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The bacterial mutagenicity of two forms of polydextrose (reported as type A and type N) was tested in a spot test and a plate incorporation assay with Salmonella Typhimurium strains. The spot test was performed with strains C207, C340, C3076, D3052, G46, TA1535, TA1536, TA1537, TA1538 and TA1978. No mutagenic activity was observed with any of the strains. The plate incorporation assay was performed at a single concentration of 10 mg/plate without metabolic activation with strains TA1536, TA1537, TA1538 and CA340. Polydextrose (type N) was in strain TA1536 tested at a single concentration of 20 mg/plate. Neither of the two forms of polydextrose was positive. Both forms of polydextrose were tested in the mouse host‐mediated assay with S. Typhimurium strains G46, C207, C3076, C340 and TA1534. Neither of the two forms of polydextrose was mutagenic.
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Wissenschaftskommunikation trägt dazu bei, wissenschaftliches Wissen für die breite Öffentlichkeit zugänglich zu machen. Die Kommunikation über Wissenschaft erfolgt auf vielfältige Art und Weise: von klassischen Angeboten wie Diskussionsveranstaltungen und Fernsehdokumentationen über digitale Kommunikationsformen wie Online-Blogs bis hin zu Citizen-Science-Projekten (vgl. Bonfadelli et al. 2017b). Diese Ausdifferenzierung erfordert eine „weite Definition des Gegenstandsbereiches“ (Bonfadelli et al. 2017a, S. 5), sodass unter Wissenschaftskommunikation „alle Formen von auf wissenschaftliches Wissen oder wissenschaftliche Arbeit fokussierter Kommunikation, sowohl innerhalb als auch außerhalb der institutionalisierten Wissenschaft, inklusive ihrer Produktion, Inhalte, Nutzung und Wirkungen“ (Schäfer et al. 2015, S. 13) zu verstehen sind. Dazu zählen „externe und interne Wissenschaftskommunikation, darunter Wissenschaftsjournalismus, Formen der strategischen Wissenschaftskommunikation wie Wissenschafts-PR und Wissenschaftsmarketing sowie Wissenstransfer und Wissenskommunikation“ (vgl. DGPuK FG Wissenschaftskommunikation 2017), die in der Praxis teilweise miteinander verschmelzen (vgl. Schäfer 2017). Wissenschaftskommunikation nimmt eine Vermittlerfunktion zwischen Wissenschaft und Öffentlichkeit ein. Sie kann Bürger*innen Teilhabe und einen Zugang zu Themen und ein Wissen ermöglichen, das die Grundlage für individuelle wie auch politische Entscheidungen bildet, und sie zur Meinungsbildung befähigen (vgl. Schäfer et al. 2015, S. 11). Auch die gegenwärtige Covid-19-Pandemie macht vielfach die Relevanz von Wissenschaftskommunikation deutlich. Das hohe Informationsbedürfnis der Bevölkerung, aber auch Beispiele verfehlter Wissenschaftskommunikation wie der prominente Fall der Kommunikation über die von Prof. Dr. Hendrik Streeck geleitete Heinsberg-Studie (vgl. Weißkopf 2020) sowie die Veröffentlichung einer Pressemitteilung der Universität Hamburg zu einem auf ResearchGate veröffentlichten Preprint zum vermeintlichen Ursprung des Coronavirus (vgl. Weißschädel 2021) veranschaulichen eindrücklich, wie wichtig es ist, sachlich korrekte, vertrauenswürdige Inhalte zu vermitteln. Zugleich werfen sie die Frage auf, was „gute Wissenschaftskommunikation“ letztlich charakterisiert. Nicht nur die wissenschaftliche Forschung muss Qualitätsansprüchen genügen, sondern auch die Kommunikation darüber.
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For the most frequently observed hotspot, hotspot 1, 71 genes were in the core and included genes encoding the flagella machinery (flg and fli operons in addition to flaG). This hotspot also contained genes predicted to encode an ABC-type amino acid transporter (B1917_RS12575, B1917_RS12580 and B1917_RS12585), the periplasmic substrate binding domain of which is homologous to annotated transporters of cystine in the Conserved Domain Database. Amplification at hotspot 2 was observed in 57 isolates, with 31 core genes included in at least 90 % of the amplifications at this region. These included the nuo operon, which encodes components of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase , the first large complex of the electron transport chain, amplification of which perhaps enhanced metabolism.
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PTTT were evaluated for their ability to predict a wide range of clinical outcomes. Composite measures were used in 8 studies,14 23 29 32 33 37 45 46 cardiac/respiratory arrest or a ‘code call’ was used (singularly or part of a composite outcome) in 6 studies,23 28 29 37 45 47 while 22 studies used transfer to a to PICU or paediatric high-dependency unit as the main outcome.3 11 19 23 28–34 36 37 39 41–44 46 48 49
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Le projet Accroître l’incidence et étendre la portée du modèle des centres d’alimentation communautaires dirigé par les Centres communautaires d’alimentation du Canada a fourni un accès à des connaissances, à de la formation et à des ressources à des organisations communautaires de sécurité alimentaire partout au pays grâce à son programme Good Food Organizations (La bonne nourriture n’est qu’un début). Ce programme aide les organisations communautaires de sécurité alimentaire à modifier leurs politiques en matière de programme ou d’organisation. Une évaluation annuelle du programme a permis de relever les exemples suivants de changement de politiques internes dans les organisations membres :
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There are differences in prevalence reports for IVDD between the six Dachshund varieties registered in the UK. Indeed in a previous breed health survey of UK Dachshunds, the average IVDD prevalence was 6.8 % across all varieties; however, this prevalence was elevated in the Standard Smooth-Haired Dachshund at 15.3 % . When stratified by age, prevalence was higher in the older age groups, with 25.5 % of Standard Smooth-Haired Dachshunds affected in the 5–9 years group, and 35.3 % in the 10+ years group, compared to only 4.1 % in the 0–4 years group. It is possible that differences between breed varieties could be attributed to genetic differences, as in the UK each of the six varieties have distinct breeding populations, with potential variation in as yet unidentified IVDD-associated genes. Such variation is also likely within each variety, with markedly higher incidences of IVDD seen in some lines, with an IVDD prevalence as high as 62 % in some Dachshund families .
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非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC）作为全球癌症相关死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤之一，其疗效预测指标和预后因子尚未明确。以各种肿瘤信号通路为靶点的靶向治疗在NSCLC的综合治疗中发挥了越来越重要的作用，其中抗肿瘤血管生成药物（贝伐珠单抗、血管内皮抑素）在临床应用中所展现出来的作用有目共睹。血小板源生长因子（platelet derived grow factor, PDGF）作为重要的促血管生成通路，其作用也越来越多地被人们了解。本文将对PDGF通路在NSCLC的诊断、治疗以及预后等方面的研究进展进行综述。
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This is a case of a 42-week-old gestational age baby boy, born via normal vaginal delivery to a 21-year-old healthy mother (G1P1A0) and a 25-year-old healthy father, with no history of consanguinity or a family history of vascular anomalies. Pregnancy was well followed with no complications, including no gestational diabetes or hypertension reported. TORCH screen results were negative in the first trimester and group B streptococcus (GBS) test was negative as well. There was no history of any drug intake during pregnancy except for folic acid and multivitamins.
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Considera-se que as capitais brasileiras podem assumir vantagens e desvantagens em relação aos municípios menos populosos e economicamente menos desenvolvidos que merecem ser melhor compreendidas. Além disso, a heterogeneidade das regiões e capitais brasileiras quanto aos indicadores sociodemográficos, níveis de desenvolvimento e o quantitativo de escolares atendidos pelo PNAE podem representar diferentes desafios e oportunidades para a compra de alimentos da AF ainda pouco explorados na literatura. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar como o perfil de compra de alimentos da AF se relaciona com indicadores socioeconômicos e demográficos nas capitais brasileiras.
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Limitations to the current study include single use of RT-CGMS, which might be the reason for non-improvement in glycemic control or pregnancy outcomes. However, our aim was to test the efficacy of a single application of RT-CGMS in GDM because it is more convenient and acceptable to the patients and less costly. Another limitation of our study is the relatively small sample size, which may have limited the power to detect differences in glycemic control or in pregnancy outcomes. A larger clinical trial with a selection of highly motivated patients is recommended to evaluate the effectiveness of RT-CGMS in pregnant women with GDM. In addition, cost effectiveness studies assessing the application of RT-CGMS in these women versus standard care is also needed.
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PM3 (parameterized model number 3) is a semi-empirical method for the quantum calculation of the molecular electronic structure in computational chemistry. It is based on the neglect of differential diatomic overlap integral approximation. The semi-empirical PM3 parameterization used in the MOPAC program is widely used to derive charges, dipole moments and bond lengths. The computed quantum chemical descriptors include bond lengths, bond angles, torsion angles, atom charges, HOMO and LUMO energy levels, dipole moment, polarizability, etc. In the present case, the geometry of the molecule of the title compound was calculated with a semi-empirical PM3 method (Stewart, 1985 ▸). A spatial view is included in the Supporting information.
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Le Tchad est le pays le moins bien inventorié. Deux arguments soutiennent cette conclusion: on estime à 16 le nombre d'espèces dont la présence y est ‘Probable' quoique non démontrée, ce nombre ne dépassant pas 5 pour chacun des sept autres pays (Tableau II); le Tchad et la Mauritanie sont les seuls pays de la zone d'étude où aucune espèce ou sous-espèce nouvelle pour la science n'a été décrite (Tableau III).
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At days 7, 14, 21 and 28 after the first bleomycin challenge, animals were anesthetized with isoflurane and sacrificed by bleeding from the abdominal aorta. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected by gently washing the lungs with 0.6 ml sterile solution [Hank’s balanced salt solution × 10; ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 100 mM; 4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-1-piperazineethansulphonic acid 1 mM; and distilled water] for three times in the bronchial tree and preserved for subsequent analysis (Stellari et al., 2015b). The cell pellet was resuspended in 0.2 ml of PBS. Cell number was counted with an automated cell counter (Dasit XT 1800J, Sysmex).
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Jede Kritik, so unsere Ausgangslage, beruht auf der Identifikation eines Problems bzw. auf der erfolgreichen Suggestion eines solchen. Probleme bestehen immer dann, wenn eine Sache nicht so ist, wie es sein sollte, wenn sie also einem bestimmten Anspruch nicht genügt. Die Maßnahmenkritik unterstellt, nicht das Virus sei das Problem, sondern die Maßnahmen dagegen. Die Konstruktion dieses Problem wird rhetorisch erreicht, indem die Maßstäbe der Bewertung so gewählt werden, dass die tatsächlichen Maßnahmen der Krisenbewältigung zwingend davon abweichen müssen. Diese Form der Kritik beruht auf der Vorstellung, Krisen ließen sich rational bewältigen. Die Ideale, an denen die Befragten eine Krisenlösung messen, sind logische Stringenz, Verhältnismäßigkeit im Sinne einer statistisch korrekten Kosten-Nutzen-Kalkulation sowie ein herrschaftsfreies Abwägen aller möglichen Standpunkte. Da Krisen als solche indessen dadurch definiert sind, dass unter einem Zeitdruck gehandelt werden muss, der Widerspruchsfreiheit, genaues Durchrechnen und müßiges Diskutieren verunmöglicht oder zumindest mehr oder weniger stark erschwert, müssen die Maßnahmen, gemessen an diesen rationalistischen Maßstäben, notwendigerweise als inferior erscheinen.
