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87,365 |
In normal pregnancies, uterine blood flow increases to allow adequate perfusion of the placental intervillous space and physiological oxidative stress (Chaiworapongsa et al., 2014). In PE, a prolonged hypoxic placental microenvironment, due to a reduction in placental perfusion and oxygen availability, results in exacerbated oxidative stress (Chaiworapongsa et al., 2014). Hypoxia triggers several cellular responses, including increased placental angiogenesis (Zamudio, 2003), cell survival and metabolic adaptations (Illsley et al., 1984), established in developmental biology as “placental metabolic reprogramming” (Illsley et al., 2010; Jose et al., 2011).
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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143,394 |
The main objective of this experimental study is to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a dual-modality nanoparticle, Nanotrast-CF800 for image-guided SLN mapping in the oral cavity of healthy dogs. A secondary objective is to report any local adverse effects associated with CF800 and to determine an appropriate volume of CF800 to be administered. We hypothesized that the use of CF800 will be feasible and effective for SLN mapping within the oral cavity of healthy dogs and the local administration within the oral cavity will not result in local adverse events.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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271,612 |
The numerical framework proposed in this paper provides a valuable tool to design a superior knitted composite for particular applications. Based on the required performance for the composite, the textile manufacturing parameters, such as wale spacing, course spacing, and yarn diameter, can be determined through conducting a parametric study. Another potential area for future investigation is incorporating a good multiscale yarn damage model into the current simulation to predict the composite’s ultimate strength.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
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86,965 |
Example for error detection by displacement (∆l = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 mm) of catheter i = 6. The matrix lists the distance dik=1 between the reference and the determined positions of each catheter for the first dwell position in dependence of ∆l in millimeter
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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289,319 |
The hydroxyl (•OH) free radical is characterized as the most toxic among the ROS. As shown in Table 1, the results underline that the majority of the tested nitrones presented significantly high activity at 100 μM, in some cases with scavenging activities higher (87–99%) than Trolox (73%), the reference compound. Considering the subgroup of nucleobase-derived nitrones 9a–g, nitrone 9c (99%) is most potent, followed by 9d (90%) and 9e (87%), whereas mono-nitrones 9f and 9g showed significant lower trapping values. The absence of a substituent at C-5 in the pyrimidine moiety of the nitrones 9a–e vanishes the scavenging activity, e.g., 9a (no activity), while the size of 5-substituent influences activity. Smaller substituents like F (9c) lead to higher competition (99%), whereas Cl (9e) or CH3 (9b) present lower activity, whereas bis-nitrone 9h showed limited activity (25%), and 9i was inactive (Table 1). No role for lipophilicity was found.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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374,097 |
Seventeen cases of recurrence were reported: 13 cases of metastatic recurrence only, three cases of local recurrence (all associated with regional and metastatic recurrence), and one case of regional recurrence associated with metastatic recurrence. The two-year disease-free survival rate was 93.4% (95% CI: 89.2–96.0%) (Figure 2).
| 4 | 0biomedical
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196,415 |
In mice, loss of Bcas3 causes embryos to die on embryonic day (E) 9.5.2 We used a Drosophila loss-of-function model to further investigate the role of rudhira, which shares 32% identity with human BCAS3, in tissue-specific development. Using the temperature-dependent UAS-Gal4 expression system,28,29 we expressed two different RNAi constructs against rudhira (BDSC #51691 and VDRC ID dna9673, hereafter referred to as rudhira-RNAi-a and rudhira-RNAi-b, respectively) under different neuronal Gal4 drivers (Figure 4A). Expression of rudhira-RNAi-a using pan-neuronal elav-Gal4 caused lethality at the embryonic stage at 25°C and 29°C, and expression of rudhira-RNAi-b at 25°C caused lethality at the larval/pupal stage. Using a second pan-neuronal driver, Appl-Gal4,30 it was possible to obtain adult flies at 25°C with both rudhira-RNAi lines, while at 29°C, expression of rudhira-RNAi-a led to paralyzed flies that died on the first day after eclosion. The difference between the two pan-neuronal drivers can possibly be explained by the onset and strength of driver expression. High-throughput RNA-seq expression patterns indicate that Appl is active at a later stage of development compared to Elav.31 Knockdown of rudhira in motor neurons (D42-Gal4) at 25°C caused lethality at the larval (rudhira-RNAi-a line) or at the larval/pupal stage (rudhira-RNAi-b line), while lethality was shifted to the embryonic stage with the rudhira-RNAi-a line at 29°C. The shift in lethality at higher temperatures to an earlier time point is most likely explained by the temperature-dependent efficiency of transgene expression of the UAS-Gal4 system.Figure 4Drosophila loss-of-function model of rudhira(A) Lethality screening of rudhira knockdown with rudhira-RNAi-a at 25°C and 29°C and rudhira-RNAi-b at 25°C under various Gal4 lines.(B) Shifted female-to-male ratio of hatching flies when crossing Appl-Gal4 homozygous female virgin flies with UAS-rudhira-RNAi-a or UAS-rudhira-RNAi-b males (142 female and one male Appl-rudhira-RNAi-a flies, 204 female and 17 male Appl-rudhira-RNAi-b flies), while a control stock hatched at approximately equal ratios (157 female and 151 male Appl-control flies). χ2 = 174.47, p < 0.001.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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381,487 |
In the diachronic dimension, then, the two-dimensional circle of body–environment interaction actually becomes a three-dimensional spiral (it only appears as a circle when viewed from above, neglecting its diachronic axis; cf. Figure 3). Experience turns into the organism’s altered dispositions (O1, O2, O3, …), which change the perceived environment and its selected affordances (E1, E2, E3, …), thus in turn enabling new experiences, and so on. Perceived affordances are thus shaped by the history of the structural coupling of organism and environment10. In early childhood, for example, objects take on special relevance once infants acquire certain manipulatory skills. As Eleanor Gibson has shown, sensorimotor learning is based on the infant’s exploratory activity and environmental feedback, leading to a continual increase in perceiving what is doable (Gibson, 1991, 2000). Every acquisition of new motor skills – reaching, walking, swimming, driving, sewing, and handwriting – produces new affordances throughout life (Adolph and Kretch, 2015).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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144,785 |
Oxidative stress refers to the imbalance of oxidation and antioxidation in the body under the attack of harmful stimulating factors . Moreover, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases are known to be associated with oxidative stress , and the resulting reactive oxygen species (ROS) is considered to be the driving force of pyroptosis . A study revealed that mitochondrial ROS promote macrophage pyroptosis by inducing gasdermin-D oxidation .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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117,081 |
Since KC is a disease with a post-puberty onset when endocrine function and sex hormone production is significantly modulated, our study focused on the role of exogenous hormones in regulating metabolic function within corneal fibroblasts, in self-assembled constructs, to determine if KC-derived cells exhibit an altered response. The use of fibroblasts compared to the more quiescent keratocyte natively found within the corneal stroma was required in long-term culture conditions where cells must be grown in the presence of serum. This 3D in vitro model has been a useful tool to determine pathological differences between HCFs and HKCs4277. Characterization of long-term 3D in vitro cultures using corneal fibroblasts has been published in other studies evaluating the expression of proteoglycans and extracellular matrix structure at varying time points7879.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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141,155 |
Women scheduled for breast cancer surgery at Oslo University Hospital (OUH) between September 2018 and January 2019, were asked to participate in the pilot study. Five women agreed to participate, and they received adjunctive hypnosis prior to their surgery. Postoperatively, semi-structured interviews were conducted. These interviews were transcribed and analyzed qualitatively, with the intent of exploring the participants’ experiences related to the preoperative hypnosis.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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50,804 |
The serum levels of DKK-1 are significantly higher in patients with active RA than in healthy controls , and the change in the DDK-1 levels may serve as a biomarker of disease activity and radiographic progression . Garnero et al. found that higher levels of DKK-1 are associated with an increased risk of articular erosions independent of age, baseline radiographic features, CRP or disease activity . However, in our study, circulating DKK-1 was not an independent predictor of radiographic progression. This discrepancy can also be explained by the characteristics of our RA cohort, consisting of mostly patients with low disease activity or who were in remission. In this sense, it has been demonstrated that circulating DDK-1 decreases after treatment with TNF-α inhibitors or the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra , whereas the effect of synthetic DMARDs on DKK-1 production has not been specifically evaluated.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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265,801 |
When selecting studies on renal biomarkers, studies on adult-onset SLE were excluded. However, due to the paucity of research on biomarkers in extra-renal JSLE, studies focused on adult-onset SLE were occasionally discussed. Case reports, case series, editorials and studies with low numbers of patients were excluded. This review is not intended to be exhaustive but rather focused on highlighting the relevance of various biomarkers that have been tested, and some validated, in JSLE with various organ involvement, proposing further research strategies to optimise the use of biomarkers in JSLE.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
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2,414 |
Soybean sample consisted of 113 accessions, including 18 released cultivars and prospective breeding lines from Kazakhstan (Additional file 6) were used in this study . Plant research material represents 12 countries from 5 geographic regions, including Western and Eastern Europe, North America, East Asia, and Kazakhstan. All 113 accessions were grown in 2015–2016 in three randomized replications in three agricultural regions in KZ. Specifically research plots were kindly provided by crop breeding stations located in South-East, East, and North regions of Kazakhstan. Besides distinctive environmental differences between these regions farmland in SEK represented by irrigated agriculture, unlike those in EK and NK stations. Exact locations, respective meteorological data and field conditions are shown in Additional file 5. Plants were grown in 1 m long rows with 30 cm distance between adjacent rows and 5 cm space between plants within rows.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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32,470 |
Local hematoma and cranial nerve injury, which are among perioperative complications, have been reported more frequently with CEA than CAS,11,24 and our results were in compliance with literature results. Intra-procedural and post-procedural complications may lengthen duration of hospital stay with concomitant increase in treatment costs. In our study, duration of hospital stay was significantly shorter in the CAS group (p<0.001), as reported elsewhere.11 Although procedural complications are slightly more frequent at the periprocedural period with CAS, long-term rates of mortality and stroke were similar between CAS and CEA procedures.6,25-27 We also found that the long-term rates of stroke and death were similar in patients undergoing CAS or CEA, in compliance with the literature.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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233,162 |
Along the same lines, only 54.9% of the establishments responding to our survey reported that the hearings continued to take place in front of a judge to determine their detention (in-person hearings complying with barrier measures or videoconferences) for patients hospitalised in psychiatry departments without their consent. Although these hearings depend on the court system rather than the psychiatric hospitals, these results highlight once again the very inadequate consideration of these patients’ rights. On 27 March 2020, the controller general of places of deprivation of liberty alerted the ministry of health about several points concerning the rights of psychiatry inpatients and warned especially that most of the judges involved were not traveling to hospital sites and were ruling solely based on their own files .
