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Using this approach, we identified a set of genes resulted over-expressed in CB compared to MRS, potentially involved in alternative metabolic pathways. Interesting genes were searched in other NSLAB and SLAB genomes with the aim to explore their diversity. Overall, the results described in this work highlight mechanisms of adaptation leading to the production of acetic acid coupled with ATP generation, that could support the L. rhamnosus growth in cheese during ripening.
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L'examen physique, les paramètres de laboratoire (hémogramme, bilan hépatique, calcémie, créatinémie, protéinurie, électrophorèse des protéines sériques ou dosage des chaines légères libres sériques) ont été obtenus mensuellement. L'indice de performance (Performence status) a été évalué comme décrit par les critères de l'ECOG (eastern cooperative oncology group). L'évaluation pronostique des patients atteints d'amylose AL a fait appel au score pronostique de la Mayo clinique basé sur la NTproBNP et la troponine . La toxicité thérapeutique a été enregistrée selon les critères du National Cancer Instiute (Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (Version 3.0)).
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L’analyse minutieuse des différents examens IRM confrontée aux données clinico-biologiques nous a permis d’avoir une orientation étiologique des compressions médullaires non traumatiques. Les causes extradurales d’origine infectieuse représentaient 38% de toutes les étiologies. Il s’agissait des épidurites en rapport avec des spondylodiscites (Figure 4A). Tandis que les épidurites d’origine tumorale étaient présentes dans 30% des cas. La pathologie dégénérative était rencontrée dans 32% des cas (Figure 4B). Les étiologies intradurales extramédullaires étaient tumorales et représentaient 8% des cas avec 03 cas de méningiome, 01 cas de schwannome et 01 cas de kyste arachnoïdien (Figure 5A). Les lésions intramédullaires étaient rencontrées dans 05% des cas, avec 02 cas de lésions d’allure tumorale (ependymome versus astrocytome) et 01 cas de myélite abcédée (Figure 5B).
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Studying the secretome from conditioned media of cultured tumor cells could offer a complementary and well-defined source of molecular information for the discovery of tumor-specific biomarkers (for reviews see [13–16]). The term secretome stands for all proteins that are released from cells into the extracellular space. About 10% of the 22,000 protein-encoding human genes are estimated to encode proteins that are secreted [17, 18]. The secretome is very dynamic in nature and highly sensitive to changes of the overall cellular state, whether at physiological or pathological circumstances. Consequently, analyzing the secretome composition could be instrumental for deciphering the molecular architecture of disease, in particular for a disease as heterogeneous as pancreatic cancer. There have been several reports about an exploration of secretomes for the identification of potential biomarkers [19–23]. A large portion of the secreted proteins – cytokines, hormones or growth factors, for example – are present at very low levels . Therefore, sensitivity and resolution of the analysis processes are limiting. In serum analyses, the problem of low abundance is actually magnified by the presence of large quantities of albumin and globins, which can obscure an analysis of rare proteins or mask their presence altogether. Depletion of highly abundant proteins is not a solution, since their removal does affect the abundance and relative ratios of the other proteins, too . To circumvent these problems, immunofractionation with appropriate antibodies is often applied prior to analysis. To gather enough protein in such a process, rather large sample volumes are required. Also, quantification is difficult to achieve since different antibody affinities lead to different yields during the purification process and normalization processes are not easily applicable. In addition, a translation into clinical practice is difficult to achieve.
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From 2011 to 2015, brucellosis in dairy cows emerged without incidence trends in Qingyang. There are two possible explanations for this phenomenon. The breeding stock of dairy cows was <3000, so the disease was easy to control. In addition, the local control strategy was to cull infected animals, which largely prevented the expansion of Brucella in the short term. From an epidemiological perspective, sheep brucellosis emerged broadly in Qingyang, and dairy cow brucellosis occurred as outbreaks in some dairy farms. It was implied that brucellosis in dairy cows came from infected sheep.
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Ein damals 63-jähriger Mann stellte sich im August 2018 erstmalig in unserer Notaufnahme mit generalisierter Pustelbildung der Haut, subfebriler Temperatur (38,2 °C), Tachykardie (160/min), Hypertonie (160/100 mm Hg) und deutlicher Allgemeinzustandsverschlechterung vor. Die Hautveränderungen seien 4 Tage zuvor akut aufgetreten und hätten sich innerhalb kürzester Zeit auf den gesamten Körper ausgebreitet. Mehrere Wochen zuvor habe er unter abdominellen Beschwerden gelitten, die im Rahmen einer Koloskopie als Colitis ulcerosa diagnostiziert und mit Prednisolon und Mesalazin behandelt worden seien.
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RPMI8226 cells were seeded and treated with either 500 nM of test compounds or 0.1 % DMSO. After incubation for 1 h, cells were washed with media three times, and incubated for an additional 4 or 24 h. Cells were washed with ice-cold PBS and lysed with Pro-Prep lysis buffer (iNtRON Biotechnology). Protein lysates were analyzed by Western immunoblotting using the following antibodies: anti-Ubiquitin (Enzo Life Sciences), anti-Hsp70 and anti-Hsp27 (Abcam), anti-Gadd34 (Proteintech), anti-caspase-8 (BD pharmingen), anti-β-Catenin, anti-p21, anti-phospho Hsp27 (S82), anti-caspase-9, anti-PARP, and anti-α-Tubulin (Cell Signaling). Images were obtained using ChemiDoc MP (Bio-Rad) and quantitation was done using Image Lab Software (Bio-Rad).
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The genetic polymorphism of HLA-DRB1 of 51 patients (70% males, with a mean age of 71 years) with atherosclerotic or also known as degenerative AAA was compared with 99 unrelated patients (60% males, with a mean age of 65 years) without the disease who had no family history of AAA, providing 198 alleles [Control group (CG)] from the same ethnic and age group. A total of one hundred and two alleles of AAA patients and 198 from the CG were examined. When comparing af, we observed the HLA-DRB1*01 af of 0.139 in the AAA compared to 0.05 in the CG [p = 0.015, OR 3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29–7.08], the HLA-DRB1*16 af were 0.109 in the AAA and 0.025 in CG (p = 0.006, OR 4.7, 95% CI 1.59–13.98). Table 1 summarizes the AAA and CG patients’ demographics and comorbidities; no statistical differences were found in age, gender and smoking history. Table 2 summarizes the af comparison the AAA patients and CG, including p value, Odds Ratios (OR) and Confident Intervals (CI). Bonferroni correction was utilized to adjust the p values.Table 1Demographics and comorbidities of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms and control group (CG) patientsVariableNumber of AAA patients 51 (100%)Number of CG patients 99 (100%)Males36 (70%)59 (60%)Females15 (30%)40 (40%)Smoking history36 (70%)61 (62%)Comorbidities Arterial Hypertension35 (69%)22 (22%) Dyslipidemia22 (43%)15 (15%) Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus11 (21%)9 (9%) Coronary Artery Disease11 (21%)5 (5%) Peripheral Arterial Disease or Cerebrovascular Accident7 (14%)3 (3%)Table 2Allele frequencies of HLA-DRB1 locus in Mexicans Mestizo patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) and control group (CG)HLACases (AAA) 102 AllelesControl Group CG 198 AllelesNumber of AllelesAllele FrequencyNumber of AllelesAllele FrequencyP ValueOdds Ratio (OR)Confidence Intervals (CI)DRB1*04230.228470.2370.9660.90.54–1.67DRB1*01140.139100.050.015*31.29–7.08DRB1*16110.10950.0250.006*4.71.59–13.98DRB1*0790.089220.1110.6970.70.35–1.77DRB1*1180.079200.1000.6690.70.32–1.78DRB1*1590.089130.0650.6171.30.57–3-38DRB1*1480.079210.1050.5920.70.31–1.70DRB1*0890.089330.1650.0990.50.22–1.07DRB1*1340.040100.0500.8950.80.24–2.54DRB1*0340.040110.0550.7510.70.22–2.26DRB1*1010.01010.0051.0001.90.12–31.83DRB1*0910.01030.0151.0000.60.07–6.83DRB1*1210.01020.0101.0000.90.09–10.94* Statistical Significance
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Collecte de données: Le recueil des données a été effectué de façon prospective. Les patients ont été inclus dès leur admission à l'hôpital. Une fiche standardisée a servi au recueil des données. Les dépenses relatives aux différents postes de consommation étaient systématiquement relevées au fur et à mesure, tous les jours y compris les week-ends et jours fériés. Les soins et actes divers non payés ont été valorisés par leur coût réel.
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Recently, we have reported the overexpression of glyoxalase 1 (encoded by GLO1), a glutathione-dependent enzyme involved in the detoxification of the reactive glycolytic byproduct methylglyoxal, in human malignant melanoma cell culture models and clinical samples . In addition, in this study, phenotypic consequences of transient genetic knockdown (employing siRNA) were determined in various established and genetically diverse melanoma cell lines (including A375, G361, and LOX) that revealed sensitization to methylglyoxal-induced impairment of proliferation and viability as a result of genetic GLO1 antagonism. Metabolic reprogramming is a molecular hallmark of cancer that has also been substantiated in melanoma. However, even though GLO1 expression serves an essential function in the maintenance of glycolytic energy metabolism, the specific role of GLO1 in melanomagenesis remains largely unexplored .
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A PA é determinada por vários parâmetros do sistema cardiovascular, incluindo volume sanguíneo e saída cardíaca (a quantidade de sangue bombeada pelo coração por minuto) e o equilíbrio do tom arterial que é afetado pelo volume intravascular e os sistemas neurohumorais.2
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Os resultados foram submetidos a análise quanto à distribuição de normalidade de acordo com o teste de Anderson Darling. O teste qui-quadrado com correção de Yates foi utilizado para variáveis qualitativas, e o teste t de Student para variáveis quantitativas, sendo estatisticamente significativo p < 0,05.
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Building on the results obtained in , in this paper we propose a computational model reproducing key anatomical and functional features of the system formed by the basal ganglia, thalamus, primary motor cortex, and cerebellum to investigate within a system-level perspective how motor tics are generated in TS.
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ICAM-2: Intercellular adhesion molecule-2, CD102; NB: Neuroblastoma; ED: Extracellular domain; Sp: Signal peptide; TD: Transmembrane domain; CD: Cytoplasmic domain; CAM: Cell adhesion molecules; Gsv: Glycosylation site variant; IgLD-1 and IgLD-2: Two immunoglobulin-like C2 domains; IB: Immunoblot; IP: Immunoprecipitation; Asn N: Asparagine; Ala A: Alanine.
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Le recours aux aides médicales est associé à un fardeau é1evé dans de nombreuses études et est certainement le témoin de problèmes de santé. En effet, il semble que la sévérité de l'atteinte cognitive, les troubles du comportement, l'altération du statut nutritionnel et, par conséquent, le recours aux aides médicales soient intriqués. Pour les aidants de notre étude, bien qu'ils fussent majoritairement d'un niveau socio-économique moyen ou élevé, le recours à ce type d'aide pouvait être perçu comme un rejet condamnable par la société (notamment le recours au placement dans des institutions spécialisées). Les aidants préfèreraient alors gérer seuls les problèmes de prise en charge de leurs proches déments.
