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O último destino do navio havia sido o porto de Singapura, em 21 de janeiro de 2020. Nos últimos 30 dias, o navio havia atracado também no porto de Hong Kong (23 de janeiro) e em outros três portos da China: Yantian (22 de janeiro), Ningbo (19 de janeiro) e Xangai (17 de janeiro). Em 28 de janeiro de 2020, a China foi considerada área de livre transmissão do novo coronavírus, que provoca a doença COVID-19 (do inglês coronavirus disease 2019 ). Qualquer pessoa com sintomas respiratórios e febre e que tenha estado na China nos 14 dias prévios ao início dos sintomas era considerada caso suspeito1 , 2 .
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Higher spleen uptake was observed for [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-NNV003 compared to [89Zr]Zr-N-sucDf-NNV003 (5.6 vs. 2.1%ID/g; P < 0.05). Murine CD37 is expected to be expressed on B cells present in the spleen, however NNV003 is not cross-reactive with murine CD37. Furthermore, [89Zr]Zr-N-sucDf-NNV003 spleen uptake was similar to [111In]In-DTPA-IgG, indicating this uptake is not CD37-mediated. In mice, the spleen plays an important role in antibody pharmacokinetics due to its high blood flow and loose capillaries, but also due to the expression of Fcγ receptors. Therefore, differences in tracer spleen uptake are easily induced by slight differences in the immune status of mice18.
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Only one CPG mentioned the administration of anti-D for Rh negative woman as per routine antenatal care . One CPG advised increased monitoring for mental health complications in recognition of the increased incidence of postnatal depression in twin mothers, another recommended referring women with multiple pregnancies to additional support services but do not specify the services, and no other CPG focused on mental health as part of general antenatal care [36, 38]. Interestingly the South Australia CPG was the only one to recommend encouraging women with a multiple pregnancy to join a multiple birth specific association (South Australian Multiple Birth Association) .
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The current report suffers from several limitations. First, as the study design is cross-sectional, we cannot draw any conclusions about causality in reported associations. It may be that students with poor health were often those who performed poorly at school, and they tended to overstate their frustration regarding rewards. Yet, studies have shown that reverse causation is unlikely to account for findings in prospective study designs,4 and that additional adjustments for psychological characteristics such as negative affectivity or personality traits did not invalidate the reported associations.36 Second, the stability of the effort–reward imbalance questionnaire in school settings was not tested in this study, as it was in previous research on ERI at work.37 Third, despite the large sample included in this study, the results are restricted to selected schools of a large city in one country, China. It is not known whether they can be generalized to school settings in other countries. A large international study of school children, the WHO HBSC Study, documented significant variation in core conditions at schools across countries.16,17 Thus, further applications of this approach in other countries are needed, in addition to prospective studies.
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O parte dintre afecțiunile musculoscheletale la gravide apar datorită modificărilor de postură, care pe de o parte schimbă centrul gravitațional, iar pe de altă parte obligă femeia la poziții compensatorii pentru a-și menține echilibrul. Creșterea în volum a abdomenului și a glandelor mamare sunt modificările cele mai importante care obligă gravida la adoptarea unor modificări posturale, cele mai evidente fiind:
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Atât traumatismele directe, cât şi imobilizarea articulară pentru o fractură sau pentru alte cauze, determină de regulă, limitarea mobilităţii genunchiului. Pentru creşterea amplitudinii flexiei, se vor executa mobilizări pasive și active. Recuperarea flexiunilor este un obiectiv funcţional primordial, deoarece pierderea mobilităţii pe ultimele grade de extensie, privează genunchiul de stabilitatea în mers din momentul sprijinului.
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Образцы пшеницы для исследования поражения корневой гнилью. Исследования проводили в лабораторных условиях (вегетационный опыт – водные культуры) на проростках районированных сортов мягкой яровой пшеницы селекции Сибирского научно-исследовательского института растениеводства – филиала ИЦиГ СО РАН: Новосибирская 18, Новосибирская 44, Сибирская 21 и Омского АНЦ – Омская 18.
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The vibratory stimuli increased from 0 V until the subject first gradually sensed tiny synchronous prickle stimulations. Subsequently, the stimulation slowly was decreased until the subject reported the disappearance of the vibratory sensation. The rate of vibratory amplitude change was 0.1 V/second. The test was repeated 3 times, and all the critical values were recorded and averaged to estimate the sensory threshold of the glans penis and penile shaft. If the differences between two consecutive measurements at the same position were greater than 10%, they were tested again after a 5 minute interval. If the repeated test disparity was still greater than 10%, the subjects were excluded from this study to avoid possible subjects bias. The vibration frequency was fixed at 100 Hz, with a variable amplitude range of 0 to 72 μm. All procedures were performed by Dr. Yu who was blind to the sexual status of the participant by the same biothesiometer.
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All participants were screened with regard to medical history (i.e., smoking, alcohol consumption, and medical treatments). Current smokers were defined as those who currently smoke every day or some days and who reported having smoked over 100 cigarettes during their lifetimes. Alcohol consumption was defined as having up to 20–30 g of ethanol per day for men and up to 10–20 g of ethanol per day for women. Details of this survey have been reported previously . Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.
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Houve redução significativa do número absoluto de internações anuais por CP em 2017, em comparação com 1992. Em 1992, as internações por CP representaram 2,7/100 mil internações nos hospitais públicos brasileiros, ao passo que, em 2017, esse número foi reduzido a 1,7/100 mil internações, o que representa decréscimo de 36% (p<0,001) (Tabela 1). Levando em considerações os dados demográficos de cada região brasileira em 2017, houve 0,078 internação/100 mil pessoas na Região Norte, ao passo que, na Região Sul (mais desenvolvida economicamente), ocorreram 0,033 internação por 100 mil pessoas. Ao serem estratificadas por faixa etária, a maioria das internações foi de homens entre 50 e 69 anos de idade (Figura 2).
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We employed exponential random graph (ERG) analyses to examine the density of male elephant associations, the strength of clustering in these associations and to determine if males associated based on age similarity. We also performed ERG to confirm that males with similar raiding status were more associated than males with dissimilar raiding status as predicted by randomization tests. ERG analyses were performed on a directed binary elephant association network generated by connecting individuals (or nodes) with closest associates whose attributes we found to predict his raiding behaviour using randomization tests. An ERG model is used to express the probability (X) of observing a network (x) on a fixed set of nodes (N) as a function of certain network configurations or subgraphs. These network configurations, also called dependency structures or endogenous effects, are represented as parameters (θ) in the ERG model. The ERG model is expressed as Pr(X = x) = (1/κ) exp (∑ijθijzij(x)), where θij represents parameters i to j, zij (x) represents counts of configurations corresponding to model parameters i to j in the observed network (x), and κ is a normalizing constant . Individual male (node) attributes are incorporated into the ERG model as covariate parameters (y) so that the probability x is conditional on covariates y .
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Figure 6 shows an ultrastructural assay of representative regenerated nerves conducted using TEM. A relatively large fraction of the core in the regenerated nerve contained collagenous endoneurial connective tissue with macrophages which were proximity to Schwann cells with myelinated axons, indicating stimulation of inflammation is a pivotal factor to induce a regenerative response in axonal regeneration models. Figure 7 shows the representative cross-sections of the regenerated nerve specimen. As shown in the TEM photo, most of the images of regenerated nerves obtained from light microscopy displayed a similar ultrastructural organization among the four groups. The Schwann cells and blood vessels were interspersed among myelinated axons. However, we noted that three of the 10 regenerated nerves in the NGF group had an amorphous core which was wholly composed of a fibrin matrix, in which only blood vessels and Schwann cells were observed. Similarly, one of the eight regenerated nerves in the IL-4 group had such an immature ultrastructural organization. We noted that large deviations were seen in the regenerating nerve indicators, such as total nerve area, endoneurial area, axon number, and axon density (Table 2), resulting in no significant differences in the comparisons of these indicators among the four groups (Fig. 8). Fig. 6Ultrastructure image of regenerated sciatic nerve by TEM to show the macrophage (Mφ) and the myelinated axon (M). Scale bar = 2 μm Fig. 7Light micrographs of representative cross sections in regenerated nerves treated with different conduit fillings. Myelin sheath (M) of the regenerated axon was stained dark blue with the toluidine blue. Blood vessels (B) and Schwann cells (S) are interspersed among these axons. Scale bar = 20 μm Table 2Indicators of regenerating nervesTotal area (mm2)Endoneurial area (mm2)No. of axons (#)Density (#/ mm2)Group PBS0.330.2411404809.10.300.20253212,972.10.220.174312546.70.370.2310104483.8 Mean0.310.2112796203.0 SD0.060.038911622.0Group NGF0.210.0422569.20.200.021496565.20.500.30342611,328.30.100.0615149.90.420.2010975352.60.100.032337038.80.210.09111811,778.60.080.050.630.330.060.04 Mean0.250.128666111.8 SD0.200.1212264604.9Group IL-40.370.18258014,366.20.120.0651800.60.220.06137223,704.10.200.09129314,044.70.370.135604164.20.170.12285613.20.200.10158116,126.80.060.02 Mean0.210.10110310,545.7 SD0.110.058748807.9Group IFN-γ0.360.1527778548.10.290.15364623,858.70.260.096817890.9 Mean0.300.13236816,765.9 SD0.050.0415248131.7 Fig. 8Morphometric comparisons of regenerated nerves, including total area (mm2), endoneurial area (mm2), axon number (#), and axon density (#/mm2)
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EMSA vs. ELISA standardized effect sizes for PRE variants in NB and PC12 nuclear extracts and cultures. EMSA and ELISA results were used to generate Hedges pairwise g of comparisons of each mutant to wildtype PRE. Data was plotted with EMSA g on X axis and ELISA g on Y axis. Samples where both EMSA and ELISA signals were significantly different from wildtype at Bonferroni adjusted p < 0.05 are indicated with corresponding mutant names. Correlations were bootstrapped (repeats = 100000), and frequency distributions of correlation coefficients are presented as insets. A. EMSA Band I vs. ELISA in NB extract/cells. B. EMSA Band I vs. ELISA in PC12 extract/cells. C. EMSA Band II vs. ELISA in NB extract/cells. D. EMSA Band II vs. ELISA in PC12 extract/cells.
