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For the present antibacterial screening, four strains of A. hydrophila (AH1, AH2, AH3, and AH4) and two strains of Pseudomonas putida (PP1, PP2) were collected. The other two bacterial pathogens, A. hydrophila (ATCC 49040) and Micrococcus luteus (ATCC 49732) (DIFCO, BBL-Qualis Lab), were preserved in the Fish Health Management Division, CIFA, for challenge study and lysozyme activity, respectively .
IPAA - Samples, blank and standards (NIST SRM 1571) were irradiated in the photon beam of the INFN Frascati National Laboratory Linear Accelerator (LINAC) at an average beam current of 40 μA, maximum electron energy of 300 MeV and a W converter of 0.3 mm thickness.
Laut dem „World Drug Report“ der Vereinten Nationen haben im Jahr 2017 271 Mio. Menschen Drogen konsumiert. Insgesamt stellt dies im Vergleich zu 2009 einen Anstieg von 5,5 % dar. Die am meisten konsumierte Droge ist Cannabis. Zusätzlich gewinnen harte Drogen wie Kokain und Heroin und der damit verbundene intravenöse Drogenmissbrauch zunehmend an Bedeutung . Durch einen langjährigen intravenösen (i.v.) Drogenkonsum kommt es im Laufe der Zeit zu Vernarbungen im Bereich der oberflächlichen Venen. Als alternativer Zugang werden dann bevorzugt die großen, tiefliegenden Gefäße der unteren Extremität gewählt .
A potential concern for siRNA therapy is the delivery effectiveness of siRNA in vivo. In this study, cycE siRNA was delivered using liposome by intratumoral injection and we demonstrated this regime being sufficient to inhibit cycE expression in vivo and as a result, led to tumor suppression. CycE siRNA used here for treatment is a non-chemically-modified siRNA, which has relatively limited in vivo stability and membrane permeability. To apply cycE siRNA therapy in clinic in the future, it will be greatly beneficial if we can modify this siRNA to reduce its sensitivity to nucleases and increase its cellular uptake. Recently, various approaches have been adapted to chemically modify the siRNAs to increase its nuclease resistance as well as its intracellular uptake , , . Thus, it will be of great interest to test if chemical modifications of our cycE siRNA will improve its therapeutic efficacy, especially for systematic treatment in mice. In addition to chemical modification of siRNA, novel delivery systems can be employed to improve stability and efficacy of cycE siRNA , such as carrying siRNA by targeted nanoparticles to further improve the therapeutic efficacy of cycE siRNA in the future.
大量文献报道及实践表明[11, 19, 20]，充分合理的利用仅有的切口空间理念应贯穿于手术全程。包括：①器械的精细化客观上将更节省操作空间，如直径5 mm的超细腔镜头及未来的无线遥控镜头的使用；②杜绝不必要器械的置入，充分利用吸引器的优势，减少抓持器械的使用；③使用头端弯曲的器械，增加器械的使用效率。我中心利用软质吸引管代替吸引器吸取烟雾，利用体位的变化避免液体堆积于操作面同样可行。我中心单孔VATS肺叶/段切除的切口大小常规为3 cm，通过以上“节俭化”原则及器械精细化，手术切口可以小于3 cm，将创伤及疼痛减至更小（图 3）。
Badania prowadzone w Specjalistycznej Poradni Rehabilitacyjnej dla Dzieci Szpitala Wojewódzkiego w Rzeszowie na grupie 64 dzieci systematycznie poddanych rehabilitacji wykazały, że wczesne wprowadzenie usprawniania wpłynęło na wyrównanie deficytów rozwojowych w ciągu pierwszego półrocza. Jednak podkreśla się często w literaturze, że niemowlęta urodzone przedwcześnie wymagają długotrwałej obserwacji . W literaturze znajdujemy zalecenia wprowadzenia możliwe wczesnej fizjoterapii (przed 6 miesiącem życia dziecka), wskazując, że wczesny moment wsparcia zmniejsza ilość nieprawidłowych doświadczeń sensomotorycznych . W związku z tym analizę rozwoju dziecka przy kolejnych ocenach warto poszerzyć o zakres prowadzonej rehabilitacji, z uwzględnieniem wieku wprowadzonej terapii.
Secondly, the raw thermal sequences are preprocessed and decomposed by augmentation methods: 1. Principal Component Thermography (PCT), where the sequence decomposes into several orthogonal functions (Empirical Orthogonal Functions: EOF); 2. Flip; 3. Random crop; 4. Shift; 5. Rotation etc.
This short and high validity screening checklist goal, is for primary TMD screening in general practice . TMD screening is of practical importance in dentistry. Plus, it could be of use in general population settings to determine one’s capabilities to execute some tasks, like in military, where personnel are to be deployed and moved to areas where a treatment for acute pain episodes will be difficult .
Les caractéristiques des patients: notre étude a inclus 34 patients dont 60% de sexe féminin ayant un âge moyen de 50,4 ± 9,11 ans, et une ancienneté moyenne du diabète de 6,2 ± 4,2 ans. Leur poids moyen est de 78 ± 12,5 kg et leur indice de masse corporel moyen est de 27,8 ± 3,02 kg/m2. Vingt pourcent des patients étaient hypertendus équilibrés sous traitement médical, la tension artérielle systolique moyenne était de 137,9 ± 12,43 mmhg et diastolique moyenne de 86,7 ± 7,22 mmhg. Tous nos patients avaient déjà jeûné: quatre ont des antécédents d’hypoglycémies objectivées et huit des antécédents d’hyperglycémies au cours du mois de Ramadan (Tableau 1). Sur le plan thérapeutique 43% étaient sous monothérapie, 50% sous bithérapie et 7% sous trithérapie. Vingt deux patients soit 73% étaient sous sulfamides hypoglycémiants dont 55% sous gliclazide et 45% sous glimépiride à des doses différentes. Nous avons réduit la dose du sulfamide chez 5 patients et nous avons remplacé les sulfamides par une gliptine chez 2 patients. Nous avons fractionné la dose de metformine chez 25 patients soit 2/3 au ftour,1/3 au Shour. L’HBA1C moyenne est de 6,8% ± 0,92. Trente-six pourcent des patients avaient une HBA1C >7%. Le Tableau 1 résume les caractéristiques des patients à l’inclusion dans l’étude.
Se diseñó un instrumento tipo encuesta para recolectar la información, con preguntas cerradas sobre los datos de las historias clínicas sistematizadas. Se controlaron los sesgos de selección estableciendo criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Los sesgos de información se controlaron haciendo una búsqueda exhaustiva de las historias clínicas. Las definiciones de las variables se estandarizaron; se organizó el proceso de revisión de las historias clínicas, con el fin de no pasar por alto detalles o información valiosa, y se establecieron codificaciones para recopilar los datos de manera que mejorara su posterior procesamiento. Se hizo una prueba piloto con 20 pacientes para evaluar la capacidad de recolección de la información y la disponibilidad de los datos en las fuentes de información, y para validar el instrumento. No se excluyeron variables ni se imputaron datos.
The distributions of MERS-CoV infections among 6 Gulf countries are illustrated in Table 3 and Fig 1B. The majority of MERS-CoV infections (93%) reported between the time period from June 2012 to July 2016, were from Saudi Arabia. While, the remaining 5 GCC countries contributed only 7% of the cases with the distributions as follows: United Arab Emirates (5.0%), Qatar (1.0%), Oman (0.5%), Kuwait (0.2%) and Bahrain (0.06%). Gender analysis shown in Table 3 reveals that 60% of the patients were male and 31% were female. Moreover, age-specific risk distributions of MERS-CoV showed a positive correlation between the incidence and the age. Regarding cases reported from Saudi Arabia, 2% occurred in age group ≤20 yrs while 25% cases were observed in patients aged 20–39 yrs. The highest risk age group was 40 yrs and above. Together, they represent 65% of all cases reported from Saudi Arabia.
To measure the leaf relative electrolyte leakage (REL), mixed leaf samples (0.1 g) of each line were washed gently with double distilled water three times, then immersed in 5 mL of double distilled water, and placed at room temperature for 3 h. The conductivity of the solution was detected using a DDS-307 Conductivity Meter (LEICI Company, Shanghai, China) and recorded as R1. All the samples were boiled for 15 min and then cooled down to room temperature. The conductivity of each sample was remeasured and recorded as R2. Blank double distilled water was used as a control to elucidate the innate conductivity and recorded as C1, C2, separately. The relative electrolyte leakage was calculated as REL = (R1 − C1)/(R2 − C2) × 100%.