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Thailand’s Sex Workers in Network Group (SWING) provides services for male sex workers in Bangkok and has an intern program for police recruits that aims to build relationships of mutual respect to enable sex workers to access STI and HIV prevention and treatment without fear of arrest. Police cadets’ internship gives them first-hand knowledge of the working lives of sex workers. The police cadets study English and take part in other SWING program activities such as outreach. The program aims to sensitise future police officers to the needs of sex workers to foster supportive environments for sex workers and to create a cadre of police officers within the Bangkok police ranks that share an understanding and empathy for sex worker’s rights.
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En las células estimuladas con el suero de los diferentes grupos de pacientes, se encontró que, específicamente, el suero del grupo de mujeres con morbilidad gestacional, trombosis venosa y anticuerpos antifosfolípidos provoca un aumento significativo (p=0,044) en la concentración de especies reactivas del oxígeno intracelulares en comparación con el suero del grupo control (figuras 3A y B).
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Ein einheitliches diagnostisches Konzept bei SAE (Sepsis-assoziierte Enzephalopathie) existiert auf vielen deutschen Intensivstationen bisher nicht.Sinnhaftigkeit und Nutzen einzelner diagnostischer Verfahren werden unterschiedlich bewertet, sodass uneinheitliche Anwendungskonzepte nachgewiesen werden können.Die Erstellung einheitlicher, evidenzbasierter Empfehlungen zu Diagnostik und zum Neuromonitoring, z. B. in Form einer Leitlinie, wird von der Mehrheit der Befragten befürwortet.
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然而，Smith等通过回顾性分析了1, 568例肺楔状切除和378例行肺段切除的Ia期NSCLC病例发现：肺段切除生存率显著高于行肺楔状切除的患者，但这种优势在年龄 > 70岁的人群中并未显现。2012年来自美国匹兹堡医学中心的数据表明：对于Ia期NSCLC患者，肺段切除和楔状切除在5年生存率上无差别。Tsutani等的一项前瞻性研究比较了56例行肺段切除和93例肺楔状切除的Ⅰ期肺腺癌病例，两组在无病生存率和总体生存率上并无差异。但这项研究中对于Ia期患者更多的采取了楔状切除术，而Ib期的患者更多的采用了肺段切除的方式，故此项研究可能存在潜在的选择性偏倚。2016年Altorki等通过回顾性分析289例cT1N0 NSCLC患者，虽然解剖性肺段切除患者进行了更多的淋巴结清扫，但生存率上二者并无差异。
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Os tecidos do miocárdio coletados dos ratos foram cortados em seções de 1 cm, fixados em paraformaldeído 4% e embebidos em parafina. Para quantificar a extensão do dano ao miocárdio, as biópsias foram recortadas em seções de 5 µm, que foram coradas com hematoxilina e eosina (HE) por 90 minutos, em temperatura ambiente, e seis campos de visão (ampliação, x200) foram selecionados aleatoriamente para avaliação em cada grupo.
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A sub-population of 49 ME/CFS cases and 49 healthy controls from the Chronic Fatigue Initiative cohort were analyzed in the framework of this current study. All cases met the 1994 CDC Fukuda and/or 2003 Canadian consensus criteria for ME/CFS . On the day of blood collection, clinical symptoms and baseline health status were assessed using the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) and the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) scale . Peripheral blood was drawn in sodium citrate BD VacutainerTM Cell Preparation Tubes and centrifuged to pellet red blood cells. Resulting plasma samples were received from four locations from supervising physicians as shown: Salt Lake City, Utah (Lucinda Bateman), Incline Village, Nevada (Daniel Peterson), Miami, Florida (Nancy Klimas), and New York City, New York (Susan Levine) and stored at – 80 ℃ and shipped from Columbia University to Cornell University on dry ice and stored at – 80 ℃ prior to processing for isolation of extracellular vesicles. Written consent was obtained from all participants and all protocols were approved by the Institutional Review Board at Columbia University Irving Medical Center.
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Insgesamt 48 % der antihypertensiv Behandelten erhielten eine Monotherapie mit Blutdrucksenkern. Eine Kombination aus 2 Antihypertensiva erhielten 29 %, eine Dreierkombination 16 % und mehr als 3 Blutdruckmittel erhielten 7 % der PatAH. Der Anteil der Patienten mit einer blutdrucksenkenden Monotherapie war bei 18- bis 30-Jährigen am größten und sank altersabhängig. Im Gegenzug wurden vermehrt blutdrucksenkende Kombinationstherapien verordnet (Abb. 3).
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Получение вируса LIVP-GFP с точечными мутациями в гене A34R. Рекомбинантный штамм LIVP-GFP-A34R получали методом временной доминантной селекции на основе VACV LIVP-GFP с использованием плазмиды pMGCgpt-A34R*, содержащей мутантный вариант гена A34R (Asp110→Asn, Lys151→Glu), как описано Т.В. Бауэр и сотрудниками (2020).
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Mit dem vorgestellten Peer-Review-Verfahren ist erstmalig ein bundesweites Qualitätssicherungsverfahren für D‑Berichte durchgeführt worden. Dass ein Drittel der D‑Berichte keinerlei Beanstandungen aufwies, spricht insgesamt für eine gute Dokumentationsqualität.
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O estigma e os rígidos papéis de gênero influenciam o comportamento das mulheres, fazendo com que demorem a buscar ajuda (12, 16-18, 21, 26-28, 40, 42, 43, 45). Quando as mulheres buscam ajuda, tais desigualdades influenciam também as atitudes dos profissionais que as atendem, que por vezes maltratam as mulheres (32).
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Immunolabeled brain sections were examined with the Leica HyVolution 2 pseudo-super-resolution imaging technique (Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany) using a Leica TCS SP8 stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscope equipped with a Leica HC PL APO 100 × STED white objective (numerical aperture = 1.4). The Alexa Fluor 488, Alexa Fluor 555, and Cy5 dyes were sequentially excited at 488 nm, 552 nm, and 638 nm, respectively, and fluorescence images were acquired between 500–540 nm, 560–600 nm, and 650–690 nm, respectively, employing spectral detections with a hybrid detector. Image restoration was conducted using the Huygens Pro deconvolution software, and Leica LAS X 3.1.1 software was utilized for image analysis.
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本研究结果显示IPI低危组（0～1分）患者的PFS率明显高于中危组（2～3分），似乎提示IPI评分对于局限期OAML患者的预后有一定预测意义。但结合本研究入组病例的特点，IPI评分主要与双眼受累相关，即双眼受累患者因Ann Arbor分期Ⅳ期、结外受累部位数≥2个被归为IPI中危组。研究中未发现MALT-IPI评分对OAML患者的预后有预测意义，可能的原因是MALT-IPI是IELSG-19临床试验总结得出的针对任何部位MALT淋巴瘤的预后评估体系，其中胃肠MALT淋巴瘤达42.6％，对于OAML仍有一定局限性。多项研究指出OAML双眼受累的病例有更高的复发风险–。本研究也显示单眼受累患者PFS率高于双眼受累患者。考虑到单眼和双眼受累患者的预后存在差别，应该分为不同疾病阶段，故本文将单眼受累患者纳入Ann Arbor Ⅰ期，双眼受累患者纳入Ann Arbor Ⅳ期。因此，关于OAML如何更合理地进行预后分组、除双眼受累外是否还有其他有意义的预后指标仍需要扩大样本量、延长随访时间、多中心协作的临床研究进一步明确，以得出适用于眼附属器淋巴瘤的独特预后评估体系。
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Lycopene was produced from an optimized mevalonate pathway as described in our previous studies [21–23] (Fig. 5a). Since lycopene is an intracellular compound, increasing cellular storage capacity may enhance the specific yield of lycopene [24, 25]. Thus, we hypothesized that altering the cell size might increase the storage capacity. To test this hypothesis, we selected four gene targets that have been shown to alter cell morphology upon deletion [26, 27]. EnvC activates the peptidoglycan (PG) amidases, regulates septal PG splitting and daughter cell separation; the EnvC null mutant results in improper cell division and forms long and chained cells [28, 29]. HolD encodes the DNA polymerase III subunit ψ. Deleting HolD affects DNA replication and cell division, leading to filamentous morphologies . TatA is the part of the twin arginine translocation complex and transports the PG amidase to the periplasm, and the TatA deletion leads to the improper location of PG amidase, leading to long and chained bacteria . ZapB is required for proper Z ring formation for cell division . ZapB null strain displays an elongated cell shape. Using the CRASH protocol, we generated four single knockout strains and overexpressed the lycopene pathway genes in these cells. Lycopene content was measured after culturing the cells at 28 °C for 24 h. Interestingly, not all single knockout strains led to improved lycopene specific yield; only ΔenvC and ΔzapB strains produced 17% and 30% more lycopene per cell, respectively (Fig. 4a). Moreover, the envC mutation led to much lower biomass, possibly attributed to the compromised cell envelope , whereas deleting zapB had little effect on biomass. To ascertain that these mutant strains indeed altered the cell morphologies, flow cytometry was used to gauge the size distribution for the wild-type and single knockout strains (Fig. 4b). When the lycopene pathway was not induced, the distributions for bacterial cells were generally gaussian. Both envC and tatA null strains displayed overlapping size distributions with significantly increased proportions of bigger cells. This is expected as both genes impacted the activity of PG amidase. The zapB null strain displayed similar size distribution as the wild-type except there was a slight increase in the percentage of bigger cells. The holD null strain unexpectedly displayed slightly reduced cell sizes, possibly because the cells were in a different growth phase due to a much slower growth rate. In contrast, when the lycopene pathway was induced, the size distributions became asymmetric, indicating heterogenous populations for all the strains tested. Interestingly, all the single knockout strains contained higher percentage of bigger cells as compared to the wild type. To verify this, we observed wild-type and ΔzapB strains under a phase contrast microscope and images were analysed with imageJ software. Without lycopene production, the wild-type strain remained rod-shaped, whereas ΔzapB strain was more heterogenous with long cells observed. In contrast, irregular and elongated cells were observed for lycopene-producing cells in both wild-type and ΔzapB