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239,984 |
From the light and heavy body weight simulation, the model suggests that body weight is a predictive indicator of the severity of IJV flow suppression. Interestingly, body weight has been shown to correlate with manifestation of spaceflight‐associated neuro‐ocular syndrome (SANS) symptoms (Buckey et al., 2018).
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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256,864 |
The sugarcanes were planted in a root dynamic observation room, which consists of the underground planting container and underground observation aisle. The ground part of the observation room is a solar greenhouse. The external steel framework of the planting container was in the shape of an inverted trapezoid, with an internal depth of 180 cm, an internal bottom width of 80 cm, and an internal top width of 150 cm (Figure 1A). The planting container was evenly divided into separate planting troughs with a plastic septum, and the top of each planting trough is 75 cm long and 50 cm wide. The inner walls on both sides of the planting trough are transparent observation glass panels, which were divided into the upper and lower ports (45 cm width by 85 cm length). The planting troughs were filled with the trial soil and repeatedly irrigated, settled, and filled to ensure the soil bulk density and physicochemical property closer to which at the field site, and then used for experiments as below after 3 months.
| 4 | 2other
| 0Study
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227,931 |
In summary, the ISMI policy had a positive effect on improving the rate of IHSU but not on the rate of OHSU. This is in line with the ISMI policy’s original intention to focus on inpatient services rather than outpatients to achieve its principal goal of preventing catastrophic health expenditure. Moreover, the ISMI policy had a positive effect on reducing the inequity of OHSU but a negative effect on decreasing the inequity of IHSU; thus, further research is needed to verify this change. This research on the effects of integration policy implementation may be useful to policy makers and has important policy implications for other developing countries facing similar challenges on the road to universal health coverage.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
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22,744 |
The trap where the highest values for prey acceleration during suction (~2800 g), for subsequent deceleration inside the bladder of about (−1900 g), and for prey velocity (~4 m/s) were measured (CE 07, Movie S7), was to a great extent filled with air in the deflated (ready-to-catch) state. During suction, a water jet can be seen travelling in a straight manner from the trap entrance region to the rear trap wall, where it splashes. Such a jet is also visible in CE 05 (Movie S5). All other traps were (mainly) water-filled in the deflated state, and water jets could hence not be observed during suction. In this group of traps, maximum prey velocities of ~3 m/s during suction and maximum accelerations of ~1800 g/~1200 g and decelerations of ~(−1600 g)/~(−1800 g) (CEs 04 & 06) were measured. In CEs 04, 10 & 11, small air bubbles were visible in the upper entrance regions inside the bladders, which noticeable interfered with the trapdoors during their opening sequences (Movies S4, S10 and S11). More precisely, the bubbles appeared as stuck in the entrance regions and they became pushed towards the trap lumina during the inward motions of the doors. In CEs 04 & 10, the bubbles detached from the entrance region during prey capture and freely floated inside the bladders afterwards. The bubble in CE 11 continued to adhere to the entrance during and after prey capture and became strongly deformed by the inflow of water and by the impact of the sucked animal (Movie S11).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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35,646 |
Raman spectroscopic images were also used to quantitatively measure the degree of localized heterogeneity in different regions of cartilage tissues. Here, in native cartilage tissues, measurements were performed by calculating the coefficient of variation of pixel concentrations of GAG and collagen within a localized (250 × 250 μm) region of interest in the tissue deep zone.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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259,767 |
Shore A hardness was measured on HTV silicone rubber with ATH filler material of all available composite insulators, according to the ISO 48-4 standard . As mentioned in Section 3.1 of this paper, five measurements were taken and then the average value and the standard deviation of them were calculated. Measurements were taken firstly on one half shed of each insulator and subsequently on the top of two half sheds, layered in the opposite direction. The average values and the standard deviations of these measurements are illustrated in Figure 5 by columns and by error bars on the top of the columns, respectively.
| 1 | 2other
| 0Study
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157,752 |
Cells were activated with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 24 h with or without sample pretreatment with NeB for 1 h. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and PGE2 were quantified according to the manufacturer’s instructions using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits from R&D Systems Inc. (Minneapolis, MN, USA).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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39,109 |
As the early evidence of self-renewal capability was found during ICM to IO-0.5 transition (Figures 2A and 2B), we sought to determine whether ESC identity was acquired quickly after ICM expansion in vitro. Therefore, we examined the temporal dependency on R2i culture conditions to determine the minimal time required for the efficient derivation of ESCs. We found that 1-day treatment with R2i led to the derivation of ESCs at approximately 60% efficiency, and that 2-day treatment induced ESCs at maximal derivation efficiency (Figure 2C). This finding revealed that the gene expression changes taking place during the first days of ICM culture supported the efficient establishment of ESCs. In the next step, we compared the expression profile of ESCs of different passages (P2, P4, and P15) with ICM cells and all the IOs (Figures 2D and 2E). The results showed that, with increasing passage number, ESCs are closer to late-stage IOs than to early-stage IOs (Figures 2D and 2E). Functional analysis of DEGs between IOs and ESCs at different passage numbers indicated the upregulation of nuclear division-related genes and the downregulation of genes involved in translation and gene expression processes. However, these differences declined as the interval between ESCs and IOs was reduced (Figures 2E and S2B–S2D). Nearly similar functional annotations were enriched by analyzing the differences in gene expression between ESCs of different passages (Figure S2E). Despite the high similarity between ESCs and late-stage IOs, functional analysis for downregulated genes highlighted the importance of pathways related to epithelial cell differentiation, organ formation, extracellular matrix organization, and regulation of epithelial cell migration (Figures S2B–S2D and 2E). This result suggested that preventing the differentiation or migration of epithelial cells should be considered for successfully establishing an immortal ESC line. Therefore, it appeared that, although key changes in gene expression occurred quite quickly during the conversion of ICMs to ESCs, cells had assumed an ESC identity rather gradually. These findings suggested the existence of a distinct core regulatory circuitry for the establishment of ESCs. This circuitry would form and be active promptly during the in vitro ICM culture on one hand, but would induce cells to acquire ESC identity gradually on the other hand.
| 5 | 0biomedical
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148,845 |
This research had an observational, analytical, descriptive, and quantitative cross-sectional design. It was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of our institution (number CAAE 81117517.0.0000.5346 and opinion 2.538.043). Those responsible for the infants signed an informed consent form. The norms and regulatory guidelines for research with human beings of Resolution 466/2012 of the Brazilian National Health Council were respected.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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334,608 |
The rapid increase in aging people among the population and age-related cognitive decline increase the need for interventions to maintain cognitive function, such as cognitive training. Previous findings demonstrated that cognitive training interventions can improve the performance of healthy older adults in cognitive tasks (Mahncke et al., 2006; Schmiedek et al., 2010; Kelly et al., 2014). A training is considered effective when the trained skills can be transferred to untrained tasks outside the training context in order to improve everyday cognitive functioning (Schneider, 2008; Strenziok et al., 2014). In addition, the maintenance of training gains is an important goal of cognitive training. Evidence of transfer of the training effect is mostly reported for untrained tasks within the same cognitive domain (near transfer effect), but rarely occurs across different domains (far transfer effect) (Blume et al., 2010; Kelly et al., 2014).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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174,007 |
The wide variety of color measurement methods restricts the comparison between studies. Tsiliagkou et al. assessed the repeatability and accuracy of Easyshade (Vita), SpectroShade (MHT Optic Research), and ShadeVision (XRite) dental spectrophotometers and reported SpectroShade as the most accurate and reliable of the three color-matching devices. It was corroborated by Mehl et al.’s and Khurana et al.’s studies. However, Dozic et al. reported Easyshade (the one used in the present study) as the most reliable instrument of shade matching both in vitro and in vivo . The difference among the studies can also be due to the employed color difference formulae. Although some researchers might still use the CIE 76 formula, CIEDE2000 is suggested as a more applicable and reliable formula in dentistry .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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380,368 |
Income inequality has been increasing in the United States for four decades (Piketty & Saez, 2003). When income inequality is high, the disparity in economic resources—as well as political power and social capital—between the richest and poorest families is large. This may lead to larger achievement gaps between children in high- and low-income families, given the large disparities in resources that families can deploy to provide educational opportunities for their children (Reardon, 2011b).
