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169,733 |
Guidelines to assess tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the stroma of breast cancer and other tumour types were published in an attempt to standardise prognostic findings and outline the clinical relevance to clinicians and their patients. These guidelines are detailed, and pathologists follow them in the context of interpretation of a haematoxylin and eosin (H&E)‐stained tumour section. Inter‐ and intra‐observer concordance of TIL assessment is variable but should benefit from implementation of appropriate training methodologies and resources [30, 31]. While traditional TIL assessment covers different types of immune cells recognisable in an H&E section, it considers TILs within the stromal compartment of a tumour lesion and not intra‐epithelial immune cells. However, ‘inflamed’ tumours with intra‐epithelial immune cells represent a subgroup with distinct gene expression signatures, biological behaviour, and improved survival when compared with ‘excluded’ or ‘desert’ tumours [32, 33, 34]. We have focused on the detection of CD8+ T‐cells by IHC in our assessments of tumour immunophenotypes . The capture of intra‐epithelial immune cells in routine H&E sections is unreliable , but the IHC signal lends itself for quantification by digital means and CD8 is a consistent component of gene expression signatures of ‘inflamed’ tumours .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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300,883 |
Gout is classified as an autoinflammatory disease that is caused by monosodium urate (MSU) crystals, which act as DAMPs and can contribute to the initiation of acute joint inflammation by activating the innate immune system . Uptake of MSU crystals through phagocytosis induces the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and release of IL–1β, which not only promotes the recruitment of neutrophils and other immune cells, but also secretes more inflammatory mediators such as IL–6, IL–8, and TNF–α . Early studies of gout and NETs revealed that NETs were induced in synovial cells and peripheral neutrophils during the acute phase of gouty inflammation to assemble pro-inflammatory responses, whereas recent studies have shown that aggregated NETs can inhibit inflammatory responses through the degradation of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines . In this process, acute gout inflammation is naturally resolved within a few days, leaving the affected tissue with an abscess-like creamy lump containing MSU crystals, dead immune cells, and NETs, defined as tophi . Although tophi formation is a mechanism to resolve inflammation, it accumulates in joints and parts of the body for long periods of time, contributing to chronic gout inflammation, leading to the destruction of surrounding tissue .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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330,435 |
Statistical differences between treated groups and the control were estimated by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test, while the statistical significance of differences among treated group means were tested by Bonferroni post-hoc test (p ≤ 0.05).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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89,287 |
Other examples of redox enzymes functioning well in direct electron transfer at electrodes include carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) for reversible interconversion of CO and CO2 , fumarate reductase for interconversion of fumarate and succinate , cellobiose dehydrogenase for oxidation of substrates such as lactate , fructose dehydrogenase for oxidation of fructose and laccase or bilirubin oxidase for O2 reduction [38–40].
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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160,774 |
Among the three types of burnout, our multivariable regression model demonstrated that physical symptoms were not associated with CBO among faculties. In our study, burnout scores of the three domains were smaller among faculties than among hospital workers. The discrepancy in burnout levels between the two professions may be due to labor characteristics. Most hospital workers in our participant group are nurses, who are primarily responsible for the psychological and emotional aspects of patients associated with illnesses, while faculties take care of students rather than patients. The discrepancy may be explained by the “client” (patients for hospital workers and students for faculties) each professional takes care of, with patients being more demanding in clinical settings than students.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
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306,253 |
Protein samples generated by infection experiments were separated by SDS-PAGE, transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes, blocked with 3% bovine serum albumin, and incubated with the appropriate primary antibody (Ab). Viral proteins were detected by antibodies derived from convalescent SARS-CoV-2 patient sera. The anti-β-actin antibody was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The anti-human and anti-rabbit secondary antibodies coupled to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were obtained from Dianova (Hamburg, Germany).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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130,225 |
Bacteria were grown in Luria Broth liquid culture overnight at 37 °C and immobilized on a Formvar grid (Electron Microscopy Sciences, Hatfield, PA, USA) for 1 min 30 sec, and the samples were negatively stained with 0.5% (w/v) Phosphotungstic acid (PTA) and imaged using a FEI Talos 120 KV electron microscope.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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339,705 |
Diet and physical activity can promote adult health and are 2 modifiable lifestyle behaviors in youth that parents can influence. Understanding the degree to which parents may influence these behaviors may provide opportunities to intervene among populations at increased risk for breast cancer.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
256,534 |
In this study we reoptimized the LMR cutoff values as 3.3 using the software X‐tile according to esophageal cancer patients’ cohort, and defined adapted SIS (aSIS). The prognostic effects of aSIS were examined in a large cohort of 509 ESCC patients. Our nonbiased database enabled us to examine whether the influence of aSIS on clinical outcome was modified by numerous other variables. Furthermore, the predictive value of aSIS was compared with that of other known nutritional prognostic factors (Controlling Nutritional Status [CONUT] and Neutrophil‐to‐Lymphocyte ratio [NLR]).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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137,083 |
In order to compare regression and classification models, relative efficiency (RE) was used. RE is based on expected genetic gain when individuals are selected by GS compared to the individuals selected by phenotypic selection. The model for RE according to Ornella et al. (2014) is: RE=(∑α'yi)Nα'−(∑Testyi)NTest(∑αyi)Nα−(∑Testyi)NTest, (10) where α and α′ are the 15% of individuals selected by the ranking of observed or predicted values, respectively. Nα=Nα′ is the number of individuals selected; yi is the observed phenotypic value of the ith individual; and (∑Testyi)NTest is the mean of the test population. The denominator is the selection differential of the individuals selected by phenotypic selection and the numerator is the selection differential of the individuals selected by GS. The 15% selection intensity was chosen due to its performance of RE when replacing phenotypic selection with GS (Ornella et al., 2014; González-Camacho et al., 2018).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
235,992 |
Table 3 shows the overall error of the reconstructed image (Figure 15), which improved by 12.69% when the optimized model was employed. The inhomogeneity area ratio in the object space equaled 0.667 in the shifted 6th electrode but did not match the inhomogeneity in the incorrect equidistant setup. The IAR of the whole image increased by 1.641 in the relevant FEM model.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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165,267 |
Leadership commitment and support from the director of NCHI, the head of WHO-FIC CC, the hospital director, the head of the internal medicine department, the head of central IT department at MOH, and the WHO ICD-11 team were crucial facilitators. ICD-11 implementation requires prior ICD-11 training for those who will implement the pilot, training to install the ICD-11 API onto the EHIS, IT resources (computers, internet), dedicated on-site support staff, and the involvement of physicians—all of which require formal approvals and resources. Furthermore, leadership support facilitated the collaboration and communication between different departments (NCHI, IT, and internal medicine). This corroborates findings from other studies involving interdepartmental collaboration in healthcare projects. A study in 47 USA-based hospitals also listed leadership support as the number one facilitator of successful interdepartmental quality improvement .
