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105,648 |
Besides, in this part, the amount of I2 indicated that low heterogeneity was observed among the studies. The forest plot showed that the high heterogeneity (15, 24), which had an OR of almost four to nine times that of the other studies. These two studies had lower sample sizes than the other studies in this section.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
306,176 |
Mindfulness meditation is increasingly used as a component of psychological treatments for a variety of mental and physical health problems. Clinical trials of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have demonstrated the strongest evidence for preventing depressive relapse, although MBIs also show promise for other indications (Goldberg et al., 2018). However, in addition to clinical trials that have examined this typical, extended format of mindfulness training, single-session experimental studies of very brief training (single session ‘mindfulness induction’: typically ⩽ 20 min) have been conducted in healthy volunteers. Although some such studies demonstrated immediate benefits of brief mindfulness training exercises (e.g. on negative affect: Schumer et al., 2018), such studies are typically mechanistic, rather than aiming to establish clinical efficacy. For example, studies of mindfulness inductions have examined the neurophysiological basis of mindful mental states and the association between such states (or their accompanying neurophysiological changes), and adaptive changes in affect, cognition and behaviour; others have sought to identify active components of more comprehensive treatments by examining isolated mindfulness techniques (Gill et al, 2020; Schumer et al, 2018). Given the brevity of these experimental mindfulness trainings/inductions, it is perhaps unsurprising that the observed effects are typically small (d ≈ 0.2) and short-lived (Gill et al, 2020; Schumer et al., 2018). Despite this, such experimental studies are potentially highly informative in terms of identifying characteristics of participants who might show early treatment gains during a comprehensive/extended MBI, or in terms of developing novel, brief MBIs.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
271,004 |
Assume that UEs are randomly distributed in the area. The number of UAVs is 20. All UAVs’ locations are initialized to be in the center of the area. Sub figures (a) and (b) in both Figure 5 and Figure 6 give the UAVs’ locations as well as UEs’ association results after motion optimization by the proposed algorithm and the baseline algorithm in , respectively. The lines connecting UE and UAV represent that the UE is associated with the UAV. Figure 5 contains 200 UEs and Figure 6 contains 300 UEs.
| 1 | 2other
| 0Study
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141,978 |
The interplay between hypoxia and arrhythmia has been studied widely, and the relation between types of hypoxia: acute, intermittent and chronic, and arrhythmia has been confirmed . One of the mechanisms by which the cardiac cells sense hypoxia is the phosphorylation of ion channels or the alteration in the reduction/oxidation (redox) state inside the cell. Redox, through modification of the sulfhydryl groups of cysteine residues impairs many ion channels gating, ion transporters, and enzymatic activity . Ca2+, which is a main component of the cardiac excitation–contraction coupling, is a susceptible target for redox deleterious effects through redox-induced alteration of: ryanodine receptors (RyR), Ca2+ ATPase, and longlasting Ca2+ channels (CAL) . Similarly, hypoxia was reported to increase the CaL sensitivity to β-adrenergic stimulation, which gives rise to pro-arrhythmic after depolarization .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
393,816 |
There might be variation in how much food a fly consumes, but since each fly was in their own environment with only the dyed food, the flies had no other option but to consume the food or die from starvation. The purpose of this assay technique is to identify flies about to die under normal husbandry protocols. Future experiments can focus on whether the dead ‘non-Smurfed’ flies consumed food before death or not. But if the majority of the flies are dying without the distinguishing blue body color, then the technique is of little practical use. Lastly, most flies which did turn blue did so during their last 24 hours of life. This also renders the technique less useful for collecting live flies shortly before their death.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
40,641 |
It may be that the measured values are related to the content of β-sheet in the conformation of sericin leading to indirect effects on the hydrophilicity; but irrespective of possible explanations, the important fact is that the values in Table 1 place all compositions in the category of materials that promote cell attachment (Horbett and Klumb 1996).
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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126,362 |
[NOTE: If reviewer comments were submitted as an attachment file, they will be attached to this email and accessible via the submission site. Please log into your account, locate the manuscript record, and check for the action link "View Attachments". If this link does not appear, there are no attachment files.]
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
356,403 |
Possible interaction between miR‐101 and MKP‐1 was first determined in silico using a web‐based biological prediction website (https://cm.jefferson.edu/rna22/Interactive/) and the binding site was predicted. A dual‐luciferase reporter assay was then used to verify the predicted interaction between miR‐101 and MKP‐1. Artificially synthesized MKP‐1 mRNA 3′ untranslated region (UTR) fragment was inserted into pmirGLO luciferase vector (E1330, Promega) according to the predicted binding site, which was designated as MKP‐1‐wild‐type (wt). The complementary sequence mutation site of the seed sequence was designed on the basis of MKP‐1‐wt, which was inserted to the reporter plasmid, and the recombinant plasmid MKP‐1‐mutant (mut) was obtained. The correctly sequenced luciferase reporter plasmid was co‐transfected into HEK‐293T cells with miR‐101 and miR‐101‐NC, respectively. Luciferase activity was measured using a dual‐luciferase assay kit (E1910, Promega) and luminance was detected using a Promega's GLoma × 20/20 Luminometer (E5311, Shaanxi Zhongmei Biotechnology Co., Ltd.). All experiments were repeated three times independently.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
246,126 |
In a comprehensive review, Noordhuis et al. described in 2011 potential markers to predict response and survival of cervical cancer patients treated with CRT. Based on 42 eligible studies the authors identified 27 out of 82 markers that were independently associated with survival . Some of these markers have been investigated in detail in other studies and will also be mentioned in the following paragraphs.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
347,623 |
Data are presented in relation to the aims of the study as follows: Training activity and throughput (student enrolment, demand for training, course completions).Geographical mapping of graduates by country, region and facility, showing reported employment status and practice environment.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
194,059 |
This retrospective study included 120 patients with MD (59 men, 61 women, aged 16–84; median age 59, median absolute difference ± 9) and 140 controls with asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss (67 men, 31 women in 42 controls gender was unknown, aged 6–88; median age 63, median absolute difference ± 7) over four centers. There were 71 labyrinths included from Center A (67.6% MD, 32.4% control), 57 from Center B (59.1% MD, 42.1% control), 108 from Center C (30.6% MD, 69.4% control), and 24 from Center D (35.3% MD, 64.7% control) There was no significant difference in age distribution between the patient and the control group and between the training and test cohort. The proportion of known males versus females did not differ between the test and training cohort. A significant difference in scan date between the training and test cohort was found (independent sample t-test: p = 0.019) with MRI scans of the training cohort being performed on earlier dates. No significant differences in scan date between all patients with MD and controls were found. Details of the training and test cohort are presented in Table 1.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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155,531 |
where ||A||Fro2=12∑i,jAij2 was the Frobenius norm of a matrix. The first term was the residual term quantifying the difference between the decomposition and the input matrix. The constant α ≥ 0 was the regularization parameter controlling the relative weight of the regularization term. The second term was the regularization function penalizing large norms on the decomposed matrices,
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
387,745 |
All experiments were performed using two separate preparations of primary OPCs. In each experiment, there were three coverslips for each time point and growth factor treatment. Additionally, every experiment included a treatment control in which the OPCs were plated on 50 μg/mL CSPGs and treated with differentiation media supplemented with saline. The total number of OPCs were counted for all conditions, and scored for the degree of process outgrowth and state of differentiation. The percent of cells exhibiting process outgrowth was determined by dividing the total number of immunolabeled OPCs extending at least two processes, longer than a cell body in length, by the total number of immunolabeled cells in the entire field of view. The number of cells extending processes was further classified into: (a) Simple process outgrowth, defined as an OPC extending less than four primary processes from the cell body, each longer than one cell body in length, and have little to no secondary processes branching off the primary cytoplasmic branches (Figure 1a), or (b) Complex process formation, defined as four or more primary cytoplasmic processes branching off of the cell body, longer than a cell body in length, with numerous secondary processes branching off of the primary cytoplasmic cell processes (Figure 1b,c). Cells had to be a minimum distance of two cell bodies (diameter) apart from each other to be scored. A total of 20 visual fields were counted on each coverslip. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel running a two‐way ANOVA (Time and Neurotrophin Concentration) to test for significant differences in our treatment groups, followed by a Tukey's post hoc test, to determine the significance between individual treatments. Significance was identified to at least the p = 0.05 level.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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27,254 |
a Representative photomicrographs of immunofluorescence staining for FAP. FAP expression was observed on the membranes of HPMCs treated with TGF-β1. Original magnification × 200. b Representative photomicrographs of immunofluorescence staining for E-cadherin (red) and α-SMA (green). HPMCs treated with TGF-β1 showed increased expression of α-SMA and decreased expression of E-cadherin, whereas pretreatment with 200 or 400 μM tranilast suppressed α-SMA expression and reinstated the E-cadherin expression. Original magnification × 400
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
352,409 |
Blood glucose concentration, which was similar across the baseline phases, was reduced (P ≤ 0.001) during all CWIs, and to a similar extent (Normoxia: Baseline CWIA, 5.8 (0.4) mmol l−1; CWIA, 5.0 (0.3) mmol l−1; Baseline CWIB, 6.1 (0.4) mmol l−1; CWIB, 4.8 (0.4) mmol l−1; Baseline CWIC, 6.1 (0.5) mmol l−1; CWIC, 4.7 (0.5) mmol l−1; Hypoxia: Baseline CWIA, 5.7 (0.4) mmol l−1; CWIA, 5.1 (0.3) mmol l−1; Baseline CWIB, 6.3 (0.6) mmol l−1; CWIB, 4.8 (0.6) mmol l−1; Baseline CWIC, 6.1 (0.6) mmol l−1; CWIC, 5.0 (0.4) mmol l−1; P = 0.29, ηp 2 = 0.11).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
377,537 |
Finally, it may seem difficult to implement our proposed criteria into daily practice since, apart from the necessity to assess BMI, it would require the use of different criteria in males and females. However, nowadays ECG devices already use programmed algorithms for standard interpretation. It will be a relatively minor issue to add our proposed new criteria to these modern devices, allowing easy clinical use without extra effort.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
134,895 |
I have some major concerns about your study, that the revision process did not completely clarify. In particular, as stated later, the most serious concerns regard irregularities in the study design--an uncontrolled intervention that introduces variability in subject practice and is not included as a covariate in the analysis, and data analysis that uses only a third of the outcome data with no explanations.
