnesses including cancer. Weight loss drugs and bariatric surgery may also increase risk of chronic disease. In fact. an astounding 98 of bariatric surgery patients exhibit micronutrient deficiencies within two years of surgery Neurological complications such as confusion. impaired muscle coordination. even seizures may manifest after bariatric procedures. due to a lack of B vitamins. especially thiamine. According to the American Diabetes Association. type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes. With this type of diabetes. cells do not receive enough insulin. As a result. cells starve for energy. and over time. a glucose buildup in the blood stream causes negative effects on a person's eyes. kidneys nerves and/or heart. Micronutrients such as niacin. magnesium. calcium. zinc. carnitine. inositol alpha-lipoic acid. as well as vitamins E. B6 and D all play an important role in the prevention and treatment of diabetes. Evidence of nutrition in the prevention or recurrence of cancer is mounting. This evidence based on numerous and remarkably consistent observations suggest that individuals who consume high intakes of fruits and vegetables have reduced risks of most cancers, supporting the concept that micro nutrients do in fact play an important role in the prevention of this particular disease. Antioxidant micronutrients are one of the body's primary defenses against free radicals and reactive oxygen molecules. Low antioxidant status is linked to higher rates of breast and other cancers. In fact, antioxidants such as coenzyme Q I 0, cysteine and vitamin A have been shown to mitigate DNA damage in cancerous tissue and inhibit hormonal toxicities that can initiate cancerous cells. There has been an unprecedented rise in autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) over the years with overwhelming evidence suggesting that nutritional deficiencies may be a contributing factor. Low levels of vitamin D have been linked to autism and in some cases of severe deficiency, high-dose vitamin D therapy actually reversed some autistic behaviors. Some research even suggests that the nutritional status of the mother during gestation can affect behavior in children. One study confirmed that low folate status in pregnancy was associated with hyperactivity in children. Other studies show that persons with a mutation of a common gene, MTHFR, which predisposes them to folate and vitamin B 12 deficiency, were more likely to suffer from ADHD. Supplementation with thiamine (vitamin B I) has shown clinical benefit among some autistic children. Specifically; a deficiency in vitamin B I has been associated with delayed language development in childhood. When deficient. biotin (vitamin B7) can potentially cause neurological problems associated with autism since the brain is quite vulnerable to biotin deficiency. Comprehensive nutritional testing is extremely important, especially in the case of celiac disease. Whether diagnosed or undiagnosed, celiac patients are notoriously at higher risk for nutrient deficiencies, largely due to malabsorption issues. When it comes to supplements, the "more is better" philosophy does not apply. The key is balance. Overwhelming evidence suggests that infertility issues stem from low antioxidant status. Deficiencies in vitamins C and E, zinc, copper, magnesium, folate as well as the powerful antioxidant cysteine have been linked to infertility. In many cases, targeted repletion is very beneficial with fertility and related issues like endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome. Additionally, the demands for specific nutrients during pregnancy and lactation are particularly taxing on a mother, often draining her nutritional reserves. Since nutritional deficiencies can be passed from a mother to her baby, accurate and targeted diagnostic testing is important before, during and post-partum. We offer a complete Cardiometabolic Panel to measure risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. This new panel, which includes an advanced Lipoprotein Particle Profilel", reports clinically relevant biomarkers in three areas: ( I) Glycemic Control (2) Lipid Metabolism and (3) Vascular Inflammation. Each patient is given a pre-diabetic risk score ranging from 1-8 depending on their results. Separate from the comprehensive panel, a Pre-Diabetes panel is also available. Your cellular metabolism and your cardiovascular system (heart and blood vessels) are intricately linked. For various reasons - not just age - our metabolism changes. SpectraCell's CardioMetabolic panel determines three main areas of risk: Keeping your blood sugar stable How we metabolize food dictates how healthy we are. One key is to maintain proper blood sugar at all times - before and after eating. Too little blood sugar (hypoglycemia) causes unpleasant symptoms like headaches, fatigue and irritability. Too much blood sugar damages your internal organs. Keeping your blood lipids (fats) healthy Although the notion of "keeping your cholesterol levels healthy" is very familiar to many, it doesn't tell the whole story. Lipoproteins, which carry cholesterol, are the real players in metabolism and health. There are many different lipoproteins - some good, some bad. SpectraCell's Lipoprotein Particle Profile ™ (LLp™) provides a much more accurate cardiovascular risk assessment.This test answers the question: are your lipoproteins good or bad? Keeping your blood vessels clean and clear The body's natural response to injury or infection is inflammation, which signals that an area of the body is damaged. Heart disease is actually caused by the same response - when the blood vessels are damaged, inflammation occurs, which signals that something is wrong. This injury can ultimately cause heart attacks and stroke. Studies have shown that most people diagnosed with pre-diabetes develop type 2 diabetes within 10 years unless they change their lifestyle. 50% of heart attack victims have normal cholesterol levels. The American Diabetic Association encourages those who are overweight or obese to be tested. However, people who are not overweight should begin testing at 45, and even earlier if they have these risk factors: Hormones playa much bigger role in maintaining one's health than many people realize. In fact, relatively healthy individuals who follow an optimal diet and supplementation plan may still suffer from hormonal imbalance symptoms such as weight gain, fatigue and mood disorders. For this reason, a proper balance of estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, cortisol and other hormones are essential. SpectraCell's hormone panels allow you to pinpoint imbalances, thus, providing you with the information you may need for optimal treatment. In addition, thyroid testing can be added to any panel, which gives you a general scope of metabolic efficiency throughout the body. Besides affecting the way we look, feel and act, hormone imbalances can increase our risk for the following diseases: These include the commonly known sex hormones that impact our mood, metabolism and cancer risk such as testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone. These also include important precursor hormones to testosterone and estrogens such as DHEA-S, considered by many as the "mother hormone" since all other sex hormones are derived from it. These control the production and release of other hormones. They include follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and lutenizing hormone (LH) which regulate reproductive health in both men and women. In addition, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and prolactin are measured, both which may inhibit the action of major sex hormones like testosterone. These affect every cell in our body as most basic functions like metabolism, emotions and thinking are directly regulated by thyroid hormones. We also test several proteins that affect thyroid function as well as antibodies to thyroid which can detect autoimmunity (when the immune system attacks healthy tissue) and your levels of cortisol, the stress hormone. Comprehensive male and female hormone test panels are offered. Both end-point steroid hormones as well as precursor hormones are included so the precise place of imbalance in the complicated hormonal cascade can be pinpointed. Several peptide hormones are also included as well as a complete thyroid panel, including thyroid antibody testing. Like nutrients, an imbalance of one hormone can initiate a cascade of events that alters other hormones, so a comprehensive look at hormone status is essential. FEMALE HORMONE PANEL MALE HORMONE PANEL THYROID PLUS ADRENAL T3 Free (FT3) Measures the length of your patient's telomeres revealing risk of age related diseases. Studies have shown a direct correlation between telomere length and cardiovascular health and therapies directed at slowing the loss of telomere length may slow aging and age-related disease. Reveals genetic markers critical for determining treatment strategies to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease and other chronic disease conditions. We offer several genetic tests that complement our integrative test menu. The results of MTHFR genotyping give valuable information about a person's ability to methylate. Methylation is a crucial part of cell processes and reduced function has been linked to a multitude of medical conditions. The results of the genotyping of ApoE have important implications in the treatment strategies for individual patients in reducing cardiovascular disease risk FactorV Leiden and Prothrombin genotyping indicate whether a person has an increased likelihood of forming blood clots (thrombosis). Presence of either gene increases the chance of deep vein thrombosis, and may also provide useful information on heart attack risk. Telomeres are sections of DNA at the end of each chromosome that serve as a cap to your genetic material. Every time a cell replicates, its telomere will become shorter: Shorter telomeres imply a shorter life span for a cell. Age adjusted telomere length is the best method to date to assess biological age using structural analysis of chromosomal change in the telomere. Serial evaluation of telomere length is an indicator of how rapidly one ages relative to a normal population. Therapies directed at slowing the loss of telomere length may slow aging and age-related diseases. An inflammatory diet, or one that increases oxidative stress, will shorten telomeres faster: This would include refined carbohydrates, fast foods, processed foods, sodas, artificial sweeteners, trans fats and saturated fats. A diet with a large amount and variety of antioxidants that improves oxidative defense and reduces oxidative stress will slow telomere shortening. Consumption of 10 servings of fresh and relatively uncooked fruits and vegetables, mixed fiber; monounsaturated fats, omega-3 fatty acids, cold water fish and high quality vegetable proteins can prevent premature shortening. In addition, caloric restriction is advised combined with an exercise program. Fasting for I 2 hours each night at least 4 days per week may also be protective. Shorter telomeres have been associated with metabolic abnormalities, obesity and several degenerative diseases including cancer; dementia and cardiovascular disease. In vitro studies have shown that telomeres are highly susceptible to oxidative stress, which will shorten telomere length and enhance cellular aging. Minimizing associated risk factors that are linked to shortened telomere activity is recommended and include: Studies have shown that telomere length is strongly associated with CVD risk,nutritional deficiencies (particularly antioxidants) and cancer: Telomere testing may be a useful biomarker for risk assessment. When it comes to our bodies, we want to make choices that have a positive impact on our health. But some of those decisions – eating the wrong foods, making certain lifestyle choices, even the way we exercise – could impact our body's ability to maintain optimum health. Even if we think we’re making the right choices, there are other factors that help determine our overall picture of health. When it comes to your health, the answers are in your genes. Your DNA tells a story: how you process foods, how you react to exercise, how your environment affects your body. The Gene SNP DNA Analysis offers insights into six major categories of weight and wellness. Some genes show correlations between diet and exercise that can affect certain cardiovascular functions. Specific genes correlate to the buildup of fat tissue in the body. How much a person weighs and how that fat tissue is distributed in the body depends largely on individual genetic makeup. Knowing this information provides a better assessment of what size and weight is realistic. Certain genetic variations relate directly to food processing, such as how the body reacts to fat, protein and carbohydrates. These variations, as well as an individual’s eating habits, combine to give an overall picture of how an individual will react to certain food groups. Our bodies are made up of two kinds of muscles: slow and fast twitch. Each individual’s genetics favor one over the other, and this information can direct the individual to the type of exercises he or she should employ to more effectively burn fat and help regulate blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Some genetic inclinations determine how easy or difficult it is to make good choices concerning foods. When an individual understands his or her genetic tendencies to cravings and food reactions, they can better manage situations where they may overeat. Some genetic markers show gaps in a patient’s ability to process vitamins in a way that will maximize their ability to use them. Knowing where the deficiency is allows an individual to complement his or her diet with the best nutrients to help fill in the gaps. Many nutrients help directly in weight loss and the metabolism of fat. The Gene SNP DNA Analysis combines your individual diet, lifestyle and environmental information and scientifically merges it with your genetic background. Then, it examines a wide variety of genes and SNPs to provide a Health Action Plan designed specifically for you based on your genetic profile. The Health Action Plan makes recommendations based on how your body metabolizes food, utilizes nutrients, removes toxins and responds to physical activity. By understanding how your genetic profile affects your well-being, and then providing practical suggestions that focus on your diet, nutrition, exercise and supplementation, the Gene SNP DNA Analysis will help you take charge of optimizing your wellness. Over the last few decades, developments in the science of genetics and technology have transformed our understanding of disease. This advent in medicine has made early intervention and effective management a real possibility for both Health Professional and patient alike. Today, we know the degree to which diet influences the balance between healthy and disease states may depend on an individual's genetic makeup. Services like genetic analysis can help develop a practice and its wellness program by introducing patients to advantages of testing and improved health outcomes. Some diet-regulated genes (and their normal, common variants) are likely to play a role in: Dietary intervention, based on knowledge of nutritional requirement, nutritional status and genotype, can be used to prevent, mitigate or remedy chronic disease. The Gene SNP DNA Analysis is a comprehensive kit that provides a laboratory analysis of specific gene variants in your genetic material (DNA) that have been found to influence health. A helpful guide for Health Professional interpretation provides valuable information about various lifestyle habits that relate to the gene variants being tested and product recommendations. Anyone under the care of a physician/health professional concerned about how their genetic makeup plays a role in diet, nutrition and exercise should use this product. Your health is a result of interactions between your genes and lifestyle factors, such as diet, exercise, stress, smoking and alcohol. It is your genetic makeup that determines which nutrients are utilized, how they are used, the way toxins are removed and how effective these key processes are within the body. The best part is that the results remain accurate throughout your life since your gene makeup does not change. Since your genes don’t change, you have the ability to optimize the functioning of your genes through diet, exercise and nutritional supplementation. And while you can’t change your genes, you can change your lifestyle and how your genes behave. Most states have laws prohibiting genetic discrimination, and the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 (or “GINA”), is a federal law that protects Americans from discrimination by health insurance companies and employers on the basis of DNA information. This law does not cover life insurance, disability insurance, or long-term care insurance. For more information, please visit http://www.genome.gov/10002328 In the privacy of your Dr’s office, we simply use a mouth swab to collect cheek cells, which contain your DNA. The swabs are put into the white swab envelope provided after drying. We send the swabs with the Genetic Assessment Request Form and the Consent Form in the padded envelope with a prepaid shipping label provided in the kit to the processing laboratory. Once at our certified laboratory, DNA is extracted from your swabs and then prepared for analysis. The DNA is analyzed using the latest genotyping technology to give the most accurate results. Your DNA analysis is then matched with the answers you provided into the Online Customer Profile. Once all of this data is compiled, it is entered into a sophisticated, algorithm-based computer software program that generates your confidential, easy-to-follow Gene SNP Health Action Plan. Typically, it takes three to four weeks for you to receive your Gene SNP analysis results The analysis of your DNA is in compliance with the Quality Assurance and Accuracy Verification Standards of the CLIA certified laboratory. The accuracy of the genetic analysis is greater than 95 percent. Sometimes the sample provided does not contain enough DNA because you just brushed your teeth, or you drank coffee or tea or used tobacco products within 4 hours prior to sampling. Another possibility is, the swabs did not dry long enough before putting the swabs in the envelope, or if it took too long (longer than 10 days) to reach the laboratory for analysis. It is important that we follow the swab instructions in the kit. Protecting your privacy is at the core of Gene SNP DNA Analysis. We recognize your need for strong privacy protection and the careful management of your personal information. Any information you share is kept strictly confidential and is secured electronically using sophisticated encryption technology. The laboratory personnel and others who are required in the processing of your genetic results have been trained and tested to meet the requirements of Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). Your results are handled as Protected Health Information (PHI), as defined in HIPAA and regulations promulgated by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services in accordance to that defined in 45 CFR, §160 and Subparts A and E of §164. Your genetic information will be encrypted and will not be directly associated with your personal information collected from your Online Customer Profile, but will be stored in a database maintained in accordance to CLIA and HIPAA standards. While this information may be used by the laboratory research affiliates to conduct further analyses for commercial purposes, under no conditions will this information be released to third parties in a way that discloses personal information, except with your written permission, unless required by law. The laboratory is vigilant against breaches of security, and improves security and privacy safeguards on a regular basis. January 14th & 15th: PROPTA Certified Professional Personal Trainer Course - Crown Plaza - New York Sports Club,1601 Broadway & 49th Street - 15th Floor, NY, NY 10019 June 26 – 27 – 28: Smart Preps Workshop in Bengaluru Venue: F. I. T. T. Club - #96, 3rd floor, 60 feet Road, Chandra Layout, Vijayanagar – 560040 June 29 -30- & July 1: Cama Hall – Veer Savarkar Memorial Complex, Shivaji Park, Dadar West Mumbai July 3 – 4 – 5: Smart Preps Workshop in Kolkata Venue: Golds Gym Alipore, Raj Kiran Building, 19A Alipore Road, Kolkata – 700027 My latest Podcast episode with "Health Tips Radio Show" from Bangalore, India. Please do hear it! Your attitude, almost always determines your altitude in life. Empowering People Worldwide To Reach Sustainable Wellness
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The unemployment rate in California has been declining at a faster pace than the nation. Compared to the stateaEUR(TM)s peak unemployment of 12.4 percent in 2010, the unemployment rate has now dropped by about 2.3 percentage points. During the same period, the unemployment rate in the U.S. dropped by only 1.6 percentage points. While unemployment rates in California are still higher than the national average, this has been true even during economic booms. PPIC studies show that even during the technology boom of the late 1990s, CaliforniaaEUR(TM)s unemployment rate was higher than the national rate, but employment growth was also higher. One key reason is the stateaEUR(TM)s growing population and labor force. Over the last five years, CaliforniaaEUR(TM)s labor force grew by about 2.1 percent, while the national labor force grew by only 1.1 percent. CaliforniaaEUR(TM)s economy generates jobs at about the same pace as the national average, but the faster-growing labor force and population keep unemployment rates at higher levels than the national average. One important area of the California economy has now surpassed the pre-recession employment levels. The professional, scientific, and technical services sector continues to be a dominant driver of the economy and an important source of new jobs. The Milken InstituteaEUR(TM)s 2011 Technology and Science index ranked California as one of the leading states, with top marks for R&D, risk capital and entrepreneurial infrastructure, and the concentration of tech industries in the state. The California metros also hold three of the top 15 spots in the latest Kauffman Index of Entrepreneurial Activity, where the Los Angeles area tops the chart with 580 entrepreneurs per 100,000 people. The strong performance in entrepreneurship suggests that despite apprehensions about CaliforniaaEUR(TM)s business climate, the state is still a popular location for starting businesses. Many of the stateaEUR(TM)s high-tech industries are located in the San Francisco Bay Area, which lead the state in the economic recovery. San Francisco and San Jose lead with 2.9 and 2.5 percent gains, respectively, in non-farm jobs from September 2011 to September 2012. Los Angeles saw a gain of only 1.8 percent, less remarkable than the Bay Area but still beating the national average of 1.4 percent. The Bay Area continues to report a robust growth in jobs, as 8,800 jobs were added to the area in October. San Jose already leads the nation in advanced manufacturing, with about two out of five jobs in the area support the industry. A recent Forbes study highlights the strengths in CaliforniaaEUR(TM)s overall economy: • CaliforniaaEUR(TM)s $2 trillion economy still puts it as the ninth largest in the world, representing 13 percent of the U.S. economy. • Over the next five years, the stateaEUR(TM)s economy is expected to grow 3.6 percent annually, one of the highest growths in the nation. • Forecasted job growth ranks in the top for the nation. • California represents 10 percent of the 1,000 top largest U.S. public and private companies. All in all, California is more than a coastal state with nice weather; it is a state with a bright economic future.
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Get ready for a fun filled week of preschool space activities to use in your classroom or centers! My preschool space theme activities are designed to introduce your child to academic skills and concepts in an engaging way! These Preschool math and reading centers are easy enough for a parent to complete with their child or in a classroom. Each of the 5 days of preschool space activities include a reading or writing component, a math activity, a craft, and a space read aloud. Activities Included in this Resource: - Preschool Reading Activities: -identifying capital and lower case letters - Space Themed Math Activities: -One to one correspondence -simple addition (to 10) - Preschool Space Crafts So what are you waiting for? These math and reading centers are the perfect, low prep addition for your weekly space theme.
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Fear of the Dentist ? Our answers. FEAR OF THE DENTIST It concerns over 30% of the population and makes some patients give up dental treatment. Our experience and training enable us to offer different types of patient management in terms of pain and anxiety, in order to give access to dental treatment to all. It all starts with a professional welcome and a constructive dialogue to determine your needs and our solutions. This is how trust is built. Conscious sedation is not general anesthesia. A behavioral or drug-induced technique producing a soothing state enabling treatment to be carried out, but during which verbal contact with the patient is maintained throughout the procedure. The drugs and techniques used to provide conscious sedation for dental treatment have remarkable safety and efficacy records. The level of sedation is such that the patient remains conscious, retains protective reflexes, and is able to respond to verbal commands. Some techniques induce amnesia, making the patient feel he has slept throughout the procedure. (DSTG : Dental Sedation Teachers Group, UK, 2015.) In some few cases, simple conscious sedation techniques can be insufficient or contraindicated to undergo dental treatment with optimal quality and safety conditions. A general anesthesia can therefore be indicated. We call on a dedicated anesthetists team to deal with it.
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“Miss, who’s Maya Angelou?” Over the past few months as we’ve celebrated Women’s History and Black History month I’ve come to understand one thing, my students aren’t entering into high school with prior knowledge of Black poets. Now, it ain’t all of em but after one asked me who Maya Angelou was I began to run down a list of authors/poets which included James Baldwin, Lorraine Hansberry and Langston Hughes. No student knew. My goal for National Poetry Month and the rest of the year is to create opportunities that allow students to analyze different forms of poetry through a historical lens. Harlem Renaissance‘s own Langston Hughes is best known for his poem Harlem “A Dream Deferred” which brings up the question of the ways in which life shifts as we stop focusing on our dreams. However, his poem “I, Too, Sing America” and “Let America be America Again” provide lines to explore race, class & American culture. Maya Angelou, a staple in some of our curriculums is still often times not explored within English & U.S History courses. Let’s be clear…… I have an unwavering love for Angelou. The moment I heard she was speaking at my alma mater USC in 2011…all my classes were cancelled. Not really, I cancelled them myself. I had to see her in person. That feeling I had, however, has yet to be discovered for many of my students because many curriculums do not highlight the voices of Black artists, authors and poets. We are often times after thoughts, thrown in but not deeply and critically explored. Therefore as I move past the Great Depression, into WWII and begin lessons on the Civil Rights movement I’ll be sure to include Angelou’s “Still I Rise” and hopefully “Phenomenal Woman.” “The world changes according to the way people see it, and if you alter, even but a millimeter the way people look at reality, then you can change it.” James Baldwin As educators, our jobs are to do exactly what Baldwin mentions above, shift the way our students view the reality around them. In order to do so I believe it’s necessary to not just use the poets mentioned above or some from their era but also elevate poets like those featured on Def Poetry Jam within the classroom. There are obviously dozens of Slam Poets featured on the now historical HBO series but some of my favorites to use in class are the following: - “Cotton” by Preach (We Built This) - We know we built this shit but the way Preach describes it truly kept my students engaged and they had a lot of questions after. Throughout the poem he not only says we built this country but also that we still “cotton pick” on store racks. Great way to discuss slavery, economy, capitalism and “secure the bag” culture. - “So I Run” by Will the Real One Bell, RIP - This one I LOVE to show to students – “I run till I get to Jackson, MS and its June 11, 1963 and I’m standin’ in the bushes, with this white man in front of me and as I peek over his shoulders, I can see what he sees and I scream, Medgar look out!” Bell creates amazing visuals as he goes back in history warning Malcolm X, MLK, Biggie, Pac and more the moments before they are killed. - “Knock Knock” Daniel Beaty - This one explores Daniel’s relationship with his absent father and the ways in which he currently navigates the pain as well as uses it as inspiration. - “What Are You Fighting For?” by Gemini - Gemini explores street culture and questions the reasons behind soldiers losing their lives on “blocks they do not own” - “Where I’m From” by Lemon - “Where I’m from is known as the borough of royalty, the infinite party rocka, the home of Big Poppa, 92 door knockers” – just play this one - “Innocent Criminal” by Pat’s Justice - “America is a rich man’s vision, but a poor man’s prison” – Pat’s poem is brilliant. He performed it at 20 and explores the link between our history, the crack epidemic and the current state of the criminal justice system. Also, he’s “from the city of fallen angels where ni*s ain’t scared to bleed” ….I had to add a LA native to the list. - Alicia Keys – P.O.W. (From her book Tears for Water) - This poem tackles the struggle of holding in our words specifically how we become trapped being complacent / complicit instead of speaking out. Great poem to highlight the importance of communicating our feelings/emotions despite respectability politics. Genius Lyrics - “Motives & Thoughts” by Lauryn Hill - Motives and thoughts explores the importance of knowing the motives behind how and why we all communication and act a certain way. Lauryn performs it beautifully and if used within an English/History curriculum it could be a groundbreaking entrance into discussing friendship, future, mental health, individualism and more importantly how the classroom can be used to break through the veil of ignorance. Genius Lyrics does an ammmazing job breakin’ down this poem. Print this and the conversation will almost run itself. Lastly …. One of my all time favorites - “We Made It” by Sunni Patterson - Sunni’s performance of “We Made It” is gripping from start to finish. The poem is vulgar, shocking and the cold blooded truth about Blackness, slavery both modern day and the past. The range of conversations that could occur through using this poem are endless. Genius Lyrics All of the poets I’ve mentioned are groundbreaking and phenomenal in their own right. As a season 1 – 6 DVD holder of Def Poetry and just overall Before using any in the classroom definitely check them out becaussssee ya’ll know some of them may be considered “controversial” “radical” or just the truth.
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Mobile Storytelling In Augmented Reality Environments We live in a culture with an unprecedented capacity to merge the physical and the digital, transforming our relationships to objects and our environment through the addition of computer-generated information to create interactive narratives and spatialized storyworlds in the emerging field of augmented reality. Augmented reality experiences are created by registering virtual images in real-time to the physical world and are typically viewed via head-mounted displays or mobile phones. But what constitutes a successful, compelling and emotionally rich experience in such environments? This module provides an introduction to mobile AR technology, including wearable displays and computing hardware, registration, user interaction, tools for creators, and collaboration, grounded in a larger discussion of mobile storytelling. Module Level: Introductory - requires no prior knowledge. By the end of the module students will be able to: - prototype a mobile augmented reality experience, and understand the steps that would be involved in - ----creating a full-fledged experience; - develop an understanding of spatial storytelling techniques for the construction of compelling and --emotionally rich mobile narratives; - demonstrate critical writing skills and imaginative capacity. Suggested Learning Activities and Assignments Through a series of short interviews with experts, combined with hands-on demonstration videos, students are introduced to examples of mobile AR storytelling and techniques. They are asked to imagine their own mobile augmented reality storytelling experience, prototype it on paper, and reflect critically on what it means to augment or mediate the physical world with digital information. Prototype: Drawing on concepts from the module videos and online resources, students use existing tools for AR creation to craft a mobile storytelling experience on paper or a digital map, using their own or found digital artifacts. Critical Reflection: Students prepare a written or multi-modal reflection on the strengths and limitations of existing AR stories, tools, viewing situations and techniques. Futurist Exercise (pass/fail): Students are asked to look beyond current hardware/software configurations to imagine mobile AR storytelling of the future. What if one could throw away the clunky head mounted displays and forget for a moment, the dangers of walking through the urban landscape holding out an iPad. What would we create? Dr. Caitlin Fisher (York University) directs the Augmented Reality Lab and held a Canada Research Chair in Digital Culture for the past decade. A 2013 Fulbright Chair, Caitlin is the recipient of many international awards for digital storytelling. She serves on the Board of Directors for the Electronic Literature Organization, and the Humanities Arts Science Alliance and Collaboratory (HASTAC). Caitlin’s current research explores new literary forms in mobile augmented reality. Caitlin is also a co-founder of Futurestories Press, publishing works in both augmented and virtual reality.