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A measure acting on pest introduction and/or pest spread and/or the magnitude of the biological impact of the pest should the pest be present. A risk mitigation measure may become a phytosanitary measure, action or procedure according to the decision of the risk manager
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For phylogeny inference, alignments, incorporating the outputs of pairwise, multiple, and structural aligners, were constructed using the Expresso algorithm of T-Coffee, ran in PDB mode55. The constructed alignment was edited using Unipro Ugene56. Model selection was executed by ProtTest v2.4, suggesting the LG + I + G + F substitution model based on both the Bayesian and Akaike information criteria57. Bayesian inference was executed by the BEAST v1.10.4 package, using a log-normal relaxed clock with a Yule speciation prior, throughout 50,000,000 generations58. Convergence diagnostics were carried out using Tracer v1.7.1 of the same package, which indicated the Markov-chain Monte Carlo runs to have converged. Phylograms were edited and displayed in the FigTree 1.4.1 program of the Beast package.
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The magnetic susceptibility data from Holowilena pass one of the most diagnostic tests for orbital forcing: eccentricity extracted from precession. Due to its effect on Earth’s equinoxes, eccentricity primarily affects insolation due to its amplitude modulation of precession1,26. Thus, in Phanerozoic cyclostratigraphy, the eccentricity signal is usually extracted from that of precession1. Using the Hilbert transform for the extraction (“Methods”), the envelope of the putative precession signal (~23 kyr) is systematically amplitude-modulated in bundles of ~5 cycles, consistent with precession modulated by eccentricity (Fig. 3b). Spectral analysis of the ~23 kyr Hilbert transform yields power in the short eccentricity band (Fig. 4), confirming that an eccentricity signal can be extracted from precession.Fig. 4Hilbert transform of putative precession signal in order to extract putative eccentricity signal.a Hilbert transform (red) extracted from precession bandpass filter (blue; Fig. 3b). b Fast-Fourier transform (FFT) of the Hilbert transform, indicating power in the eccentricity band (compare to Fig. 3a), as expected.
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Rezumat. In continuare prezentăm cazul unui pacient în vârstă de 87 ani fără antecedente personale patologice semnificative care se prezinta în clinică pentru deficit motor paraparetic și disfuncție severă de locomoție și autoîngrijire. Debutul afecțiunii are loc, cu o lună înainte de internare în clinică, brusc cu deficit motor paraparetic soldat cu cădere de la propriul nivel. Ulterior se pune diagnosticul de polineuropatie senzitiv-motorie axonal demielinizantă. Evoluția pe parcursul internării a fost favorabilă cu inițierea ortostatismului și a mersului cu ajutorul cadrului. Din punct de vedere al independenței funcționale pacientul se externează cu scor FIM 5 având nevoie de însoțitor permanent pentru supraveghere.
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** <0.001; MFQ-C = Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, child version (29 items); SMFQ-C = Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, child version (13 items); SDQ = Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; SCARED = Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional disorders.
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Il paziente ospedalizzato potrebbe essere gestito anche con un’associazione precostituita di insulina basale e agonista del recettore del GLP1 praticabile, tra l’altro, anche con un’unica mono-somministrazione giornaliera dei due farmaci con la possibilità di ottenere un buon controllo sia della glicemia a digiuno che di quella post-prandiale, minimizzando il rischio di ipoglicemia. Tra l’altro, gli analoghi del GLP1 potrebbero offrire un teorico vantaggio dato il loro effetto anti-infiammatorio [19–21], anche se non esistono evidenze dirette nello specifico. Inoltre, poiché è stato osservato che alcuni virus della famiglia Coronavirus potrebbero doversi legare al recettore DPP4 (espresso anche nel sistema respiratorio) per entrare nelle cellule polmonari, è stato recentemente suggerito, sulla scorta di dati pre-clinici, che gli inibitori della DPP4 (aloglitin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin) potrebbero svolgere un effetto protettivo nei confronto dell’aggressione cellulare da parte del coronavirus . Ovviamente, questa ipotesi rimane in attesa di verifica sul campo.
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既往研究显示auto-HSCT前获得CR是与疗效最为相关的因素，然而诱导化疗后获得CR提示患者对化疗的敏感性更高，同时有更大概率接受后续auto-HSCT巩固治疗，故该结论可能存在选择性偏倚。LYSA研究组回顾性分析了来自法国、比利时和葡萄牙的269例年龄≤65岁，诱导治疗后获得≥PR的患者，根据意向治疗，145例和135例患者分别接受了auto-HSCT巩固和单纯化疗，然而无论是Cox回归多因素分析还是倾向评分分析，均未显示诱导治疗获得≥PR的患者从序贯auto-HSCT治疗中获益。另一项美国多中心COMPLETE研究纳入了119例CR1期结性PTCL患者，其中36例接受了auto-HSCT巩固治疗。中位随访2.8年，auto-HSCT组和未移植组的OS时间分别为未达到和57.6个月（P＝0.06）。多因素分析显示，auto-HSCT是改善患者OS时间的独立影响因素，特别是AITL亚型、疾病晚期和IPI评分中高危及高危患者，接受auto-HSCT的患者较未接受auto-HSCT的患者具有更好的PFS和OS。本研究的结果也支持auto-HSCT巩固治疗能够改善CR1期患者的生存。
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Als Grundlage der Erstellung der allgemeinen Übersichtsarbeit wurde am 10.01.2021 eine Medline-Suche mithilfe der PubMed-Oberfläche durchgeführt. Alle aufgeführten wissenschaftlichen Artikel bis zum Jahre 2021 wurden berücksichtigt. Die Suchbegriffe „thymectomy“ [All Fields] AND „non-thymomatous myasthenia gravis“ [All Fields] OR „minimally invasive“ [All Fields] AND „thymectomy“ [All Fields] wurden verwendet, um eine umfassende Literaturrecherche zu präsentieren.
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The Japanese guidelines recommend that a metastasectomy be restricted to patients who can be expected to achieve complete tumor removal , and the role of palliative surgery in the context of symptomatic PM-RCC remains unclear . Palliative surgery might provide relief from the symptoms of bowel occlusion and enable resumption of oral food intake . The present patient had multiple, unresectable, distant metastases although the disease did not rapidly progress for many years despite the lack of systemic anticancer therapy. The patient was therefore expected to survive longer than 6 months, leading to the decision to perform palliative surgery. Since his operation, the patient has maintained adequate oral food intake for more than 6 months.
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A variety of techniques have been used to measure IF. Common morphometric techniques used for assessment of IF are based on trichrome or Sirius Red staining and immunohistochemistry for type III collagen as an index of tissue collagen content [3–10]. Sirius Red morphometry (SRM) with polarized light is widely used for quantitative analysis of fibrillar collagen types I and III.
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It is well established that the pKa and the type of acid (organic or solid —Lewis or Brønsted) are determining factors for efficient pyrrole and aldehyde condensation. Using acids as catalysts, the current methods for meso-aryl substituted porphyrin syntheses include the classical one-pot Adler-Longo and Gonsalves-Pereira strategies and the two-step Lindsey method , along with more recent microwave irradiation methodologies .
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The seeds were procured from the local market of Kanpur and authenticated at National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India. A voucher specimen of the same was submitted for future reference (NBRI/CIF/299/2012). Pantoprazole was procured from Alembic Chemical Pvt Ltd (India). ALA (18 : 3, n-3) (CAS-506-26-3) was procured from Sigma Aldrich, USA. All other chemicals were purchased from S.D. Fine Chemicals, Mumbai, India.
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While Standard WHO questions (26) on violence have been reliably used to measure violence in low and middle-income countries, no studies were identified that clearly documented procedures for screening out women experiencing severe violence whose risk may be increased by a couples-level violence prevention intervention. Following a risk averse model, the study team initially defined severe violence as the following types of violence occurring in the past two years: (a) being hit with a fist or something else that could hurt you on purpose, (b) being kicked, dragged, or beaten up on purpose, (c) being choked or burnt on purpose, and (d) being threatened or abused with a gun, knife, or other weapon. However, upon further discussion with stakeholders, our community-based partner, and pre-testing of the screening tool, we realized that these criteria would exclude most women experiencing violence and thus limit our ability to reach women in need of the intervention. As such, our screen-out criteria were adjusted to exclude women being kicked, dragged, or beaten up on purpose six or more times in the past 6 months, or those who were choked, burnt on purpose, threatened or abused with a gun, knife, or other weapon at any time in the past 6 months. Ever being hurt badly enough to require medical attention remained an exclusion criterion. All women who are screened out will receive access to referral resources for violence. In summary, the participant eligibility criteria include the following: (1) female partner between 18 and 40, (2) married, (3) speaks Kannada, (4) female partner reports male partner has a drinking problem, (5) female partner ever experienced psychological violence, and or physical, or sexual violence perpetrated by their male partner less than six times in the previous 6 months, and (6) both partners willing and able to enroll. Couples will be excluded if (1) the male partner is deemed to be severely alcohol dependent or at risk of severe alcohol withdrawal symptoms; (2) the female partner reported occurrences of severe physical or sexual violence characterized by attempting to choking or burning and threaten to use or actually used a knife or other sharp weapons against her or ever hurt badly enough that required medical attention; or (3) one or both members of the couple feared the counseling sessions may increase violence. Additional details regarding eligibility determination are described later.
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Distances to regional healthcare centers can often be great, especially in the most rural areas of Canada. A number of studies have measured the impact of distance on healthcare utilization and have reported findings similar to ours . Distance to regular care services was found to have a significant negative relationship with the number of regular care check-up visits in a study of rural North Carolina . Nemet and Bailey studied the association between distance and utilization of healthcare by a group of elderly residents in rural Vermont, confirming that increased distance from healthcare providers reduced utilization of healthcare. Winters et al. conducted a study on the self-management of chronic illness by women living in isolated, rural areas of five western U.S. states. Distance had a significant impact in that context, as well.