strains, indicating that lycopene accumulation impacts cell division (Fig. 4c). Size distribution analysed by imageJ also showed that ΔzapB strain had an increased median size as compared to the wild-type strain (Fig. 4d). Increased heterogeneity or outliers were observed for lycopene-producing cells (Fig. 4d). To avoid plasmid instability issues due to heterogenous populations observed, we created an auxotrophic strain B2 by iteratively deleting semi-essential genes in addition to ΔzapB for subsequent lycopene production (Table 2) .Fig. 4Effect of changing the cell size on lycopene production. a Specific lycopene yield and biomass of E. coli when genes affecting cell size were deleted. The lycopene pathway comprising module 1, 2 and 3 (Table 2) are overexpressed in each of single-deleted cells. All the measurements were average of triplicates with standard error bar shown in the figure. b Flow cytometry analysis on cell size distribution of single-deleted genotype. c Microscopy image of wildtype and zapB null strain with and without lycopene production. d Size distribution of wildtype and zapB null strain with and without lycopene production. They were obtained by imageJ analysisTable 2Strains and plasmids used in this studyNameDescriptionReferenceRemarksE. coli BL21-Gold (DE3)F– ompT hsdS (rB– mB–) dcm+ Tetr gal λ(DE3) endA HteStratageneBase strain for genome editingB2E. coli BL21-Gold (DE3) ΔaroA ΔaroB ΔaroC ΔserC ΔzapBThis studyAuxotrophic strain with increased sizeB3B2 ΔdgkAThis studyStrain to increase TAG productionB4B3 ΔadhEThis studyStrain to increase acetyl-coAB5B3 ΔldhAThis studyStrain to increase acetyl-coAB6B3 ΔadhE ΔldhAThis studyStrain to increase acetyl-coApTargetPlasmid used to express sgRNA under J23119 promoter. SacB gene under its native promoter is inserted between aadA and pMB1 origin of replicationThis studyModified based on pCas-V5Plasmid to express cas9 under its native promoter, λRed from pBAD promoter. It carries a temperature sensitive origin of replication and is kanamycin resistent. The sgRNA targeting pMB1 origin of replication is removedThis studyModified based on pCas-V2Similar to pCas-v5 except λRed is controlled by T7 promoterThis studyModified based on pCas-V6Similar to pCas-v5 with inactive recA56 being overexpressed with cas9 in a polycistronic mannerThis studyModified based on p15A-spec-Tm1-hmgS-atoB-hmgRPlasmid for overexpression of hmgs, atoB, thmgR genes, controlled by mutated Tm1 promoter. It carries spectromycin resistance geneModule 1p15A-cam-Tm2-mevK-pmk-pmd-idiPlasmid for overexpression of mevK, pmK, pmd and idi genes, controlled by Tm2 promoter. It carries chloramphenicol resistance geneModule 2p15A-kan-Tm1-crtEBI-ispAPlasmid for overexpression of crtE, crtB, crtI and ispA genes, controlled by Tm1 promoter. It carries kanamycine resistance geneModule 3p15A-amp-Tm1-Ec.fadD (D1)Plasmid for overexpression of fadD gene from E. coli, controlled by Tm1 promoter. It carries ampicilin resistance geneThis studyModule 4p15A-amp-Tm1-Ec.fadD-a.DGT-Ro.PAP (DTP1a)Plasmid for overexpression of fadD gene from E. coli, WS/DGAT from Acinetobacter baylyi and PAP from Rhodococcus opacus, controlled by Tm1 promoter. It carries ampicilin resistance geneThis studyModule 4p15A-amp-Tm1-Ec.fadD-t.DGT-Ro.PAP (DTP1b)Plasmid for overexpression of fadD gene from E. coli, WS/DGAT from Thermomonospora curvata and PAP from Rhodococcus opacus, controlled by Tm1 promoter. It carries ampicilin resistance geneThis studyModule 4p15A-amp-Tm1-Ro.fadD (D2)Plasmid for overexpression of fadD gene from Rhodococcus opacus, controlled by Tm1 promoter. It carries ampicilin resistance geneThis studyModule 4p15A-amp-Tm1-Ro.fadD-a.DGT-Ro.PAP (DTP2a)Plasmid for overexpression of fadD gene from Rhodococcus opacus, WS/DGAT from Acinetobacter baylyi and PAP from Rhodococcus opacus, controlled by Tm1 promoter. It carries ampicilin resistance geneThis studyModule 4p15A-amp-Tm1-Ro.fadD-t.DGT-Ro.PAP (DTP2b)Plasmid for overexpression of fadD gene from Rhodococcus opacus, WS/DGAT from Thermomonospora curvata and PAP from Rhodococcus opacus, controlled by Tm1 promoter. It carries ampicilin resistance geneThis studyModule 4
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Primary normal and primary SCC-derived keratinocytes (SCC7) were generated in-house from normal skin (abdominoplastic reconstructive surgery) and biopsies from patients’ SCC samples. Single keratinocytes were isolated from 3–4 mm punch biopsies following the standard protocol for generation of primary keratinocyte cultures (CELLnTEC, Bern, Switzerland). For sufficient separation of the epidermis and dermis the punch biopsies were incubated overnight at 4°C in keratinocyte selection medium (Progenitor Cell Targeted (PCT) epidermal keratinocyte medium CnT07, low Ca2+, (CELLnTEC) with Dispase II (Roche). Afterwards the epidermal part of the skin was incubated in trypsin at room temperature for 30 min to insure efficient isolation of single keratinocytes. Freshly isolated cells were washed with medium and then transferred into CnT07 selection medium for continuous incubation (37°C, 5%CO2). The selection keratinocyte medium excludes a contamination with other skin cells (fibroblasts, melanocytes). All keratinocyte cultures were characterized as keratinocytes using the keratinocyte marker Keratin-14 (K14) as well as keratinocyte differentiation markers involucrin and filaggrin.
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Candidate effectors are small protein entities, which assist in pathogenesis and enhance the infection process. We analyzed the proteomes of rice and non-rice Magnaporthe isolates to identify the putative candidate effector proteins. On an average, 4.3% of the total proteome encoded for secretory proteins, in all rice and non-rice isolates. To compare the repertoire of candidate effectors across all Magnaporthe isolate genomes, the predicted effectors were clustered using OrthoMCL. The host-wise clustering resulted in 390 common orthologous gene families between rice and non-rice isolates (Fig 4b). These common gene families encoded proteins with LysM, hydrophobin and CAP protein family (Pfam) domains, which are necessary for the growth and virulence of fungus (S6 Table).
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1. 儿童ALL体细胞突变检出情况：141例患儿中，83例（58.9％）检出体细胞突变，包括37个Ⅰ类突变（涉及基因包括IKZF1、TP53、CREBBP、KRAS、JAK1）及123个Ⅱ类突变。共检出36种基因突变，12种突变（包括CTCF、EP300、FAT1、JAK1、JAK3、KMT2A、NR3C1、NT5C2、PDGFRB、STAT5B、TET2、WT1）仅在1例患儿中出现，其余24种突变至少在2例患儿中出现（图1A）。突变类型以单核苷酸变异（SNV）最为常见，占79.4％，其次为无义突变（stopgain）、移码插入/缺失等。127个SNV的突变基因中，核苷酸变异类型以C>T最为常见，占28.3％（36/127），其次为G>A、A>G等。160个基因突变位点中，KRAS（20/160，12.5％）为最常见的突变，其次为NOTCH1（11.9％）、NRAS（10.6％）、CREBBP（5.6％）、FLT3（5.6％）、PTPN11（5.6％），17种最常见的基因突变位点及突变类型如图1B所示。KRAS、FLT3、PTPN11、PAX5及TP53突变仅在B-ALL患儿中检出（检出率分别为24.1％、9.6％、9.6％、3.6％、6.0％），而FBXW7、PTEN突变仅在T-ALL患儿中检出（检出率分别为33.3％、13.3％）；NRAS突变主要在B-ALL中检出（B-ALL中检出率为15.7％；T-ALL中检出率为6.7％），而NOTCH1突变主要在T-ALL中检出（T-ALL中检出率80％，B-ALL检出率为4.8％），突变基因与免疫表型的相关性如图1C所示。83例检出突变的患儿中，13例T-ALL患儿检出45个突变位点，70例B-ALL患儿检出115个突变位点，每例T-ALL患儿检出的平均突变个数显著高于B-ALL患儿（4.16±1.33对2.04±0.92，P＝0.004）。
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L′origine des enfants selon les villes et régions est comme suit: Fès 118 cas, Taounate 45 cas, Immouzerkandar 32 cas, Taza 22 cas, Meknès 13 cas Errachidia 11 cas, Oujda 6 cas, Khmissat 1 cas, Rabat 1 cas et Azrou 1 cas. Le mariage consanguin parental est retrouvé dans 32% (n=80), essentiellement pour les parents habitant dans les régions rurales. Les antécédents familiaux de surdité sont présents dans 12% des familles (n=30). Le suivi médical de la grossesse n′est renseigné que dans 60% des cas. L′accouchement était dans un milieu médicalisé dans 80% et 25% des cas pour les enfants originaires des milieux urbain et rural respectivement. Le droulement de la grossesse était pathologique dans 4% (n=10) avec 6 infections urinaires traitées avec des médicaments ototoxiques et 4 retards de croissance intra-utérine dont la cause reste indétérminée. 8% des naissances (n=20) ont eu un séjour en réanimation néonatale avec 7 cas de souffrance néonatale, 5 cas d′ictère néonatal ayant nécéssité une exsanguino-transfusion 5 cas d′infection néonatale sévère traitée avec des médicaments ototoxiques et 3 cas de prématurité avec un âge gestastionnel de 33 semaines. La méningite est retrouvée dans 16% des cas (n=40) avec 29 cas à pneucoque, 9 cas à méningocoque et 2 cas à Hémophilus influenzae. 5 enfants (2%) avaient des antécédants de traiement par des médicaments ototoxiques. Un traumatisme crânien occasionnant une fracture du rocher associée à une surdité profonde homalatérale, suite à un accident de la voie publique est retrouvé dans 2 cas (soit 0.8%). En résumé les surdités acquises représentent 30.8% des cas (n=77) avec 4% de causes prénatales, 8% de causes périnatales et 18.8% de causes post-natales.
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影响基因检测成功率的因素众多，包括组织充分性因素以及检测相关的因素。本研究对EBUS操作因素和进行基因检测的组织充分性关系进行了分析，结果提示穿刺针数、进行穿刺操作的淋巴结部位和大小不影响进行基因检测的组织充分性。考虑可能与所有患者均接受较多穿刺数（平均2.07针）相关，同时也提示或许不需要为行基因检测而对肺癌患者进行更多次的穿刺操作且对于CT发现的纵隔小淋巴结只要是EBUS-TBNA可穿刺部位，均有可能经EBUS-TBNA穿刺取得足够进行病理检测的组织。此外，不能分类非小细胞因组织不足导致的基因检测失败率更高，可能与不能分类的非小细胞癌分化更差，需要更多组织切片进行多项免疫组化染色相关。
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Single cell RNA sequencing of mouse DRG neurons has identified 11 distinct subsets of neurons 4. To determine whether particular DRG neuronal populations are enriched with DEGs, we created heat maps for each model that show expression of every neuronal DEG (fold change >±1.5 fold; p<0.05) and compared this with the basal expression of each gene in the Usoskin et al. dataset 4 ( Figure 7A–F, Supplementary Figure 1A–F). Next, the percentage of DEGs was correlated with each subpopulation of DRG neurons ( Figure 7G). This indicated that there were no clear trends for the expression pattern of the DEGs for each model, with the exception of oxaliplatin where DEGs clustered in the NF1-5 and PEP2 subgroups (myelinated neurofilament-heavy ( Nefh) positive neurons).