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Illustration: Tyler Lang A suit filed May 12 in the Southern District of New York by the American Civil Liberties Union and the Public Patent Foundation at the Benjamin Cardozo School of Law in New York City represents the latest attempt to make American intellectual property law less restrictive. At issue are several patents on the genes BRCA1 and BRCA2, the infamous “breast cancer” genes, held by Utah-based Myriad Genetics Laboratories. Parties to the suit include pathologists, geneticists—both as members of professional scientific organizations and as individual researchers—and individual patients. Since Myriad holds these patents, it is the only company in the United States allowed to screen patients for variants of the two BRCA genes that are known to greatly increase the likelihood that a woman will develop breast or ovarian cancers; this monopoly means that the company is able to charge $3,600 for each comprehensive scan. Furthermore, the scientists involved in the suit are not able to carry out either clinical or basic research without approval from—and fees paid to—Myriad. This is not the first rebellion against Myriad’s BRCA patents. European researchers spent seven years disputing the equivalent patents on that continent, which were ultimately limited last autumn; according to one researcher, it was the exorbitant licensing fee, more than the idea of patenting gene sequences or the idea that an individual could restrict the abilities of others to do science, that drove the scientists to resist the patents. Indeed, money is at the very bottom of the issue here. Article I, Section 8, Clause 8 of the US Constitution authorizes Congress to protect the work of inventors in order to “promote the progress of science and useful arts.” That can be read to mean that there must be incentives to do research—one must be able to make a living—else science will not happen. Who would dispute that? But that clause also must be read in a more general sense, so that making money alone is not treated as the sole enabler of the progress of science. Myriad Genetics’ BRCA patents enable them to make money, but in the end, the patents describe little worthy of protection: You could teach the biology covered to a room full of high school students and still have 10 minutes until the bell rang for lunch. The ideas embodied in the patent seem the very picture of unpatentable obviousness. Among other things, the patents cover even the very act of comparing two copies of the BRCA genes, from both cancerous and noncancerous tissues in a patient, to see if they are identical—even when using methods for gene assays that are not themselves patented! And, of course, the patents control the sequences of many variants of the genes. A patent on the thing that must be studied for science to progress is inherently an impediment to scientific progress. That may not be what the law says yet, but it’s time it did. Science in a Time of Economic Cholera The Australian science community, braced for budget cuts, got a surprise this week when the Australian government announced a 25 percent increase in the federal science budget to approximately US$4 billion, including roughly US$370 million to create space for an extra 50,000 college students by 2013, and more, although some critics, as ScienceInsider reported, worried that too great an emphasis was being placed on infrastructure. Austrian scientists meanwhile were blindsided last Friday when its government decided to pull out of CERN, the organization that built the Large Hadron Collider, after participating for half a century. One may seem good for science, the other bad—although CERN will no doubt survive the departure of the Austrians—but it seems quite likely that both decisions are motivated by the same logic, and that it is likely not what is best for science. German ScienceBlogger Florian Freistetter and others have responded with petitions to keep Austria in CERN. The trouble, from one perspective, with participating in a venture such as CERN is that the rewards and glory devolve onto a multitude. As scientists in the US are well aware—and as those in Australia seem to be—the surest ways to get a government to spend money on science is to emphasize national economic impacts, the stimulated demand for blue-collar jobs thanks to construction, maintenance, and other tasks, and the long-term rewards of innovation and global economic competitiveness. Such rhetoric could conceivably undermine opportunities for the kind of blue-sky research that particle accelerators represent, and it is deployed at the user’s risk. But it is the language most politicians speak, and the one that voters seem to want to hear. So, if those Austrian physicists want to keep working in Switzerland, it might behoove them to start talking about the industrial applications of the LHC’s technological underpinnings at least as much as they talk about looking for the Higgs boson. Can Carbon Taxes Turn Environmental Politics on Its Head? British Columbia’s carbon tax survived an electoral battle this week. Surprisingly enough, however, it was being defended by the center-right Liberal party and opposed by the center-left New Democratic party, which was calling for an easing of the tax, the institution of a cap-and-trade program, and also a wider environmental platform. As ScienceBlogger James Hyrnyshyn observes, even in 2012, when the BC carbon tax goes up, it will still remain too low to have a major impact on emissions. But it is a beginning. With the law on the books, raising the tax further in the future ought to be easier, and it has a real potential to mature into a tool that can help steer economic activity away from industrial processes that have a negative impact on efforts to combat climate change. The election coincided with the introduction of a bill in the US House of Representatives to introduce a carbon tax in the United States. Introduced by two Republicans, Bob Inglis of South Carolina and Jeff Flake (perhaps the most libertarian of congressmen) of Arizona, and a Democrat, Daniel Lipinski of Illinois, the bill has yet to garner the attention being lavished on the Waxman-Markey cap-and-trade bill. But, as most economists reckon that a carbon tax is the best way to control the emissions of carbon dioxide, it deserves a further look. Aiming to be revenue neutral, the carbon tax would be accompanied by deductions in payroll taxes, thereby providing long-lasting economic stimulus by making employees cheaper to employ. Furthermore, it would send a strong signal—even far ahead of the ultimate maximum tax of $100 per ton of carbon dioxide, proposed to take effect in 2040—that the US has decided that carbon-dioxide–spewing industry needs to become as extinct as the plants that became the coal we now so casually burn. The Gut of the Superorganism A paper by Audrey Dussutour of Paul Sabatier University in Toulouse and Stephen Simpson of the University of Sydney, published in Current Biology this week, revealed the importance of larvae to the communal nutrition of a colony. In Dussutour and Simpson’s experiment, multiple colonies of ants were captured. The larvae were removed from some of them, and all colonies were then fed for 50 days: the diets could have protein to carbohydrate ratios of 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, or 1:3. The foragers follow an apparent rule that calls for gathering a certain amount of carbohydrates, regardless of how much protein that brings into the nest. Interestingly, Dussutour and Simpson found that colonies with larvae were better able to compensate for unfavorable nutrient ratios in their food. Protein, while important to insects, will kill them in too-great quantities; in Dussutour and Simpson’s experiment, protein-heavy diets increased larval mortality and reduced the population of the colonies by up to 50 percent when larvae were not present. Ultimately, according to the two biologists, this means that the workers are not fundamental to keeping the colony from poisoning itself with protein. Instead, the larvae—which can seem to be just passive recipients of food—are in fact processing the protein, for their own growth and for feeding in small quantities to adults, and then excreting it. All the workers do is carry the excess away. It’s one more amazing example of how fine the division of labor in a superorganism can be. Originally published May 15, 2009
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According to a study conducted by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, administrative license suspension (ALS) laws reduce the number of fatalities on the road during nighttime hours when people are most likely to drink and drive. Such laws authorize the police and law enforcement authorities to confiscate the license of anyone who refuses to take a chemical test or fails such a test. The Insurance Institute research points out that among 17 states that Have ALS laws, alcohol-related fatalities were reduced by approximately six percent. In a long-term study from 1976 through 2002, ALS laws in 38 states reduced alcohol related fatalities on the road by five percent. In addition, the research indicates that when compared to DWI offenders who did not receive an ALS suspension, drunk drivers who had their licenses automatically revoked were less likely to drink and drive and be involved in a crash. The study concluded that longer periods of ALS revocations are likely to be more effective than shorter periods of suspensions. What are ALS Laws? Administrative license suspension (ALS) laws give the police and other law enforcement officials the authority to confiscate the license of anyone who fails a chemical test or refused to submit to a chemical test. For example, if a person gets pulled over by the police for suspected drunk driving, that person is subject to having their license revoked on-the-spot if they fail a chemical test or refuse to take it. Unlike a traditional license suspension, an ALS revocation occurs before a person is actually convicted of a drunk driving offense. However, drivers are usually given a temporary license for a brief period, during which time they can challenge the suspension. If the driver doesn’t challenge the suspension, or if the suspension is upheld, his or her license will be revoked for a prescribed period of time. It is important to understand that the ALS revocation does not replace criminal prosecution, which is handled separately through the courts. Are ALS Laws Constitutional? Yes. In several cases, people have claimed that their due process rights were violated by having their licenses suspended prior to a conviction. However, because the ALS laws provide for a prompt post-suspension hearing, the courts have ruled that ALS laws do not hinder a person’s right to due process. Moreover, high courts in several states have also ruled that ALS laws do not violate the double jeopardy clause of the Fifth Amendment. Are All ALS Laws the Same? No. Although 41 states, including New York, and the District of Columbia have ALS laws, they all vary based upon how long a driver can have a temporary license and the amount of time he or she has to contest the suspension at a hearing. Some states, such a New York, allow for drivers to get a conditional license to drive to and from work. However, conditional licenses may be revoked if a driver commits a traffic infraction. In New York, if a driver with a conditional license is pulled over for drunk driving, he or she will be charged with a felony, in addition to new drunk driving charges. Do ALS Laws Cost Money to the Taxpayers? No. In fact, many ALS laws actually make money for the states. Drivers who have had their licenses revoked must often pay a reinstatement fee to get a new license once the suspension period has passed. Answers to many frequently asked questions regarding ALS laws can be found here on the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety website. Mothers Against Drunk Driving also provides an overview of the program.
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Translation of decolonize in Spanish: - Example sentences - This fourth option involves nothing short of decolonizing the Nation of Anishinabe. - British army personnel were prioritized, but when the number of military dead surpassed that of British losses in Cyprus, the IRA realized that Britain would or could not easily decolonize Ireland. - We had a policy under which the nations of the so-called ‘developing world,’ today, would have been decolonized immediately at the end of the war, under U.S. power. What do you find interesting about this word or phrase? Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.
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Computers have taken over the world in many ways. It is difficult to find a job that does not make use of this technology in some way or another. Whether it’s a desktop, a laptop, or a mobile device, every employee needs a way to access a common pool of information. That’s where the BYOD policy comes into play. What Is A BYOD Policy? BYOD stands for “bring your own device,” and is also sometimes called BYOP (bring your own phone), BYOT (bring your own technology), or BYOPC (bring your own personal computer). All of these are just different ways to refer to the same thing. These policies allow a person to use their own devices, as opposed to using devices supplied by a company. There are two contexts in which this kind of term might be used. Mobile service providers will sometimes require that you use a device that is issued by their company. Thankfully, most of them are not this strict. Most mobile service providers will let their customers use whatever devices they choose. The other context is a work-related one, and this is where we shall place our focus today. As we said, most businesses make use of computerized devices and company networks. There are several good reasons to let your employees use personal devices, and also a few good arguments against the practice. The biggest benefit of a BYOD policy is the ability to save large amounts of money. It’s probably safe to say that this is the main reason to adopt such a policy. When you make your employees use an issued device, that means you have to buy as many devices as you have employees. That can add up to a huge expense, even if you buy relatively cheap mobile devices and keep it minimal. On top of that, you have the cost and trouble of maintenance. When something goes down, it will be your responsibility to get repairs done. A BYOD policy eliminates both of these problems quite neatly. You won’t have to buy a truckload of new devices, and you won’t have to do nearly as much IT maintenance. When employees use their home devices, it becomes their responsibility to keep things updated. Obviously, an employer should assist in this department, but the majority of the obligation is removed. This isn’t really unfair to the employee because they would need to keep their device updated anyway. There is also something to be said for the convenience factor. Your employees won’t have to take the time to learn a new system, which saves time and money on training costs. In theory, this should also cut down on employee mistakes to a certain extent. Finally, we should mention the fact that BYOD policies make it easier for a person to work from home. For some businesses, this may not be a major factor. However, companies with a lot of home-based workers will probably need a policy of this type. As we have outlined in the section above, you can save a lot of money by switching to a BYOD system. However, there is a price to be paid, and that price is paid in security. When all of your employees are using a provided device, you can exercise a lot more control over what they do and how it is done. If your business is such that you feel the need to micromanage certain aspects of your company operations, you will find it easier to do so without a BYOD policy. When you own the computer or mobile device on which your employees are working, you retain ownership rights. This gives you the right to modify a device in ways that provide better security. For these reasons, we would advise that you avoid a BYOD policy if your company has a particularly great need for security. Once you allow privately-owned computers to access your network, that permission becomes harder to control. You might be able to control what they do at work, but you have no control over their home lives. Thus, the danger of unauthorized access becomes much larger. Besides, it isn’t just your employees that might cause a problem. Privately-owned home computers don’t tend to be all that secure, and mobile devices tend to be even less so. If you make them use issues devices, on the other hand, you can do regular security audits and updates to make sure that each device is as well-protected as possible. If you really need a high-security BYOD setup, we would recommend that you consider the use of a well-encrypted network. For the record, asymmetric public-key encryption (better known as PGP and GPG) is the only type of encryption that is never known to have been broken. You can also run into trouble with a BYOD policy if your employees do not own a computer or any other mobile device. Alternatively, they might own something that is outdated and difficult (or impossible)to adapt to your system. For instance, there are a lot of people who still use flip phones, especially older people. These devices provide little or no internet access, so they will probably be unsuitable. Thus, you might end up having to issue a few devices anyway. How Popular Are BYOD Policies? To answer this question, let’s consult this study on BYOD trends. This study involved nearly 4,000 people in 17 different countries, so it’s pretty extensive. First of all, we can see that BYOD policies are much more popular in emerging markets than in established ones. The highest rates of BYOD use were found in Malaysia, Singapore, India, and the UAE. For more developed countries like Sweden, the UK, and the USA, the rates of BYOD usage hover around 45-50%. Of the developed countries listed, the highest rates of BYOD usage were found in Spain (65%), Italy (55%), and Germany (50%). These numbers make a lot of sense when you consider the fact that companies located in developing nations often have a lot less money. At the bare minimum, such companies will often have very little startup capital, so they have to cut costs in any way they can. Getting their employees to self-furnish their tech devices is one of the only ethical ways to do so. One of the other graphs in this study gives us another interesting insight. We can see that workers in developing countries feel that BYOD policies aid their ability to work from home. We can see that these companies have more people working from home, and thus, more need for a flexible BYOD policy. Surprisingly, we can see that most companies do not require their employees to sign a BYOD policy. The graphs in our study show that, even in countries where BYOD is the norm, most users have not been made to sign policies. This seems like a reason to be concerned, as it denotes a lack of control and a much more disturbing lack of security. The highest rate of BYOD policy usage is in India, and the rate is only about 40%. Most of the countries on this graph are below the 20% mark. There is another graph here that is even more concerning. It seems that the majority of corporate IT departments don’t even know anything about this idea! While this seems odd, they might have simply been unfamiliar with the terms used, but we can see that there is a definite lack of awareness in the IT industry. The only exceptions to this trend were Japan(45%) and Italy(43%), With most other nations coming in well below the 20% mark. Tips For Establishing A Good BYOD Policy Now, let’s talk about the nuts and bolts of the matter. When you decide to implement a policy of this type, you will have to set some rules. This section will give you a few pointers to help you there. Make Sure Everyone Signs The Policy You cannot expect people to follow the rules if you don’t make them clear to everyone. It’s not enough to just tell people what is expected of them, as it will often go in one ear and out the other. A written policy makes things a lot clearer, especially if the employee has signed on the dotted line. This kind of thing is also desirable from a legal perspective. Unfortunately, there are people who do all sorts of illegal things on the internet and/or on their home devices. If, by chance, one of your employees does something illegal or scandalous, that signature can protect you from liability. On a less serious note, this agreement can cut off a lot of potential excuses. No one can claim they didn’t know the rules after they have signed papers to that effect. Have An Exit Strategy When someone leaves your company, you need to make sure they cannot continue to access your network. Obviously, there are all sorts of bad things that can happen if you fail to address this problem. There are many ways to prepare an “exit strategy.” For instance, you might make it so that employees need access to a certain app in order to access your network. This app can have a set of login credentials just like any other, and these can be revoked upon termination of an employee. You might also use a set of auto-updating security certificates. Any employee who doesn’t have the most recent certificate will be unable to access your network. Create A List Of Blocked Sites The internet is a big place, and some of it is very ugly. Thus, you want to make sure that your employees cannot engage in questionable online activity while using your network. Obviously, you cannot (and should not attempt to) control the home browsing habits of your employees. That is both impossible and morally wrong. However, you have every right to control your company’s network. - Pornography sites - ALL onion/deep web sites - The install page for the TOR browser (used to access onion/deep web sites) - Social Media sites (wastes too much time) - Sites with politically controversial content - Dating sites (again, a waste of company time) - Illegal downloading sites (and their accompanying torrent apps) Set Reasonable Boundaries For Support Although a BYOD policy will reduce the need for IT support (because the employee will be responsible), you will need to provide some level of tech support for your workers. If you don’t do this, the slightest problem can cause massive delays. As we all know, lost time equals lost money, and productivity figures will be lowered as well. Thus, it really is worthwhile to help your people out on this. Most people can use a computer or mobile device, but many people have no idea how to fix them when something goes wrong. You cannot reasonably expect all of your employees to be good at that, so your IT department needs to pick up the slack. Of course, you do need limits on the support that is offered. Where you set those boundaries will be up to you, but you must make sure that these guidelines are simple and easy to understand. Some companies have found BYOD policies to be incredibly helpful, while some others have found them to be more trouble than they are worth. Many others have found their results to be mixed, and that is why no one can tell you if this policy is right for your business…except you! As with any business decision, you must weigh the potential gains against the potential losses. With a system like this, you gain a lot of convenience in exchange for slightly less security. If you have found our work to be helpful, we invite you to learn more by filling out the contact form below.
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"Flying Saucers" to be hunted down Mystery has U S baffled New York (AAP) The next "flying saucer" seen in the United States will be chased by fighter planes. "Flying Saucers" look like brightly shining metallic discs. They race across the sky at terrific speed. Many of them have been reported since June 25, but as the Army and Navy have denied all knowledge of them the reports have been received with scepticism. Now, however, they are becom- ing so numerous that the Army has decided to try to find out what the "saucers" are. Some people say they are 10 or 12 inches in diameter, and others that they are bigger than any known plane. Aircraft equipped with guns and telescopic cameras are standing by in Oregon and Cali- fornia ready to take off. It is over these two States that most of the "saucers" have been seen. An official at the Hayden planetarium says that the "saucers" might be masses of ice-crystals high in the sky. A professor of astronomy at Columbia University thinks that they might be similar to pheno- mena observed during the two World Wars when speeding air- craft churned up the atmos- phere and caused distortions of light rays.
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- Author: Rachel A. Surls Not so long ago, as recently as the 1950’s, Los Angeles County was the number one agricultural county in the United States. While urban sprawl has long since consumed much of the county’s farmland, many Angelenos are surprised to learn that we still have significant commercial agriculture in Los Angeles County. We tend to think of our county of 10 million-plus residents in urban terms, but in fact, a large population can co-exist with significant agricultural production, as recent US Department of Agriculture (USDA) census data makes clear. The USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service conducts a nation-wide agricultural census every five years, and results of the 2007 census recently became available. I was interested to see the comparisons between the 2002 and 2007 reports for Los Angeles County. The number of farms has actually increased 12% from 1,543 farms in 2002 to 1,734 farms in 2007. Farms became a bit smaller, declining 13% from an average 72 acres to an average 63 acres. What constitutes a farm? According to the USDA, “for the purpose of the Census of Agriculture, a farm is any place from which $1,000 or more of agricultural products were produced and sold, or normally would have been sold, during the census year. The $1,000 value is not adjusted for inflation”. Where do we stand in terms of California agricultural production? Los Angeles County is ranked 28th out of the 57 California counties in terms of the gross value of agricultural products, according to the California Department of Food and Agriculture’s (CDFA) California Agricultural Resource Directory for 2008-2009. The CDFA directory lists LA County’s top five crops as: - Ornamental trees and shrubs - Bedding plants - Root vegetables - Orchard fruit - Hay, alfalfa And, we are the #4 onion producer in California, the #5 nectarine producer and the #5 raspberry producer among California counties. The raspberries surprised me! Both data sources are attached if you’d like to learn more.
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It is a common knowledge that smoking isn’t good for your health and it is equally harmful to your oral health. Tobacco damages your teeth in many ways such as it limits your mouth’s ability to fight infection and when your mouth becomes defenceless, plaque and bacteria starts developing in your mouth. Following are the harmful effects of smoking on your oral health. - Tooth discoloration The most common and obvious sign of smoking is yellow or stained teeth. The chemicals stick to your tooth enamel causing your teeth to stain over time. You can go for teeth whitening treatment which can help treat the discoloration, but if you smoke regularly, it will be impossible to stop or reverse the problem completely. - Periodontal disease According to Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC), smokers are twice at risk of having gum disease as compared to non-smokers. The risk of gum disease increases with every cigarette you smoke and periodontal treatment tends to be less responsive. The treatment doesn’t work well because smoking limits the ability of your mouth to fight bacteria, which allows it to grow on your teeth and eventually advance towards your gums. If this is left untreated, your gums may start to pull away from your teeth, which can weaken your bone structure. When this becomes severe, it causes the bone and the tissue that holds the teeth in place to break down, which may lead to tooth loss. - Bad Breath Cigarette remnants stay in your mouth for long, even after a cigarette is finished, which leads to bad breath. Due to smoking, there is an overgrowth of bacteria in the smoker’s mouth that leads to terrible breath. No amount of brushing and flossing will help to eradicate the bad breath as it is caused due to gum disease, oral sores, or decay. Prolonged and continuous smoking can also lead to the inflammation of the salivary glands which can be painful and result in salivary gland stones to develop. - Delayed healing Smoking not only increases your risk of problems such as tooth extraction and oral surgery but also slows down the process of your body’s ability to recover from these dental procedures. It also lowers the chances of a successful dental implant surgery. The more your mouth stays in the vulnerable condition, the more it is prone to further complications. - Oral cancer The most severe smoking related mouth condition is oral cancer. Smoking can lead to oral cancer and its chances are increased when smoking is combined with heavy drinking. The early signs of oral cancer can be a white and red patch in your mouth, which is accompanied by difficulty in chewing, swallowing, numbness of your jaw, and even ear pain. These symptoms can also be due to some other causes, but if you notice these signs for more than two weeks, then you should consider visiting a doctor. Your dentist can help you by advising and treating your oral health issues and mitigating the problem. Dental health problem is just one of the many issues that smokers suffer from, but if you quit smoking, it will help you in ensuring a healthier lifestyle. If you want to know more about your dental health problems and how to deal with it, contact Expressions Dental™ Clinic in Calgary. Our dental team is here to help you with all your dental doubts. Make an appointment by calling us at +1 (403) 252 7733.
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High-quality information about causes, diagnosis & treatment of silent reflux, also known as LPR. You are not alone with laryngopharyngeal reflux. When left untreated, silent reflux, also known as laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) can cause damage to your esophagus, throat, and voice box. Learn Natural Cure Home Remedies Gerd Natural Remedy For Heartburn While Pregnant and think about dropping harmful habits pertaining to instance smoking and drinking. Let me introduce myself. My name is Mark Sisson. I’m 63 years young. I live and work in Malibu, California. In a past life I was a professional marathoner and triathlete. Feb 5, 2018. Silent Acid Reflux, or Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is a condition that. It is commonly seen in GERD patients, but may occur on its own. No matter if you have frequent heartburn, GERD, LPR, or a combination of these, it’s important to control your symptoms to avoid additional health problems. The key contributor to laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) are malfunctioning. acid production will work for LPR as it does for reflux into the esophagus (GERD). Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is an abnormal flow of stomach contents into the esophagus. When that stomach acid travels up the esophagus and. This SLP CEU course focuses on GERD and LPR and swallowing and voice disorders in adults. Offered for 0.4 ASHA CEUs. Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR) aka “Silent Reflux” LPR Can Cause: Hoarseness Chronic Cough Trouble Swallowing Too Much Throat Mucus A Lump in the Throat May 16, 2006. Both LPR and GERD can be evaluated by a variety of diagnostic tests, including barium esophagography, radionucleotide scanning, the. Nov 14, 2016. Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is also known as silent reflux. LPR doesn't cause. Common symptoms of LPR, Common symptoms of GERD. Mar 15, 2006. LPR is caused by reflux into the larynx and often occurs in the absence of typical gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms, such as. Feb 6, 2018. LPR is treated in pretty much the same way that traditional reflux, or GERD ( gastroesophageal reflux disease), is treated. Interestingly, although. Control of LPR has proven difficult with the usual treatments for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Reflux may present as various subtypes including. So here is what (LPR) laryngopharyngeal reflux is: LPR occurs when reflux goes above the upper sphincter and into the throat. It usually occurs without heartburn, less than 15% of people with this problem have heartburn. Apr 6, 2018. What is GERD/LPR? When you eat, food passes from your mouth, down your throat into your “food pipe” called the esophagus. The esophagus. What Dog Food Is Good For Acid Reflux They are a good source of magnesium, which is found in many medicines for acid reflux. Furthermore, melons have a pH of 6.1, making them only mildly acidic. Especially good transnasal, esophagoscopy, GERD, LPR, Koufman, endoscopy. TRANSNASAL ESOPHAGOSCOPY (TNE) “Anyone with acid reflux or who has chronic hoarseness, heartburn, indigestion, sore throat, difficulty swallowing, or chronic cough should have a screening transnasal esophagoscopy performed to rule out Barrett’s esophagus or esophageal cancer.” LPR is similar to Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, or GERD. It occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (LED) does not close properly and the stomach. Most people with LPR do not experience heartburn, a frequent symptom of GERD. Most silent reflux can be treated with medication and lifestyle changes. Despite its name, silent reflux, also known. Hey friend! Welcome to Gerdwise, a blog about healing acid reflux naturally. Gerdwise is dedicated to providing you with the latest research, GERD news, and natural reflux treatments. Apr 16, 2018. Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is the retrograde movement of gastric. symptoms associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Ear, nose and throat specialists at Sound Health Services are specially trained in diagnosing and treating reflux disorders such as GERD and LPR. Treatment of GERD. The term Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR) refers to the backflow of food or. Because LPR is silent, it is sometimes difficult to diagnose. Jul 18, 2014. Fifty percent of people with LPR also have GERD. Know the difference between and learn how to cure GERD (gastroesophageal reflux) and. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), also known as acid reflux, is a long-term condition in which stomach contents rise up into the esophagus, resulting in either symptoms or complications. How might acid reflux lead to coughing and how is this diagnosed? Learn about treatments, prevention methods, and other causes of chronic coughing. Tobacco and alcohol are known risk factors for laryngeal cancer. Although gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) have. Can you experience LPR without any heartburn or other GERD symptoms? Yes! Many people with LPR do not have symptoms of heartburn. Why? In order for refluxed acid to cause heartburn, it has to stay in the esophagus long enough to cause irritation. Improving Your Posture to Reduce GERD, Reflux and Heartburn Symptoms. In adults, a slouched posture can be an important factor contributing to GERD. Gerd And Backache Bronchitis and Back Pain. Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which lead to the lungs. Symptoms associated with the condition are back pain and a chronic cough. Bronchitis I’ve been doing some research on GERD, being newly diagnosed, and have read a number of articles indicating that Post-Nasal Drip is an aspect of GERD. Download a pdf of this GERD information. GERD Overview. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs when the upper portion of the digestive tract is not functioning properly, causing stomach contents to flow back into the esophagus. LPR has the name "silent reflux" due to not necessarily triggering the usual symptoms of acid reflux, such as heartburn. However, silent reflux can lead to hoarseness, frequent throat-clearing. Most individuals with heartburn/acid reflux can be treated successfully with medication and minor behavioral modifications.
