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Please note that, as a condition of publication, PLOS' data policy requires that you make available all data used to draw the conclusions outlined in your manuscript. Data must be deposited in an appropriate repository, included within the body of the manuscript, or uploaded as supporting information. This includes all numerical values that were used to generate graphs, histograms etc.. For an example see here: http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1001908#s5.
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The direct application of some killer yeasts as biocontrol agents against mold and bacteria in the agro-food field has been suggested by many authors . In the medical field, a more recent interesting proposal concerns the use of toxin-producing W. anomalus strains in the symbiotic control of arthropod-borne diseases . In particular, a W. anomalus killer strain (WaF17.12) has been isolated from the murine malaria vector Anopheles stephensi. WaF17.12 has been reported to secrete a glycoproteic KT of about 140 kDa, characterized by a strong anti-plasmodial activity against Plasmodium berghei that causes malaria in rodents . This KT inhibited early plasmodial sporogonic stages (ookinetes), causing several morphological and structural alterations, thus severely compromising the parasite survival. Its antimicrobial action has been associated with a β-glucanase activity, responsible for the hydrolysis of β-glucans located in the parasite cell membrane. Additional studies confirmed the ability of KT to damage the parasite also in vivo, thus preventing its development in the mosquito midgut and its possible transmission by the biological vector . Since symbiotic strains of W. anomalus have been isolated in several vector species , further studies will hopefully clarify whether the produced KTs are also capable of interfering with other arthropod-borne pathogens. These observations suggest the potential benefits of this killer yeast-based approach in preventing the transmission of relevant vector-borne diseases.
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Roughly two‐fifths of the growth in employment between 2007 and 2019 was seen in self‐employment – a part of the workforce at which the government has found it especially difficult to precisely target insurance during the COVID crisis. While the share of the population working as employees dipped in the aftermath of the financial crisis, self‐employment rates continued to rise. Cribb and Xu (2020) show that the rise in self‐employment since 2007 was entirely driven by an increase in the ‘solo self‐employed’, who operate on their own without employees.
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78,677 |
Nanomaterials can also be synthesized by means of thermal CVD. The method makes use of a flow reactor (quartz tube or stainless steel tube) placed inside a furnace for the pyrolysis of carbon-containing molecules. As reactants, carbon-rich gases mixed with argon or nitrogen flows are used, but sometimes the reactant can be in the form of liquid that is subsequently vaporized. If a catalyst is involved, the method is called catalytic CVD (CCVD). The catalyst can be either in powder form driven into the reactor together with the feed gases or previously coated or supported on a substrate. It is known that interesting and novel processes can occur under high-pressure conditions. Nevertheless, atmospheric pressure is often adopted for easy management. Compared to the PECVD method, the CCVD method has higher scalability but poorer control in deposition area. It is known that large-scale generation of a material is a critical factor for commercialization. Thus, wide utilization of carbon nanomaterials depends on whether they can be produced in large scale efficiently. As indicated by many studies , the CCVD approach is suitable for large-scale production of carbon nanomaterials.
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95,086 |
TEMP174azF was accessible to Click modification, but efficiency was lower (estimated ∼33% using the absorbance properties of 2) compared to TEMY105azF. It is unknown how local protein microenvironment dictates SPAAC efficiency but dynamics, relative exposure to aqueous solvent and the character of shallow “pockets” have been suggested as possible determinants.23 The molecular model suggests that interaction of the azide moiety with other residues, which may play a role through, for example, altering the relative populations of resonance structures sampled by the azide moiety (R–N <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.0" width="16.000000pt" height="16.000000pt" viewBox="0 0 16.000000 16.000000" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet"><metadata> Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019 </metadata><g transform="translate(1.000000,15.000000) scale(0.005147,-0.005147)" fill="currentColor" stroke="none"><path d="M0 1440 l0 -80 1360 0 1360 0 0 80 0 80 -1360 0 -1360 0 0 -80z M0 960 l0 -80 1360 0 1360 0 0 80 0 80 -1360 0 -1360 0 0 -80z"/></g></svg> N+ N–/R–N––N+ <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.0" width="16.000000pt" height="16.000000pt" viewBox="0 0 16.000000 16.000000" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet"><metadata> Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019 </metadata><g transform="translate(1.000000,15.000000) scale(0.005147,-0.005147)" fill="currentColor" stroke="none"><path d="M0 1760 l0 -80 1360 0 1360 0 0 80 0 80 -1360 0 -1360 0 0 -80z M0 1280 l0 -80 1360 0 1360 0 0 80 0 80 -1360 0 -1360 0 0 -80z M0 800 l0 -80 1360 0 1360 0 0 80 0 80 -1360 0 -1360 0 0 -80z"/></g></svg> N), and/or its accessibility and available orientations to the incoming DBCO. The effect of the SPAAC nnPTM on the ability of TEMP174azF to hydrolyse ampicillin varied depending on the DBCO adduct. Modification with 2 exerted a similar but somewhat smaller inhibitory effect (∼40% drop) as observed for TEMT105azF (Fig. 3 and ESI Table 1†). Modification with 1 resulted in a significant increase in overall activity restoring apparent catalytic efficiency essentially to wild-type levels (Fig. 3). This should be considered as a lower estimate of activation as ∼70% of the protein may be unmodified (vide supra). With both adducts, the most significant contribution was the change in k cat of TEMP174azF compared to unmodified protein (ESI Table 1†); modification with 1 increased k cat by 210% while addition of 2 reduced k cat by almost half.
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90,653 |
Next, we assessed uS11 and eS26 protein levels in WCEs derived from Fap7-depleted and from Tsr2-depleted cells by Western blotting. Fap7-depletion strongly reduced uS11 protein levels in WCEs, but eS26 protein levels were very similar to WT levels (Figure 2H). These data show that Fap7-depletion does not affect eS26 protein stability in vivo, but impairs its targeting to the pre-ribosome (Figure 2F and H). Consistent with previous studies, Tsr2-depleted cells showed strongly reduced levels of eS26 in WCEs (Schütz et al., 2014). uS11 protein levels were very similar to WT levels in these extracts (Figure 2I). These data show that Tsr2-depletion does not influence uS11 protein stability in vivo, but impairs its targeting to the pre-ribosome (Figure 2G and I). Notably, co-overexpression of FAP7 and uS11 in Tsr2-depleted cells that restored eS26 protein levels and co-enrichment with pre-ribosomes (Figure 1D and E) also restored uS11 co-enrichment with Enp1-TAP to nearly WT levels (Figure 1E, compare lanes 1 and 3).
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Both old and young adults showed increased PLI in beta bands after stimulus onset. In addition, only in the beta band, old adults had a significantly higher PLI during audiovisual processing (Figure 4B), which indicates the presence of stronger phase locking while performing tasks. As presented in this study, we avoid effects of motor responses and analyzed only non-target stimuli. Some studies reported the same results in responses to both target and non-target stimulation (Missonnier et al., 2007; Kukleta et al., 2009). One explanation of our results is that the beta band connection increases with higher load during normal aging, which suggests that the amount of processing resources allocated to audiovisual tasks is larger for old than young adults. To achieve audiovisual tasks, old adults need to activate more beta band connection than young adults. Our result is in line with previous studies that old adults exhibit larger responses in the beta frequency range during cognitive processing (Sebastian et al., 2011; Sallard et al., 2016). Hong et al. (2016) used a Go/NoGo task to examine the effects of aging on brain networks, and showed increased phase synchrony in the beta band that was more robust in old adults. Zarahn et al. (2007) showed an increased beta response during the memory load task. In addition, researches have reported that lower cognitive reserve was related to higher functional connectivity (Lopez et al., 2014).
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The publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing data (GSE145669) and microarray data (GSE3807) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). As for single-cell sequencing data quality control, cells that have more than 4,000 or less than 200 unique genes or have more than 25% mitochondrial genes were removed. Only genes expressed in 20 or more cells were used for further analyses. Then ribosome and mitochondria genes were filtered out. The pre-processed data matrix was transformed to a Seurat object using CreateSeuratObject function and normalized and log-transformed, and the log-transformed matrix was used for all downstream analyses in Seurat package (version 4.0.1). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used for dimensionality reduction using highly variable genes. With the use of the first fifteen principal components as input, the data in two dimensions were visualized with Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP). The gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed using the GSVA package (version 1.36.3) and ClusterProfiler package (version 3.16.1), respectively. Gene sets were downloaded from the MSigDB database or collected from document literatures. The differences in pathway enrichment scores between different clusters were calculated using LIMMA package (version 3.44.3). As for microarray data analysis, the expression matrix was downloaded by GEOquery (version 2.10), and gene annotation was performed to transform the probe name to symbol; then expression matrix was normalized with log2. The normalized matrix was analyzed for differential expression, and then heatmap was obtained by pheatmap package (version 1.0.12).
| 4 | 0biomedical
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220,146 |
However, the fusion of MrpH with cholera toxin chimeric fusion of A2 and B subunits was much more effective in reducing the bacterial load (4.5+ for bladder and 3+ for kidney) via the intranasal route in the same model . CBA mice were immunized as described above using the cholera toxin chimera A2 and B subunits as a mucosal adjuvant and challenged identically.
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131,605 |
Overall satisfaction assessment was presented in Table 1. It indicated a great proportion of patients “dissatisfaction was from hospitals” functional values, covering medical diagnosis and treatment's effectiveness, treatment processes' transparency and standardization, accessibility and convenience, accurate prices, and reasonable charging. Emotional values also played an important role in patients' perception, including sound communication and attitudes from doctors/nurses, comfortable environment, and well facilitates. Furthermore, hospital reputation and medical skills were significant as well in medical treatment seeking, was regarded as social values.
