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328,344 |
Model 3. Out of the five predictors, only gender (women compared with men, β = −0.482, p = 0.051) was not significant. This model explained 10.1% (p < 0.001) of the overall variance where country (Germany compared with France, β = −1.005, p < 0.001), Godin Index (β = 0.018, p < 0.001), nature exposure (β = 0.409, p < 0.010), and professional status (β = 0.170, p < 0.050) were all positively associated with psychological health.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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341,001 |
Our findings have a number of implications. The first relates to DUX4 function and role in pathology. Currently, investigation of DUX4 target genes in FSHD has been performed in myoblast cell lines (26,29,30,47,62) where DUX4 and its target genes lead to pro-apoptotic and anti-myogenic effects (26–28,47). Interestingly, LCL lines proliferate in the presence of endogenous DUX4 expression and both early and late DUX4 target genes, and so seem more refractory to the apoptosis normally induced by DUX4 in myogenic cells, and many other cell type cells (28,63). Moreover, differential white cell counts in FSHD patient peripheral blood shows no significant differences in absolute numbers of B-cells compared to controls, but a raised CD8+ cell count (35). Genes associated with the immune system are also dysregulated by DUX4 in myogenic cells (29), and DUX4 promotes immune evasion in cancer cells by blocking interferon-γ regulated major histocompatibility complex class 1 genes, so reducing antigen presentation (64). In addition, a DUX4-IGH fusion gene is present in a significant proportion of adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia patients, where it binds DUX4 response elements and alters the canonical gene expression profile (43,44). Since DUX4 is continuously expressed in FSHD LCLs and early and late DUX4 target genes are present, this implies modification of immune cell function. Suppressing DUX4 is currently the focus of several studies/trials into potential therapeutic strategies for FSHD (65–67) and so muscle-localized immune cells, as well as myogenic cells, may need to be targeted.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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16,142 |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) is solely a pathogen of humans and infects one-third of the global population, killing 1.5 million people each year.1 Drug resistance in TB is increasing and there are relatively few new drugs on the horizon. Novel approaches to therapy require an understanding of the immunopathology of TB. Lung tissue destruction is a hallmark of pulmonary TB2 and is key for transmission of infection. Reduced tissue oxygenation has been noted in animal models of TB,3 4 but hypoxia in human disease has not been investigated although it may have a significant effect on the host response. The pathology of human TB is different from most animal models.2 Furthermore, although extensive lung damage is found in TB, the effect of hypoxia on proinflammatory tissue destruction in TB has not been explored.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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110,565 |
The present native-space study shows that MOH patients had decreased volumes of left hemisphere temporal superior gyrus, fusiform gyrus and occipital middle gyrus, together with an increased volume of the left frontal sulcus and the left inferior lateral ventricle. Left temporal volume was negatively correlated with depression score and dependence parameters (MDQ-H score and number of medication taken per month). Moreover, seed based tractography of the hippocampus revealed a decreased number of reconstructed fibers passing through the left hippocampus in MOH patients compared to HC. All of these findings, revealed in different types of analysis, highlight a brain asymmetry in MOH patients. These data suggest that left hemisphere temporal areas may play a specific role in pathophysiology of MOH.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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350,457 |
With regard to the metabolites desethyl‐terbuthylazine (MT1), hydroxy‐terbuthylazine (MT13) and desethyl‐hydroxy‐terbuthylazine (MT14) that have passed step 3 of the guidance (see table 1.2 in European Commission, 2003) a consumer exposure and risk assessment was conducted for the sum of these metabolites as they were predicted as co‐occurring above 0.1 μg/L in all eight FOCUS groundwater scenarios (see Section Environmental fate and behaviour), they are found among the residues on treated commodities (EFSA, 2011) and the same toxicological reference values are applicable to these metabolites.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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181,747 |
The bone marrow niche also provides information that regulates BMSC lineage commitment. Sensory nerves can induce osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by downregulating sympathetic nerve activity. Local elevation of prostaglandin E2 triggers EP4 receptors in sensory nerves and inhibits adipogenesis (Hu et al., 2020). Mechanical forces facilitate osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and prohibit BMA production (Ozcivici et al., 2010). During mechanical loading, modulation of actin regulates ERK and AKT pathways to induce BMSC differentiation (Li et al., 2015). mTORC2 also plays a role in strain-induced cytoskeletal reorganization. Deletion of mTORC2 in BMSCs abolishes osteogenic differentiation and facilitates adipogenic differentiation (Sen et al., 2014). Endocrine molecules also influence BMSC differentiation. Estrogen acts on estrogen receptor-α and has been shown to suppress adipogenesis (Rooney and van der Meulen, 2017). Both BMSCs and BMAs express the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor, and inhibition of its interaction with FSH prevents adipogenesis (Liu et al., 2017). Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates bone metabolism and inhibits the differentiation of BMSCs toward BMAs (Fan et al., 2017). Moreover, BMAs express PTH1R, and PTH can induce adipogenic lipolysis, which further diminishes adipogenesis in the bone marrow niche (Maridas et al., 2019). Leptin also regulates bone metabolism (Cohen et al., 1996); hypothalamic or subcutaneous administration of leptin has been shown to impair obesity-induced marrow adiposity (Hamrick et al., 2005; Ambati et al., 2010). Overall, several factors control BMSCs differentiation fate, and further work are needed to identify novel regulators.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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365,429 |
In the mediation model assessing the role of repetitive negative thinking in mediating the relationship between positive’ maladaptive metacognitive beliefs and emotional distress, there was a significant indirect effect of repetitive negative thinking (ab = 0.44, BCa 95% CIs = 0.19–0.81). There was no direct effect, indicating full mediation. However, it should be noted that there was a negative relationship between positive’ maladaptive metacognitive beliefs and emotional distress.
| 1 | 2other
| 0Study
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374,803 |
A randomized double-blind study with a relatively small sample size of 58 in-patients, compared parenteral administration of ampicillin (4x 1 g) plus sulbactam (4x 0.5 g) with that of cefoxitin (4x 1 g) for treatment of skin and skin appendage infections, and cefazolin (4x 0.5g) in cases of “cellulitis” (which here most likely refers to “limited phlegmons”). In “cellulitis” treatment success (cure or significant improvement) was achieved with ampicillin/sulbactam and cefazolin in 100% and 91.7% of cases within 7.7 and 7.2 days and in the other SSTIs, treatment success with ampicillin/sulbactam and cefoxitin was achieved in 80% and 64.7% of in-patient cases within 7.7 and 9.4 days respectively. Overall, there were no significant differences in efficacy and adverse effects between the treatment groups .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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240,287 |
Additionally, the shape of nanoparticles does not affect the viscosity of the nanofluid greatly. Main et al. studied the viscosity of rod, needle, and sphere-shaped Al2O3-1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide ([C4mim] [NTf2]) nanofluids. The viscosity did not vary greatly between the different shaped nanoparticles. Furthermore, Zhu et al. studied the viscosity of the CuO–dimethicone nanofluid with wire and spherical-shaped nanoparticles. At a steady temperature of 25 °C, the viscosity of the nanoparticles increased with volume concentration. However, there was no clear change in the viscosity of the two nanofluids based on the different shaped nanoparticles used.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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247,981 |
Alteration of PLEK2 in HNSCC. (A) The summary of alteration types of PLEK2 and corresponding frequencies in cBioPortal. (B) The summary of mutation sites of PLEK2 in cBioPortal. (C) The KM survival curve between PLEK2‐altered and PLEK2‐unaltered groups in cBioPortal. (D) The overview of mutation types of PLEK2 in the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC). (E) The overview of substitutional mutation types of PELK2 in the COSMIC database
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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315,299 |
In both countries, an interviewer-led questionnaire was administered using electronic data capture (CsPro version 6.3/Survey CTO version 2 on a Samsung Galaxy tab-4) to obtain information relating to socio-demographic characteristics and 24hr food consumption and eating practices. For the latter, interviewers noted all food and drink consumed by participants in/out-side of the home in the previous 24hr. They also recorded how long an eating episode lasts (‘tempo’), time of day of the eating episode (‘periodicity’), who participants eat with and where (‘synchronisation’) (Supplementary file 2: 24hr recall). To facilitate data collection, a pre-defined list of food items (Ghana n = 229 and Kenya n = 270) was inputted into the electronic data collection template. The development of these food lists was informed first from an earlier study in Ghana (Osei-Kwasi et al., 2019-a) and adapted for Kenya, the subsequent food list was discussed with local partners in all cities and communities to incorporate their knowledge of food consumption locally. Data were collected between June-December 2017, so over a 7 month period covering both dry and rainy seasons, therefore seasonality did not impact on food consumption data. From local knowledge, the day to day variation of dietary intake is low in the context of these urban poor communities, meaning that one 24hr recall is probably a good reflection of eating practices; we also asked participants whether this was a usual day before beginning the 24 h recall and arranged to return on another day if it was not.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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199,882 |
GN11 cells maintained in the serum-free medium were stimulated with WT and mutant SEMA3A concentrated conditioned media for 20 minutes. Western blot was used to detect the expression of pFAK and FAK in cell lysates. Each experiment was performed at least three times.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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312,273 |
Compared to its eukaryotic macrobiota, much less is known about the diversity, evolution, and ecology of Lake Baikal eukaryotic microbiota. Routine monitoring of Lake Baikal plankton has been carried out using light microscopy for more than 60 years . These studies showed seasonally recurrent changes in phytoplankton as well as long-term changes that may be explained by global warming. Furthermore, the previous studies pointed to phytoplankton spatial heterogeneity in spring, also indicating a high productivity of picophytoplankton (up to 60% of phytoplankton biomass in some years). Microscopy studies of Baikal protists indicated both cosmopolitan freshwater species as well as examples of endemicity . More detailed studies of diatoms and dinoflagellates revealed the existence of species flocks. Recently, two studies have investigated the diversity of protist communities in Lake Baikal using metabarcoding. The first study provided insights on the genetic diversity of protists from the southern basin of Lake Baikal (see Figure 1), pointing to novel diversity. Another study investigated co-occurrence networks of bacteria and microbial eukaryotes during the spring season , indicating positive correlations between specific Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) as well as the influence of geography on the microbial community structure. Despite the insights provided by these studies, more efforts are needed in order to understand protist diversity and evolution in Lake Baikal. The main reasons are related to the huge lake size, which provides many different niches in upper or deeper waters, open waters or bays, as well as the lake’s age, which, different to most widely-studied younger lakes, has allowed evolutionary diversification to take place in situ. Such evolutionary analyses, so far barely considered in previous studies, should provide important information about endemism in Lake Baikal protists as well as protist phylogeography in fresh waters.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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22,946 |