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Wnt/β-catenin signalling is necessary for maintenance and development of the structure and function of the BBB. In the present study, cerebral ischemia resulted in downregulation of the Wnt-3a and β-catenin proteins, while LMP2 inhibition rescued Wnt-3a and β-catenin protein expression in the LMP2-shRNA group compared with the control-shRNA group (P < 0.001) (Fig. 1d). These data suggest that inhibition of LMP2 enhances the abundance of BBB structural proteins, activates the Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway and improves BBB integrity.
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NR is a highly regulated enzyme that is regulated at a variety of levels, including transcriptional-level regulation and post-translational modification in response to various environmental stimuli. For instance, the activity of NR in plants changes rapidly in response to various environmental stimuli, such as nitrate, light, plant hormones, low temperature, and drought stress . Recent study on the interplay of persulfidation and phosphorylation of SnRK2.6 in Arabidopsis stomata regulation and drought tolerance provide a good example for understanding the regulatory mechanism of NR in response to environmental stimuli. Previous studies demonstrated that NR activity was controlled by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation in plant cells. This regulatory model allows the NR transformation between high activity and low activity state . Interestingly, both NIA1 and NIA2 protein was found in the Arabidopsis persulfidation proteome , revealing a new regulatory mechanism for NR functions. Here, our study showed that the persulfidation modification was detected in the OsNIA2 protein (Figure 6D,F), which is responsible for more than 90% NR activity in rice . Drought stress significantly induced persulfidation of NIA2 protein, while this could be further enhanced by NaHS pretreatment or overexpression of OsLCD1 (Figure 6F and Figure 7B). The drought stress or NaHS treatment triggers the persulfidation of NIA2 protein and thus inhibits its activity. These results demonstrated that NR activity was also controlled by H2S-mediated persulfidation in response to drought stress.
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Les fistules artério-veineuses doivent atteindre une certaine maturité au bout de quatre à six semaines avant le début du piquage en dialyse. Ce délai permet l'augmentation du diamètre, une exposition suffisante pour une ponction sécurisée et finalement un accroissement du débit dans la fistule qui doit atteindre au moins 600ml/min.
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A ausência de uma definição de asma com alta sensibilidade e especificidade que pudesse ser utilizada nas investigações epidemiológicas constituiu um desafio no estudo da doença 18 . O International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), idealizado na década de 1990, foi um marco no estudo epidemiológico da asma e de outras doenças alérgicas. Permitiu, pelo uso de questionários padronizados, comparações válidas de prevalência e gravidade da asma entre crianças e adolescentes de diferentes cidades e países 1 .
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Currently, the activity-based sensors used in the animal farming industry are optical or animal-attached sensors. While sensors attached directly to animals are difficult to manage, the sensitivity of optical sensors decreases in the presence of dirt or changes in the ambient lighting conditions. In cases where spatial distribution of the animal movement or the activity is irrelevant, Manteuffel has demonstrated that simple stationary sensors to measure animal activity can be beneficial due to easy signal interpretation requiring little computational power. Soon, doppler-based radar sensors will find new avenues in the dairy cow guided gate system to measure the cow’s heart rate and breathing pattern before entering the rotor milking machines.
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a The interaction between CAPN1 and T287-phosphorylated CaMKII (p-CaMKII). b The interaction between CAPN1 and CaMKII. The I/R whole cell lysates served as the input and normal IgG served as a negative control to pull-down the CAPN1 in the IgG group. GAPDH served as a loading control. Values are expressed as the percentage of the control group values. Each bar represents the mean ± SEM. Western blots were performed in five independent biological experiments and for three technical replicates per sample. *P < 0.05, ##, **P < 0.01. AAV-V AAV vector, CaMKII-M AAV expressing mutant CaMKIIδC T287A, IB immunoblot, IP immunoprecipitation, I/R ischemia/reperfusion.
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Commonly used wound care dressing materials include films, hydrogels, hydrofibers, and foams, with each class having distinct advantages and disadvantages . However, current wound treatment concepts as well as products are based mainly on the application of natural or artificial scaffolds to mimic the structural environment of the intact human dermis [8, 9]. These scaffolds include but are not limited to a range of dermal matrices and alginate dressings as well as materials and composites such as chitosan/PLA , PVA/alginate , cellulose/collagen , and silk . Despite the progress that has been made with artificial dressings, most of the commercially available cell adhesion–promoting scaffolds contain collagen , which has the potential to transmit pathogens or to elicit hypersensitivity . In addition, wound care based on the application of such scaffolds is usually very expensive . Due to their good biocompatibility, polyurethanes (PURs) have been of great interest in the medical field in recent years; this has ultimately led to the introduction of biodegradable PU scaffolds [17–21]. However, a slow degradation velocity (>several weeks to months for complete degradation) of these scaffolds limits their potential use for the treatment of skin wounds. The mechanisms for increased degradation are rather unknown , and therefore, the goal of parallel scaffold degradation and new tissue formation has not been able to be achieved to date.
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Die Analyse und Gestaltung des Kundenerlebnisses ist ein kritischer Erfolgsfaktor, um langfristig profitable Kundenbeziehungen aufzubauen und zu erhalten. Inzwischen haben viele Flughäfen verstanden, dass der Aufbau von Kundenbeziehungen immer wichtiger wird. In der Entwicklung hin zu einer kundenorientierteren Strategie stehen Flughäfen jedoch vor einer zentralen Herausforderung: Der Kontakt mit den Passagieren bzw. Endkunden besteht vielmehr durch die Airlines und nicht durch den Flughafen selbst als Infrastrukturbetreiber .
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Las ETD comprenden un grupo de entidades nosológicas que se distinguen por estar directamente relacionadas con malas condiciones de vida (residentes de zonas rurales remotas, barrios marginales, grupos étnicos relegados o zonas de conflicto), con acceso inadecuado a los servicios de salud, la educación, al agua potable y al saneamiento básico, y con ambientes tropicales. Estas características concentran los casos de forma casi exclusiva en poblaciones de bajos recursos de países en desarrollo y ocasionan importantes gastos a sus economías (1–4).
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In this study, we use 15 years of data on the facultative cooperatively breeding Seychelles warbler Acrocephalus sechellensis to study associations between actuarial senescence and cooperative breeding. The Seychelles warbler population on Cousin Island provides a useful model system in which to study this as individuals are followed throughout their entire lives;21 The majority of individuals (>96% since 1997) have been individually colour-ringed and are monitored annually, and inter-island dispersal is extremely rare, allowing for accurate measures of survival22–24. Senescent declines in survival occur in the Seychelles warbler25,26, but whether helpers offset such late-life declines in survival has not yet been investigated. In the Seychelles warbler, telomere shortening—a measure that has been shown to reflect biological ageing in various organisms27,28—predicts survival26 and reflects physiological costs29–31. Each year, about half of the ca 115 territories contain one to five sexually mature subordinates in addition to the dominant breeding pair. Some (20% of males and 42% of females (this study)) of these subordinates act as helpers and provide alloparental care (max. three helpers per territory) and assist in incubation (females only) and provisioning offspring32,33. In response to being helped, dominants reduce their incubation attendance (this study) and provisioning rate34 (but see ref. 32), but still gain increased reproductive success35. As the majority of helpers are female, only female helpers incubate, and provisioning rates of female helpers are generally higher than those of male helpers35–37, we expect dominants to benefit more from having female helpers.
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An analysis of the oscillatory component was performed as shown in Fig. 4(b). The solid curves indicate the fitting results. The evaluated dephasing rates are listed in Table 2. The rate increases by CW excitation and the value is saturated at 3 mW. The carriers generated by the CW laser are incoherent; therefore the interaction with excitons generated by the resonant pulse causes exciton dephasing. That is, the non-exciton components pumped by the broadband pulse also induce exciton dephasing, which increases the dephasing rate of the quantum beat. There is a possibility that the phonon scattering induced by the broadband pulse excitation increases the quantum beat dephasing. It is difficult to perfectly deny this factor. However, considering the temperature dependence of the dephasing rate18, which does not agree with that of the thermal phonons, the contribution of the phonon is very small. Moreover, although the number of the carriers generated by the CW 1 mW excitation is small, the large change of the dephasing rate was observed. We consider that this fact supports elimination of the factor of phonon scattering.