| 2 | 2other
| 1Other
|
107,120 |
Guangdong Province in southern China accounts for ≈10% of China’s domestic poultry industry and is thought to be an important epicenter of influenza A virus circulation (7). The province reported no clinical cases during the first wave of A(H7N9) infection but represented the epicenter of the second and third epidemic waves. We integrated epidemiologic, spatial, and genetic data to trace the temporal and spatial origins of influenza A(H7N9) in humans during 2013–2015 in Guangdong.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
285,914 |
For precise characterization of the selected clones, scFv-Fc expression construct was made for each clone by simple cut-and-paste cloning of scFv insert into the cassette mammalian expression vector pDR-OriP-Fc1 . After transfection of the construct, transient expression in 293E cells resulted in an scFv-Fc molecule of 55 kDa secreted as dimers of 110 kDa, which was purified from the culture supernatant by affinity chromatography on a protein G column. The purity and integrity of the purified scFv-Fcs were confirmed by SDS-PAGE analysis, which showed more than 95% purity of scFv-Fcs (Figure S1).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
199,058 |
In this article, we use spatial filters to investigate rhythms present in mainly the alpha and beta-frequency bands in human iEEG recordings. We illustrate two aspects of measuring oscillations in iEEG data. First, that the activity spread of individual rhythms can exceed inter-electrode distance, with single rhythms contributing to several electrodes. Second, that spatial mixing of rhythms in intracranial recordings can affect the oscillatory power of a given rhythm as detected on the electrodes and alter its non-sinusoidal waveform shape. We demonstrate how spatial filtering can identify rhythms that otherwise may not be apparent in the data due to masking by other stronger oscillatory contributions, from low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and/or from destructive interference. We also extract dominant rhythms in a resting state dataset with spatial filters and discuss variability across participants in presence of detected rhythms. Additionally, we illustrate how spatial filtering can be used as a powerful way to remove band-limited noise, without artefacts from temporal bandstop-filtering. While the employed spatial filtering methods are already used in analysis of noninvasive recordings, the aim here is to also highlight the specific benefits of using data-driven spatial filters for invasive electrophysiological recordings. Improved measurement of rhythms will aid bridging the scales from recordings obtained invasively to noninvasive recording techniques.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
387,381 |
Another notable observation from our study that a conformational change in the Leu104 and His105 residues induce a major change in channel II; this change creates a hydrophobic path that goes straight to the active ferrous ion. Based on in vitro assays, we confirmed that His105 has a dramatic effect on enzyme activity. Previous studies have proposed that His residues could facilitate alkylperoxo intermediate breakdown, potentially via protonation to form a gem-diol intermediate38. We therefore examined whether His105 exerts this type of effect in NicX’s mechanism of action. However, we found that when His105 was mutated into aprotic amino acids (e.g., our NicXH105M and NicXH105F), these variants retained their catalytic activity for producing NFM from DHP (Supplementary Table 1). We interpret these results to rule out the participation of His105 in proton transfer during NicX catalysis. Our analyzes support speculation about two possible functions of the conformational change for Leu104–His105. The first is the aforementioned creation of a hydrophobic path that could greatly facility the direct delivery of a dioxygen molecule to the iron center (Supplementary Fig. 2). The second potential function of the conformational change could be to guide and assist to bind the DHP substrate molecule to a pre-reaction position, besides Glu177–His189; this may facilitate activation of the dioxygen and promote reaction initiation. Our site-directed mutagenesis results show that NicXC76Q and NicXC76E variants are inactivated provides further (albeit indirect) evidence of the contribution of Leu104 and His105 in orienting the substrate DHP.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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24,430 |
Notably, just as in Experiment 1, the mean vocabulary scores indicated that the multiple-choice antonym test was easier than the multiple-choice synonym and open antonym tests. We acknowledge this difference in difficulty, which was observed in both experiments. As noted, in future research one might want to adjust the frequency ranges so that they are more similar across all tests.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
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290,459 |
Master inks were prepared by separately dissolving the solutes poly(9-vinycarbazole) (PVK, Mw 1.1 × 106 g mol−1, Sigma-Aldrich), 1,3-bis[2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazo-5-yl]benzene (OXD-7, Lumtec), tris[2-(5-substituent-phenyl)-pyridinato]iridium(III) (Ir(R-ppy)3, Merck) and tetrahexylammonium tetrafluoroborate (THABF4, Sigma-Aldrich) in either chlorobenzene (anhydrous, Sigma-Aldrich), ethoxybenzene (Sigma-Aldrich) or anisole (anhydrous, Sigma-Aldrich) under stirring on a hot plate kept at 70 °C for 5 h. The master inks were blended together in a mass ratio of PVK:OXD-7:Ir(R-ppy)3:THABF4 = 32.3:32.3:29.0:6.4 and a total solute concentration as described below for each solvent. The resulting active-material ink was stirred on the hot plate at 70 °C for at least 1 h before further processing. The ink preparation was performed in a N2-filled glovebox ([O2], [H2O] < 1 ppm).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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294,248 |
Thirdly, we explored the evaluation of the environmental dose coming from sediments. For example, we suspected an impact of the seasonal change in humidity in the cave. Many authors of this paper (E. Ben Arous, D. Richter, R. Nespoulet, C. Falguères, A. Lenoble, E. Stoetzel) have noted that lawn above the cave is regularly watered and possibly contributed to the circulation of water from the oculus (Fig 1) to the deposits above. This leads to an increase of the moisture in the West-East section in squares 7 to 11. We could consider in the first instance that the water content measured in the sediment is unlikely to be an accurate estimate of the long-term water content. There is a substantial variation of water in the sediments measured by Jacobs et al. , leading to 35 ± 9 wt values for the upper US. We performed age sensitivity tests by varying the long-term water content from 5 to 35% to possibly quantify the impact on our US-ESR ages (S10 Fig). There is a non-significative increase of our ages, as the maximum variation is < 7% (~5 ka).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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316,535 |
The presence of exothermic peak is due to the process of degradation of polyelectrolyte caused by the reactions of depolymerisation and dehydration which occurred most probably due to the oxidation of polyelectrolyte as well as the partial decarboxylation of protonated carboxylic groups.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
53,239 |
dHOFC implementation should be careful due to its lower reliability compared with that for static LOFC or HOFC. However, within-network and modulatory dHOFC or relatively strong dHOFC are still sufficiently reliable. Future dHOFC studies should focus on these dHOFC links.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
295,800 |
S. macrospora was cultivated on cornmeal malt fructification medium (BMM) agar plates at 27°C (Dirschnabel et al., 2014). Verticillium spp. were cultivated on simulated xylem medium (SXM) agar plates at 25°C (Hollensteiner et al., 2016). All fungal strains are listed in Supplementary file 3.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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268,870 |
This study analysed treatments, symptoms and clinical management of adult inpatients at the end of their life. Notably, the majority of patients died in internal medicine wards where patients presenting with exacerbations of their chronic diseases are frequently hospitalized . Except for a few procedures which were reasonable to perform in those patients whose death was not expected, the presence of clinical activities such as CT scanning, blood transfusions and artificial nutrition in the 48 h before death suggests the persistence of an attitude that can lead to overtreatment. Quality of dying as judged by nurses was rated good for nearly 6 patients over 10, which can be considered yet unsatisfactory, compared to the previous Italian study .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
358,679 |
These campaigns need not be resource-intensive but should occur regularly and be an inherent part of the DU’s mandate to educate the tertiary community on disability issues. It further creates greater visibility of the DU and its functions. More importantly, key stakeholders should be a part of this process in enabling the right issues to be addressed. Specific education for DU staff and lecturers is important as well, as these individuals engage directly with SWD.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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352,051 |
To evaluate CAF accumulation during cervical carcinogenesis, we detected α-SMA (CAF marker), fibroblast activation protein (FAP) (CAF marker), and Vimentin (fibroblast maker) levels in different grades of cervical dysplasia and CC. We found that the expression of α-SMA and FAP was significantly higher in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia II–III (CIN II–III) (n = 32) and CC (n = 32) samples than in normal cervix (n = 11) and CIN I lesion (n = 17) samples (P < 0.05, Fig. 1A and Table 1). However, the expression levels of stroma Vimentin did not significantly differ between any of the cervical specimens, suggesting a direct relationship between the malignancy of the grade of cervical lesions and the number of CAFs.Fig. 1Wnt2B upregulation correlates with increased CAF numbers during cervical carcinogenesis.A α-SMA, FAP, and Vimentin immunostaining of cervical tissue samples (n = 10 normal cervix; n = 17 CIN I; n = 32 CIN II–III; n = 32 CC) at ×200 magnification. B Quantitative PCR analysis for Wnt expression in the four groups (n = 30 per group). C Cervical specimens were stained with Wnt2B (red), α-SMA (green), and DAPI (blue) for confocal microscopy at ×200 magnification. D Wnt2B expression levels were analyzed in the four groups. E Correlation of Wnt2B and α-SMA expression with CAF accumulation. F Correlation of Wnt2B expression between tumor and stromal. Error bars represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05.Table 1Correlation of α-SMA or FAP expression with carcinoma progression.GroupNo.α-SMAHigh percentage (%)χ2 (P)FAPHigh percentage (%)χ2 (P)LowHighLowHighNormal111019.0938.04 (<0.001)110052.56 (<0.001)CIN I1713423.531615.88CIN II–III32102268.75141856.25Cancer3223093.7513196.88Data are given as the number. Fisher’s exact test, P < 0.05.CIN cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, no. number.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
268,924 |
Data on adverse events were collected and assessed after initial treatment and during the whole follow-up period. The adverse events of SLIT were completed daily by each patient (or by guardians) to document any local or systemic side effects after treatment. After completing latent MTrPs injection, the observations were made for 30 minutes before the patient left the clinic. In addition, the use of rescue medication that caused side effects were recorded, as well as vital signs, cardio-cerebrovascular accident, and significant changes of weight status were recorded.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
305,270 |
Internal variability, which arises from processes intrinsic to the atmosphere, the ocean, and the coupled ocean-atmosphere system via dynamic and thermodynamic interactions, makes an appreciable contribution to the precipitation changes on a decadal timescale17,23, especially at smaller spatial scales24. The dominant effect of internal variability in the 2010–2015 CA megadrought has been broadly recognized25,26, although anthropogenic warming is argued to enhance the probability of severe drought27,28. The Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO), or Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), is a leading mode of internal variability at the decadal timescale featuring sea surface temperature (SST) variability in the Pacific Ocean. The IPO can be viewed as a manifestation of the integrated influences of the Pacific Ocean, including the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)29,30. As described in previous studies31–33, the IPO impact on CA precipitation is manifested via the interdecadal modulation of ENSO teleconnections. Based on 21 CMIP3 models, a study17 suggested that more than half of the intermodel spread in the precipitation changes under global warming over most of the extratropical regions are contributed by internal variability, which is estimated based on a single set of large ensemble simulations. In contrast, based on 36 CMIP5 models, another study34 concluded that internal variability does not contribute substantially to the intermodel spread over broad regions, including CA. Similar conclusions were obtained by comparing the intermodel range from CMIP5 models with the intermember range from a single set of large ensemble simulations11. These controversial results motivate a need to combine the CMIP5 and CMIP6 models with several large ensemble simulations to quantify the contribution of internal variability to the total uncertainty of CA precipitation changes.