| 1 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
311,275 |
As a result of the interaction of protons with matter following the behaviour of the Bragg peak, it is possible to determine the energy deposited in the medium for a 100 MeV proton beam. For this, the deposition in the medium is evaluated directly and with a 1 cm bone layer that simulates the skull following the geometric models of the Geant4 libraries . Thus, Figure 4 shows the Bragg profile as a function of the range in water, with the bone layer described and the distribution of this energy in a plane.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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140,574 |
Cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (Electron Microscopy Sciences) for 15 min, rinsed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (Life Technologies) and permeabilized with 0.25% Triton X-100 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) for 15 min. Padlock probes (1 μM final probe concentration for singleplex experiments, 10 μM for multiplexed experiments) along with RCA primer (1:1 mole ratio) in Hybridization Buffer (10% formamide in 6× Saline Sodium Citrate (SSC) buffer) were added to the sample and incubated for 1 h at 37°C, followed by three 5-min washes with Hybridization Buffer to remove excess unhybridized primer and probe, followed by a wash with 1× SplintR Ligase buffer. Ligase mix containing 210 nM (1:50) SplintR Ligase (New England Biolabs) in 1× SplintR Ligase Reaction Buffer was added to the sample and incubated for 1 h at room temperature followed by three rinses with the Hybridization Buffer to remove the unligated products and enzyme. The samples were then incubated with the RCA Mix (1 U/μl NxGen Phi29 DNA polymerase (Lucigen), 250 μM dNTPs, 200 μg/ml BSA (New England Biolabs), 40 μM Amino-Allyl dUTP (Invitrogen)) in 1× Phi29 DNA Polymerase Buffer for 2 h at 37°C followed by three 5-min washes with 2× SSC buffer. Finally, the samples were stained with 500 nM Cy3 or Cy5 labelled fluorescent probes in 6× SSC for 30 min, washed with 6× SSC to remove unbound fluorescent probes.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
388,023 |
We sampled 115 cnidarian and ctenophoran sequences from Schnitzler et al. (2012) (19 sequences), Feuda et al. (2014) (31 sequences), and Ramirez et al. (2016) (65 sequences). Of these sequences, 37 were found to be identical (the same sequence but possessing different names between the data sets) leaving a total of 78 nonbilaterian opsins (sequences of interest) and 85 bilaterian opsins (base data set). The canary approach found 37 of the 78 nonbilaterian opsin sequences to be problematic (see supplementary table S1, Supplementary Material online, for further details). Of the 37 discarded, 10 were present in Feuda et al. (2014), 32 in Ramirez et al. (2016), and 10 in Schnitzler et al. (2012). The starlet sea anemone Nematostella vectensis provided the highest number of sequences of interest, but also the highest number of problematic sequences, whereas the anthomedusan Cladonema radiatum and the box jellyfish Tripedalia cystophora provided the largest proportion of nonproblematic sequences. Only two of eight opsins were problematic for C. radiatum, whereas 5 of 18 opsins were problematic in the case of the box jellyfish (see supplementary table S1, Supplementary Material online).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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3,304 |
The color of the carapace varies from uniform grayish or brownish-gray to having a darkened dorsum with a yellowish lateral stripe, which can cover half to two-thirds of the carapace. On this lateral stripe, scutes of the movable bands are yellowish posteriorly but brownish anteriorly, and on the scapular and pelvic shield, the central region of each scute is yellowish whereas the peripheral area is brownish. The dorsal color of the tail can be totally black, dark brown, or bicolored, with the anterior half of caudal rings brownish and their posterior yellowish. Ventrally, the tail is uniformly yellowish.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
361,293 |
Through the innovative method of introducing modifiers into a stream of polymer fibers, with specific technology parameters (Table 3) we obtained a multifunctional nonwoven composite meeting the protective criteria for respiratory protective devices and the functional requirements associated with strenuous work, including adverse microclimate conditions and microbiological hazards.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
270,912 |
Mean ± SEM (A) glucose (mM), (B) 3-HB (mM), (C) 1α-OHB (ng.ml−1) and (D) corticosterone (ng.ml−1) concentrations in neonate blacktip reef sharks exposed to 27°C (open triangles, solid line, n = 6) or 29°C (filled triangles, dashed line, n = 6). Asterisks (*) indicate significance between temperature treatments within a timepoint.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
91,476 |
A measure of ap was made from 400 to 750 nm at a 1 nm bandwidth on a Shimadzu UV 2450 spectrophotometer equipped with an integrating sphere. Then, on the same filter, after a pigment extraction using NaClO 1% active chloride, another measurement was performed to obtain anap. The pathlength amplification was corrected following the Tassan et al., 2002 instructions. Phytoplankton absorption (aphy) was then obtained by subtracting of anap from ap.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
102,478 |
Rosmarinic acid is a potent antioxidant with direct free radical scavenging activity. Neuroprotective activity is also reported for this compound. Rosmarinic acid has been shown to protect Aβ-induced memory impairment in mice which is due to direct peroxynitrite scavenging activity (30). Rosmarinic acid has anti-apoptotic activity. Rosmarinic acid could protect PC12 cells against Aβ-induced apoptosis by inhibiting caspase-3 activation, Aβ produced DNA fragmentation in PC12 cells, and by the p38 MAP kinase pathway which resulted in inhibition of tau protein hyperphosphorylation in PC12 cells (31). Evidence favors AD related mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptotic cell death (32). Rosmarinic acid has mitoprotective activity and inhibits permeation of mitochondrial membranes produced by Aβ aggregates. Rosmarinic acid ameliorates Aβ-induced apoptotic cell death by stabilizing mitochondrial membranes (33). Studies have shown that caspase-3 activation increased in AD patients. Activated caspase-3 colocalized with NFTs and senile plaques which suggested that caspase-3 has a role in synaptic failure during AD development (34,35). It is reported that rosmarinic acid is a potent caspase-3 inhibitor. Therefore it can halt apoptotic processes by inhibition of caspase-3 (36). In SHSY5Y cells, rosmarinic acid has been shown to attenuate H2O2-induced apoptosis by upregulation of the antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) through protein kinase A (PKA) and phosphatidylinositiol-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathways (37). Rosmarinic acid could prevent apoptosis in other tissue such as cardiac muscle (38), the kidneys (39), muscle cells (40), and the liver (41).
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
342,767 |
Successful Delivery and Patch Integrity: The Successful Delivery verifies that the patch pieces delivered by the Distributor are correct and received by the IoT devices. It can be verified by checking the state of the IoT device. As per the specification, the IoT device successfully receiving the patch ends up in I_Final state. Thus, the following specification checks for successful delivery. SuccessfulDelivery≜∨Cardinality({d∈IoT:dState[d]=I_Final})=Cardinality(NODE_TYPE) PatchIntegrity≜∀q∈{d∈IoT:dState[d]=I_Final}:dBuffer[q]=EPAYLOAD
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
252,804 |
The primary hits (256 hits) were used to generate 10-point DRCs, with compound concentrations from 0.05 to 25 μM. The acquired images were analyzed using in-house software to quantify cell numbers and infection ratios. The antiviral activity was normalized to positive (mock) and negative (0.5% DMSO) controls in each assay plate. DRCs were fitted by sigmoidal dose–response models, and the equation was described as Y = Bottom + (Top–Bottom)/(1 + (IC50/X)Hillslope) using XLfit 4 Software or Prism7. The IC50 was calculated from the normalized activity data set fitted curve. All IC50 and CC50 values were measured in duplicate, and the quality of each assay was controlled by Z′-factor and the coefficient of variation in percent (%CV).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
373,447 |
Beyond the observation that leptin/leptin signaling in PPG neurons suppress PVH inputs, there is limited molecular insight into the underlying mechanisms at play in the "pruning" actions of leptin. The authors mention that PNMT fibers to the PVH decrease from P1 levels to levels seen in adulthood. Are PNMT fibers to the PVH altered by the absence of leptin? Can the absence of leptin alter pruning of neurons that do NOT express leptin receptors?
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
10,378 |
None of the HIV-uninfected participants screened positive using the WHO TB symptom screen. Within the HIV-infected group, 153 participants produced samples for mycobacterial culture, 35 could not despite sputum induction and 16 were too ill or did not return for the procedure. None grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but three grew nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) (not speciated).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
99,484 |
Our analysis uses spatial comparisons to determine diversity loss across different land‐use classes. Because we do not have historic data on species abundances before land‐use conversion, our “baseline” levels of diversity are instead estimated from primary and secondary vegetation remnants, often in highly fragmented, agricultural landscapes. These sites are likely to show some shift in diversity relative to the past, due to human activities both inside and around these sites; for example, many pollinator species have already been driven to regional extinction by human activities (Ollerton, Erenler, Edwards, & Crockett, 2014). Indeed, despite our dataset including almost 1,500 sites across Europe, less than one fifth of Europe's bee species were recorded, with biases towards genera that are species rich (such as Andrena and Lasioglossum) and readily identifiable in the field (e.g. Bombus). Conversely, we may have overestimated the benefit of primary vegetation for bee diversity. In temperate regions, wooded areas are often not particularly beneficial for bees (Winfree, Griswold, & Kremen, 2007), so diversity can increase with low amounts of disturbance that open up habitats or with low‐input agricultural activities that can provide floral and nesting resources; this is especially true in a region such as Europe, which has had a long history of agricultural use, to which many species will have adapted. However, our sample size for primary vegetation was too small to estimate diversity in these areas separately.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
355,516 |
These PTMs are mediated by enzymes inducing and reversing acetylation, tyrosination, polyglycylation as well as polyglutamylation. Hence, PTMs coexists and might interact on the same MT. Decoration of the MT-surface with PTMs results in a wide and fine-tuned range of effects on interacting proteins. The composed “tubulin code” is yet beginning to unravel (reviewed in [6, 7]). The PTM polyglutamylation enhances the number of negative charges and changes the conformation on the MT-surface, which affects the interaction with MAPs and motor proteins [7–9]. Glutamylation of MTs is executed by Tubulin Tyrosine Ligase Like (TTLL) enzymes. The addition of the initial glutamate (Glu) residue to the γ-carboxyl group near the C-terminus of polymerized tubulin can be catalyzed by TTLL4 [10–13]. TTLL4 prefers β-tubulin and acts as an “initiase” or “monoglutamylase”, creating short Glu chains , which can be further elongated by “polyglutamylases” e.g. TTLL1 [15–22].