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---Medicinal Action and Properties---Refrigerant, diuretic, deobstruent and somewhat astringent. Has been used in inflammation of the skin, malignant ulcers, intermittent fever, etc., and as a vulnerary, and externally as a stimulant application to sores. Applied to a bleeding surface, the leaves are of some value in arresting haemorrhage, but they are useless in internal haemorrhage, although they were formerly used for bleeding of the lungs and stomach, consumption and dysentery. The fresh leaves are applied whole or bruised in the form of a poultice. Rubbed on parts of the body stung by insects, nettles, etc., or as an application to burns and scalds, the leaves will afford relief and will stay the bleeding of minor wounds. Fluid extract: dose, 1/2 to 1 drachm. In the Highlands the Plantain is still called 'Slan-lus,' or plant of healing, from a firm belief in its healing virtues. Pliny goes so far as to state, 'on high authority,' that if 'it be put into a pot where many pieces of flesh are boiling, it will sodden them together.' He also says that it will cure the madness of dogs. Erasmus, in his Colloquia, tells a story of a toad, who, being bitten by a spider, was straightway freed from any poisonous effects he may have dreaded by the prompt eating of a Plantain leaf. Another old Herbal says: 'If a woodhound (mad dog) rend a man, take this wort, rub it fine and lay it on; then will the spot soon be whole. ' And in the United States the plant is called 'Snake Weed,' from a belief in its efficacy in cases of bites from venomous creatures; it is related that a dog was one day stung by a rattlesnake and a preparation of the juice of the Plantain and salt was applied as promptly as possible to the wound. The animal was in great agony, but quickly recovered and shook off all trace of its misadventure. Dr. Robinson (New Family Herbal) tells us that an Indian received a great reward from the Assembly of South Carolina for his discovery that the Plantain was 'the chief remedy for the cure of the rattlesnake.' The Broad-leaved Plantain seems to have followed the migrations of our colonists to every part of the world, and in both America and New Zealand it has been called by the aborigines the 'Englishman's Foot' (or the White Man's Foot), for wherever the English have taken possession of the soil the Plantain springs up. Longfellow refers to this in 'Hiawatha.' Our Saxon ancestors esteemed it highly and in the old Lacnunga the Weybroed is mentioned as one of nine sacred herbs. In this most ancient source of Anglo-Saxon medicine, we find this 'salve for flying venom': 'Take a handful of hammer wort and a handful of maythe (chamomile) and a handful of waybroad and roots of water dock, seek those which will float, and one eggshell full of clean honey, then take clean butter, let him who will help to work up the salve, melt it thrice: let one sing a mass over the worts, before they are put together and the salve is wrought up. Some of the recipes for ointments in which Plantain is an ingredient have lingered to the present day. Lady Northcote, in The Book of Herbs (1903), mentions an ointment made by an old woman in Exeter that up to her death about twenty years ago was in much request. It was made from Southernwood, Plantain leaves, Black Currant leaves, Elder buds, Angelica and Parsley, chopped, pounded and simmered with clarified butter and was considered most useful for burns or raw surfaces. A most excellent ointment can also be made from Pilewort (Celandine), Elder buds, Houseleek and the Broad Plantain leaf.
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The world body in charge of fighting animal diseases called for action against widespread abuse of antibiotics in livestock farming, which leads to drug-resistant bacteria, but warned on Wednesday that a ban would leave the world short of protein. “The use of antibiotics is today essential to ensure sufficient animal production to feed the planet. Without antibiotics there would be supply problems of animal protein for the human population,” Bernard Vallat, director of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) told a news conference. Antibiotics are widely used in cattle, pigs and poultry to prevent or cure diseases and in many -regions to boost output as several of them have side-effects that increase growth speed. Scientists say overuse of antibiotics can allow resistant strains of bacteria to become dominant, undermining the efficacy of the drugs. The debate over the impact of the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry has intensified in recent weeks with several countries, including the US and Germany, taking or considering new measures to control it. Vallat called for better training of veterinarians worldwide and for a fight against the illegal trade in antibiotics, which is widespread in poor countries and on the Internet, to avoid misuse of antibiotics in rearing livestock. “If you take the 100 poorest countries that take no precaution on this matter, we can see antibiotics passed around just like candies, without prescription,” he said, adding that this was true for both human and animal antibiotics. Livestock industry groups argue that using antibiotics in animals keeps them healthy and does not have a direct link to development of resistant strains of bacteria affecting humans. US health regulators last week placed restrictions on animal use of a class of antibiotics often used to treat diseases like pneumonia in humans. German Agriculture Minister Ilse Aigner said on Tuesday the country also intends to restrict the use of antibiotics in farm animals. A survey by German environmental group Bund on Monday found that 10 of 20 samples of chicken meat sold in German supermarkets showed antibiotic-resistant bacteria. These can affect humans, notably if they eat meat that is not properly cooked. Similarly, a study showed in April that meat found on US grocery store shelves often contained high levels of bacteria, with more than half of the bacteria resistant to multiple types of antibiotics. The EU banned the feeding of all antibiotics to livestock for growth promotion purposes as of 2006, a rare move that Vallat advocated at the global level, including in the US. The main producers of antibiotics for livestock include Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly and Pfizer. The market represents only a thin share of the entire antibiotics market and Vallat regretted many companies had stopped making major investments in the sector.
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Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella, Escherichia coli and Campylobacter from Pigs on-Farm in Alberta and Saskatchewan Canada Fifty-nine percent of the Salmonella were pansusceptible. Isolates from sows were more likely to be pansusceptible than those from other production phases, while Salmonella from nursery pigs were more likely to be multiresistant. All Salmonella and E. coli were susceptible to ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin, drugs critically important to human medicine, while one E. coli was resistant to ceftiofur. Resistance was most common to tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole (Salmonella, 35% and 27%; E. coli, 68% and 46%). Although often considered an indicator organism, E. coli AMR was a poor sentinel for Salmonella AMR at the herd-level. Antimicrobial resistance genes, described in 151 E. coli, were associated in two sets: aadA1 / sul1 / tetA and blaTEM / strA strB / sul2 / tetB. Associations between genes consistently matched associations between phenotypes suggesting phenotype data may be useful for predicting co-selection. Demonstrating dose-response relationships between various antimicrobial exposures and resistance phenotypes in E. coli reiterated the importance of co-selection. Significant predictors included exposures in other production phases and to unrelated drugs. Four E. coli resistance-phenotypes were associated with macrolide exposure; the most commonly used antimicrobial class in study herds. Additionally, 70% of the Campylobacter were resistant to a macrolide and this resistance was associated with macrolide exposure in nursery pigs. Study herds did not use quinolones. Despite this, 15% of Campylobacter were resistant to a quinolone. Both Campylobacter and E. coli AMR clustered within herds, indicating on-farm interventions could mitigate AMR in pigs. This study described AMR in enteric bacteria from healthy pigs. Identifying dose-response relationships between antimicrobial resistances and exposures to unrelated drugs, and exposures of pigs in different production phases, emphasize the importance of judicious antimicrobial use in pig production. Advisor:Waldner, Cheryl; Reid-Smith, Richard; McEwen, Scott; Harding, John; Dowling, Patricia School:University of Saskatchewan School Location:Canada - Saskatchewan Source Type:Master's Thesis Keywords:on farm swine resistance use antimicrobial Date of Publication:09/21/2007
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Co-creation involves organizations, entrepreneurs, artists, experts and people coming together people to create new artifacts including books, movies, music, art, software, products and solutions. Artists, entrepreneurs and organizations benefit from the contributions of community members, while contributors showcase their insights and creativity, and get rewarded in terms of recognition or prizes. The rise of co-creation can be attributed to three broad trends. First, millions of people all over the world are expressing themselves not only by posting blogs, photos, and videos, but also by hacking software and hardware, and making art and craft. Second, people are increasingly thinking of themselves as creators, showcasing their creations in online portfolios (Behance (video), deviantART, SoundCloud), and selling their creations in peer-to-peer online marketplaces (Etsy, Cafepress, Zazzle (video), BandCamp, Lulu). Third, people are teaching each other how to create things (Howcast, Instructables (video), Skillshare (video), Craftsy (video)), and learning by making things together, in online (DIY.org) and offline (MakerFaire (video) communities, often building upon easy-to-use open-source kits (Arduino). Author Patricia Martin calls this cultural movement “The Renaissance Generation“. As a result, we are seeing a number of platforms focusing on different aspects of co-creation. Threadless (video) invites its community members to submit t-shirt designs in theme-based challenges. HitRecord invites artists to upload their creations, remix others’ creations, and participate in collaborative projects. Quirky (video) and Ahhha (video) invite wannabe inventors to collaborate with the community to convert their ideas into products. Cut On Your Bias (video) invites fashion enthusiasts to collaborate with new fashion designers on their upcoming collections. Other platforms, like OpenIDEO (video), which we have covered in our report on collaborative social innovation, focus on bringing together businesses, governments, non-profits and change makers to co-create innovative and sustainable solutions around a shared purpose. In the public consciousness, co-creation communities are best known for the free user-created encyclopedia Wikipedia and the free and open source operating system Linux, but they have also resulted in books (The Mongoliad, Business Model Generation), movies (Life in a Day (video), Britain in a Day (video), The Cosmonaut (video), CollabFeature (video)), music (Genetic Music Project) and art (The One Million Masterpiece). Some of these co-creation platforms and projects have had significant impact. For instance, Threadless’s community of 2.3 million members have submitted and voted on 260,000 t-shirt designs and won $7.1 million in awards. National Geographic and YouTube received 4,500 hours of footage in 80,000 submissions from 192 countries for Life in a Day and the YouTube channel has been viewed 34 million times. The success of co-creation platforms like Threadless shows that people don’t only desire to express themselves creatively, but they also want to create together with likeminded creators, in online and offline communities. Equally importantly, the success of co-creation projects like Life in a Day shows that it’s possible to break down big creative endeavors, like making a movie or creating a product, into small tasks, inspire thousands of contributors to engage in the task, then aggregate the contributions back into a meaningful artifact. Co-creation communities can be classified across three important dimensions: the relationship between initiators and contributors, the possibilities for participation, and the nature of collaboration. Typically, the platform owners, or their partner organizations initiate co-creation projects (Threadless, Cut On Your Bias, OpenIDEO, Life in a Day), but community members can also initiate projects (HitRecord, Quirky). On many platforms, community members retain the right to their own contributions, but winner usually give over their rights for prize money, or licensing fees. In some cases, the initiators share the ownership of the project by releasing it under a Creative Commons license. Most co-creation platforms enable community members to submit contributions, activate their social networks, and rate, vote and comment on contributions. Some also provide gamification features like points and levels to encourage community members to participate more (OpenIDEO, Quirky). A few platforms also enable community members to collaborate with others and form teams. Some platforms are more restrictive, and only allow community members to vote on options (Cut On Your Bias). Most co-creation platforms rely on challenges to attract contributors and encourage participation, so community members often end up competing with each other. However, many co-creation platforms incentivize community members to support others’ contributions by rewarding them with social influence (OpenIDEO) or cash (Quirky), or creating a culture of quid-pro-quo collaboration (Threadless). In essence, all co-creation communities are designed around four dynamics: connect, catalyze, crystallize, and celebrate. First, platforms need to connect community members around a shared interest so that they have a context to engage with the platform and with each other. Then, platforms need to catalyze contributions, often by running time-bound challenges. Next, platforms need to synthesize these contributions into meaningful artifacts and products. Finally, platforms need to celebrate the most powerful or popular contributions by rewarding them. “Consumers are beginning in a very real sense to own our brands and participate in their creation… we need to begin to learn to let go.” – A. G. Lafley, former CEO and Chairman of P&G Branded co-creation communities can be classified into three models: branded challenges on niche crowdsourcing platforms, branded co-creation challenge platforms, and ongoing co-creation communities. In the first model, brands run short-term public or private challenges on niche crowdsourcing platforms to tap into their specialized communities: designers, developers, animators, filmmakers, engineers, or scientists. Challenges typically have phases for entry submission, community voting, and selection of winners by jury members. Creativity-driven challenges related to creative designs, branded videos and animation films (Zooppa, PopTent (video), Tongal (video), Eyeka (video),MOFILM, Springleap, Talenthouse) are typically public, and winners are often selected based on a combination of community voting and jury judgment. Solution-driven challenges related to software applications, product innovations, and business solutions (Top Coder, Kaggle (video), Local Motors (video), Innocentive (video), Jovoto (video)) are sometimes private and winners are sometimes selected based on objective technical criteria. In the second model, brands create their own co-creation challenge platforms to engage their community members and crowdsource branded videos (Doritos Crash the Super bowl, Pepsi Halftime (video), Tata Indica Xeta Shootout) and product innovations, including limited edition designs (Nescafe Dolce Gusto’s Euro Design Contest, Citroen You Like It We Make It (video), Heineken Your Future Bottle (video), Nike ID (video)), new food and beverage flavors (Mountain Dew Dewmocracy (video), Lays Do Us a Flavor (video)), Domino’s Australia Social Pizza (video), McDonald’s Mein Burger (video), Lec Ice Cream), new product designs (Fiat Mio (video)) and business solutions (GE Ecomagination Challenge (video), GE Healthymagination Challenge, GE Imaging Innovation Challenge). Some brands host the challenge on niche crowdsourcing platforms to tap into the community, but also promote them on their own branded destinations (GE Quest (hospital video, flight video), Domino’s Ultimate Delivery Vehicle (video)). Other brands need to create their own branded destinations to provide sophisticated dashboards to community members to pick and choose product options to customize their product (Nike ID, McDonald’s Mein Burger, Fiat Mio). Some challenges offer separate community prizes based on community voting, and jury prizes based on jury selection, and some reward community members who offer constructive comments and feedback with prizes. In the third model, brands build and nurture their own co-creation communities and encourage contributions through a series of challenges (Heineken Ideas Brewery (video), Domino’s Think Oven)). The most successful of these co-creation communities, like Nike ID (video), not only run a series of challenges but also create value for consumers between challenges, by enabling them to customize the products on an ongoing basis. Other co-creation communities, like LEGO CUUSOO (video), rely on the almost unlimited passion of their brand fans to sustain engagement, and only need to regularly review popular submissions, and launch them as new products. Several brands have invested heavily in ongoing ideation platforms to co-create the brand experience with their customers and launch product and process innovations based on customer ideas (BarclayCard Ring(video), My Starbucks Idea, Dell Ideastorm, Best Buy IdeaX). These communities rely less on challenges and rewards, and more on community engagement and customer support, to sustain participation from community members. All the three models need brands to incentivize community members to submit and support contributions. Incentives can range from social influence and gift cards on one extreme, to a Super Bowl TV spot (Doritos Crash the Super bowl), a million dollars or 1% of net revenue (Lays Do us a Flavor), or a $10 million commercial contract (GE Ecomagination Challenge). Throughout the year, we have tracked the conversations around a number of crowdfunding platforms and branded crowdfunding programs in our weekly insights reports and quarterly magazines; here are a few highlights. In 2011, LEGO opened up its Japanese crowdsourcing platform CUUSOO to global audiences, inviting adults to submit and vote for new LEGO product designs. Levent Ozler, editor-in-chief of Dexigner, summarized the process: “Ideas that are supported by 10,000 votes have a chance of being selected to become part of the LEGO Group’s product portfolio and sold in LEGO Brand retail stores and the LEGO online shop. Consumers who have their ideas chosen will earn 1% of the total net sales of the product.” CUUSOO’s 10,000 vote requirement helps streamline the crowdsourcing process. The Idea Connection team noted: “Lego receives original ideas but is not weighed down by too many which can be costly and time consuming to examine. And fan support can provide some kind of indication of the potential popularity of a concept.” The fan-facing effort has challenged LEGO to increase the speed of its product release cycle. Matthew Kronsberg, a writer at Fast Company, said: “Such an outpouring of [fan] interest would be squandered though, if that consumer desire was left to wither through a traditional product development cycle. And this is where the second, and possibly more significant piece of the Cuusoo endeavor comes into play: Lego Minecraft will go from concept to release in roughly six months, rather than Lego’s typical two- or three-year process.” There are currently 3,787 live projects at LEGO CUUSOO. Three co-created products have been launched to date, and a fourth one is in production. LEGO has launched several efforts to nurture and enable a spirit of creation amongst adults and children alike, with digital tools LEGO Digital Designer and LDraw, and social networks LEGO Club and ReBrick. Joren de Wachter, an IP strategy consultant, noted: “The genius of Lego is to embrace and share that creativity, rather than trying to own it.” To celebrate its 40th anniversary in Germany, McDonald’s launched Mein Burger, a six-month-long crowdsourcing campaign that invited Germans to make their own burgers online. People used a ‘Burger Configurator’ tool to choose from 70 ingredients (bread, meats, sauce) to build their dream burgers, and to give them personalized names. Nidhi Makhija, member of the MSLGROUP Insights Network, pointed out that these names served as an outlet for creativity and acted as content pegs people could push out while asking for votes: “It helps differentiate the crowdsourced burgers without having to scrutinize the ingredients. The burger inventors can name their creations after themselves for an ego boost. And the comedians out there get to have some fun (someone even suggested a “Mc Gyver” burger!).” People then gathered support from their social networks using a DIY marketing tool kit from McDonald’s. Blogger Reuben Halper noted: “It’s all about the execution in this case as Razorfish created a compelling experience for users to generate their own bespoke burger creation. Perhaps more importantly, they also provided the tools to for users promote their burger creation and encourage their friends, as well as the general public, to vote for the eventual winners.” The five most popular burgers were featured in McDonald’s TV commercials and served at 1,415 McDonald’s locations in Germany for a week each. Online, 116,000 burgers were created, 12,000 user-generated marketing campaigns were created and 1.5 million votes were cast. In real life, the campaign set local benchmarks for promo burgers sold, customers gained and revenue raised. In two years, more than 460,000 recipes were created and voted upon – an abundance of data and insights for McDonald’s. The campaign has been launched with adaptations in Austria, the Netherlands and Spain. In March 2012, Heineken launched Ideas Brewery, a platform through which the brand shares co-creation challenges and connects with consumers. The first challenge asked people for ideas on Sustainability, the second challenge asked people to Reinvent the Draught Beer Experience, and the third challenge asks people to share insights on the 60+ demographic. The team at Coverstories highlighted the need to co-create designs and products with consumers: “For a company with consumer products it should be regular way to work out new ideas. Whether public or a closed focus group, tapping into real customer thinking can’t be wrong and offers a valuable reality-check on product development. In terms of Innovation Management it is currently the most effective and productive way to go.” To participate in the Ideas Brewery challenges, people submit their elevator pitch online in the form of text, images or video. Raz Godelnik, a contributor at TriplePundit, wrote: “In Heineken’s contest, not only can everyone access ideas…but they can also vote for their favorite ideas. Participants are also encouraged to promote their ideas via social networks, as number of votes is factored in to which ideas win the contest.” A jury selects finalists who are invited to a co-creation workshop in Amsterdam to refine their ideas with Heineken experts and make their final pitch. Then, three winners are announced and receive a share of $10,000. Co-creation challenges around crowdsourcing designs, videos and stories have already become the norm for adding a social media component to brand campaigns, and many creators are becoming fatigued with them, forcing brands to support them with bigger paid media budgets, more attractive prizes, and celebrity endorsements. We foresee that, going forward, the best way to run such challenges on a small budget would be to partner with a niche creative crowdsourcing community like Jovoto or MoFilm. We also expect such creative crowdsourcing communities to specialize by country and language, with Neocha Edge in China and Brandfighters in Netherlands being early examples. At the same time, we expect more brands to run higher order co-creation challenges focused on product innovation and incentivize contributors with a percentage of revenue (Lays Do Us a Flavor), and even create ongoing co-creation platforms to invite ideas from customers (Dell Ideastorm) or enable customers to customize their products (Nike ID). We also expect third-party product innovation communities like Quirky to create end-to-end new product development solutions for brands, beyond ideation. Author Nilofer Merchant lists co-creation as one of the 11 Rules for Creating Value in the Social Era: “More and more companies embrace consumers as “co-creation” partners in their innovation efforts, instead of as buyers at the end of a value chain. Consumers, traditionally considered as value exchangers or extractors, are now seen as a source of value creation and competitive advantage. This collaboration shares power between the participants as we start to recognize value creation as an act of exchange, not simply a one-way transaction. As an exchange, all parties need to do it sustainably as each must have equilibrium to stay viable.” We also expect that more organizations will follow PepsiCo’s example in replicating co-creation best practices across brands (Mountain Dew Dewmocracy, Doritos Crash the Super bowl, Pepsi Halftime) and countries (Lays Do Us a Flavor), and run them over multiple years (Doritos Crash the Super bowl, Lays Do Us a Flavor) to maximize the benefit from them. Even as white label co-creation solutions like MSLGROUP’s People’s Lab, Brightidea and Spigit mature, we expect more players to enter the markets with niche offerings. Some of them will specialize in platform-specific co-creation apps (like Napkin Labs for Facebook), while others will specialize around use cases (like product customization). We also expect more niche crowdsourcing communities like Zooppa and Innocentive to offer specialized white label solutions for brands to host both short-term and long-term co-creation communities. Finally, we also expect crowdfunding platforms like Kickstarter to differentiate themselves by adding features and incentives to encourage community members to not only fund projects, but also co-create them. This is the fifth report from our upcoming People’s Insights Annual Report titled “Now & Next: Future of Engagement,” to be published as an interactive iPad app. The report will highlight the ten most important frontiers that will define the future of engagement for marketers, entrepreneurs and change makers: Crowdfunding, Behavior Change Games, Collaborative Social Innovation, Grassroots Change Movements, Co-Creation Communities, Social Curation, Transmedia Storytelling, Collective Intelligence, Social Live Experiences and Collaborative Consumption. In each of these reports, we start by describing why they are important, how they work, and how brands might benefit from them; we then examine web platforms and brand programs that point to the future (that is already here); then finish by identifying some of the most important features of that future, with our recommendations on how to benefit from them. Do subscribe to our email newsletter to receive each report and also an invite to download a free copy of the interactive iPad app.
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There are various methods of ensuring birth control, and one increasingly common method is the Essure medical product. Essure is a small, flexible coil insert that is made titanium alloy and nickel. The product is inserted into the body through a routine procedure, where the coil is placed in the fallopian tubes. After three months, scar tissue begins to form around the coil, preventing conception. Essure has been approved by the FDA since 2002, yet it has been far from successful. There have been nearly 15,000 Essure-related medical events as well as at least 30 Essure-related deaths reported. In 2015 and 2016 alone, 11,192 events were reported to the FDA regarding this product. The most commonly reported problems with the product include: - Pain, primarily abdominal pain - Heaver menses/menstrual irregularities - Weight fluctuation - Device incompatibility - Device migration or breakage - Allergic reaction to nickel - Device not operating as expected - Malposition of the device - Unintended pregnancies, including ectopic pregnancies - Fallopian tube, uterus, and colon perforation Aside from harming the women that have Essure implanted, there have also been other consequences. The product is reported to have caused more than 300 fetal deaths. In addition to fetal casualties, there have been an additional 26 deaths reported including women and infants that passed after birth. This is a dangerous product, and those who have suffered as a result of it may be eligible for compensation.
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Hybrid-Maize (current version: 2016) is a computer program that simulates the growth of a corn crop (Zea mays L.) under non-limiting or water-limited (rainfed or irrigated) conditions based on daily weather data. Specifically, it allows the user to: Assess the overall site yield potential and its variability based on historical weather data; Evaluate changes in attainable yield using different combinations of planting date, hybrid maturity, and plant density; Explore options for optimal irrigation management; Conduct in-season simulations to evaluate actual growth up to the current date based on real-time weather data, and to forecast final yield scenarios based on historical weather data for the remainder of the growing season. Hybrid-Maize does NOT allow assessment of different options for nutrient management nor does it account for yield losses due to weeds, insects, diseases, lodging, and other stresses. Hybrid-Maize has been evaluated primarily in rainfed and irrigated maize systems of the US Corn Belt. Caution should be exercised when applying this model to other environments as this may require changes in some of the default model parameters. As with all simulation models, Hybrid-Maize still represents a simplification of the ‘real-world’ system and, as such, model predictions may differ from actual outcomes. Therefore, the results of model simulations should be considered approximations and not taken as fact. A new upgrade, version 2016 was released in Sept 2016. Click here to know What's new. Screen Previews of Hybrid-Maize software
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A freedom fighter is honored In all lands and in all times. Because he fights for a noble cause which is the freedom of the motherland. Freedom is the birthright of man, but sometimes this right is denied to a nation by foreign rulers. As a result, armed conflict takes places between and if freedom-loving people and the occupation forces. Sometimes the war continues for years and if the people are united and determined then the freedom fighters win and the country achieves independence. The people of Bangladesh fought a glorious war of independence against the Pakistani occupation forces in 1971. In this Great War the Bangali members of the armed forces the students and the people from all walks of life took part. They fought for long nine months and defeated the well-trained Pakistani forces. Bangladesh became a free country. The people who fought against the Pakistani army and the people who took part in the war effort are called the freedom fighters. Many of the freedom fighters sacrificed their lives for the cause of the motherland. We owe our freedom of these noble freedom sacrificed their lives for the cause of the motherland. We owe our freedom of these noble freedom fighters. The freedom fighters will remain immortal in the history of Bangladesh.