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378,530 |
Direct correlations were found between the AD of the posterior frontal pvNAWM and the mid posterior CC with arterial Pi and vWMH, and inverse correlations were found between tABF, stVBF, and sssVBF, while the AD of the posterior frontal pvNAWM and right middle CB had a direct correlation with aqCSF flow. This finding confirms the previously established conditions of blood flow and CSF flow imbalance in the development of CI in patients with CSVD. The role of this mechanism in the development of axonal degeneration can be confirmed by the relationship between the AD of the selected ROIs and vLV and sAq, rather than the volume of the whole brain, its white mattet, and the normalized WM/TBV coefficients. The AD elevation in the posterior frontal pvNAWM and mid posterior CC had a direct correlation with the volume of gray matter and its normalized GM/TBV coefficient which, according to the supposed mechanisms, may also be due to neuronal death caused by an increase in CSF pressure and cortical edema, as a result of the gray matter’s sensitivity . These suppositions are indirectly supported by the identified relationship between the AD of all three selected ROIs and the CSF volume and echo the results of studies on the special role of disturbances in CSF circulation in the development of CI and degeneration . These results match the conclusions of other studies on the significance of damage to the CC and the periventricular white matter by mechanisms other than deep white matter disease , as well as the links between periventricular WMH and degenerative processes, such as increased amyloid and severe neurofibrillary tangles .
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Catalonia is located on the north-eastern extremity of the Iberian Peninsula; it consists of 4 provinces and 42 counties. The Autonomous Community can count on 47 official veterinarians working on bTB at the LVS and 113 specialised private veterinarians supporting the routine screening tests for bTB in about 1,900 beef herds, 700 dairy herds, and a few bullfighting herds. Since 2008, the bTB herd prevalence at regional level remained lower than 1%, decreasing to 0.04% in 2013, but in 2015 bTB herd prevalence slightly increased to 0.32% (34).
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140,577 |
Slides containing two 20 μm thick organoid sections were dehydrated with increasing amounts of ethanol from 70 to 100% and left in 100% ethanol for 1 h at room temperature. Barriers were drawn around sections using a hydrophobic pap pen, then sections were permeabilized in Triton X-100 in PBS for 15 min at room temperature. Sections were hybridized with probes in hybridization buffer (10% formamide, 6× SSC), with 100 μM probes and 200 μM RCA primer for 1 h at 37°C.
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In conclusion, our findings identify that DEX can suppress the proliferation and facilitate apoptosis of HCC cells via upregulating miR-130a and inhibiting EGR1 expression, thus offering a new target for the treatment of HCC. However, the trial size in the designed experiment was relatively small, therefore, the collected results need further verification in a larger cohort. In the future study, the relative pathways and downstream pathways involved in miR-130a/EGR1 axis regulating HCC shall be extensively explored. Starting from other studies which have been demonstrated that EGR1 suppresses the PI3K/AKT pathway, in the present study the hypothesis is that the axis DEX/miR-130a/EGR1 may also regulate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, participating in the proliferation and apoptosis of HCC cells. The hypothesis needs further studies in the future.
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363,314 |
In the previous sections, we focused on thermal radiation energy harvesting systems that obey Lorentz reciprocity55,56. Lorentz reciprocity applies to any material that is described by symmetric permittivity and permeability tensors and in practice applies to most materials typically considered in thermal radiation. One important consequence of Lorentz reciprocity is Kirchhoff’s law, which states that the angular spectral absorptivity and emissivity must be equal to each other57. Therefore, in a reciprocal solar energy harvesting system, a good solar absorber is also a good thermal emitter in the same spectral and angular range, thus inevitably re-emitting a part of the absorbed energy to the sun and reducing its efficiency. It is known that breaking Lorentz reciprocity can lead to theoretical efficiencies exceeding the efficiency of reciprocal systems49. For positive illumination, the ultimate limit for solar energy harvesting, known as the Landsberg limit49, corresponds to a maximum efficiency of 93.3%. The proposed physical realization designed to reach this Landsberg limit58,59 (Fig. 4a) consists of a sequence of intermediate absorbers whose temperatures gradually change from the sun temperature Ts = 6000 K to the heat sink temperature Tc = 300 K. Carnot engines operate between each absorber and the heat sink to extract work. Unlike the reciprocal blackbody system where the emission from the absorber is directly sent back to the sun, here, the emission from each absorber is rerouted to the next adjacent absorber at a lower temperature with the use of a circulator58,59. The last absorber at the lowest temperature emits back to the sun. Recently, a Landsberg setup working under negative illumination conditions was also proposed to perform energy harvesting from outer space35 (Fig. 4b). The maximum power extracted in such a system is 153.1 Wm-2. Similar to the previous sections, here, we present four Landsberg systems to simultaneously utilize the sun and outer space and compare the performance with the existing limits.Fig. 4Landsberg limit for simultaneous energy harvesting.a Schematic of a standard setup implemented to reach the Landsberg limit under positive illumination conditions. The larger open circles represent circulators that allow reciprocity breaking to enable unidirectionality of the radiative heat flow. In the limit of an infinite number of circulators, these engines reach the Landsberg limits. b Schematic of a setup implemented to reach the Landsberg limit under negative illumination conditions. c Schematic of a Landsberg limit system combined with radiative cooling. The cell is thermally insulated from the ambient environment, and the temperature is determined by the radiative heat exchange, with an equilibrium temperature of 185 K. d Schematic used to compute the maximum power of the system in c. e Schematic of a Landsberg limit system working under negative illumination conditions combined with solar heating. The cell is thermally insulated from the ambient environment, and the temperature is determined by the radiative heat exchange, with an equilibrium temperature of 382 K. f Schematic used to compute the maximum power of the system in e. g Schematic of a Landsberg limit system combining both positive and negative illumination. The cell is in good thermal contact with the ambient environment at 300 K. h Schematic of a Landsberg limit system combining both positive and negative illumination. The cell is thermally insulated from the ambient environment, and the temperature is determined by the radiative heat exchange, with an equilibrium temperature of 168 K
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91,785 |
Regarding the applications of network coding in WSNs, Wang et al. applied partial network coding for data collection in WSNs operating in harsh environments. Rout and Ghosh proposed a network coding based communication algorithm to improve the WSN lifetime. Eritmen and Keskinoz proposed a signature selection and relay power allocation method based on network coding that significantly improves the throughput of WSNs that operate over non-orthogonal channels. Ayday et al. proposed a network coding based protocol called Location-Aware Network-Coding Security (LANCS) that provides security services such as data confidentiality, authenticity, and availability in WSNs.
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397,158 |
Homologous structure searches for LmChiA and LmChiB catalytic domains were performed using the BLASTP search tool against the PDB database to identify the template sequences which shared the highest sequence identity. The templates with over 30% sequence identity to target proteins were selected for model building to predict a structural model with an accuracy equivalent to a crystallographic structure (Xiang, 2006). The 3D-models were generated by automated protein homology-based molecular modeling using SWISS-MODEL. The loop structures of templates were applied to target amino acid sequences for loop modeling and the side chains were then computed and generated using a backbone-dependent rotamer library (Shapovalov2011). The structural model refinement and energy minimization were performed using WinCoot program version 0.8.6 (Emsley et al., 2010). The 3D-models were visualized in PyMOL 2.0 and further validated using the PROCHECK program (Laskowski et al., 1993) and a Qualitative Model Energy ANalysis (QMEAN) server (Benkert et al., 2007).
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The accuracy of navigation-guided pedicle screw placement techniques remains controversial. Bledsoe et al. reported a 100% rate of accuracy in a series of 150 pedicle screws in 2009 using fluoroscopy- and CT-guided navigation techniques . Eck et al. reported a high rate of medial (10%) and lateral (56.7%) breaches in the thoracic spine using CT-navigated technique in 2013 . In a series published by Ryang, there was a rate of correctly placed thoracic screws of 75.5% in a fluoroscopy-navigated series . Miekisiak et al. found an accuracy of 79% in free-hand administered pedicle screws in a series leading to 2 revisions in 85 cases . Kleck et al. published an accuracy of 94% in a CT-based navigation series using the O-arm CT-guided navigation technique distributed by Medtronic . Kraus et al. saw an accuracy of 90.3% (< 2 mm breaching) in fluoroscopy navigation-guided pedicle screws compared to 94.6% in the standard technique pedicle screws in the thoracic and lumbar spine. They, therefore, postulated that computer-aided surgery does not improve the accuracy of dorsal pedicle screw placement .
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| 2Review
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1 mg of standard plumbagin was solubilized in 1 ml methanol. This solution was diluted with water (final concentration 500 ng/ml). 1 mg of standard betulinic acid was solubilized in 1 ml methanol and the solution was diluted 1:100 with water (final concentration 10 μg/ml). 1 mg aliquots of purified 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-coumarin, canaliculatin or ismailin were dissolved in 1 ml methanol and the solutions were further diluted 1:10 with water (100 μg/ml).
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216,688 |
After the calculation of likelihood ratios, a Tippett plot was used to evaluate the performance of the likelihood ratios. Figure 4 shows the Tippett plot for three bullet marks. A measure for the discriminating power in the Tippett plots is the vertical separation of the true-Hd and true-Hp curves at a given value on the log10 (LR) axis. The more separated the curves were at a given log10 (LR) value, the higher was the discriminating power at that value . Figure 4 clearly shows that the LEA had better discriminating power than the slippage mark and GEA.
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325,198 |
GC muscle was frozen immediately after isolation in isopentane cooled with liquid nitrogen. GC muscle was cryosectioned at a thickness of 10 µm and affixed to Tissue Path Superfrost Plus Gold microscope slides (Fisher Scientific). Sections were fixed in 4% formaldehyde in PBS and then permeabilized in 0.15% Triton-X100 (Fisher Scientific) in PBS. Antibodies to GLUT4 (#MA5-17176, 1:500, Thermo Fisher Scientific) and dystrophin (#ab15277, 1:400, Abcam) were applied simultaneously to the sections for 2 h at RT. After incubation with primary antibodies, sections were washed 3 times in PBS for 5 min each time. Secondary antibodies were applied to the sections for 45 min at RT at a dilution of 1:500. For GLUT4 we used goat anti-mouse Alexa Fluor 488 (Thermo Fisher Scientific), and for dystrophin we used goat anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 555 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) secondary antibodies. Sections were then washed 3 times in PBS for 5 min each time and mounted in ProLong Glass Antifade Mountant (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Images (n > 10 per mouse) were taken on the Zeiss LSM 880 inverted confocal microscope (Carl Zeiss, Inc.). All the images were captured with the same laser intensities. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient for quantitating colocalization of GLUT4 and dystrophin was calculated for each image using Zen Black software (Carl Zeiss, Inc.).