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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139,397 |
Parents described the time commitments involved in parenting a child with ASD. Time spent traveling and coordinating appointments in the health care system and education system was often challenging and time-consuming. Parents were required to balance work and other family members’ needs. Some parents reported they had quit work in order to have more time to advocate and care for their child with ASD.
| 2 | 2other
| 1Other
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326,845 |
The human CRC cell lines RKO and HT29 were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). HUVECs were purchased from Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. All cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and antibiotics at 37 °C with 5% CO2. Bevacizumab (a humanized monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to all VEGFA isoforms with high affinity) was purchased from MedChemExpress (Cat. No. HY-P9906), and it was added to the indicated cells at concentrations of 250 μg/mL. Tumor-bearing nude mice were treated with Bevacizumab at a dose of 2 mg/kg every three days. Anti-CCL2 (clone 2H5) antibody, an IgG monoclonal antibody that neutralizes the bioactivity of human natural or recombinant CCL2, was purchased from BioLegend (Cat. No. 505913), and it was added to the indicated cells at a concentration of 10 ng/mL. Tumor-bearing nude mice were treated with antiCCL2 at a dose of 2 mg/kg every 3 days. Recombinant human VEGF 165 protein was purchased from Abcam (ab83572) systems. Recombinant human CCL2 protein was purchased from Invitrogen (RP-75662). A STAT3 inhibitor (C188-9) was purchased from Selleck (Cat. No. S8605), and it was added to the indicated cells at a concentration of 5 μΜ. A STAT3 activator (Colivelin) was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Sc-361153), and it was added to the indicated cells at a concentration of 0.5 μΜ.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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129,909 |
Additional file 1. Fig. S1. Osteogenic commitment and adipogenic commitment of hBMSCs. A FACS analysis of hBMSCs. The unstained population was shown in blue. B Representative images of Oil Red O staining of hBMSCs at day 7. Scale bar: 100 μm. C Representative images of Alizarin Red staining of hBMSCs at day 7. Scale bar: 100 μm. D, E Relative expression of osteogenic-related genes (D) or adipogenic-related genes (E). Statistical significance was calculated with Student’s t test. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01, N = 3, error bars: std. Fig. S2. The metabolic changes in ST2 cells. A Seahorse mito-stress test for OCR, ECAR, and the energy map of ST2 cells on Day 7. B Glucose consumption rate in ST2 cells on Day 7. C Lactate production rate inST2 cells on Day 7. Ctrl: control; Osteo: osteogenesis; Adipo: adipogenesis; Oligo: oligomycin; FCCP: Trifluoromethoxy carbonylcyanide phenylhydrazone; Rot: rotenone; Ant: antimycin A. N = 3. Statistical significance was calculated with one-way ANOVA. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01. Data are represented as mean ± SD. Fig. S3. ALP staining of undifferentiated hBMSCs with FK866 or P7C3 treatment for 7 days. Representative images of the ALP staining of hBMSCs cultured without osteogenic-induction medium for 7 days. The right panel was the quantification of ALP staining density. Statistical significance was calculated with one-way ANOVA. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01. N = 4. Data are represented as mean ± SD. Fig. S4. NAMPT expression in bone callus during bone fracture repair. Representative images of the H&E stain and NAMPT expression in bony callus. The yellow dashed line indicates the bone callus. Lower panels show the area in the black box with high magnification. Black arrows indicated the hard callus. Scale bar in low magnification: 200 μm, scale bar in high magnification: 50 μm. N = 5
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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127,390 |
All sections of the ulcer scar were observed under a microscope to extract histological characteristics, focusing on the degree of fibrosis. The thickness of each layer (ReEp, SF and MP) in the esophageal wall at the center of the ulcer scar were measured using the software CellSens (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). These clinicopathological characteristics of patients who received TA injection after ESD (TA group) were compared with those who did not receive TA injection (Non-TA group).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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172,237 |
Internal jugular vein catheter infection: ERAS group 2 cases, CT group 5 case; intraperitoneal infection: ERAS group 0 cases, CT group 3 case; Wound fat liquefaction: ERAS group 2 cases, CT group 12 case; pulmonary infection: ERAS group 3 cases, CT group 5 case; death case: ERAS group 0 cases, CT group 1 case; Number of anastomotic fistula cases: ERAS group 1 case, CT group 3 case, These patients were treated conservatively with double cannula flushing, The fistula healed smoothly; Comparison of readmission rates: Both groups are 0, There were significant differences in fat liquefaction between the two groups, P < 0.05, Other indicators were compared between the two groups, P > 0.05(As shown in Table 3).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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215,433 |
S. venezuelensis HH1 was previously isolated and has been maintained in our laboratories (Kitasato University School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan) by serial passaging in male 8-week-old Wistar rats. iL3s were prepared using the filter paper method and administered by s.c. injection (30,000 iL3s/rat). LL3s were recovered from rat lungs at 72–75 h p.i. as previously described .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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218,075 |
1) First, the confidence in effect sizes (assessed with the GRADE method) is very low for almost all comparisons (including psychological interventions), and the effect sizes observed on the remaining comparisons are inconsistent. For instance, the authors found a greater benefit of SSRIs over placebo for total drinking (SMD= -0.30, 95%CI -0.59 to -0.02), but not for the other outcomes related to alcohol consumption at post intervention (i.e. remission from alcohol use, craving symptoms, heavy drinking). This effect size was estimated from a network including only nine (32%) pharmacological intervention RCTs. What does the number of 3 RCTs mentioned with the effect size correspond to (p10 l208)? Does is correspond to the number of studies providing a direct comparison between SSRIs and placebo? In that case, it would represent about one third of the studies evaluating SSRI vs placebo. However, there was no evidence of a superiority of SSRIs at long term follow-up (Table 4), and no evidence of a superiority of SSRIs over other active treatments (eTable 5, 6 and 7). The same concerns can be raised for the tricyclic antidepressants for which the superiority over placebo on depressive symptoms (SMD= -0.37, 95%CI -0.72 to -0.02; low confidence) was not observed on other outcomes, whereas there was no evidence of a superiority of TCAs over other active treatments.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
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119,788 |
One of the links between diabetes and such a high prevalence of CVD is renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activation. It has been shown that the RAAS plays a major role in the development of diabetic cardiovascular complications , as it promotes atherosclerosis [6, 7], cardiomyocyte loss, and extensive myocardial fibrosis [8, 9]. Consistent with this view, ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers represent the first line therapy for primary and secondary CVD prevention in patients with diabetes . Recent research has uncovered new dimensions of the RAAS and, therefore, new potential therapeutic targets against diabetic CVD. Here we describe the timeline of paradigm shifts in RAAS understanding, how diabetes modifies the RAAS, and what new parts of the RAAS pathway could be targeted in order to achieve RAAS modulation against diabetic CVD.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
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389,076 |
Peter’s self‐report was the main source of information for the assessment process. Historically, MH&A practitioners may have struggled with disclosure of information for fear of falling foul of privacy legislation. However, the information‐sharing provisions of the New Zealand Family Violence Act 2018 clearly stipulate that family violence agencies (which includes district health boards, New Zealand’s twenty regional health service funding and provision bodies) may request personal information about a victim or person using violence for the purposes of a family violence risk or need assessment, to contribute to a response to family violence, and/or to protect a victim from family violence (Family Violence Act 2018). With respect to family violence perpetration, MH&A assessment processes need to seek third‐party information and to corroborate self‐reported information with other services, such as the statutory child protection agency, the Police and local support services.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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310,272 |
Generally, the establishment of injury models induced by microwave radiation requires stable microwave exposure conditions, suitable subjects, appropriate methods, and reliable biological indicators. The stable microwave exposure conditions promise the reproducibility of the microwave-radiation-induced biological effects . Suitable subjects sensitive to specific microwave radiation injuries are essential in establishing different types of injury models. The appropriate methods are helpful in screening biological indicators sensitive to microwave radiation, which are important for assessing the successful establishment of injury models, understanding the underlying mechanisms of microwave radiation injuries, and laying foundations for corresponding clinical diagnosis and the development of targeted therapeutic drugs.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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242,640 |
Most of these works presented largely numerical studies of the fully nonlinear and often time-dependent solutions that such networks can support whereas we have concentrated on stationary solutions, exploiting the form of the coupling function to explicitly calculate these and analytically determine their stability.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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270,302 |
All the A. gambiae s.s. mosquito lines used in this study were derived from the G3 strain, including the docking line X1 as well as the Vasa2-Cas9 and CTL4-gRNA3 lines described above, here referred to as Cas9 and CTL4-gRNA, respectively. Mosquitoes were reared and maintained under laboratory conditions according to Simões and colleagues . Embryo microinjection solution was prepared by combining maxi-prep purifications (Invitrogen) of 2 plasmids: the pDSAR-CTL4-gRNA3 construct (160 ng/μl) and a helper plasmid, pENTR-R4R3-Vasa2-integrase (200 ng/μl), expressing the phiC31 integrase under the Vasa promoter , in 1/10 of 10× injection buffer solution (0.1 mM NaHPO4 buffer and 5 mM KCl (pH 6.8)).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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72,840 |
Physicians reported that they do ask their patients general questions related to HRQoL, most specifically related to sleep, fatigue, and impacts on work, though they do not routinely use a standardized measure of HRQoL when assessing patients with AL amyloidosis. For example, physicians asked questions such as “How much energy do you have on a daily basis?” “Are you able to work?” and “Are you able to do things you enjoy as part of your normal day-to-day life?”
| 2 | 1clinical
| 1Other
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100,082 |
Currently, there are two prominent aggregation models outlining how the Htt protein misfolds and aggregates. The first model suggests that the Htt-N-terminal region is the key player behind aggregation, existing normally in a random coil conformation and folding into a helical structure upon interaction with a second Htt-N-terminal to form an oligomer structure . The Htt-N-terminal region is present in helical form in fibrils of huntingtin exon 1, suggesting an involvement in fibril formation, possibly via alpha-helical interactions that create oligomers [8, 30–32]. The Lysine residues (6 and 15) in the Htt-N-terminal region are believed to form an intermolecular side chain interaction and are solvent-inaccessible in the aggregate state . Mutating any of these residues could potentially weaken or break oligomerization. More recently, Arndt et al. strongly confirmed the high degree of helical propensity of the Htt-N-terminal region in solution and observed that some Htt-N-terminal regions turn back on themselves and self-associate with helical bundles . The second model suggests that aggregation of the huntingtin protein occurs as a result of the interaction between the Htt-N-terminal region and huntingtin's extended polyQ domain (the domain cross-talk model) [33, 34]. This model proposes that the hydrophobic residues of the Htt-N-terminal region interact with the polyQ domain and stabilize its structure, driving fibrillization and bypassing the oligomer state.