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In this study, it is aimed to develop a high-accuracy model to classify X-ray images normal or pes planus. For this purpose, the effectiveness of the pyramidal patch-based image division technique, which is commonly used in vision transformers and multilayer perceptron mixers (MLP-mixers) , was investigated. First, the original X-ray images were resized to 512 × 512. The resized images were then divided into 4 and 16 patches of 256 × 256 × 3 and 128 × 128 × 3 sizes, respectively, without overlapping. Thus, a total of 21 images were obtained for each image, including 20 patches and one original X-ray image. Then, the 21 images obtained for each image were fed to the best performing pre-trained MobileNetV2, and 21,000 features were extracted from the Logits layer. Thus, 1400 × 21,000 features were extracted for the entire dataset. Since the size of features extracted from MobileNetV2 is very large, feature selection was performed to reduce the computational load of the model to be developed and to increase the classification accuracy. For this purpose, the 1312 most important features were selected by running the proposed iterative ReliefF algorithm for 10 nearest neighbors. Figure 5a shows the weight of features that the original ReliefF algorithm has calculated for 21,000 features using 10 nearest neighbors. Figure 5b shows the weight of the most important 1312 features selected among 21,000 features by the proposed iterative ReliefF algorithm. As a result of the feature selection process, the size of the features has been reduced from 1400 × 21,000 to 1400 × 1312. Finally, the most important features selected are classified with cubic SVM. Accordingly, the pyramidal MobileNetV2-cubic SVM-based model achieved 95.14% accuracy using 10-fold cross-validation. The classification accuracy is calculated with Equation (3) over the confusion matrix shown in the Figure 6. In addition, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics is calculated to evaluate the proposed model using Equations (4)–(6), respectively. The proposed model yielded 96.86% recall, 93.65% precision, and 95.22% F1-score. (3)accuracy=TP+FPTP+TN+FP+FN (4)precision=TPTP+FP (5)recall=TPTP+FN (6)F1−score=2∗precision∗recallprecision+recall
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An oral survey was conducted in March 2014 using a questionnaire written in French and focusing on the use of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs), indoor residual sprays (IRS) and self-medication. Individuals were asked if they had a bed net, if they had used it the night before the interview, and if the net was treated with an insecticide. Similar questions on IRS and self-medication were posed. The parents or guardians answered for children younger than 16 years, during home by home visit. The answers to the questionnaire were stored in electronic form. Ten percent of oral responses of ITNs and IRS were checked.
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Definitionen und Handhabung der Neurorehabilitationsphasen (B bis F) nach der Bundesarbeitsgemeinschaft für Rehabilitation sind in Bundesländern variabel und zwischen Kostenträgern umstritten. In der hiesigen Beobachtungsstudie wurden so den Rehaphasen B bis D zugeordnete Patienten eingeschlossen. Im Weiteren benutzen wir den Begriff neurologische Anschlussrehabilitation, um die Rehabilitation im unmittelbaren Anschluss an die initiale und teilweise frührehabilitative Versorgung im Akutkrankenhaus zu beschreiben. Patienten werden jedoch vor allem nach dem Grad der Pflegeabhängigkeit charakterisiert, gemessen per Barthel-Index . Um die Gesamtmorbidität der Patienten zu charakterisieren, bestimmten wir zudem für jeden Patienten den Charlson-Komorbiditätsindex unter Verwendung der Gewichtung von Quan und Kollegen . Der Charlson-Komorbiditätsindex berücksichtigt Faktoren wie koronare Herzkrankheit, Herzinsuffizienz, Diabetes, Lebererkrankungen, Nierenerkrankungen, rheumatische Erkrankungen, HIV/AIDS, chronische Lungenerkrankung, Leukämie, maligner Tumor, Alkoholerkrankung und Demenz. Zudem schätzen wir das Ein-Jahres-Mortalitätsrisiko der Patienten anhand des gewichteten Charlson-Komorbiditätsindex, des Alters und der beobachteten Mortalitäten in einer großen dänischen Registerstudie .
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In the future research, we will investigate the impact of the accuracy of the CO2 sensors used on the HVAC system energy consumption. Another topic of interest to investigate is whether it is possible to reduce the costs while achieving the same CO2 measurement accuracy, using a larger number of cheaper sensors.
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Recently we identified a motif found in certain ftz reporter plasmids, which promotes nuclear retention (Lee et al. 2015). This element, which is identical to the consensus 5′ splice site (5′SS) motif, was present in the multi-cloning region of the plasmid, just downstream from the ftz gene and upstream of the 3′ cleavage site, and was thus incorporated into the 3′ UTR of the mature ftz mRNA. When this motif was eliminated, the resulting intronless ftz mRNA was efficiently exported. These observations indicated that either the ftz RNA has an additional nuclear export-promoting element, or that when nuclear retention elements are eliminated, all mRNAs become substrates for nuclear export. These two possibilities were supported by the finding that UAP56, a central component of the TREX complex, is efficiently loaded onto ftz without the requirement of splicing (Taniguchi and Ohno 2008; Akef et al. 2013; Lee et al. 2015).
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hPO and hPC-org cultures were expanded in order to inject 5 × 105-1 × 106 cells per mouse. Organoids were mechanically dissociated as described for normal passaging and resuspended in the appropriate injection medium as outlined in Additional file 4: Table S3. The cells were loaded into a 250 μL glass gastight syringe (Hamilton) with removable 26ga blunt needles (ESSLAB) for injection into the kidney capsule or custom made 26ga point needles, bevelled at a 60o angle (ESSLAB) for injection into the pancreas capsule. Mice were anesthetised using isoflurane gas and the left side of the abdomen or peritoneal abdomen was shaved and cleaned with disinfectant. During the procedure, the mice were kept under anaesthesia and were kept on heat pads at 37 °C. Injections were performed as described below into the kidney capsule or pancreas capsule. Following the xenograft procedure, all animals were kept alive for either 1 or 3 months after which they were humanely euthanised under terminal anaesthesia by inhalation of isoflurane. Tissue was then retrieved for further histological analysis.
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Wissenschaft und Weiterentwicklung (Strategie Nummer 3) des Faches ist ein weiteres zentrales Thema der neuen strategischen Ausrichtung. Es geht um die Förderung von Wissenschaft und Forschung und die Weiterentwicklung aller Themen das Sonderfach betreffend auf wissenschaftlicher Basis. Zentral – auch im Sinne der Akquise von neuen Assistenzärzt*innen – ist der Abgleich und Ausbau der universitären Lehre im Rahmen des Medizinstudiums.
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In the TGA, the significant positive determinants of lag time were fibrinogen, protein C, protein S, and, to a lesser extent, FV with both 1 and 5 pM TF. With both 1 and 5 pM TF, FIX and protein C were the strongest positive and negative determinants of peak thrombin, respectively. With 5 pM TF, ETP was positively determined by FII and negatively determined by antithrombin and protein C; meanwhile, with 1 pM TF, ETP was positively determined by FIX and negatively determined by protein C alone.
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En comparación con otros estudios, el presente es uno de los que más pacientes pediátricos ha evaluado 18. Por otra parte, en el estudio de Yepes, et al., se evaluó el efecto de la inmunoterapia con D. farinae y D. pteronyssinus sobre la calidad de vida de pacientes con rinitis y asma alérgica en una muestra colombiana mediante dos encuestas validadas. Al año de seguimiento, se observó que un porcentaje considerable presentaba cambios positivos en términos de calidad de vida, aunque no se evaluaron los cambios en los puntajes de resultados terapéuticos. Este estudio, sin embargo, tuvo la limitación de contar con una reducida muestra de pacientes 10.
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Bei der plasmazytoiden Variante kommt es häufig zu einem E‑Cadherin-Verlust, welcher meist durch Mutationen im CDH1-Gen bedingt ist und das diskohäsive Wachstum dieser aggressiven Variante erklärt . Eine E‑Cadherin-Immunhistochemie ist zur Diagnose nicht erforderlich, kann in Einzelfällen aber zur Unterscheidung von artifiziellem diskohäsivem Wachstum hilfreich sein.
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A search of the grey literature identified the official codes for kangaroo hunting, published and endorsed by the Natural Resource Management Ministerial Council. Two codes exist in Australia: The National Code of Practice for the Humane Shooting of Kangaroos and Wallabies for Commercial Purpose and the National Code of Practice for the Humane Shooting of Kangaroos and Wallabies for Non-Commercial Purpose. Hunting for the food market is defined in the commercial code, including the species intended for hunting. Five species are earmarked for the commercial hunt: Macropus giganteus, Macropus fuliginosus, Macropus rufus, Macropus rufogriseus and Thylogale billardierii. However, not all species are hunted in all states or territories. The code defines commercial purposes as “where the kangaroo or wallaby is shot to be used as a product (carcass or skin) to be sold within Australia or overseas”. In addition to these five species, two more species are earmarked for non-commercial hunting: Macropus agilis and Macropus parryi. Both codes are freely available online (Director of Wildlife Trade Assessments, 2008; AgriFutures Australia, 2020). Table 3 gives an overview of the hunted species and their recorded seroprevalence for T. gondii.Table 3Overview of all macropod species (kangaroos as well as wallabies), hunted for commercial and non-commercial purpose as well as their seroprevalence for T. gondii and locations.Table 3SpeciesHunted in State or TerritoryReported seroprevalencesOrigin of SampleYear of SamplingDetection MethodReferenceAccessMacropus giganteus (Eastern Grey Kangaroo)Hunted in NSW and QLD for commercial purpose0% (0/4)Roma, QueenslandNo specific timeMouse bioassay (suspension of host brain; injected SC; mouse brain emulsified and examined for T. gondii cysts)Smith and Munday, (1965)https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1965.tb06562.x0% (0/3)Blackall, QueenslandNo specific timeMouse bioassaySmith and Munday, (1965)https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1965.tb06562.x0% (0/112)Roma, Queensland2004ELISAHillman et al. (2016)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2015.12.002–20053.1% (2/65)Sydney, NSW2006ELISAHillman et al. (2016)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2015.12.002Macropus fuliginosus (Western Grey Kangaroo)Hunted in NSW, SA and WA for commercial purpose15.5% (33/219)Perth, Western AustraliaNo specified time; 18 month periodELISA;Parameswaran et al. (2009a)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2009.01.008Modified Agglutination Test;Polymerase Chain Reaction100% (5/5)Menzies, Western Australia2008Multi-locus PCR-DNA sequencing (tissue samples)Pan et al. (2012)https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.004514715% (7/47)Thompson Lake Nature Reserve, Perth, Western Australia05.2006Indirect fluorescence antibody test (blood samples)Mayberry et al. (2014)https://doi.org/10.7589/2013-03-064– 10.20088% (2/24)Harry Waring Marsupial Reserve, Perth,05.2006Indirect fluorescence antibody test (blood samples)Mayberry et al. (2014)https://doi.org/10.7589/2013-03-064–10.200813% (2/15)Melville Glades Golf Club, Perth, Western Australia05.2006Indirect fluorescence antibody test (blood samples)Mayberry et al. (2014)https://doi.org/10.7589/2013-03-064–10.200856% (9/56)Marangaroo Golf Course, Perth, Western Australia05.2006Indirect fluorescence antibody test (blood samples)Mayberry et al. (2014)https://doi.org/10.7589/2013-03-064–10.2008Macropus rufus (Red Kangaroo)Hunted in NSW, QLD and SA for commercial purpose0% (0/5)Blackall, QueenslandNo specified timeMouse bioassaySmith and Munday, (1965)https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1965.tb06562.x0% (0/6)Longreach, QueenslandNo specified timeMouse bioassaySmith and Munday, (1965)https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1965.tb06562.xMacropus rufogriseus (Bennett's Wallaby)Hunted in Tasmania for commercial purpose0% (0/1)TasmaniaNo specified timeSabine-Feldman dye testMunday, (1972)https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-8.2.1693.3% (5/151)TasmaniaNo specified timeELISAJohnson et al. (1988)https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1988.tb14456.x8% (2/25)TasmaniaNo specified timeModified agglutination test (not IGM)Hollings et al. (2013)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2013.02.002Thylogale billardierii (Pademelon)Hunted in Tasmania for commercial purpose42.9% (3/7)TasmaniaNo specified timeSabine-Feldman dye testMunday, (1972)https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-8.2.16917.7% (15/85)TasmaniaNo specified timeELISAJohnson et al. (1988)https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1988.tb14456.x12.3% (28/228)TasmaniaNo specified timeModified agglutination test (not IGM)Hollings et al. (2013)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2013.02.002Macropus agilis (Agile Wallaby)Hunted for non-commercial purpose – States not specified2% (1.26/63)Northern AustraliaNo specified timeAutopsy; histological examinations; microscopySpear et al. (1983)https://doi.org/10.1071/WR9830089Macropus parryi (Whiptail Wallaby)Hunted for non-commercial purpose – States not specifiedNo literature–––––Petrogale lateralis (Black Footed Rock Wallaby)Not hunted0% (0/26)South Western Australia1979Indirect haemagglutination inhibition testJakob-Hoff and Dunsmore, (1983)https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1983.tb09588.xSetonix brachyurus (Quokka)Not hunted4.3% (4/92)Rottnest Island, Western Australia11.1961Histopathology (left lateral femoral muscle biopsy)Gibb et al. (1966)https://doi.org/10.1038/ivb.1966.6370% (14/20)Rottnest Island, Western Australia11.1963Histopathology (left lateral femoral muscle biopsy)Gibb et al. (1966)https://doi.org/10.1038/icb.1966.637.1% (2/28)Rottnest Island, Western Australia11.1963Mouse bioassay (suspension of host skeletal muscle; injected IP; histopathological examination of mice)Gibb et al. (1966)https://doi.org/10.1038/icb.1966.63–02.1964
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Evaluiert wurde das Projekt anhand eines schriftlichen Fragebogens mit offenen und geschlossenen Items (zu Beginn und am Ende des Projekts). Zudem erfolgte ein direktes Nachfragen innerhalb der Workshops sowie bei den bilateralen Gesprächen. Hierbei wurden eine Meinungsabfrage und ein Stimmungsbild unter Zuhilfenahme der Reflexionsmethoden erhoben und im Anschluss inhaltsanalytisch zusammengefasst. Die Auswertung der Projektevaluation durch die Co-Forschenden zeigt eine positive Einschätzung, auch im Hinblick auf den Grad der Beteiligung. Auf die offene Frage, was sie aus dem Forschungsprojekt mitnehmen, schreiben sie u. a.:„Ich habe gemerkt, dass es nicht nur mir allein so geht […]. Daraus kann ich auch für mich Kraft schöpfen.“ – Magdalena„Am wichtigsten fand ich die Erfahrung, wie schwierig manche aus unserem Projekt die jetzige Situation erleben und sich nicht darüber beschweren.“ – Margit„Wenn ich mich an die Regeln halte, könnte man die Krise halbwegs gut überstehen.“ – Theo
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Impact of loss of on H2S generation in S. oneidensis. (A) ArcA and Fnr on H2S generation. H2S levels in cultures of indicated mutants grown aerobically or anaerobically with 10 mM SO2−3 or S2O2−3 as the sole EA were measured and normalized to values from the wild-type. Complementation of the ΔarcA mutant (ΔarcAC) was conducted with aerobic growth. (B) ArcA and Fnr on activities of indicated promoters. For each test gene, the promoter-lacZ construct was introduced into the chromosome of the Δcrp strain and the activities of the promoter as single copy were assessed by β-galactosidase assay. Data are presented as the mean ± SD from at least four independent experiments.
