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Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS), which consisted of eight items grouped into three domains (selection, comparability, and exposure/outcome) to assess the methodological quality of case–control or cohort studies (20). Studies that achieved a full rating in at least two categories of the three assessments were considered to have a low risk of bias (21).
| 4 | 0biomedical
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2,293 |
Both childhood (between birth and age 11 years) and adolescent (between age 12 and 16 years) TBI were associated with problematic cannabis use at age 17 years in the unadjusted models (childhood: unadjusted OR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.14–2.28; adjusted OR = 1.45, 95% CI 0.98–2.15; adolescent: unadjusted OR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.99; adjusted OR 1.36, 95% CI 0.98–1.88). Adolescent TBI was also associated with increased hazardous use of alcohol at age 17 years (unadjusted OR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.28–2.27; adjusted OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.25–2.37) and problematic use of tobacco at age 17 years (unadjusted OR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.11–2.19; adjusted OR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.15–2.52). In the negative control analyses, adolescent OI was associated with problematic use of tobacco (unadjusted OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.13–2.00; adjusted OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.25–2.48). There was no evidence of an association between OI status and any of the other substance use measures. Relative to adolescent OI, adolescent TBI was associated with increased odds of alcohol use only (unadjusted OR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.13–2.31; adjusted OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.17–2.63).
| 4 | 0biomedical
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9,196 |
In summary, the purely random approach analyzed with ML techniques requires in principle more resources than the quantum feedback algorithm with delayed equation. Nevertheless, the fact that ML techniques are independent of the basis guarantees their success in any possible situation. The comparison is made between the episodes, the number of times that the time delayed equation has to be repeated, and the instances, the amount of data employed in the ML algorithm. Even if both methods are based on different training mechanisms, the information fed to both of them is the same, a figure of merit for each control state. In the SVR the system is provided with pairs of control state and its correspondent fidelity, which requires the implicit knowledge of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\{|{\rm{in}}\rangle ,|{\rm{out}}\rangle \}$$\end{document}{|in〉,|out〉} and the ideal U operation. The connection with the quantum algorithm is that the delay term in Eq. 2 provides a distance that works in an analogue way as the fidelity in the SVR. Notice that in the quantum algorithm each episode only requires a pair of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\{|{\rm{i}}{\rm{n}}\rangle ,|{\rm{o}}{\rm{u}}{\rm{t}}\rangle \}$$\end{document}{|in⟩,|out⟩} states, therefore the number of episodes equals the number of instances. A more realistic analysis would take into account the duration of each process, but for the moment we cannot make a precise estimation about the time for implementing a time delayed equation.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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299,337 |
Furthermore, also several of the 58 regulated miRNAs were previously associated with pro-fibrotic events. For instance, anti-fibrotic miRNAs miR-221-3p , miR-196a-5p , and miR-20a-3p were lower expressed in pMSCs and higher in iwatMSCs, while pro-fibrotic miRNAs miR-10a-5p and miR-23b-3p were enriched in pMSCs. More specifically, miR-10a-5p overexpression was shown to promote COL1A1, COL1A3, α-SMA, and TGF-β1 protein expression and thus increased the levels of atrial fibrillation and cardiac fibroblasts in rat models . It is known that miR-23b-3p together with miR-27b-3p promotes atrial fibrosis by targeting TGFBR3 and that sponging of miR-196a-5p increases the expression of the lncRNA H19 which leads to an increased fibroblast activation through COL1A1 in the human fibroblast cell line MRC-5 . Therefore, the cell-specific miRNA signature might, in part, explain a fibrogenesis-favoring cell fate of pMSCs.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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65,149 |
Figure 5 presents the average of the total stimulus of the two kinds of spatial structure as a function of the population size when γ<Df. It is evident, by the simulation results that the socio-economic exponent follows a superlinear behaviour (βse>1). That is, the total stimulus of the city is boosted with increases in population size. In relation to the quantitative analysis of the social exponent, there is also a good agreement between the simulation and the analytic prediction given by (2.11). The comparison between the theoretical predictions of the socio-economic exponent and the simulation results is better for a larger population size, due to the minimization of the finite size effects. As was expected, a compact structure presents a greater socio-economic exponent than the fractal one. In other words, the more compact the population is, the more efficient the city will be in the socio-economic aspects. Figure 5.Superlinear behaviour between the total stimulus of the city and the population size, presented by the simulation of the model. The parameters of simulations were: γ=1.41666…, Df=2 (homogeneous distribution) and Df= 1.7 (DLA algorithm). Points (circles and squares) represent averages over 50 independent samples of numerical simulations, where each simulation is performed keeping N fixed. The error bars are smaller than the size of the points. The continuous lines are theoretical predictions (equation (2.10)) where βse=76 (blue line) and βse=1.29166 (red line). Dashed line represents the linear scaling.
| 4 | 2other
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70,487 |
All the cells were passed and plated on glass-bottomed dishes (NEST) before imaging for two days. They were maintained in a humidified atmosphere of 5/95 (v/v) of CO2/air at 37 °C. The cells were treated and incubated with 2 μM CMP1 at 37 °C under 5% CO2 for 30 min, washed three times with phosphate buffered saline solution (PBS; Gibco), and then imaged after further incubation in colorless serum-free media for 30 min. The culture mediums for each cells are as below.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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116,397 |
SPR experiments were performed using a BIAcore 3000 (GE Health) instrument with a Biacore vesicle capture L1 sensor chip. DMPC (1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) and DMPG (1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids. Small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) were prepared in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (pH 7.4) by sonication and extrusion. In brief, lipids were dissolved in chloroform in 25 mL round-bottom flasks, and then deposited as a thin film by removal of the solvent (chloroform) under reduced pressure on a rotary evaporator and dried under high vacuum for at least 2 h. PBS was then added into each flask to give a suspension, which was sonicated for 5 cycles of 5 min each. The suspension was passed 17 × through a 50-nm polycarbonate filter in an Avestin Lipofast Basic extrusion apparatus to give a translucent solution of vesicles, which should possess a mean diameter of 50 nm. The SUVs were injected across the L1 sensor chip for 30 min at a flow rate of 2 mL min−1 to form a supported lipid bilayer. The coverage of the lipid bilayer was determined from the extent of non-specific binding of bovine serum albumin (0.1 mg mL−1 in PBS, 5 min injection). A series of concentrations of vancomycin and vancapticins were passed sequentially over the different phospholipid-containing flow cells at a flow rate of 30 µL min−1 for 180 s. The amount of antibiotic bound at equilibrium just before the end of the injection was corrected by subtraction of the bulk-refractive index difference observed at the beginning and the end of each injection. After each injection cycle, the lipid surface was regenerated with 20 mM 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]−1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS) and a fresh lipid bilayer was loaded as described above. All assays were carried out at 25 °C in triplicate. The equilibrium binding response values obtained were normalised by dividing the average observed response (RU) by the molecular weights (MW) of each compound, i.e. RUadjusted = 100 × RU/MW.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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253,394 |
Overall, this work was focused on providing insights on the mechanism of activation of a VG Ca2+ channel under the application of an external field applied in the order of nanoseconds, mimicking an nsPEF. As was discussed in the introduction, the mechanism of activation in such short timescales must be different from the physiological one described in the literature. Hence, two main conclusions can be obtained from this work. First, membrane composition, specifically cholesterol content, is fundamental for the response of the VSD to an external electric field, confirming that the membrane is an allosteric regulator, preserving both the structure and function of membrane proteins. Second, the extent of the conformational changes occurring in the VSD conformation under an E→ = 0.2 V/nm suggests that the activation of a VG Ca2+ channel by a nsPEF may be due to major VSD rearrangements compared with the physiological conformational changes described in the literature. Moreover, achieving a ΔG between representative clusters of the final conformations of VSD that lies below thermal noise confirms that at least during the simulated timescales, the conformational changes occurring in the VSD are thermodynamically reversible. This knowledge could provide important hints towards the understating of the biophysical laws governing the nanosecond-scale gating elicited by nsPEF. Last but not least, the conformational rearrangements of the VSD leading to a pore formation under an E→ = 0.2 V/nm in which two smaller two-helical sub-domains come apart can be the starting point to propose a novel effect of the application of nsPEF into cells: the formation of nanopores through a phenomenon we termed “protein-mediated electroporation”.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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329,532 |
