text
stringlengths 164
66.8k
|
|---|
In general, we can assume the deformation of each individual image as a dynamic procedure of time variable t. Thus, Ii(t) can be used to represent the deformed image Ii at time t. Next, we use a graph defined in the brain image manifold as follows. Let I(t)={Ii(t)}i=1N be the graph nodes and E = {eij: i,j = 1, …, N} be the edges between two nodes in the graph. eij = 1 means existence of a link between Ii(t) and Ij(t). Otherwise, there is no direct link between Ii(t) and Ij(t) in the graph. Also, we define a N × N weighted adjacency matrix where each element exp (vij(t)) describes the geodesic pathway between two images, such that vij(t) > 0 if eij = 1 and vij(t) = ∞ otherwise. Note that vij(t) denotes the velocity vector of geodesic pathway, which indicates the distance between Ii(t) and Ij(t). Here, deformable image registration is performed to estimate each velocity vector vij(t) and further calculate the deformation pathway between Ii(t) and Ij(t) by exp (vij(t)), where ‘exp’ is the exponential map . Intuitively, the goal of our graph-based groupwise registration is to minimize the velocity vectors along all graph edges, as defined below: F(t)=∑i,j=1Neij‖vij(t)‖2.(3)
|
Rectal temperature was measured using a BAT-12 Microprobe digital thermometer with a RET-3 mouse rectal probe (Physitemp Instruments, Clifton, New Jersey). Mice (2–4-month-old) were gently restrained, and the lubricated probe was inserted 1.5 cm into the rectal cavity to determine body temperature.
|
The crude analyses resulted in significant association between all levels of PA and all wellbeing parameters except for poor mental wellbeing and PA of 150 and 299 min per week (presented in Table 2). The OR of poor sleeping resulted in 2.2 (95% CI 1.2–4.0) for those with a PA of 0 min/week and in 2.5 (1.4–4.4) for those with 1–149 min/week of PA. The OR of stress resulted in 3.9 (95% CI 2.1–7.2) for those with a PA of 0 min/week and in 2.3 (95% CI 1.3–3.9) for those with 1–149 min/week of PA. The OR of poor mental wellbeing resulted in 4.5 (95% CI 2.3–8.6) for those with a PA of 0 min/week and in 2.2 (1.2–4.0) for those with 1–149 min/week of PA. The OR of low vitality resulted in 5.0 (95% CI 2.2–11.5) for those with a PA of 0 min/week and in 2.4 (95% CI 1.3–4.7) for those with 1–149 min/week of PA. When adjusting these findings for age, gender, and level of education all significant OR remained significant (presented in Table 3). The non-significant crude association between poor mental wellbeing and PA of 150 and 299 min/week remained non-significant after adjusting for age, gender and educational level. Adjusting for these parameters increased the majority of the OR confirming the unadjusted results and increasing the risk that low levels of PA has on stress, poor mental wellbeing, and low vitality. For poor mental wellbeing, low vitality and stress the results indicates a trend meaning that the lower level of PA the higher risk for theses outcomes. However, this trend cannot be considered as significant.
|
Given the diversity of study designs and the absence of an agreed tool to assess methodological quality of JITAIs, we did not formally assess risk of bias but provide a narrative summary of the key risks of bias, such as study designs used, uptake and reach. We used the mHealth evidence reporting and assessment checklist (mERA), which includes criteria for reporting what an mHealth intervention is (content), where it is being implemented (context), and how it was implemented (technical features) . Each item was scored as ‘fully reported’, ‘partially reported’ (only some evidence reported) or ‘not reported’, rather than ‘yes’ or ‘no’ as many papers only provided partial evidence on the items.
|
However, as the sample is relatively small, the interpretation of these results should be done cautiously. Although the selection of psychopathology-free female subjects within a narrow age range can be considered as a major advantage of the study, by including only healthy women within a certain age range, we cannot generalize our findings to men, older women or individuals with any form of psychiatric illness. Because we did not a priori select our participants based on their genetic COMT Val158Met profile, the three groups were unbalanced, which might have influenced our results.
|
La verge enfouie congénitale de l’enfant est une pathologie relativement rare et mal connue . Elle est caractérisée par un déficit congénital de longueur de la peau pénienne. Le prépuce peut être serré. Elle est souvent mal diagnostiquée conduisant à une mauvaise circoncision. Le diagnostic est fait devant une taille qui semble réduite de la verge, une miction dans une « chambre préputiale » et des infections urinaires (balanites) . L’aspect de verge enfouie se rencontre souvent chez des enfants en surcharge pondérale. Il est dû à la disposition du tissu cutané .
|
Constatou-se face aos resultados obtidos que existe uma fraca renovação de ar no interior das salas de aulas. A volumetria das salas, o número de ocupantes das salas e as condições climáticas no exterior não possibilitam que o arejamento das salas durante os intervalos seja suficiente para diminuir os níveis de CO2 a valores aceitáveis. Vários estudos recentes, alguns portugueses,( 2 , 16 , 17 ) têm revelado a existência de teores de CO2 elevados em escolas devido à elevada densidade de ocupação e à insuficiente ventilação.( 18 - 21 ) Tais resultados levantam uma série de questões que deverão ser alvo de reflexão por parte dos governantes e de quem tem responsabilidades nessa área, em especial após as últimas reestruturações efetuadas ao nível das escolas e dos agrupamentos. Ao serem criados mega agrupamentos, aumentando, consequentemente, o número de alunos por sala, o número de turmas irá diminuir, o que nos leva a colocar a seguinte questão: Não estaremos a diminuir a qualidade do ar interno e, consequentemente, a diminuir a saúde das crianças?
|
Additional file 1: Table S1. Primer Sequence of Each Gene Locus and PCR Reaction Conditions. Table S2. Primer Sequence of Each Gene Locus and PCR Reaction Conditions. Table S3. The Genotype and Allele Distributions of ACE, ACE2 and CYP11B2 Distribution in the EH Group and Control Group. Table S4. Analysis of the Multiplicative Interactions Between ACE, ACE2 and CYP11B2. Table S5. Analysis of Multiplication Interactions Between ACE, ACE2, CYP11B2 and Noise. Figure S1. The combined model of gene–noise interactions.
|
Il s'agit d'une étude évaluative du risque lié aux médicaments anticancéreux, type « visite de risque » menée sur une période de 15 jours au cours de l'année 2014 au service de cancérologie de l'hôpital régional de Gafsa. Il s'agit d'un hôpital public régional (2 ème niveau) comportant 20 services et faisant l'objet de près de 16000 admissions par an. Le service de cancérologie est un service fonctionnel depuis 3 ans. Le choix de ce service comme lieu d’étude était fait de manière raisonnée du fait de l'utilisation de médicaments à haut risque (anticancéreux). La visite de risque (ou de site) combine plusieurs outils d’évaluation: consultation de documents, questionnaires standardisés, entretiens avec les acteurs du circuit du médicament, une observation en fonctionnement des systèmes étudiés et la réalisation des différentes mesures sur site. Cette méthode d’évaluation est inspirée de celle conduite auparavant par le projet « SECURIMED ». Ce dernier a été développé par le Comité de Coordination de l'Evaluation Clinique et de la Qualité en Aquitaine (CCECQA), en France . Dans notre travail cinq étapes étaient menées successivement. Première étape: présentation du groupe de travail de la visite de risque. Deuxième étape: consultation des documents disponibles au niveau du service et portant sur la sécurité du circuit du médicament. Troisième étape: observation du circuit des anticancéreux par le groupe de la visite. Cette étape avait évalué les vulnérabilités et les défenses à l'aide de deux types de check-list: une pour les services cliniques et la seconde pour le service de pharmacie. Quatrième étape: entretiens individuels avec les professionnels. Ces entretiens ont été effectués auprès des médecins, des pharmaciens et d'infirmiers présents lors de la visite à l'aide de questionnaires spécifiques pour chaque catégorie professionnelle afin de connaitre les vulnérabilités et les défenses perçues par les professionnels et leurs attitudes. Cinquième étape: restitution à la fin de la visite de risque. Au cours de cette étape, les principales défenses identifiées, les défenses absentes ou présentes mais non opérationnelles, et les perspectives d'amélioration ont été communiquées aux professionnels du service Groupe de travail. Cette visite de risque a été menée par un groupe de travail pluridisciplinaire formé par deux médecins spécialistes en cancérologie, deux pharmaciens et une technicienne supérieure en sciences infirmières. Analyse statistique. Une analyse descriptive des résultats des entretiens avec les professionnels de la santé et des observations du circuit du médicament a été effectuée.
|
将放射科CT室采集的患者扫描图像传输到我院放射治疗科，以德国IBA公司生产的Philips-Pinnacle 3放射治疗计划系统制定穿刺计划。该系统原本用于胸部肿瘤的放射治疗计划的制定，我们借用该系统的功能模拟穿刺定位的诸元素，可精确测定病灶所在胸部横断层面与CT扫描时原始定位层面的距离、放射治疗射线投射向病灶中心的方向和深度、射线从皮肤到病灶中心的距离及病灶边缘与胸膜的距离。我们设想以射线模拟穿刺针，那么射线在皮肤的投射点即为穿刺点，射线方向即为进针角度，皮肤投射点至病灶中心的距离即为进针深度。在治疗计划系统的图像模拟设计中，可提供不同皮肤入射点的相应入射角度和深度数据。因而我们可以选择合适的皮肤进针点，以避开肋骨和血管神经组织。进针角度宜选择水平或垂直位，以避免在实际穿刺时进针角度控制的困难，减少定位误差（图 2）。记录模拟穿刺的数据。
|
Umieralność niemowląt w Polsce w ciągu ostatnich 20 lat uległa znacznemu obniżeniu i trendy spadkowe dotyczyły zarówno umieralności noworodkowej jak i w okresie ponoworodkowym. Największy spadek obserwowany był w latach 1995-2005: umieralności noworodkowej o 4,5 na 1000 urodzeń żywych a umieralności postneonatalnej o 1,0 na 1000 urodzeń żywych. W latach następnych obniżanie obu umieralności miało wolniejsze tempo, bardziej zbliżone do liniowego: odpowiednio 0,9 i 0,5 w okresie 5 lat.