| 5 | 0biomedical
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49,026 |
In terms of the association between leaving children at home alone and child mental health, the results indicated that children left at home alone frequently (i.e., once a week or more) was associated with only negative outcomes, specifically, the total difficulties, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, and peer relationship problems scores, although children left at home alone occasionally (i.e., less than once a week) showed no impact on their mental health among 6 or 7 years children in Japan. The current findings are consistent with those of previous studies that revealed that leaving children at home alone increased the risk of accident or crime by children themselves (45), possibly because leaving children at home alone may escalate to further neglect toward children (7). Moreover, this study adds to the literature that there would be no impact of leaving children at home alone on the positive aspects of child mental health.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
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97,471 |
The second temporal coding model is the “spike-phase code” which uses a periodic signal, such as the specific phase of local field potential (LFP) oscillations, as the reference signal (Figure 1G). For example, decoding reliability of odor identity or an animal's spatial location can be increased if one combines changes in spike rates with a selectively filtered LFP oscillation phase (O'keefe and Recce, 1993; Hopfield, 1995; Jensen and Lisman, 1996; Wehr and Laurent, 1996). In practice, the spike phase-coupling code often involved the data averaging of stimulus-triggered spikes over the trials, like the rate-code model, and then aligning them with phases of LFP oscillation. Thus, this temporal coding model still treats spike variability as noise that degrades decoding accuracy. Behaviorally, oscillations seem to reflect ongoing motor activity such as respiration (used for analyzing odor cell-phase coupling) or running (used for analyzing CA1 place cell-phase coupling). In addition, membrane oscillations are well known to be highly variable over the spatial domain (i.e., dendrites vs. soma), as well as the temporal domain. To reduce variability that corrupts tuning properties of cells, several artificial manipulations were often employed. For instance, place-cell analyses were usually limited to the locomotion state during which animals need to reach a certain running speed; any spike data occurring during a momentary pause, grooming, eating, or below the defined running speed were artificially excluded, artificially excluded, a procedure which the brain is unlikely to do. Another unresolved issue is that LFPs are intermixed voltage signals that do not separate themselves neatly into different frequency bands. As such, it is unclear how neurons would filter out specific oscillations (i.e., theta or gamma frequencies) and then perform spike phase coupling analysis as experimenters did via Matlab software.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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394,095 |
In Table 1, we summarize the information on the data used to empirically measure the TIR for 30 technologies. For each of these technologies, the table describes how many data points the performance time-series has and its year range, as well as the performance variable that describes the time-series. We also report the data source of each time series as the paper in which it was first used. In that paper the reader can find more information on how each one was collected. The time series are available in the file “performance_time_series.csv”, which contains 398 performance observations in total, for all 30 domains over time and five columns (Year, Data, Domain, Metric and Units).Table 1Summary information for the technology domains’ performance variables.Table 1:Domain ID nameDomain complete namePerformance variableVariable unitData source# of data points1st yearLast year3D PRINTINGIndustrial stereolitographyprinting speed and build volume over layer thickness and machine size and costSpeed * build volume/(layer thickness *machine size*cost)B&M (2015A)519912006AIRCRAFTAircraft passenger transportationpassenger transported per mile per hourPassengers*miles/hourB&M (2015A)1219261975BATTERIESElectrochemical battery energy storageamount of energy stored per kilogramwh/kgB&M (2015A)1319702004CAMERACamera sensitivitymv micro per squared metermV/m^2B&M (2015A)1119872008CAPACITORCapacitor energy storageamount of energy stored per kilogramWh/kgB&M (2015A)919702005COMB ENGINECombustion enginesamount of energy produced per weight of engineW/kgB&M (2015A)2418962002CTComputed TomographyCT scan resolution over scan time1/(mm*scan time)B&M (2015A)1319712006ELECTRIC COMPUTATIONElectronic computationelectronic computations per secondcpsB&M (2015A)1919432007ELECTRIC MOTORElectric motorsPower of electric motor per kgW/kgB&M (2015A)1118811993ELECTRIC TELECOMElectrical information transmissionKilobyte of information transmitted per dollar spentkbps / Million $B&M (2015A)1018581983ELECTRO POWERTRANSElectrical energy transmissionAC electricity transmission powered distanceW*KmB&M (2015A)1018891983FLYWHEELFlywheel energy storageenergy per weightkwh/kgB&M (2015A)719752003FUELCELLFuelcell energy productionamount of energy produced per dollar spentkW/$B&M (2015A)519701996GENOMEGenome sequencingsequenced base pairs of genome per dollar spentBP/$B&M (2015A)719702004HYBRID CORNHybrid corn productivityproductivity of hybrid corn varieties per acre cultivatedBushel per acreBarry et al. (2017)2019962015ICIntegrated circuit processorsnumber of transistors per die in microprocessorstransistors / dieB&M (2015A)1219722006INCANDESCENTIncandescent artificial illuminationquantity of visible light emitted per dollar spent1000 lumenhour/$B&M (2015A)918831990LEDLED artificial illuminationquantity of visible light emitted per lamplumen/lampB&M (2015A)1519722009MAGNETIC INFO STORAGEMagnetic information storagemagnetic memory hard disk mbits per ccmbits/ccB&M (2015A)2319702003MAGNETIC MATPermanent magnetic materialsamount of energy stored per volumeKJ / m^3Basnet (2016)1819172008MILLINGMilling machineshorse power over accuracyaverage HP/total accuracy in mmB&M (2015A)619392012MRIMagnetic Resonance Imagingresolution per time per dollar spent of magnetic resonance imaging1/(mm*sec*$)B&M (2015A)619802006OPTICAL INFO STORAGEOptical information storageamount of memory per ccMbits/ccB&M (2015A)1519812004OPTICAL TELECOMOptical Information Transmissionoptical telecommunication bandwidth per length over costkbps*km / Million $B&M (2015A)1319882002PHOTOLITHOGRA-PHYPhotolitographyareal throughput over accuracysquared inches / hr*micronB&M (2015A)1119621986SEMICOND INFO STORAGEIntegrated circuits information storagenumber of transistors per die in memoriestransistors / dieB&M (2015A)2019592007SOLAR PVSolar photovoltaic energy storageamount of energy stored per dollar spentWatts / $B&M (2015A)3519682009SUPERCONDUCTORSuperconductivitycritical temperature1/ deg KB&M (2015A)719701995WINDWind turbine energy generationamount of energy generated per dollar spentW/$B&M (2015A)819702011WIRELESS TELECOMWireless information transmissionthroughputKbpsB&M (2015A)1519702009Note: B&M (2015) stands for Benson and Magee (2015a)
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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292,634 |
The original HC model (Cooper and Helmstetter, 1968) is based on the experimental observation that the average duration of chromosome replication (“C period”) can be longer than the average doubling time of the cells in fast-growing E. coli. In such growth conditions, E. coli must initiate a new round of replication before the ongoing replication cycle is completed. The core of the HC model is the recipe to trace replication initiation backward by τcyc = C+D > τ minutes starting from cell division during overlapping cell cycles (Figure 1).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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153,237 |
EP was improved with PFI only when examining the absolute power output maintained during the TT; however, there were no differences between hydration strategies when considering the total performance time including the breaks to urinate and for the power output relative to body mass. Finally, physiological and perceptual differences were relatively trivial between conditions during the fixed-workload cycling exercise. These observations suggest that the ideal hydration strategy to be used by athletes may be situation-dependent. (1) Programmed fluid intake may be more advantageous for performance, whereas both hydration strategies may confer the same advantage during extensive training. (2) Having to stop to urinate may have serious consequences in terms of performance during competitions, whereas during training it is inconsequential. (3) Given the lack of difference in relative power output between drinking conditions, PFI may not be as advantageous as TDFI for a competition featuring an uphill finish or in activities where body mass carriage is important. Since the implementation of TDFI is easier than PFI, assessing the ability of an athlete to maintain proper fluid balance and EP with the former strategy may be a great starting point to determine the ideal hydration strategy for this athlete.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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212,000 |
From 2001 to 2012, Lake 658 sediments were sampled at 4 fixed sites up to 5 times per year. Sampling frequency was highest in 2001, with monthly sampling from May to September, and declined over the course of the study. Fixed sites were located at depths of 0.5, 2, 3 and 7 m. A sediment survey of up to 12 additional sites was also conducted once or twice each year. Survey sites were selected to represent the full range of water depths in both basins. Cores were collected by hand by divers, or by subsampling sediments collected using a small box corer. Cores were capped and returned to the field station for processing within a few hours. For each site, three separate cores were sectioned and composited in zipper lock bags for a 0- to 2-cm depth sampling horizon, and then frozen at −20 °C.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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376,009 |
Gereau, upon reading this through and pondering it, found that the Note added more confusion than clarity. His major fear was that it could be over-applied by people who did not want to think about things carefully. He saw potential for creating error and confusion and did not support it.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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322,057 |
