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At low doses, ASA acts as an anticoagulation drug, which blocks the normal function of the cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and -2 enzymes (4). By blocking the function of the COX enzymes, ASA prevents the synthesis of the pro-inflammatory lipids thromboxane (5) and some prostaglandins (6) while inducing the synthesis of the anti-inflammatory 15-epi-lipoxin (7). Furthermore, ASA inhibits the activation of NF-κB thereby blocking transcription of pro-inflammatory mediators (8) resulting in decreased infiltration of immune cells into tissues (9).
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The historiographic analysis was conducted based on the downloaded data, and a chronological map was generated from the most pertinent citations (Figure 8). The first articles were mentioned by Hsieh (2004), Vera-Toscano et al. (2006), Hansen et al. (2008), and Shim et al. (2009).
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116,102 |
Let us consider a conventional internal field-compensated stimulated echo sequence, π2−τ−π−τ′−π2−td−π2−τ−π−τ′-echo, as shown in Figure 12a. Bipolar external field gradient pulses of length δ are applied during the te periods. The π-pulse in the middle of the first and second π2-pulses refocuses the phase evolution of the spins due to field inhomogeneities when τ = τ'. The echo signal of the ensemble of diffusing spins at the echo time is then given by Equation (6). (6)E(q→,Δ)=∫P(r→,Δ)eiq→⋅r→dr→
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In the interests of transparency, eLife includes the editorial decision letter and accompanying author responses. A lightly edited version of the letter sent to the authors after peer review is shown, indicating the most substantive concerns; minor comments are not usually included.
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On the other hand, M. bovis DNA was detected by qPCR over a longer period of time than CFU (cultural approach) in soil samples incubated at 22°C, whatever the soil type. As a previous study reported that DNA of dead M. bovis cells was no longer amplified 10 days after cell death , we firstly hypothesized that our qPCR assay detected living M. bovis up to 150 days after inoculation of soils. Viable M. bovis cells have already been detected in sterile and biotic soil over a 15 month period using a Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-PCR) assay targeting the 16S rRNA encoding gene . Physiological state of pathogenic mycobacteria such as M. bovis in soil is unknown but dormancy or a viable but non cultivable state (VBNC) have been suggested to explain their survival in environmental substrates [32, 33]. These hypotheses are supported by the presence of dormancy-related genes in M. bovis genome . However, a second hypothesis is that qPCR amplified nude DNA or DNA from M. bovis dead cells. These hypothesis could be tested by RNA detection with RT-qPCR or with photoreactive DNA-binding dye such as propidium monoazide (PMA). Further researches are thus needed to ascertain the long bacterial survival in soil and to understand the genetic mechanisms involved in soil persistence of M. bovis.
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Through alignments with the PHI-base database, we identified a total of 199 genes in H. frisingense AU14559 that may be involved in host–pathogen interactions; however, none of these genes were found exclusively in this strain. The genomes of VT-16–41, IAC152, BH-1, GSF30, and SG826 presented 195, 194, 197, 195, and 197 occurrences, respectively, against proteins in this database (Figure 5b).
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349,475 |
The unicellular eukaryotic Acanthamoeba spp. are ubiquitous free-living protists and can survive in various environments, such as water, soil and air. During its life cycle (Figure 1), Acanthamoeba can undergo a phenotypic transition, under stressful conditions, from being an active trophozoite to a dormant cyst and vice versa . The trophozoite is irregular in shape with pseudopods for locomotion and spike-like protrusions called acanthopodia . The latter mediate the adhesion of Acanthamoeba to biological and inert surfaces . The subcellular features of trophozoite include nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi complex, digestive vacuoles, and contractile vacuoles (for osmoregulation), which are enclosed by a thin plasma membrane . The cyst stage, besides being round shaped, is enclosed by a distinctive thick wall, which is made mainly of cellulose .
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149,318 |
While local recurrence rates are low with definitive management [11, 12], distant treatment failure remains a clinical challenge and affects up to 30–40% of patients with initially localized disease . Salvage therapies are often ineffective and survival following recurrence remains poor [13, 14]. Patients over the age of 18 years, those with a primary pelvic tumor, those with larger tumors, and those not treated with ifosfamide/etoposide have been identified as at particularly high risk for relapse [15, 16]; however many such retrospective series included patients who were treated prior to contemporary ES treatment paradigms.
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159,015 |
Pregnant women living in the remote interior of Suriname are known to experience relatively high exposures to mercury (Hg) and have a significantly higher rate of ABO, especially PTB and LBW . Mercury has been listed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the most toxic agents for public health concerns. Exposure to Hg has been associated with significant morbidity and mortality in exposed adults and children . Hg crosses the placenta and evidence suggests that the developing fetus is sensitive to its neurotoxic effects . Hg exposure in pregnancy has been associated with both pregnancy complications and neurodevelopmental delay in infants . In Suriname, Hg is widely used in the interior, primarily in artisanal small-scale gold mining activities . Hg is also used in gold mining in other Latin American and Caribbean countries such as Guyana, Peru, and Colombia . The hazardous form to human health is methylmercury (MeHg), which accumulates in fish. People living in the interior highly depend on locally caught fish for their main protein source . Recognizing the adverse effects of Hg exposure to health and environment, Suriname committed to the Minamata Convention on Hg in March 2018 .
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Although high-throughput screening can be recommended, targeted panel testing, prioritization and gene selection based on clinical data are also possible (Boehm et al. 2015; Topaloğlu 2018; Stamou and Georgopoulos 2018). The first step is to exclude the presence of genetic syndromes based on clinical findings. When a clinical geneticist based on the whole clinical presentation indicates a specific syndrome (e.g. CHARGE sy., Bardet-Biedl sy., Gordon-Holmes sy., see details in Table 1) targeted gene testing is recommended. When complex syndromes can be excluded additional associated signs and symptoms can increase the probability of finding casual mutations (Boehm et al. 2015). For instance, besides anosmia/hyposmia, bimanual synkinesia or renal agenesis can associate with ANOS1 mutation (Fig. 1). Cleft palate/lip, dental agenesis and digital bone anomalies were frequently associated with CHH caused by mutations in genes of FGF8 signaling (FGFR1, FGF8, HS6ST1) (Costa-Barbosa et al. 2013; Boehm et al. 2015). Hearing impairment commonly appeared with CHH in CHD7, SOX10 or IL17RD mutation carriers (Costa-Barbosa et al. 2013; Boehm et al. 2015). Additionally, early onset of morbid obesity with CHH could suggest variants in LEP, LEPR or PCSK1 genes (Jackson et al. 1997; Farooqi and O’Rahilly 2008). If CHH is associated with severe adrenal insufficiency congenital adrenal hypoplasia caused by NR0B1 (DAX1) is likely.Fig. 1Genetic testing strategies in CHH (based on Boehm et al. 2015; Stamou and Georgopoulos 2018; Topaloğlu 2018)
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Let K satisfy (1), \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$\rho>2$\end{document}ρ>2, and let \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$T=\{T_{\epsilon}\} _{\epsilon>0}$\end{document}T={Tϵ}ϵ>0 and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$T_{b}=\{T_{\epsilon,b}\}_{\epsilon>0}$\end{document}Tb={Tϵ,b}ϵ>0 be given by (2) and (3), respectively. Suppose that \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$K\in H_{r,1}$\end{document}K∈Hr,1,\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$V_{\rho}(T)$\end{document}Vρ(T) and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$\mathcal{O}(T) $\end{document}O(T) are bounded on \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$L^{p_{0}}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$\end{document}Lp0(Rn) for some \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$p_{0}>1$\end{document}p0>1, and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$b\in BMO(\mathbb{R}^{n})$\end{document}b∈BMO(Rn), then \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$V_{\rho}(T_{b})$\end{document}Vρ(Tb) and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$\mathcal{O}(T_{b}) $\end{document}O(Tb) are bounded on \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$L^{p}(\mathbb{R}^{n},\omega)$\end{document}Lp(Rn,ω) for any \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$\max\{r',p_{0}\} < p<\infty, \omega\in A_{p/\max\{r',p_{0}\}}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$\end{document}max{r′,p0}<p<∞,ω∈Ap/max{r′,p0}(Rn).
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Using our Web service , we found seven candidate SNP markers rs63750953, rs281864525, rs117785782, rs34166473, rs745580140, rs562962093, and rs572527200, which can alter expression of the human genes containing them, as is the case for the above SNP markers, which can affect the human reproductive potential [185, 186] (Table 5). In addition, using our primary keyword search, we identified three more candidate SNP markers: rs567653539 (reduced risks of recurrent vulvovaginal infections ), rs572527200 (high risk of ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome ), rs564528021, and rs752364393 (high risk of pre-eclampsia ). Finally, we performed our secondary keyword search, which yielded 22 reviews [162, 190–210], the most important of which (in our opinion) mentions pre-eclampsia as a leading cause of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity worldwide , as readers can see in Additional file 3: Table S1.
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To examine the second prediction we tested if CaMKII blockers also exhibited a clustered effect on the single channel conductance. We also tested if the reduction in the single channel current both overlapped with and was similar to the reduction in the average amplitude. We found that the effect of both CaMKII blockers (KN93 and tatCN21) on the single channel conductance was not homogenous over all cells in the trained group (mean silhouette values: KN93 0.8; tatCN21: 0.73), where some cells exhibited the same effect as the control groups while others exhibited a major effect (Fig 1B and 1F). Cells that exhibited a large decrease in the average amplitude exhibited a large decrease in the GABAA single channel current (KN93: 167±15%, tatCN21: 152±4%) which was similar to the effect on the average event amplitude. These results led us to conclude that the effect of the CaMKII blocker on the average event amplitude was mediated by its effect on single channel conductance in only a subset of cells.