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Assessing the modular structure one level higher, where modules were treated as elements of a coarse-grained network , we compared the effective degree of modules of unstressed and heat shocked yeast cells (Figure 3B). The effective degree captures the total number of fractional weighted connections of a module to another (for details, see Materials and Methods). Upon heat shock interactome modules were connected to significantly smaller number of other modules (Mann-Whitney U test, p = 0.02299). Since a link between modules is related to the overlap between them (, for details see Materials and Methods), the decrease of inter-modular contacts upon heat shock reflects once again a smaller overlap between the interactome communities.
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Поскольку врачебное решение на основе наличия или отсутствия тех или иных SNP-маркеров в геноме пациента нацелено на его здоровье, продолжительность и качество жизни, то приемлемы только биомедицинские SNP-маркеры, клинически доказанные сравнением больных и условно доровых людей (Varzari et al., 2016). Учет необходимых затрат времени, ручного труда и финансов для каждого такого теста исключает возможность оценить на практике проявление каждого из 10 млрд SNP человека (Wu et al., 2016) в патогенезе каждой из 55 тыс. болезней человека, согласно Международной классификации бо- лезней и сопутствующих проблем со здоровьем людей, МКБ- 11 (Pocai, 2019). Однако остается неясным, необходимо ли клинически проверять все SNP человека при условии, что дилемма J.B.S. Haldane (1957) и теория нейтральной эволюции (Kimura, 1968) предсказывают ней- тральность абсолютного большинства SNP человека. Сей- час для будущего клинического теста чаще всего вручную эвристически выбирают кандидатный SNP-маркер задан- ной патологии среди всех SNP генов, уже связанных с этой болезнью (Varzari et al., 2016). Выбор таких кандидатных SNP-маркеров можно сделать объективнее, быстрее и прицельнее за счет малозатратного биоинформатического выявления абсолютного большинства нейтральных SNP во всем референсном геноме человека (Ponomarenko M. et al., 2017). Хотя точность биоинформатических прогнозов для SNP все еще остается ниже порога их применимости в клинической практике (Yoo et al., 2015), она непрерывно увеличивается с каждым годом (Putlyaeva et al., 2018).
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L'hémorragie du post-partum est la première cause de mortalité maternelle dans le monde avec une contribution variant de 18 à 50% des décès [1–5]. Les étiologies les plus fréquentes sont: l'atonie utérine, les coagulopathies, la rétention de débris placentaires, les anomalies d'insertions placentaires, la rétention des membranes fœtales et les lacérations du tractus génital [4, 5]. Parmi les causes inhabituelles, figurent les hématomes puerpéraux (encore appelés thrombus péri-génitaux) avec une fréquence de 1/1000 accouchements . Ces derniers sont de diagnostic facile lorsqu'ils concernent la vulve et/ou le vagin tandis que les localisations pelviennes (retro-péritonéales) nécessitent plus de subtilité de la part des praticiens ainsi que la réalisation des examens d'imagerie . Nous rapportons ici un cas d'hématome vulvaire expansif du post-partum immédiat, pris en charge chirurgicalement.
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在系统性回顾研究中，与操作有关的并发症发生率为15.2%-55.6%，死亡率为0-5.6%。最常见的并发症是气胸，发生率为4.5%-61.1%，大部分可以自愈，只有3.3%-38.9%（平均11%）需要放置胸腔闭式引流。本组无操作相关死亡，气胸发生率为13%（13/100），其中1例行胸腔闭式引流（7.69%）。本研究小组有丰富的肺穿刺活检经验，避免发生气胸的关键是穿刺技术要熟练，进针速度快和穿刺准确，需要调整射频针的位置时针尖尽量留在肺内或肿瘤内。出现少量气胸不需特殊处理，中大量气胸需要抽净气体，防止影响射频针在肿瘤内的布针。
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With the exception of those defining rRNA variation, most existing sequence typing and characterisation databases host data for one or a few related microbiological species. BIGSDB allows loci to belong to groups which could be related to their level of diversity or by their presence in specific organisms so it can be specified that, for example, a N. meningitidis isolate should be scanned against Neisseria-specific loci and against more widely applicable loci such as genes for DNA and RNA metabolism or protein folding which are found widely throughout the bacterial domain . Such groupings allow a single database to hold information for a disparate range of species, with characterisation ranging from the genus to a finetype, as appropriate, depending on their similarity and the research question being addressed. The trans-genus Streptococcus database demonstrates how multiple MLST schemes can be accommodated within a single database, allowing such schemes to be cross-referenced and sequences exported for phylogenetic analysis. From the analysis of 43 Streptococcal genomes, 77 loci were found in all sequences using a nucleotide BLAST search with the S. equi genome as a reference. The identification of these genes, without prior knowledge, allowed a ClonalFrame tree to be constructed showing the individual species as distinct clusters, very similar to the tree constructed from MLSA locus data. Many more loci would be expected to be found throughout the genus if the BLAST search for each locus used an expanding database of all known alleles rather than the single reference genome sequence, as used for the MLSA scheme incorporated in the same database. Alternatively, loci can be defined based on the translated protein sequences, enabling protein BLAST searches to be used. The relative insensitivity of nucleotide BLAST searches compared to those for proteins , however, is unlikely to be an issue for isolates belonging to the same or closely related species.
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We have previously shown that 14-3-3ζ−/− mice in the Sv/129 background display anatomical and behavioural defects reminiscent to neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia2021. To determine if different genetic backgrounds affect the 14-3-3ζ−/− phenotype we back-crossed these mice in to the BALB/c background for over 10 generations. Quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analysis on embryonic and adult tissue confirmed that BALB/c 14-3-3ζ−/− mice completely lacked 14-3-3ζ expression (Supplementary Fig. 1). Inter-crosses of BALB/c 14-3-3ζ heterozygous mice gave rise to homozygous mice at the expected Mendelian ratio at birth indicating that 14-3-3ζ−/− mice are embryonically viable (25.5% 14-3-3ζ+/+, 53.2% 14-3-3ζ+/−, 21.2% 14-3-3ζ−/−; n = 470, P = 0.1772). Notably, back-crossing into the BALB/c background rescued the growth retardation and postnatal death of 14-3-3ζ−/− mice that was evident in the Sv/129 background. Regardless of the genetic background 14-3-3ζ−/− males and females were infertile. Tests of olfaction, vision, balance, self-righting, eye blink, eye twitch, whisker orientation and neuromuscular strength were normal in 14-3-3ζ−/− compared to 14-3-3ζ+/+ controls (summarised in Table S1) further indicating that there are no outwardly abnormal phenotypes in these mice.
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The recorded mean baseline GI scores of 1.0 and 0.9, respectively, suggest that the pregnant women participating in this trial were suffering only from mild pregnancy‐associated gingivitis. However when looking at the frequency distribution of the observed GI categories (Fig. 2) it must be noted, that in both groups also scores of GI 2 and GI 3, indicative of more severe gingival inflammation, were locally present in up to 28% of the sites evaluated at baseline. The pattern of GI scores recorded at the end of the study clearly demonstrate that particularly in the L. reuteri group not only sites with mild gingivitis resolved but also the percentage of sites exhibiting GI categories 2 and 3 pronouncedly decreased. It also has to be noted that these changes occurred without any intentional interference with personal oral hygiene or the performance of professional mechanical plaque removal.
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The cation cascade doping in the mixed perovskites films has been created based on the (FAPbI3)85(MAPbBr3)15 (denoted as FAMA) perovskites, considering its phase stability at room temperature and decent photovoltaic efficiency in related devices7,34. The A-site substitutions are covered from FAMACs, FAMACsRb, to FAMACsRbK, by stepwise addition of A cations with continuously decreased ionic radii. Specifically, Cs+ was first doped in FAMA with the volume ratio of 1 to 12.5%, and 5% Cs-doped perovskites ((FAMA)95Cs5, denoted as FAMACs) were further served as the host for Rb and K doping, owing to its outstanding photovoltaic behavior among the full spectrum of Cs-doped perovskites, as evidenced in the later discussion. The corresponding films were obtained by the conventional one-step solution process with chlorobenzene as the antisolvent34,35, where the detailed procedure is shown in the experimental section.
