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L'efficacité du TPI à la SP a été démontrée en milieu rural du Burkina Faso à travers trois études [7, 20, 21]. Ces études ont rapporté une bonne efficacité de cette stratégie à travers une réduction de la charge parasitaire placentaire palustre chez la femme enceinte. Cependant il n'existe aucune donnée en ce qui concerne le milieu urbain, qui pourtant présente un faciès complètement différent du point de vue épidémiologique et socio- culturel. La présente étude qui est la première réalisée en milieu urbain permettra de fournir au PNLP des données complémentaires sur les deux villes (Ouagadougou et Bobo -Dioulasso) les plus peuplées du Burkina Faso. L’âge moyen des parturientes est de 26 ± 6,45 ans, chiffre voisin de celui d'une étude menée en milieu rural au Burkina Faso , au Bénin et au Nigeria .
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Linker peptides suitable for (i) oligomerisation of the SL scBsDb, and (ii) delivery of possible antigens to slanDCs, were cloned containing the l-Tag either two times (Fig. 1F) or three times (Fig. 1G(i) and (ii)). In all linker molecules, two of the l-Tag epitopes were separated by green fluorescent protein (GFP) which served as a marker and spacer molecule. An experimental antigen-containing linker peptide was obtained by cloning a Tetanus Toxin (TT) derived antigenic peptide (TTp) representing AA506–526 (NYSLDKIIVDYNLQSKITLP) of TT between the first and second l-Tag as schematically shown in Fig. 1G(ii). The different linker modules were termed l-GFP-l (Fig. 1F), l-l-GFP-l (Fig. 1G(i)), and l-TTp-l-GFP-l (Fig. 1G(ii)).
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Dans ce contexte, l’objectif principal de ce travail était d’adapter en français le questionnaire NHSPSC d’évaluation de la culture de sécurité dans les établissements accueillant des personnes âgées dépendantes (“Nursing Home Survey on Patient Safety Culture, Survey form”). L’objectif secondaire était de tester la faisabilité de l’évaluation de la culture de sécurité en EHPAD dans le cadre d’une enquête auprès d’un échantillon d’établissements.
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In rectal cancer patients, the 1-year conditional survival did not differ between both groups, remained relatively stable and ranged between 85% after 1 year and 95% 4 years after diagnosis. The 5-year conditional survival improved from 46% 1 year after diagnosis to 66.7% 5 years after diagnosis in subjects diagnosed between 1990 and 2003. In subjects diagnosed between 2003 and 2014, these percentages increased from 61.7% to 70.4%, respectively.
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Las diferencias en los resultados entre los países tienen un origen multifactorial que involucra una serie de factores como son los determinantes sociales y económicas de cada región 6. Dado que se trata de una patología de baja frecuencia y alta complejidad los sistemas de salud requieren organizar la oferta de servicios para garantizar que el acceso al diagnóstico y tratamiento de los niños con cáncer se concentre en Instituciones que cuenten con el talento humano especializado, las tecnologías biomédicas y la infraestructura necesaria para la complejidad de la atención. En este sentido los programas de hermanamiento entre hospitales ubicados en países con gran experiencias y otros ubicados en países de menores ingresos ha permitido mejorar la supervivencia 8,9.
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However, under the guise of the COVID-19 pandemic, some governments undermine women’s health when it needs the most protection, such as Poland and Romania . Some law and policymakers in the United States (US) have been effectively working to ban abortions by categorizing them as not “medically necessary” care and “non-essential.” Both US and Netherlands courts' responses towards petitions for safeguarding abortion access during this pandemic have been mixed . Further, some countries have taken regressive approaches towards women’s SRR; for instance, the Lithuanian health minister has asked women to rethink abortion during their time in lockdown . To cite some success stories from Africa, Zimbabwe and Nigeria had ensured continuity of SRH services by integrating them with other essential services such as immunization and food delivery programs. In Uganda, a mobile app “SafeBoda” allowed women to order contraception to their doorstep through a motorcycle .
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Reviewer #2: Manuscript by Burman, Watson, Smith et al. is a very interesting and valuable study of SCA7 pathology in patient-derived cell lines. These cell lines include iPSCs, reprogrammed from human fibroblasts, as well as cell lines obtained by neuronal differentiation. Neuronal cells were assessed for electrophysiological properties and examined for transcriptional aberrations. Cell lines were characterized comprehensively, both iPSCs and neuronal cell lines.
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As características que se associaram à inadequação do tratamento farmacológico de acordo com o GOLD 2011 e que apresentaram significância estatística quando consideradas em análise univariada foram as seguintes: ter até 8 anos de escolaridade, ter renda familiar de até 1 salário mínimo por pessoa e ser alocado na categoria A ou B (que representam pacientes que têm menor frequência de exacerbações e com VEF1 ≥ 50% do previsto),( 1 ) conforme pode ser observado na Tabela 5. A utilização de oxigenoterapia domiciliar (OR = 9,33; IC95%: 1,05-82,78) e a vacinação anti-influenza (OR = 5,41; IC95%: 1,02-28,79) foram associadas de maneira significativa à adequação do tratamento farmacológico. Também a variável "médico informou diagnóstico de enfisema" (utilizando exatamente esse termo) associou-se à adequação do tratamento.
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The relative retention time shift from AEX-HPLC and the percent deamidation of N414 by RP-HPLC-MS/MS were plotted on the same graph and fitted to a single exponential equation to assess the relationship between deamidation and the relative retention time shift. For AdC68 #1, the generated curves and associated rate constants align excellently with each other (Figure 3B). Both curves showed good correlation with a single exponential equation indicating a single kinetic process and both rate constants were within error of matching. These observations were also consistent with an additional AdC68 construct (Supplementary Figure S2).
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Percent depth dose curves of 6 and 10 MV flattening filter‐free (FFF) beams in the insets, as well as the dose differences between each curve and the mean values for the 30 × 30 and 200 × 200 mm2 field sizes. Dashed vertical lines in the dose difference plots show mean dmax (13 and 22 mm for 6 and 10 MV FFF beam) among all collected data
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The median visual acuity of both eyes at presentation and at the end of follow up was 20/71 (20/20-20/400) and 20/22 (20/20-20/300), respectively. All patients were treated with corticosteroids (1 of 7 patients (14%) received IV corticosteroid, 1 patient (14%) received periocular steroid in both eyes, and 7 patients (100%) received oral corticosteroid), and 5 patients (71%) received immunomodulatory therapy (mycophenolate mofetil (43%), oral cyclosporine (29%), oral azathioprine (43%), and subcutaneous injection of methotrexate (29%)).
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Difference in PaCO2 between groups targeting low-normal (4.5-4.7 kPa) and high-normal (5.8–6.0) PaCO2 Difference in PaO2 between groups targeting low-normal (10–15 kPa) and high-normal (20–25 kPa) PaO2 Difference in MAP between groups targeting low-normal (65–75 mmHg) and high-normal (80–100 mmHg) MAPDistribution of values for primary and secondary outcomesRandomized/screened patient ratioConsent rateData completion rateRecruitment duration
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BIP knockout does not affect ZIKV entry but reduces ZIKV protein levels. (A) Immunoprecipitation with Flag-ALPP as bait followed by silver and Coomassie staining analyses. Flag-ALPP and untreated Flag control cells were used. (B) Immunoprecipitation of Flag-ALPP and Flag control JEG-3 cells with Flag-ALPP as bait followed by immunoblotting with anti-Flag or anti-BIP antibodies. (C) RNA related to ZIKV attachment and entry in WT and BIP-KO JEG-3 cells after incubation with ZIKV at the indicated MOI. RNA expression was determined by RT-qPCR for each biological replicate (n = 4). n.s., no significance. The significant differences between WT and ALPP−/− cells at each time point were determined by two-way ANOVA with the Sidak multiple-comparison test. (D) Immunoblot analyses of ZIKV NS3 and ENV levels. pCMV-ZIKV NS3 (left) and ENV (right) were transiently expressed in WT or BIP−/− U-251 MG cells, and the cells were harvested 24 h posttransfection. The data are representative of results from two independent replicates. Download FIG S6, TIF file, 0.4 MB.
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Le cancer anal est généralement un carcinome épidermoïde. La révélation d'un adénocarcinome colique par une fistule anale métastatique est une situation rare dont la gestion reste controversée. Nous rapportons une métastase d'un adénocarcinome sigmoïdien dans une fistule anale préexistante traitée par une amputation abdominopérinéale du rectum, étendue au côlon sigmoïde avec colostomie iliaque gauche définitive.
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The present technique for melamine detection was further researched under the optimal conditions. From Figure 6a, the fluorescence emission intensities of AuNPs-CPNs were recovered gradually with the increased concentrations of melamine. The increased fluorescence intensity and melamine concentrations had a fine linear relationship from 5 nmol/L to 1.9 μmol/L (R2 = 0.9915, Figure 6b). The detection limit was calculated to be 1.7 nmol/L. This analytical parameter is very low in comparison with the reported literatures (Table 1). The relative standard deviation by operating 10 repeated measurements of melamine (1.9 μmol/L) was 1.2%, which illustrated that the fluorescence response of AuNPs-CPNs toward melamine was highly reproducible.
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To calculate gene’s nonbaseline dynamic signal significance, each gene’s nonbaseline estimated mean count μi,t(t≠tbaseline) was tested against the baseline fluctuation interval. Based on Equation 10A and Equation 10B, for each gene at each single nonbaseline time point, a dynamic time P value was calculated.
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The Freundlich expression is an empirical equation describing sorption to a heterogeneous surface . The Freundlich adsorption is presented in Equation (6):ln qe = ln Kf + 1/n ln Ce,(6) where Kf (mol1−n Ln g−1) represents the sorption capacity when the dye equilibrium concentration is equal to 1 and n represents the degree of dependence of sorption on the equilibrium concentration. Favorable adsorption was demonstrated by the fact that the value of n was greater than unity.