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Based on the current findings, the intercorrelated three-factor model fit the data best. These results are similar to previous factor-analytic studies that report multidimensional factor structures for other self-report measures including the HADS , the BDI-II , and the CES-D . This provides support for the tripartite model as well as previous research , and suggests that the DSS can be used in research as a multidimensional scale with three distinct factors related to general psychological distress including somatic, depressive, and anxiety symptoms. This conclusion differs from that of Kandel and Davies , who suggested that the DSS is unidimensional. Nonetheless, these studies differed in several important ways. First, NDIT was conducted with a large non-clinical sample of adolescents (n = 527), in contrast to the small clinical sample of adolescents (n = 29) in the earlier study . Second, NDIT participants were asked to report symptoms in the last 3 months, whereas participants in Kandel and Davies’ studies reported symptoms in the last year. Third, NDIT participants completed the scale repeatedly over time, which may have increased familiarity with the items in the scale and reduced unrelated sources of test difficulty . Increasing familiarity and precision (as indicated by higher Cronbach’s coefficients over time) may have resulted in improved differentiation of the dimensions of distress in the current study. Fourth, a 4-point response scale was used in the current study, while a 3-point response scale was used in Kandel and Davies’ study. Last, the current study used analytic techniques geared toward ordinal values, whereas Kandel and Davies treated the data as continuous despite having a Likert scale with three response categories. Therefore, additional research using CFA is needed to verify whether the current findings can be replicated in other samples that vary in age, sample source (e.g., patients, community sample), and frequency of administration.
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Von 761 untersuchten Teilnehmenden der eingeschlossenen Studien erhielten 389 eine digital gestützte Interventionsform. Alle RCT unterteilten ihre Studienpopulation in eine Interventions- und eine Kontrollgruppe. Eingesetzte Medien in der Experimentalgruppe waren digitale Armbänder, Smartphones und Telefone, Computer sowie Tablets. Die Kontrollgruppe erhielt entweder keine Unterstützung, Empfehlungen zu einem gesunden Lebensstil, Tagebücher und Arbeitsblätter zur Dokumentation, regelmäßige Besuche bei Adipositasspezialist:innen ohne digitalen Einfluss oder befand sich auf der Warteliste, um das Programm nach Abschluss der primären Interventionsdauer zu durchlaufen. Angaben zur Programmadhärenz wurden in einer Studie aufgeteilt auf spezifisch genutzte Medien gemacht .
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Theanine is an abundant non-protein-derived amino acid in the tea plant. Many of these amino acids are involved in producing the distinctive aroma and taste of tea, and theanine has been linked with the umami flavor of tea . Theanine biosynthesis starts from glutamine and pyruvate, and involves glutamine synthetase (GS), glutaminase (GLS), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), arginine decarboxylase (ADC), and theanine synthetase (TS) (Fig. 8a). Theanine biosynthesis occurs in the buds, leaves, and roots of tea plants . Six GS unigenes were identified, five of which were globally expressed in all tested tissues. The other one (c3234014.0.1) was specific to the apical buds and the second leaves (Fig. 8b). ALT converts pyruvate to alanine, and six ALT unigenes were found, each having a unique expression profile. Two ALT unigenes (c147474.0.1 and c147474.0.2) were highly expressed in all 13 tissues. Three other ALT unigenes (c110810.0.1, c110810.0.2, and c79273.0.1) were expressed only in the second leaves, and one (c88539.0.1) was expressed in the first and the second leaves. The substrate ethylamine is derived from the decarboxylation of alanine by ADC . In this study, 27 putative ADC unigenes were identified, of which 20 had the same expression profiles among the different tissues. These unigenes may represent products of the same gene generated through alternative splicing. TS is unique in tea plants, and nine candidate TS unigenes were identified in our database. In addition, two of them (c16478.0.1 and c87293.0.1) were homologous to GS. While three TS unigenes (c16478.0.1, c161936.0.1, and c87293.0.1) were expressed in all the examined tissues, the other six unigenes had distinct expression patterns. Among them, two TS unigenes (c145576.0.1 and c145576.0.2) were expressed in the second leaves, and one (c150552.0.1) was found in most tissues, with the exception of one and a bud and old leaves. The other three unigenes (c1116002.0.1, c155564.2.1, and c141640.0.1) had specific expression patterns in different tissues (Fig. 8b). Thus, we identified and profiled a more complete set of genes that is essential in the theanine biosynthetic pathway, including the TSs, which were missed in previous studies .Fig. 8Putative theanine biosynthetic pathway in C. sinensis. a The theanine biosynthetic pathway. The blue numbers in the brackets following each gene name indicate the numbers of unigenes. GS, glutamine synthetase; GLS, glutaminase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ADC, arginine decarboxylase; TS, theanine synthetase. b Expression levels of candidate theanine biosynthetic unigenes expressed in different tissues. The tissues are listed horizontally, and the unigenes are listed vertically. The corresponding gene names from public transcript databases are listed on the right. All of the RPKM (reads per kilobase per million reads) values of the unigenes are shown as logarithms. Pearson correlation was used when genes in rows were clustered, and the maximum distance was used when tissues in columns were clustered
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Ce personnel, formé à ces trois missions clés, des missions ne tolérant aucune forme d´amateurisme ou d´improvisation, est directement supervisé par leurs agences de greffe, affecté et déployé en réseaux « locaux, régionaux et national », couvrant l´ensemble des lits de réanimation de tous leurs territoires nationaux, avec une permanence disponible 24 heures/24 et 7 jours/7.
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Diese Muschel ist von weisser Farbe, ungleichschalig, ungleichseitig und in ihren Umrissen von der Gestalt eines schief gestellten, ungleichseitigen Viereckes. Die Wirbel liegen in der vorderen Hälfte der Schale. Der schief abwärts geneigte vordere Oberrand ist muldenförmig vertieft (Abgrenzung der lunula) und geht unter einem rechten Winkel direct in den Unterrand über, welcher stumpfwinkelig ist (mit der Spitze in der Mitte) und rückwärts wieder beiläufig unter einem rechten Winkel in den hinteren, convex gekrümmten Oberrand sich fortsetzt. Von einem Vorder- und Hinterrand ist also hier nicht zu reden.
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In this article, we attempt to mainly assess possible risk factors for BTB in cattle and humans in rural Ethiopia. We also present briefly the results of a representative multistage cluster sample survey on BTB prevalence in cattle from four regions of Ethiopia for better understanding of the context.
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Since the incremental motion of the tumor is small , we can also limit the sampling bounds using the maximum translational and rotational motion constraints typical for tumor motion. This not only improves the tracking accuracy but also stabilizes the tumor trajectories by removing possible jitters.
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Mucin 16 (MUC16), as the glycoprotein with the highest massive molecule weight in the mucin family, is a critical biomolecule to maintain the intracellular balance and protect the epithelium . It is expressed in a variety of tumor cells and involved in the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells. Studies have shown that 80% EOC express MUC16, and its extracellular segment is cut and released in the peripheral blood to be a well-known tumor marker, namely CA125 . Therefore, we believe that MUC16 is an ideal antigenic target for CAR molecules.
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Eine simple Deutung für die desolate Lage lieferte der damalige Chefideologe der Muslimbruderschaft: Sayyid Qutb. Sein Traktat ‚Unser Kampf mit den Juden‘ gilt als ein Schlüsseltext des Islamismus und hat maßgeblich zu einer Popularisierung des islamisierten Antisemitismus beigetragen (Tibi 2017, S. 122–129). Qutb lieferte eine klare Feindbildkonstruktion. Schuld an der Misere seien ‚die Juden‘. Sie hätten sich seit Mohammeds Ankunft in Medina gegen den Islam verschworen und würden sich erst mit seiner Zerstörung zufriedengeben. Qutb konstruiert die Idee einer ewigen Feindschaft zwischen Islam und Judentum, der zugleich ein kosmischer Kampf zwischen Gut und Böse ist – wobei ‚die Juden‘ das Böse schlechthin verkörpern. Unterschiede zwischen der israelischen Regierung, der israelischen Gesellschaft, dem Zionismus und dem Judentum werden nicht gemacht (Becker 2020, S. 80–81; Küntzel 2020; Jikeli 2019, S. 65; Tibi 2017, S. 129). Nachdem im Zuge des Sechs-Tagekrieges (1967) ein weiterer Versuch Israel von der Landkarte zu tilgen scheiterte, verbreitete das saudische Königshaus die Schriften Qutbs in der islamischen Welt (Bauer 2018, S. 26). Seine Schrift hat auch deshalb das Denken islamistischer Denker:innen – und zwar weit über die Kernländer der islamischen Welt hinaus – stark geprägt (Jikeli 2015, S. 204–205). Der von ihm popularisierte ‚islamisierte Antisemitismus‘ gehört bis heute zur Kernideologie der Muslimbruderschaft. Al-Qaradawi vertritt die Auffassung, dass ein Dialog mit Jüd:innen nur mit ‚Schwertern‘ und ‚Gewehren‘ möglich ist (Tibi 2017, S. 122). Im TV-Sender Al-Jazeera bezeichnete er Adolf Hitler als einen Gesandten Allahs (Küntzel 2020). Mehr als das: Die Ideen von Qutb sind praxisrelevant geworden, so finden sich z. B. in der Charta der jihadistischen Hamas viele Bezüge zu seinem antisemitischen Traktat (Wyss 2020, S. 73–75).