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A non-partisan non-profit organization working to make criminal justice and public safety policies and practices more effective through innovation, research, and education. Social Media Behavior & Real-World Consequences Social media now has billions of users worldwide. Facebook, Twitter and other emerging platforms are integral forms of communication in our daily lives. We use it to bridge friendships, raise awareness, express ourselves, and stay connected with the world around us. However, with all the advancements social media offers, it also comes with dangers. Increasingly frequent reports of hate speech, bullying, gang activity, crime, and violent extremism facilitated by social media use are shocking, troubling and often result in real-world consequences such as school disciplinary action, loss of employment, arrest, victimization, violent attacks, shootings, suicide, murder and acts of terrorism. As media reports have illustrated, social media interactions do not always stay in cyberspace. Often the ramifications of posted content spill into the real world. What at first seems like an unprovoked conflict is shown to have started or been inflamed on social media. This phenomenon is especially true as it relates to violence. In such cases, an unpredictable shooting is often foreshadowed by months of online fighting, bullying, and threatening "status updates"—warnings that were not visible off-line. Social media users witness these types of posts every day and often fail to intervene; instead, these behaviors are validated and reinforced when users "like" the posts or respond with encouraging comments, meant seriously or not. Tragically, some of the real-world consequences may well have been prevented if a "friend" or "follower" proactively responded to a post or photo, or if users were educated on safe social media habits which included steps on how to identify, assess, and respond to potentially dangerous content. The Crime Commission is engaged in several initiatives that seek to provide social media users with tools and information to help them stay safe both on- and off-line: To develop a comprehensive understanding of the problem and identify possible solutions, the Crime Commission is analyzing and researching the following questions: The Crime Commission works with a variety of community-based anti-violence organizations which work directly with youth involved in gun violence. We created informational flyers and a 40-minute lesson plan in order to help these organizations educate youth on the potential dangers and consequences of posting content on social media, and how to protect themselves and others. The commission has also created resources for anti-violence organization staff, with tips on how to recognize and respond to harmful posts that can result in real-world violence, and how to maintain a professional social media presence. One of the findings from the Crime Commission's analysis is that youth involved in gangs and crews are taking to social media to taunt and threaten rivals, which often rapidly accelerates and amplifies conflicts among youth, and leads to deadly real-world violence. To address this growing problem, the Crime Commission worked with our NYC Cure Violence partners and Dr. Shabnam Javdani at the NYU Steinhardt Department of Applied Psychology to create a new, proactive response, called E-Responder. The commission believes that in order to prevent violent consequences of social media interactions, we must intervene where youth are engaging in this harmful behavior on social media. Therefore, E-Responder adapts effective in-person violence prevention interventions for use over social media. This innovative program trains community-based anti-violence organizations to monitor, assess, and respond to social media content that may lead to real-world violence. » read more about E-Responder Media & Resources Social Media Statistics
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Hagarenes’, Ha’garites (named after Hagar), a people dwelling to the east of Palestine, with whom the tribes of Reuben made war in the time of Saul. 1 Chron. 5:10, 18-20. The same people, as confederate against Israel, are mentioned in Ps. 83:6. It is generally believed that they were named after Hagar, and that the important town and district of Hejer, on the borders of the Persian Gulf, represent them.
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14K Yellow Gold Classic Popcorn Bag Necklace Charm Americans eat approximately 17 billion quarts of popped corn per year. Popcorn is over 5,000 years old. Popcorn is the official snack of Illinois. The Popcorn’s scientific name is Zea Mays Everta. Christopher Columbus allegedly introduced popcorn to the Europeans in the late 15th century. Nebraska produces more popcorn than any other state in the country. Movie theaters make an insane profit by selling popcorn more than movie ticket sales. Charles Cretors invented the first popcorn machine in 1885. Popcorn was not allowed in cinemas in the early 1900’s. The world’s largest popcorn ball was 12 feet in diameter and weighed 5,000 pounds. 100 grams air popped popcorn has 87 grams of calories, 13 grams of protein, 78 grams of carbs and 5 grams of fat. Popcorn can expand to 30 times its original size when popped. Americans ate 3x more popcorn instead of sugary snacks than usual during WWII because there was a sugar shortage in the U.S. The University of Scranton proved that popcorn contains very large amounts of Polyphenols. The ideal popping temperature for popcorn is 400-460° Fahrenheit. Before stoves and microwaves, hot sand was used to provide the right kind of heat to make corn kernels pop. Native Americans do not only ate popcorn, but they made beer and soup out of it too. October has been celebrated as National Popcorn Poppin’ Month. Weight: 4.52 G Metal: 14K Yellow Gold Length: 19 mm (0.74 inches) Width: 14 mm (0.55 inches)
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The following is another student post to wish i have to react. Please add some other information. relate to the question but different from the student post. remember APA and similarity. The diabetic educator for a local hospital has been asked to teach a group of adult patients newly diagnosed with type 1 and type 2 diabetes on “how to effectively manage diabetes.” a. What would be a useful approach to this request? b. How would you explain to this group of patients the potential complications of diabetes and the impact of those on their lives? a. Even though the causes for the diabetes are different in this group. Patients will benefit of certain recommendations in common. The best approach is to prepare a presentation that cover interventions that benefits all diabetics and then address the recommendations that are specific to type 2 and type 1 diabetics. This includes checking blood glucose, use of glucometer, normal glucose range, sliding scale, possible complications, including HHS, DKA and hypoglycemia, neuropathies, etc. All of these are common grounds to both types of diabetics with the exception of HHS that happens more commonly in type 2. Also important information about diet and hidden carbohydrates. (Ignatavicius, Workman, Blair, Rebar, & Winkelman, 2016) b. Diabetes has complications that can be either acute or chronic. The group needs to understand that the acute complications like HHS, DKA and Hypoglycemia are considered medical emergencies and if not treated as such can easily become deadly. The long term complications come related to macrovascular and microvascular changes from the disease. Macrovascular includes damage to heart and blood vessels, increasing risk of cardiovascular disease and heart failure. Microvascular changes affects organ tissues, this is manifested in neuropathies, nephropathies and retinopathies. All of this complications can be reduced with thigh control of glucose levels. Therefore is important that patient understand how to manage the disease early on to avoid the development of these complications. (Ignatavicius, Workman, Blair, Rebar, & Winkelman, 2016) We value our customers and so we ensure that what we do is 100% original.. With us you are guaranteed of quality work done by our qualified experts.Your information and everything that you do with us is kept completely confidential. You have to be 100% sure of the quality of your product to give a money-back guarantee. This describes us perfectly. Make sure that this guarantee is totally transparent.Read more The Product ordered is guaranteed to be original. Orders are checked by the most advanced anti-plagiarism software in the market to assure that the Product is 100% original. The Company has a zero tolerance policy for plagiarism.Read more The Free Revision policy is a courtesy service that the Company provides to help ensure Customer’s total satisfaction with the completed Order. To receive free revision the Company requires that the Customer provide the request within fourteen (14) days from the first completion date and within a period of thirty (30) days for dissertations.Read more The Company is committed to protect the privacy of the Customer and it will never resell or share any of Customer’s personal information, including credit card data, with any third party. All the online transactions are processed through the secure and reliable online payment systems.Read more By placing an order with us, you agree to the service we provide. We will endear to do all that it takes to deliver a comprehensive paper as per your requirements. We also count on your cooperation to ensure that we deliver on this mandate.Read more
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How can i help my child with homework We asked labs participants whether they think parents should help their children with homework, or not see what they thought - and add your voice to the debate. You can help your child with homework by setting aside a special place to study, establishing a regular time for homework. Use these tips to help your child with her math homework. Your child might have math homework that's difficult to help with here's how to help kids with learning and attention issues work on math at home. Parenting a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd) can run you ragged get expert-recommended parenting solutions to help your adhd child. Brief and straightforward guide: how can i help my child with homework (with pictures. Top 10 homework tips to meet your child's teachers if there are continuing problems with homework, get help talk about it with your child's teacher. Whether or not your child is medicated, one thing your child can do is take more frequent breaks when doing his/her homework instead of going an hour. How can i help my child with homework Developing study tips for kids and tips on helping your child with handing in homework on homework and study habits: help your child locate your. Supporting your child at secondary school ask your child if there's anything you can do to help with homework discuss the organisation of the work. “all the research says the single best way to improve your child's homework performance—and bring more peace to your know when to get your child extra help. Many parents fight a daily battle with their children over doing homework here’s why kids resist doing homework and what you can do to help motivate them. Should you help your kids with homework and if so how much homework help is appropriate see theses guidelines for when to help kids with homework. Research shows that it's the single most important thing you can do to help your child's the time your child spends on homework is less important than his or. Help for parents of children with asperger's refusing to do homework: provide reinforcement— show your youngster that refusing to do homework has negative. Allow your child's homework to help them learn independently, a skill they'll value throughout their life cookies make wikihow better. Homework booklet for parents of elementary and junior high school students helps parents understand why homework is important and makes suggestions for helping. Teachers can tell you what happens in the classroom and how to help your child succeed you also can ask to be by reviewing homework with your child and. - Helping your child with spelling homework help safety issues children media safety neither child development institute. - The bane of my existence is homework the sheer volume of the homework assigned, the amount of “help” that many parents give their children, to the discomfort i. - Ask your child daily about homework many students forget to write down homework assignments or wait until the last minute to complete a long-term project. - How to help: provide guidance -- helping your child with homework the basic rule is, don't do the assignments yourself it's not your homework—it's your child's. Find out how you can help with your child's foreign language homework get expert advice on reading, homework help, learning activities, and more parents update. Here are some new tips to help you calm your easily frustrated child i wrote an article about helping kids with homework when educational connections. Parenting » emotional smarts, smart strategies » helping your child with learning difficulties deal with homework help your child find a corner of his own. Experts talk about how to help your child with homework -- without doing the work yourself. Homework help for students with adhd help your child organize her it is a good habit to get to homework soon after your child is home from school or home.
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This article reports the findings of action research on the implementation of extensive reading to literary text (henceforth ER) with learning logs (henceforth LL). The research question was: In what ways do the students engage in comprehending literary texts through ER with learning logs? And what are students’ reactions to these activities? The research was conducted in the English Language Education Study Program English Education Department of a state university in Indonesia in which twenty six students voluntarily participated in this study. The data of the research were collected from students’ reflective journals and semi-structured interviews. The empirical findings show that the students engaged actively and autonomously in the literary text identifying, word defining, class presentation, vocabulary enforcement and reflection through literary text extensive reading (ER) program with learning logs (LL). The findings also reveal that through the use of scaffolding by teachers and peer support, the students were engaged in the discovery of English literature vocabulary by documenting unfamiliar or interesting words from their English literature reading texts. The students also enjoyed exploring the different meanings of vocabulary using electronic dictionaries and corpus software. Furthermore, the findings show that they had enhanced awareness of word classes, word orders, and word meanings. The research suggests that the use of learning logs has managed to engage the students in reading literary texts as meaning making and learning autonomy that expand their reading ability and lexico-grammatical repertoires. English Language, Extensive Reading, Learning Logs, Literary Text Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 International License. Recommended APA Citation Yanto, E. S., Saefullah, H., & Kwary, D. A. (2020). Implementing a Literary Text Extensive Reading Program through Learning Logs. The Qualitative Report, 25(5), 1393-1411. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2020.4111
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Welcome back to another tutorial! Today, we’re diving into a crucial aspect of creating and sharing presentations – font embedding in PowerPoint. If you’ve ever encountered issues with your custom fonts not displaying correctly on other systems, this tutorial is for you. We’ll guide you through the process of embedding fonts directly into your PowerPoint presentations, ensuring your creative designs remain intact regardless of the device they’re viewed on. Understanding the Font Challenge: In our example, we have two presentations showcasing custom fonts. We’ll demonstrate the potential discrepancies when these fonts are not installed on another system. Text can shift, affecting the visual appeal of your slides. While you could manually share the font files, this isn’t always practical, especially in collaborative settings. The Solution: Embed Fonts in Your Presentations: The most efficient solution is to utilize PowerPoint’s built-in feature to embed fonts during the saving process. Follow these simple steps: - Access Save Options: - Click the “Tools” dropdown menu while saving your presentation. - Select “Save Options.” - Embed Fonts: - Scroll down to the “Preserve Fidelity When Sharing This Presentation” section. - Check the option that says “Embed Fonts in the File.” Remember, this setting must be applied each time you save a presentation, and it cannot be set as a default for all presentations. Choosing the Right Option: We recommend using the “Embed All Characters (best for editing by other people)” option. This ensures that collaborators can access all characters of the same font, even if it’s not installed on their system. However, be mindful that this can increase the file size, as we’ll demonstrate later. File Size Considerations: Embedded fonts will contribute to an increase in file size. We’ll show you a side-by-side comparison of saved files with and without embedded fonts. Understanding this trade-off allows you to make an informed decision based on your specific needs. Compatibility and Copyright: While this feature is available in PowerPoint 2007 and later versions, it’s crucial to note that some fonts are restricted due to copyright and cannot be embedded. We highlight an example, the AF Tommy Hilfiger font, to emphasize this point. Mastering font embedding is a game-changer for anyone who frequently shares presentations. It ensures that your unique designs stay intact, providing a consistent viewing experience for your audience. Watch our video tutorial for a step-by-step visual guide. We hope you found this tutorial helpful! Don’t forget to like, share, and comment. Stay tuned for more insightful tutorials, and thank you for joining us on this font embedding journey!
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Did you know PageRank, the algorithm Google uses to determine the order of search results, is a type of Markov chain? I first learned about Markov chains and Markov models in my Speech Synthesis and Recognition elective and was amazed at how they are used in speech recognition, music generation, and modeling sequential data to predict the outcome of a basketball game (or almost any competition.) What are Markov Chains and Markov Models? The most basic type of Markov model is a Markov chain, a model whose next state is only selected based on its current state. Markov chains are used in genetics, finance, economics, game theory, and other fields. An example of one would be predicting tomorrow's weather by looking only at today's weather, not yesterday's. Wikipedia defines a Markov model like so: In probability theory, a Markov model is a stochastic model used to model randomly changing systems where it is assumed that future states depend only on the current state, not on the events that occurred before it (that is, it assumes the Markov property). The transition from one state to another satisfies the Markov Property. It states that the probability of transitioning to any other state is only based on the current state, and not on the sequence of states that came before it--thus every Markov process is memoryless. Hidden Markov models are a type of Markov chain where some states are observable and some are hidden. They are sometimes explained by the Ice Cream Climatology scenario, proposed by Jason Eisner in 2002: The situation: You are a climatologist in the year 2799, studying the history of global warming. You can't find any records of Baltimore weather, but you do find my (Jason Eisner's) diary, in which I assiduously recorded how much ice cream I ate each day. What can you figure out from this about the weather that summer? I recently thought, "what would be the Twilio way of explaining this concept?" Since developers are DOers let's show, not tell, an example. Let's break down a sentence that means something to Twilio: Never gonna give you up. Never gonna let you down. This has ten words (also known as tokens) and seven unique words (also known as keys.) A weighted distribution is the percentage that one key will appear. It is based on the total amount of times a key shows up divided by the total number of tokens. "Never", "gonna", and "you" all have a weighted distribution of 2/10, as shown in the histogram below. Histograms are a simple way to represent weighted distributions. These keys, or words, can also represent states. Each key can point to another key: this is called a transition. Transitioning Between States Let's visualize how every key is matched with an array of possible tokens that could follow that key. Here, the tokens are organized in pairs with a state corresponding to the possible states that can follow it. How can this better be visualized? In the above graphic, each word represents a key, or a state, and the arrows point to potential states that can follow it. The corresponding color-coded sentence looks like this: But wait! There's more! Let's try adding the weighted distributions so that each arrow has the probability that it will be selected as the transition to the next state. Using CocoaPods with Swift Playgrounds Swift Playgrounds are amazing at letting you see the results of your code quickly. We'll be using them in addition to a Swift library called MarkovModel to visualize our Markov model example via code. To use CocoaPods with Playgrounds, first create a new directory and then make a new XCode project there. On the command line in the top level of your directory, make a podfile with pod init and include this code in it: target 'your-project-name' do # Comment the next line if you're not using Swift and don't want to use dynamic frameworks use_frameworks! pod 'MarkovModel' end post_install do |installer| installer.pods_project.build_configurations.each do |config| config.build_settings.delete('CODE_SIGNING_ALLOWED') config.build_settings.delete('CODE_SIGNING_REQUIRED') end installer.pods_project.targets.each do |target| target.build_configurations.each do |config| config.build_settings['CONFIGURATION_BUILD_DIR'] = '$PODS_CONFIGURATION_BUILD_DIR' end end end Back on the command line run pod install, and close the project. Next, create a Swift Playground by opening Xcode and clicking File->New->Playground and saving it in the top level of your directory. If you don't see the playground, drag it into the workspace like so: Now make sure you open up your .xcworkspace and not .xcproject and place the following starter code in your .playground file to check that the pod installed correctly. import MarkovModel import Foundation You may need to clean with cmd-shift-k and then build with cmd-b, but should be good to go! Markov Models with Swift Let's translate our rickrolling sentence into Swift code using methods from the MarkovModel library. let markovModel = MarkovModel(transitions: ["Never", "gonna", "give", "you", "up", "never", "gonna", "let", "you", "down"]) markovModel.chain.next(given: "gonna") Here, we create a Markov model to train and pass it an array of the tokens from our sentence. We calculate a future state by calling next. With this library we have three possible decision process options: predict, random and weightedRandom. The default is predict. You can also print out the weighted distributions of each token with: Wow! Markov chains are so powerful. As a Golden State Warriors fan, I wonder about trying to predict the outcome of their games based on prior games, or maybe how Steph Curry will shoot based on previous statistics. Think of the other possibilities--they're endless! Stay tuned for the next post where we will train a Markov model with different inputs to generate similar text. In the meantime, let me know how you would use Markov models in the comments, on Twitter or GitHub or via email at firstname.lastname@example.org!
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The world of tomato varieties gets more interesting every year. From the massive, squiggly orange accordion tomato to the variegated round robin, growing tomatoes is more exciting than ever. There are also a wide variety of black tomato types, including the Black Beauty tomato. In 2012, plant breeders at OSU developed the Indigo Rose tomato, the first of its kind with high levels of purple pigments in the plant’s fruits. Since then, breeders have worked to create more purple and black varieties through natural plant breeding methods. In this article, I will go over some interesting facts and growing tips about the Black Beauty tomato. Many of these subjects apply to other dark-skinned tomato varieties that are available to grow. Let’s get started! What Makes Them Black? The deep color of the black beauty tomato comes from high anthocyanin levels. These compounds are also known as purple pigments, and are powerful antioxidants. They are also found in high levels in blueberries, causing their deep blue color. This category of tomatoes are now commonly known as “Antho” tomatoes for their high anthocyanin levels. They make for a spectacle in the garden and currently exist in many different shapes and sizes. When anthocyanins are exposed to light, they are activated, causing black beauty tomatoes to turn purple or almost black. If the tomato is shaded by leaves or is not hit by direct sunlight, the purple pigment will not develop. Fun Fact: Black tomato varieties may appear more red when grown in acidic soil, and more blue-purple when grown in alkaline soil. However, tomatoes prefer a slightly acidic soil, so don’t expect good things with a soil pH above 7.0. Thankfully, anthocyanins are almost entirely flavorless, so the deep, black color of the tomatoes does not impact flavor in a negative way. As a result, the Black Beauty tomato variety is regarded as a delicious slicing tomato, with balanced sugar and acid levels. Just make sure you wait for the tomatoes to fully ripen before picking! How Do You Know When Black Tomatoes Are Ripe? When typical tomato varieties are ripe, they turn from a green color to a bright red or yellow. This color transition is easy to identify, making it simple to know when to harvest those varieties. For black tomato varieties, it can be a bit trickier. In general, black tomatoes are ripe when the color turns from a blue-purple tone to a deeper, reddish-purple color. The tomato will also soften considerably when fully ripe, and the underside of the tomatoes may turn from green to a deep red color. Anthocyanins are activated by sunlight, so it is common for the underside of black tomatoes to remain green while unripe. Inspect the bottom of your black beauty tomatoes for coloration changes as the season goes on. They should turn from green to a deep red when they are ripe. In addition to color changes, ripe tomatoes soften when they are ready for harvesting. Squeeze the tomatoes gently while they are still on the plant. If they are stiff, they most likely are not ready to be picked. Black Beauty Tomato Seeds There are many sources for buying tomato seeds online. One reliable source of heirloom varieties is Rare Seeds (and yes, they sell the black beauty tomato). Find black beauty tomato seeds: This tomato variety has become incredibly popular for its unique traits, so don’t be surprised to find that seeds are sold out in some stores, especially later in the spring. Another option is to save tomato seeds from a fresh tomato from the store. I do this all the time with tomatoes and peppers to save a few bucks and make sourcing unique seed varieties easier. Since black beauty is an heirloom variety, saving the seeds should yield the same tomatoes. Whole Foods often carries a variety of unique heirloom tomatoes that can be bought for relatively cheap. This way, you get to enjoy a fresh tomato for eating, and you get seeds for planting in the garden. I would recommend buying organic fruits if possible. Are Purple Tomatoes Safe to Eat? We all know that some antioxidants are healthy for humans, but anthocyanins may still need to undergo more research to discover real-world benefits. However, there is no evidence that I know of that indicates that purple or black tomatoes are unsafe. In fact, anthocyanins are found in high levels in blueberries, which are, of course, very safe and healthy to eat. You can also buy fresh black beauty tomatoes from certain specialty markets, meaning they are approved for mass market sale. All things considered, the black beauty tomato and other purple-black varieties are likely as healthy or more so than red tomatoes. We will have to pay attention to further research into how anthocyanins may benefit humans. Other Black Heirloom Tomatoes Since 2012, tomato breeders have continued to experiment with cross pollinating black tomato varieties. As a result, there are a large number of unique black tomato types available to grow. Keep in mind, many of the newer varieties are still in development, meaning that the plants and resulting fruits can be unstable. If you are interested in growing the unknown, then definitely look into what is currently in development (ex. F2, F3, etc.). Here are a few that are out there today: 1. Indigo Rose Tomatoes Bred in 2012 by OSU, the Indigo Rose tomato was the first of its kind. The goal of breeders was to achieve high levels of antioxidants in the actual fruits. The result was a gorgeous, flavorful, medium productivity cherry type tomato that was named the Indigo Rose for it’s purplish black color. 2. Blue Beauty Tomatoes Similar in shape and size to the black beauty, the blue beauty tomato has a gorgeous indigo hue and a deep red inner flesh. These jumbo tomatoes can weigh up to 8 oz. and are perfect for slicing. Ditch the old beefsteak tomato varieties and introduce some unique color to your tomato garden this year! 3. Amethyst Jewel Tomatoes These medium-sized tomatoes are another example of a black tomato type. They range in weight from 3-7 oz. and are said to be extremely productive. Like the black beauty, these are indeterminate, meaning they will continue to produce fruits until the cold weather arrives in late fall. I hope that you found this article interesting and helpful. Share any new info you learned about the black beauty tomato with other tomato gardeners! Also, be sure to share anything I may have missed in the comments below. 6 thoughts on “Black Beauty Tomatoes – The Gorgeous Black Tomato Variety” Thanks, that was interesting. My need some black beauty tomatos deeds Out of the four different varieties I’m trying this year, Black Beauty is by far the heaviest producer. We have two bushes of Black Beauty tomatoes. They are loaded with fruit in varying degrees of ripeness. One thing I’m wondering is how long does this take to ripen? I also have Early Girl and San Marzanno varieties and have harvested plenty from them, but not one Black Beauty. The fruit has been on the vine for a time (over a month) and still green on the bottom and not soft. I picked 2 which were still green and they went red on the window sil. I was so excited as the fruits on the plant are all still very green. Fruit remained green on the bottom for a month or more. I checked by squeezing for softness. Once ripe,they had more tomato taste than any others I’ve tried. Yield started off low and increased as season progressed. Will grow again.
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The largest increase in ocean acidification compared to pre-industrial variation is found in the Caribbean, according to regional modelling of tropical oceans. Calcification rates are estimated to have dropped by about 15 per cent over the past century, which is more than 70 times the amplitude of variation occurring during the years 900–1750. The western Pacific Ocean was also an area where the change in calcification rates has been significant. Ocean acidification is caused when carbon dioxide in the atmosphere dissolves in the oceans and forms carbonic acid. Increased acidification is just one of several stress factors that marine organisms are exposed to. Key groups such as corals are also suffering from surface warming and coastal pollution. Source: Nature and Climate Change, 22 January 2012
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A Texas mother spoke out against part of McGraw-Hill’s textbook, “World Geography,” when she noticed that the language erased slavery by calling slaves “workers” and including them in the section “Patterns of Immigration.” One example of the text: The Atlantic Slave Trade between the 1500s and 1800s brought millions of workers from Africa to the southern United States to work on agricultural plantations. Roni Dean-Burren, who taught English for more than a decade and is now a doctoral candidate at the University of Houston, pointed out that the language of “worker” suggests compensation and “immigration” suggests that people weren’t kidnapped and brought to North America against their will. She first learned about the textbook section when her son sent her a photo of the text. Dean-Burren’s criticism of the textbook was widely shared across Facebook and a video made after the original post garnered 1.4 million views by Sunday, according to CNN. McGraw-Hill responded to the post on its Facebook page and announced that it will edit the section. It stated, “We believe we can do better … To communicate these facts more clearly, we will update this caption to describe the arrival of African slaves in the U.S. as a forced migration and emphasize that their work was done as slave labor.” The online version will be changed as soon as edits are determined and the new and improved language will be present in the next printing of the textbook. Dean-Burren’s Facebook post points to wider criticism of the textbook industry, however, which is mostly based in Texas. Texas first began its grip over textbook content when it decided to pay 100 percent of the cost of public textbooks. The catch was that the Texas State Board of Education had to approve the textbooks first. Because the books that received approval were more likely to be produced on a larger scale, the Texas textbook market affected the national textbook market, Gail Collins explained in her analysis of the Texas textbook market for The New York Review of Books. The board tends to be more conservative in its outlook and sometimes embraces narratives that favor a Euro-centric and Christian-centric revisionist history. When it came to the Middle Ages, the board appeared to be down on any mention of the Crusades, an enterprise that tends to reflect badly on the Christian side of Christian–Islamic conflict. And when they got to the cold war era, the board wanted to be sure students would be able to “explain how Arab rejection of the State of Israel has led to ongoing conflict.” Later, they were supposed to study “Islamic fundamentalism and the subsequent use of terrorism by some of its adherents.” Parents and educators have been taking to social media to raise awareness of how schools approach teaching about slavery in general. Teachers, journalists, and education advocates tweeted about a game about slavery that allowed players to stack slaves on top of each other, like Tetris. Soon the European game manufacturer took the slave Tetris section out of the game and made a statement on the outcry, which largely chalked up the disagreement to cultural differences. However, the greater concern was that anyone made a game about slavery to begin with.