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Unter „ambient air pollution“ wird eine komplexe Mischung einer Vielzahl von Komponenten subsumiert. Dazu gehören PM sowie gasförmige Schadstoffe wie Ozon (O3), Stickstoffdioxid (NO2), flüchtige organische Verbindungen (inkl. Benzol), Kohlenmonoxid (CO) und Schwefeldioxid (SO2; [5, 6]).
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Functional imaging, especially when provided in its structural context, provides a platform for all branches of regenerative medicine research. The technology is constantly being advanced to image faster, deeper, less invasively, and more quantitatively, driving discovery of both biological and clinical mechanisms. This article will review some of the plethora of advances that have been made in recent years in technologies that have enabled discovery in the field of stem cell research. Topics such as in vivo fluorescence imaging and the benefits of label-free techniques such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and photoacoustic imaging (PAI) will be discussed, along with super resolution microscopy and radionuclide imaging.
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Corona-Infektionen werden über Aerosole übertragen. Dies begünstigt Ansteckungen im unmittelbaren persönlichen Umfeld, so dass Corona-Ausbrüche nicht selten in Clustern von mehreren Infizierten auftreten. Von daher sind Betriebe, Alters- und Pflegeheime, Krankenhäuser, Schulen aber eben auch private Haushalte Orte mit hohem Ansteckungsrisiko. Erhebungstechnisch sollten daher Haushalte statt Einzelpersonen auf ihren Infektionsstatus hin untersucht werden.
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While many bacteriocins are believed to function through membrane pore formation, MV-mediated delivery of bacteriocins to target cells has not previously been described and we could not ensure that a similar mechanism of antimicrobial activity was occurring. To assess membrane integrity in L. delbrueckii subsequent to MV exposure we employed a conventional live/dead staining assay using propidium iodide and SYTO9 stains to quantitate the pore formation and potential bactericidal activity of LabIP-induced culture media and purified MVs. In these experiments, a fluorescence shift from green (live cells) to red (dead cells) can be monitored as a measure of the pore-forming activity of the L. acidophilus bacteriocins. In a fluorescent plate assay, we observed an increase in red wavelength fluorescence relative to green fluorescence indicating that peptides in both the culture media and the purified MVs from LabIP-induced cultures compromise the L. delbrueckii cell wall and/or membrane (Figures 5A,B). These samples were also examined using confocal microscopy to visualize the results of LabIP-induced MV exposure (Figure 5C). Images were taken using both green and red filters of L. delbrueckii treated with MVs from either non-induced or LabIP-induced L. acidophilus cultures. Red:green ratios for the two conditions differed by ∼19-fold, quantitatively confirming the significant increase of visible red cells (p < 0.05; Student’s t-test).
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Uno de los centros diagnósticos participantes incluyó los resultados de exámenes adicionales en su clasificación mamográfica, lo que impidió compararla con la del radiólogo experto que hizo la revisión, quien solo tenía acceso a las imágenes mamográficas. Este es el único centro en que se hacen estudios adicionales de forma inmediata y según la necesidad a partir de los resultados de la mamografía.
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Mianserin has previously been found to be an antagonist of three Drosophila ‘β-adrenergic-like’ OA receptors , and the silkworm α-adrenergic-like OA receptor, BmOAR . Mianserin has also been shown to have a significant affinity for the Drosophila tyramine receptor, DmTyrR , and in C. elegans, this antagonist is reported to block the serotonin receptors, SER-3 and SER-4 . In this study we found that mianserin blocked responses mediated via AmOA1, AmDOP2 and AmTYR1 receptors, and that epinastine was an effective antagonist not only of the honey bee OA receptor, AmOA1, but also the DA receptor, AmDOP2. Taken together, these results suggest that in vivo effects of treatment with either mianserin or epinastine are unlikely to be confined to octopaminergic targets, as has previously been suggested , . Nonetheless, epinastine may prove useful in future studies for differentiating between responses mediated via AmDOP1 and AmDOP2, as AmDOP2 receptors are blocked very effectively by this antagonist, whereas AmDOP1 receptors are not. AmDOP2 and AmOA1 share a hydrophilic residue prior to TMV (E201 and N243 respectively, yellow alignment, Figure 8). In the corresponding position (L188) AmDOP1 has a leucine residue. This difference may help to explain the activity of epinastine at AmDOP2 and AmOA1 but not AmDOP1 as in human H1 receptors, the corresponding position (D186) has been shown to be important for histamine binding . Interestingly however, responses mediated via AmTYR1, which possesses a hydrophilic but positively charged amino acid at the position (R192), were not affected by epinastine.
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Lake Baikal is located in a rift depression on the border of Eastern Siberia and Central Asia and is the deepest lake on the planet (1.642 m) and the largest reservoir of unfrozen surface fresh water (23,000 km3). Baikal water is slightly mineralised (the sum of the major ions ~ 96 mg/L) with an unessential content of biogenic elements and high oxygenation (from 11.9 mg/L in the upper layers to 9.5 mg/L at a depth of 1600 m) . These conditions ensured the formation of uniquely rich and diverse biota in the lake. More than half of the currently known species of hydrobionts inhabiting Baikal are endemic. Thus, Lake Baikal is a natural laboratory for the study of species diversity and evolution , as a unique freshwater ecosystem meeting the all of the main criteria of the World Heritage Convention .
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Lastly, a scalar invariance was tested. The results were not supportive of the scalar invariance, indicating that at least some intercepts were not equal across the samples. As suggested by modification indices, the intercept was freed for item 1 (“Recognise the possible effects on physical fatigue”) of dimension fatigue management. The intercept of this item was higher for in person workers (τx = 2.85 vs. 2.69). Partial scalar invariance model M7 showed both good fit and an insignificant increase in model misfit compared to the partial metric (M5) model, indicating partial scalar measurement invariance. In relation to the latent means (κ), remote workers presented lower scores in communication (Δ mean = −0.21, p < 0.01), decision making (Δ mean = −0.18, p < 0.05), and situational awareness (Δ mean = −0.19, p < 0.05).
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A food frequency questionnaire based on the Food and Nutritional Surveillance System (SISVAN) protocol was used (15), with the following groups: legume (beans, soybeans, lentils, and chickpeas), cereal (rice, corn, and oats), bakery products (bread, cakes, and cookies), milk and dairy, fruit, meat, hamburger or canned products (hamburger, bologna, salami, and sausage), vegetables (except potatoes, cassava, and yams), sugary drinks (soft drink, canned or powdered juice, canned coconut water, guarana/blackcurrant syrup, and fruit juice with sugar), instant foods and snacks (instant noodles, packaged snacks, or crackers), candies (chocolate, pies, lollipops, gum, caramel, and jelly), and fast-food (pizza, sandwich, and finger food). The volunteers filled in information related to the time before and during pandemic for groups of foods and the differences were calculated. The frequency of consumption of the food groups was set to 0 for those who reported never consuming such food, 0.5 for those who reported consuming rarely, 1 for those who consumed once a week, 2.5 for consumption 2–3 times/week, 5 for consumption 4–6 times/week, 7 for consumption once a day, and 10 for more than once a day, and the differences between the frequency of consumption before and during the pandemic were calculated. When the differences were positive, they were classified as increased consumption and when they were negative, they were classified as decreased consumption. The consumption frequencies before and during the pandemic may be found in another study of the team (16).
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Alle Maßnahmen wurden so konzipiert, dass sie langfristig ohne Unterstützung durch das Projektteam oder weitere externe Gesundheitsprofessionen in den Werkstätten umsetzbar sind. Dies gelang durch die partizipative Einbindung der Zielgruppe in die Maßnahmenumsetzung. Ziel verschiedener Workshopangebote (z. B. zu Bewegung, Ernährung sowie Stress und Entspannung) war es, die Gesundheitskompetenz der Teilnehmenden zu stärken und sie zu ermutigen, gesundheitsfördernde Maßnahmen selbstständig umzusetzen oder anzuleiten (z. B. regelmäßige Bewegungspausen). Als Hilfe zur Umsetzung erhielten sie außerdem entsprechende Materialien (z. B. ein Heft mit Bewegungsübungen und Hinweisen zur korrekten Ausführung).
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Hardware logic circuits have been constructed and tested to operate the potentiometric system according to the procedures outlined in the Principle section. Only a few momentary switches or a sequential switch are required to carry out the procedure. However, as a minicomputer became available, a simpler digital interface to the central processing unit has been built. This provides far more versatile operation of the system through software implementations.
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5例中，第1例为Ⅰ型PPB，肿瘤组织呈囊性（图 1A），与正常肺组织界限清楚，囊壁内衬成熟的呼吸道上皮细胞；沿上皮下见原始间叶样小细胞聚集，细胞圆形或短梭形，似葡萄状肉瘤生发层（图 1B）。第2、3例为Ⅱ型PPB，其中第2例肿瘤组织呈囊实性，囊性区呈典型Ⅰ型PPB组织像，实性区大部向横纹肌分化，部分区域肿瘤细胞异型明显，另见散在幼稚的圆形和梭形细胞，并见陷入的良性上皮成分（图 1C）；第3例主要由实性肿瘤组织构成，肿瘤细胞为小圆形或短梭形原始间叶样细胞，可见灶性软骨样结节（图 1D），并见出血、坏死及血栓形成，另见少许囊壁成分，其组织像同Ⅰ型PPB。第4、5例为Ⅲ型PPB，完全由实性肿瘤组织构成，均可见原始间叶样细胞；两例均伴横纹肌肉瘤分化和灶性软骨样结节，其中第5例见大片坏死，部分区域呈间变性未分化肉瘤样组织像（图 1E）。
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Here, we present unprecedented three-dimensional simulations of wall-bounded cavitating flows at centimeter scale and 𝒪(105) Reynolds number using the NSK equations. Because our simulations are based only on van der Waals’ thermodynamic theory and fundamental continuum mechanics without additional modeling assumptions, we call them direct van der Waals simulations (DVS). Our computations are enabled by a residual-based, stabilized discretization concept that does not require hyperbolicity of the isentropic form of the equations, extends to van der Waals fluids the Streamline Upwind Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG) technique (16, 17) and the discontinuity-capturing (DC) operators (18), and improves the thickened interface methods (19, 20). We illustrate the algorithm’s performance with a parametric study of cavitating flow past a cylinder and a simulation of flow over a wedge that shows sheet-to-cloud transition. Our results are in good agreement with experiments, indicating that the proposed algorithm opens the opportunity to predict boiling and cavitating flows at centimeter scale or even larger using minimal modeling assumptions.