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190,921 |
The continuous and dynamic regulation of m6A has been shown to play a vital role in the physiological and pathological processes of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) (20). However, few studies have reported the connection between m6A and AD so far (21). In this work, deeper data mining on AD was performed with bioinformatics tools, with GSE52093 and GSE153434 being used as the training set and test set, respectively. To ensure data reliability, a preliminary experiment was conducted in this study, and all samples from GSE52093 were selected for pre-analysis. In the formal research, ten samples with well-expression of DEGs found in pre-experiment were chosen to ensure the accurate analysis results. Meanwhile, a total of 279 differentially expressed m6A-related genes were screened, including 94 up-regulated and 185 down-regulated genes in AD. Then, the functions and pathways enriched by these genes were explored. In GO analysis, these genes were enriched into 12 GO terms, such as extracellular matrix organization, cytoplasm and protein binding. Upon KEGG pathway enrichment, the genes were mainly enriched into 2 pathways, namely vascular smooth muscle contraction and cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. By using the PPI network, 7 hub genes, namely, DDX17, CTGF, FLNA, SPP1, MYH11, ITGA5 and CACNA1C, were filtered. With regard to immune infiltration analysis, the level of B cells naive in AD samples was significantly reduced, while those of NK cells resting, Monocytes and Macrophages M0 increased in AD samples. Finally, the correlations between immune cells and between hub genes and immune cells were analyzed.
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341,967 |
Collagen types I, III and IV are freshly produced during idiopathic ERM formation. They promote the fibrotic process and contribute to the formation of hard collagen scaffold, where the myofibroblast precursor cells, when anchored there, become more susceptible to fibrogenic factors . Collagen types III and IV, FN, and laminin are present in both early and late idiopathic ERMs (Table 4).
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208,697 |
Recent studies document the critical role of monocytes and macrophages in SARS-CoV-2 infection (Desai et al, 2020; Ferreira et al, 2021). To check whether RNH1 affects the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate in macrophages, we infected WT and RNH1-KO macrophages differentiated from THP1 monocytes with SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviral particles (Hoffmann et al, 2020; Nie et al, 2020). These pseudoviral particles express SARS-CoV-2 spike protein together with eGFP as a reporter. Interestingly, we found increased eGFP+ cells in RNH1-KO cells compared with WT cells (Fig 6D). At a MOI of 0.25, we observed 1% of RNH1-KO cells were positive for eGFP. This increased to 2.5% at a MOI of 1; however, we did not find any eGFP+ cells in the WT at 0.25 MOI and very few (<0.5%) at 1 MOI. These results suggest that RNH1-KO cells are more susceptible to infection (Fig 6D). Collectively, our findings suggest that decreased expression of RNH1 associated with severity and increased inflammation in COVID-19 patients, and possibly increases the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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85,775 |
Thank you for these comments. The link between Haeckel’s ideas and the construction of networks using k-mers was not made strong in the current version of the manuscript. The work we present here is a proof-of-concept for a biologically informative network based on k-mers extracted from whole-genome sequences. We hope to convince readers that dynamic visualization of such a network is intuitive for exploring and addressing biological questions, aiding discovery. The paper is part of a special collection of F1000Research articles in phylogenetics, commemorating the 150th anniversary of Ernst Haeckel’s Tree of Life published in 1866. Here we argue that by using k-mers we can recapitulate phylogenetic signal, somewhat in the same spirit as Haeckel famously argued that “ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny”. More precisely, our claim is that “increasing the threshold based on the proportion of shared k-mers recapitulates the progressive separation of genomic lineages in evolution”. Full consideration of Haeckel’s work in the context of Darwinian evolution then and today is well beyond the scope of our brief paper, although we cite some key references. The authors … stated that the sequence alignment approach “ignores important evolutionary processes that are known to shape the genomes of microbes” followed by mentioning recombination, genome rearrangement, and lateral gene transfer. This is not accurate, as sequence alignments can also be used to reconstruct web-like phylogenetic relationships, which are sometimes called phylogenetic networks (e.g., Huson and Bryant 2006). I think it is important to carefully define and compare the networks mentioned in this manuscript and the phylogenetic networks mentioned by Huson and Bryant. Along this line, approaches based on sequence alignments might not all assume tree-like relationship. We agree and have now rewritten part of the Abstract to stage our argument more clearly: genomic processes in microbes can undermine the assumptions that underlie multiple sequence alignment, hence phylogenetic inference as usually practiced. We have now cited other articles on phylogenetic networks in the text where appropriate, specifically Huson and Bryant 1 and Kunin et al. 2. Comprehensive comparison of k-mer-based and (alignment-based) phylogenetic networks is important but, due to its complexity, beyond the scope of this paper; we have now clarified this in the revised text. The authors mentioned evolutionary events, such as recombination, genome rearrangement, and lateral gene transfer … but did not provide detailed evidence on whether k-mers can tackle them all. I suggest the authors to rather stay closer to their data and make more specific statements. In Chan et al. 3 and Bernard et al. 4 we provided detailed evidence that alignment-free approaches based on k-mers, at multi-genome scale, can be robust to insertions/deletions, genome rearrangement and lateral genetic transfer; these articles are cited where appropriate. In the third introduction paragraph, “By default, it is assumed that the best alignment can be achieved simply by displaying the sequences in the same direction and inserting gaps where needed. This assumption is largely valid when working with exons or proteins of morphologically complex eukaryotes. However, in microbes this assumption is violated...” I feel the meaning of “assumption” in each of these sentences is a moving target. If they are talking about orthologous sequences, the analysis of orthologs should hold for both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. We have now revised the text to make it clear that the main assumption underlying multiple sequence alignment, i.e. that the alignment columns display homology position-by-position along the length of the sequences, is largely valid when working with highly conserved orthologs of any source; and that the validity of this assumption is often undermined in the case of microbial genome sequences, due to recombination and rearrangement. Another minor point is the use of “microbes”, which can mean, bacteria, archaea, and small-eukaryotes. I don’t think it is a good word to use here. We used the word “microbes” here specifically to include archaea, bacteria and microbial eukaryotes. Genomes of many microbial eukaryotes are known to be impacted by lateral genetic transfer, at frequencies sometimes nearly as large as in bacteria and archaea. The authors did not justify the use of the 143 genomes. … Since taxon-sampling is important for tree-like phylogenetic analysis, it would be nice to address how the improved (or more balanced) taxon-sampling can benefit the network analyses. Here we used the 143-genome dataset because the phylogenetic relationships among these genomes have been studied using careful alignment-based methods 5 and by alignment-free approaches 4; it thus provides a good reference for comparison. We have now clarified this in the text. In our alignment-free network, each edge represents the qualitative evidence of k-mers shared pairwise between two genomes. This evidence is not affected by other genomes present in (or absent from) the dataset. Therefore, our networks are not affected by taxon-sampling biases of the sort encountered in tree inference. Of course, the presence or absence of a critical node (genome) might affect the biological conclusion we draw from a network, but the same is true for any scientific analysis. We considered the effect of phyletic balance on the inference of lateral genetic transfer networks in another context 6. The authors wrote “... in agreement with previously published studies; as such, this tree represents reality as presently understood, i.e., is biologically correct”. The use of words such as reality, biologically correct here, is inappropriate. We agree and now state that “as such, this tree captures most of the major biological groupings of Bacteria and Archaea as presently understood”. The data of Wigglesworthia, Coxiella and others are of potential interest. The readers would definitely appreciate some real data analyses to address them, which are currently lacking. A follow-up analysis between Wigglesworthia and Coxiella would indeed be interesting, but is beyond the scope of this Research Note, the aim of which is to present limited findings in hopes of inspiring and encouraging others to explore this research area. Some of the older and more influential papers need to be added (for both networks and alignment free). We have now cited older, relevant references in the text for both networks 1, 2 and alignment-free methods 7.
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The phylogenetic analysis placed the bacterial phylotypes recovered from R. alisae within a clade of α-Proteobacteria that contains Labrenzia, Maritalea, and Bradyrhizobium. Phylotypes of symbiotic Labrenzia (transferred from Stappia) belong to a single cluster with the other species and strains of this genus. The closest relative of the nudibranch’s symbiont Labrenzia is L. alba isolated from oyster and described as straight rods, motile by a subpolar flagellum, and chemoorganotrophic aerobe29. One of the three α-Proteobacterial symbionts was clustered with Maritalea porphyrae (transferred from Zhangella), isolated from the red alga Porphyra yezoensis30. Another member of α-Proteobacteria symbionts was clustered with B. pachyrhizi and B. elkanii, which were isolated from nodules of legume plants. Among the dominant β-Proteobacterial symbionts, one fell into the genus Burkholderia and another into Achromobacter. The dominant γ-Proteobacteria symbiont was phylogenetically located within the genus Stenotrophomonas, whose species are found ubiquitously worldwide, particularly in close association with plants. The cyanobacterial 16S rRNA sequences from the nudibranch were grouped with a clade of sequences of marine Synechococcus spp. isolated from the water column. A sequencing analysis and BLAST searches retrieved close relation between nudibranch symbionts and actinobacteria Arthrobacter, Iamia, Ilumatobacter, and Kocuria.