Hence, the MPQ was developed as a more precise alternative to general personality scales. It has received wide empirical support internationally as one of the most robust questionnaires for assessing multicultural personality and intercultural competence in general . It was initially created to evaluate the intercultural effectiveness of international students and expatriates during their stay abroad but has currently been used in different populations and contexts . There is evidence of a positive relationship between MPQ and productivity . Other studies link MPQ dimensions to many intercultural outcomes, such as cultural integration and cultural identity at work . The MPQ also predicts attitudes such as international students’ adjustment and intercultural effectiveness .
Furthermore, the co-transcription of the genes involved in the PCA 4,5-cleavage pathway was demonstrated using RT-PCR, and the transcriptional levels of the genes encoding the PCA 4,5-dioxygenase and a LysR-type regulator of the 4,5-cleavage pathway were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) in cells grown in the presence of phenanthrene and protocatechuic acid.
Os doadores soropositivos apresentaram um risco 2,3 vezes maior de morte por todas as causas (IC 95%, 1,8-3,0) em comparação aos soronegativos. Entre os doadores soropositivos, apenas 26 tiveram, como causa básica de morte, o código da CID-10 indicativo de DCh (B57.0/B57.5). 145 Os autores concluíram que a DCh é uma causa de morte subnotificada na base de dados brasileira de mortalidade.
Les principaux facteurs de risque des ISO concernaient autant les soignants que des patients. La longue durée d’intervention chirurgicale (6 fois), le stade de contamination élevé chez le patient ou Classe d’Altemeir 3 et 4(4 fois); l’anémie (3 fois); la présence de drain (2 fois), le défaut de préparation des malades (4 fois) et un longséjourpréopératoire. Les autres facteurs concernaient l’environnement hospitalier, les pratiques de soins inadéquats, l’âge extrême, la malnutrition, l’absence de consultation prénatale, les pathologies maternelles, le niveau d’instruction faible et les pathologies sous-jacentes. La présence de drain en effet fait l’objet de controverse dans son implication dans les ISO. Une revuesystématique n’a pas pu conclure sa relation avec la survenue des ces infections . Une étude similaire international sur les facteurs de risqué des ISO a identifiée les facteurs suivante :la co-morbidité, l’âge extrême, l’indice de risque élevé et la complexité de l’intervention. Par ailleurs, le diabète était considéré comme facteurs de risque dans une analyse multivariée ainsi qu’une durée prolongée de l’intervention . Dans les pays en voie du développement, les fardeaux d’insuffisances en équipement technologique dans les blocs opératoires et l’insuffisance des personnels soignants spécialisés pour les soins chirurgicaux pourraient y contribuer au prolongement de la durée des interventions . De plus, le recours avec retard à la médecine moderne après un état de santé grabataire par certains patients augmenterais l’incidence des ISO par complication ou contamination évolutive. La durée de séjour prolongé à l’hôpital avant l’intervention n’est pas à négliger . En effet, Elle constitue un facteur de risque préopératoire très important, en raison de la modification de la flore microbienne cutanée et digestive dès le 3-4ème jour d’hospitalisation; la fréquence croissante des complications de décubitus (infection urinaire, pulmonaire, cutanée…); la fréquence des explorations invasives et des traitements durant cette période, eux-mêmes responsables d´infections . Beaucoup d’autres facteurs de risque recensés dans les études sont modifiable et maitrisable tels que: l’alcoolisme, le tabagisme, le défaut de préparation des patients, les pathologies sous-jacentes. Ledéfaut de préparation cutanée des malades à opérer est une pratique récurrente dans ces hôpitaux. Elle devait se faire en utilisant unantiseptique de la même gamme que celle utilisé au bloc opératoire. Bien que le choix d’antiseptique approprié pour la douche préopératoire soit discuté [29, 30], sa réalisation reste fondamentale dans la préparation physique du malade. Toutefois, certains facteurs de risque sont similaires à ceux retrouvés dans d’autre pays hors ASS; Au Maroc, les facteurs de risque des ISO retrouvés dans un Hôpital étaient: Le caractère urgent de l’intervention, l´âge, le score ASA, la classe de contamination d´Altemeier, le type d´intervention et la durée opératoire étaient associés au risque infectieux pour la chirurgie viscérale . Les index NNIS établies par les pays développés devraitêtreréajustés pour appliquer dans les pays en développement . Les stratégies de prévention des ISO doivent être appliquées à tout niveau de structure de santé en Afrique Sub-saharien, allant de la surveillance des antibioprophylaxies, de l’usage des antiseptiques, de la préparation des malades à opérer et de création d’une base des données de collecte des informations sur toute intervention chirurgicales [32–34].
If this corresponds to a basic component of human reasoning, then it should be evident, in some form, in children. In fact, there is clear evidence that this distinction is fairly primitive. For example, Moshman and Franks (1986) found a clear developmental trend so that by early adolescence, most children can spontaneously understand the distinction between belief and validity, well before the level of schooling in which this distinction is taught. More strikingly, Morris (2000) found that children as young as 5-years of age, when given an appropriate content can generate this distinction. In other words, understanding the distinction between belief and validity is an early developmental acquisition, a critical one if explicit reasoning is indeed a counterpoint to intuitive reasoning. Of course, this is not really news to parents of young children, who despite the real difficulties of doing so, are nonetheless able to “reason” with children in a way that confronts the child’s intuitions with some form of logic.
Dos 1.159 egressos que se enquadravam nos critérios de elegibilidade, 13 foram descartados devido a impossibilidade de contato por um dos meios descritos. Ao todo, participaram do estudo 365 egressos de programas instalados em todas as regiões brasileiras. A proporção de respondentes por região onde cursou a residência guarda proporcionalidade com os registros recebidos (Tabela 1). Além disso, em cada região, ao menos 40% dos PMRS voltados à APS em funcionamento participaram do estudo. Do total de participantes, 80,2% declararam inserção em atividades profissionais, com vínculo ao SUS ou não. Conforme os dados disponíveis na Tabela 1, observa-se que a inserção profissional nacionalmente no SUS correspondeu a 47,9% (n = 175). Comparando a inserção no SUS entre as regiões brasileiras, constata-se maior frequência de inserção nas regiões Sudeste e Nordeste, ambas com proporção maior que a nacional (Tabela 1). Destaca-se ainda que, do total de participantes que declararam inserção profissional no SUS (n = 175), 35,4% (n = 62) também desenvolvem atividades profissionais em outros serviços (ou atividades), sem vínculo com o SUS.
В связи с выраженным неравновесным сцеплением все описанные мутации могут комбинироваться в ограниченное число гаплотипов из 64 возможных (HYPA, LXPA, LYQA, LYPA, HYPD, LYPB, LYPD и LYQС) (Madsen et al., 1995; Sullivan et al., 1996). Распределение частот гаплотипов гена MBL имеет крайне выраженные популяционные различия (Madsen et al., 1995; Boldt et al., 2006). Так, частота встречаемости гаплотипа HYPA, ассоциированного с высокой концентрацией MBL, варьирует от 6–8 % в африканских популяциях – Мозамбик, Кения (Madsen et al., 1995, 1998) – до 64–81 % в северных коренных популяциях – североамериканские индейцы и инуиты (Hegele et al., 1999; Best et al., 2004; Monsey et al., 2019). Европеоиды в этой градации занимают промежуточное положение с 27–30 % частотой гаплотипа HYPA (Skalnikova et al., 2004; Bernig et al., 2005; Steffensen et al., 2000).
En conclusión, se comprobó que en las bases de datos bibliográficas no hay investigaciones sobre malaria que apliquen el enfoque de la determinación social según la MSL; tampoco se encontraron artículos que aplicaran el análisis jerárquico y multinivel de los DSS individuales, intermedios o estructurales de la OMS/OPS. Se observó un predominio del enfoque empírico e individual, sin desarrollo conceptual y metodológico para las categorías comunitarias, sociales o estructurales de la determinación social de la salud. Esto pone de manifiesto la necesidad de emprender estudios multinivel y la importancia de propiciar cambios paradigmáticos en las investigaciones sobre salud pública tradicional, mediante acuerdos entre los investigadores en este campo, la acción de las agencias internacionales que financian investigaciones relacionadas con la salud pública y los gobiernos, con el fin de lograr un impacto global e integral en los países donde la malaria sigue siendo endémica.