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Having confirmed the role of LRP6 in regulating ZGA and supporting preimplantation development, we next attempted to determine the effect of oviductal paracrine factors in activating WNT-LRP6 signaling and prompting embryonic development. To this end, we first compared the activity of WNT signaling between in vivo (IVO) preimplantation embryos and their counterparts generated under standardized in vitro fertilization (IVF) conditions, which were used as the model that lacks oviductal paracrine ligands because currently used commercial culture medium does not include any WNT ligands . By gene set variation analysis (GSVA), we found that IVO embryos exhibited high-level WNT signaling at the early cleavage and blastocyst stages. By contrast, IVF embryos showed lower activity of WNT signaling at these stages (Figure 3A). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) also supports this result. WNT signaling tended to be enriched in IVO embryos (Figure 3B). Then, we attempted to determine the paracrine ligands from the oviduct/uterus that could interact with LRP6 to activate WNT signaling. By integrating UNIPROT-derived secreted proteins and the STRING database, we screened out seven candidate ligands that could interact with LRP6, including WNT3, DKK2, WNT2, etc. (Figure 3C). All seven ligands were specifically expressed in the oviduct/uterus (Figure 3D). Next, we selected WNT2 as the candidate because its expression was more enriched at the early cleavage and blastocyst stages, which temporally coincided with WNT signaling dynamics during preimplantation development. To explore the developmental role of oviductal paracrine WNT, we supplemented WNT2 in culture medium throughout the preimplantation stage, based on mouse embryo assay (MEA) by using in vivo fertilized and in vitro cultured embryos. Although having no obvious impact on embryo preimplantation developmental rate, WNT2 supplementation showed a dose-dependent effect on improving increasing inner cell mass (ICM) cells and ICM:TE (trophectoderm) ratio of blastocysts (Figure 3E–I). Of note, we also found that WNT2 supplementation significantly promoted transcriptional upregulation of both minor and major ZGA, but not in blastocyst activation (Figure 3J–L), a process that is critical for blastocyst–uterine communication and blastocyst implantation . These results indicate that oviductal paracrine WNT2 has an important role in promoting embryonic ZGA, probably via the interaction with its membrane receptor LRP6.
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The volatiles must be useful information to the neighbor plant. They could predict the level of danger from volatiles’ information. There are at least 15 different compounds in volatiles between these four genotypes. This suggests a clone distinguishing based on difference in blend. We use the volatiles of artificially damaged plants. However, the plants are known to release different blend volatiles depending on different types of damage caused by different herbivores (Aljbory & Chen, 2018). A future work will be to discover whether plants can distinguish among damage varieties.
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Our study has revealed a large degree of context dependence for changes to the CTCF recognition sequence. Indeed, even over the core 14 bp motif, only 36% of SNPs affected occupancy (Figure 4A). Our estimate of the percentage of SNPs that affect occupancy in this 14 bp region ranges between 24% to 42% at FDRs 0.1% and 5%, respectively, indicating that the magnitude of this effect cannot be explained by the choice of significance cutoff. We have suggested that buffering is partly mediated by the strength of the binding site, as well as the sequence context at the local CTCF recognition sequence. In addition, buffering might be facilitated by a feedback process that maintains a constant CTCF occupancy despite alterations to the site's inherent affinity. However, while 21% of the SNPs in the region of protein-DNA contact that were significant in our association analysis also exhibited allele-specific occupancy in heterozygous samples, only 3.7% of the non-significant SNPs did, indicating that buffering is not likely to be the consequence of a feedback process. Alterations in DNA methylation might also mask the effect of otherwise significant genetic changes. However, only 30% of polymorphic CTCF sites contain a CpG at positions 1 or 11 of their recognition sequences. Furthermore, the prevalence of CpGs at these positions is the same at sites where a SNP does and does not affect occupancy, limiting the potential scope of methylation to fully explain the observed buffering. As this study was performed on transformed B-lymphoblastoid cells, it is worth noting that the specific CTCF sites that are buffered may not be extrapolated to primary cell types. However, assuming that EBV transformation does not invoke novel cellular mechanisms to regulate protein-DNA interaction, our primary conclusion stands that TF occupancy is strongly modulated by site-dependent effects.
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A travers cette étude rétrospective portant sur les dossiers de 466 patients atteints d´une BPCO ayant eu un scanner thoracique durant la période du suivi, nous avons étudié l´influence des DDB sur la sévérité, l'évolution et le pronostic de la BPCO chez ces patients. Nous avons montré que les DDB ont un impact péjoratif sur la sévérité de la BPCO à l´état stable (paramètres fonctionnels respiratoires, classification de la BPCO) ainsi que sur son évolution (IRC, OLD, EA, hospitalisation) et son pronostic (survie). Il existe peu de données africaines relatives à la relation entre la BPCO et les DDB.
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Given the reported efficacy of multimodality salvage radiotherapy with either PNRT or LT-ADT added to PBRT, the toxicity of combining the therapies is highly relevant (2, 3). In the present study, the average changes in patient's overall QoL score while on ADT, compared to baseline values, were statistically insignificant. This observation is similar to other QoL assessments for LTADT (28) while adherence to ADT at 18 months was comparable between RTOG 9601 (69.8%) and McGill 0913 (63%). The low compliance for 24 months of ADT (44.2%) among McGill 0913 participants may be secondary to robust participation in PCS IV (29), a local randomized control trial finding that 18 months of ADT was non-inferior to 36 months among high risk prostate cancer patients. Following the publication of the RADICALS data, one subgroup of their 2 × 2 factorial design will have been treated with the combination of LT-ADT and PLNRT, at the investigators' discretion, and may provide future insight (19). At present, the McGill 0913 data offers prospective data this regimen appears to be well-tolerated by its participants.
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In de praktijk blijkt het erg moeilijk om een diabetespatiënt met nierschade te behandelen met voedingsinterventies. Voor nierpatiënten gelden namelijk andere voedingsrichtlijnen dan voor diabetespatiënten, en deze richtlijnen zijn soms in tegenspraak met elkaar. Zo kan het zijn dat de voeding die een nierpatiënt voorgeschreven krijgt een schadelijk effect heeft op het behouden van de juiste bloedglucosewaarden en vice versa. Omdat de bloedglucoseregulatie belangrijker wordt geacht dan de nierschade, is het advies aan diëtisten zich te richten op de voeding die een bloedglucoseregulerende werking heeft. Het gevolg is dat veel diëtisten zich conform de richtlijnen dan toch richten op de bloedglucose en niet op het voorkomen of verminderen van nierschade, omdat het simpelweg bijna onmogelijk is om dat met voeding te doen.
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After an ischemic injury abuse there is forceful arterial vasoconstriction, facilitated by the release by the vasoconstriction (particularly endothelium and by the loss of intrinsic vasodilators (nitric oxide and prostaglandin I2 (PGI); this contributes to the loss of GFR and the restructuring of blood flow within the kidney. Hypoxic injury to the power–consuming cells of the proximal tubule and thick ascending limb of loop of henle occurs, then calcium and oxygen free radical mediated cell necrosis results in cell shedding from the tubular basement membrane, with the formation of the cast that block urine flow. Patients with suspected acute tubular necrosis are not routinely biopsied unless with further kidney pathology is suspected. A number of clinical features in this case are likely causes of ARF including his obvious dehydration and hypotension. Especially the patient was also using NSAIDs for long duration, which can be considered as an imperative factor in the causation of the AKI. NSAIDs (NSAIDs) are common cause of AKI used by the people either prescribed or bought over the counter (6). However, there is little evidence that NSAIDs own a role in the impairment of renal function of normal healthy person. However, in specific clinical setting such as atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in old age people, diuretic use, pre-existing chronic renal failure and NSAID using, AKI could be induced. Furthermore, study regarding NSAIDs, showed, this kind of AKI is reversible within 3-7 days when this drug is discontinued. Less frequently NSAIDs can cause acute tubular necrosis or even, more rarely papillary necrosis (7). There are many other drugs, which can be nephrotoxic and can play an important role in the pathogenesis of AKI such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) if used in combination can increased risk for post-operative renal dysfunction, possibly as a result of the intraoperative hypotensive episodes (7). Similarly, other drugs such as gentamicin or amphotericin can be nephrotoxic in order (7).
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Patients diagnosed by DSM-V for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (n=50) and healthy controls (n=36) were recruited following approval by the Ethical Committee of the Mental Health Center Beer-Sheva. Fresh isolated peripheral lymphocytes were treated with six different psychotropic drugs and assessed for the levels of 14 proteins involved in various mitochondrial processes; autophagy (Beclin1, p62), apoptosis (Caspase 3, BAX, BCL2), mitochondrial network dynamics (OPA1, MFN1, DRP1, FIS1) and the electron transport chain (NDUFV1, NDUFV2, NDUFS1, COX2, SDH1), by indirect ELISA, as well as mitochondrial cellular distribution, network connectivity and membrane potential (Δψm) by confocal microscopy.