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65,638 |
Directly acting antiviral treatment resulted in a decrease in CXCL-10 in all nonresponders but an increase in CXCL-10 levels in responders, with the fastest virological responders showing the greatest increase. Our findings that elevated CXCL-10 at baseline is associated with nonresponse, but upregulation of CXCL-10 on treatment is associated with response is directly analogous to the well reported mechanism of ISG expression as a predictor of response to pegylated IFN . That IFN signaling still plays a role even in IFN-free treatment fits with hepatic gene expression data from Meissner et al , who showed that hepatic IFN-α expression increased during successful IFN-free treatment for HCV. At the end of 12 weeks of treatment, a cross-sectional comparison between responders and nonresponders showed that hepatic ISG expression was higher in responders . These authors suggest an ongoing role for IFN signaling even during DAA therapy for HCV.
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166,926 |
Moreover, phosphorylation of AKT (p-AKT) and STAT3 (p-STAT3) which are classical proliferative signaling-related molecules, have been reported to significantly decrease during diabetic corneal wound healing (Li et al., 2020a; Li et al., 2020b; Wang et al., 2020b). Thus, we investigated whether inhibiting miR-223-5p could influence the expression of p-AKT and p-STAT3. Immunofluorescence and western blotting demonstrated that depletion of miR-223-5p promoted the recovery of p-AKT and p-STAT3 in diabetic wounded corneas, suggesting that cell proliferation is also a mechanism mediated by miR-223-5p in DK (Figure 8).
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373,631 |
Further tests were performed with distorted voltage signals, with 25 harmonics, choosing the harmonic amplitudes equal to the limit values for electrical networks reported in CEI EN 50160 and shown in Table 7. The voltage of the fundamental harmonic generated by the calibrator was V1 = 230 V and the RMS voltage was V = 231.47 V. The tests were carried out for different frequency values.
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82,920 |
A web-based LSI program has many advantages. Standardized education contents, using slides, video images, manuals, and instructions, can be included without limit. Such a program reduces the social and health costs for training professional personnel in the field of dietetics and physical activity. It is possible to operate a high-quality intervention program independent of variance in coordinator quality. The number of subject visits can be reduced by use of a communicable web site. The education materials can be updated frequently. All of these strengths contribute to reducing health costs. Therefore, if the structured intervention program is provided using manuals or a web-based system, DPP can be implemented in the community with a low cost and standardized system.
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381,849 |
Cd triggered a significant increase in POD activity in shoots, but no significant differences were detected among the different Cd treatment levels (Fig. 7b). SaMR12 inoculation significantly improved POD activity at 10 and 20 μM Cd treatments by 6.8 and 12%, respectively. POD activity in roots was higher than that in shoots under all treatments. Cd application induced a fluctuation in root POD activity, and SaMR12 inoculation significantly enhanced POD activity by 13, 8.7, 25 and 16%, respectively (Fig. 7b).
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One of the M. bovoculi isolates was cultured from the eye swab from one reindeer with mild signs of IKC in Ifjordfjellet (Finmmark County, Norway) (Fig. 1). All other Moraxella spp. isolates were obtained from two herds with active IKC outbreaks. However, no significant differences were found between the presence of Moraxella spp. in reindeer with IKC and reindeer without IKC (p = 0.148).
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107,381 |
The models including both males and females (Ncontrol = 69, N3 ng = 68, N10 ng = 79) reveal significant interactions between sex and treatment in number of entries into white half (Chisq = 46.2, p < 0.001) and total time spent in white half (Chisq = 9.28, p = 0.0097; Table 3). Latency was not significantly affected by treatment but it was very close (Chisq = 5.75, p = 0.057) however there was a significant difference between males and females (Chisq = 21.3, p < 0.001; Table 3).
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6,384 |
SRSF1 binds to the identified cis-element and facilitates selection of the intron-proximal 5′ SS of DOK7 intron 4. (a) RNA probes carrying wild-type (Wt), mutant (Mut-5), and partially deleted (ΔMut-5) sequences. (b) Coomassie blue staining of RNA affinity-purified products using HeLa nuclear extract with the indicated biotinylated RNA probes. A single protein band at ~30 kDa (black arrow) is associated with Wt probe, but not with Mut-5 or ΔMut-5 probe. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the identity of this protein is SRSF1. The other bands commonly observed in the Wt, Mut-5 and ΔMut-5 RNA probes are repeatedly identified in our RNA affinity purification analyses43, 45, 55. Mass spectrometry analysis of these bands revealed that none of the identified proteins carry an RNA-recognition motif, suggesting that these bands are likely due to non-specific binding of proteins to the streptavidin-sepharose beads. NuEx, HeLa nuclear extract. (c) Immunoblotting of RNA affinity-purified proteins in panel (b) with anti-SRSF1 antibody. (d) Upper panels show RT-PCR of DOK7 minigene (DOK7 MG) encoded by pcDNA-human-DOK7 and endogenous DOK7 transcripts in HeLa cells treated with two different siRNAs against SRSF1 (siSRSF1-1 and siSRSF1-2). Lower panels show immunoblotting with indicated antibodies after SRSF1-knockdown with two different siRNAs in HeLa cells. (e) Schematic of pcDNA-human-DOK7-MS2 minigene. Block-12 sequence is substituted with the MS2 coat protein-binding hairpin RNA sequence. (f) Immunoblotting with anti-His antibody to show overexpression of His-tagged transgene products in HeLa cells: SRSF1, SRSF1 fused with MS2 coat protein (SRSF1-MS2), and hnRNP H fused with MS2 coat protein (hnRNP H-MS2). (g) RT-PCR of DOK7 minigene (DOK7 MG) and DOK7-MS2 minigene (DOK7-MS2 MG) encoded by pcDNA-human-DOK7 and pcDNA-human-DOK7-MS2, respectively, in HeLa cells co-transfected with the indicated effectors. Int-pro 5′ SS and Int-dis 5′ SS point to transcripts generated by selection of the intron-proximal and intron-distal 5′ SSs, respectively.
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(A, B) qRT-PCR analysis of miR-543 expression in human CRC tissues and matched normal colon tissues from 45 patients with CRC. Data were expressed as log2 fold change (relative miR-543 expression in tumor sample/relative miR-543 expression in matched normal colon tissue) to show the relative expression in every paired samples (A) and the relative expression difference between all normal colon samples and tumor samples (B). (C) Correlation between miR-543 expression and the distant metastasis status of CRC. (D) qRT-PCR analysis of miR-543 expression in CRC cell lines with different metastatic potentials. (E, F) Representative pictures of colon tissues (top) and qRT-PCR analysis of mmu-miR-543 expression (bottom) in wild-type (WT) and ApcMin mice (n = 11) (E), and in control and AOM/DSS-treated mice (n = 10) (F) *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
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All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
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374,135 |
This paper develops a model and program for stock prices prediction using data from Yahoo finance. Efficient and accurate prediction systems for stock prices help traders, investors, and analyst by providing supportive information like the future direction of the stock market. We found that for LSTM, it should use short term historical data for the best accuracy. Historical data using 1 year is the best compared with 3 years and 5 years data. Deep learning technology is expanding the options available to data scientists to solve interesting problems with high accuracy. LSTM also superior in short term data until 94.59% as shown in Table 1. Data science approach proved to be used easily for decision maker and companies to get better view of stock prices or their financial health condition. For future work, we will improve our method using recent deep learning methods. At the end of 2020, amid the COVID-19 Pandemic, the number of Indonesia Capital Market investors continues to increase rapidly. The number of Indonesia Capital Market investors, according to data recorded in KSEI as of December 29, 2020, increased by more than 50% to 3,871,248 from the previous 2,484,354 at the end of 2019. So, we have to optimize to solve the pandemic with empowering the business at all sectors.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
341,648 |
Indonesian’s Global Hunger Index (GHI) is 20.1, which indicates that Indonesian children are considered “seriously” affected by starvation. GHI values are determined for four indicators: undernourishment (insufficient caloric intake), wasting among children under 5 years of age/low WHZ (weight-for-length) (acute undernutrition), stunting among children under 5 years of age/low HAZ (chronic undernutrition) and mortality rate of children under 5 years of age (results from undernutrition and unhealthy environment) (14). As Indonesian children, regardless of their nutritional state, are generally shorter and lighter than prescribed by WHOCGS, they will always be categorized as chronically undernourished as long as these growth charts are used.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
14,490 |
The cause of our patient’s hematometra is unclear given her apparent lack of cervical stenosis, anatomic anomalies, or obstructions. In addition, our patient lacked the known risk factors for chronic endometritis including previous sexually transmitted infections, intrauterine growths, or radiation therapy . This suggests the chronic endometritis noted was most likely caused by the hematometra and not by the cause of her uterine obstruction.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 3Clinical case
|
373,605 |
The metrology section includes a three-channel analog front end (AFE) with 24-bit sigma-delta converters and a dedicated digital signal processor (DSP). Available memories are: 640 kB or 1 MB of embedded Flash; 128 kB of embedded SRAM (static RAM); 8 kB of embedded shared RAM. EVLKSTCOMET10-1 metrological specifications are summarized in Table 1.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
128,424 |
There are several limitations in this study. First, this was a retrospective study performed at a single medical center, suggesting an inherent risk of selection bias. Further external validation of our results in a large pooled population is warranted. Second, although previous studies also used a 1 cm distance to the tumor margin for defining peritumoral AT, the proper measurement of imaging features of peritumoral AT is yet to be established , which could limit its clinical application. Further study that compares the use of various distances in defining peritumoral breast AT would be helpful. Finally, because of the retrospective nature of the study, histopathological analysis of peritumoral breast AT was not performed to identify the precise mechanisms involved.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
300,887 |
LDGs, known as the key drivers of inflammation in various autoimmune diseases, cancer, and sepsis, are separated by density from normal density granulocytes . LDGs with pro-inflammatory features were also found to be increased in active SJIA and AOSD. Increased IL-6 producing LDGs contributes to the pathophysiology of AOSD, and activation of neutrophils due to elevated transcription of genes encoding LDGs with pro-inflammatory features has potential implications for the mechanism of SJIA . Additionally, evidence of functional and gene expression of neutrophil alterations has been reported in SJIA patients, and persistent proinflammatory activation in neutrophils has been shown not only in active disease but also in long-standing clinically inactive disease in SJIA .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
34,188 |
Based on findings that the phage cocktail containing PBAB08 and PBAB25 is effective and safe for treating infections by MDR A. baumannii in vivo, phage therapy would be a viable alternative for antibiotics, especially in cases where antibiotics are not treatment options any more.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
301,582 |
The preference for integration within the tip might also qualitatively explain the entropic selection mechanism for the separation between successive integration events (figure 4). Indeed, immediately following an integration event, the region of the braid where this has occurred has extra uncompensated contour length in one of the DNAs, which does not feel the tension from the stretching force before the braid reorganizes locally. Because stretching suppresses writhing, the transient absence of stretching will favour local writhing and this writhe excess might, in turn, attract retroviral DNA during the timescale of writhe relaxation, hence causing the observed cooperativity between successive integration events (see electronic supplementary material, movie S1). The role that the local bending energy profile has in the integration process can also account for the statistics of single and multiple integration events reported in figure 3. For instance, the monotonic increase in successful integrations versus attempts, Nint/Nattem, with Ca can be explained by noting that increasing the catenation number leads to a linear increase in the average amount of writhe in the braid, given the decomposition Ca = Tw + Wr . In turn, as the increased writhe translates into an increase in local DNA bending energy (see electronic supplementary material, figure S3), it also leads to an increase in the integration probability and to a decrease in integration time (as seen in figure 3b,c).