The antibacterial activity of P. alvei MP1 cell-free precipitates with different ammonium sulfate saturation was qualitatively and quantitatively assessed by the presence or absence of inhibition zones as well as the determination of arbitrary unit per milliliter (AU/mL), defined as the reciprocal of the highest dilution showing a clear zone of growth inhibition, Table 2.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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7,814 |
The Barnes maze was used to evaluate hippocampal-dependent spatial learning in WldS mice after blast-induced TBI, with 25 animals per group. This task consists of a round table with equally spaced holes at its perimeter, one of which contains an escape cup. Mice are motivated to learn the location of the hole that houses the escape cup, so that they can enter the hole and hide in the cup to avoid exposure on the table. Testing was initiated 7 days after blast injury, beginning with 4 days of training in which mice were allowed to find and enter the escape hole and then rest in the protective cup. All mice, regardless of genotype or injury group, learned how to locate the platform more quickly over the course of the 4-day training period (Fig. 1A), indicating equal ability to learn in all four groups. On day 5, the probe test was conducted, in which the escape cup was removed and the ability of the mouse to remember the location of the cup was then assessed by measuring the amount of time the mouse spent in the area surrounding where the cup had been previously located. During the probe test, sham-injured wild-type animals spent ∼50% of their time in the escape area, defined as a 5-cm radius surrounding the escape hole (Fig. 1B). This indicates normal memory. There was no significant difference in performance in the probe test between sham-injured WldS mice and sham-injured wild-type littermate mice. In contrast, blast-injured wild-type mice spent only ∼20% of their time in the escape area (Fig. 1B; p < 0.0001 relative to sham-injury wild-type), indicating the expected degree of impaired memory after injury (Yin et al., 2014). No differences in this measure were seen between sham-injury and blast-injury WldS groups, in relation to each other or sham-injury wild-type mice. Importantly, both sham-injury and blast-injury WldS mice showed significantly greater time in the escape area than blast-injury wild-type mice, with ∼40% time in escape area for sham-injury WldS (p < 0.01 relative to sham-injury wild-type) and ∼43% time in escape area for blast-injury WldS (p < 0.0001 relative to sham-injury wild-type; Fig. 1B). This indicates that whereas the WldS mutation does not improve the animal’s memory under normal conditions, it does effectively block impairment in memory that is normally observed after blast injury. Importantly, none of the four groups differed in ability to physically participate in the task, as determined by comparable levels of average speed of locomotion and total distance traveled during the probe test (Fig 1C, D).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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68,039 |
After partitioning the filtered marker into linkage groups (LGs) based on their locations on the GREEN genome, we used the MLOD scores >5 between markers to confirm the robustness of markers for each LG. The HighMap strategy was utilized to order the SLAF markers and correct genotyping errors within LGs, in order to ensure the efficient construction of a high-density and high-quality map (Liu D.Y. et al., 2014). The LGs were constructed as follows: primary linkage phases were inferred from the recombinant frequencies and LOD scores, and the error correction strategy of SMOOTH (Van Os et al., 2005) was then conducted according to the parental contribution of genotypes, and missing genotypes were imputed with a k-nearest neighbor algorithm (Huang et al., 2012). In order to conduct an iterative process of marker ordering, three strategies of enhanced Gibbs sampling, spatial sampling, and simulated annealing algorithms were applied together (Jansen et al., 2001; Van Ooijen, 2011). The map density was further increased with skewed markers by applying the multipoint method of maximum likelihood. These processes were performed iteratively to ensure the accuracy of maker order and map distances. After 3–4 cycles, we can perform the next round of map building once a stable map order was obtained. All the currently unmapped markers were selected and added to the previous sample with decreased sample radius. The Kosambi mapping function (Kosambi, 1943) was used to estimate the map distances.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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90,939 |
Finally, 25 PLC patients, 44 HBP patients, and 50 DM patients were included in gan-shen Yin deficiency group and another 25 PLC patients, 50 HBP patients, and 50 DM patients were included in non-gan-shen Yin deficiency group according to the BCQ results. The anticoagulated blood (5 ml) was collected from all patients between 6:30 and 7:00 a.m. All the blood samples were used for PBMC isolation.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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173,168 |
Generally, activation led to a typical leveling-off of isometric force over time, but the time to reach maximum force increased as activation level decreased (see Figures 2A,B). Some experiments at the lowest activation levels (>25 mM BDM; > pCa 6.1) required up to 4 min to develop maximum isometric force. Therefore, we used relatively long isometric activations before SSCs in all trials. After each trial, the fibers were visually assessed for damage using a 10x dissection microscope. We excluded the data and terminated the experiment if fibers tore, or if the passive force of relaxed fibers changed after the SSC protocol by >5%. In the present study, 12/43 fiber bundles were discarded. To compare across different fiber bundles, force data (mN total force) were normalized to stress (mN*mm2) using standard methods (Hessel et al., 2019). Length data were normalized to strain using the initial length of 2.6 μm SL. Peak force and specific work were normalized to the fiber’s isometric force at pCa 4.2 (reference trial). In total, we collected contraction trials from 16 and 15 fiber bundles in BDM and pCa-controlled protocols, respectively.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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309,050 |
The ability to assess component-specific fidelity is a valuable means for providing empirical data to inform intervention adaptations targeted to different cultures and contexts. Information about component-specific fidelity can aid in the identification of essential program components that should be delivered with fidelity as well as supporting components that may be more suitable for adaptation to the local population (Carroll et al. 2007; Century et al. 2010; Durlak and DuPre 2008). Such data can also be used to determine the actual level of fidelity that is needed to foster positive outcomes and to identify situations where a more flexible degree of fidelity is suitable (Durlak and DuPre 2008; Nelson et al. 2012; Sanetti and Kratochwill 2009). Moreover, as efforts are made to continue identifying active program ingredients, component-specific fidelity measures such as the CLIFRS can be an important tool for supporting continued efforts to adapt interventions with both effectiveness and cultural relevance (Castro et al. 2004; Parra Cardona et al. 2012).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
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361,418 |
No perioperative death, esophageal rupture, massive hemorrhage, or other severe complications were observed during procedures. No intensive care was needed due to a worsening condition after the procedure. No necrosis due to negative pressure effects on the esophageal wall was observed after stent placement. Stent migration, the most common complication, was found in 9 patients, with a migration rate of 39.1% (9/23). Three patients showed stent restenosis, with a restenosis rate of 13.0% (3/23). All migrated or restenosed stents were adjusted or replaced for 1 to 3 times (median: 1.0 time). Migration of abscess drainage tube was found in 1 patient. The abscess drainage tube was adjusted or replaced for 0 to 6 times (median: 2 times).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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222,516 |
Recent work in mice links GRN to autophagy through the mTOR and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways (Zhou et al., 2019b). Work in yeast showed that AMPK alpha (AMPKα) phosphorylates Ulk1 to activate autophagy (Kim et al., 2011). Additionally, AMPKα regulates autophagosome formation and the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes (Jang et al., 2018). In HEK293T cells, the loss of AMPKα1 impairs autophagy during starvation (Jang et al., 2018). In mice, loss of Grn increases the expression of genes linked to lysosomal biogenesis, including Tfeb (Table 3) (Tanaka et al., 2014). Furthermore, Grn-deficient diabetic mice in high-glucose conditions display lowered phosphorylation of AMPKα and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I (CAMKI), which reduces autophagic initiation (Figure 2) (Zhou et al., 2019b). Increased levels of phosphorylated Akt are observed with GRN supplemented in C57BL/6 J mice diet, as well as a combined treatment of GRN and insulin, which demonstrates that autophagic signalling is affected under certain glucose conditions (Liu et al., 2015). In human podocytes, GRN-supplemented media causes differential phosphorylation of proteins linked to autophagosome formation including ULK1, VPS34, and BECN1 under high-glucose events (Figure 2) (Zhou et al., 2019b). GRN treatment also rescues the altered phosphorylation of AMPKα, mTOR, and p70S6K (Figure 2). Also in human podocytes, when either AMPKα1 or AMPKα2 are silenced, the restorative effects of exogenous GRN treatment on autophagy under glucose-rich conditions are lost, indicating that AMPKα1 and possibly AMPKα2 are the proteins that GRN induce its effects within autophagy (Zhou et al., 2019b). When GRN-lacking HeLa cells are treated with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, restorative effects of p62 accumulation reduction are observed (Altmann et al., 2016) Thus, loss of GRN affects autophagy by impacting phosphorylation in the AMPK pathway, which impacts autophagosome formation via VPS and ULK1.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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262,068 |