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Um zu begreifen, wie der Zusammenbruch dieses Ökosystems der komplexen Lebensgemeinschaft aus Mensch und Mikroben zu Krankheiten führt, müssen wir verstehen, wie die unterschiedlichen Mikroben untereinander und mit unseren Zellen interagieren. Bislang gingen die Zellbiologen davon aus, dass unsere Zellen Signale aus der unmittelbaren Umgebung direkt über ihre Zellwand empfangen und prozessieren. Dafür sind ihre Oberflächen gespickt mit Sensoren und Rezeptoren. Aus dem oben Gesagten geht nun hervor, dass die meisten Epithelien und natürlich auch unsere Hautoberfläche von einer komplexen Gemeinschaft von Bakterien besiedelt sind (Abb. 2). Viele der Signale, die aus der Umwelt ankommen, mag es sich um UV-Strahlen, Nahrung, Temperatur, Bruchstücke und Moleküle von anderen Zellen und vieles andere mehr handeln, werden daher zunächst durch das Mikrobiom gefiltert, bevor sie die Außenmembran unserer Zellen erreichen. Das Mikrobiom dient damit als lebender und schützender Filter zwischen unseren Epithelien und der Umwelt.
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La maladie de Behçet (MB) est une vascularite systémique fréquente dans les pays méditerranéens [1, 2]. L'atteinte vasculaire est une complication rare au cours de cette pathologie . Elle représente un des modes d'expression de la maladie . Nous rapportons un cas rare d'anévrisme d'une branche de l'artère mésentérique supérieure (AMS) révélant la MB et illustrant les difficultés du diagnostic étiologique.
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De acordo com Rigo et al., no período de 2010 a 2014, no mesmo município da presente pesquisa, houve prevalência elevada de fluorose dentária nos escolares.(29) A severidade de fluorose encontrada foi leve e muito leve, porém a alta prevalência esteve associada com o sexo feminino e a fonte de água.(30) Os resultados indicaram a necessidade de atenção para estas comunidades, estabelecendo as formas de acesso ao flúor, pois a população pode estar tendo um consumo elevado do fluoreto em suas várias formas de apresentação.(31) Esse fato é importantíssimo para a vigilância em saúde bucal da localidade e para um conhecimento adequado sobre o diagnóstico da fluorose pelos cirurgiões-dentistas e acadêmicos de Odontologia, uma vez que frequências de fluorose mais altas que as esperadas têm sido encontradas no município de Passo Fundo (RS), assim como em outros estudos importantes no Brasil.(32)
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Effective colonization on plant roots is crucial for the biocontrol of soil-borne plant diseases by BCA (Ye et al., 2020). Before a species can be selected as a BCA, the level of root colonization must be determined. It must be able to compete favorably against other microbes to be able to exert its influence on the host plants. Coombs and Franco (2003) demonstrated the endophytic colonization of GFP-labeled Streptomyces sp. EN27 was observed from a very early stage of plant development with colonization of the embryo, endosperm, and emerging radicle of wheat. Chen et al. (2016) reported that the abundant colonization of young lettuce seedlings by the EGFP-labeled S. exfoliatus FT05W demonstrated Streptomyces’ capability to interact with the host from early stages of seed germination and root development. In this study, CLSM observation indicated that XN-04 began to colonize the roots of young cotton seedlings at 2days after inoculation (Figure 6). The strain XN-04 quantity in cotton root surrounding soil reached a level of 1.33×106cfu/g root at 7days after inoculation (Supplementary Table S10). This finding suggests that XN-04 was well adapted to the rhizosphere soil environment.
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Wichtig ist, dass auf die Datenübertragung eine stringente Handlungskonsequenz folgt. Fehlt diese, sind keine signifikanten Verbesserungen im klinischen Verlauf festgestellt worden [9, 10]. Die Arbeitsgruppe 33 Telemonitoring der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie, Herz- und Kreislaufforschung e. V. hat hierzu konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen erarbeitet . Diese Empfehlungen für standardisierte Handlungskonsequenzen beinhalten beispielsweise bei einer Herzrhythmusstörung (ICD-Schock) eine unmittelbare Kontaktaufnahme mit dem Patienten und die Einbestellung des Patienten zur Kontrolle, wobei der Zeitplan dem klinischen Zustand des Patienten angepasst werden kann.
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Regarding the first mechanism in the SDM, incoming information is linked to previously established discourse. This process is modulated by the parser's anticipation of an upcoming word, which is not just a function of the lexical-semantic distance between the word and the potential anchor expression in discourse (cf. e.g., Federmeier and Kutas, 1999), but is also contingent on extra-lexical factors such as co-textual expectations (van Berkum et al., 1999) or discourse salience (e.g., topicality in Hung and Schumacher, 2012), and prosodic cues (Heim and Alter, 2006; Toepel et al., 2009; Schumacher and Baumann, 2010; Baumann and Schumacher, 2012). As such, this process represents the attempt of connecting to what has been uttered before in a coherent manner. If the most anticipated expression is encountered, linking attempts are cheap; if the upcoming referential expression deviates from the expected one on a variety of factors, processing demands accrue, resulting in a more pronounced N400. Crucially, the nature of the N400 has been subject to much debate. It has been associated with expectation (Kutas and Hillyard, 1980), lexical activation (Federmeier and Kutas, 1999), or postlexical integration (Brown and Hagoort, 1993). In the following, we explore expectation-based parsing, namely the reduction of processing cost for an expected new NP and the question which cues affect the generation of expectations.
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Relative changes in cellular NADP+ levels were measured by fluorescence polarization, using the Apollo-NADP+ probe15. Briefly, 7.5 × 104 HAP1 cells expressing Apollo-NADP+ were seeded overnight in 96-well (black wall/clear bottom) format. The next day, fluorescence polarization was measured with a microplate reader (PHERAstar FS, BMG Labtech) equipped with a fluorescence polarization filter (430 nm excitation, 480 nm emission). Then, 100 µM H2O2 was added in a final volume of 200 µl and the probe response monitored. Polarization values were calculated as P = [(I∥ − G × I⊥)/(I∥ + G × I⊥)]. The compensation factor (G) was set automatically dependent on fluorescence gain settings. Polarization values are expressed as mP values.
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We divide the problem into the aspects of “Precision” and “Trueness” . Precision must be ensured for our purpose, and averaging does this effectively. In contrast, trueness is not so important and the extra complex circuitry can be a disadvantage from the viewpoint of measurement speed.
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În cazul conţinutului de grupe carboxilice din copolimeri, gradul de umflare al hidrogelurilor creşte cu creşterea pH-ului mediului, datorită repulsiilor electrostatice dintre formele ionizate ale grupelor carboxilice. Diferenţele în gradul de umflare pot fi explicate pe seama pH-ului: în mediu acid grupările –COOH ale copolimerilor sunt nedisociate iar în mediu bazic sunt disociate. În stare disociată, au loc repulsii electrostatice între grupele carboxilice anionice, determinând distanţarea acestora şi creşterea volumului ocupat de moleculele de apă, fenomenul conduce la un grad de umflare mai mare.
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The purpose of training the proposed DNN model is to optimize the hyperparameters with given training datasets, from which we can achieve the optimized DNN models. The optimal hyperparameters are obtained during the training process using random search technique by fitting observed models with training dataset to find which is the optimal model. The optimal DNN model will produce a minimum normalized MSE loss and the highest R2 value. The range of different hyperparameters of the proposed model is presented in Table 2, in which hyperparameters such as activation function, number of hidden layers and number of hidden neurons in each layer, optimized algorithms which are applied to update weights and biases, and its learning rate as well as momentum, and L2 regularization factor.
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Oesophageal cancer can be subdivided into two main histological types: adenocarcinoma (OAC), normally affecting the lower third of the oesophagus and often preceded by Barrett’s oesophagus (BO), a recognised pre-malignant condition, and squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), affecting the upper two-thirds of the oesophagus 3. The risk factors for OSCC include smoking and alcohol consumption, whereas for OAC, obesity, Caucasian race, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), smoking, poor high-fat diet, and family history are widely recognised risk factors 4. Historically, OSCC has been the most prevalent subtype; however, particularly in developed countries such as the UK, the USA, and Australia, it has now been superseded by OAC 5. This is likely a result of the increase in GORD caused by obesity and poor diet, which directly contributes to the development of BO. The relative risk of OAC in BO patients was found to be 11.3 6; this is comparable to the risk of breast cancer in first-degree relatives with a BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation with breast cancer 7.
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Different pathogens may employ similar pathogenic strategies, using shared virulence factors. Py. insidiosum contained 1,820 proteins that matched known virulence factors25. Among the top-ranking putative virulence proteins of Py. insidiosum (E-value, 0.0; Table 2), only the urease (Ure1) was unmatched in the NCBI reference proteins of humans (taxid: 9606), suggesting Ure1 as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target. The LC-MS/MS-derived peptides mapped throughout the Ure1 sequence (Table 2; Fig. 6b), indicating that Ure1 was actually expressed. Because Py. insidiosum had one copy of the urease-encoding gene (Ure1) in its genome, the positive result of the urease test (Fig. 6d) was probably due to urease activity of the Ure1 protein. In pathogenic bacteria and fungi (i.e. Helicobacter pylori and Cr. neoformans), urease hydrolyses host urea to ammonia, in order to counteract the acidic environment, inhibit immune responses or destroy host tissue37–39. The Py. insidiosum urease Ure1 protein shares significant sequence similarity and domain architecture with the Cr. neoformans URE1 (Fig. 6a,c). Functional characterisation of Ure1 (i.e. gene cloning and expression, loss-of-function study by gene silencing and pathogenicity study in an animal model) is underway to investigate whether this enzyme is involved in the pathogenesis of Py. insidiosum.