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
91,442 |
Overall, the study participants had a median age of 31 years (IQR: 26–37) [31 years (IQR: 26–37) in the men’s building, 29 years (IQR: 24–39) in the women’s building and 32 years (IQR: 29–40) among infirmary inpatient], and had been in detention for a median of 22 months (IQR: 11–32) [23 months (IQR: 13–33) in the men’s building, 5 months (IQR: 1–14) in the women’s building and 22 months (IQR: 16–28) among infirmary inpatient]. Five percent had a past history of TB, 22% declared a cough lasting for more than two weeks, 13% a fever lasting for more than two weeks, 15% a recent loss of appetite, and 26% chest pains. On physical examination, 11% were found with a body mass index lower than 18.5 Kg/m2 and 1% had objectified fever.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
268,771 |
Almost all human genes are transcribed and spliced in order to generate mature transcripts before being translated into proteins or to carry out specific regulatory functions as non-coding RNAs . The splicing process is mediated by a large macromolecular complex, named the spliceosome, which coordinates and catalyses splicing reactions . The spliceosome machinery is able to recognize the generally short exonic sequences that are interspersed between long introns. Since the sequences that mark the exon–intron boundaries display degenerate nature with relatively little sequence constraints at the splice sites, numerous cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors assist the spliceosome in the definition of the coding exons to be included in the mature transcript . Competition between splice sites, differential recruitment of splicing factors and/or RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), DNA and RNA modifications, chromatin and RNA secondary structures, kinetics of transcriptional elongation and intron removal, all contribute to regulation of splicing, greatly expanding the number of transcript variants arising from a single gene locus through a process termed alternative splicing . Interestingly, these regulatory mechanisms greatly impact splicing efficiency, thus contributing, at least in part, to unconventional splicing events that can occur alternatively or concomitantly with canonical splicing events (see below). Importantly, although canonical and non-canonical splicing utilize the same spliceosome machinery and many of the associated splicing factors and RBPs, the two RNA maturation processes are not always governed by the same rules . The central nervous system (CNS) represents the tissue in which unconventional splicing events are most common, possibly reflecting, or more likely, contributing to its functional complexity . Thus, it is not surprising that deregulation of non-canonical splicing strongly correlates with dysfunctional programs of neuronal differentiation and brain development , and ultimately, with brain disorders . Herein, we discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying canonical and non-canonical splicing events, with particular emphasis on the impact of unconventional splicing events on brain physiology and pathology.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
105,468 |
Cells (1 × 106 cells/mL) were exposed to 250 µg/mL of OP-1 and 5.0 μg/mL ConA for 24 h at 37 °C and 5% CO2. After incubation, the cell supernatants were then collected via centrifugation at 1200× g for 5 min. The concentrations of IL-2 were assayed via an ELISA kit.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
309,767 |
Some participants proposed that learners watch video-recordings of their consultations with instructors to help them reflect on their practice. One participant also stated that it was difficult to teach EGP, and that the only way to do this would be to provide opportunities for reflection. One participant used the phrase ‘time out’ to describe the usefulness of creating opportunities to pause and reflect on one’s practice:
| 2 | 2other
| 1Other
|
364,922 |
Viruses are the dominating pathogens of upper respiratory tract infections, whereas bacteria are predominant in lower respiratory tract infection. The most common bacterial pathogens in community-acquired respiratory infections are pneumococci. In addition, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella and Enterobacteriaceae play a role. Staphylococcus aureus and Chlamydophila pneumoniae also occur rarely. For Germany, the CAPNETZ study has provided epidemiological data. Difficult to treat multidrug-resistant pathogens, especially methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas spp. only play a minor role in community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections in Germany. An exception here are acute exacerbations in patients with severe COPD, with bronchiectasis or with known chronic infection with Pseudomonas.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
224,473 |
In summary, we developed an nMOF confinement strategy to isolate ZnP PSs and prevent their aggregation and excited state quenching. As a result, the isolated PSs in ZnP@Hf-QC efficiently absorbed light to significantly enhance 1O2 generation and efficiently kill cancer cells. ZnP@Hf-QC mediated PDT effectively eradicated/regressed colorectal cancers in two mouse models. The confinement of photosensitizers in nMOF pores provides a new strategy to unleash the potential of poorly soluble, highly conjugated PSs in PDT.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
283,444 |
The questionnaire was activated from 6 August to 17 August 2020. Initially, it was accessible to Prolific users. 750 complete data records were reached via the platform by 10 August on a first come, first served basis (a total of 760 participants were recruited via the Prolific Platform). The questionnaire was then made accessible to recipients of the university’s e-mailing list from 10 August to 17 August. This resulted in an additional 153 data records.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
|
166,237 |
\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{upgreek} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} }{}$NOC = number\;of\;immediate\;sub - classes\;of\;a\;class$\end{document}NOC=numberofimmediatesub−classesofaclass
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
114,877 |
Of the 1,633 viruses with antigenic and/or genetic characterisation data, 678 (42%) were tested for neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) susceptibility using genetic and/or phenotypic methods: 349 A(H1N1)pdm09, 264 A(H3N2), 54 B/Yamagata-lineage and 11 B/Victoria-lineage viruses. One A(H1N1)pdm09 virus carrying neuraminidase (NA) I223R amino acid substitution showed reduced inhibition (RI) by oseltamivir. Two others showed RI by zanamivir, only one of which was sequenced and shown to carry NA S247I substitution. One virus carried NA H275Y substitution which has been associated with highly reduced inhibition (HRI) by oseltamivir but it was not tested phenotypically. One A(H3N2) virus showed RI by oseltamivir and zanamivir and one by zanamivir only. Both viruses were sequenced but no amino acid substitutions previously or potentially associated with RI were identified. One B virus showed RI by zanamivir (sevenfold) but no amino acid substitution previously or potentially associated with RI was identified. For 80 cases with antiviral susceptibility data, antiviral treatment with oseltamivir up to 14 days before specimen collection was reported, including one case infected with an A(H3N2) virus showing RI by zanamivir. All other cases with indications of being infected with viruses showing RI or HRI by a NAI, for which antiviral exposure status was reported, had not received antivirals before specimen collection. One case infected with A(H1N1)pdm09 carrying NA S247N substitution was exposed to oseltamivir through a treated household contact.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
388,041 |
Results are presented as the mean±SD. Data were compared by ANOVA followed by multiple group comparisons using Tukey test. Statistical significance was accepted at a level of P< 0.05. All of the statistical analyses were performed using the Sigmaplot software (version 14; Systat Software Inc., San Jose, CA, USA).
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
149,794 |
Negative emotion scores: the negative emotions were evaluated by the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) before and after training, and each scale contained 20 items and has a total score of 100 points. Higher scores indicated that the negative emotions of patients were more serious .
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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179,047 |
Despite this, other sources of vegetable oils with less competition for food supply can be explored as raw materials for the development of bio-polymers. In Malaysia, the extraction of crude palm oil (CPO) from Elaeis guineensis produces massive amounts of by-products in the form of palm pressed fiber, empty fruit bunch (EFB), palm oil mill effluent (POME), etc. which are disposed of with a high amount of oil still within. As an example, 1.13 tons of EFB was produced per 1 ton of crude palm oil (CPO) in 2012 with 3–12% of CPO remaining on the OPEFB . The residual palm oil (RPO) showed similar fatty acid composition to CPO but with lower oil quality due to the formation of degradation products such as free fatty acids (FFA), peroxides, etc. . Therefore, with an annual production of some 19.14 million tons of crude palm oil in 2020 , the EFB itself can yield about 2.5 million tons of residual oil if fully recovered. Since this residual oil is not fit for consumption due to the degradation products, its utilization to other non-food products such as bio-polyurethane has potential economic and environmental benefits.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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260,698 |
Mercury (Hg) pollution caused by industrial activity has been attracting global attention for decades . Mercury occurs in many forms in aqueous solution depending on oxidation and reduction conditions . The main forms of Hg exposure in the general population include methylmercury (MeHg) from seafood, inorganic mercury (I–Hg) from food, and mercury vapor (Hg0) from dental amalgam fillings . Most Hg occurs in organic and inorganic forms of divalent mercury and Hg0, as a form of Hg dissolved in an aqueous phase . Once Hg has reached surface waters or soils, microorganisms convert it to MeHg, a substance that can be absorbed quickly by most organisms including marine life. MeHg, upon consumption, can cause negative health effects (i.e., nerve, kidney and intestinal damage; stomach disruption; reproductive failure; and DNA alteration) . Inorganic mercury, Hg0 and Hg2+, is released into the environment from a variety of anthropogenic and natural sources. In particular, Hg2+ ions are one of the largest hazardous Hg pollutants in aquatic ecosystems . Furthermore, Hg2+ is not readily biodegradable and is prone to bioaccumulation and biomagnification across trophic levels. Exposure to Hg2+ has been linked to several diseases; such as Minamata , acrodynia , cardiac and neurological disorders, and several developmental illnesses.
| 5 | 0biomedical
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212,745 |
To systematically estimate the relationship between CENPN and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), the CIBERSORT algorithm method was employed to infer the fractions of 22 immune cell types in tumor samples based on gene expression profiles. Consistent with the ssGSEA results, CD8+ T cells, follicular helper T cells, Tregs, gamma delta T cells, M0, M1 and M2 macrophages in TCGA and follicular helper T cells and M0 macrophages in CGGA were enriched in the CENPN-high group. However, memory resting CD4+ T cells, NK cells activated, dendritic cells and mast cells, monocytes and eosinophils in TCGA and CD4 naïve T cells, monocytes, mast cells and NK cells activated in CGGA were enriched in the CENPN-low group (Figure 4). These findings indicated an important role of CENPN in the glioma immune microenvironment.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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208,535 |
In conclusion, this study identifies a restricted set of genes that correlate with early AD cortical pathology and subjective cognitive impairment and points to future directions for research into how microglia may mediate early cognitive decline. In addition, this work identifies NPH patients with AD pathology as a possible pre-AD population that may benefit from early intervention in AD clinical trials. Finally, this study suggests that this patient population may be particularly interesting to study prospectively, and future studies will seek to link these gene expression modules with subsequent cognitive decline or cognitive resilience.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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297,558 |
Comparison of the genomic distribution profiles of the vsiRNAs collected from susceptible MM and resistant Ty-1 tomato indicated that the IR and the region “V1–C3 junction” were relatively more targeted in Ty-1 tomato. The percentage of vsiRNAs to those regions was increased 3 and 1.5 fold, respectively (Table 2A). A previous study reported that in MM plants the IR was targeted relatively more by vsiRNAs of 24-nt than by those of 21-nt and 22-nt (Piedra-Aguilera et al., 2019). A closer look at the data from this study confirmed these observations (Table 2C). This study in addition showed that in Ty-1 tomato, the amount of vsiRNAs mapping to the IR increased for all three size classes (21-, 22-, and 24-nt) in both polarities, but with the highest amounts of antisense vsiRNAs (Table 2C). In both MM and Ty-1 tomato, the antisense reads of 24-nts vsiRNAs were most prevalent (3.6 and 6.1%, respectively, Table 2C).