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Unless noted otherwise, five-point rating scales ranging from 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree were used in this study. The items from the different scales used in the final model of this study are listed in Appendix B in Supplementary Material. Table 1 presents internal consistency coefficients for the measures for which they are applicable. All scales had adequate reliabilities.
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112,435 |
The LaPerm breed is characterized by its curly coat texture and comes in both longhair and shorthair varieties20. However, only the curly coat texture is consistently selected in the breed while the longhair variant is not under selection. LaPerm breed displayed low LD (100 Kb) and high polymorphism (7.5% monomorphic SNPs). Thirty-two cases (longhair) and 22 controls (shorthair) of the LaPerm breed were selected to perform a GWAS for the longhair trait. (Table 2, Supplementary Table 5). The most common causative variant for longhair is in fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF5)58,59, which is located on chromosome B1 (at position 140,077,554 of the 6.2 genome assembly)46. The FGF5 causative variant was the most significantly associated with the hair length phenotype (raw Pvalue of 8.2e−10), in addition to several other adjacent SNPs (Fig. 5b and Supplementary Figure 4b). For the closest SNP to the causative variant within FGF5 to have similar association power, the number of samples would need to be marginally increased from 54 to 66 cats.
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356,588 |
The primary cultured ADSCs adhered to the plate proliferate rapidly in vitro. ADSCs can be identified by the combination of stem cell-specific surface markers. ADSCs can express several detectable cell-specific proteins and CD markers, such as the positive protein markers, including CD29, CD44, CD73,CD90, CD105, and CD166, and lack the expression of the hematopoietic markers CD45 and CD34 . Flow cytometry analysis indicated that the primary cultured ADSCs in our study were negative for hematopoietic marker CD45 and were strongly positive for MSC-related markers CD90 and CD105 (Figures 1(a)–1(d)), which confirmed the stem cell origin of ADSCs. ADSCs appeared to be centrally spirally distributed and are mostly seen in a long fusiform shape with single nuclei (Figure 1(e)). Canine ADSCs were cultured continuously for 21 days, and ADSC sheets were obtained by reducing the temperature method to 25°C for 30 min (Figure 1(f)). Under inverted phase contrast microscopy, the cells intermingled with each other closely and surrounded by abundant ECM (Figure 1(g)).
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In the present study, only existing animal data30 and literature data33–36,47,56 were used. In particular, the motion analysis performed by Andrada et al.30 was approved by the German Animal Welfare of the states of Thuringia and Lower Saxony (Registration No. TLV Az. 22-2684-04-02-012/14, LAVES 33.9-42502-04-14/1518), and carried out in strict accordance with their guidelines.
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The manuscript must describe a technically sound piece of scientific research with data that supports the conclusions. Experiments must have been conducted rigorously, with appropriate controls, replication, and sample sizes. The conclusions must be drawn appropriately based on the data presented.
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50,414 |
All health professionals perceived the model as sustainable and mentioned it could be successfully trialled in other rural and remote communities. One health professional acknowledged that the model needed to be flexible and adapt to local needs and integrate with other health services to continue to be locally appropriate. All patients found the model acceptable and intended to return to the screening service, except for one interviewee who was dissatisfied with the ‘flash of the camera.’ I think it is a great model and it should be emulated elsewhere around Australia. [Health professional] I think it is a sustainable model… some flexibility in the ability of the service to grow closer to what’s been delivered locally… one of the problems you have particularly with any federally delivered service…they have such rigid rules around delivery of service that they run that they actually become counterintuitive, counterproductive and ineffective at the local level because they don’t allow the local tweaking that is necessary. [Health professional]
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270,956 |
Our observation in the field notes also recorded the following regarding the environment of an EOL ward while visiting a care recipient: While feeding her mother, our participant looked across the room at an old lady who was breathing heavily, with no one beside her. The daughter then turned around and looked at the researcher and said, “She’s going to die soon! Isn’t it depressing to see all these people around?”(Case 9)
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201,872 |
The human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) purchased from ATCC were cultured with MEM medium containing 2 mM GlutaMAX (Gibco, USA) and 10% FBS (Gibco). The medium was centrifuged at 400 g (10 min), and 2000 g (10 min) sequentially. The cell debris in the supernatants was filter with 0.22 µm filter membrane. The supernatants were centrifuged at 15,000 g (1 h). The pelleted EVs were suspended with PBS.
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Although T. whipplei colonization is often asymptomatic and especially common in adults, the carriers can transmit the microorganism to healthy people. Diarrhea is one of the main manifestations of T. whipplei infection in humans. Gastroenteritis occurs in both classic and acute forms of Whipple's disease . T. whipplei is known as a causative agent of diarrhea in children in all developed and developing countries. Therefore, investigation of acute diarrhea associated with T. whipplei in Iran is one of the health priorities that physicians and health officials should be aware of the role of this bacterium in various syndromes, especially acute diarrhea in Iranian children. In the present cross-sectional study, 9.23% of collected stool samples of children with acute diarrhea referred to three hospitals in Tehran city (in Iran) during 2018 were positive for T. whipplei using the qPCR method. As far as we know, except for a recently reported study, there have not been any studies on T. whipplei in Iran so far. In that study, 10% of immunocompromised children in a province (Qom) in Iran had T. whipplei DNA (using qPCR) in their stool samples . Since T. whipplei is a hard-growing bacterium, bacterial culture requires a long incubation time that is not available in many laboratories. Therefore, molecular methods are a preferred method to identify T. whipplei infection in patients [14, 15]. For instance, qPCR is a beneficial method for first-line screening of T. whipplei in stool specimens .
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a ROC curves of HRMRI findings and radiomic signature to detect the presence of RC PNI in training (left) and validation cohorts (right). b Calibration of the radiomic nomogram in training (left) and validation cohorts (right). The solid line represents the reference line with the observed value. The dotted line represents the performance of the hybrid nomogram, while the solid line is corrected for any bias in the hybrid nomogram. c DCA was performed to assess the clinical usefulness of the combined model in predicting PNI. The net benefit is measured by the y-axis. The red curves represent the combined model with Rad-score. The green lines represent the model without Rad-score. The blue curves represent all patients with PNI. The black lines represent patients without PNI. It indicated that using nomogram to predict PNI gains more benefit when the threshold probability from 0.05–0.5 and 0.6–0.75 for a doctor or a patient than “treat all” or “treat none”
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322,700 |
In our study, Campylobacter spp. were rarely found in roe deer feces. This is consistent with previous studies that suggest that wild cervids, and in particular roe deer, are of limited importance as Campylobacter reservoirs (28, 62–64). Although several authors have isolated Campylobacter spp. from wild deer, the number of studies that include their resistance profiles is still very limited. Carbonero et al. (65) reported more than 60% of the isolates from roe deer resistant to at least one antimicrobial substance, including streptomycin, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin. In our study, the two Campylobacter jejuni submitted to the BfR were susceptible to all tested substances.
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393,624 |
The position and orientation of αCTDs in the rrnBP1 RPc structure are distinct from those of αCTDs in the RNAP complex with the rpsTP2 promoter, lacking the UP element (PDB: 6PSQ)14, which binds DNA just upstream of the σ domain 4 (σ4) bound at the −35 element (Supplementary Fig. 5b). This indicates that the mode of αCTDs interactions with upstream DNA can be significantly different in various promoters depending on the presence of the UP element.
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233,136 |
Among the facilities responding to the audit, 54.3% (n = 51) were identified as reference hospitals available to receive patients with COVID-19 requiring psychiatric care, and 79.8% (n = 75) reported they had opened a unit intended to care for psychiatric patients with this disease. Among these, 86.8% (n = 66) reported they had developed and formalised a written protocol for the operation of this unit. Moreover, 36.2% (n = 34) had formalised a list of drugs at special risk with COVID-19.