Altered lipid metabolism has been linked to the progression of both acute and CKDs. Microarray analysis of human kidney biopsies in the Nephroseq database1 revealed a higher expression of SREBF1 and SREBF2 in patients with CKD or diabetic kidney disease (DKD) than in normal patients according to the results reported in Ju CKD Glom (Ju et al., 2013), Nakagawa CKD (Nakagawa et al., 2015), and Woroniecka Diabetes Glom (Woroniecka et al., 2011; Na et al., 2015). Furthermore, nutrient and genetic manipulations in experimental animal studies have demonstrated increased SREBP expression, which was associated with renal lipid accumulation, as well as progressive kidney injuries (Table 1).
In managing ventricular rupture, available treatment options include conservative measures and salvageable surgery. However, currently, there are no specific guidelines available in determining patient criteria and specific timing for surgical intervention . Conservatively, patients were treated to achieve hemodynamic stability, and this includes fluid management, inotrope support, and reperfusion therapy. As cited by Dandeniyaarachci et al. and Bajaj et al. , the incidence of cardiac rupture can be reduced with reperfusion therapy; however, the risk increases if thrombolysis is being done after 14 hours of symptom onset. The rationale behind treating patients is conservatively mainly due to the tamponade effect created by the thrombus that previously formed from extravasating blood in which only applicable for a small-sized rupture .
Dans cette étude, l'adénite tuberculeuse se caractérise par des adénopathies multiples, parfois abcédées, souvent associées à des signes généraux, chez un sujet qui est volontiers un adulte jeune. Son association fréquente à l'infection à VIH indique la recherche systématique de cette infection chez tout sujet avec une adénite tuberculeuse.
The incidence of CKS varies greatly with ethnic and geographic factors. The predisposition of Jews has been described in the literature. In Israel, rates of CKS of 2.07 in men and 0.75 in women per 100,000 were calculated . The risk for Jews to develop CKS is 10 times higher than for non-Jews . CKS is rare in North America and North Europe. Low rates were reported in England and Wales as well as in Denmark; intermediate rates were reported in Sweden, whereas higher rates were reported in Italy . The highest incidence rates in Europe were reported in two Mediterranean Italian islands: Sardinia and Sicily. At the National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, CKS accounts 0,1% of all new cases of cancer with a mean of 5 cases diagnosed each year.
In total, 169 infants with congenital malformations requiring prompt surgical intervention have been included in this study. Patient distribution to EA, IA, CDH, OC and GS is shown in Fig 1. Patients have been allocated into LEL and HEL according to maternal educational attainment. As per definition in this study, LEL refers to low maternal SES, whereas HEL represents high maternal SES. Table 2 shows the distribution of maternal SES for each congenital malformation.
The obtained results identify different 1-year trends of lung cancer patients' QoL after lobectomy. All sub-dimensions had a specific recovery: functioning subscales improved over time, whereas most of the symptoms became less severe over the care process. Perioperative complications, type of surgery, pre-surgery status, and age significantly affected these trends, thus becoming predictors of patients' QoL. In fact, in this paper, it was often demonstrated that pre-surgery QoL rates often predicted post-surgery status and trends, whereas the type of surgery, age, and perioperative complications often affect patients' well-being and recovery. Therefore, the measurement of pre- and post-surgery QoL and its clinical and sociodemographic covariables would be necessary to better investigate patients' care process and implement personalized medicine in lung cancer hospital divisions. A patient-centered approach would be important to develop preventive programs, analyze both psychological and medical outcomes that could affect patient's recovery, and improve patient empowerment (Marzorati et al., 2018; Bailo et al., 2019).
Оценка на устойчивость к фитофторозу. Лабораторный скрининг сортов картофеля на устойчивость к фитофторозу проводили по стандартной методике (Brylińska, Śliwka, 2017). В качестве инфекционного материала использовали изолят VZR17, включающий все гены вирулентности 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.
Figura 2Principais componentes de uma residência médica em medicina cardiometabólica. ABCD: doença crônica baseada em adiposidade; DRC: doença renal crônica; DBCD: Doença crônica baseada em disglicemia; ECG: eletrocardiograma; DHGNA: doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica.
The bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex is a multietiological disease entity that is associated with several infectious disease agents and sudden changes to climatic and environmental conditions and/or management practices. The traditional agents of BRD include bacterial pathogens such as Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni, and Mycoplasma bovis28–30, as well as viral pathogens, such as bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoAHV1), bovine parainfluenza virus-3 (BPIV-3), and bovine coronavirus (BoCV)29–31. We had proposed that OvGHV2 may be another potential disease agent of BRD2, and have since identified this virus7, or at least a MCFV32–35, in association with the development of pulmonary diseases in cattle. Furthermore, since we have associated the occurrence of BoGHV6 with pneumonia in buffalos17, it seem likely that these two members of Macavirus genus may be potential agents of pulmonary disease of ruminants. However, in most of the previous descriptions of pulmonary lesions associated with Macavirus, typical clinical manifestations of pulmonary discomfort were not observed. Accordingly, this study describes the association of OvGHV2 in dairy cattle with clinical manifestations of pulmonary disease.
Participants’ performance of the skills will be video recorded and downloaded on to a computer and stored on a secure server. Videos will only be viewed by AW and two clinical Midwife Research Assistants external to the research team. Their scores for the three instruments will be entered directly into a database set up using Remark®.
Phonological short-term memory was assessed in the Non-word Repetition test (Sahlén et al., 1999). In this task, non-words of increasing syllable length were presented from the computer and the children were asked to orally repeat each non-word. The children’s responses were recorded on an external tape recorder and the recordings were subsequently used for scoring the accuracy of the responses. The repetition attempts were scored as percent consonants correctly reproduced (pcc).
Il s'agit d'une maladie dont l'évolution est émaillée de multiples complications qui en font toute la gravité . On y note notamment des manifestations cliniques telles qu'une anémie hémolytique chronique, des phénomènes vaso-occlusifs, une susceptibilité extrêmes aux infections, la douleur, les manifestations pulmonaires, cardiovasculaires , des complications oto-rhino-laryngologiques ; rénales , les manifestations neurologiques [18, 19] et les manifestations digestives qui feront l'objet de ce présent travail. La drépanocytose peut toucher plusieurs systèmes dont le tractus gastro-intestinal et les manifestations sont habituellement secondaire à l'infarctus des petits vaisseaux et à l'occlusion de la microcirculation. L'ischémie se manifestant par une crise abdominale avec douleur sévère pouvant traduire une maladie ulcéreuse, une pancréatite et rarement une ischémie intestinale . Les patients avec drépanocytose ont une variété des pathologies gastro-intestinales incluant les calculs biliaires, hépatite, la boue biliaire, hépatomégalie, crises douloureuses, cirrhose avec une variété d'étiologie. Ces entités et d'autres relatives à l'atteinte gastro-intestinale en cas de drépanocytose sont décrit avec insistance d'après leurs signes morphologiques et biochimiques . Les calculs biliaires sont une complication chronique très fréquentes et reconnus depuis longtemps comme complication de la drépanocytose. Une étude échographique menée au Royaume uni a montré que plus de la moitié des homozygotes SS âgé de 10 à 65 ans avait un calcul biliaire , au Jamaïque, 13% pour la cholélithiase . La majorité des patients drépanocytaires vivent dans des pays sous-développés où les maladies parasitaires endémiques sont fréquentes et cela peut exacerber leur état d'anémie chronique , l'administration de l'hydroxyurée et la transfusion sont fortement recommandées chez plusieurs patients avec anémie falciforme ; la transfusion doit être donnée pour corriger l'anémie avec un taux d'hémoglobine inférieur à 5 g/dl à cause de l'hémoglobine S qui a une faible affinité à l'oxygène et assure une bonne oxygénation malgré l'anémie .
The gonopods (Fig. 13B), contrary to Chamberlin’s (1945) sketch (his fig. 20), show only a slightly curved telopodite devoid of a drastic parabasal geniculation. The coxae bear several setae on the ventral side. The telopodite is rather stout, unipartite, slightly hollow on the caudal face, only subterminally subdivided into a frontal stump (s) beset with bacilliform ornamentations and surmounted by a long spine (sp), and a simple, similarly spinigerous branch (b). The seminal groove runs along the caudal face to flush open on the surface, with neither a solenomere nor an accessory seminal chamber, nor a hairy pulvillus, terminating near the base of both s and b.