|
File: A string with a maximum size of 255 characters. It indicates the file to be reproduced that is linked to the particular point of interest and is therefore what clients have to download. It will be made up solely of the name of the file and as no two files with the same name may co-exist, it must be the only one stored in its folder with that name.
|
Transposable element (TE) content in flanking regions of candidate effector genes. TE composition of sequences 2 kb (a) upstream and (b) downstream of genes is shown. For each 2‐kb segment, the total cumulative contribution of different TE superfamilies was calculated for each group of genes. Values for all TE superfamilies were added up separately for group 1 and group 2 candidate effectors and noneffector genes. RLC, Copia; RLG, Gypsy; RLX, long terminal repeat retrotransposon of unknown superfamily; RII, long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) of the I superfamily; RIJ, LINEs of the Jokey superfamily; RIX, LINEs of unknown superfamily; RSX, short interspersed nuclear elements; DTT, Mariner.
|
Методика определения уровня 25(ОН)D в сыворотке крови. Анализ крови на 25(ОН)D производился методом хемилюминесцентного иммуноанализа на микрочастицах в центрах ООО «ИНВИТРО». Согласно интерпретации Российской ассоциации эндокринологов 2015 г., уровень 25(ОН)D расценивался как адекватный при показателе ≥30 нг/мл (≥75 нмоль/л), недостаточность — ≥20 и <30 нг/мл (≥50 и <75 нмоль/л), дефицит — <20 нг/мл (<50 нмоль/л), выраженный дефицит витамина D — <10 нг/мл (<25 нмоль/л). Референсный интервал определения: 3,4–155,9 нг/мл.
|
Inspired by the conda-forge project (https://conda-forge.github.io/), BIDS Apps development is centered around a GitHub organization (http://github.com/BIDS-Apps) that maintains a code repository for each BIDS App (see Fig 1). Every repository hosts a Dockerfile describing how to build the container image, a lightweight wrapper for providing a unified command-line interface as well as parsing the BIDS input, and brief documentation. BIDS Apps are an evolution of lightweight wrappers such as the Interface class developed within Nipype , with the added advantage of being programming language agnostic. Since BIDS Apps merely serve the purpose of capturing dependencies and providing a unified way of calling the relevant program (through the command-line interface), the repositories in the github.com/BIDS-Apps organization do not actually host the source code or data of the pipelines and workflows being wrapped: these are contained in the built Docker image stored on DockerHub. Building a BIDS App starts with creating a new repository and populating it with a Dockerfile and a run script.
|
În cazul conţinutului de grupe carboxilice din copolimeri, gradul de umflare al hidrogelurilor creşte cu creşterea pH-ului mediului, datorită repulsiilor electrostatice dintre formele ionizate ale grupelor carboxilice. Diferenţele în gradul de umflare pot fi explicate pe seama pH-ului: în mediu acid grupările –COOH ale copolimerilor sunt nedisociate iar în mediu bazic sunt disociate. În stare disociată, au loc repulsii electrostatice între grupele carboxilice anionice, determinând distanţarea acestora şi creşterea volumului ocupat de moleculele de apă, fenomenul conduce la un grad de umflare mai mare.
|
Once we correct for oil-dependency, the EndoFit index meets our requirement of predictability; hence, we can assert that this metric can be a reliable indicator for forecasting the evolution of income, at the subnational level, in the Mexican economy. We present some sensibility tests in Appendix A4, where we recalculate the competitiveness indexes by removing the oil-dependent states from the sample. These exercises indicate that Endogenous Fitness is a robust indicator, at least in providing proper conditions for the predictability of economic growth. Therefore, we proceed in Figure 6 to describe the ranking for the 32 states according to this index. Notice that there are no radical changes across the sampled years; inclusively, the ranking is rather stable for the top 8 states. Likewise, the bottom 9 states for 2014 are the same as those presented in the list of Figure 1, where petroleum is included in the analysis. However, there are some changes in positions, with the case of Tabasco being the most notorious. This state moves from the last position to 24th place in the alternative ranking, while the state of Campeche also moves up in the ladder. This result implies that the fitness index with the complete sample penalizes those states whose economy depends heavily on the exports of one product. Furthermore, when the aim is to infer the growth of aggregate income without oil, it seems that excluding such a product from the fitness calculation is an appropriate advice.
|
O PEMCDCC em IVC foi criado a partir de uma base teórica de dados clínicos relevantes para essa doença, inseridos no programa de computador SINPE©. Sua funcionalidade foi testada por meio da coleta de informações de prontuários, que foram analisados com a utilização do módulo SINPE© Analisador. Dessa forma, concluiu-se que o PEMCDCC em IVC provou ser um excelente recurso para captação e armazenamento de dados, facilitando futuras pesquisas nessa área.
|
We used HseIF5A (UniProt ID P63241) in a BLAST search to identify the worm counterpart of the human protein. Brugia malayi genome encodes a single protein (UniProt ID A0A0I9R327; GeneID 6106396) with high sequence identity to human (64%) and S. cerevisiae (58%) eIF5A proteins. Importantly, sequence identity levels between BmeIF5A and its counterparts in S. cerevisiae and humans were substantially higher at the protein N-terminal domain (~70 and 80%, respectively) (S6 Fig).
|
When instead assuming that lakes predominantly function as passive open channels (e.g., small boreal and temperate lakes (Jonsson et al. 2003; Stets et al. 2009)), GPPlake, CCPlake, and MINlake are minor, and CO2 emissions are mainly sustained by hydrologic DIC inflow to lakes that is derived from terrestrial inorganic carbon export. In this case, we assumed GPPlake, CCPlake, and MINlake to approach zero in Eq. 1. Thus, with lakes as passive open channels, the DICexport can be estimated as:3\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ {\mathrm{DIC}}_{\mathrm{export}\kern0.5em }=\kern0.5em {\mathrm{DIC}}_{\mathrm{ocean}}+{\mathrm{CO}}_2\_{\mathrm{emission}}_{\mathrm{lake}}+{\mathrm{CO}}_2\_{\mathrm{emission}}_{\mathrm{lotic}}+{\mathrm{GPP}}_{\mathrm{lotic}}+{\mathrm{CCP}}_{\mathrm{lotic}}\hbox{--} {\operatorname{MIN}}_{\mathrm{lotic}} $$\end{document}DICexport=DICocean+CO2_emissionlake+CO2_emissionlotic+GPPlotic+CCPlotic–MINlotic
|
The FlorenceD2A closed-loop system (University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK) comprised a model-predictive control algorithm on a smartphone (Galaxy S4, Samsung, South Korea), which communicated wirelessly with a purpose-made translator unit (Triteq, Hungerford, UK) and the study pump (DANA-R Diabecare, Sooil, Seoul, South Korea) through a Bluetooth communication protocol (appendix). The CGM receiver (FreeStyle Navigator II, Abbott Diabetes Care, Alameda, CA, USA) was inserted into the translator, which translated a serial USB protocol into a Bluetooth communication protocol. The calculations used a compartment model of glucose kinetics17 describing the effect of rapid-acting insulin and the carbohydrate content of meals on glucose levels. We applied a hybrid closed-loop approach in which participants were required to count carbohydrates and use a standard bolus calculator for pre-meal boluses according to usual practice. The bolus calculations provided by the study pump's built-in bolus calculator took into account carbohydrate content of meals, insulin on board, and entered capillary blood glucose readings. The algorithm was initialised by pre-programmed basal insulin rates downloaded from the study pump. Participants' bodyweight and total daily insulin dose were entered at set-up. During closed-loop operation, the algorithm adapted itself to a particular participant. The treat-to-target control algorithm aimed to achieve glucose concentrations of 5·8–7·3 mmol/L, and adjusted the actual concentration depending on fasting versus postprandial status and the accuracy of model-based glucose predictions. Control Algorithm version 0.3.46 was used (University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK) which, compared with that used in our previous study,13 included enhanced adaptation of insulin needs based on analysis of past performance and identification of the time of day when insulin needs are consistently lower or higher. Participants were trained to perform a calibration check before breakfast and evening meal. If sensor glucose was above capillary glucose by more than 3 mmol/L, participants were advised to recalibrate the CGM device. These instructions resulted from in-silico assessment of hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia risks using the validated Cambridge simulator.18 Safety rules limited maximum insulin infusion and suspended insulin delivery at sensor glucose at or less than 4·3 mmol/L, or when sensor glucose was rapidly decreasing.