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Les résultats montrent, d'une manière générale, que les croyances en matière d'accouchement des répondantes limitent la fréquentation des maternités par les femmes au cours de l'accouchement. Le fait de croire par exemple qu'une femme en travail doit dire le nom de tous les hommes avec lesquels elle a eu des rapports sexuels pendant la grossesse pour qu'elle réussisse à accoucher fait penser que si elle a des difficultés au cours du travail, ce n'est parce qu'il y a une dystocie, mais c'est parce qu'elle cache plutôt les noms des hommes avec lesquels elle a eu des rapports: donc c'est sa faute. Ces croyances font que parfois, lorsqu'il y a une dystocie, au lieu de transporter rapidement la parturiente à la maternité pour qu'elle soit prise en charge, on pense que c'est un problème de mauvais comportement de la parturiente, de mauvais sort, de sorcellerie et on fait recours aux guérisseurs traditionnels (féticheurs, marabouts) qui utilisent soit des talismans, des herbes, de l'argile, des décoctions ou des incantations dans le but de faciliter l'accouchement. C'est après plusieurs jours de tentatives, au moment où généralement le bébé est déjà mort et la nécrose des tissus mous déjà produite, qu'elle accouche ou qu'elle est transportée à la maternité pour bénéficier d'une césarienne. Quelques jours après, la chute des escarres se produit et elle commence à perdre ses urines.
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Actuellement, bien qu'il soit admis que la rachianesthésie réduit le temps opératoire et nécessite moins le recours à la transfusion , il est difficile de fixer une règle générale en donnant la préférence à un type d'anesthésie, générale ou locorégionale. Dans notre série, 66% étaient opérés sous AG et 34% sous rachianesthésie, dans une étude réalisée en 2009 par Mouilhadea , 89,3% des patients étaient opérés sous AG tant dis que 10,7% sous RA. On retient doc que le choix d'une technique anesthésique dépend de certains facteurs qui seront déterminants: les antécédents du patient, les habitudes du médecin anesthésiste, les conditions opératoires (durée, température de la salle, position.) et surtout, les préférences du patient bien informé dès la consultation d'anesthésie. Commun à toute anesthésie, le monitorage permet de surveiller l’état cardiorespiratoire du patient durant l'intervention. Il doit être en accord avec les recommandations de la SFAR . Le sondage urinaire doit être d'indication large, du fait de l'immobilisation et de la retention urinaire post anesthésique. Dans notre série, le monitorage a été assuré pour tous les patients comprenant: un électrocardioscope, un oxymètre du pouls, un dynamap, un capnographe, un curamètre et un hémoglobunomètre sur sang artériel. L'intervention dure en moyenne deux heures, éviter l'hypothermie permet surtout de diminuer les frissons postopératoires, mai également susceptible de diminuer le saignement et le risque infectieux . Il semble actuellement que seules les couvertures à air chaud pulsé aient fait la preuve de leur réelle efficacité. L'utilisation du ciment (methacrylate de méthyle) expose le patient à des complicationsmortelles: arrêt cardiaque, collapsus et hypoxémie) . Le tableau clinique est celui d'une défaillance cardiaque droite puis globale par dilatation droite avec compression des cavités gauches . Le traitement est symptomatique: oxygénation, catécholamines et remplissage vasculaire. En 1999, Bierbaum, dans une étude à travers de 330 centres hospitaliers orthopédiques avec un effectif de 9482 patients, 57% ont bénéficié d'une transfusion, dont 66% de transfusion autologue et 34% homologue . Alors que Borghi, l'incidence de transfusion homologue dans son étude ne dépassait paq 9,6% . Dans notre étude, l'incidence de la transfusion sanguine est de 14% ce qui peut être expliqué par l'utilisation seule de la transfusion homologue, et par l’âge relativement jeune des patients. Salido démontre que le sexe féminin, le surpoids et la taille avaient un impact significatif sur le taux transfusionnel, ce taux n’était pas influencé par l’âge des patients . Dans notre analyse des facteurs épidémiologiques prédictifs de la transfusion dans l'arthroplastie totale de la hanche, nous avons noté que plus l’âge n'est élevé, plus le besoin transfusionnel augmente. Chorois avait rapporté que les pertes sanguines pour athroplastie sont plus importantes quand la chirurgie est exécutée pour une coxarthrose destructive que pour une coxarthrose habituelle [25, 26]. Nous n'avons pas constaté de relation significative entre le recours à la transfusion et l’étiologie de la PTH. Dans une étude parue en Octobre 2006, Mauermann compare 330 patients ous AG et 348 patients sous rachianesthésie et démontre que la rachianesthésie réduit le temps opératoire de 7,1 mn et réduit les pertes sanguines de 275 ml. De ce fait, les patients opérés sous rachianesthésie nécessiteront moins le recours . Nous avons souligné que parmi les 14% des patients transfusés, 71,5% étaient sous AG alors que 28,5% étaient sous RA. Nos résultats corroborent avec ceux de la littérature. Notre étude exclut la durée d'intervention chirurgicale comme facteur prédictif de la transfusion en chirurgie prothétique de la hanche. Nous avons tenu que les facteurs prédictifs à la transfusion peropératoire en termes de PTH sont l’âge et le type d'anesthésie.
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The draft guidelines were sent to all panel members for their comments and final endorsement. Since the guidelines were meant to be useful to members of the public, it was important to ensure that they were written to be comprehensible to the target non-professional readership. Feedback from panel members was explicitly sought on the structure and readability of the guidelines, and suggested improvements were incorporated in the final version.
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Xia et al., mostraram que a sobrevivência de ratos tratados com APN durante a isquemia e a reperfusão subsequente no transplante de fígado autólogo melhorou significativamente em comparação com os ratos que receberam apenas solução salina normal. Assim, alterações nos níveis circulantes de APN podem ter importantes implicações no transplante a longo prazo. O mecanismo envolvido na proteção da APN é multifatorial, incluindo propriedades anti-inflamatórias e antiapoptose, conforme ilustrado pela diminuição da produção de mieloperoxidase (MPO) e das citocinas inflamatórias, como TNF-α e IL-6. A APN também evita a apoptose das células do ducto biliar.(31)
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Because the probability of association of PVL was highest with IL37 NS-SNP (chr.13: 17,064,452) (Table 3), we will focus our final discussion on the IL37 gene. IL37 is a very unique cytokine with an anti-inflammatory effect30–32. It belongs to the IL-1 family and interferes with many cytokines that induce inflammation, such as IL-1A, IL-1B, IL-18, and IL-3333–37. The human IL37 gene is located on chromosome 2q12–13 in the middle of a chromosomal region containing many gene-encoding cytokines, including the IL1-A and IL1-B genes38. IL37 has two modalities of action. The first is dependent upon the secretion of the IL37 gene, which is cleaved by unknown extracellular enzymes and binds to its receptor, which then encompasses two membrane proteins, respectively: the beta chain of the IL-18 receptor (IL-18RB) and the orphan IL1-R8 protein, the latter of which is responsible for the inhibitory signal39. The second pathway requires the cleavage of intracytoplasmic IL37 by caspase-1. The caspase 1-cleaved IL37 translocates into the nucleus, where it combines with Smad3 to modulate the expression of several genes involved in inflammation30,40. In particular, the IL37-Smad3 complex induces decreased transcription of IL-6 and IL-1B41. Since the IL37 gene is absent in mice, many experiments are based on transgenic mouse into which the human IL37 gene has been introduced, as reviewed by Dinarello et al.37. These knock-in mice are resistant to concavalin A-induced hepatitis42, LPS toxic shock43, and dextran sulfate induced colitis44. Other experimental data proved that IL37 is capable of impairing adaptive immune responses by inducing tolerogenic dendritic cells45 and favoring induction of Treg cells46. The human IL37 gene has many polymorphisms and recently, it was demonstrated that two major haplo-groups are present in human populations47. A recent study demonstrated that the human variants possess functional differences due variation in their destruction rates48. Previous reports suggested that IL37 was involved in the development of various inflammatory conditions, including ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis49–51. More recently, expression of the IL37 gene was shown to be increased in individuals with chronic HIV-1 infection52. It has been demonstrated that when human IL37 is secreted, the most active form was cleaved between phenylalanine (position 45) and valine (position 46 of the human IL37b) by an unknown protease53. Human IL37b with the N-terminus at valine 46 was found to be produced naturally in the supernatant of a eukaryote-transfected cell line54. Therefore, the position of the amino acid change related to Mafa NS-SNP (Chr.13:17064452) is located outside the active forms of the protein. However, this does not preclude that the amino acid variant could affect the maturation of pro-IL37. We analyzed the potential cleavage sites in the macaque proteins by means of the PROSPER server55. As shown in Fig. 3, the IL37 Mafa NS-SNP (Chr.13:17064452) is responsible for a threonine/methionine amino acid polymorphism at position 20 of the macaque protein (homologous to position 12 of the human protein). In humans (all known variants) and in all non-human primates (except cynomolgus and rhesus macaques), the homologous amino acid position is occupied by a methionine. The presence of a threonine in the macaque protein destroys an elastase 2 cleavage site. In Mauritian macaques, the presence of a methionine was associated with high PVL. Therefore, the presence of the elastase site in macaque pro-IL37 is associated with high PVL in the SIV macaque model. If this elastase site favors the maturation of the secreted pro-IL37, then easier maturation would be associated with high PVL. The alternative hypothesis is that the NS-SNP (Mafa Chr.13:17064452) is linked to another uncharacterized variant in the region that controls the expression of IL37, or nearby gene. As indicated above, in a previous study we characterized one SNP in the 3′UTR region of the IL36G gene15. At this stage, it is not yet possible to conclusively select the best candidate gene in the IL37/IL36G region, because of the insufficient number of genotyped animals.
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事实上，目前所有胸腺肿瘤均已被视作恶性肿瘤。现已证实，即使A型胸腺瘤也可存在远处转移，并且A型胸腺瘤完全切除后出现复发也时有报道。因此，“恶性”或“良性”胸腺瘤的区分不再适用，相关的术语也已不再适宜。建议采纳国际胸腺肿瘤协作组织（International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group, ITMIG）提出的“胸腺恶性肿瘤”（Thymic Malignancies）这一术语。同时，该病属于一种惰性肿瘤；在许多胸腺瘤患者中，即便疾病进展后，患者的生存期仍较长。因此，建议针对胸腺肿瘤开展较长时间的随访（10年），着重了解患者总生存率（overall survival, OS）和复发状况。
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Результаты исследования свидетельствуют о том, что в Республике Тыва (регионе с тяжелым природным йодным дефицитом) в настоящее время имеет место достаточная обеспеченность населения йодом. Медианная концентрация йода в моче составляет 153 мкг/л, что, согласно рекомендациям ВОЗ, отражает адекватное йодное обеспечение и прямо коррелирует с использованием йодированной соли в домохозяйствах (более 90%).