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CD8 T cells chronically exposed to antigen develop a state of reduced functionality, a process termed “T‐cell exhaustion” . T‐cell exhaustion is now recognized as an epigenetic and transcriptomic differentiation state distinct from memory and effector T‐cell populations, and is characterized by the upregulation of multiple inhibitory receptors on the cell surface, such as PD‐1 and CTLA‐411. Exhausted T cells progressively lose effector functions, like the ability to produce cytokines, proliferate, and kill target cells, which hampers their ability to control chronic viral infections and tumors .
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Verschillende organisaties en sectoren proberen op hun eigen gebied bij te dragen aan een gezonde en activerende omgeving voor jeugdigen. Neem het Kenniscentrum Sport en Bewegen en het Nederlands Centrum Jeugdgezondheid, die samen bewegingsvaardigheden bij jonge kinderen van nul tot vier jaar gaan stimuleren op consultatiebureaus. Ook het onderwijs besteedt steeds meer aandacht aan bewegend leren.
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Sportactiviteiten, feestjes en bezoek zijn al geruime tijd niet meer vanzelfsprekend. Deze activiteiten bieden structuur en sociale contacten, dienen als uitlaatklep en kunnen bijdragen aan de zingeving van het leven . Er is nog weinig zicht op kwetsbare groepen.
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For adaptive processing, a subarray of L = M/2 = 128/2 = 64 elements was used for spatial smoothing. For CM estimate, we used one temporary sample (i.e., \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$F=2T+1=2 \times 0+1=1$$\end{document}F=2T+1=2×0+1=1) and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\Delta$$\end{document}Δ of 0.01 . 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All the imaging parameters are presented in Table 2.Table 2Important parameters for simulated and experimental for acquisition and data processingImaging parametersSimulationExperimentalCentral, sampling frequencies (MHz)6.25, 256.25, 40Transducer modelL11-4vL11-4vNumber of elements (NE)128128NE for emission, reception128, 128128, 128Subarray length (L)6464Sound speed (m/s)15401540Fractional bandwidth (%)6060Pitch (mm)0.30.3F number1.751.75Range, angles, gap\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$-5^{\circ }$$\end{document}-5∘ to \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$5^{\circ }$$\end{document}5∘, 21, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$0.5^{\circ }$$\end{document}0.5∘\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$-5^{\circ }$$\end{document}-5∘ to \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$5^{\circ }$$\end{document}5∘, 21, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$0.5^{\circ }$$\end{document}0.5∘Data acquiringFrom field IICRP (ATS)Diagonal loading \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\Delta =0.01$$\end{document}Δ=0.01 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\Delta =0.01$$\end{document}Δ=0.01 Subspace construction \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\alpha _{\text {th}}=0.05$$\end{document}αth=0.05 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\alpha _{\text {th}}=0.05$$\end{document}αth=0.05 SNR-CF weight param\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\alpha _\text {snr}=\pi$$\end{document}αsnr=π, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\beta _\text {snr}=0.5$$\end{document}βsnr=0.5\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\alpha _\text {snr}=\pi$$\end{document}αsnr=π, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\beta _\text {snr}=0.5$$\end{document}βsnr=0.5CRP contrast resolution phantom (model: ATS)
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(a) compares to the one derived from the mtDNA sequence data (cytb+ND4) presented in this paper (b). Examination of this new figure shows that ITS-2 groups 1, 2, and 3 of Bargues et al. are essentially the same as our mtDNA groups I, II, and III (i.e. they include specimens collected from the same geographic areas). Branch color codes in “b” indicate each of the four different genetic groups (plus T. hegneri) that comprise the T. dimidiata species complex. See Discussion section for more details on the few incongruities between the two topologies and on how these were interpreted and discussed.
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No studies were found regarding the effectiveness of SC to improve diaper rash. However, some studies assessed the effects of herbal or complementary products such as honey, olive oil and beeswax on this disorder and reported positive effects (17, 18). One study also compared the effects of C.O and Betamethasone to prevent acute radiation dermatitis and reported no significant difference between the two medications (19). Also, Panahi et al. compared the effects of Aloe vera and C.O on children younger than three years old with diaper rash and reported that C.O was more effective than Aloe vera (12). However, the present study showed that SC was not only more effective than C.O to improve diaper rash, but also accelerated the healing.
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Based on this long-term surveillance, we discovered that the high incidence region of HFRS has gradully shift. While, the principal factor of HFRS transmission dynamic is still unclear. It has been suggested that the climate variability may drive the dynamics of human HFRS infection, because the climate, such as temperature and rainfall can provide favorable conditions for both rodent population growth and virus transmission [27–29]. Urbanization and other relative human activities may also affect the frequency of contact between human and rodent populations furtherly impacting HFRS transmission dynamic [30, 31]. However, it seems to be unconvincing to consider urbanization playing key role in high incidence region shift cause urbanization of central or southern part of the province was comparable to northeastern part. In addition, it has been proven that there are some potential correlationship between incidence of HFRS and air pollution . Herein, we give a hypothesis that since 1980s the ecological environmental factors and human activities made a combined effection to local host species and virus genotype furtherly deciding the high incidence region shift.
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The patient underwent an elective left radical orchidectomy. The surgical specimen weighing 75 g consisted of testis, epididymis, and spermatic cord. It contained a 35 × 30 × 26 mm firm mass centred on paratesticular tissues adjacent to the upper pole of the left testis extending into the epididymis with a grey/white cut surface. Histologically, the tumour consisted of interweaving fascicles of cytologically malignant spindle shaped cells (Figure 1) with frequently bizarre nuclei. Abnormal mitotic figures were scattered throughout the lesion (Figure 2) and focal tumour necrosis was identified. The radial and spermatic cord resection margins were within normal tissue. Immunohistochemical stains were strongly positive for vimentin and smooth muscle actin (Figure 3). Histological features were consistent with a diagnosis of high grade leiomyosarcoma. Chest radiography and computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis revealed no metastatic disease, and the patient has remained disease-free for 18 months after surgery.
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Klare Zielvorgabe und ein gemeinsam erstellter Krisenplan sind notwendig zur Krisenbewältigung.Der Fokus auf soziale Teilhabe für Mitarbeitende ist zentral und fördert Anpassungsfähigkeit und Bedürfnisorientierung.Zeitnahe, konkrete Informationen sollten schnell weitergeleitet werden, um Unsicherheit zu reduzieren und Handlungsfähigkeit herzustellen.Der Dialog mit Mitarbeitenden, Angehörigen und Bewohnenden ermöglicht den gegenseitigen Austausch und lässt notwendige Anpassungen zu.Emotionales und psychosoziales Wohlbefinden Mitarbeitender und Bewohnender hängt zusammen.
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In response to the high tumor recurrence rate after CAR-T treatment and the limited efficacy of CAR-T in solid tumors, combined therapy has been developed to compensate for the inherent shortcomings of CAR-T cells and assist CAR-T to exert better antitumor effect. Many promising results have been reported (Table 1).
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JQ1 selectively inhibits HCC cell tumor growth. a Western blot analysis of BRD4 and MYC expression in 10 HCC cell lines. GAPDH was used as a loading control. b Cell viability curves are shown for serial dilutions of JQ1 in 8 HCC cell lines. Cell viability was determined at 48 h after treatment using Cell Titer-Glo. c Western blot analysis of BEL-7402, 97-L and 97-H cells treated with serial dilutions of JQ1 for 48 h. Total lysates were subjected to the indicated antibodies. d BEL-7402, 97-L and 97-H cells were treated with varying dose of JQ1 for 48 h. Apoptosis was assessed by Annexin V / PI double staining. Quantification of apoptotic cells was determined based on Annexin V positive cells. e 97-L and 97-H cells were treated with JQ1 for 48 h. MYC mRNA expression level was analyzed by qRT-PCR. f Western blot analysis of 97-L and 97-H cells treated with 1 μM JQ1 for 48 h. Expressions of MYC, p-MYC-Ser62 and p-MYC-Thr58 were examined. Band intensities were quantified by Image J software and graphed at the right side. GAPDH was used as a loading control. Western blot analysis of 97-L and 97-H cells incubated with 100 μM CHX in the absence (g) or presence (h) of JQ1. Data are presented as mean ± s.d. *p < 0.05
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The contribution of this paper is as follows and the main contribution is that we provide insight into what security challenges are valid in the real 5G NSA network and how they could be mitigated. -We divided 5G NSA security threats into radio access network (RAN) and core network (CN) to create an attack tree and develop 15 test cases that can be applied to real networks.-We verified the developed 15 test cases on the actual three mobile carriers’ networks and identifies eight valid vulnerabilities.-Of these eight valid vulnerabilities, we proposed equipment PKG software patches or configuration changes for five and relevant countermeasures for the remaining three.
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For endotracheal tube patients, the risk of cough was lower in deep extubation group than awake extubation group (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.10–0.60, p = 0.002) with a moderate level of heterogeneity among the studies (I2 = 57%, p = 0.04). However, for LMA patients, there was no significant difference in the risk of cough between the deep and awake extubation (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.08–1.32, p = 0.12) with a high level of heterogeneity among the studies (I2 = 86%, p < 0.00001).