| 4 | 0biomedical
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325,021 |
In this regard, the effect of commercial b-PEI (50 kDa) on the OM of representatives of Gram-negative bacteria as E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. typhimurium was investigated by evaluating the bacterial uptake of l-N-phenylnaphthylamine, which is a hydrophobic probe indicating increased hydrophobic permeation of the OM. The uptake was prominent at the low concentration of 20 µg/mL. In addition, PEIs were able to sensitize the bacteria under study to the hydrophobic antibiotics as clindamycin, erythromycin, fucidin, novobiocin and rifampicin, to the lytic action of the detergent SDS and concerning P. aeruginosa, also to the non-ionic detergent Triton X-100. From the results, it was reported that PEIs showed to be a potent permeabilizer of the OM of Gram-negative bacteria, even if it does not inhibit the growth of bacteria to any significant extent .
| 4 | 0biomedical
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154,230 |
Considering these digital advances, educating future clinicians, including psychologists and psychotherapists, will be important to ensure optimal, safe use of AI/ML enabled tools and innovations. So far, a growing number of investigations have explored the views of clinicians including primary care physicians on the impact of AI/ML tools on their job (3–7). These studies, albeit limited, suggest that mental health clinicians expect AI/ML to influence or change their professional roles in the future. For example, in 2020, an international survey of 791 psychiatrists reported that 75% (n = 593) believed that AI/ML enabled tools would, at some point, be able to fully replace psychiatrists in documenting and updating clinical records (7). In the same survey, 54% (n = 427) of psychiatrists believed that AI/ML tools will be able to fully replace humans in synthesizing information to make diagnoses. In qualitative research, psychiatrists express divergent opinions on the benefits and harms of AI/ML in treating mental health patients with comments demonstrating scarce reflection of ethical and regulatory considerations for patient care (6). Similarly, in a recent survey of psychiatrists in France (n = 515) (8), respondents expressed “moderate acceptability” of disruptive technologies, such as wrist bands for monitoring symptoms, but concluded that this likely reflected lack of extensive knowledge about these technologies.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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260,350 |
Across the EvolvAGene and INDELible alignments, CIAlign removed a median of 0.188% of correctly aligned pairs with the most relaxed settings, 0.749% with moderate settings and 3.76% with stringent settings (Fig. S4A, Table S4). To compare, Gblocks removed 22.4%, trimAl 1.42% and ZORRO 0.148% (Fig. S4A, Table S4). CIAlign is therefore significantly less deleterious of correctly aligned material than Gblocks at all three stringency levels ,while trimAl falls between the moderate and stringent CIAlign settings for this measure. ZORRO removes slightly less correctly aligned pairs than CIAlign with relaxed settings (Fig. S4A, Table S4). CIAlign removes significantly less positions (7.41%, 8.10% and 9.96% for relaxed, moderate and stringent settings) overall than Gblocks (38.2%) and trimAl (12.8%) at all stringency settings and a similar proportion to ZORRO (7.64%) when run with moderate settings (Fig. S4A, Table S4). A linear regression, showing the relationship between the total proportion of positions removed with each tool and the proportion of correctly aligned residue pairs removed, shows CIAlign with relaxed settings has a similar trade-off between gain and loss of signal to ZORRO (Fig. S4B). For moderate CIAlign settings trimAl and CIAlign are comparable, except with Clustal Omega alignments, where, as discussed above, CIAlign removes a large proportion of divergent sequences and therefore a greater proportion of correct positions. Highly stringent CIAlign settings are between trimAl and Gblocks for this metric, again with the exception of Clustal Omega alignments (Fig. S4B).
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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372,156 |
Standard pulmonary function was tested by spirometry, and values of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) were expressed as percentages of reference values for South East Asian individuals, as reported by the European Respiratory Society Global Lung Function Initiative, which were adjusted for age, sex, and height . Nutrition outcomes were evaluated by weight/height and body mass index (BMI). For adult patients (> 18 years old), BMI below 18.5 was considered underweight; for children and adolescents under 18, BMI was compared to the BMI growth curves for Chinese children and adolescents aged 0 to 18 years (Table 1) . Table 1Clinical manifestations and CFTR mutations for CF patients from this studyNo.SexAge at Dx (y)Age at onset (y)Weight/ Height (kg/m)BMI Nutrition statusFamily historySweat test Cl−, mmol/l)Pulmonary function FEV1% pred; FEV1/FVC)Pancreatic insufficiencySudan III stainingGastrointestinal symptomsOther comorbiditiesDiagnosis before CF confirmationSputum cultureCFTR Variant 1CFTR Variant 2cDNA nameProtein name (Legacy name)cDNA nameProtein name (Legacy name)1F221048/1.6218.3 underweightnone113.786.4%; 80.60%noneNAchronic gastritisNPbronchiectasis; TBPAc.2909G > A bp.G970D (G970D)c.3068 T > Gp.I1023R2F11new born39/1.517.3none164.785.9%; 74.66%nonenegativenoneABPAnonePAc.2909G > A bp.G970D (G970D)c.2997_3000delAATTp.I1000* (3129del4)3F141243/1.6515.8 BMI < P15csister died at 7 m for unknown reason18360.5%; 62.21%PIpositivediarrheaABPAbronchiectasisMRSA,MSSAc.2909G > A bp.G970D (G970D)c.2909G > A bp.G970D (G970D)4F18852/1.6219.8None19946.7%; 56.87%nonenegativediarrheaABPAnonePA, MAc.1766 + 5G > T b(1898 + 5G- > A)c.1766 + 5G > T b(1898 + 5G- > A)5M22265/1.722.5None151.461.1%; 61.83%nonenegativenonenonepneumoniaPAc.607A > T ap.I203Fc.3635delTp.V1212Afs*166–1F301545/1.5618.5Sister (6–2): CF117.938.4%; 60.32%nonenegativenonesinusitis, HAnonePAc.2909G > A bp.G970D (G970D)c.2909G > A bp.G970D (G970D)6–2F333050/1.522.2Sister (6–1): CF161.191.6%; 73.32%noneNAnonenonenoneNAc.2909G > A bp.G970D (G970D))c.2909G > A bp.G970D (G970D)7F40.6715/1.0613.3 BMI < P5cNone80NAPINAfatty diarrheasinusitisnonePAc.325 T > G ap.Y109Dc.3196C > T bp.R1066C (R1066C)8F181355/1.719.0None8544.6%; 56.69%nonenegativenonenonebronchiectasisPA, MSSAc.293A > G bp.Q98R (Q98R)c.2353C > T bp.R785* (R785X)9F181152.5/1.620.5None12049.2%; 75.7%nonenegativenonesinusitis, HADPBPA, MRSAc.54-?_273 +?del (△E2–3) a–not detected–10F18545/1.6416.7 underweightNone218.425.9%; 56.26%noneNAnonesinusitis, HAbronchiectasisnegativec.3883_3886delATTT bp.I1295Ffs*32c.2909G > A bp.G970D (G970D)11F160.530/1.5812.0 BMI < P3cNoneNA21.8%; 50.34%noneNANonesinusitis, NPTBPAc.2909G > Ap.G970D (G970D)c.1657C > T bp.R553* (R553X)12M12531/1.4814.2 BMI < P3cNone21084.3%; 74.79%PIpositivelipid drops in feces, hepatomegalysinusitisbronchiectasisPAc.405_406dupACp.L136Hfs*18c.1388G > Ap.G463D13M221477/1.7824.3None19286.1%; 88.35%nonenegativenoneCBAVD, sinusitisbronchiectasisSA, KP, PAc.2125C > T bp.R709* (R709X)c.2909G > A bp.G970D (G970D)14M211050/1.717.3 underweightNone13346.0%; 60.25%PIpositivenoneABPA, CBAVD, sinusitisTBPA, MSSAc.2547C > A bp.Y849* (Y849X)c.2909G > A bp.G970D (G970D)15F201254/1.718.7None6358.3%; 61.37%nonenegativenonesinusitis, HADPBPAc.3196C > Ap.R1066S (R1066S)not detected–16F16550/1.717.3sister: repeated pulmonary infection and died at 1015484.7%; 80.91%nonenegativenoneABPA, sinusitisbronchopneumoniaPAc.1679 + 2 T > C–c.2658-1G > C b(2790-1G- > C)17F221445/1.5818.0none8193.6%; 88.36%noneNAnoneABPAbronchiectasisnegativec.293A > G bp.Q98R (Q98R)c.293A > G bp.Q98R (Q98R)18M18642.5/1.714.7 underweightnone9926.2%; 55.40%suspected PINAabdominal distensionCBAVDnonePAc.595C > Tp.H199Y (H199Y)c.2909G > A bp.G970D (G970D)19F44650/1.6219.1noneNANAnoneNAnonenonebronchiectasisPAc.1716C > A ap.D572Ec.2909G > A bp.G970D (G970D)a Novel mutationsb Variants annotated as CF-causing in the CFTR2 database (http://cftr2.org) by functional tests in cell-based systemsc BMI percentile for Chinese children and adolescents ABPA allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, BMI body mass index, CBAVD congenital absence of the vas deferens, DPB diffusive pan-bronchiolitis, Dx diagnosis, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s, FVC forced vital capacity, HA hypoalbuminemia, MA Mycobacterium avium, MSSA methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus; MRSA methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; NA not available, NP Nasal polyp; PA Pseudomonas aeruginosa; PI pancreatic insufficiency; KP Klebsiella pneumoniae; SA Staphylococcus aureus; TB tuberculosis
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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321,984 |
Because the lack of the sensitive CRH antibody, we could not assess CRH neurological activity with FIHC. Therefore, CRH was only evaluated with regard to gene expression by ISH. The gene expression levels of CRH mRNA in the pPVN were significantly increased in carrageenan group compared with control and saline groups at both 2 and 6 h after IA injection (Figure 8A). For CRH mRNA probe binding level in the pPVN, two-way ANOVA showed a statistical difference in experimental group [F (2, 49) = 13.48, P < 0.01) and time after IA injection [F (2, 49) = 14.59, P < 0.01). The CRH mRNA probe biding level was also significantly increased in carrageenan group compared with control and saline groups at both 2 h (carrageenan vs. control; P < 0.05, carrageenan vs. saline; P < 0.05) and 6 h (carrageenan vs. control; P < 0.01, carrageenan vs. saline; P < 0.01) after injection. However, this change was attenuated to the same level as that of control and saline groups 12 h after IA injection (Figure 8B).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
25,100 |
For the past two decades, the genetic diversity of kudzu has been assessed with the various molecular markers of the corresponding era. For instance, Pappert et al. used 13 allozymes across 1000 US accessions to conclude that introduced kudzu possessed considerable genetic variation with a lack of geographic structuring. Similar conclusions were subsequently reached by Jewett et al. using 18 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers across 50 accessions from the US and China, and by Sun et al. using 11 inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers across 108 accessions from the US and China. A decade later, Bentley and Mauricio , using 15 SSRs and one chloroplast marker across 1747 US accessions, reported that the high levels of genetic diversity result from high clonal reproduction in kudzu, as described by Ellstrand and Roose , Balloux et al. , and Halkett et al. . Specifically, high levels of genetic variation are expected in clonal populations when the populations were founded by sexual propagules , which can be the case even if recruitment of sexual offspring into established populations is rare. This may be the case for kudzu due to its deliberate introduction by landowners into novel habitats from seed stock. Additionally, clonal populations are capable of maintaining higher genetic diversity at each locus even though they support a lower number of different genotypes [45, 46]. Our results corroborate the findings that introduced kudzu displays high levels of genetic variation throughout the US (Table 6, Additional file 13); however, we still maintain that the high genetic variation is possibly indicative of multiple introductions from across its native range.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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128,498 |
