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Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were gorged upon all infected chickens on the 1st day P. gallinaceum became patent in the blood (<0.1% parasitaemia), predictably day 7 (following the 7 day pre-erythrocytic developmental period), and for the next 3 days at which point the infection reaches its zenith; this is the acute stage of infection. Post-peak infection the parasite is rapidly cleared by the chicken and resurges only intermittently at very low densities. This chronic stage of infection represents the infectious reservoir yielding irregular low levels of transmission to mosquitoes . The initial acute phase results in very high transmission rates and is here taken to represent the parasite lifetime transmission success (total of the daily mean number of oocysts per mosquito) and is compared against the highest level of anaemia (lowest haematocrit) observed in each individual chicken.
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Únicamente el 1.4% de la población con PAE no se encontró afiliada a algún régimen de salud, el 2.4% se encontró en un régimen especial, el 45.0% en el régimen contributivo y el 51.0% en el régimen subsidiado. El 82.6% de la población con PAE había visitado al médico al menos una vez en el último mes y en esta población el 55.2% (IC 95%: 43.1-66.8) tenía la PAE controlad. En todos los grupos de piel, la población que reportó haber visitado al médico en la última semana tuvo las prevalencias más altas de PAE controlada sin encontrarse diferencias significantes entre los grupos. Por el contrario, solo el 32.5% (IC 95%: 26.8-38.7) de la población que no visitó al médico tuvo la PAE controlada; se observó un comportamiento similar en todos los grupos de piel. La prevalencia de PAE controlada fue significativamente mayor en la población afiliada a los esquemas especiales de salud, 85.8% (IC 95%: 75.5-92.2) seguido de la población afiliada al régimen contributivo 53.6% (IC: 95% 41.6-65.1), y subsidiado 43.6% (IC 95%: 35.2-52.4); sin embargo, entre los regímenes que reunieron el mayor número de población, el subsidiado y el contributivo, no se encontraron diferencias. Similarmente, en cada uno de los regímenes de aseguramiento, no se encontraron diferencias significantes en la prevalencia de control entre las poblaciones de acuerdo con su grupo de piel (Tabla 4).
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This study explored publics' stigmatizing attitudes toward COVID-19 during the epidemic and compared it with stigmatizing attitudes toward AIDS. The results showed that for COVID-19 beliefs about avoiding contact with individuals with COVID-19 and their families, individuals with COVID-19 would cause problems to or have an adverse effect on their families and others were much higher than other statements either in personal stigma or perceived stigma. For perceived stigma, unwillingness to provide home service or visit the home of individuals with COVID-19 was also among the highly agreed statements. Participants' highly agreed statements toward AIDS were similar with COVID-19 but had a slightly lower proportion, which were significantly different.
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Além de sua central relevância para o alcance de um instrumento funcional, apuro nesta primeira fase não é somente importante do ponto de vista substantivo – na busca de correspondência entre o construto a ser aferido e a ferramenta para sua mensuração –, mas também torna mais eficiente a fase seguinte, de teste dos protótipos. Tempo empenhado e rigor procedimental nesta fase diminuem a possibilidade de se encontrar impropriedades nos estudos de validação subsequentes, que são geralmente de grande porte e, portanto, bastante dispendiosos. O pior cenário é encontrar deficiências marcantes no final de um longo e intrincado processo envolvendo múltiplos estudos encadeados ( cf . próxima seção), ter de voltar a fases anteriores de desenvolvimento e retornar ao campo para testar um protótipo praticamente novo.
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Bout microstructure did not significantly differ between the light and dark phase (Extended Data Fig. 4-1); thus, bout analysis is binned in 24-h bins. Occasionally, the touch sensors do not release until touched again, which can erroneously inflate lick duration counts and be displayed in the data as bins with a lick duration value but without any recorded licks. For 1-min bins that have a lick duration value without a lick number value, or bins where the average lick duration (lick duration/lick number) was over 300 ms, lick duration was changed to 0.
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When LB-piVe cells were treated with IFN, the virus continued to replicate. We measured LB-piVe viral titers in cells that were treated with 0, 10, 100 or 1000 IU/mL of IFN for 24, 48 and 72 hr ( Figure 4E ). LB-piVe titer decreased slightly only at 72 hr with 100 or 1000 IU/mL, but the values were not significantly lower than for 48hr. In contrast, J6/JFH-1 titer decreased by 5-fold when treated with 10 IU/mL for 48 hr and there was no detectable virus with 1000 IU/mL ( Figure 4F ). To ensure that the LB-piVe cells had not become insensitive to IFN treatment, we measured LB-piVe titers in Huh7.5 cells that were also treated with IFN ( Figure 4G ). There was no significant effect on LB-piVe titers by treating the Huh7.5 cells with IFN for 5 days at 10 IU/mL and no change after treatment with 1000 IU/mL. A decrease of 0.2 log10 was observed when comparing 10 IU/mL vs 1000 IU/mL over 5 days ( Figure 4G ). This small difference may be attributed to the long incubation period. These results indicate that the LB-piVe virus and not the persistently infected cells are relatively IFN resistant as would be expected for a natural genotype 1b virus isolate. To ensure that the virus had not acquired IFN resistance through passage in culture, we compared the effects of IFN treatment on the parental virus (LB) with the persistent virus in VeroE6 cells ( Figure 4H ). There was little effect after treating the LB virus for 24, 48 or 72 hr, demonstrating that this parental genotype 1b strain was relatively IFN resistant, as expected.
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J82, SCaBER, and TCCSUP bladder cancer cell lines were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA), BFTC905, HT1197, T24, TSGH-8301 bladder cancer cell lines were from the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC). The primary bladder epithelial cell line, BDEC, was from BioWhittaker (San Diego, CA, USA) and were maintained as exponentially growing cultures in DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 µg/ml streptomycin. Genistein (Sigma, Shanghai, China) and HCPT (kindly provided by Sanofi, Shanghai, China) were dissolved in DMSO to prepare 10 mM stock solutions. For experiments, the cells were incubated for 3 days and then treated with or without 10 µM genistein and 1 µM HCPT for 24 h.
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Aspergillus pallidofulvus Visagie et al., Stud. Mycol. 78: 40. 2014. [MB809199]. — Type: CBS H-21796. Ex-type: CBS 640.78 = NRRL 4789 = IBT 13871 = IFO 4095 = WB 4789. Infragen. class: subgen. Circumdati, sect. Circumdati, ser. Circumdati. Reproduction: asexual. ITS barcode: EF661423 (alternative markers: BenA = EF661328; CaM = EF661389; RPB2 = MN969085).
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To determine the number of persister cells in exponential phase, cells were grown overnight in 4 ml and were inoculated to 10 ml of fresh medium to an initial OD600 of 0.05. Cultures were shaken for 1.5–2 h (for normally growing cells), until an OD600 of approximately 0.5 was reached. To determine the number of persister cells in stationary phase, overnight cultures (16 or 24 h) were used without dilution.
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The reversed database meets all these conditions when fully-tryptic peptide digestion is not enforced. Moreover, there is only one possible reversed database for every target database. This is beneficial because it removes the dependence on the randomization procedure and makes the FDR calculation deterministic and reproducible. Moreover, shuffled or randomized databases usually do not contain as many shared peptides (peptides that are shared between multiple proteins) as target protein database. This makes the actual search space in the decoy database larger than the search space in the target database, thus resulting in conservative FDR estimates . Elias and Gygi noticed this problem and suggested a possible correction procedure but most labs using shuffled databases still do not apply any correction.
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The relative expression analysis of TaLRKs showed distinct changes in expression pattern under infected conditions. Only ≥2 folds down or up regulated genes after inoculation were considered as affected genes. Higher number of TaLRK genes was affected by Bgt than Pst, which indicated diverse responses and specificity of TaLRKs towards various stimuli. A total of 120 B-LRKs and 60 L-LRKs expressions were affected (Fig 7A and 7B, S9A and S9B File). The expression of C-LRKs was unaffected. In Pst inoculation, about 25% affected L-LRKs were up regulated while ~10% were down regulated. A few highly up-regulated genes were L-LRK3.2 (6.9 F), L-LRK3.1 (6.8 F) and L-LRK13.2 (6.5 F), while L-LRK1.1 (13 F) was extremely down-regulated. In case of Bgt inoculation, interestingly more than 90% affected L-LRKs were up regulated while none was down regulated. The L-LRK13.2 (49 F) and L-LRK38.2 (16 F) were exceptionally up-regulated.
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Os dados sobre o impacto da hipertensão arterial sistêmica conhecida e da diagnosticada recentemente em pacientes com covid-19 ainda são muito limitados. No entanto, um estudo mostrou que o controle insuficiente da pressão arterial (PA) foi independentemente associado a resultados adversos em pacientes com covid-19 e hipertensos14.
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1989年，全国肿瘤登记地区男性和女性肺癌的平均发病年龄分别为65.32岁和65.14岁，其中城市男性和女性的平均发病年龄分别为65.51岁和65.34岁，农村男性和女性分别为63.07岁和62.63岁。到了2008年，登记地区男性和女性的肺癌发病平均年龄分别为67.87岁和68.05岁，其中城市男性和女性分别为68.19岁和68.34岁，农村男性和女性分别为66.40岁和66.34岁。全国男性和女性肺癌平均发病年龄较1989年分别升高了2.55岁和2.91岁，城市男性和女性分别升高了2.68岁和3.00岁，农村男性和女性分别升高了3.33岁和3.71岁。20年间，肺癌的平均发病年龄无论在城市和农村、男性和女性中均随着时间推移呈明显升高趋势（P < 0.001）（表 3、图 5）。
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Neste estudo, a diferença de conhecimento sobre sífilis encontrou-se associada ao sexo do adolescente, sendo menor entre os homens, fenômeno observado em outra pesquisa brasileira, na qual o sexo feminino apresentou 9% mais conhecimento sobre IST do que o sexo masculino16. Um estudo realizado na Malásia também detectou um maior nível de conhecimento sobre o tema em 53% das mulheres pesquisadas, com diferença significativa para os homens (44,3%)17.