Experiments were performed in a glass stirred batch reactor (Vreactor = 3 L) where the liquid solution is maintained at room temperature (20 °C) using a cryothermostat (Figure 2). The ozone was continuously produced from a lab-grade pure oxygen tank by an ozone generator (BMT 803 N). Before diffusion in the reactor, the ozone was diluted with oxygen at a gas flow of 60 L h−1 and introduced through a porous diffuser at the bottom of the reactor. The gas ozone concentration ([O3]gas,in) was monitored after dehumidification by an ozone gas analyzer (BMT 964). The impact of pre-ozonation on NF process was investigated for 30 min reaction contact time, and the dissolved ozone dose (TOD) was determined using indigo method .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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280,003 |
We conducted an experiment to assess the roles of sEVs and miR‐494-3p in tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis in an animal model. Here, we used a syngeneic Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) model. miR-494-3p was abundantly expressed in sEVs derived from LLC cells (Fig. 8A). Intravenous administration of sEVs derived from LLC cells into LLC-bearing mice significantly increased tumor growth and weight, and the expression level of miR-494-3p in serum sEVs, whereas treatment with the miR-494-3p inhibitor suppressed these effects (Fig. 8B–E); however, the miR‐494-3p inhibitor did not affect the body weight (Fig. 8F). Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the expression levels of CD-31 and PTPN12 in tumor tissues were significantly increased in the group treated with sEVs, whereas these levels were significantly decreased in the group treated with the miR-494-3p inhibitor (Fig. 8G). The number of lung surface metastases was not significantly increased in the group treated with sEVs (Fig. 8H); however, H&E staining of lung tissues revealed that the size of lung metastases was significantly increased in the group treated with sEVs (Fig. 8I, J). Furthermore, we examined the therapeutic potential of the miR-494-3p inhibitor in a xenograft model of NCI-H226 human lung cancer cells. Intra-tumoral administration of miR‐494-3p inhibitor had no effect on body weight; however, it significantly suppressed the growth of NCI-H226 xenograft and decreased the expression levels of PTPN12 and CD31 in xenograft tumors, as compared with that in the control (Supplementary Fig. S8). Collectively, these data indicate that miR-494-3p in sEVs may play a pivotal role in tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis in vivo by targeting PTPN12.Fig. 8sEVs promote tumor growth of lung cancer cells, while miR-494-3p inhibitor suppresses it in vivo animal model.A The expression level of miR-494-3p in sEVs derived from Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LCC) determined by real-time qPCR analysis (n = 3). B C57BL/6 mice were subcutaneouly injected with LLC (106 cells) into the right flank. When tumors reached a size of ~100 mm3, mice were intravenously injected with control miRNA (NC), sEVs derived from LLC plus NC, and sEVs derived from LLC plus miR-494-3p inhibitor (IN) every 3 or 4 days for 2 weeks. Mean ± SEM of tumor volume was shown (n = 6). C–F Tumor volume (C), tumor weight (D), the expression level of miR-494-3p in serum sEVs (E), and body weight (F) at the end of experiment (n = 6). G Tumor sections immunostained with anti-CD31 antibody and anti-PTPN12 antibody. Representative sections were taken from tumor tissue treated with control miRNA (NC), sEVs derived from LLC plus NC, and sEVs derived from LLC plus miR-494-3p inhibitor (IN). H The number of pulmonary surface metastases in the group treated with with control miRNA (NC), sEVs derived from LLC plus NC, and sEVs derived from LLC plus miR-494-3p inhibitor (IN). I, J Histological examination of pulmonary metastases. The size of metastatic foci more than 500 μm at longest diameter (I) and representative images of H&E-stained lung tissues (J). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. K Working model of oncogenic Ras/syntenin-1 axis in regulating sEV-mediated tumor progression in lung cancer.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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307,198 |
As we mentioned above, isobolography is a very precise method; however, it is not used very often to examine the types of interactions in cancer-related studies. Rather, simple correlations between the investigated compounds are presented, where only a few randomly chosen doses are selected . So far, no studies determining the activity of PAX and AGK2 have been published.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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215,468 |
Another aspect of the data that seemed incomplete is the lack of additional detail on the C2 domain. Figure 1D illustrates significant binding of venestatin to the C2 domain of RAGE (p<0.01), but this was not further explored. Was this binding also calcium-dependent? Including data for C2 in Figure 1F would be interesting and may add to the discussion point on the pathology induced by V domain interactions.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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338,647 |
Wing length (a proxy of body size) exhibited noticeable effects on the abundance of lice infesting nestlings in case of D. rufa, while C. subzerafae was seemingly unaffected by the size of the nestlings (see Table 2; Figs. 1 and 2). These two lice belong to different suborders that exhibit different evasion mechanisms to reduce mortality due to host defences. Amblycerans, like C. subzerafae, often avoid preening by running swiftly in the plumage, and also on the skin surface. Contrarily, ischnocerans—like D. rufa—can hide and attach themselves to particular topographic refugia in the host plumage (Johnson and Clayton 2003). The two suborders tend to rely on different diets as well. Ischnocerans mostly graze feather barbules, while amblycerans also chew skin fragments and consume blood. Consequently, ischnocerans probably rely more heavily on host plumage than amblycerans (Johnson and Clayton 2003). Our findings corroborate this hypothesis as D. rufa possibly postpones infestation of nestlings until the juvenile plumage is well developed.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
178,743 |
Parsing private protocols. CAN bus is widely equipped in modern vehicles and CAN specifications are regulated as open standards . However, the contents of IDENTIFIER and DATA FIELD contained in CAN frames are privately defined. Each vehicle manufacturer has its own specifications. Private protocols of CAN messages might be parsed by black-box means (parsing and verification) or gray-box means (ECU firmware reverse) . There exist few detailed mechanisms on parsing CAN private protocols in the literature. Miller and Valasek sketched their methods for parsing CAN private protocols and the corresponding CAN message injection techniques , but they did not illustrate the details of parsing steps for any given vehicle.
| 2 | 2other
| 1Other
|
284,235 |
The primary study objective was to describe the effectiveness of ranibizumab and subsequent treatment in DME patients with impaired VA in clinical settings. This was evaluated by assessing mean change in best-corrected VA (BCVA) in logarithmic minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) from baseline to month 12.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
56,420 |
The feeling of understanding others’ subjective experiences typically arise while interacting with them in the second person. Taking the intuition that second-person and aesthetic experience share a common basis in empathy at face value, the present article examines the role of empathy for aesthetic experience from a theoretical, interdisciplinary perspective that merges insights from psychology, philosophy, phenomenology, and neuroscience within the dynamic framework. Claiming that aesthetic experience depends on moving with and being moved by the artwork, the aim is to explain aesthetic experience in terms of the processes that cause it to unfold by presenting a series of empirically well-grounded hypotheses about the relational dynamics between viewer and artwork.
| 4 | 2other
| 2Review
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255,758 |
Under normal conditions, there were no significant differences in the MDA content and REC between the WT and transgenic wheat leaves. After 10 days of drought stress, the MDA content of the RNAi lines [TaNRX1-RNAi-6 (24.3 μmol/g), TaNRX1-RNAi-8 (20.8 μmol/g), and TaNRX1-RNAi-9 (24.4 μmol/g)] was the highest, followed by the WT (14.0 μmol/g). The MDA content of the OE lines [TaNRX1-OE-1 (9.3 μmol/g), TaNRX1-OE-3 (7.9 μmol/g), and TaNRX1-OE-6 (8.7 μmol/g)] was the lowest, with significant differences in the WT and transgenic wheat lines. Changes in REC and MDA content showed similar results (Figures 7A,B).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
45,719 |
To understand the dynamics that controls the initiation of recurrent tumour growth, in this paper we investigate, using quantitative models, how surgical removal of the tumour affects its delayed recurrence. In particular, we aim to identify key parameters of tumour cell populations that determine how much the progression of cancer can be delayed by surgical resection. We show that a density dependent proliferation of the cancer cells , particularly at low cell densities, has a key impact on predicting the time until tumour recurrence.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
78,929 |
Five T-cell populations were sorted for TRA repertoire analysis on day 11 following OVA-IFA immunization from draining LNs of individual mice: Tfr (CD4+CXCR5+PD-1+Foxp3+); Tfh (CD4+CXCR5+PD-1+Foxp3−); Treg (CD4+CXCR5−PD-1−Foxp3+); activated CD4+ T (Tact: CD4+CXCR5−PD-1−Foxp3−CD44+); and non-activated CD4+ T (Tconv: CD4+CXCR5−PD-1−Foxp3−CD44−) cells (Supplementary Fig. 2d). TRA gene was then specifically amplified and sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq platform. To perform an unbiased analysis, 9,000 TCR sequences were randomly selected from each data set per sample (9,000 being the lowest number of TCR sequences identified on a sample).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
297,738 |
The average score of the CSQ-8 was 31 (SD = 1.5). Participants answered the two short-answer questions on the CSQ-8 . Answers to the short-form questions reinforced what the participants had endorsed in the prior quantitative questions. Their responses were transcribed. From their project evaluations, two themes emerged. First, many of the participants were socially isolated, and the group walks offered a way to connect to others who had similar lived experiences. One participant stated, “Me dieron vida”, which translates to, “You gave me life”, when talking about the effect that the intervention had during a time of quarantine and social distancing. Another participant explained that what he liked most about the program was “meeting other people like me…walking with my group, they were all very friendly.” An additional participant went a step further saying, “We have all become friends and know that we can count on each other.”