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
299,270 |
E. crusgali and B. tripartita were dried to constant weight and put into litter bags (8 cm × 8 cm, diameter 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm) containing 3.0 g per sample bag. The experimental container was a box (with an open top) of 66 cm × 45 cm × 35 cm in dimensions. The experimental soil was mixed and placed in the box until the soil thickness reached 15 cm. The litter bags were placed on the soil’s surface and buried at depths of 0 cm, 5 cm, and 10 cm based on the sediment deposition characteristics of the water fluctuation zone in the TGDR. The experiment is designed as follows: 2 species (E. crusgali and B. tripartita) × 3 sampling times (30, 90, 180 d) × 3 repeats, a total of 18 boxes, each including three burial depths (0, 5, 10 cm). The sampling time was designed according to the actual flooding time of annual herbaceous plants. A total of 60 litter bags (30 for each species) were prepared, and the initial values of soil and plant samples were measured at the beginning of the experiment. After the experiment began, all the boxes were kept on the soil surface with 20 cm of water.
| 4 | 2other
| 0Study
|
390,451 |
One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test was used to test for statistical significance of differences between the different group parameters. P values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
26,372 |
A unique feature of OsPCS2, the secondary rice PCS according to our data, is the lack of the C-terminal domain due to an early stop codon in exon 3 of the OsPCS2 gene (Figs. 1A, 2A; Supplementary Fig. S2). The genomic sequence around exon 3 is conserved in the indica cultivar Guangluai4 and the japonica cultivar Koshihikari according to the public short read assembly data (RAP-DB). However, recent studies reported longer OsPCS2 transcripts from cultivars IR64 (Das et al. 2017) and Koshihikari (Hayashi et al. 2017). We therefore examined public RNA-seq data obtained from normally grown NB seedlings (Secco et al. 2013) available in the RAP-DB. We found an indication of an alternative splicing site just before the early stop codon of exon 3 which could result in longer ORFs (Supplementary Fig. S10). Our shorter OsPCS2 variant seems rather abundant in roots, whereas the longer transcript appears dominant in shoots. Another noteworthy feature of OsPCS2 is the expression level close to that of the most abundant OsPCS transcript OsPCS1full (Fig. 1C). In Arabidopsis, AtPCS2 is far less expressed in seedlings compared with AtPCS1 (Cazale and Clemens 2001). With regard to the PCS activity, OsPCS2 is the only clone besides OsPCS1full that showed PCS activity in response to Cd treatment in S. pombe and cad1-3 (Figs. 2E, 3E). No activity of the predicted short form of OsPCS2 was detected in our experiments upon As(III) exposure (Figs. 2D, 3D). In contrast, PCS activity in response to As was reported for the longer OsPCS2 version not covered in our analyses (Hayashi et al. 2017). It has been suggested that different regions of the AtPCS1 C-terminal domain are required for metal-specific activation of PC synthesis (Ruotolo et al. 2004, Kühnlenz et al. 2016). The different responses of the two OsPCS2 variants are another example indicating the importance of the PCS C-terminal domain for determining metal-specific activation.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
56,215 |
In general, the clinical signs and histological analysis were in accordance with the results of real-time PCR. The peak of virus replication was recorded until 5 DPI. Thereafter, the signs of disease began to appear and histological changes were occurred gradually. Severe infection was detected during 5 to 14 DPI. Moreover, from 21 DPI, the rising anti-IBV antibody levels reduced the disease severity.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
213,815 |
To validate the transcriptomics results, the relative expression of four genes [ADM (Adrenomedullin), PLCG2 (Phospholipase C gamma 2), PRLR (Prolactin receptor) and PTGDS (Prostaglandin D2 synthase)] to GAPDH were determined in GC and PC group by qPCR on the basis of their known or potential influence on the hen uterus functions during cuticle deposition. The four genes were all up-regulated in PC group relative to GC group (Table 1). The qPCR results showed a highly similar expression pattern compared with the RNA-Seq analysis for the genes being validated though there was slight difference in the magnitude of changes in gene expression analyzed by RNA-Seq and qPCR (Fig. 2, Supplementary Table S3). The qPCR results suggested that the RNA-Seq data obtained in the present study provided a good reference for the study of gene expression differences in the uterus of GC and PC group during cuticle deposition.Figure 2Validation of the DEGs of GC versus PC hen uterus during cuticle deposition from the transcriptomic analysis. The qPCR was performed to quantify the relative gene expression level based on the 2−ΔΔCT method. For gene expression data normalization, GAPDH was used as a reference gene. Fold changes between the GC (good cuticle) and PC (poor cuticle) group were calculated for the genes ADM, PLCG2, PRLR and PTGDS. The Y axis shows the fold changes.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
253,124 |
Our key findings show that exposure to ELS moderates the relationship between wellbeing and changes in grey matter volume in middle frontal gyri, temporal regions, cingulate cortex, inferior and superior parietal lobules, somatosensory regions, precuneus, and the insula in a relatively large cohort of healthy twins. In addition, in individuals with exposure to ELS, cognitive reappraisal abilities (an antecedent-focused emotion regulation strategy) mediated the relationship between wellbeing and grey matter volume in temporo-parietal regions, precuneus, inferior and middle frontal gyri, inferior and superior temporal gyri, and superior parietal lobule. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report potential multivariate anatomical patterns directly linked to levels of wellbeing in a sample of healthy participants, and further show evidence for a mediating role of emotion regulation on the brain-wellbeing relationship.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
66,476 |
At baseline and 12 weeks after surgery, blood samples were obtained from the tail artery under isoflurane anesthesia (1.5–2% volume supplemented with oxygen). Blood samples were centrifuged (2000 rpm, 10 min) and plasma was preserved (-20°C) until later analysis. Plasma samples were analyzed for creatinine, cystatin C and urea using an automated analyzer (Cobas 8000 ISE module and Cobas 8000 c702 and c502 module, Roche diagnostics, Germany) [20–22].
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
259,940 |
A major strength of the current study is the use of two population-based cohorts to assess the impact of lockdown on modification of UPF intake. Also, the study has collected data on a number of covariates which limit at least in part confounding and data were collected relatively quickly that is shortly after the end of the first Italian lockdown.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
352,779 |
Reviewer #1: As with my initial review, I've limited my focus to the conceptual approach, interpretation, and potential implementation of the work for disease surveillance. I find acceptable and agreeable the author's edits made in response to my suggestions, and furthermore agree with those made in response to the other reviewers as well.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
159,713 |
The role of NEWS2 in COVID-19 has not yet been thoroughly investigated, even though it is commonly used in clinical practice. According to the advice of Royal College of Physicians, NEWS2 should be utilized while monitoring COVID-19 patients, although, further evaluation should be made if there is any rise in oxygen requirements . Using NEWS2 will make sure that patients who are worsening or at risk of deterioration are recognized and examined as soon as possible by a qualified clinical decision maker. When evaluating a patient's status, NEWS2 should be used in conjunction with clinical judgment . Some patients who might develop increased oxygen requirements during their course in the hospital, may not have any additional significant increase in the NEWS2 score. However, this must trigger an escalation call to a competent clinician .