The vascular hyperpermeability and bronchoconstriction observed in BLT2-KO mice after PLY administration resemble a lethal asthma attack in a human patient; thus, we hypothesized that these characteristics may be linked to bronchoconstrictors such as cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs; leukotriene C4 (LTC4), leukotriene D4 (LTD4) and leukotriene E4 (LTE4)), collectively known as slow reactive substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A)20. Thus, we next measured the eicosanoid content of the BAL fluid and lung tissue from PLY-treated BLT2-WT and BLT2-KO mice using LC-MS/MS (Fig. 4A,B and Table 1)21. Surprisingly, PLY administration led to the production of large amounts of cysLTs in the BAL fluid and lung tissue, which were almost undetectable in vehicle-treated mice (Fig. 4A,B). PLY also increased the levels of other eicosanoids (LTB4, 12-HETE) in BAL fluid and lung tissue (Table 1), although there were present at much lower levels than cysLTs. Basal levels of prostaglandin (PG) and 12-HHT were detectable, but were not affected by PLY (Table 1). PLY treatment increased the concentration of cysLTs in diluted BAL fluid to about 4 nM, suggesting that high concentrations of cysLTs are produced in the lung after PLY administration, followed by subsequent activation of three receptors for cysLTs: CysLT1, CysLT2, and GPR9922. However, BLT2 deficiency did not affect PLY-induced cysLTs production.
Tremendous progress has been achieved in the past decade in the field of crystal structure prediction (CSP) for both inorganic456789 and organic compounds101112. Both branches develop rather independently, because, despite many similarities, they involve different challenges and address different questions. For instance, in inorganic CSP the term ‘high pressure' will frequently refer to conditions found in a planet's interior, up to ca. 350 GPa at the centre of the Earth, or to conditions required to profoundly change the bonding and electronic properties of inorganic materials (for instance, sodium becomes transparent and insulating at ca. 200 GPa (ref. 8)), whereas in organic CSP it refers to a much narrower and more modest pressure range, typically 0.1–10 GPa, where most structural changes and phase transitions take place. Here we are exclusively concerned with CSP of organic compounds. The state-of-the-art in this field has been well documented by a series of blind tests1314151617. Of the two main computational challenges, the complete sampling of the configurational space and the accuracy of the energy ranking, the first has to a large extent already been solved for structures crystallizing with one molecule per asymmetric unit. Energy ranking is still problematic when some low-energy structures are strongly stabilized by entropic contributions or when competing low-energy structures feature very different interactions such as dissimilar hydrogen-bonding schemes. However, the most important remaining challenge is probably the elaboration of clear crystallization recipes to cross the divide between the computational world (in silico) and the real world (in vitro). Since the 2010 blind test CSP studies of substantially flexible pharmaceutical molecules have started to appear in the scientific literature, with blind test compound XX as a model pharmaceutical18.
Los resultados se presentaron preliminarmente en una conferencia de CP organizada por la PAV en Roma en marzo de 2018, y posteriormente se discutieron en una nueva reunión cara a cara por una parte del grupo de expertos. En la reunión, se llevó a cabo una revisión de texto y se sugirió mejorar la formulación.
Исследование гормонов в сыворотке крови проводилось в лаборатории гормонального анализа ФГБУ «НМИЦ эндокринологии» Минздрава России (заведующая лабораторией Л.В. Никанкина). Лабораторные исследования были выполнены на автоматическом иммунохемилюминесцентном анализаторе ARCHITECT i2000sr (ABBOTT).
Die organisationalen Stressoren sind eingebettet in gesellschaftliche und politische Strukturen, welche die Belastungen zusätzlich verschärfen können. So ist Pflegepersonal für Menschen mit Behinderung häufig in mehreren Einrichtungen tätig [6, 22], was insbesondere während der COVID-19-Krise als Stressor wirken kann . Die Mehrfachbeschäftigung erhöht zudem das Übertragungsrisiko des Virus und stellt ein Hindernis bei der Logistik von Testungen dar. Zusätzliche Herausforderungen stellen veränderte Vorschriften für Schutzmaßnahmen durch die Politik und ein rascher Wechsel an Handlungsempfehlungen dar . Auch die fehlende gesellschaftliche Anerkennung von Mitarbeiter:innen in der sozialen Pflege wird als stressreich empfunden . Dies spiegelt sich auch in der fehlenden finanziellen Unterstützung der Behindertenhilfe durch Krisenfonds wider .
We demonstrated that TBS-induced LTP was induced and sustained, but extraordinary in the CA1 region of Caps1 cKO slices. Considering the fact that hippocampal CA1 LTP is primarily a result of the activation of postsynaptic NMDA-type glutamate receptors35, we assumed that, in Caps1 cKO slices, postsynaptic CA1 pyramidal cells retain the ability to evoke postsynaptic LTP, despite the extreme reduction in fEPSP amplitude. However, repeated application of TBS trains enhanced the potentiation ratio in Caps1 cKO slices, while LTP was saturated in control slices. These findings suggest that postsynaptic LTP is not efficiently induced in Caps1 cKO mice because of decreased presynaptic releasability, which can be attributed to the small size of the releasable pool at these synapses13,14.
In the veterinary field, the success of disease management in case of an outbreak is highly variable depending on several factors, including the extent of disease spread when the disease is discovered; the severity of the disease; the infectiousness of the virus; the density of the population; the speed of application of control measures; the compliance of animal owners; and the involvement of external factors such as vectors, climate, and/or environmental reservoirs. For instance, the 2001 FMD epidemic in the UK took more than a year to control and spread to surrounding countries such as Ireland, Belgium, and the Netherlands (41). Since the introduction of ASF to Europe in 2007, it has been spreading in several parts of the continent as well as in Southeast Asia (8). Recurrent BTV epidemics have occurred in Europe during the past 15 years affecting several countries (42). The control measures that are normally implemented for outbreaks of these diseases (FMD, ASF, and BTV) may vary from one disease to another, but generally, they include a depopulation of the affected herds followed by cleaning and disinfection, surveillance of neighboring herds, and tracing of contacts. Vaccination may be an option when a vaccine is available, as in the case of BTV (43) and FMD (44).
Em pesquisa na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e na PubMed, utilizando os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DEcS/Mesh), nos idiomas inglês e português, “custos hospitalares”, “gastos em saúde”, “gastos públicos com saúde”, “despesas públicas” e “gastos públicos com serviços privados” associado aos termos “covid-19” e “Brazil”, através do operador boleano AND, não foram encontrados estudos anteriores a este, de abrangência nacional, que descrevessem os custos para o SUS decorrentes das internações hospitalares para tratamento clínico de usuários confirmados para covid-19. Depreende-se que pesquisas referentes a esses gastos ainda são incipientes na literatura, embora a abordagem dessa temática seja de extrema relevância para compreender os custos ao sistema público de saúde.
Consulta con expertos y reconocidos actores nacionales e internacionales no involucrados en ADVANTAGE (entidades afiliadas, panel de académicos expertos y comité asesor externo) con el objetivo de lograr su apoyo y enriquecer el trabajo realizado a lo largo de estos años. Esto agregaría valor a las discusiones, dado el conocimiento y experiencia de estos actores en temas de envejecimiento, salud pública, fragilidad y enfermedades crónicas.
Os dados coletados das fichas de requisição transfusional foram gerais, como idade (meses), sexo, doença presente e local da solicitação da transfusão (pronto-socorro, enfermaria ou UTI pediátrica); e dados referentes às características das transfusões como o gatilho (motivo da transfusão), volume prescrito e subtipo de CP. No gatilho, foi avaliado se a transfusão foi profilática (baseado somente no valor das plaquetas) ou realizada em pacientes com hemorragia ativa. Foram consideradas adequadas as transfusões profiláticas de CP em pacientes com menos de 10.000 plaquetas/mm3. As transfusões com contagens maiores foram avaliadas individualmente, levando-se em conta a presença de morbidades associadas e o quadro clínico. Em relação ao volume prescrito, considerou-se adequado o volume entre 5 e 10mL/kg em menores de 1 ano e uma unidade de CP a cada 10kg nos maiores. Nos subtipos de CP, avaliou-se a solicitação de componentes filtrados, irradiados e lavados, levando-se em consideração a doença presente e o histórico transfusional do paciente.
Plants have a stunningly diverse array of floral shapes, sizes, and colors, and it has long been suspected that this floral diversity explains why flowering plants are so species‐rich today. Regulation of pollen transfer between flowers is key to the formation of reproductive barriers, the heart of the speciation process, so flowers may be under strong selection to diverge during speciation. Alternatively, changes in floral traits may happen after speciation is complete, as species adapt to new environments and pollinators. A third option is that species with similar flowers may compete for pollinators when they occur together in the same communities, which may accelerate changes in flowers to gain new pollinators or a greater share of available pollinators. To distinguish these scenarios, we need to look at the floral traits of species that co‐occur within ecological communities and reconstruct the evolutionary history of these traits. As a case study, we examine the Australian genus Hakea, in one of the most diverse temperate ecosystems in the world, Southwest Australia. Using digital photographs, we show that species that coexist in communities have very different flower colors, more so than we expect by chance alone, which is a possible signature of competition. Although the genus is roughly 35 million years old, much of this diversity in flower color evolved after the Mid‐Miocene (15 million years ago). Potential for competitive interactions between Hakea species should be density dependent—increasing as the number of co‐occurring species increases—so greater trait diversification toward the present is consistent with an increasing influence of competition. Together, our results support the role of competition being an important driver of flower color evolution in Hakea, which helps us better understand how many close relatives coexist in high numbers, shaping a biodiversity hotspot.