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As we observed the induction of the memory precursor T cells in response to the OVA-EP-galDC vaccine, we directed our focus to the induction of long-term memory CD8+ T cells (Figure 5A) using the OT-1 congenic system described above. When we evaluated OT-1-derived CD45.2+ CD8+ T cells reactive for H-2Kb/OVA-tetramer in the spleens of the immunized mice on day 50, the OVA-EP-galDC vaccine induced the H-2Kb/OVA-tetramer reactive CD8+ T cells most efficiently (Figure 5B). Consistent with these data, the ELISPOT assay revealed that the OVA-EP-galDC vaccine promoted IFN-γ production by these OVA-specific CD8+ T cells most efficiently (Figure 5C). These data suggest that the OVA-EP-galDC vaccine efficiently induces OVA-specific long-term memory T cells in the spleen.
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The restoration of natural processes within estuaries can reverse or mitigate anthropogenic impacts (Borja et al. 2010) and increase the estuaries’ role as stepping stones in long-distance migrations. To prevent and counteract the negative effects of invasive species from far-away regions, proactive, coordinated approaches, such as regulating ballast waters, aquaculture, and the aquarium trade, are critical. In addition, adequate resources and authority for nimble management to eradicate or control existing invasive species are important (Williams and Grosholz 2008). The recovery of migratory species with broadscale distributions, such as migratory shorebirds, will require complex collaboration and coordination across multilevel governance structures (Sayles and Baggio 2017) to ensure that natural processes are restored sufficiently at continental and hemispheric scales.
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Icariside II has been investigated for inducing cell cycle arrest (Figure 3). In human glioblastoma cells, Icariside II induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest by downregulating G1/S transition cyclin D whilst upregulating cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27, dependent on the Akt-FOXO3a pathway. Likewise, Icariside II increased the percentage of A375 human melanoma cells at the G0/G1 boundary with downregulations of cyclin E, cyclin B1, CDK2, and phosphorylated-CDK1 (p-CDK1) (Wu et al., 2015). Besides the inhibition of G1/S phase cell cycle regulatory proteins, Icariside II could also trigger cell cycle arrest through the generation of ROS by activating the 3 M MAPK and p53 signaling pathways (Wu et al., 2015). In human esophageal squamous carcinoma Eca109 cells, Icariside II was demonstrated to be highly effective in downregulating β-catenin and cyclin D1 protein expression and stochastically inducing cell cycle arrest (Wang et al., 2011). The cell cycle blockage in human PC-3 and DU145 prostate cancer cells at the G0/G1 checkpoint was caused by Icariside II in a dose-dependent manner, which increased the percentage of cells undergoing G1 phase cell cycle arrest to 45.7–80% upon treatment with 40 µM (Lee et al., 2009; Li et al., 2020). These results were supported in a study by Wei Z, which showed that Icariside II induced significant accumulation of cells at the G1/G0 phase with decreased cell populations at the S phase and the G2/M phase in cervical cancer (Sun et al., 2020). This is attributed to the downregulation of p-AKT, CDK2, and cyclin E but no changes in cyclin D, CDK6, and cyclin A expressions (Sun et al., 2020a). These studies have presented evidence that Icariside II–induced cell cycle arrest of cancer cells predominantly occurs during the G0/G1 phase by modulating the expressions and kinase activities of cyclin, CDKs, p21, p53, and other signaling pathways.
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Las opiniones expresadas en este artículo son responsabilidad de las autoras y no necesariamente reflejan las opiniones, políticas o posiciones oficiales de las instituciones a las cuales están afiliadas, ni los criterios ni la política de la Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública / Pan American Journal of Public Health y/o de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud.
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The majority of mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear DNA (nDNA) , . We examined a subunit of F0F1ATPase, AS-β, that is encoded by nDNA after chronic CsA treatment. CsA decreased AS-β by 48% (Fig. 2A,B). Polyphenols increased AS-β 15% above control levels in the kidneys from vehicle-treated rats and recovered AS-β to ∼91% of control levels in the kidneys from CsA-treated rats. ND3, a mtDNA-encoded mitochondrial OXPHOS protein, decreased 88% after chronic CsA treatment (Fig. 2A,C). Polyphenols increased ND3 to 31% above control levels in the kidneys of vehicle-treated rats and recovered ND3 to 61% of control levels in the kidneys of CsA-treated rats (Fig. 2A,C).
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The reasoning for the measurements with the other rotation angles is analogous. For the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$90^\circ$$\end{document}90∘ rotation we have, for the joint measurement \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$AB$$\end{document}AB: \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$(A_1,B_1)$$\end{document}(A1,B1) = (East, Southeast), \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$(A_1,B_2)$$\end{document}(A1,B2) = (East, Northwest), \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$(A_2,B_1)$$\end{document}(A2,B1) = (West, Southeast) and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$(A_2,B_2)$$\end{document}(A2,B2) = (West, Northwest). These outcomes correspond to those of the unrotated joint measurement \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$A'B'$$\end{document}A′B′, in exactly the same order, so that we have: \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$p_{90}(A_1,B_1)=p(A'_1,B'_1)$$\end{document}p90(A1,B1)=p(A1′,B1′), \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$p_{90}(A_2,B_2)=p(A'_2,B'_2)$$\end{document}p90(A2,B2)=p(A2′,B2′), \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$p_{90}(A_1,B_2)=p(A'_1,B'_2)$$\end{document}p90(A1,B2)=p(A1′,B2′) and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$p_{90}(A_2,B_1)=p(A'_2,B'_1)$$\end{document}p90(A2,B1)=p(A2′,B1′). Then we proceed similarly for the measurements \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$AB'$$\end{document}AB′, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$A'B$$\end{document}A′B and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$A'B'$$\end{document}A′B′ of the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$90^\circ$$\end{document}90∘-rotated situation, looking again for the correspondences with the outcomes of the unrotated situation.
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The temporal variables had large estimated values. There was a large annual increase in the share of complicated discharges of 2.9 percentage points (95 % CI 2.6–3.1) in the period leading up to the reform (1999–2001). After the reform in 2002, there was a shift in the share of complicated discharges of 10.2 percentage points (95 % CI 9.6–10.8). By calculating the combined estimates of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_{t}, \, D$$\end{document}Tt,D and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_{t}D$$\end{document}TtD, we find an annual increase of only 0.4 percentage points in the period after 2002.
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除了药物之外，另一个更重要的差距在于国际研究采用的PD-L1检测试剂均未进入中国市场，PD-L1检测的可及性非常差。目前虽然少数国内试剂公司推出了PD-L1检测试剂盒，但检测的准确性仍有待验证，加之仍无中国人群PD-L1的cutoff值研究数据，因此临床广泛开展PD-L1检测仍无法实现。而目前国际报道的其他可能与免疫靶向治疗相关的生物标志物，如肿瘤突变负荷（tumor mutation burden, TMB）/新抗原负荷；T细胞受体；肿瘤浸润的淋巴细胞；髓样抑制细胞（myeloid-derived suppressor cells, MDSCs）等标志物在中国人群的研究更是少之又少。此外，中国人群与高加索人群存在显著的基因组学差异，研究报道中国人群的表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR）突变率明显高于西方人群，可达50%左右。有研究显示EGFR突变患者的TMB低于野生型患者，TP53突变及KRAS突变的肺癌具有显著增高的TMB。Meta分析结果也显示对于EGFR野生型患者二线PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂更好，而EGFR突变型患者二线化疗更好，因此目前绝大多数的免疫研究均排除了驱动基因突变的患者。对于EGFR敏感突变率较高的中国肺癌患者，免疫靶向治疗是否可行？目前在研临床研究的研究模式是否适合？如何制定治疗策略等问题仍需要进一步探索。
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Rat liver tissue was used for comparison of MALDI and MALDI-2 data generated at different step sizes. Three sets of alternate MALDI and MALDI-2 line scans were acquired in a single experiment (i.e. a line of MALDI data followed by a line of MALDI-2 data) and performed at 20, 15, 10, 8, 6 and 4 μm step sizes for both DHB- and DHA-coated tissues. As the first row in each acquisition does not result in oversampling in the vertical direction, one extra row was acquired at the start of each acquisition but not used for data analysis. This ensured each line scan was acquired under representative oversampling conditions. Line scans were performed using a mass resolution setting of 240,000 (FWHM @ m/z 400) giving a total scan time of 1.06 s/scan.
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雌激素经肿瘤局部芳香化酶合成后，主要经ER发挥作用。ER的两种亚型——ERα和ERβ由不同染色体上的不同基因编码，分别位于6q24区段和14q22-24区段。ER属于核受体超家族成员，由6个保守的结构域（A-F）组成，主要包括3个功能区：转录激活区（transcriptional activation function, TAF）、DNA结合区（DNA binding domain, DBD）和配体结合区（ligand binding domain, LBD）。位于C域中央的DNA结合区含有两个高度保守的锌指结构，ER通过此区与靶基因启动子中的雌激素反应组件（estrogen response element, ERE）结合，调节基因转录。
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ITC was frequently used to analyze the prospect of interactive binding that would identify inhibitors and their target proteins. The binding affinity (KD) of biomolecules through non-covalent interactions of the molecule complex formation could be obtained52,53. ITC was applied to identify the protease inhibitor of HIV that could inhibit viral replication54,55. We used ITC to evaluate the binding affinity between CCM and a recombinant NTCP. CCM could spontaneously bind NTCP as indicated by −ΔG (−5.72 kcal/mol) and endothermic (+ ΔH) reaction. Several herbal anti-HBV agents had been analyzed by molecular docking (e.g., quercetin, rutin, hesperidin, luperol, azadirachtin, beta-sitosterol, psoralen, embelin, menisdaurin and baccatin III) could specifically bind HBV reversed transcriptase comparable to lamivudine, a nucleoside analog. These compounds exhibited negative Gibb energy (−ΔG) ranging from −9.3 to −5.2 kcal/mol and KD of 10–6 to 10–3 M with HBV polymerase56.