| 4 | 2other
| 0Study
|
297,952 |
The class of Lipschitz submanifolds contains those that possess continuously differentiable mappings \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\Psi ,\Psi ^{-1}$$\end{document}Ψ,Ψ-1 (class \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$C^1$$\end{document}C1) as well as those having mappings \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\Psi ,\Psi ^{-1}$$\end{document}Ψ,Ψ-1 that are continuous and piecewise linear, resp. piecewise differentiable, on subdivisions of U, V into polyhedra (class pl, resp. class pdiff).
| 2 | 2other
| 1Other
|
158,429 |
We mapped the absolute log-fold changes of dilp2-3,5 vs. wDah, as well as mNSC-ablated vs. wDah (Tain et al., 2017) comparisons to the protein-protein-interaction network obtained from DroID (RRID:SCR_006634) (Murali et al., 2011). Separately for both comparisons, we then performed network propagation (Vanunu et al., 2010), iteratively propagating the fold-change information through the network (spreading coefficient = 0.8) until a steady state was reached. In an additional step, we corrected for a known bias in network propagation that favours hub nodes by subtracting the propagation scores of in silico randomised fold changes from the initial result. We further integrated the scores from both models in each tissue into a consensus score. This was done by taking the minimum of both scores for each protein, effectively selecting proteins that were high-scoring in both. Next, we clustered network propagation scores across all tissues using hierarchical clustering in R (Ward’s method). For each cluster, we carried out GO enrichment analysis (see 5.8) against the background set of all genes included in the network propagation analysis.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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366,393 |
Sedimentation velocity experiments of WT VLPs and chVLPs were carried out at 20 °C on a Beckman XL-A analytical ultracentrifuge, equipped with absorbance optics and an An60-Ti rotor (Beckman Coulter; Fullerton, CA). Samples were diluted to 0.8 mg/mL (~1.0 OD280nm) in 10 mM PB 6.5 with 0.5 M NaCl. The rotor speed was set to 7000 rpm for the highest resolution. The sedimentation coefficient was obtained using the c(s) method with Sedfit software57, kindly provided by Dr. P. Schuck at the National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, MD).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
337,331 |
To provide a more balanced discussion of the alternative interpretations of our findings (i.e., adaptive vs. maladaptive plasticity), we have rewritten parts of the Discussion and toned down some of our conclusions. We have also deleted the statement "These findings encourage the application of facilitatory non-invasive brain stimulation to right-hemispheric lesion homologues to support language recovery after left-hemispheric lesions in temporo-parietal regions." at the end of the Discussion section because we agree with the reviewers that this sentence might have overemphasized our findings.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
159,012 |
Prematurity is an important ABO and is associated with severe morbidity and increased mortality; for example, infants born between 33 and 37 weeks of pregnancy have a higher risk of airway disorders . Maternal determinants such as smoking, low body mass index, previous PTB, social deprivation, levels of education, unemployment, single motherhood, and maternal age of <20 years or >35 years are all associated with a higher risk of prematurity . Stillbirth, another important ABO, accounts for approximately 7% of the global burden of disease and is often associated with maternal morbidity and long-lasting psychosocial distress for mothers . A nationwide study of perinatal outcomes in Suriname in 2016 and 2017 reported the country to have the second-highest stillbirth rate in Latin America and the Caribbean (14.8 per 1000) .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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57,820 |
To further examine the utility of HO-1 as an accurate biomarker of active Mtb infection in humans and to assess the impact of HIV coinfection on enzyme expression, we performed a prospective analysis of HO-1 levels in a South African cohort of TB and HIV-TB patients prior to and at an early time point (8 weeks) as well as at 20 weeks post-ATT. In agreement with our previous findings, a major (approximately threefold) decrease in HO-1 levels was observed in all successfully treated patients after 20 weeks of chemotherapy. More importantly, decreased enzyme levels were also evident at 8 weeks posttreatment, but only in those patients lacking cavitary lesions who went on to clear their infections. These findings suggest that measurement of HO-1 levels could be a useful correlate of successful therapy at the conclusion of conventional treatment, but is unlikely to be a reliable early predictor of treatment outcome. Whether those individuals with lowered HO-1 levels at early time points would still clear their infections if therapy was withdrawn is unclear and was not tested in this study.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
346,198 |
The multiplexed RT-RPA to detect the s and n genes of SARS-CoV-2 was set up in a similar condition as the single-plexed amplification, except for the concentration of specific primers, and the amount of RNA template used. Here, we used the n gene and s gene RPA primers at 222 nM and 177 nM each, respectively, and add 7 μL of serially diluted SARS-CoV-2 RNA as input. RT-RPA reactions were performed at 42 °C for 60 min, and the RPA products monitored through multiplexed Cas13a/b-based detection as described in the optimized multiplexed Cas13-based detection methods section.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
397,449 |
Rapamycin-based systems have also been developed to activate immune cells such as dendritic cells (DC) or T cells, regulating the synergy of TLR/IL1R (through MyD88) and CD40 signaling within the context of an immunological synapse. In this case, rimiducid-inducible MyD88 and CD40 (iMC) system is composed by aTIR domain-deleted version of MyD88 fused to tandem copies of the modified FKBP12V36 and a myristylation-targeting sequence for membrane anchoring, whereas the same fusion structure was used for the cytosolic domain of CD40. Autologous iMCs-DCs showed a strong antitumoral effect in vivo (94, 95).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
355,117 |
Blood samples for DNA extraction were taken from patients into S-Monovette citrated tubes (Sarstedt, Nümbrecht, Germany) before chemotherapy and stored at − 80 °C. DNA was extracted with the use of GeneMATRIX Quick Blood Purification Kit (EURx Ltd, Gdańsk, Poland), according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Samples for serum isolation were taken into S-Monovette tubes with clot activator (Sarstedt) immediately before starting chemotherapy. Sera were stored at − 80 °C until testing.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
73,293 |
Our study reveals several notable findings. First, mobile phones are widely used in Belize. This finding supports numerous other reports demonstrating the significant adoption of mobile telephones throughout LMIC. Indeed, the majority of growth seen in mobile phone subscriber distribution over the last decade has been seen in the developing world . Interestingly, age and resident population density did not demonstrate a statistical relationship with access to mobile telephones. This finding suggests a more widespread penetration of mobile technology and that mobile phones may be a valuable resource to improve surgical follow-up.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
397,342 |
The NONO (non‐POU domain‐containing octamer‐binding protein) protein, also known as 54 kD nuclear RNA‐ and DNA‐binding protein (p54nrb), belongs to the multifunctional DBHS (Drosophila behaviour/human splicing) family of proteins which can bind DNA, RNA and protein.1 NONO has a nuclear localization signal (NLS) at its C‐terminal, so it is located in the nucleus of most mammalian cells and is primarily distributed in the subnuclear domain named paraspeckles.2 Emerging evidence strongly indicates new roles for NONO in tumorigenesis, including but not limited to regulating proliferation, apoptosis, cell migration and DNA damage repair. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the NONO and its functions in tumorigenesis.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
167,305 |
To confirm that exercise reduces sensitivity to physiological and pathological insults, we determined the survival rate of control, Dox alone, and Dox + Exer treated mice following ligation of the LAD artery (MI). Dox therapy significantly reduced survival following MI compared with the control and Dox + Exer‐treated mice. Survival rates of mice treated with Dox + Exer were not significantly different from those of control mice, confirming our conclusion that exercise protected the heart from both acute and late Dox‐induced cardiotoxicities.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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85,168 |
Although tissue eosinophilia would seem to be a more specific indicator of disease activity in HES, the utility of eosinophil quantification in tissue biopsies to monitor disease activity is hampered by the difficulty in obtaining samples, the patchy nature of eosinophilic tissue infiltration, and the fact that intact eosinophils may be absent despite clear evidence of their involvement by immunohistochemical staining for eosinophil granule proteins (EGPs) (13–16). To date, the best data associating tissue eosinophil numbers with clinical symptomatology come from EoE where the numbers of eosinophils in normal tissue have been defined (17), and suppression of tissue eosinophil counts has been associated with improved long-term prognosis (18). Unfortunately, despite encouraging data from a small open-label trial (19), randomized placebo-controlled trials using anti-IL-5 antibody therapy (mepolizumab and reslizumab) have not demonstrated an association between reduction in tissue eosinophilia and improved symptoms (20–22). Potential explanations for the lack of symptomatic improvement include incomplete depletion of tissue eosinophilia, involvement of other cell types and/or structural changes due to fibrosis and remodeling that may require a longer time frame for resolution.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
379,949 |
The SOR activity was measured by generally following the methods presented by Kletzin et al. (Kletzin, 1989, Urich et al., 2004). The enzymatic reaction was performed aerobically at 80 °C in round-bottom stoppered test tubes reciprocally shaken at 120 rpm. The reaction was started by adding an enzyme solution (50 μL) to the assay solution (2,950 μL) containing 2% (w/v) sulfur, 0.005% Tween 20, and 20 mM MES-NaOH (pH 6.0). S0 was suspended and dispersed with an ultrasonic homogenizer before the reaction. The reaction was stopped by cooling the sample on ice. Fractions (1 mL) of the reaction mixture were recovered in test tubes and the supernatant was used for the product analysis after centrifugation at 2,300 g for 2 min at 4 °C. One unit of activity was defined as μmoles of sulfite plus thiosulfate (oxygenase) or of hydrogen sulfide (reductase) formed per min.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
393,433 |