|
Hydrolysis of pineapple core (Fig. 3) and peel (Fig. 4) with H2SO4 and H3PO4 was investigated using concentrations of 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3% (v/v). Figure 3a shows the sugar composition resulting from the hydrolysis of pineapple core with 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3% (v/v) H2SO4, and Fig. 3b shows the sugar composition obtained from the hydrolysis of pineapple core with 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3% (v/v) H3PO4. In addition, Fig. 3c illustrates the inhibitor composition resulting from the hydrolysis of pineapple core with 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3% (v/v) H2SO4, and Fig. 3d presents the inhibitor composition obtained from the hydrolysis of pineapple core with 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3% (v/v) H3PO4. For comparison, Fig. 4a presents the sugar composition obtained by the hydrolysis of pineapple peel with 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3% (v/v) H2SO4, whereas the sugar composition obtained after the hydrolysis of pineapple peel with 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3% (v/v) H3PO4 is shown in Fig. 4b. Figure 4c reveals the inhibitor composition resulting from the hydrolysis of pineapple peel with 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3% (v/v) H2SO4, and Fig. 4d shows the inhibitor composition after the hydrolysis of pineapple peel with 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3% (v/v) H3PO4. Glucose was the major product in all the cases. The H2SO4 hydrolysis of pineapple peel (Fig. 4a) produced PHB substrate levels that were clearly higher than those obtained from pineapple core (Fig. 3a) (P < 0.05). This result can be attributed to the higher level of α-cellulose in pineapple peel compared with that in pineapple core. In contrast, the H2SO4 hydrolysis of the pineapple core (Fig. 3a) produced a xylose level higher than that obtained with pineapple peel (Fig. 4a), consistent with the high hemicellulose content of pineapple core (Table 1). Interestingly, the H3PO4 hydrolysis of pineapple core (Fig. 3b) yielded a fermentable sugar content of 69.62 ± 0.63 g/L and the highest PHB substrate content, 57.22 ± 1.07 g/L (P < 0.05). Thus, the type of acid was found to strongly affect the types of sugar released from the lignocellulosic biomass.Fig. 3Effects of types and concentrations of acid on a the resulting sugar composition after the hydrolysis of pineapple core with 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3% (v/v) H2SO4; b the resulting sugar composition after the hydrolysis of pineapple core with 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3% (v/v) H3PO4; c the resulting inhibitor composition after the hydrolysis of pineapple core with 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3% (v/v) H2SO4; and d the resulting inhibitor composition after the hydrolysis of pineapple core with 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3% (v/v) H3PO4. The error bars represent the standard deviations (n = 3). An asterisk indicates a significant difference (P < 0.05) Fig. 4Effects of types and concentrations of acid on a the resulting sugar composition after the hydrolysis of pineapple peel with 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3% (v/v) H2SO4; b the resulting sugar composition after the hydrolysis of pineapple peel with 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3% (v/v) H3PO4; c the resulting inhibitor composition after the hydrolysis of pineapple peel with 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3% (v/v) H2SO4; and d the resulting inhibitor composition after the hydrolysis of pineapple peel with 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3% (v/v) H3PO4. The error bars represent the standard deviations (n = 3). An asterisk indicates a significant difference (P < 0.05)
|
The amplification efficiency of each primer pair was determined using a serial dilution set made from a pool of cDNA samples. Relative expression and normalization was conducted using qBASEplus v1.0 . Normalization of the target genes was based on the stable expression of the following reference genes: ATP Binding protein (EgrABP, Eucgr.I01239) and Zinc ion Binding Protein (EgrZIB, Eucgr.D02582). Reference genes were regarded as stable if the mean coefficient of variation (CV) and stability (M) values were below 0.25 and 0.5 respectively. Primers for all genes were designed using Primer Designer 4 v4.20 (Sci Ed Central, Cary, North Carolina, USA) and synthesised by Whitehead Scientific (Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa). The Shapiro-Wilk’s test was used to test for normality of the data with the statistical software package Analyse-it® (Analyse-it Software, Ltd., Leeds, UK). The Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05) was applied to test the significance between samples.
|
The interrelationship between P and Mg occurs in various metabolic processes in plants because Mg is required by the phosphorylative enzymes that incorporate and transfer inorganic P, in addition to being responsible for forming cross-bridges between these enzymes and ATP and ADP . As observed in E. dysenterica, the highest NUE-Mg was found under 200 mg dm−3 P. A similar interaction was observed for the Cerrado species Jacaranda decurrens subsp. symmetrifoliolata, in which P addition increased the Mg concentration in the roots of these plants . P is the most limiting nutrient with respect to growth and biomass production in E. dysenterica seedlings ; in the present work, 200 mg dm−3 P caused increases in macro- and micronutrient use efficiency.
|
Les réactions inflammatoires: comparée à une grande série américaine de 510 enfants, notre série se caractérise par une plus grande incidence de l'inflammation, ceci peut être expliqué en grande partie par l'inobservance du traitement anti-inflammatoire par la majorité des patients. L'inflammation était significativement associée, dans notre étude, à un pronostic fonctionnel moins favorable, et constitue un facteur de risque de développement de cataracte secondaire. Il est important de rappeler que la gestion des réactions inflammatoires postopératoires passe par certaines mesures dont une bonne pratique chirurgicale en insistant sur: l'incision cornéenne pure exsangue, il y a donc moins de contact entre les facteurs d'inflammation apportés par le sang et la chambre antérieure; la diminution du traumatisme de l'iris est obtenue grâce à une bonne dilatation peropératoire , l'aspiration de toutes les masses cristalliniennes et le polissage de la capsule, -une vitrectomie antérieure systématique ; l'implantation dans le sac pour éviter tout contact uvéal source d'inflammation chronique; une cycloplégie et une corticothérapie locale permettent de juguler l'inflammation. Une corticothérapie générale de cinq à dix jours en post-opératoire semble réduire l'inflammation . Certains auteurs utilisent des implants héparinés qui ont montrés leur efficacité dans la réduction de l'incidence des réactions inflammatoires chez l'enfant .
|
Deliberately narrow lists of the chemical and the post-translational modifications under study are associated with the exponential growth of the computational efforts when expanding the number of the monitoring modifications of the modified amino acid residues . The assumption that there are only two PTMs per peptide (of more than 400 types) leads to a 160,000x increase of the search space, and, as a consequence, the growth of the false discovery rates (FDR). The MS detection of the modification normally easier, much more difficult tasks are for researchers to avoid the temptation to search against all existing PTMs in natural modifications and to interpret the obtained data correctly.
|
CypA通过多种机制发挥它对肿瘤的影响。针对肺癌方面，主要表现在促进肺癌细胞的增殖，这与CypA的PPIase活性和CD147分子密切相关。CypA的PPIase活性和分子伴侣效应可以催化合成肺癌细胞生存生长所必须的蛋白，提高肿瘤细胞抵抗各种不良刺激的能力。在H446细胞系中添加拮抗PPIase活性的物质，如CsA等，CypA对H446细胞的促生长效应立刻受到抑制。CypA对H446细胞生长的促进还可能是通过其对ERK1/2信号通路的激活来实现的，CypA首先与CD147结合后再作用于ERK1/2信号通路，拮抗CD147同样能抑制CypA对细胞生长的促进。最近有研究发现，CypA可以通过CD147促进RA患者的炎症细胞分泌金属蛋白酶-9（matrix metalloproteinase-9, MMP-9）。众所周知，MMP-9在恶性肿瘤中可以促进肿瘤侵袭转移的能力，刺激VEGF的分泌，参与多药耐药。虽然尚无完整的实验证据，但是不难想象CypA可以通过CD147的协助，刺激MMP-9在肺癌的发生发展中发挥作用。已有研究证实了CypA对于小细胞肺癌细胞的抗凋亡能力，有人提出CypA可以抵抗缺氧和抗癌药物对于肿瘤的促凋亡作用，但是其分子机制尚不明了，多数人认为这与减少活性氧物质的威胁和线粒体通透性转换孔的调节有关。有关证实CypA参与肿瘤多药耐药的研究认为，高表达CypA的肿瘤细胞对阿霉素和长春新碱的耐药水平均有提高。近期有研究把CypA作为肿瘤治疗的新靶点，希望通过对它的抑制延缓肿瘤的生长。
|
患者血清CEA对疗效及预后的评价：临床上我们在评价EGFR-TKI药物疗效时，发现有些患者服药后临床症状有明显改善，但影像学未有相应改变。EGFR-TKI药物主要通过抑制肿瘤细胞信号传导而发挥抗肿瘤作用，能否仅凭影像学病灶体积变化来评估靶向药物的疗效还有争议。因此，有必要寻找辅助指标完善对疗效的评价。癌胚抗原CEA是血清肿瘤标志物之一，本研究统计学分析显示，服药前后患者血清CEA的变化与疗效及生存高度相关。其中治疗后血清CEA下降组疗效较好、无进展生存期较长，CEA不变组居中，CEA升高组疗效较差、生存期较短。本实验为回顾性研究，能否将血清CEA真正运用于临床疗效及预后的评价还有待前瞻性研究进一步验证。
|
Com o passar dos anos, os avanços médicos, científicos e das condições de vida fizeram com que esses indivíduos não somente chegassem em grande número a idades avançadas, mas também com condições físicas e expectativas para o futuro que excedem o que se observava no passado, mudando os conceitos do que seria “ficar velho”12. Observamos ainda que, salvo poucas exceções, as doenças cardiovasculares são doenças do envelhecimento. No século XVII, o Dr Thomas Sydenham já havia declarado que “um homem é tão velho quanto suas artérias”. De modo que o paciente típico do atendimento cardiológico é uma pessoa mais velha que carrega consigo, além de mais esperanças e anseios, também um número cada vez maior de comorbidades e deteriorações relacionadas ao envelhecimento que complicam o gerenciamento tradicional baseado em diretrizes13. Sabe-se, ainda, que o envelhecimento dá ao aparelho cardiovascular características diversas da juventude 14-16, tornando ainda mais peculiar o atendimento do idoso.
|
HEAT+ project researchers organised two workshops in Addis Ababa bringing together stakeholders in health education and developmental disorders, including representatives from the Ethiopian Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Education, centres for children with autism and/or ID (some of whom were also parents of a child with autism or ID), experts in mental health, autism and health promotion, tutors for community-based health workers and several NGOs including the World Health Organization. The workshops served to gather stakeholders’ views on the existing services for children with autism and the challenges and opportunities to improve these services. The first workshop took place prior to the qualitative interviews and informed our interview schedule. The findings from these interviews were presented at the second stakeholder meeting; the attendees’ feedback and contextualising comments further informed this paper.
|
Raw fastq files barcoded Illumina 16S rRNA paired-end reads were assembled, quality-filtered, demultiplexed, and analyzed in QIIME version 1.8.0 (Caporaso et al., 2010b). Reads were discarded if they have a quality score < Q20, contained ambiguous base calls or barcode/primer errors, and/or were reads with < 75% (of total read length) consecutive high-quality base calls. Chimeric reads were removed using the default settings in QIIME (Haas et al., 2011). After quality control, the remaining sequences were binned into OTUs at a 97% sequence similarity cutoff using UCLUST (Edgar, 2010). Assembled sequence reads were classified into operational taxonomic units (OTUs) on the basis of sequence similarity. The highest-quality sequences from each OTU cluster were taxonomically assigned using the RDP classifier (Wang et al., 2007) and identified using BLAST against reference sequences from the most current Greengenes 97% reference dataset1 (DeSantis et al., 2006; McDonald et al., 2012; Werner et al., 2012). Representative sequences of all OTUs were aligned to the Greengenes reference alignment using PyNAST (Caporaso et al., 2010a), and low abundance OTUs (<0.0005% of reads in the total dataset) were removed (Bokulich et al., 2013). Samples were rarefied to achieve equal coverage per sample and those samples with fewer sequences were not used in subsequent analyses.