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Un problema particolarmente rilevante è rappresentato dalla progressione della NAFLD in NASH e quindi in cirrosi, nonché il rischio di insorgenza di epatocarcinoma, che può verificarsi frequentemente anche negli stadi pre-cirrotici. I fattori determinanti la progressione da steatosi semplice a NASH non sono stati ancora completamente chiariti; di conseguenza, allo stato attuale non è possibile predire con certezza l’evoluzione della patologia. È stato riportato che lo stress ossidativo possa giocare un ruolo fondamentale nel determinare il danno epatocitario e quindi possa favorire tale progressione .
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Al escribir este artículo ya existen otras iniciativas de instituciones tanto públicas como privadas relativas a la redacción de informes de ETS y es patente el interés en colaborar con las Autoridades de manera que sus actividades sean complementarias en un campo de acción que aún ha de ser explotado.
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Respecto a la situación después de la pandemia (cuadro 2), el 25,6% de las respuestas promedio de los países consideró que después de 3 meses los servicios aún mostrarían un retroceso considerable en comparación con la situación que existía antes de la pandemia, mientras el 46,9% opinó que la situación volvería al nivel anterior o a una situación mejor en ese lapso. Este pronóstico mejoró con vista a los 12 meses: el 58,7% opinó que los servicios volverían al nivel anterior a la pandemia o mejorarían. No obstante, se debe resaltar el hecho de que una proporción considerable de los encuestados dentro de cada país estimó que los servicios seguirían con una menor cobertura tanto a los 3 como a los 12 meses (53,1% y 41,3%, respectivamente). Estas consideraciones se confirman con los datos relevados durante la pandemia sobre la interrupción de servicios de salud tanto en el mundo como en la Región de las Américas (15–17).
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This figure shows an 8 mm group thoracic 3D reconstruction after 2 weeks of operation. (A) 3D reconstruction of the thoracic bony structure, and the porosis can be seen (red arrow). (B) 3D reconstruction of lung tissues, and the collapse of partial lung tissues can be seen (green arrow). (C) Reconstruction of the contents in the entire thorax, and the collapse of partial thorax can be seen (yellow arrow). (D) 3D reconstruction of the entire thorax
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Finally, since a history of substance abuse was not consistently reported in the reviewed studies we cannot exclude that potential relations between substance abuse, specific antipsychotic exposure and BG volumes may account for some of the variability between studies.
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It has been demonstrated that mammalian tissues (including blood and muscles) possess inherent nitrate/nitrite reductase activity . The reduction of NO2− to bioactive NO• occurs through acidification or by the involvement of several NO2− reductases including haem globins (haemoglobin, myoglobin, neuroglobin, cytoglobin), molybdenum-containing enzymes (xanthine oxidoreductase, aldehyde oxidase) and ETC (Q-cycle and cytochrome-c oxidase) in mitochondria .
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W podejmowaniu decyzji diagnostyczno-terapeutycznych u dzieci z kaszlem przewlekłym zaleca się stosowanie algorytmów pediatrycznych . Są one pomocne w szybszym ustaleniu prawidłowego rozpoznania i przyczyniają się do wcześniejszego włączenia właściwego leczenia i poprawy jakości życia [2, 4]. Wyróżniono tzw. „czerwone flagi” („red flags”) celem łatwiejszej identyfikacji pacjentów wymagających pilnego leczenia. Najczęściej używanym jest algorytm zaproponowany przez American College of Chest Physicians na podstawie A. Chang et al. . W oparciu o ten algorytm poniżej przedstawiamy schemat stosowany w naszym ośrodku (ryciny 4 i 5).
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Here, the human TCRαβ+ CD8αα+ CD10+ PD-1+ IELp population was further studied. It was assessed whether immature and mature thymic subpopulations could be identified and whether specific markers could be defined that were stably expressed and possibly lineage defining. Furthermore, the proliferative and cytotoxic capacity of the population was investigated.
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Moral judgment task. The target stimuli in the present study were eight high-conflict personal moral dilemmas, and we added eight low-conflict personal moral dilemmas to reduce repetition. The high-conflict moral dilemma scenarios: were Crying Baby, Footbridge, Sophie's Choice, Vitamins, Lawrence of Arabia, Submarine, Bomb, and Preventing the Spread. The low-conflict personal moral dilemmas were the same as in Experiment 1.
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In the breast cancer cohort, the study assessed if the effect of FEC-T (5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide and docetaxel) neoadjuvant treatment on [18F]ICMT-11 uptake correlated with blood cytokeratin-18 assessment and biopsy-derived caspase-3/7 tissue expression following chemotherapy. Patients were divided into early (24–48 h) and late (2–14 days) imaging post-chemotherapy. Cytokeratin-18 analysis in blood samples showed that therapy was predominantly not apoptosis in nature. The majority of breast cancer patients in the study showed a dominant necrotic or mixed apoptotic/necrotic signature phenotype, which may explain the lack of a predominant apoptotic signal on PET and histology.
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总之，肿瘤微环境中的关键分子与肿瘤细胞相互作用，共同促进着肿瘤的侵袭和转移。任何可能的预后意义均不与单个免疫信号直接相关，而是与宿主抗肿瘤免疫反应和肿瘤介导的免疫抑制之间的总体平衡有关。TAMs与PD-L1或许能成为预测NSCLC术后总生存的预测因子。本研究中TNM分期与患者预后无关，产生差异的原因在于病例非连续入组，存在选择偏倚，近年来对于NSCLC根治术后预防复发转移的治疗方法多样且复发转移后治疗方法不同，影响患者预后。本研究随访资料还不完善，病例数较少后续仍然需要扩大样本量进行进一步研究，从而更深入地认识和解释这种机制。
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Erst langsam wächst ein Bewusstsein hierfür. Angesichts dieser Erkenntnis sollten politische Maßnahmen gezielt auch diese Personengruppen unterstützen. Ein Ausbau der psychologischen Beratungsstellen, Familienbildungsstätten und ambulanten sowie stationären Therapieplätze wäre eine Möglichkeit, die Risikogruppen zu begleiten. Ebenso ist der Ausbau niederschwelliger, digitaler Hilfsangebote sicherlich eine Maßnahme, mit der man junge Menschen gut direkt erreichen könnte. Und schließlich können sicherlich auch Eltern noch besser dabei unterstützt werden, ihre Kinder im Umgang mit den Einschränkungen zu begleiten .
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To induce ischemia and oxidative stress and to assess neovascularization, a previously described hindlimb ischemia model was used with minor modifications4142. Ischemia was induced by ligation of the proximal femoral artery and boundary vessels of the mice. No later than 6 h after surgery, PBS, MSCs, TUDCA-treated MSCs, and TUDCA-treated MSCs with scramble or human PrP gene (PRNP) small interfering RNA (siRNA) were injected intramuscularly into the ischemic thigh area (5 × 105 cells/80 μL PBS per mouse; n = 5 for each group). Cells were injected into four ischemic sites. Blood perfusion was investigated by measuring the ratio of blood flow in the ischemic (left) limb to that in the non-ischemic (right) limb on postoperative days 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 using laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI; Moor Instruments, Wilmington, DE).
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The RF algorithm developed in this study provided significant insight on feature importance in both patient journey stages. It should be noted that the RF algorithms, like many other machine learning algorithms, are open to improvement through tuning parameters to provide better accuracy. Although we applied grid search analysis for tuning, future studies may benefit more from thorough optimization of the hyper-parameters to identify their best possible combination to provide more accurate predictions. Future studies can also evaluate supervised and unsupervised algorithms to explore their accuracy in predicting patient satisfaction drivers.
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The PLOS Data policy requires authors to make all data underlying the findings described in their manuscript fully available without restriction, with rare exception (please refer to the Data Availability Statement in the manuscript PDF file). The data should be provided as part of the manuscript or its supporting information, or deposited to a public repository. For example, in addition to summary statistics, the data points behind means, medians and variance measures should be available. If there are restrictions on publicly sharing data—e.g. participant privacy or use of data from a third party—those must be specified.
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The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with a relative humidity of 50-75% and temperatures ranging from 20 to 35°C. The plants were watered daily and fertilized every 3 weeks with 50 ml per pot of Hoagland solution containing 1/2 phosphate throughout the experimental period. Plants were grown for 10 weeks before salinization treatment. Then, three levels (0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl) of saline solution were added to the corresponding pots for 7 days (15 ml/day; a total of 105 ml was added). The electrical conductivity values were 1.12, 5.63, and 8.95 dS m-1 for the growth substrate treated with 0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl, respectively. After an additional 3 weeks of growth, the plants were harvested.
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It was observed that severity of COVID-19 is associated with the polymorphisms of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expressing genes . Studies showed that Asians showed higher expression of ACE2 gene and that might made them more vulnerable to COVID-19 than African and Caucasian races [55, 56]. As the expression of TMPRSS2 is regulated by androgen, it can have a potential role in the male predominance of the infection [24, 25, 57]. The absence of androgen in preadolescents can be a reason behind the low incidence in this age group .