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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25,862 |
GBS is a Gram-positive bacterium, and there are 10 serotypes based on their capsular polysaccharide composition (Ia, Ib, II–IX). The polysaccharide capsule is a major virulence factor contributing to bacterial evasion of phagocytic clearance.10 Serotype III is the most common invasive isolate and accounts for 30–50% of EOD and majority of LOD.13 14 Other putative virulence factors include haemolysin, C5a peptidase and serine protease, but their role in disease causation remains to be determined.15
| 4 | 0biomedical
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294,306 |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic human pathogen, also produces a large arsenal of virulence factors and forms robust biofilms through QS regulation, so it is very difficult to treat once an infection occurs (1, 8). P. aeruginosa has two major QS signals, acyl homoserine lactones (acyl-HSLs) and 2-alkyl-4-quinolones (AQs). The major acyl-HSLs P. aeruginosa produces are N-3-oxododecanoyl-HSL (3OC12-HSL) and N-butyryl-l-HSL (C4-HSL), which bind to and activate their cognate receptors, LasR (for 3OC12-HSL), QscR (for 3OC12-HSL), and RhlR (for C4-HSL) (1, 9). Meanwhile, two AQs, 3,4-dihydroxy-2-heptylquinoline (PQS, Pseudomonas quinolone signal) and its precursor 4-hydroxy-2-heptylquinoline (HHQ), bind to and activate PqsR (10). In the QS response, as cell density increases, the QS signal molecules accumulate to a certain threshold concentration and then bind to their specific receptors to activate the expression of target genes (1). In P. aeruginosa, one of these targets is the set of genes encoding extracellular proteases, which are representative virulence factors (11, 12). Biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa has also been reported to be dependent on QS (13). Hence, it has been suggested that bacterial virulence for both acute and chronic infections might be controlled by QS signaling, and researchers have proposed the use of several strategies in order to modulate it—QS inhibitors that can outcompete QS signals from their receptors, QS signal quenchers that can degrade or sequester QS signals, and novel xeno- or allosignals that can modulate the QS signaling of specific bacteria (14). Based on these strategies, we screened the anti-QS compounds that can attenuate P. aeruginosa virulence and biofilm formation (15–17).
| 5 | 0biomedical
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128,133 |
The manuscript must describe a technically sound piece of scientific research with data that supports the conclusions. Experiments must have been conducted rigorously, with appropriate controls, replication, and sample sizes. The conclusions must be drawn appropriately based on the data presented.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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343,162 |
Five groups have performed a case–control GWAS on CFS cases in the UK Biobank. Unfortunately, they reach no consensus and their results are far from being definitive. One study found no DNA variant to pass the P < 5 × 10−8 threshold (39). Another study reported results both partitioned and unpartitioned by sex (http://www.nealelab.is/uk-biobank) finding one variant associated with female CFS status and another with male or female CFS status (Table 1). Two other studies (24,40) highlighted a single variant each (Table 1). The final study (https://pan.ukbb.broadinstitute.org/) found no variants associated with either the Biobank CFS phenotype (Table 1), or the ‘phecode’ definition of CFS (41). Consequently, despite these five studies analyzing the same data set, not a single associated DNA variant was replicated by multiple analyses. Two explanations of this lack of replication are likely. First, as alleles become rarer the likelihood increases that all people with the minor allele are placed among the cases just by chance. Two of the highlighted SNPs that are very rare in the population (MAF < 0.5%) are possible examples of this. Second, DNA sites that appear to have three or more alleles are usually excluded from analyses because they likely reflect technical genotyping artefacts (http://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/UK-Biobank-Axiom-Array-Content-Summary-2014-1). One of the highlighted variants (rs148723539) is one such multi-allelic site (Table 1).
| 4 | 0biomedical
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241,798 |
The murine HL-1 cell line (atrial cardiomyocyte-derived) was provided by Dr. Claycomb (Louisiana State University Medical Centre), and maintained in Claycomb Media as described22. For HIF-PPN experiments, cells were transfected with 500 μg HIF-PPN plasmid for 24 h using Lipofectamine LTX Plus (Thermo Fisher) according to manufacturer’s instructions. For hypoxia induction, cells were exposed to 1% O2 for 6–24 h using an InvivO2 400 hypoxia workstation (Baker-Ruskinn). Control cells were kept in a normal oxygen environment (21% O2). Cells were then washed with deoxygenated PBS and harvested in RIPA buffer or RNAlater for subsequent analysis.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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112,473 |
Reduced food intake, resulting from inhibition of appetite and gastric emptying, has been suggested as the mechanism underlying the body weight control induced by GLP-115. However, GLP-1 can induce more significant weight loss than that achieved by restricting the dietary intake alone. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study proved that, on the same 500 kcal per day energy-deficit diet and engaging in increased physical activity, the mean weight loss of participants receiving liraglutide was 2.1 kg to 4.4 kg greater than that of the patients receiving placebo3. This finding indicates that, besides reduced food intake, there are other mechanisms underlying the weight-loss effect of liraglutide that require further investigation.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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222,709 |
Another layer of complexity is the important comorbidities that children may have in addition to PVS. Children with PVS may also have concomitant congenital heart disease (simple or complex) or chronic lung disease due to prematurity, all of which will affect clinical decision making. In addition, as many as 30% have some identifiable genetic syndrome (trisomy 21, CHARGE, Smith-Lemli-Opitz), which may have additional cardiac and extracardiac abnormalities . Treatment of PVS must incorporate patient specific comorbidities to help improve outcomes.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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287,409 |
This is a single-group prospective cohort study. Participants were consecutively recruited among a group of patients with obesity scheduled for an interdisciplinary behavioral lifestyle intervention program at the Center of Metabolism Diseases and Clinical Dietetics at Sant'Orsola Hospital in Bologna (Italy), between January 2018 and November 2019. Inclusion criteria were obesity (BMI ≥ 30) and age ≥ 18 years old. Patients were excluded if they (a) presented with a severe psychiatric illness and/or cognitive deficit; (b) were not fluent in Italian; (c) were pregnant within the last year; (d) underwent bariatric surgery within the last year; (e) took medications to reduce weight within the last year; (f) joined another lifestyle weight loss program within the last year. Participants were invited to complete a set of questionnaires at the beginning (T1) and the end (T2) of the comprehensive lifestyle intervention. Participation in the study was voluntary and documented with informed written consent, which was obtained for each patient. 95 participants (80.5% of the patients approached) who had completed both pre-and post-treatment assessments were included in this study. The present research has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Bologna, Italy.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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372,676 |
To further investigate the function of succinylation regulators in ccRCC, patients in dataset 1 were separated into three clusters according to the best cut-off obtained from consensus clustering analysis using the R package named “ConsensusClusterPlus” (Wilkerson and Hayes, 2010). The in-group-proportion (IGP) statistic was used to evaluate the reproducibility of the consensus clustering by the “clusterRepro” package using data from dataset 2 (Kapp and Tibshirani, 2007; Li B. et al., 2019). Principal component analysis (PCA) within the R software was utilized to explore the expression patterns of genes in different clusters. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate whether there was significant difference in OS among three clusters.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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38,302 |
(A, E) Localization of RAD51 on wild-type (WT) chromosomes at zygotene and pachytene stages, respectively. (B, F) No signal was detected in the atrad51 mutant at similar stages. (C, D, G, H) The numbers of AtRAD51 foci were significantly reduced in the atrad51c and atxrcc3 mutants compared with WT at zygotene and pachytene, respectively. (I, M) Localization of γ-H2AX on wild-type (WT) chromosomes at zygotene and pachytene stages, respectively. (J-L) No significant differences were detected between atrad51, atrad51c and atxrcc3 mutants at zygotene. (N-P) More γ-H2AX foci were detected at pachytene in atrad51, atrad51c and atxrcc3 mutants compared to WT. (Q) The number of RAD51 foci on chromosomes from wild type and mutants at zygotene. (R-S) The number of γ-H2AX foci on chromosomes from wild type and mutants at zygotene and pachytene. Left panels show the chromosome morphology following staining with 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), middle panels show AtRAD51 foci (red dots), and right panels merge the DAPI-stained images with the AtRAD51 foci images. Scale bar: 5 μm. ** p<0.01 (two-tailed Student’s t-test).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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198,335 |
Abnormal ECG findings in LMNA mutants’ carriers. (A) Episode of non‐sustained VT with LBBB morphology and inferior axis on 12‐lead Holter monitoring. (B) ECG showing sinus rhythm, first‐degree atrioventricular block (upper trace), type 1 s‐degree atrioventricular block (middle trace) and 2:1 atrioventricular block (lower trace) recorded in the same patient during 24‐h ECG recording. (C) 12‐lead ECG displaying atrial fibrillation and ventricular rhythm induced by pacemaker with VVI pacing mode. (D) ICD remote monitoring report showing PVCs which trigger an episode of sustained TV, terminated, after ineffective ATP, by internal ICD shock. ATP, antitachycardia pacing; ICD, implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator; LBBB, left bundle branch block; PVCs, premature ventricular complexes; VT, ventricular tachycardia
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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197,430 |
Overall, NK-cell-based immunotherapies could be combined to boost the efficacy of NK cells against leukemia, depending on the patients. However, given the heterogeneity of NK cells, the source of NK cells is still a key element, and allogeneic donors should be carefully selected by using specific KIR/HLA markers.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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395,057 |