|
Analysis was performed by MS/MS for DNR (with 1 ng of DOX as internal reference) and UV/vis for DEX (concentration too high for MS/MS detection) at 240 nm wavelength during the first 5 weeks. After that, the amount of DNR and DEX released were both measured by MS/MS analysis.
|
In Table 3, in years 2006–2008, there were statistically significant differences between malarious and non-malarious villages with regard to the ‘proportion of the households using ITN’; however, these were not confirmed in the more comprehensive regression analysis (Table 4). The distance of the villages from the nearest malaria diagnosis and treatment post showed no statistically significant association with malaria transmission, neither in univariate nor in multivariate analysis. The other three variables in Table 3—i.e., elevation above sea level, proportion of houses with appropriate net window and number of households in each village—showed statistically significant association with malaria transmission (each for 2 or 3 years of the study), and their role in malaria transmission were also assessed as significant in the more comprehensive regression analysis (Table 4, Model No. 1 and Model No. 2).
|
Metabolomics, including targeted and untargeted complementary approaches, is primarily concerned with identification and quantitation of small-molecule metabolites (<1500 Da) . Recently, because of its ability to profile diverse classes of metabolites, untargeted metabolomics has been widely used to compare the overall metabolic composition of different samples . An untargeted analysis approach is mainly applied in metabolite identification through mass-based search followed by manual verification Being a sensitive, efficient, reliable, accurate and nondestructive method, UPLC-QTOF-MS has been widely used recently in this kind of analysis, such as exploring the early detection of mycotoxins in wheat , estimating compliance to a dietary pattern , exploring the bioavailability of the secoiridoids from a seed/fruit extract in human healthy volunteers , evaluating the enantioselective metabolic perturbations in MCF-7 cells after treatment with R-metalaxyl and S-metalaxyl .
|
As mentioned earlier, several studies have shown that elicitation strategies such as exposure to light at different wavelengths and the application of chemical elicitors or phytohormones are capable of inducing a defense response that involves the upregulation of gene expression and the activation and/or enhancement of biosynthetic pathways necessary for the production of phenolic metabolites that have pharmacological properties including potential antimicrobial activity against human gut related bacterial pathogens (Figure 2). Therefore, such a metabolically driven elicitation strategy can be targeted to enhance protective and inducible phenolics for dual functional benefits such as improving human health relevant nutritional qualities and food safety relevant antimicrobial properties in fresh and processed plant foods.
|
Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reactivity was measured using malondialdehyde (MDA). 1 ml of reagent [10% trichloroacetic acid (TCA), 0.67% thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and 0.25 M hydrochloric acid (HCl)] was added to 500 µl of serum sample. This mixture was then placed in a bain-marie for 15 minutes at 95°C. After cooling, the mixture was centrifuged (10 min, 1000 g), and the obtained supernatant absorbance was determined at 535 nm .
|
We developed a unified computational model based on a hybrid biomedical knowledge network of linked biomedical concepts across multiple different knowledge and information sources. It consists of biomedical ontologies as well as other biomedical information and knowledge repositories such as PubMed. This system was constructed using relationships between concepts from each respective knowledge source (e.g. disease ontology, gene ontology, and online biomedical publication repositories). To discover interesting relatedness between concepts for which potential valuable relationships (implicit knowledge) may exist, a new measurement of relatedness and a new set-theoretic inference scheme were also proposed.
|
Each monomer unit in pPyCo was chosen to afford specific properties to the resultant multifunctional copolymer. The pyrene unit provides a hydrophobic anchor for binding the MWCNT sidewalls, the pyridine confers a receptor to coordinate [CoIIICl2(dmgH)(dmgH2)], and the 4EG improves the polymer's solubility in polar solvents. The natural hydrophilicity of 4EG also affords a more proton‐rich environment in the vicinity of the catalyst and could reinforce the stability of the global architecture because of a cross‐linked matrix. The ratio of monomers inside the polymer was estimated by 1H NMR and elemental analysis (H, C, N, Cl), which showed a pyrene/pyridine/4EG composition of approximately 1:1:1.3.
|
Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass beide Messgeräte bezüglich der mittleren Hornhautbrechwerte bei INTACS-Patienten eine hohe Reproduzierbarkeit von etwa 0,2 dpt aufweisen. Chen und Lam untersuchten die Reproduzierbarkeit von Pentacam-Messungen an Normalaugen zu 2 verschiedenen Zeitpunkten . Vergleicht man diesen Wert mit dem „coefficient of repeatability“ (1,96-fache Standardabweichung) aus der Studie von Chen und Lam , so erreichen beide Geräte bei Augen nach INTACS-Implantation eine etwa halbierte Reproduzierbarkeit im Vergleich zu Normalaugen (±0,39 dpt im Vergleich zu ±0,21 dpt für Km). Hierdurch könnten wiederholt nachweisbare Veränderungen ≥0,5 dpt als Progressionsverdacht gewertet werden. Allerdings gilt zu beachten, dass Kontaktlinsen und diverse Medikamente Veränderungen an der Hornhaut bewirken können, die eine Progression vortäuschen können. Veränderungen von ≥1 dpt, wie in den aktuellen Leitlinien empfohlen, sind jedoch bei wiederholter Messung als Progression definierbar. Der maximale Hornhautbrechwert Kmax zeigt eine deutlich größere Unsicherheit von 0,5 dpt beim VA-OCT und 0,75 dpt bei der Pentacam. Dieser Parameter wird üblicherweise zur Definition einer Progression herangezogen, wobei eine Veränderung von >1 dpt als Progression gewertet wird . Bezieht man sich wieder auf den „coefficient of repeatability“ nach Chen und Lam , so wäre mit VA-OCT der Grenzwert zur Feststellung der Progression von 1 dpt anwendbar, im Falle der Pentacam müsste der Grenzwert jedoch auf bis zu 1,5 dpt angehoben werden. In jedem Fall empfiehlt es sich, die Aussage durch Wiederholung der Messung zu bestätigen . Ebenfalls sehr deutlich fällt der Unterschied zwischen beiden Geräten bezüglich Kmax mit rund 3,4 dpt aus, der vermutlich durch die unterschiedlichen Messverfahren und ggf. fehlerhafte Erkennung der Hornhautfläche (z. B. durch erhöhte Streuung in der Umgebung des Implantats bei der Pentacam) begründet ist.
|
Fourth, some categories (eg, the number of calls received) used for the prediction of MDD diagnosis and antidepressant response provided limited variance. The modal value of the number of calls received was 1, a value small enough to be affected by a single event. This might have affected the results of this study.
|
Para informar sobre el correcto uso y los beneficios del etiquetado, el MSP desarrolló una campaña de comunicación en radio, televisión y otros medios de comunicación. Por su parte, la ARCSA desplegó una campaña nacional dirigida a la industria con el fin de explicar la aplicación del reglamento y creó una página web para responder dudas o inquietudes, que incluye un simulador para visualizar gráficamente eletiquetado cuando se introduce la composición de un producto.
|
Exploring low-cost next generation sodium-ion (SIB) and potassium-ion (PIB) batteries are of great prospects to alleviate the increasing dependence on limited Li resources in the earth’s crust aroused by the snowballing use of lithium-ion battery (LIBs) [1, 2]. The current performances of SIBs and PIBs, however, are yet unsatisfying, due to the sluggish kinetics resulting from the larger radius of Na+ and K+ during the electrochemical alloying and dealloying reactions [3, 4]. In order to facilitate the development toward commercialization, it is a priority to investigate high-performance electrode materials for both SIBs and PIBs, which should be more favorable for larger alkali ions storage and transport .
|
Our model learns features that resemble STRFs reported in IC –, as well as in the ventral side of the medial geninculate body (MGBv) and A1 –. We are unaware of any previous theoretical work that has provided accurate predictions for receptive fields in these areas.
|
El análisis se efectúo utilizando el programa Stata™, versión 13.0 (College Station, Texas, USA). Se hizo un estudio descriptivo de todas las variables, se estableció la seroprevalencia de la infección en las dos poblaciones estudiadas y se analizó la regresión logística bivariada, que asumió como variable de respuesta binomial los resultados de la prueba MAT, donde 0 correspondió a los sueros con resultados negativos y 1 a los sueros positivos. Se hizo la prueba de bondad de ajuste del modelo obtenido utilizando el test estadístico de Hosmer y Lemeshow. Los efectos de las variables predictivas sobre el resultado positivo o negativo de la prueba, se expresaron mediante las razones de disparidad (odds ratio, OR) y sus respectivos intervalos de confianza del 95 %. Los valores de p menores de 0,05 se consideraron como significativos.
|
To nondimensionalise Equation (1), we use the same scaling parameters as of Cao et al. , namely:(3)n¯=nneq,x¯=xd,t¯=D0td2, with the additional nondimensional parameter ω=qVmIkBT, which depends on the value of applied voltage V. The nondimensional equation is therefore given by:(4)∂n¯∂t¯=∂∂x¯n¯m∂n¯∂x¯+μe−νx¯−ξn¯mn¯−1, where our nondimensional parameters are μ=d2φαabD0neq, ν=αabd and ξ=kRd2D0. Dropping the bar notation, the boundary and initial conditions for V≠Voc become:n(x,0)=eω,n(0,t)=eω,∂n∂x|x=1=0, and the conditions for open-circuit are given by:n(x,0)=eωoc,∂n∂x|x=0=0,∂n∂x|x=1=0, where ωoc=qVocmIkBT. In Table 1, the values of physical parameters of DSSCs found in Anta et al. and Gacemi et al. are presented. These values are used to compute our nondimensional parameters μ, ν, and ξ, the values of which are also given in Table 1. We comment that this paper only considers m≥0. For the special case of m=0, Equation (4) reduces to a linear PDE for which analytical solutions can be found, as shown in Section 2. Further, Anta et al. studied the special cases of m=1,2,3, and Cao et al. considered the case of m=1.