An early 16th century Franciscan missionary recorded that the Nahuatl doctors “cure well . . . eye illnesses and cut the fleshy growth [cortar la carnaza] from them.”21 He specified that “The cataracts [Las cataratas] of the eyes have to be scraped and abraded [se han de raspar y raer]” with a root.21 Presumably this condition actually represented ocular surface opacities, such as pterygium. Alternatively, one could “scrape the inside of the eyelids [rasparse lo interior de los parparos]” with an herb.21 Bleeding and purging were also used. A branching lesion on the eye (presumably a pterygium) was removed by lifting with a thorn [“Lo enramado de los ojos, se ha de procurar cortar la telilla alzandola con alguna espina”].21 Then, mother’s milk was applied to the eyes.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
338,357 |
SIRT proteins play an important role in the survival and drug resistance of cancer cells. Typically, protein functions were associated with the repair of double-strand DNA breaks, cell-cycle progression and chromosome stability in biological functions and metabolism 22,23. The effects of MHY2245 on SIRT1 and HDAC1 enzyme activities were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). As shown in Figure 2A, inhibition of SIRT1 enzyme activity by MHY2245 was more potent than suramin (a well-known SIRT1 inhibitor). Trichostatin A, a potent HDAC1 inhibitor, significantly inhibited HDAC1 enzyme activity, but MHY2245 is exerts a modest effect on HDAC1. The SIRT1, SIRT2, and SIRT6 protein levels were significantly reduced in SKOV3 cells after MHY2245 or DOX treatment (Figure 2C and 2D). Immunocytochemical (ICC) analysis showed that the nuclear expression of SIRT1 and SIRT6 proteins were dramatically reduced in SKOV3 cells by MHY2245 or DOX treatment (Figure 2E and 2F).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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86,267 |
A549 cells were seeded in 10 cm culture dishes and exposed to 5, 10, 50, or 100 μg/mL Al, Pb, Cu, Mn, Fe, or control medium for 24 h. Additional metal mixtures of Al, Pb and Cu were prepared with ratio as Al:Pb:Cu = 24:9:1. A549 cells were seeded in 10 cm culture dishes and exposed to 500 μg/mL PM2.5, 5, 10, or 50 μg/mL metal mixture or control medium for 24 h. Cells were harvested for total RNA and protein extraction. qRT-PCR assays were performed as description . The primer sequences are: RPL37 forward 5′-TCGCAATAAGACGCACACGTT-3′ and 5′-CTCATTCGACCAGTTCCGGT-3′, UBA52 forward 5′-AAGACAAGGAGGGTATCCCAC-3′, UBA52 reverse 5′-TGTTGTAGTCTGAGAGAGTGCG, and cyclophilin A forward 5′-CCCACCGTGTTCTTCGACATT-3′, reverse 5′-GGACCCGTATGCTTTAGGATGA-3′. All of the experiments were performed in triplicate. The mRNA levels were relative to cyclophilin A for the indicated gene.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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51,822 |
A structure of Δ-Rh was obtained by single crystal X-ray diffraction and verifies the Δ-configuration at the rhodium center (Fig. 3). As expected, affected by the lanthanide contraction, the period 5 transition metal complex Δ-Rh and its period 6 congener Δ-Ir possess almost identical structures. For example, the lengths of the bonds between the transition metals and the cyclometalating benzoxazoles differ just in the range of 0.009 and 0.022 Å. However, the bonds to the coordinated acetonitrile ligands are notably longer in Δ-Rh compared to Δ-Ir by 0.041–0.043 Å, thereby indicating more exchange labile acetonitrile ligands in Δ-Rh.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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394,748 |
The conducted research shows that extracts obtained from plants of the Apiaceae family can be a valuable raw material in the cosmetics industry. Their addition in a concentration of up to 5% has a positive effect on the proliferation of examined skin cells.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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185,912 |
The Na+ adsorption on HCl-activated PBC, WSBC and SBC surface had clear S-type character according to the Giles classification (Figure A3). In the case of all biochars modified by HCl, the isotherms belong to the second sub-class. The second subgroup includes isotherms for which the surface saturation with adsorbate monolayer has been achieved . According to IUPAC classification, the adsorption curves of all types of HCl-biochars are characteristic of type III. Type III is also characteristic of macroporous adsorbents, but in this case, the adsorbent–adsorbent interactions are weak. In the case of a Type III isotherm, there is no Point B and therefore no identifiable monolayer formation; the adsorbent–adsorbate interactions are now relatively weak, and the adsorbed molecules on Na+ are clustered around the most favorable sites on the surface of a nonporous or macroporous solid. In contrast to a Type II isotherm, the amount of Na+ adsorbed remains finite at the given concentration .
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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264,914 |
The current consumer demand in terms of product naturalness has forced the evolution of market preferences towards the exploitation of resources of biological origins . While plants have been thoroughly employed for multiple applications by a wide range of industrial sectors, seaweeds are still considered an underexploited natural resource in Western countries . In this regard, greater efforts are underway by facing the introduction of algal products in these countries, based on their reported health benefits, wellness and gastronomic properties . Such bioactive features have raised the interest in the exploitation of algae in economically important sectors, as it is the case of food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries . Among them, pigments have achieved much interest in algal research since they constitute a characteristic feature involved in the taxonomic classification and identification of these marine organisms. Indeed, three major families of seaweeds are defined according to their prominent coloration: green, red and brown seaweeds, which corresponding to three different phyla Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta and Ochrophyta, respectively. As a matter of fact, the chemical composition of seaweeds is highly different among phyla, especially pigments, but there are additional factors that play a significant role in the production of these compounds, such as seasonality, geographical area of harvesting and other environmental factors .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
345,345 |
With the spread of smart devices and increasing awareness of the importance of health, biosensors for simple and easy health management are receiving more attention. It is difficult to detect abnormalities in the body and diseases before they occur since the body consists of complex mechanisms that are not revealed. When an abnormality is felt, it may already be serious, which makes recovery difficult. Therefore, analysis of data obtained from the body is essential for a more convenient and healthy life. One of the methods for quickly finding abnormalities in the body is the use of a biosensor that detects biological information such as temperature and blood in the body. Biosensors that obtain biodata, which are information about the body, are currently being used for medical purposes such as independent health checkups and monitoring treatment progress by putting an analysis system inside the sensor. If a biosensor is developed in a wearable form for more convenient use, health monitoring can be applied not only in hospitals but also in daily life . As the use of smart devices becomes more popular, the development of appropriate sensors is essential, as is the development of sensors applicable to the security and biomedical fields.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
94,053 |
Risk factors for incomplete vaccination may be different from the risk factors for nonvaccination. A global review of the grey literature by Favin et al. found that the main reasons for incomplete vaccination were bad experiences at the immunization centre (health workers’ poor treatment of mothers, long waiting time, unavailability of drugs), missed opportunities (health workers’ refusal to immunize sick children, turning away a child who lacked a vaccination card), fear of side effects, and not knowing whether to return or when. Rainey et al. in their systematic review noted that factors such as parental education, cultural mores, and religious beliefs were more likely to be associated with nonvaccination than with incomplete vaccination , .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
346,184 |
Genetic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 can either target the whole viral genome or specific genetic variations such as single nucleotide polymorphisms and indels through the use of next-generation sequencing or quantitative real-time PCR with reverse transcription (RT-qPCR).3 However, both sequencing- and PCR-based investigations could be slow in returning results, thereby delaying an effort to contain the outbreak especially for VOCs with greater transmissibility such as Delta (B.1.617.2; R0 of 5-7)4,5 and Omicron (B.1.1.529; R0 estimated to be as high as 10).6 Most importantly, current surveillance technologies require complicated, expensive instruments and expertise in handling and data analysis, resulting in the limited use of these technologies in LMICs2 where disease detection and variant surveillance are critically needed.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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292,680 |
Reviving long‐dormant propagules from natural and curated archives is proving to be a promising method for reconstructing decadal to century‐long records of evolutionary responses to environmental change, including changes associated with climate warming (Hansen et al. 2012; Geerts et al. 2015). For example, ephippia (i.e., resting stage eggs) of freshwater zooplankton recovered from time‐stratified lake sediments have been “resurrected” to reconstruct long‐term records of response to acidification, eutrophication, heavy metal contamination, and warming (Weider et al. 1997; Brendonck and De Meester 2003; Pollard et al. 2003; Derry et al. 2010; De Meester et al. 2011; Yousey et al. 2018). Similarly, sedimentary archives of marine diatom and dinoflagellate cysts have been utilized to reconstruct records of genetic variation and evolutionary responses to salinity, hydrographic, and temperature variation (Härnström et al. 2011; Ribeiro et al. 2013; Hinners et al. 2017; Ellegaard et al. 2018). Seeds also have been revived from stored collections to assess rapid evolution of plants in response to climate‐related drought (Franks et al. 2007; Franks and Weis 2008; Franks and Weis 2009; Franks 2011), and recent work (Summers et al. 2018) indicates that persistent and stratified soil‐stored seed banks can similarly serve as resources for examining ecological and evolutionary processes that shape plant populations over time.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
88,313 |
In this paper, we have analyzed financial and economic data for 27 countries at the sector level and provided a methodology to extract the core-periphery structure of the correlation networks in a binary fashion. The resulting generic rule of thumb was that economic size explained correlations across financial assets. We attribute significant importance to this finding as it provides a way to exactly pin down the sectors which are main drivers of financial fluctuations through the size effect. The way return series are constructed from price data by log differencing, the size differential of the prices across the sectoral indices should disappear due to the normalization. It is known that volatility of variables like firm-growth rates has a scaling relationship with size6. In a comparable context, Eisler et al.13 had shown that persistence of financial time series can be positively correlated to market capitalization. However, both of such features are specific to one time series only. The contribution of this paper is to show that even dispersion in co-movements across financial time-series of multiple sectors can also be explained by the underlying size factors.
| 1 | 2other
| 0Study
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255,594 |
The GIP1-42–GIPR–Gs complexes were imaged using a Titan Krios equipped with a Gatan K3 Summit direct electron detector (Figure 1—figure supplement 2). 2D classification showed a clear secondary structure feature and random distribution of the particles. Different directions of the particles enabled a high-resolution cryo-EM map reconstruction (Figure 1—figure supplement 2B). A total of 295,021 particles were selected after 3D refinement and polishing, leading to an overall resolution of 2.9 Å (Figure 1—figure supplement 2C,D and Table 1).