O tamanho da amostra foi definido com base na proposta de Luiz e Magnanini,17 que considera um erro amostral de cinco pontos percentuais e efeito de delineamento de 1,5. A partir desse cálculo foi identificado o mínimo de 513 adolescentes para compor uma amostra representativa, de base escolar, do município. A seleção da amostra foi por conglomerado e proporcional às faixas de 10-14 e de 15-19 anos e levou em consideração a população de estudantes nas séries finais do ensino fundamental e dos três anos do ensino médio.
All information in the GO is described using terms which are nodes with an unique ID, a description and their relationship with other terms. Due to these relationships, the GO is defined as a directed acyclic graph in the machine learning literature, making it a challenging task due to the substantial high number of terms, and many intrinsic relationships among them. Figure 2 presents a small part of the GO.
Firstly, a popular approach to sparsifying functional connectomes is proportional thresholding (Achard and Bullmore, 2007, Bassett and Bullmore, 2009, van den Heuvel et al., 2008). In this thresholding scheme, a top percentage of all partial correlation values in a subject-specific functional connectome is selected. The main aim of this approach is to keep the number of connections fixed for all the individuals in order to eliminate the impact of network density on the comparison of graph metrics across groups. This method for sparsifying functional connectomes is currently the most popular approach in the field, which might be due to its simplicity.
The primary SARs of natural flavones against thrombin are summarized in Figure 3. In conclusion, all these findings demonstrated that the C2=C3 and C4=O bonds of flavones were essential for thrombin inhibition. Thrombin inhibitory activity of flavonols and flavonoids was higher whereas that of flavanonols, flavanones and catechins was almost inactive. The introduction of OH groups of different quantities and at different position on flavonoids had diverse influence on thrombin inhibition. According to the bonding site (Figure 2), OH groups on C5, C7, C3′, C4′ and C5′ site on A ring and B ring were beneficial for anti-thrombin effect. In addition, introduction of O-methylation and O-glycosyl groups mainly played a role in weakening anti-thrombin activity.
TLC analysis of hydrolysis products of G-Rc by ammonium sulfate (30–80%) precipitates isolated from mushroom mycelia. S, Mixture of authentic ginsenosides; Rc, G-Rc; AM, Armillaria mellea; GL, Ganoderma lucidum; PL, Phellinus baumii; GA, Ganoderma applanata; PL, Pleurotus ostreatus
LINC00511 modulates the proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cell through regulating miR-625-5p. A-C qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of LINC00511, miR-625-5p and STAT3 mRNA after transfection of miR-625-5p mimic into MKN28 cells with LINC00511 overexpression. D. CCK-8 method was used to detect the cell proliferation after transfection of miR-625-5p mimic into MKN28 cells with LINC00511 overexpression. E. MiR-625-5p mimic was transfected into MKN28 cells with LINC00511 overexpression, and the migration and invasion of the cells were detected by transwell assay
To safeguard against missing some more delicate and detailed effects when a rather crude hearing criterion like the three-step Hear-distinction was employed, an analysis with a four-step hearing criterion (Hear4) was also performed. In this four-step criterion the extreme groups were the same as in the original Hear4 criterion, but the former middle-group (Insuff) was split into two groups, Insuff1 (SRT −5.5 to −5.0) and Insuff2 (SRT > −5.0 to 3.5). The number of persons are shown in Table 5.
We used dual-luciferase reporter assays to test the ability of TOR-KI and SBI-756 to reduce cap-dependent and IRES-dependent translation. Following 16 h of treatment of OCI-LY1 and the MCL cell line Mino1, SBI-756 in the range of 100–500 nM selectively reduced cap-dependent luciferase expression (Fig. 1c). Similar results were observed in two additional DLBCL lines (OCI-LY8, SU-DHL6) and in the Maver1 MCL line (Fig. S2c). Likewise, MLN0128 significantly reduced accumulation of cap-dependent luciferase (Figs. 1c and S2).
Several 223 HCV patients were treated between March–May 2019, and 41 entered the pilot study during the lockdown period in 2020. Table 1 shows no differences in gender and age between the two groups of patients. More employees were included in the lockdown phase than in the same period of 2019, and more pensioners in the 2019 period, as considered in the percentages of total observations in Table 1.
26例NSCLC患者化疗2周期后，CR 0例，PR 9例，SD 14例，PD 3例，与化疗前水平比较，PR+SD患者TPS、CEA水平均显著下降。5例治疗后TPS增高患者中，其中3例数值较化疗前明显下降，另外2例为治疗前正常疗效为PD的患者，这2例患者CEA未见增高。NSCLC患者化疗前后CYFRA21-1无统计学差异。18例SCLC患者中，CR 1例，PR 14例，SD 3例，患者的TPS、Pro-GRP水平均有显著下降。少数患者化疗后TPS、CEA、Pro-GRP水平仍异常，但较治疗前有明显下降。化疗后NSCLC患者TPS阳性率及SCLC患者TPS、Pro-GRP阳性率均有明显下降（表 4，表 5）。
Na mesma publicação, nota-se que há um contínuo entre “lesão miocárdica isolada” e infarto tipo 2, pois as condições que os originam são as mesmas, dependendo apenas da intensidade e da ocorrência das alterações eletrocardiográficas e ecocardiográficas e de quadro clínico compatível com diagnóstico de infarto.
For gel permeation chromatography (GPC), 1 mL of the SP was loaded onto semi-preparative column TSK gel G3000SW, 21.5 mm × 300 mm (TOSOH BIOSCIENCE) at a flow rate of 6 mL/min and nine SPP fractions were obtained. Protein content in the collected samples was determined specrtophotometrically (Ultrospec-200, Pharmacia Biotech,) and visualized by 12% sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) after silver staining (Garl Roth).
In practice, the distribution of the optical fluence ϕ(r,λ) in breast tissues is not constant because of nonuniform illumination and optical attenuation. Once the light reaches the breast, the optical fluence decreases approximately exponentially with depth; this is described by the well-known Beer–Lambert law: ϕ(d,λ)=ϕ0 exp(−μeff(λ)d). Here, ϕ(d,λ) denotes optical fluence at a depth d and a wavelength λ, ϕ0 is the incident optical fluence to the breast surface (d=0), and μeff(λ) is an effective attenuation coefficient at the wavelength of λ that reflects both the scattering and absorption of light in tissues.6,12,40 In addition, it is challenging to uniformly deliver the light to the breast surface in 3D OAT imaging. Hence, the reconstructed p0(r,λ) exhibits undesirable variations in the voxel brightness according to design of the illumination system.5,6 This limits the visible depth and field of view in the reconstructed p0(r,λ).
Outra limitação dos modelos lineares para a análise de tendência é a possibilidade de autocorrelação residual. Neste trabalho, os modelos com diagnóstico de autocorrelação nos resíduos foram reestimados via mínimos quadrados generalizados com uma estrutura de correlação autorregressiva de primeira ordem – AR(1). Não foram identificadas estruturas de correlação de ordem mais elevadas. Logo, quando existente, a autocorrelação foi adequadamente tratada no modelo.
Pour ce faire, ces agences se sont également dotées d´une liste d´attente nationale informatisée et actualisée de tous leurs candidats inscrits à la greffe, une liste alimentée et consultable par leurs équipes de transplantations et d´un système informatique national d´attribution de ces greffons, une attribution se basant principalement sur des critères d´équité et d´efficacité convertis en score, un scoring qui aussi prend en considération les cas prioritaires et les contraintes techniques liées au transport et au maintien de la qualité de ces greffons.
The hepatic NK cells profiled in this study displayed several similarities across disease states. The expression of genes needed for NK cell effector functions, such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF2), granzyme B (GZMB), and FAS ligand (FASLG), was inhibited in the majority of the NK cells from cirrhotic livers. Concurrently, we detected significant overexpression of CCL3, CCL4, and XCL1, which contribute to the recruitment of immune cells, such as monocytes, neutrophils, NK and T cells (40, 41), and XCR1-expressing dendritic cells capable of antigen cross-presentation, an event that may prolong the inflammatory response and favor fibrosis (42). CCL3 and CCL4 neutralization or the deficiency of their receptors, CCR1 and CCR5, provenly attenuate hepatic fibrogenesis and monocyte infiltration in mouse models (43). Therefore, a common feature of NK cells from cirrhotic livers despite the disease etiology is the recruitment of other inflammatory cells that may contribute to fibrosis progression.