The expression of TCP and CT is tightly regulated by a regulatory cascade, referred to as the ToxR virulence regulon (Childers and Klose, 2007). Under virulence inducing growth conditions, ToxR cooperates with TcpP to bind to the promoter region of toxT to activate its transcription, and ToxT, in turn, activates the transcription of ctxAB and tcpA (DiRita et al., 1991; Krukonis et al., 2000; Goss et al., 2013). ToxR alone also can directly activate ctxAB transcription in the presence of bile acids (Hung and Mekalanos, 2005). While under non-inducing growth conditions, TcpP and ToxT are proteolytically degraded in order to terminate virulence gene expression (Matson and DiRita, 2005; Abuaita and Withey, 2011). The genes for TCP and CT production are also regulated by quorum sensing (QS) (Miller et al., 2002; Zhu et al., 2002), a cell-to-cell communication process that bacteria use to monitor their cell density by detecting the extracellular concentration of autoinducers (AIs), the signaling molecules (Ball et al., 2017). In vibrios, AphA and LuxR orthologs (referred to as the HCD master regulators, HMRs) represent the terminal master regulator of QS operating at low cell density (LCD) and high cell density (HCD), respectively (Lu et al., 2018). AphA, which has interaction with AphB, binds to the promoter of tcpPH to activate its transcription (Kovacikova et al., 2004). HapR (the homologous protein of LuxR) represses the transcription of tcpPH via binding and repression of aphA transcription (Kovacikova and Skorupski, 2002). The global regulator cAMP-CRP represses tcpPH transcription via its ability to influence AphA- and AphB-dependent transcriptional activation of tcpPH. This is because the cAMP-CRP binding site is completely within the binding sites of AphA and AphB (Kovacikova and Skorupski, 2001). H-NS also has roles in silencing the expression of TCP and CT by binding and repression of ctx, tcp, and toxT promoters (Nye et al., 2000; Stonehouse et al., 2011). In addition, the ferric uptake regulator Fur seems to have positive regulatory activity on TCP production, because deletion of fur repressed tcp transcription and exhibited very weak autoagglutination, one indicator of the capacity of V. cholerae infection in vivo (Mey et al., 2005).
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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344,982 |
The AAO-HNS Anosmia Reporting Tool was issued to subjects with COVID-19. This study also contains a subject group with COVID-19–negative test results, and to maintain consistency and comparability of findings, questions relating to the presence of COVID-19 were removed and questionnaire 2 was created.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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41,886 |
As these fluvial deposits occur at 5–6 m O.D. at the mouth of the Nar Valley, they must predate the Wormegay Gravels of the valley, because the terrace surface of the latter occurs at 3.5 m O.D. at the Wormegay stratotype (NGR TF 655131) . This observation is important because it demonstrates that there was a significant time interval (and erosional hiatus) between deposition of the marginal Downham Market deposits and the Late Wolstonian Wormegay Gravels. Likewise, there was a similar hiatus between the Wormegay unit and the subsequent Marham Gravel (that directly underlies the Ipswichian-age Pentney deposits ). In the Wissey Valley, extensive terrace deposits at Wretton, south of West Dereham, at 4 m O.D. are of Devensian age .
| 1 | 2other
| 0Study
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267,780 |
However, the simultaneous use of these plants is not immune from harmful effects . Medicinal plants may contain toxic substances such as mercury, lead, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, zinc, and arsenic, which can cause serious complications . This is the case of aristolochia (Aristolochia longa L). This species contains aristolochic acid which can cause irreversible renal damage with hematuria and limb paralysis . In addition “Euphorbia resinifera”, whose vernacular name is “Daghmous” is widely used to treat cysts . In , several cases of intoxicated patients have been reported by the Moroccan Centre for Pharmacovigilance by ingestion of the “Daghmous”. Wild garlic (Allium ursinum) does not contain harmful substances but may be confused with poisonous plants . Other effects have been reported, such as acute encephalopathy (in case of overconsumption of saffron), tubulointerstitial nephritis, liver damage, digestive disorders (diarrhea, vomiting, constipation), rectal bleeding .
| 4 | 0biomedical
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130,236 |
Culture supernatants were collected at 4, 8, and 12 h and assayed for cytokines using a Bio-Plex Cytokine panel (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA) and analyzed using a Bio-Plex Luminex 200 (Bio-Rad Laboratories). The assay was performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions to measure the concentrations of the following 27 target cytokines: IL-1β; IL-1 receptor antagonist; IL-2; IL-4; IL-5; IL-6; IL-7; IL-8; IL-9; IL-10; IL-12p70; IL-13; IL-15; IL-17A; basic fibroblast growth factor; eotaxin; granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF); granulocyte macrophage CSF (GM-CSF); IFN-γ; IFN-γ-induced protein 10; monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1); macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α); MIP-1β; platelet-derived growth factor BB; regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES); TNF-α; and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The samples were incubated with antibody-coupled beads for 60 min followed by incubation with a detection antibody for 30 min. Next, conjugates were incubated with streptavidin for 10 min, washed using a Bio-Plex Pro II Wash Station (Bio-Rad Laboratories), resuspended, and vortexed before fluorescence measurement using a Bio-Plex® 200 system (Bio-Rad Laboratories). The obtained data were analyzed and standard curves (log (x) − linear(y)) were generated using Bio-Plex Manager v6.0. The cytokine concentration levels were measured in triplicate and compared against standard curves generated by Bio-Plex Manager v6.0. Correction and quantile normalization were then performed using a median polish probe summarization. In addition to the quality control of the RNA samples and hybridization, principal component analysis was performed to check the data quality. Only data of those samples found to be satisfactory in all quality control tests were included for further analysis. In the process of data filtering, probe sets with an intensity value of the lowest 20th percentile of all intensity values were removed. The resulting working transcript list of filtered entities was then used for statistical analysis. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to identify those genes that were significantly expressed (p < 0.05) in response to viral infection. To reduce the overall number of false positives, Benjamini and Hochberg multiple testing correction was employed. Significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with a fold change more than 1.5 in response to pdmH1N1 and seasonal pdmH1N1 infection compared with mock were then merged into a gene list for further gene ontology (GO) and pathway analysis. GO and pathway over-representation analysis, as well as further analysis of protein–protein interactions and transcription factor regulation, were performed using the Innate DB platform. Over-representation analysis was performed using a hypergeometric algorithm, and over-represented GO terms or pathways with p-values ≤ 0.05 were retained, provided that at least two of the uploaded genes mapped to the entity in question.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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313,371 |
Liver has a central role in lipid metabolism, and synthesis, and import of free fatty acids, as well as storing and exporting lipids and lipoproteins. In NAFLD, lipid deposition is increased because of elevated hepatic lipogenesis and increased lipid uptake. At the same time, reduced lipid removal caused by decreased β-oxidation and diminished TG export, causes a positive lipid balance in the liver leading to the progression of NAFLD (3). Obesity and its metabolic consequences such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus, are the most prevalent risk factors for dyslipidemia and steatosis development (4).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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344,882 |
Quantitative RT-PCR showing the transcript levels of chat, vacht, machr-a, and machr-b in I. ricinus ticks maintained in 98% or 25% relative humidity (RH) for 30 h. (A) Transcript levels of chat, vacht, machr-a and machr-b in synganglia. (B) Transcript levels of machr-a and machr-b in SGs. Error bars indicate the standard error for two biological replicates. Data were normalized using the ribosomal protein S4 (rps4) transcript, and expression levels of specific transcripts from ticks maintained in 98% RH were assigned a value of 1. Note that comparing the mean to 1 for each transcript using a one-way Student t-test (P ≤ 0.05) did not show any statistically significant differences.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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342,613 |
To further document that elevated lipid peroxidation could stimulate cytosolic calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA) , the iPLA activity was measured. Consistent with lipid peroxidation results, as shown in Figure 4, tBHP increased iPLA activity in mock C. elegans by 52% (p < 0.05) compared to the un-administered mock control, whereas tBHP promoted iPLA activity by 24% (p < 0.05) in gspd-1-knockdown C. elegans compared to the un-administered gspd-1-knockdown control (Figure 5). This figure also shows that gspd-1-knockdown C. elegans had enhanced iPLA activity by 40% (p < 0.05) compared to mock C. elegans and that no significant difference was observed in iPLA activity between gspd-1-knockdown and mock C. elegans, both of which were administered with 5 mM tBHP.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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98,878 |
One of the main advantages of deep learning is its capacity to automatically infer the most informative feature set for a given task, such as text classification, named entity recognition or Relation Extraction (RE). The first deep learning model applied to RE was the Matrix-Vector Recursive Neural Network (MV-RNN) . Concretely, this model outperformed the state-of-the-art techniques on the SemEval-2010 Task 8 dataset . However, MV-RNN is not suitable for biomedical text because the parse trees generated by the Stanford Parser, which are used as the input, are often wrong due to the complexity of the sentence structures in this domain .