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Baseado nessa literatura segue a tabela 8 , na qual a terapia nutricional do paciente deve alterada de acordo com os sintomas, a evolução clínica e sua tolerância; se, ao passar para uma etapa subsequente, o paciente não tolerar a alteração da dieta, esta deve ser regredida para a etapa anterior.
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Premature ovarian failure (POF), also known as premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), is becoming increasing prevalent recently (1, 2). This condition is characterized by a significant impairment in ovarian function, which has a serious impact on a woman’s physical health and overall well-being. POF not only affects the production of eggs and sex hormones, but also contributes to female infertility (3). Approximately 1-5% of women under the age of 40 experiencing infertility due to POF. As the reproductive system ages 20-30 years earlier than other systems in the body, the effects of reproductive aging can have a profound impact on a woman’s daily life (4, 5). Given the significant increase in life expectancy over the past century, the gap between menopause and life expectancy is growing larger, making it increasingly important to effectively prevent and treat POF.
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As with other studies investigating convergent validity between generic and condition-specific instruments [19, 36, 43], we hypothesised that EPIC-26 domains would be highly correlated with AQoL-6D and SF-6D dimensions that measure similar constructs, such as the sexual domain with vitality on the SF-6D, but this correlation was weak. However, the sexual domain was moderately correlated with the relationship dimension of AQoL-6D and the Bland Altman plots showed strong agreement between both utility scores and the sexual domain at both time points.
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Real time PCR was used for determination of levels of sPLA2-IIA mRNA in brain tissues. Taqman primers and probes specific for human sPLA2-IIA and ribosomal 18S RNA were obtained from Applied Biosystems (Foster City, CA). For each sample (analyzed in triplicate), a pool containing Brilliant qPCR master mix (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA), Taqman probes, along with the cDNA was prepared, and then aliquoted into 96 well microtiter qPCR plates. Each analysis contained a series of diluted samples for standard curve purposes, as well as negative template and negative reverse transcriptase control samples. The real time PCR was carried out under optimized conditions using a Stratagene Mx3000p qPCR instrument. At the end of the run, relative expression results were calculated from the Ct values of each sample using the Mx3000p operating software. Each run was considered satisfactory if the standard curve covering a 1000-fold dilution range gave R2 of > 0.98. Results were expressed relative to levels of 18S ribosomal RNA present in the samples, which were determined in the same manner.
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Wie in allen Beobachtungsstudien müssen die Daten valide gemessen sein. Häufig werden Sekundärdaten von Krankenkassen zur Gewinnung neuer Evidenz genutzt . Hierbei spiegeln die Daten z. B. die Abrechnung wider und nicht immer den exakten zeitlichen und diagnostischen Ablauf der Ereignisse. Weitere Diskussionen mit Expert:innen, Transparenz über die Annahmen sowie Sensitivitätsanalysen sind notwendig, um valide kausale Rückschlüsse ziehen zu können und die Akzeptanz von kausalen Analysen zu fördern.
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Es sollen mindestens 53 FfPaed zur Teilnahme gewonnen werden. Bemessen auf die Bevölkerungszahl Dresdens (Stand 09/2017) wird von einer Grundgesamtheit von 5503 Kindern im Alter von 5 bis 10 Jahren ausgegangen, von denen 85 % (n = 3646/5503) aller gesetzlich versicherten Kinder nach Schätzungen der allgemeinen Ortskrankenkasse für Sachsen und Thüringen an einer U9-, U10- oder U11-Untersuchung teilnehmen. Ausgehend von einer Häufigkeit von 7,9 % für emotionale und 14,8 % für Verhaltensprobleme und einer Ablehnungsquote gegenüber dem Screening von 5 % können 277 (emotionale Auffälligkeiten) bzw. 520 (Verhaltensauffälligkeiten) Kinder positiv gescreent werden und eine Empfehlung zur Teilnahme am Präventionsprogramm erhalten (Abb. 1). Unter der Annahme unterschiedlicher Adhärenz- und Verlustraten je Problembereich (30 % bzw. 40 %) werden konservativ geschätzt in die Intervention 194 bzw. 312 Kinder/Familien eingeschlossen. Für die Posterhebung (12-Monats-Nacherhebung) sollen 165 (132) bzw. 234 (164) Kinder erreicht werden. Diese Fallzahlen würden zugleich ausreichen, zu erwartende mittlere Effekte auf Symptomebene durch die indizierten Präventionsprogramme [2, 6, 8] auf einem einseitigen Signifikanzniveau von p =0,05 und einer Power von 0,8 abzubilden. Konkret müssten 139 Teilnehmer pro Präventionsprogramm eingeschlossen werden, um einen Effekt von 0,3 bei einer Teststärke von 0,8 und A‑priori-Signifikanz von 0,05 zu zeigen.
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Again, considering that the issue of lockdown was not a thing until 2020, I do not see the point of doing such joint/multivariate analysis, whereas, the proportion of males/females that published in 2020 could have just been reported independently. I apologise if this comment might sound too direct, but could it be that authors had to force themselves to use a more sophisticated statistical approach because simple reporting of proportions/stats could have come across rudimentary? Again, I apologise and I am sure that authors understand that the nature of a review sometimes entails direct questions of this nature. There is just limited interaction between these variables especially for 2017-2019 and that makes the use of such joint model very questionable to the reviewer. So could you justify the use of this method (and not choosing to just simply report the split of authorship in 2020 pre-prints)? Does it have to be inferred indirectly from a multivariate probabilistic model?
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Regarding eukaryotic families, the descriptive analysis showed that the most abundant eukaryotic family in the three groups was Saccharomycetales, which accounted for more than 50% of the reads on average. Additionally, the third most abundant family in the three groups, followed by the "Unidentified" family category corresponded to Exobasidiomycetales, which represented on average 15% of the reads (S2B Fig). However, no significant differences were found in the relative abundance of these families between the study groups (p>0.05, [Kruskal-Wallis]).
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Es erfolgte eine 6‑wöchige Teilbelastung der Extremität mit 20 kg Körpergewicht mit anschließender Aufbelastung. Begleitend wurde zur Vermeidung einer Spitzenbelastung im patellofemoralen Gleitlager eine 4‑Punkt-Rahmenorthese mit Flexionslimitierung von 90° verordnet. Bei der ausgeprägt sportlichen Patientin mit hohem Bewegungsbedarf erfüllte die Rahmenorthese auch den Zweck einer allgemeinen postoperativen Aktivitätsreduktion. Nach 12 Wochen war die Vollbelastung wieder erreicht.
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As vasculites e as doenças do tecido conjuntivo a elas associadas proporcionam oportunidades para investigar a fisiopatologia do sistema imunológico dos vasos dos sistemas nervosos central e periférico. A prevalência relatada do envolvimento do sistema nervoso central varia muito; no entanto, é geralmente considerada menos frequente do que a do sistema nervoso periférico. A manifestação mais frequente do sistema nervoso periférico é uma neuropatia puramente sensitiva e, em geral, de evolução insidiosa e a longo prazo. As manifestações neurológicas são causadas principalmente por efeito direto da doença, além de efeitos colaterais das imunoterapias. Pesquisando a bibliografia internacional, não foi encontrada nenhuma ferramenta diagnóstica estabelecida nem um tratamento eficaz para esses distúrbios. No entanto, devem ser levadas em consideração, nesta revisão, algumas limitações, como o fato de os métodos de notificação de complicações variarem consideravelmente, e as frequências relatadas terem sido determinadas a partir de estudos com amostras de tamanho variado, envolvendo muitas faixas etárias. Justificam-se estudos clínicos prospectivos para a identificação precoce de todos os possíveis efeitos colaterais dos medicamentos. É importante a avaliação a longo prazo dos pacientes, para tratamento das recidivas.
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PCR amplification was performed with following primers: BAT25_f (6FAM) TCGCCTCCAAGAATGTAAGT, BAT25_r TCTGCATTTTAACTATGGCTC, BAT26_f (NED)TGACTACTTTTGACTTCAGCC and BAT26_r AACCATTCAACATTTTTAACCC. The PCR reaction contained 1 µM forward and reverse primers, 0.25 µM dNTPs (each), buffer D (Invitrogen) for BAT25 or buffer E (Invitrogen) for BAT26, 0.25 µl AmpliTaqGold Polymerase (Roche). The PCR consisted of an activation of 8 min at 95°C, 45 cycles: 95°C 30 s, 55°C 15 s, 72°C 60 s and ending with an elongation at 72°C for 10 min. The PCR products were controlled by agarose gel electrophoresis and purified with QIAquick PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen, Germany) according to the manufacturer's protocol. 1.5 µl PCR product, 0.5 µl ROX-Standard (Gene Scan 500 ROX Size Standard, Applied Biosystems) and 8.5 µl HIDI formamide (Applied Biosystems) were analysed with GeneMapper and PeakScanner software of the 3130xl Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems).
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Introducere: Spondilita anchilopoetică este o afecțiune sistemică cronică și o boală inflamatorie, cu o dezvoltare preponderent la nivelul scheletului axial, caracteristica majoara a bolii fiind afectarea precoce a articulațiilor sacroiliace, boala evoluând spre anchiloza coloanei vertebrale. Aceștia sunt supuși riscului de fractură, în urma unor traumatisme de intensitate medie sau mică, datorită accentuării cifozei, instalării ulterioare a rigidității și respectiv datorită osteoporozei existente.
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In order to assess the relationship between inflammation and cell death, and taking into account that the TNF-α overexpression could activate proapoptotic pathways in the rats under the high-fat high-fructose diet, PARP cleavage was studied since this protein is a preferred substrate for caspases . The obtained results show that, compared to the control group, the steatotic diet up-regulated PARP cleavage which is essential for cell death signaling. It is noteworthy that apoptotic hepatocytes stimulate hepatic stellate cells and immune cell activation, both being central to the progression of NAFLD and steatohepatitis . However, none of the tested treatments (probiotic or parabiotic administration) significantly avoided this effect. This suggests that the dietary model used in the present study activated apoptosis, albeit treatments were not able to prevent this situation, and thus, they seem not to be effective preventing the progression of hepatic damage towards more harmful stages through this pathway. In fact, Karahan et al. reported that the modulation of apoptosis in a nonalcoholic steatohepatitis model of rats supplemented with a probiotic was different depending on the experimental period or the probiotic administration. Therefore, one limitation of the present study is that the chosen experimental period (6-weeks) seems to be insufficient for prompting DNA breaks and modulating hepatocyte cell death. For this reason, further research with longer experimental periods is needed in order to determine whether the treated animals would gain more benefits from the probiotic and parabiotic, fighting against the hepatotoxicity induced by the steatotic diet.