| 4 | 1clinical
| 1Other
|
356,286 |
The aim of this study was to examine potentially functional variants in four genes for association with LDL-cholesterol levels in black African populations. To increase the power to detect associations we selected participants at the extremes of the LDL-cholesterol distribution with high and low levels. LDL-cholesterol levels are influenced by many genetic variants at different loci and by environmental factors, and lipid levels have an estimated heritability ranging between 40 and 60% . GWAS studies of very large sample sizes have generally explained only 10–12% of the variability in LDL-cholesterol levels . Some of the missing heritability could be explained by gene-environment interactions and gene-gene interactions .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
96,951 |
At the post-test, a positive effect of the music program and the phonological skills program was revealed in phonological awareness of large phonological units. Both treatment groups improved significantly in phonological awareness of large phonological units, in contrast to the sports control group, which showed only a slight increase. In addition, the phonological skills group showed a significant increase in the total score of phonological awareness, which comprises large and small phonological units, compared to the sports control group. All three groups showed a similar development in phonological awareness of small phonological units, indicating an overall effect of maturation. Thus, this study provides evidence that the music program as well as the phonological skills program promote phonological awareness in preschoolers of immigrant families, particularly phonological awareness of large phonological units. More than half of the children reported speaking no German or only little German at home with their families. Accordingly, the rare opportunity to practice the second language in the home environment and the missing language model for the grammatical structure (Tracy, 2009) were possible reasons for the poor German language level that many children had. Also, phonological awareness scores at pre-test were mostly below average compared to normative data from the TPB (Fricke and Schäfer, 2011), and confirm the phonological deficits of children of immigrants (Triarchi-Herrmann, 2009). Despite language barriers and different ethnical backgrounds, the music training program conveyed extensive competencies. The participants were familiarized with more than 30 songs for children, they learned the names of different percussion instruments, and they learned how to play them. Additionally and unconsciously, the music training program increased their ability of phonological awareness in a second language. Thus, the current result is remarkable because such a heterogeneous group of preschoolers profited from a comprehensive music training program in a particular and important ability for schooling, namely phonological awareness.
| 4 | 2other
| 0Study
|
156,365 |
The reading task was a computer-presented variant of the reading scale of the Wechsler Objective Reading Dimensions also known as the WORD (Rust et al., 1993). This presented a total of 55 words one at a time, with these becoming progressively more challenging to pronounce correctly. The spelling task was a computer-presented variant of the Spelling Dimension of the same test. This presented the researcher with a total of 50 words plus examples of their uses in sentential contexts, which were read out for the participant to spell aloud. Both these tasks have been standardised with normally-developing individuals aged between 6 and 18 years, as well as individuals with reading and/or spelling issues (Rust et al., 1993). Thus, although the non-dyslexic participants might approach ceiling, these tests should still discriminate between dyslexic and non-dyslexic participants, and between the more and less proficient readers/spellers in the non-dyslexic group.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
209,545 |
Happiness is commonly understood as the affective evaluation of one’s life situation and relates to the dominance of positive affect over negative affect in one’s life (Diener, 1984). Happiness in this sense refers to episodic happiness–or feeling happy in the present moment (Abdel-Khalek, 2006). However, happiness is argued to be a vague construct and many scholars have therefore moved away from the concept or added dimensions to the concept while studying it (Forgeard et al., 2011). Life satisfaction is an example of such a dimension that is commonly added to instruments measuring happiness, especially in psychology. However, there are also arguments for keeping the two concepts separated from each other (Huta and Waterman, 2014). In this study happiness is related to the hedonic dimension of subjective well-being and in previous studies both single-item scales and multiple item-scales are used for measuring happiness (Abdel-Khalek, 2006). Here happiness is assessed by responding to a one-item question (“How happy or unhappy do you feel at the moment?”) with five answering options ranging from very happy to very unhappy. The question was dichotomized for the binary regression analyses.
| 4 | 2other
| 0Study
|
70,693 |
MM isolated and characterized strains, conducted growth, CO, and chemical assays, and contributed to manuscript development. GK conceived the study, conducted fieldwork and sample collections for isolate enrichments, contributed to experimental analyses, and wrote the manuscript.
| 1 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
23,539 |
Immunohistochemical investigations were performed using primary antibodies against DWV VP1 on an autostainer (Lab Vision AS 360) using the avidin-botin complex (ABC)-method. Briefly, 3 μm sections of fixed (4% formalin, 5% glycerin, 50% ethanol) and paraffin-embedded pupae were placed on coated slides and dried to enhance tissue adherence. The sections were deparaffinized in a descending alcohol series and rehydrated. Endogenous peroxidase activity was blocked by incubation in H2O2. The antigen-antibody-complex was detected using biotinylated anti-mouse IgG (Vector Laboratories, dilution 1:300), followed by incubation with streptavidin-peroxidase and visualization with diaminobenzidine (DAB; Labvision, Thermo Fisher Scientific). Subsequently, the sections were counterstained with haematoxylin, dehydrated and mounted.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
354,339 |
In terms of the dominant bacterial species, vaginal microbiota can be divided into five community state types (CSTs). The microbiome dominated by L. crispatus, L. gasseri, L. iners, and L. jensenii is separately classified as CST I, II, III, and V, respectively (Ravel et al., 2011; Nunn and Forney, 2016). Cases that are dominated by more than one Lactobacillus species are very rare in black women but common in Caucasian and Asian women (Zhou et al., 2010). The final community type (CST IV) is dominated by other anaerobic bacteria such as Gardnerella vaginalis, Prevotella, Atopobium, and Megasphaera instead of Lactobacillus (Ravel et al., 2011). CST IV can be further divided into CST IV-A and CST IV-B. CST IV-A does not have an obvious dominant bacterial genus and is composed of low proportions of Lactobacillus species and other anaerobic species such as Anaerococcus, Corynebacterium, Finegoldia, and Streptococcus, while CST IV-B is dominated by Atopobium and accompanied by species from Prevotella, Parvimonas, Sneathia, Gardnerella, Mobiluncus, or Peptoniphilus (Gajer et al., 2012). Many bacterial species present in CST IV are considered to be the pathogens of BV. Thus, the presence of CST IV may indicate a subclinical BV, and CST IV-B is more likely to develop into a clinical infection due to its low ratio of Lactobacillus colonization. Racial differences in vaginal microbiota have been reported. Fettweis et al. showed that white women were more likely to develop a Lactobacillus-dominant vaginal microbiota compared to black women (Fettweis et al., 2014). Zhou et al. showed that Japanese and Caucasian women were more likely to develop a vaginal microbiota dominated by multiple Lactobacillus species compared with black women (Zhou et al., 2010). As a result, black women are more likely to develop a vaginal microbiome with a lower proportion of Lactobacillus species.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
178,439 |
Sampling-based methods incorporate discrete sampling for task planning into the (usually non-discrete) sampling process used in many approaches to motion planning. Procedural attachment is exactly the opposite strategy: motion planning is attached to certain logical predicates that are processed by the algorithm of the task planner. A notable difference is that motion planning methods are directly used as sub-procedures in procedural attachment, while sampling-based methods do not use a task planner; they recast task planning as sampling. Therefore, procedural attachment and sampling-based methods are two extremes in a potential continuum of integrating task and motion planning along the aspect of ‘what is the leading formalism’ of the integration — the task level or the motion planning level.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
25,658 |
To date, studies on CAM use amongst breast cancer patients in Malaysia are more focused on the prevalence and its associated factors ; type and pattern ; purposes ; knowledge ; and quality of life . There is a scarcity of published reports on CAM use and its impact on cancer treatments. The relationship of CAM use and delays in breast cancer has not been studied extensively. Association of CAM use and delays has not been investigated.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
232,298 |
Complications at the access site can occur during the arterial access where puncture of the popliteal vein can result in an AV shunt or during hemostasis, at the end of the procedure, where failure of complete hemostasis can result in pseudoaneurysms or hematomas. To decrease the risk of complications related to the arterial puncture, all popliteal arterial access was done under ultrasound guidance. Both sonographic and fluoroscopic methods (roadmap technique after contrast medium injection) have been utilized successfully for popliteal artery puncture, with a recent predominance for puncturing the popliteal artery with the patient in the supine position [22, 23].
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
127,234 |
The 200-mg ODTs were prepared by direct compression with the addition of DPH or DPH-loaded optimized microparticles. The obtained ODTs were found to be off-white in color, round, and flat-faced. The DPH-ODTs had a smooth surface, but OM-ODTs had a rough surface due to the dispersion of optimized microparticles. Table 8 shows the physical properties of DPH-ODTs and OM-ODTs. The tablet thickness of DPH-ODTs was almost similar to that of OM-ODTs. The tablet hardness of DPH-ODTs was roughly 4 N lower than that of OM-ODTs.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
74,242 |
Integrated surveillance measures provide a comprehensive description of arbovirus activity in a given region. Early detection of the introduction of newly circulating viruses or viral variants is the goal of arbovirus surveillance, which frequently only relies on vector surveillance. In addition to case reports and disease incidence rates, detailed genetic analyses of detected viruses may offer in-depth insight into virus evolution and emergence. These data facilitate proactive public health measures to prevent or mitigate arbovirus outbreaks in a region.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
92,510 |
Figure 4 presents trajectories of predicted values from interactions between goal x reward x phase for steps per day. The goal x reward x phase interaction was significant (b = −329.52, 95% CI [−581.84, −77.19], p = .010), such that the model-estimated increase (not represented in figure) from baseline to intervention was greater for participants prescribed static goals with immediate rewards (3333-step/day increase from baseline to intervention phase) compared to those for those prescribed adaptive goals with delayed rewards and adaptive goals with immediate rewards (increases of 2105 and 2192 steps/day, respectively), which in turn were stronger increases than that for the static goals with delayed rewards group (increase of 1928 steps/day). There was insufficient power to test goal x reward x intervention day interactions on rate of change post-intervention by subgroup.Fig. 4Average change in steps/day by group type and reward type interactions (N = 96)
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
79,554 |
Consider an average mutation rate of the order 10−5 at a CNV locus29, the equal effective population sizes among the 11 populations, and 25 years per generation. From the average distance and its approximate variance V(t), the population isolation time is generally about t = 0.0124 × 5 × 104 × 25 ± 0.0067 × 5 × 104 × 25 = 15500 ± 8375 years among populations, t = 3625 ± 1250 years among African populations, about t = 10625 ± 6125 years among non-African populations, and about t = 21750 ± 5000 years among African and non-African populations.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
24,015 |
M. oleifera seeds are globular, about 1 cm in diameter. They are three-angled, with an average weight of about 0.3 g, 3-winged with wings produced at the base of the seed to the apex 2–2.5 cm long, 0.4–0.7 cm wide; the kernel is responsible for 70%–75% of the weight (Figure 1).