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments have verified bond force for the avidin–biotin biomolecular bond [62–65]. Specifically, the force quantum of an individual biotin-avidin was measured to be 160 ± 20 pN . The value of biomolecular spring constants have been estimated at ~ 0.1 pN/m, based on Bell’s original model [60, 61], but experimental validation has remained elusive.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
122,855 |
Table 2 summarizes the pre- and post-operative comparisons of NRS tinnitus loudness and TQ scores. All four patients showed improved NRS loudness and TQ scores under the post-operative CI-on state compared with the pre-operative baseline. Also, compared to pre-operative NRS loudness (median, 8.5; range, 7–9) and TQ scores (median, 61; range, 52–78), the post-operative CI-on state showed improved NRS loudness (median, 4; range, 3–6) and TQ scores (median, 42.5; range, 29–56) with a trend-level significance (P = 0.068; Z = 1.826 for both comparisons, Wilcoxon signed rank test). When we compared the post-operative CI-on and off states, the CI-on state showed tinnitus alleviation with regard to NRS loudness and TQ score compared with CI-off NRS loudness (median, 8.5; range, 6–9) and TQ score (median, 61; range, 52–76) with a trend-level significance (P = 0.068; Z = 1.826 for both comparisons, Wilcoxon signed rank test). However, the comparison between the pre-operative baseline and the post-operative CI-off state showed no differences with regard to NRS loudness and TQ score (P = 0.317; Z = 1.00 and P = 0.564; Z = 0.577, respectively, Wilcoxon signed rank test) (Table 2).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
385,035 |
The thermal properties of BCL-PVP/VA solid dispersions obtained by either spray-drying or ball milling were investigated utilizing Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The thermograms were measured during heating from 273 to 478 K with a rate equal to 10 K/min. Since the mixtures additionally contain water (a broad endothermic event was registered in the vicinity of 300–380 K, the result of the hygroscopic nature of the polymer), to properly examine their properties, each sample was measured with and without drying procedure. The dried samples, prior to the measurements, were annealed in the DSC device at T = 323 K for 10 min. It has been noticed that besides the disappearance of the broad thermal event reflecting the water evaporation and shift in Tg, the drying procedure did not change the DSC trace of supercooled samples (see Figure 3). It should be noted that the investigated samples revealed three thermal events. First, a step-like behavior registered in the vicinity of 320–360 K that is associated with the glass transition. It is worth noting that the endotherm overshoot visible in the glass transition is associated with a physical aging phenomenon. Second, the exothermal event registered in the temperature range from 390 to 430 K, which corresponds to the sample re-crystallization. Third, the endothermal event registered at 430–360 K, reflecting the melting of bicalutamide. It must be mentioned that the presence of a single Tg, coupled with the information gathered from PXRD (see Section 3.3), suggest the formation of molecular dispersions in all examined samples.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
108,850 |
Evidence suggesting that the radiosensitization induced by YTR107 is mediated by NPM1 was also reported . First it was shown that NPM1-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) but not NPM1-wt MEFs are deficient in DNA repair and are radiosensitive. Then, it was shown that treatment with YTR107 of NPM1wt MEFs, but not of NPM1-null MEFs, impaired the formation of pNPM1 irradiation-induced foci and triggered a significant dose-dependent radiosensitization . YTR107 was also shown to bind to the N-terminal region of NPM1 (residues 1-122) responsible for protein oligomerization and to promote NPM1 monomerization (Figure 3) . Very recently, the synthesis of YTR107 analogues with increased efficacy on several cell lines, including OCI-AML3, has also been reported .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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314,462 |
Experiment 3 comprised a 2 (relevance condition: self-relevant vs. negative valence) × 3 (shape: relevant-associated vs. neutral1-associated vs. neutral2-associated) × 2 (matching condition: matching vs. non-matching) × 2 (SOA: short vs. long) mixed design. The assignment of the shapes to the labels was balanced across participants following a Latin-square design.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
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331,287 |
First, we calculated how much the boundaries of our sub-TAD and TAD solutions are correlated with the CTCF signals, which are known to be linked to TAD boundaries [22, 23] (Fig 6B). We quantified this in terms of a correlation function, χ(d), where d is the genomic distance between a domain boundary and each CTCF signal (Methods). Compared with those of ArrowHead and DomainCaller, the correlation function calculated for the results from Multi-CD shows a similar enrichment of CTCF signals at domain boundaries (high peak of correlation at d ≈ 0), along with better precisions (fast decay of correlation as d increases) (see Fig 6B). Specifically, when fitted to exponential decays, the correlation lengths are 34 kb (λ = 0) and 143 kb (λ = 10) for Multi-CD, compared to ≳ 900 kb for the two previous methods (Fig 6B).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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253,472 |
Sample line list. The sample line list holds information on samples and metadata created by the workbench itself (creation and modification date), metadata computed by the M. tuberculosis Sample Report plugin (% Reads Mapped, Drug Resistance Type [phenotypes, MDR or sensitive or mono-resistant], Family, Spoligotype, % Lineage Agreement). Columns not seen in the figure are the genotypes corresponding to the phenotypic information.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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240,466 |
The appearances of native and HMT rice flours are shown in Figure 2 and the results of chromaticity analyses are listed in Table 2. Accordingly, the native rice flour of sbeIIb/Lgc1 was slightly darker and browner than that of SXG100, possibly because of the different chemical compositions. As a result of HMT, the color of HMT rice flours turned darker progressively as reflected by the L*-value for both sbeIIb/Lgc1 and SXG100. Meanwhile, the increases in the a*-value and b*-value indicated that the degrees of redness and yellowness of the HMT flours of both sbeIIb/Lgc1 and SXG100 were also enhanced. Consequently, the WI of HMT rice flours was also gradually decreased as the moisture content increased. A similar observation was also made when rice flour was treated by HMT under some other conditions . According to Figure 2 and ΔE in Table 2, the color changes of HMT flours were not so great when the rice flour mass fractions were 100~80% as those when the rice flour mass fractions were 70%. It has been proposed that the changes in flour color might be attributed to the amino-carbonyl reactions that occurred between proteins and amino acids with carbonyl-containing compounds during heat treatment . Under the same HMT condition, the HMT rice flours of sbeIIb/Lgc1 were always brown and darker than those of SXG100, but for specific treatment the color difference between sbeIIb/Lgc1 and SXG100 was not dramatically higher than that between two native flours as reflected by comparable ΔE values when the rice flour mass fraction was 100% and 90%, suggesting the similar extent of effects of HMT on these two rices in spite of their difference in chemical composition. It has been reported that the extent of the browning of rice flour was positively correlated to the intensity of HMT . Therefore, the parameters of HMT could be adjusted to suit the specific requirements of food coloration.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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238,385 |
The invention of photography and its further technological developments, including digital communication, allowed people to create a new type of sensory cues relevant to courtship activities, mate selection, sexual intercourse, and (ultimately) reproduction. Photography has been used almost from the start to satisfy cravings for pictures of naked people and for erotic images. Retinal images of naked potential partners expressing interest in sexual activity has meant observers had access to reproduction for hundreds of thousands of years. Photos of sexual acts are among those images that are most emotionally arousing (Bradley and Lang, 2007; Wehrum et al., 2013) and pornography is one of the most prominent domains of internet use.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
26,984 |
Evaluating the purity of primary cultured astrocytes and Cx43 expression in astrocytic subcellular components. Primary astrocytes were prepared from newborn mice. a Western blotting analyses of Cx43 levels were conducted with samples prepared from astrocytes from the control, OGD/R, OGD/R-SalB, and OGD/R-CBX groups. Representative protein bands are displayed for total protein extractions and the plasma membrane and cytoplasm compartments. b After OGD/R injury, Cx43 levels were significantly upregulated in the cytoplasm but downregulated in the plasma membrane. SalB treatment reversed these effects. The four groups did not significantly differ in total Cx43 levels. We evaluated the statistical significance with ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple comparisons test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001. Scale bar = 50 μm
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
232,624 |
For SPE, the dendrite formation in the Li metal anode causes a short circuit of the battery, in which the polymer decomposition is the main failure mechanism of this battery . Golozar et al. studied the mechanism of these dendrite formation . The presence of carbon increases the hardness of the dendrite and facilitates their penetration into the SPE, thereby causing a short circuit of the battery. LixCx is formed through the reduction of SPE throughout the cycle, which produces carbon-rich species. In addition, the decomposition of LiTFSI at grain boundaries has also been observed . The dissolution of the lithium metal into the polyether begins at the grain boundary and continues after many cycles leading to the depletion of lithium. Li3N initially formed becomes insoluble in the next cycles and further decomposition of salt leads to the formation of Li2S, LiCxFy, LixCNF3, and LiySOx, where LiF acts as a protective layer for the lithium from further dissolution.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
344,930 |
The orthographic consistency factor had a marginally significant effect in the analysis conducted on in-air pen duration (or pause) between the preposition and the article2, F(1,18.313) = 3.28, p = 0.08 (Estimate = 24.39, SE = 18.31). The time of the pencil in the air was longer when the noun2 contained an inconsistent grapheme than when it did not have it.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
351,963 |
Functional and pathway enrichment analyses were accomplished using DAVID. GO analysis showed that the most significant module was mainly enriched in cell adhesion, extracellular matrix structural constituent, and proteinaceous extracellular matrix (Fig. 3) (Table 2). Moreover, the 20 hub genes were mainly enriched in cell adhesion, endodermal cell differentiation, proteinaceous extracellular matrix, and calcium ion binding (Fig. 4) (Table 3). In addition, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that the DEGs in the most significant module were enriched in ECM–receptor interaction (Fig. 3) (Table 2) and the hub genes were mainly enriched in ECM–receptor interaction, focal adhesion, protein digestion and absorption, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway (Fig. 4) (Table 3). (If p < 0.0001, the corresponding term was considered to be enriched.)