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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299,178 |
To conclude, we show how our statistical ecology framework could be successfully applied to human activities. We tested our method in four databases: email sender activity, Twitter hashtags, words in Wikipedia pages and Gutenberg books. Once set the correspondence to what we consider species and individuals of a species, our approach reveals that the RSA is scale-free in each mentioned dataset with a heavy-tailed form maintained at different scales—with roughly the same exponent—through the different human activities considered (see Fig 3). This form-invariant property allows for a successful implementation of our predictive statistical framework. The importance of the form-invariance has been already noticed in network science; in authors state that “Only if the degree distributions of the network and randomly sampled subnets belong to the same family of probability distributions is it possible to extrapolate from subnet data to properties of the global network.” In our language and framework this translates into “upscaling is possible when the distribution is form invariant”. However, the heavy tail of the observed RSAs cannot be captured by a standard negative binomial distribution with r∈R+. Nevertheless, such behaviours can be accommodated when allowing the clustering parameter r to take negative values, r ∈ (−1, 0) (see Materials and methods, S1 Fig and S1.1 Section in S1 Appendix). This allows us to exploit the form-invariance property of the negative binomial distribution to propose an estimator for the statistics of the unseen human activity from small random samples. In particular, from the activity (sent emails per senders, posts per hashtags, word occurrences) in a small random sample, we infer the number of species (senders, hashtags, words) at the global scale. Moreover, we predict how the popularity of species changes with the scale, an issue of evident importance when thinking of social networks like Twitter. Finally, we compare our estimates with the true known values and in all the considered databases the relative error is small (see Tables 1, 2 and S3 Section in S1 Appendix). This result confirms the ability of our theoretical method to capture hidden quantities of the human dynamics when only random samples are available. In this regard, we remark that within our approach what matters is the ratio between the size (in terms of the number of items) of the random sample and the size of the target one. This implies that our statistical model allows to upscale to two, three, n times the size of the given sample. This feature may be useful when the size of the whole dataset is unknown. Our results pave the way for new applications in upscaling problems beyond statistical ecology.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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62,321 |
To determine if HIF-1α can be a potential therapeutic target for KSHV-induced malignancies, it is important to understand the overall effect of HIF-1 suppression in the context of a naturally infected tumor cell model. Since cell lines derived from PEL are the only naturally infected tumor cells currently available, we sought to explore the potential for anti-HIF approaches in PEL. We observed that knocking down HIF-1α expression in two PEL cell lines using a lentivirus expressing shRNA to HIF-1α resulted in substantial effects on several important aspects of PEL biology including reduced cell growth, dysregulation of cellular metabolism, and decrease in the expression of various lytic and latent KSHV genes. These effects were observed not only under hypoxic conditions, but also under normoxia. In addition, we observed that a small molecule inhibitor of HIF-1α impaired the growth and proliferation of PEL cells, suggesting that HIF-1α plays a critical role in KSHV biology and PEL pathogenesis and that it might be an attractive target for the design of new therapies for KSHV-associated diseases.
| 5 | 0biomedical
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292,092 |
Although our method is only an algorithm and not the entire solution, it can be incorporated into several clinical applications. It can also be implemented as a part of the diabetic retinopathy screening in telemedicine. The use of deep-learning methods to screen for diabetic retinopathy in telemedicine has been found to be as effective as when retinal images are examined by a human expert31. Deep-learning methods have made considerable progress in the segmentation of retinal vasculature. However, detecting retinal pathologies using these techniques remains underexplored32. The proposed deep-learning hard exudate detection with SVM pre-scanning is a method of retinal pathology detection that can enrich current telemedicine solutions with precise quantity, size, and localisation of hard exudates. Determining the position of hard exudates can be a part of the diabetic macular oedema prediction algorithm. However, screening for diabetic macular oedema alone is currently not advised33. The essential parts of diabetic macular oedema examination and follow-up are fluoroangiography and ocular computer tomography examinations34. However, these examinations are not affordable for all eye care practitioners. In addition to a standard slit lamp examination, in the fundoscopic and panfundoscopic examinations, fundus cameras are an inexpensive solution for common eye care practitioners to follow-up and archive the findings of diabetic retinopathy patients. The proposed hard exudate detection and localisation system can be a useful part of the solution that estimates, archives, and follows up on the quantity and localisation of hard exudates in diabetic retinopathy patients of common eye care practitioners. Assessing every exudate as an object during fundus photography can be the first step towards analysing them quantitatively and spatially. The risk of developing diabetic macular oedema can be computed based on these data.