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
158,406 |
Our study examined the role of DNA damage responses and genome stability in response to reduced IIS. Key elements of the DNA damage response were strongly, and specifically, induced in the fat body of dilp2-3,5 flies. Furthermore, we found that this response required Wolbachia and therefore the proteins of the DNA damage response and genome stability machinery are good candidates for regulators of IIS mutant longevity.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
285,717 |
Only patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the final dataset. The inclusion criteria for patients were as follows: (i) availability of images with less or no noise phenomenon, (ii) absence of artificial images, and (iii) availability of accurately segmented and full-sequence images. Finally, we included 161 patients in our dataset, of whom 143 and 18 were included in the training and validation sets, respectively. Since two datasets came from two different cohorts, the validation data can be treated as external data to evaluate the performance of the model.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
102,414 |
Forward scatter height (FSC-H) versus Forward scatter area (FSC-A) plots were used to select singlets, and FSC-A versus dead cell marker plots identified viable cells. Side scatter area (SSC-A) versus FSC-A plots were used to discriminate lymphocytes from monocytes and residual granulocytes. The threshold for FSC was set to 5,000. For each sample, 500,000–1,000,000 cells were acquired. S1 Fig)
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
352,076 |
Tissue samples obtained under sterile conditions were transferred into petri dishes and washed five times with phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) containing 1% penicillin–streptomycin. The samples were then cut into pieces (~1 mm3) using ophthalmic scissors in a small amount of medium after scraping away epithelial cells and necrotic tissue. The tissue pieces were placed in a 25 cm2 cell culture flask and an appropriate amount of medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) was added. According to the growth of the cells, the medium was changed every 2 days and a cell layer had overgrown the edge of the tissue within ~10 days. The tissue pieces were then removed from the flask, washed twice with PBS, and digested with 0.25% trypsin for 2 min. Once round and partially detached, the cells were immediately added to a medium containing 10% FBS to terminate digestion, transferred to a new cell culture flask, and incubated at 37 °C for 30 min. After incubation, some cells had attached and the medium was changed. When the cells had reached 80–90% confluency, the same purification steps were carried out a further three times to obtain pure fibroblasts.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
189,289 |
The classical analog of the Spohn inequality (Equation (40)) allows us to express the laws of thermodynamics as: (53)Firstlaw:U˙=J+∑kμkN˙k−P, (54)Secondlaw:S˙(t)−∑kβkJk(t)≥0. The internal energy is given by (55)U=〈H〉p and the output power is defined as (56)P=−〈Lwork∗H〉p. The heat currents are (57)Jk(t)=〈Lk∗[H−μkN]〉p.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
393,707 |
This research study was conducted post mortem and no ethical approval by the Ethical Committee was therefore requested. At 183 days of age, 42 Padovana and 42 Polverara chickens of both sexes were randomly selected from the broiler unit at the Agricultural Professional High School ‘Duca degli Abruzzi’ (Padova, Italy) and slaughtered at a commercial abattoir . On the same day and in the same abattoir, the carcasses of 42, 35-day old, fast-growing commercial hybrid chickens (Hybrid) were randomly selected. After chilling (precooling at 5 °C for 60 min, followed by chilling at 0 °C for 90 min), carcasses were transported to the Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS) at the Padova University (Italy) and dissected. Breasts (Pectoralis major) and legs (thigh and drumstick) were excised, individually tagged, vacuum packed, and frozen at −40 °C. As a result, three experimental groups were obtained: Padovana (PAD), Polverara (POL), and Hybrid. Slow-growing chicken management, slaughter procedure, and processing were previously described in the paper by Tasoniero et al. .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
145,181 |
NLS signals were searched with cNLS Mapper (http://nls-mapper.iab.keio.ac.jp/cgi-bin/NLS_Mapper_form.cgi (accessed on 1 March 2021)) using a cutoff score = 7 in the entire protein sequence, and with Nucpred (https://nucpred.bioinfo.se/cgi-bin/single.cgi (accessed on 2 March 2021)) .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
160,136 |
Overall, our results appear interesting regarding the MDCT findings according to the site of perforation, adding some more new information to what is already known and has been reported in the radiologic literature. In particular, we did not find only inframesocolic free air in the perforation of the sigmoid colorectal but both supra- and inframesocolic or supramesocolic only. We rarely observed only supramesocolic free fluid in gastroduodenal perforations, and we found low PPVs for air bubbles close to the perforated loop in small bowel perforation (16%) and from the caecum to the descending colon (14%). A high PPV of segmental abnormal wall thickness and enhancement at the exact site of perforation was found in our experience, especially in gastroduodenal perforations (PPVs of 38% and 46%, respectively), whereas a high PPV of fat stranding (37%) was noted in the case of sigmoid colon and rectum perforations next to the upstream segment in 46% of cases with a PPV of 100%. Finally, we found distension of the upstream viscera and collapse of the downstream intestinal segment with respect to the site of perforation in a relevant percentage of patients (especially in perforations of the stomach, duodenum and from the caecum to the descending colon).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
98,628 |
Our most important result is that, in our implementation, dropouts are most likely due to reasons that are exogenous to the experiment. Together with the replication of findings from the laboratory, our results suggest that online interactive experiments can be a reliable tool for collecting internally-valid data and hence are a potentially valuable complement to the physical laboratory.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
93,713 |
Microprobe analyses were made on three separate days. First, 15 random points on the sample were analyzed, and then two traces across the sample were made at right angles to one another on successive days. These traces contained 19 and 12 points respectively. Points taken just inside the edge of the sample gave results which were very different from results taken from points a millimeter or more away from the edge. There were nine such points, of which eight gave high results and one gave a low result. The latter probably can be explained by the fact that the beam overlapped into the mounting material. The edge was not maintained completely flat during polishing. This resulted in a higher x-ray takeoff angle and caused the high results observed for the remaining eight points.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
119,066 |
Because prior evidence in the literature suggested loss of TAP expression in various cancers, TAP has emerged as a strong candidate for adjuvant immunotherapies and vaccines aimed at increasing the number of peptide antigens that tumors present to CD8+ cytotoxic T cells [18, 38–40]. Our results indicate that these strategies may not be necessary in advanced stages and higher grades of breast cancer, which already display the TAP1 and TAP2 subunits. These treatment strategies may need to be carefully tailored to specific cancer types and subgroups of patients to have maximal benefit.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
186,148 |
The crystallographic structure of KS@GNPs was verified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. As presented in Figure 5B, four characteristics peaks at 2 theta values were observed at 38.35, 44.63, 64.51, and 77.47 which were assigned to 111, 200, 220, and 311 planes, and completely matched the reflections of face centered cubic GNPs when compared these peaks positions with the standard gold metallic form (JCPDS) file No. 04-0784. This similarity indicated that the synthesized KS@GNPs were of pure crystalline in nature. However, the most dominant peak with high intensity and area was observed at 38.35° while other remained poor intense and longer, indicating that the maximum growth of GNPs was 111 plane orientation.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
55,595 |
Mass spectrometry was performed as previously described . After amino acid starvation, medium was aspirated quickly and precooled 80% methanol was added directly to the cells. The cells were then incubated at −80°C for 15 minutes followed by centrifugation at 4°C. The supernatant was then dried with a speed vacuum and the extracted metabolite pellet was stored at −80°C. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and data analysis were processed at Duke University (Durham, NC) and described previously . Intracellular αKG levels were also measured using Alpha Ketoglutarate Assay Kit (Abcam) according to the manufacturer’s protocol for colorimetric assay without the deproteinization step.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
156,344 |
Wellman (2018) provides an integrative account of how this “first-order” false-belief ToM ability finds its origins in more basic perceptual and social competencies, which facilitate its emergence and development during the child's first 5 years. However, “second-order” tasks demonstrate that ToM typically undergoes up to 2 more years of development before it can be said to be of similar basic maturity to ToM in adults. In second-order ToM, the reasoner contemplates the differing subjective beliefs of two protagonists in addition to his/her own current belief about a situation (Perner, 1991; Slade and Ruffman, 2005). Such higher order ToM requires appreciation and coordination of a greater number of symbolic representations and hence they highlight the importance of memory (Abell et al., 2000; Kaland et al., 2005; McKinnon and Moscovitch, 2007; Wright and Mahfoud, 2014).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
13,196 |
Lactobacillus paracasei MCC1849 is a probiotic strain that was isolated from the intestine of a healthy adult. This strain has a high capacity for inducing IL-12 production in murine splenocytes, and it has been shown that the administration of heat-killed MCC1849 enhances the antibody response against IFV vaccination in elderly over 85 years old . MCC1849 may affect host acquired immune responses against infection; however, the underlying mechanism of the effects of MCC1849 are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of orally administered heat-killed MCC1849 on antigen-specific IgA production in the intestine and on Tfh cell induction in vivo.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
255,005 |
Associations between MTBC lineages and human ethnicities have been reported. Indeed, lineages 1, 2, and 4 are reported to be strongly associated with Filipino, Chinese, and “white” ethnicities, respectively (Gagneux et al., 2006; Asante-Poku et al., 2016). Likewise, in China, Hui ethnicity was found to be associated with the Beijing family of MTBC (Pang et al., 2012). Indeed, human genetic diversity has been linked to an increased or reduced susceptibility to TB. Recent studies have reported human genetic polymorphisms that influence the susceptibility to TB caused by Maf but Mtbss or vice versa. These studies indicate that human genetic susceptibility to TB is further influenced by the MTBC genotype. Conversely, a human polymorphism that reported recently on mannose-binding lectin (MBL) was associated with protection against TB caused by Maf (23). Moreover, this latter study also found Maf to bind to human recombinant MBL more efficiently, perhaps leading to an improved uptake by macrophages and selection of deficient MBL variants among human populations exposed to Maf. Although our study did not find a significant association between ethnicity and MTBC lineages, our study suggests that host genetics play an important role in TB pathogenesis, hence, the need for newer approaches to TB therapy such as host-directed immune-therapy, which have the potential to shorten the TB treatment and prevent resistance by promoting autophagy.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
223,183 |
Most recent phylogenetic studies based on whole chloroplast genome sequences, genome-wide sequence information and enlarged taxon sampling provided increased resolution of the evolutionary history within the Triticeae tribe, thereby shedding also new light on the GGAtAt wheat genepool (Bernhardt et al. 2017; Gornicki et al. 2014).