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Heparinized whole blood was diluted 1:20 in Tyrode’s-HEPES buffer, incubated with saturating amounts of fluorophore-conjugated antibodies for 15 min at RT and analyzed on a FACSCalibur (BD Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany). A list of antibodies can be found in Supplemental Table 2. To determine platelet count and size, platelet populations of double positive cells (αIIbβ3 and GPV) were compared43.
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Recall that \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\varepsilon _E=\sum _{i=1}^{\infty } i\varepsilon _i$$\end{document}εE=∑i=1∞iεi. If \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\varepsilon _E>0$$\end{document}εE>0, then setting \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\omega =0$$\end{document}ω=0 in Proposition 5.1(a) shows that \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\rho =1-f_{D_{\varepsilon }}(z)$$\end{document}ρ=1-fDε(z), where z is the unique solution in [0, 1) of9.1\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\begin{aligned} (\beta +\gamma )z-\gamma =\beta \mu _D^{-1}f_{D_{\varepsilon }}'(z). \end{aligned}$$\end{document}(β+γ)z-γ=βμD-1fDε′(z).If \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\varepsilon _E=0$$\end{document}εE=0, so the epidemic is started by a trace of infection, and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$R_0>1$$\end{document}R0>1 then, using Proposition 5.1(b), \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\rho =1-f_D(z)$$\end{document}ρ=1-fD(z), where z is the unique solution in [0, 1) of (9.1) with \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$f_{D_{\varepsilon }}'$$\end{document}fDε′ replaced by \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$f_D'$$\end{document}fD′.
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Although most microarray applications are research-use-only, this technology is increasingly being used in clinical based genomic applications . For example, microarrays have been used to identify DNA deletions associated with serious human conditions such as cancer , muscular dystrophy , and osteoporosis . In addition, personalized healthcare is a rapidly developing scientific area and microarrays may be utilised in the identification and early detection of treatable diseases . The deletions reported in these previous clinical studies vary in size from 100's of bases to 100's of kilobases. While these studies demonstrate that arrays are an excellent tool for identifying DNA deletions, the density of oligonucleotides required to detect smaller disease-causing deletions remains unclear.
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Rods in the back of tentacle rachis longitudinally arranged, slender and regular with usually two round ends and many small conical or ridge-like warts, occasionally branched and with a few large protuberances, measuring 137–519 × 11–52 μm (Figure 11A). Spindles and scales in polyp body wall transversely or obliquely arranged, elongate and often with a slight midway constriction and many fine warts, usually lobed with irregular shape and rugged and ridged surface in the upper part of the body wall (Figure 10D), and regular and flat in the basal part (Figure 10E), measuring 80–540 × 14–101 μm (Figure 11B). Spindles in coenenchyme slender, usually with two sharp ends and many fine warts on surface, occasionally nearly smooth or with a few irregular protuberances, measuring 203–967 × 11–65 μm (Figure 11C). Inter-polyp coenenchyme with numerous sclerites.
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The temperature-dependent Raman spectra are measured in a backscattering geometry using a home-modified Jobin-Yvon HR800 Raman system equipped with an electron-multiplying charged-coupled detector (CCD) and a ×50 objective with long working distance and numerical aperture of 0.45. The laser excitation wavelength is 514 nm from an Ar+ laser. The laser-plasma lines are removed using a BragGrate bandpass filter (OptiGrate Corp.), while the Rayleigh line is suppressed using three BragGrate notch filters (BNFs) with an optical density 4 and a spectral bandwidth ~ 5–10 cm−1 72. Thus, Raman signal down to 5 cm−1 can be measured73. The 1800 lines/mm grating enables each CCD pixel to cover 0.6 cm−1. The samples are cooled down to 30 K using a Montana cryostat system under a vacuum of 0.4 mTorr and down to 4 K using an attoDRY 1000 cryogenic system. All the measurements are performed with a laser power below 1 mW to avoid sample heating. The temperature is calibrated by the Stokes-anti-Stokes relation for the magnetic Raman continuum and phonon peaks. The intensities in two cryostat systems are matched by the Raman susceptibility. The ARPR measurements40 with light polarized in the ab kagome plane of samples were performed in parallel (XX), perpendicular (XY), and X-only polarization configurations (Supplementary Note 5).
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La recolección de los datos contó con la autorización de la coordinación de la zonal 4 de vigilancia en salud adscrita al Ministerio de Salud Pública, lo que permitió determinar las zonas en la que se presentaron casos diagnosticados como positivos de malaria gestacional en el país. El diagnóstico del laboratorio de paludismo a nivel nacional se hace inicialmente mediante pruebas de diagnóstico rápido (PDR) y, posteriormente, los casos positivos son confirmados mediante gota gruesa y extendido coloreado por personal del Ministerio de Salud Pública.
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Sr44 (SrAgi) перенесен в геном мягкой пшеницы от Thinopyrum intermedium в составе транслокации 7Ai#1S (Cauderon et al., 1973; Friebe et al., 1996). Как и гены Sr25, Sr26, Sr39 и Sr40, ген Sr44 способен эффективно защищать растения от поражения расами семейства Ug99 (Liu W. et al., 2013). В базу данных GRIS внесена информация о четырех сортах мягкой пшеницы, которые несут ген Sr44. В их числе сорт ростовской селекции Донская полукарликовая.
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Frozen aliquots of the final stool suspension were thawed after storage for 1 week, 1 month, and then every 3 months from month 3 to month 18. At each time point, two DNA extraction procedures were used, each in triplicate, starting from the whole 50-μL aliquot. The first (MOLZ) was performed using an Ultra-Deep Microbiome Prep kit (Molzym) for selective enrichment of bacterial/fungal DNA according to the manufacturer's instructions for tissue samples (includes a proteinase K pre-treatment). DNA was recovered in 100 μL of dd-H2O. The second (NS-MAG) protocol (with no bacterial/fungal DNA enrichment) consisted in: (i) a 20-min bead-beating mechanical disruption in a Nucleospin Bead Tube (Macherey-Nagel), (ii) chemical lysis and DNA purification with a MagCore Genomic DNA Tissue Kit (RBC Bioscience), and (iii) DNA elution with 60 μL of Tris–HCl (10 mM pH = 8), as described previously (Lazarevic et al., 2018). Negative extractions controls were not necessary since the bacterial DNA burden in DNA extracts was > 4 orders of magnitude higher relative to the typical DNA yield of blanks obtained using the same DNA extraction protocols (Lazarevic et al., 2018).
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This pattern of inter-individual differences resembles that observed by Froufe et al. (2009) between young and elderly people. In this study, two groups of older adults (one with Alzheimer’s dementia – AD), and one group of younger adults carried out a sequential Stroop task very similar to that of Ortells et al. (2017) (but under single-task conditions), as the proportion of incongruent prime-target pairs was much higher (84%) than that of congruent pairs (16%), and participants were informed of these proportions at the beginning of the experiment. Froufe et al. (2009) found that the younger adults responded reliably faster to the incongruent than to the congruent targets (reversed Stroop), which confirms that they were able to efficiently implement expectancy-based strategic actions in this task. In clear contrast, a non-significant reversed Stroop was found in elderly people without AD, whereas the older adults with AD responded significantly slower to incongruent than to congruent targets (standard Stroop interference). This later finding suggests that, in addition to any decline in strategic processing associated with normal aging, AD is associated with a further reduction in capacity to implement expectancy-based strategies.
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La especie genómica de Acinetobacter spp. fue determinada por ARDRA, de acuerdo con Vaneechoutte et al18. En resumen, el ADN de un cultivo de una noche en caldo LB a 37°C fue extraído utilizando el kit "Easy-DNATM" (Invitrogen, life technologies (r)) de acuerdo con las instrucciones del fabricante. Después de la electroforesis, el gel se tiñó con bromuro de etidio (1.5 μg/mL) y se analizó en un FOTO/Analyst(r) Investigator/FX Systems (FOTODYNE Incorporated). Para cada muestra, la reacción de PCR se realizó para la amplificación del gen 16s ADNr utilizando el siguiente par de cebadores: Acf5'-TGG CTC AGA TTG AAC GCT GGC GGC-3'y Acr5'-TAC CTT GTT ACG ACT TCA CCC CA-3'. Los productos de PCR se digirieron con las siguientes enzimas: CfoI; Alu; Mbo; y MspI (Fermentas (tm)) y separados por electroforesis en gel de poliacrilamida (PAGE 8.0%).
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Second, we proposed the Seq_Transformer module based on self-attention to extract temporal contextual features. Most of the existing works proposed for CircRNA-RBP prediction, such as DMSK , CRBPDL , iCircRBP-DHN , and CRIP, etc., mainly use RNN such as LSTM or GRU for capturing temporal dependence. However, the computation of RNN or its variants is sequential, i.e., calculatiing results of time step t must depend on that of time step t-1, which dramatically limits the parallelism. In addition, long-term dependency is prone to loss during propagation along the sequential RNN network. LSTM and GRU adopted some gating mechanisms to mitigate this problem to a certain extent, but the effectiveness of gating mechanisms is undesirable for long-term dependencies. Therefore, compared with the models based on the Self-Attention mechanism, these models suffer from insufficient parallelism and poor ability to capture long dependencies. However, the attention mechanism has seldom been employed to extract features directly in this field. Up to now, only Yang et al. used the Attention mechanism in the iCircRBP-DHN model they proposed in 2020. But in iCircRBP-DHN, the attention mechanism was not employed as a direct feature extractor but as a supplement to the GRU mechanism, i.e., iCircRBP-DHN use the attention modules to capture features after GRU processing, which to some extent destroys the dependency relationship of the original data and makes the Attention mechanism play little role. In their subsequent work, i.e., the HCRNet proposed in 2022, they omitted the attention mechanism. In HCRNet, Yang et al. used DTCN to extract discriminative information from hybrid features and combine the parallelism of CNN with residual connection, and thus making various perceptual field sizes available and gradients stable. DTCN alleviates the limitations of RNN regarding to parallelism to some extent. However, it is still limited by the fixed perceptual field size of CNN, and the two issues of existing models, i.e., insufficient parallelism and inefficiency in capturing long-term dependencies, still exist. In contrast, in CircSSNN, after the initial multiple features were integrated into a unified one, feature extraction is performed directly using Seq_Transformer without intermediate processing by RNN or its variants. As a result, we solved the above two issues by adopting the Seq_Transformer. The advantages of Seq_Transformer can be analyzed as follows. First, it is constructed based on the Attention mechanism rather than sequential structure, so its calculation can be performed in the format of matrix multiplication, which can be easily parallelized and accelerated by modern deep learning frameworks based on GPUs. Second, by using the Seq_Transformer, the distance between any two positions in the sequence can be reduced to a constant, and long-term dependence can be effectively captured. In addition, due to the excellent parallelism of the Seq_Transformer, we can make the full use of multi-headed attention to focus on contextual information from different locations simultaneously. Therefore, the deep structure features extracted by the Seq_Transformer have good classification performance.