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101,276 |
Variable temperature NMR analysis shows no line broadening at 193 K, which is consistent with a free energy rotation barrier lower than ca. 30 kJ mol–1. Two different types of pyridine ligands are observed at δ = 8.14 and 7.84 ppm in a 2 : 1 ratio respectively and are positioned in a facial arrangement. The distinct environments observed for the pyridine ligands (labeled “a” and “b” in Scheme 1) are consistent with pyridine dissociation being slow on the NMR time scale.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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291,174 |
The age-specific incidences of anxiety among male and female subgroups are shown in Figure 1. The number of female patients developing anxiety was more than double that of male patients among those over 30 years of age. Kaplan–Meier survival curves in Figure 2 show that females had a higher risk of developing anxiety than males.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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247,735 |
Kobayashi et al. conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the effect of Bifidobacterium breve A1 supplementation (for 12 weeks) in older people with memory complaints. The results were evaluated using the Japanese version of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Neuropsychological tests were performed at baseline and at the end of the study. A significant difference was observed between the study and control group in the subscale ‘immediate memory’ of RBANS and MMSE total score in the subjects with low RBANS total score at baseline. In addition, supplementation did not affect blood parameters or cause adverse effects. These results may suggest a potential positive and safe effect on cognitive function in elderly patients with memory impairment .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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111,026 |
Thermally oxidised silicon test wafers (polished one side, 600–700 μm thickness, Boron and Phosphorous-doped (Compart Technologies, Peterborough, UK)) were cut into ~0.5 cm2 pieces. Glassware was cleaned in 2% DECON (Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA). All experiments were carried out at room temperature and pressure. Surfaces were degreased by ultrasonication in ethanol (15 min) followed by dimethylformamide (15 min), then dried under a stream of nitrogen. Surfaces were submerged in Piranha solution (7 mL:3 mL, H2SO4:H2O2) and maintained at 80–90 °C (CAUTION: piranha solution strongly reacts with organic materials and should be handled with extreme caution). Surfaces were washed thoroughly in diH2O and dried under a stream of nitrogen. Unless otherwise stated, the activated surfaces were placed 2 cm from the edge of an upturned Eppendorf tube lid and enclosed within a Petri dish (Figure 8). A mixture of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) solution (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and paraffin oil (PO) was pipetted into the Eppendorf lid and APTES was left to evaporate over the enclosed surfaces for 5 min. The surfaces were ultrasonicated to remove physisorbed silane, twice washed in acetone (15 min), dried under a stream of nitrogen and oven-cured overnight at 80 °C.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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369,191 |
Quantitative confident values of the endogenous motion and revealed morphology of displacement signals could open new diagnostic possibilities using conventional scanners with RF output. In summary, the technique described has the potential for quantitative imaging and targeted parametric mapping of brain displacements and could be applied for future clinical trials.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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372,671 |
Succinylation regulators usually catalyze the succinylation modification of substrate proteins at lysine residues that are also frequently modified by other PTMs such as acetylation, ubiquitination and methylation. Compared to acetylation, succinylation can cause larger mass changes in substrate proteins due to the higher molecular weight of succinyl and can also have a greater effect on the charge of lysine residues from +1 to −1, resulting in more significant influences on the structure and function of target proteins (Kumar and Lombard, 2018). Moreover, competition between succinylation and other forms of PTMs at the same lysine residue can regulate the function of target proteins. For example, succinylation of S100A10 or GLS can increase the stability of these proteins by antagonizing ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation (Wang et al., 2018; Zhao S. et al., 2019). The competitive relationship between succinylation and ubiquitination may regulate protein levels through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
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106,781 |
In this study, we investigated the impact of four ABCB1 SNPs on outcomes and AE frequency in 90 patients who received the second-line Len + Dex treatment for RRMM. ABCB1, which encodes the drug-transporting protein P-gp, is a polymorphic gene, and SNPs that potentially affect protein expression and function may also affect the subsequent outcome of treatment with P-gp substrates. As Len is excreted mainly via the kidneys and does not undergo extensive metabolism, variation in drug transporter function at the brush border of renal tubular cells was thought to be a potential contributor to differences in Len plasma concentrations, which could, hypothetically, affect the outcome of treatment. A number of studies have been published on the impact of ABCB1 SNPs on outcomes with other treatment regimens in MM [6–9], however, to the best of our knowledge, no study has previously investigated associations between ABCB1 SNPs and Len treatment outcomes.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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274,596 |
Based on the colony and cellular morphological differences, phenotypic heterogeneity (i.e. differences in the phenotype) of the LAB that lives as an isogenic microbial population in a homogenous environment (Sumner and Avery, 2002) was observed in the present study (Figure 2). Within a particular bacterial species, growth conditions and the growth stage of the cells may critically impact the cellular morphology. Similarly, phenotypic heterogeneity has been observed on MRS agar medium with species such as L. fermentum, especially under different stress conditions (Sung, 2005). Especially the genus Lactobacillus in LAB is highly heterogeneous as a result of high variation in the G + C content from 33 to 55% among its members (Belletti et al., 2009). It is generally considered that G + C content may vary among the members of a well-defined genus by not more than 10 % (Kant et al., 2011).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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368,902 |
Caffeic acid methyl ester was obtained by Fisher’s esterification. Caffeic acid (156.5 mg, 0.87 mmol) was treated with MeOH (35 mL) in the presence of a catalytic amount of concentrated H2SO4 (0.2 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at reflux temperature for 4 h. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (100 mL), and the pure product was quantitatively recovered from the organic phase by partitioning with water.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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268,701 |
NST mRNA was targeted by miR‐19a (* P value <.05 compared with NC). A, Computational analysis of NST 3’UTR and miR‐19a; B, Relative luciferase activity was reduced in SMCs co‐transfected with wild‐type NST 3’UTR and miR‐19a; C, Relative luciferase activity was reduced in VSMCs co‐transfected with wild‐type NST 3’UTR and miR‐19a
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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282,041 |
For many years, the development of FS in diabetics was documented in the literature only in the form of case reports, suggesting that it was a rare occurrence . A paradigm shift occurred when Shaw et al. reported that 36% and 69% of patients with diabetic neuropathy and nephropathy, respectively, suffered from FS compared to less than 5% of patients in the control groups (non-nephropathic/neuropathic diabetics and non-diabetic renal failure) . Factors correlating to increased incidence of FS in diabetes include the presence of autonomic neuropathy and diabetic nephropathy. Sex, diabetes type, diabetes duration, and serum creatinine did not appear to impact the development of FS in diabetics.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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249,404 |
All patients undergoing elective surgery were surveyed via telephone at 14 days and followed up within six weeks post-surgery. The period of 14 days was selected as this reflected the period in which a patient who had acquired COVID-19 through nosocomial transmission would have been expected to develop symptoms. The six-week period was selected as representing a period of potential post-surgical immunosuppression with a potential higher risk of community-acquired COVID-19 infection. All patients underwent surgery between 4 May and 14 August 2020. The study was registered locally as a service evaluation.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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215,314 |
One of the proposed applications is transdermal drug delivery; the evidence shows that BC has good skin tolerance and does not cause irritation . BC has been used in several systems for delivery such drugs as ibuprofen, lidocaine diclofenac, caffeine , silver sulfadiazine as well as amoxicillin .
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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295,491 |
A FRET sensor usually consists of a modification site and a modification-binding domain in between a donor and an acceptor FP . The very first epigenetic FRET sensors were designed for histone methylation with HP1 or Polycomb CD and phosphorylation with 14-3-3τ in combination with histone and an H3 N-terminal peptide . As these probes do not have histone fold regions, they are unlikely to be incorporated into nucleosomes. Chromatin-bound FRET sensors harboring a full-length histone protein have therefore been developed to monitor acetylation, methylation and phosphorylation in a more natural setting. A series of Histac FRET sensors detect changes in the levels of H3K9ac, H3K14ac, H4K12ac and H4K5/8ac [75–78]. These sensors, consisting of an H3 or H4 histone, a bromodomain and a pair of FPs, have been shown to be useful for screening and evaluating chemical drugs that target histone acetyltransferases, histone deacetylases (HDACs) and acetyl-reader bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) family proteins, which are associated with the onset of aggressive cancers. A FRET sensor using H3K9ac-specific scFv as the binding module to acetylation has also been shown to sensitively detect the effect of HDAC inhibitors . The dynamic changes of histone H3K9 trimethylation and H3S10 phosphorylation were monitored by FRET sensors using HP1 CD and yeast Rad53 FHA2 phosphothreonin-binding domain, respectively, as the modification binding modules . By using the CFP-YFP and LLSmOrange-FusionRed FRET pairs, both H3K9me3 and H3S10ph levels were detected simultaneously.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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58,142 |
GFAP retinal immunostaining. (A) Examples of images of fluorescent labeling for GFAP in central retinas from non-treated, treated with LA, treated with progesterone and treated with LA and progesterone rd1 mice (images on the left corresponds to control mice and images on the right corresponds to rd1 mice) (Scale bar: 50 μm). (B) Histogram comparing GFAP (% stained area) in retinas non-treated, treated with LA, treated with progesterone and treated with LA and progesterone rd1 mice (three animals for strain and treatment; ∗∗p < 0.02 vs. control mice, ∗p < 0.02 vs. non-treated rd1; #p < 0.05 vs. P4 treated rd1 mice).