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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78,632 |
The study also has limitations. Given the recruitment of patients principally from secondary care sites, it is possible that the sample is not truly representative of the overall AD dementia patient population. In addition, caregivers and participants were required to be sufficiently fit to participate in the study, which may represent a selection bias across all severities. It can also be challenging to make comparisons between studies due to different cost estimation methods, making analysis and interpretation of cost and resource data more difficult. Moreover, the 18-month duration of this study is still relatively short for accurately determining correlations between AD dementia severity and rate of cognitive decline or the probability of institutionalisation or death.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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91,634 |
where nH represents the Hill coefficient. In the presence of reducing agent, data were either fit to the Hill equation, the Michaelis-Menten equation, or if the percent inhibition was under 50% at 200 μM F2124–0890, it was assumed that the IC50 value was >200 μM.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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157,632 |
Assuming the X‐rays are perpendicular to the phantom, giving cos θ = 1, the absorbed dose to the homogenous phantom can be written as18, 20 (4)Dphantom=Meanenergyimparted to the phantommass of the phantom=KA·ρ/μen·IFcm phantom·SPD2SPD+cm phantom/22where K A is the air kerma from the primary radiation in the phantom entrance surface, cm phantom is the thickness of the phantom, and SPD is the source‐phantom distance. In this study, the phantom properties for water or PMMA are applied. It is possible to calculate the Dphantom by combining the parameterization of the Birch and Marshall spectra, KA , with the parameterization of the imparted fraction Monte Carlo calculations.3, 5, 19, 21
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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42,675 |
According to the sequences of S-locus F-box-likes genes (SLFLs) in peach genome (Genome Database for Rosaceae, http://www.rosaceae.org/), the primers were designed to clone the six SLFL genes. Finally, only three SLFL genes were specifically expressed in pollen (Figure 1D), and we named them as PperSLFL1, PperSLFL2, and PperSLFL3, respectively. PperSLFL1 located at about 47 kb downstream of PperS2-RNase and the translation direction was opposite to that of PperS2-RNase; PperSLFL2 located at about 26 kb downstream of PperS2-RNase and PperSLFL3 located at about 1.3 kb upstream of PperS2-RNase, and the translation direction of PperSLL2 and PperSLFL3 was the same as that of PperS2-RNase. The three PperSLFL genes did not have introns (Figure 1C). The identity of the predicted amino acid sequences of PperSLFL1, PperSLFL2, and PperSLFL3 was 52.45%. All the PperSLFL proteins contained the basic F-box domain and the FBA domain (Supplemental Figure 3). The phylogenetic tree analysis showed the three PperSLFL genes clustered with other Prunus SLFL genes, which has been reported (Aguiar et al., 2015). The phylogenetic tree had two large lineages. The Prunus SFB genes did not cluster with the pollen S genes of Pyrus and Malus and clustered into a separate lineage. Prunus SLFL genes clustered with Pyrus and Malus SFBB genes in another lineage. This suggested that the evolutionary relationship between Prunus SLFL genes and SFBB genes of Pyrus and Malus was closer than that of between Prunus SLFL genes and Prunus SFB genes (Supplemental Figure 4A).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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233,444 |
Transgenic strains were obtained by microinjection of 20 ng/μl of each virulence factor construct, 20 ng/μl rps-0p::hygR and the coinjection marker unc-122p::GFP, a kind gift from Jean-Louis Bessereau, at a concentration of 40 ng/μl into JDW141 (eft-3p::TIR::P2A:::BFP-NLS-degron::tbb-2 3’UTR). This strain, for use with the auxin-inducible degron system, with an internal degradation control , was a generous gift of Jordan Ward. To generate the control hygR;frIs7 strain (IG1864), 60 ng/μl rps-0p::hygR and 60 ng/μl unc-122p::GFP were microinjected into IG274 (+;frIs7) worms that contain integrated nlp-29p::GFP and col-12p::dsRed reporter transgenes . All other strains were obtained by conventional crosses using various reporter strains (S1 Table).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
339,890 |
However, and with the previously mentioned caution, we have found our results to be coherent with the literature in terms of the different associations between specific motor skills and academic competencies when this variable (academic competence) was considered globally or specifically, for each main academic domain (literacy and mathematics) (Zhang et al., 2019). Our results are also coherent with other studies in that specific fine motor skills have been found to be more closely linked to academic competencies than specific gross motor skills (Grissmer et al., 2010; Pagani et al., 2010; Pagani and Messier, 2012; Gandhi et al., 2013; Cameron et al., 2016; Pitchford et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2019). In fact, in our study, specific gross motor skills were not found to be associated with academic competencies, also in accordance with the results of other authors (Grissmer et al., 2010; Pagani et al., 2010; Pagani and Messier, 2012; Gandhi et al., 2013; Pitchford et al., 2016; Macdonald et al., 2020). However, in the literature, certain results contradict this finding: some authors suggest significant associations between gross motor skills and academic competencies both in the literacy and mathematical domains (Son and Meisels, 2006; Pagani et al., 2010; Abdelkarim et al., 2017; de Waal, 2019).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
179,677 |
Since there is no clear evidence to confirm or rule out an association between ethnicity and outcome in SARS-CoV-2 , every country must study the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on their populations at different health conditions. Emeruwa and his coworker found that Hispanic pregnant women are more susceptible to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and worse pregnancy outcomes . It is expected that infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus during pregnancy may increase the risk of maternal and fetal health complications . As SARS-CoV-2 is still a new disease with limited experience worldwide, it is still early to draw evidence about an increased risk of severe consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection on pregnant women.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
309,991 |
On this study, expression of caspase-3 increase until day 14 compression of spinal cord and also increasing gradually until day 21. Production of caspase inside cell inactive and have to undergo activation of proteolytic in apoptosis, activation of caspase-3 as executor done by initiator caspase resulting in cell death. Another study done also showed chronic compression of spinal cord in cervical resulting to apoptosis mediated by Fas Ligand on neuron cell and oligodendrogliocyte related to activation of caspase-3,-8 and -9 causing neurological deficit progressively . On this study, there is increase in capase-3 expression.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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28,674 |
The end effector of preconditioning through these signaling pathways, which interact with each other at different levels and different time points, is the mPTP, a protein structure—the structure of which is still controversial—located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Inhibition of this high‐conductance pore is considered to be the final step in the protective signal transduction (Griffiths & Halestrap, 1993, 1995; Hausenloy, Maddock, Baxter, & Yellon, 2002; Hausenloy, Ong, & Yellon, 2009). When open, this pore dissipates the transmembrane electrochemical gradient used for ATP generation, resulting in ATP depletion, enhanced ROS production, the failure of energy‐driven membrane ion pumps, solute entry, organelle swelling, and, finally, mitochondrial rupture. The acidosis during the ischemic phase inhibits the formation of the pore. But during the reperfusion phase, the formation of the pore is stimulated due to alkalization of the pH, increasing mitochondrial Ca2+, and ROS (Cohen & Downey, 2015).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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269,940 |
The impedance results of the analyzed powder coatings before and after the corrosion tests are shown in Table 8. Values of the logarithm of impedance at 0.1 Hz below 6 indicate low barrier properties of the anti-corrosion system . The presented measurement results clearly confirm the degrading effect of humidity at 1000 h on the polyester coating. Despite the blistering of the polyester coating around the scribe after exposure to neutral salt spray for 750 h, this type of damage was not observed on the panels without scribe, and the impedance measurements confirm the good barrier properties of this coating, as long as it remains unbroken. The analyzed two-coat powder system retains its protective properties at all given corrosion test times.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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35,396 |
The in situ SHINERS-satellite method demonstrated in this work can be used to identify surface species with vibrational modes in the low wavenumber region. When combined with more traditional characterization techniques such as TEM, XPS, X-ray absorption spectroscopy and IR, as well as DFT calculations, the SHINERS-satellite strategy can provide a deep understanding of structure-activity relationships and reaction mechanisms.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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140,209 |
In a word, our study preliminarily found some differences in chemotherapy-related PM impairment and genetic polymorphisms in breast cancer patients with the disparate HER2. The heterogeneity of CRCI may be rectified by COMT (rs165599, rs737865) polymorphism, and this rectification may possibly show that COMT polymorphism is a risk leading to a lower memory performance in breast cancer patients with disparate HER2.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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272,563 |
The first vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 virus was granted emergency use authorization in the US and became available for use on December 11, 2020.1 This Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine was deployed to the US population through local, regional, territorial, and state departments of health in a tiered manner using a priority group system, based on recommendations of the federal Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. Issues considered for the prioritization included the risk of exposure and likelihood of severe disease. The Centers for Disease and Control and Prevention recommended vaccines be distributed using a phased system with 4 priority groups: phases 1a, 1b, 1c, and 2. Health care personnel (HCP) were in phase 1a.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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267,617 |