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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338,874 |
Data were subjected to statistical analysis using Statistica 12 software (Cracow, Poland). The mean values were compared by using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and expressed as mean with standard deviation (±SD). The differences between individual means were signed as “*” in tables rows and considered to be significant at p < 0.05. Original results (replications) were given in Supplementary Materials (Table S1, Table S2).
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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272,802 |
However, the cycle which uses DES1 (1 Choline chloride:1 suberic acid) as the PCM has the highest produced power. Nevertheless, according to the results of Table 4, choosing DES4 (1 Choline chloride:0.5 4-hydroxybenzoic acid) as the PCM is the most rational because following DES1, it has the highest power production while the required mass of DES is much lower than DES1. Furthermore, from the exergy destruction point of view, its total exergy destruction is in the same order as the other cycles. For a detailed examination, the contribution of all of the equipment of the cycle using DES4 as the PCM is shown in Figure 10. Moreover, the exergy destruction contribution of the other investigated cycles is also given in Figures S1–S6 of the Supplementary Materials.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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144,622 |
This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers 81870078, 61720106001, 61971285, and 61932022), Shanghai Municipal Health and Medical Talents Training Program (grant number 2018BR09), Shanghai Municipal Education Commission-Gaofeng Clinical Medicine Grant Support (grant number 20181815), and the Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader (grant 17XD1401900).
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
255,326 |
Spinal cord tissues were collected 3 and 7 days after injury and immediately stored at -80°C for western blot analysis. Spinal tissues and PC12 cells were lysed in ice-cold RIPA buffer solution with 1 mM PMSF (phenyl methane sulfonyl fluoride, Beyotime). To measure the protein concentration of each sample, the BCA protein assay kit (Beyotime) was used according to the manufacturer's protocols. After that, the protein samples were separated via sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide (SDS) gel electrophoresis and then carefully transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membrane (PVDF) (Millipore, USA). The membrane proteins were sufficiently blocked with a 5% skim-milk solution at room temperature for 90 min. Then, the membranes were cut and incubated with specific primary antibodies against Nrf2 (1 : 1000, 16396-1-AP, ProteinTech, USA), HO-1 (1 : 1000, 10701-1-AP, ProteinTech, USA), SOD2 (1 : 2000, 24127-1-AP, ProteinTech, USA), β-actin (1 : 1000, 20536-1-AP, ProteinTech, USA), GAPDH (1 : 1000, 10494-1-AP, ProteinTech, USA), Bax (1 : 1000, 50599-2-Ig, ProteinTech, USA), Bcl-2 (1 : 1000, 26593-1-AP, ProteinTech, USA), Histone-H3 (1 : 1000, 17168-1-AP, ProteinTech, USA), LC3 (1 : 1000, 14600-1-AP, ProteinTech, USA), PINK1 (1 : 1000, 23274-1-AP, ProteinTech, USA), Parkin (1 : 1000, 14060-1-AP, ProteinTech, USA), VDAC1 (1 : 1000, 380506, Zen-Bio, China), and TOM20 (1 : 1000, R25952, Zen-Bio, China) for overnight at 4°C. Next, the membranes were incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary (HRP) antibodies (SA00001-1/SA00001-2, ProteinTech, USA) for 90 min at room temperature. The protein bands were carefully evaluated by a ChemiDicTM XRS + Imaging System (Bio-Rad, Berkeley, California, USA). Finally, the bands were quantified using densitometric measurement with the Image Lab 3.0 software.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
279,735 |
The tobacco monitor app was available for android and iOS users. Mary Anne Charity Trust (MACT), Chennai, developed the App. Tobacco Monitor App is a platform where a person can acquire information about the latest happenings related to tobacco eradications, regulations, and cessation, and also give complaints on tobacco-related violations. The app works at two levels, namely as a platform to obtain the latest updates on tobacco eradication and to request referral services. At the second level, a user can report any violations of tobacco. Assessing the app in monitoring the Tobacco Industry's activities, especially regarding their violation of Tobacco Control Laws, Policies, Orders such as WHO - Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), Cigarette and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA), 2003 and challenging the violators. There were 28 different violation types for the user interface. User anonymity and confidentiality of the information provided was assured. The status of the registered complaint was provided to the user. A batch of 1000 students was addressed at a time in the classroom. A PowerPoint presentation of 30 minutes duration on tobacco control legislation in India was presented to them. A video of 10 minutes was shown regarding the use of the Tobacco Monitor app along with the instructions about downloading the app on their smartphones. Students were asked to register complaints with intricate details such as their mobile number, organization name/violating shop, date, location, state, district, street name, city, type of violation, and the picture of violation while submitting any instance or complaint. Students were instructed to identify themselves on the app with their University name to facilitate study exclusive information retrieval and anonymity. The remark section allowed users to describe the violation. Registered complaints were verified by NFTE with the help of an authenticator application. An attempt was made by NFTE to recollect the information in case of incomplete details. A reinforcement message about the use of the Tobacco Monitor app was sent at the end of 1 month via SMS to the respective students. At the end of three months, the data from NFTE regarding tobacco violations were obtained and descriptive statistics were used in reporting the results.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
15,650 |
In the safety analysis set, 62 patients (19.0%, 69/327) had at least one treatment-emergent AE and the percentage of patients with treatment-emergent AEs was similar between the placebo (20.0%, 13/65), AZL-M 40-mg (15.2%, 20/132), and AZL-M 80-mg (22.3%, 29/130) groups (Table 2). No patient died during the study. Overall, nine patients (2.8%, 9/327) had treatment-emergent AEs that were considered by the investigator to be related to study drug. Six patients (1.8%, 6/327) discontinued study drug because of a treatment-emergent AE; one in the placebo group, three in the AZL-M 40-mg group, and two in the AZL-M 80-mg group. Dizziness was the most frequent treatment-emergent AE considered related to study drug (1.8% [6/327] of all patients). Other treatment-emergent AEs considered related to study drug (headache, hypotension, and dyspepsia) were reported in < 1% of the study population (see Table 2).Table 2Treatment-emergent adverse eventsPlacebo (n = 65)AZL-M 40 mg (n = 132)AZL-M 80 mg (n = 130)Total (N = 327)Events, nPatients, n (%)Events, nPatients, n (%)Events, nPatients, n (%)Patients, n (%)Total treatment-emergent AEs1913 (20.0)3020 (15.2)4029 (22.3)62 (19.0) Related to study drug11 (1.5)22 (1.5)76 (4.6)9 (2.8) Not related to study drug1812 (18.5)2818 (13.6)3323 (17.7)53 (16.2)Treatment-emergent AE severity Mild1611 (16.9)2919 (14.4)2521 (16.2)51 (15.6) Moderate21 (1.5)11 (0.8)147 (5.4)9 (2.8) Severe11 (1.5)0011 (0.8)2 (0.6)Treatment-emergent AEs leading to discontinuation1 (1.5)3 (2.3)2 (1.5)6 (1.8)Serious AEs000062 (1.5)2 (0.6)Deaths0000Treatment-emergent AEs related to study drug1 (1.5)2 (1.5)6 (4.6)9 (2.8) Dizziness01 (0.8)5 (3.8)6 (1.8) Headache01 (0.8)1 (0.8)2 (0.6) Hypotension001 (0.8)1 (0.3) Dyspepsia1 (1.5)001 (0.3)AE adverse event, AZL-M azilsartan medoxomil
| 4 | 1clinical
| 1Other
|
144,605 |
The process of automatic selection of representative images. Frames were extracted from the video stream to construct a frame pool initially. Then, inferior frames are dropped during the quality evaluation procedure, and the eligible frames are kept as candidates for representative images. Next, the PCA was employed for dimension reduction. Ultimately, the clustering model select representative images from candidates. PCA, principal component analysis.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
98,286 |
Since an increasing number of protein structures are being solved every day, there arises a need to design an automated protocol for classifying the new structures into families that, will in turn, provide an insight into the putative functions of these newer proteins. Most of the previous studies had employed machine learning algorithms to predict or classify RBPs [6–8, 11, 20, 21]. Electrostatic properties of the solvent accessible surface were used as one of the primary features in such machine learning algorithms. This property was very different even among proteins with very similar structures and functions .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
278,277 |
IL-17 family, IL-17 receptors and signal transduction. The IL-17 family is composed of six homologous dimeric proteins (IL-17A to F), while the receptor family consists of five members, IL-17RA to E. IL-17A and IL-17F bind either as individual homodimers or as a heterodimer to a dimeric IL17RA–IL17RC complex. Act1 has been shown to be the key signal-transducing molecule downstream of IL17RA and C, recruiting TRAF6 to further trigger downstream signaling pathways. Act1 has also been identified in IL-17C- and IL-17E-mediated signaling. Specifically, IL-17RA/RD acts only as a receptor for IL-17A/A. IL-17C associates with IL17RA/E, whereas IL-17E binds to IL-17RA/B.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
209,430 |
The study area and key informants were purposively targeted. Key informants were drawn from the Department of Social Development under the Ministry of Social Welfare, the Family Child Health Department under the Ministry of Health and Child Care, the Department of Women Development under the Ministry of Women Affairs, community and small and medium enterprises development, traditional leaders, cluster facilitators, village health workers and World Vision (VSL officer and nutritionist officer). Using in-depth interviews, the study elicited the views of key informants on whether they considered women’s participation in VSL as having a positive effect on child care, health and nutrition.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