Os participantes foram submetidos a espirometria antes e depois do uso de broncodilatador, de acordo com as especificações da American Thoracic Society( 14 ) com um espirômetro computadorizado (Koko; PDS Instrumentation, Inc., Louisville, CO, EUA). Os valores de referência utilizados foram os de Crapo et al.( 15 )
Total calcium content is one of the primary late-stage markers used to determine the osteogenic character of bone marrow derived MSC. Soluble extracellular calcium content was quantified by a commercial calcium reagent kit (Pointe Scientific, Inc.). Briefly, scaffold were immersed in a 0.6 N hydrogen chloride (HCl) solution at 37 °C for 24 h. Afterwards, 50 μL of lysate was combined with the o-cresolphthale in complexone solution to form a purple tinted solution. Solutions of known calcium concentration were run in parallel with the experimental group. Absorbance was measured spectrophotometercally at 570 nm.
Co-parenting quality varies along two key dimensions—supportiveness and conflict . Research suggests that children fare better following parental separation or divorce when their parents engage in supportive and cooperative co-parenting, and that the absence of this can be a risk factor for poor child outcomes, such as emotional and behavioural problems and poor academic outcomes . For parents, supportive co-parenting is associated with positive post-divorce adjustment and well-being, and conflict in co-parenting is associated with poorer adjustment and poor well-being .
Table 12 and Table 13 present the memory usage and prediction time. The full pipeline includes text pre-processing and neural network model loading. Each measurement was performed three times on the same data. Average values and standard deviations are shown in the tables.
The Q-angle was measured in the right leg during quiet standing by a different examiner from the one who analyzed the MR images, using a handmade goniometer made from a protractor and elastic string. The subjects stood with the knees fully extended, and the feet in a parallel position, with hand support as needed. The Q-angle was manually measured as the angle between the line connecting the anterior superior iliac spine with the center of the patella and the line connecting the center of the patella and the tibial tubercle . The CV, ICC (1,1) and typical error of the measurement between days were 13.3%, 0.781 and 2.4°, respectively.
Spielberger’s State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) scale44 is a self-reported 20-item questionnaire assessing anxiety. The questionnaire focuses on the current state of anxiety, asking how participants feel “right now,” in response to items that measure subjective feelings of apprehension, tension, nervousness, worry, and activation/arousal of the autonomic nervous system.
Total RNA was extracted from log-phase cells using the RNeasy minikit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) with on-column DNase I digestion, both according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Corresponding cDNA was generated using 1 µg total RNA and the iScript cDNA synthesis kit (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. cDNAs were diluted and used in PCR mixtures containing Power SYBR green master mix (Life Technologies, Inc.) and 0.5 µM (each) forward and reverse primer. Target sequences were TbERP1 nt 13 to 115, TbERP2 nt 158 to 266, TbERP3 nt 233 to 351, TbERP4 nt 6 to 116, TbERP5 nt 149 to 249, TbERP6 nt 566 to 649, TbERP7 nt 10 to 102, TbERP8 nt 177 to 293, and TbZFP3 (Tb927.3.720) nt 226 to 292. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed using the Applied Biosystems Step-One real-time system. Specific TbERP mRNA levels were determined relative to the internal reference gene TbZFP3 (68) in biological triplicate (means ± standard errors of the means [SEM]).
1. Il riassunto, la citazione o la riproduzione di brani o di parti di opera e la loro comunicazione al pubblico sono liberi se effettuati per uso di critica o di discussione, nei limiti giustificati da tali fini e purché non costituiscano concorrenza all’utilizzazione economica dell’opera; se effettuati a fini di insegnamento o di ricerca scientifica l’utilizzo deve inoltre avvenire per finalità illustrative e per fini non commerciali.
Als mögliche retinale Manifestationen zeigten sich Netzhautblutungen, Cotton-Wool-Spots, Tortuositas sowie retinale Gefäßverschlüsse. Marinho et al. fanden ähnliche Beobachtungen bei 4 von 12 Patienten . Auch in der SERPICO-19-Studie zeigten sich neben signifikant vergrößerten Gefäßdurchmessern vermehrt vaskuläre Funduspathologien wie retinale Blutungen, Cotton-Wool-Spots und Tortuositas. In der unexponierten gesunden Vergleichskohorte aus 133 gesunden Probanden fanden sich nur in einer unsignifikanten Minderheit retinale Alterationen . Um unsere Ergebnisse zu beurteilen, verglichen wir unsere Beobachtungen mit den veröffentlichten Daten dieser Vergleichskohorte (Tab. 2). Es fanden sich signifikant mehr vaskuläre Pathologien unter den COVID-19-Patienten als bei der gesunden Kontrollgruppe. Dies legt nahe, dass COVID-19 mit vaskulären retinalen Manifestationen assoziiert sein kann. Während in der SERPICO-Studie die erweiterte Einteilung in schwer erkrankte („severe“) und nicht schwer erkrankte („non-severe“) COVID-Patienten erfolgte, um eine positive Korrelation der Vergrößerung der Gefäßdurchmesser mit der Schwere der Erkrankung aufzuzeigen, wurde in unserer Studie keine Korrelationsanalyse mit der Schwere der Erkrankung durchgeführt. Jedoch zeigte sich in unserer Studie kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den beatmeten und nicht beatmeten COVID-19-Patienten.COVID-19-Patienten, n = 37Gesunde Probanden der SERPICO-Studie, n = 133p-ValueaNetzhautblutungen (%)5 (13,5)2 (1,5)p = 0,006Cotton-Wool-Spots (%)5 (13,5)0p = 0,0004Tortuositas (%)5 (13,5)9 (6,7)p = 0,19Venöser Verschluss (%)10p = 0,22Arterieller Verschluss (%)10p = 0,22aFisher exact test for qualitative variables
Los documentos metodológicos fueron publicados desde el año 2002 al 2013 en Canadá, Croacia, Egipto, Filipinas y el Reino Unido (5, 13, 16–18). Cuatro describieron metodologías estructuradas específicas mencionadas en las revisiones incluidas, pero proporcionaron información adicional a la presentada en éstas. Dichas metodologías fueron la James Lind Alliance (17), Combined Approach Matrix (CAM) (5), Child Health Research Investments (CHNRI) (13), y European Network for Housing Research (ENHR) (16). El quinto documento metodológico, “Methodology for the development of a Canadian national EMS research agenda”, describió los detalles de una metodología diseñada y aplicada en el desarrollo de la agenda nacional de investigación para los servicios médicos de emergencia en Canadá (18).
Los estudios cuantitativos sobre este tema en países de altos ingresos son escasos. No obstante, se han documentado altas variabilidades en la prevalencia también en trabajos desarrollados en África y Asia, cuyas medidas fluctúan entre 15% y 98% (48-50). Los estudios africanos muestran frecuencias más altas de discriminación, procedimientos sin consentimiento y, además, retención de las mujeres en instituciones hospitalarias por falta de pago.
A multi-modal EC assessment approach was piloted in Pakistan in 2008, using three data collection instruments . Separate surveys collected information and perspectives on EC from a range of community members and health care providers. Facility assessment was performed with questionnaire and item inventory during a facility tour, staff in-charge interview and patient log review. This approach, like the PECA, aimed to gather broader insights into the availability and quality of facility-based EC. The quantitative analysis provided useful snapshot information on the status of EC in the Pakistan districts, but was unable to shed detailed light on facility function or priority domains for improvement aside from simple resource availability.
In der Pandemie müssen Pläne und Protokolle bei knappen Ressourcen von einer individuellen Perspektive der Patientenversorgung zu einem bevölkerungsbezogenen Fokus übergehen. Die Zuweisung von Ressourcen muss dabei prinzipiell erfolgen und versuchen, Gerechtigkeit und Fairness zu gewährleisten [3, 7]. Dennoch sollte dem einzelnen behandelnden Arzt zu jeder Zeit und in jedem denkbaren Szenario die Möglichkeit gegeben sein, seinen Patienten zunächst nach allen Regeln medizinischen Handelns („good clinical practice“) betreuen zu können. Dazu zählt zunächst, zu eruieren, ob überhaupt die Indikation, eine realistische Erfolgsaussicht und der Wille des Patienten für eine intensivmedizinische Behandlung gegeben sind (Abb. 1). Sind die Voraussetzungen erfüllt oder können aufgrund der dringlichen Behandlungsnotwendigkeit kurzfristig nicht erhoben werden, wird eine Therapie indikationsgerecht begonnen. Die Evaluation der Behandlungskapazitäten erfolgt nach Abschluss der notfallversorgenden Erstmaßnahmen.