An increased BC risk due to SGC chemotherapy (depending on histology, but mostly cisplatin based) is not very likely. 57 , 58 Solitary metastasis of SGC to the breast is not very likely. The SGPA is known to almost never metastasize at all. Also, if there were cases, these would probably have been recorded in the pathology database or cancer registry not as BC but as metastasized salivary gland tumor.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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276,074 |
A two-way ANOVA on attitude certainty7 showed a comparable pattern, with no main effect of format [F(1, 414) = 1.87, p = 0.17, η2 = 0.00] and a small effect of content [F(1, 414) = 11.49, p = 0.001, η2 = 0.03] showing that participants reading a pro-vaccine text were more certain of their attitude (M = 5.94, SD = 0.95) than those reading an anti-vaccine text (M = 5.52, SD = 1.27). The significant but small format*content interaction [F(1, 414) = 7.27, p = 0.007, η2 = 0.02] showed that participants reading both pro-texts were equally certain about their vaccination attitude (Mnarrative = 6.02, SDnarrative = 0.89; Mexpository = 5.86, SDexpository = 1.00; p = 0.35), but participants reading anti-texts were more uncertain about their vaccination attitude when the text had a narrative (M = 5.28, SD = 1.37) vs. expository format (M = 5.77, SD = 1.12, p = 0.004), see Figure 2.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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8,739 |
α-T (100 nM) was found to activate Akt (to increase pAkt level) in control brain cortical neurons 1 and 3 h after exposure of the cells to this antioxidant (Figure 3A). No change in pAkt level in these neurons was revealed as a result of their incubation with 100 μM α-T (Figure 3A). No change in total Akt level were evidenced after exposure of cortical neurons to 100 nM or 100 µM α-T, hence it had no influence on the expression of this protein kinase.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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294,490 |
Scientists implicitly assume that space satisfies the Markov property every time they construct a laboratory apparatus that “isolates” some experiment from the surrounding environment. Indeed, people also implicitly assume the Markov property every time they close the doors and windows of their houses to keep out the cold. Thus, the Markov property is central to the way we ordinarily think of space. It underpins the adjacency structure of space in the same way it underpins the order structure of time.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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45,334 |
Postcardiac arrest brain injury is the most devastating postresuscitation syndrome in long-term, depending on the ischemia time and reperfusion period . Global ischemia and reperfusion injury in postresuscitation period cause severely deranged cerebral flow and decreased cerebral oxygen extraction [6, 11, 14]. Therefore, it is not surprising that severe postcardiac arrest brain injury, as assessed by CPC scale, was associated significantly with 6-month mortality of our hospitalized OHCA patients.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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161,165 |
EPDS/MADRS scores and BDNF protein levels were not found to be significantly correlated in the whole sample (Mann–Whitney U tests, all p ≥ 0.05). However, EPDS scores and BDNF protein concentration were significantly negatively correlated at 3 months postpartum in women (Spearman rho correlation r = − 0.307, p = 0.027) (Fig. 6). This negative correlation was also found when using MADRS with/without sleep item (Spearman rho correlation r = − 0.275, p = 0.04; r = − 0.325, p = 0.015, respectively). Surprisingly, there was a significant positive correlation between the EPDS score and BDNF protein levels at T0 in the expecting fathers (Spearman rho correlation, r = 0.252, p = 0.03); however, this correlation could not be replicated when using the MADRS scores with/without sleep item (Spearman rho correlation, all p > = 0.05).Fig. 6Correlation of depressive symptom with BDNF protein levels in mothers at T1. Correlation of mean levels of BDNF serum concentration and mean EPDS sum scores 3 months pp in mothers is shown. There was a significant negative correlation (Spearman rho correlation − .307, p = 0.027)
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
349,030 |
Provision of ES can be expected to be nonlinear and subject to thresholds (Costanza et al. 1997, Koch et al. 2009). For example in our simulations, the maximum mitigated area was obtained under intermediate levels of woodland in the landscape, hence care should be taken not to assume that increasing landscape proportion (area of woodland in this case) will automatically increase service provision. This is particularly true where the definition of the service requires an adjacent area or population to receive it. In this study the benefit to be gained by planting additional woodland will depend on the starting point on the curve, i.e., how much woodland is already there. Beyond that threshold, random placement of new woodland is more likely to occur on land that is already mitigated by woodland elsewhere, and thus may lead to a reduction in mitigated area. Conceptually, mitigating area may also be thought of as mitigated, i.e., the area under woodland is itself mitigated, so if a combined metric of woodland providing mitigation and mitigated area was used, this threshold would be indicated by a levelling out of benefit, rather than a reduction. However, in the context of woodland providing mitigation for another type of land use, it is helpful to consider the threshold as the point beyond which further increase in randomly placed afforestation generates diminishing returns. This analysis makes the assumption that each patch is 100% efficient at mitigation. In reality, not all woodland patches provide complete mitigation (Ziegler et al. 2006), therefore new woodland creation within an area that is already mitigated may further increase the quality of mitigation service under some conditions.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
82,352 |
In summary, in a prospective, randomized, clinical study, we found that DQS and RBM were both effective for alleviating irritating symptoms and prolonging the TBUT of DES in office workers. Because the drugs have different mechanisms of action and usability, they may be used differently based on the subtypes of DES and the patients’ preferences.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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127,213 |
The subjects who answered 1 or 2 were then instructed to try solution F, which had a higher concentration. In the meantime, those who answered 3 were instructed to try solution D, which had a lower concentration. The wash-out duration between each solution test was 10 min.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
140,278 |
Endometrial angiogenesis is essential for good endometrial receptivity for embryo implantation. The amount of menstrual flow may also reflect the growth status of endometrial blood vessels and function. Zhao et al and Yu et al consistently found that the improved menstrual flow after hysteroscopic surgery had a significant positive relationship with the pregnancy rate. Our meta-analysis showed that CS could improve the menstrual flow rate and reduce IUA recurrence. Therefore, we speculate that CS is beneficial for embryo implantation and can increase the pregnancy rate. Although there was no significant difference in the pregnancy rate between the CS and ES groups, we believe that this result was influenced by the small number of studies. Thus, further high-quality RCTs are needed to further evaluate the impact of the 2 surgical methods on the pregnancy rate after HA.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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233,277 |
For the purification of Flag-p62 and Flag-NBR1 proteins, HEK293T cells in P150 dishes were transfected with 20 μg cDNA vectors of each genes. After 48 h, cells were lysed in lysis buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl at pH7.4, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 1% Triton X-100) with phosphatase and protease inhibitors on ice for 30 min. After centrifugation at 13,000 g at 4 °C for 15 min, cell lysates were added with 20 μl slurry of Anti-FLAG M2 affinity gel (Sigma-Aldrich) for 2 h. Then, immunoprecipitates were centrifuged at 2000 g at 4 °C for 5 min and washed with TBS buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl at pH7.4, 150 mM NaCl) three times to remove unspecific binding. FLAG-tagged proteins were eluted by 3XFLAG peptide (Sigma-Aldrich) at 100 µg/ml for 30 min at 4 °C in gentle shaking. Eluted proteins were aliquoted and stored in −80 °C immediately. To generate GST, GST-fused PPARγ proteins, HEK293T cells in P100 dishes were transfected with 10 μg cDNA vectors of each genes. After 48 h, cells were lysed on ice for 30 min in RIPA lysis buffer with phosphatase and protease inhibitors. After centrifugation at 13,000 g at 4 °C for 15 min, cell lysates were added with 30 μl 50% slurry of glutathione agarose (Thermo Scientific) for 4 h followed by washing with RIPA buffer for four times. For in vitro pull-down assay, 20 μl of glutathione agarose-bound GST-PPARγ, GST were mixed with 1 μl of eluted FLAG-p62 or FLAG-NBR1 in 500 μl of NETE-N binding buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl at pH 8.0, 100 mM NaCl, 6 mM EDTA, 0.5% NP-40) with phosphatase and protease inhibitors for 1 h. After that, samples were washed several times with 1 ml of binding buffer and proteins were denatured by adding 20 μl of sample buffer followed by boiling for 10 min, subjected to immunoblotting. For the co-transfection pull-down assay, HEK293T cells in P60 dishes were transfected with 4 μg cDNA vectors of HA-tagged p62 or NBR1, FLAG-tagged RXRα, and GST-tagged PPARγ. After 48 h, cells were lysed on ice for 30 min in lysis buffer (50 mM HEPES at pH7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 2.5 mM EDTA, 2.5 mM EGTA, 1% NP-40. 10% glycerol) with phosphatase and protease inhibitors. After centrifugation at 13,000 g at 4 °C for 15 min, cell lysates were added with 30 μl 50% slurry of glutathione agarose beads overnight followed by washing with lysis buffer for four times. Proteins pulled down by GST-PPARγ were denatured by adding 40 μl of sample buffer followed by boiling for 10 min, subjected to immunoblotting.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
270,889 |
RS, SD and RV designed and performed experiments. RS analyzed data, wrote and edited manuscript. SD, RV, SAD, LS and GHG performed formal analysis and edited the manuscript. SRS and VAD provided the funding, resources, reviewed and edited the manuscript. VAD as the principal investigator conceptualized and supervised the study.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
214,233 |
For detection of copy number of the CAR gene in tumors, genomic DNA was extracted using the DNeasy Blood & Tissue kit (QIAGEN, Germantown, MD, USA) from tumor tissues of mice. A pair of CAR-specific Scorpion primers and probes (TaqMan TAMRA from Applied Biosystems, Thermo Fisher Scientific) was used to perform qPCR on an ABI 7500 PCR system, along with 100 ng of genomic DNA. Standard curves were prepared using serial dilutions of the EGFR-CAR plasmid. The copy number of unknown samples was interpolated from the standard curves using GraphPad Prism software (La Jolla, CA, USA).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
226,610 |