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Another example in this direction is represented by the co-occurrence between DNMT3A and TET2 mutations, which, in theory, should have opposing effects. Interestingly the double knockout of TET2 and DNMT3A showed that the DNA methylation profile has regions that are cooperatively, competitively, and independently influenced by these alterations with KLF1 being an important transcription factor that is upregulated when both TET2 and DNMT3A are deleted . Thus, TET2/IDH1/2/WT1 mutations might induce different methylation and transcriptomic profiles when associated with DNMT3A alterations.
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MGE has a separate web-based application to review the sample-related output sequencing data, called ELECTRO (Fig 3). The application is designed in a table-like interface, where the users can easily browse the data by user’s sequencing name, submission date, and user ID. All the tabs are sortable, which makes the data reviewing process more efficient and convenient. In addition, ELECTRO integrates an Integrative Genomic Viewer (IGV) interface, that allows the review of each called mutation, by clicking the IGV button. Once the review is finished, ELECTRO incorporates the results editor and generator, which exports the final mutation data to an independent spreadsheet file. With these features users can edit sample’s mutation status details and export the final result. ELECTRO allows the simultaneous online connection of all the data-review team members. This feature allows a real-time review of any sequencing result (Fig 3).
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In a case–case prospective study, CD40-1C>T polymorphism (rs1883832) in peripheral blood was found to be associated with brain vessel re-occlusion after fibrinolysis in the early phase (within 3 h) after stroke onset (78). It was also reported that a large number of genes showed altered expression in the peripheral blood of humans as early as 3 h after IS onset, which was mainly attributable to neutrophils and was thought to contribute to tissue damage after stroke (79). Gene expression profiles in the peripheral blood (within 3 and 5 h after stroke onset) differ after cardioembolic compared with large-vessel atherosclerotic stroke (80). More specifically, genes showing altered expression in large-vessel atherosclerotic stroke were associated with platelets and monocytes and are known to be involved in the modulation of hemostasis, whereas those that were altered in cardioembolic stroke were expressed in neutrophils and related to the immune response to infection (80).
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Original quote in Italian: “Quindi ovviamente la scelta del paziente è essenziale però c’è una varietà di atteggiamento dal punto di vista della tecnologia, microinfusore si, microinfusore no, con tempi diversi della persona, del bambino, della famiglia… a volte c’è una famiglia che lo vuole e il bambino no e viceversa”.
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The main challenges to improve medical cancer survivorship research involve steps to: (a) integrate cancer survivorship research into cancer research activity in Europe, including specific programmes for children and young adult survivors; (b) improve robust research prioritization using the benefit of data intelligence and long‐term data collection; (c) support interdisciplinary research activity in the survivorship domain and appropriate survivorship research tools; (d) educate the next generation of clinical investigators on the need for long‐term follow‐up; and (e) develop appropriate infrastructures for long‐term medical follow‐up within and outside oncology units and perhaps conduct research to create training for innovative healthcare professionals dedicated to long‐term cancer survivors.
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Plasma concentration vs. time profile of acetylsalicylic acid after oral and sublingual administration of aspirin either standard crystalline and micronized and co-grinded with collagen (MC + coll) (detected via LC-MS and expressed as ng/mL−1) of healthy subjects (n = 10 for each treatment) after dosing with 50 and 100 mg/daily of both formulations (Graphs A–D). Curves display changes of levels of acetylsalicylic acid after administration of the first and seventh dose of aspirin of both formulations. Graphs E and F show the area under the curve (AUC calculated as ng/dL/h) and Cmax (expressed as ng/dL), respectively, of acetylsalicylic acid serum concentrations after oral or sublingual administration of both aspirin formulations (standard or MC + coll) given in healthy volunteers (n = 10 for each treatment). In G are shown the changes of TXB2 serum levels detected via ELISA immunoassay in subjects treated with oral standard aspirin vs. sublingual administration of MC + coll formulation. Data show that the decrease of serum TXB2 occurs earlier in subjects treated sublingually with aspirin MC + coll compared to the standard oral administration of 50 and 100 mg, respectively. Similar effect was seen in urinary 11-dehydro-TXB2, the metabolite of TXB2, thus reflecting a better effect of sublingual aspirin MC + coll formulation on platelet COX enzyme.
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O estado de emergência global decretado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), em março de 2020, devido à doença pelo coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19) causada pelo coronavírus da síndrome respiratória aguda grave 2 (SARS-CoV-2), um agente etiológico de rápida propagação e causador de grave doença,(1,2) trouxe repercussões não somente às pessoas afetadas pela doença, mas também aos trabalhadores da saúde, responsáveis por essa assistência. A contaminação e o adoecimento dos profissionais envolvidos no atendimento dos pacientes são realidades na pandemia, inclusive com o registro de 364 casos de óbito de trabalhadores da saúde por essa infecção até a 49ª semana epidemiológica de 2020 no Brasil.(3) Nesse sentido, urge a necessidade de acompanhamento desses grupos com maior potencial de adoecimento, a partir da atuação em setores específicos, como a linha de frente de cuidado com a saúde.(4)
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Many informants did not differentiate between bacterial and viral infections. This may be due to a lack of English vocabulary, a lack of differentiation in the concepts in their mother tongue, or may represent a confusion of the terms and lack of health literacy, something equally true of the general Australian population. For example, in Thai the terms for viruses and bacteria are not differentiated, all are called เชื้อ chua, and medicine is described in terms of its action: antibiotics and anti-inflammatories are commonly called ยาแก้อักเสบ yaa gae aksaep—‘medicine against infection/inflammation’—as opposed to ยาแก้ปวด yaa gae puat—‘medicine against pain’, etc. It would not be unusual therefore for a Thai speaker not to differentiate between these terms, particularly if they were not educated in biomedical terms. This implies that health messages denoting antibiotics are only appropriate for bacterial infections may not be clear.
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Novel genes associated with praziquantel exposure of adult Schistosoma japonicum in vivo. Early (0.5 h to 4 h) and later (12 h to 24 h) responses for female and male parasites are presented normalised to time point 0 (expression = 1) for each sex as a fold ratio.
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Brain sections were stained with haematoxylin for 30 s and then washed in water. Sections were treated with a thioflavin-s solution (10 mg/ml) for 5 min and then with a 70% ethanol solution for 5 min. After washes with water, sections were mounted using Fluorescent Mounting Medium (Dakocytomation) and analysed using a Nikon Eclipse E400 microscope with a FITC filter.
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L'accident ischémique cérébral (AIC) du sujet jeune de moins de 45 ans s'authentifie à l'ensemble des AVC par sa présentation clinique et sa prise en charge initiale. En revanche les AIC du sujet jeune se distinguent de part leurs aspects étiologiques et les thérapeutiques qui s'en suivent et ils représentent 10% de l'ensemble des AVC quelque soit l’âge . Il est à noter également que les AIC du sujet jeune posent un problème de diagnostic différentiel avec certaines pathologies aussi fréquentes dans cette tranche d’âge exigeant ainsi une enquête étiologique attentive. L’évolution et le pronostic sont en général meilleurs par rapport aux atteintes du sujet âgé, tout de même une meilleure prise en charge et surtout l’éviction des récidives, nécessite d'appréhender la bonne démarche diagnostique et thérapeutique.
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Many nurses who were qualified to perform specific functions (e.g., Pap tests and STI tests) were ‘tasked’ with these responsibilities during busy time periods in clinics, but only completed these procedures when the clinic physician was too busy and there was a back up of clients in the waiting room. In some clinics, there appeared to be incorrect delineation of tasks between physician and nurse, which in the following case resulted in a lengthy delay in following up with youth who have tested positive for a STI at a physician's office:
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Besides HD, ecosystem of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) has been evaluated in a study applying scRNA-Seq focusing on 14,000 CD3+ T lymphocytes (and a median of 1,200 genes) from four healthy skin donors and five advanced stage patients. The results revealed large inter-patient heterogeneity and no overlap with normal skin samples (42). Twenty-six clusters were identified and cell types annotated with normal dermis signatures. Greater heterogeneity was found at the level of lymphocytes, macrophages, keratinocytes, and fibroblasts. A gene expression signature identifies highly proliferative T cells, among which 17 genes were shared by all five patients’ samples, including two markers assessable by IHC to diagnose aggressive CTCL. Over-expression of TIGIT, LAG3 and TIM3 by CD8+ and CD4+ T cells (exhaustion signatures) indicated strong rationale for immunotherapies in this disease. Presence of TIGIT+ Treg correlated with lack of granzyme B and perforin in infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Such differences in malignant and reactive T lymphocytes in CTCL have been also reported in circulating form of a CTCL subtype (mycosis fungoides), called Sézary syndrome. Another group investigated this latter condition using scRNA-Seq and unraveled the importance for disease evolution of transitioning from FOXP3+ malignant T cells to GATA3+ or IKZF2+ cells. This transcriptional heterogeneity could be used to inform on prognosis, with FOXP3 and another set of 19 genes being involved in early progression in CTCL cases (43).
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The odd one out of the stimuli in this inverse relationship between EE-induced increases and stimulus parameter (amplitude or velocity) was the stimulus waveform mimicking whisker motions seen in exploratory, free-whisking behavior. For this stimulus, the EE effect was non-monotonic with greatest effects at intermediate amplitudes than at higher amplitudes where EE effects either plateaued or even decreased in relative potency compared to the EE effects at intermediate amplitudes. EE influences exploratory behavior (Dell'omo et al., 2000; Frostig, 2006), thus making a stimulus that mimics exploratory whisker motion most relevant for investigation of EE effects. It is interesting to speculate that the maximization of EE effects to particular amplitudes of free, exploratory whisking may be linked to the effects of EE on exploratory behaviors—does EE promote rat behavior such that the animals are more likely to explore objects when the object is at a particular distance from the animal, i.e., does the animal tend to position itself so that it can best explore an object at a certain distance away? Szwed et al. (2006) have shown that spike rate is particularly important in encoding (in trigeminal ganglion neurons) radial distance of an object and whisker exploration of environmental objects and the EE-induced optimization of firing rate at particular amplitudes may be seen to support this hypothesis. However, against this is that an object a certain fixed distance from the animal will be at different radial distances along the length of whiskers arrayed across the rostro-caudal axis of the mystacial pad. Thus, the relevance of the EE-induced increase in firing rate at particular deflection amplitudes for this specific stimulus alone remains unknown.