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In the research targeting other conditions, such as stroke rehabilitation, the main target is to get the user to move their respective body part more to regain a substantial degree of control over it. The reason for the strong focus on the engagement and motivation of users to increase repetitions of a movement is therefore clear. However, using a myoelectric upper limb prosthesis requires the user to acquire a completely new set of skills. This can mean to either retrain or newly train muscles and their associated uses, depending on whether the limb difference is acquired or congenital. Therefore, a necessary requirement for a serious game in this field to be considered for clinical adoption would be evidence of a benefit to prosthetic ability (ie, evidence that the skill learned in the game transfers to the use of an actual myoelectric prosthesis). So far this kind of skill transfer has only been shown for software that we classified as simulators. It is hypothesized that the task specificity of the actions performed virtually allows the transfer to the real world to occur .
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CI Confidence Interval, CKD Chronic kidney disease, DKK3 Dickkopf-3. Multivariable model as presented in Table 3. Clinical model includes age, sex, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, glucose† and cholesterol. Prevalent CKD: N = 7946. New onset CKD: N = 5548. †Log2-transformed.
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In addition to interventions specifically for Black women, we would also recommend broad interventions that would improve nutrition among all pregnant and postpartum women, regardless of race or ethnicity. These would include interventions to address time constraints and lack of social support [41, 55, 56], as well as family preferences. Online follow-up allows women to participate in their schedule. This format could reinforce person educational activities and serve as a forum for recipe sharing and meal planning and provide ongoing motivation and peer support . Concurrent policy initiatives should be employed to complement the clinical interventions, ensuring access to healthier, more affordable foods [57–60] and decreasing access to unhealthy foods such as sugar-sweetened beverages and fast food through taxation as well as insurance reimbursement for successful weight loss programs [62–65].
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We focused our behavioral analyses on confirming that blocking did indeed occur in our subjects. To this end, we planned a paired t-test on subjects' prediction confidence for the first trial of stage 3 on which they see the blocked cue alone (mushrooms in Figure 1) compared with their initial prediction the first time they saw the blocking control cue alone (Chili in Figure 1). Mean predictive confidence ratings were calculated such that subjects' responses to the initial presentations of blocking and control cues for both contingencies (confirmed and violated) both contributed to the behavioral analysis. This was legitimate because until this point (i.e. before subjects saw the outcome at the first trial of stage 3), the novelty, familiarity and contingency with the outcome of these parallel causal contingencies were identical.
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9) In the Discussion, the authors ask whether Id is a morphogen. The answer is no. A morphogen diffuses from a source and specifies at least two cell fates above a ground state in a concentration-dependent manner. Given that the vertebrate embryo is not a syncytium and that Id is a transcription factor, it cannot function as a morphogen. BMPs can function as morphogens and, perhaps as an effector of Bmp signaling, Id can function to specify multiple cell fates, which seems to be what the authors are trying to say in the discussion. However, Id cannot be a morphogen and the authors should use this terminology appropriately.
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Das Misstrauen gegenüber dem eingesetzten Sicherheitspersonal wird noch dadurch verstärkt, dass viele Begünstigte des Schutzprogramms zuvor von staatlichen Sicherheitskräften bedroht oder attackiert worden sind. Außerdem gibt es Vorwürfe gegen Personal des Personenschutzes, in verschiedene Verbrechen wie z. B. sexualisierte Gewalt verwickelt zu sein: So erklärt eine Journalistin aus Medellín, die viele Zweifel hinsichtlich der Schutzmaßnahmen der UNP hat:Ich war sehr ehrlich zur UNP und sagte: „Hören Sie, ich traue der Polizei nicht, denn die Polizei in Medellín ist verdorben. Ich meine, ich werde dies tun (die Schutzmaßnahmen akzeptieren), aber ich traue dem Staat nicht und ich traue auch der UNP nicht. Ein UNP-Personenschützer vergewaltigte hier in Medellín eine Journalistin, und es gibt viele UNP-Personenschützer, die Informanten sind.” (Interview 2 durchgeführt im März 2019, Medellín)
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Our previous study showed that alendronate impairs proliferation and differentiation of undifferentiated human myogenic cells but does not affect the phenotype of terminally differentiated human myotubes . Thus, we speculate that muscle regeneration capacity could be attenuated in vivo when treated with alendronate because undifferentiated myogenic cells, which play essential roles in muscle regeneration, are supposed to be susceptible to alendronate.
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The isolation of Campylobacter was performed according to the Australian Standard (AS) 4276.19:2001 (8), which we previously validated for our region using PCR confirmation (33). In all assays, C. jejuni (NCTC 11168) was used as a positive control and Escherichia coli (K1) as a negative control during isolation. The membrane filters for water and sediment samples were placed into 25 mL of Preston Broth and kept at 37°C for 2 h for initial resuscitation. A Campylobacter-specific mixture of four antibiotics (polymixin B, rifampicin, trimethoprim, and cycloheximide) (SR0117; Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK) was added to Preston broth before incubating at 42°C for 48±2 h under micro aerophilic conditions using an Oxoid CampyGen 2.5-L Sachet. After primary enrichment, 2-μL samples were subcultured (streaking method) on modified Campylobacter Selective Blood Free Agar (CCDA) media containing cefoperazone and amphotericin B (SR0155; Oxoid). One to three presumptive colonies (based on Campylobacter-specific colony morphology) were then selected from each tentatively positive plate, further sub-cultured on Horse Blood Agar (HBA), and incubated at 42°C for 48 h under two conditions (aerobic and microaerophilic). Presumptive Campylobacter isolates were selected by comparing colony characteristics on HBA in combination with that on modified CCDA. Confirmation was then conducted as per the AS using the Oxoid Biochemical Identification System (O.B.I.S.). Biochemically confirmed isolates of Campylobacter were then transferred to 5 mL of Mueller-Hinton (MH) broth (Oxoid) and incubated under microaerophilic conditions at 42°C for 48 h. A 1-mL aliquot was subsequently extracted from each culture and placed into cryo-protective tubes containing glycerol (final concentration of 20% [v/v]) before storing at −80°C.
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Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus in the same genus as other important human pathogens, including dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV), yellow fever virus (YFV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) . ZIKV was originally isolated in a rhesus macaque in 1947 , but this virus has only recently claimed worldwide attention owing to its close association with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS), as represented by microcephaly, fetal demise, central nervous system abnormalities, and other neurological complications . No antiviral therapeutics for the treatment of ZIKV-associated human diseases, particularly congenital syndrome and fetal death, have been approved. This calls for the development of safe and effective therapeutic agents against ZIKV infection in humans.
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The molecular profiles of IP and IP-SCC suggest that mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 20, which promote an active kinase conformation, especially exon 20 insertions (ex20ins), are candidate etiological factors . EGFR is a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the ErbB family, which contains EGFR (also known as ErbB1/HER1), ErbB2 (HER2/neu), ErbB3 (HER3), and ErbB4 (HER4). EGFR activation leads to the stimulation of multiple intracellular signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT and Jak-STAT. High EGFR expression and increased EGFR copy number account for 90% and 21% of cases of head and neck SCC, respectively; however, EGFR mutations are detected in only 1% of head and neck cancer cases .
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Neste estudo de séries temporais, utilizaram-se informações do SIH/SUS (Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde) disponíveis no Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (Datasus), banco de dados público, gerenciado pela Ministério da Saúde, cujo uso de informações dispensa a aprovação por comitê de ética. Foram selecionados todos os registros hospitalares de idosos a partir de 60 anos, com autorizações de internação hospitalar (AIH) pagas, relativas às internações e óbitos ocorridos de janeiro de 1998 a novembro de 2015 que traziam como diagnóstico principal um dos códigos de quedas acidentais da Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID), 9ª e 10ª revisão, respectivamente: E885, E886, E880, E884, E888 e W01, W03, W10, W17, W18. O estudo envolveu vítimas de quedas graves e moderadas, as quais requerem atendimento de emergência (tratamento de fraturas, lesões de cabeça ou interna) ou atendimento médico (feridas, contusões, entorses, cortes e abrasões), respectivamente 11 .
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Anticorpos policlonais primários contra VEGF (Novus Bio NB100527) 1:400 foram aplicados em cortes de músculo. Os cortes foram imersos em solução de ácido cítrico a 0,01M, com pH de 6,0, e submetidos à recuperação antigênica de 95°C, por 30 minutos. Em seguida, foi realizado o bloqueio da peroxidase endógena com peróxido de hidrogênio a 3% por 40 minutos. Os anticorpos primários foram aplicados e incubados por 20 horas em uma câmara úmida a 4°C. Após mais três lavagens em solução salina tamponada,(18)anticorpos secundários (Biotinilado/Dako) e terciários (Streptavidina-HRF/Dako) foram aplicados e incubados por 30 minutos, em temperatura ambiente (24°C). A reação de análise imuno-histoquímica foi revelada com diaminobenzidina (DAB; Sigma Co., S. Louis, Estados Unidos) por 1 minuto. No controle negativo, o anticorpo primário foi omitido, e todas as lâminas foram contrastadas com hematoxilina. Todas as fotomicrografias de tecidos para análise de imuno-histoquímica foram feitas em microscópio óptico (Labomed®LxPol), equipado com câmera Axio CAM HRc e Software Capture Pro 2.9.0.1.