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10,731 |
There is an observable effect of reducing protein MW and Gly content on the OP values in WPI-based cast films (Figure 3). However, the effect is less distinctive as the effect of reducing the MW and Gly content on WVTR values. The results published by Schmid et al. and Sothornovit and Krochta , who analyzed the impact of h-WPI content at an equal amount of plasticizer on OP indicate that there are little or no effects of hydrolysed WPI content on OP values. Hence, the observed results in the present study can rather be traced back to the reduced Gly content and the reduced EMC values, rather than on the protein MW reduction. In addition to that, several publications have shown that the WPI composition and structure have no significant effect on film permeability . However, the approach of this work has to be differentiated from those publications, since in this study, hydrolysed and non-hydrolysed WPI were mixed in contrast to the utilization of hydrolysed WPI with different degrees of hydrolysis (DH). Additionally, the Gly content was decreased at the same time as h-WPI content was increased or the protein MW decreased, respectively. Nevertheless, the results of this study confirm that it is possible to take advantage of reducing the Gly content, leading to higher barrier values, while the film flexibility can be maintained, due to the reduction of protein MW. The mechanical properties will be discussed below.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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62,164 |
The DPQ (Spanish version by Díaz-Morales et al. ) is a scale that focuses on putting off decisions (e.g., “I don’t make decisions unless I really have to”) with 5 items in a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 = “not true for me” to 5 = “true for me”. Both the original English and the adapted Spanish versions have shown good psychometric properties when applied to adult population. A previous study has shown that the correlation between IPS and DPQ reaches a value of .69.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
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96,658 |
Several papers demonstrated that Si(OH)4 (hereafter referred to as Si for simplicity) acts as a “tonic” by priming plants, i.e., by preparing the defense responses which are then fully deployed at the onset of the stress, as will be discussed in detail in the next sections. The effects of Si under normal conditions are indeed latent, since, for the majority of the studies available, no major modifications, e.g., in gene expression, are observed. Under control conditions Si probably activates the metabolic status of the plant, by making it more efficient in responding to exogenous stimuli.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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335,151 |
Food supplements, which are often termed functional foods, have been used to alter, modify, and reinstate pre-existing intestinal microbiota (67). Supplementation of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics (68–74), as well as PUFA (58, 69, 75–77) during pregnancy and breastfeeding, may reduce eczema in infants. This is further supported by preclinical studies, which indicated that supplementing the maternal diet with specific pre- or probiotics affects milk composition (78) and that supplementing non-digestible oligosaccharides diminished allergic disease in offspring (79–81). This may, in part, be linked to the production of SCFA by the intestinal microbiota (82–86). Even though maternal diet during pregnancy and breastfeeding can modulate the prevalence of allergy in the offspring, the potential role of breastfeeding in allergy prevention is still under discussion, as it seems to be linked to variations in breast milk composition rather than to breastfeeding per se (53, 87).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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328,389 |
In the attempt to classify the changes in gene ontology, which could suggest characteristic features of HDNs in the progression from MGUS through MM, we identified statistically significant changes in the hallmark gene sets by bioinformatic analysis using Metascape tools (ANOVA p < 0.05; fold difference ±1.5, Fig. 1A). The circos plot depicted in Fig. 1B shows that the total number of genes whose expression was altered in the MGUS set (red) was very distinct from MM setting (blue) when compared to normal.Figure 1Functional enrichment analysis of high-density neutrophils isolated from multiple myeloma and MGUS patients differ from the control cells at gene level. (A) The Metascape suite of tools (http://metscape.org) was used to analyze gene targets differentially expressed in MGUS, MM and healthy HDNs. The color of heatmap depicts statistical enriched terms across input lists of genes significantly enriched (±1.5 fold, p < 0.05) in the comparison of MGUS or MM versus healthy HDNs, white cells: lack of enrichment. (B) Circos plot to decipher the overlap between gene lists: where purple curves link identical genes, while blue curves link genes that belong to the same enriched ontology term. In the inner circle each arc represents a gene list, where each gene has a spot on the arc. On the outside, each arc represents the identity of each gene list (MGUS = Red, MM = Blue). (C) Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of MM- versus healthy HDNs. Normalized enrichments score (NES) and false discovery rate (FDR) are shown per each gene set analyzed. The green curves show the enrichment score and reflects the degree to which each gene (black vertical lines) is represented at the bottom of the ranked gene list. The heat map indicates the relative abundance (red to blue) of the genes specifically enriched in MM-HDNs as compared with the control cells. (D) The top ten gene sets enriched in MM-HDNs cells as compared with the control cells are shown (FDR < 5%). (E) GSEA of MM- versus MGUS HDNs with NES and FDR are shown per each gene set analyzed. (F) The top ten gene sets enriched in MM-HDNs cells as compared with the MGUS-HDNs are shown (FDR < 5%). (G) For the list of genes differentially expressed in MGUS and healthy HDNs, protein-protein interaction enrichment analysis has been carried out with the following databases: BioGrid8, InWeb_IM9, OmniPath and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, containing the subset of proteins that form physical interactions with at least one other member in the list, was analyzed. To assign meanings to the network component, GO enrichment analysis was applied to each MCODE component, separated out and aligned radially around the full interactome, identified by a unique color. (H) For the list of genes differentially expressed in MM and healthy HDNs, PPI network is shown. Each MCODE component in the merged network was assigned a unique color and has been separated out and aligned radially around the full interactome.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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279,139 |
The activity of soil microorganisms was assessed on the basis of soil dehydrogenase activity (DHA)26,27. Briefly, the soil was mixed with CaCO3, then shaken and incubated at 37 °C with 3% 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) and distilled water (20 h in the dark). Next, triphenyl formazan (TPF) was extracted from the sample with ethyl alcohol. The extract was filtered and the absorbance of TPF at 485 nm was measured (RayLeigh spectrophotometer). DHA was as expressed as μg TPF/g d.w.·h.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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82,620 |
The de novo assembly and repair of PSII involve many common steps that are mediated by more than 40 proteins expressed stably or transiently . THYLAKOID FORMATION1/NON-YELLOW COLORING4 (THF1/NYC4), the factor required for organizing mature thylakoids , was suggested to regulate the dynamics of PSII-LHCII supercomplexes during high-light stress [12, 13]. Like AtCYO1/SCO2 , THF1 interacts with LHCB and is hypothesized to mediate the transport of LHCB in vesicles . However, investigation of the potentially divergent roles of AtCYO1 has been limited, owing to the lethality of atcyo1 to chloroplasts upon illumination. We thus investigated the effect of AtCYO1 on senescence, in which THF1/NYC4 has been shown to affect the rate of chlorophyll degradation [13, 16]. Arabidopsis rosette leaves were modified to ectopically overexpress AtCYO1 and subjected to dark incubation to stimulate senescence. We demonstrate how AtCYO1 impacts the stability of the photosynthetic apparatus.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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262,550 |
Notwithstanding its originality, the bricolage model of problem-solving exhibits some notable convergences with newer developments in evolutionary thinking, highlighting path dependencies and developmental constraints (e.g. Gould and Lewontin 1979; Gould 2002; Szathmáry 2006) or advocating the image of rugged, multi-dimensional fitness landscapes (Wright 1931; Pigliucci 2008; Will et al. 2019). In the latter view, organisms regularly fail to find the optimal peaks of a given fitness landscape—e.g. due to pervasive constraints of their phylogenetic, ecological and material inheritance as well as of their adaptive material environments—and more often than not end up inhabiting sub-optimal locations. This perspective on long-term material culture change is supported by many classic studies on the history and evolution of human technology (cf. e.g. Basalla 1988; Rogers 1995; Arthur 2009): Long-term trajectories of technological change are often characterised by largely continuous improvement and synthesis upon already existing objects, ideas and solutions, rather than revolutionary leaps forward made possible by some genius engineering inventors.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
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175,079 |
The levels of psychological distress among disadvantaged social grades and women, and the persistence of poor mental health among younger smokers is concerning because the prevalence of mental illness 2016/17 was already greater in these demographics than in previous years (Slee et al., xxxx). Mental health practitioners should continue to monitor the smoking status of their patients, and offer referral to local authority stop smoking services where they can receive effective support for smoking cessation (Gilbody et al., 2019). The majority of delivery of smoking cessation support has moved to telephone or online during the pandemic, and effective sources of digital support for smoking cessation should also be promoted (Taylor et al., 2017, Whittaker et al., 2019). Specific attention should be considered for smokers aged 65 + at this time, who are generally more dependent on cigarettes (Hall et al., 2008) and from our analyses appear to have greater psychological distress than previous years. Advice on effective harm reduction alternatives such as electronic cigarettes should also be considered (Hartmann_Boyce et al., 2020, Hickling et al., 2019) alongside clear public health messaging about the immediate health benefits of smoking cessation.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
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329,561 |
The animal study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC. Written informed consent was obtained from the owners for the participation of their animals in this study.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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215,121 |
EGD showed a reddish depressed lesion in the lower gastric body. Small reddish spots were also observed in surrounding mucosa of the main lesion (Fig. 1(A)). There was no endoscopic atrophy in the entire stomach and the helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) serum test was negative, suggesting that this patient has no previous history of H. pylori infection. The endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) showed low echoic shadow in the lamina propria mucosae (Fig. 1(B)). Infiltration of small lymphocytes was shown in the gastric tissues obtained by the endoscopic biopsy (Fig. 1(C)). The fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using the biopsy sample confirmed the presence of genetic translocation of API2-MALT1 (Fig. 1(D)). The lesion was considered as API2-MALT1 positive MALT lymphoma.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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249,875 |
Cumulative incidence plots for acute treatment-related complications stratified by GLP-1 level at day 0 (≤10 pmol/L). (A) Acute GvHD, (B) Steroid-dependent or steroid-refractory acute GvHD, (C) Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) diagnosed according to the modified Seattle criteria. (D) SOS diagnosed according to the pediatric EBMT criteria, severity grade III-IV. P-values by Gray’s test.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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207,847 |
Aberrant activation of PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK pathways is related to the initiation and progression of different types of cancer, including PCa . The treatment with either HT or its derivatives clearly decreased the phosphorylation of ERK1 (T202/Y204) and ERK2 (Y185/Y187) in 22Rv1 cells. Similarly, the phosphorylation of other members of the same pathway, such as MKK3 (S189) and MKK6 (S207), as well as AKT (S473), was also reduced. These phosphorylation inhibitions were consistent after the treatment with the three compounds and constituted the center of the clustered pathway (Figure 5c). A previous study by Kharaziha et al. reported that 22Rv1 cells exhibit constitutive activation of ERK1/2 and that its inhibition with the multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib induced cell death via activation of the pro-apoptotic protein Bad . Likewise, the prooxidant agent 1-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-6-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-4 (5H)-one (DPMPP) exerted a cytotoxic effect in 22Rv1 cells by causing cell cycle arrest in S phase and apoptosis accompanied with an increase in the reactive oxygen species production and with an inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/ERK phosphorylation .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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119,837 |
Forensic samples are known for the low amount of DNA available, as one cell only contains about 6 pg of DNA . Therefore, it is necessary to perform an amplification reaction to increase the amount of DNA, such that detection and further analysis (e.g., STR profiling) can take place. In order to analyze samples directly at the crime scene, a fast and reliable amplification technique is required. PCR is widely used for STR profiling of DNA samples. Most of the microfluidic devices described in this section are solely PCR chips. Confirmation of the functionality of the chip is carried out by non-specific detection by the use of a fluorescent intercalating dye to evidence DNA amplification or by off-chip gel electrophoresis to determine the amplicon length. Implementation of STR-profiling is still a challenge and is only done by a few research groups and commercial companies, which will be discussed in Section 8. Nowadays, also other methods, such as isothermal amplification techniques, are forthcoming.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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143,178 |
Structure of Aca2. (A) Architecture of the acrIF8–aca2 locus from P. carotovorum phage ZF40 (not to scale). Promoter elements (−10 and −35 regions), inverted repeats (IR1 and IR2), transcription start site (arrow) and ribosome-binding sites (RBS) are indicated. Aca2 binding to IR1 and repressing transcription is shown in red. (B) Elution volume of untagged Aca2 during size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) shows it is a dimer in solution. (C) SDS-PAGE of pre-induction (Pre), post-induction (Post), and cleaved, purified Aca2 protein (Final). (D) Cartoon overview of the Aca2 dimer, with one protomer shown as cyan (NTD) and teal (CTD), and the other protomer shown as pink (NTD) and red (CTD). Two orthogonal views are shown, rotated by 90°. NTD HTH – N-Terminal Domain Helix-Turn-Helix. CTD – C-Terminal Domain. (E) Boxed region of (D), containing helix α1 as sticks, shown with a 2Fo-Fc electron density map contoured to 2σ. (F) Single protomer of Aca2 with secondary structures and domains labelled. (G) Topology of the Aca2 dimer. (H) Close-up top view of the Aca2 dimer, rotated down by 90° from (D, left panel) showing salt bridges between protomers. Distances shown are in angstroms.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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140,695 |
Characterization of ESC‐derived cardiomyocytes. a) Schematic of the cardiomyocyte differentiation protocol from mouse ESCs. b,c) Electrophysiology analysis of the differentiated cardiomyocytes. d) Immunofluorescence of cTnT, PLN, α‐Actinin, and MLC2v showed the sarcomeric striations of cardiomyocyte markers. Scale bars, 20 µm. e) RT‐PCR analysis of cardiac marker gene expression in ESCs and ESC‐CMs. f) Flow cytometry provided a quantitative method to evaluate the relative yield and purity of cardiomyocytes by measuring the number of cTnT‐positive cells. g) Q‐PCR analysis of pluripotency markers (Oct4 and Nanog) and cardiomyocyte markers (Actc1 and cTnI) from day 0 to day 14 of cardiomyocyte differentiation.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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338,872 |
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of essential oils and hydroethanolic dry extracts were determined using microdilution assay . At first, preparation of stock solution of essential oils and extracts were prepared. Essential oils were dissolve in sterile Müller-Hinton Broth (MHB) containing DMSO (40 µL) with 2% of Tween 80, and the final stock solutions were 64 mg × mL−1 Extracts were dissolved directly in sterile MHB and the final stock solutions were 64 mg × mL−1.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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352,547 |
Thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and the neonatal period is associated with fetal neuronal retardation and overall fetal growth restriction. During gestation, the fetus is largely dependent on the maternal TH supply until the fetal hypothyroid-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis starts developing in the third trimester.12 Thus hypothyroidism is a common occurrence in preterm infants, and more than 50% of the low–birth weight preterm infants have some type of thyroid dysfunction.13 Many preterm infants can also develop retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). ROP is a vasoproliferative disease of the developing retina and is a major cause of blindness in premature babies. Although the incidence of ROP is approximately 60%, the rates can vary depending on the birth and survival rates of premature infants in different countries, their birth weight, and gestational age.14,15
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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177,941 |
There were a limited number of measurements available at present, and the maximum estimated M tors and F res values were determined for two subjects per group (Figure 5). All sports activities were performed by more active patients (Figure 1) who had undergone a transgluteal THA approach, except golf (anterolateral) and cross-country skiing (dorsal).