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The 61% of female in rural and 58.5% of female in urban were similar to response pattern observed in Nigeria demographic and health Surveys (NDHS) of 2008 where 68% and 65% were proportions of female respondents in the rural and urban settings respectively. Expectedly, while over 60% of the rural respondents were illiterates, only 22.3% of the urban respondents were illiterates. One third of both the rural and urban respondents were traders but the major difference was that while Farmers and Artisans were more than another third of rural respondents, Civil servants and students constitute more than one-third of urban respondents.
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Allosterism can cause fractal properties and kinetic changes due to enzyme conformational changes. To avoid the vast expansion of parameters to be optimized, in this situation we model the particularly complicated allosteric regulation for phosphofructokinase (pfkA) via non-integral reaction orders, thereby breaking from the pure elementary reaction schema, but maintaining the type of bimolecular reactions (Figure 2B). This treatment for its simplicity greatly increased the ability to characterize reaction parameters. Since the original ARL model is almost an empirical expression for pfkA dynamics, it is impossible to establish a relationship between kinetic constants and rate constants through SMKA/GRC. For this reason, we treat all rate constants and non-integral reaction orders as adjustable parameters that vary freely within the acceptable ranges that are detailed below. These parameters were used to calculate the initial concentrations of enzyme forms through SMKA (see Additional file 1) and then estimated by numerical simulation and optimization to reproduce the original time-course data for the ARL model.
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Of 170 rotavirus-positive specimens that underwent molecular genotyping, 4 G and 3 P genotypes were found; G2 and G12 together accounted for 62% and P and P together accounted for 74% of their respective genotypes (Table). A total of 10 different G and P genotype combinations were detected, which together accounted for 76% of rotavirus-positive specimens. Ten (6%) mixed infections, as defined by the specimens containing more than 1 G or P genotype, were found, and 31 (18%) specimens remained untypeable. The most common combinations were G2P (33%) and G12P (17%). No G4 strains were detected, nor were any P strains found (which are often associated with G3 or G12 VP7 specificity). Since neither G3 nor G9 strains occurred in the preceding season in Kathmandu (5), their sudden appearance in Nepal needs continued attention.
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Let us define\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\begin{aligned} {\mathbf {p}}_{j}^*:=\left( x_{1,j}^*, x_{2,j}^*, \ldots , x_{n,j}^*\right) ^\top =z_j^*{\mathbf {y}}^*; \quad {\mathbf {r}}_{i}^{*}:=\left( x_{i,1}^{*}, x_{i,2}^{*}, \ldots , x_{i,m}^{*}\right) ^\top =y_i^*{\mathbf {z}}^*. \end{aligned}$$\end{document}pj∗:=x1,j∗,x2,j∗,…,xn,j∗⊤=zj∗y∗;ri∗:=xi,1∗,xi,2∗,…,xi,m∗⊤=yi∗z∗.For \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathbf {x}}^*$$\end{document}x∗ to be an equilibrium of System (14), it should render the right-hand side equal to zero. Note that\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\begin{aligned} \mathbf {TY}^*\left( \frac{{\mathbf {p}}_{j}^*}{{\mathbf {y}}^*}\right) =z_j^*\mathbf {TY}^*\mathbb {1}^n=z_j^*{\mathbf {T}}{\mathbf {y}}^{*}={\mathbf {0}}^n \end{aligned}$$\end{document}TY∗pj∗y∗=zj∗TY∗1n=zj∗Ty∗=0nand\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\begin{aligned} {\mathbf {B}}{\mathcal {K}}{\mathbf {B}}^{\top }\left( \frac{{\mathbf {r}}_{i}^*}{{\mathbf {z}}^{*}}\right) =y_i^*{\mathbf {B}}{\mathcal {K}}{\mathbf {B}}^{\top }\mathbb {1}^m={\mathbf {0}}^m. \end{aligned}$$\end{document}BKB⊤ri∗z∗=yi∗BKB⊤1m=0m.In addition,\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\begin{aligned} (\mathbb {1}^{mn})^{\top }{\mathbf {x}}^*=\sum _{i=1}^n\sum _{j=1}^mx_{i,j}^*=\sum _{i=1}^{n}y_i^*\sum _{j=1}^mz_j^{*}=1. \end{aligned}$$\end{document}(1mn)⊤x∗=∑i=1n∑j=1mxi,j∗=∑i=1nyi∗∑j=1mzj∗=1.Thus, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathbf {x}}^*$$\end{document}x∗ is a coexistence equilibrium of System (14).
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MAGE基因是一种原癌基因，属于肿瘤-睾丸抗原（cancer-testis antigen, CTA）家族，首先从黑色素瘤中发现，目前发现的MAGE基因家族成员超过60个，MAGE基因家族的最大共同特征是其氨基酸序列存在一个MAGE同源结构域（MAGE homology domain, MHD）。MHD一般含165个-171个氨基酸残基，根据其氨基酸排列进行的结构预测表明，它可能含有4个α螺旋和5个β片层结构，但是其真实结构及功能目前还不是很清楚。根据MAGE基因在染色体上具体位置的不同及其表达模式的不同，MAGE基因被分为两大亚家族，分别为MAGE-Ⅰ类抗原和MAGE-Ⅱ类抗原，MAGE-Ⅰ类抗原属于癌睾丸抗原中的一个大家族，其又可分为MAGE-A、B和C三个亚家族，它们主要分布在生殖细胞和滋养细胞；MAGE-Ⅱ类抗原包括MAGE-D、神经细胞生长抑制因子抗原、网状内皮系统刺激素抗原等，主要表达于神经组织和其它正常组织。在MAGE-Ⅰ类抗原中MAGE-A具有严格的肿瘤特异性表达模式，可编码肿瘤特异性抗原多肽，其编码的蛋白产物能被细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（cytotoxic T lymphocyte, CD8+）识别并诱导免疫应答，常被作为肿瘤诊断和免疫治疗的重要靶分子，因此成为肿瘤免疫治疗研究的热点。
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Genomes generated by MetaBAT were searched with GraftM v0.11.1 using an McrA-specific GraftM package (gpkg). The McrA gene tree was curated with NCBI taxonomy, with the Bathyarchaeota and Syntrophoarcaheum clade labeled as “divergent”. An evalue of 1e-50 was used to filter for full-length McrA genes.
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Foi realizada uma metanálise utilizando-se os critérios definidos pelas recomendações do grupo Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE - Metanálise de estudos observacionais em epidemiologia).10 O protocolo desta metanálise foi registrado no PROSPERO sob o número CRD42019134441.
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To test the sensitivity of multiplex MERT-LAMP assay, the MERT-LAMP reaction was conducted under the conditions described above with serial dilutions (2.5 ng, 250 pg, 25 pg, 2.5 pg, 250 fg, 125 fg, 62.5 fg, and 31.25 fg per microliter) of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus, and 1μl DNA template DNA each of V. parahaemolyticus strains and V. vulnificus strains was simultaneously added into a MERT-LMAP reaction.
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The discrepancy between our and Poitelon et al.’s studies is likely due to the fact that Poitelon et al. examined Yap/Taz cDKO mice up to P20 (Poitelon et al., 2016), whereas we analyzed them more thoroughly up to P60. Several considerations excluded the possibility that delayed axon sorting in our cDKO mice was due to incomplete deletion of Yap/Taz. First, we used the same P0 Cre-driver line as Poitelon et al. and observed a major block in radial sorting at P18. Second, if an allele of Yap or Taz remained undeleted, these SCs would have differentiated to mSCs and myelinated axons by P18, as in control nerves. However, we found mSCs to be rare in P18 and P60 cDKO (for example, MBP+ and YAP/TAZ+ SCs in cDKO in Figure 2E2; Figure 3C). Third, not more than ~20% SCs in cDKO were immunopositive for YAP/TAZ at P60, which is too few to explain the incomplete but extensive radial sorting and virtually complete amyelination (see below). Fourth, most of these ~20% SCs were only weakly immunopositive at P4 and did not increase at P60, indicating that they failed to proliferate vigorously. Notably, whereas an allele of Taz was sufficient to complete myelination in P60 Yap-cKO/Taz-cHET (Figure 3B; leftmost panels), an allele of Yap was insufficient as evidenced by defective sorting and myelination in P60 Taz-cKO/Yap-cHET (Figure 3B). We therefore postulate that most of the weak Yap/Taz immunoreactivity in these ~20% SCs represents an undeleted allele of Yap or non-specific antibody binding.
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Mas estudos em série revelaram muitas funções destas formas de sinalização. Em particular, verificou-se que a ativação da via de sinalização do fosfatidilinositol-3 quinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) está envolvida tanto nos processos de inflamação quanto de obesidade.(10) Supomos que todos esses mecanismos possam ser interligados, especialmente na patogênese da PND, e o ponto-chave pode ser a ativação do sistema BDNF-TrkB.
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L’incidence dans la population générale est de 1/20 000 à 1/50 000, ce qui est en fait une des délétions chromosomiques les plus fréquentes. La prévalence chez les sujets retardés mentaux avec un quotient intellectuel inférieur à 50 serait de l’ordre de 1/350 . Le poids de naissance est inférieur à la moyenne dans 90% des cas, malgré une durée pratiquement normale de grossesse. Plus de la moitié des nouveau-nés ont un périmètre crânien inférieur au 10ème percentile. Des troubles respiratoires et d ’ alimentation sont communs en période néonatale. Le poids, la taille et le périmètre crânien restent inférieurs à la moyenne . Le signe le plus remarquable est celui qui a donné son nom à la maladie : un cri monotone, aigu et plaintif, rappelant le miaulement d ’ un chaton. Ce cri est présent au cours des premières semaines de vie, et se modifie par la suite . L’aspect du visage est très évocateur. Il évolue avec l’âge. Chez le nourrisson, microcéphalie, hypertélorisme, micrognathie sont des signes cliniques évocateurs. La racine du nez est très large et plate. Il existe fréquemment un épicanthus, et un strabisme. Avec l’âge, le visage devient long et mince avec effacement des angles de la mâchoire. L’hypotonie est constante en période néonatale et dans la petite enfance, mais disparaît ensuite. Les acquisitions sont retardées, la position assise est acquise après 2 ans et la marche autonome rarement avant 4 ans. Le langage reste le plus souvent réduit à quelques mots, ou inexistant. Le retard mental est évident dès les premiers mois. Il est sévère à profond .
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The presymptomatic phase for Parkinson’s disease is taken as the period from the onset of neuronal loss in substantia nigra to the onset of symptoms. It has been reported to be 4.7 years for the total age-adjusted count in Parkinson’s disease . During this period neuronal loss due to Parkinson’s disease, excluding age-related loss, has been estimated to be 31% for the total count. This neuronal loss is almost equivalent to the SBR reduction rate of 35% calculated from the ratio of the 95% lower limit of prediction intervals to the averaged SBR at an age group of 60–69 presented in Table 3.
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In conclusion, doses of doxorubicin and doxorubicin monotherapy or combination therapy did not show significant differences in OS, but combination therapy showed a better overall response rate and longer TTF compared to monotherapy. Furthermore, less number of involved organs, no bulky mass, and normal CRP level were found to be independent favorable prognostic factors.