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
52,163 |
Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were injected intraperitoneally with GM (220 mg/kg) once per day for 5 days to induced ototoxicity. The autophagic response in auditory hair cells within the organ of Corti was then analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunohistochemistry. Autophagic vacuoles were observed in the inner and outer hair cells of normal rats (Fig. 4A–C). However, the number of autophagic vacuoles in the inner and outer hair cells increased 10 days after GM injection (Fig. 4E–G). Disorganized structures and the loss of cristae in mitochondria were observed in GM-injected animals as the number of autophagic vacuoles increased. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis of the organ of Cortis revealed that LC3 staining was more intense and condensed in GM-injected animals compared with control animals (Fig. 4D,H).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
67,569 |
The result of the multivariate analysis predicting under five child faecal passage preferences during the day (Table 11) and at night (Table 12) was done through binary logistic regression. The significant predictors of where under five children passed excreta irrespective of time of the day were the caregiver's occupation (civil servants), the age of index under five child, the transport and disposal of faeces whereas knowledge only predicts the passage of faeces preference by under five children at night (P < 0.05).Table 11Multivariate regression of variables predicting defecation passage preferences during the day for under five children by their caregiversFactorOdd ratio (OR)95% confidence interval (CI) P-valueEducation None - Primary1.9200.793–4.6460.148 Secondary and aboveRefOccupation Civil Servant3.1051.050–9.1810.041 Other (semi-skilled/business)RefAge of index Under five children3–5 years5.9222.422–14.4760.0011–2 yearsRefNo. of Under five children > 24.7740.329–69.2150.252 1–2RefRelationship of caregiver to the under-5 children Mother1.5680.545–4.5090.404 Others (grandmother/paid carer)RefLocation of the household toilet to the residence Outside the premises1.9540.819–4.6600.131 Within the premisesRefKnowledge Poor2.3260.993–5.4460.052 GoodRefTransport of faeces Unsafe7.8043.222–18.8990.001 SafeRefDisposal of faeces Unsafe2.5931.126–5.9690.025 SafeRefHandwashing process Incorrect1.5040.587–3.8510.395 CorrectRef Table 12Multivariate regression of variables predicting defecation passage preferences at night for under five children by their caregiversFactorOdd ratio (OR)95% confidence interval (CI) P-valueEducation Secondary and above1.580 0.784–3.1850.201 None – PrimaryRefOccupation Civil Servant2.8961.059–7.9190.038 Other (semi-skilled/business)RefAge of index Under five children 1–2 years1.3850.763–2.5170.284 3–5 yearsRefNo. of Under five children > 21.9700.401–9.6800.404 1–2RefRelationship of caregiver to the under five children Mother1.0780.495–2.3500.850 Others (grandmother/paid carer)RefLocation of the household toilet to the residence Within the premises1.6300.842–3.1540.147 Outside the premisesRefKnowledge Good3.4951.802–6.7800.001 PoorRefTransport of faeces Safe2.2501.092–4.6400.028 UnsafeRefDisposal of faeces Safe2.3161.165–4.6050.017 UnsafeRefHandwashing process Incorrect1.2980.649–2.5950.461 CorrectRef
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
199,972 |
C41(DE3) and Rosetta 2(DE3) competent cells transformed with pET28a-MUC4β plasmid were grown in LB culture at 37 °C. After reaching the mid-exponential phase, all bacterial cultures were separately induced at variable IPTG concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mM) for 4 h at 37 °C. Uninduced controls were prepared without adding IPTG. The effect of three different post-induction temperatures on the enrichment of rMUC4β expression was evaluated in pET-28a-MUC4β transformed Rosetta 2(DE3) cells60. Bacterial culture was induced at ~ 0.6 OD by adding 0.5 mM of IPTG. After induction, each tube was incubated separately at 16 °C, 25 °C, and 37 °C, respectively, for 4 h. To investigate the effects of different culture media on the expression efficiency of rMUC4β in E. coli, freshly-made pre-inoculum culture (2%) of Rosetta 2(DE3) cells transformed with pET-28a-MUC4β plasmid was added to 20 mL of culture media (LB and TB) and grown at 37 °C until medium exponential phase. One set of cultures was induced with 0.5 mM ITPG and incubated for 4 h at 37 °C. The second control set was grown without IPTG addition. A sample from each culture condition was pelleted and lysed in an appropriate volume of lysis buffer to maintain equal ODs (~ 1.2/mL). After lysis, SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting analysis were performed using equal amounts of lysates to identify IPTG concentration, temperature, and culture media for optimal production.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
48,996 |
The GnRH stimulation test with gonadorelin acetate (LHRH Ferring®, Ferring Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York) was performed between 8 a.m. and 8.30 a.m. on subjects with basal LH <1 IU/L (15). GnRH (0.1 mg/m2) was administered intravenously and samples for measuring FSH and LH were drawn at 20, 40, 60 and 90 minutes after the injection. A peak LH level of >5 IU/L was considered to be indicative of puberty (16). For the assessment of hormonal suppression, a repeat GnRH test (retest) was performed during the course of treatment. Retests were done three weeks after the third dose of LA. Peak LH levels of <2 IU/L were considered to be an adequate suppression of puberty (17).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
343,629 |
Daily observations were made to determine oviposition rate, hatching rate, and the emergence rate. Oviposition rate was calculated as the number of eggs laid per female and hatching rate was considered as the number of hatched eggs as a percentage of the total number of eggs laid. Furthermore, emergence rate was defined as the number of emerged adults as a percentage of total number of eggs hatched.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
115,695 |
Among 2,710 IPD isolates obtained during 2015 and subjected to WGS, 132 (4.9%) were serotype 35B. Of 1,528 IPD isolates recovered from partial year 2016 IPD surveillance, 67 (4.4%) were serotype 35B. Most (168/199) of these isolates belonged to penicillin-nonsusceptible clonal complex (CC) 558 (168 isolates) and CC156 (21 isolates) (Figure 1; Table 1). Serotype 35B CC558 and CC156 isolates of all serotypes discussed were uniformly positive for the rrgA gene (Tables 1, 2), which encodes a pilus subunit that functions in epithelial adhesion (22). Ten isolates of long-standing penicillin-susceptible 35B/ST452 (3) were also recovered. Single 35B isolates were identified of ST1092, a lineage of conjugate vaccine serotypes 6A and 6B (see http://pubmlst.org/spneumoniae/), and of ST11818 (highly related to 15A/ST63), an antimicrobial-resistant nonvaccine serotype lineage that has increased in the post–conjugate vaccine era (4).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
246,374 |
A one-way ANOVA revealed no significant differences (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$p > 0.05$$\end{document}p>0.05) in discharges amongst the laterals for the respective effluents. The discharge from individual MTI laterals from AF and HFCW had approximately equal means and medians (Fig. 4), revealing a constant discharge from the respective laterals and replicates. The one-way ANOVA analysis, however, showed a significant difference (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$p < 0.05$$\end{document}p<0.05) in clogging due to AF and the HFCW effluent. This meant that effluent quality influenced the degree of clogging.Figure 4Box plot showing discharge variations between the two types of effluents.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
215,257 |
This finding needs to be contextualized within a broader understanding of the types and rigor of courses being taken by H/H students. Table 3 presents course completion data for the 10 most frequent course registrations by H/H students as well as comparative data for non-H/H students. Two outcomes are apparent. First, H/H students enrolled in similar core courses as their non-H/H counterparts. Standard diploma requirements in Florida include English/Language Arts, Math, Science, Social Studies (including government and economics), Physical Education (e.g., HOPE in the table below), and Fine Arts. H/H students demonstrate similar levels of course completion compared to non-H/H students in most core topics. The second evident result from this table relates to course selection and functionality of H/H students. In addition to core courses, H/H students take and complete life-skills courses like Drivers Education in relatively the same manner as their non-H/H peers. In sum, H/H students took the same types and rigor of courses and still performed similarly to their non-H/H counterparts in this study.
| 1 | 2other
| 0Study
|
389,910 |
In three of the selected studies [20, 22, 23], the HbA1c levels of 73 participants in the BCG intervention group tended to improve but not significantly (MD = −0.12, 95%CI = −0.53 to 0.30; I2 = 56%) as compared with that of the 75 participants in the placebo group (Figure 2). Among these studies, one reported a significantly positive effect of the BCG vaccine on HbA1c levels . However, the sample size of this study was much smaller than that of the other two [20, 22]. The results remained unchanged after removing each study in the sensitivity analysis ().