|
The ‘Hongyu’ apple fruits (Malus domestica Borkh.) were randomly harvested from different trees and different plant rows at commercial maturity stage (120 Dayes After Full Bloom) from an orchard located in Changping district, Beijing, P.R. China. The maturity stage was considered as the predefined date by the appropriate orchard management. The growing conditions of apple trees and the management practices during fruits development and ripening were controlled and maintained by the corresponding orchard management. Fruits of uniform size, appearance, and without any physical injuries or infections were selected and randomly divided into three groups (at least 15 fruits in each group). The fruits of different groups were subjected to the following postharvest treatments: (1) Cold storage: the fruits were stored at 4°C, 85–95% relative humidity (RH) throughout. (2) Room temperature storage: the fruits were stored at 20°C, 85–95% RH throughout. (3) UV-C treatment (storage at 20°C after treatment): A low-pressure mercury (LPM) UV light reactor was assembled using a UV tube (Ruisente Ltd., Tianjin, China); it delivered UV photons at 254 nm. The UV-C dose rate was determined by a digital ILT1700 radiometer (10 Technology Drive, Peabody, MA, USA). The different UV-C illumination doses were obtained by the exposure at a fixed distance. The apples were placed 20 cm below the lamps, and irradiated for 9.0 kJ m-2, and stored at 20°C after treatment, with a successive relative humidity of 85–95% throughout the storage period. The fruits were sampled at 14 d of storage. Fifteen fruits were sampled for individual treatment which has been divided into three biological replicates. Fruits were transported shortly to the laboratory, flesh sample was taken and immediately frozen by using liquid nitrogen and stored at -80°C until futher analysis.
|
SF-12 ist die Kurzform von SF-36 und ein krankheitsübergreifendes Messinstrument zur Erfassung der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität bezogen auf die letzten vier Wochen. Acht Dimensionen der subjektiven Gesundheit (körperliche Funktionsfähigkeit, körperliche Rollenfunktion, körperliche Schmerzen, allgemeine Gesundheitswahrnehmung, Vitalität, soziale Funktionsfähigkeit, emotionale Rollenfunktion und psychisches Wohlbefinden) lassen sich den zwei Grunddimensionen „körperliche Gesundheit“ und „psychische Gesundheit“ zuordnen .
|
Las muestras fecales recolectadas se prepararon siguiendo el método descrito por Morel, et al. (13). El sobrenadante obtenido del procesamiento de cada una de las muestras se separó y envió a la Cátedra de Inmunología de la Facultad de Química del Instituto de Higiene de la Universidad de la República (UDELAR) de Uruguay, para procesarlas con la técnica ELISA sandwich para detectar coproantígenos específicos. Se empleó el kit diagnóstico descrito previamente (13), que desarrollaron la Comisión Nacional de Zoonosis de Uruguay y la Cátedra de Inmunología de la Facultad de Química de la UDELAR.
|
Des Weiteren wurde für Frauen bestätigt, dass anamnestisch erhobene reproduktive Faktoren (Parität, Zyklusunregelmäßigkeiten, Präeklampsie, frühe Menopause) sowie insbesondere die Anamnese eines früheren GDM mit dem Ausmaß der aktuellen Stoffwechselstörung eng assoziiert sind . Frauen mit einem früheren GDM konvertierten bei vergleichbarer Studienausgangslage bezüglich Insulinresistenz, Körpergewicht und Glukosetoleranzstatus fast doppelt so häufig zu manifestem Diabetes wie jene ohne GDM in der Anamnese. Durch Lebensstilmaßnahmen und Metformin kann jedoch die Progression zu Typ 2 Diabetes signifikant um fast 40 % im Vergleich zur Kontrolle langfristig reduziert werden .
|
In summary, the gene expression data described in this article show parallels with earlier efforts and substantially extend our knowledge of the gene expression changes that accompany the differentiation of MSC-like UCB cells with a hormone cocktail. We anticipate further refinement of these processes, such as may be gathered via culture of our MLPCs in selected elements found within SAGM, serial time points and various alternative culture strategies (for example, Matrigel (BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) and air fluid interface).
|
The frozen muscle tissues (50 mg) were lysed using 300 µL of RIPA buffer (EzRIPA, ATTO, Tokyo, Japan) with proteinase and phosphatase inhibitors. The homogenized muscle tissues were sonicated and then centrifuged at 14,000× g for 15 min at 4 °C. The supernatants were carried on cleaned tubes. The total protein concentration of isolated protein was determined by a bicinchoninic acid assay kit (BCA kit; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA). The isolated proteins samples were separated on 8 or 10 percent sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride membrane using a power station (WSE-3500, ATTO, Tokyo, Japan). Then, the membranes were blocked with 5% skim milk (SKI500, LPS solution, Daejeon, Korea) in tris buffered saline containing 0.1% tween-20 (TTBS) for 1 h at room temperature. After washing with TTBS, the membranes were incubated with diluted primary antibodies (Table S1). The probed membranes were rinsed with TTBS and loaded with appropriate peroxidase secondary antibodies. After a final wash with TTBS, the membranes were exposed with an enhanced chemiluminescence kit (GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA) by LAS-4000s (GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA).
|
在Auperin等进行的一项meta分析中证实PCI减少了而不仅是推迟了SCLC患者脑转移的发生。这一meta分析显示PCI使SCLC患者的3年生存率提高了5.4%。尽管这项meta分析中广泛期患者人数较少，但在局限期和广泛期患者中都看到了类似的结果。由EORTC组织的一项随机对照临床试验评估了286例对初始化疗有效的ES-SCLC接受PCI与未接受PCI的差异。与对照组相比，PCI组减少了脑转移的症状（14.6% vs 40.4%），提高了1年生存率（27.1% vs 13.3%）。近期，有几项meta分析结果同样证实了PCI能够降低SCLC患者的死亡风险[17, 18]。目前SCLC NCCN指南中作为1类证据推荐：对于完全或部分反应的无论是局限期还是广泛期患者，都应进行PCI。本研究结果显示PCI是保护性独立预后因素（RR=0.679, P < 0.01），能够降低32.1%死亡风险，显著延长ES-SCLC患者生存期（P < 0.01），与既往研究结果一致。但是本研究包含了脑转移和脑放疗患者，未行PCI组可能因初诊时脑转移，疾病分期更晚，本身具有更差的预后，对研究结果有干扰。
|
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing was performed using to Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines . Accordingly, individual wells of a 96-well microtiter plate were inoculated with 104 colony forming units (CFU) of S. aureus UAMS-1 containing two-fold increasing concentrations (0 to 256 μg·mL−1) of the indicated antibiotic or putative RnpA inhibitor compound, and incubated at 37 °C for 16 h in MHB. The MIC was defined as the lowest concentration of compound in which there was no visible bacterial growth in the well.
|
Многообразие флавоноидных соединений, включая антоцианы, образуется в результате общего фенилпропаноидного и флавоноидного путей биосинтеза, активность которых зависит от двух групп генов – структурных, кодирующих ферменты биосинтеза, и регуляторных, кодирующих транскрипционные факторы, которые тканеспецифически регулируют экспрессию структурных генов и определяют, таким образом, паттерны распределения пигментов.
|
As reported in Figure 2A, the total ASQ assessment score evaluated at 12 months of life is higher in the DCC group than in the ECC group. However, the mean difference is not statistically significant (1.1; CI 95: −5.1; 7.3). The ASQ five domains assessment results at 4 and 12 months of age have been meta-analyzed and are reported in Figures 2B,C, 3A–D, 4A–D. Figure 2C shows a favorable score for DCC in the communication domain at 12 months of age with a mean difference between the groups of 0.6 (CI 95: 0.1; 1.1). The personal-social domain at 4 months of age was higher in the ECC group with a mean difference of −1.6 (CI 95: −2.8; −0.4), while the same domain explored at 12 months turned out to be higher in the DCC group (mean difference 1.0 CI 95: 0.3; 1.6) (see Figures 4C,D).
|
Los estudios utilizaron diferentes unidades de análisis: cuatro investigaciones se realizaron en hogares (n = 1 626 casos en total); una se basó en los registros de Plasmodium falciparum (n = 18 034) y P. vivax (n = 5 178); una comparó personas con malaria (n = 58) y sin malaria (n = 58), y las cuatro restantes estudiaron determinantes sociales en 2 236 personas de zonas endémicas de malaria, según su posición en la familia, como jefes del hogar (n = 471), madres (n = 738), menores de cinco años (n = 647) y que trabajaban como mineros (n = 380) (cuadro 1).
|
For image retrieval from encoding or recall histograms, we employed Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) that operated on histograms of size \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$24 \times 24$$\end{document}24×24. Each encoding (or, respectively, recall) sequence of eye movements was accumulated into a histogram which served as a one channel input image to the CNN. The classification network was similar to the architecture used in25. In the dual-task network (Fig. 7a), a decoder branch that approximately mirrors the structure of the encoder network was added and we skipped the dropout layers as well as batch normalization in both encoder and decoder in the dual-task network. To increase the capacity, a convolution layer was added before each transposed convolution layer in the decoder branch. All weights were initialized using Xavier initialization48 and, where applicable, initial filters were orthogonal to each other. The classification network was trained using Cross Entropy Loss (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathcal {L}}_{cross}$$\end{document}Lcross). The decoder was trained using L1 Loss (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathcal {L}}_{L_1}$$\end{document}LL1), which compares the generated histogram to the encoding histogram for the same image. The dual-task network (Fig. 7a) was trained using the combined loss function \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathcal {L}} = {\mathcal {L}}_{cross} + \lambda {\mathcal {L}}_{L_1}$$\end{document}L=Lcross+λLL1, where \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\lambda $$\end{document}λ is set to 1000, for 80 epochs. We used the Adam parameter update scheme49 (learning rate = 5e−4 and weight decay = 2e−5), and a batch size of 100.