There is a great deal of chemical and spatial complexity inherent within saccharides. The structures of even simple saccharides such as glucose are governed by the presence of equilibria between cyclic and linear structures. d-Glucose (1) exists as a mixture (at 27 °C in D2O) of six-membered α-d-glucopyranose (38.8%) and β-d-glucopyranose (60.9%) rings; a small portion of the equilibrium consists of five-membered furanose rings, α-d-glucofuranose (0.14%) and β-d-glucofuranose (0.15%), Figure 1. While glucose may also exist in its acyclic form, this tends to be present in negligible quantities in aqueous solutions (0.0024%).7
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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281,355 |
Figure 1 shows the results for the Lorenz system originally (left side) being in a chaotic state \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\mathbf{X} $$\end{document}X (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\varvec{\pi }=[\sigma =10.0,\rho =167.2,\beta =8/3]$$\end{document}π=[σ=10.0,ρ=167.2,β=8/3]), which then changes to periodic behavior (middle) \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\mathbf{Y} $$\end{document}Y after \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\rho $$\end{document}ρ is changed to \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\rho =166$$\end{document}ρ=166. Then, the control mechanism is activated and the resulting attractor again resembles the original chaotic state (left). While ‘chaotification’ of periodic states has been achieved in the past, the resulting attractor generally did not correspond to a certain specified target state but just exhibited some chaotic behavior. Since we would like to not only rely on a visual assessment, we characterize the attractors using quantitative measures. First, we calculate the largest Lyapunov exponent, which quantifies the temporal complexity of the trajectory, where a positive value indicates chaotic behavior. Second, we use the correlation dimension to assess the structural complexity of the attractor. Based on the two measures, the dynamical state of the system can be sufficiently specified for our analysis. Both techniques are described in the supporting information. Because a single example is not sufficiently meaningful, we perform our analysis statistically by evaluating 100 random realizations of the system at a time. The term ’random realization’ refers to different random drawings of the reservoir \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\mathbf{A} $$\end{document}A and the input mapping \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\mathbf{W} _{in}$$\end{document}Win, as well as the initial conditions for the Lorenz system. The first line in Table 1 shows the respective statistical results for the setup shown in Figure 1. The largest Lyapunov exponent of the original chaotic system \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\lambda _{orig}= 0.851$$\end{document}λorig=0.851 significantly reduces to \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\lambda _{changed} = 0.080$$\end{document}λchanged=0.080 when the parameter change drives the system into a periodic state. After the control mechanism is switched on, the value for the resulting attractor moves back to \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\lambda _{controlled} = 0.0841$$\end{document}λcontrolled=0.0841 and thus is within one standard deviation from its original value. Same applies to the correlation dimension, which resembles its original value after control very well.Figure 1Periodic to chaotic control. Top: 2D attractor representation in the x–y plane. Bottom: X coordinate time series. Left plots show the original chaotic state which changes to a periodic state (middle) after tuning the order parameter. After applying the control mechanism, the system is forced into a chaotic state again (right).Table 1Statistical simulation over N = 100 random realizations of the systems evaluated in terms of the mean values of the largest Lyapunov exponent and the correlation dimension with corresponding standard deviations.Largest Lyapunov exponent \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\lambda $$\end{document}λCorrelation dimension \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\nu $$\end{document}ν\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\lambda _{orig}$$\end{document}λorig\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\lambda _{changed}$$\end{document}λchanged\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\lambda _{controlled}$$\end{document}λcontrolled\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\nu _{orig}$$\end{document}νorig\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\nu _{changed}$$\end{document}νchanged\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\nu _{controlled}$$\end{document}νcontrolled\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$Periodic \rightarrow Chaotic$$\end{document}Periodic→Chaotic0.851 ± 0.0700.080 ± 0.0750.841 ± 0.0741.700 ± 0.0651.052 ± 0.0711.700 ± 0.061\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$Chaotic \rightarrow Intermittent$$\end{document}Chaotic→Intermittent0.571 ± 0.0960.853 ± 0.0530.614 ± 0.1011.321 ± 0.0861.678 ± 0.0551.351 ± 0.091\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$Chaotic_{B} \rightarrow Chaotic_{A}$$\end{document}ChaoticB→ChaoticA0.479 ± 0.0600.643 ± 0.0750.478 ± 0.0671.941 ± 0.0381.948 ± 0.0471.933 ± 0.040\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$Chaotic_{D} \rightarrow Chaotic_{C}$$\end{document}ChaoticD→ChaoticC0.819 ± 0.0920.884 ± 0.0580.822 ± 0.0521.855 ± 0.0691.959 ± 0.0371.866 ± 0.050\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$Periodic \leftarrow Chaotic$$\end{document}Periodic←Chaotic- 0.003 ± 0.0120.844 ± 0.0590.028 ± 0.1101.001 ± 0.0651.700 ± 0.0711.001 ± 0.061\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$Chaotic \leftarrow Intermittent$$\end{document}Chaotic←Intermittent0.851 ± 0.0700.550 ± 0.0940.828 ± 0.0671.700 ± 0.0861.326 ± 0.0551.698 ± 0.091\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$Chaotic_{B} \leftarrow Chaotic_{A}$$\end{document}ChaoticB←ChaoticA0.629 ± 0.0690.446 ± 0.0680.629 ± 0.0661.948 ± 0.0371.939 ± 0.0491.956 ± 0.037\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$Chaotic_{D} \leftarrow Chaotic_{C}$$\end{document}ChaoticD←ChaoticC0.881 ± 0.0920.836 ± 0.0580.880 ± 0.0521.958 ± 0.0691.864 ± 0.0381.951 ± 0.050The subscript orig denotes the initial state of the system, while changed refers to the new state after parameters changed and controlled means the system controlled back into the original state. The description left to the arrow is the original state that also will be achieved again after controlling the system whereas the state written right to the arrow corresponds to the changed condition.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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234,182 |
In summary, we suggest that careful selection of neoadjuvant therapy for patients with LACRC should be guided by risk degree classification and molecular typing. Thus, patients with MSI-H/dMMR LACRC typically have poor sensitivity to traditional nCRT and nCT. A nIT that uses a single ICI, or two ICIs, or an ICI combined with nCRT/nCT can be considered as a reasonable choice and promising strategy for these patients.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
147,345 |
In an adaptive radiation model, cladogenesis is thought to be associated with the exploitation of newly accessible ecological opportunity . The sweepstakes dispersal to Madagascar is often linked to the diversification of lemurs for this reason [23–25]. The tectonic history of Madagascar may have also been important in mediating lemuriform ecological opportunity, however. Madagascar reached its southern terminus during the middle Cretaceous, and has moved north on a path through the global aridity belt formed by the circulation of Hadley cells at approximately 40°–30° S latitude, likely substantially affecting climate conditions on the island [20, 21, 35]. Passage beyond the desert belt and into the influence of seasonal monsoons likely increased precipitation and drove the spread of more mesic environments, including forests, across the island during the Eocene and Oligocene [20, 22, 35]. The Eocene–Oligocene transition is also associated with widespread global cooling and drying that seems to have contributed to major extinctions of primates on northern hemisphere continents [4, 36, 37]. Comparisons between the extant mammalian faunas of Madagascar and the Paleogene faunas of mainland Africa suggest that this event may have had a winnowing effect on Madagascar as well . The interaction of this global climate pattern with the local effects of tectonic movement may have created unique conditions on Madagascar spurring the diversification of lemurs during this interval.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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272,626 |
Table 6 illustrates the changes in lipid metabolizing enzymes. The levels of the lipid metabolizing enzymes such as 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase were increased, and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) were found to be decreased in diabetic rats. Upon the treatment with truffle extract, the HMG-CoA reductase levels were decreased, with an increase in LPL and LCAT, and similar results were observed in the rats treated with GB.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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25,799 |
The Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) is the largest fish species in the Arctic Ocean and the only species of shark to occur in Arctic waters year-round (Compagno, 1984). The Greenland shark is the most common bycatch in the Cumberland Sound winter longline fishery for Greenland halibut (Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), 2008; Young, 2010). All Greenland sharks are discarded since the toxicity of their flesh (MacNeil et al., 2012) precludes commercial sales. Fishers participate in a voluntary logbook program and from 1987 to 2006, reported catches of Greenland shark in the winter Greenland halibut fishery ranged from 0.4 to 2.9 sharks per 1,000 hooks (mean, 1.1/1,000 hooks) (Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), 2008). The bycatch of Greenland shark was found to increase substantially (i.e., 6.3 sharks per 1,000 hooks) during an experimental longline fishery for Greenland halibut that took place in Cumberland Sound during the ice-free season in 2009 (Young, 2010). During this experimental fishery, a total of 570 Greenland sharks were captured incidentally. This bycatch of Greenland shark was estimated to be 4.8× the biomass of Greenland halibut landed (i.e., 35 t). Greenland sharks commonly entangle within longline gear and badly tangled sharks are often killed by fishers (Idrobo, 2008). About 50% of the sharks captured in the 2009 experimental summer fishery were released alive (Young, 2010) however post-release survival is unknown.
| 3 | 2other
| 0Study
|
1,392 |
Due to the presence of mono- and trivalent metal cations, two different coordination spheres are present in mixed-valent gold halide perovskites, i.e. linear (twofold) and square-planar (fourfold) coordination of Au+ and Au3+, respectively. In the case of Cs2AuIAuIIIX6 (X = Cl, Br, I), the crystal structure is derived from a distorted ABX3-type perovskite consisting of BX2 (linear [AuIX2]− unit) and BX4 (square-planar [AuIIIX4]− unit) building blocks [60, 61, 152–154]. The BX2 and BX4 units arrange alternately to accomplish the nominal octahedral coordination in the perovskite structure. While linearly coordinated [AuIX2]− units are completed by neighboring [AuIIIX4]− units via four coplanar halide ions forming compressed octahedra, square-planar coordinated [AuIIIX4]− units are completed by apical [AuIX2]− units via two halide ions forming elongated octahedra. The resulting distorted three-dimensional perovskite network can, therefore, be expressed as Cs2[AuIX2][AuIIIX4] [61, 62, 153].