研究对象来源于中国医科大学附属盛京医院第四肿瘤科住院肺癌患者50例，病例收集时间为2015年8月-2016年10月。入组标准为：①具备适当的沟通能力，无智力障碍等，有能力完成量表评定；②年龄≥18岁，有独立的认知和自主能力；③既往无精神病史；④既往无其他严重基础疾病；⑤既往无酒精药物依赖者；⑥有明确的病理诊断为肺癌（包括非小细胞肺癌和小细胞肺癌）；⑦存在各种各样的躯体化症状，其特征是自觉痛苦或导致重大功能损伤的躯体症状，同时具有关于这些症状过度和不恰当的思维、感觉和行为，未发现合理的躯体症状解释；⑧除外因肿瘤进展等器质性原因或因放化疗等治疗副反应引起的躯体化症状（由至少2名主治医师判断确诊，并由精神心理科专业医师进行定期访谈），所有入组者均在入组时签署知情同意书。本次调查共发出问卷53份，收回有效问卷50份，回收率94.3%。50例有效患者中，均为肺癌，男性29例，女性21例；年龄42岁-75岁，平均（58.58±7.99）岁。其中，7例合并糖尿病，10例合并高血压；1例陈旧性心梗病史10余年，1例冠心病史10余年，口服药物治疗未再发作；1例房颤发作病史合并十二指肠溃疡病史20余年，后未再复发。患者血糖、血压平稳，相关化验检查指标平稳，病情控制良好，请相关科室及心理科医师会诊评估其伴随疾病不会引起焦虑抑郁等情绪问题。
The structure of the microbial communities of endophytic bacteria associated with S. europaea from two salt-affected sites (I-ISE and C-CSE) revealed by IlluminaMiSeq 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing at the class level. Abundances lower than 5% were shown as “other”
A distribuição normal dos dados foi analisada utilizando-se o teste Kolmogorov-Smirnov. As variáveis contínuas foram apresentadas como média e desvio padrão (distribuição normal) ou mediana e faixa interquartil (distribuição não normal), e as variáveis categóricas foram apresentadas como número absoluto e porcentagem.
To the best of our knowledge, no prior studies have assessed whether the fulfilment of quality measures concerning caregivers’ perception of involvement is associated with patient-experienced improvement and satisfaction with psychiatric care . Such knowledge is essential to verify whether a positive link between caregiver involvement and patient outcome also exists in everyday psychiatric hospital care from a patient-centred perspective.
Based on the findings, the updated prototype of mRehab was built (Fig. 5). The handle of the mug was modified to a more preferred ‘D’ shape and the number of twists needed to open and close of the mug lid were reduced. Both right and left handed mugs were created so that the phone screen is visible to participants regardless of their affected side. A lip was added to the edge of the bowl to prevent it from accidentally slipping from the hands of the participants. Moreover, the design of the bowl was modified to be more rounded to facilitate supination of forearms. Design for key and door knob was also revised to more closely resemble real life shape and size. The color of the 3D printed items were changed to a neutral white color, a box was built to standardize distances objects were moved in the activities and contain all study items. The instructions on the app were revised to provide more clarity and consistency across activities. To increase clarity, in addition to audio instructions on the app, one page manuals were created with written instructions for the activities.
Relative to WHR, EAT thickness resulted higher both in VR (7.60±0.58 mm) and CABG patients (7.89±0.40 mm) with a WHR ≥ 0.95 compared to VR (4.00±1.00 mm, p<0.05) and CABG patients (4.67±0.33 mm, p<0.05) with a WHR <0.95, respectively (Figure 6C). No differences have been observed neither between VR (4.00±1.00 mm) and CABG (4.67±0.33 mm, p = 0.50) patients with a WHR <0.95, nor between VR (7.60±0.58 mm) and CABG patients (7.89±0.40 mm, p = 0.73) with a WHR ≥ 0.95 (Figure 6C).
Although the fitness advantage of SAS is clear, this does probably depend on such factors as size relative to neighbouring plants, phylogenetic background, ontogenetic stage and the current physiological state. In addition, many other aspects of the environment determine the range of response: population density, availability of resources other than light, time of the year and the type of habitat. For example, a pioneer vegetation of rapidly cycling species that is establishing on bare soil may rely less on phenotypic plasticity, then later successional stages (Lundgren & Sultan, 2005; Weijschedé et al., 2006; Weinig, 2000a, 2000b).
本研究在Polb基因启动子区共检测到3个突变位点，其中-188_-187insCGCCC突变类型为首次报道。如图 3所示，3种检测到的突变体均位于Polb基因核心启动子区内，位于或紧邻转录因子结合的核心区段。-196G > T和-168C > A由郑州大学的董子明组在食管癌组织中被首次报道。体外实验表明，两种突变均可引起Polb基因启动子活性的明显增强，并导致细胞对化疗药cisplatin的抗药性。本研究在启动子区发现了一种新的插入性突变体-188_-187insCGCCC，其插入位点位于转录因子SP1的核心结合位点，且插入碱基多达5 nt，推测该插入突变可能会显著降低对转录因子SP1的亲和力，进而降低启动子的转录启动活性，并导致DNA聚合酶β蛋白表达量的降低。
The consumption of lower energy-dense foods and lower total EI early in the intervention were associated with greater WL. Furthermore, consumption of lower energy-dense foods early in the intervention and an early-late decrease in energy-dense foods was predictive of successful WL. These findings are in line with previous research concluding that the consumption of a diet lower in energy-dense foods may be an effective strategy for managing body weight (51). Those who achieved clinically significant WL also exhibited different eating behavior to those who did not. Early in the intervention and on average, the CWL group consumed lower energy-dense foods compared with the NWL group. This supports previous findings demonstrating consumption of a low energy-dense diet leads to weight loss through improved appetite control and reduced EI (29). There was also a trend toward the main effect of week and group for percentage fat intake such that percentage fat intake was higher in the NWL group and there was an early-late increase in the percentage fat intake (but not absolute fat intake). The increase in fat intake during the intervention could indicate a decrease in adherence to the WL diet (52), a weakening in restraint/increase in disinhibition (21) or a compensatory response to prevent further WL (53). The types of fat participants consumed were not measured, therefore it is not possible to comment on the quality of fats consumed by participants in this study (54).
各引物序列及反应条件见表 1。PCR反应体系25 μL，其中10× PCR buffer 2.5 μL（含Mg2+，终浓度为1.5 mmol/L），dNTP mixture 2.5 μL（终浓度250 μmol/L），上下游引物各2 μL（30 pmol），修饰后的DNA模板5 μL，灭菌去离子水10.85 μL，Taq酶0.15 μL（日本Takara公司）。正常人外周血淋巴细胞DNA作为非甲基化阳性对照，过量CpG（SssI）甲基化酶（美国New England Biolabs公司）修饰的淋巴细胞DNA作为甲基化阳性对照，ddH2O代替DNA作为阴性对照。
Sequences from Methanopyrus kandleri were removed because it has been previously shown that its RNA polymerase evolves very rapidly compared to other Archaea, with very long branches and an accumulation of indels . As a consequence, M. kandleri branches between Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota in the archaeal RNA polymerase tree, whereas it branches as sister group to Methanobacteriales in archaeal trees based on ribosomal proteins . This latter position, which has been strongly supported by further analyses , is also coherent with the presence of pseudomurein in the cell wall of Methanobacteriales and M. kandleri .
Each graph represents the cost of an mHealth-facilitated TB contact investigation program as the average annual contact positivity rate (number of contacts diagnosed with TB divided by the number of contacts evaluated) varies from 0.0252 to 0.0307 to 0.0361 to 0.0415 among household contacts of TB patients. The y-axis represents the number of clinics covered by the program and the x-axis the total annual contacts at each clinic. The orange hue gradient represents the cost gradient associated with different program coverage capacities, with the darkest shade representing scenarios with the lowest programmatic costs and the lightest shade representing scenarios with the highest programmatic costs. Abbreviations: CHW, Community health worker; RCT, randomized-controlled trial; SMS, short-messaging service; TB, tuberculosis.