Due to the inevitable delay from crime to conviction, we may have missed some events. Conversely, a strength of this methodology is the ability for complete follow-up, which is not biased by differential dropout in response to treatment. Another important strength is the objectivity of these data: In contrast to many other measures, detection bias is not a problem in this study design.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
|
345,001 |
In the past few months, all subspecialties have been working to identify the various aspects of COVID-19 in patients. Among other symptoms, taste and smell impairment have emerged as potential screening symptoms, as research findings strongly suggest that subjects diagnosed as COVID-19 positive can present with smell and taste impairment.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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392,040 |
Prenatal care adequacy was defined using the Kotelchuck index . By calculating the ratio of number of visits attended to ACOG's recommended number of visits, patients were grouped into four categories: inadequate (less than 50%, including no prenatal care), intermediate (50–79%), adequate (80–109%), and adequate plus (greater than or equal to 110%) . Prenatal care was defined as “unknown” if patients received some or all prenatal care outside of Grady Health System, which prohibited quantification of adequacy of care with the Kotelchuck index.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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287,268 |
In this paper, we advance the approach for selecting the relevant MCDA method according to some decision-making features used to describe the remediation alternatives assessment. To achieve this, we use a hypothetical case study to demonstrate the proposed approach and apply the recommended MCDA method(s) to aid in the comprehensive assessment of available alternatives. The generalizability of the proposed approach is lastly described to show that it is applicable to any other plan for the management of contaminated sites. This paper aims to increase the acceptance and application of MCDA in the area of contaminated site remediation by showing how the different requirements and preferences from stakeholders can drive the choice of suitable MCDA method(s). The MCDA method recommendations are based on an analysis of the challenges that several experts in the remediation process of contaminated sites experience in their daily work. The application area for this work is the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA), informally called Superfund, which mandates the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to remediate contaminated sites (EPA, 2015a). The Superfund cleanup process is complex and challenging and requires consideration that includes an aggregation of types and quantities of information (e.g., performance, costs, risks, benefits). To manage the amount and type of information, MCDA is an excellent approach for handing diverse information to support decision-making (Havranek, 2019).
| 4 | 2other
| 0Study
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125,461 |
We first tested the measurement model consisting of five latent variables and their reflective indicators, which are (1) agile work practices with the four factors self-organized team work, iterative planning, incrementation, and retrospective; (2) job demands with workload, time pressure, and work interruptions; (3) job resources with autonomy, feedback from task, and peer support; (4) emotional fatigue, with three corresponding items; and (5) emotional engagement, with three corresponding items as indicators. The results of the CFA indicated that our hypothesized measurement model fitted the data well (χ2 (124) = 188.682, CFI = 0.97; TLI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.05; SRMR = 0.05). Standardized coefficients from items to factors ranged from 0.45 to 0.92 and all indicators loaded significantly on their intended latent factors (p < 0.001), which supports the distinctiveness of the constructs .
| 1 | 2other
| 0Study
|
59,048 |
The polarization fields in the MQWs with indium composition ranging from 14.8 to 26.5% are investigated comprehensively. It is found that when the indium content is smaller than 17.3%, 100% theoretical polarization field strength can be maintained, while when the indium content is larger than 17.3%, the polarization field strength decreased significantly. This reduction is proved not due to the macroscopic lattice relaxation in the epitaxy layers, but probably the increased point defects or impurities as well as larger indium fluctuation in the InGaN quantum well layers.
| 1 | 2other
| 0Study
|
166,759 |
The material selection and life cycle assessment stages of infrastructure practices help to achieve UN SDGs 7, 11, and 12. However, the use of PCM as a building material in the infrastructure practices can lead to some interaction with the binding materials and can alter the fresh, mechanical and durability properties, as indicated in Table 2 . PCM has been successfully applied in wallboards to store high levels of thermal energy in a building . However, the incorporation of PCM into concrete remains a challenge, e.g., paraffin-based PCMs exhibit good stability and resist degradation in high pH environments, but are non-polar in nature; therefore, their bonding with concrete hydration products is not possible . This observation significantly affects the material selection stage and its method of use in concrete. In addition, the scarcity of data on the durability and life cycle assessments of various types of PCM-containing concrete represents a massive challenge to those seeking to adopt this material in an actual project.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
|
37,627 |
Delivery of Zn by ZnGlu, ZnLys/Glu and ZnLys/Glu/Met was also not affected by the presence of high levels of phytic acid. Animal experiments have shown that the absorption of Zn is inversely correlated to the concentration of phytic acid in the diet (Lönnerdal et al. 1988). The phosphate groups in phytic acid form insoluble complexes with Zn, and phytate-bound Zn will be excreted in the feces, thereby causing an inhibitory effect on Zn absorption (O’Dell 1969; Vohra and Kratzer 1964). Phytate is present in staple foods like cereals, corn and rice, and the removal or reduction of phytate by methods such as phytase treatment or fermentation markedly improves Zn absorption. In case of ZnAA, it is possible that Zn will not be as accessible as “free” Zn and thus less complex formation with phytic acid will occur.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
130,116 |
Proteomic analysis detected 4001 proteins in total, of which 22 and 31 were unique for the WT and KO samples, respectively (Figure 3a). Fifty-eight proteins were upregulated in the KO cells (abundance ratio > 2-fold, p < 0.05), and 118 proteins were downregulated in KO cells (abundance ratio < 0.5, p < 0.05).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
373,430 |
LepRb-Cre mice were anesthetized with isoflurane (1.5–2.0%, 1 L/minute in O2) and placed in a stereotaxic frame (Kopf Instruments, Tujunga, CA). The skull was exposed through a dorsal midline incision in the skin. The fourth ventricle and obex were identified and used as geographical landmarks to determine injection site in the NTS. The stereotaxic coordinates used were: A/P, −0.16; M/L, ±0.2; D/V, −0.2 from the obex. Viral injections were performed using glass micropipettes in a pressurized picospritzer system (General Valve Corporation, Fairfield, NJ; 40 pounds pressure per square inch; average duration 4msec). Then, 0.5 μL AAV pCAG-FLEX-EGFP-WPRE virus (Addgene, Cambridge, MA) was injected into the NTS. The tip of the glass micropipette was left in the brain for 5 min, and then slowly retracted. Mice were given analgesic and allowed to recover on a heating pad for 2 days post-surgery. They were then transcardially perfused as described above 14 days post-surgery.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
321,754 |
Six of the mutant alleles contained frameshift mutations, i.e., CR-S14–1-II, CR-S14–2, CR-S14–6, CR-S14–9-I, CR-S14–9-II and CR-S14–29-I. The three other mutant alleles, CR-S14–10-I, CR-S14–10-II and CR-S14–29-II, contained in-frame mutations (Fig. 1b). Mutations were also amplified and confirmed in several mutant transcripts (Additional file 1). Since OsSWEET14 is a sugar transporter containing seven transmembrane helices, the function of the protein depends strongly on the helices. The TMHMM2.0 program was utilized to predict the transmembrane helices of proteins encoded by mutant alleles . All of the frameshift mutant alleles encoded proteins with only one or even no transmembrane helices, while all the in-frame mutant alleles encoded proteins containing five or six transmembrane helices (Additional files 2 and 3). Loss of the transmembrane helices had high possibilities of disrupting the transporter activity. This may indicate that all the OsSWEET14 mutant alleles encode proteins without sugar transportation ability.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
286,501 |
In terms of lifestyle, it was found that respondents who reported harmful alcohol consumption had greater odds of injury than those who reported never drinking alcohol (OR 1.52, p = 0.005). Respondents who reported a sleep disturbance ≥3 times a week had a 68% increase in the odds of injury than those who did not report sleep disturbances (OR 1.68, p < 0.001). Finally, respondents with <6 h of sleep per day had a 38% increase in the odds of an unintentional injury than respondents with 6 to 8 h of sleep (OR 1.38, p < 0.001). Interaction between sleep hours, any sleep disturbances and alcohol consumption were insignificant to the likelihood of unintentional injury, and therefore were not included in the final logistic regression model. The results of interaction between sleep and alcohol consumption are displayed in Supplementary Table S1.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
41,623 |
The CHIP assay was manipulated as previous method using 100 mg of tobacco root with or without HT stress . Immunoprecipitation was performed with rabbit polyclonal antibody against HA (1:1000, clone 3F10, Roche). NtPMT1 region were detected using the PCR primers listed in Table S1. Chip products were analyzed by quantitative PCR. Data from the Chip experiments are expressed as the mean ± SD of three biological replicates.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
64,695 |
Haematoxylin/eosin staining through rostral (left) and caudal (right) regions of the head of S. crassicaudata at stages 19 (A), 20 (B), and 21 (C) in the coronal plane (postnatal days 4–7, 8–11, and 12–15, respectively). Insets of the developing eye at corresponding ages (D-F, respectively). ac, anterior commissure; BG, basal ganglia; Cg, cingulate cortex; Cla, claustrum; Co, cornea; CP, cortical plate; ec, external capsule; En, endopiriform nucleus; Ey, eye; Et, ethmoid bone; F, follicle; Ga, ganglion layer; GE, ganglionic eminence; Hp, hippocampus; ic, internal capsule; IG, indusium griseum; L, lens; LE, lens epithelium; LF, lens fibres; Li, eyelid; lot, lateral olfactory tract; LV, lateral ventricle; LVe, lens vesicle; Mb, mandibulary process; Mo, mouth; Mx, maxillary process; MZ, marginal zone; NC, nasal cavity; Nb, neuroblastic layer; OE, olfactory neuroepithelium; ON, optic nerve; Orb, orbital bone; OS, optic stalk; OT, olfactory tubercle; Pi, pigment epithelium; Pir, piriform cortex; PoA, preoptic area; Pp, preplate; PSp; presphenoid bone; Re, retinal layer; Se, septum; Sp, subplate; St, striatum; SVZ, subventricular zone; T, tongue; VZ, ventricular zone. Scale bars: 500 μm (A-C), 100 μm (E-F).