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It is known that non-coding RNA features tend to have lower expression than protein-coding genes. We therefore examined whether the allocation of reads between protein-coding and non-coding features were different in the SE data compared to the NS data. We saw that the non-coding transcripts were over-represented in the DEG lists in both the SE versus PE comparison and the NS versus PE comparison. As shown in Fig. 4 the proportion of non-coding DEGs ranged between 20% (Exp 4 NSvsPE, Fig. 4f) and 57% (Exp 3 SEvsPE, Fig. 4c). This was much higher than the genes tested for differential expression which, after filtering of lowly expressed genes, comprised between 6 and 11% of non-coding transcripts (Table 2). Accordingly, we see that the quantification of non-coding transcripts is disproportionately affected by sequencing method. This effect was more pronounced in the SE data compared to the NS data where we saw that a high proportion of the non-coding genes are pseudogenes, (between 25% and 69% of the DEGs generated in the SE vs PE comparison are pseudogenes). By contrast, the proportion of pseudogenes found to be significantly different in the NS vs PE comparison ranged from 2–5% of the DEGs. Reads mapping to pseudogenes are also likely to map to an ancestral gene. These reads are therefore prone to be ‘multimapped’ and discarded using single-end sequencing, however, it appears that this effect is lessened where both ends of the DNA fragment are available for mapping.Fig. 4Pie charts of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showing proportion of protein coding and non-protein coding features. The DEGs are classified as: protein coding (white), pseudogenes (green), antisense (orange), non-coding RNAs, other than pseudogenes and antisense (blue). DEGs found in the SE vs PE comparison are in column 1 (a, c, e) and DEGs found in the NS vs PE comparison are in column 2 (b, d, f)
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Para cada teste, após balancear a perfusão por 15 minutos, os corações cuja PDVE de base e FC eram >50mmHg e >200 batidas/min foram aleatoriamente distribuídos em cinco grupos, em envelopes lacrados. As amostras em todos os grupos foram perfundidas por 30 minutos antes dos 40 minutos de isquemia global normotérmica, seguido de 120 minutos de reperfusão, exceto no grupo controle (n=6): (i) grupo controle, sem protocolos de pré-condicionamento, perfundidos com solução de K-H normal; (ii), grupo de I/R, sem protocolos de pré-condicionamento, perfundidos com solução de K-H normal antes da isquemia; (iii) grupo DEX, pré-condicionado com 10 nM de DEX antes da isquemia; (iv) grupo ioimbina (IO), pré-condicionado com 1 μM IO antes da isquemia; e (v) grupo DEX + IO, pré-condicionado com 10 nM DEX + 1 μM IO antes da isquemia. As concentrações de DEX (Hengrui pharmaceutical) e do antagonista foram selecionadas com base em estudos anteriores. A ioimbina (IO) foi usada como antagonista do receptor α2 adrenérgico. DEX e IO foram dissolvidas em solução modificada de Krebs-Ringer ( Figura 1 ).
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To quantify the methane flux from the sediment into the water column, we incubated whole sediment cores from the vegetated sediment (n = 11) in the dark at ambient temperature (22 °C). Diffusive methane fluxes from these replicate cores varied from 5 to 490 µmol ⋅ m−2 ⋅ d−1 with an overall median of 106 µmol ⋅ m−2 ⋅ d−1 over a 24-h time period (SI Appendix, Fig. S7). Some of the incubated cores (n = 7) contained an intact seagrass plant, and the methane fluxes from vegetated cores with a plant were significantly higher than fluxes from vegetated cores without a plant (one-way ANOVA, P = 0.037; see Materials and Methods for details on core composition and SI Appendix, Fig. S7).
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Algumas limitações podem ser apontadas, como o fato de o estudo ter sido transversal, pois não foi possível acompanhar o paciente na evolução da doença, assim como seus hábitos alimentares e estado nutricional. O presente estudo analisou o consumo alimentar por recordatório de 24 horas, cujo método requer do avaliado a lembrança da quantidade e do alimento consumido no dia anterior, fato que pode acarretar supressão de informações ou subestimação da quantidade consumida.
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One clue comes from macroH2A localization at senescence-associated heterochromatin foci, where HIRA and ASF1a appear to deposit macroH2A. As noted previously, HIRA and ASF1a are also responsible for H3.3 deposition at actively transcribed genes . Thus, whether these chaperones are bona fide macroH2A chaperones or represent a situation similar to CENP-A (which exploits DAXX under specific conditions) remains to be determined. Nevertheless, macroH2A is not an essential histone variant, because a double knock-out of both macroH2A genes in mice does not result in death, despite impaired pre- and postnatal growth in addition to male reproductive impairments . Altogether, the role of macroH2A in heterochromatin formation and enhancer regulation might be important, yet redundant, with alternative mechanisms contributing to similar functions.
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Les complications immédiates: Etaient représentées par l’emphysème sous cutané dans 5% des cas ayant bien évolué, 3 cas de pleurésie purulente ayant nécessité une antibiothérapie et des aspirations quotidiennes avec bonne évolution. Il y avait eu 3 décès par arrêt cardio-respiratoire suite à un sepsis sévère.
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The growing use of next generation sequencing techniques has revolutionized the diagnostic odyssey for many families with intellectual disability, and continues to elucidate and implicate pathways and genes not previously associated with syndromic or nonsyndromic intellectual disability in humans.
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Unrestrained, freely moving rats housed in individual chambers (12 × 35 cm, 2.2 l) were exposed to a CIH protocol consisting of hypoxic cycles of FIO2 5% for 20 s, followed by room air for 280 s, applied 12 times/h for 8 h/day during 7, 14, and 21 days (Iturriaga et al., 2009; Del Rio et al., 2010, 2011, 2012). Chambers were equipped with a rear N2 inlet to produce periodic hypoxic episodes, and a front air extractor, which enables to recover the normoxic level. A computerized system controls the solenoid valve and the alternating cycles of the extractors. During hypoxic exposure, the extractors were stopped, while rear solenoid valves allow 100% N2 flows into the chambers. The O2 level in the chambers was monitored with an oxygen analyzer (Ohmeda 5120, USA). The CO2 in the chamber was maintained low by continuous air extraction. A group of age-matched rats was exposed to sham condition, whereas the N2 gas was replaced by means of flushing equal flow of compress air into the chambers. The room temperature was kept at 23–25°C and the intermittent hypoxic and sham patterns were applied from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.
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Die DKD wird durch Störungen des Lipidmetabolismus in Zusammenhang mit einer Abnahme der Nierenfunktion abhängig vom Stadium der CKD begleitet. Wie bereits erwähnt führt das Vorliegen einer CKD auch zu einem deutlichen Anstieg des kardiovaskulären Risikos . LDL-Cholesterin ist ein etablierter Risikofaktor für kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen in der Allgemeinbevölkerung. Sein prognostischer Wert ist allerdings bei Personen mit eingeschränkter Nierenfunktion aufgrund einer DKD eingeschränkt und es wird eine quantitative Verschiebung im Lipidprofil zu erhöhten Triglyzeriden, niedrigem HDL-Cholesterin – inkl. qualitativen Änderungen des HDL Cholesterins – sowie erhöhten Spiegeln an oxidiertem LDL-Cholesterin gefunden .
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The effective field of view (FOV) of the Spheroscope was derived from the calculation of the flat field and aberration field of the system. On the one hand, using the 10 μm-spacing calibration grid shown in Fig. 4a, the field curvature was measured as the degree of focusing of the grid lines across the image, which in turn was calculated as the local variance22 (Eq. 2):2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${F}_{var}=\frac{1}{MN}\mathop{\sum }\limits_{i=1}^{M}\mathop{\sum }\limits_{j=1}^{N}{(u(i,j)-\bar{u})}^{2}$$\end{document}Fvar=1MN∑i=1M∑j=1N(u(i,j)−u¯)2where M and N are the length and width, in pixels, of the window where the variance is computed, (in our case 200 × 200), u(i, j) is the intensity of the pixel with coordinates i, j of the window, and ū is the mean intensity of the pixels of the window. The field curvature map obtained, by calculating the variance in 200 × 200 windows in all the pixels of the image in Fig. 4a is shown in Fig. 4b.
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GO Biological Process enriched themes and their interaction map, illustrating the transcriptomic signature of WAT in obese subjects three months after gastric bypass. (a,b) Functional themes, represented by enriched annotation categories of GO Biological Process (a), were correlated in an interaction network after quantifying their proximity based on the expression similarity of their annotated genes (b). Continuous lines indicate the strongest interactions superior to the upper quartile of their distribution, while dashed lines depict medium strength interactions superior to the median of the distribution but inferior to its upper quartile. (c) A close-up view of the two most important functional interaction modules.
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The enrolled patients had undergone endoscopy every 18 months with H. pylori tests and histopathological examinations. Every patient with H. pylori-positive status underwent eradication therapy right after the enrollment. When the first eradication therapy failed, the 2nd and 3rd interventions were performed until the pathogen was eradicated . Tissue samples were obtained from corpus to measure the expression of MIF and autophagy markers.
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MM and JO developed the concept and the design of the experimental work and were responsible for writing the manuscript. MM, JO, CN, and IC actively participated in the implementation of the experimental tasks, data collection, and data analyses. All authors supervised the processes of accomplishing the study, substantially contributed to the interpretation of data, to writing and reviewing the manuscript, as well as to approving the final version of the manuscript.
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The extraction of carbonyl compounds with the immersed module was performed as described: (1) 25 mL of sample (model solution 5% ethanol or beer) was placed on the thermostatized chamber (Metrohm vessel with thermostat jacket, 30 mL), with continuous agitation, to which 50 µL of IS (12.5 mg/L) was added; (2) the extractor device with the PTFE membrane was attached to the lid of the chamber to create a closed environment; (3) 0.5 mL of derivatizing agent (HBA) was added to the extractor device. At the end of the defined extraction period, the extract was collected and transferred into a vial to be analyzed by HPLC-DAD.