Figure 4 shows that S1 (Building) is another major emission sector. Within this sector, the subsectors Residential (S11) and Commercial & institutional (S12) account for 79% and 21% respectively, suggesting that carbon emissions of residential building are much more than that of commercial & institutional building. Therefore, reducing energy consumption in residential building deserves more efforts.
A group of subjects with a healthy gingiva (n = 12) and a group of subjects with severe generalized periodontitis (n = 11) were recruited for the study from among the patients, staff, and students of the Faculty of Dentistry at Université Laval. The recruitment and saliva sampling were authorized by the local Health Research Ethics Board (File number 2018-291A-1/18-03-2019). All the participants provided written informed consent and were admitted to the study following a complete periodontal examination. The participants in the healthy group had to display a bleeding on probing score <10%, probing depths ≤ 3 mm, and no periodontal attachment loss due to periodontal disease. The subjects in the periodontitis group had to exhibit generalized stage III or IV periodontitis, grade B or C, according to the most recent classification of periodontal disease . Subjects were excluded based on the following criteria: (i) being <18 years old, (ii) having fewer than 20 teeth remaining, (iii) having received a periodontal treatment in the previous 12 months, (iv) being a smoker, (v) having used antibiotics and/or immunosuppressive drugs in the previous 3 months, and (vi) presenting a systemic disease that affects the immune system or periodontal health.
The hallmark of osteoarthritis (OA) is destruction of the articular cartilage, which results from the disturbance of the equilibrium between the anabolic and catabolic activities of chondrocytes and loss of the extracellular matrix (ECM)1. Due to the high concentration of negatively charged sulfated glycosaminoglycans on aggrecan (ACAN), cartilage tends to attract sodium ions and water within the tissue, resulting in elevated osmolarity and high osmotic pressure compared with surrounding tissues, allowing it to resist compressive loads in the joint2. During the progression of OA, reduced proteoglycans and loss of matrix integrity affect osmolarity as well as water content, which compromise its capacity to withstand mechanical stress.
In plus, condroitina sulfat de sodiu creşte producţia de acid hialuronic prin celulele sinoviale umane, ceea ce constituie un efect benefic asupra menţinerii vâscozităţii lichidul sinovial. De asemenea, conform unor studii specifice condroitina sulfat stimulează metabolismul condroicitar, conducând sinteza colagenului şi proteoglicanilor-componente de bază ale noului cartilaj, inhibă enzimele elastazei leucocitare şi hialuronidaza, care se gasesc în concentraţie mare în lichidul sinovial al pacienţilor cu afecţiuni reumatice. În concluzie, tratamentul injectabil intraarticular pe bază de hialuronat de sodiu reticulat cu condroitină sulfat de sodiu s-a dovedit a fi foarte sigur şi eficient pentru pacienţii cu OA avansată la genunchi.
Among the 30 patients with non-infectious diseases, mNGS showed false-positive results in 13 cases (Additional file 2). Non-infectious diseases included organizing pneumonia (n = 5), lung cancer (n = 17), lymphoma (n = 3), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 2), granulomatous polyangitis (n = 1), drug-induced pneumonia (n = 1) and allergic alveolitis (n = 1). In one case with a false-positive result by the application of mNGS (Mycobacterium), the traditional methods detected Aspergillus. This case was finally diagnosed with a lung cancer and the condition improved after chemotherapy. Therefore, it was a false-positive both for the conventional tests and the mNGS.
The measures of left ventricular (LV) GLS, RV strain and RV free wall strain underwent intra- and interobserver agreement analysis by use of intraclass correlation coefficients. Bland-Altman plots were created to show the results of the interobserver analyses.
Foi solicitado aos pacientes que trouxessem seus equipamentos novamente na consulta médica seguinte, e novas coletas de material do nebulizador e do paciente foram realizadas. Naquela ocasião, o questionário foi reaplicado com a finalidade de conferir a adesão ao método padronizado orientado.
A inflamação é um processo-chave na aterosclerose. Existem evidências significativas do efeito prejudicial às citocinas pró-inflamatórias no sistema cardiovascular.4 Durante a inflamação, citocinas pró-inflamatórias, tais como IL-1ß e IL-6, reduzem a síntese da fetuína-A no fígado. Níveis de fetuína-A circulante reduzidos limitam as atividades de inúmeros mediadores anti-inflamatórios, agravando, dessa forma, a resposta inflamatória. A fetuína-A é um dos inibidores de calcificação em tecido mole e na árvore vascular.5 A calcificação da artéria coronária é vista como índice da gravidade da doença vascular aterosclerótica e pode também prever eventos cardiovasculares adversos futuros.
The PLOS Data policy requires authors to make all data underlying the findings described in their manuscript fully available without restriction, with rare exception (please refer to the Data Availability Statement in the manuscript PDF file). The data should be provided as part of the manuscript or its supporting information, or deposited to a public repository. For example, in addition to summary statistics, the data points behind means, medians and variance measures should be available. If there are restrictions on publicly sharing data—e.g. participant privacy or use of data from a third party—those must be specified.
An AMOVA analysis was conducted to assess the existence of genetic diversity within and between the populations. Based on the disease score, 161 landraces were divided into three populations: HR (21), MR (70) and S (70). Further, it was observed that highest diversity (94%) exists within population, whereas least (6%) between population (Table 5; Fig 4). The pair–wise fixation indices (FST) among the populations are listed in the Table 6. The pair wise FST estimate was highest between the highly resistant and susceptible while it was least between the highly resistant and moderately resistant populations. Based on the estimated value of fixation indices, it is indicated that there is weak population structure and they are not also isolated genetically from each other.
Cell apoptosis was analyzed by annexin V-APC/7-AAD staining as previously described . In brief, the serum deprivation medium was used for inducing apoptosis . Cells of each group seeded on sterile cover glasses were placed in 6-well plates for culture in DMEM medium supplemented with vehicle (PBS), n-EMVs or OGD-EMVs for 24 h. The apoptosis assay of atrocytes was conducted with using an Annexin V-APC/7-AAD apoptosis detection kit (BD Biosciences). Briefly, cells were washed with PBS, resuspended with 100 μL 1 × annexin-binding buffer, incubated with 5 μL APC-conjugated Annexin V and 5 μL 7-Amino-actinomycin (7-AAD) for 15 min in the dark, then analyzed by flow cytometry. Cells stained with both Annexin V-APC and 7-AAD were considered to be late apoptotic astrocytes, and the cells stained only with Annexin V-APC were considered to be early apoptotic astrocytes. The experiment was repeated three times, and three plates per experiment were analyzed in each group.
Grundsätzlich zeigen die Ergebnisse der Umfrage und SLR sowie unsere eigenen Erfahrungen, dass zunächst eine herkömmliche symptomatische Therapie der Diarrhö angebracht ist. Essenziell ist dabei der Volumen- und Elektrolytausgleich. Die in der Literatur angegebene Therapie war zumeist Tanninalbuminat/Aluminiumsilikat bei milden bzw. moderaten Verlaufsformen . Opiumtinktur und Loperamidhydrochlorid wurden in schwereren Fällen eingesetzt [15, 16]. Die Ergebnisse der Umfrage zeigten zudem, dass vor allem Opiate, aber auch Flohsamen und Apfelpektin eingesetzt werden.
Reviewer #3: I suggest the authors provide a sentence or two discussing the role of pancreatic disease in the morbidity and mortality of the CVB3 infected mice (demonstrated by the pancreatic pathology and the body weight loss) and the possibility that a-syn expression in the pancreas leading to a significant increase in CVB3 replication in those tissues explains the higher morbidity and mortality in the a-syn OE transgenic mice. In addition, the crystalline arrays in the dSH-SY5Y cells should be in discussions of Figure 2E in the text.
Therefore, the results reported in this paper may have a great potential application in clinical practice in the near future, since they will be applied in an in vivo clinical pilot study in paediatric patients with Cystic Fibrosis from six European CF-centres. Participants will follow a 24-hour menu consisting of the foods we studied, along with the TODs obtained in this part of the study. Collections of faecal samples will be used to calculate the coefficient of fat absorption (CFA), which is the clinical correlate of the lipolysis extent. In this way, the prediction model of TODs will be tested in vivo.
Deep learning techniques, specifically deep neural networks (DNNs), provide multilayer stacks of simple networks (eg, perceptrons or modules) with nonlinear functions applied between each layer . The numerous perceptrons and the nonlinearity between them allow researchers to represent complex real data in a way that solves a variety of challenging tasks such as classification and regression. We previously established a deep learning model to estimate LDL-C, including 180 perceptrons , motivated by the model of Martin et al . This yielded accurate results for LDL-C estimation.