| 4 | 0biomedical
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67,158 |
The community structure of ECM fungi did not vary over time and was hardly affected by deep snow treatment. It differed among FPC locations being affected by soil NO3‐N. This indicates that considerable spatial variation in ECM community structure may be caused by variation in soil water and NO3‐N contents, as reported in other studies (Coleman et al. 1989; Lilleskov et al. 2002). High spatial heterogeneity in fungal composition associated with the arctic‐alpine plant Bistorta vivipara is reported in several studies from the Arctic (Blaalid et al. 2014; Botnen et al. 2014; Mundra et al. 2015b). Ordination analysis suggested no direct snow treatment effect on ECM communities, but NO3‐N was related with the structure. Soil NO3‐N was also influenced by increased snow depth, which suggests indirect effect of snow treatment on ECM fungal communities. Another possibility is that the richness of the most frequent ECM genera is unaffected by snow treatment, as indicated by the lack of a treatment effect in the ordination analysis.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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230,068 |
The polysaccharide capsule, of which there are >90 structurally and serologically unique types, is the primary pneumococcal virulence factor (5). Serotype 3 is historically associated with higher virulence than other serotypes and currently causes the largest proportion of IPD cases in the United States (>12% of all cases) (4). Although serotype 3 is included in PCV13, PCV13 provides poor protection against serotype 3 because of unique qualities of the serotype 3 capsule (6,7). In keeping with the ST271 heritage, the 3 serotype 3/ST271 isolates share the same antimicrobial-resistance mechanisms, including reduced affinities for β-lactams (mosaic PBPs), dual mechanisms for macrolide resistance (ErmB rRNA methylase and MefA/MsrD macrolide efflux system), clindamycin resistance (ErmB), cotrimoxazole resistance (altered FolA and FolP enzymes), and tetracycline resistance (TetM-mediated ribosome alteration) (Appendix 1).
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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68,248 |
Our data demonstrate the ability to acquire in vivo images of skull hydroxyapatite using 31P-ZTE MRI. They do not demonstrate that 31P signal is quantitatively related to bone density. Such a demonstration would require the use of several bone samples with different densities and comparison with gold standard methods for bone density measurement, which was beyond the scope of this work. However, previous studies on bone samples have demonstrated that solid-state 31P-MRI is as good as or better than dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in measuring bone mineral density by validation against chemical analysis . Our approach relying on 31P-ZTE, it can therefore be considered to be quantitative for skull attenuation correction, as opposed to the currently available methods such as atlas-based, template-based, or segmentation-based methods .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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70,989 |
(A) Direct sequence of PCR amplified KRT10 exon 6, showing the deletion, identified by a scrambled electropherogram from the patient (lower Panel) and the father’s samples (upper panel). (B). Bcl1 digestion analysis of the three family members, showing the presence of digested DNA only in the patient sample lane (lane 1). (C) 3D structure of the K1-K10 crystal structure (PDB id 4ZRY). Lateral chains of residues E445 and I446 in K10 are shown in licorice representation. (D) Close up view of the K1-K10 crystal in the proximity of the mutation. Inter-chain interactions are formed between L442, E445, I446 and Y449 in K10 with L475, E478, I479 and Y482 in K1 (lateral chains in licorice representation; mutated residues are highlighted with a larger bond dimension). (E) Snapshot of the dimer structure after 80 ns of Molecular Dynamics simulation. The rotation of the C-terminal region of the K10 helix is visible. Helix structures in the two proteins are conserved in the N-terminal region (Q447 in K10 and E478 in K19, while the respective C-terminal regions are highly disturbed.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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192,117 |
The projection mode is the side view, and the monomer in the hexon trimer displays the ribbon view (Figure 1B). The color range defined above was adopted for coloring the monomer. Highly conserved residues are shown in gray. Variable residues (variability index above 0.6) are shown in red. The evolutionary trajectory of the human adenovirus hexon shows the non-uniform distribution of the mutations. The conservative gray and blue sites with lower variability are concentrated at the bottom, and the highly variable red and yellow spots are concentrated on the top.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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177,195 |
Frailty is defined as a state of decreased physiologic reserve and diminished ability to recover from physiologic stressors . Functional capacity (FC) is a major component of frailty, a pivotal determinant of health and thought to be a reliable indicator of quality of life . Many transplant centres have incorporated FC level assessments to determine candidacy for transplant by using tools such as the Karnofsky Performance Status Scale (KPSS) or the Sickness Impact Profile . During and after medical illness or intervention, FC may decline significantly. Failure to recover places individuals at higher risk for complications reaching up to mortality .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
283,791 |
Fig. 3 compares spectrum Standard Deviation (SD) across the entire dataset with and without the high pass filter. The top panels show density plots by fricative. The /x/ fricative has a low SD. The distribution of SD for /f/ is bimodal, at least in the unfiltered data (top, left panel). The larger peak of the distribution is centered around 4,500 Hz. The smaller peak of the /f/ distribution overlaps with /x/. The effect of filtering on spectrum SD varies across token, as can be seen in the lower panel, which plots unfiltered SD (x-axis) against filtered SD (y-axis) by speaker. For some speakers, filtering has the effect of raising spectrum SD. This is most clear for S07 and, to a lessor degree, S01 and S03. Filtering energy at low frequencies can increase the imbalance in amplitude across the spectrum. However, some tokens show decreased SD with filtering. This is the tendency, in particular, for S09 and S10. Thus, unlike CoG, the effect that filtering has on SD is not uniform across speakers. It depends in part on the speaker-specific distribution of energy across the spectrum.Fig. 3Comparison of filtered and unfiltered spectrum Standard Deviation (SD) measurements. Top panels show kernel density plots of spectrum CoG by fricative; the bottom panel plots unfiltered SD(x-axis) against filtered SD(y-axis).Fig 3
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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272,734 |
Patients’ and the public’s role in and contribution to AMS was recognized by the learners. Value is placed on how the patient’s perspective can usefully calibrate and widen HCWs’ views on AMS to improve outcomes. A gap exists both in the active engagement of patients in decision-making to ameliorate demands for unregulated antibiotics and in greater awareness of their own infection care. Although much is written about engaging patients on IPC and AMS in policies and guidelines, a recent scoping review suggests that current infection-related patient participation measures are limited, emphasizing the many missed opportunities for patient engagement.43,44
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
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175,644 |