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In its periodic assessments, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has expressed growing certainty that global warming is underway and that human activity is a principal cause. The panel’s language has become progressively stronger over time to reflect its growing certainty. In 1990, the IPCC said that emissions from human activities were “substantially increasing” greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, which would lead to warming. By 2013, the panel had concluded that "It is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century." The chart below traces how the IPCC’s conclusions have strengthened over time. |Year||Assessment||Statement on Human Involvement in Climate Change| “…emissions resulting from human activities are substantially increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases… These increases will enhance the greenhouse effect, resulting on average in an additional warming of the Earth’s surface” “Most of these studies have detected a significant change and show that the observed warming trend is unlikely to be entirely natural in origin… …the balance of evidence suggests that there is a discernible human influence on global climate. …the average rate of warming [in projections for the 21st century] would probably be greater than any seen in the last 10,000 years, but the actual annual to decadal changes would include considerable natural variability.” “There is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities. …the projected rate of warming is much larger than the observed changes during the 20th century and is very likely to be without precedent during at least the last 10,000 years, based on paleoclimate data.” “Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level. Most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations.” "Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia. The atmosphere and ocean have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished, sea level has risen, and the concentrations of greenhouse gases have increased. …It is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century."
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884 Albert Einstein's Theory Is Wrong. Thus, the above theory is accepted by two different humans. Many humans simply become atheists. But, other humans say that they expect to live in God's heaven after they die. However, in the 15th century, many humans began to reject logical laws of the courts of Cicero. But, burning humans at the stake began. (click) Eventually, logical thinking began to be was reduced. And, senses, experiences, and reasons began to grow. In the 17th century, the differing minds of humans became very important to many Europeans and Americans. Great work was developed by John Locke, Gottfried Leibniz, and Benjamin Franklin. In 1680, Leibniz went deeper because he was asked by Christians to study the religion of China. John Locke and Isaac Newton say that the universe will be built by atoms. This means that the universe will come to the end. But, Gottfried Leibniz, Ben Franklin, and the Chinese say that the universe will exist forever. I agree with Leibniz and Ben. Thus, a person believes that the universe comes to an end, that person would be absolutely free. But, if persons believe that the universe will not end, all of these persons must become equal. In 1986, Benson Mates, a philosopher of the University of California, Berkeley, wrote a book on The Philosophy of Leibniz. His book will help you understand Leibniz. My books about God and the Universe are in agreement with the work of Gottfried Leibniz: 1. The First Scientific Proof of God (2006), 271 pages, (click) 2. A New and Modern Holy Bible (2012), 189 pages. 3. God And His Coexistent Relations To The Universe. (2014), 429 page
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Learn something new every day More Info... by email The word liripipe has had many different meanings throughout the centuries. While it is difficult to pinpoint the exact origin of this word, it is assumed that a liripipe originally referred to a type of hood. Liripipe is derived from the Latin word liripipium, which had a number of unique meanings. Fashion historians have discovered that the term liripipium has been used to refer to shoelaces, the sole of certain shoes, some types of hoods, and cords that can be found on clothing. In short, this term really didn't have one particular meaning. During medieval times, a liripipe referred to the very tip of a long hood. As these hoods became more and more popular, the length of a typical liripipe grew from just a few inches to many feet. In fact, liripipes grew so long that they had to be wound around the circumference of a hood, so that people would not trip over their own hoods. Throughout the medieval years, liripipes changed drastically. Some of these hoods were embellished, while others included wide ribbons and lace. Eventually, this type of garment faded from the fashion scene, though it does survive today within the academic world. During an academic ceremony, it is not uncommon for graduates to wear gowns with long hoods that have liripipes. Frequently, graduate gowns feature liripipes that are made from a multitude of colors. In most instances, the color of a graduate gown indicates the type of degree that a person has obtained. The term is not used on a frequent basis, though it is common within fashion circles. Even though many contemporary garments have hoods, most of the hoods added to garments today do not have long points. Those who are interested in medieval garb may find replicas of cloaks that have been outfitted with liripipes. These cloaks can be purchased through various specialty retailers. Many different patterns can be found on the Internet, since many people enjoy fashioning clothing from bygone eras. While liripipes are not difficult to make, any item of clothing that features this type of hood is likely to stand out from the crowd. One of our editors will review your suggestion and make changes if warranted. Note that depending on the number of suggestions we receive, this can take anywhere from a few hours to a few days. Thank you for helping to improve wiseGEEK!
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In September 1896, the city that was then called Bombay recorded its first case of the bubonic plague. The disease quickly spread swiftly claiming victims – estimates peg the death toll at 1,900 every week for the rest of the year. The health crisis prompted the British administration of the city to quickly draft the Epidemic Diseases Act in 1897 to prevent the spread of dangerous epidemic diseases. The Act, considered one of the most draconian pieces of public health legislation, gave sweeping powers to the government authorities. Officials could enter any house and forcibly examine a sick person or someone suspected to carry infection. In her account of the bubonic plague outbreak, historian Mridula Ramanna says that British officials would drag men and women out of their houses and examine their armpits for buboes, which are swollen lymph nodes. The Epidemic Diseases Act was later modified significantly to allow the government only to detain international travelers suspected of carrying an infectious disease. The measures of this revised regulation were invoked in independent India. This century-old act is now set to be replaced. The central government drafted the Public Health (Prevention, Control and Management of Epidemics, Bio-terrorism and Disasters) Bill, 2017 and uploaded it online seeking comments. The deadline to submit comments was March 25. The Bill is more in keeping with the times and includes provisions on bioterrorism, which involves the deliberate release of hazardous biological agents like viruses, bacteria or toxins in the environment. The Bill also has references to different modes of transport such as airplanes and ships, through which disease can spread. But public health experts feel that the Bill is as draconian as the older law, maybe even more so. The Bill empowers medical officers to inspect any premises, isolate people, restrict movement, test a patient and mandate treatment or vaccination of a person suffering from disease. The Bill has does not mention the necessity of seeking consent from citizens for any of these measures. According to the Bill, after a public health emergency is declared, a state government, district authority or local authority can take measures to prevent and control the emergency. They can quarantine people who might have been exposed to the disease, conduct medical examinations, provide treatment and ban any activity they deem “inimical to public health”. A public health emergency, as per the Bill, is any sudden state of danger to public health including spread of infection, disaster or bioterrorism that mandates immediate action for its prevention, control and management. The Bill lists a schedule of 33 diseases that are “epidemic prone” like dengue, chikungunya and multi drug-resistant and extremely drug-resistant tuberculosis. This might allow government authorities to invoke extreme powers of entering houses and forcibly treating citizens during any monsoon season when the country witnesses several outbreaks of infectious diseases like malaria, dengue and chikungunya. The behaviour of Tamil Nadu state health authorities during the recent measles-rubella vaccination campaign in schools provides a glimpse of what such a Bill might allow. When many parents were opposed the campaign because of lack of transparency, the state health minister C Vijaya Bhaskar announced that schools need not seek consent of parents before vaccinating childern. “The Public Health Act allows us to give vaccine without consent,” she told Times of India last month. “If need be, we will make it mandatory.” The Act Bhaskar was referring to is the Madras Public Health Act, 1939, which is also a colonial Act and gives similar powers to the state. The Act also lists out many duties such as providing clean water, effective drainage systems, medicines, among others. What is a public health emergency? Dr Vijayaprasad Gopichandran who teaches community medicine at the Employees’ State Insurance Corporation Medical College in Chennai said that the Bill provides no definition on who will decide that an outbreak is a public health emergency or how it will be declared. “A system should be in place with a team of epidemiologists, public health experts, policy makers, public health engineers and so on that can decide and declare diseases as public health emergency,” said Gopichandran. Gopichandran is part of Chennai’s Medico Friend Circle, a group that wrote to the Ministry of Health pointing out concerns about the Bill. He suggested that the Bill should define a system much like the International Health Regulations agreed on by all World Health Organisation member states. The regulations define the process of declaring a disease as Public Health Emergency of International Concern. They require an Emergency Committee to examine unexpected outbreaks of diseases like polio or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome also called SARS, outbreaks of unknown diseases and those like cholera, plague, yellow fever and viral hemorrhagic fevers that can cause serious public health impacts. The committee then looks at strengthening national disease surveillance, prevention, control and response systems and responses at the international level. The Bill is also silent on the duties of the government during a public health emergency. “There is no mechanism stated in the Bill about the responsibilities of the government in ensuring that the measures are evidence-based and effective, that the duration of time of restrictions are appropriate and that the infringement into the privacy of the population is proportional,” said Gopichandran. Infringement of human rights The Bill suspends liberties of people while barely holding the government accountable, said experts. “There is no emphasis on modern methods of outbreak prevention and disease control such as establishment of surveillance system, early warning systems, Geographical Information System mapping of diseases, which are all less intrusive methods of disease prevention and containment,” pointed out Gopichandran. Anant Bhan, a researcher of bioethics and global health, said that the country does need a law with a framework for mounting a public health response and elaborating the powers of government at such a time. “However, there has to be balance between government’s role in maintaining public health and human rights, “ he said. “This Bill neglects it completely.” The restrictive action prescribed in the Bill can alienate citizens and make them lose trust in the public health system. “It is possible that fearing isolation, the patients will not inform the public health system and instead prefer to weather it out,” said Bhan. History suggests that respectful engagement with the public will work better. “My research showed that if you introduce public health measures gradually with a pursuance campaign, you can deal with the situation better,” said Ramanna. “The authorities have to keep in mind sensibilities, sensitivities and gender before undertaking a public health campaign.” Provisions of the Public Health Bill for a health emergency - Quarantine or restrict the movement of any people possibly exposed to the disease. - Authorise any official or person to enter and inspect, without prior notice, any premises where public health emergency has either occurred or is likely to occur - Prohibit any activity “inimical to public health” - Isolate people infected from the disease - Conduct medical examination on people infected - Provide treatment, vaccination, or prophylaxis to infected people - Undertake disinfection activities - Ban or regulate the purchase, distribution, sale of hazardous or toxic substance - Order detention of anyone carrying hazardous substance - Order hospitals/clinics to admit, isolate and manage cases arising out of the public health emergency - Disseminate information to the public - Direct any clinical establishment to admit, isolate and manage cases arising out of public health emergencies and to report to the government.
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The creator god Ta'aroa appears in many myths from Polynesia, the vast region that includes hundreds of islands in the Pacific Ocean. In some parts of Polynesia, Ta'aroa is known by different names. In addition to his role as creator, he is often associated with the sea. To the people of Tahiti, Ta'aroa is the supreme god of creation. Before the world was made, he lived inside a shell called Rumia (upset), until he tipped his shell and fell out into a dark void. He created a new shell and waited for ages before coming out again. Then he formed the earth from one of the shells and the sky from the other. He created the other deities as well as plants, animals, and people to fill the world. According to some versions of the story, Ta'aroa made the earth from his own body, forming soil from his flesh, mountains from his bones, and living things from his blood. Everything in the world came from Ta'aroa. The people of Samoa call the god Tangaloa and say that he created the islands of Samoa by throwing down rocks from heaven. * See Names and Places at the end of this volume for further information. The Maori of New Zealand call him Tangaroa, one of the children of the sky god and the earth goddess. The creator of the islands, Tangaroa is also the god of the ocean and its creatures.
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Ukraine’s been getting some bad press lately, with the unstable government and military situation in its east, the political drama at its capital, and the tumultuous state of its economy, currency, and other such things. Nonetheless, Ukraine is not only quite safe, but also quite agreeable, if I do say so myself. Whether you’re interested in visiting or simply a trivia junkie, here are some of our interesting Ukraine facts. 1Ukraine Facts: The Flag The Ukrainian flag is quite noticeable for its simple-yet-stylish design – a bi-color flag split in half horizontally, with blue on top over yellow beneath. Historically, this flag had been used as far back as the 1848 Revolutions, where in Ukraine a petition was underway to better-recognize the Ukrainian language. It was adopted several times by different Ukrainian-centered groups, such as the West Ukrainian People’s Republic; it was also outlawed during much of the Soviet Union, where displaying it could earn one a criminal prosecution! Source: Ukrainian Flag on Wikipedia 2Ukraine Facts: Blue & Yellow The colors, as set forth by the Ukrainian constitution, only seem to call for “blue” and “yellow.” However, groups within Ukraine and Europe have standardized it to some color standards, such as the RAL Colour Standard, from the old German Reichs-Ausschuß für Lieferbedingungen und Gütesicherung (State Commission for Delivery Terms and Quality Assurance). According to RAL, the Ukrainian flag is #5019 Capri blue and #1023 Traffic yellow; this is 0, 91, 187 and 255, 213, 0 in RGB, or #005bbb and #ffd500 in HEX, respectively. Most Ukrainians, when asked what blue and yellow represent, will most likely answer with something along the lines of, “blue is for the blue skies, and yellow is for fields of wheat.” Others have said that the colors come from a former Silesian knight who hailed from Opole, in southwest Poland; the city had a flag with the same colors. Source: Constitution of Ukraine, Article 20 3Ukraine Facts: Holodomor From 1932 through 1933, a mass, man-made famine was introduced to areas in Ukraine, and somewhere between 7 million and 10 million people died of starvation. This famine, called Holodomor, is considered by the Ukrainian government to be a genocide on the part of the former Soviet Union, but scholars disagree as to whether it can technically be considered as such. Holodomor literally translates to “death by hunger” or “to starve to death.” 4Ukraine Facts: World Heritage Ukraine has seven Unesco World Heritage sites designated by the United Nations so far; of those seven sites, six of them are cultural: - Ancient City of Tauric Chersonese and its Chora - Kiev: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kiev-Pechersk Lavra - L’viv – the Ensemble of the Historic Centre - Residence of Bukovinian and Dalmatian Metropolitans - Struve Geodetic Arc - Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region … and one of them is natural: - Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians 5Ukraine Facts: The Language The Ukrainian language (українська мова, ukrayinska mova) is the official language of Ukraine. It has an extended and modified Cyrillic script, with additional letters in its alphabet, compared to Russian, for example. For over a century, from 1804 until the Russian Revolution, the Ukrainian language was banned from most of Ukraine. “Russification” is the term used when a country gives up its language or culture, voluntarily or not, in favor of Russian language and culture, and Ukraine has been subjected to Russification for centuries, in some form or another, until quite recently when Ukrainian was promoted at schools and the Russian language demoted. 6Ukraine Facts: World’s First Constitution? No. Some people claim the Constitution of Pylyp Orlyk to be the world’s first, as do various people of other countries. However, constitutions of state can be traced back long before that. Still, the Constitution of Pylyp Orlyk from 1710 is considered one of the first state constitutions in Europe. 7Ukraine Facts: Depopulation Unfortunately, due to border issues and a brain-drain of younger Ukrainians searching for better work and living opportunities abroad, Ukraine is at the forefront of population decline in the world. It is the fastest declining population in Europe, and the United Nations has projected that the population of Ukraine will fall 22% by 2050. Considering that the population is over 40 million, this would be an exodus larger than many countries in Europe. 8Ukraine Facts: The Geography Ukraine is actually the largest country in completely within Europe by area, when you consider that most of Russia’s mass is located in the Asian part of the continent. At 603,628 sq. km (233,062 sq. mi), it is the 46th largest country in the world. Source: Ukraine on Wikipedia 9Ukraine Facts: Notable People & Products Janet Sobel was a Ukrainian artist who immigrated to New York City a century ago and is said to have originated drip painting, which artists such as Jackson Pollock are thought to have been inspired from. Selman Waksman was born in what is now Ukraine, and he received a Nobel Prize in 1952 “for his discovery of ‘streptomycin,’ the first antibiotic active against tuberculosis.” Yuri Kondratyuk developed the first known Lunar Orbit Rendezvous which was a key concept for landing and returning lunar flights. Lyudmila Rudenko was a chess world champion in the 1950’s, and the first woman to be awarded the “International Master” title. Marta Litinskaya-Shul was awarded the chess FIDE titles of Woman International Master in 1972 and Woman Grandmaster in 1976, and in 2002, she won the Women’s World Senior Championship. 10Ukraine Facts: The Educated Class We listed a few of the chess champions in our “Notable People & Products,” but Ukrainians are masters in chess, if you were to look at the historical data. It may seem strange, if you consider that the economy in Ukraine is currently in a state of volatility, but here are other facts about Ukraine may allow you to better grasp just how this came to be. For example, Ukraine is consistently one of the most literate countries in the world, depending on the study you use. And the unstoppable boxing siblings and world heavyweight champions, Vitali and Wladimir Klitschko, both hold doctorate degrees! 11Ukraine Facts: Heavy Drinkers Ukraine has the honor of coming in at #6 according to the list of alcohol consumption put together by the World Health Organization (WHO), averaging 13.9 liters per year. The five countries which rank higher also happen to be Ukraine’s neighbors: Belarus, Russia, Moldova, Lithuania, and Romania. Another thing to ponder might be the alcoholic percentage (proof) of their drinks compared to the beers and wines in Western Europe, for example. What do you think of these facts? Got any more to add to this list? If you do, leave a comment below, and if it checks out, we’ll gladly add it to the list! If you’re interested in further learning about Ukraine, check out its destination page on our site for stories, photos, information, and more facts.
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SOC 101 - Introduction to Sociology - WR A survey of the major concepts employed in the systematic study of human relationships, with emphasis on society, culture, social interaction, socialization, groups, bureaucracy, institutions, collective behavior, social stratification, social control, social change and sociology as a field of knowledge. Three class hours. (SUNY-SS) Course Learning Outcomes 1.Summarize the theoretical perspectives: structural-functionalism, conflict theory, symbolic interactionism, and feminism. 2.Examine the use of the scientific approach in conducting sociological research. 3.Identify and describe the components of culture. 4.Apply sociological concepts to the development of self. 5.Differentiate between the normative and sociological understanding of deviance and conformity. 6.Examine the impact of structural inequality. 7.Recognize social institutions. 8.Interpret sociological concepts with a global perspective. 9.Utilize writing to communicate an understanding, application, analysis, or evaluation of material covered in this course. Course Offered Fall and Spring
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The Safeguards and Gender Management System GIZ supports political and social change processes, many of which are complex. These processes involve a range of different risks, which may relate to staff safety and security, changes in the political environment or commercial aspects. Care must be taken in project implementation to ensure that improvements in one area do not lead to deterioration in another. To avoid these pitfalls, GIZ has a systematic risk management system that collates, analyses and minimises risks. Part of this risk management system involves safeguards that ensure projects are environmentally and socially sustainable. The Safeguards and Gender Management System brings these safeguards together. The system scrutinises planned projects to assess unintended impacts and the potential for promoting gender equality. It enables both risks and potential to be identified at an early stage and monitored throughout the project cycle. This allows projects to avoid unintended consequences. The Safeguards and Gender Management System is based on the principle of sustainable development, which underpins our actions: we believe that we can shape a future worth living only by combining social responsibility, ecological balance and economic capability. When implementing commissions, GIZ therefore considers the potential negative impact of any project in six areas:
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If you’re a lucky Earthling, on a picturesque night at the requisite latitude you can sometimes see charged particles streaming in from the sun to energize gases in the atmosphere along magnetic field lines and produce spectacular serpentine green, reds, and blues — an aurora. If you were a Jovian, however, the light show would be a bit more…impressive. Today, NASA released gorgeous images from the Hubble Space Telescope’s exploration of Jupiter’s auroras. Hubble will be staring at the gas giant over the next few months to track how radiation from the sun and other sources influence aurora-formation. For example, while Earth-based auroras are primarily caused by solar wind, Jupiter’s comparatively gigantic magnetic field also corals particles spewing from Jupiter’s moons. Unlike Earth’s Borealis and Australis, Jupiter’s auroras are constant, and they are larger than the Earth. The picture above was produced from far-ultraviolet images taken by the Hubble’s Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph. Although the mission to catalogue such images will take many more months, NASA, the ESA, and lead scientist Jonathan Nichols from the University of Leicester, UK have already stitched together fantastic videos showing the movement of the north pole’s auroras over time. They look like mining a planet in Mass Effect 2 in real life. The beautiful observations are also timed to give context to NASA’s Juno spacecraft, which is currently blasting towards Jupiter at over 130,000 miles per hour. It should reach the planet by July 4th, and will then dive as close as 3,000 miles (5,000 kilometers) and below the restless surface clouds in order to study the planet’s formation, structure, atmosphere, and magnetosphere. Together, Hubble and Juno are sure to return more mind-blowing beauty very soon.
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What someone may see as grotesque, another may see an opportunity for art and/or innovation. A perfect example is this web page, with pictures and descriptions of 40 “garbage sculptures”. Some are just works of art while a few have a purpose and can be used. I find these pieces fascinating! If these items were placed in a pile or in the garbage no one would take a second look. People may view the items as useless, even repulsive, but the artists formed the items in such a way that they became something entirely new and different, and now something desirable and interesting to look at. I believe this can fit into the theories of both the sublime and grotesque because both of those concepts are truly based on individual perception. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder, and what someone may see as exquisite, someone else may see nothing; the same goes for feelings of abjection. After this course, I am sure each person in the class has a slightly different opinion and perception of the sublime and grotesque. Everyone can take something unique from the class and can use the theories we have learned and apply them to their own situations in daily life. We can all take the garbage life gives us and turn it into a masterpiece!
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At Ortega Elementary most walls are covered, top to bottom, with students' history, science or art projects. There are student-designed spaceships, a massive blueprint of Ellis Island's immigrant center done by third graders, replicas of bald eagles and eggs in a nest, a 25-foot long partial cut-out of the Statue of Liberty's foot on the floor, and family trees and many more exhibits. Even the principal's office is decorated to resemble a medieval castle. Every Ortega student, from kindergarten to fifth grade, is a "docent" or a "curator," able to speak at length about projects or research they and their classmates did. During a tour last week, Ben Norton, a kindergartener, explained that bald eagles aren't bald; they're name comes from an old English word - piebald - which means "white headed." Yiszel Hernandez, a third-grader, explained that the miniature Aztec pyramid, Day of the Dead mask and photo of her uncles playing Indian drums are all part of her exhibit on her family's Mexican and Indian heritage. Ortega's Museum Studies Institute, a magnet program, "allowed students to see (class) content come alive," said Superintendent Nikolai Vitti, calling it cross-over learning. During that daytime tour, some students dressed in white lab coats with NASA logos and talked about space travel to Mars and the moon, various technological advancements and their future careers in science. Others showed off paper wigs, beards and hats they made to resemble George Washington or Abraham Lincoln as they discussed famous speeches. Ortega's students and teachers get training and assistance from local museums such as MOCA, MOSH, and Cummer and from a national group that develops museum schools. The school also holds tours and "exhibit nights" to give the community a museum experience and students practice hosting. School board member Becki Couch said after the tour that realtors from the area had been invited but none came that day. Instead, she said, she has heard some recommend to homebuyers that they send their children to nearby St. Mark's, a private elementary school. This B-rated school has one of the "five best museum studies programs in the nation," said Stephanie Brannan, principal. Yet Ortega Elementary struggles to get recognition from the surrounding community, Couch and some parents said. Vitti has challenged all Duval principals to develop and market themes or career focuses at their schools, to win back Duval parents and students. Ortega is a good example, he said. "That's the vision, to have that defining theme or multiple programs and use that as the magnet to attract parents," he said. "The average parent is motivated more by programs and not necessarily by the grades received as far as reading, math or science. We want to create new menu options." Yet Ortega's academic and marketing efforts show how challenging it is for many of Duval's neighborhood schools to boost their community profile, even with an established, well thought of theme. Six years ago, Ortega was a typical neighborhood school. Then the district used a $1.2 million grant over four years to institute a museum studies strategy that was just starting around the country. At the time there were 10 museum schools, spawned from a well-known charter school in Atlanta. Now there are 45. Ortega's staff had a hand in that growth, sharing at least 75 lesson plans with other educators around the country. They also were asked to present at the National Association of Museum Schools convention in Atlanta in June. Museum studies schools partner with museums and integrate course subjects, so students learn to make exhibits, to research and write, create art and mixing it all with math, science, social studies and other academic disciplines. Ortego has seen academic growth, Brannan said, attributing it to teachers. "Research has shown that the arts enhance reading," she said. "It makes students more well-rounded. " On the last state report card the school earned a "high B," up from a C, after posting a 60-point gain in FCAT test performance, an unheard of increase considering most improving schools managed a 10 to 20 point gain, said Sheree Cagle, a Duval regional superintendent. Fifth-grade science teacher Ann McGlauflin, for instance, raised student proficiency by 29 percent in a year. The school's science passing rate is 69 percent, above the district 's 55 percent average, Couch said. Yet there are funding challenges. Ortega's music program, for instance, used a $5,000 grant to buy student instruments and is awaiting another $10,000 grant for a piano. The school used to average a field trip a month before the school's four-year grant expired. The trips, called "expeditions" because they gave students behind-the-scenes looks at what museum professionals do, are now down to three or four a year, school leaders said. Vitti said he has freed up money for school field trips across the district but he was unaware of Ortega's field trip challenges. He said he'll seek solutions for the next school year. Denise Amos: (904) 359-4083
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Northumberland, farming, animal husbandry, animal health, disease, Facial Eczema, prevention, dairy cattle, zinc, zinc suplphate, using in-trough dispensers, examples By Dr Clive Dalton Original 1991 information written by Dr Barry Smith and Dr Neale Towers, Ruakura Agricultural Research Station, Hamilton, New Zealand. 14. FACIAL ECZEMA: (Dairy cattle). Zinc sulphate. Using in-trough dispensers. - The use of in-trough dispensers will reduce some of the problems caused by the direct addition of zinc sulphate to the trough. - These devices still permit variations in concentration of zinc in the trough and the units may need twice-daily attention. - By comparison, the in-line methods cause smaller and more acceptable variations in zinc concentration and consumption. - They are more convenient, requiring at most only a brief daily attendance at the one supply point. - However, for the smaller herd, the dispensers have been refined and can give acceptable results if the makers instructions are followed. - They are much cheaper devices, but less convenient than in-line methods. - Calculate the amount of zinc sulphate to be added to the trough daily. - Multiply the dose rate for each class of livestock (see table) by the number of animals and total these figures. How much zinc sulphate would a 4 ha block with 2 suckling cows, 4 Friesian yearlings and 4 Friesian calves need each day? 2 F x J cows x 32 = 64g 4 F yearlings x 22 = 88g 4 F calves x 15 = 60g Total = 212 g per day - If attending the trough twice daily (preferred method for in-trough dispensers) add half the daily amount on each visit to the trough. - In-trough dispensers rely on the turbulence recreated by rapid inflows of water when the ballcock operates to ensure mixing of the zinc sulphate throughout the trough. - Where flow rates are low occasional stirring of the trough will give better mixing and more even zinc intakes by all cows. - Use the dispenser according to manufacturers’ directions. - There are two forms of zinc sulphate available. - Zinc sulphate heptahydrate is the material commonly available. - Zinc sulphate monohydrate is now also being sold; this is a more concentrated form of zinc sulphate and is used at two-thirds the dose rates used for the heptahydrate. - Once calibrated, a volumetric measure is sufficiently accurate for regular use. - Weigh out the required zinc sulphate into a plastic bucket. Level the surface and mark the height. - Fill the bucket to this level each day. This material is provided in good faith for information purposes only, and the author does not accept any liability to any person for actions taken as a result of the information or advice (or the use of such information or advice) provided in these pages.