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
201,388 |
For the simulations in well-mixed populations, we used the following baseline parameters12\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\begin{array}{ll}{{{{{{{\rm{Benefit}}}}}}}}\,{{{{{{{\rm{of}}}}}}}}\,{{{{{{{\rm{cooperation}}}}}}}}:&b\,=\,3\\ \hskip-0.8pc{{{{{{{\rm{Cost}}}}}}}}\,{{{{{{{\rm{of}}}}}}}}\,{{{{{{{\rm{cooperation}}}}}}}}:&c\,=\,1\\ \hskip-2.2pc{{{{{{{\rm{Population}}}}}}}}\,{{{{{{{\rm{size}}}}}}}}:&N\,=\,100\\ \hskip-1.3pc{{{{{{{\rm{Selection}}}}}}}}\,{{{{{{{\rm{strength}}}}}}}}:&\beta \,=\,5\,({{{{{{{\rm{Fig}}}}}}}}.\,{{{{{{{\rm{4}}}}}}}},{{{{{{{\rm{Supplementary}}}}}}}}\,{{{{{{{\rm{Figures}}}}}}}}\,{{{{{{{\rm{1}}}}}}}}{{{{{{{\boldsymbol{-}}}}}}}}{{{{{{{\rm{3}}}}}}}})\;{{{{{{{\rm{and}}}}}}}}\;\beta =1\,({{{{{{{\rm{all}}}}}}}}\,{{{{{{{\rm{other}}}}}}}}\,{{{{{{{\rm{figures}}}}}}}})\\ \hskip-3.9pc{{{{{{{\rm{Error}}}}}}}}\,{{{{{{{\rm{rate}}}}}}}}:&\varepsilon \,=\,0\,({{{{{{{\rm{without}}}}}}}}\,{{{{{{{\rm{errors}}}}}}}}),{{{{{{{\rm{or}}}}}}}}\,\varepsilon \,=\,0.02\,({{{{{{{\rm{with}}}}}}}}\,{{{{{{{\rm{errors}}}}}}}})\\ \hskip-2.66pc{{{{{{{\rm{Mutation}}}}}}}}\,{{{{{{{\rm{rate}}}}}}}}:&\mu \to 0.\end{array}$$\end{document}Benefitofcooperation:b=3Costofcooperation:c=1Populationsize:N=100Selectionstrength:β=5(Fig.4,SupplementaryFigures1-3)andβ=1(allotherfigures)Errorrate:ε=0(withouterrors),orε=0.02(witherrors)Mutationrate:μ→0.Changes in these parameters are systematically explored in Fig. 5 and Supplementary Fig. 4. For Figs. 4, 5, and Supplementary Fig. 1–Supplementary Fig. 6, the respective simulations are run for at least 107-time steps each (measured in a number of introduced mutant strategies over the course of a simulation). For Fig. 6, Supplementary Fig. 7, and Supplementary Fig. 8, simulations are run for a shorter time (as illustrated in the respective panels that illustrate the resulting dynamics). However, here all results are obtained by averaging over 50–200 independent simulations.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
202,240 |
Twenty randomly selected subjects were re-examined by the same author 3 months after initial tracings. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Dahlberg’s coefficient regarding maturity scores in Demirjian’s method were calculated to assess the agreement between examinations. The accordance between two analyses of sella turcica type was verified using Cohen’s kappa.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
319,084 |
The standardized solution of the hypothesized model indicates that the perception of the amount of CF provided by the coach has as positive relationship with the perceived legitimacy of feedback (β = 0.76, p < 0.01), which in turn correlates positively with the satisfaction of BPNs (β = 0.51, p < 0.01). Satisfaction of psychological needs positively correlates with participants’ subjective vitality (β = 0.86, p < 0.01). The model presents adequate goodness of fit indices χ2 = 385.8, gl = 116, χ2/gl = 3.32, p > 0.01, CFI = 0.89, IFI = 0.89, RMSEA = 0.08 (see Figure 2).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
298,000 |
The effects of EPI can be mitigated by consuming pancreatic enzyme capsules, otherwise known as pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT). PERT consists of capsules that contain a mixture of lipases, proteases, and carbohydrases produced by extracting digestive enzymes from pig pancreases. Patients using PERT must take capsules before, during, and after meals since these enzymes are needed throughout the digestive process. The failure to consume these capsules often leads to abdominal discomfort, bloating, and steatorrhea . Since PERT often requires patients to take 10 to 15 enzyme capsules per day, compliance can be problematic, with an overall adherence rate for taking pancreatic enzymes reported at less than 50% . As a result, identifying a PERT-free alternative to nutritional supplementation for patients with cystic fibrosis can potentially lead to improved nutritional status and a reduction in the risk of hospitalizations associated with non-adherence to PERT .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
233,080 |
Next, we wondered if hysteresis is present in our system given repeated stimuli. To gauge the extent to which hysteresis affects differentiation dynamics, we induced cultures with repeated pulses at various interpulse durations (Fig. 2a, bottom). If hysteresis were present, we would expect smaller population fractions to recombine with subsequent pulses compared to the first one. The response was reproducible with each pulse resulting in the same differentiated fraction regardless of prior exposure to light (Fig. 2e) (up to small reactor-to-reactor variability). Furthermore, we investigated if time-separated, repeated pulses of a given total duration would result in a higher differentiation fraction compared to a single continuous pulse of same duration. We found that continuous light resulted in similar differentiation fractions as discrete pulses for the same total duration of induction (Fig. 2f).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
204,789 |
To simulate distance distributions between two spin-labeled residues u and v, pairwise distances were measured between all coordinates belonging to each residue. To account for backbone heterogeneity, each of these measurements were then broadened by a value equal to the pairwise root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) as inferred from the crystallographic isotropic B-factor of the residues’ Cα atoms: RMSFu=3Bu,Cα8π2 (3) RMSFuv=RMSFu2+RMSFv2 (4)
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
227,779 |
In a compound sieve experiment, we chose 100 μg/mL of AAL as the initial concentration, and the concentration gradient was diluted (100 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL, 25 μg/mL, 12.5 μg/mL, and 6.25 μg/mL). A549 cells were treated for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h under different lectin concentrations, then we used the CCK-8 Kits to test the lectin effect on the growth inhibition of A549 cells. The results showed that the growth of A549 cell inhibition was concentration and time dependent, the degree of A549 cell proliferation inhibition gradually strengthens with the increase of the concentration of lectins. And at the same concentration but processed at different times, the degrees of inhibition of A549 cells were different. When the concentration of AAL was 100 μg/mL and AAL was cultured for 72 hours, the inhibition rate of A549 cells reached a maximum of 74% (Figure 4).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
320,532 |
Note that the flux of species is the vector. In this paper, the positive value of flux means the direction of flux from Side A to Side B, while the negative value of flux means the direction of flux from Side B to Side A. The distribution curves of the flux of proton in the membrane at 1000 K are shown in Figure 3b. At the initial stage, the flux of proton is positive on Side A, indicating that the proton diffuses into the membrane from Side A to Side B. In contrast, the flux of proton is negative on Side B, meaning that the proton diffuses into the membrane from Side B to Side A. As the diffusion process proceeds, the flux of proton will decrease on Side A. This may be because the concentration of proton increases inside the membrane, which weakens the mass transfer driving force on Side A. However, on Side B, the absolute value of the flux of proton declines to zero at first and then rises. This may be attributed to the diffusion of protons through the membrane from Side A to Side B, when the steam is reproduced on Side B at a certain time point
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
176,080 |
The MOST image stack, along with the 10 gold standard sets, was first processed via a technique named histogram equalization to enhance the contrast and was then normalized by simply dividing all pixel values by 255. The image stack along with the corresponding annotations for somata and vessels was randomly split into training, validation, and test sets, which consisted of 800, 100, and 100 images with the same voxel size of 512 × 512, respectively. Then, various data augmentation techniques (e.g., rotation, shifting, zoom-in/out, flipping, etc.) were applied to the original training set (i.e., 800 images) to generate the final set of 2,400 images ready for network training. No real-time data augmentation was applied thereafter during the boosting iterations.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
360,750 |
This study also examined the association between routinely collected global measures of children’s function and EI service use. Baseline functional skills were associated with core EI service use in expected directions, suggesting baseline COS scores may be a good marker of EI therapy need. For example, children with higher social-emotional function likely have less need for DI, which focuses, in part, on promoting social skills.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
52,394 |
Our patient is the first to be reported for effectiveness of colchicine in AOSD. The patient was treated with colchicine, and showed improvement of their clinical manifestations, such as fever and arthropathy, and normalization of their serum levels of CRP and ferritin. Although the data available to date remain limited because of the rarity of the disease, it seems clear that use of colchicine represents a good alternative to biologics therapies, which can potentially cause adverse events including infections.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 3Clinical case
|
169,957 |
A similar quantitative qPCR methodology was utilized to measure LTL from peripheral blood DNA from the SMART2D and DN datasets50. In these studies, β-globin (S) was used as an internal control to normalize the amount of DNA loaded. For standard curve generation, reference DNA sample (commercially available human G304A DNA) was serially diluted in water by twofold dilution to produce six DNA concentrations from 40 to 1.25 ng in 5 ml. To reduce inter-assay variability, telomere (T) and β-globin (S) were analyzed on the same plate. Additionally, HepG2 DNA (experimental control) was run on each PCR plate, and the average normalizing factor was used to correct the study DNA samples to obtain the final T/S ratio (adjusted T/S ratio). All samples, standards, and controls were run in duplicate and the average values were used for subsequent analyses. The amount of telomeric DNA (T) was divided by the amount of β-globin DNA (S), producing a relative measurement of the LTL (T/S ratio). The coefficients of variation within duplicates of the LTL and β-globin assay were <2%.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