|
220,818 |
The first term here is called the Hellman-Feynman force and the second term comes from the repulsive pairwise potential . These forces are supplied to the molecular dynamics simulations, and the 3N coupled secondary differential equations are numerically solved through the Gear algorithm . Since this method uses the valence electrons of atoms, its computational efficiency is improved compared with that of ab initio calculations, which is a very important factor in practical calculations .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
85,568 |
As it is known, one of the principles of oncologic resection of malignant tumors is the maintenance of free margin to avoid incomplete resection of the tumor and possible iatrogenic spread. That is why the previously mentioned meta-analysis aimed to observe the margins width in each technique. As a result, no significant difference was observed, although there was a tendency for smaller margins in laparoscopic hepatectomies, which suggests a greater difficulty in identifying the lesion through robotic intraoperative ultrasound. This can be explained by the fact that the surgeon who performs the ultrasound is not the one responsible for the robotic hepatectomy. However, further studies are necessary for a better data analysis. The study of Montalti et al. (2015) considers that laparoscopic hepatectomies have a reduced blood loss and a shorter operative time compared to robotic hepatectomies.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
352,030 |
The most common monogenic cause of PD is mutation of the autosomal dominant Leucine Rich Repeat Kinase (LRRK2) gene, a complex gene whose role in neurodegeneration is not completely understood. The G2019S mutation in the LRRK2 gene, represents the most common pathogenic mutation identified in PD worldwide, accounting for up to 1–6% of sporadic and 3–19% of familial PD with even higher frequencies in Ashkenazi Jews (11, 80). At present there are no sensitive methods to identify those likely to develop the disease. Non-manifesting carriers (NMC) are considered to have an increased risk, G2019S penetrance range between 30 and 80% at age 80, for future development of the disease (11). Phenoconversion from a motorically asymptomatic to an affected state probably reflects an age-associated failure to compensate for kinase dysfunction (81). Once manifest, the motor features of LRRK2- PD are largely indistinguishable from idiopathic PD (10). The identification and follow-up of carriers of the LRRK2- G2019S mutation who still have not developed motor symptoms of PD represents a unique opportunity for studying the prodromal stage of PD (67). Mirelman et al. (82) has been the first to evaluate the MDS Research Criteria for Prodromal PD in carriers of the LRRK2- G2019S mutation and the first among Ashkenazi Jews. According to their results, the criteria had high sensitivity and specificity in identifying prodromal PD in this high- risk unique cohort.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
244,132 |
Colorectal Cancer (CRC), a tumor affecting the large intestine that includes the ascending, transverse, descending and rectal tract, is the third most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer deaths, with approximately 1.9 million new cases and 935,000 deaths worldwide reported in 2020, according to World Health Organization Globocan database (Sung et al., 2021). The 1-year survival rate is about 80% after diagnosis. The 5-year rate is between 45 and 65% in developed countries and between 8 and 45% in developing countries (Keum and Giovannucci, 2019). Industrialization and economic growth have worsened the situation, promoting a sedentary lifestyle, poor dietary habits, alcohol consumption and smoking (American Psychiatric Association, 2013; Murphy et al., 2019). Such behavioral factors, together with environmental and genetic factors are considered among the major risk factors for CRC development (Murphy et al., 2019). The impact of psychological factors on the incidence of CRC has been studied including anxiety and depression (Kroenke et al., 2005) and perceived stress (Kikuchi et al., 2017). Such studies are coherent with paradigms that consider psychological components and personality characteristics as factors affecting mortality (Roberts et al., 2007; O'Súilleabháin et al., 2021). According to recent works, psychological traits seem to share a common pathogenic mechanism typical of increased mucosal inflammation, metabolic parameters and proinflammatory status (Mancini et al., 2020). In line with this, an increasing number of studies are equating psychosocial factors (depression, anxiety, hostility, social isolation) to biological factors (smoking, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, obesity, diabetes) in the pathogenesis of several diseases (Attilio et al., 2018). In the oncological field, a meta-analysis carried out on 165 controlled studies showed that stress-prone personality or unfavorable coping styles and negative emotional responses are related to an increased incidence of cancer, a worse prognosis and an increase in mortality (Chida et al., 2008).
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
367,425 |
The potential of FBGs to be used as spectrally narrow band reflectors for creating in-fibre cavities for fiber lasers has been utilized in this approach. As an example, the use of FBG-based lasers as sensors was described by some authors . An interferometric detection technique is demonstrated for interrogating laser wavelength shifts due to measurand-induced laser cavity strain for ultrasonic waves with high resolution. The FBG laser sensor (FBGLS) is an optical fibre doped with Erbium of a finite length with two optically matched FBG on either ends that acts as the cavity for lasing. The light from the pump laser is diverted through a WDM coupler to the interferometric interrogation system as shown in Figure 6. The laser source is connected through the WDM coupler to a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) and any shift in wavelength is converted to interference pattern phase shifts and was recorded by a dynamic signal analyser. The phase modulation is determined by the product of the laser cavity strain and the imbalance in the path of the interferometer. For a single-mode FBGLS, the interferometer phase shift is dependent on the output wavelength (or optical frequency) and the interferometer optical path difference (OPD). The line width of the laser emitted is very narrow with increased coherence length and so a large OPD can increase the sensitivity of the system. The interferometer phase noise was translated to a FBGLS strain resolution of 5.6 × 10−14/ √Hz. The strain resolution obtained is due to the limit imposed by the thermally induced cavity length fluctuations of the lasers.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
235,977 |
To evaluate the irregular placement of the electrodes, we set up an 8-electrode configuration (at the top level) and created a corresponding FEM-based model (Figure 5b), which contained approximately 15,000 elements. The remaining, unused electrodes then allowed us to materialize the irregular placement along the perimeter.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
287,525 |
Gastric cancers in pediatric patients in general are also extremely rare. In a report on 5 pediatric patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, all patients presented with nonspecific symptoms with the most common being vomiting, abdominal pain, anemia, and weight loss. Four of the five patients had diffuse metastatic disease. All patients received a platinum-based therapy with either cisplatin or oxaliplatin as well as 5-fluorouracil. Of the five patients, only one was reported alive at the time of publication. The mean time to death of the other patients was 2.8 months .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
285,692 |
Analysis of CLOSITRA clones, harboring a single integrated copy, showed that some exhibit transgene expression equivalent to that measured in clones with multiple integrated copies. This analysis also showed that more than 50% of the CLOSITRA clones had a non-functional (disrupted) single-integration cassette. Furthermore, sequencing of these clones showed that all CLOSITRA with β-glucuronidase activity had a transgene integration site in the vicinity of other genes, which is not surprising due to the very compact genome of diatoms.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
366,217 |
Besides membrane ABC transporters, it has to be emphasized that several intracellular ABC transporters (Fig. 1) have been shown to affect membrane lipid composition indirectly, and by extension PM lateral organization. For example, ABCA2, highly expressed in the brain, plays a role in sphingolipid homeostasis by modulating the intracellular metabolism of sphingolipids [94, 95]. ABCA2 inactivation in mice leads to an age-related modification of brain lipids, resulting in deficiencies in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine, and sphingomyelin and accumulation of ganglioside GM1. ABCA2 is mainly localized in the late endosome/lysosome compartment and the trans-Golgi network in neurons and oligodendrocytes , suggesting that ABCA2 may play a role in intracellular lipid trafficking. ABCA2 has also been found to play a role in cholesterol homeostasis. Indeed, ABCA2 over-expression in CHO cells (CHOA2) led to an increased level of unesterified cholesterol in cytoplasmic and endosome/lysosome vesicles together with reduced LDL-derived cholesterol trafficking to the endoplasmic reticulum for cholesterol esterification. ABCA2 over-expression induces a phenotype similar to cholesterol depletion in cells that sequester unesterified cholesterol into endo-lysosomal compartments to prevent cholesterol trafficking back to the plasma membrane , due to an imbalanced ceramide/sphingosine ratio within the intraluminal membrane lipid bilayer. It has been reported that in neuronal Schwann cell lines expressing a high level of ABCA2, ceramide metabolite levels were reduced, whereas sphingosine levels were increased . ABCA2 might, therefore, modulate the ceramide/sphingosine ratio by altering lipid metabolism together with esterification of plasma membrane-derived cholesterol .