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Five Pacific Islands have been swallowed by rising seas and coastal erosion, in what Australian researchers say is the first confirmation of what climate change will bring. The submerged region, which was part of the Solomon Islands archipelago and was above water as recently as 2014, was not inhabited by humans. However, a further six islands are also experiencing "severe shoreline recession," which is forcing the populations in those settlements—some of which have existed since at least 1935—to flee, according to a study published last week in Environmental Research Letters. Researchers used aerial and satellite images dating back to 1947 to track coastal erosion across 33 islands. At least 11 islands across the northern region of the archipelago "have either totally disappeared over recent decades or are currently experiencing severe erosion," the study found. "This is the first scientific evidence...that confirms the numerous anecdotal accounts from across the Pacific of the dramatic impacts of climate change on coastlines and people," the researchers wrote at Scientific American on Monday. Lead author Dr. Simon Albert, a senior research fellow at the University of Queensland, told Agence France-Presse that rates of sea level rise in the Solomons are almost three times higher than the global average. The five that sank ranged in size from one to five hectares (roughly two to 12 acres) and supported "dense tropical vegetation that was at least 300 years old," the researchers wrote for Scientific American, calling the event "a warning for the world." Rates of sea level rise were substantially greater in areas exposed to high wave energy, the researchers found, "indicating a synergistic interaction between sea-level rise and waves." SCROLL TO CONTINUE WITH CONTENT An existential threat to our democracy. A global pandemic. An unprecedented economic crisis. Our journalism has never been more needed. Can you pitch in today and help us make our Fall Campaign goal of $80,000 by November 2nd? Please select a donation method: That means islands exposed to higher wave energy in addition to sea level rise face faster and more widespread loss than sheltered islands. These higher rates are in line with what we can expect across much of the Pacific in the second half of this century as a result of human-induced sea-level rise. Many areas will experience long-term rates of sea-level rise similar to that already experienced in Solomon Islands in all but the very lowest-emission scenarios. Understanding the factors that put certain regions at greater risk for coastal erosion is vital to help frontline communities adapt, the study concluded. The families that have already been forced to relocate did so using their own limited resources and received little to no assistance from their government or international climate funds, the researchers noted. The exodus had the additional impact of fragmenting established communities of hundreds of people. Melchior Mataki, who chairs the Solomon Islands' Natural Disaster Council, told the researchers, "This ultimately calls for support from development partners and international financial mechanisms such as the Green Climate Fund. This support should include nationally driven scientific studies to inform adaptation planning to address the impacts of climate change in Solomon Islands." The Solomon Islands were among the 175 nations that signed the Paris climate agreement in New York last month.
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This is the second installation in a series of articles in which I present my view of church history with a focus on the relationship between church and state. In my last article, I covered the early church. Today I cover Constantine and caesaropapism. In the next installation, I will cover conflicts between monarchs and popes of the middle ages. As soon as the church gained a foothold into the government through Constantine, its dynamic with the state became much more complicated. While a government could be opposed to the church, the church could still have an important and necessary role in that government. Constantine originally granted the church (and other religions) freedom from persecution, but his personal conversion complicated the pagan emperor-based religion of Rome, and his unification and standardization of the church through the First Council of Nicaea signaled a trend of political involvement with—and not against—the church. The First Council of Nicaea set forth the main defining doctrines of the church, but it also inevitably called out the heresies, particularly the Arian heresy. While the church had previously dealt with these issues by internal debate, they were now set as official doctrine, an act that would alienate the “true” church from other professing “Christians.” This trade-off kept the church from the internal division along doctrinal (and, perhaps, cultural-racial) lines that largely characterized the church as early as Paul, but it also became the first time that the church found itself rejecting others in a unified, well-defined fashion. In finding its own shape, the church had to set its own boundaries and limits. In any case, the early church was delighted at not only Constantine’s abolition of persecution, but also at the gravity of his own conversion story. Eusebius saw Constantine’s involvement almost as a fulfillment of Biblical prophecy, the deliverance of the promise of hope that so many Christians had held onto for the past three centuries. Eusebius jumps from Biblical quotes to imperial ordinances, in ecstatic joy at the release from persecution and the new trajectory the church would take because of Constantine. One of these decrees was an imperial letter calling for 3,000 folles to be given to Caecilian, Bishop of Carthage, from the coffers of the state. In addition, he set forth a specific purpose for this money: “to see that it is distributed among all the persons named above according to the schedule supplied to you by Hosius.” If 3,000 folles would not suffice for this task, Caecilian could ask Heraclides “for any sum,” and Heraclides would “transfer it to you [Caecilian] without question.” Constantine’s conversion and personal devotion to Christianity as emperor of Rome not only freed Christianity from the oppression of the government, but put it on the pedestal of imperial favor. It remained a religion for the poor; even as the church went through the changes led by Constantine, Saint Nicholas was setting precedents of generosity towards those in need. The model of the rich using their privileged positions to give to the poor remained the same, and it was in this model that Constantine as emperor of Rome operated when he used the government’s coffers to fund the church of Carthage. With the release of persecution and the comfortable, unified position Constantine put the church in, Christianity grew across the Roman Empire—from five to thirty million—but it also began to change from an oppressed religion into an established, defined religion. Although self-inflicted pain and other methods were taken to replace the pain of martyrdom that was so central to the plight and creed of Christianity, nothing could replace the true martyrdom that took place under the Roman emperors that preceded Constantine. Constantine’s conversion was celebrated from the very beginning, and, as such, his own Christianity had little time to mature. Some pagan elements inevitably carried over into his faith. Although he certainly did not approach the level of divinity, he did become, in a sense, the leader of the church, even as he took the initiative to unify it. This established for the first time in Christian history the Orthodox model in which the king is the head of the church and each country has its own church. By this time, a true papacy had not yet arisen, so the Church of Rome, while influential, could not be considered the flagship of the universal church. During this time, conflict grew between Christians and non-Christians, led by imperial distain for pagans. Although it is difficult to argue that any real systemic oppression was set forth against non-Christians, the personal disdain Constantine maintained in his edicts for the evils of paganism rippled throughout the church an attitude of animosity towards the unconverted. Street fights did occasionally break out—especially in Alexandria, a city which seemed to have a propensity for street fights in general—but the most common act seemed to be vandalism of pagan shrines. This must be at once surprising and unsurprising: given their still recent history of being victims of persecution, one would expect the church to have had more tolerance for those who did not stand among their ranks. At the same time, it was not the pagan they hated, but rather the evils of paganism; the destruction of the shrines was a radical but loving attempt to bring the pagans out of their old ways and into the light of Christianity. To be sure, chaos broke out from both sides, as the pagans were unused to being the inferior religion. It was a turbulent time for the Roman Empire, but the violence that did break out tended to be spontaneous and local, even if inspired by Constantine’s negative attitude. Another scene of violence, however, took place: one within Christianity. Christians continued to treat others with love—both those within the Christian community and non-Christians—despite the occasional antagonism. However, Christians (or, rather, heretics) with bad doctrine were seen as traitors to the faith. Indeed, the most heinous crime a person could commit in the eyes of a Christian was the corruption of the most holy of religions. For this reason, internal disagreements on doctrine incited furious confrontations. Ramsay MacMullen tells us, “In their official high meetings together, Christians thus could not keep their own disagreements within the bounds of civil language; their continual quarrels required the intervention of the civil authorities; and all this was well known.” In Alexandria, a scene of doctrinal alignment escalated to the levels of tribalism as conflict arose between the archbishop Peter and Meletius, bishop of Antioch. Thus, even as Constantine put forth efforts to unify the church, the process of unification stirred up the many doctrinal disagreements between Christians. Following the model of Constantine’s church leadership arose an era of caesaropapism. The state held its sovereignty as the sole authority over law and order. Constantine’s involvement with the church was simply one of beneficence. Remaining largely in the fashion of the early church, he gained massive influence through his contributions to the church. It only happened to be the case that Constantine was the head of the state. However, a starker dynamic took place between church and state shortly after Constantine. As it developed, caesaropapism came to give more and more power and right of way to the church. Constantine may have followed the model of the early church to an extent, but he opened the doors wide for a more direct relationship between the two entities. The split between the Roman Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church demonstrated this conflict. The Orthodox Church, in a sense, was an extension of the tradition of caesaropapism that Constantine had started, in which the king, as the greatest benefactor of the national church, was also the head of the church. With the king as the head of the church, Christians were guaranteed safety from persecution. However, the Roman Catholic Church, led by the bishop of Rome (i.e. the pope), took on a different dynamic with the state. In the late fifth century, Pope Gelasius I wrote to Emperor Anastasius I Dicorus, declaring the Theory of the Two Swords. By this time, the dichotomy of church and state was much clearer: “There are two powers, august Emperor, by which this world is chiefly ruled: namely, the sacred authority of the priests and the royal power.” Pope Gelasius argued for precedence of religion over state. And so it was that, not long after Constantine’s nationalization of Christianity, the foothold of help the church had in the state became a foothold of power and influence. The state may have had influence on the church, but now the church certainly possessed a growing influence on the state. The reasons were largely religious, as Pope Gelasius laid out: [The authority] of the priests is the more weighty, since they have to render an account for even the kings of men in the divine judgment. You are also aware, dear son, that while you are permitted honorably to rule over human kind, yet in things divine you bow your head humbly before the leaders of the clergy and await from their hands the means of your salvation. In the reception and proper disposition of the heavenly mysteries you recognize that you should be subordinate rather than superior to the religious order, and that in these matters you depend on their judgment rather than wish to force them to follow your will. This communication is considered a seminal moment in the waxing of the church’s influence in the Roman Empire. While the tables did not immediately turn, this set the trajectory in stone for many years to come. Moreover, this was a clear distinction of the rise of the church as a ruling power in Europe. It represented, as Colin Morris puts it, “the affirmation that God had provided two powers for the government of men, the royal and the priestly, regnum and sacerdotium. Gelasius… had been clear in his declaration of the duality.” Yet, even as this dichotomy between church and state developed, the true relationship was not dichotomous. This communication was between two elites: the Pope and the Emperor. Those high up in the church hierarchy were now high up in society. The poorer local priests did not necessarily stand with the archbishops and popes who represented the higher ranks of the church. The drama that took place between church and state became largely removed from the Christian masses and those ruled by the state. “For a long time past we have made it our aim that freedom of worship should not be denied, but that every man, according to his own inclination and wish, should be given permission ot practise his religion as he chose. We hade therefore given command that Christians and non-Christians alike should be allowed to keep the faith of their own religious beliefs and worship.” Eusebius, The History of the Church from Christ to Constantine. (New York: Penguin, 1989) 322. Ibid. 326-7. “Copy of an Imperial Letter Making Grants of Money to the Churches.” Ramsay MacMullen, Christianizing the Roman Empire: A.D. 100-400. (New Haven, CT: Yale UP, 1984) 86. See Ibid. chapter “Conversion by Coersion.” Colin Morris, The Papal Monarchy: The Western Church from 1050 to 1250. (Oxford: Clarendon, 1989) 17. 1 thought on “Church and State Part Two: Caesaropapism” Yep! I disagree with parts (as if the Church didn’t have a notion of heresy before Constantine) >_> Expect a response!
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a. What causes flooding? Flooding isn’t just a threat to people living near water. It happens all across the country. In all regions, in all climates, in a variety of ways. Take a look at some of the causes of flooding: Storm surge is a large dome of water, often 50 or more miles wide, that sweeps across the coastline near where a hurricane makes landfall. Storm surge is the greatest threat to property and life along the effected coast. Intense rainfall in a brief period leaves more water than the ground can absorb. When this happens, flash flooding can occur. Flash floods occur with little or no warning, move at very fast speeds and can reach a peak in a few minutes. They can roll rocks and boulders, tear out trees and destroy buildings and bridges. Mudslides result from long, heavy rains on hillsides and mountainsides. The water saturates the soil and acts like a lubricant, causing soil, large rocks, boulders and homes to slip free. This type of flooding comes when higher-than-normal spring temperatures cause snow to melt rapidly. The excess water is too much for the frozen ground to absorb. On frozen rivers, melting snow and heavy rain break the ice into large chunks. These chunks float downstream, often piling up at bridges, dams and narrow passages. These ice jams can force water to overflow riverbanks, flooding nearby homes and businesses. Nature isn’t the only cause of flooding. New construction and paving alter land’s ability to drain properly. As a result, run-off can increase two to six times over what would occur on natural terrain. Areas that were initially zoned as low-risk can quickly become high-risk as urban development alters topography. The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) legally defines a flood as follows: Under the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) a flood is defined as a general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry land by: - The overflow of inland or tidal waters. - The unusual and rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters from any source. - Mudslides (i.e., mudflows) which are proximately caused by flooding, as defined above and are akin to a river of liquid and flowing mud on the surfaces of normally dry land areas, including your premises, as when earth is carried by a current of water and deposited along the path of the current. - The collapse or subsidence of land along the shore of a lake or other body of water as a result of erosion or undermining caused by waves or currents of water exceeding the cyclical levels which result in flood as defined above. To qualify as a general and temporary condition, the flood must affect either two or more adjacent properties or two or more acres of land and have a distinct beginning point and ending point. Also, to qualify, the flood waters can only be surface water that covers land that is normally dry.
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Microplastics, perhaps you’re familiar with the term, perhaps you’re not. Regardless, Microplastics are a major threat to our environment, but even more alarmingly, a threat to our own health. What are Microplastics? Microplastics include any type of tiny plastic particle that is no larger than 5 millimetres. This can range from standard plastic items that are purposefully made small to secondary microplastics that occur due to the breakdown of larger plastic pollutants after exposure to the environment. If you’ve ever wondered why modern reusable water bottles have BPA free written on them, it’s because scientists have found they interfere with our hormonal systems. If that’s not enough to worry you, plasticiser DEHP, used in a variety of products including children’s toys and has been linked to causing cancer. Through a variety of sources microplastics pollute the environment by entering natural ecosystems. These particles get eaten by the smallest of organisms in the ocean and this then continues up the food chain and ultimately ends up in human bodies. That’s right, those microplastics are in the fish that lands on your plate. The Increase For Concern Studies undertaken late last year found that the level of microplastics humans have been ingesting are causing damage to our cells, leading to allergic reactions and even cell death. In fact, scientists have even found traces of microplastics in baby poop. More than likely this is due to newborns that ingest formula in plastic bottles being found to be exposed to millions of particles everyday. The most alarming cause for concern comes from a recent study in Europe that found microplastics in the blood of 17 out of the 22 individuals tested. The author of the study, ecotoxicologist Dick Vethaak stated the result was the first indication that humans have polymer particles in their blood. The particles found within the blood of these individuals were 140 times smaller than human hairs. According to the study, the most common type of plastic polymer particles found were PET which are mostly used in disposable water bottles. The other type of plastic traces found were polystyrene, commonly used for food containers The risk of exposure from plastic particles leading to them entering the body is high. Microplastics can enter the body through the air, water, food, toothpaste, tattoo ink and even dental polymers. The study particularly raises questions about the effects of microplastics in our blood. The main question that researchers are asking is where are the plastics particles ending up in our bodies? The point has been made that it is entirely possible for plastic particles to be transported to organs throughout the body, even accumulating over time. Where to From Here? The good to come out of all this is that more research is being taken into understanding the effects of microplastics on humans. However, this means that we’re only starting to learn troubling facts such as the placentas of unborn babies containing microplastics. Whilst we can’t stop the damage that has already been done thanks to plastic pollution, we can try to mitigate the risks going forward. Therefore, steps need to be made before the plastic is out there in the environment or removing it altogether. This is why alternatives to plastic need to be utilised, now more than ever. Evolution of New Technologies We know that there are technologies that are constantly being developed to benefit our quality of life. However, there are numerous technologies also being developed to improve the quality of the planet.
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Each day of this Sharada (autumn) Navratri- the longest celebrated, vibrant festival on earth —— praying to these Nine supreme powers (nav param shakti), the nine Goddesses: Shailaputri, Brahmacharini, Chandraghanta, Kushmanda, Skandamata, Katyayani, Kaalaratri, Mahagauri, Siddhidatri to empower and strengthen everyone with their divine blessings. Apart from the serene significance of this Navratri, one more and other important aspect of this celebration is, ‘The Shastra Puja’ or ‘Astra Puja’ or ‘Ayudha Puja’. The day of Shastra Puja falls on tenth-day of Sharada Navratri (to easily remember the day of ‘Dussehra’) —— on this day the principal Three Shakti, Three Goddesses: SARASWATI (Goddess of Wisdom, various Arts, and Literature), LAKSHMI (Goddess of Wealth), and PARVATI (the divine Mother) is worshipped. The connotation of this puja is directly related to one’s profession or current activity and the tools related to it. On this day each such tool, vehicle, or weapon is worshipped with which study, business and war is carried out (for instance may it be a pen, piano, powerloom or a plane -or- kitchen tools of Chefs -to- tools of any craftsman -or- a needle -to- a sword). Celebrate this Navratri with a vibrance of life, dance, decorate, and worship each of these divine Devis.
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my question is farely simple. i want to know how do you execute cgi or perl scripts or rather call them from within html code. i was told you need to use ExecCGI but i need to know the complete syntax and also any other ways to do it. i use apache web server 1.3 and am able to execute the perl script separately without any problems. Thanx in advance. You do not evenneed an HTML page to start a CGI program. The only thing is that the URL that the browser tries to open is served by a CGI program. This means that the Apache server that you have should be configured to treat certain directories as CGI directories and start the files as external processes whenever they are referenced by an URL. [ back to toc ]
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One of the strangest living things on the planet started as a dog, but has turned into something else entirely. It originated somewhere in Asia about 6,000 years ago, when a cell in the genitals of an unknown dog developed mutations that allowed it to multiply uncontrollably. That is, it became a tumor. But unlike almost every other cancer, which ultimately goes down with its host, this one did not. Somehow, it gained the ability to spread from one dog to another through sexual contact. And in doing so, it achieved a kind of immortality. The original dog is long gone, but its contagious cancer—known as canine transmissible venereal tumor, or CTVT—lives on, having hopped around the world on the junk of humanity’s best friend. To clarify, several cancers can be caused by infectious entities; cervical cancer, for example, is the work of HPV, a sexually transmitted virus. But in those cases, the cancer itself is not infectious and cannot spread. CTVT is different: Each cancer cell is a free-living parasite that can set up another tumor on another dog. Among wild animals, there are only eight known examples of such transmissible tumors. Two grow on the faces of the unlucky Tasmanian devils. Five spread between shellfish. None are as ancient, prolific, or successful as CTVT. Now, a team led by Elizabeth Murchison of the University of Cambridge has finished the largest study of CTVT yet, comparing the DNA of 546 tumors collected from dogs around the world. The team’s study reads like an epic biography of this unusual cancer, and it shows just how strange an entity CTVT really is. As a typical tumor grows, it also evolves. New cells inherit the mutations of their parents, before picking up new ones of their own. This process of constant change means that cells at opposite ends of a tumor can be genetically different, as can those that spread (or metastasize) to other organs. By comparing these patterns of mutations and working backwards, scientists can identify which mutations arose when and where, and work out how a tumor originated, evolved, and spread. But they usually do this for samples collected from a single body. Murchison’s team did it for samples collected from six continents. “We mapped out a metastasis on a global scale, over thousands of years,” she says. Her team calculated that CTVT arose 4,000 to 8,500 years ago, somewhere in Central Asia. It then stayed there for millennia, perhaps because it emerged in a population of dogs that were isolated from others. For whatever reason, that seclusion broke about 1,900 years ago, and the tumor slowly spread west through Asia to Europe. Its movements accelerated about 500 years ago, when it hitched a ride to the Americas on the genitals of colonizers’ dogs and spread quickly once it arrived. In the 18th century, one particular lineage of CTVT made the return trip, and swept through Europe and Africa. Most of today’s CTVT tumors are descended from that American lineage. Colonization, globalization, and homogenization: The recent history of CTVT is not unlike our own. The tumor’s genes reveal not just the route of its travels, but also some of its encounters along the way. Many carcinogens mutate DNA in distinctive ways: Sunlight, for example, creates a very different pattern of mutations than cigarette smoke. Murchison’s team found that CTVT contains a lot of those sunlight signatures, especially at lower latitudes, where the sun is stronger. For example, CTVT in Mauritius has more sunlight-induced mutations than the same tumor in Russia. Based on that trend, the team could calculate how many sunlight-related mutations the original CTVT tumors would have had and, from that, the latitude at which the founder dog probably lived. “It points to China as a likely origin,” Murchison says. But one pattern of mutations was less clear-cut. Repeatedly, the team saw stretches of DNA where one particular quintet—GTCCA—had changed into GTTCA. (DNA is a chain of four building blocks that can be represented by the letters A, C, G, and T.) And that pattern has never been seen before, in any other cancer, from any other species. Weirder still, that signature accounted for a third of CTVT’s mutations during its early past, but hasn’t cropped up again in the past two millennia. “It’s very mysterious,” Murchison says. “This cancer was exposed to something that caused this very particular mutation, and has never been seen in any human cancer ever, and that seems to have stopped 2,000 years ago. We don’t know what that carcinogen is, and we’d love to. I guess it was probably something in the dogs’ environment? This is a very crazy idea and we don’t really believe it, but maybe ancient people who owned the dogs tried to treat [their tumors] with some kind of chemical?” Regardless of the source of CTVT’s mutations, it has clearly accumulated a lot of them. Put it this way: Today’s tumors are about as genetically different from the founder dog as two distantly related dogs are to each other. “CTVT is like its own organism,” Murchison says. “It isn’t really a dog. Is it a cancer, still?” There’s good reason to think that the answer is no. Sure, it’s a tumor, but one that behaves in very strange ways. For example, one of the hallmarks of cancer is genomic instability. That is, it is constantly mutating, duplicating or deleting genes, rearranging entire chromosomes. To look at a cancer genome is to stare at chaos. CTVT, by contrast, is a picture of stability. Yes, it has a lot of mutations, but that’s because it’s been around for thousands of years. If anything, it acquires new ones at a slower rate than you’d expect for a cancer. Also, the majority of those mutations, including almost all of the recent ones, are neutral. They don’t seem to benefit the tumor in any way. Again, that’s very different from most cancers, which are constantly adapting to outfox their hosts’ immune systems, or to grow a little faster, or to spread to new areas. Not so with CTVT. “We think that the cancer is not adapting anymore,” says Adrian Baez-Ortega, who was one of the main researchers on the study. “Maybe it doesn’t really need to.” Perhaps, early on in CTVT’s history, it found such thorough ways of escaping the immune system and jumping into new hosts that no further tweaks were necessary. Or perhaps it no longer imposes enough harm on its hosts to warrant a counterattack. It’s rarely fatal, after all, and if dogs are otherwise healthy, it doesn’t grow very fast. “The tumor and the dogs aren’t competing against each other anymore,” Baez-Ortega says. “They’re coexisting. The cells behave like cancer cells, but the ecology of the tumor is that of a parasite.” And a fairly benign one at that. Doctors should take note. In lieu of aggressive chemotherapy, which drives the evolution of resistant and recurrent tumors, some researchers are looking at a strategy called adaptive therapy. Their plan is to treat cancers intermittently and gently, enough to control them, but not enough to trigger the rise of resistance. The goal is not to cure, but to tame—to turn a tumor into a long-term but manageable problem. And CTVT shows that “a tumor can be tamed by evolution,” Baez-Ortega says. It can evolve toward low-key survival instead of aggressive growth. Its future is uncertain, though. While failing to acquire beneficial mutations, CTVT is also failing to weed out harmful ones. That’s understandable, because much of its DNA comprises genes for building a dog. It can afford to let those mutate into obsolescence. But over time, the genes that it still needs will also take hits. Slowly, the tumor will become weaker and less efficient. Evolutionary biologists have long predicted that purely asexual organisms—those that reproduce by cloning themselves instead of having sex—are doomed to this fate, which is why they’re incredibly rare. CTVT seems to be proving them right. “Is it an evolutionary dead end?” wonders Hannah Siddle of the University of Southampton, who studies contagious cancers. “Is it gradually becoming more unstable under its increasing random mutational burden?” Baez-Ortega thinks so: “I don’t see this surviving for millions of years,” he says. Humans have sped up the tumor’s demise by treating it with chemotherapy—a surprisingly easy feat because, unlike most cancers, it doesn’t seem to evolve resistance to drugs. Indeed, almost all the 546 dogs sampled in Murchison’s study were cured, even when their tumors had metastasized. “That’s astounding,” she says. “CTVT is probably one of the most curable cancers we know of.” But I wonder, when we talk about cure, do we really mean extinction? CTVT is a unique biological entity—not quite a cancer, not quite a dog, and not quite like anything else. There’s a growing movement to protect unglamorous parasites alongside more charismatic fauna. Is CTVT, with genetic collapse on its horizon, a case for conservation instead of cure? Would anyone seriously propose saving a tumor? “I think you could make that argument, but not at the expense of dogs’ welfare,” Murchison says. “They do recover, but chemotherapy is not nice. I wouldn’t personally be concerned if CTVT was eradicated from the dog population, but if it was kept in a museum, that would be ideal. “It would be very sad if it disappeared from the planet,” she adds. We want to hear what you think about this article. Submit a letter to the editor or write to email@example.com.