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
137,881 |
Data were analyzed using SPSS 25 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). For descriptive statistics, the absolute and relative frequencies were calculated. Data were weighted to ensure that the sample was representative of the Indonesian population. The association between sex, residential area, and parental education on one side and the clinical presence of the three conditions was assessed using chi squared test. McNemar’s test was used to assess the association between the self-reported and clinically assessed condition. The statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
93,405 |
Briefly, adherent cells were trypsinized, washed in PBS by gentle shaking, and resuspended at the concentration of 5∗105 cells/mL with 200 μL of a specific binding buffer (10 mM HEPES/NaOH, pH 7.4; 140 mM NaCl, and 2.5 mM CaCl2) containing 5 μL of Annexin V-FITC. After incubation for 10 min in the dark at room temperature, cells were washed in PBS, resuspended in 190 μL of binding buffer, and then stained with 10 μL propidium iodide (20 μg/mL). Samples were immediately acquired with a Navios Flow Cytometer (Beckman Coulter) and analyzed using Kaluza 1.2 software (Beckman Coulter).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
238,304 |
A, Flowchart of movement through the SEIR compartmental model. This model uses a cohorted framework wherein nursing home residents who become infected either symptomatically (I) or asymptomatically (A) with SARS-CoV-2 are moved out of the non–COVID-19 cohort and separated into a distinct COVID-19 cohort after showing symptoms or testing positive. R indicates individuals who have recovered from (and are assumed immune to) COVID-19; res., residents; and int., intervention. Black lines denote cohorting interventions and gray lines show transitions between infection states. B, There are 2 residents per room, and each interacts with 6 staff per day. Staff interact with 2 other staff each day and also have a daily risk of infection from the community. The dashed line indicates sensitivity analyses with additional limited contacts between residents (eFigure 7 in the Supplement). C, LOD indicates limit of detection; PCR, polymerase chain reaction.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
301,834 |
TLS is a cipher protocol designed to provide communications security over the transport layer of a computer network. TLS is commonly used in network applications. For example, it is typically used on websites to secure communication between servers and browsers. TLS version 1.2 supports AES–CCM (i.e., counter with CBC–MAC mode) and AES–GCM (i.e., Galois/counter mode) to provide privacy and data integrity between two communication devices, which may be a server and a client. Furthermore, when datagrams are secured using TLS, the connection becomes secure because of the symmetric cryptography that is employed to encrypt the data transfer. For this type of encryption, a public key is generated for each connection at the start of the session. The server and client negotiate the public key before the first byte of data is transmitted. However, the security mechanism for exchanging the public key between the server and the client is problematic. For M2M applications, especially those in a fixed network configuration, the public key can be preset in a communication pair of devices. Accordingly, we propose a design methodology especially suited for IoT devices.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
307,238 |
Exposure–response curves presenting the baseline relationship between probability of failing to achieve viral load suppression (dashed line) including 95% confidence interval (shaded ribbon) and the simulated atazanavir concentrations in hair, comparing with the effect of the follow-up event to the relationship between probability of failing to achieve viral load suppression (dotted line) including 95% confidence interval (shaded ribbon) and the simulated atazanavir concentrations in hair. The baseline and the follow-up event adjusted EC50 values are illustrated on the plot (dashed and dotted arrows, respectively)
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
44,158 |
Acetaminophen [paracetamol, N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP)] is widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug which is safe and effective at a therapeutic dose (Lee, 2004). However, acute or cumulative overdose can cause hepatic necrosis and liver failure (Larson et al., 2005). The mechanisms of APAP-induced liver injury described to this moment include generation of reactive metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) and p-aminophenol (PAP) (Miyakawa et al., 2015). Given an important role of autophagy in elimination of damaged organelles, including mitochondria, it has been shown that activation of autophagy could serve as a cellular adaptive mechanism to counteract APAP-induced hepatotoxicity (Igusa et al., 2012; Ni et al., 2012).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
256,665 |
As shown in Figure 1 (red line), the prominent peak located at 1,721 cm−1 originated from the stretching vibration of a carbonyl (–C=O) comes from the benzaldehyde groups or the newly formed ester groups in DF-PEG. Compared with the FT-IR spectrum of PEG, newly emerged peaks below 900 cm−1 were observed in DF-PEG, which can be ascribed to the characteristic absorption of benzene rings due to the introduction of benzaldehyde groups (Zhang et al., 2011). After combination with rhodamine 6G hydrazide, DRF-PEG with two rhodamine moieties is formed, and characteristic absorption signals of rhodamine moieties (1,419, 1,468, 1,591, and 1,685 cm−1) appear on the FT-IR spectrum (blue line). The transmission band at 1,419 cm−1 is caused by the C–N deformation of rhodamine moieties, and the peak at 1,519 cm−1 can be assigned to the deformation of aromatic rings (Guo et al., 2015; Maity et al., 2018). The sharp peak at 1,623 cm−1 suggests the formation of Schiff base linkage (imine, −N=CH−) in DRF-PEG (Jia et al., 2015). The result of FT-IR and 1H NMR spectra clearly confirms the successful grafting of rhodamine moieties to DF-PEG.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
244,828 |
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
121,903 |
Means and SD of CBF within the gray matter voxels of each ROI were extracted, and patient and voxelwise means and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Repeatability within healthy volunteers and the contralateral ROIs of patients was quantified using the coefficient of variation (SD/mean) and ANOVA. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analyses were performed to determine the utility of using VEPCASL-derived CBF at acute presentation (within 6 hours of symptom onset) in predicting infarction. Youden indices were used to estimate optimum CBF thresholds.22 Optimum CBF values to predict final infarction were used to estimate thresholds of ischemic core (infarct growth in reperfusers) and tissue at risk (infarct growth in nonreperfusers). To explore the effects of time of imaging on ability of CBF to predict infarction, patients were further divided into those imaged 0 to 3 and 3 to 6 hours.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
178,149 |
Double stranded RNAs were extracted from fungal mycelium using CF-11 cellulose (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, United States) column chromatography with the methods described by Morris and Dodds (1979) with modifications. DNA and ssRNA contaminants were eliminated by digestion with RNase-free DNase I and S1 nuclease (Takara, Dalian, China), respectively. The extracted dsRNAs were fractionated by agarose gel (1%, w/v) electrophoresis and visualized under an AlphaImager HP gel imaging system (ProteinSimple, Silicon Valley, CA, United States) after being stained with 0.1 mg/mL ethidium bromide.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
305,864 |
Initial and follow-up MRN examinations were conducted on 3 T magnetic resonance scanners (Magnetom SKYRA, Magnetom VERIO and Magnetom TIM TRIO, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany). A 15-channel transmit/receive spine coil and an 8‑channel receive body flex coil (Siemens Healthcare) were used for imaging of the lumbosacral plexus, and a 15-channel transmit/receive knee-coil (Invivo, Gainesville, FL, USA) was used for imaging the lower extremity. All patients underwent large-coverage high-resolution imaging of the lumbosacral plexus and the right lower extremity including:A 3D T2-weighted Sampling-Perfection-with-Application-optimized-Contrasts-using-different-flip-angle-Evolution (SPACE) Short-Tau-Inversion-Recovery (STIR) sequence of the lumbosacral plexus with the following parameters: effective echo time 68 ms, repetition time/echo time 3000/208 ms, inversion time 210 ms, field of view 305 × 305 mm2, slice thickness 0.95 mm, matrix size 320 × 320 × 104, no gap, voxel size 0.95 × 0.95 × 0.95 mm3, acquisition time 8:35 min, covering the lumbosacral spine from the 2nd lumbar vertebra to the coccyx. Moreover, 3D reformations were acquired in axial, sagittal and coronal orientations.Large coverage, T2-weighted, turbo-spin-echo sequences of the right thigh, knee and calf level in an axial orientation, using the following parameters: echo time 59 ms, repetition time 8.470 ms, spectral fat saturation, matrix 512 × 512, field of view 160 × 160 mm, voxel size 0.3 × 0.3 × 3.5 mm3, interslice gap 0.35 mm, 45 slices for each slab, acquisition time 7:56 min per slab.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
119,547 |
The WONV U4 ORF, which overlaps the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of the N gene, was previously described to putatively code for a small 49-aa polypeptide.6 Ord River virus contains a considerably larger ORF of 228 nt (75 aa) in the corresponding location; however, the equivalent 49-aa region of the ORV U4 protein (from the second in-frame methionine residue at position 27) shares 88% amino acid similarity (73% nucleotide identity) with the WONV U4 protein (Figure 4A). The two polypeptides share similar predicted topology, both containing a tentative transmembrane-like region predicted by the PHDhtm algorithm but not corroborated by the other algorithms used. Interestingly, the equivalent regions in HOJV and FLAV do not contain a U4 ORF, suggesting a non-essential role or one that is possibly fulfilled by a protein coded elsewhere on the genome.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
340,483 |
The third proband, female, 45 years, was diagnosed with edema of the right foot at age 32. The heterozygous missense variant is c.838C >T (dbSNP rs79750907) and has a frequency of 0.001783 (GnomAD). This is a familial case, since the proband’s son was also diagnosed with left foot lymphedema at age nine. The son was found to carry the same variant as the proband.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
160,204 |
The platform + coach group followed the same 24-week weight loss program delivered by the platform enhanced by a 12-week initial course of online personalized education and feedback by a dietitian. In addition to the interactions with the platform depicted in Table 1, participants in this group could interact with a dietitian through a private chat forum embedded in the platform. The interactions could be initiated by either side. There was not a limit around the number of interactions that could occur.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
321,520 |
JEMs specifically used in REA to asbestos were: (i) GPJEM, developed on Korean domestic quantitative exposure datasets ; (ii) SYN-JEM, a JEM developed to assess the exposure to five major lung carcinogens which was then extended into (iii) a quantitative JEM that uses personal occupational exposure measurements . Offermans et al. performed a comparison between three different JEMs (DOMJEM (asbestos, PAHs), FINJEM (asbestos, PAHs and welding fumes) and Asbestos JEM (asbestos)) to evaluate their reliability.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
323,405 |
Immortalized mouse C57Bl/6 bone marrow-derived macrophages were pre-incubated in the presence (+ CytoD, grey column) or absence (-CytoD, white column) of Cytochalasin D (CytoD) 2 µM for 1 h before incubation with early or late GCT at the cell:GCT ratio of 1:2, for 24 h. The production of NO was evaluated by measuring nitrite in cell supernatants by Griess assay. The production of TNF and MIP-2 was evaluated in the supernatants by ELISA. Data are the mean ± sd of 3 independent experiments in triplicate. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001 versus control, Two-Way ANOVA, Tukey’s multiple comparison test
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
373,722 |