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氟马替尼是我国自主研制的一种新型TKI，在分子结构上，用吡啶环取代苯环，并导入三氟甲基，提高了氟马替尼与BCR-ABL1激酶的结合力，增强结合的稳定性，且氟马替尼比尼洛替尼具有更强的抗BCR-ABL1激酶的能力–。体外研究显示，氟马替尼对ABL激酶ATP结合区的突变（V299L、F317L和F317I）也有较强的抑制作用。一项开放、随机、多中心Ⅲ期临床试验研究对比氟马替尼和伊马替尼治疗慢性髓性白血病慢性期（CML-CP）患者的安全性和疗效，结果显示氟马替尼组可获得更高、更快、更深的治疗反应且不良事件发生率更低。米瑞华等用氟马替尼治疗Ph+ ALL（包括7例初诊和2例复发/难治Ph+ ALL），获得了较好的疗效。
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The register data used in this study cannot be made publicly available directly by the authors. The data for this research project was obtained from the National Board of Health and Welfare in Sweden, which does not permit data sharing by the authors, according to the Swedish Secrecy Act 24:18. Interested researchers may request to access this data by directly contacting the National Board of Health and Welfare (socialstyrelsen@socialstyrelsen.se)
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A separação dos resultados entre os gêneros foi realizada baseando-se em um estudo(4) que mostrou diferenças nas respostas ao treinamento em homens e mulheres, com melhora do condicionamento físico em ambos os grupos, mas com um menor desempenho no gênero feminino, que pode ser atribuído às diferenças em suas respostas fisiológicas e morfológicas.
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既往研究比较了不同手术经验的手术单位在并发症发生率上的不同，其中有研究指出年手术量大于200例的中心是术后并发症的保护因素（OR=0.69, 95%CI: 0.55-0.89, P < 0.001）。我们的研究可以看作是自身前后对照，2007年-2011年我中心年胸腔镜肺癌肺主要手术量均不足200例，2012年-2018年则从212例逐渐升高到515例。经多因素分析，手术时期的后期是术后并发症的保护因素（OR=0.62, 95%CI: 0.49-0.79, P < 0.001），即手术时期的前期是术后并发症的危险因素。因此，对于开展胸腔镜肺癌根治术的单位，手术量的积累是保障手术质量的必要步骤。
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Grape vinegar’s PG, IN and OUT fractions were analyzed. Modest and insignificant effects on total phenolic content (TPC) were observed (Table 4). Apparently the compounds measured in this way are not partitioned by the in vitro digestion system. The total flavonoid content (TFC) clearly dropped in the IN samples, indicating that the compounds addressed by the TFC measurements are poorly serum-available. The antioxidant capacity (TAC), addressed by different methods, showed in each methodology that the transition from initial to post-gastric fraction, and in the transition from post-gastric to serum available and non-serum available material, significant losses of activity can be observed. The recovery of antioxidants, representing the serum-available fraction of the initial material, is 10% to 40%, depending on the analytical method used.
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Over the last few years, a number of computational algorithms have been proposed to analyze scRNAseq data, focusing on different aspects (Chen et al., 2019). In particular, a growing class of computational methods is being developed for identifying distinct cell populations (Andrews and Hemberg, 2018). These methods are based on various types of clustering techniques, which aim to divide cells into groups that share similar gene expression patterns. In this way, each group can be associated with a specific cell type or subtype on the basis of well-known markers, or novel cell subtypes can be identified. However, before applying the clustering algorithm, such methods often require to perform a series of mandatory or optional steps that include preprocessing, filtering or dimension reduction (Luecken and Theis, 2019). In several cases, such steps can be adapted by the user by choosing an appropriate set of parameters. Thus, methods turn to be very heterogeneous in the way they model data and perform the individual steps. Differences arise at each stage of the analysis and are not yet fully understood. For example, some algorithms work with raw count dataset (Zurauskiene and Yau, 2016; Lin et al., 2017; Sun et al., 2018), others require normalized gene expression values (Macosko et al., 2015; Ji and Ji, 2016; Senabouth et al., 2019) or can handle both formats (Yip et al., 2017; Qiu et al., 2017; Kiselev et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2017). Some of the tools do incorporate an additional method-specific preprocessing step in terms of filtering or normalization (Senabouth et al., 2019; Yip et al., 2017), to remove noise present in the data, other require such step to be done externally before the execution of the method (Julia et al., 2015). In addition to preprocessing, many methods often utilize dimension reduction techniques, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) or t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (tSNE), in order to reduce the high-dimensional space (expression of tens of thousands of genes) prior to clustering (Julia et al., 2015; Herman and Grün, 2018; Ren et al., 2019).
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Non-returning bees were characteristically different from returning bees. They exhibited a reduced continuous flight time (FHS 1, 143.8 = 8.94, p = 0.003) and distance between “stops” (FHS1, 130.6 = 8.55, p = 0.004) and an increase in continuous stop duration (FHS1, 115.0 = 4.50, p = 0.036) compared to homed bees (Table 1).
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Différentes causes d´infertilité nécessitant le recours au don de gamètes: pour ce qui est des pathologies nécessitant le recours au don de gamètes, la majorité des patients n´avaient pas pu citer les causes de l´infertilité nécessitant le recours au don de gamètes (82,6%, n=195).
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Le traitement de la varicocèle ou la réalisation d'une procréation médicalement assistée sont des options pour la prise en charge d'un couple ayant une infertilité masculine et dont l'homme est porteur d'une varicocèle. Le principal argument en faveur du traitement de la varicocèle réside dans le fait de traiter une condition pathologique, susceptible de réaliser un traitement définitif de l'infertilité, à l'opposé des techniques de reproduction médicalement assistée qui doivent être répétées à chaque désir de grossesse. Les autres arguments sont: les inconnues concernant les effets à long terme de la FIV et de l'ICSI sur la descendance (effets résultants de ces techniques) et la possibilité d'un meilleur rapport coût/efficacité du traitement de la varicocèle par rapport aux techniques de PMA [23, 24]. Enfin, ne pas traiter une varicocèle peut entraîner un déclin rapide et progressif de la spermatogenèse et donc des paramètres du spermogramme risquant de compromettre la fertilité masculine ultérieure [25–27]. Le traitement de la varicocèle peut être considéré comme le traitement de première intention chez un patient ayant une oligo-asthéno-tératospermie modérée sans facteur d'infertilité féminine associé. Une FIV, avec ou sans ICSI, peut être considérée comme le traitement de première intention quand il existe un facteur d'infertilité féminine indépendant, nécessitant le recours à ces techniques. Le traitement de la varicocèle pourra être envisagé de façon concomitante pour améliorer la fécondance du sperme .
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A cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire to collect information about experiences of violence and mental health among gender-diverse individuals in Bangalore, Karnataka. Any individual who was 18 years of age and older and who was enrolled and active in the HIV prevention program implemented for gender-diverse individuals by the Karnataka Health Promotion Trust at the time of the study (2012) was eligible to participate in the study. Stratified simple random sampling was used to select prospective participants after stratifying them by gender subtype (nirvan hijra, akwa hijra, kothi, and “other,” which included individuals who were enrolled in the program, in the same networks as the hijra and kothi participants, and who chose to self-identify as double decker or bisexual).
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The occurrence of relapse during APD treatment of schizophrenia is attributed to an excessive potentiation of dopaminergic neurotransmission (dopamine supersensitivity) [25–28]. We hypothesized that concerted changes in receptor density [25, 29–31] and/or sensitivity [27, 32] may reduce APD occupancy at D2 receptors to below the therapeutic threshold. We measured the in vivo availability of striatal D2 receptors using positron emission tomography (PET) with [18F]fallypride in rats undergoing 14 days HAL treatment, i.e., during the HAL loss of efficacy, to investigate this hypothesis. Animals were not challenged with AMPH or TP and the decreased efficacy of HAL in this group of animals was based on the results of the behavioral testing of independent subjects described above. We found that ~69% of striatal D2 receptors were occupied by HAL (Fig. 2a), which indicates that the loss of HAL efficacy observed in the behavioral tests might occur despite constant and significant D2 receptor occupancy by HAL.Fig. 2Dopamine D2 receptor binding and extracellular dopamine levels during antipsychotic treatment failure. a Mean parametric maps in the coronal, left sagittal, and horizontal planes of the binding potential (BPND) of the D2 receptor radioligand [18F]fallypride determined by PET imaging in animals treated with vehicle (upper row; veh) or with haloperidol (HAL) for 14 days (lower row, HAL 14d). The images represent the mean of four separate animals in each group. The mean D2/3 receptor occupancy under HAL treatment was 69 ± 15% (n = 4, P < 0.001, unpaired t-test Fig. 2a), as calculated relative to the mean BPND in four vehicle control animals (occupancy = [BP(veh)-BP(HAL 14d)]/BP(veh) × 100%). The parametric maps were spatially normalized to a standard histological atlas of rat brain. b–g Changes in extracellular dopamine in caudate-putamen (CPu), nucleus accumbens (NAcc), and pre-frontal cortex (PFC) after continuous treatment with olanzapine (OLA) or HAL. b OLA increased extracellular dopamine levels in the CPu after 2 days treatment compared to control (day 0) (P = 0.001) and to all other treatment periods (P < 0.001). c OLA increased extracellular dopamine levels in the NAcc after 2 days treatment compared to control (day 0) (P < 0.01). d In PFC, 2 days OLA treatment increased dopamine levels compared with groups treated for 6 and 21 days (P < 0.05), but not compared with control (day 0). N = 4–14/group. e HAL decreased dopamine levels in CPu after 6 days (P < 0.05) and after 14 days (P < 0.01) compared with control (day 0). N = 4–6/group. f HAL decreased dopamine levels in PFC after 6 days (P < 0.05) and after 14 days (P < 0.01) compared with control (day 0). N = 3–4/group. g HAL decreased dopamine levels in NAcc after 6 days (P < 0.01) as detected post doc using a t-test, but not after 14 days. N = 4–5/group. Data are means ± S.D. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Statistical significance represents post hoc comparison when not specified. h–i Relationship between extracellular dopamine levels at the baseline in the CPu (X-axis) and dopamine release in the CPu (Y-axis) in response to tail-pinch (TP), expressed in percentage change of the baseline. h The reduced dopamine levels provoked by 14 days HAL treatment correlated with the dopamine release stimulated by TP (pearson r = -0.5512, P < 0.05). N = 11/group. i The reduced dopamine levels driven by 21 days treatment with OLA correlated with the dopamine output stimulated by TP (pearson r = -0.9298, P < 0.05). N = 5/group
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Analyse des données: Des méthodes mixtes ont été utilisées pour analyser les données issues de la revue documentaire, de l'observation participante et des entrevues individuelles. Des données quantitatives ont été traitées à l'aide du logiciel EPI info 7.2.0.1 au travers des statistiques descriptives. Les informations qualitatives issues essentiellement des entrevues ont analysées par thème de manière à apporter des réponses aux questions spécifiques de l'étude. Le retour vers des informateurs clés a permis de confirmer ou d'infirmer les hypothèses générées lors de l'analyse des données. Les variables quantitatives analysées concernent essentiellement les caractéristiques des patients (notamment son âge), les caractéristiques des hôpitaux (dont le nombre du personnel) et les temps passés par le patient à différents étapes de son itinéraire au sein de l'hôpital. Les variables qualitatives analysées concernent également les caractéristiques du patient (dont le sexe, la profession, le niveau d'étude, etc), les caractéristiques des hôpitaux (dont le mode de paiement des soins, le motif de consultation.) et la perception des patients par rapport au temps d'attente prolongé (causes, conséquences, solutions).