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钙化可被认为是将良性病变从恶性中鉴别出来的最重要的影像特点。文献报道在504例钙化结节中良恶性概率分别为97%（490）、3%（14），1, 109例无钙化结节中良恶性概率分别为29%（327）、71%（782）。良性结节钙化形态常有中央、分层、弥漫、爆米花样四种，前三种形态往往是肉芽肿性炎（如真菌感染或结核等）表现；爆米花样钙化常为错构瘤的特点，概率甚至可以达到100%[4, 25, 26]。但是仍有约2%-13%的结节型肺癌、33%的类癌等恶性肿瘤存在钙化，常常表现为无定形、点状或偏心状；原因包括肿瘤坏死后相邻肉芽组织包裹、骨肉瘤及软骨肉瘤或粘液分泌型癌转移瘤等[6, 23, 25]。同时，由于38%-63%的良性结节、67%的类癌及大部分肺癌并不存在钙化，此时则需借助其他影像特征来进行鉴别。
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Behavioral data in the instruction groups was analyzed using a 2 (rumination: high vs. low) by 2 (instruction: MT vs. IT) by 2 (condition: focus/past vs. equanimity/future) MANOVA with 4 DVs (rating: attentional shifts vs. effort vs. emotional distress vs. success). As post hoc tests, we performed planned comparisons between (1) the groups and (2) the conditions within the groups (in MT: focus vs. equanimity; in IT: past vs. future). Interactions with the factor rumination were explored by comparing the subgroups (MT-rumination low, MT-rumination high, IT-rumination low, IT-rumination high) and the higher order interactions in the same manner (see Supplementary Table S1).
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We can calculate the deviation of LQI by comparing the actual LQI value with the advertised one. When a monitoring node receives a route update packet from a monitored node, it can calculate the actual LQI value according to LQIk′=255×(RSSIk+81)/91 , where k denotes the k-th route update packet that it received and RSSIk represents the received signal strength indicator of the k-th route update packet. The monitoring node can obtain the advertised LQI from the route update packet which is denoted by LQIk. Then the average deviation of LQI is calculated by: (14)DLQI(t)=1m∑k=1m(LQIk(t−Δt, t)−LQIk′(t−Δt, t)), where m denotes the number of route update packets that the monitoring node has received during the time period of ∆t. Therefore, the LQI trust that node i evaluates toward node j can be described as: (15)TijLQI(t)={1−DLQI(t)LQImax, if ∑k=1m(LQIk−LQIk′)>01, else, where LQImax equals to 255 in MintRoute protocol . This formula means that the trust degree of the monitored node will decrease if the advertised LQI value is larger than the actual one.
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随着耐药基因C797S的发现，第四代的TKI也孕育而生。EAI045，他是一个变构抑制剂而不是ATP竞争性的拮抗剂，主要作用于L858R/T790M突变型肿瘤细胞，与EGFR野生型相比，突变型与EAI045的结合力增强近100倍。在一个含有L858R/T790M/C797S突变的小鼠模型中，EAI045与西妥昔单抗联合应用，可使肿瘤明显缩小，有效率高达80%。这也与上面所提及的西妥昔单抗可对部分T790M/C797S突变以及同时存在EGFR敏感突变的细胞发挥作用相一致，为克服目前无敏感性的TKIs带来曙光。
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This study aimed to determine the colonisation prevalence of ESBL-PE/C-PE in asylum seekers newly arrived to the federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, and to compare whether the prevalence of colonisation with C-PE exceeds that reported in the German community .
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These data confirmed that the time taken for monkey oocytes to reach MI and MII are comparable to humans . More than 12 h was required to undergo GVBD, compared with only 2–4 h in the mouse, and MII was not reached until 36 h, compared to 12–16 h . The data indicated that the proportion of oocytes becoming mature was significantly increased after hCG priming (Table 2). Without continuous observation in vitro, it was not possible to assess variations between gametes in the time taken to mature, which ranges from 24–48 h for human oocytes . Priming with hCG accelerates the maturation of human oocytes in vitro , but this finding was based on patients with unstimulated polycystic ovaries, and it is not known if this applies to normal ovareis. Overall, human and simian studies appear to be concordant insofar that they reveal that hCG treatment can be beneficial, although the end-points were different.
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Besondere Beachtung und Einfluss hatte dabei sicherlich die grundlegende Arbeit von Aerts et al. „Decoding tumour phenotype by noninvasive imaging using a quantitative radiomics approach“, welche 2014 in Nature Communications veröffentlicht und mittlerweile über tausendmal zitiert wurde. In dieser Landmark-Studie reduzierten Aerts et al. zunächst 440 primär extrahierte Radiomics-Features auf eine Radiomics-Signatur oder eine Auswahl von lediglich 4 Features, welche jeweils nach Stabilität und prognostischer Vorhersagekraft aus den 4 Grundkategorien Intensitäts‑, Form‑, Textur- und Wavelet-Features ausgewählt wurden. Die ausgewählten 4 Radiomics-Features Energie (Intensität), Kompaktheit (Form), „grey level nonuniformity“ (Textur) und der HLH-Wavelet-Abkömmling wurden dann in einem Trainingsdatensatz aus 422 NSCLC-CT-Datensätzen mit einem einfachen Cox-Regressions-Modell auf das Gesamtüberleben gefittet. Das Radiomics-Modell konnten Aerts et al. in einem externen NSCLC-Datensatz, aber auch in zwei externen Kopf-Hals-Tumor-Datensätzen validieren. Mit einem C‑Index (0,5 zufällige Vorhersage, 1,0 perfekte Vorhersage) von 0,65 bis 0,69 hat die Radiomics-Signatur dabei in allen 3 externen Datensätzen aus Radboud, Maastro und Amsterdam eine gute und mit einem p << 0,001 auch hochsignifikante prognostische Vorhersagekraft gezeigt . In den Folgejahren konnte dann die Aerts-Radiomics-Signatur sogar an 3 weiteren externen Datensätzen, u. a. aus Kanada, aber auch an einem Datensatz von 293 deutschen Kopf-Hals-Tumor-Patienten extern validiert werden [3–5]. Gerade diese sehr gute Generalisierbarkeit der Aerts-Radiomics-Signatur über CT-Scanner-Modelle und Kohorten hinweg war vielversprechend und wurde als Indiz für das „translationale Potenzial“ von Radiomics betrachtet, muss jedoch angesichts der hier zu besprechenden Ergebnisse in einem anderen Licht gesehen werden .
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In this paper, the authors studied epigenetics related to the evolution of human neural specialization, measuring genome-wide DNA methylation levels in brain tissues from humans, chimpanzees, and macaques. Their findings of evolutionary changes in species-specific methylation with its implication to neurobiological function are significant and interesting. All the three reviewers agreed with this point.
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Voor de uitbehandeling van gecompliceerde urineweginfecties met een Escherichia coli bij vrouwen wordt veelal gekozen voor een breedspectrumantibioticum. Het doel van deze studie was om aan te tonen dat fosfomycine non-inferieur is aan ciprofloxacine voor de uitbehandeling van deze infecties.
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In the frame of the Luxembourg Parkinson's study (4), participants of a cohort approved by the National Ethics Board (CNER Ref: 201407/13) were contacted by phone from 18th March to 10th April 2020, starting 2 days after implementation of confinement in Luxembourg. Overall, 679 PwP were eligible for being contacted by phone (resident in Luxembourg and the Greater Region, capable to participate). Consequently, the collection of diverse perspectives was allowed. Five hundred seventy-four of 679 (84.5%) were diagnosed with typical PD. PwP that were not reached after three contact attempts per phone and a contact attempt via email were classified as “not reachable.”
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Utilizing the data in Table 2 , a distribution of the mass that will affect each section can be further studied. Accordingly, the upper section covers the head, neck, arms, and thorax and must handle up to about 55 kg of maximum load. The middle section covers the forearms, hands, abdomen, pelvis, and thighs and must handle up to about 82 kg of maximum load. The lower section covers the legs and feet, and must handle up to about 50 kg of maximum load.
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While many use rainfall amounts as a proxy to identify the monsoon onset, Matsumoto clearly states that his method identifies the summer rainy season. In order to be true to the original method, we emphasize that we identify the rainy season. Even though rainfall is a good proxy for the monsoon, there is not always a direct correspondence between the two concepts ( p133).
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Proteins are functionally defined by their interactions and many proteins form stable multi-protein complexes to execute their cellular functions; these macromolecular complexes are now intensely studied both structurally and functionally (Purdy et al., 2014; Wohlgemuth et al., 2015). As such, we also investigated the half-lives of proteins in the context of the complexes they are associated with. We examined 314 protein complexes (composed of >5 proteins) and found that on average, proteins that are co-members of a complex have more similar half-lives than randomly selected proteins (Figure 5A; Figure 5—source data 1). We determined whether the protein half-lives of complex members are related to the size of the complex (in terms of number of protein constituents). We found that the variability of protein half-lives within complexes does not correlate with the number of constituents in a complex (Figure 5—figure supplement 1).
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Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel (Microsoft, WA, USA) and SPSS (SPSS Inc, IL, USA). Normally distributed continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD); non-normally distributed continuous variables are presented as median with interquartile range. Continuous variables were compared between groups using t-test (normally distributed) and Mann Whitney U test (non-normally distributed) as appropriate. Categorical variables are presented as percentages and were compared using Chi-Square or Fisher's exact test as appropriate. Values of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Due to the pilot/exploratory nature of the study no statistical adjustments for multiple comparisons were made.