Diabetes is one of the fast-growing diseases in the world and causes many diseases. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of those diseases. DR has different stages from mild to severe and then PDR (Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy). In the later stages of the disease, it may lead to symptoms such as floaters, blurred vision, and finally a vision loss. Manually diagnosing this disease is tedious and error prone. So, computer vision-based techniques applied to diagnose a disease in an automatic way are discussed in the literature. In this study, we presented two deep ensemble CNN Models 1 and 2 to classify the stages of DR using both balanced and imbalanced datasets. The proposed two models outperform other single deep learning architectures in terms of accuracy, such as DenseNet-121, ResNet50, Inception-V3, and Dense169, which indicates that ensemble technique can strengthen the capability of classifying model. Model 2 yields higher accuracy with 80.36% than Model 1 does with 78.13% on imbalanced dataset, which indicates that diversity of base classifiers used for ensemble framework is the key factor to high accuracy of ensemble classifying model. Moreover, the confusion matrices of Models 1 and 2 with the balanced and imbalanced datasets have shown equalization of training dataset which makes the classifying model more stable.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
171,360 |
We next studied the effect of limiting the number of features of the Lasso model on its predictive accuracy, with the aim to investigate what are the minimal panels of biomarkers that could cost-effectively distinguish DCIS cases from IBC. A feature number limit from 2 to 50 was imposed on each data type separately and in combination, and for each limit, 10-fold nested CV was applied to investigate the classification accuracy of the Lasso models with limited number of features. Notably, already two gene features provided an almost perfect AU-ROC of 0.95 when using the expression data only (Figure 2), indicating that sparse models enable accurate classification. However, the variability of the AU-ROC decreased when using the feature limit higher than 12 (Supplementary Figure 4), suggesting that the additional gene features make the classifier more stable.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
245,373 |
Our best supported model included the inclement weather score, and the interaction of season with rainfall (S2 Table). The inclement weather score had a negative influence on detection probability (β = -0.678, 95% CI: -0.392 to -0.964). Nightly detection probability declined from approximately 60% when the inclement weather score was zero to almost zero when there was a high inclement weather score (score = 3; Fig 4). There was no support for an influence of minimum nightly temperature (Δ QAIC = 2.89) or lunar illumination (Δ QAIC = 20.46, S2 Table) on detection probability. The interaction of season with rainfall had an influence on detection probability (β = 1.933, 95% CI: 0.706 to 3.160); rainfall reduced detection probability in autumn/winter more than in spring/summer (Fig 5 and Table 2). When considered as a main effect, increasing rainfall reduced detection probability (β = -2.193, 95% CI: -3.37 to -1.02). Season alone had no discernible influence on detection probability (β = 0.184, 95% CI: -0.51 to 0.87).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
69,356 |
We used HMLER CD24low cells to investigate whether the pH-dependent activity of SAL also affects the CSC property of mammospheres formation. First, we cultured adherent CD24low cells at pH 7.4 and pH 6.8 in presence of increasing concentrations of SAL for 48 hours and investigated the sphere-forming ability of viable single cells after treatment. As shown in Figure 7C, at physiological pH 7.4 culture conditions cells treated with SAL formed significantly less mammospheres as compared to untreated cells (P < 0.05). However, this effect was dramatically increased in cells that were treated with SAL under acidic conditions, with < 10% mammospheres formed with SAL 2 μM at pH 6.8 (P < 0.05, Figure 7C). In line with this observation, we found that the effects of SAL on reducing the size of mammospheres were also significantly enhanced in acidic conditions (Figure 7D). Similar results were obtained when single cell suspension of CD24low cells were allowed to form mammospheres in the presence or absence of SAL for 7 days (Figure S3A-B).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
183,026 |
The decrease in MMP can be triggered by the withdrawal of growth factors, deficiency of the extracellular glucose supply, blockage of respiration, or uncoupling of the inner membrane. Reduced MMP is a critical event in inducing cellular apoptosis [61, 62]. There is an evidence linking the decline in MMP to structural changes of mitochondria, including matrix condensation and cristal unraveling. These structural changes result in Cyt c release from the cristae to the intermembrane space and cytosol . The research further discovers that when mitochondria are depolarized, matrix volume decreases and density increases, but when the mitochondria are energized, it is the opposite. This suggests that manipulation of mitochondrial depolarization alters mitochondrial configuration, thereby influencing apoptosis. Mitochondrial membrane depolarization could sensitize human granulosa tumor cells to induction of apoptosis . In addition, when mitochondria are incubated at pH 6.4, oxidizable substrate-deprived, condensed mitochondria undergo decondensation of their matrix, as compared to incubation at physiological pH 7.4 . Hence, the manipulation of the proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane by acidifying the medium may be efficient for repairing MMP and controlling apoptosis.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
55,432 |
Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection is the most frequently reported bacterial sexually transmitted infection in the United States . C. trachomatis is an obligate intracellular pathogen that causes a broad range of female reproductive diseases including pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ectopic pregnancy and tubal factor infertility (TFI) . In a recent study about 20% of PID and 29% of TFI in women aged 16–44 years was attributed to C. trachomatis infections [3, 4]. Preventive strategies proposed against C. trachomatis include increased screening with mass treatment [5, 6]. However, recent clinical and epidemiological data suggests that the vaccine strategy would be the most reliable and cost effective preventive method with the greatest potential impact in the control of C. trachomatis infections and its associated complications in the human population [7, 8]. However, there is no human vaccine available for C. trachomatis infections; the development of an effective vaccine against C. trachomatis has been a challenging task due to the incomplete understanding of the complex immunological processes associated with chlamydial infection.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
303,284 |
Moreover, FACT teams have not closed all gaps. There are still many different services, FACT teams stop working after office hours and not all people with SMI get access to teams. The functioning of the Norwegian FACT teams as collaborators is also bilateral. Teams need to collaborate largely with others because of many services and different legislations, but FACT teams are not primarily implemented to be collaborators. They are supposed to offer most services themselves . This might enhance complexity and differ from how FACT teams’ function within other service systems. The Norwegian FACT teams are dependent on being integrated as part of the existing system and need to collaborate largely with other services. They need to work together with the rest of the system to divide responsibility and roles. Implementation of new service models might create challenges in knowing who is responsible for what, and this might be especially difficult for the FACT model as part of complex and fragmented systems. Some participants said that the division of roles and responsibilities between the FACT teams and other services was still unclear. This is in line with findings of studies on similar models [35, 37]. Lack of clarity with respect to roles is challenging and might have negative effects on collaboration , while role clarity might reduce burnout among mental health professionals . This finding implies that working to reduce some of these uncertainties can enhance the functioning of teams in service systems and make it easier to work as part of complex and fragmented systems.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
|
123,189 |
Chi-square tests were performed to compare the association between SCN4B expression and the clinicopathological parameters. Kaplan-Meier curves of RFS was generated using GraphPad Prism 6.0. Patients were grouped by setting the Youden index as the cut-off. Log-rank test was performed to assess the significance of the difference between the survival curves. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to evaluate the independent prognostic value of SCN4B expression (as either categorical variables or a continuous variable) in terms of RFS. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
286,384 |
We found that LP neurons projecting to AL received synaptic input from a large number of brain areas (Figures 1B–1H, S1H, S1I, S1K, and S1L), resembling the general pattern of inputs to LP (Figures S2E–S2I; Bennett et al., 2019; Roth et al., 2016). Cells providing input to AL-projecting LP neurons were particularly abundant in visual cortical areas (Figures 1B–1D, 2A, and 2B). Presynaptic neurons were also located in the ipsilateral superior colliculus (Figures 1E and 1F) as well as in cortical association areas, in particular the retrosplenial cortex and anterior cingulate and secondary motor cortices (Figure 1D, S1H, S1I, and S1K). Notably, LP neurons received input from several areas containing mainly inhibitory neurons, including the thalamic reticular nucleus, the zona incerta, the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, and the anterior pretectal nucleus (Figures 1G and 1H, Halassa and Acsády, 2016; Sabbagh et al., 2020), revealing LP as a target of multiple long-range inhibitory circuits.Figure 2Distribution of cortical input to LP shows the hallmarks of feedforward transthalamic pathways(A) Schematic dorsal view of color-coded cortical visual areas as shown in (C) and (D). A, anterior area; AL, anterior-lateral area; AM, anterior medial area; Aud, auditory areas; LI, laterointermediate area; LM, lateromedial area; PL, prelimbic area; PM, posteromedial area; POR, postrhinal area; RL, rostrolateral area; RSP, retrosplenial cortex; SS, somatosensory areas; TEa, temporal association areas; V1, primary visual cortex.(B) Fraction of cells in visual areas presynaptic to AL-projecting (orange, 5 mice) and PM-projecting (green, 5 mice) LP neurons. Symbols denote individual brains (similar across all plots).(C) Dorsal view of an example brain showing cells presynaptic to AL-projecting LP neurons in deep cortical layers.(D) Average relative density of cells presynaptic to AL-projecting (top) or PM-projecting (bottom) LP neurons per volume in deep cortical layers.(E) Fraction of presynaptic cells in four cortical visual areas divided by layer.See also Figures S2 and S3.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
178,642 |
It was observed that regardless of the case-definition, WaSt affects more younger children (6-17 and 18-29). Comparing case-definitions, it was observed that the proposed case-definition showed the highest prevalence. Comparing prevalence ratios, boys were more affected using the original case-definition, while girls were equally affected using the proposed case-definition (Figs. 1 and 2 and Additional file 3).Fig. 1Pyramid showing overall prevalence of WaSt for each age group calculated using original case-definition. At same time, this pyramid shows the proportion of WaSt in boys (bars on the left hand) and girls (bars on the right hand) for each age group, calculated applying the principle of prevalence ratio, with respective confidence interval at 95%Fig. 2Pyramid showing overall prevalence of WaSt for each age group calculated using proposed case-definition. At same time, this pyramid shows the proportion of WaSt in boys (bars on the left hand) and girls (bars on the right hand) for each age group, calculated applying the principle of prevalence ratio, with respective confidence interval at 95%
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
96,400 |
A systematic review and an ecological analysis were performed and concluded that at population level, CS rates higher than 10% were not associated with reductions in maternal and newborn mortality rates.9, 10 The Statement notes, however, that the association between CS rates and other relevant outcomes such as stillbirths, maternal and perinatal morbidity, paediatric outcomes and psychological or social well‐being could not be determined due to the lack of data on these other outcomes at the population level. This lack of data represents a limitation of these analyses that needs to be borne in mind.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
105,688 |
As noted, the robustness of future research, especially prevalence studies, will depend on deciphering the terminology and measurement tools around sex trafficking. Similarly, programme and policy responses will benefit from a deeper understanding of similarities and distinctions between the various forms of sexual exploitation. While interventions should aim to integrate responses to different forms of sex trafficking, such as early/forced marriage, sexual exploitation of combatants and sexual slavery, there should also be a clear understanding of the differing health, social and criminal justice needs required by survivors.