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Children 7–12 years were asked if, because of coming to HT, they ate fruits and vegetables everyday, a few times a week, a few times a month, or not at all. Children 4–6 years were simply asked to list the types of fruits and vegetable they ate the day before.
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To combat the emergence of castrate resistance (and side effects) in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer, many physicians have adopted non-standard dosing schedules for their androgen ablation therapies. A recent study suggested that either using the patient's measured testosterone levels as a guide, or using an intermittent schedule as opposed to constant dosing (a calendar schedule) slowed the onset of castrate resistance (Blumberg et al, 2011). Although this study has shown that alternative schedules can provide benefit, there is, as of yet, no standard of care for this. To explore this question, simulations were run with differing times of initiation and duration of stromal-directed therapy. The results of the game given different durations of stromal-directed therapy show significant, fundamental differences in outcome with differing schedules. Initiation with short duration of treatment (Figure 6A) results in no appreciable change in the game. Initiation for long duration (Figure 6C), as expected, shows the evolution of castrate resistance and a phase transition to a new steady state dominated by I cells, which will then be insensitive to further manipulation with this therapy, requiring a strategy change. There is, however, an optimal duration (Figure 6B) where the D cells are reduced without an irreversible increase in the I cells. When the therapy is taken off, the levels begin to return to the original D-dominated steady state, a situation where ‘stromal-directed’ therapy will work again.
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We are aware that since introduction of a new HCV treatment, the INF-RBV treatment is not the standard of care anymore in the high income countries. Nevertheless the treatment is the most economic option in the low income countries. Additionally our work links phenomenon of microbial translocation with the HIV/HCV co-infection, elucidating the additional pathway for the therapeutic intervention.
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Zur Erfassung bestehender Strategien, Richtlinien und Empfehlungen wurde ein Scoping-Review aller in deutscher und englischer Sprache verfügbaren Publikationen aus dem Zeitraum 01.01.2020 bis 17.08.2021 in den Datenbanken PubMed, CINAHL, PsycInfo und Web of Science sowie den Internetsuchmaschinen Google Search und Google Scholar durchgeführt. Anders als bei einem systematischen Review liegt der Fokus dabei nicht darauf, die Wirksamkeit bestehender Maßnahmen zu beurteilen – da bisher in der Regel kaum analytische Studien zum Thema vorliegen, wäre dies kaum möglich – sondern darauf, zusammenfassend einen Überblick über einen neu entstandenen Forschungsbereich zu ermöglichen. Die Strukturierung erfolgte auf Basis eines fünfstufigen Vorgehens (Zusatzmaterial online) [5–7] und wird entlang der Empfehlungen der „Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses – Extension for Scoping Reviews“ (PRISMA-ScR) berichtet .
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Table 2 represents the overall item wise comparison of fact and myth between the Faculty; dental students and preparatory year students. All items in related to facts showed the significant proportional difference between the groups except items 10, 11, 12 and 15 showed the same level of knowledge between three groups (faculty, prep year and dental students). All three groups showed almost the same ability in recognizing the myth stating that ‘COVID-19 is old disease and effective vaccine of COVID in available.
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Los hallazgos de este estudio deben interpretarse y generalizarse con cautela. Primero, la naturaleza transversal del estudio no nos permite determinar la causalidad o la dirección del efecto en las relaciones observadas. La mala salud autoevaluada también puede conducir a una menor participación religiosa, ya que una mayor participación religiosa puede conducir a una mejor salud autoevaluada. En segundo lugar, nuestras medidas de religiosidad eran relativamente simples, es decir, indicadores subjetivos de importancia religiosa.
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Когда иммунные эффекты не ведут к повреждению собственных компонентов, они обычно рассматриваются как защитные адаптивные механизмы. В целом иммунные реакции можно рассматривать как гомеостатические, обеспечивающие поддержание постоянства молекулярных и клеточных компонентов организма, для обеспечения данного эффекта нужно добиться биологической стабильности посредством физиологических или поведенческих изменений. Однако данный процесс при длительном его поддержании имеет так называемую «функциональную стоимость», или аллостатическую нагрузку, и может способствовать проявлению хронических заболеваний .
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STRING数据库的结果（图 8，图中着色节点表示和OAT可能直接相关的分子，白色节点代表可能存在更深层次关系的分子，节点间连线以不同的颜色分别代表不同的依据来源，下方表中详细罗列了各着色节点的相关信息及综合评分）则进一步扩大了相互作用的预测范围，该数据库包含了直接（物理上）和间接（功能上）的各种相互作用关系，数据结果综合了基因背景、高通量实验、共表达和已知信息等，并对每一个相互作用关系进行评分，该数据库目前涵盖了来自1133个物种的5, 214, 234种蛋白质的相互作用信息。STRING数据库预测所得与OAT相互作用蛋白中评分最高的20种蛋白依次为：OTC、ARG1、ARG2、ALDH18A1、ODC1、ALDH4A1、ASS1、ASL、ACY1、TBC1D25、TNF、TLR4、SLC22A6、SLC22A8、IL2、SLC22A7、B3GAT1、GLUD2、GLUL、SCL22A20。
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Monocytes and macrophages might also act as HTLV-I reservoir in vivo. HTLV-I tax RNA expression has been confirmed in the RNA of monocytes, suggesting the virus has a broad host range in vivo.Monocyte lineage such as tissue macrophages might act as a virus reservoir in vivo (21). Infection of monocytes and monocyte-derived cells might have a role in the context of mother-to-child HTLV-I transmission. As far as macrophage constitute most of breast milk cells compared to T cells, prolonged breastfeeding could lead to viral transmission (29).
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The findings described herein show that (1) H89 completely blocked oscillation amplitude and ICa in N only cells, suggesting that the cAMP/PKA pathway modulates N‐type channels, (2) KN‐93 completely blocked oscillation amplitude and ICa in P/Q only cells, suggesting that the CaMKII pathway modulates P/Q‐type channels, and (3) in cells with both channels, that is N+P/Q cells, each pathway blocker had partial effects that were completely blocked by the corresponding channel blocker.
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This study is performed as part of the EFFECTOR-study (17). The EFFECTOR-study was designed as a cross-sectional cohort/assistant study, investigating the long-term vascular and metabolic outcome of the offspring of different maternal cohort studies, comprising a total of 143 children.
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Before any pilot testing on these 4 participants, 2 other participants were enrolled to conduct feasibility testing. Feasibility testing was conducted to ensure that individuals with moderate and very limited upper mobility would be able to set up and carry out the exergames on their own. These participants helped provide feedback on the app, and several features were modified and some functionality was corrected as a result of their input. Examples include changing the background in the racing game, making threshold adjustments more user-friendly with the calibration feature and saving the user’s default thresholds, and enlarging the control buttons on the screen to make navigating the app more user-friendly.
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Okresowo powtarzane analizy umieralności dzieci i młodzieży [8, 9], jak również opracowania na temat metodologii tego typu badań , są ważnym uzupełnieniem opracowań dotyczących zgonów okołoporodowych i w pierwszym roku życia [11, 12] oraz raportów na temat sytuacji zdrowotnej całej ludności Polski . Inicjatywy okresowych analiz umieralności dzieci i młodzieży podejmują czasopisma pediatryczne i z obszaru zdrowia publicznego . W statystykach globalnych większy nacisk kładzie się na kraje gorzej rozwinięte, co odwraca uwagę od problemów zdrowotnych starszych dzieci i młodzieży we względnie bogatszych krajach . W 2014 roku czasopismo Lancet opublikowało serię artykułów [15, 16, 17] na temat przyczyn umieralności dzieci i młodzieży w krajach wysokorozwiniętych, wskazując na jej złożone uwarunkowania, w tym na współwystępowanie czynników biologicznych i psychologicznych wraz z wpływem środowiska fizycznego i społecznego, a także na rolę dostępności i jakości podstawowej i specjalistycznej opieki medycznej .
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Paw edema was induced by a subplantar injection of CAR (100 μl of a 1% suspension in 0.85% saline for rats and 50 μl for mice). Changes in paw volume were measured as previously described in rats and mice (D’Agostino et al., 2007; Impellizzeri et al., 2016b) using a plethysmometer (Ugo Basile, Varese, Italy) immediately prior to CAR injection, and, thereafter, at hourly intervals for 6 h. Edema was expressed as increase in paw volume (ml) after CAR injection relative to pre-injection value for each rat. Results are reported as paw-volume change (ml).