|
Intracranial germinoma is known to be highly radiosensitive and has shown excellent treatment results. The standard treatment strategy for localized germinoma was a higher dose to the neuraxis and primary tumor using CSI and local RT . However, long-term RT-induced toxicities were also observed although the survival rate improved to over 90%. Thereafter, many investigators have been interested in reduced RT volume and dose . Recently, several studies have demonstrated that RT with reduced volume such as WVRT or WBRT showed excellent treatment outcome without severe long-term toxicity. Thus, reduced-volume RT is currently considered as the standard RT strategy for germinoma [11–13]. Meanwhile, CSI remains the standard RT field for disseminated germinoma. However, in cases of bifocal germinoma, there is no consensus on whether it should be treated as a synchronous disease or disseminated disease and thus, the optimal RT field remains unclear.
|
MET基因是NSCLC的一种重要肿瘤驱动基因，与EGFR、ALK和ROS-1等存在互斥现象。MET-TKI是治疗NSCLC患者中具有MET基因突变人群的有效药物。从已上市药物Tepotinib和即将上市的药物沃利替尼、Capmatinib的临床试验结果看，针对MET 14外显子的跳跃突变的单药有效率较高，ORR均达到40%以上，并且安全性较好，必将成为未来的治疗希望。但是MET-TKI的耐药不可避免，因此下一步需要加强对于MET-TKI耐药机制的研究。另外，HGF/MET信号通路的抑制剂与其他药物联合应用也可能具有治疗潜力，对于抑制和逆转耐药发挥重要作用。总之，在肺癌的精准治疗时代，分子检测和靶向药物必将为MET基因突变的NSCLC患者带来更好的疗效和长期生存机会。
|
Nrf2在细胞核和细胞浆中均可以表达（图 1A-图 1D），存在个体差异。Nrf2核阳性（核染色强度和细胞核阳性细胞比例乘积>0）率为77.4%（24/31），Nrf2阳性水平在性别、年龄、吸烟、分化程度、分期、EGFR基因突变状态以及客观缓解组间无统计学差异（P>0.05），见表 1。Nrf2核高表达（细胞核强度>1分者）率为38.7%（12/31），PR患者中核Nrf2高表达率为0（0/19），明显低于SD和PD患者中的100.0%（7/7和5/5）（P < 0.001），但核Nrf2表达水平在性别、年龄、吸烟、分化程度、分期、EGFR基因突变状态组间无明显差异（P>0.05）（表 2）。
|
THS is a painful ophthalmoplegia related to the so-called orbital pseudotumor (also called idiopathic orbital inflammatory disease), a nonspecific granulomatous inflammation of the orbit, the superior orbital fissure, or the cavernous sinuses (Gladstone 2007; Lueck 2018; Wasmeier et al. 2002). MRI may help in the diagnosis, but it can be unremarkable in one-third of the cases (Gladstone 2007). Biopsy is an invasive examination and should only be considered for the management of patients with rapidly progressive neurologic impairment.
|
In the era of thousands of genomes available for comparative study and bountiful sequencing-based molecular assays, our understanding of how full complements of tRNA genes are deployed and regulated is advancing. Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are central to protein translation and are known to act as regulators of cell metabolism in multiple capacities (1–3). These functions are ultimately tied to the primary nucleotide sequence of the tRNA gene, which varies to a surprising degree between species across the domains of life, attesting to the continual evolution of this molecule (4–7). In many species, particularly multicellular eukaryotes, there are often multiple different versions of tRNAs with the same anticodon (isodecoders) that nominally carry out the same translation function (8,9). However, any difference in the regulation, processing and specific biological role(s) of the diversity of isodecoders is largely unexplored. The lifecycle and function of tRNAs is modulated by a huge array of proteins, many of which interact directly with the tRNA transcript, producing the most densely modified RNA in the cell (2,10–14). How somatic or germ-line tRNA mutations (e.g. single nucleotide polymorphisms) alter individual tRNA–protein interactions is not well defined for the vast majority of tRNAs and tRNA-processing proteins. For instance, a single unique Arg-TCT tRNA isodecoder is highly conserved throughout mammals which has a critical role in normal brain function (15), even though there are generally four to five other Arg-TCT isodecoders in these genomes. Many more cases of tRNAs with specialized function likely occur throughout the domains of life which could be identified for further study by examining exceptions to conservation patterns.
|
Camels have multifunctional uses not only for meat, milk, and transportation proposes, but their uses have also expanded to more value-added products. Camel milk is well-known for its medicinal benefits that have been extensively exploited for human health; therefore, since the last few decades, the milk is processed into industrial dairy products such as yoghurt and ice cream . In addition, meat is processed into food items such as sausages, shawarma, burgers, and patties and global camel meat production has increased by 100% between 1979 and 2009, representing about 1.3% of the world’s meat production . In recent years, there has been an increase in the demand for camel meat as an alternative food characterized by several unique features. These include high protein content, low fats, and relatively high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids, in addition to favorable meat quality characteristics . This emerging meat source provides an alternate available food source under harsh environmental conditions for the growing human population .
|
NeuroD1的表达通常与ASCL1相关，但是这两者对NE细胞有着不同的的靶向功能。ASCL1靶向癌基因RET、SOX2和NFIB以及DLL3和DLL1等Notch通路中的多个基因；而NeuroD1则靶向MYC。在SCLC中会出现从ASCL1+转变到NeuroD1+的现象。这种ASCL1表达缺失在复发肿瘤中更为常见。在GEMM小鼠实验中发现，在MYC过表情况下，SCLC的GEMM肿瘤会表现出从ASCL1+/NeuroD1-的经典形式到ASCL1-/NeuroD1+的变异形式的快速转换现象，并伴有NE细胞标记物丢失的现象。NEUROD1在非内分泌肺癌细胞系中过表达会导致细胞增殖并激活NE转化程序，且影响SCLC-N细胞的迁移能力。此外，在SCLC细胞中的转录因子扩增方面，SCLC-A细胞系主要是MYC1扩增，具有典型的SCLC形态；SCLC-N细胞系则主要是MYC扩增，具有变异特征。虽然在内分泌SCLC中ASCL1与NeuroD1是必须的转录因子，但在高级别肺NE瘤小鼠模型中，ASCL1相比于NeuroD1更为重要。
|
METE follows the logic of Shipley’s arguments about the use of important constraints in complex ecosystems, and uses the information entropy approach. In the following sections, we will demonstrate how METE’s ecological state variables and their ratios are used with the MaxEnt procedure to constrain patterns of individuals over area for the Spatial Structure Function, and patterns of metabolic requirement (or body size) across individuals and abundances per species through the Ecosystem Structure Function.
|
Em resumo, a medicina nuclear é fundamental para o manejo de doenças cardiovasculares.7–11 na cardiologia clínica de rotina, mas não é a primeira linha de abordagem para pacientes com COVID-19. Apesar disso, seus procedimentos podem eventualmente ajudar no manejo desses pacientes. Além disso, os exames de perfusão pulmonar podem ser uma alternativa quando há suspeita de EP. É importante ressaltar que cardiologistas nucleares e médicos nucleares devem estar cientes dos achados incidentais em pacientes assintomáticos com COVID-19 e devem otimizar os protocolos de CPM, quando o procedimento for necessário.
|
Adherent ADMSC were examined with an immunofluorescent microscope using rabbit anti-SST antibody and rhodamine red secondary antibody. Cytoplasmic compactions of SST staining were observed (Fig. 5c (1)). In the presence of 1 mM VPA, they were increased in number and gathered at the cell membrane (Fig. 5c (2)).
|
• Time to earliest possible hospital discharge (days) based on objective criteria (possible oral intake of food, liquids and drugs, stable vital signs > 24 hours, recovery from CAP-related worsening of mental status, no evidence of acute serious CAP-related co-morbidity that necessitates hospitalization. This endpoint will minimize a potential bias due to extended hospitalization for non-disease specific reasons (request from patients or their relatives, lack of adequate home care support, or possibility for transferral to nursing home, lack of assurance about compliance with treatment)
|
Our results provide some support for the ‘impact resistance hypothesis’23, but further work is warranted. In particular, more data is needed on cuckoo-host biology, including rates of egg ejection and methods of egg ejection in the hosts of other species of cuckoos. Analysis of cuckoo eggshell structure and density may also be informative. Our study is likely to be underpowered due to inflated variation in host estimates and because we were restricted to studying only two cuckoo species for each type of host response to cuckoo eggs. Investigation of eggshell thickness restricting hosts to the most heavily exploited primary host and the addition of more Australian cuckoo-host pairs may add power to the trends observed here. This additional work will contribute to a greater understanding of the capacity for co-evolutionary pressures to drive phenotypic divergence.
|
Introducere: Spondilita anchilopoetică este o afecțiune sistemică cronică și o boală inflamatorie, cu o dezvoltare preponderent la nivelul scheletului axial, caracteristica majoara a bolii fiind afectarea precoce a articulațiilor sacroiliace, boala evoluând spre anchiloza coloanei vertebrale. Aceștia sunt supuși riscului de fractură, în urma unor traumatisme de intensitate medie sau mică, datorită accentuării cifozei, instalării ulterioare a rigidității și respectiv datorită osteoporozei existente.
|
RAW 264.7 cells were transfected with siRNA or ASO against Gαi2 or Gβ2. Western blot results (Figures 1A and B) showed a significant knockdown of the target gene in each of experiments. RAW cells were transfected using FuGENE6 (Roche Molecular Biochemicals, Indianapolis, IN) for ASO and Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) for siRNA. Cells were harvested at 72 hr post-transfection.
|
To date, modafinil has only been shown to bind directly to the DA transporter and the NE transporter, but no apparent specific binding to other monoamine or neuropeptide receptors/transporters has been reported . We hypothesized that modafinil may exert EEG desynchronization by acting on the noradrenergic and dopaminergic transmission system.