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Do you remember Jane Elliott’s famous “A Class Divided” lesson? It’s the one where the blue-eyed children and the brown-eyed children were set up against one another. Times have changed, but maybe we still need this lesson. Is Jane Elliott’s lesson relevant today? (Here’s the original post about it.) Her original lesson, in its time, was groundbreaking. People were still deeply entrenched in what the researcher Sonia Nieto might describe as monoculturalism (with a healthy dose of blatant racism mixed in), it was impressive to show mere tolerance of diversity. Jane Elliott was a pioneer for demonstrating the importance of recognizing not just the importance of progressing well beyond tolerance, but of recognizing the destructive nature of prejudice. As evidenced by Jane Elliott’s work, when students perceive themselves as being inferior, or even as being wrongly perceived as inferior by others, it can impact their mood, their self-esteem, and their work quality (and speed). Plus, framing student behaviors as defiant or oppositional, which is in the eye of the beholder (the educator) can contribute to CLD students’ low performance. Is Jane Elliott’s Lesson Relevant Today? Do you think Jane Elliott’s lesson about tolerance and diversity is still relevant today? In recent years, Jane Elliot has recently been working on presentations examining “the anatomy of prejudice” (here’s a link to an interview with her on her on-going, unfinished crusade). These presentations are valuable in contexts where participants need to overcome intolerance, but given the emphasis on multicultural education in most professional programs for teachers, most teachers with even a rudimentary understanding of multicultural education and cultural competence understand that blatantly intolerant attitudes have no place in education, and so, in theory, should not gain as much from studying Elliot’s work or going through her exercise. However, this just isn’t the reality. There is a disconnect between expectation and practice, and there may, indeed, be many teachers (even those who consider themselves highly culturally proficient) who might benefit from Elliott’s lessons. While Elliot’s work is well-received and seems to be necessary in the contexts in which she still presents (working with ‘regular’ people outside of the education world), they may still be very relevant in teaching contexts, where educators should aim for a standard far higher than tolerance, but must at least be tolerant in order to aim higher. Do you think teachers still need this lesson? Nieto’s levels of multicultural education support identify “affirmation, solidarity, and critique” as the highest level of support. “A Class Divided” is still a powerful lesson for a monocultural environment (the lowest possible level on Nieto’s scale). Those communities are striving merely for tolerance. But is Jane Elliott’s lesson relevant or necessary in most learning contexts where teachers support culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) learners. Most US teacher training programs, in my estimation, align more with the second to last level of support: respect. Typical educators in the United States may have no problem with tolerance and even acceptance, but may struggle to treat all CLD students with respect. In theory, this is not good enough, since if we imagine that people will end up realistically achieving cultural competence of multicultural education support on a level lower than the one they strive for. By aiming for respect, if the mark is missed, then teachers may end up merely at acceptance. Thus, it is particularly important for professional development programs to aim for the highest possible level: affirmation, solidarity, and critique (Nieto, 2008). That said, every single teacher must have the ‘bare minimum’ of tolerance. If that can be achieved, then they must strive towards acceptance, and then respect. Is Jane Elliott’s lesson relevant today in your opinion? Does it aim too low for the standards we hold teachers to today? Or do you think it’s more relevant than ever?
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Electrode pads, like tens 3000 pads, are a crucial part of the TENS system for pain relief. Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation, also called TENS, is a system of electric muscular tissue stimulation. TENS therapy has been shown to provide great relief for those struggling with chronic discomfort. TENS treatment creates muscle contractions at regular intervals. This treatment assists the body to ensure the secretion of serotonin and endorphins, both of which are all-natural medicines created by the body. TENS treatment has actually helped those who deal with a wide array of chronic pain conditions; the therapy aids people that are dealing with post-operative discomfort. This therapy could assist those suffering with chronic back pain due to disc deterioration, sciatic nerve pain, and various other nerve system problems. Additionally, TENS has been used to relieve soft cell damage from sports injuries. The effectiveness of TENS treatment depends on the correct positioning and quality of the electrode pads. Below are some standards for the positioning of these electrode pads. # 1 Ascertaining The Discomfort Area For optimal result, TENS electrode pads must be placed within the location of the excruciating pain. Positioning pads too close can decrease the effectiveness of TENS treatment and also can actually trigger added discomfort. # 2 The Right Amount Of Pads Two to four pads is the optimum number for treating a solitary location. With some TENS devices, it is possible to make use of one pad at a time. Users ought to move the pads they utilize around to find the very best positioning for efficient electrical impulse delivery. # 3 Where NOT To Use Pads There are some good sense standards concerning where not to place TENS pads. The pads must not be put close to the mouth, neck or the eyes. Electrode pads ought to never be put on recently healed wounds or on open wounds. Furthermore, TENS pads must not be placed over joints. These locations could be very sensitive to electrical impulses, therefore, making use of TENS over injured joints can cause additional damages. # 4 Optimum Positioning For people who suffer from pain that runs vertically over a huge location of the body, the ideal TENS pad placement is to have a pad at the top of the agonizing area as well as to have another pad at the base of the affected area. Reduced back discomfort victims need to put pads on either side of the affected location. Electrode pads are crucial components of the TENS system for pain relief. The performance of TENS treatment depends on the appropriate placement of electrode pads. For optimal result, TENS electrode pads ought to be put within the contour of the uncomfortable area. Positioning pads also close to one an additional can lower the performance of TENS therapy as well as could actually cause extra pain. TENS treatment has brought discomfort alleviation to hundreds of individuals. Nonetheless, every person must get in touch with a physician before beginning TENS treatment. TENS systems can be purchased over-the-counter, however, this form of therapy is most ideal used in consultation with a medical professional.
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A structure which is in the cell which contains all the genetic material of the cell is known as a chromosome. The genetic material is the building block which determines how the organism will develop. This consists of DNA which again is divided into subunits which are called as genes. The term chromosome was used by Waldeyer-Hartz which described structures which were formed when the cell was divided. The chromosome has a DNA module and several protein kinds as well. The DNA has nucleotides which are joined to each other in long chains. A DNA molecule which is in a chromosome could be as long as 8.5 cms long. In order to fit this into the chromosome therefore the DNA molecule has to be folded and twisted into a shape that is extremely complex. Each of the species have different number of chromosomes which are in the nuclei. Lilies for example have 24 chromosomes, chimps have 48, horses have 64, mosquitoes have 6 and the Adder’s tongue fern has 1000+ chromosomes. However, most species range between 10 to 50 chromosomes. Humans have 46. These 46 pairs of chromosomes are arranged into 23 different pairs. One of these 23 pairs are known as the sex hormones and they determine the sex of the organism. Males have an X and Y chromosome. Females have both X chromosomes. The sex chromosomes are passed on by the father trna. The X chromosome has 3 times the size of the Y chromosome and it carries 100 times more information than the Y chromosome. The genes in the DNA molecule contains information for creating a single protein kind. These are very important. The cells have specific functions which they need to perform. Genes tell cells how the different chemical compounds need to be manufactured so that they properly can function.
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The halogens are the elements in group 17 of the periodic table, that is: fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. Includes an overview, general properties, reactivity trends, and information about the industrial electrolysis of sodium chloride solution. Covers their properties, methods of preparation, general trends, the hydrogen halides, and oxyacids of the halogens and their salts. Thanks to DMOZ, which built a great web directory for nearly two decades and freely shared it with the web. About us
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"Because writing is thinking and learning requires thinking, students who write as they are learning think more and thus learn more." Moore, D. W., Moore, S. A., Cunningham, P. M., & Cunningham, J. W. Developing readers and writers in the content areas K-12 While writing is a crucial part of students literacy, writing also has a crucial place outside the language arts curriculum. Writing across the curriculum, writing in all content areas, has been used for almost 150 years to support student learning. As students express and explain their learning, they reflect and think about content in ways that improve their comprehension.Read More
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CHICAGO, Illinois (CNN) -- Environmentally friendly engineering is really right up Chicago's alley -- in a city project called Green Alleys. Chicago workers resurface alleys with permeable concrete that cleans rainwater before it runs into Lake Michigan. The program aims to stop polluted rainwater in the city's alleyways from ending up in adjacent Lake Michigan. Chicago's 13,000 alleys, which allow rear access to buildings, date back to the 1800s. The 1,900 miles of back alleys ease access for garbage collection, loading and parking. They also make up about 3,500 acres of impermeable surface, which has created a big problem. Many of the alleys were built without connections to storm sewers. Rainwater puddles on the pavement and can run into buildings, sometimes flooding basements. "We wanted to come up with a different way of solving that problem other than reconstructing, putting in a sewer system and adding water to our already full sewer system," said Janet Attarian, sustainability coordinator with the Chicago Department of Transportation. So, the extreme alley makeover started with the pavement. The alleys are being resurfaced with concrete, asphalt or paving stones that are permeable -- that is, water runs through them like a sieve to the dirt beneath. Microbes that thrive on stuff like fertilizer and oil are seeded into the pavement or migrate there naturally. They cleanse the water of pollutants from cars and lawns. The cleaner water makes its way into the groundwater, called an aquifer, and then flows into Lake Michigan. That's a big deal, Attarian explained, because the city takes about a billion gallons of water out of Lake Michigan every year. But only about 1 percent of that water finds its way back to the lake, Attarian said. "So by infiltrating that aquifer, we have a chance to [give] some of that water back." Additionally, green alleys feature pavement that's high in albedo, or the ability to reflect light. The surface is lighter in color, reflecting more sunlight and absorbing less. "It's like putting on a white T-shirt instead of a black one on a hot summer day," Attarian said. "It cools the city off and reduces our carbon footprint." Other features of the Green Alley program include the use of recycled materials in pavement and energy-efficient light fixtures that direct light downward to reduce light pollution. How green are those alleys? Chicago has greened 40 of them, with 48 more scheduled to get the treatment this year. |Most Viewed||Most Emailed|
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By Andre Sousa, Product Marketing Manager for SIMs & EMV cards at Valid. As technology has advanced, semiconductor chips (an electric circuit with many components such as transistors and wiring formed on a semiconductor wafer, which is a physical unit used for manufacturing semiconductor devices) have expanded from computers and cars to toothbrushes and clothes dryers. They are the unsung heroes of the new technological world, working behind the scenes to power almost everything. In recent years, they have empowered breakthrough technologies, including artificial intelligence and machine learning, transforming how we live and work. However, to take the digital revolution to the next level, it will require even more advanced and innovative chips with greater computing power and memory capacity. There are two types of definitions when we talk about the semiconductor chip production environment, and it is important to differentiate them – the “silicon design” and “silicon foundry”. The silicon design is a worldwide activity that manages the creation of new features in the “systems on a chip” and focus on broader segments of the market. The “silicon foundry”, however, is focused on geographical areas and it requires more capital investments. In past eight years, the silicon foundry investments have dramatically increased in Taiwan and China, for example. Chips are now a crucial component in many strategic technologies – from defense systems to cybersecurity and renewable energy – that their manufacture has become a major geopolitical issue. Policymakers are now saying that “chips are the new oil”. They were invented in the U.S., and much of the cutting-edge design still takes place there, but around 80% of production is now based in Asia (mostly in Taiwan, South Korea and China) due to cost efficiency. Due to the global semiconductor shortage, one of the many problems caused by the covid-19 pandemic, all companies at some level of business are experiencing effects of this scarcity, especially around certain sets of smart products and production. Governments around the globe are worried about this issue since the severity of the global chip shortage has increased in recent months, impacting millions of people. Below we explain why the chip shortage is happening, which segments are most affected by it and how you can reduce the impact for your customers, based on Valid’s experience. - What is causing the microchip shortage? As the world shut down due to the covid-19 pandemic, many factories shut down with it, making the manufacturing of chips impossible for months. The increased demand for consumer electronics also caused significant shifts that rippled up the supply chain. - Which market segments are most affected? If we look at successive technology nodes, we see that new investments are generally made in the most advanced areas of the mobile industry, for the benefit of the computer and consumer devices industries, while older plants are recycled for the automotive component industry and other small modules such as smartcards. Currently, the needs of these more innovative segments are exceeding existing capacity and it is difficult to justify investments in older technology nodes. Therefore, the smartcard segments, including Telecom (SIM cards), are taking a big hit within the supply chain ecosystem. There are billions of SIM cards in circulation around the world, so any reduction in the market’s ability to deliver these cards will have a significant impact on people’s lives, especially in markets that are not operating in a fully digital way, or make the usage of embedded and integrated secure devices instead of the traditional SIM card. - How long will the shortage last? “There is no end in sight”. According to different market sources, some companies estimate that it may take from one to two years before production is able to return to normal. It is clear that the global chip shortage shows no signs of diminishing anytime soon. So, for now, the chip industry will continue to be hampered by the consequences of the covid-19 pandemic, as products are shipped with missing features and higher prices — often after long delays. Discussions with key channels about supply plans, so that chip suppliers can assign components to products that have the greatest urgency or priority in terms of supply, have taken place. Opinions on when the shortage will end vary. The CEO of chipmaker STMicroeletronics estimated that the shortage will end by early 2023. The CEO of automaker Stellantis said that the shortage “is going to drag into ’22, easy.” while Intel CEO, Patrick Gelsinger, believes that the shortage could last two more years. On that basis, the shortage will likely continue through 2023 and beyond in certain markets since supplying chips to the most valuable markets will take priority over other “less profitable” or non-urgent markets. As one of the top 5 SIM card providers in the world, Valid also faces some challenges related to the chip shortage in order to serve our clients within the Telecom market. Based on our global position and relevance in these markets, Valid has created an action plan to address this situation and is in constant negotiation, mainly with Telecom silicon suppliers, in order to minimize delays from the shortage, including contingency plans or migration from one chip to another. Valid estimates the entire year of 2022 will also be impacted by this shortage and that a return to normalcy will be feasible in 2023. A close approach and business plans that are very well aligned with your customers is crucial to achieving success during the shortage. Based on Valid’s good position within the market, the company has been able to minimize the issue in order to secure the supply of SIM for our clients. When specific issues have arisen, especially when it comes to chip volumes, a revised delivery plan is established for the coming months. How to keep on investing in new projects and businesses while living through a chip shortage? Valid is also working on new digital areas in order to provide its expertise and technology to serve the OEM, Automotive, IoT and M2M related markets. For example, the automotive sector relies on chips for everything, from computer management of engines to driver assistance systems, and it is the hardest hit. Companies such as Ford, Volkswagen, Jaguar, and Land Rover have shut down factories, laid off workers and slashed vehicle production. The semiconductor shortage will cost the auto industry $210 billion in lost revenue, according to consulting firm AlixPartners. Beyond the traditional businesses related to SIM cards, Valid also offers solutions for embedded secure elements, a segment that tends to continuously grow and need investments. Valid’s R&D, Technical and Sales teams are working hard to keep investing time and effort into building an efficient ecosystem that can be well adapted, when necessary, which is especially relevant during the chip shortage. It is important to keep exploring the digital world, the secure cloud, and its advantages, while working on creative ideas to manage external factors pertaining to this unprecedented global event.
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Sometimes it just comes naturally, but actually “do you understand?” is the biggest taboo question when trying to gauge whether your ESL learners understand the points being taught. With such inviolable questions, learners feel obliged to answer “yes” but how do we really know that they do understand? Anyone can get around this by just answering “yes”. The phenomenon of just answering affirmatively is more common with adult learners who have more of a fear of being wrong, but it’s not uncommon with younger learners too who could be tired, unwilling to answer the question or the fear of being teased by their peers for answering the wrong answer. Learning how to ask concept checking questions is one of the first things that ESL teachers learn in their TESOL or CELTA courses. However, even though we’re well-equipped with the knowledge on how to ask them and we know their importance, we often fail to do so and slip back into old ways and dirty habits of asking our students “do you understand?” It is those teachers, who regularly use concept check questions in their classrooms, who are more effective in their teaching and thus get better results. So, what exactly is a concept check question? Concept checking is a method employed by ESL teachers to check the students have understood what has been said in quick and short ways without asking that question “do you understand?” This way of checking comprehension allows teachers to check whether the learners have fully understood, whether their teaching instructions are clear or not and it also helps to clarify points that are still a bit of a grey area of not. While concept check questions are not a difficult notion, it does take time to get used to them, but just like everything else it will get easier the more you practice. How to Check Comprehension Without Asking ‘Do You Understand?’ Put Yourself in Your Students’ Shoes Everything taught or referred to in the ESL classroom needs to be checked for comprehension. Some simple things that we believe to be easy may just seem like a totally new tongue to your learners – well it is! Firstly, we have to remember that they’re not learning in their L1 so there are more chances that things will get lost in translation so to speak. To really understand how it feels to be your student, imagine what it feels like to be listening to a seminar or lecture that’s completely above your head for example, astrophysics. Even better still, jump online and play and try to understand a college video lecture that’s totally out of your expertise area and see how much of it you can actually grasp – this is exactly how your language learners feel sometimes when points are not explained properly. For many ESL teachers, they forget what it’s like to be a student and for others who have never studied another language, they just have no idea. No translation is the golden rule of ESL teaching – translating basically goes against everything we’ve ever learned as ESL teachers. While it may seem easier just to give a quick translation when we’re met with blank looks, it can actually be more detrimental to their learning. The main reason why translating should be avoided at all costs is that from language to language there are different ideas, concepts and behaviors which are alien to our learners – things that just don’t exist in their L1, therefore they can’t be translated. Checking Questions with Questions! The quickest way to check a learner’s understanding is by asking other questions. This can be done when learning vocabulary, grammar or in reading comprehension. Checking new terms and information with short quick questions is a surefire way of gauging whether your learners have caught on and whether your instruction has been clear or not. For example you’ve taught the word ‘pool boy’. How can you test they have really understood what a ‘pool boy’ is? Ask them short closed questions that require “yes/no” answers to determine whether they know it or not. “Is he a lifeguard?” “Does he clean the pool?” “Would he bring you a cocktail?” “Is it his job to serve you?” The abovementioned are a few example questions that could be asked to check if they know the true meaning. Asking a question that requires the word “maybe” could also make the learners think a little more and it’s a good idea for more advanced learners and if time allows you could also get the learners to justify their answers. Asking questions with “yes/no” answers will take the pressure off the learners to give full answers. In this way you’ll give the learners more confidence as they’re only required to speak one word and there’s very little focus on one student. Additionally, asking closed questions is the fastest way to check comprehension. You can move around the class and ask individual learners about different things or you could ask the questions to the class as a whole and have the learners answer in unison. Having the students answer in chorus at the beginning will make the learners feel more at ease with answering such quick fire questions without thinking too much. Avoid using the target word in the question if possible. If you’re trying to convey the word “peace” you wouldn’t say “is peace quiet?” Write the focus word on the board and ask simple questions such as “do we fight when we have it?” “can we touch it?” “can I have it in my mind?” “do most people want it?” Repeating the same word over and over again could become confusing and it’s easier just to have it in front of them visually rather than be heard in every question. It’s true what they say – pictures tell a thousand words. The great thing about pictures is that everyone sees the same thing. If one student sees a lemon, the rest of the students see a lemon too. Pictures, if chosen wisely, can clearly show the image of animate objects. Pictures are especially good with younger learners and beginners as there’s a lot of repetition. If you’re trying to teach the meaning of steak, hold up two or three pictures showing people eating different foods and ask the question, “Which picture shows the people enjoying a steak?” The learners will then answer picture A, B or C. In order to work with pictures for concept checking you’ll need to be super organized. While quick and short verbal concept check questions are easy to come up with on the spot for the more experienced ESL teacher, pictures are not – and even if you wanted to quickly sketch them on the board, it wastes a lot of unnecessary time. When planning a lesson, it’s necessary to decide which words will be the key words and which words they’re unlikely to know. Time needs to be taken to gather the resources – the traditional methods would have advocated flashcards but these days it’s much easier to use the internet and powerpoint if you have access to them in your classroom. For younger learners a great way to check they’ve got it is by asking them to mime. Young learners respond well to actions and the total physical response is an effective way of learning. Call out the words and have your students act them. It can be used for simple actions, but it can also be used for things, especially if they’re in pointing distance from your learners. A quick action or a simple point of the finger will let you know whether they’ve caught on or not. This method will also improve retention in the future as it’s been proven that putting words together with actions helps in the acquisition and retention of vocabulary. Using a little bit of variety in your concept checking methods will make them more effective. Another great and quick method of checking comprehension is to ask your students for the opposites of words. Or you could ask them if something is the correct opposite, “is empty the opposite of clear?” “No?” “What is?” Using synonyms and opposites will not only check their acquired knowledge, it will also help increase their vocabulary banks at the same time. Remember for your learners, things in English don’t come as naturally as they do in their L1. When teachers inundate their learners with difficult instructions or comprehension questions it could leave them feeling slightly inadequate and exposed which will have a negative effect on their learning. A good ESL teacher will continue to check their comprehension in quick non-obtrusive ways to ensure understanding and learning is taking place no matter what their level or age is as our number one goal is to have our students learn and learning can’t take place if there’s no comprehension. P.S. If you enjoyed this article, please help spread it by clicking one of those sharing buttons below. And if you are interested in more, you should follow our Facebook page where we share more about creative, non-boring ways to teach English.
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Migrant workers move from place to place to find work. In agriculture, that means going where the crops are. This was true for Estella Ozuna Zamora and her family in the 1950s and 60s. Her parents and her 12 brothers and sisters lived in Texas, but crisscrossed Idaho every year, following the crops. Inside the mobile StoryCorps booth in Boise, Zamora told her good friend LeAnn Simmons about what her early life was like. “My parents traveled up here to Idaho and Oklahoma, following the agricultural labor work. Our living conditions weren’t necessarily the best," says Zamora. "We lived in farmworker housing, provided by the farmers sometimes. We lived in shacks. We lived in chicken coops. Whatever housing the farmer provided or the rancher, that’s where we lived in.” “I remember being cold, not having a heat source. Sometimes looking up and seeing the holes in the buildings that we lived in. I think the best housing that we had was probably out at Farmway Village, that was known as the Caldwell labor camp back then. Originally, when we first came, we lived in the barracks. They were one room and they had wooden stoves. They had to use them as a source of heat and also cooking. That was in the winter and in the summer, in 100 degree weather.” “Where you happy as a child?” asked Simmons. “I was very happy,” said Zamora. “You know, we were very poor, we didn’t have much. The very first monopoly game that we had, we found at the dump. That’s where we got a lot of our toys when we were traveling. My Dad, for some reason, always managed to find the dump. He found a monopoly game at the dump and it was missing some pieces but we played monopoly for years, taught ourselves how to play. We ran all over the place. We took care of each other. The older brothers and sisters worked very hard out in the fields. Those that were maybe 12 or 13, took care of those that were younger than that. We pretty much got to do what we wanted. We were very, very happy. As poor as we were, I don’t remember being unhappy.” “Living at Farmway Village out at the labor camp, I remember playing with the kids all over. We weren’t allowed to go very far. A lot of houses had fruit trees behind the houses. We never let the fruit ripen. We’d always pick it when it was green. We’d either eat it with salt, or we’d play war with it and throw it at each other.” “I remember spending so much time with my brothers and sisters and them taking care of us all the time. I remember my oldest sister Eva. She was probably who I looked up to. My mother was always there, but she was always taking care of so many of us and probably the younger ones. So my sister Eva kind of took care of those middle-school age ones. So I remember her being the one to comb my hair and give me a perm and doing different things. Yeah, we were really happy.” Farmway Village was built in 1939 as the Idaho Migratory Labor Camp. It eventually was turned over to the Caldwell Housing Authority. It’s been transformed from a campsite with barracks into a small town with 243 housing units. Estella Ozuna Zamora is currently a commissioner on the Caldwell Housing Authority. She's also the President of the Idaho Human Rights Commission. StoryCorps is a national initiative to record and collect stories of everyday people. Excerpts were selected and produced by Boise State Public Radio. Copyright 2013 Boise State Public Radio
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By Kate Smolina and Kim Rutherford VANCOUVER, B.C. Jan. 26, 2017 /Troy Media/ – The tragic spike in opioid-related deaths has brought the large and complex issue of drug use and misuse into sharp focus. As fentanyl-related overdoses grip the country, there is a connected but separate crisis of doctor-prescribed opioids being increasingly used on a regular, long-term basis. While prescription opioids are effective for short-term pain relief, little data supports the effectiveness of long-term use – but there is evidence of potential harm. Longer opioid therapy can also lead to individuals requiring higher doses to obtain the same degree of pain relief. Higher doses may further increase associated harms such as overdose, falls and motor vehicle accidents. We recently published a study that shows British Columbians prescribed opioids long-term for non-cancer pain grew by 19 per cent between 2005 and 2012. How big is the problem? By 2012, more than 110,000 B.C. residents used opioids on a regular basis – equivalent to the entire population of Kelowna. The number is likely higher today. Each year, more people begin taking opioids than those who discontinue, producing an ever-growing population dependent on the drugs. At the heart of the issue is the ongoing demand for these drugs. This demand is fuelled by many factors, including physical pain, psychological pain, psychiatric conditions and/or socioeconomic factors, such as housing, food and job insecurity, and lack of social belonging. Many factors are interconnected. For example, mental illnesses such as depression are risk factors for developing opioid abuse, while depression can worsen chronic pain and chronic pain can contribute to depression. The key to tackling this problem lies in co-ordinated interventions across the health-care system. We need to provide better support and therapy options for those who using opioids on a regular basis. The current approach largely revolves around limiting supply by restricting opioid prescribing, including a push for lower doses and shorter courses of treatment. Such an approach is warranted, given that the overall prescription opioid consumption in B.C. has increased due to the use of stronger opioids and longer durations of opioid therapy. However, restricting access is insufficient and could be harmful if implemented in isolation. Asking doctors to reduce their prescribing may decrease a patient’s prescription opioid intake on paper, but it doesn’t address the patient’s real need for pain relief nor any addiction issues that may have developed. For many, there are few alternatives for pain management, due in part to a lack of publicly-funded programs, and inadequate public and private health insurance coverage. For instance, access to physiotherapy is often limited for those without extended health benefits, while many alternative medications for pain are costly. Other interventions, such as steroid injections, may be unavailable or have long wait times. Wait lists in the health-care system are also problematic. Patients may be left taking opioids for pain management while awaiting surgery or a consult with a pain specialist. For individuals who have developed addictive behaviours, there is inadequate access to timely counselling, detox and addiction treatment programs. Too many patients have developed long-term dependency on prescription opioids. However, reducing opioid availability without providing alternatives may result in patients turning to the illicit market to support their need for the drugs. There’s an urgent need for co-ordinated, accessible, timely and affordable therapy options for the treatment of chronic pain, addiction and mental illnesses. We must also work to prevent the emergence of new chronic opioid users by ensuring there are a variety of funded options to treat acute pain to decrease the likelihood of it progressing to chronic pain. These options could include topical agents, neuropathic medications, steroid injections, nerve blocks, physiotherapy and active rehabilitation services. Finally, a public education campaign about the effectiveness and risks of using opioids is necessary. Further upstream, investment into public health programs and services that aim to encourage healthy diets, weight control, regular exercise, good sleep habits and stress management could help prevent many pain conditions. We must broaden our response to the crisis to address the aspects of our health-care system that contribute to the increasing demand for, and continued reliance on, opioids. We can’t afford to wait. Kate Smolina is an expert advisor with EvidenceNetwork.ca. She was a postdoctoral fellow at the School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, at the time the studies were conducted. She works as the director of the B.C. Observatory for Population and Public Health at the B.C. Centre for Disease Control. Kim Rutherford is a family physician at Spectrum Health, Vancouver, and a clinical instructor at the Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia. She also works with Vancouver Coastal Health as an outreach physician in Vancouver’s Downtown East Side. Kate and Kim are Troy Media [popup url=”http://marketplace.troymedia.com/our-contributors/” height=”1000″ width=”1000″ scrollbars=”1″]contributors[/popup]. [popup url=”http://www.troymedia.com/become-a-troy-media-contributor/” height=”600″ width=”600″ scrollbars=”1″] Why aren’t you?[/popup] Looking for content for your publication or website? [popup url=”http://marketplace.troymedia.com/join-us/” height=”1000″ width=”1000″ scrollbars=”1″]Become a Troy Media subscriber[/popup]. The views, opinions and positions expressed by all Troy Media columnists and contributors are the author’s alone. They do not inherently or expressly reflect the views, opinions and/or positions of Troy Media. [popup url=”http://www.troymedia.com/submit-your-letter-to-the-editor/” height=”1000″ width=”1000″ scrollbars=”1″]Submit a letter to the editor[/popup] Troy Media Marketplace © 2016 – All Rights Reserved Trusted editorial content provider to media outlets across Canada
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Benadryl (generic name diphenhydramine) is usually considered safe to take while pregnant and is commonly used as a sedative and antihistamine for treating minor cold and flu symptoms such as runny/stuffy nose, congestion, sneezing, watery eyes, nausea as well as allergy symptoms like rashes, itching and hives . It may also be used for management of minor anxiety and as a sleep aid by pregnant women . It is never advisable to use Benadryl in pregnancy without consulting your doctor to assess the potential risks . Category B – Diphenhydramine does cross the placenta but animal studies show little evidence of harmful effects on the fetus. However, there is a lack of data regarding its effects on a human pregnancy . Doctors usually recommend taking a 25mg to 50mg oral dose once every six hours in the first trimester, while the dosage should not generally exceed 25mg in six hours during the last two trimesters [6, 7]. Use of topical Benadryl is considered safe in pregnancy as there is little evidence of harm to the fetus. However, there is inadequate data regarding whether the diphenhydramine in the ointment form crosses the placenta . Expert medical guidance is recommended to assess chances of complications. Drowsiness is the most common yet harmless side effect on this drug. In case of overdose: One case study shows oxytocin-like effects of the drug in case of high dosages and overdose. Moreover, it may have certain additional adverse effects when used by pregnant women, which are less likely to occur in non-pregnant patients . Fetal morbidity: One study showed the use of Benadryl along with Restoril (temazepam) to significantly increase the chances of fetal morbidity. Risk of birth defects: Certain case reports have shown a possible association between the use of diphenhydramine in the first trimester and an increased risk of cleft lip or palate in the baby . Withdrawal symptoms: In another case study, daily use of 150 mg Benadryl by the mother led to withdrawal symptoms in the baby. Occasional use has not been associated with any serious adverse effects in the nursing infant . However, prolonged use is contraindicated as the drug is excreted in the breast milk when taken by breastfeeding women . Long term use or larger doses have been shown to decrease the breast milk supply of have some negative effects on the infant (e.g. irritability and lethargy).