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Przy przyjęciu do kliniki dziewczynka była w stanie ogólnym dobrym, eutroficzna (masa ciała 50-75 centyl, wzrost 50 centyl, BMI 50-85 centyl). W badaniu fizykalnym, poza niewielką skoliozą w odcinku piersiowym i ubytkami próchniczymi, nie stwierdzono odchyleń od normy. Wykonane badania laboratoryjne z nieprawidłowości ujawniły jedynie nieznacznie przyśpieszone OB (16 mm), przy prawidłowym CRP (0,4 mg/l) oraz liczbę płytek krwi powyżej górnej granicy normy (PLT 504 10^3/uL). W badaniu ultrasonograficznym jamy brzusznej został opisywany prawidłowy obraz narządów wewnętrznych i przestrzeni zaotrzewnowej.
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CYP2C, CYP2D, CYP2E and CYP3A were found to be the most abundant CYP subfamilies in the different age groups of the first experiment. These results agree with the hepatic CYP protein abundance profile of 12-week-old conventional pigs (hybrid sow x Piétrain boars, 8 male and 8 female animals) (Schelstraete et al., 2019). In the latter, CYP2A was found to be the most abundant in the liver, followed by CYP2D, CYP3A, CYP2E, CYP2C and CYP1A (Schelstraete et al., 2019). In our second experiment, CYP2C, CYP2D and CYP3A subfamilies were the most abundant in the male adult Göttingen Minipig whereas the CYP2A, CYP2C and CYP2D subfamilies were the most abundant in adult females. This accords with previous research (Achour et al., 2011; Millecam et al., 2018), although CYP2A19 had a remarkably lower abundance (3.5%) in males in ours compared to these other studies. CYP2A19 was the most abundant CYP isoform in 2 adult male Suffolk White pigs (34%) (Achour et al., 2011) and was among the most abundant isoforms in 6-month-old male conventional pigs (Large white x Land race, Seghers hybrid) (12%) (Millecam et al., 2018). Based on these differences, CYP2A19 protein abundance could be breed-dependent, but data regarding its ontogeny remain scarce. Nevertheless, CYP2A19 sex-related differences with higher protein expression in female in comparison to male Göttingen Minipig, were in accordance with earlier studies (Rasmussen et al., 2011; Kojima and Degawa, 2016; Millecam et al., 2018). Sex-related differences in CYP abundance will be discussed later.
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Mapping of the nicks was performed by sequencing using phage specific primers and native tf DNA as a template. Nicks were identified by drops of signals in the corresponding sites. Quantification of the nicks’ frequencies in phage DNA populations was determined for two nicks (sci-2 and sci-14). To achieve that primer extension reaction was employed. fmol® DNA Sequencing System obtained from Promega and specific 5′-[32P] labeled primers: tf_sci-2∶5′-TAGCCATCAGTCACCACCA-3′ and tf_sci-14∶5′-GGGTAACCAGCCAGAGTGT-3′ were used. To quantify the efficiency of the nicking primer extension reaction were also conducted using tf DNA preparations hydrolyzed with HaeIII restriction endonuclease and the corresponding [32P] labeled primer. Products of these reactions were analyzed using 6% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) in denaturing conditions and gels were autographed with the Cyclone Storage Phosphor System (Packard Instruments Co). Estimation of the percentages of DNA molecules with localized single-chain interruptions was conducted using OptiQuant software.
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Antioxidant properties are much more abundant in the reporting of natural substances than in moisturizing , and the use of antioxidant properties has a good effect in areas such as inflammation and whitening. In this research, we used multiple methods to determine these two natural substances, including DPPH, chucking, reducing power tests intracellular oxidative stress analysis. We found these extracts were particularly effective on the chelating test.
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Our evaluation of currently used statistical methods for analysis of transposon insertion sequencing data reveals substantial flaws in the methodological assumptions, particularly when the samples are paired. We here introduce a new solution to this paired-sample transposon sequencing library problem in the form of a software package—CAFE—which is capable of performing the bioinformatic processing of sequence data from such experiments, as well as performing statistical analysis. The R package part of CAFE can operate on any type of count data from paired transposon sequencing experiments, regardless of if the CAFE tools were used for preprocessing or not. The CAFE package is open source and available from GitHub (https://github.com/bengtssonpalme/cafe) as well as from https://microbiology.se/software/cafe/
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Aufgrund der Ähnlichkeit sozialer Isolation und Einsamkeit in Bezug auf deren Vorliegen und Risikofaktoren werden diese nachfolgend zusammenfassend dargestellt [4, 20]. Zur Bestimmung des Vorliegens von sozialer Isolation und Einsamkeit wurde erhoben, zu welchen Personen aus dem Familien- und Bekanntenkreis (z. B. eigene Kinder, Vereinskolleg/-innen, Nachbar/-innen) sowie dem öffentlichen Bereich (z. B. Pflegekräfte eines ambulanten Dienstes, Friseur/-in, Verkäufer/-in) „14-tägig normalerweise mindestens einmal Kontakt“ bestand. 1,3 % (N = 154) der Teilnehmenden gaben an, dass sie „14-tägig normalerweise“ zu Niemandem aus dem Familien- und Bekanntenkreis persönlichen Kontakt hatten. Keinen Kontakt zu Personen aus dem öffentlichen Bereich hatten 14-tägig 17,1 % (N = 123) der Teilnehmenden. Alle Teilnehmenden hatten „14-tägig normalerweise mindestens einmal Kontakt“ zu Personen aus dem Familien- und Bekanntenkreis oder aus dem öffentlichen Bereich. Der Anteil an Personen, die sich „manchmal“ oder „oft“ einsam fühlen, lag bei 20,8 % (N = 159). Sich „selten oder nie“ einsam zu fühlen, gaben 79,2 % (N = 159) der Teilnehmenden an.
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The PLOS Data policy requires authors to make all data underlying the findings described in their manuscript fully available without restriction, with rare exception (please refer to the Data Availability Statement in the manuscript PDF file). The data should be provided as part of the manuscript or its supporting information, or deposited to a public repository. For example, in addition to summary statistics, the data points behind means, medians and variance measures should be available. If there are restrictions on publicly sharing data—e.g. participant privacy or use of data from a third party—those must be specified.
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Similar considerations apply to the native cytokine as well as membrane-anchored recombinant TR3 variants. We could demonstrate that spacer-deficient, membrane-anchored TR3 variants were phenotypically identical to native TRAIL, all incapable of engaging their own receptors when coexpressed on the same cell surface (“equivalent polarity” between ligand and receptor), unless a spacer was incorporated into the recombinant TR3 variant (“reciprocal polarity” restored) (Fig. 6c). For example, if one considered cancer cell therapy using patient-derived, genetically engineered effector cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) or tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), one would rather choose the spacer-deficient TR3 variants as they would not trigger short circuit apoptosis signaling and thereby ensuring effector cell survival.
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The survey was closed when approximately 1,000 adults who opened the consent form completed and submitted the survey. Given this study had not been conducted before a sample size calculation could not be determined and the final sample size was determined on the budget available.
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For the recovery of radium and thorium isotopes from seawater, sorbents based on mixed oxides of manganese are most often used. Membrane filters , polypropylene cartridges , acrylate fiber , and cellulose fiber are used as MnO2 supports, as well as granular MnO2 without any support . The sorbent based on acrylic fiber and MnO2 has received the widest application for the preconcentration of radium and thorium isotopes. In addition, the possibility of 234Th recovery from seawater with sorbents based on Fe(OH)3 was reported in . It was successfully used by us , and a high sorption efficiency of 234Th was defined.
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After 7 d N-starvation, B. campestris roots were immersed in measuring solutions containing different N forms (1 mmol L–1 NH4Cl, 1 mmol L–1 NaNO3, 0.25 mmol L–1 NH4Cl + 0.75 mmol L–1 NaNO3) to monitor net NO3 – and NH4 + fluxes. Net NO3 – and NH4 + flux curves are shown in Figures 1A–C . Net NO3 – fluxes fluctuated gently in sole NO3 – ( Figure 1A ) or mixed N ( Figure 1C ). In contrast, net NH4 + fluxes increased transitorily, then decreased gradually and subsequently increased in sole NH4 + ( Figure 1B ), whereas net NH4 + fluxes changed stably in the mixed N treatment (0.25 mmol L–1 NH4Cl + 0.75 mmol L–1 NaNO3) ( Figure 1C ). Compared with fluxes in sole N source, NO3 – fluxes were decreased in mixed N forms and NH4 + fluxes were close to the fluxes of sole NH4 + (1 mmol L–1 NH4Cl) which did not decrease with increasing NH4 + concentration ( Figures 1A–C ). Thus, the mixed N treatment significantly enhanced total N fluxes ( Figure 1D ) under the same total N conditions (i.e. 3.53-fold for sole NO3 –, 1.25-fold for sole NH4 +).
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The Ramadan-based TRE studies suggest that the religious fast may lead to a disruption of the circadian rhythm with lower morning cortisol levels and higher evening cortisol levels. However, it remains unclear whether this is indeed a disruption or delay in the circadian rhythmicity of cortisol. The review by BaHammam et al. noted that the shift delay in the biological clock seen in some Ramadan studies is multifactorial and impacted by sleep/wake schedule, sleep duration, light exposure, caloric consumption, and energy expenditure . They concluded that restricting mealtime to the early evening and predawn times, accompanied by good sleep during Ramadan, would not affect the biological clock.
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Prefractionation of serum samples by MB-WCX and MALDI-TOF MS identified up to 67 peaks, of which 24 showed significantly different m/z peaks among ccRCC patients, healthy controls, pre- and post-operative ccRCC samples, with P<0.05 according to the Wilcoxon rank sum test (Table 2). In the component analysis, a bivariate plot of preoperative ccRCC patients (red), healthy controls (green), and postoperative ccRCC patients (blue) showed few overlapping regions among the three groups (Fig. 1A). Overall, the three groups showed protein profiles ranging from 1 to 10 kDa (Fig. 1B). Within this mass range, a significant number of differentially expressed proteins or peptides could be detected.
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Los principales resultados de este estudio muestran cambios en la prevalencia de consumo actual de tabaco en adultos respecto a encuestas anteriores, deficiencias del MS en hacer cumplir la Ley antitabaco y, específicamente, en proteger a la población de la exposición pasiva al humo y de la publicidad de la industria tabacalera, así como debilidades en los centros asistenciales que ofrecen ayuda para dejar de fumar.
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Cette étude est une première du genre se déroulant dans le seul service de référence de prise en charge des cancers ORL et cervico-maxillo-faciaux au Togo, elle constitue ainsi une base de données pouvant servir pour des études ultérieures et pour la mise en place d’un registre des cancers.
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The effects of sodium salicylate on PPI of the Preyer reflex and WBS were investigated in an additional subset of GPs (n = 4). Mean baseline PPI was assessed in each GP (minimum three sessions/maximum six sessions over two weeks), prior to administration of sodium salicylate (350 mg kg−1; i.p.) dissolved in saline. Behavioural and neurophysiological effects of salicylate, when administered at this dose, have been demonstrated previously in GPs (Norena et al., 2010). PPI was subsequently measured at 2 h and 5 h post-injection, and again at 72 h to establish whether PPI had recovered to baseline levels. Data from all animals were pooled and the effects of salicylate on the Preyer and WBS responses were assessed statistically for each background noise condition at each time point with a two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test. It has previously been demonstrated that the significant decrease in amplitude of the WBS following noise exposure, owing to reductions in hearing thresholds, may render changes in PPI difficult to interpret (Lobarinas et al., 2012). To account for this in our interpretation, raw amplitudes for both reflexes were analysed before and 2 h following sodium salicylate injection.