|
Se ha demostrado que las falsedades se propagan más rápido y llegan más lejos que la información correcta (1), y las investigaciones indican que la información errónea puede tener efectos negativos en el mundo real, como amplificar la controversia sobre las vacunas (2) y diseminar la recomendación de tratamientos oncológicos no comprobados (3). Por consiguiente, la información errónea sobre la salud en las redes sociales requiere con urgencia una mayor acción de quienes trabajan en la investigación y la práctica de la salud pública. Aquí definimos la “información errónea sobre la salud” como cualquier afirmación relacionada con la salud de un hecho que es falso sobre la base del consenso científico actual. Muchos otros tipos de información plantean un desafío para la comunicación de salud, incluidos los hallazgos contradictorios u opuestos, la evidencia cambiante y la información que suscita un alto grado de incertidumbre; sin embargo, estas cuestiones están fuera del ámbito de este artículo editorial, que se centra en información que es ostensiblemente falsa.
|
In der aktuellen Situation sind sie zusätzlich belastet durch die Isolierung der Patient*innen, wenn die Besuchsmöglichkeiten fehlen. Eine Umarmung ist nicht möglich, keine Begleitung beim Sterben, oft nicht die Möglichkeit, sich noch einmal das zu sagen, was wichtig ist. Dadurch können die Begleitung der Sterbenden, Abschied und Trauer beeinträchtigt werden.
|
Molecula condroitinei sulfat în interacţie cu hialuronatul de sodiu va influenţa conformaţia şi dimensiunea ghemului polimeric al acestuia, lanţurile de hialuronat pot forma o conformaţie expandată de ghem statistic, comportament tipic unui polielectrolit anionic flexibil cu proprietăţi îmbunătăţite de lubrifiant şi de protecţie mecanică la stres pentru ţesuturile sinoviale şi cartilajul articular.
|
For paraffin histology, livers were washed in PBS (Gibco, 10010023), diced with a razor blade, and fixed overnight in 10% formalin (ThermoFisher, 9990244) while shaking at 4 °C. The next day fixed livers were washed twice with PBS, dehydrated in ascending ethanol steps, followed by xylene, and embedded in paraffin blocks. 4 μm thick sections were cut from paraffin blocks, dewaxed, rehydrated, and quenched with 3% H2O2 for 10 min to block the endogenous peroxidase activity (for IHC). Antigen retrieval was performed by incubating the sections in 10 mM citrate buffer (pH 6.0) for 20 min at 95 °C. After the sections were cooled to room temperature, they were washed and blocked with blocking buffer (1% BSA (Sigma, A7906) and 0.5% Triton X-100 (Sigma, X100) in PBS) for 1 hr at room temperature. The primary antibodies anti-Ki67 (ThermoFisher, MA5-14520), anti-PANCK (Novusbio, NBP600-579), anti-OPN (R&D Systems, AF808), anti-Cleaved caspase-3 (Cell Signaling, 9661) were diluted in a 1:100 dilution of the blocking buffer and incubated overnight at 4 °C. For IHC, ImmpRESS HRP conjugated secondary (VectorLabs MP-74-01-15 and MP-74-02-15) were incubated for 30 min, and detection was performed by using a 3.3’-diaminobenzidine (DAB) reaction. Sections were counterstained with Harris and mounted. For IF, sections were washed and incubated for 1 hr with Alexa Fluor conjugated secondary antibodies (1:1000 in blocking solution; Invitrogen). Following extensive washing, sections were counterstained with DAPI (ThermoFisher, 62248) and mounted in ProLong Gold Antifade Mountant (Thermo Fischer, P36930).
|
Paralelamente, as alterações hemodinâmicas características das infecções sistêmicas (como vasodilatação e taquicardia) podem ser suficientes para a descompensação clínica de pacientes com IC, gerando hipotensão e extravasamento de fluidos para o espaço extra-vascular. De fato, quando estes pacientes são infectados pelo CHIKV, pode haver descompensação clínica mesmo na ausência de miocardite.
|
Our study demonstrates the generality of leaf size–primary productivity relationships in the northern temperate and subtropical woody ecosystems. Further studies are needed to test the generality and application of this method across wider biogeographical regions (e.g. extending to the Southern Hemisphere) and at multiple spatio‐temporal scales, and to decipher the portion of these relationships that are due mechanistically to leaf size per se.
|
We wanted to look at the penetration of a biofilm by an antimicrobial. Gallium and ciprofloxacin peaks were clearly present in all scans throughout sputter depth profiling through to the ITO substrate, suggesting that both were able to fully penetrate the biofilms grown on ITO-coated glass after a 5-min exposure time. As a result, we have not shown these data in a figure, as there is little spatial localization of the compounds—they are essentially present throughout the ITO-coated glass biofilms. This is likely due to relatively thin biofilms (Fig. 1), although previous evidence has also suggested that ciprofloxacin may penetrate thick biofilms rapidly too (23). The lung tissue model clearly allows the growth of more complex and realistic bacterial assemblies, both as biofilms and as surface-attached bacteria, even deep within a tissue sample. We exposed samples grown on bronchial sections to gallium nitrate for 15 min and mapped the distribution of Ga+ and NHQ in treated samples (Fig. 7). The two ions appear to be present in different regions of the tissue; areas with high NHQ concentrations have low concentrations of gallium and, on the basis of the assumption that NHQ represents biofilm formation, gallium appears not to penetrate areas where biofilm is present. Gallium has been shown to be effective in preventing the formation of biofilms (25) because of its chemical similarity to iron—it is substituted for iron ions by bacteria and so inhibits iron-dependent processes. Gallium may increase the antimicrobial action of other antibiotics in biofilms, but free gallium does not appear to be particularly effective against mature biofilms (32).
|
The symptomatic duration of 14 days was considered for each health state (critical, severe, moderate), following local and international reported durations of Covid-19 infection respectively [16, 17]. Person-years were calculated as the sum of cases for each symptomatic health states (critical, severe, moderate), multiplied by 14, divided by 365.25, reflecting the contribution of individual days to a complete year. This was carried out since DALYs use a year as the unit of time. An estimate of the post-acute consequence (long-Covid) YLD was calculated, where it was assumed that 13.3% (one in seven) of the total Covid-19 patients (symptomatic and asymptomatic) would suffer from long-Covid for a duration of 28 days . The disability weights used for each health status was derived from the European Disability Weight Study (EDWS) and GBD 2019, as shown in Table 1 [19, 20].
|
Z-scores are more difficult to understand than raw scores, and only should be applied to normally distributed scores, which is usually not the case for PNR and especially NNR (Gommans and Cillessen, 2015). Hence, z-scores are less intuitive and do not represent adequately the social network in a group (Newcomb and Bukowski, 1983). When z-scores are applied in such a case, students can be classified in different types based on small differences in SP or SI (Maassen et al., 2005). The use of z-scores causes that the identification of types depends more on the variance than on the number of preferences (Newcomb and Bukowski, 1983).
|
We selected eleven gene expression datasets used in . All datasets are publicly available and were downloaded from the BRB-Array Tools Data Archive for Human Cancer Gene Expression repository 2 (http://linus.nci.nih.gov/brb/DataArchive_New.html). In Table 1 we give the details of each dataset. In Table 2 we report the number of genes used by each classifier. Finally, in oder to compare MIDClass with the association rule mining based method reported in we used the same Leukemia dataset . Leukemia dataset contains the gene expression profile from the leukemia microarray study of Golub et al. . It consists of 72 bone marrow tissues: 47 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases and 25 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases.
|
肺癌目前已经成为国内发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤，严重威胁着人们的健康。外科手术作为肺癌综合治疗中最主要的一环，近年来发展迅速，尤其是胸腔镜技术的应用和普及起到了重要的作用。胸腔镜手术与传统的开胸手术相比，有着创伤少、疼痛轻、术后康复快等优势，但术后并发症的发生，无疑会延长患者住院时间并抵消胸腔镜的优势。如何有效地降低肺癌患者胸腔镜术后并发症的发生率，更好更快地促进患者的康复，成为当下医护人员关注的焦点之一。受本刊报道的“胸腔镜肺癌切除术后患者住院时间（ > 7天）延长的原因分析”的启示，本文就胸腔镜术后并发症的防治进行述评。
|
A pesar de que no se registró aquí la sintomatología de las mujeres estudiadas, es importante mencionar que la edad gestacional influye en la aparición de los síntomas clínicos y sus complicaciones. Algunos estudios han relacionado la anemia con la infección malárica, independientemente de la especie, en tanto que la malaria gestacional producida por P. falciparum se ha asociado con manifestaciones clínicas y complicaciones que aumentan el riesgo de muerte en la embarazada 2. Por su parte, Piñeros, et al.1, indican que la mayor parasitemia durante el segundo trimestre de gestación se correlacionó con una mayor presencia de síntomas clínicos.
|
Comme il est prévu dans les textes réglementaires, la CMB lors du lancement de la loi 65-00 avait son modèle de gouvernance pour les deux pôles AMO et RAMED. Aujourd´hui, ce modèle fait face à plusieurs dysfonctionnements, nouveaux défis et des opportunités à saisir pour assurer sa pérennité. Le système de la CMB a été lancé pour fournir à la population marocaine une couverture obligatoire contre le risque maladie, et il s´inscrit dans les objectifs lancés par l´OMS sur la couverture sanitaire universelle. Il s´agit des Résolutions de l´Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS) en 2005 et 2011 (WHA58.33 et WHA64.9) liées à la Couverture médicale universelle. Partant de cette base, l´objet de cette étude était d´analyser le modèle de gouvernance de la CMB afin de proposer les pistes d´amélioration. Il ressort de cette étude les éléments importants que nous détaillons dans les lignes suivantes.