Magnesium is an enzymatic cofactor (Table 2) and its deficiency is associated with a lot of pathological issues (Table 2), including enclosed vertigo . Esposito et al. administered a combination of Griffonia simplicifolia/magnesium as a prophylaxis to treat childhood motion sickness, and demonstrated a better outcome vs. the control group. A possible application of magnesium is revealed by the demonstration of its effectiveness in the treatment of headaches and migraines, alongside vertigo/dizziness . It may also be used to treat vestibular migraines, because these patients reported lower magnesium levels . In patients with idiopathic sudden hearing loss, the treatment with magnesium reduced vertigo and vestibular damage . Magnesium has also been used in post-stapedectomy vertigo, alongside vitamin B2 and conventional migraine medication .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
44,699 |
HCs were recruited from the same geographic location via IRB-approved advertisement and completed the SCID-Non-Patient Edition to rule out Axis I conditions (First et al. 1995a, b). Additional exclusion criteria for HCs included a current or past psychiatric disorder (with the exception of one lifetime major depressive episode), head trauma with a loss of consciousness greater than 5 min, recent history of substance abuse or dependence, depression or antidepressant use within the past 6 months, lifetime antidepressant use of more than one year, and history of a psychotic disorder in a first-degree relative.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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360,297 |
NAC, in a dose-dependent manner, could improve the analgesic effect of APAP. While the AN 600 group’s antinociceptive potential was significantly higher than the AN 200 group in all the studied time points, the AN 400 group had significantly higher antinociceptive effects than the AN 200 group at 60 and 90 min time points, but not after 30 min of administration.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
202,309 |
For all patients, only POSH (HR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.77, 0.90, P < .001) provider visits completed within 7 days of hospital discharge were associated with a 17% lower risk of 30-day inpatient or observation readmission compared to no visit in the weighted models (Table 3). TPOSH provider visits were not associated with reductions in readmission risk for all patients (HR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.90, 1.05, P = .48). POSH provider visits were associated with 15% lower risk of 30-day readmission compared to TPOSH provider visits (HR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.79, 0.93, P < .01). Table 3Weighted models examining the effect of post-hospital follow-up provider visits completed within 7-days of discharge on all cause 30-day inpatient and observation stay readmission stratified by age, service line, and readmission riskAll patientsAge: 65+Age < 65n = 213,513n = 102,011n = 111,502CrudeHR (95%CI)WeightedHR (95%CI)CrudeHR (95%CI)WeightedHR (95%CI)CrudeHR (95%CI)WeightedHR (95%CI)All Patients POSH vs. no visit1.34 (1.3, 1.38)0.83 (0.77, 0.9)1.17 (1.12, 1.22)0.83 (0.76, 0.92)1.38 (1.31, 1.46)0.82 (0.71, 0.95) TPOSH vs. no visit1.85 (1.74, 1.95)0.97 (0.9, 1.05)1.51 (1.41, 1.62)0.94 (0.86, 1.03)2.10 (1.9, 2.32)1.04 (0.92, 1.19) nonPOSH vs. no visit1.37 (1.33, 1.41)1.05 (0.98, 1.13)1.15 (1.11, 1.2)1.08 (1.00, 1.18)1.59 (1.53, 1.66)0.98 (0.86, 1.12) POSH vs. TPOSH0.73 (0.68, 0.77)0.85 (0.79, 0.93)0.77 (0.72, 0.83)0.89 (0.8, 0.98)0.66 (0.59, 0.73)0.79 (0.68, 0.91)Medicine,n = 112,668 POSH vs. no visit0.91 (0.88, 0.95)0.79 (0.73, 0.86)0.85 (0.81, 0.89)0.81 (0.73, 0.89)0.95 (0.89, 1.01)0.75 (0.65, 0.88) TPOSH vs. no visit1.31 (1.23, 1.39)0.95 (0.87, 1.02)1.13 (1.05, 1.22)0.93 (0.85, 1.02)1.54 (1.38, 1.73)0.98 (0.85, 1.13) nonPOSH vs. no visit1.14 (1.09, 1.18)1.04 (0.96, 1.12)1.11 (1.05, 1.17)1.07 (0.98, 1.17)1.19 (1.12, 1.26)0.95 (0.82, 1.09) POSH vs. TPOSH0.7 (0.65, 0.74)0.84 (0.77, 0.91)0.75 (0.69, 0.80)0.87 (0.78, 0.96)0.61 (0.55, 0.69)0.77 (0.65, 0.9)LACE 11+ (High risk) POSH vs. no visit0.73 (0.69, 0.76)0.77 (0.71, 0.85)0.75 (0.71, 0.80)0.79 (0.71, 0.88)0.67 (0.62, 0.74)0.72 (0.61, 0.86) TPOSH vs. no visit0.92 (0.86, 0.99)0.91 (0.83, 0.99)0.94 (0.87, 1.03)0.92 (0.83, 1.02)0.87 (0.76, 1.00)0.87 (0.74, 1.03) nonPOSH vs. no visit0.99 (0.94, 1.04)1.01 (0.93, 1.09)1.04 (0.97, 1.11)1.05 (0.96, 1.16)0.89 (0.81, 0.97)0.90 (0.77, 1.05) POSH vs. TPOSH0.79 (0.74, 0.85)0.85 (0.77, 0.94)0.80 (0.74, 0.87)0.86 (0.77, 0.97)0.78 (0.68, 0.89)0.82 (0.69, 0.99)LACE < 11 (Medium/low risk) POSH vs. no visit0.87 (0.82, 0.93)0.84 (0.67, 1.05)0.83 (0.76, 0.91)0.86 (0.65, 1.15)0.86 (0.78, 0.95)0.79 (0.55, 1.13) TPOSH vs. no visit1.23 (1.06, 1.43)1.14 (0.94, 1.39)1.01 (0.83, 1.24)1.02 (0.78, 1.33)1.44 (1.15, 1.80)1.32 (0.98, 1.78) nonPOSH vs. no visit1.21 (1.14, 1.29)1.16 (0.96, 1.42)1.16 (1.06, 1.27)1.19 (0.92, 1.54)1.27 (1.17, 1.39)1.15 (0.85, 1.56) POSH vs. TPOSH0.71 (0.61, 0.82)0.73 (0.58, 0.92)0.82 (0.67, 1.01)0.85 (0.63, 1.14)0.59 (0.47, 0.75)0.60 (0.42, 0.85)All Surgicaln = 100,845 POSH vs. no visit1.35 (1.24, 1.46)1.01 (0.8, 1.28)1.21 (1.08, 1.35)0.93 (0.69, 1.25)1.34 (1.19, 1.51)1.11 (0.76, 1.63) TPOSH vs. no visit1.68 (1.43, 1.96)1.17 (0.94, 1.45)1.48 (1.20, 1.83)1.05 (0.79, 1.39)1.68 (1.31, 2.15)1.34 (0.94, 1.89) nonPOSH vs. no visit1.65 (1.57, 1.73)1.07 (0.86, 1.34)1.17 (1.08, 1.27)1.01 (0.76, 1.36)1.93 (1.82, 2.05)1.18 (0.83, 1.67) POSH vs. TPOSH0.81 (0.68, 0.96)0.87 (0.68, 1.10)0.82 (0.65, 1.02)0.89 (0.66, 1.20)0.80 (0.61, 1.05)0.83 (0.57, 1.21)LACE 11+ (High risk) POSH vs. no visit0.73 (0.64, 0.84)0.77 (0.56, 1.07)0.75 (0.63, 0.89)0.80 (0.54, 1.16)0.72 (0.58, 0.89)0.72 (0.39, 1.32) TPOSH vs. no visit1.11 (0.88, 1.38)1.1 (0.82, 1.47)1.12 (0.84, 1.48)1.05 (0.74, 1.49)1.11 (0.76, 1.62)1.20 (0.71, 2.03) nonPOSH vs. no visit0.95 (0.84, 1.06)0.95 (0.7, 1.29)0.93 (0.8, 1.09)0.97 (0.67, 1.41)0.95 (0.80, 1.13)0.90 (0.52, 1.55) POSH vs. TPOSH0.66 (0.53, 0.84)0.7 (0.51, 0.97)0.67 (0.50, 0.90)0.76 (0.51, 1.12)0.64 (0.44, 0.95)0.60 (0.33, 1.07)LACE < 11 (Medium/low risk) POSH vs. no visit1.21 (1.08, 1.36)1.36 (0.96, 1.92)1.21 (1.02, 1.43)1.24 (0.76, 2.03)1.14 (0.97, 1.34)1.43 (0.87, 2.37) TPOSH vs. no visit1.3 (1.03, 1.65)1.28 (0.91, 1.80)1.22 (0.88, 1.70)1.17 (0.72, 1.88)1.27 (0.9, 1.80)1.37 (0.84, 2.22) nonPOSH vs. no visit1.75 (1.66, 1.85)1.30 (0.92, 1.82)1.20 (1.09, 1.33)1.17 (0.72, 1.92)2.02 (1.9, 2.15)1.42 (0.89, 2.27) POSH vs. TPOSH0.93 (0.72, 1.21)1.06 (0.75, 1.49)0.99 (0.69, 1.41)1.07 (0.67, 1.70)0.90 (0.62, 1.31)1.05 (0.64, 1.73)Values are presented as hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervalsPOSH Post-hospital follow-up clinic visit, TPOSH Telephone post-hospital follow-up visit, nonPOSH Visit not related to post-hospital follow-up, LACE Length of stay; Acuity of admission; Co-morbidities; Emergency visits in previous 6 monthsMatching weights were used, based on multinomial propensity score models that included age, gender, race/ethnicity, being partnered, no-show history in the last 12 months, receipt of medical financial assistance in the year prior to admission (a marker of social risk), frailty category, risk for readmission or early death (LACE category), severity of hospitalization (LAPS2), service line (medicine vs. surgical), functional status (non-ambulatory, ambulatory with assistance, or ambulatory) and fall risk (Schmid score of 3+) within 24 h of discharge; disposition (home vs. home health), and hospital site
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
266,974 |
Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death worldwide, and acute ischaemic stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in modern society (Mittal and Goel 2017; Shah et al. 2017; Poustchi et al. 2021). When ischaemic stroke occurs, cerebral inflammation and cell death are induced in the affected region, and deterioration of mitochondrial functions is activated by harmful stimuli such as brain arterial ischaemia and reperfusion (Sims and Muyderman 2010).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
275,626 |
1. The documents we received do not contain any information describing the study population or the distributions of the analyzed variables. The Table 1 mentioned in the text is unfortunately not included in the supplementary material. The absence of this information also means that points 13,14 and 15 of the STROBE statement are not fulfilled. Could the authors please add this information?