259,006 |
In higher eukaryotes, chromosomes are packed into three dimensions (3Ds) and form complex structures . Such 3D structure of chromosomes has recently been investigated by chromosome conformation capture combined with high-throughput sequencing technique (Hi-C) at an unprecedented resolution [2–4]. Hi-C experiments revealed multiple levels of genome organization including compartments A/B and topologically associating domains (TADs) [2, 3]. Most notably, TADs are relatively constant between different cell types and are highly conserved across species. Those TADs play central roles in key cell processes such as for the long-range regulation of genes by enhancers or for the replication-timing regulation .
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
394,194 |
Citations by year in table 5: The number of years before and after the journal is removed from Scopus is very different, the average is more than 9 years before and 4 years after (median of 8 and 4 respectively) which makes the comparison in Table 5 not relevant. Indeed, the number of citations per year is higher during the 2 or 3 years following the publication of the article and decreases sharply with time (DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0153730 2) so that the ratio of citations per year also decreases if a larger number of years is used.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
138,592 |
The American Psychological Association recommendations for efficient psychological prevention emphasize a theoretical foundation for the intervention, an optimal dose-response relationship, and systemic anchoring (eg, in schools).44 Typically, prevention should start before symptom manifestation and should target individuals who might gain the most benefit and are selected according to factors that increase the risk of illness onset, such as age and first symptoms (ie, selective-indicated prevention). Risk selection potentially enhances cost-effectiveness. Prevention programs that target at-risk individuals must demonstrate incremental effectiveness beyond the expected effects of spontaneous remission and regression to the mean. Therefore, it is of utmost necessity to design longitudinal, randomized clinical efficacy trials that allow the observation of natural symptom courses in a control group and that use clinically relevant end points (ie, reduction of first symptoms and prevention of illness onset). The quality of previous studies on prevention of gaming disorder and unspecified internet use disorder has often been criticized because they lacked randomization as well as follow-up measurements and diagnostic interviews that assessed incidence rates.8,45,46
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
301,323 |
Notably, the development of ASD has been associated with abundant heterogeneity and this developmental heterogeneity is manifested in head circumference and total brain volume [12–14]. However, abnormal increase of head circumference cannot be observed in all subjects with ASD, one research implies that about 80% of subjects with ASD have no clinically enlarged brain . Hence, the abnormal development of head circumference in patients with ASD might represent a potential neurological subtype of ASD . Recently, neuroimaging offered new possibilities to further understand the biological mechanisms behind ASD. A recent cluster analysis based on whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) obtained 3 ASD neurosubtypes . However, different numbers of neurosubtypes have been reported by previous studies based on the neuroimaging features including cortical thickness and regional volumes , or intrinsic functional connectivity based on cortical region of interests (ROIs) . The diverse results of these studies may be mainly due to the use of different image features. In addition, the differences in these findings may be due to factors such as sample size, sex ratio and clustering algorithm, etc.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
57,926 |
“‘ATL‐like” cells in non‐ATL human T‐lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) infection. (A) Aligned plots of CD7, CCR7, and CD127 expression in patients with low‐risk (PVL <10%) and high‐risk (PVL≥10%) HTLV‐1 infection. Two patients with non‐ATL HTLV‐1 infection (HKU and TCD) had “ATL‐like” (CD7−) immunophenotype as highlighted in red color. Statistical analysis: Spearman test. * denotes P < 0.05, ** denotes P < 0.01, *** denotes P < 0.001. r= correlation coefficient. (B) Integration site analysis by vectorette showing presence of dominant band. MT2 and NTC are positive and negative control, respectively.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
15,323 |
We believe the use of insular ECoG should be considered in all modified hemispherectomy cases for two reasons. Firstly, there is a relatively high possibility of insular involvement in hemispherectomy candidates. The existence of bidirectional interconnections between the amygdalo-hippocampal formation and the insula was confirmed by an electrophysiological study . Given that the amygdalo-hippocampal formation is the most commonly involved brain structure in intractable epilepsy, the insular cortex should be considered the critical part of the epileptic network in these children. The residual insular cortex was positively correlated with persistent postoperative seizures in failed hemispherectomy patients .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
287,960 |
There was less efficiency in semen collection after detomidine induction, and most males had less concentrated sperm with low vigor and motility (P <0.05; Table 1). These differences may be related to the specificity of R-α-2 binding of each sedative. The detomidine had underperformed the medetomidine for presenting lower specificity, causing insufficient relaxation of the vas deferens and thus resulting in a shortage of sperm into the urethra. The lower sperm concentration found in the detomidine group compared to medetomidine resulted in a greater amount of seminal fluid. This can lead to osmotic changes, which negatively affect the sperm membrane and interfere with sperm viability, as reported by (Sousa et al., 2016) in six-banded armadillos. The only parameter that did not show any statistical difference was the semen volume.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
22,883 |
The human reference genome assembly remains a critical resource for the biological and clinical research communities (International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium 2001, 2004). It is distinguished from the growing number of human genome assemblies in public databases by virtue of its long contig and scaffold N50s, high base-pair accuracy, and robust representations of repetitive and segmentally duplicated genomic regions, all of which reflect the clone-based assembly approach and Sanger sequencing methods that were the basis of its generation. In particular, it was the use of large insert BAC clones (>150 kb inserts) and the deep coverage provided by multiple end-sequenced clone libraries, coupled with extensive use of radiation hybrid, genetic linkage, and fingerprint maps, that made it possible to span large repetitive regions and achieve the as-yet unsurpassed contiguity of the reference. Assembled from the DNA of multiple donors, the reference was intended to provide representation for the pan-human genome, rather than a single individual or population group, and is a mosaic of haplotypes whose borders coincide with the underlying clone boundaries.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
85,555 |
Fonseca et al. (2003) and Machado et al. (2013) conducted studies with, respectively, 57 and 107 patients who underwent laparoscopic hepatectomies. Blood transfusion was required in 29.8% and 18.7% of patients, respectively. There was no operative mortality in both studies. The rate of postoperative complications was 57.9% in the first study and 14.9% in the second. It is clear, therefore, that there has been an advance in the art of laparoscopic hepatectomy, as the percentage of complications and the volume of blood loss have been decreasing.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
199,694 |
A highly contagious disease, COVID-19, is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. This virus was first detected in Wuhan (central China) in December 2019, but as early as mid-January 2020, the virus had quickly spread throughout China. On 13 January 2020, the first case outside China was confirmed, and on 24 January, the first case in Europe was reported. By the second half of February 2020, outbreaks with hundreds of cases had erupted in South Korea, Italy and Iran1, and on 11 March 2020, COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization2. To date, over 180 million infections and almost 4 million deaths have been reported globally3.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
51,597 |
BH4 –AuNPs with a concentration of 1524 nM were prepared as follow51. Briefly, 100.0 μL 50.0 mM mixture solution of HAuCl4 and HCl was added, with vigorous stirring, to 9.6 mL DI water. Then, 400.0 μL 50.0 mM mixture solution of NaBH4 and NaOH was added and stirred for 15 min. The synthesized AuNPs were characterized by TEM, DLS, and UV–vis spectroscopy, and the results are shown in Figs S9b, S10b and S11b.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
310,376 |
FP, flank pain; AbP, abdominal pain; BP, back pain; PM, palpable mass; Hmt, hematuria; fv, fever; RN, radical nephrectomy; PN, partial nephrectomy; RNU, radical nephroureterectomy; RT, radiotherapy; IVC, inferior vena cava; LNs, lymph nodes; Rp, retroperitoneal; Abd, abdominal; wt, weight; CSF, cancer free survival; OS, overall survival.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
5,497 |
To evaluate whether the Fe/ZnO assisted solar-PCD system is applicable to natural water systems, 10 L samples of each of tap (municipal supply), river, well and pond water were collected in clean and autoclaved glass bottles and stored at 4 °C. All the natural water samples were independently filtered by using Nylon membrane filter and centrifuged at 5000 rpm to remove insoluble materials, followed by autoclaving to eliminate existing microbial load. These water samples and also de-ionized water were spiked with 1.2 × 107 CFU/mL of MDR E. coli and similar steps of solar-PCD were carried out with 0.5 g/L of Fe/ZnO NPs.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