|
The bony fragment positions and reduction situations of 62 patients are shown in Table 2. Anatomical analysis revealed that the apterium of posterior longitudinal ligament existed at two sides of the posterior vertebra wall, and there was no posterior longitudinal ligament coverage. Therefore, intra-canal fracture fragments with fractures occurring on the left or right could not be reduced by posterior longitudinal ligament distraction. Only 55 patients with the bony fragment located in the region of posterior longitudinal ligament were selected to investigate the relationships between bone fragment parameters and reduction. Neurologic status was classified according to the scoring system of the American Spine Injury Association (ASIA); there were 20 patients in class A, 5 patients in class B, 8 patients in class C, 11 patients in class D, and the remaining 11 patients in class E. Of the 55 patients with bony fragment located in the middle region, 38 patients in whom the fragments were reduced by ligamentotaxis were included in the reduced group. In 17 patients, the fracture fragment in the spinal canal was not reduced, and these patients were included in the non-reduced group.Table 2The positions of the processus aboralis bony fragment and reduced and unreduced bony fragment according to intraoperative CTBony fragment position n ReducedUnreducedLeft303Right404Middle553817
|
badań laboratoryjnych – hiperbilirubinemia z przewagą stężenia bilirubiny bezpośredniej (cholestaza), podwyższona aktywność gamma-glutamylotranspeptydazy (co odróżnia PFIC-3 od PFIC-1 czy PFIC-2), podwyższone stężenie kwasów żółciowych, podwyższona aktywność aminotransferaz,
|
(a) Because of the longevity of Atta nests (10–20 years), because of the clonal transfer of cultivars between ant generations, and because of the persistence of the same cultivar genotype across many years within a nest documented here for the first time, partner fidelity feedback , inherent in long-term ant-fungus co-dependency is a likely mechanism stabilizing the ant-fungus mutualisms. Partner fidelity feedback alone should impede the invasion of non-productive cultivar types into populations of A. texana, but a second mechanism, ant-mediated symbiont choice that biases cultivar propagation against inferior cultivar mutants, may also operate in the Atta ant-fungus mutualism , . However, lab experiments quantifying symbiont choice in A. texana suggest that choice may be a comparatively weak mechanism, as workers do not show a strong and consistent cultivation-bias between closely-related Attamyces strains presented to the ants in laboratory experiments [22, R. Sen & U.G. Mueller unpublished].
|
Foram incluídos no estudo os pacientes submetidos a EVLA em veias safenas magna, parva, acessória e veia comunicante intersafena. Os critérios de exclusão foram pacientes com idade inferior a 18 anos e superior a 80 anos e pacientes com veias safenas superiores a 12 mm.
|
As alanine 12 of BANF1 is positioned in a loop immediately following helix α1, we hypothesized that mutation of this residue to a bulky β-branched threonine could influence the structure of the BANF1 protein. To assess this, we analyzed recombinant WT and A12T BANF1 by circular dichroism (CD), a standard biophysical technique used to study the secondary structure content of proteins in solution. CD spectra of both wild type and A12T BANF1 showed typical α-helical profiles, with minima in the near far- UV at a wavelength of 220 nm (Figure 1C). By this method we detected a spectrum for wild type BANF1 that was consistent with published data . Furthermore, overlay of the A12T BANF1 spectrum indicated the secondary structure of the protein was not affected as a result of mutation.
|
Our results suggest that competition intensity between clones exacerbates the impact of growth rate differences. For divergent growth rates between healthy and mutant HSCs, competitive exclusion is not guaranteed. Instead, in order for competitive exclusion to occur, there must be greater competition intensity between healthy and mutant HSCs than would be expected in a healthy patient. This increase in competition helps to drive the slower-growing clone to extinction. In cases where mutant stem cells have a faster growth rate than healthy cells, this could lead to dominance by the mutant clone. Conversely, if the mutant is less fit than the healthy cells, it could be driven to extinction.
|
The present results demonstrate that MFB has significant anti-invasion and anti-migration activities against SK-Hep-1 cells, a human hepatoma cell line, and that this effect is mainly associated with the induction of nm23-H1 expression and down-regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity. These findings indicate that MFB is a potent anti-metastatic agent. Further studies are warranted to verify the in vivo significance of these findings.
|
From (11), we calculate the in-phase susceptibility using the relation (12a)χm′=c1χm1−d1χ+u1a1χm−μρ−1(a12+a22)χ2(1−a1χ)2+a22χ2, and for the out-of-phase susceptibility, (12b)χm″=c2χm1−d2χ+u2a2χm(1−a1χ)2+a22χ2, where the real scalars c1, c2, u1 and u2 satisfy the conditions c1=1, c2=0, u1=0 and u2=0 at ω=0. Furthermore, d1≡d1(ω,τ), d2≡d2(ω,τ), a1≡a1(ω,τ) and a2≡a2(ω,τ) are real functions, such that d1(0,τ)=d, d2(0,τ)=d, a1(0,τ)=1 and a2(0,τ)=0, with d denoting the demagnetization factor and τ the relaxation time. All parameters have finite values in the high-frequency limit. For example, we have limω→∞a1(ω,τ)→0 and limω→∞a2(ω,τ)→0. Moreover, in the case of negligible energy difference to the relaxation pathway, we have c2=0, a1(ω,τ0)=0 and a2(ω,τ0)=0, where τ0 denotes the corresponding trial time.
|
A macropore is observed for \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\text {La}}_2 {\text {S}}_3$$\end{document}La2S3-rich samples and regardless of the temperature. During the first heat up, the chemical formation of a sulfuric gaseous compound lead to the formation of microbubbles in addition to the micropores. These microbubbles can reach the surface and leave the system or agglomerate in the center of the molten droplet. The surface tension being too high, the trapped bubble cannot escape and result in a macropore.
|
A diminuição da CVF entre as mulheres grávidas avaliadas em nosso estudo pode ser atribuída à pressão mecânica do útero gravídico aumentado, que resulta no deslocamento do diafragma para cima e consequente restrição da mobilidade pulmonar. Além disso, a elevação do diafragma acarreta uma diminuição relativa da pressão negativa intrapleural, o que dificulta a expiração forçada.( 9 ) Além do fator mecânico, as alterações hormonais durante a gravidez têm uma influência significativa sobre o tônus da musculatura lisa brônquica, e a redução desse tônus pode diminuir a CVF.
|
До разработки семаглутида для перорального применения все арГПП-1 вводили путем инъекции. Основываясь на опыте применения инсулина, можно предполагать, что инъекционный способ введения может препятствовать использованию этих препаратов. Так, наиболее частыми проблемами для 32,6% врачей и 56% пациентов, получающих арГПП-1, было названо «предпочтение ими пероральных лекарственных средств, нежели инъекций» [38, 39]. В 2021 г. Igarashi A. и соавт. представили данные онлайн-опроса среди японских пациентов с СД2 и HbA1c ≥7,0%, получающих пероральные сахароснижающие препараты и не получавших ранее инъекционную терапию. Для проведения исследования были созданы гипотетические профили терапии с использованием имеющихся данных прямых испытаний в Японии перорального приема семаглутида (7 и 14 мг), инъекционного дулаглутида (0,75 мг) и инъекционного лираглутида (0,9 мг). По мнению респондентов, самыми значимыми пунктами лечения были способ и частота введения (49,1%), затем риск тошноты (30,8%), изменение веса (11,3%) и изменение уровня HbA1с (8,8%). Респондентами было отдано предпочтение пероральному семаглутиду 7 и 14 мг: форме семаглутида 7 мг отдавалось предпочтение перед дулаглутидом (91,0% респондентов) и лираглутидом (89,4%); форма семаглутида 14 мг была предпочтительнее дулаглутида (на 88,2%) и лираглутида (на 94,4%). Готовность инициировать лечение также была выше для перорально вводимых препаратов, подобных семаглутиду: 62,4% в дозе 7 мг и 64,0% в дозе 14 мг в сравнении с 13,6% и 11,0% при формах, подобных инъекционным арГПП-1. Авторы пришли к выводу, что японские пациенты с СД2, по-видимому, предпочитают пероральные формы арГПП-1 инъекционным формам арГПП-1, и способ введения, вероятно, является наиболее важным фактором в этом решении .
|
Entretanto, a infecção persiste e o sistema imune adaptativo ativa tanto os linfócitos T, como também as células T citotóxicas e auxiliares, que produzem citocinas, tais como o interferon gama (IFN-γ), que podem, por sua vez, levar à morte de parasitas intracelulares ao induzir um aumento nas espécies reativas do oxigênio e nitrogênio, que são microbicidas. Essa infecção também aumenta a expressão do fator de necrose tumoral (TNF-α), bem como anticorpos específicos para combater o T. Cruzi, que controlam o parasitismo, com o estabelecimento de uma infecção de baixo grau.3
|
Examenul obiectiv la internare: pacient conștient, afazie mixtă, predominant expresivă, rare raluri bronșice diseminate în ambele câmpuri pulmonare, tuse ineficientă, TA= 130/70 mmHg, AV=68 b/min, aria matității cardiace marită lateral stânga, suflu discret stenoza aortică, artere periferice pulsatile, abdomen nedureros spontan și la palpare, tranzit intestinal prezent, micțiuni fiziologice.
|
Our study clearly shows that post-marketing NI trials vary considerably in their aims and claims. Importantly, only about half of the trials claimed additional benefit. Consequently, post-authorization NI trials need to be more robust, i.e., these trials must produce information that is directly useful to the clinical setting. Moreover, these trials must show scientific validity if they are to claim any additional value that physicians can bank on. Hence, there is room for improvement in terms of designing phase IV NI trials with additional benefit claims and in proving these additional claims.
|
Whole-cell extracts (WCE) were prepared in radioimmunoprecepitation (RIPA) buffer. Protein concentrations were determined using the BCA Protein Assay Kit (ThermoFisher Scientific, Rockford, IL, USA). 30–40 μg of WCE were separated on mini protein TGX stain free gel (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) and electroblotted using the Trans-Blot Turbo Midi PVDF Transfer Packs (Bio-Rad). The ChemiDoc MP Imaging system (Bio-Rad) was used to visualize and quantitate optical density (IOD) for each band. The IODs of bands of interest were normalized to the loading control and used in the same blot: e.g. Ponceau staining bands, α-tubulin or b actin and the normalized value of the controls was set to 1 for comparison between separate experiments.
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.