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HeLa, CAL-51, Hep G2 and HEK293T cells were grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin–streptomycin and cultured at 37°C with 5% CO2. Depletion of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins C1/C2 (hnRNP C) and reporter minigene transfections were performed as previously described (7). Briefly, HeLa cultures were independently transfected using two different hnRNP C Stealth Select RNAi siRNAs (KD1 and KD2 refer to siRNAs HSS179304 and HSS179305 from Invitrogen, respectively) at a final concentration of 5 nM. Western blot analyses confirmed efficient HNRNPC knockdown with both siRNAs without affecting U2AF65 protein levels. Following HNRNPC knockdown transfections, cells were cotransfected with 400 ng of minigene plasmids. Cultures were harvested 48 h later and RNA was extracted for downstream experiments. All transfection experiments were performed in triplicates.
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As amostras de biópsias de tumor foram fixadas em formol e incluídas em parafina. Foi realizada imunomarcação com anticorpos primários para o receptor de estrógeno (RE; antirreceptor de estrógeno humano alfa, clone 1D5 a 1:600; Dako, Dinamarca), receptor de progesterona (RP; antirreceptor de progesterona humana, clone PGR 636 a 1:500; Dako, Dinamarca), e receptor tipo 2 do fator de crescimento epidérmico humano (HER-2, anti-HER2-pY-1248 humano, clone PN2A a 1:500; Dako, Dinamarca), junto de um kit comercial de imunoistoquímica. As amostras foram consideradas positivas para RE/RP quando pelo menos 10% dos núcleos das células tumorais estavam corados. A superexpressão de HER2 foi detectada por coloração forte da membrana (3+), ou quando a amplificação de HER2, em amostras com coloração moderada (2+) de membrana, foi observada em análises por Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization (FISH). As amostras foram pontuadas e classificadas, sendo consideradas HER2-positivas quando o escore HER2 IHC foi 3+, e HER-negativas, quando o escore foi 1+ ou zero. As amostras com escore 2+ foram analisadas por FISH para detectar amplificação de HER2 (HER2 FISH pharmDxTM; Dako, Dinamarca). As amostras com escore IHC 2+ e resultado amplificado em FISH foram consideradas HER2-positivas, enquanto amostras com um escore IHC 2+ e sem amplificação em FISH foram HER2-negativas. 10
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HER2突变在NSCLC中发生率为1%-4%，在EGFR、ALK、KRAS均为阴性的选择人群中HER2突变率为6%，多数HER2突变在20号外显子发生插入突变，最常见的突变亚型是p. A775_G776insYVMA突变，该突变亚型是在20号外显子的第776位密码子YVMA序列处重复或插入12个碱基对，导致PI3K-AKT和MEK-ERK通路的下游活化，从而促进细胞的增殖。本研究中，HER2突变在EGFR、ALK、ROS-1、KRAS、BRAF、RET、MET均为阴性的患者中占30.2%，国内外尚未有研究报道HER2突变在上述7种基因均为阴性的患者中的发生率。考虑该研究属于小样本研究，可能存在抽样偏差等因素，这一结果有待未来的大样本、多中心研究进一步证实。HER2突变在本研究中显示出独特的临床特征，多见于年轻、不吸烟的女性患者，与之前研究[6, 8-10]报道相符。
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В РФ селекционные исследования, направленные на создание новых сортов малины, выполняются во Все- российском селекционно-технологическом институте садоводства и питомниководства в Москве, Кокинском опорном пункте этого института, в государственном бюджетном учреждении Самарской области «Научно-иссле- довательский институт «Жигулевские сады» в Самаре, на Свердловской селекционной станции садоводства, во Всероссийском научно-исследовательском институте садоводства им. И.В. Мичурина (Мичуринск) и на Но- восибирской зональной станции садоводства. На Алтае селекционная работа по малине ведется с 1935 г. в На- учно-исследовательском институте садоводства Сибири им. М.А. Лисавенко в Горно-Алтайске и с 1951 г. – в Бар- науле (Евдокименко и др., 2012).
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(A) Binding energy for various systems i.e. binary complex TRAIL-DR5, ternary complexes Fab-TRAIL-DR5, QC-TRAIL-DR5 and QC-TRAIL-Mutated-DR5. (B) Hydrogen bonds occupancy for the QC interaction with residues of TRAIL and DR5 over the last ns trajectory in the ternary complex QC-TRAIL-DR5. (C) QC binds near the TRAIL-DR5 interface. (D) The molecular recognition interactions of QC in TRAIL-DR5 complex. (E) Hydrogen bond occupancy analysis between DR5 residues and TRAIL residues (x-axis) in the three complexes.
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Predominaram estudos da região Nordeste, indicando que os resultados caracterizam uma região e não o País em sua totalidade. Segundo Soares et al, 54 como o Nordeste é a região com maior número de equipes de saúde da família no País, isso poderia explicar o predomínio de estudos na região.
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After debonding, the amount of residual adhesive adhering to the enamel surface was quantified by using the adhesive remnant index (ARI) developed by Årtun and Bergland53. The ARI scores of all samples were recorded using an optical stereomicroscope under 10 × magnification. Scoring groups were as follows: 0, no adhesive remains on the tooth; 1, less than 50% of the adhesive remains on the tooth; 2, more than 50% of the adhesive remains on the tooth; and 3, all adhesive remains on the tooth.
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Four independent observations indicate that the αC-inbroad resonance arises from a dimeric species: 1) the chemical shift of this species is similar to that of the αC-innarrow resonance (Fig. 4a), 2) spectral deconvolution revealed a concentration dependence for the area of the αC-inbroad peak that fits to a monomer-dimer equilibrium model closely agreeing with independent measurements (Supplementary Fig. 14b), 3) the αC-inbroad resonance is not observed in BRAF samples with dimer-disrupting interface mutations (Supplementary Fig. 14c), 4) D2O exchange experiments revealed equivalently large isotope shifts for the αC-innarrow and αC-inbroad resonances (0.06 versus 0.08ppm), indicating a similar degree of solvent exposure of the probe, compared to a relatively small shift for the αC-out monomer peak (0.02 ppm) (Supplementary Fig. 14f).
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W patogenezie schorzenia podkreśla się toksyczny efekt działania gromadzonych metabolitów (ufosforylowanych cukrów) na hepatocyty i kanaliki nerkowe. Inna hipoteza podkreśla znaczenie stresu oksydacyjnego, który jest efektem braku NADPH koniecznego dla odtwarzania zredukowanej formy glutationu – kofaktora peroksydazy glutationowej przeciwdziałającej stresowi oksydacyjnemu [2, 4]. Reduktaza glutationowa, tworząca układ antyoksydacyjny w mitochondriach, także wykorzystuje NADPH jako źródło elektronów, katalizując reakcję odtwarzania zredukowanej formy glutationu kosztem utlenienia NADPH. Tym samym zapewnia równowagę peroksydacyjno-antyoksydacyjną, zapobiegając stresowi oksydacyjnemu.
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We noticed that isolated LD exhibited severe aggregation when the GST tag was removed. These findings suggest possible strong cis interactions, i.e., self-association of Climp63 in the same side of the membrane, which might undermine trans interactions that were tested here and indeed needed as a luminal spacer. The width of ER sheets in mammalian cells is ∼50 nm in average. However, the previously purified Climp63 LD (in partial denatured conditions) was seen as 90-nm rods by EM, which less likely represents a functional spacer (Klopfenstein et al., 2001). If the LD forms one single straight helix, it would be estimated as 70 nm in length. Certain winding of the helical domain is therefore expected for a fit in 50 nm space.
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A vitalidade (perfil biofísico e cardiotocografia) e a maturidade fetal devem ser avaliadas com maior frequência quando comparadas às da população de gestantes saudáveis. No período neonatal, a supervisão deve ser durante 24 a 48 horas após o nascimento, considerando os sintomas e sinais mais frequentes, tais como depressão respiratória, bradicardia, hiperbilirrubinemia e hipoglicemia. Por esse motivo, quando próximo do parto, uma medida prudente é a redução progressiva do betabloqueador, buscando a mais baixa dose que tenha eficácia materna.344
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Precision of an analytical method describes the closeness of two or more measurements to each other whereas the accuracy of an analytical method describes the closeness of mean test results obtained by the method to the true value (concentration) of the analyte. Intra- and interday accuracies are expressed as a percentage of deviation from the respective nominal value. The precision of the assay was measured by the percent coefficient of variation (%CV) at three different concentrations in human plasma. Intraday precision and accuracy were assessed by analyzing six replicates of the quality control samples at three different levels (reserpine (0.96, 24, and 300 ng/mL), rescinnamine (0.80, 20, and 250 ng/mL), and yohimbine (0.64, 16, and 200 ng/mL)) during a single analytical run. Similarly the interday precision and accuracy were assessed by analyzing 18 replicates of the quality control samples at different concentration levels through three precision and accuracy batches runs on 3 consecutive validation days. The deviation at each concentration level from the nominal concentration was expected to be ≤15.0% for precision whereas the mean accuracy should not deviate by ±15.0%.
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Alle Punkte sprechen für die kulturelle Dominanz der B‑Welt. Letztlich werden Hierarchie und die Rolle höher bewertet als Teamarbeit und Entwicklung. Um die Projektarbeit zu stärken, wurden folgende Schritte unternommen:Angesprochen wurden besonders leistungsstarke Führungskräfte.Es wurden Ressourcen für die Entwicklung des Projektteams zur Verfügung gestellt.Führungskräften wurde die Rückkehr auf die gleiche bzw. nächsthöhere Position wie vor Projektbeginn vertraglich zugesichert.Die freiwerdenden Führungspositionen wurden mit Vertretern besetzt, deren Entwicklung für die Zeit nach dem Projekt ebenfalls definiert wurde.
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Für das Lernen unter Pandemiebedingungen, insbesondere in der Zeit einer kompletten Schulschließung, spielt Klassenmanagement im Hinblick auf die Koordination des komplexen sozialen Gefüges im Klassenraum eine untergeordnete Rolle. Ein gutes Management der Lernaktivitäten der Schülerinnen und Schüler zur Maximierung der time on task ist jedoch gerade für das individuelle Lernen im häuslichen Umfeld zentral (Klieme 2020). Allerdings äußerte eine große Mehrheit der befragten Lehrkräfte in zwei bundesweiten Studien (Institut für Schulentwicklungsforschung, Technische Universität Dortmund 2020; Vodafone Stiftung Deutschland 2020a), dass Schülerinnen und Schüler in Zeiten von Corona nicht so effektiv wie gewöhnlich lernen konnten. Diesen Eindruck teilten die befragten Eltern, die angaben, dass ihre Kinder weniger Zeit mit dem Lernen als sonst verbrachten (Wößmann et al. 2020). Auch waren viele Schülerinnen und Schüler der Ansicht, weniger als im regulären Unterricht gelernt zu haben (Huber et al. 2020).
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From this study we conclude that the NFKB1 -94 insertion/deletion ATTG polymorphism is significantly associated with DCM. The genotype frequency of (ATTG1/ATTG2+ATTG2/ATTG2) is significantly overrepresented in DCM patients, indicating that ATTG2 carriers are associated with the increased risk of DCM. However, additional studies in a larger number of DCM patients and in different populations could help to establish the true significance of this association.
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The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of “Mater Domini” Hospital, “Magna Graecia” University, Catanzaro (project identification code: 2011.61; date: 13 December 2011). According to the above Ethics Committee, a written consent was not needed. In fact, this is a retrospective observational study considering only deceased patients and thus their recruitment in the survey did not influence their treatment.