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
359,546 |
The underlying causes for these symptoms related to COVID-19 and the mechanisms involved in potential long-lasting impairments are currently not fully understood but are probably multifactorial. These factors include direct viral infection of the nervous system, the systemic inflammatory response to the virus, cerebrovascular ischemia due to endothelial dysfunction or severe coagulopathy, the ARDS presented in severe cases, the use of invasive ventilation and sedation along with side effects of drugs used to treat COVID-19, and peripheral organ dysfunction (see Figure 1; Sasannejad et al., 2019; Heneka et al., 2020; Ogier et al., 2020).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
363,342 |
For unphased data, the sample size correction should largely follow the phased case, with n replacing 2n: 5\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ E\left[{r}_{unphased}^2\right]=\frac{1}{n}+\left(1-\frac{1}{n}\right){r}_{true}^2 $$\end{document}Erunphased2=1n+1−1nrtrue2and similarly if we estimate the underlying \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ {r}_{true}^2 $$\end{document}rtrue2 from the estimated haplotype frequencies, the sample size correction formula is: 6\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ \hat{r_{true}^2}=\left({r}_{unphased}^2-\frac{1}{n}\right)/\left(1-\frac{1}{n}\right) $$\end{document}rtrue2^=runphased2−1n/1−1n
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
14,882 |
As materials, the EPS of P. cruentum and Rhodella maculata showed outstanding drag-reducing properties at low concentrations, indicating their potential use as drag-reducing additives to increase the velocity of ships, thus reducing fuel consumption . It is noted that some cyanobacteria EPS have rheological properties as flocculants . Heteropolysaccharide EPS from Nostoc flagelliforme possess high intrinsic viscosity, excellent emulsification activity, and good flocculation capability . Due to highly abundant negative charges, cyanobacterial EPS have been considered as promising metal immobilizing agents for the removal of positively charged heavy metal ions from effluents and wastewater. The cells from Anabaena spiroides have large polysaccharide capsules that continuously release EPS into the medium. Such EPS have the capacity to bind metals such as Cu(II), Pb(II), and Hg(II) . They might thus be used to reduce the environmental concentrations of these heavy metals and lower their transfer into the food chain . Additionally, the EPS of Nostoc linckia exhibit biosorption capacity of Co(II) and Cr(VI) ions, which depends on the contact time, pH, and initial metal ion concentration . The EPS of Chlorella stigmatophora have a metal-complexing capacity of Zn2+ and Cd2+, which is possibly related to negative surface charges resulting from the presence of uronic acids or sulfate (or both) . Microalgal EPS with metal-complexing capacity is of potential ecological importance and can be used as a natural metal chelate especially in the processes of biological water purification .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
354,757 |
Testing whether nudging could lead to a long-term behavioral change in food consumption also deserves attention (Gifford et al., 2011; Devezer et al., 2014). Loebnitz et al. (2015) suggest that nudging interventions that increase (perceived) availability, for example, could lead to enhanced consumption in the long-run even when the behavioral intervention is taken away, since increased exposure is likely to increase acceptance of unfamiliar or odd products. Future research can test whether keeping nudging interventions longer in place will lead to long-term behavioral change or whether effectiveness will eventually fade away (cf. two-factor theory of Berlyne, 1970). Future research can also test whether variations of nudging interventions are necessary to optimally affect ESFC in the long-run.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
237,193 |
Frequency and percentage were used to report categorical variables, while median was used to report non-parametric continuous explanatory variables. Bivariate analysis was performed to examine the association between optimal breastfeeding and each individual (level 1) and community-level factors (level 2) at p-value less than or equal to 0.25. Finally, multivariable multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the adjusted odds ratios for both levels and to estimate the extent of random variation between communities at a p-value of less than 0.05 and confidence interval 95% .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
70,335 |
Finally, the changing scores of the three dimensions of knowledge, attitudes, and behavior, measured by these scales over time, give an optimistic outlook on the potential for positive changes resulting from campaigns aiming to reduce the stigmatization of mental health problems.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
24,546 |
In addition to defining the genome-wide chromatin accessibility profile of individual photoreceptor subtypes, our analysis suggests a simple taxonomy of photoreceptor regulatory elements based on TF motif content and their proximity to genes. Consistent with previous work, we found that promoters and enhancers are distinct with respect to size, sequence content and specificity. In particular, promoters tend to be shared across cell types and are enriched for binding sites corresponding to ubiquitous transcriptional regulators, whereas enhancers exhibit greater cell type specificity and are enriched for binding sites corresponding to photoreceptor TFs. Furthermore, enhancers are highly enriched for CTCF binding sites, most of which are shared with non-photoreceptor cell types (likely reflecting ubiquitous TADs), though some are photoreceptor-specific (potentially mediating cell type-specific contact domains). Enhancers containing CTCF motifs were largely devoid of motifs for photoreceptor TFs, whereas enhancers without CTCF motifs are highly enriched for the latter. Taken together, these findings suggest that CREs can be divided into three classes: promoters, CTCF-bound enhancers, and non-CTCF-bound enhancers. We suggest that this tripartite classification is applicable to other cell types.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
104,394 |
In this study, the gene expression of miRNA-200c was associated with DCN expression. The potential role of miR-200c has been well investigated in many cancer types, including colon cancer, ovarian cancer , lung cancer , gastric cancer [19, 22], and breast cancer . The overexpression of miR-200c was observed in ovarian cancer and correlated with poor clinical outcome. It was reported as a driver of biological aggressiveness in ovarian cancer . The miRNA-200c levels were also significantly correlated with patients' survival of gastric cancer . MiR-200c functions as a driver gene in colon cancer and is associated with tumor apoptosis and metastasis . However, an in vitro study demonstrated that miR-200c inhibits proliferative and invasive characteristic of colon cancer cell line . It has also been reported that miR-200c is able to inhibit the metastasis of breast cancer cells and inhibit their proliferation . Some studies even drew conclusions that miR-200c could be a suppressor of tumor proliferation and invasion [25, 26]. Tissue specificity could be the cause of this paradoxical interpretation that miR-200c might play different roles in different cancers/organs of origin. Also, many of these experiments were performed in the cell lines, while cell line authentication information was not provided.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
128,157 |
Please use the space provided to explain your answers to the questions above. You may also include additional comments for the author, including concerns about dual publication, research ethics, or publication ethics. (Please upload your review as an attachment if it exceeds 20,000 characters)
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
245,339 |
Strategies for nonviral cellular delivery of CRISPR-Cas components include electroporation, which involves pulsing cells with high-voltage currents that create transient nanometer-sized pores in the cell membrane. This process allows negatively-charged DNA or mRNA molecules or CRISPR-Cas RNPs to enter the cells. Although this method is a primary method of Cas9-sgRNA delivery to cells ex vivo, electroporation has also been used successfully for Cas9 delivery to animal zygotes82,83, and to introduce CRISPR-Cas constructs directly into mouse skeletal muscle, resulting in restoration of dystrophin gene expression84. Electroporation will likely be of limited utility for most in vivo genome editing applications due to impracticality.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
202,746 |
Altogether these data provide relevant pieces of information: (i) CLIC1 inhibition reduces GSC proliferation, self-renewal, migration, and invasiveness; (ii) the antiproliferative activity of biguanides (including the novel derivatives characterized in this study) is mainly mediated by CLIC1 inhibition, as shown by the minimal inhibition of viability observed in ucMSCs, which do not require CLIC1 activity to proliferate, or in GSCs interfered for CLIC1 expression; (iii) metformin antitumor activity can be improved, as demonstrated by the novel compounds tested, in particular as far as potency, without losing the safety of the antidiabetic drug, as shown by the low toxicity in normal astrocytes and ucMSCs, or when systemically administered to whole organisms; (iv) antitumor effects exerted in 3D GSC organoids and in vivo in zebrafish are highly suggestive of efficacy also in more complex systems. These latter data also provide evidence that, although unable to freely diffuse through membranes, these compounds are able to be vehiculated inside tissues, likely by transport systems. However, similarly to metformin, the physical-chemical properties of the novel biguanide derivatives allow their ionization at physiological pH in tissues, a molecular condition required for an effective interaction with CLIC1. In fact, in the only model available, basing on single-amino acid mutations in the putative pore region, it was proposed that biguanides might affect channel activity by interacting with negative charged amino acids . Further studies are required to directly characterize this aspect.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
35,995 |
Bars represent mean of double determinations, and error bars represent range. Light blue bars represent analysis of plasma samples in the presence of buffer, and dark blue bars represent analysis of plasma samples in the presence of 0.1 mg/mL anti cFVIII PAb. The buffer sample from P16 represents a single determination, as one of the double determinations failed. X-axis represents dog identifier, and y-axis represents peak thrombin generation in nM thrombin.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
212,970 |
There is growing interest in the use of RWD to complement data from clinical trials, and regulatory authorities such as the FDA, EMA and PMDA have signaled their support for the use of RWD in generating clinical evidence. As noted in its RWE framework, the FDA is considering developing guidance on the use of RWD to construct external control arms to support regulatory decision-making (16). This guidance might provide considerations on when and how to use external control arms and offer insights on specific considerations in clinical development.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
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