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To investigate the immune regulatory function of bmMSC-derived exosomes, we examined the effect of these exosomes on the proliferation of activated PBMCs and various lymphocyte subsets. First, the proliferation of PHA stimulated human PBMCs in the presence of bmMSC-derived exosomes at different concentrations (exosomes isolated from 1 × 104 MSC cells, 1 × 105 cells, 1 × 106 cells) was analyzed by the thymidine incorporation assay. We found significant inhibition of proliferation in the presence of MSC-derived exosomes isolated from 1 × 105 and 1 × 106 MSC. The proliferation of PHA–stimulated PBMCs co-cultured with MSC-derived exosomes isolated from 1 × 106 MSC was reduced by 36.72% (Figure 3A1). For further experiments, we used MSC-derived exosomes isolated from 1 × 106 MSC.
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Man kann das Argument wie folgt rekonstruieren:1. Prämisse: Wenn eine Autorität (z. B. ein Experte oder Zeuge) der Ansicht ist, dass etwas für einen Gegenstand ihres Kompetenzbereichs gilt, gilt es auch für den Gegenstand ihres Kompetenzbereichs.2. Prämisse: Ich bin die Autorität, unternehmerische Selbstständigkeit ist der Gegenstand meines Kompetenzbereichs.3. Prämisse: Ich bin der Ansicht, dass bei unternehmerischer Selbstständigkeit nicht zwingend finanzielle Rücklagen für die COVID-19-Krise gebildet werden konnten.----------Konklusion: Bei unternehmerischer Selbstständigkeit konnten nicht zwingend finanzielle Rücklagen für die COVID-19-Krise gebildet werden.
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Participants evaluated each stimulus used in the emotion–detection task in terms of valence and arousal (i.e. the nature and intensity of emotion, respectively, that the participant felt when perceiving the stimulus) using a nine-point scale (1 [negative and low arousal, respectively] to 9 [positive and high arousal, respectively]). The participants also rated the familiarity and naturalness of each stimulus. To illustrate that the anti-expressions were rated as less emotional than the normal expressions, only the results of the valence and arousal ratings are reported in the main text (see electronic supplementary material file for other ratings). The order of stimuli and rating contents were randomized and balanced across participants.
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Putting all together, we see that when the measurement performed at t = 2NT found the spin in the left side of the box, (which happens with probability close to 1) and σx = +1, the pointer q of the measuring device used to measure the σx at t = 0 shifted to the value −λ. Of course, with λ small, the shift in the position of the pointer q is smaller than its uncertainty, but repeating the experiment many times we are able to determine the shift with as much precision as desired.
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The water–unsuppressed data were processed by using MRUI with the routine procedure. The SNR of water signal was estimated by dividing the peak amplitude by the standard deviation of noise measured in the 8–10 ppm range. The linewidth of water signal was estimated from the full–width–at–half–maximum.
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所有LM组、NMNDs组患者均经过腰椎穿刺取得CSF，行CSF常规、生化及细胞学检测。记录CSF白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数、红细胞计数、葡萄糖、氯化物以及CSF总蛋白。腰椎穿刺和经Ommaya囊引流CSF是LM患者诊断和治疗中的一部分，其中植入Ommaya囊患者共11例，在接受鞘内化疗患者每次治疗前留取经Ommaya囊引流的CSF，即脑室内CSF，完善相关指标检测，诊断和评估治疗疗效。经Ommaya囊取CSF时，常规消毒后用头皮针插入Ommaya囊内，抽出并丢弃囊和管内3 mL左右CSF，然后再留取7 mL左右CSF行检查评估。
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For further identify the function of AutA and AutR, RT-PCR was performed on the genes encoding K1 capsule and acid resistance systems was conducted among mutant/complemented strains and DE205B cultured in LB (pH 7.4). Heat maps indicated the transcription changes of acid resistance systems and K1 capsule determinant among mutants compared to that of DE205B (Fig. 4B). Moreover, the transcriptional level of acid resistance systems and K1 capsule determinant in complemented DE205BΔautA-CautA and DE205BΔautR-CautR was restored to the similar level of DE205B. The transcription changes of acid resistance systems and K1 capsule determinant in DE205BΔautA/autR was close to the level of these genes in DE205BΔautA and DE205BΔautR. However, transcriptional level of these genes in single complemented DE205BΔautA/autR-CautA and DE205BΔautA/autR-CautR were still maintained at the original level of DE205BΔautA/autR. Furthermore, the transcriptional level of acid resistance systems among mutant/complemented strains and DE205B was determined in the pH 5.5. The transcription changes of acid resistance systems and K1 capsule determinant among mutant/complemented strains (cultured in pH 5.5) was similar to that in pH 7.4 (Fig. 4B). These results suggested that AutA and AutR coherently activated the transcription of Gad acid resistance system and repressed the transcription of K1 capsule determinant, and any deletion could cause the loss of the co-control and regulatory pathways.
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We classified each paper in our dataset based on this MMCA data-construct framework. Specifically, for each paper, we identified the data, metrics, outcomes, and constructs from the raw text, then classified these into larger categories. When recording the raw data, researchers directly copied the language used by authors whenever available. A classification scheme was generated to classify the raw data into larger categories, and involved iterative cycles of discussion and paper coding involving all researchers. We sought internal consistency by repeatedly drawing on bottom-up categories for data and outcomes, classifying a significant (35%) proportion of papers and discussing discrepancies as a group. This process took place over a total of 20 iterations and yielded if-then rules for classification, as well as a look-up table consisting of the raw metrics or raw outcomes found in the papers (such as speech time or stress) and the respective larger category code (such as speech participation and affective state). To achieve the reliability and consistency of the synthesis process recommended by PRISMA, the four authors participated in parallel and active communication during this phase.
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Asimismo, se ha evidenciado la necesidad del control de calidad de la imagen mamográfica y su interpretación en los centros de imágenes diagnósticas. Según Cataliotti, et al. (14), uno de los criterios para la evaluación de los programas de tamización son las condiciones de trabajo de los radiólogos, en especial, el número de profesionales por centro, las mamografías que deben realizar por año, el tiempo de dedicación y la capacitación en esquemas de control de la calidad radiológica. Por su parte, Koch, et al. (15), demostraron en su estudio que el personal de salud encargado de la lectura de las mamografías en el servicio público de salud en Río de Janeiro no tenían el conocimiento suficiente para brindar un servicio de calidad, lo que limitaba un diagnóstico oportuno y confiable. En otros estudio, se evaluaron la imagen mamográfica y la calidad del reporte en 165 unidades de servicio de salud de Turquía, y se evidenciaron deficiencias significativas en términos de calidad, por lo que se sugirió invertir más tiempo y esfuerzo en capacitar a los radiólogos y técnicos en radiología, con el fin de garantizar imágenes e interpretaciones acordes con los estándares y criterios de calidad establecidos internacionalmente (16).
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All reactions requiring anhydrous conditions were conducted in flame-dried glass apparatus under an atmosphere of inert gas. All chemicals and anhydrous solvents were purchased from Aldrich (St. Gallen, Switzerland) or ABCR (Karlsruhe, Germany) and used as received, unless otherwise noted. Reported density values are for ambient temperature. Preparative chromatographic separations were performed on Aldrich Science silica gel 60 (35–75 μm) and reactions followed by TLC analysis using Sigma-Aldrich (St. Gallen, Switzerland) silica gel 60 plates (2–25 μm) with fluorescent indicator (254 nm) and visualized with UV or potassium permanganate. 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra were recorded in Fourier transform mode at the field strength specified on Avance FT-NMR spectrometers (Bruker, Faellanden, Switzerland). Spectra were obtained from the specified deuterated solvents in 5 mm diameter tubes. Chemical shift in ppm is quoted relative to residual solvent signals calibrated as follows: CDCl3 δH (CHCl3) = 7.26 ppm, δC = 77.2 ppm. Multiplicities in the 1H-NMR spectra are described as: s = singlet, d = doublet, t = triplet, q = quartet, quint. = quintet, m = multiplet, b = broad; coupling constants are reported in Hz.
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A continuous reactor was set up to test the Pentocrobe 411 limits to ethanol concentrations and productivity on pretreated and enzymatically hydrolyzed wheat straw (Fig 1 and Table 2, WS97-N2). The reactor startup was performed in batch. After 15 hours of batch fermentation, the first influents were started at a flow rate of 333 mL/day. Nitrogen gas stripping was started at a flow rate of 0.2 L/min 24 hours after initiation of the influent. The first fermentation influent contained 62 g/L total sugar, comprising 33 g/L glucose, 26 g/L xylose and 3 g/L arabinose, corresponding to 10% (w/w) wheat straw dry matter after pretreatment.
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Tumours were homogenised using a TissueLyser II (Qiagen, Germany) and 5 mm diameter stainless steel beads. To avoid RNA degradation, RNA Lysis buffer from the ISOLATE II RNA Mini Kit was added to the tumour pieces prior to homogenisation. RNA was extracted using the same kit, following the manufacturer’s protocol.
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Now that anti-apoptotic genes XIAP and MDM2 were up-regulated during the recovery phase and genistein suppressed their up-regulation (Figure 3c), and XIAP or MDM2 inhibitor caused persistent caspase activity in the recovering cells (Figure 4d, e), the death-enhancing effects of genistein may result from the hindrance to the termination of apoptotic effectors. However, the addition of caspase inhibitor did not rescue the cells from genistein’s inhibitory effects (Figure 5). Genistein together with caspase inhibitor increased the percentage of necrotic events in the cells recovering from apoptosis (Figure 6). Previous studies have demonstrated that genistein could suppress the AKT and NF-κB pro-survivor signaling pathway in various type of cancer cells . AKT- NF-κB pro-survivor signaling pathway was reported to up-regulate anti-apoptotic genes like XIAP. AKT also functioned to activate and enhance MDM2 activity . Indeed, previous researchers have showed that genistein down-regulated MDM2 at transcriptional and post-translational level and reduced XIAP protein was detected following genistein treatment . In this view genistein’s death-promoting action on the cellular recovery may result from both the persistent pro-apoptotic signal and the impaired recovering processes due to the impairment of pro-survival pathway in HeLa cell. However, it remains to be clarified how the recovering cells diverted the effect of genistein to necrotic death in the presence of caspase inhibitor.