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Column designation, from left: (column 1) Variant: wild‐type (WT) or mutant ELAC2. (column 2) number of times variant processing experiments were performed. (column 3) The ratio of mutant to WT concentration depending on the impairment factor. (columns 4–6) k cat, K M, k cat/K M: values reported are means of replicate experiments. Values following ± are standard errors. (columns 7–9) k cat, K M and k cat/K M relative to WT (e.g., the quotient [k cat mutant]/[k cat WT]). *Reported variant relative to WT values are the means and standard errors for specific experiments performed on the same day, rather than the compiled values at the top of the table, therefore differ from results that would be obtained by comparing values in columns to the left with aggregate means for WT (first row). Regular font – no impairment of enzymatic activity (>0.8 of WT) or not statistically significant. Italic – mild impairment of enzymatic activity (0.8 ‐ 0.2 of WT).
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Далее приведены данные успешного применения технологии HIGS как потенциального инструмента борьбы с паразитическими нематодами. Интересные результаты получены при попытке использования HIGS в качестве мишени гена M. incognita, кодирующего PPN-эффектор Mi-MSP2, участвующий в супрессии защитного ответа растения-хозяина. Трансгенные растения, экспрессирующие такие дцРНК, характеризовались сниженной на 88 % экспрессией гена-мишени у самок нематоды, а также уменьшенной на 80 % продукцией яиц (Joshi et al., 2019). Применение этой технологии для защиты растений баклажана показало, что дцРНК стабильно экспрессировалась в трансгенных формах вплоть до третьего поколения от самоопыления и обеспечивала высокий уровень защиты от нематоды (Chaudhary et al., 2019). Для M. incognita, одного из наиболее опасных вредителей растений, обладающего широким кругом хозяев, экспериментально доказана эффективность HIGS для нескольких генов, включая PPN-эффекторы (Shivakumara et al., 2017; снижение продуктивности самок нематоды составило 40–70 %), ген стерол-связывающего белка (Shivakumara et al., 2019; снижение продуктивности нематод до 50 %), ген L-цистеиновой протеазы (Dutta et al., 2015; снижение продуктивности на 60–80 %), гены кутикулярного коллагена (Banerjee et al., 2018; снижение продуктивности нематод до 80 %, структурные аберрации у личинок).
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Salmonella is the aetiological agent of both human and animal salmonellosis, a very common and widely spread enteric disease. Over 7,500 human cases of Salmonella infections were reported in the United Kingdom (UK) in 2013 . It has been estimated that 55 % to 95 % of human salmonellosis cases are foodborne and that approximately 9 % are attributable to direct animal contact [2–5]. With respect to salmonellosis cases that may be attributable to pets the estimates are lower at approximately 3 % . According to the reports of physicians and veterinarians, salmonellosis rates as the second most serious zoonotic disease after toxoplasmosis. It poses most risk to children, the elderly and immunocompromised humans [7, 8].
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Creatinine level increases of at least 30% from baseline occurred in 158 of 2354 individuals (6.7%) on the first follow-up laboratory measurement in participants prescribed RAASIs. Preservation of baseline creatinine level (<30% increase) was more frequent in less advanced CKD (2298 of 4198 [54.7%] vs 241 of 463 [52.1%]; P = .002) (Table 2). Among individuals with normal baseline potassium level, hyperkalemia (≥5.0 mEq/L) occurred in 251 of 2354 (10.7%) and hypokalemia (<3.4 mEq/L) in 64 of 2354 (2.7%) on the first follow-up laboratory measurement. Hyperkalemia was more common in CKD stages 4 to 5 compared with stage 3 (96 of 463 [20.7%] vs 317 of 4198 [7.6%]; P < .001). As expected, differences between the RAASI and diuretic groups for hyperkalemia (251 [10.7%] vs 162 [7.0%]; P < .001) and hypokalemia (64 [2.7%] vs 196 [8.5%]; P < .001) (Table 2).
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Except for plant diversity estimation, the methodology used in the present study can help in recovering estimates made through remote sensing data for other ecological applications41,42. Ecological condition evaluations, such as riparian condition43, vegetation eco-restoration44 and forest cover mapping45, all of which are variables derived from satellite or airborne imageries at a grain of 30 m or coarser, might be improved by hyperspectral data and stepwise linear regression on narrower sensitive wavebands. To improve airborne imagery, hyperspectral data tends to average a very large number of fine-plots to provide reflectance at a coarser scale3,23,39. The combination of hyperspectral indices and satellite/airborne imageries through scale conversion can extend the scope of using remote sensing. Directing on desert undergrowth, grassland, and pasture habitats, future efforts will explore the relationships of spatial and spectral resolutions on the performance of each hyperspectral model. Such research will help us to better recognize the trustworthiness of hyperspectral models and the degree of the scope of its application.
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Modern systems biology is a rapidly evolving discipline. In the past, systems thinking was invoked in the context of a variety of systems and processes: from humans [79, 80] to microorganisms [5, 60, 81], animals [82, 83], and plants , and in regards to different levels of biological organization, from molecular subnetworks [70, 74, 76, 85, 86], to cellular interaction networks , cells, entire organs , organisms [80, 83], and even communities of organisms [25, 30]. Areas that have proven particularly fruitful for systems biology include studies of biochemical networks and applications to microorganisms [60, 61, 73, 89–93].
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A systematic review was performed to determine the role and efficacy of non-surgical treatments for early DD and to provide an evidence base for the management of these patients. The search strategy and search terms were based on a Participants, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes and Study (PICOS) design (Additional file 1). A literature search was performed using controlled subject headings and free text terms for “Dupuytren’s disease” and “non-surgical therapies”. A broad range of terms covering pharmacological therapies, radiotherapy and physical therapies were used to formulate a comprehensive and inclusive search strategy for non-surgical therapies for early DD. The protocol was registered (CRD42015008986) with the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews .
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Abrin, a toxin isolated from the seeds of Abrus precatorius (jequirity pea), belongs to the family of Type 2 ribosome inactivating glycoproteins (RIP) . As such, abrin consists of two subunits, the enzymatic A-chain (ATA) that depurinates a specific adenine residue of the 28S ribosomal RNA of the 60S subunit, thereby arresting protein synthesis; and the B-chain (ATB), a lectin that binds galactose residues at the cell surface, thereby mediating toxin internalization into the cells . Owing to its high toxicity, relative ease of purification, and accessibility, abrin is considered a biological threat agent by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Indeed, over the past decade, terrorist plots involving the use of abrin as a biological threat agent were uncovered prior to their execution .
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(i) A subcoring and slicing system (Figs 1 and 2), which enables a central subcore (20 mm) to be obtained from a core section and then for this to be sequentially sliced (using a manually rotated blade), with each slice being transferred (using a rotating central section) to a low pressure (max. 25 MPa) vessel with a large ball valve. Two cameras behind sapphire windows enable: (i) the subcore to be viewed as it is extruded, to ensure that sediment is present and gas voids or other disturbances are absent, and to allow for targeting of specific features, e.g. gas hydrates, sapropel layers or mineral deposits (Fig. 2C) and (ii) that the slice has been transferred to the pressure vessel (camera attached to the pushing rod, Fig. 1B). Anaerobic mineral salts medium is already in the pressure vessel (Fig. 1C), so thorough shaking produces a sediment slurry for use as inoculum.
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There are many individual traits that can exert an effect on the microbiome. Sex differences within the microbiome are a debated topic because there are reports both supporting and refuting this notion, but it is likely that other variables such as diet, age, and genotype (14, 34, 48) are masking a real sex effect. When these sources of variability were controlled for in mice, there was a clear effect of sex on the microbiome that included diet interactions and was mediated, in part, by sex hormones (14). Obesity is another trait associated with the microbiome (22) where consistency has been questioned (38). Obesity is most commonly defined by BMI, but the calculation does not take into account body composition, and here, it appears body fat (%) has a stronger relationship with the microbiome. It is possible that the mechanism is related to levels of systemic inflammation because both body fat and aging (49) have been associated with increased inflammation, and inflammation has been correlated with microbiome changes (50–52). In fact, exceptionally healthy old Chinese individuals had similar microbiomes as healthy young people (53), suggesting that health status, not age, may be the most important. Aging has been associated with changing taxa, but diversity appears to be stable within adults (15, 16, 54) until about 80 years of age, when it starts to decrease (15). The range in this study was 21 to 65 years old, and alpha diversity did not significantly change. All of these traits appear to be important factors in shaping the microbiome.
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We cannot and should not expect surrogates to accurately and quantitatively predict all clinical outcomes. The relationship between a blood or urine test and a clinical outcome will rarely be a perfect linear proportional relationship, nor can a surrogate endpoint quantitatively predict the complex interplay of severity, progression, and other clinical factors on a given clinical outcome. The surrogate can provide a clear indication that the treatment effect is occurring and that the probabilistic outcome of clinical benefit is substantially improved. A reasonable degree of predictive value and risk must be determined, based on sound science, to allow therapies to begin the path to development. Discussion between patient groups, biotechnology leaders, drug developers, and regulatory authorities is essential to develop clear criteria for rare or ultra-rare diseases, detailing necessary features of a usable surrogate endpoint that will protect patients and guide early research toward providing the needed information. Clear criteria are also essential to biotechnology companies and investors since only a high degree of certainty regarding the feasibility of a surrogate-endpoint driven pivotal study will increase the incentive to initiate development programs in many rare diseases. If a reasonable guidance were provided which defines scientifically-sound surrogates and achievable qualification criteria for the AA pathway to biotechnology companies, investors, and patients alike, rare disease drug development could potentially grow many fold as renewed biotechnology investment becomes plausible. Difficult and tragic diseases will then finally have a chance to be treated based on cutting-edge science.
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Er werd een prospectieve cohortanalyse uitgevoerd. Patiënten met bioptbewezen prostaatkanker, die waren behandeld met RARP tussen januari 2017 en april 2020 werden geïncludeerd. Combinaties werden vergeleken van algehele anesthesie en een transverse abdominis plane (TAP)-blok, met clonidine of ketamine, of een penisblok, of perivesicale infiltraties, en/of periurethrale infiltraties met ropivacaïne 20 ml 0,25%. De groepsgrootte (n = 42) was gepowered op 50% reductie van blaaskrampincidentie. Middels logistische regressie en linear mixed models werden verschillen tussen de blaaskrampincidentie (ja/nee), ernst (schaal 0-4) en algehele pijn (schaal 0-10) op de verkoeverkamer onderzocht.
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