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
|
163,127 |
The participants and data reported in this paper is part of a wider participatory action research project examining young people’s uses of health-related social media, and from the perspectives of young people (see Goodyear and Armour 2019). In the main project, data were collected from 1346 young people (age 13–18) and was carried out in 10 UK schools, and across 12 classes (4 mixed gender, 3 boys, and 5 girl only classes). The schools were representative of different school types in the UK,1 where of the 10 schools, 2 were private, 3 were state and 5 were academies, 2 of which were faith schools. Furthermore, the schools were located in diverse socio-economic areas and included students from a range of Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic groups. In the research project, social media was used by the majority of the young people (99%), and was defined broadly by the young people to include social networking (e.g. Instagram, Facebook, SnapChat), media sharing (e.g. YouTube), discussion networks (e.g. WhatsApp), and bookmarking (e.g. Pinterest) forms of social media. From this larger project we can also conclude that young people were critical prosumers of social media and its contents. For example, over half of the young people in the study actively looked for health information on social media (53%) to inform their knowledge, skills and behaviours related to physical activity, diet and body image, and many of the young people reported that they would swipe past content if it was deemed irrelevant to their bodies (57%). For further details about the wider project please see Goodyear and Armour (2019).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
263,680 |
Asthma has been shown to be associated with reduced clot retraction by approximately 50%, as demonstrated in a whole blood assay using repetitive photographs and evaluation via an imaging program . In systemic lupus erythematodes, another inflammatory disease, clot retraction is decreased . When the causal anti-dsDNA antibodies were applied to platelets from healthy probands, a clot retraction inhibition was observed, suggesting an autoantibody-mediated mechanism.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
339,805 |
A total of 810 studies were identified from multiple database search. As a result of the study selection procedure (see Figure 1), 33 studies comprising 41 effect sizes (n = 8747) were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis (see Table 1). From the studies included in the meta-analyses, 26 were published in peer-reviewed papers and seven were published in doctoral theses. These were conducted between 1995 and 2020. The instruments employed for the assessment of MEB were the Commitment Exercise Scale (CES; K = 12), Compulsive Exercise Test (CET; K = 6), Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised (EDS-R; K = 10), and Obligatory Exercise Questionnaire (OEQ; K = 13). The instruments employed for the assessment of MEB were the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ; K = 14), Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI; K = 4), Eating Disorders Inventory-2 (EDI-2; K = 16), Eating Disorders Inventory-3 (EDI-3; K = 1), Body Dissatisfaction Subscale of the Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory (EPSI; K = 1), Male Body Attitudes Scale (MBAS; K = 4), and Body Areas Satisfaction Subscale of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ-AS; K = 1). A total of 18 studies reported that their samples comprised regular exercisers whereas 23 studies did not report information on this matter. The mean age and BMI of the participants included in the samples retrieved in the present meta-analyses, respectively, ranged from 13.02 to 36.00 years (Mage = 23.66, SDage = 7.19) and from 19.30 to 25.49 kg/m2 (MBMI = 22.58, SDBMI = 1.42).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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60,730 |
The spinal dorsal horn is organized into laminae I–VI, where peripheral inputs are received from different types of fibers: Aβ, Aδ, and C (Rexed, 1952). To clarify the participation of BEGAIN in abnormal pain transmission, we analyzed the localization of BEGAIN in these laminae by performing immunohistochemistry using anti-BEGAIN antibody. BEGAIN was detected in the superficial area of the spinal dorsal horn in WT mice but not in BEGAIN-KO mice (Fig. 4A). BEGAIN was colocalized with an IB4 lectin-binding nonpeptidergic population (Fig. 4Ba,Be), which targets the dorsal part of lamina IIi (Fig. 4C). PKCγ was concentrated in the ventral part of laminae IIi and IIIo (Fig. 4C; Polgár et al., 1999; Neumann et al., 2008). BEGAIN was highly concentrated in the IB4-positive area (Fig. 4Bd,Be); however, its signal was also detected in the PKCγ-positive area (Fig. 4Dd,De, arrowheads), where myelinated fibers terminate (Fig. 4C). These results indicate that BEGAIN-positive neurons may receive not only nociceptive but also innocuous stimuli from primary afferent fibers. On the other hand, the localization of IB4 and PKCγ in the spinal dorsal horn was not affected in BEGAIN-KO mice compared with WT mice (Fig. 4Bb,Db,E).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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348,166 |
Therefore, considering the study limitations related to the small sample size, we should concede that we selected a population at low risk of malignancy to compare the three algorithms, with a lower incidence of positive biopsies (1.1%) compared to postmenopausal women, but this data is consistent with the prevalence reported in literature .
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
108,011 |
As internal or external stimuli that challenge a person, stressors elicit changes in mood (e.g., increased negative affect), behavior (e.g., increased arousal and vigilance), and physiological function (e.g., increased neuroendocrine and cardiovascular reactivity ). Acutely, these changes can be beneficial for dealing with the stressful situation at hand, but, over time, alterations in stress-related systems can contribute to allostatic load, or detrimental wear and tear on the body . For example, increased activation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis (e.g., cortisol) and cardiovascular system (e.g., heart rate and blood pressure) collectively can improve blood flow, oxygenation, energy availability, and immune function to help an individual meet the demands of a stressor in the short term . However, when the magnitude or duration of physiological stress responding is excessive (e.g., impaired recovery), it contributes to allostatic load, manifested as an increased risk for the development or progression of diseases and disorders, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, depression, and anxiety .
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
97,007 |
This collaboration was pursued. We identified major histocompatibility complex 1 (MHCI) as the microglial surface antigen to which autoantibodies are directed in AD patients. ELISAs were established using two distinct forms of MHCI as the antigen. One form was HLA.A*0201, the most commonly expressed form of MHCI in humans, whilst rat RT1.Al was also used to provide a more direct comparison with the rat brain cross-sections previously employed for immunocytochemistry. Data was analyzed by constructing receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. When the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from the cohort of 20 patients with Alzheimer's disease and the 20 individuals without Alzheimer's disease were tested on the newly developed ELISA platform there was a clear and statistically significant association between the presence of anti-MHC1 antibodies and the presence of Alzheimer's disease. Using RT1.A as the antigen in the ELISA, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.756 (p=0.0004) and when using HLA-A*0201 as the antigen the AUC was 0.705 (p=0.0071). The ROC curve analysis suggested that for the CSF we have a new ELISA test that is at best good at distinguishing AD patients from controls (Figure 1). This test should be studied not only in patients with Alzheimer's disease but also in other groups of patients such as those classified as MCI. Further work is in progress to establish an ELISA test for serum MgAbs.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
80,651 |
However, the complication that causes a great long term discomfort to the patients is sensorial disturbances of the lingual and/or the mandibular nerve. In the present study these kind of complications occurred in 12.7% of the patients. This is similar to the results of Cordaro et al. (2011) . However, Nkenke et al. (2002), Raghoebar et al. (2007) and Khoury and Hanser (2015) reported lower postoperative sensory disturbances , , . Nevertheless, the sensorial disturbances in our study were only temporary in all patients and never lasted longer than 3 months. Other studies show comparable results subject to the nerve rehabilitation with duration of no longer than 3–5 months , , . One study reported re-sensation after 12 months .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
361,993 |
Sex differences in metabolic pathways may contribute to sex differences in cancer development, progression, and treatment response. During development and throughout adulthood, males and females utilize nutrients differently. Males favor carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, while females favor fatty acid metabolism. Furthermore, female mitochondria produce less ROS despite their higher mitochondrial activity. These fundamental sex differences in nutrient utilization and mitochondrial activity may contribute to sex differences in metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells, which is important during cancer development, cancer progression, and response to anti-cancer treatment. This schematic focuses on metabolic pathways that are known to be sexually dimorphic and important in cancer. Metabolic pathways, metabolites, and metabolic enzymes shown in blue or pink are known to be higher in males or females respectively
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
4,370 |
As its attractive characteristics such as efficiency, power density, torque-to-inertia ratio, reliability, etc., the application of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) on inertial stabilized platforms have been paid more and more attention. Usually, an airborne inertial stabilization photoelectric platform is equipped with visible or infrared cameras, and if we want to obtain stable and clear images, the stability of the platform must be high enough. However, due to the influence of inherent factors, such as the cogging torque of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, the torque ripples caused by the motor during operation seriously affects the performance of the motor. The torque ripples will also produce noise when the servo system is running at high speed and even cause the system to vibrate mechanically at low speed .
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
53,213 |
Test-retest reliability of dHOFC in the two high-level cognition-related functional systems. We selected the fronto-parietal task control network and salience network as examples of the high-level functional system. (A) Averaged dHOFC matrix; (B) ICC matrix for all dHOFC links; (C) ICC matrix for the dHOFC links with fair or better reliability (ICC > 0.2). The order of dHOFC links in the matrices is rearranged according to the types of the “hypernodes” (where a hypernode represents a dynamic link between two brain regions). If the hypernode consists of two brain regions that are both from the fronto-parietal task control network, we call it “intraFPN” hypernode and re-order them into the first 136 (136 = 17 × 16/2) columns of the dHOFC matrix. We further re-group the 105 (105 = 15 × 14/2) hypernodes which consist of two brain regions both from the salience network (intraSN) and put them after the intraFPN hypernodes. At last, we put all the remaining 255 (255 = 17 × 15) hypernodes (consisting of one region from FPN and the other from SN, thus called inter-network “FPN-SN” hypernodes) after the intraSN hypernodes. In this way, the dHOFC matrix is rearranged. According to different types of hypernodes, there are also three different types of (dHOFC) hyperlinks. Among them, the “within-FPN” (with both hypernodes being intraFPN nodes) and “within-SN” (with both hypernodes being intraSN nodes) are both indicated by black arrows; the between-network dHOFC hyperlinks (named here as “intraFPN-intraSN,” with one hypernode from intraFPN and another from intraSN) are indicated by the red arrows; and all the remaining dHOFC hyperlinks are named as “modulatory” dHOFC (with at least one hypernode belonging to the “FPN-SN” type) as indicated by the green arrows.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
212,726 |
GSEA was conducted based on the well-established gene sets of c2.cp.kegg.v7.2.symbols.gmt and c5.all.v7.2.symbols.gmt in GSEA 4.0 software. ssGSEA was used to transform the 29 immune signatures into scores for each glioma sample (Subramanian et al., 2005; Bindea et al., 2013; Zhou et al., 2020). Additionally, the CIBERSORT deconvolution algorithm was performed to evaluate the immune infiltration of 22 tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TILs) (Newman et al., 2015). The TIL signatures were downloaded from CIBERSORT (https://cibersortx.stanford.edu/). Relevant R packages were obtained from Bioconductor (http://bioconductor.org/) and CRAN (http://cran.r-project.org/). The bioinformatics analyses were conducted using R software.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
121,535 |
Five microliters of lavage were seeded in BHI plates (pH 7.4, HIMEDIA) and incubated for 24 h at 37°C. The technique used was the pour plate, thus facilitating the quantitation of colonies formed after culture. The CFU quantification was performed with the aid of a colony counter (CP-600 Plus, Phoenix, Brazil).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
6,796 |
Glycoconjugate vaccines. Immunogenicity of polysaccharides is enhanced by covalent conjugation with a carrier protein. Glycoconjugate vaccines have been developed for Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Unlike T-cell-independent B-cell activation by non-conjugated polysaccharide antigens, glycoconjugate vaccines have the potential to induce both B- and T-cell memory and produce a stronger and highly functional IgG response through antibody class switching 160.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
360,578 |
TGA analysis was performed to understand the effect of different loadings of St-Mg-Al LDH on the thermal stability of PBS. The TGA and DTG thermograms obtained for PBS/St-Mg-Al LDH composites are shown in Figure 3. It is evident from the figure that the presence of St-Mg-Al LDH has reduced the thermal stability of PBS irrespective of filler loading. For all the samples, the prime decomposition was found to be in the temperature range 300–450 °C.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
273,573 |
(A, B) Representative immunohistochemical staining of RIP1, RIP3, and pMLKL in the synovia of non-OA rats (WT), vehicle-treated MIA-induced OA rats, and GLME-treated MIA-induced OA rats. (C) The levels of mRNAs encoding necroptotic marker genes (as revealed by real-time PCR) in human OA chondrocytes treated with IL-1β (20 ng/mL) and then co-cultured with GLME or celecoxib. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 compared to the vehicle-treated group.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
228,401 |
Total mRNA was obtained from HepG2 cells using the TRIzol reagent, and cDNA was obtained using a cDNA synthesis kit. The primer sequences are listed in Table 1. According to the manufacturer’s protocol, Q-PCR was performed in a real-time PCR system. The 2−ΔΔCT method was used for quantitative analysis, and results were normalized with β-actin.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
198,425 |
For patients with resected primary GIST, the cost-effectiveness of 1- vs. 3-year adjuvant imatinib 400 mg/day treatment after resection was compared in two studies (40, 41) based on the data of SSGXVIII/AIO clinical trial (19). They found that 3-year adjuvant therapy was associated with increased costs and QALYs, thus resulting in ICER at $74,792/QALY (40) and $49,894/QALY (41), respectively. Both studies concluded that 3-year adjuvant therapy was a cost-effective treatment option under the WTP threshold.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
111,871 |
So far, retrospective studies have shown that the newly developed haplo-transplantation procedures can provide similar or sometimes better survivals when compared to transplants using sibling, matched or one antigen mismatched (9/10) unrelated donors or cord blood (CB) as stem cell source [20–27]. This seems to be also the case when considering the use of PTCY for matched vs haplo-identical donors, as shown recently . Although our study was not designed to compare long-term outcomes, relapse and death rates were similar between both groups.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
378,917 |
Patients with symptomatic carcinoid syndrome diarrhea can experience a high frequency of bowel movements (BMs), with one study reporting 5.0 ± 2.7 diarrhea episodes per day in 40 patients, prior to their initiation of somatostatin analog (SSA) therapy . Diarrhea seriously impacts quality of life for these patients; 30% of patients will continue to have debilitating symptoms despite initiation of SSA therapy, while more will lose responsiveness to SSA therapy at indicated doses [2–4].