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The provision of health and care in Australia is fragmented, like other international healthcare systems, particularly in the United Kingdom and United States . Services are delivered by multiple public and private providers, funded through a mix of federal and state governments and private entities with discrete goals and responsibilities. The Federal government supports primary care through patient fee subsidies for GP and allied health services, and locally commissioned primary care initiatives through Primary Health Networks (PHNs). The NSW state government funds Local Health Districts (LHDs) to deliver secondary and tertiary health care services in community and hospital settings.
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The Cultural Care Diversity and Universality theory has been selected as a framework to support analysis of the cultural aspects that emerged during the interviews in a multicultural environment and with nurses of diverse origins . The Saudi Arabian health care system relies on expatriate physicians and nurses who comprise more than 80% of its total work force . Health care staff from diverse cultures bring a variety of experiences to the practice settings . The central purpose of the theory of Cultural Care Diversity and Universality is to “discover and explain diverse and universal culturally based care factors influencing the health, well-being, illness, or death of individuals or groups. The purpose and goal of the theory is to use research findings to provide culturally congruent, safe, and meaningful care to clients of diverse or similar cultures” .
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D-Tailor required code modification to get the experiment to work. Even so, once the codon table was modified to only utilize CCA to code for Proline, the program would not accept the input sequence, because GFP already contains the restriction site. It appears that D-Tailor is not actively modifying optimized sequences to remove restriction sites, but merely guarantees that a restriction site will not be added to the existing sequence. The program terminates if one forbidden site is already present.
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En un estudio de siete hospitales de Colombia entre el 2004 y el 2008, se reportó que la frecuencia de candidiasis invasiva era superior a la establecida en países desarrollados. La incidencia fue de 2,3 casos por 1.000 días de estancia en una unidad de cuidados intensivos, con una incidencia global observada de 1,4 % por egresos de la unidad 17. Se observó una tendencia al aumento de la incidencia y la prevalencia de candidemia, principalmente por especies de Candida no albicans, las cuales correspondieron a 44 % de los aislamientos.
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Data were collected at the following time points: 0: baseline, 1 hr, 3 hr, 6 hr, 9 hr, 12 hrs, 18 hrs, 24 hrs whitening exposure.Data points collected for each time point included: Microscopy to monitor the surface structureColorimeter measurementPhotograph under same lighting conditionData points collected at 24 h only included SEMProfilometry
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O angioleiomioma oral parece ser mais comum em pacientes do sexo masculino4 , 8, com uma relação homem:mulher de 3:13. Normalmente, o pico de incidência do tumor está entre a 4ª e a 6ª décadas de vida8 , 10; por outro lado, já existem relatos de casos em pacientes pediátricos7. No levantamento apresentado na Tabela 2, observa-se que 76,4% dos tumores ocorreram em homens, com a faixa etária dos pacientes variando de 9 a 85 anos e média de idade de 47,3 anos. No presente caso, o paciente era do sexo masculino e tinha 44 anos de idade.
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Prise en charge thérapeutique: l'extraction des CE a été faite le plus souvent par les voies naturelles, réalisée avec ou sans anesthésie locale en salle de consultation des urgences. Le recours à l'anesthésie générale au bloc opératoire était nécessaire dans 54,89% des cas. La chirurgie par voies externe était réalisée chez 3 patients pour un CE œsophagien négligé compliqué d'une sténose œsophagienne et deux cas de CE du conduit auditif externe migrant dans l'oreille moyenne à travers une perforation tympanique (Tableau 3). Un traitement antibiotique local ou général a été prescrit à visée curative dans les complications infectieuses; et à visée prophylactique devant les lésions muqueuses. Une restriction provisoire de l'alimentation orale a été préconisée devant les lésions muqueuses œsophagiennes. Le traitement martial a été prescrit chez les 7 cas d'anémie. L’éducation des parents et des patients pour prévenir un deuxième incident était systématique.
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Jednym z najistotniejszych czynników wpływających na skład mikroflory jelitowej jest dieta. Wiele przeprowadzonych badań wykazuje, że zmiana diety z nisko- na wysokotłuszczową powodowała znaczące różnice ilościowe w składzie mikrobioty jelitowej. Obserwowano spadek liczebności bakterii należących do typu Bacteroidetes przy jednoczesnym, znaczącym wzroście liczebności Firmicutes i Proteobacteria. Zmiany te były niezależne od występowania, bądź braku objawów otyłości u badanych osób . Podobne wyniki uzyskali naukowcy porównujący ( orę bakteryjną dzieci karmionych wysokoenergetyczną dietą zachodnią oraz dzieci z regionów afrykańskich .
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As we demonstrated, a recombinant antibody fused to ChBD by the Fc region would be an excellent method to achieve adequate orientation of antibodies in ELISA microplates similar to trapping antibodies with Protein A or G. This system based on acetylated chitosan surface-ChBD antibody has the additional advantage that all antibody isotypes and any biotinylated antibody can be used for detection.
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Figure 14 shows the conductance curves of an underwater acoustic transducer in water and air. It shows that the two conductance curves of the hydroacoustic transducer are basically consistent. The conductivity curve of the underwater acoustic transducer shows two peaks when it is in the air. The left peak frequency, F1s, is 270 kHz, and the right peak frequency, F2s, is 323 kHz. When the transducer is placed in water, its conductivity curve becomes rough due to the fluidity of the water, and its conductivity is slightly deviated due to the load of the water. The peak frequency on the left, F1w, is 265 kHz, and the right, F2w, is 325 kHz. The conclusion is that the conductivity curve of the transducer in water tends to coincide with that of the stacked sensor before potting.
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Histiocytoza z komórek Langerhansa (LCH) jest rzadką chorobą, która może występować w postaci jednej zmiany lub obejmować swoim zasięgiem jednocześnie wiele regionów ciała. Stwierdza się ją z częstością od 0,1 do 1 nowych zachorowań na 100 000 dzieci na rok. Najczęściej rozpoznawana jest u pacjentów do 6 r.ż. Przyczyna choroby nie jest do końca poznana. U jej podłoża leży klonalna proliferacja histiocytów (tzw. komórek Langerhansa; LC) immunohistochemicznie oraz morfologicznie przypominających komórki dendrytyczne. Spektrum objawów klinicznych jest szerokie, od stwierdzanych pojedynczych ognisk do objawów z wielu narządów czy układów mogących zagrażać życiu. Obserwowane symptomy choroby są wynikiem zarówno akumulacji nieprawidłowych komórek w tkankach i narządach, jak i toczącego się procesu zapalnego [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. W 2010 r. Badalian-Very opublikował pracę, w której opisał obecność mutacji w obrębie genu BRAF V600E w histiocytach u pacjentów z objawami LCH . Obecnie wiadomo, że u wielu chorych można wykryć mutacje w szlaku kinaz MAP w komórkach dendrytycznych. Szczególnie często, bo ok. 60 % dotyczy to mutacji w obrębie genu BRAF [7, 8, 9]. Rokowanie u pacjentów, u których wykrywa się powyższe mutacje jest gorsze, nierzadko stwierdza się u nich zajęcie tzw. narządów ryzyka (układ krwiotwórczy, wątroba, śledziona). Również nawroty i reaktywacje choroby są zdecydowanie częstsze w tej grupie chorych [2, 3, 4]. Chociaż terapia konwencjonalna jest podstawą leczenia LCH, to obecnie coraz częściej wykorzystuje się w nim również inhibitory BRAF m.in wemurafenib – drobnocząsteczkowy, celowany lek przeciwnowotworowy, którego mechanizm działania polega na hamowaniu kinazy seroninowo-treoninowej BRAF [10, 11, 12]. Jednak u dzieci z LCH nie jest określony ani czas trwania, ani intensywność leczenia. Niesprecyzowane są również kryteria wymagane do włączenia takiej terapii.
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Here, we also show that treatment with ethanol leads to the reduced level of SAR1A. While the details of how COPII components are degraded still remain unknown, we assume that SAR1A may be degraded through proteasomal pathway, as ubiquitination of SAR1A was detected after only 24 h of ethanol exposure and inhibition of proteasomes results in accumulation of SAR1A. For now, this idea is supported by the publications which shown that other group of GTPases, Ras proteins, are subject to proteasomal degradation following the covalent conjugation of ubiquitin6970. Here, we found that PDIA3 and giantin are also utilized by proteasomes, implying that in addition to downregulation of SAR1A, ethanol may promote oxidative stress, both by increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and by depletion of oxidative defenses in the cell71. Given that the ubiquitin proteasome system coordinates stress response72 and ER-stress reduces COPII vesicle formation73, it may provide an alternative explanation of these results.
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The mountain birch forest line in 1937 compared with the forest line in 2007 show a maximum increase in elevation of 50 m, except for regrowth after a destructive avalanche in the southernmost area (Figure 9). A visual inspection showed changes in altitude varied by soil depth, aspect, and local topography, and the highest increase was found in western hillsides particularly in depressions by 0.71 m year−1. The area above the forest line was reduced by 12% in the experimental area over the 70 years. The advance in the forest line has taken place over a period of 70 years, but we have no measurements within the period. However, earlier photographs from the alpine climate station established 5 m above the forest line in 1932 show substantial changes from 1960 to 2007 (Figure 10).