| 1 | 2other
| 2Review
|
138,375 |
All studies were independently evaluated by at least two investigators (P.D. and R.J. or M.K.). The tool was piloted with three studies to compare findings and discuss utility of the tool before the evaluation of all studies was undertaken. Inter-rater agreement scores for risk of bias were calculated as kappa statistics and percentage of agreement using SPSS for Windows (SPSS INC. V26, Chicago, IL.). Data were independently extracted from articles by two investigators (P.D. and K.C.). Any disagreements were resolved through discussion, or if required through a third reviewer. A standardised tool including key study characteristics and methodological rigor was used for data extraction (see Additional file 3).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
242,725 |
Results from multiple regressions (Table 8) further show that the search for meaning predicts costly prosociality when controlling for Agreeableness, Open-mindedness, and demographic variables (βs = .19–.28, ps < .009). Regarding other variables, the regressions unexpectedly revealed that Agreeableness was only significantly positively related to one of the costly prosociality measures, and that Open-mindedness was significantly negatively related to costly prosociality. Being female predicted the high- and low-cost prosociality subscales, being socially conservative significantly predicted willingness to donate a kidney, and age was negatively associated with self-sacrifice (footbridge).
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
|
372,225 |
Remote NAION group: Patients with a history of sudden, painless visual loss in one or both eyes >6 months before enrollment, and previous optic disc swelling and/or superficial hemorrhage typical of NAION that had resolved at the time of the study. Patients having or suspected of having an ocular or neurologic disease other than NAION, including but not limited to suspected glaucoma, acute NAION, arteritic AION, and inflammatory optic neuritis were excluded from this study. The data from healthy fellow eyes of these patients were also analyzed separately from the control group.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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82,324 |
EBs were dissociated with 500 μl Accutase solution (Sigma). After washing with PBS, the single cells were stained with fixable viability dye APC-eF780 (eBioscience), anti-CD309 (FLK-1/VEGFR2)-PE (BioLegend), and anti-mouse CD45.2 PerCP-Cyanine5.5 (eBioscience). Alternatively, cells were fixed, permeabilized, and blocked with mouse IgG before staining with PE-conjugated anti-mouse Brachyury antibody (R&D Systems) and corresponding PE-conjugated goat IgG isotype control (R&D Systems). Erythroid cells obtained from ESCs cocultured with OP9 cells were collected from the supernatant, washed with PBS, and stained with fixable viability dye APC-eF780, anti-CD71-APC (eBioscience), and anti-Ter119-PE (eBioscience). Undifferentiated ESCs were trypsinized, washed with PBS, and stained with viability dye APC-eF780, anti-SSEA1-V450 (clone MC480; BD Biosciences), and anti-SSEA4-PE (eBioMC-813-70; eBioscience). For cell cycle analysis, EBs were stained with anti-CD309-PE as described above. Subsequently, cells were washed with PBS and permeabilized in 100 μl Cytofix/Cytperm (BD Biosciences). Cells were stained with anti-Ki-67-APC (clone 16A8; BioLegend) overnight. Hoechst 33342 (ImmunoChemistry Technologies) was added immediately before FACS analysis. Flow cytometry was performed with a FACSFortessa (Becton Dickinson), and for data analysis, the FACS Diva software (Becton Dickinson) or FlowJo® was used.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
296,408 |
AFM imaging of kinetically trapped kinked DNA. a High-resolution AFM topography image in air of pUC19 DNA on the uniform GA/HOPG film. Bending undulations are shown by white arrows and kink sites are marked by black circles. The scan size is 180 nm, and the sampling resolution is 0.18 nm/pixel. The two insets on the right are EM images of kinked doubly gapped mini-circles, reproduced with the same scale from ref11 licensed under CC BY-NC 3.0. b The profile drawn across DNA along the green line b in (a). c–f Zooms of rectangular areas c to f in (a). g The longitudinal DNA profile drawn along the dashed line between points g1 and g2 in (a). h The histogram of the distribution of segment lengths between adjacent height minima in the longitudinal profiles. i, j Visual comparison of the low and large scale behavior of (i) the smooth freely equilibrated pUC19 DNA conformations on mica and (j) the undulated “projected” conformations on GA/HOPG. The inset in the top-right corner of Fig. 1j shows the melting bubble. The size of scans is 550 nm (i) and 460 nm (j). k Experimental dependences of mean-square end-to-end distance 〈R2(L)〉 as a function of the segment length for DNA adsorbed on GA/HOPG (lower branch) and on mica (upper branch). The red and green solid lines are theoretical dependences for the DNA with the persistence length P = 53 nm plotted for the 2D freely equilibrated and projected conformations, respectively, in accordance with relationships in ref 17. l The direct optical visualization of single fluorescently labeled lambda-DNA coils in a bulk solution and adsorbed on mica and GA-HOPG
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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339,123 |
A major strength of this study is that we separated data collection for the dependent (clicking behavior) and the independent (personal and organizational) variables. This is one of the few studies in information security literature that observed the compliance behavior rather than using self-reported data. This approach enabled us to obtain more reliable outcomes, given that self-reports may differ based on perception and mood, among others. We hope that our findings motivate the information security community to improve current training programs and design effective interventions to increase information security compliance.