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Desde 2016, Brasil enfrenta una crisis político-económica sin precedentes. Para reducir el déficit fiscal, una Enmienda Constitucional congeló los gastos primarios del gobierno federal durante un período de 20 años sin considerar medidas capaces de reducir también la desigualdad, como la lucha contra la evasión fiscal o una reforma tributaria progresiva (20). En 10 años, esa reforma debe reducir el gasto primario del 20% al 12% del PIB, afectando principalmente el presupuesto para infraestructura y programas sociales, causando reveses en los “derechos de la ciudadanía”. Cortes en programas de transferencia de renta, de enfrentamiento de la violencia de género y en el Programa de Adquisición de Alimentos amenazan anular los avances en la seguridad alimentaria que habían hecho que Brasil saliera del mapa del hambre (21). A su vez, la Reforma de la Previsión Social desmantela el principal mecanismo redistributivo y de protección social del país (22). Tales medidas mantienen privilegios fiscales para los más ricos, haciendo que sea inviable el alcance de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible (ODS) (23).
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Over the past decades, supplementation of l-arginine was considered a logical therapeutic option to restore the decreased arginine levels in septic and critical ill patients, as increased arginine concentrations may restore the important physiologic processes, including organ perfusion, immune function, protein synthesis and wound healing . Several studies have evaluated the effects of l-arginine supplementation in a variety of conditions, at first in healthy controls. Arginine supplemented in a dosage of three to eight grams a day, rarely resulted in unwanted side effects, suggesting the supplementation of arginine to be safe . However, given in a higher dosage, exceeding nine grams, human subjects experience gastro-intestinal discomfort, vomiting and diarrhea. The severity of these side effects seem to be dosage dependent .
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Arginare la diffusione del virus rimane un obiettivo primario e inderogabile. Per questo motivo, le normali attività ambulatoriali sono state limitate ai casi urgenti e non procrastinabili. Questo a salvaguardia delle persone più a rischio, come la persona con diabete, ma anche dello stesso personale sanitario. Le regole emanate a livello nazionale ancor più trovano indicazione nelle persone con diabete. In quest’ottica devono essere lette le limitazioni imposte a partire dal 9 marzo u.s. relative all’uscire da casa, incluso l’accesso ai Servizi di Diabetologia. Proprio per andare incontro alle esigenze della persona con diabete è utile ricordare che i piani terapeutici per i farmaci anti-iperglicemizzanti sottoposti a controllo (DPP4-inibitori, SGLT2-inibitori, agonisti del GLP1, nuovi analoghi dell’insulina basale) e le richieste di presidi in scadenza da febbraio a maggio 2020 sono state automaticamente prorogate di 90 giorni con la possibilità di un’ulteriore proroga allo scadere di quella data. Analogamente, è stata prolungata la validità della patente di guida fino alla fine di agosto.
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Aspartate availability has been shown to be important under various conditions of metabolic stress. As an aspartate transporter, SLC1A3 contributes to aspartate metabolism through a number of mechanisms. Most simply, SLC1A3 can function to import extracellular aspartate under conditions of limiting glutamine which, by restricting TCA-cycle and ETC activity, severely impedes de novo aspartate synthesis (Birsoy et al., 2015, Sullivan et al., 2015). By importing extracellular aspartate, SLC1A3 can provide cytosolic aspartate, which is critically important for nucleotide synthesis (Lane and Fan, 2015). Indeed, we show that depletion of SLC1A3 results in a defect in both purine and pyrimidine synthesis. However, in HCT116 cells loss of SLC1A3 does not clearly affect intracellular aspartate levels but has profound effects on TCA-cycle and ETC activity, consistent with the previously described role of SLC1A3 as part of the MAS (Ralphe et al., 2004, Ralphe et al., 2005). Supporting this suggestion is the remarkable consistency in phenotype following knockdown of either of the two canonical mitochondrial aspartate-glutamate carriers AGC1, AGC2, or SLC1A3. Interestingly, depletion of each of the transporters results in a loss of ability to grow without glutamine. The basis underlying this lack of redundancy is not clear, and may point to some subtle differences in activity of the three proteins. Our data complement an accompanying study that shows a role for AGC1 in supporting cells under low-glutamine conditions (Alkan et al., 2018).
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In the static strain measurement experiments, the sensing FBG was placed at a uniform intensity cantilever, of which the deflection was proportional to the strain applied (66 μɛ/mm). In the experiments, the deflection changed linearly from 0 mm to 4.5 mm with an increment of 0.5 mm. The central wavelength of the seed DFB laser was 1547.52 nm. The Bragg wavelength of the sensing FBG was 1548.55 nm at 25 °C. Experiments with 20 pm, 10 pm and 4.92 pm swept steps were conducted respectively. To eliminate the interference of temperature fluctuation, the reference FBG (Bragg wavelength is 1549.02 nm at 25 °C) was connected to the sensing FBG.
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A focus should be made on 3.6–3.8 ppm shifts, which can be attributed to the hydrogen atoms in ester carbonyl attached carbons R–CO–OCH2/–O–CH2. This type of hydrogen is the most abundant, which allows suggesting that the ring-opening/extension occurs at the more active spots of −NH2 at the side groups on the amino benzenes. Thus, amines play a crucial role in the carbonization process. A nucleophilic substitution of the amine with other fragments that are present during the reaction leads to a reaction hotspot for chemical growth (Figure 5). In contrast, the reaction fragments that form the final skeletal structure of the resulting fluorescent forms of carbon dots are ultimately controlled by the shielding protons at the reaction beginning. Consequently, the favorable product can be tuned through the initial pH, which in turn leads to the creation of molecular species that can carbonize into active forms.
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外科手术一直被认为是早期非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC）治疗的金标准，近年来以立体定向放射治疗为代表的局部治疗方法正在挑战外科手术的绝对地位。2015年，Chang等通过58例随机对照试验比较立体定向消融放射治疗（stereotactic ablative radiotherapy, SABR）和外科手术治疗Ⅰ期肺癌患者发现，SABR患者的3年总体生存和无复发生存不劣于外科手术患者，但研究样本量较少，随访期较短，同时局部放射治疗无法明确肺癌的准确淋巴结分期，局部放疗在短期内尚不能完全取代外科治疗，以往的传统外科治疗方式是否仍试用于目前的早期肺癌，还存在诸多疑问。因此，外科手术仍然是治疗早期肺癌的首选方式。传统的开放手术由于创伤大而渐被胸腔镜下肺切除术所取代。本文对胸腔镜下早期非小细胞肺癌切除术的进展进行综述。
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Впервые в России создан и эффективно функционирует Государственный регистр больных сахарным диабетом, который стал уникальной информационно-аналитической системой диабетологической службы России. Сегодня в регионах РФ функционируют более 130 диабетологических центров и диспансеров, 1900 школ по обучению больных взрослых, детей и их родителей, свыше 180 референс-отделений по лечению диабетической ретино- и нефропатии, диабетической стопы. По инициативе И.И. Дедова впервые в России разработаны мобильные лечебно-диагностические комплексы («Диамобили»), которые позволяют оказывать доступную и высококлассную специализированную медицинскую помощь сельскому населению и жителям отдаленных регионов Российской Федерации.
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For patients with NS, PD tends to be avoided due to the potential adverse effect of loss of protein from the peritoneum. Concerns are always there that loss of protein from drainage and urine could lead to the more severe hypoalbuminemia and malnutrition . However, both short- and long-term outcomes of patients with NS treated with PD had not been fully elucidated.
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Between 2014 and 2017, 39 patients satisfied the study inclusion criteria (Table 1). Thirty (76.9%) were male and 19 (23.1%) were female; 25 (64.1%) were post trauma and 14 (35.9%) non-trauma. The mean body mass index was 20.4 kg/m2 and the mean age were 46.9 years. Cardiac disease and renal insufficiency were found in one patient each. The main disease etiologies contributing to the fistulae were trauma (25, 64.1%), tumor (9, 23.1%) and other (5, 12.8%). Small intestinal fistula was the most common type (39.0%), followed by colorectal (30.5%) and duodenum fistula (11.9%). Multiple fistulas were found in 16(41.0%) patients. The mean C-reaction protein (CRP), WBC, platelet count and hemoglobin on admission was 121.6 (mg/L), 11.0(109/L), 179.3 (109/L) and 105.5 (g/dl). Overall, in-hospital death occurred in 15 (38.5%) patients.Table 1Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with NSTIs secondary to gastrointestinal fistula (n = 39)VariableGender, (Male), n (%)30 (76.9)Age (years), mean (SD)46.9 ± 16.9BMI (kg/m 2), mean (SD)20.4 ± 1.9Co-morbidities, n (%)7 (17.9) Cardiac disefficiency2 (5.1) Renal disefficiency2 (5.1) Diabetes1 (2.6) Hypertension1 (2.6) COPD1 (2.6)Admission APACHE score, mean (SD)11.4 ± 3.7Shock on admission, n (%)21 (53.8)Positive blood cultures, n (%)17 (43.6)Cause of fistula, n (%) Trauma25 (64.1) Tumor9 (23.1) Other5 (12.8)Location of fistula (total number of fistula = 59), n (%) Small intestine23 (39.0) Colorectal18 (30.5) Duodenum7 (11.9) Stomach4 (6.8) Pancreas3 (5.1) Other4 (6.8)Multiple fistulas, n (%)16 (41.0)The flow of fistula (ml/24 h), n (%) < 2001 (2.6) 200–50011 (28.2) > 50027 (69.2)The laboratory data on admission, mean (SD) C-reactive protein (CRP) (mg/L)121.6 ± 74.4 White blood cell count (109/L)11.0 ± 3.3 Platelet count (109/L)179.3 ± 76.4 Hemoglobin (g/dl)105.5 ± 12.7Data are reported as number of patients (%) or mean ± SD. Abbreviations: BMI Body mass index, COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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The prevalence of type 2 diabetes increased from 1980 through 2014 (1). Dieting, exercising, attending regular medical check-ups, and screenings may prevent or control such disease (2). Regular medical checkups indicate a patient’s level of adherence to health care treatment, and the frequency of cancelled appointments or no-shows can indicate adherence. Several screenings, such as retinal examinations and laboratory work for glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, are recommended for proper diabetes care and disease prevention (3).