213,886 |
Analysis of sGC/cGMP/PKG-induced phosphorylated proteins was the next important step in characterizing platelet inhibitory mechanisms. After incubation of platelets with different NO donors and a direct sGC stimulator riociguat they were analyzed by quantitative phosphoproteomic methods ( and our still ongoing project) to unravel platelet inhibitory mechanisms. Increased phosphorylation upon PKG stimulation was detected on more than 150 proteins, including known PKG substrates like VASP, PDE5, Rap1GAP2, and others, and, similar to PKA effects, decreased the phosphorylation of more than 60 proteins. PKA and PKG have an overlapping substrate specificity and all the above-mentioned functionally validated PKA substrates are targets of PKG.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
68,247 |
As shown in Fig. 1, 31P is not only found in mineral hydroxyapatite in vivo but also in liquid-state molecules (mainly PCr and ATP). Moreover, the T1 of PCr or ATP is ~10 times smaller than the T1 of hydroxyapatite , such that the short TR used for ZTE is likely to enhance 31P signal of PCr and ATP. This raises the question of possible contamination of the signal of bone voxels by non-apatite molecules on 31P-ZTE images. Both theoretical and experimental data argue against such a contamination. Based on the molar mass of hydroxyapatite (402 g/mol for three phosphorus atoms) and on hydroxyapatite density in bone (3800 g/L), the concentration of 31P atoms in mineral bone can be assessed to ~30 mol/L. This is several orders of magnitude higher than PCr or ATP concentrations in soft tissues (~30 mmol/L for PCr in skeletal muscle ). Moreover, cortical bone is mainly made of hydroxyapatite crystals and collagen, with a low cell content so that ATP and PCr concentrations in cortical bone are expected to be much smaller than in soft tissue. Therefore, the contribution of liquid-state molecules to the 31P signal of bone voxels is likely to be negligible as compared to the contribution of hydroxyapatite. This statement is supported by our experimental results: as illustrated by Figs. 3b, c, no significant 31P signal is detected in soft tissues on ZTE images of the rat head. This holds true for skeletal muscle which has the highest PCr and ATP contents among soft tissues and is detected with a higher sensitivity than the skull due to the proximity of the muscle to the surface RF coil. This observation confirms earlier 31P-MRI studies of the wrist bone in vivo , showing no detectable signal from skeletal muscle.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
265,223 |
To establish the link between tremor and pathology in our model, we profiled the duration and intensity of tremors in a time-sampling manner over a period of 10 minutes with 1-minute duration for each measurement (minute 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9) and 1-minute break between measurements (minutes 2, 4, 6, and 8), as described in ref. 38. Tremor intensity was evaluated using a 4-point ranked scale, as follows: 0, no tremor; 1, weak tremor in limited areas, such as forelimbs and hindlimbs; 2, moderate tremor in extended areas including limbs, upper body, trunk, and head; and 3, intense tremor over the whole body. Tremor evaluation was performed during postnatal development at P1, P3, P5, P7, P10, and P14 by 2 blinded individuals. Data were averaged for the 10-minute observation period for each genotype on each day of the study.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
206,341 |
Tab 1: Raw data for Figs 1B–1E, 2B, and 4B and S1C and S1D Fig. Tab 2: Raw data for Fig 2A and 2B. Tab 3: Raw data for S1A Fig (MERS-CoV data). Tab 4: Raw data for S1A Fig (HCoV-229E data). Tab 5: Raw data for S1B Fig. Tab 6: Raw data for Fig 3A. Tab 7: Raw data for Fig 3B. Tab 8: Raw data for Fig 3C–3F. Tab 9: Raw data for Fig 3G. Tab 10: Raw data for Fig 3I. Tab 11: Raw data for Fig 4D. Tab 12: Raw data for Fig 5A. Tab 13: Raw data for Fig 5B. Tab 14: Raw data for Fig 5C. Tab 15: Raw data for S4B Fig. Tab 16: Raw data for S4C Fig. Tab 17: Raw data for S11D Fig. Tab 18: Raw data for S11E Fig. Tab 19: Raw data for S11G Fig and S11G Fig. Tab 20: Raw data for S11H Fig. Tab 21: Raw data for S11J Fig. Tab 22: Raw data S11J Fig. HCoV, human coronavirus; MERS-CoV, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
13,703 |
Hydrogen production is the largest use of syngas, with steam methane reforming (SMR) being the predominant technology, which is a well-established process with two main reactions, reforming and water gas shift reaction . In order to use the hydrogen obtained by this method, an extra purification step is necessary. Apart from hydrogen, carbon dioxide is mainly generated during the process (15–20%) among other gases . In this sense, gas separation using membranes has been extensively investigated as one of the most energy efficient separation processes, and as a strong alternative to conventional purification systems.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
290,518 |
Furthermore, our work clearly further demonstrates how complex the relationship is between sensory abilities and diet-related phenotypes. This aspect suggests that many factors must be included in this kind of study and that appropriate statistical instruments—such as, for example, structural equation modelling or conditional recursive partitioning analysis—are needed.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
226,979 |
There have been a number of studies using STOPS in the context of behavioral intention research, in order to examine how communication behavior and behavioral intention are linked. Villafranca, et al. state that communication problems can occur in hospital environments because of disruptive activities. It is necessary for suitable communication behaviors to be present at health facilities in order to produce ideal health intentions. The work of Rosenstein showed that disruptive behaviors can put pressure on staff relationships and could restrict communications. Medical teams that lack coordination and have poor collaboration with others can bring about negative results to their patients requiring intense care . Strong communication skills and sufficient levels of respect in health workplaces reduce disruptive behaviors, therefore facilitating greater patient safety . Effective communications can bring about positive reception and selection of information for effective response, in line with the receiver’s needs. The work of Sultan, et al. found that effective communications can bring about positive perceptions of the messages, as intended, therefore encouraging the intended activities. Information is more likely to be selected by patients when they feel it would benefit their conditions. Additionally, Kim, Shen and Morgan showed that when an individual’s communication behavior was more positive regarding organ donation, then their donation behavioral intention would also be greater. Rimal put forward the notion that when individuals have enough information on a desired topic, they will be in a stronger position to instigate the necessary behavioral changes. Lee and Rodriguez showed that individuals who actively looked for bioterrorism information had greater preference for taking actions throughout bioterrorism attacks (before, during, and after). In line with this, research into tuberculosis infections in Mexican Americans showed that individuals with greater focus on media cues also had stronger intentions to take part in TB health behaviors . Shi, et al. investigated the properties related to middle-aged Japanese men’s health habits changes and presented the finding that consciously looking for health information had a high correlation with positive changes in health behaviors. Additionally, through a cervical cancer prevention campaign, it was found that information acquisition had a positive correlation with HPV vaccination Yoo, Kim and Lee .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
143,643 |
The specificity of Aptamer-4 was tested by evaluating its binding to bovine serum albumin (BSA). BSA is commonly used as a control protein to test the specificity of aptamers . The binding assay was repeated using BSA as the target protein and same increasing concentrations of Aptamer-4. No detectable binding was observed between BSA and Aptamer-4, indicating a high degree of specificity of Aptamer-4 toward its target MSA-R2c protein.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
297,688 |
The study protocol was approved by the local ethical committee (O.p.B.A. of the Istituto Zooprofilattico of Teramo “G. Caporale”, Prot.2021/0000338/GEN/GEN). Healthy male water buffalo calves aged 2 months-1 year who were presented for castration at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH) of the University of Teramo were prospectively recruited (ASA I, American Society of Anesthesiologists). Buffalo owners were aware of the procedure that was going to be undertaken and signed an informed consent form. Cattle were weighed and monitored on arrival at the clinic. To allow animals to adapt to the new environment prior to baseline behavioural assessment, they were maintained for 48 h in a stall with free access to feed and water.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
147,876 |
Sgt1 was first identified in yeast as a regulator of SCF (Skp1-Cul1-F-box) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, and later on, its expression was confirmed in the mammalian tissues such as the brain, liver, and lungs . Sgt1 interacts with HSP90 through its CHORD domain, and together Sgt1-HSP90 ensures the proper kinetochore assembly . Sgt1’s role as a co-chaperone was established by observing that Sgt1 levels are upregulated upon heat shock, and Sgt1 prevents aggregate formation in citrate synthase aggregation assay .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
19,163 |
The university of Ibadan Social Sciences and Humanities ethic committee approved the study. Voluntary participation, informed (verbal) consent, confidentiality, and respondent anonymity were strictly observed. The inclusion of participants was voluntary and verbal consent was obtained from each participant. Participants were guaranteed confidentiality and anonymity. Furthermore, participants were assured that the research findings were for academic use only. Overall, the study was conducted in line with the research ethics policy of the University of Ibadan.