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
316,111 |
Beyond the perceived utility of the research results and the implementation of changes by some people, respondents reported a lack of action at the unit and senior authority levels. They pointed to the perceived lack of interest around the issue of road crashes among senior policymakers. One unit head had been made more aware and was brought to see that they had to be reached, they had to really feel the reality of what was happening. Another felt powerless and believed he was too far removed from the decision-making authorities to really be able to instigate change. Some respondents felt that, if another deliberative workshop were to be held, efforts should be made to engage policymakers more.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
361,911 |
As for OCD patients, we attempted to determine a similar heterogeneity in the Sapap3 KO mice (n = 26). Indeed, some innovative studies have found evidence for inter-individual variability of cognitive traits in animal models34,35, even in Sapap3 KO mice23, pointing out the necessity to consider this variability in animal studies. Thus, we performed a two-step cluster analysis which identified two clusters within the Sapap3 KO mice (silhouette measure = 0.6, BIC2 clusters = 92.82; compared to BIC1 cluster = 96.13 and BIC3 clusters = 109.66). The resulting ∆BIC of −3.31 indicated a positive evidence in favor of this clustering. The same procedure was applied to WT controls (n = 26) without the detection of separate clusters. Among the different variables used to perform the analysis favouring the two-cluster solution, the SSC probability was identified as the most important variable, followed by the reversal error proportion, the number of trials needed to reach reversal criterion and the SSC perseverative errors (importance values = 1, 0.79, 0.42, and 0.19, respectively). Three distinct groups resulted from this clustering procedures: the WT mice (n = 26); the “unimpaired” Sapap3 KO mice (n = 14), defined as overlapping with WT; and the “impaired” Sapap3 KO mice (n = 12), defined as distant from the WT (Fig. 3c). We confirmed our clustering analysis by performing a stepwise discriminant analysis: overall, 71.2% of mice were correctly labeled with 83.3% of the “impaired” KO mice correctly classified (16.7% were classified as WT) and 50% for the “unimpaired” KO mice (50% classified as WT). These results were consistent with those of the two-step cluster analysis: the “unimpaired” Sapap3 KO mice cluster was closer to the WT mice cluster (Fig. 3c) with a moderate agreement between the two analyses (κ = 0.53, 95% CI: [0.32 0.73], p < .0005). The two Sapap3 KO subgroups, which resulted from the two-step cluster analysis and which were confirmed via a stepwise discriminant analysis, were similar in terms of weight and grooming level (Table 3), showed comparable locomotor activity and task engagement (Supplementary Fig. S1), and had no identified genealogical difference (Supplementary Fig. S2). Noteworthy, we conducted the same clustering procedure on the human data with comparable results than the ones observed in mice. Two clusters were found in OCD patients with an impaired subgroup of 7 patients, 6 of them being checkers; and only one cluster for healthy controls (see Supplementary Notes for details). These results validated the relevance of using the clinical dimension of “checking” symptoms as a subgroup splitting factor.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
326,685 |
In the present study, GWAS enabled to confirm QTLs significantly associated with frost tolerance such as WFD 3.2, WFD 5.1 and WFD 6.1. It also allowed to identify one region on LG II, which has not been detected yet and provided significant associations for two regions on LGI and LG VII that were formerly detected in only one environment. The results showed that GWAS is an effective strategy to identify markers precisely defining frost tolerance loci, which can be useful to breed for antagonistic traits as it is for the frost tolerance and Tri loci on LG V which are in linkage disequilibrium and in a repulsion phase. Our results also highlight that GWAS enables to find new sources of frost tolerance within collections of pea genetic resources. Finally, the present GWA study also brought to light the presence of CBF transcriptions factors as potential genetic determinants of the frost tolerance locus on LG VI, with one CBF-annotated marker being in high LD with significant FD-associated markers of the locus and six additional CBF/DREB-annotated genes mapped at the vicinity. As 12 tandemly duplicated CBF genes were already found to be relevant candidates underlying the orthologous frost tolerance QTL on Medicago truncatula chromosome 6, the hypothesis of a similar genomic organization in pea deserves to be tested.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
72,465 |
We also investigated the role of SiaBb2 in the adhesion of B. bifidum ATCC 15696 to the mucosal surface. Adhesion assays with Δsiabb2 and heterologous SiaBb2-expressing B. longum subsp. longum strains demonstrated that cell surface-associated SiaBb2 contributes to adhesion to mucins and mucus-secreting epithelial cells. Several proteinaceous adhesion factors have been identified in B. bifidum strains (11, 13–15); however, their functionality has been demonstrated only for Tad pili from B. breve UCC2003 (12). SiaBb1 and SiaBb2 peptides bound to PCM to similar degrees, while almost no adhesion was observed for the Δsiabb2 mutant, which was correlated with the phenotypes of sialidase activity and sialyloligosaccharide utilization. Thus, SiaBb2 is the main determinant of the sialidase-associated phenotype of B. bifidum ATCC 15696 (i.e., carbohydrate assimilation and bacterial adhesion).
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
16,138 |
We think that health-care reform can help increase end-stage organ disease access to treatment and tx activities in this region. Aside from Medicare and Medicaid that enacted since 1965, Americans have abided by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act that passed in 2010 (129). The last law mandates that persons over the age of 18 obtain health insurance, either through their employer or public insurance program in case they cannot afford insurance otherwise. Having a reliable funding for health care is mandated to improve access to renal replacement therapies.
| 2 | 2other
| 1Other
|
386,835 |
People with neuromuscular and other neurological disorders (NNMDs), including central nervous system disorders such as cerebral palsy (CP) or multiple sclerosis, generally have an unfavorable physical behavior profile characterized by a low level of physical activity, which, in turn, leads to functional deterioration (Slaman et al., 2015; Streber et al., 2016). Practicing adapted sports is considered a beneficial therapeutic approach for this population because it contributes to the development and maintenance of physical function (Shapiro and Malone, 2016). For any adapted sport regimen to be beneficial, it is important to select one that a patient can practice successfully. To this end, there are a number of important person-level characteristics to consider when choosing an adapted sport exercise suitable for people with NNMDs. These factors include degree of disability, economic resources, and motor skill level. In addition, performance of the selected exercise should include sport-specific movements that stimulate and improve conditional aspects that are important not only for sport, but also for daily functioning of the individual.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
327,632 |
Ordination/clustering analysis indicated that host plant and generation time affected the samples grouping, the latter being more a characteristic of the pepper field-population samples (Fig. S3A). The major ZOTUs that drove the separation of the different clusters belonged to the families Mycobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Moraxellaceae, Comamonadaceae, and Staphylococcaceae. Pepper samples from the second, third, and fourth generations showed a characteristic presence of Mycobacteriaceae and Staphylococcaceae. The first and second generations on watermelon and the first generation on pepper were defined by the presence of Comamonadaceae and Micrococcaceae (Fig. S3B). Next, we checked for the presence of statistically supported groups at a coarse level, using the majority rule strategy and three clustering algorithms. Two supported clusters were recovered (homogeneity of dispersion or betadisper p value > 0.1, permanova p value < 0.001, Fig. 3). One cluster was significantly enriched in samples from watermelon, while the other was significantly enriched in samples from pepper. Two exceptions were identified: samples from the first generation on pepper clustered within the watermelon group, and three samples from the watermelon population (W02, W33, and W34) clustered within the pepper group. At higher resolution, four clusters were identified (Fig. S4). While the watermelon samples maintained their clustering singularity, the pepper samples separated into three groups corresponding to generations second to fourth (betadisper p value > 0.2, permanova p value < 0.001, Fig. S4). When only the generation variable was tested, supported clustering was found in both the watermelon and pepper samples (betadisper p value > 0.5, permanova p value < 0.001).Fig. 3Partitioning around medoids (PAM) coarse level clustering showing the watermelon (cW) and the pepper (cP) enriched clusters of B. tabaci gut microbiomes.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
396,051 |
It is currently implausible to directly compare the effects of intense PA or exercise to antihypertensive drugs, since no current studies are available comparing the effects of BP lowering drugs vs. placebo and exercise. Previous meta - analysis (comprising 72 trials, 105 study groups, and 3936 participants) concerning the effects of chronic dynamic aerobic endurance training on BP (resting and ambulatory BP, BP-regulating mechanisms, and concomitant cardiovascular risk factors) highlighted that aerobic endurance training decreases blood pressure (reductions of resting BP (3.0/2.4 mm Hg, p<0.001) and daytime ambulatory BP (3.3/3.5 mm Hg, P<0.01) through a reduction of systemic vascular resistance (decrease by 7.1%, p<0.05). Mechanistically, the sympathetic nervous system (decrease of plasma norepinephrine by 29%, P<0.001), and the renin - angiotensin system (decrease of plasma renin activity by 20%, P<0.05), appear to be involved, and favourably affects concomitant cardiovascular risk factors . Data concerning lowering of BP after regular exercise are equivocal, with other studies suggesting even lower values of BP [88, 89].
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
236,986 |
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
243,493 |
The value of the local coefficient of friction μ was set equal to 0.1. It was seen that varying the value of μ in the range from 0 to 0.3 does not lead to a significant change in the fracture pattern and mechanical characteristics of the samples under unconfined uniaxial loading.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
328,042 |
Materials and methods A long cannula has been chosen, power-injectable and in soft polyurethane so that it could be placed both in superficial and deep veins and could be used for blood collection too.Evaluation of the problem has been detected.National and international guidelines have been consulted.Getting in touch with devices producers has been made, as well as choice of the device (power glide).Theoretical and practical training have been carried out by the Clinical Specialist of the producer (BARD).Tutorship with Clinical Specialist until autonomy has been followed.Purchase of Ultrasound for venipuncture guidance has been used.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
235,051 |
Nevertheless, the experimental tolerance data collected here are to be interpreted as physiological possibilities, not certainties. Most of the strains used have spent extensive time in storage, sometimes decades, within culture collections; it is possible that genomic changes have occurred, when compared to wild-type specimens . Furthermore, while cryopreservation of stock cultures is recommended to minimize changes, it may also lead to an artificial genotypic selection for cryosurvivability . A cause for optimism is that resistance to genetic changes may vary from alga to alga. Chlorella vulgaris strain 211-11b is the oldest isolated algal strain in the world, and no differences between it and its many isolates have been found . This is likely the case within the Stichococcus-like strains, since the Deuterostichococcus sister strains to J 1303, SAG 2139 (MT078164) and UTEX 1706 (DQ27546) have identical sequences apart from length.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
126,201 |
As in Finka et al (2014), 22 a range of social, environmental and cat-specific factors outside of cat group size were found to be significantly linked to the wellbeing outcomes of interest (see Tables 2 and 3), suggesting these complex, multifactorial relationships extend beyond free-living and rescue contexts and into the domestic home. However, differences in the variables collected across studies, as well as their direction of effects, made it difficult to form firm conclusions on specific risk factors for cat wellbeing in these contexts. Furthermore, the stability and generalisability of most findings to broader populations of cats and their owners is unclear, given the presence of sampling biases (eg, gender skew, participant and cat selection, sampling limited to specific geographic regions).
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
136,700 |
For sweet and salty subcategories as well as individual foods, there were no differences in intake between the two conditions, except for corn chips; more corn chips were consumed in the classroom than in the individual condition (4.6 ± 6.1 vs. 2.4 ± 2.8 kcal, p = 0.04). Intake of, and agreement between settings, was generally higher among sweet foods than salty items. T-tests and ICCs for sweet and salty subcategories and individual foods in the sample restricted by meal intake/fullness rating were similar to those in the full sample.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
23,159 |
Mercier wore “a light coloured coat and waistcoat, a pair of new buckskin breeches, a pair of boots, a new brown great coat and red collar, and he had very much the appearance of a gentleman.” An observer was suspicious because one horse was unshod, except for a partial shoe on one foot. The Frenchman claimed that he was buying horses for the French king and explained that he would have already returned home, except that “he had met with two hussies last night who kept him up all night.”298 The observer’s suspicions grew when Mercier could not describe the steep descent of the road from the town of Harrow.298 At the subsequent trial for thievery, the French surgeon claimed that a friend from Ireland had sold him the horse. The horse had only one functioning eye, but Mercier claimed he made the purchase “in hopes I could give him the sight of one eye; I tried but could not do it.” Mercier was sentenced to death.298 His jailers remembered that. . . he artfully contrived to cut a Kind of Channel round the lock of his Cell-door, in such a Manner that it might have been pushed out all together, and had filled it up with chewed Bread, and the Dust of the Floor, to prevent its being observed.302
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
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