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
379,910 |
To study the effect of solar irradiance on the mound geometry and thermal performance, the irradiance ratio (I~) is changed between 0 and 150. This range accounts for cases with no or small (Ic=0−175 W m−2), mild (Ic = 350 W m−2) and strong (Ic = 700 W m−2) solar irradiances typical at the region of northern Namibia throughout the year, and for mature and small mounds that produce 50 and 4.7 W of metabolic heat . Values of wind speed and zenith angle were fixed to the typical values of Outjo, Namibia (u0 = 1.38 (m s−1), χ = 19°).
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
339,448 |
Following convention of prior reviews and meta-analyses5,8,21–23,27, we included studies using a wide range of study paradigms. To estimate and control for differences between studies, we first categorized each contrast based on whether they were obtained via resting-state or task-based paradigms. We then categorized task-based paradigms into cognitive tasks, affective tasks, tasks involving pain, and other tasks (e.g., motor tasks). Based on both convention in the field and descriptions provided within each study, all tasks reported by studies could be categorized into one of the four categories. For instance, Tower of London Test, Go/No-Go Task, N-Back Task, and Continuous Performance Task were categorized as cognitive tasks. Examples of affective tasks include viewing pictures with negative valence, matching emotional faces, and tasks inducing social rejection. Given an insufficient number of coordinates reported from tasks other than cognitive and affective tasks, they could not be meta-analyzed as a separate category. Therefore, separate analyses were only conducted for cognitive and affective tasks. Even though it was our original intention to code for specific tasks (e.g., Stroop task, Iowa Gambling Tasks) and to test whether they moderate the findings, we were unable conduct such analyses due to heterogeneity in the literature. Despite the fact that non-neuroimaging meta-analyses have analyzed these tasks when there were at least three studies using the same task55, guidelines suggest a minimum of 20 experiments in each category for coordinate-based meta-analyses28. As such, we were unable to produce finer-grained categorizations.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
5,028 |
A volume of 50 μl of the samples was stained with modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique, according to Casemore et al. . The samples were observed under a microscope at 1000x magnification and measured by using Cell∧D software (Olympus). Cryptosporidium oocysts appeared as pinkish red, almost spherical and measured 4–6μm . Cyclospora oocysts appeared light clear pink to deep red, containing granules or bubbly appearance, and measured 8–10 μm . The samples were observed twice to prevent errors. The results were compared with the image gallery by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
363,567 |
Psychostimulants, including cocaine and methamphetamine, are the illicit drugs most commonly used by childbearing women, though no recent estimate of their consumption during pregnancy is known. Despite their well-described neurotoxic effects on central nervous system (CNS) development, only very few studies have addressed the negative neurobehavioral sequalae on human offspring, particularly when gender is included as an additional biological variable (Table 1 and Figure 1).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
140,173 |
An emerging branch of the immunotherapy arsenal uses gene therapy to engineer and optimize T lymphocytes with a novel chimeric antigen receptor. These chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR T cells) are a game-changer in the treatment of various hematological malignancies such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) . CAR T cells consist of patient autologous T cells, engineered in vitro with a lentiviral vector allowing them to stably express a chimeric receptor capable of recognizing tumor cells in an MHC-independent manner while simultaneously activating the T cell and triggering its degranulation . This chimeric receptor combines an extracellular portion consisting of an immunoglobulin variable domain fragment (scFv) specific for a surface epitope expressed on the tumor cells with a cytoplasmic portion made of activation and costimulatory domains of key proteins involved in T-cell activation such as CD3, 4-1BB, OX40, or CD28 . These features enable CAR T cells to overcome some of the immunosuppressive cues present in the tumor microenvironment.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
261,428 |
Joubert syndrome represents a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis, skeletal abnormalities, retinal dystrophy, and renal anomalies. TALPID3 is mutated in patients with Joubert syndrome 23, which specifically show hydrocephaly, short-rib thoracic dysplasia 14 with polydactyly, and other skeletal malformations53. Our data that TALPID3 is required for osteoblastogenesis and possibly, chondrogenesis can be consistent with human data. From a cilia-centric point of view however, it appears that Joubert syndrome 23 and microcephaly may be mediated by diametrically opposite mechanisms, as Joubert Syndrome 23 is caused by loss of cilia, while microcephaly may be caused by abnormally long cilia. Considering that both NDE1 and TALPID3 have a positive effect on Hedgehog signaling, both diseases seem to share a common defect to maintain a certain level of Hedgehog activity despite cilia being structurally very different.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
101,868 |
As is evident from the results displayed in Figure 3, there are significant qualitative differences between the shapes of the HU distributions of the healthy, elderly, and pathological subjects. The curve of the healthy subject exhibits a definitively high-amplitude muscle peak and a comparatively blunted fat peak, whereas the fat and muscle components in the elderly subject's curve are decidedly the opposite in appearance. Contrastingly, the pathological subject elicited a distribution with heavily skewed fat and muscle peaks which were likewise closer together and shifted towards negative HU values.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
133,783 |
The identification of unique customer identification in terms of watermark data is known as fingerprinting F. This technique aims to protect the copyright and piracy of digital property from illegal distribution. It ensures effectiveness, particularly while passing out the process from attacker channels. Fingerprinting covers a wide variety of data formats used in various application areas . This includes images audio video , software , XML documents , geographic information system, relational database etc. Fingerprinting ensures a security check to track the guilty traitor by embedding different fingerprints in each user relational database. Despite the growing popularity of cloud computing, security, privacy, and portability issues commonly exist in a relational database and other multimedia contents on the cloud environment. Security concerns are too demanding issues that create hurdles in the fast acceptance of the cloud for a relational database with a secure and shareable environment for on-demand service at the demand level of individual interests.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
265,091 |
A letter containing a detailed list of your responses to all review comments, and a description of the changes you have made in the manuscript. Please note while forming your response, if your article is accepted, you may have the opportunity to make the peer review history publicly available. The record will include editor decision letters (with reviews) and your responses to reviewer comments. If eligible, we will contact you to opt in or out
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
191,104 |
TMDLs continued to be a major regulatory issue in the 2000s and both conventional and toxic chemicals were of concern as illustrated from the results of the 1998 303(d) list of impaired waters (Figure 10). As part of the TMDL process, states were required to identify waterbodies not meeting water quality criteria, report those to the USEPA and Congress, establish a priority ranking and the perform TMDLs for those waterbodies and chemicals of concern. During this decade, given the large number of impairments, TMDLs became a major focus for many regulatory agencies.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
386,340 |
When considering the results of this study, one limitation to consider is that the patients were treated by different practitioners. As a result, possible practitioner-dependent influencing factors need to be considered. On the other hand, multiple practitioners minimize the influence of possible bias regarding clinical decision making by one practitioner. Further, this approach has been used in previous studies and corresponds to common practice . To minimize any influence from the respective practitioner, a standardized treatment procedure was selected for the fabrication of both types of denture. As a result, the study only included dentures that had been fabricated in accordance with the relevant manufacturer specifications.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
328,693 |
Another limitation is the relatively large amount of missing data, especially regarding the calculation of the sum scores. On average, the data of only 13 participants could be used for the calculation of sum scores and thus further analysis. The reason for the missing data was twofold. First, the participants with more severe limitations were not able to perform all the measurements correctly, for example, since they were not able to maintain the starting position during strength measurements. Second, we adapted the measurement protocol to include both arms instead of one arm after measuring two participants because we saw large variability between the left and right hand for those participants.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
380,183 |
The ward and ICU occupancy forecasts were based on our early understanding of the dynamics, informed by occupancy data available at the time (shown as black dots). Noting that Australian data on ward/ICU length-of-stay and delay from symptom onset to admission were not available at the time. The occupancy data were updated retrospectively where complete data were available (red crosses) – providing a different perspective on the underlying dynamics. However, the model still provides a reasonable estimate of the projected ward and ICU occupancy over the two-week forecast period, in particular both forecasts capture the observed trend. We now use these updated data on hospitalisation, as well as age-structured information on hospital length-of-stay and symptom-onset-to-admission in the Australian context, in our ongoing occupancy forecasts.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
131,482 |