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由于没有3′末端，传统RNA测序技术无法检测出circRNA。研究人员通过分析RNA测序数据，在测序结果中寻找两个重排外显子之间的结点，来识别可能存在的circRNA。目前有许多商业化筛选手段，如高通量测序、基因芯片。高通量测序成本较高，但可以发现新的circRNA，芯片成本相对较低，但只能检测已知的circRNA。筛选出的circRNA可以通过荧光定量PCR技术进行验证。虽然circRNA筛选技术有所发展，但现阶段研究circRNA仍然存在一些问题，如标本中circRNA表达量较低，不便于检测; 母源基因表达和功能之间的关系还不明确等。
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Eine zweifaktorielle ANOVA mit Messwiederholung zeigt sowohl einen signifikanten Unterschied mit starkem Effekt für die Fehlerrate zwischen den Aufgabenkombinationen HA + visuelle NA und HA + auditive + visuelle NA (F (1,20) = 45,808, p < 0,001, partielles η2 = 0,696) als auch einen signifikanten Unterschied mit geringem Effekt für die Frequenzstufen (F (4,80) = 4,559, p = 0,002, partielles η2 = 0,187). Zwischen der Aufgabenkombination und den Stufen bestehen keine Interaktionseffekte. Zwischen den Frequenzstufen konnten post-hoc keine Unterschiede in den Fehlerraten der visuellen Nebenaufgabe gefunden werden.
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In addition to the example mentioned above, the mechanisms of the Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of many functionalized alkenes, such as β-dehydroamino acid derivatives, enamides, and α,β-unsaturated phosphonates, were studied using not only (S,S)-t-Bu-BisP* but also other several P-chiral bisphosphine ligands. In all cases, the resulting high enantioselectivity and stereochemical outcome (R or S) were reasonably explained by considering the dihydride pathway. In addition, the absolute configuration of the product could be predicted by considering the transition structure in the association and migratory insertion step. Furthermore, the proposed catalytic cycle and the enantioselection mechanism would be crucial for the design of new chiral ligands and catalysts. More details are described in original papers65–67,85,120–126) and reviews.127–129)
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Nudności i wymioty występujące u pacjentów z zespołem Panayiotopoulosa często początkowo nie są traktowane, jako element napadu padaczkowego, ale sugerują podejrzenie zapalenia żołądka i jelit, choroby lokomocyjnej bądź migreny, alergii pokarmowej, natomiast dołączenie się napadów połowiczych i uogólnionych nasuwa podejrzenie zapalenia mózgu lub procesu rozrostowego w ośrodkowym układzie nerwowym [5, 12].
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Die Befragungen wurden als Online-Umfragen durchgeführt. Da keine personenbezogenen Daten mit den Antworten verknüpft wurden, ist nicht überprüfbar, inwieweit sich Teilnehmer*innen an mehreren Befragungen beteiligt haben oder ob Personen außerhalb der Zielgruppe teilgenommen haben. Außerdem könnte das Online-Format Personen ausgeschlossen haben. Um sicherzustellen, dass die Befragung zugänglich ist und die Zielgruppe erreicht wird, wurde eine Person mit unfallbedingter Querschnittlähmung in den Pretest und die Rekrutierung eingebunden.
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Notre étude a été effectuée à l’hôpital Ibn El Jazzar (525 lits); au sein du service de réanimation polyvalente qui comporte 14 lits répartis sur 2 box de 6 lits et un troisième boxe d’isolement de 2 lits. En 2012 Le nombre annuel total des admissions était de 382 avec 3173 journées d’hospitalisation. Il s’agit d’une étude descriptive prospective longitudinale d’incidence incluant les patients hospitalisés dans le service de réanimation polyvalente* sur une période d’une année allant du 01/03/2013 jusqu’au 28/02/2014. Tous les patients hospitalisés dans notre service ayant dépassés 48 heures ont été inclus dans la surveillance de manière ininterrompue que le patient soit infecté ou non (date de sortie ≥ date d’entrée + 2 jours). La date de sortie sert de marqueur d’inclusion. La surveillance du patient cesse une fois le patient est sorti du service ou décédé.
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Avaliaram-se medidas antropométricas, clínicas e bioquímicas. Os estudantes ainda responderam quanto ao tempo gasto ao praticar atividade física, assistir televisão, jogar videogame e usar o computador. Os adolescentes que praticavam acima de 300 minutos/semana de atividade física foram considerados ativos.12 A escala de Tanner13 foi usada para identificação autoavaliativa do estágio de maturação sexual em que os adolescentes estavam e as meninas indicaram a presença e a idade em que ocorreu a menarca.
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Риск развития обструктивного апноэ сна вследствие ожирения также имеет тенденцию к увеличению у пациенток с сопутствующим СПЯ, что наглядно демонстрируют некоторые клинические исследования. Однако на современном этапе данные, подтверждающие/опровергающие данную гипотезу, противоречивы. В первом исследовании женщины с высоким ИМТ и СПЯ (n=53) имели повышенный риск развития обструктивного апноэ сна и дневной сонливости, снижения длительности ночного сна . Во втором исследовании с использованием Берлинского опросника принимали участие 2 когорты испытуемых: женщины, имеющие (n=44) и не имеющие в анамнезе (n=34) СПЯ; было показано, что ожирение являлось ярким предиктором развития обструктивного апноэ сна . В третьем же исследовании с участием женщин с ожирением и СПЯ (n=23) взаимосвязи между степенью увеличения ИМТ и выраженностью обструктивного апноэ сна (по индексу апноэ AHI) выявлено не было .
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Yes. Natural viral infection or vaccination have been noted as potential triggering events for inflammatory diseases for many decades. Regarding disease activity of IMRD and vaccination, it is suggested that promoting vaccination in quiescent disease phases avoids disease flare-up and favors a better immune response. However, due to COVID-19 severity, a rapid COVID-19 immunization is strongly recommended, and the patients included in most trials were vaccinated in different activity phases of their disease. Concerning the possibility of inducing or enhancing the autoimmune response through molecular mimicry between the viral antigen and host antigen, Rotondo et al. showed a low rate (5.7%) of disease relapse of IMRD after the first dose of vaccine, the rate of disease flare-up observed after BNT162b2mRNA/Pfizer vaccination could be due to the higher frequency of this vaccine administration. However, no significant differences in adverse events (AEs) between BNT162b2mRNA/Pfizer and ChAdOx1 nCoV19 were found in this study . Watad et al. reported that the average time between vaccination and new-onset or flare of symptoms was four days (median of 4 days [1–25 days] in those who developed an IMRD after the first dose and a median of 4 days [1–7 days] in those after the second dose) with most cases occurring after the first inoculation (77.8%) . Despite the high population exposure in the regions served by these centers, the authors concluded that IMRDs flares or onset temporally associated with COVID-19 vaccination appear rare. Most are moderate events and respond to therapy; although some severe flares occurred, new studies could be necessary.
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Revisão sistemática da literatura identificou 16 estudos prospectivos, incluindo coortes, em que o consumo e as concentrações plasmáticas de ω3 foram avaliados com relação à incidência de DM2. De um total de 540.184 indivíduos, houve 25.670 novos casos de DM2. 276 Tanto o consumo de ALA (n = 7 estudos) quanto sua concentração plasmática (n = 6 estudos) não se associaram a risco para DM2. Houve moderada heterogeneidade (< 55 %) para a concentração circulante de ALA e diabetes, podendo sugerir risco discretamente menor de DM2. 276
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On orbital timescale, the variations in GMS over India and the BoB are related to column integrated water vapor (CWV; units—kg \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\hbox {m}^{2}$$\end{document}m2)26 (Supplementary Fig. 4). It has been demonstrated that GMS and 1/CWV are linearly related for the ISM26. This linear relation between the two quantities is also valid over the BoB on orbital timescales, albeit with different constants. This difference in constants arises on account of the different vertical structures of vertical velocity which is known to impact GMS29 (Supplementary Fig. 5). The diagnostic model attributes moisture convergence to \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$Q_{{\mathrm{div}}}$$\end{document}Qdiv and CWV. The dependence of GMS on CWV is more complex during periods of large millennial-scale oscillations (such as the Bølling–Allerød warming). This will be dealt with in detail in a separate section. CWV over both India and the BoB increases rapidly during the deglacial and reaches their highest values in the early Holocene (Fig. 3c). Across the Holocene, CWV is relatively stable and shows less variations. CWV and hence GMS, over India and the BoB vary in synchrony (Fig. 3b, c). Hence, during the GMS dominant regime, precipitation over India and the BoB show similar variations. The transition from the GMS dominant regime to \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$Q_{{\mathrm{div}}}$$\end{document}Qdiv dominant regime is not abrupt. Towards the end of deglacial, the influence of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$Q_{{\mathrm{div}}}$$\end{document}Qdiv increases steadily. Thus, over the period 15–12 ka, precipitation over the BoB decreases in spite of an increase in insolation during this period.Figure 3The phase of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$Q_{{\mathrm{div}}}$$\end{document}Qdiv and GMS between India and BoB. Time series of (a) total energy flux into the atmosphere (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$Q_{{\mathrm{div}}}$$\end{document}Qdiv; top \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$+$$\end{document}+ bottom), (b) GMS, and (c) column integrated water vapor (CWV), for India (red) and the Bay of Bengal (blue). (d, e) show the decomposition of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$Q_{{\mathrm{div}}}$$\end{document}Qdiv into its components: insolation (black), \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$Q_{{\mathrm{div}}}$$\end{document}Qdiv (purple), and surface latent heat flux (green) over India and the Bay of Bengal, respectively.