This novel nomogram for CSS probability prediction incorporated five factors, which included summary stage, regional nodes positive, tumor size, regional nodes examined, and chemotherapy. Studies suggested that a number of positive nodes seem to be a more promising predictor of outcome in node-positive patients than the conventional TNM system (3). In addition, some researchers found significant differences in disease outcome between patients with one and more nodes positive (9, 13, 21). Meanwhile, a retrospective study with 244 node-positive patients obtained the result that the 10-year disease-free survival rate in patients with eight or fewer positive nodes was significantly higher than those with greater than eight positive nodes. The degree of the number of positive nodes had been confirmed to strongly associate with prognosis in node-positive patients. Furthermore, receiving chemotherapy was shown as a protective factor for patients with node-positive. Several retrospective studies enrolling bladder cancer patients with node-positive observed higher overall survival and cancer-specific survival rates in patients with chemotherapy than those patients without (9, 15, 21). Therefore, chemotherapy might be a suitable and meaningful treatment for patients with node-positive.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
244,788 |
The situational health diagnosis conducted in all participants showed that the median biomarker levels were within the reference range. The highest glucose and hepatic biomarker levels were documented in urban area residents; the highest levels of renal biomarkers were noted in participants living in the riverine area (Table 3).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
73,976 |
Our previous study revealed that replicatively senescent hUCB-MSCs have compromised immunomodulatory functions, with decreased PGE2 levels. To determine whether the immunomodulatory functions of hUCB-MSCs are related to the oxygen tension levels during culturing, we tested the inhibitory effect of normoxic- and hypoxic-cultured hUCB-MSCs on the proliferation of mitogen (concanavalin A)-induced human umbilical cord blood-derived mononuclear cells (hUCB-MNCs). Normoxic- and hypoxic-cultured hUCB-MSCs were treated with IFN-γ and TNF-α for 72 hours, and hUCB-MNCs were treated with the collected supernatant. hUCB-MNC proliferation was suppressed to a greater extent in the presence of the supernatant from hypoxic-cultured hUCB-MSCs (Fig. 3A). In addition, the PGE2 level in the cell culture media was notably higher in the supernatant from the hypoxic-cultured hUCB-MSCs (Fig. 3B). After collecting the supernatant, proteins were extracted from the MSCs and analyzed via western blot. Consistent with the PGE2 level, the expression of COX-2, a key enzyme in the production of PGE2, was highly increased in hypoxic-cultured hUCB-MSCs (Fig. 3C). To assess the impact of BMI1 down-regulation on the immunomodulatory properties of hUCB-MSCs, we co-cultured hUCB-MNCs with BMI1-down-regulated hUCB-MSCs after they had been activated by Con A in hypoxia (Fig. 3D). The proliferation of hUCB-MNCs co-cultured with shBMI1-MSCs was increased compared to that of the control MSCs, suggesting a decline in the immunosuppressive function of BMI1-down-regulated hUCB-MSCs (Fig. 3E). In addition, the secretion of PGE2 was significantly down-regulated in shBMI1-MSCs (Fig. 3F). To confirm the regulatory effect of BMI1 on the activation of p38 MAP kinase in cells cultured in hypoxia, we compared the phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase in hypoxic-cultured hUCB-MSCs and BMI1-down-regulated/hypoxic-cultured hUCB-MSCs (Fig. 3G). The expression of phosphorylated p38 MAP kinase was decreased in response to the down-regulation of BMI1 in the hypoxic culture condition (Fig. 3G). These findings suggest that BMI1 regulates immunomodulatory properties via p38 MAP kinase-mediated COX-2 expression in low-oxygen-cultured hUCB-MSCs.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
281,785 |
No association was found for UOAF and mortality (Table 4). Lower values of UOAF were associated with a liver injury. This association was weakened when applying the logistic regression model (ORadjusted = 0.21, 95% CI 0.05–1.01, p = 0.05).Table 4Association of outcome variables and umbilical outer abdominal fat (UOAF)VariableCategoryUmbilical outer abdominal fat (UOAF) (n = 242)p value*MedianIQRn%SexFemale19.914.47932.60.42Male18.713.3–24.616367.4Age (years)≤ 5520.713.5–26.712652.10.20> 5518.713.7–23.311647.9ComorbidityNo19.512.5–24.610543.40.50Yes19.514.4–25.213756.6DeathNo19.513.3–25.022191.30.64Yes20.216.3–23.4218.7Rib fractures Multiple (2)No20.214.1–25.119279.30.27Yes18.111.7–24.75020.7 Multiple (3)No19.513.5–25.519982.20.98Yes19.913.2–24.94317.8 Multiple (≥ 4)No18.813.1–24.713656.20.21Yes21.013.7–26.310643.8Abdominal injury IntraabdominalNo20.213.9–25.720584.70.04Yes16.711.7–22.43715.3 LiverNo19.913.6–25.523195.50.010Yes13.910.4–18.1114.5 SpleenNo19.713.6–25.322693.40.34Yes16.812.0–23.4166.6 DuodenalNo19.513.5–25.024199.60.69Yes16.916.9–16.910.4 ColonNo19.513.5–25.024199.60.42Yes13.913.9–13.910.4 KidneyNo19.613.6–25.023898.30.23Yes11.65.3–25.341.7 BladderNo19.613.5–25.223998.80.10Yes13.93.8–17.631.2*Wilcoxon rank sum test
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
18,665 |
In our patient population we observed a high proportion of elderly and overweight females and therefore intended to review our results systematically concerning the outcome of an adjustable single incision sling (SIS) system (AJUST™, C.R.BARD Inc.) with particular focus on the correlation with obesity and age. The AJUST system offers adjustability of the tension applied to the urethra and minimal morbidity for no retrobubic or transobturator needle passage is necessary. Secondary outcomes included the safety profile of the sling device and possible complications, which are particularly important in an elderly population.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
291,280 |
However, there is currently no clarity on how to incorporate this information from the side studies into the modelling process. As has been shown in previous studies, the inclusion of only the stable features led to sub-optimal model performance in our study. This again highlights the fact that selecting stable features does not mean better predictive performance. A PET-CT study on nasopharyngeal carcinoma by Lv et al.22 also showed that radiomic features with poor ICC may still perform well in disease differentiation. Lv et al.22 concluded that low feature stability does not mean poor predictive performance and thus robustness of radiomics features should not be overemphasized. We also observed that the model performance dipped further when we included features that were stable across all three extractions (original data and two repeat annotation side studies) compared to model performance from first two extractions. This finding is important as it raises an interesting question- How many additional side studies one needs to perform? There is no valid answer currently, since overall performance may vary if we perform one, two or even more stability side studies, as also seen in our study.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
343,009 |
The risk of CDI is increased if C. difficile is resistant to the antibiotics used. Although C. difficile is usually susceptible to metronidazole and vancomycin (the first line of antibiotics used for the treatment of CDI), resistance or decreased susceptibility has been reported in the literature (7, 8).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
376,652 |
As a major characteristic of tuft cells, the regulation of ChAT expression and functions of tuft cell derived ACh remain intricate. Furthermore, there are multiple types of cells and nerve terminals in the context of tuft cells, therefore, more works need to be done to unravel the crosstalk between the tuft cells and the adjacent cells as well as nerve terminals.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
233,772 |
In studies carried out in an experimental model of type 1 diabetes, hydroxytyrosol has been shown to slow retinal damage and reduce certain cardiovascular biomarkers . The main objective of this study was, therefore, to assess whether the administration of hydroxytyrosol prevents kidney damage in an experimental model of type 1 diabetes mellitus in rats. As secondary objectives, we considered whether these modifications were associated with changes in renal and serum parameters of certain biomarkers of oxidative and nitrosative stress.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
228,402 |
To clarify the effects of PNS on ATP1A1 and signaling pathways in HepG2, the Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor (digitonin) was used in the experiment. The treatment was divided into five groups, including 10 nmoL/L digitonin group, 10 nmoL/L digitonin combined with 600 mg/L PNS group, 10 nmoL/L digitonin combined with 300 mg/L PNS group, 600 mg/L PNS group, and 300 mg/L PNS group. After 48 h of drug treatment, the proteins of HepG2 cells were detected by Western blot.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
97,040 |
Slides were coated with amine solution and used to screen the serum of 72 vivax-infected patients and 24 healthy individuals by protein microarray. The crude recombinant proteins expressed using the wheat germ cell-free system were applied in duplicate and incubated for 2 h at 37 °C, followed by blocking in 5% BSA in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with 0.1% Tween 20 (PBS-T) and incubation for 1 h at 37 °C. Diluted serum (1:25) was added to a slide harbouring recombinant proteins and incubated for 1 h, followed by addition of an Alexa 647-conjugated goat-anti-human IgG (10 µg/mL, Invitrogen). Then slides were imaged using a fluorescence scanner (ScanArray Express, PerkinElmer, Boston, MA, USA). The cut-off value was equal to the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) plus two standard deviations (SDs) of the negative samples. Normalized MFI values were calculated from the MFI/cut-off values.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
150,578 |
The characteristics of patients with and without sICH are summarized in Table 1. Univariate analysis revealed the differences between patients with and without sICH were significant in the following features: age (p = 0.012), NIHSS score at admission (p < 0.001), GCS score at admission (p < 0.001), AF (p < 0.001), history of tumors (p = 0.012), antidiabetic agents during admission (p = 0.026), and antithrombotic agents during admission (p = 0.006). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that AF (OR, 3.682; 95% CI, 1.945–6.971; p < 0.001), history of tumors (OR, 2.956; 95% CI, 1.115–7.593; p = 0.024), and NIHSS score on admission ([6–15: OR, 2.344; 95% CI, 1.365–4.024; p = 0.002] [>15: OR, 4.731; 95% CI, 1.648–13.583; p = 0.004]) were the independent risk factors of sICH (Table 2).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
377,405 |
Increasing need for mutton requires that certain growth-related traits of local goat breeds which are always of primary concern should be remarkably improved . Early growth traits of animals, being regulated by multi-genes, as well as their interactions, play a vital role in influencing profitability in any meat-producing enterprise . Thus, to establish optimal breeding programs, plenty of candidate genes, as well as their genetic variations should be appropriately used . Maker-assisted selection (MAS) can satisfy the need to screen crucial genes and consider the relation between their polymorphisms and growth-related traits . Herein, establishing a MAS system and performing candidate genes analyses will speed up the development of goat breeding .