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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117,380 |
A DNA fragment containing the hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene and the NOS terminator was obtained by XbaI restriction from plasmid pWRG1515 and isolated. This fragment was cloned in the unique Xba I site of plasmid pBGWFS7 carrying the 3XM‐ EZ2 bidirectional enhancer, verifying that it had been cloned in the correct orientation.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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198,223 |
As shown in Supplementary Table S3, in the odour condition on the first awakening (O1) significantly more people correctly detected vanillin (n = 19, 63.3%) than thioglycolic acid (n = 9, 32.1%). On the second awakening (O2), the smell of vanillin was also more readily perceptible than that of the thioglycolic acid: 13 (44.8%) vs. 5 (17.9%) reports, respectively. Importantly, thioglycolic acid was rated as significantly less pleasant than vanillin on both occasions (moderate effect size), while their intensity and familiarity ratings did not differ.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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349,837 |
Further analysis to identify patterns within the expression of the RNAseq data were performed using several software packages. Venn diagrams were produced using Venny 2.11 (Oliveros, 2007). Statistical analysis of enrichment of genes was performed using FungiFun 22 (Priebe et al., 2011, 2014). Search settings in this case were adjusted to identify Gene Ontology terms under the category of Biological Process, with an FDR of <0.01.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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26,570 |
To further investigate the amino acid sequence homology of the eight freesia proteins to other known DFRs and CCRs, as well as other NADPH-dependent reductases such as LAR, ANR, and FNR, a phylogenetic tree was generated by the neighbor-joining method, and the results showed that DFRs from monocots and eudicots were clearly classified into different branches (Figure 2B), DFR-like proteins, including FhDFR1, FhDFR2, and FhDFR3, clustered within a subgroup containing proteins from monocot plant species and were most similar to Iris × hollandica DFR (Katsumoto et al., 2007), indicating that these three DFR-like proteins might participate in the catalyzing of the NADPH-dependent reduction of 2R, 3R-trans-dihydroflavonols to leucoanthocyanidins in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. Furthermore, other five proteins from F. hybrida clustered independently outside the core DFR branch and fell into a subclade containing CCRs in other species, implying that they might be members of NADPH dependent CCR family.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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175,101 |
How these individual climate shifts correspond to the multivariate emergence of novel and disappearing climates is visualized in Fig. 5 (for the northern hemisphere) and Fig. 6 (for the southern hemisphere). In the northern hemisphere, the present-day undersaturated and low pH conditions in the Arctic are projected to become more common at temperate latitudes under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5; note that for temperate latitudes these conditions are unlikely to be globally novel because they are already common in the Arctic (Fig. 5 middle and right columns, note overlap in 2000 and 2100 envelopes at low SST). In the southern hemisphere under RCP 8.5 projections, there is almost no overlap between current and projected climate envelopes across all latitudes (Fig. 6 right column). While these figures are useful for comparing climate envelopes, note that they do not give much insight into the degree of global novelty for a specific location, because that degree depends on the amount of historical ICV at that location.Figure 5Shifts in climate envelopes for the northern hemisphere. We compared the distribution of sea surface climate normals between different centuries in the northern hemisphere. Aragonite saturation state (top row) or pH (bottom row) are plotted against sea surface temperature (SST). For specific comparisons see the titles in each panel. When aragonite saturation state falls below 1.0 (horizontal dotted line), the calcium carbonate polymorph that some marine animals use to make their shells will dissolve into seawater.Figure 6Shifts in climate envelopes for the southern hemisphere. We compared the distribution of sea surface climate normals between different centuries in the southern hemisphere. Sea surface temperature (SST) is plotted against aragonite saturation state (top row) or pH (bottom row). For specific comparisons see the titles in each panel. When aragonite saturation state falls below 1.0 (horizontal dotted line), the calcium carbonate polymorph that some marine animals use to make their shells will dissolve into seawater.
| 1 | 2other
| 0Study
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20,063 |
S. pyogenes isolates were cultivated on Columbia agar base supplemented with 5% sheep blood and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. DNA was extracted using a Qiagen Mini kit. GAS emm12 isolates were sequenced using Illumina Hiseq2000. Paired-end libraries with 500-bp insertions were generated, and the read lengths were 90 bp. For each isolate, 450 Mb of high-quality raw data was generated. Publicly available genome data were obtained from GenBank or the European Nucleotide Short Read Archive and shredded to an estimated 75 × coverage of paired-end 100 bp reads using SAMtools wgsim for inclusion in phylogenetic comparisons.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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228,445 |
In the majority of patients, myocarditis presents concurrently with SARS-CoV-2–related respiratory symptoms. Nevertheless, delayed presentation of cardiac complications occurring weeks after initial symptomatic COVID-19 can also occur (43–45). Myocarditis documented by CMR may present as a postacute sequela of SARS-CoV-2 infection in up to 19% of individuals (46), and isolated myocarditis without concomitant respiratory disease has been reported as an atypical presentation of COVID-19 (47, 48). The subclinical presentation of ongoing or resolving myocarditis is also reported (49–51), and asymptomatic or mild disease with CMR findings suggestive of cardiac injury have been demonstrated among young competitive athletes with COVID-19 (51).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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51,114 |
Several regulation mechanisms are known which counteract excessive apoptosis. On DISC-level, c-FLIP and caspase-8 compete for binding to FADD. Thus caspase-8 activation is repressed and, consequently, execution of apoptosis . In type II cells, binding of Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma-extra-large (Bcl-XL) or induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein (Mcl-1) to Bax and Bak, converts them into their inactive forms, thereby preventing MOMP . Upon MOMP, in addition to cytochrome c, the second mitochondrial activator of caspases/direct inhibitor of apoptosis-binding protein with low pI (Smac/DIABLO) is released. Smac/DIABLO binds to and antagonizes XIAP and thereby ensures potent activation of caspases 3, 7, and 9 and execution of apoptosis .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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60,405 |
Neuroimaging research with psilocybin is beginning to suggest potential anti-depressant mechanisms of action at the level of brain structure activity and network connectivity. Task-free functional magnetic resonance imaging research in normal volunteers under the influence of psilocybin has demonstrated decreased activity in the medial PFC and decreased connectivity within the default mode network (DMN) (Carhart-Harris et al., 2012, 2014). The former is significant because depressive symptoms have been associated with increased activity in the medial PFC (Drevets et al., 2008; Farb et al., 2011) and normalization of medial PFC activity has been demonstrated with anti-depressant treatment (Deakin et al., 2008; Holtzheimer and Mayberg, 2011; Kennedy et al., 2007); and the latter because patients with major depression (compared to controls) have demonstrated increased DMN connectivity (Berman et al., 2011, Grecius et al., 2007).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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3,045 |
The solution for MIMICS is12\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathrm{SOM}}_{\mathrm {p,ss}} = \left( {R_{\mathrm {l - p}} + R_{\mathrm {mic - p}}} \right)/D$$\end{document}SOMp,ss=Rl-p+Rmic-p∕D13\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathrm{SOM}}_{{{\mathrm {c,ss}}}}= \left( {{\mathrm{-coeff}}\_f\;{{ + }}\sqrt {{\mathrm{coeff}}\_f^{{2}}- 4 \times {\mathrm{coeff}}\_e \times {\mathrm{coeff}}\_g}} \right){{/}}\left( {{{2 \times {\mathrm{coeff}}\_e}}} \right)$$\end{document}SOMc,ss=-coeff_f+coeff_f2-4×coeff_e×coeff_g∕2×coeff_e14\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathrm{SOM}}_{{{\mathrm {a,ss}}}} = \left( {{\mathrm{-coeff}}\_m\;{{ + }}\sqrt {{\mathrm{coeff}}\_m^{{2}}- 4 \times {\mathrm{coeff}}\_l \times {\mathrm{coeff}}\_n}} \right){{/}}\left( {{{2 \times {\mathrm{coeff}}\_l}}} \right),$$\end{document}SOMa,ss=-coeff_m+coeff_m2-4×coeff_l×coeff_n∕2×coeff_l,where Rl-p and Rmic-p are the input to physically protected soil C from litter and microbial C, respectively; D is the turnover rate of SOMp.15\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathrm{coeff}}\_e = {\mathrm{MIC}}_{\mathrm r} \times V_{{\mathrm{max}}\_{\mathrm{r}}} + {\mathrm{MIC}}_{\mathrm k} \times V_{{\mathrm{max}}\_{\mathrm{k}}}-{\mathrm{ }}R$$\end{document}coeff_e=MICr×Vmax_r+MICk×Vmax_k-R16\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathrm {coeff}}\_f = {\mathrm {MIC}}_{\mathrm r} \times V_{{\mathrm {max}}\_{\mathrm{r}}} \times K_{{\mathrm {o}}\_{\mathrm{k}}} \times K_{{\mathrm {m}}\_{\mathrm{k}}} + K_{{\mathrm {o}}\_{\mathrm{r}}} \times K_{{\mathrm {m}}\_{\mathrm{r}}} \times {\mathrm {MIC}}_{\mathrm {k}} \times V_{{\mathrm {max}}\_{\mathrm{k}}}\\ -(K_{{\mathrm {o}}\_{\mathrm{r}}} \times K_{{\mathrm {m}}\_{\mathrm{r}}} + K_{{\mathrm {o}}\_{\mathrm{k}}} \times K_{{\mathrm {m}}\_{\mathrm{k}}}) \times R$$\end{document}coeff_f=MICr×Vmax_r×Ko_k×Km_k+Ko_r×Km_r×MICk×Vmax_k-(Ko_r×Km_r+Ko_k×Km_k)×R17\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathrm {coeff}}\_g = -{\mathrm{ }}(K_{{\mathrm {o}}\_{\mathrm{r}}} \times K_{{\mathrm {m}}\_{\mathrm{r}}} + K_{{\mathrm {o}}\_{\mathrm{k}}} \times K_{{\mathrm {m}}\_{\mathrm{k}}}) \times R$$\end{document}coeff_g=-(Ko_r×Km_r+Ko_k×Km_k)×R18\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathrm {coeff}}\_l = {\mathrm {MIC}}_{\mathrm r} \times V_{{\mathrm {max}}\_{\mathrm{r}}} + {\mathrm {MIC}}_{\mathrm {k}} \times V_{{\mathrm {max}}\_{\mathrm{k}}}-R$$\end{document}coeff_l=MICr×Vmax_r+MICk×Vmax_k-R
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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243,130 |