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The exposure of CaO and fumed silica to the alkaline Cm(III) solution led to a Cm(III) uptake of 98.5 and 97.1% into the solid C-S-H phases having C/S ratios of 1.0 and 2.0. This corresponds to retardation coefficients (Rd) of 2.7 × 103 and 1.2 × 103 L/kg (Table 1).Table 1Amount of Cm(III) incorporated into C-S-H gel in dependence on C/S ratios.SampleC/S ratioCm(III) [%]Cm(III) [ppm]Cm(III) [mol/kg]Rd [L/kg]11.098.528.51.15 × 10−42.7 × 10322.097.128.11.13 × 10−41.2 × 103
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The following control lines were included in most disease tests: L. sativa cv Iceberg and dBIL468 (high levels of quantitative resistance at all plant stages except seedling stage (Zhang et al. 2009b; Den Boer et al. 2014)), BIL8.2 (low level of quantitative resistance at all plant stages except seedling stage) and L. sativa cv Olof, cv Cobham Green or occasionally cv Norden (susceptible). BIL268 and L. sativa cv Grand Rapids (high levels of quantitative resistance at young plant stage (Zhang et al. 2009b) were included in the histological analysis and in the young plant disease test.
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W ostatnich latach mikrobiota jelitowa została zidentyfikowana jako determinanta rozwoju otyłości, zarówno w badaniach na zwierzętach, jak i na ludziach. Badania Ley’a i wsp., opublikowane w 2005 r. pokazały po raz pierwszy różnice w mikrobiocie jelit myszy szczupłych i otyłych . Mikrobiota myszy otyłych zawierała znacząco mniej bakterii z rodzaju Bacteroides a wiecej Firmicutes w porównaniu z ich szczupłymi bliźniakami. Ponadto, kolonizacja myszy germ-free mikrobiotą pobraną od otyłych myszy, prowadziłado znacznie większego odkładania się tłuszczu w porównaniu z myszami szczupłymi.
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Weder eine sogenannte naturwissenschaftliche, noch eine wissenschaftliche oder eine psychosomatische Medizin können ihre eigenen Gesetze ihrer Methodologie und der Kritik ihrer Heilerfolge selbst erlassen. Diese Gesetze sind präexistent, und zwar sind es die für uns alle verbindlichen Gesetze der Logik und der Erkenntnistheorie. Diese Gesetze schließen in sich ein die Anerkennung der Kausalität. Sie ist weder eine Sache der Gewohnheit, wie Mitscherlich meint, noch eine Frage des Denkstils; sie ist nicht nur apriorisch begründet, sondern in einer unendlich großen Erfahrung. Die Medizin wird nie anders ihrer Aufgabe, kranken Menschen zu helfen, gerecht werden können, als auf der Grundlage, daß in jedem ihrer Bereiche der größtmögliche Grad von kausaler Beweisbarkeit erstrebt wird (Martini 1949a: 53).
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On the basis of all the above stated, it might be concluded that there is a need for the continuous search and development of innovative methods of tetracycline removal from various aquatic environments. This will help to overcome the issue of environmental pollution caused by tetracycline and minimize the associated negative effects. The treatment of wastewater requires special attention. Table 3 summarizes the effectiveness of biological methods used for tetracycline removal.
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Spatial RNAseq data from 6800 barcoded spatial spots from four 10x Visium capture areas was log-normalized using the Seurat V3.2 package and then used for batch correction. During log-normalization, feature counts for each spot are divided by the total counts for that cell, then multiplied by the scale.factor (106), and then natural-log transformed. Seurat-v3.2 package was then used to select top variable genes for spatial RNA-seq clustering. We used the FindVariableFeatures function in Seurat to choose the top 2000 highly variable genes from the dataset using the “vst” selection method. We then performed mean centering and scaling, followed by principal component analysis (PCA) on a matrix composed of spots and gene expression (UMI) counts, and reduced the dimensions of the data to the top 20 principal components. Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) was initialized in this PCA space to visualize the data on reduced UMAP dimensions. The spots were clustered on PCA space using the Shared Nearest Neighbor (SNN) algorithm implemented as FindNeighbors and FindClusters in Seurat v3.2 with parameters k = 30, and resolution = 0.5. The method returned spot clusters representing anatomical regions in the tissues, which were then visualized on UMAP space using the SpatialDimPlot command. To accurately label anatomical regions, the Wilcox test was performed to find differentially expressed genes for each region. We used the FindAllMarkers function in Seurat with its default parameters to get a list of differentially expressed genes for each cluster. Gene expression was visualized using the SpatialFeaturePlot function from Seurat v3.2. An anchor-based integration method implemented in Seurat-v3.2 was used for integration of spatial RNA-seq data with time-matched scRNA-seq data using FindIntegrationAnchors command and then cell type labels were transferred to spatial data using TransferData command. Cell type prediction values for Spatial RNA-seq spots were saved as an assay and used for further analysis. Cell type colocalization values were calculated by counting cell type pair abundances in spatial RNA-seq spots. Only cell types with the top four prediction scores in each spot were included. We also constructed a cell-spot similarity map by transferring cell barcode IDs to spatial barcoded spots. The cell-spot similarity matrix containing scRNA-seq cell similarity prediction for each spot in scRNA-seq data, which we further used to estimate pseudotime for spatial RNA-seq spots.
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In order to further study the interactions between CAFs and tumor cells, experiments both in vivo and in vitro were performed. Compared with cancer cells cultured with control medium, CAFs‐conditioned medium significantly promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cholangiocarcinoma cells. Furthermore, CAFs remarkably boosted tumor growth in xenograft model. These findings were in line with several results that connect CAFs and tumor cells in multiple tumors including gastric cancer,27 pancreatic cancer,28 breast cancer,29 etc. However, there has been limited number of studies investigating the effect of CAFs on the molecular functions and biological behavior of cholangiocarcinoma cells. Most recently, Okabe et al30 have reported human hepatic stellate or myofibroblastic‐like cell lines (LI90 or LX‐2) significantly increase invasiveness and proliferative activities in cell culture of two human ICC cell lines compared with that observed in control cultures without LI90 or LX‐2 cells. However, neither LI90 nor LX‐2 is CAFs, which could not completely simulate the microenvironment for tumor growth. Our study utilized isolated CAFs to preliminarily identify and confirm the promoting effect of CAFs on cholangiocarcinoma cells both in vitro and in vivo.
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Aufgrund der Heterogenität der Erkrankung müssen Therapieempfehlungen sehr differenziert ausgesprochen werden. Randomisierte, kontrollierte Studien fehlen leider gänzlich. Bei der medikamentös induzierten ATIN stellen die Identifikation und das Absetzen des auslösenden Medikaments die Basismaßnahmen dar.
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The mixing of PBS and commercial extra virgin oils resulted in film-forming materials that were successfully obtained by means of extrusion at high temperatures and subsequent blown film extrusions. The films were fully characterized from a chemico-physical and mechanical viewpoint. Furthermore, they proved able to slow the oxidation of the sliced fresh fruits. All these results may suggest that PBS-enriched films as potentially good candidates for food-packaging purposes, in order to replace fossil-fuel-derived plastics. In particular, these new forms of packaging may prevent the waste of fruit and vegetables, which, once cut, must be thrown away if not consumed or refrigerated. Based on the results of the food-contact test, the fruit can be kept for several days without undergoing significant alterations at room temperature.
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A etiologia da cardiopatia de pacientes com DCEI influencia sua evolução. O prognóstico de pacientes com cardiopatia chagásica crônica é desfavorável quando comparado ao de outras etiologias.40 Na literatura, não há estudos específicos sobre infecção relacionada a DCEI e etiologia chagásica, exceto um estudo sobre o diagnóstico microbiano com a cultura de fluidos.41 Comparando 15 pacientes com infecção e 68 sem infecção relacionada a DCEI, com um total de 19 chagásicos, não houve diferença entre os grupos quanto a essa etiologia. No presente estudo, com um total de 55 chagásicos, a comparação entre pacientes chagásicos e não chagásicos não demonstrou diferença entre as variáveis e quanto à evolução.
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The results of the study revealed that the relationship between the dyslexic learners and their peers was negative in the public school. These learners were exposed to ill-treatment by other learners who despised, ridiculed, bullied and undermined them. When dyslectic learners failed to read and write properly, they became objects of ridicule by their classmates who could read and write better than them. This finding is supported by Selvan (2004) in Mweli and Kalenga (2009) who observed that the majority of learners who experience learning difficulties or are physically disabled have negative experiences within the school environment. Selvan in his study further observed that these learners were being laughed at by their peers and were labelled and excluded in peer-group tasks and activities assigned in the classroom. This finding is echoed by Bhengu (2006) who found that children with disabilities were not easily accepted in regular classes. The finding on the negative relationship between dyslexic learners and their peers is further confirmed by Nugent (2008) who observed that dyslexic learners were exposed to distress, failure and in many cases bullying.
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Les agresseurs étaient âgés de 16 à 62 ans avec un âge moyen de 29,6. Les tranches d’âge les plus incriminées étaient celles de 16 à 35 ans (76,5%). Tous les agresseurs étaient de sexe masculin. La majorité des agresseurs viennent d'un milieu social défavorisé; 46,2% des agresseurs sont sans emploi ou en quête d'un emploi. Les employés de société représentent 15% des agresseurs, les chauffeurs de taxi 9,3% des agresseurs. Nous relevions 5,7% d'agresseurs ayant une activité rurale, 3,8% d’élèves, 1,9% d'ingénieurs et 1,9% d'enseignants. L'addiction a été retrouvée dans 7 cas (9,46%). Il s'agissait principalement de consommation d'alcool, ou de chanvre indien.
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Heatmaps summarizing the semiquantitative neuropathological grading (from left to right: diffuse amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), Lewy bodies (LB) and neuronal citoplasmatic TDP-immunoreactive inclusions (NCI)) for the different neuropathologic diagnostic groups (from top to bottom: AD, AD + MTL pathology, AD + DLB, AD + DLB + MTL pathology and DLB + MTL pathology).
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