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
350,423 |
Within 2 days of the first confirmed Slovenian case of COVID-19, however, our participants reported a significant change in all the assessed perceptions. During this period, they were more concerned and afraid, thinking more about the disease, perceived it as more severe, and rated the chances of its containment as worse, regardless of gender (see Table 1). However, gender differences emerged in the extent of the change – females reported, on average, more than one whole point of change in concern (see Table 1). The presence of negative emotions was also higher in females (M = 2.71, SD = 0.97) than males [M = 2.54, SD = 0.95; t(447, 03) = -2.84, p = 0.005]. At the same time, females reported higher subjective knowledge of self-protective behavior and exhibited more self-protective behavior than males (see Table 2).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
204,976 |
Six of the pairs withdrew during the trial. Care recipients in these pairs tended to be less cognitively impaired (median MMSE = 20.5, range = 13.0–29.0) compared to those who completed the trial (median MMSE = 15.5, range = 7.0–27.0). However, the RMBPC scores indicated that those who withdrew tended to have more frequent and disruptive behaviours (median = 6.3, range = 0.0–10.5 vs. median = 3.0, range = 0–11). The carers reaction rating to these behaviours was also higher among those who withdrew (median = 5.8, range = 0–19.8) compared to those who completed the trial (median = 3.0, range = 0–12). Two withdrawal “types” were identified among the care recipients. Firstly, those who had less severe symptoms of dementia with minor sleep problems and lost interest or were confused by the study protocol (pairs 12, 13, and 14); and secondly, those who had more advanced symptoms of dementia with substantial sleep problems but were admitted to hospital or a care facility during the trial period and so could not complete the trial (pairs 10, 11, and 15). All pairs rated the actigraphy and questionnaires as ok-easy to use. Only one rated the diary as difficult, but some carers noted the challenge of being able to reliably document sleep and wake bouts across the 24-h day for care recipients who had very fragmented sleep. For those who completed the trial (n = 9 pairs), diary-reported compliance with the bright light therapy ranged from 37 to 97% of the days during the 5-week intervention (median 72%). Compliance with the exercises was lower (3–86% days, median 55%). The interventions were not always used in the specified timeframes (56% of the time and 38% of the time respectively). The Actiwatch 2 data showed an 85% increase in mean light exposure for care recipients within the 9am–11am timeframe between baseline and trial completion (mean T1 = 4905 lux, SD = 5377 lux vs. mean T2 = 9077, SD = 14,709) compared to just a 2% increase in physical activity counts within the 11am–2pm timeframe (mean activity counts T1 = 27,635, SD = 15,096 vs. mean activity counts T2 = 28,181, SD = 13,338). There was no clear pattern of baseline measures being reliable predictors for trial outcomes. Feedback data revealed that none of the pairs found the light box difficult to use. However, two found the exercise DVD difficult and one reported difficulty with the education booklet. Seven of the nine said that they would recommend the interventions to others (the others said they maybe would).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
101,538 |
To assess the performance of the models, both the C-index and the model calibration across risk groups were evaluated using a randomly assigned 20% of the total gastrectomy population registered between 2011 and 2012. The C-index, a measure of model discrimination represented by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, was 0.635 for SSI (95% CI, 0.613–0.657; p < 0.001), 0.614 for anastomotic leak (95% CI, 0.585–0.643; p < 0.001), 0.657 for pancreatic fistula (95% CI, 0.628–0.686; p < 0.001), 0.726 for pneumonia (95% CI, 0.697–0.755; p < 0.001), 0.758 for prolonged ventilation over 48 h (95% CI, 0.717–0.799; p < 0.001), and 0.795 for renal failure (95% CI, 0.749–0.841; p < 0.001) (Fig. 1). Model calibration across risk groups was examined by comparing the observed with the predicted average within each of the five equal-sized subgroups. Calibration curves are shown in Supplementary Figure S1.Fig. 1Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of surgical complications (upper panels) and nonsurgical complications (lower panels) in the validation dataset consisting of 20% of the National Clinical Database (NCD) total gastrectomy population registered in 2011 and 2012. The C-index, a measure of model discrimination represented by the area under the ROC curve, was 0.635 for surgical site infection (95% CI, 0.613–0.657; p < 0.001), 0.614 for anastomotic leak (95% CI, 0.585–0.643; p < 0.001), 0.657 for pancreatic fistula (95% CI, 0.628–0.686; p < 0.001), 0.726 for pneumonia (95% CI, 0.697–0.755; p < 0.001), 0.758 for prolonged ventilation over 48 h (95% CI, 0.717–0.799; p < 0.001), and 0.795 for renal failure (95% CI, 0.749–0.841; p < 0.001)
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
256,681 |
Seventy-three percent of the U.S. population on public water systems, approximately 207 million people, have access to fluoridated water . Yet dental caries remains one of the most common chronic diseases with more than 20% of Americans having untreated tooth decay [14, 15]. Despite its prevalence, dental caries can be prevented through the appropriate use of fluorides, application of dental sealants, healthy dietary habits, good oral hygiene that includes regular tooth brushing with fluoride toothpaste and seeing a dentist regularly [16, 17]. Unfortunately, many individuals, especially those with lower levels of oral health literacy (OHL), do not know how to prevent dental caries [18, 19].
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
375,022 |
The correct therapeutic management of IIIA(N2) disease, has widely been discussed and the question of using surgical resection rather than dCRT is almost opened. The main aim of existing research is to definitely prove the impact of the extent of lymph node metastasis on survival and to standardize treatment for each subset of patients. It has been established that several factors impact survival: the characteristics of the tumor, the presence of subcarinal disease, the extent of the resection and the number of N2 stations involved. Among all, this last factor is the one with most impact on survival . OS for patients with single vs multiple stations after surgical resection has been analyzed in a number of studies (Table 1).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
11,785 |
This systematic review was limited to certain study designs published in peer-reviewed journals with language restrictions possibly leading to publication and language bias. This might imply an overestimation of effects. Furthermore, no author was contacted for information unavailable in the publications. Lastly, acknowledging the manifold definitions of constipation and to not depreciate patients’ perceptions, we left diagnostic criteria to authors’ discretion. However, this might occasion a heterogeneous population complicating clinical application of results.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
318,340 |
(A) Overexpression efficiency of lncSLC30A9a and lncSLC30A9b. (B) Cell proliferation was measured using 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine (EdU). (C) Cell phase analyzed by flow cytometry. (D) Cell proliferation index was measured using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. (E and F) Expression of the proliferation marker genes were measured with RT-qPCR (E) and western blotting (F). (G and H) Expression of the apoptosis marker genes were measured with RT-qPCR (G) and western blotting (H). (I) Overexpression efficiency of lncSLC30A9a and lncSLC30A9b. (J and K) The mRNA and protein expression of cell differentiation markers were measured with RT-qPCR (J) and western blotting (K). (L) Oil Red O staining was used to detect the production of lipid droplet. Values are presented as mean ± SEM for three biological replicates. Different letters (a, b, and c) represent significant differences as follows: p < 0.05; ∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01, respectively.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
176,982 |
Many studies have shown that COVID-19 patients who developed AKI had an increased mortality risk4–8. A recent study of 5,449 individuals admitted to hospitals across New York found that 35% of patients who developed AKI died, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 9.66.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
77,910 |
Caspase assays further confirmed up-regulation of apoptotic pathways in ccRCC following orellanine treatment, indicated by activation of both the extrinsic pathway (caspase 8) and the intrinsic pathway (caspase 9) in combination with increase of caspase 3, which is the caspase that both pathways converge into . The effect was seen in both ccRCC cell lines tested, SKRC-17 (Figure 3C) and in SKRC-52 (Figure 3D). To further analyze induction of apoptosis and down-regulation of survival, we studied phosphorylation of proteins involved in survival and apoptotic pathways. ERK1 and 2 are known to be activated by phosphorylation and thereby regulate several processes such as cell cycle progression, cell adhesion, cell migration, transcription and survival. Following 2 h of incubation, orellanine reduced phosphorylated ERK1/2 activity. Another protein, AKT, is known to inactivate proteins in the apoptotic pathway (such as caspase 9) when phosphorylated at serine 473 . Indeed, SKRC-17 cells treated with orellanine for 24 h showed decreased levels of phosphorylated AKT at s473, while total levels of AKT did not change. Since we know that orellanine is involved in ROS induction and DNA damage , we decided to examine phosphorylation of p53 at serine 15, which is the site of phosphorylation following DNA damage causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis . Orellanine induced a pronounced increase in phosphorylated p53 at s15 after 24 h of orellanine treatment. In addition, the apoptotic-inducer cleaved caspase-3 was increased after 24 h of orellanine treatment (Figure 3E).