| 2 | 2other
| 1Other
|
380,274 |
RNA-sequencing results comparing gene expression in control (non-irradiated mdx nude TA) compared to TAs treated with 18 Gy 3 days previously (3DIR). (A) PCA analysis showing good separation of control and 3DIR samples across principal component 1, accounting for 68% of the variance. (B) Top GSEA enrichment plot showing a strong enrichment of the activation of the innate immune response (GO:0045087) in 3DIR samples (normalised enrichment score = 2.907; nominal p < 0.000; FDR < 0.000). (C) Heatmap showing differentially expressed genes (fold change ≥ 2; p < 0.05) that match the innate immune response dataset.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
371,362 |
This plasmid contains two expression cassettes, hSpCas9 and the chimeric guide RNA. The vector was designed (sgSP1 forward: CACCGTCATTCGGACA CCAACCGTG; sgSP1 reverse: AAACCACGGTTGG TGTCCGAATGAC) which was annealed and digested using BsmBI. The oligos were cloned into the single guide RNA scaffold lentiCRISPRv2 vector.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
242,915 |
Using metagenomics previous studies have identified that within the viral community of surface freshwater sites bacteriophages (phage) dominate [33–37]. Phages are critical components in shaping the evolution, diversity, abundance, and genetic composition of bacteria . Temperate phages (forming prophage) can influence their hosts’ phenotype through the horizontal transfer of genes, such as those for antibiotic resistance/toxins and those that promote host fitness and adaptability [39, 40]. However, phage composition, diversity, and host-interactions are often linked to fluctuating environmental characteristics . Therefore, assessing phage ecology and relationships with their host(s) is critical with regard to completing a comprehensive characterization of pond biodiversity.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
124,929 |
Based on the research results of phase 1, we proposed the basic theoretical conception of safety perception. In phase 2, we further verified this theory and applied it to research on the relationship between service quality and safety perception. The intrinsic process of safety perception can be understood from the perspective of human–environment interaction. According to the human environmental interaction (HEI) model , human feelings towards social and physical environments can be influenced by individual reaction tendencies. Control perception can be seen as a person’s tendency to react to threats and as an intermediary variable between safety emotions and safety environment perception. The purpose of phase 2 was to explore the impact of facility completeness, accessibility, and visual quality on environmental safety assessment. To achieve the purpose of this study, we proposed the structural equation model (SEM) relationship between variables as shown in Figure 2 and made the following hypotheses.
| 4 | 2other
| 0Study
|
364,151 |
Tigriopus californicus was sourced from Reefphyto Ltd. (Newport, UK). Rhodomonas lens was obtained from the Bigelow National Center for Marine Algae and Microbiota (Maine, USA), Tetraselmis chui was obtained from the Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa (CCAP, Scottish Marine Institute, Argyll, Scotland), and Nannochloropsis oceanica was obtained from the Norwegian Culture Collection of Algae (NORCCA, Oslo, Norway). Dried Brewers’ yeast was provided by Biomax Ltd. (Elvington, UK). Meso-zeaxanthin powder (10% dry biomass) was obtained from XABC Biotech Co Ltd. (Xi’an, China). The carotenoid standards lutein, zeaxanthin, and zeaxanthin racemic mixture were purchased from CaroteneNature (Lupsingen, Switzerland). Butylated hydroxyltoluene (BHT) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Arklow, Ireland). HPLC grade methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), water, and isopropanol were supplied by Fisher Scientific (Dublin, Ireland). HPLC grade hexane and ethanol 96% were supplied by VWR (Dublin, Ireland). Artificial Sea Salt (Tropic Marin® PRO-REEF) and Evolution Aqua K1 Micro media were purchased to McGuire’s Garden Centre (Waterford, Ireland).
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
276,870 |
The lack of support and intimacy with family and friends due to COVID-19 restrictions may have worsened vulnerability to depression and negative mental outcomes of LGBT people. The sense of loneliness is typically associated with low levels of welfare and labeled as a risk factor for mental disease (i.e., depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia; Banerjee and Rai, 2020). In this vein, it is possible to speculate that single MSM, who felt more alone and more emotionally distressed, were more likely to break restriction rules and engage in casual sex (Shilo and Mor, 2020a).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
303,188 |
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are enormously enriched in the central nervous system (CNS) . Despite some reports on the role of lncRNAs in the CNS [13–15], how lncRNAs are involved in the brain function and regulation is largely unexplored. Recently, we and other independent groups have revealed dynamic spatiotemporal expression patterns of lncRNAs in mammalian brain [16–19]. Interestingly, we found that the number of cerebellar-expressing lncRNAs are relatively higher and that their profiling is quite unique compared with the other tested brain areas , raising a possibility that these cerebellum highly expressed lncRNAs may be essential regulators of cerebellar function.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
250,868 |
The dielectric constant (κ) can be used to estimate the relative solubility of these species in MCB. Solvents and solutes with smaller differences in κ will have increased solubility. One must, however, treat this correlation with caution. Other chemical properties of the system may have a greater influence over the solubility than the properties governing κ have alone. The ability of solutes to form hydrogen bonds with the solvent, for example, can greatly influence the solubility of a solute in practice. The chemical species considered here are chemically similar, however, and κ should be sufficient to qualitatively identify which species will have the greater solubility in MCB.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
69,739 |
The most common health problems were infections of several kinds. Less common problems included excessive body weight (apparently, with no adverse clinical or behavioural effects), digestive problems (especially in older animals), hypothyroidism, vision and hearing deficits. Full details have been reported elsewhere . All of these problems are also commonly reported within the normal domesticated dog population.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
150,569 |
Stroke is the second leading cause of disability-adjusted life years worldwide in people over 50 years of age (1), which has brought a heavy burden on society and families. Until now, intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) remains the first line treatment for patients with acute ischemic stroke. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) is recognized as a devastating complication of thrombolysis treatment, which occurs in 0.4–10.3% patients depending on the varied diagnostic criteria and is consistently associated with an increased mortality and a worse functional outcome (2–16). Many studies have reported the predictors of sICH after intravenous thrombolysis, including stroke severity, age, onset-to-treatment time, baseline glucose, hyperdense cerebral artery sign, and early infarct signs on baseline imaging (2, 3, 7, 17). However, there is limited information on sICH in stroke patients without intravenous thrombolysis.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
273,064 |
Participants recalled many surgical risks associated with DBS (e.g., stroke, brain bleed, infection, seizure, general anesthetic complications, death). While concerning, most were comforted knowing it was a routine surgery for movements disorders (i.e., Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor) with low chance of adverse events, and had trust in the surgeon’s skill. The surgical risks were often compared with those associated with undergoing ECT, with hope DBS would reduce future need for ECT. Awareness of stimulation-related adverse events appeared less well known, although mania/hypomania, sleep disturbances, and adverse mood effects (anxiety, agitation) were raised by some. One caregiver considered these a part of the research process for finding the best settings, while another expressed concern their loved one would not report adverse effects and attempt to endure them.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
200,467 |
Early studies reported neural impedance changes in humans (0.001% at 1 Hz with scalp electrodes) (Gilad and Holder, 2009), crab nerves (−0.2% at 125 and 175 Hz) (Oh et al., 2011), and rat somatosensory cortex (−0.07% at 225 Hz) (Oh et al., 2011), which suggested the possibility of performing imaging. Subsequently, fast neural EIT has been demonstrated in brain in both simulation (Aristovich et al., 2014) and experiments (Aristovich et al., 2016). More recently, fast neural EIT has been demonstrated as a method for imaging evoked compound activity in the rat sciatic nerve with a timescale of milliseconds (Aristovich et al., 2018; Ravagli et al., 2019, Ravagli et al., 2020) and an accuracy of ∼10% of the nerve diameter. Aristovich et al. reported a single-shot real-time SNR of 0.80 ± 0.03, which was increased ten times to 8.0 ± 0.3 with coherent averaging before image formation. Imaging of APs could also be achieved by ISA; however, EIT has multiple advantages: a potentially unique solution to the mathematical inverse problem; a number of independent measurements which is O(N2) compared to O(N), which means that a larger number of independent data can be obtained from the same number or electrodes; no dipole source cancellation problem, which means that sources of opposing polarity close together can still be correctly identified, and no theoretical limit on accuracy (Aristovich et al., 2018). Some of the potential disadvantages of EIT, in the context of neural engineering, are the presence of additional sources of noise given by spontaneous neural activity and the technical challenges related to real-time imaging, e.g. the need to drive multiple currents to avoid reduction of temporal resolution (Hope et al., 2019).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
169,331 |
SPRM treatment was associated with greater fronto-cingulate reactivity, specifically in the dACC and dmPFC during ARs to provocation in women with PMDD. Considering that aggression is a behavioral outcome of irritability [49, 50], and that SPRM treatment is associated with lower irritability symptoms , this finding offers a plausible mechanism by which progesterone receptor antagonism, and consequent anovulation, facilitates emotion regulation in PMDD.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
368,070 |
The manuscript must describe a technically sound piece of scientific research with data that supports the conclusions. Experiments must have been conducted rigorously, with appropriate controls, replication, and sample sizes. The conclusions must be drawn appropriately based on the data presented.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