The barrier for the TSH mechanism can vary from 230 to 600 meV due to local environment changes during lithiation. At x ~ 0.5, Li diffusion dips due to the ordering reaction in agreement with experiment . When a larger amount of Li (0.5 > x in LixCoO2) is removed from the compound, a large decrease in the c-lattice parameter is observed experimentally and from first-principles . Such lattice contraction increases the activation barrier significantly because it creates a smaller tetrahedron height and shorter distance between the activated Li+ and the Co3+/4+ ion. The larger positive charge on Co when the compound is more oxidized also contributes to an increase of the energy in the activated state. As a result, the activation barrier increases by hundreds of meV when delithiation increases past 0.5 Li . While the precise behavior of the c-lattice parameter and slab spacing in NMC materials depends on the specific chemistry, the overall behavior is similar to LiCoO2.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
5,682 |
Several pro-inflammatory factors have been found to be related to the progress of periodontitis15, 16, such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. In experimental models, the higher expression of HMGB1 combined with IL-1β and TNF-α results in alveolar bone loss in periodontitis12.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
385,624 |
In the initial coding scheme, codes described various SRL and CRL behaviours such as the formulation of learning goals, asking for feedback and feedback reception, and details of the significant others with whom students engaged in CRL processes. Also included were factors related to and influencing the development of SRL such as the phase of clinical training. Coding frameworks were compared and discussed until consensus was reached. DB used the coding scheme to code transcripts 4‐11, continuously refining the coding framework through constant comparison and discussion of findings with the research team. The research team subsequently categorised codes and identified relationships between themes through axial coding. During the final stage of analysis, the research team used selective coding to develop theory about the influence of CRL on students’ SRL development. To facilitate this process, DB constructed concept maps, presenting themes, sub‐themes and their relationships, which were used during research team meetings to guide theory development. DB furthermore captured reflections, ideas and interpretations in memos throughout the data analysis. Data analysis was supported by the qualitative research software atlas.ti (ATLAS.ti Scientific Software Development GmbH, Berlin, Germany).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
77,669 |
Many fruit crops are perennial, long-lived plants. Once planted, these trees and bushes remain stationary while the surrounding ecosystem is dynamic. When a polyphagous pest such as D. suzukii arrives in a perennial agroecosystem, growers need responsive management strategies to protect their crops. Understanding how non-crop areas adjacent to commercial fruit crops can affect infestation risk throughout the fruiting season can help to inform management. This current study complements other studies that assessed non-crop host use at snapshot or periodic intervals (e.g., ). Focusing on a fine-scale, season-long, multiyear, non-crop host sampling in various cropping systems may provide a better sense of how D. suzukii use alternative non-crop hosts as a function of time of year and host availability.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
233,512 |
Representative pairs of images (left, white light; right, green fluorescence) of adult atf-4p(uORF)::GFP reporter worms (LD1499) after 7 h (bottom left 2 panels) and 24 h (bottom right 2 panels) of infection with D. coniospora, or aged matched non-infected worms (NI, top 4 panels). Scale bar, 200 μm.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
197,148 |
Decision tree prediction model was generated using the Group A training dataset. Out of the 19 variables entered into the model, miR-142-3p and miR-1274b were identified as key variables in the prediction process. Specifically, these two miRNAs correctly predicted 100% of the Group A training dataset.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
255,099 |
Secondly, good relationships and skilled support from clinicians who convey hope regarding long—term improvement in CEN are seen as central throughout pathways through the mental health care system. Service users tend to value highly clinicians who have the right skills to create safe spaces in individual and group treatment and manage exploration of challenging topics such as self-harm and trauma. Across the included studies, clinicians with the necessary skills and values seemed to be mainly found in specialist services, with at times appalling descriptions of lack of understanding and hopefulness, and stigmatising attitudes and behaviour elsewhere in primary and secondary mental health care. Addressing this appears central to achieving good practice, whether by designing pathways so that people with CEN normally receive care throughout from people with some specialist understanding of their condition, and/or by large-scale programmes to improve attitudes towards and understanding of CEN across the healthcare system. Stepped care models, in which some service users receive CEN interventions within generic services, are often advocated as a way of meeting needs of people with CEN across the care system. The success of such models is likely to require attitudes to CEN in generic services to be much more positive than has tended to be described in the current review . Given the centrality of therapeutic relationships in recovery, service users also often advocated for a choice of therapist, but this seemed to be offered relatively rarely. Peer support appears, from the studies, reviewed to be an area with considerable scope for innovation: the mutual acceptance and understanding and sense of belonging available from peers is experienced as very helpful and validating, especially as loneliness appears to be a core difficulty in CEN. There were few accounts of harnessing this potential beyond therapeutic groups, although it seems to be a significant potential component of good practice .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
114,615 |
A total of 19 Caucasian patients with BD were included in the study sample (5 males, 14 females, median age of 37.5 years, interquartile range (IQR): 24.3–51.2 years). 15 patients were in clinical remission while 4 patients had evidence of active disease. Baseline characteristics of the study population are reported in Tables 1 and 2. There were no statistically significant differences between cases and the control group with regard to age, sex, and time of blood draw. Disease duration varied between 0.25 and 30 years (mean: 8.07 years).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
283,447 |
To evaluate the rating scale, we determined cut-off values in advance. By using the questionnaire rating scale of 1 to 6, we determined 4.51 as the cut-off value for identifying clearly positive answers. Terms scoring a mean value greater than or equal to 4.51 were classified as known/familiar or important, and terms with a mean value of less than 4.51, as less known/familiar or less important. For subgroup analyses, total scores were calculated according to gender, age, and level of education. The two age groups were created by using the cutoff determined by the median age of 27 years, and the level of education was defined as academic or non-academic
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
371,585 |
Serological surveys of archival cases in New Zealand suggested an estimated WPD prevalence of 30% in the free-living possum population . Sporadic cases and rare outbreaks of WPD have been reported in mainland Australia and Tasmania based on similar clinical presentations, histopathologic changes and exclusion of differential diagnoses such as trauma, bacterial infection, haemorrhage from rodenticide ingestion, Angiostrongylus cantonensis or Toxoplasma gondii infection. Previous investigations diagnosed WPD in 21 of 31(68%) brushtail possums with neurological dysfunction in the Sydney basin, New South Wales, between October 1998 and June 2010 . Although a viral aetiology for mainland Australian WPD has been suspected, a causative agent has not been established and there is considerable uncertainty surrounding the microbial causes, potential transmission routes, carrier states, and other elements of host-virus ecology.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
101,477 |
The TNF-α and IL-6 levels in the cerebral homogenate were determined using the mouse TNF-α and IL-6 ELISA kits (NeoBioscience, Beijing, China) according to the manufacturer's protocols. Briefly, the brain extracts were added to a 96-well ELISA plate and then reacted with relevant primary antibodies and HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies. 3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) was used as the substrate, and the absorbance was measured at 450 nm using MD-M5 microplate reader (Molecular Dynamics). The activity of SOD was detected by a total SOD assay kit according to the manufacturer's protocol. Briefly, brain extracts, nitroblue tetrazolium and enzyme-working solutions were prepared and added into a 96-well plate. The mixtures were incubated at 37°C for 20 min, and then the absorbance was assayed at 560 nm using an MD-M5 microplate reader.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
17,678 |
Data was collected by interview in a confidential setting using a pre-coded, pre-tested standardized questionnaire. Demographic data included gender, age, source of income, owned or rented residential premises, level of education, marital status, living arrangements (living alone or with others) and distance lived from the clinic. Charlson’s weighted index of comorbidity was used to quantify comorbidity . Frailty was assessed using a 40 -item frailty index questionnaire which was practical for use in our clinic . Cognition impairment and performance status were assessed using Folstein’s Mini Mental State Examination and the Karnofsky rating criteria questionnaires respectively. Participants were asked about the number of hospitalisations in the previous year and number of falls they had in the previous 12 months .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
250,878 |
Of the transition metals, Fe+, Cr+, Ni+, and Cu+ fragments were identified in the positive SIMS spectra. The intensity of the Fe+ and Ni+ fragments follows the trend of increased intensity with increased immersion duration. This is in agreement with equivalent overlayer thickness calculations from the C 1s peak intensity in the XPS analysis. The intensity of the Cu+ fragment is approximately an order of magnitude lower than that of Fe+, Cr+, and Ni+ fragments in all spectra except 316L-04 where they are approximately equal. The absence of any copper photoelectron peaks in the XPS analysis and its low intensity in the ToF-SIMS analysis suggests that it is present in trace concentrations and could be present as trace species in the steel substrate.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
365,983 |
1.2. there are 24 features/inputs in the model, while most of them are same features, like 14 features are fAPAR that captured in different time, please add more information about how did you handle the correlations between these inputs to avoid model overfitting
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
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