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
107,316 |
We searched the literature published from January 2000 to February 2015 using electronic databases including Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and PubMed. In order to develop a comprehensive search strategy, we performed the pilot search using MeSH terms or keywords mentioned in key references related to HTR. We conducted the search using a comprehensive combination of keywords, such as “disinvestment”, “obsolescence”, “ineffective”, “reassessment”, “reallocation”, “program budgeting”, “abandoned”, “optimal practice or use”, “health investment or reinvestment”, and “value for money” (Table 1). Thirty-two of the 53 Health Technology Assessment International (HTAi) and International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment (INAHTA) members had accessible English websites, which were searched to identify related unpublished reports. Additionally, other relevant studies were searched by manually screening the reference lists of the studies included in the search.Table 1DefinitionsHealth technology disinvestment“The complete or partial removal of a health technology based on evidence that it is clinically ineffective and/or financially inefficient” .“The process of withdrawing (partially or completely) health resources from those existing healthcare practices, procedures, technologies, and pharmaceuticals that are deemed to deliver no or low health gain and are thus not efficient health resource allocations” Health technology reassessment“A structured, evidence-based assessment of the clinical, social, ethical & economic effects of a technology currently used in the health care system, to inform optimal use of that technology in comparison to its alternatives” Obsolescence“The end point of all technology, which can progress through a lifecycle that encompasses ideas, innovation, invention, investigation, adoption, acceptance, reduced use, and obsolescence”
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
136,891 |
Sixty VP/VLBW and 110 term infants were included in the study. Median GA and birth weight were 28.4 weeks (interquartile range, 26.3–30.5 weeks) and 935 g (790-1,220 g) in the VP/VLBW group and 39.6 weeks (38.4–40.3 weeks) and 3,240 g (2,970-3,500 g) in the term group (Table 1). Median postmenstrual age and weight at discharge were 37.9 weeks (36.1–40.6 weeks) and 2,300 g (1,960-2,580 g) in the VP/VLBW infants. There were significantly more SGA infants and Cesarean section deliveries in the VP/VLBW group. The incidence of breastmilk feeding at > 6 months of age was significantly greater in the term group. There were no significant differences in parental education level and parental BMI between the two groups. Table 1Demographic and parental information of the study populationVP/VLBW (n = 60)Term (n = 110)p-valueGA at birth (weeks)28.4 (26.3–30.5)39.6 (38.4–40.3)< 0.001Birth weight (g)935 (790–1220)3240 (2970–3500)< 0.001Birth weight z-score-0.2 (-1.3-0.3)-0.2 (-0.9-0.2)0.388SGA15 (25.0)9 (8.2)0.005Female28 (46.7)57 (51.8)0.630Cesarean section41 (68.3)35 (31.8)< 0.001PMA at discharge (weeks)37.9 (36.1–40.6)--Weight at discharge (g)2300 (1960–2580)--Weight-for-age z-score at discharge-1.7 (-3.3–1.0)--Any breastmilk feeding > 6 months24 (46.2)67 (77)< 0.001Paternal education college or above48 (80.0)87 (79.1)1.000Maternal education college or above48 (80.0)90 (81.8)0.838Paternal BMI (kg/m2)24.8 (22.1–25.9)24.4 (22.8–26.4)0.573Maternal BMI (kg/m2)21.1 (19.1–22.6)21.5 (19.7–24)0.146Values are expressed as n (%) or median (interquartile range). The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for the comparison of continuous variables, and Fisher’s exact test was used for categorical variablesVP/VLBW very preterm/very low birthweight, GA gestational age, SGA small for gestational age, BMI body mass index, PMA postmenstrual age
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
236,381 |
Collagen gels were formed as previously described. In brief, 1.0 × 106 cells mL−1 were encapsulated in gels composed of Matrigel mixed at equal parts with 3.0 mg mL−1 rat tail collagen type I that was titrated to pH 7.0–7.5 with 1 m NaOH. 100 µL of the collagen mixture was added to wells of a 96‐well plate and allowed to polymerize at 37 °C for 30 min. After the gel solidified, an additional 100 µL of supplemented epithelial media was added.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
295,587 |
Ebselen blocks NC cell migration in Xenopus embryos, phenocopying the effect of Dse/DS-epi1 knockdown. (A) Control Xenopus embryo at tadpole stage. (B) Sibling embryo after treatment with 12.5 μM ebselen. Note the reduction of head and eye structures, loss of dorsal fin structures (arrowheads) and low number of pigmented melanocytes (arrow), which suggest defects in NC cell development. (C and C′) Early tailbud embryo in side view after whole-mount in situ hybridization. Twist (blue stain) demarcates four distinct streams of cranial NC cells which migrate ventrally in the developing head: mandibular cells ventral to the eye, followed by hyoid and two branchial arch cell streams more posteriorly. (D and D′) Ebselen treatment suppresses the migration of cranial NC cells. Note that Twist+ cells remain dorsal to the eye and in the dorsal head (arrow). The proportion of embryos with the described phenotypes was as follows: A, 43/43; B, 25/25 (small head), 20/25 (reduced dorsal fin), 24/25 (less melanocytes); C, 60/60; D, 53/53. Each experiment was at least performed two times. br, branchial arch; ey, eye; hy, hyoid arch; ma, mandibular arch.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
192,511 |
The obtained medical images are saved in the DICOM format, and the 3D knee joint model is reconstructed by importing 3D reconstruction software Mimics 13.1 (Materialise, Belgium). The model includes the main tissues of the knee joint: femur, tibia, cartilage, meniscus, anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, and lateral collateral ligament. The reconstructed three-dimensional knee joint model was introduced into finite element software ABAQUS 6.10 (Dassault Systemes Simulation Company, USA) to divide the second-order tetrahedron element, and the three-dimensional finite element model of the knee joint was obtained .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
270,608 |
We analyzed correlations between overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in breast cancer pathogenesis using Kaplan–Meier plots (http://kmplot.com/analysis/) based on upregulation and downregulation of hub genes. This tool provides data on breast cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, stomach cancer, and liver cancer.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
366,897 |
Finally, while AXL has been the main TAM family member that has been investigated in breast cancer, future work should also consider the role of other TAM family members, especially given the demonstrated cross-talk between these receptors and the recent finding that protein S can stimulate AXL . If other TAM family members are shown to be involved in breast cancer progression, it could indicate that more broad-spectrum TAM inhibitors as opposed to more highly selective AXL inhibitors may be more effective in breast cancer treatment.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
302,088 |
Scanning electron microscope allows observing the structure of hydrogels (Figure 2). Hydrogel without tannic acid has a regular porous structure with open interconnected pores. Immersion in tannic acid solution results in the change in hydrogel’s structure with closed pores.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
198,179 |
For the assays, approximately 500 whole-virus antigen-conjugated beads per virus, suspended in 100 µL PBS-TFN, were placed in each well of an opaque 96-well round bottom plate (Corning Costar). Serum samples were diluted 1:100 in PBST, 100 µL were added to each well, the plate was sealed with Axygen foil sealing tape (Corning) and incubated at room temperature with gentle shaking for 1 h. Beads were then washed three times using a Bio-Tek ELx405 (Bio-Tek, Winooski, VT, USA) 96-well magnetic plate washer. Briefly, plates were placed on the magnet for 3 min, foil tape was removed, liquid was aspirated, 100 µL of PBST was delivered into each well, shaken for 1 min, placed on the magnet for 3 min, and liquid aspirated. Rabbit anti-bovine IgG secondary antibody conjugated with biotin (Abcam 13767, Abcam Cambridge, UK) was added to each well (100 µL) at a dilution of 1:2500 in PBST. Plates were sealed and incubated at room temperature with gentle shaking for 45 min, then washed twice as above. Next, 100 µL of streptavidin conjugated to R-Phycoerythrin (SAPE) (Invitrogen, Hampton, NH, USA) was added to each well at a dilution of 1:200 (0.05 mg/mL) in PBST. Plates were covered and incubated at room temperature with gentle shaking for 30 min. Plates were washed twice as above, beads were resuspended in 100 µL PBST and analyzed on a Bio-Plex MagPix (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA and Luminex Corporation, Austin, TX, USA) as per manufacturer’s instructions. A minimum of 100 microbeads per set were read and an MFI value was obtained for each bead set per well.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
390,869 |
The inclusion of cadmium(II)-complex (Cd(II)-complex) to the PE was attempted to improve the σDC and amorphous phase. In our previous report, it was observed that insertion of Cu(II)–complex to PVA expanded the amorphous structure .It is well reported that amorphous phase is crucial for ion transport mechanism. The interaction between Cu(II)-complex and the PVA host matrix enrich the amorphous region, which in turn rise the conductivity of the polymer . In the current work, glycerol (Gly) is also attempted as plasticizer to further increase σDC. Pawlicka et al. documented an increase in σDC from around 10−8 to10−4 S cm−1 by addition of Gly to their system of PE. Gly with high dielectric constant weakens the attraction force amongst the anions and cations of the salts, thus extra mobile ions would be offered . The plasticizer addition can enhance the PE amorphous structure .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
264,010 |
Resistive random access memory (RRAM) based on metal oxide is a promising candidate for the future of nonvolatile memory technology . An RRAM device has a capacitive metal/insulator/metal structure, as shown in Figure 1. Because of their low operating voltage and power, fast switching (10 ns), high density, and excellent scalability, RRAMs are emerging as promising candidates for universal memory . Various materials have been used to demonstrate resistive switching (RS) behaviors. Among them, ZnO material has been studied extensively and shown to be promising . In RRAM design, ZnO has been established as one of the suitable materials for RRAM devices and has been identified as a multifunctional device that exhibits a significant amount of oxygen vacancy (Vo), which helps in the conductive filament (CF) formation . Finding effective methods to monitor the switching efficiency is critical in RRAM design. Understanding resistive switching mechanisms and defining key factors to monitor switching characteristics are crucial to achieving this goal. Several analytical and compact analytical models to explain RS behavior have been developed . Understanding transport and switching systems, on the other hand, remains a significant problem. Many researchers have used the formation and rupture of conductive filaments (CFs) in the oxide layer to clarify RS action; however, the switching mechanism is still blurred . This work aims to provide memristor users with a simple, comprehensive physical model of switching tools using COMSOL Multiphysics Analytical Software and MATLAB (LiveLinkTM).