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O tilt test é uma ferramenta diagnóstica muito útil em pacientes com disautonomia. Ao assumir a posição ortostática, há uma transferência de 500-800 mL de volume central para a periferia (pélvis, abdômen e membros inferiores), o que leva a uma queda no volume sistólico e, consequentemente, do débito cardíaco. Esse déficit, por sua vez, é sentido pelos barorreceptores do arco aórtico e do seio carotídeo, que após a interação com os centros vasomotores, deflagram uma resposta que gera uma redução da atividade parassimpática e o aumento da atividade simpática, que se traduz em vasoconstricção periférica e aumento da frequência cardíaca.
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Liu et al. reported a facile and eco-friendly method for the efficient synthesis of 2-substituted imidazolines (6) starting from aromatic aldehydes (1) and ethylenediamine (5) in the presence of a catalytic amount of both tungstophosphoric acid as well as tetrabutylammonium bromide as an efficient phase-transfer catalytic system using hydrogen peroxide as oxidant in water at 80 °C (Scheme 2). During optimization, a lower yield was recorded in the absence of TBABI (i.e., using only tungstophosphoric acid as catalyst). A probable role of the dual catalysts is shown in Scheme 3. In the organic phase, the rapid condensation of benzaldehyde and ethylenediamine produced intermediate I-1, which after cyclization produced the second intermediate I-2. In the aqueous phase, the combination of a catalytic amount of TBAB and tungstophosphoric acid generated a novel complex C-1 which in the presence of H2O2 yielded peroxo complex C-2. This in-situ generated complex can catalyze the formation of the desired 2-phenylimidazoline 5 from the intermediate I-2 by entering the organic phase.
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In essence, the structure of “non-graphitic carbon materials” consists of hexagonal graphene layers that are stacked in a parallel way but do not possess 3D long-range crystallographic order. This structure is referred to as “turbostratic” arrangement. These graphene stacks represent the basic structural unit (BSU) of non-graphitic carbon materials and exhibit a low packing density [21–24]. The microporosity (pores below 2 nm) results from imperfections in the packing of the graphene stacks and should thus be dependent on the degree of disorder in the material. That is, with increasing disorder of a material a higher micropore volume is expected. Because with higher carbonization temperature the graphene sheets as well as their stacking become more ordered, the meso/microporosity is expected to depend on the heat treatment temperature.
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HK activity was measured using a hexokinase assay kit (ScienCell Research Laboratories, Carlsbad, CA, USA) according to the assay procedures recommended by the manufacturer. Purified hexokinase was pre-incubated with various concentrations of AF for 10 min, and then mixed with the assay substrates to start the reaction. The changing NADPH absorbance was monitored in dark for 60 min, using a Multiskan plate reader (Thermo Scientific). For analysis of HK activity in cell lysates, A549 cells were treated with various concentrations of AF for 6 h, and protein extracts were prepared and immediately used for assay of HK activity using the substrate mixtures provided in the assay kit.
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A diversity of sequence types (ST36, 43, 50, 65, 135 and 417) was responsible for V. parahaemolyticus illnesses in Washington State. Query against the PubMLST database revealed that 27 isolates share the ST36 allelic profile and the majority of those isolates (N = 20) were deposited as part of this investigation. While ST36 was not determined to be a clonal complex by eBURST analysis due to an absence of SLVs, this ST was highly homogenous and largely clinical (21/27). Taken together, REP-PCR and MLST analyses support the conclusion that ST36 represents a genetically exclusive sequence type. This ST included the clinical reference isolate SPRC10290 (O4:K12) which has served as a reference in several prior investigations ,–. Based on the limited number of isolates in the PubMLST database, the distribution of ST36 appears to be restricted to the Pacific coast of the US with the majority of those isolates originating from Washington State (19/27). The distribution of ST36 and the inclusion of SPRC10290 suggest this ST is clonally related to the O4:K12 complex cited previously as potentially endemic to the Pacific coast of US and Mexico .
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In this research, bimaxillary advancement surgery provided significant volumetric increases in the upper airways, as well as in the minimal axial area, corroborating with the literature. 13 , 18 After assessing the airway morphological changes, the bimaxillary advancement leads to airway increase in all dimensions, anteroposterior or latero-medial. 25 , 26 , 47 , 48 Another study observed statistically significant increases in all airway dimensions in the analysis of minimal axial area and volume, 9 and in the oropharyngeal airway at the soft palate level. 3 Some studies have evaluated the effects of single-jaw orthognathic procedures on the upper airways, and have also found significant increases in upper airway volume. 17 , 49 , 50
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Previous studies on the COO effect mostly focused on the product image of specific countries, while they have seldom focused on the perspective of imported and domestic product images. Balabanis and Diamantopoulos proposed the concept of “foreignness” and “domestic country bias (DCB)”. However, that paper only discussed why consumers in developed countries preferred domestic products rather than imported products. For developing countries, the situation of domestic bias may be different. It is in this sense that we broke the conceptual restrictions of COO as a single national area and expanded to imported products, which was a concept beyond a pure geographical meaning. It may better reflect the social and economic development level of a country.
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Ten slotte is het onduidelijk in hoeverre het reflecteren op kwaliteit na afloop van de scan wordt geborgd. Een aantal locaties gaf aan dat (door de COVID-19-crisis) de aandacht was verslapt. Andere locaties kiezen ervoor om de scan periodiek (bijvoorbeeld ieder jaar) uit te voeren, om zo het leer- en verbeterproces onder medewerkers levend te houden en ontwikkelingen in de tijd te monitoren.
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We used BEAST v. 2.6.3 (Bouckaert et al. 2019) to infer genealogical relationships and divergence times based on the mtDNA sequences. bModelTest v. 1.2.1 (Bouckaert and Drummond 2017) was specified as the substitution model for all analyses, which uses reversible-jump MCMC to switch between models. A constant size coalescent tree prior was used, a relaxed log normal clock (Drummond et al. 2006), and all remaining priors were left as defaults. We also ran a strict clock analysis for comparison. Analyses were temporally calibrated using a mitochondrial substitution rate previously calculated for a similarly sized lizard (Macey et al. 1999) and used in other studies of both Phrynosoma and other lizards (Bryson et al. 2012; Jezkova et al. 2016). However, to accommodate uncertainty in the rate, we specified a normal prior with a mean of 0.00805 substitutions per site per million years and a sigma of 0.0005. Chains were run for 40 million generations, sampling every 4,000 for a total of 10,000 states over independent runs. Mixing, ESS values (target >200) and parameter estimates were monitored in Tracer. TreeAnnotator was used to construct a maximum clade credibility tree annotating nodes using mean heights following a burnin of 10%.
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Radiomics heat map. The x axis refers to radiomic features, and y axis refers to different subjects. Dendrograms regarding radiomics and subjects were displayed to facilitate the visualization of the radiomic patterns. The type of tumor for each subject was indicated by different colors (magenta/cyan)
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Apesar de as perguntas “Durante ou logo após a gravidez/amamentação, você ganhou peso ou teve mudança nas suas coxas/pernas, quadris, nádegas e/ou braços?” e “Durante a menopausa, você ganhou peso ou teve mudança nas suas coxas/pernas, quadris, nádegas e/ou braços?” não demonstrarem significância estatística, acreditamos que o baixo número de indivíduos que passaram pelas situações específicas citadas nas perguntas pode ter interferido no resultado pontual dessas perguntas, mas não no resultado global do questionário, que apresentou boa performance tanto no modelo de avaliação individual de cada pergunta (área ROC = 0,912) como no modelo de avaliação de pontos totais (área ROC = 0,8615). Eles podem ser interpretados como tendo excelente probabilidade de acerto na distinção entre portadora ou não de lipedema, sendo 91,2% e 86,15%, respectivamente15. Entretanto, elas são perguntas clinicamente relevantes e podem ter impacto positivo na ferramenta proposta, aumentando a sensibilidade e a especificidade. Portanto, devemos continuar e aprofundar as análises com um público maior. O método estatístico utilizado é útil para avaliar a sensibilidade, mas não necessariamente a especificidade; por isso, o questionário proposto pode ser considerado útil para a avaliação preliminar e não para o diagnóstico definitivo.
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Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Studie sollen vor allem dazu dienen, die durch Pflegepersonen in stationären Langzeitpflegeeinrichtungen wahrgenommenen ethischen Herausforderungen während der Covid-19-Pandemie zu dokumentieren und systematisch darzulegen. Die Reichweite der Untersuchung ist allerdings begrenzt, was die nachfolgenden Limitationen verdeutlichen:
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When TLR agonists bind to their receptors, the bulk of downstream signaling is generally executed through one of two different pathways, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-dependent and MyD88-independent. The former leads to early activation of NF-κB, MAPK, and transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and cytosolic enzymes, while the latter results in the activation of late phase NF-κB and the interferon (IFN) regulatory factors responsible for type I IFN expression (Akira and Takeda, 2004; O’Neill and Bowie, 2007).
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The recording took place in a sound-proof and electrically shielded cabin, while participants listened through closed system headphones (Sennheiser, HAD 200) to the randomly presented 240 syllable pairs at approximately 75 dB. The EEG recordings were conducted at a sampling rate of 1000 Hz with 64 Ag/AgCl electrodes mounted on an elastic cap (ActiCaps, Brain Products, Munich, Germany) using the Brain Vision Recorder 1.10 (Brain Products, Munich, Germany). Eye movements were recorded using four EOG channels. Impedances were kept below 5 KΩ.