The relaxation time of the biofilm \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\tau$$\end{document}τ is related to the elastic modulus E and the axial viscosity \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\tilde{\eta }_\text {axial}$$\end{document}η~axial (i.e., the viscosity measured from axial stress versus axial strain) as32\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\begin{aligned} \tau = \frac{\tilde{\eta }_\text {axial}}{E}, \end{aligned}$$\end{document}τ=η~axialE,where33\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\begin{aligned} \tilde{\eta }_\text {axial} = \eta \left( 1 + \frac{\eta _\text {water}}{2\eta }\right) . \end{aligned}$$\end{document}η~axial=η1+ηwater2η.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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129,323 |
(A, B) Confocal z-projections of pre-permeabilized control and checkpoint-active RPE1 cells following 14 hr thymidine release, stained for ACB markers as indicated. (C) Quantification of control and checkpoint-active RPE1 midbody-stage cells with ACBs present 14 hr post-thymidine release, detected by α-pAurB or SC35 antibody. N = 300 midbody-stage cells scored/condition from n = 3 biological replicates. (D) Quantification of midbody-stage HeLa cells under asynchronous conditions (72 hr after transfection with indicated siRNAs) containing ACBs (marked by α-pAurB or SC35 antibody). The number above each bar represents the % midbody-stage cells with ACBs present. N = 300 midbody-stage cells/condition from n = 3 biological replicates. p-values compare % midbodies with ACBs present.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
319,668 |
For the in vivo tumor protection experiments, C57BL/6 mice (n = 5 per group) were immunized intramuscularly with 1Lf, 100 μl tetanus toxoid (Kuo Kwang, Taichung, Taiwan) into the quadriceps muscle of each mouse. Two weeks later, a booster dose was given intramuscularly. Seven days after the booster vaccination, the mice were immunized subcutaneously in the dorsal flank with 4 × 106 irradiated (10,000 cGy) TC-1/cGM-CSF cells. Two weeks later, a booster dose of TC-1/cGM-CSF cells was given. Seven days after the final vaccination, the immunized mice were subcutaneously challenged with 2 × 105 TC-1 cells in the right dorsal flank. Tumor growth was monitored three times a week using calipers and tumor volume was calculated using the formula: Length x (width)2 × 0.5. When the tumor growth exceeded 2 cm in diameter, the mice were considered dead from the tumor burden and were subsequently euthanized (Figure A1).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
345,134 |
Other snake-derived CATHs: additional pit viper-derived CATHs were predicted by Falcao et al., from the venom gland of Lachesis muta rhombeata (lachesicidin), Bothrops atrox (batroxicidin) and B. lutzi (lutzicidin), as well as two clones from the elapid, Pseudonaja textilis (Pt-CATH1 and Pt-CATH2). Batroxicidin and Pt-CATH1 displayed antibacterial potency comparable to that of Ctn, but were more hemolytic . Moreover, batroxicidin induced T. cruzi cell death by membrane disruption and showed an overall proinflammatory profile .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
58,245 |
Circulating protein levels are known to be an important readout for diagnosing disease and tracking disease progression. Nevertheless, only recently have researchers begun employing high-throughput screening technologies to measure circulating protein levels in large human populations [1–4]. In this study, we employed a microarray technology (SOMAscan, Materials and Methods) to assess variations in the levels of 1128 proteins in the blood serum of three cohorts representing different disease conditions: Crohn’s Disease (CD, n = 84), Ulcerative Colitis (UC, n = 88) and Normal Controls (NC, n = 15). Descriptive summaries of the study cohorts with respect to age, sex and disease condition are reported in S1 Table. Molecular impact of aging has been extensively studied at the epigenetic and transcriptome level . However, the high throughput proteome aging profile has only been studied in healthy subjects . We attempted to close this gap by computing for the first time the aging profile of UC and CD patients, and comparing them with their normal counterpart. Further, we generated genome-wide genotype data (12.6 million SNPs, assayed and imputed) on the CD patients and systematically characterized the genetic variance component for each of the serum proteomic traits (proteomic quantitative trait loci, pQTL).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
375,190 |
The most commonly detected ESR1 point mutations locate in codons 380, 537, and 538 within the LBD (19, 26) ( Figure 1B ). Several large-scale clinical trials have investigated the prevalence of ctDNA ESR1 mutations in ER+ MBC patients (27–30). In a secondary-analysis to the BOLERO-2 study, ESR1 D538G and Y537S mutations were found in 28.8% and 13.3% of the samples, respectively (27). The PALOMA-3 study reported an ESR1 mutation rate of 25.3%, while both the SoFEA study and the FERGI study found relatively higher ESR1 mutation rates (39.1% and 37%, respectively) in ER+ MBC patients (28–30). As shown in Table 1 , four studies (BOLERO-2, SoFEA, PALOMA-3, and FERGI) revealed a high prevalence of ESR1 mutations in second and higher treatment line, with a total mutation rate of 32% (684/2136), while one study (MONALEESA-2) evaluated the ESR1 mutations in first-line treatment and reported a low prevalence of ESR1 mutations (4%). Our previous work revealed an ESR1 mutation rate of 24.7% (169/685) in the HR+ MBC patients (19). And this proportion seemed to be higher (30%–40%) in ER+ HER2- MBC patients who had resistance to ET, especially to AIs (31).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
76,454 |
We used iPfa and an in silico rich medium composed of 236 substrates (S1 Methods) and searched for the IMM, defined as the minimum number of substrates required for growth . The minimum number of substrates was 23, and there are 10,032 such IMM sets, which are generated by the alternative combination of only 52 substrates (S1 Methods, Table 3). We further identified 16 constitutive substrates, i.e., metabolites that were present in all alternative IMMs, and 36 non-constitutive substrates, i.e., metabolites that varied in each alternative IMM. In theory, one would expect 36!/((36–7)!*7!) = 8,347,680 combinations (S1 Methods); the relatively small number of alternatives suggests a limited ability of the 36 substrates to substitute for each other.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
86,813 |
Recently, meat has been subject to a lot of negative publicity. This has been attributed to its contents, mainly fat, saturated fatty acids, and cholesterol, and their association with chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, some types of cancer, and obesity . This has led consumers to demand more health oriented functional meat products that are low in these components . In response to these demands, the meat industry has in recent years endeavored to develop healthier meat products that incorporate health enhancing ingredients such as carotenoids and unsaturated fatty acids [3, 4]. Much attention has been paid to the development of habitually consumed products with physiological functions that promote human health and reduce the prevalence of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
60,370 |
Whenever multiple time points were included in the analysis for continuous measures, repeated measures regressions, from the mixed effect repeated measurement (MMRM) model, were performed in SAS PROC MIXED using an AR(1) covariance structure and fixed effects of group and time. Comparison t-tests from the MMRM analyses are reported for the primary and the continuous secondary outcome measures (see below).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
210,437 |
Some indices in routine examination may also have certain value in the prediction and prognosis of cardiovascular disease. Recent studies have found that haemoglobin is independently associated with mortality from CVD. Leonardi and his team used multivariate Cox regression to find that among patients with ACS managed invasively, an in-hospital haemoglobin drop ≥ 3 g/dl, even in the absence of overt bleeding, is common and is independently associated with an increased risk of 1-year mortality . In addition, the Academic Research Consortium (ARC) for High Bleeding Risk (HBR) proposed clinical and biochemical criteria for High Bleeding Risk (HBR) for the identification of HBR patients. After verification, it was found that all major and the majority of the minor ARC-HBR criteria were identified in isolation patients at HBR .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
125,084 |
Participants within the three DQD trajectories class had distinct clinical profiles, as shown in Table 1. Significant differences in sex, age, DBP among the three classes were observed. The proportion of men was the largest in class 2 (68.8%), and women were more represented in class 3 (53.6%). Participants in class 1 were younger (mean (SD) = 38.48 (10.78)), while participants in classes 2 and 3 were relatively older (mean (SD) = 48.02 (8.51) and (mean (SD) = 45.01(11.32)) years respectively. The DBP significantly varied across different trajectories. There was no significant difference in BMI, PAL, SBP, hypertension status, smoking status across DQD trajectories (p-value > 0.05). Significant distinct demographic profiles were also observed across trajectories. The participants in the first class tended to have higher education (10.7%), with a high urbanicity index (56.0%), lived in the northern region (60.9%), all p-value < 0.05. Participants of all classes tended to live in rural areas, with the highest percentage of 67.5% represented in the third class.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
356,034 |
The model is able to learn motion patterns directly from mobility traces, executing a proper trajectory conversion without any manual feature extraction or additional information. The methodological steps are illustrated in four subsections. The steps are the following:Trajectory pre-processing, which describes how the original traces, continuous in time and space, are transformed into discrete location sequences;Trajectory linking, which reports how the input and target sequences used for training the deep learning model are generated and paired;Seq2seq model building, which explains how to train a model that learns the relationship between input and output sequences;Trajectory translation inference, which focuses on the evaluation phase characterized by the generation of new output trajectories as a result of corresponding input sequences.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
244,901 |
Tp53, the homolog of mouse and human TP53 plays dual roles in gonadal sex differentiation and as a checkpoint protein that can be activated by DNA damage. In a brca2 mutant (brca2Q658X/Q658X) and fancl–/– zebrafish, mutation of tp53 suppresses sex reversal and allows a portion of homozygous mutant animals to develop as females, yet these females produce malformed offspring due to aneuploidy (Rodríguez-Marí et al., 2010, 2011; Shive et al., 2010; Rodríguez-Marí and Postlethwait, 2011). These results suggest that the brca2 and fancl mutations result in unrepaired DNA damage that would otherwise cause cells to be removed via a Tp53 mechanism.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
392,221 |