| 4 | 2other
| 0Study
|
57,316 |
the distance between the plane of the neoaortic valve and the origin of the main coronary arteries (Fig. 8).Fig. 8Box-plot graph presenting the difference between the position of the left and right coronary artery origins in the neoaortic root (height—distance between the plane of the coronary artery branch in relation to the plane of the neoaortic valve)
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
278,758 |
Statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences ( version 22, SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Frequency and percentage were calculated to estimate the prevalence of cognitive impairment in T2DM. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize all measurements. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test allowed us to check that the results of the sample corresponded to the normal distribution. Comparisons between the two means of independent samples were analyzed using Student’s t-test. For comparison of categorical variables, the χ2 test was performed. Quantitative data were tested with Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r). Comparisons within more than two groups were made using the Kruskal–Wallis test. In order to predict the dependent variables, binary logistic regression was performed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was chosen for the evaluation of the highest risk of MCI in diabetic patients treated with insulin. The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated in order to estimate the diagnostic accuracy. The optimal cut-off points were determined according to the Youden criteria (Jmax). The level of statistical significance was set as p < 0.05.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
9,843 |
The traditional neuropsychological test battery includes the following: the Korean Color-Word Stroop Test, which assesses sustained and selective attention, cognitive inhibition, and working memory; the trail making test (TMT), which assesses motor planning and cognitive shifting; and the verbal fluency (VF) test, which assesses cognitive fluency.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
118,399 |
Fermentations were performed in an Eppendorf DASGIP parallel bioreactor system or an Applikon fermentor system. In the Eppendorf DASGIP parallel bioreactor system glass reactors of 1.4 L and a working volume of 0.5 L was used with Dasgip control 4.0 to control the process. Glass reactors of 2 L and a working volume of 1 L were used in the Applikon fermentor system with BioXpert V2 for control. The conditions were as follows: Temperature was controlled at 65 °C, pH at 7.0 by addition of 3 M KOH and the stirring speed was 150 rpm. Antifoam 204 (Sigma-Aldrich) was added as required.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
216,525 |
These processes are aimed not only at promoting cell survival during anoxia itself but also upon reoxygenation. After an anoxic event, reoxygenation occurs within 10 min in the turtle . This suggests the potential for the rapid release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that could overwhelm antioxidant defenses and result in cell damage or death. The turtle, however, is able to survive bouts of anoxia and reoxygenation without any signs of functional or cellular impairment . Previous studies have demonstrated that ROS levels decrease to near zero by 4 h of anoxia in the turtle brain, and reoxygenation returns these only to normoxic levels . The same pattern is observed in primary neuronal cell cultures , which suggests that the turtle can prevent ROS overproduction after reoxygenation, and/or that it has high innate defense mechanisms that can prevent or repair ROS damage . Both of these have been shown to occur in the turtle brain , but the mechanisms are not fully elucidated and may be linked to the same protective mechanisms that allow them to survive anoxia, including upregulation of protective MAPK pathways and increased HSP expression , in addition to the high innate levels of antioxidants.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
128,017 |
For the first time in 2018, Bonefacino et al. produced a DPDS-doped PMMA POF (pure PMMA as cladding material and DPDS-doped PMMA as core material) using the pull-through technique. Before the polymerization of the cladding, a pre-polymerization process to prepare the solution took place in a sealed glove box to avoid the oxygen reaction with the heated solution, and this procedure allowed fabricating preforms with fewer dust particles and lower humidity . Afterwards, the cladding preform was fully polymerized by heat treatment. Separately, the core mixture is poured into a smaller test tube. After curing in the oven, the core preform was drawn into a cane with smaller dimensions using a custom-made POF drawing tower. Then, the cane was tightly inserted into the cladding preform to get the full preform. The resultant preform was drawn into the fiber, as depicted in Figure 8c. In the work , their team again successfully fabricated the BDK-doped PMMA POF by using this technique. The cladding of the POF is made of pure PMMA, and the core material consists of BDK, BzMA, and PMMA.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
180,534 |
The sample consisted of 144 heterosexual married couples (N = 288 individuals). During the first wave, women had a mean age of 43.32 years (SD = 9.35, range 25–76) and men of 45.10 years (SD = 10.11, range 25–82). On average, the marriage duration was ~18.75 years (SD = 10.31 years; range 1–55 years). The average number of children per household was 1.47 (SD = 0.9; range 0–5). Among women, 10 participants declared they were not working at the time of the survey. Among men, three participants were retired at the time of the survey. All the other participants were employed in the first wave of the survey. In the second wave, all participants reported having the same professional status.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
|
102,806 |
In our first test, an 1-D signal f (Figure 1) is used. We add Gaussian white noises of standard deviation 9.4544 and 25 on f. The corresponding degraded images are displayed in the top row of Figure 2 from left to right, respectively. All the 1-D restored results of the dual method and the proposed method are shown in Figure 2 also. The restored results for the dual denoising method are shown in the middle row of Figure 2, and the PSNRs are 36.3555 dB (left) and 31.1127 dB (right). The denoised images for the proposed method are shown in the bottom row of Figure 2. The PSNRs are 40.1584 dB (left) and 32.8930 dB (right), respectively. In comparison, it shows that the restored output images of the proposed method are very satisfactory. In fact, under the same conditions, the proposed method can reconstruct more details of the straight edges and the cusps than the dual method. Here, ‘\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$s-1$\end{document}s−1’ is the taking-back-noises iteration time and ‘k’ refers to the dual iteration number. The dual iterations stop when the infinite module of the denoised results of the kth step and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$(k + 1)$\end{document}(k+1)th step is less than 0.01. Figure 1 1-D original image. Figure 2 1-D denoising results.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
216,176 |
Mast cells often reside close to peripheral nerve endings where they release a broad range of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines upon activation . The neuropeptide SP facilitates immune cell migration and SP-mediated activation of human mast cells leads to the release of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines via the homologous Mas-related G protein coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) . Recent advances have shown an interaction between this receptor with sensory neurons in the skin . Additionally, its potential role in modulating allergic asthma is being increasingly recognized and it now appears that human lung mast cells express MRGPRX2 . Thus, it is possible that upon allergen challenge, SP is released from sensory nerves and activates MRGPRX2-expressing lung mast cells to mediate bronchoconstriction and Th2-mediated immune responses, resulting in mild allergic asthma. MRGPRX2 is upregulated in asthmatic lungs . Therefore, it is likely that hemokinin-1 (HK-1) produced from lung macrophages, bronchial cells and mast cells , as well as ligands generated from eosinophils , neutrophils , and epithelial cells , further activate mast cells via MRGPRX2 to release inflammatory mediators and thereby amplify airway hyper-responsiveness, resulting in allergic asthma exacerbation . Furthermore, Perner et al. revealed that allergen-induced SP release by transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV)+ sensory neurons triggers Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member A1 (MRGPRA-1)-dependent DC migration to the lymph node, initiating the allergic immune response .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
311,862 |
The antigenicity of NP/Hok/20 was characterized and compared with that of other groups of clade 2.3.4.4, using an HI test (Table S1). The HI titer of NP/Hok/20 against the antisera of Ck/Kum/1-7/14, MDk/CD/KAF1/17, Dk/VTN/1151/14, and PF/HK/810/09 had the same antigenicity as the HI titers of each homologous antigen and antiserum combination. On the other hand, NP/Hok/20 did not react well to the antisera of BS/Aki/1/16 and Mal/Hok/24/09. The antigenic cartograph developed using the results of the cross-HI tests of Table S1 demonstrated that the clade 2.3.4.4b, including NP/Hok/20, was antigenically close to clade 2.3.4.4c (Figure 3). The isolates of clade 2.3.4.4b would partially react to clade 2.3.4.4a, but were more than two antigenic units away, which were estimated to be the equivalent of a 4-fold HI difference from that of clade 2.3.4.4e.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
155,157 |
When using rule bases such as those described above, conclusions should be based on all rules, thus making it necessary to aggregate all individual relationships into one set of rules. For this aggregation, several methods are used. However, most methods applied are Geramian et al. .