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Quant à la chirurgie, elle augmente de 20 fois le risque de MTEV lié au type et à la durée du geste opératoire, à la pathologie sous-jacente ou au terrain du patient pouvant aggraver la stase veineuse, élément prépondérant de la thrombogénèse [15, 16]. Sans prophylaxie de routine, le taux de TVP chez les patients opérés en chirurgie générale, a été évalué de 10 à 40% . En général, les chirurgies abdominales, pelviennes, orthopédiques, neurochirurgicales et oncologiques exposent le patient à un risque important de MTEV, favorisé par l'immobilisation, la sténose veineuse secondaire et des lésions endothéliales . En effet, la chirurgie est associée à une coagulation active, à une diminution transitoire de la fibrinolyse. Une suractivation de la thrombine, ainsi que des taux élevés de l'inhibiteur de l'activateur du plasminogène 1(PAI-1) au cours de la période périopératoire, ont été décrits .
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The log2-transformed and mean-normalized data from healthy and PTC patient serum samples and the tumor tissues and their paired NAT samples were retained. We then used the R package “caret” (v.6.0–93) to sample 70% of the serum cohort (HCs, n = 26; PTC, n = 22) and tissue cohort (NAT, n = 21; tumor, n = 21) as a training set; the remaining samples of the serum cohort and tissue cohort were used as an independent testing set. The codifferentially expressed proteins in serum and tissue were selected as features to distinguish HCs from PTC tumors. We tuned the parameters using a grid search algorithm with threefold cross-validation implemented in the “caret” package. We then retrained the RF model using the optimal parameters. Finally, the performances of the RF models were further evaluated based on the independent testing sets. The corresponding confusion matrices and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plots were generated to assess performances using the “caret”, “plotROC” (v.2.2.1), and “ggplot2” packages.
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Es clave identificar y manejar las posibles causas subyacentes del síndrome confusional (a menudo multicausales), y realizar una evaluación periódica de los factores de riesgo, proporcionar una movilización y reorientación tempranas del paciente, promover la normalización del ciclo de sueño-vigilia, asegurar una comunicación eficaz y brindar tranquilidad al paciente, involucrando a familiares y cuidadores por vía virtual.
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The projection shown in Figure 11 is represented in Equation (16). (16)xhL′yhL′k−1|k=cos(Δαr(k))sin(Δαr(k))−sin(Δαr(k))cos(Δαr(k))·xhLyhLk−1−vr·Δk0 where: xhL and yhL are the human position in the laser reference at instant k−1.xhL′ and yhL′ are the previous item position projected into the current instant k.vr is the robot linear speed.Δk is the sample time between two consecutive instants of time (in the figure, the time needed for the walker to move from YL, which is supposed to be in the instant k−1, to YL′, which is supposed to be in instant k, which is the current instant.Subscript k−1|k means the positions in instant k−1 projected into instant k.
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„Zu Coronazeiten wollten wir das [virtuelle Büro] nutzen, um, naja, so ein Bürofeeling wieder hinzubekommen. Damit die Leute sich auch außerhalb der festgeplanten Meetings treffen. Und auch außerhalb der Teams. […] Also die meisten Leute haben es nicht jeden Tag benutzt, sondern immer nur an ein bis drei Tagen die Woche.“ (Interview E3)
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Monilinia laxa demonstrated a broader photomorphogenesis response to light than M. fructicola under in vitro conditions. In this study, cultures grown on either PDA or PDA-T media and incubated under control condition (constant darkness) were similar to other M. laxa or M. fructicola isolates grown on similar conditions (Tran et al., 2020; Rodríguez-Pires et al., 2021). After exposure to both lighting treatments, but especially under treatment 2, M. laxa mycelia turned mainly hazel whereas the colony color of M. fructicola was not altered at any condition (Figures 1A,B). To regulate fungal biology, fungi sense light through photoreceptors and use it as an input of information (Tisch and Schmoll, 2010). One of the most common and long-term effects of light responses is the induction of pigment expression, such as carotenoid biosynthesis in many microorganisms (Fuller et al., 2015; Corrochano, 2019), and, in fact, the carotenoid production in the closely related organism B. cinerea has been suggested (Schumacher et al., 2014). In turn, carotenoids are highly implicated in protecting cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Avalos and Limón, 2015). Light also induces the biosynthesis of other pigments such as melanin and mycosporines in several fungi (Fuller et al., 2015). The role of melanin in M. fructicola has been described on not only the protection against environmental stresses such as desiccation, UV irradiation, and temperature (Rehnstrom and Free, 1996), but also on the conidia turgor adjustment and full virulence to infect stone fruit (Yu et al., 2020). Visible light can cause oxidative stress in B. cinerea cells, which could be, in part, due to an alteration in the homeostasis of cellular ROS levels (Canessa et al., 2013). In fact, our results revealed how both treatments altered the morphology of conidia after 7 days of incubation under each light condition (Figures 1A,B) if compared to typically limoniform (or also cylindrical in the case of M. laxa) conidia shapes (Yin et al., 2015) observed under control condition. Therefore, these findings suggest that under these lighting treatments, conidia were submitted to stress that ultimately affected cell turgor. However, the impaired morphology could also rely on the result of the phototropism generated in response to light, which has been described in conidia, apothecia and conidial germ tubes of B. cinerea (Jarvis, 1972). Regarding conidial viability, studies on how light alters the ability to form new colonies of Monilinia spp. are nonexistence. We demonstrated that M. laxa, but not M. fructicola, increased its conidial viability under treatment 1 but reduced it under treatment 2 in relation to control condition (Figures 1C,D). In fact, Lafuente et al. (2018) already demonstrated that continuous blue light and complete darkness increased Penicillium digitatum cell viability in vitro compared to non-continuous light. These results are in line with what we observed for M. laxa, since the spectrum of lights used in this study do emit small wavelengths around blue. Alternatively, the altered conidia morphology could explain the reduction of M. laxa cell viability under treatment 2. Thus, the relation between turgor and the ability to form new colonies is a point of interest. Although some studies point out the role of light in controlling the conidial germination (Corrochano, 2019; Yu and Fischer, 2019), herein we did not observe an effect either on M. laxa or M. fructicola (Figures 1E,F).
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At the six-month follow-up, the final outcome was favorable in 48 (64.0%) patients among 75 patients who alive 30 days after DC. Risk factors for predicting 6-month prognosis, obtained by univariate and binary logistic regression analysis are depicted in Table-IV. Univariate analysis observed the following indicators with clinically significant: preoperative GCS score, bilateral pupils abnormality size and reactivity, status of basal cisterns, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative GCS score at the first day, postoperative delayed contusion and hematoma, postoperative delayed contralateral hematoma, tracheostomy, hospital acquired pneumonia, PTH, postoperative hypernatremia and hyperglycaemia. PTH (OR 672.702[95%CI 5.561-81370.584]; p= 0.008) was found to be the independent prognostic factor following the binary logistic regressions analysis.
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Targeting the inducible enzyme COX2 to that of blocking the prostanoid cascade has been tested to interfere with acute seizures or SE. The importance of timing was demonstrated by early anti-inflammatory interventions showing worsening seizures as compared to late-onset interventions (2, 48). Prostaglandin F2α (PGF), which is anti-ictogenic, is indeed predominant in the first hour after SE onset, then the ratio between PGF and the pathogenic prostaglandin E2 (PGE) normalizes in association with an increase in COX2 synthesis (2). Hence, punctual COX2-related treatments have been considered to prevent epileptogenesis and reduce the frequency of seizures in epileptic patients. COX2 inhibition could either be selective (coxibs = selective COX2 inhibitors) or non-selective (aspirin). In two in-animal studies testing celecoxib and parecoxib over evoked SE, treatment with celecoxib or parecoxib did show to consistently reduce the number and severity of seizures, together with the improvement of spatial memory deficits (2).
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In Group 4 of the excised liver (Figure 4(a)) with stepwise infusion of BSS into the HA (Figures 4(b)–4(f)), the vascular tree was initially composed of only HA (Figures 4(c) and 4(d)) but soon the PV dominated (Figures 4(e) and 4(f)) without any visible linkages in between the HA and PV due to resolution limits. Sinusoids and hepatic vein were not seen due to imaging-monitored stepwise infusion.
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where \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ \gamma =\sqrt{q+\lambda } $$\end{document}γ=q+λ, λ = ε2(q + ϗ) − q is a scaling parameter, and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ \Big({\sqrt{\left(q+\lambda \right){P}_{\omega}\Big)}}_i $$\end{document}(q+λPω)i represents the ith column of the matrix. The constant 10−4 < ε < 1 controls the sigma points spread around \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ \overline{\omega} $$\end{document}ω¯. ϗ is also a scaling parameter, which is regularly fixed to 0 or 3 − q and q is the dimension of parameters .
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Não foram investigados aspectos socioeconômicos dos participantes, o que impediu avaliar a relação entre as respostas e esses dados da amostra, bem como generalizar os resultados. Porém, uma vez que o instrumento seja válido para aplicação on-line, outros estudos que avaliam a relação entre vários aspectos, incluindo as características sociodemográficas, podem ser realizados.
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