The methylation data for the CpG at the ZNRD1 promoter in breast cancer patients was retrieved from the TCGA Wanderer database (http://www.maplab.imppc.org/wanderer). The expression data for ZNRD1 and ZNRD1-AS1 was retrieved from the GEPIA database (http://gepia.cancer-pku.cn). All experimental results were independently performed at least three times and analyzed by the two-sided Student's t-test. Differences were considered statistically significant when the P value was lower than 0.05.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
24,621 |
Under 2.5% isoflurane anesthesia, the sciatic nerve was loosely ligated with 6-0 chromic gut sutures. Two ligatures separated by 3–5 mm were placed around the sciatic nerve. The acetone test was performed before surgery and at specified times after surgery on contralateral and ipsilateral hind paws.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
258,414 |
To further optimize our CPP-based vaccine delivery system, several additional CPPs were examined, including two other cationic CPPs: polyarginine and penetratin; three amphipathic CPPs: GV1001, KALA, and Pep-1, and one hydrophobic CPP: LAH4 (Figure 1). These CPPs were lipidated, incorporated with LCP-1-loaded liposomes (Figure 1) and examined together with L1 and L3 for their ability to trigger J8-specific IgG production in Swiss mice following intranasal immunization (Figure 3). L1 and L3 induced the same level of antibody titers as in the first immunization study (Figure 2). L3 (bearing Tat47–57) and L14 (bearing KALA) produced the highest IgG levels among the test liposomes (L8-L15. KALA-based liposomes were even more efficient than Tat47–57; however, the difference was not statistically significant. Interestingly, when the mice were intranasally immunized with the same vaccine candidates (L1, L3, L8–L14) under anesthesia using isoflurane, highly inconsistent IgG production levels were detected (see Supporting Information, Figure S15) and all liposomes stimulated significantly weaker immune responses. This may be explained by isoflurane’s ability to impair antigen uptake by APCs, which has been reported previously . Moreover, anesthesia and body position can influence vaccine distribution in the nasal cavity and lungs .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
146,079 |
A healthy vascular endothelium is pivotal to the maintenance of vascular permeability, inflammatory equilibrium, hemodynamic stability, immune competence and balance between thrombotic and antithrombotic pathways. Vascular endothelial cells express angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) which is the target receptor of SARS-CoV-2. Endothelial cell damage caused by viral particles incites profound vascular inflammation and precipitates thrombosis. Microvasculopathy consisting of severe vascular inflammation with thrombosis seems to represent the imaging correlate of VES. Apart from direct endothelial damage, loss of pericysts is also incriminated in pulmonary microvasculopathy. Pericysts are a unique type of perivascular cell which are indispensable to the integrity of microvessels. These cells exhibit abundant ACE-2, the entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2. ACE-2-mediated COVID-19-endotheliitis also explains the microcirculatory dysfunction in different organ vascular beds and their resultant clinical consequences. ACE-2 receptors, which are expressed abundantly in lungs, intestinal enterocytes and nerve cells also accounts for the direct damage to these organs.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
125,838 |
The city of Wuhan was ground zero of the COVID-19 outbreak, which spread to all 23 provinces of China. As a result, China became the first epicenter in Asia during the COVID-19 pandemic . China’s first confirmed COVID-19 case was reported on November 17, 2019. As of May 5, 2020, there were 82,880 confirmed cases, 4633 deaths, and 77,766 recovered cases in China . The Chinese government imposed lockdown measures to restrict travel to prevent transmission. Since the onset of the COVID-19 outbreak, the Chinese government’s response efforts have been swift, and 3 weeks into the epidemic, in an unprecedented move to slow the spread of the virus, a lockdown was imposed in Wuhan on January 23, 2020 . In the Lunar New Year of 2020, the quarantine was extended to additional provinces and cities during the peak travel period. Many Chinese people stayed at home and socially isolated themselves to prevent infection. Due to many new cases in February 2020, the Central Government of China deployed thousands of medical personnel to a rapidly completed hospital specially designed to treat patients with COVID-19 . The Chinese health authority imparted unbiased and clear guidelines on the use of face masks during the early stage of the pandemic .
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
162,963 |
The experiments were carried out in compliance with the Act on Experiments on Animals of 21 January 2005 reapproved on 15 January 2015 (published in the Journal of Laws no 23/2015 item 266, Poland), and according to the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council of Europe 2010/63/EU of 22 September 2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. The studies received also an approval of the Local Ethics Committee at the Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences (permission no 3/2018 of January 2018). All efforts were made to minimize the number and suffering of animals used.
| 1 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
121,675 |
In our study, the CDVA of some cases improved, especially after primary SMILE correcting the majority of the refractive error. The low preoperative CDVA could be due to most patients’ inexperience with high quality optical correction because of wearing inadequate glasses for a long period of time. In such thick trial set lenses, the minifications and the higher-order aberrations, such as spherical aberration, can compromise the CDVA. Patients often need months after refractive surgery to adapt to the better optical situation resulting in higher visual acuity. It is not uncommon in our practice to find significantly less preoperative CDVA than postoperative CDVA. This is much less encountered in hyperopic patients (magnification effect). However, in some cases, UDVA does not change much. This can be due to induced high-order aberrations by two successive surgeries. Unfortunately, this is not part of our study. Moreover, there is a sort of ceiling effect attained with such high myopic retinae. This also manifested as no improvement with correction post Re-SMILE; the final UDVA is equal to the final CDVA.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
150,247 |
The Mhp NFOR gene (MHP168_RS01740) was synthesized by GenScript Biotech Corp. (Nanjing, China) and was expressed in the BL21(DE3) Escherichia coli strain through the pET32a vector. Before Mhp NFOR protein expression, NFOR was analyzed for signal peptide predictions with SignalP-5.0 Server1 (Almagro Armenteros et al., 2019). The protein expression and purification processes were performed as previously reported with some modifications (Chen et al., 2019; Montfort-Gardeazabal et al., 2021). Bacterial cells were grown in LB medium at 37°C until the OD600 reached approximately 0.7–0.8, and then, IPTG was added to the culture at a final concentration of 0.25 mM and incubated at 16°C to induce protein expression. The cells were collected by centrifugation and resuspended in buffer A containing 30 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 300 mM NaCl, and 20 mM imidazole before the cells were lysed by sonication and centrifuged at 100,000 × g for 30 min. Then, the soluble fraction was incubated with Ni Sepharose 6 FF resin (GE Healthcare, Shanghai, China) at 4°C for 1 h, and then, the Mhp NFOR protein was eluted in buffer A by adding 200 mM imidazole and concentrated using Centricons (Amicon, Merck Ltd., Beijing, China) ultrafiltration. Subsequently, the proteins were dialyzed in buffer B containing 30 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0) and 300 mM NaCl. High Affinity Ni-Charged Resin FF affinity columns (Cat No. L00666, GenScript, Nanjing, China) were used for further purification. The purified protein concentrations were determined with the BCA Protein Assay Kit (Cat No. P0012S, Beyotime, Shanghai, China), and the final concentrations were expressed as milligrams of protein per liter of bacterial solution. The proteins were then stored at −70°C.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
100,811 |
Cells were harvested and washed twice with ice-cold PBS. Cells were resuspended in Triton Extraction Buffer (TEB: PBS containing 0.5% Triton X 100, protease inhibitors) at a cell density of 107 cells per ml and incubated on ice for 10 minutes with gentle shaking. After centrifuging at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes at 4° C, the supernatant was removed and discarded. The pellet was resuspended in 25 µl 0.5N HCl and incubated on ice for 30 minutes. 4 volumes of pre-chilled acetone was added to the sample, and histones were let precipitate at –20° C overnight. After centrifuging at 13000 rpm for 20 minutes at 4° C, the supernatant was removed and the pellet air-dried and resuspended in distilled water. Protein content was determined using the Bradford assay.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
117,112 |
Among a total of 31,596 subjects, 25,534 (80.8%) participants were included in the health interview and examination survey. We excluded males, premenopausal women, and PMP women without BMD data. After ineligible subjects were excluded, the total number of subjects in the study was 3,312 (Fig 1). Demographic data and results for alcohol consumption and BMD are shown in Table 1.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
331,388 |
Abalones cultured in the northern sea area experienced at least four months low temperature (averagely < 10 °C) annually (Fig. 1A), while that in the southern sea area experienced as many as five months hot temperature (average maximum seawater temperature was higher than 28 °C, Fig. 1B). The maximum water temperature in the Fuzhou aquaculture area was around 30 °C from July to September. In this context, acclimation temperatures were designed as 10 °C and 30 °C, to compare the heat response differences of abalones.Figure 1Seawater temperature data. (A) The monthly average temperature of south and north sites for the past three years. (B) The maximum temperature of the south site in summer months for the past three years.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
74,723 |
Based on participant feedback, our institution modified the recommendation rating scale to a clear binary “Please see your doctor” or “You do not need to see your doctor” in order to meet the needs of those with limited health literacy. Additional investigation is still required to determine whether this relatively new system will result in more appropriate healthcare resource utilization. These findings also indicate a need to establish clear, and descriptive consent language for those research studies that conduct MRI scans and return IF reports. We recommend that investigators use the initial consent conversation to help outline the possible outcomes from an IF report, and direct research participants interested in learning additional information to educational resources. We intend to develop and measure the effectiveness of additional resources (such as an easily navigable website that provides information about the most common brain imaging IF) to enable participants to learn and make appropriate decisions about their specific IF. These informational resources, written in lay language, may address the gap between participant health literacy skills and the complex clinical information provided in the radiology reports, while limiting the amount of burden placed on either investigators or the healthcare system.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