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
171,521 |
No previous model or variation of the BENESCO model has considered adverse events associated with the interventions themselves. We have incorporated these as a probability of experiencing depression or fatal/nonfatal self-harm in the first year of the intervention. Depression and nonfatal self-harm are represented by a one-off disutility and cost whereas fatal self-harm also results in death. We remove the impact of depression and self-harm in a final sensitivity analysis to test the impact on results.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
222,935 |
The Italian Department of Civil Protection (CP) encourages the participation of volunteer organizations in civil activities and emergency responses . They include psychosocial activities; social welfare activities, as assistance to the most vulnerable people (young people, the elderly, the sick, the disabled); garrison of the territory; logistics, and organizational support in case of natural or human-caused disasters, administrative and secretarial activities; prevention and active fight against forest and interface fires; non-specialist site restoration activities and preparation and administration of meals; driving special vehicles; activities in the field of radio and telecommunications; diving activity; canine activities, etc.). More than one million people throughout Italy and more than 5000 organizations are registered on the list of the National Civil Protection Department.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
211,781 |
A one-way ANOVA comparing generosity sensitivity and reward sensitivity in the human group found a significant difference, in which ratings were more sensitive to generosity than to reward, F(1, 46) = 39.84, p < .001, ηp2=.464 , ηG2=.224 . The same analysis in the slot machine group, however, found no significant difference between reward and generosity sensitivity.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
386,994 |
We investigated annual and perennial Phaseolus species for potential differences and covariation in seed size, germination, and vegetative growth. We found that wild accessions of annual species showed nonsignificantly greater germination and vegetative trait values than wild perennial accessions, but did not show greater seed size traits ( Figure 2 ). Cultivated accessions of both annual and perennial species had greater trait values compared to wild accessions for almost all traits measured, with greater mean increases observed in perennial species ( Figure 2 ). Lastly, seed and vegetative traits were significantly positively correlated, with some variation in this trend within subsets of the data ( Figure 3 ; Supplementary Figure S1 ).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
275,848 |
The effects of oestrogen‐deficiency and probiotics treatment on the periodontal bone resorption were further investigated. Oestrogen deficiency exacerbated the alveolar bone resorption in periodontitis (Figure 4A‐C), resulting in decreased BV/TV and Tb.N, whereas increased Tb. Sp and Tb. Pf in the alveolar bone (Figure 4D‐G). Intragastric administration of probiotics significantly ameliorated periodontal bone loss of OVX rats (Figure 4A‐G) and the complexprobiotic showed better protective effects as compared to the single strain of Bifidobacterium longum BL986 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRH09 (Figure S4). Further histological analyses showed a reduced osteocalcin+ (OCN) osteoblasts and increased TRAP+ osteoclasts per bone surface in the OVX/periodontitis rats as compared to the sham/periodontitis controls. The decreased numbers of osteoblasts suggest decreased bone formation and the enhanced numbers of osteoclasts suggest active resorption (Figure 5A,B). Probiotics treatment significantly countered the elevated activity of bone resorption by increasing OCN+ cells and decreasing TRAP+ cells in the alveolar bone (Figure 5A,B). Furthermore, an increased number of IL‐17A+ cells and decreased Foxp3+ cells per bone surface were observed in OVX/periodontitis rats and this skewed CD4+ T cell‐mediated osteoimmune response was rescued by the administration of probiotics (Figure 5C,D).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
198,613 |
April 22, 2020. The New York Times shows 5 different models. Which one do I trust the most? Models are based on incomplete data. What are my own or others’ beliefs about science? Overall, science changes as we collect more data, so we cannot expect the same answer each day, which bothers many lay people who wish that science would just give us one definite answer.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
134,621 |
As a traditional fermented food produced from a small town named Pixian County in Sichuan Province of China, Pixian Douban (PXDB) is an essential condiment in preparing Sichuan cuisine, which is honored as the spirit of Sichuan Cuisine and famous for its fascinating flavor globally. The production process of PXDB employed in most factories is traditional process, which has a history of hundreds of years. However, this process has many drawbacks, such as lower mechanization and automatization, lower productivity, higher labor and production cost, less quality and higher risks of food safety, which have seriously hindered the development of the industry (Ding et al., 2020). Therefore, with the development of fermentation technologies, it has become an urgent requirement to upgrade this industry by using advanced technologies and equipment.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
110,674 |
For the model of ErbB signaling we could show that adjoint sensitivity based optimization outperforms forward sensitivity based optimization, which is the standard in most systems biology toolboxes. With the availability of the MATLAB toolbox AMICI the adjoint sensitivity based approach becomes accessible for other researchers. AMICI allows for the fully automated generation of executables for adjoint or forward sensitivity analysis from symbolic model definitions. This way, the toolbox is easy-to-use and can easily be integrated with existing toolboxes. Also other MATLAB toolboxes for computational modeling, e.g. AMIGO , Data2Dynamics , MEIGO and SBtoolbox2 could be extended to exploit adjoint sensitivity analysis. In addition to adjoint sensitivity analysis, these MATLAB toolboxes could exploit forward sensitivity analysis available via AMICI, as AMICI yields computation times comparable to those of tailored numerical methods such as odeSD (S1 Supporting Information Section 5) or Data2Dynamics . Moreover AMICI comes with detailed documentation and is already now used by several research labs.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
14,162 |
Pseudo-SNP6.0 profiles were created for each tumor and matched control from whole genome sequencing data. In a small number of cases data was obtained directly from Affymetrix SNP6.0 arrays (S18 Table) and rescaled and transformed using PennCNV . ASCAT 2.2 was then used to generate segmented copy number profiles and estimate the purity and ploidy of the sample using a penalty of 50 and gamma value of 1 . Note that given the target sequencing coverage of 50x/30x, there may be stochastic regions of low coverage where true segments are not detected. Two prostatectomy samples with low estimated tumor content were removed from further analysis. Data from the matched control is used to reduce false positives. A conservative filtering strategy was used to ensure the best quality of segments are obtained and give us the greatest confidence in the minimal regions of alteration that we call. 8876 segments were removed, of which 6692 were removed based on the following filtering criteria:
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
281,731 |
Biofilm formation by (a) S. aureus ATCC 33592 (MRSA) and (b) E. faecalis ATCC 29212 evaluated using the double dilution method (final OD600 = 0.1) in the presence of different concentrations of compounds 1–4 and 6. Values are mean ± standard error of at least 3 independent experiments of 5 repetitions each.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
269,084 |
Doses of paclitaxel and/or carboplatin and/or cetuximab had to be reduced in 19 patients, 37 patients, and three patients, respectively. Forty-five percent of patients experienced delayed chemotherapy due to side effects. PCC had to be stopped in 16 patients (27%) because of severe toxicities.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
61,727 |
In conclusion, four CCD patients were included in this study and four different heterozygous mutations in the RUNX2 gene were identified. The c.199C>T p.Q67X mutation not only interfered with the subcellular distribution of RUNX2, but also reduced the transactivation activity of RUNX2 on its downstream target genes. Other two missense mutations (c.338T>G p.L113R and c.557G>C p.R186T) located in the Runt domain severely impaired the transactivation activity of RUNX2 on its downstream target genes, though they had no effects on the subcellular distribution. From these findings, it is expected that the impaired transactivation activity of RUNX2 on its downstream target genes would be responsible for the cause of haploinsufficiency in these cases with CCD.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
123,065 |
However, for diarrhea caused by Campylobacter spp., azithromycin was the best available therapeutic agent due to the high level of fluoroquinolone resistance. The American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) Clinical Guideline currently recommends azithromycin for empiric use as first line therapy to treat travelers’ diarrhea in Southeast Asia . Since the prevalence of resistance to azithromycin was low in the other isolated pathogens, treatment with azithromycin would still be effective, even in non-Campylobacter diarrheas accompanied by fever or in mixed infections. Continued close monitoring of resistance to azithromycin is essential to maintain effective treatment guidelines.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
270,724 |
Both IRAK1/IRAK4 and BTK are components of the MYD88 signaling complex, termed the “Myddosome” and trigger NFKB pro-survival signaling.7,8▪ Mutated MYD88 can also transcriptionally upregulate as well as transactivate HCK, a SRC family member that is normally downregulated in late stages of B-cell ontogeny.9 Activated HCK in turn triggers pro-survival signaling of mutated WM cells through BTK, PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK1/2. Both BTK and HCK are targets of ibrutinib, that has shown remarkable activity in MYD88 mutated WM patients.9
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
264,901 |
Chondrocytes are the most abundant cells within AC. In the past, it is believed that chondrocytes in adult cartilage are unable to migrate due to the surrounding highly tensile ECM [17, 74]. However, a recent study showed that a significant percentage of articular chondrocytes also express alpha-smooth muscle actin, indicating their potential migration ability . More importantly, a growing body of in vitro and ex vivo evidence supports the migratory potential of chondrocytes [35, 37]. Therefore, these chondrocytes, as a new promising target cell, can be utilized to improve the endogenous regeneration of injured AC. Serial cartilage studies have showed that segmental neo-cartilage was formed by adjacent tissue protruding during AC regeneration [76, 77]. These findings suggest that the chondrocytes around the injured sites would migrate horizontally under the simulation of injured signals and participate in AC defect healing.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
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