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An accurate map of the English colonies in North America, bordering on the river Ohio - An accurate map of the English colonies in North America, bordering on the river Ohio - Phillips Academy Andover - Collection (local): Sidney R. Knafel Map Collection at Phillips Academy, Andover MA United States--Maps--Early works to 1800 - Notes (citation): LC maps of North America, 1750-1789, 707 Covers from Maine to South Carolina and west to Lake Michigan. Relief shown pictorially. Appears in Universal magazine of knowledge and pleasure, Dec., 1754, v. 15, pg. 241. - 1 map : hand col. ; 19 x 23 cm. Scale [ca. 1:6,400,000] Rights status not evaluated. Contact host institution for more information.
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They are some potential problems that can be cause by #include directives. Consider the header file: // RigidBody.h #include "coreMath.h" // ---- Rest of RigidBody declartions // Scene.h #include "coreMath.h" #include "RigidBody.h" The problem is that the contents of the file coreMath.h were included twice in the same file. This is how it looks after the prepocessor is done with it: // Scene.cpp #include "coremath.h" #include "coreMath.h" To solve that problem we use include guards. Include Guard prevents the content of the file from being actually seen twice by the compiler. Include Guard is basically a set of preprocessors’s conditional directives at the beginning and end of a header file. // coreMath.h #ifndef CORE_H #define CORE_H #endif // End of scene.h If every header files has guards around it, we can guarantee that it is never included twice. The first time preprocessor includes it, the guard symbol is no defined, so it immediately defines it and proceeds to include the rest of the file. The next time we try to include the same file, the guards symbol is already defined and the preprocessor skips that file completely.
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” . . . unless you repent, you will all perish as they did”. Luke 13:3 On a wall of a building where Jews hid to try to escape the Nazi persecution were scratched the words, “I believe in God, even when he is silent.” It was an astonishing declaration of faith, that despite the overwhelming evidence against God, the writer still believed. In Saint Luke Chapter 13, Jesus responds to those who would have questions about the suffering of innocent people, to those who would have questions about why the world is unfair, unjust. Jesus responds, but his response is one that asks more questions. He asks about people from Galilee, people at Siloam, and people in Jerusalem In Saint Luke Chapter 13 Verse 1, we read of the killing of Galilean people by Pilate, a merciless murder of people who were taking part in their religious rituals, “At that very time there were some present who told him about the Galileans whose blood Pilate had mingled with their sacrifices.” The people cannot understand what has happened, why should devout people have died a horrible death? In their faith, good people received their reward in this lifetime, while evil people were punished, if Pilate had killed these people at the very time they were making their sacrifices to God, what did it say about the people? Were they sinners? In Verse 2, Jesus asks those who have come to him, “Do you think that because these Galileans suffered in this way they were worse sinners than all other Galileans?” The people’s reaction would have been obvious from their question, these people were not bad people. But Jesus does not explain why they have suffered, instead he says, in Verse 3, “No, I tell you; but unless you repent, you will all perish as they did.” The only response is to look beyond this life. Galilee for Jesus’ friends meant home and safety, it meant a place where they might go to escape from the horrors they might encounter. If we read Saint John Chapter 21, we see that the fishermen have gone back to Galilee and the risen Jesus finds them there. Galileans have suffered and their suffering seems to say that no place is safe from tears, for them or for us. When we experience personal grief, Jesus would not attempt to explain, only point us to the life to come. Ordinary lives are not immune to tragedy, and nor do we know when that tragedy might strike. In Verse 4, Jesus talks about “those eighteen who were killed when the tower of Siloam fell on them.” There has been a tragedy about which everyone had heard, a crowd of people have been gathered and one of the towers in the city walls has collapsed, crushing eighteen of those who were there. It has happened at a moment when people have not expected tragedy, it has happened at a time when people were probably expecting something very different. If we read Saint John Chapter 9 Verse 11, the story of the healing of the man born blind, we see the man telling his listeners what had happened, “The man called Jesus made mud, spread it on my eyes, and said to me, ‘Go to Siloam and wash.’ Then I went and washed and received my sight.” The pool of Siloam was a place of healing, it was a place where people might have expected moments when life improved, not moments when it came to a sudden and tragic end. The deaths at Siloam are sudden and without meaning, there is no explanation for such times. The tower has stood for many years, for many years it has stood above countless crowds of people; there is no reason why it should suddenly collapse at that moment when eighteen people cannot escape from the falling rubble. Jesus does not explain the disaster. The falling tower is a reminder that life is unpredictable, that sometimes things are arbitrary, not amenable to any of our human reasoning. We do not know when things might happen, life should be lived in an expectancy of the unexpected. Jesus asks those around him, in Verse 4, about those who had died as Siloam, “do you think that they were worse offenders than all the others living in Jerusalem?” Of course they were not, we do not know when tragedy might happen, nor do we know where tragedy might happen. Jerusalem is the holy city, it is the place of pilgrimage for all of the Jewish people. The name of Jerusalem had meant “the foundation of Shalem” in the days before it was captured by the Israelites, it was easy for them to reinterpret its meaning so that it meant “the city of shalom”, the city of peace. But Jerusalem had gone very far from being a city of peace, later in Chapter 13, Jesus looks down on the city and in Verse 34 says, “Jerusalem, Jerusalem, the city that kills the prophets and stones those who are sent to it! How often have I desired to gather your children together as a hen gathers her brood under her wings, and you were not willing!” Jesus knows that the place of holiness has become a place of grief, but he does not explain why the innocent people at Siloam should suffer, while guilty people in Jerusalem prosper. He simply says of those who died at Siloam, in Verse 5, “No, I tell you; but unless you repent, you will all perish just as they did.” There are often moments in life when we look for an explanation of suffering, there are often times when we might ask why ordinary people go through tragedy, often times when we might ask why something happened at that time, why something happened at that place. There must be times when we wonder why it was not someone else at a different time and in a different place, why it did not happen to someone who might have deserved it. Jesus does not answer us. Our hope is in repentance and in a life to come. In this world, there seem no answers. Like the person fleeing the Nazis, we have to say, “I believe in God, even when he is silent.”
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Teach kids to care about animals by sponsoring a classroom subscription of KIND News¿, an award-winning humane education resource for children. For many children, the family pet is their best friend. The Adopt-a-Classroom program teaches kids to be a friend in return. Through the program, parents and community members provide elementary-school classes with subscriptions to KIND News¿, an award-winning classroom newspaper that emphasizes concepts like compassion, respect, and responsibility. The monthly newspaper is published by the National Association for Humane and Environmental Education (NAHEE), The HSUS's youth education affiliate, and is currently read by more than a million children nationwide. KIND News (the acronym stands for Kids In Nature's Defense) includes articles, short fiction, activities, and projects that teach children simple, everyday ways to show kindness to people, animals, and the environment. Teachers use the paper to supplement their science, reading, writing, and character education curricula. Topics covered in KIND News range from pet care to living with wildlife to getting along with peers. In the September 2005 issue of KIND News, NASCAR driver Ryan Newman discussed the importance of reducing pet overpopulation and caring for pets. Dr. Kind explained why donations to animal shelters are so vital. Other features covered problems with keeping wild animals as pets and what students and teachers should consider before getting a classroom pet. Classroom teachers using KIND News have noted positive changes in their students. In 2005, 97% of teachers surveyed reported that KIND News had increased their students' knowledge of humane issues, such as the role of animal shelters, responsible pet care, and the importance of protecting endangered species. They also cited improvements in their students' behavior toward one another. "Most children are naturally interested in animals," says Bill DeRosa, NAHEE's former executive director. "Teaching children to care for and respect pets and wildlife can be a highly effective springboard for introducing basic character concepts that extend to others." The cost of participating in the Adopt-a-Classroom program is $30 for each classroom adopted and includes 30 copies of one of three editions (grades K-2, 3-4, or 5-6) with a teacher's guide every month of the school year, September through May. Also included is KIND Teacher, an annual resource book of reproducible worksheets, calendar pages, a class poster, and KIND I.D. cards for students. International subscriptions are available for $50. Single-copy home subscriptions are also available; contact NAHEE for more information. You can sponsor a classroom for the teacher or child of your choice or adopt a classroom on our waiting list. If you prefer, you can place your order by calling 860-434-8666. For KIND News subscriptions to begin at the start of the upcoming school year, orders must be received by June 15, however KIND News can be purchased anytime throughout the year. Check out the subscription schedule for more information. In addition to KIND News, NAHEE offers a range of humane education resources for parents, teachers, and students, including coloring books, videos, CDs, games, and websites.
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Hockey is a fast, fun sport: Players skate on ice and use a stick to whack a slippery round puck into the goal. But they get tired fast, too. So hockey players skate only for a couple of minutes at a time, taking turns. In an hour-long game, a hockey player will play for only about 20 minutes. So imagine what it takes to play a 15,660-minute long game! That’s what one group of players just did, setting a world record playing hockey for 261 hours straight. The 20 players on each team took turns eating and sleeping in the arena over 11 days. The whole thing raised money for Alberta Children’s Hospital. So while one team scored 3,490 goals to the other team’s 3,397, everyone walked away a winner! Wee ones: Hockey is played with a puck, which from the top looks like a circle. Find 4 circle-shaped things in the room you’re in. Little kids: If there have been 7 goals scored in a hockey game, is the game tied? How can you tell? Bonus: There are 20 players on a hockey team. If there are 12 forwards and 6 defenders and the rest of those 20 players are goalies, how many are goalies? Big kids: How many more hours would the 261-hour long game need to have been played to run for 11 complete 24-hour days? Bonus: Do you think any player in this game scored 100 goals or more? Why or why not? Wee ones: Items might include edges of cups and plates, watches and clocks, even tiny holes for sneaker laces. Little kids: No, because an odd number of goals cannot be split equally between 2 teams. Bonus: 2 players are goalies, because 12 + 6 = 18, and 20 – 18 = 2. Big kids: Just 3 more hours – 240 hours is 10 days, plus 24 more makes 264, 3 more than 261. Bonus: Yes, it’s more than likely, because 3,000 goals divided among 20 players is 150 goals per player on average – and goalies don’t (usually) score! As Staff Writer, Derek strives to bring you exciting Bedtime Math content and keep commas in their rightful place. Previously he helped manage a film studio in the Philadelphia area. Derek holds a B.A. in Communication- Media Production from Villanova University.
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Brazil’s commitment to refugee law and protection since the mid-1950s resulted in the passing of a bill on refugees in 1997 (Law 9474). This not only broadened protection for refugees by including gross violation of human rights as a criterion for refugee status but also created an administrative procedure for refugee status determination (RSD) and established the basis for refugee protection and integration in Brazil. This third task is undertaken by the Brazilian government, UNHCR and civil society together. Bringing social actors other than the government into the fold is regarded as a positive aspect of refugee protection and integration in Brazil, providing for a more holistic commitment to the cause of refugees. The government is, however, the most relevant actor in refugee protection, given that the National Committee on Refugees (CONARE), which has responsibility for RSD, votes by simple majority and is composed of six representatives of government and only one representative of civil society. Civil society, on the other hand, has led the way in supporting the integration of refugees in Brazil, providing, through direct work or partnership, up to 60% of the total budget for refugee integration in the country. This highlights the fact that in the first 10 years of modern refugee protection in the country, the focus of the government seems to have been on eligibility rather than on integration. This trend, however, has started to change since the 10th anniversary of the 1997 law. Since 2007 the Brazilian government has begun to devote attention both to refugee protection (through maintaining procedures on RSD that uphold international standards) and refugee integration, and has started to establish public policies on refugees. The federal government is looking into the insertion of refugees in existing public policies in Brazil; where this is not possible, it is considering the creation of specific public policies for refugees. Concern for the economic and social rights of refugees has now extended to the local government level where there have been new initiatives to improve refugee protection through integration. State Committees on Refugees One of these initiatives has been the creation of State Committees on Refugees, in the states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. These two states have the two most relevant centres for refugee protection in the country, given that the two UNHCR implementing partners for local integration are in these cities and assist over 90% of the refugees in Brazil. The first State Committee on Refugees was established in São Paulo in April 2008, presided over by the Secretary of Justice and the Defence of Citizenship. It brings together representatives from several other ministries – Economy and Planning, Housing, Assistance and Social Development, Employment and Work Relations, Education, Health, Institutional Relations, Culture, and Public Security – and from UNHCR, local UNHCR implementing partners and State defence attorneys. At the end of 2009 Rio de Janeiro established its State Committee with similarly wide representation. So far, the State Committee in São Paulo has acted in three different situations: on an issue of public security involving resettled refugees in the countryside, on a health issue concerning a hospital and resettled refugees, and by including 102 refugees and asylum seekers in its State work programme. It is clear from the Committee’s actions to date – i.e. involving groups of refugees but not the whole refugee population – that the Committee does not want to micro-manage individual cases but has yet to adopt public policies that will benefit the whole refugee population in the State. It is important that the Committee has started to act in specific cases that were brought to its attention but it is essential that broader public policy issues be its main concern in future actions. At the municipal level, a committee was set up in the city of São Paulo involving organs of the City hall, under the coordination of the Municipal Commission on Human Rights, and civil society to debate public policies for refugees and immigrants there. This is an important example of local government acting to protect refugees. These initiatives on refugee integration and on public policies for refugees in Brazil appear to be rooted in three factors. Firstly, in recent years Brazil has begun to be concerned with development and economic and social rights for its native population and this focus seems to have spread to refugees as well. Secondly, in light of the growing urbanisation of the world’s refugee population, UNHCR has started to work towards securing the rights of refugees in urban settings and is therefore highlighting the need for a more comprehensive integration and protection of refugees in urban settings such as in Brazil. Lastly, the focus on refugee integration has been one of the main axes of the Mexico Plan of Action under the Cities of Solidarity initiative. The main goal of this initiative is to promote access to basic services in health, education, employment and housing – all best achieved through public policies. It is important to highlight, however, that the State Committees for Refugees should not be seen as an end in themselves. Rather, they work as a catalyst for the creation of public policies to help ensure full protection of refugees in Brazil, guaranteeing both their civil and political rights and their economic and social rights. Liliana Lyra Jubilut (email@example.com) has been working as a lawyer, consultant and researcher with refugees in Brazil for 11 years. UNHCR also has implementing partners for resettlement and for protection. For information regarding the representation in Rio de Janeiro’s Committee, see Decreto 42182 of December 2009.
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But that concern is complicated by a quite different attitude: disgust. In a recent article, we show that disgust helps explain why even though many Americans support increased government aid to homeless people, they also support laws that effectively make homelessness a crime. What’s more, the news media’s approach to reporting on homeless people can activate disgust, increasing public support for policies that make it difficult for the homeless to pull themselves out of poverty and get off the street. Here’s how we did our research To examine public attitudes about homelessness, we conducted a national survey of 861 adult U.S. citizens through the survey firm YouGov during October and November 2014. We asked respondents whether they supported two policies aimed at helping homeless people: aid to homeless people and subsidized housing. We also asked whether they supported two “exclusionary” policies: banning panhandling and banning sleeping in public. We uncovered a strange pattern. On one hand, majorities support both aid (60 percent) and subsidized housing (65 percent), with only a small percentage opposing these policies — by 19 and 17 percent, respectively. On the other, a majority supports banning panhandling (52 percent) and a plurality supports banning sleeping in public (46 percent) — while only about a quarter of the public opposes these policies, by 23 and 30 percent, respectively. What’s more, the exclusionary policies are popular even among those who support aid to homeless people: 47 percent of those who favor aid to homeless people also support banning panhandling, while 44 percent support a ban on sleeping in public. Only 29 and 36 percent opposed these policies, while the rest took no position. So why the apparent contradiction? In our article, we argue that disgust helps explain why so much of the public supports both policies that transfer resources to homeless people and exclusionary policies that cause them harm. Disgust is a key component of what psychology often calls the “behavioral immune system” — a set of psychological mechanisms that help prevent contact with pathogens. Our behavioral immune system is overly cautious, however. We tend to perceive others who look atypical as potential sources of disease. Homeless people often lack access to proper health care and sanitation, and they are often covered by the media in ways that refer to disease. As a result, they may be perceived as pathogen threats. Disgust, then, prompts people to avoid its source, but it doesn’t necessarily cause people to dislike its source. Consider how you might feel about a sick person: you might want to help them while also keeping a careful distance. Disgust might lead much of the public to support policies that exclude homeless people from public life, while leaving public approval for policies to transfer resources to them untouched. Here’s how we tested our theory on disgust Some people are more sensitive to disgust than others — in other words, more easily grossed out. Our survey measured disgust sensitivity using the Three Domains of Disgust scale, which asks you to rate how disgusting you find various scenarios, such as finding moldy food in the fridge. We used this scale to predict attitudes toward homelessness while controlling for a variety of other factors. The graph below shows the predicted level of support for four different homelessness policies, where 0 represents strongly opposing the policy, 50 represents a neutral stance, and 100 represents strongly supporting the policy. The orange bars represent people who rated our disgusting scenarios as only moderately disgusting (the 10th percentile of the scale), while the blue bars represent people who rated the scenarios as extremely disgusting (the 90th percentile of the scale). As we expected, people who are more easily disgusted are more likely to support bans on public sleeping and panhandling than those who are less easily disgusted. But they are just as likely to support policies providing aid or housing to homeless people. We also found no evidence that disgust sensitivity predicts more negative attitudes toward homeless people in general. We also showed that news coverage of homelessness can activate disgust sensitivity by referring to disease and uncleanliness. In an experiment embedded in our survey, respondents were randomly assigned to one of two groups, and each group read a short paragraph about homeless people. In the first (control) group, respondents read a paragraph with generic references to homelessness. In the second (treatment) group, respondents read a story that mentioned concerns about public urination, littering, and keeping communities clean and sanitary. In the control group, which omitted direct references to disease or sanitation, we found the pattern described above. People who were more sensitive to disgust were about 11 percentage points more likely to support banning panhandling than those less sensitive to disgust, and about 17 percentage points more likely to support banning sleeping in public. But the reactions shifted among those in the treatment group who read the paragraph with references to disease. Readers sensitive to disgust became 24 points more likely to say panhandling should be banned and 23 points more likely to support bans on sleeping in public. That’s a shift of 13 and 6 percentage points, respectively. These findings suggest that when media coverage mentions concerns about cleanliness it amplifies the effects of disgust on exclusionary attitudes. Policymakers who want to combat homelessness should bear in mind that much of the public supports their efforts — but only from a distance. Scott Clifford is an assistant professor of political science at the University of Houston. Spencer Piston is an assistant professor of political science at Boston University.
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I’ve worked through some strange applications lately. From an end user using our 2” Super Air Nozzle to distribute an even bead of hot silicone, to helping a helicopter manufacturer eliminate static when conveying and manipulating Kevlar. Undoubtedly though, the majority of my calls lately have been centering around Cabinet Cooler systems and using EXAIR product to cool electrical enclosures. At first glance, the calculations to determine heat load can seem overwhelming and a bit confusing. But, in reality there are only 3 steps. 1. Determine the surface area of the enclosure. (Not volume!) Length x Width for all six sides of the enclosure. a. Since this method of heat load calculation involves surface area, it is noteworthy to mention that at least one side of the enclosure will be on the floor, against a wall, or mounted to an item with an alternate heat transfer rate. The surface area of this side can be subtracted from the total, or left into the equation to simplify and provide a margin of safety. 2. Determine the temperature differentials and the corresponding value in our Temperature Conversion Chart. 3. Add the temperature conversion values, and multiply by the surface area. This will give you the BTU/hr. heat load of the application. Here is an example: Step 1: Determine the surface area Cabinet dimensions: 2’ x 2’ x 1’ Total surface area = 16 ft² Step 2: Determine the temperature differentials and corresponding conversion values External Temperature Now: 90°F Internal Temperature Now: 105°F Temperature differential, ΔT = 15°F. The EXAIR conversion table notes a value of 5.1 BTU/hr./ft² for this temperature differential. Maximum External Temperature: 100°F Maximum Internal Temperature Desired: 95°F Temperature differential, ΔT= 5°F. The EXAIR conversion table notes a value of 1.5 BTU/hr./ft² for this temperature differential. Step 3: Add the conversion values and multiply by the surface area (5.1 BTU/hr./ft² +1.5 BTU/hr./ft²) * 16ft² = 6.6 BTU/hr./ft² * 16 ft² = As you can see, the heat load of this application is relatively low. However, the process is the same for any Cabinet Cooler system calculation. If you have any questions regarding the proper unit for your application, call an application engineer.
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Table of Contents - 1 What are the 6 economic and social goals? - 2 What are the 8 economic and social goals? - 3 What are the 7 economic and social goals that most Americans share? - 4 What are the social goals of a business? - 5 What are the four economic goals? - 6 Which is the best description of Social Economics? - 7 Who is the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations? National economic goals include: efficiency, equity, economic freedom, full employment, economic growth, security, and stability. In this lesson, students learn about broad social goals: economic efficiency, economic equity, economic freedom, economic growth, economic security, and economic stability. Describe the seven major goals of the United States economy. They are: economic freedom, efficiency, equity, security, full employment, price stability, and growth. What are social goals examples? 10 Examples of Social Goals - Be a Volunteer. - Donate a Portion of Your Income to Charity. - Join an Advocacy Group to Reduce Carbon Emissions. - Become a Mentor. - Attend Community Meetings. - Request Charitable Donations on Your Birthdays. - Coach a Youth Sports Team. - Donate Your Old Clothes. What are the 6 main economic goals? The U.S. six economic objectives comprise economic freedom, economic growth, efficiency, and full employment, security, and stability. The most important economic goal is economic stability. This is because economic stability enables other macroeconomic objectives to be achieved. Social Objectives of Business – Some Social Objectives of Business: Employment, Quality of Goods, Reasonable Price, Optimal Utilisation of Resources and a Few Others - Quality of Goods: - Reasonable Price: - Optimal Utilisation of Resources: - Complementing Government: - Fair Trade Practices: What are the four economic goals? There are four major goals of economic policy: stable markets, economic prosperity, business development and protecting employment. Which is the best description of Social Economics? Social economics is a branch of economics —and a social science—that focuses on the relationship between social behavior and economics. Social economics consists of two broad perspectives that,… What are the characteristics of a socioeconomic class? A socioeconomic classis a group of people with similar characteristics. These characteristics can include social and economic standing, level of education, current profession, and ethnic background or heritage. How are social economics related to the environment? The theories of social economics often consider factors that are outside the focus of mainstream economics, including the effect of the environment and ecology on consumption and wealth. Social economics may attempt to explain how a particular social group or socioeconomic class behaves within a society, including their actions as consumers. Who is the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations? The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), under the overall authority of the General Assembly, coordinates the economic and social work of the United Nations and the UN family of organizations.
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The Symbolic Lodge is the foundation and cornerstone of Freemasonry. This is the local unit which has the daily responsibility for implementing the programs and policies of the fraternity. The primary mission of a lodge is to create Master Masons. This activity should extend beyond the conferral of degrees and continue to provide general Masonic education for all members. These Lodges have been termed “Blue Lodges”, because “blue is emblematic of friendship, a peculiar characteristic of ancient craft Masonry”. The color for borders of aprons, collars and other regalia of the Symbolic Lodge is blue. The roster of officers of a Lodge have slight variations in different jurisdictions, however, the following list is fairly standard: - Worshipful Master - Senior Warden - Junior Warden - Senior Deacon - Junior Deacon - Stewards (2) A number of Lodges appoint a Marshal and/or a Musician.Excerpted from: A History and Handbook, The York Rite of Freemasonry, by Frederic G. Speidel
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