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As more primary care practices adopt a structured approach for frailty assessment and management, such as the SCH model, more robust data can be consistently collected from which larger scale studies designed to demonstrate the impact of integrated models. In addition, with an emphasis on upstream interventions in earlier stages of frailty, further investigations of patient-oriented outcomes, impacts on quality of life measures, and cost-effectiveness, should be the focus, rather than traditional outcomes of institutionalization and mortality associated with late stages of frailty. Further, in the setting of a primary care integrated model for complex community-dwelling older adults, where team members are not co-located, an opportunity exists to study the development and impact of interprofessional competencies and shared mental modeling.
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Given the effects of normoxic and hypoxically derived U-87CM on ΔΨm, the current study investigated how ATP levels in the bEnd.3 BECs would be affected. Therefore, cellular ATP levels in bEnd.3 cells exposed to glioblastoma U-87 cells (coculture) or their conditioned media (U-87CM) were measured as a further evaluation for mitochondrial function. Data derived from the current study showed a marked reduction of ATP levels in bEnd.3 cells after a daily coculture with glioblastoma U-87 cells (Figure 4A). Similar results were observed after long-term exposure to normoxic and hypoxic U-87CM (Figure 4B,C, respectively), where suppression of ATP levels was nonstatistical at 48 h, but at 72 and 96 h, a clear dose-related suppression of ATP concentration in the BECs was observed. This was in alignment with the decrease in bEnd.3 cell-viability observations (Figure 2), and the elevated ΔΨm by hypoxically derived U-87CM seen at 96 h (Figure 3B). Given that the main function of mitochondria is ATP synthesis, and that most physiological activities of the cell are dependent on the availability of ATP, it is an accurate indicator of mitochondrial activity and cell viability . In the current study, the depletion in ATP levels under hypoxic conditions may be associated with a GBM-induced increase in ΔΨm in BECs, uncoupling the process whereby the H+ concentration in the inter-mitochondrial space drives the production of ATP via ATP-synthase . In contrast, the normoxically induced reduction in ATP levels was not related to hyperpolarisation of ΔΨm, which suggests that under normoxia, GBM induces decreased ATP levels via another mechanism. Given that ATP levels in the cell are related to the reversible reactions of ATP synthesis and hydrolysis, ATP + H2O <=> ADP + (Pi), we postulate that, in view of the fact that no hyperpolarization/depolarization of the outer-mitochondrial space (ΔΨm) was observed during normoxic conditions (Figure 3A), the hypothetical proton-driven suppression of ATP concentrations at 72 h and 96 h is not valid. It is, therefore, indeed plausible that the mechanism of ATP depletion involved increased hydrolysis of ATP, rather than suppressed proton-driven ATP synthesis. Given the limitations of this study, it is recommended that further study be carried out to elucidate the effect of cancer paracrine factors under normoxic and hypoxic conditions on ATP synthesis and hydrolysis in conjunction with O2 consumption.
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In Arabidopsis, FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), a MADS-box gene encoding a potent repressor of flowering, is active in meristems in autumn. Flowering repression by FLC is mediated by its binding to major genes that promote flowering, such as FLOWERING LOCUS T and D (FT and FD, respectively) and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (SOC1) [18, 19]. While FLC represses genes that induce meristems to form flowers, it relies on FRIGIDA (FRI) to elevate its autumnal expression to a level that prevents flowering [19, 20]. During winter, vernalization causes the acquisition of meristem competence to flower by repressing FLC expression. Once it has been repressed by vernalization, FLC remains off for the rest of the plant’s life cycle after the return of warm conditions, i.e. the repression is epigenetic in the sense that it is mitotically stable in the absence of the inducing signal (cold exposure). The mechanism of epigenetic repression of FLC involves histone modifications that convert FLC into a heterochromatin-like state. A key player in the vernalization-mediated silencing of FLC is VERNALIZATION INSENSITIVE 3 (VIN3), which is required for all FLC chromatin modifications associated with vernalization-mediated silencing and as a measure of the cold period . Recently, it was shown that all members of the VIN3 family act together to repress FLC family members during vernalization . In addition, the non-coding (nc) antisense transcript COOLAIR and the intronic long ncRNA COLDAIR are upregulated at different points during cold exposure and are apparently playing a role in the epigenetic regulation of FLC [23–25]. Altogether, this measure of gradual cold acquisition ensures that only a prolonged cold exposure (the winter season) will lead to activation of the vernalization process.
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From randomly selected 6 subjects, HSP72 expression after the treatment was increased approximately 1.5 times in isolated monocytes compared to before the treatment (Fig. 1. lower right panels) Table 2. This indicates that the activation of HSR was similar levels in our previous study6.
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La información sobre lo que el centro de salud puede ofrecer a los adolescentes resulta relevante en la fase previa a la llegada, las acciones de difusión en la comunidad podrían contribuir a hacer el centro menos distante, así como el establecimiento de lugares de atención en otro tipo de espacios. Parra y Domínguez (31) enfatizan la intensificación de actividades de difusión de información sobre salud sexual y reproductiva, y recomiendan que las actividades se realicen en el entorno cercano, en centros educativos y en centros comunitarios.
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Ocho meses después se realizó una ecocardiografía transesofágica (ETE) (Figura 2) donde se evidenció el CTS restrictivo con un gradiente máximo de 5 mmHg, y cuya membrana dejaba un área efectiva de 0.75cm2 cercano al septum atrial. La orejuela tenía morfología chicken wing y velocidad de vaciado 36 cm/s. Se evidenció insuficiencia mitral moderada (2 jets) tipo mixto (degenerativo leve y funcional predominante) con anillo de 36 x 44 mm y patrón de llenado monofásico. También se observó insuficiencia tricúspidea severa funcional con vena contracta de 8 mm y su anillo de 48 mm; fracción de eyección de ventrículo izquierdo 57%; ventrículo derecho dilatado con 61 x 66 x 84mm de diámetros basal, medio y longitudinal, respectivamente y su fracción de acortamiento en 38%. Se evidenció alta probabilidad de hipertensión pulmonar por lo que se realizó cateterismo cardiaco derecho en el cual se evidencia hipertensión pulmonar postcapilar aislada (PAPm 38 mmHg ,CAP 25 mmHg, RVP 1.5 U Wood) en el cateterismo izquierdo las arterias coronarias sin lesiones significativas.
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Our hypothesis that HOCl could be responsible for the unspecific roGFP2 probe oxidation in phagocytized E. coli was further substantiated using the myeloperoxidase inhibitor ABAH. Pre-treatment of neutrophil-like cells with ABAH resulted in a significant decrease of the probes’ oxidation and release of reactive species as measured with a DCF assay. Taken together, these results suggest HOCl is most likely the major reactive species responsible for roGFP2 oxidation in E. coli ingested by PLB-985 cells.
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Likely, both formins Bnr1 and Bni1 can promote the assembly of the actin ring at the budding yeast bud neck since both form actin cables and localize at the bud neck, albeit in a mutually exclusive manner, during CAR assembly. Consistently, lack of either formin does not affect CAR formation, whereas inactivation of both, as well as inactivation of tropomyosins and profilin, disrupts actin recruitment to the CAR [112, 124].
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The effect of metal ions including K+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Fe3+, and Al3+ and inhibitors including phenylmethyl-sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), dithiothreitol (DTT), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was measured at concentrations of 1 and 10 mM. In addition, the impact of detergents such as Triton X-100, Tween 20, Tween 80, and SDS at concentrations of 0.1%, 1% and 5% (v/v) on enzyme activity was investigated. The catalytic activity of Est56 was measured under standard reaction conditions by directly adding each additive to the standard assay mixture. Activity measured in additive-free assay buffer was regarded as 100% activity, while reactions that included corresponding additive but no enzyme were used as blanks.
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The primers targeting the DNA-directed RNA polymerase rpoB were used for C. jejuni detection as previously described (Silvestri et al., 2017). The sequences of the primers were rpoB 1 (5′-GAGTAAGCTTGCTAAGATTAAAG-3′) and rpoB 2 (5′-AAGAAGTTTTAGAGTTTCTCC-3′), and the amplicon length was 121 bp. Each qPCR reaction (total 20 μl) contained 1 × SensiFAST SYBR Mix (Bioline, Taunton, United States), 2 μl of DNA temple, 100 nM of each primer, and sterile ddH2O. The qPCRs were performed in an Applied Biosystems 7500 Real Time PCR system (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, United States) with an initial denaturation at 50°C for 2 min and 95°C for 10 min, followed by 40 cycles of 95°C for 15 s and 60°C for 1 min. A negative control (ddH2O) was included in each qPCR run, and each sample was tested in triplicate. The specificity of the rpoB primer set was evaluated using 15 different bacterial strains as listed in Table 1 in the optimized PMA-qPCR assay. The sensitivity of the PMA-qPCR assay was determined with 10-fold serial dilutions of viable C. jejuni F38011 cells ranging from 1 to 8 log CFU/ml in a background of 6 log CFU/ml dead cells (inactivated at 90°C). The lowest CFU/ml of C. jejuni that generated Ct values < 35 was considered as the limit of detection (LOD) of this assay. A standard curve correlating Ct value and known concentration of C. jejuni cells was established and used to estimate the amplification efficiency and quantification capability. The amplification efficiency (E) was calculated using the slope of the standard curve E = [10(–1/slope) − 1] ∗ 100%.
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