390,618 |
To better understand the mechanistic nature of heterochrony-driven morphological evolution in phyllostomids, we aimed to investigate cell behavior during their craniofacial development and determine how alterations in cellular biology affect cranial shapes in different species. Once morphogenesis is understood at the cellular level, we can begin to explain how diversity is generated by changes in the underlying developmental processes . Knowledge of the alterations at the cellular level, in turn, creates a platform allowing further dissection at the molecular and genetic levels.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
315,602 |
Please note that you may have the opportunity to make the peer review history publicly available. The record will include editor decision letters (with reviews) and your responses to reviewer comments. If eligible, we will contact you to opt in or out. Please see here for more details:
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
95,368 |
Molecular dynamic simulation offers a strategy for refining protein structures with bad geometries and had been used for several protein structures previously40,41. The protein system had been solvated and 100 mM of divalent metal ions concentration was added because of the previously reported data on significantly enhanced activity of these isozymes in the presence of higher calcium or magnesium ion concentration6.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
125,186 |
The mortality rate was expressed as % mean ± S.D of experimental replicates for each dosage of the test solutions after correction using Abbotts’s formulae based on the data obtained from the negative control. Log probit analysis was used to determine the LC50 and LC90 at their associated 95% fiducial limits at upper and lower confidence limit (UCL/LCL) using R software version 3.2.3 . A comparison of LC50 and LC90 values was based on confidential limits for each population, whereby there was no significant difference if two confidence intervals overlapped. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistical analyses. Means were compared by measured ANOVA followed by the post-hoc Tukey HSD test and p values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Graphs were designed using Graph Pad Prism version 7.01 for Windows (GraphPad) Software, San Diego, CA, USA).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
37,518 |
Evolution of the body weight from Day 0–21 in the control group (circles) with food ad libitum, restricted night-fed group (RF-night, squares) with access to food restricted to ZT12 to ZT14 (1800–2000 h), restricted day-fed group (RF-day, triangles) with access to food restricted to ZT3 to ZT5 (0900–1100 h) and, restricted day-fed group (DF, diamonds) with access to food restricted to ZT0 to ZT12 (0600–1800 h). N = 6–10 rats per time point per group. ZT, Zeitgeber Time. Significant difference among ZTs within the same feeding condition: *P < 0.05.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
389,306 |
Apart from examining the effects of pre-existing immunity on antibody-mediated immunity induced by vaccination, we also examined whether there were effects on cell-mediated immunity. We assessed IFN-γ-specific responses in PBMC after ex vivo stimulation with virus, as a measure of cell-mediated immunity. Figure 4 shows the numbers of ISC against each of the five viruses examined at different time points. The numbers of ISC in PBMC from the uninfected control pigs were below the detection limit of the assay at all time points. A week following infection with NC95, high numbers (mean > 50/106 cells) of ISC against NC95, G08, and VIC75 were observed. Numbers of ISC against PA10 and HK14 were lower (<50/106 cells). Of note were the high numbers of ISC against VIC75 (mean > 250/106 cells), which is antigenically different from the virus used for infection. This cross-reactivity is in line with the notion that cross-reactive T cell responses mainly target relatively conserved internal proteins of influenza viruses instead of surface antigens . The numbers of ISC declined until week 7, the time of the first vaccination. Vaccination with PA10, however, did not seem to stimulate ISC responses, except for one pig with increased numbers of ISC against four out of the five viruses, at week 8. Interestingly, the second vaccination stimulated ISC responses against all viruses except HK14, as shown by the results at week 12. The magnitude of response against all viruses except VIC75 was higher than after infection. NC95 is antigenically related to the first vaccine strain, PA10, with 91.5% amino acid homology in the HA1. On the other hand, the second vaccine strain, G08, shares only 83% amino acid homology with NC95. Studies have suggested that repeated exposure to a similar influenza strain results in limited boosting of cell-mediated immune responses . This could explain why the second, but not the first, vaccination stimulated ISC responses. If this information is anything to go by, then the boosting of pre-existing CMI will be dependent on the antigenic relationship between the antigen encountered first and the antigens encountered later.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
207,286 |
I have spoken of cross-country skating, the V-style and fibreglass skis. Perhaps it speaks of the conservatism or relative insularity of Norwegian winter sports that Norwegians have never proposed any of these innovations, but indeed resisted them. This happened—for a fourth example—when the clap skate was introduced by Dutch ice skaters, also in the 1980s. Unlike traditional skates, the steel of the clap skate is attached to the boot through a hinge at the front, enabling more flexible and dynamic foot movement and greater overall speed. The Norwegians immediately wished to ban the clap skates because they made for unequal competition. And yet: After a few years, the Norwegian Ådne Søndrål won a world record on clap skates, and since then, nobody has looked back.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
326,380 |
The four types of miners were classified based on the four-quadrants: the dissociated type; attached type; materialistic type; and close type. Notably, the W-I showed a better relationship than that of M-I and S-I (highest distribution of close type). M-I and S-I revealed a high distribution of dissociated type after the close type, which showed a polarized status.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
308,381 |
Replaceable shear wall corner components are another type of replaceable energy dissipation device. Jiang et al. proposed a replaceable wall corner component with a mild steel yielding damper, and they showed that shear walls installed with these components could direct the damage to replaceable components, thereby protecting the nonreplaceable areas from damage . Considering the susceptibility of shear wall corners to damage, Lu proposed a new type of shear wall with replaceable corner components by installing replaceable tension-compression bearings at the corners of the shear wall, and these bearings dissipated energy during earthquakes and could be replaced after earthquakes .
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
91,721 |
To conclude, the findings of the present study indicate that the accuracy of the EE estimations provided by the commercial sports watches currently available from Suunto, Garmin, and Polar is intensity-dependent. According to Lee et al. and Nelson et al. , MAPE of ≤10% are acceptable for an accurate measurement. Only the Polar V800 met this restriction during the moderate running stage 3 and came close to it during stage 2 with MAPE of 10–11% compared to the criterion measure. Followed by the Garmin Forerunner920XT during stage 3 with a MAPE of 12%. In contrast to the Garmin and Suunto watches, the Polar device did not significantly differ from the criterion measure during any of the first three running stages. However, all three sports watches significantly underestimated EE during the high intensities, with a proportional error increasing as the running speed increased. Hence, the formulas for EE estimation have to be improved to correctly assess the increased EE demands during intense activities.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
94,066 |
Consistent with earlier findings , , , we found father’s education to have a strong and independent effect on DPT uptake. Effect size estimates for the individual- and household-level factors, although found significant for both DPT outcomes, were smaller for DPT 1–3 dropout, particularly for mothers’ lack of awareness of immunization-related messages (odds ratio was 4.2 for nonvaccination with DPT compared with 1.4 for DPT1–3 dropout). This fits with the findings, albeit for the full sequence of recommended childhood vaccines, from the Coverage Evaluation Survey, a nationwide survey undertaken by the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) in India in 2009 : higher percentages of mothers of nonvaccinated children mentioned ‘did not feel the need for immunization’, ‘did not know what vaccines are needed and when’, and ‘did not know where to take child for immunization’ as reasons than did mothers with partially vaccinated children (28%, 31%, and 16% versus 25%, 26%, and 10%, respectively).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
126,450 |
Taking into consideration the efficient internalization of LNC post-P5 in the cytoplasm under acid conditions, the cellular uptake mechanism of these modified objects was investigated at pH 6. Control condition received only LNC post-P5, while other conditions were pretreated with different uptake inhibitors. DAM inhibits the Na+/H+ exchanger involved in macropinocytosis . MβC disturbs the formation of both caveolin-coated endocytic vesicles and clathrin-coated pits . This inhibitor is also symptomatic of macropinocytosis, as reported previously . PMA inhibits caveolin-dependent endocytosis , and chlorpromazine inhibits clathrin-dependent endocytosis by blocking the formation of membrane invaginations . Additionally, to discriminate active from passive pathways, LNC post-P5 treated cells were incubated at 4 °C. Control LNC uptake was considered as 100% of internalization. Results are reported in Figure 7A for B16F10 and Figure 7B for SK-Mel 28 cells. Both cell lines showed a significant reduction of internalization at 4 °C (p < 0.001). Cellular uptake of LNC post-P5 in B16F10 was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) by approximately 50% after pretreatments with DAM and MβC. For SK-Mel 28, cellular uptake was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) by 60% and 80% after pretreatments with DAM and PMA, respectively. At 4 °C, energy-dependent pathways, such as endocytosis and pinocytosis are blocked. Inhibition of cell uptake observed at this temperature highlighted active internalization of LNC post-P5 in these melanoma cell lines, rather than diffusion across the cell membrane.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
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