371,967 |
T1-weighted structural data were analyzed with FSL-VBM (Good et al., 2001; Douaud et al., 2007).2 Structural images were brain extracted and segmented into gray matter, white matter and CSF before being registered to the MNI 152 standard space template using non-linear registration (Andersson et al., 2007). The resulting images were averaged and flipped along the x-axis to create a left-right symmetric, group-specific GM template. Second, all native GM images were non-linearly registered to this study-specific template and modulated to correct for local expansion (or contraction) due to the non-linear component of the spatial transformation. The modulated GM images were then smoothed with an isotropic Gaussian kernel with a sigma of 3 mm. Finally, voxel-wise GLM was applied using permutation-based non-parametric testing, correcting for multiple comparisons across space to investigate whether GM volume and V.O2peak were correlated.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
41,063 |
TA pomade (Kenacort-A Orabase® Bristol-Myers Squibb Ilacları Inc. Istanbul, Turkey) contains 0.1% triamcinolon acetonide as an active ingredient and gelatin, pectin, carboxymethylcellulose sodium in plasticized hydrocarbon gel, a polyethylene and mineral oil gel base as an inactive substances. TGO gel (Protefix® Queisser Pharma, Germany) contains 92.67% triester glycerol oxide, where as placebo gel contains 92.67% corn oil and both gels contain 7% silica, colloid anhydrous, 0.2% clove oil, 0.1% saccharin sodium and 0.01% peppermint oil. All three agents were packed in the same sized, white colored soft tubes of 5g each. A single investigator (F.P) who was blind to the study protocol and subjects, randomly numbered these tubes and medications. Then, the numbers of the tubes were assigned to patients’ numbers by using a computer-generated number list and the tubes were then delivered to the clinical investigators who were blind to the treatment agents.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
253,931 |
Discordant comorbidities have a significant effect on the outcomes of persons with type 2 diabetes both in combination with concordant comorbidities and without them. For further research, we suggest exploring the contribution of various discordant comorbidities, alone and in combination with concordant comorbidities, on the wellbeing and health of patients with type 2 diabetes. For persons with type 2 diabetes, this could lead to comprehensive recommendations for care that would consider both concordant and discordant comorbidities.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
5,817 |
The following Drosophila lines were used in this work. Strain w1118 (RRID:BDSC_5905) was considered wild type. The driver lines were mef2-Gal4 (RRID:BDSC_27390), repo-Gal4 (RRID:BDSC_7415), elav-Gal4 (RRID:BDSC_8760), and dilp2-Gal4 (RRID:BDSC_37516). UAS-lines were UAS-mCherry.NLS (RRID:BDSC_38424) and UAS-2xEGFP (RRID:BDSC_6874). The nep4-nGFP reporter line was described previously (Meyer et al., 2009). nep4 knockdown was achieved using line 100189 (KK library, no off-targets, Vienna Drosophila Resource Center, VDRC). A high knockdown efficiency of the respective construct was shown previously (Panz et al., 2012). To confirm specificity of the knockdown, a line being homozygous for both, the UAS-nep4 RNAi construct (chromosome II) and the UAS-Nep4A overexpression construct (chromosome III) was generated and crossed to either mef2-Gal4 or repo-Gal4. Tissue-specific rescue of the respective RNAi phenotypes by simultaneous overexpression of Nep4A was used as readout for knockdown specificity. A second nep4 RNAi construct (line 16669, GD library, VDRC) did not significantly reduce nep4 transcript levels (Panz et al., 2012). It was therefore excluded from further analysis.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
296,558 |
The word “hydrogel” is used to describe a three-dimensional network of cross-linked polymers. The spaces within these polymer matrices can be filled with water molecules and thus allow the dry material to swell many folds. The development of hydrogels as a commercial product was pioneered by Wichterle and Lim in 1960 when they described the formation of rubber-like soft gels following the free radical copolymerisation of ethylene glycol methacrylate (HEMA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate . The material showed no irritating reaction to living organisms and was later developed into contact lenses, one of the most widely used applications of hydrogels today. Hydrogels are a highly versatile class of material and have found applications in a variety of fields including agriculture , textiles , food , electrochemistry and engineering . The most extensive use of hydrogels is in the biomedical field . One reason is that they can possess physical properties similar to tissues, due to their high water content and soft consistency . In the biomedical field, they have been used commercially in wound dressings , adhesives , breast implants , drug delivery , biosensors , tissue engineering and hygiene products . The versatility of the material class comes from the ability to tune the physical and chemical properties of the resulting material depending on the type of monomers used and the amount of cross-linking density. Certain types of hydrogels can undergo physical changes in response to an external stimulus; thus, they have been called “soft machines” . These stimuli can be pH, temperature, chemicals, light, electric field or shear stress . In particular, temperature-responsive gels have been very popular and have been used in biomedical applications such as drug delivery , tissue engineering , and intelligent surfaces .
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
70,462 |
The same modest results were seen when data from the five centers were combined to predict illness course. Although classifying outcome is more complex than classifying sex, we still expected that increasing sample size would have overcome the potential variability in outcome.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
329,313 |
Not only can haemoglobin bind to CO in muscle cells, but myoglobin also contains haem, to which CO can bind. Muscle tissue can take up CO over a prolonged period, even after the end of exposure. For a young adult male, the muscle compartment may account for about 41% of the total body mass . In their study, Möller and Sylvén assumed that every gram wet weight of muscle would contain about 4.7 mg of myoglobin . Take a 70 kg man, for example, who may, approximately, have 135 g of myoglobin. Each myoglobin molecule contains a haem molecule that could bind up to 178 mL of CO. Therefore, the muscle compartment could be an essential place to store CO and increase the half-life of CO elimination. Although muscle may be a factor, it is less critical for the half-life of COHb. The reason is that the volume of CO removed from muscle is less than the volume of CO removed from the blood .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
4,421 |
The appearance of a broadly cross-reactive antibody response in mice prompted us to expand our studies to the ferret challenge model. We have confirmed that imidazoquinolines can stimulate ferret TLR receptors, and observe significant increases in both cytokine and TLR7 and TLR8 mRNA following incubation with imidazoquinolines. As in mice, immunization of ferrets with a single dose of H5N1 antigen induced functional protection against both homologous (Fig. 5) and heterologous virus strains (Fig. 7). The protection against heterologous strains is consistent with the induction of cross reactive neutralizing antibody responses in ferrets by formulated 3M-052 adjuvants.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
194,482 |
Many questions related to the use of EUS in the diagnosis of EoE in children remain open. Difficulties and ethical concerns are related to the selection of a sufficiently large control group of so-called healthy patients, in whom EUS must be performed under general anesthesia and several biopsy specimens taken for evaluation and comparison with EoE. Hence, the study is usually dedicated only to symptomatic patients with dysphagia or other alarming symptoms. The groups analyzed are generally few, additionally heterogeneous in age, lacking validation and comparative studies. It is also not currently established whether EUS measurements are to be performed only in the lower or middle esophagus or both and how many cm above the LES are to be measured, as well as how to define the middle esophagus. There is also a lack of guidelines, multicenter studies regarding the standards, severity of wall lesions. All these issues need to be clarified.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
225,809 |
Stepwise regression analyses were used to determine the main predictive variables responsible for the observed associations. The stepwise regression analyses revealed that the strongest correlate for ICA pulsatility index was cfPWV, explaining 19% of the variance. For MCA pulsatility index, cfPWV explained 16% of the variance. Similarly, with basilar artery pulsatility index, cfPWV explained 30% of the variance. These results included all of the participants with the averaged ICAs and MCAs. We then used multiple linear regression with age and cfPWV to test our hypothesis that they would be significant predictors of cerebral pulsatility index. Indeed, there was a significant association for averaged ICA pulsatility index (β (SE) = 0.744 (0.062), p < 0.001), averaged MCA pulsatility index (β (SE) = 0.822 (0.077), p < 0.001), and basilar artery pulsatility index (β (SE) = 0.677 (0.079), p < 0.001) when all the participants were included. Additionally, age and cfPWV explained 26% of the variance for ICA pulsatility index, 17% for MCA pulsatility index, and 38% for basilar artery pulsatility index.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
368,982 |
Peptide-pulsed, CFSE-labeled, HLA-matched targets were incubated with CD8+ T cell line effector cells, and the percent specific killing was measured by flow cytometry in response to JEV and DENV/ZIKV peptides. Percent killing (A) and the percent of CD107+ CD8+ T cells (B) are shown. Diamonds indicate T cell lines expanded with JEV peptide, and squares indicate lines expanded with DENV/ZIKV peptide. Assays were performed in duplicate for each T cell line/peptide pair. Error bars represent standard error of the mean. This figure was adapted from Turtle et al. (20).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
158,543 |
Of the 128 comparable FA-culture couples, 46 were FA-negative of which 38 (82%) were also culture-negative. Of the 82 FA-positive samples, 66 (80%) were also culture positive (the same pathogens appearing as in the FA panel results in 60/82, 73%). Of the 16 FA-positive/culture negative cases, eight were treated with antimicrobials at sampling time, a fact that could affect culture positivity. Interestingly, in four of these 16 cases, a subsequent culture was positive for the same microorganism that was previously detected in the FA panel (1 each: E. cloacae, K. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and S. pyogenes).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
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