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Senescence is the terminal phase of plant development that typically displays as a decline at the cell, tissue, organ, and whole plant levels . Leaf senescence is the main part of plant senescence, and is strictly controlled at the molecular level during plant development . In a controlled environment with sufficient nutrition and favorable growth conditions, leaf senescence depends on the leaf age and development stage of the plant . Leaf senescence is affected by both endogenous and exogenous factors, which regulate the expression of genes involved in the execution process of senescence, and eventually lead to the death of the whole plant . Furthermore, leaf senescence is regulated by a complex regulatory network composed of transcription factors, hormones, environmental factors, sugar metabolism, epigenetic regulation, and miRNA mediated regulation . Leaf senescence is not a completely passive and adverse biological process. During leaf senescence, macromolecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are broken down. The nutrients released from the catabolism of these macromolecules, as well as other nutrients, are recycled to new buds, young leaves, developing fruits, and seeds, which influence the yield of crops . Premature leaf senescence generally causes significant yield loss while delayed leaf senescence leads to increased grain production in many crop species .
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The physical experiments of isothermal compression for Ni80A superalloy were carried out on a Gleeble-3500 simulator. Based on the obtained optimal loading paths of strain rate in Table 5, the specimens were compressed to a true strain of 0.916 under the temperatures of 1348 K, 1373 K, 1398 K, 1423 K, and 1448 K, respectively. Similarly, the pressing speed was calculated based on the optimal loading path of strain rate in Table 5 according to Equation (4). After compression, the microstructures of these specimens were characterized using optical microscope technology. More of the experiment’s details were represented than in our previous work . Figure 17 exhibits the microstructures under these compression conditions. It was observed from Figure 17 that the finer grains were distributed uniformly in the microstructures, which indicated that the obtained optimal parameter–loading path could refine grains effectively. It was confirmed that the innovative method of parameter loading path design in the separated grain refinement domain was beneficial and practical to grain refinement.
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As such, it is reasonable that slight, sometimes pleasant sensory stimulations, as represented by olfactory stimuli, could drive quite subtle changes in the ANS activity, therefore requiring a comprehensive analysis of both ECG and GSR signals to be appreciated, at least in individuals with preserved sensory ability.
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Publication bias of selected studies was assessed by funnel plots separately for prevalence and incidence data, which showed broad asymmetric results (Figure A1 and Figure A2). Egger’s test results indicated that this asymmetry was not statistically significant (p < 0.48 and p < 0.42, respectively).
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Social problems: Questions used to assess social harm of drinking in the National Alcohol Surveys conducted by the Alcohol Research Group at Berkeley, USA and included those about getting into a heated argument while drinking, getting into a fight while drinking, prominent people from society (e.g. community elder) questioning or warning him because of his drinking, drinking contributing to him hurting or harassing someone else (emotionally, physically or sexually), getting into trouble because of drunk driving and being caught/ fined/threatened by the police or arrested for drunk driving (2001).
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The systematic review was undertaken following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines . The “PICO” strategy for systematic exploratory review guided the research question development . This study aimed to answer the following question: Is photodynamic therapy effective against cariogenic microorganisms? The PICO strategy was: P (cariogenic microorganisms), I (photodynamic therapy), C (non-photodynamic therapy applied), and O (microbial reduction).
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Study 2 revealed a significant interaction effect and simple main effects for ordinary and extraordinary prosocial behaviors on both morality and warmth. In addition, the results indicate that the effect of extraordinary prosocial behavior on trait evaluation was greater when the actor also engaged in ordinary prosocial behavior. Furthermore, the evaluation of the or-EX actor did not exceed the evaluation of OR-ex actor, and, with respect to morality, the OR-ex actor was evaluated higher than the or-EX actor. These results suggest that extraordinary prosocial behaviors are evaluated highly when the extraordinary prosocial actor also engages in ordinary prosocial behavior. Further, the evaluation of morality in either the OR-EX condition or the EX condition did not exceed that in the OR condition; however, the evaluation of warmth in the OR-EX and EX conditions was higher than that in the OR condition. These results suggest that engaging in extraordinary prosocial behaviors has added value when evaluating the warmth of the actor. In addition, there was no difference between the OR-EX and EX conditions in terms of either morality or warmth. This is consistent with the result of Study 1, that is, people infer that the extraordinary prosocial actors also perform ordinary prosocial behaviors.
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Two immortalized mammalian cell lines were used in this study. Human embryonic kidney HEK 293T and Jurkat cells were purchased from the ATCC (ATCC CRL3216 and ATCC TIB-152, respectively). Both cell lines were preserved as frozen stocks. HEK 293T cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Gemini) and 125 μM gentamicin. Jurkat cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% FBS, 100 U/mL penicillin, 100 μg/mL streptomycin, 2 mM glutamine, and 55 μM β-mercaptoethanol. To propagate cells, frozen 1-mL aliquots of each cell line were thawed rapidly in a 37°C water bath and added to 9 mL of their respective prewarmed media. After mixing gently, cells were centrifuged at 2,500 rpm for 5 min. The supernatant was discarded, and the cell pellet was resuspended gently in prewarmed medium and plated in an appropriately sized tissue culture plate. HEK 293T cells were subcultured when confluence was between 75 and 100%. Jurkat cells were passaged 1/10 when the cell concentration reached 1 × 106 cells/mL.
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Six- to eight-week-old female wild-type, OT-1 and OT-II mice on a C57BL/6 background were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME). All animal procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.
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Tissue microarrays were constructed from representative areas of formalin-fixed specimens collected from 1997 to 2005 in the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY. The tissue microarrays contained 82 squamous epithelium, 60 columnar cell metaplasia, 33 Barrett's esophagus, 38 low-grade dysplasia, 14 high-grade dysplasia, 108 esophageal adenocarcinoma, and 24 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Clinicopathologic data of the patients, including age, gender, TNM stage, histologic grade, and duration of survival, were obtained from the medical records. All patients' identifiers were removed. The study was approved by the institutional review board (Biomarkers of esophageal carcinoma, RSRB28546).
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The role of increased IL-10 levels is prominent in the development of clinical and immunological tolerance during VIT. Blockage of IL-10 in PBMC reconstitutes the specific proliferative and cytokine responses. This situation can also be seen in beekeepers who have received multiple bee stings (91). The presence of increased numbers of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg cells in the target organ, nasal mucosa, after grass pollen allergen immunotherapy suggests that Treg cells play an important for the development of allergen-specific immune tolerance (93). In a similar manner, VIT was found to be related to the progressive expansion of circulating CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg cell numbers (94). During all types of AIT a deviation toward a regulatory/suppressor T cell response has been reported (95). In a study by Nasser et al allergen-induced changes in cytokine mRNA and cellular profiles from cutaneous biopsies were compared before and 3 months after wasp VIT. There was a significant decrease in IL-4 mRNA and an increase in IL-10+ cells. Additionally a trend toward an increase in IL-10 mRNA was also observed (96). In another study by Schuerwegh et al, the effect of VIT on CD4+CD8+ T lymphocytes were evaluated before VIT, at the end of 5 days semi-rush VIT and at 6 months during VIT. A significant decrease in IL-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cell numbers, compared with cytokine-producing cells before VIT was observed by the end of 5 days semi-rush VIT. After 6 months of VIT, a higher amount of IL-2 and IFN-γ-producing CD4+CD8+ T lymphocytes has been found confirming a shift from Th2 to Th1 type immune deviation (81). IL-10 serum levels began to increase from the second day of VIT (78) and on day 28 of treatment, a desensitized condition has arisen in allergen-specific T cells associated with the direct suppressive effects of IL-10 (94).
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The study was conducted at Tanzania Agriculture Research Institute (TARI), Naliendele Agricultural Research Centre. TARI-Naliendele (10.3539° S, 40.1682° E) is situated at an altitude of 135 m above sea level. The mean monthly temperatures range between 24.3 °C in July and 27 °C in December while the mean annual total rainfall is between 820 and 1245 mm with a unimodal rainfall distribution. A dry spell of one to two weeks often occurs at the end of January or at the beginning of February. The soils at TARI-Naliendele are described as sandy loam with pH of 4.5. The prevailing temperatures and rainfall conditions of the test sites during the experiments are summarised in Table 1.Table 1Total monthly rainfall and mean maximum and minimum temperature of the test site during 2019 and 2020.Year20192020MonthTotal rainfall (mm)Mean maximum temperature (°C)Mean minimum temperature (°C)MonthTotal rainfall (mm)Mean maximum temperature (°C)Mean minimum temperature (°C)September1.032.021.0January289.830.824.7October20.232.222.8February198.431.524.4November55.732.224.1March300.732.024.1December229.931.624.2April102.732.323.9
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For schematic illustration, the substrate, made from the surface with apophysis, is where microspheres could be formed in the holes. The prepared substrate could fabricate microspheres with a diameter of 20 μm (Fig. S1†). In the hydrothermal environment, the liquid metal placed in the designed substrate would move upwards due to the capillary effect.13,14 The formation of a dense oxide film on its surface prevents further oxidation since gallium is easily oxidized in the presence of oxygen. When the liquid droplet reaches the equilibrium position, the ZnO layer, encasing EGaIn liquid metal, would react with the aqueous solution to start constructing petal-like nanostructures on the surface. At this point, small portions of EGaIn-ZnO microspheres would turn into porous structure. When the reaction proceeds, the EGaIn-ZnO microspheres could complete the transition from liquid to solid metal forming a hollow interlayer inside (Fig. 1a–c) The morphology of nanostructures on the surface was evaluated using SEM. Fig. 1d–i show the overall views of the prepared microspheres with various sizes. The size of microspheres is controlled by two factors: the size of the pore and the amount of liquid metal in the pore. Excess liquid metal would result in the internal liquid metal crowding out. However, when there is an inadequate amount of the EGaIn in the hole, the liquid metal droplet would remain in the cone. But the nanostructures could still be formed (Fig. S2†).
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Dexmedetomidine, an α-2 receptor agonist, has been described in human medicine in combination with other drugs (e.g., MgSO4) to achieve haemodynamic stability during phaeochromocytoma resection (1, 28–30). The activation of α-2 receptors leads to a dose-dependent reduction in plasma catecholamines since they take part in the regulation of noradrenaline release through a negative feedback mechanism (31). However, bradyarrhythmias have been described during dexmedetomidine use (32, 33). Perioperative dexmedetomidine CRI was originally foreseen but due to the drop in HR (most probably baroreceptor mediated) and presence of second-degree atrioventricular blocks, its administration was finally avoided, even though its administration could have helped in treating the subjacent cause.
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Before determining which species could be cultured from stool held in BIOME-Preserve, we first determined whether the additives in BIOME-Preserve harmed anaerobic organisms from human stool. We sequenced cultured cells from homogenized stool collected from donor 1 and from stool held in BIOME-Preserve for 1 hour. It is important to note that the 1-hour tube, unlike the other BIOME-Preserve tubes, was inoculated and held under anaerobic conditions to eliminate any harmful effects of temporary exposure to oxygen and ensure the only variables tested were the BIOME-Preserve additives.
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