| 2 | 2other
| 1Other
|
362,071 |
While haematological changes associated with malaria have been well-characterized 6, 8, 9, it is possible that factors such as differences in demographic settlements could also influence observed changes. However, there is relatively limited data on the differences in haematological indices of malaria-infected people in rural, peri-urban and urban settlements, especially in the forested zones. The aim of this study was to investigate the haematological indices of malaria-infected individuals across these different settlements.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
300,058 |
In the striatum, virtually all cholinergic cells co-express the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) and VGLUT3 . In the basal forebrain (horizontal diagonal band of Broca), cholinergic neurons also co-express VGLUT3, however, in a more restricted way . Some of these cells project to the internal plexiform layer of the main olfactory bulb, although electrophysiological measurements showed that postsynaptic currents are derived from nicotinic and GABAergic activation rather than glutamatergic . Other cells from the basal forebrain project to the basolateral amygdala and express both choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and VGLUT3 . Interestingly, in the amygdala, some CCK and CB1R-positive interneurons also express VGLUT3 . In the striatum, VGLUT3 plays a crucial role in the vesicular loading of ACh and excites local fast-spiking interneurons via both α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) (both are ionotropic glutamatergic) receptors. It is thought that this co-release of Glu and ACh plays a role in the regulation of locomotor activity . Similar results were found in basal forebrain nuclei such as the medial septum, diagonal bands, and nucleus basalis .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
326,647 |
If a participant has taken an antibiotic in the last 3 months before a follow-up visit, submucosa samples will be collected, the results of clinical examinations (surface roughness) will be recorded, and X-ray examinations will be conducted. The data obtained from this follow-up will be discarded. However, we still include this participant in the following visits and do the regular periodontal maintenance. If there was no antibiotic use within 3 months prior to the next follow-ups, the data will be recorded.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
68,770 |
Iron has long been recognized as essential, but its nutritional status is nonetheless characterized by many challenges and unknowns, especially when the focus is pregnancy and infancy. Iron plays key roles in oxygen transport by red blood cells (RBC), energy production, growth and development, functions particularly important during the demands in pregnancy and infancy for hematopoiesis, growth and development. Much attention has been given to conditions of iron deficiency (ID) during these vulnerable life stages, but more recently questions have arisen about the effects of iron supplementation when individuals are iron-replete. Resolving these questions in general as well as in the case of pregnancy and infancy requires better understanding of iron homeostasis, biological adaptations, approaches to determining iron status, and the risk from not only too little but also too much iron.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
234,751 |
Transverse sections of the shoots after 25 days of the process of rhizogenesis rooting in Rosa “Hurdal” in phenological stages in BBCH scale (Meier et al., 2009) H3−69 629 (end of flowering of the second-order stem—all petals have fallen) in control—the control cuttings without rooting enhancers and after treatment IBA—Ukorzeniacz Aaqua (0.4% IBA). Designation of signs: ca, callus; c, cambium; co, cortex; cr, crystals; p, pith; pr, pith rays; s, sclerenchyma; nv, new vessels/vascular bundles; ew, earlywood; lw, latewood; fr, forming root.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
383,386 |
We start with the scenario where the infection status is known and then move on to when it is unknown. We can break down the probability of measured RFIs and infection status into two components:1\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$P\left( {t_j^{{{\mathrm{M}}}},t_j^{{{\mathrm{C}}}},{{{\mathbf{I}}}}_{{{\mathbf{j}}}}|{{{\mathbf{\theta }}}},{{{\mathbf{X}}}}_{{{\mathbf{j}}}}} \right) = P\left( {t_j^{{{\mathrm{M}}}},t_j^{{{\mathrm{C}}}}|{{{\mathbf{I}}}}_{{{\mathbf{j}}}},{{{\mathbf{\theta }}}},{{{\mathbf{X}}}}_{{{\mathbf{j}}}}} \right)P\left( {{{{\mathbf{I}}}}_{{{\mathbf{j}}}}|{{{\mathbf{\theta }}}},{{{\mathbf{X}}}}_{{{\mathbf{j}}}}} \right).$$\end{document}PtjM,tjC,Ij∣θ,Xj=PtjM,tjC∣Ij,θ,XjPIj∣θ,Xj.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
245,496 |
While definitions of multimorbidity vary in number (e.g., 2 or more versus 3 or more chronic conditions) and in the chronic conditions considered , there is consistent and strong evidence in the literature that an increasing level of multimorbidity is associated with lower self-reported health [2–6]. Self-reported health is a commonly used and reliable measure in health research because of its demonstrated association with morbidity and mortality [7, 8]. Since the 1950s, hundreds of studies have demonstrated that lower self-reported health is associated with higher levels of both morbidity and mortality – especially among older adults . Self-reported health captures individual subjective assessments of health by asking one simple question, “In general, would you say that your health is excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor?”. The response to this question is known to be influenced by knowledge of one’s own health, social norms, or expectations of illness, as well as illness acceptance [11–14].
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
351,165 |
In situ UPS and XPS measurements were carried out in a multifunctional ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) VT-SPM system (Omicron Instruments for Surface Science). The base pressure in the analysis chamber was ~3 × 10−10 mbar. In the case of UPS measurements, He I (21.2 eV) was the excitation source. A −5 V sample bias was applied to measure the sample WF which is determined by the linear extrapolation of the low kinetic energy part of UPS spectra. In our experimental set-up, WF = Ek − 0.7 eV. Using an Al Kα source (1486.6 eV), XPS measurements were performed. Moreover, the binding energy of all UPS and XPS spectra was calibrated using a sputtered clean gold sample. Considering the damage induced by photoelectrons and secondary electrons as well as the degradation of organic monolayer at high X-ray fluence , the duration of each scan was limited to less than 3 min to minimize the damage. Sample was mounted with Ta strips to a sample stub containing a built-in resistive heater in the preparing chamber. Each annealing step consisted of raising the temperature to a target value with the ramp time ~15 min, and then they were kept for 30 min before cooled down to room temperature (RT) for UPS and XPS analysis. After annealing, it was transferred to analysis chamber without exposing to air. The annealing temperature was calibrated using a thermocouple attached near to the sample. The morphology changes of OTS and PTES before and after vacuum annealing ware investigated by AFM (Veeco D3000, tapping mode).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
30,591 |
Paired‐end sequence reads were aligned to the human reference genome (GRCh37) using BWA, SAMtools was used to convert files to BAM format, to which mate pair information was added. PCR duplicates were marked using Picard‐Tools’ “MarkDuplicates” feature and were excluded from downstream analysis. Fragment lengths were analysed using Picard‐Tools’ “CollectInsertSizeMetrics”. CNA calling was performed in R using the program QDNAseq (Scheinin et al, 2014). Briefly, sequence reads were allocated into equally sized (here 1 Mb and 50‐kb bins) non‐overlapping bins throughout the length of the genome. Read counts in each bin were corrected to account for sequence GC content and mappability, and regions corresponding to previously “blacklisted” regions (ENCODE) were excluded from downstream analysis. Within the QDNAseq package, bins were segmented using the “Circular Binary Segmentation” algorithm (Venkatraman & Olshen, 2007) and significantly “amplified” or “lost” regions were called using CGHcall (van de Wiel et al, 2007).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
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