| 1 | 2other
| 0Study
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343,029 |
The most frequent toxin profile was tcdA+, tcdB+, cdtAˉ, cdtBˉ (82.2%), and only one isolate harboured all toxin associated genes (tcdA+, tcdB+, cdtA+, cdtB+) (2.2%). The genes encoding binary toxin were also found in six (13.3%) strains. Only one strain carried both cdtA and cdtB genes (2.2%). Resistance to tetracycline, clindamycin and moxifloxacin was observed in 30 (66.7%), 27 (60%) and 19 (42.2%) isolates, respectively. Metronidazole, vancomycin and chloramphenicol resistance was not seen amongst the isolates. The distribution of the ermB gene was 57.8% and the ermA and ermC genes were not detected. The tetM and tetW genes were found in 62.2% and 13.3%, respectively. Other resistance-related genes including nim and catD were not observed in any of the isolates. Sequencing analysis of gyrA and gyrB revealed that the substitution of Thr82 to Ile in GyrA was the major amino acid change in the resistant strains (15/19). Also, substitution of Asp426 to Asn in GyrB was responsible for resistance to other moxifloxacin resistant isolates (4/19). Our data indicated notable virulence and antibiotic resistance traits amongst the isolates. Therefore, infection control strategies should be performed in order to curb the colonization and dissemination of C. difficile strains in hospital.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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125,842 |
This cross-cultural study compared the mental and physical health status and the psychological impact between Spanish and Chinese people. The recruitment period was from February 28 to March 1, 2020, in China, a month after the Chinese government declared a lockdown of Wuhan. For Spain, data collection was from April 14 to 18, 2020, a month after the Spanish government declared the state of alarm. A snowball sampling strategy was utilized to recruit participants from the general public in Spain and China. Recruitment started with a set of initial respondents who were associated with the Huaibei Normal University of China and the Complutense University of Madrid, who referred other participants by email and social networks including colleagues, relatives, classmates, and friends. These individuals, in turn, referred other participants across different cities in China and Spain. Inclusion criteria restricted participation to respondents who could provide online written consent, had access to the internet, and were above 18 years of age. Exclusion criteria included respondents who were illiterate or had no access to the internet.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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254,111 |
For mutation profiling, we sequenced 27 pairs of AITL or PTCL-NOS samples using a 537-gene targeted NGS panel that covered recurrently mutated genes associated with T-cell lymphomas (Fiore et al., 2020b). Of the genomic regions targeted by the panel, 90% had a coverage depth of >1000. Those sequenced samples included 27 diagnostic LN specimens from patients with AITL (n = 25) or PTCL-NOS (n = 2) and their corresponding BM (n = 21) or PB samples (n = 6) from our archived specimens (hereafter denoted as AITL/PTCL-NOS). The overall genomic and pathological findings showed that of the 27 BM/PB samples, 10 had no detectable involvement by AITL or PTCL-NOS (37%), while 17 were involved by the neoplastic T-cells (63%) of variable abundance (Supplementary file 1). One BM sample showed concomitant diagnostic involvement by an MPN (patient #20) (Supplementary file 1).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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325,822 |
In this study, a new polysaccharide (HPP) was first isolated from polyporus total polysaccharide, which was proven to have an α-(1 → 4)-linked D-galactan backbone. We further examined whether HPP could regulate macrophage polarization in the microenvironment of bladder cancer and thereby exert anticancer effects through the NF-κB and NLRP3 pathways.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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136,087 |
The total sample included 42% PD-MCI patients. Overall, 18% of PD patients (PD-NC and PD-MCI) showed arithmetic errors in at least one of the two financial items. PD-MCI patients showed 1 or 2 errors more frequently (26.2%) than PD-NC patients (12.1%), however, this difference did not reach significance, p^″ = 1.74, p = 0.09. For the Aβ42 groups, 16.0% of positive and 20.0% of negative patients showed arithmetic errors; this was not statistically significant χ2(1) = 0.27, p = 0.60.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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375,856 |
Struwe wondered if supplements and appendices referred to the ones formally published and listed in the publication as “appendix 1”, “supplement this” etc. They could be considered a part of the formal publication, but links in the materials and methods to an external supplement somewhere should not. She suggested amending the proposal to say formally linked supplements and appendices within the publication were effectively published.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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220,020 |
The 1930s and 1940s saw a few infrequent publications on phenomena related to mediated generalization (Cofer & Foley, 1942; Peters, 1935). By the early 1950s, however, several research groups working within various strains of behaviorism picked up the Shipley-Lumsdaine paradigm, and the number of publications on the topic increased. As Shipley, these researchers conceptualized behavior as elicited by stimuli, but the language and procedures of classical conditioning were no longer used. Studies did not focus on the pairing of stimuli and the effect this had on elicited responses, but rather emphasized the pairing of or association between stimuli and responses. In addition, stimuli and responses involved in experiments were now mostly verbal, considerably different from the stimuli and responses in Shipley (1935) and from those typically associated with classical conditioning procedures in general.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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261,430 |
UbcCreERT2; Fbxw7f/f male mice were crossed with Fbxw7f/f female mice (all mice were on C57Bl/6 background). To induce deletion of Fbxw7, nursing dams were intraperitoneally injected with 4-Hydroxy-Tamoxifen from postnatal days 2 to 6 (P2–P6)62. Male 12-weeks-old mice were sacrificed, soft tissue was removed and femur was analyzed at the UCSF CCMBM Skeletal Biology and Biomechanics Core for changes in 3-dimension structural parameters.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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216,391 |
It has been shown that Qki depletion in oligodendrocyte lineage exhibits ultrastructural paranodal defects caused by reduced expression of neurofascin 155, an axoglial junctional protein (Darbelli et al., 2016). Additionally, myelin-specific lipid called galactolipids (GalC) has been studies to be essential for proper CNS node formation (Dupree et al., 1998), implying the importance of myelin lipid in node formation. Our study further sheds light on the understanding of the importance of myelin lipid metabolism (particularly cholesterol) regulated by Qki for proper myelination and formation of node of Ranvier.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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234,533 |
Seddaoui and Saaj (2019) introduced the CFSR system first, but there is limited literature on its dynamic modeling. This tutorial aims at explaining the complex dynamics of CFSR, through a systematic mathematical formulation, at a high level of granularity. The details of path planning and robust control of CFSR are outside this article’s scope; details are available in Seddaoui (2020). A comparison between the existing modes of operation and the CFSR is required before any derivation. Figure 1 shows a comparison between the two main existing modes of operation, that is, free-flying and free-floating, as well as their subcategories introduced by Wilde et al. (2018) against the CFSR.
| 2 | 2other
| 1Other
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206,388 |
Numbers in parentheses denote original values from the SAMPL2 paper where equilibrium constants have been transformed to reaction Gibbs energies, whereas we here show metrics relative to reference Gibbs energies from the SAMPL2 overview paper . Structures are provided as Online Resource 6; calculated data, also split into separate components, as Online Resource 7
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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39,818 |
Total RNA was isolated using Trizol reagent (Invitrogen, USA). Total RNA (2 μg) was used for the synthesis of first-strand cDNA using M-MLV reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen, China). Quantitative real-time PCR was performed using the SYBR green mix (Applied Biosystems, USA). The reactions were performed with a 7900 Fast Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems, USA). The data were displayed as 2–ΔCt values and were representative of at least three independent experiments. Specific primers for the amplification of target genes and β-actin, a housekeeping gene, are listed in Supplementary Table 1.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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95,649 |
One likely explanation for the trend is the interaction between fauna sampled with eDNA and the kinds of habitat that are more common near urban settlements. Our study design attempted to sample identical habitats across all sites; however, there may be unobserved differences in habitats. For example, our results may reflect an increase in availability of muddy habitats associated with urbanization, and a concomitant increase in richness within those habitat patches.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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296,358 |
For strawberry, 17 distillates and 17 fresh strawberry samples were analysed (Figure 2). For the selected 11 aroma compounds, δ13C values ranged between −47.0‰ ((E)-2-hexenal in fruit) and −26.0‰ (2-methylbutyl acetate in distillate). In this case, the Mann-Whitney U test revealed statistically significant differences for (E)-2-hexanal, (−30.5‰; −33.6‰), acetone (−42.1‰; −37.7‰) and ethyl butyrate (−31.4‰; −29.7‰) between fruit samples and distillates, respectively.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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53,296 |
Of the 86 webpages analyzed, 4 (4.7%) were from universities, 5 (5.8%) were from government organizations, 38 (44.2%) were from not-for-profit organizations, and the remaining 39 (45.3%) were from commercial organizations. The majority of the commercial webpages (33.7%) were content providers; that is, webpages that provide information on health-related topics alongside paid advertising and sponsored content. The website webMD.com is a prime example of such a webpage. The remaining commercial webpages (11.6%) were product promoters; that is, webpages that promote products or services for a particular brand or company. For instance, included among these were webpages promoting Dr. Perlmutter’s books on the alleged benefits of grain-free diets.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
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68,208 |
HeLa cell lines were obtained from ATCC, and HeLa cells conditionally expressing CFP-tagged Huntingtin with polyQ repeats were from A. Yamamoto (Columbia University). The HEK293 cell line stably expressing APP (APP-HEK293 cells) was generated by recombinant adenovirus encoding WT human APP under the control of the CMV promoter. Cells were cultured in DMEM medium (Gibco, 11995073) supplemented with 10% FBS. Tetracycline-free FBS was used for HeLa cells stably expressing Huntingtin (Takara Bio USA, 631107), and regular FBS was used for all other cells (HyClone, SH30070.03HI).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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135,616 |
Alkaloids refer to a class of natural compounds that have one or more nitrogen atoms in the heterocyclic ring. Alkaloids can be produced in many species of plants, especially flowering plants, in the form of organic acids, esters, or binding with sugars and tannins rather than free bases. Totally, 19 natural alkaloids were found to exert neuroprotection after searching the research of the past 10 years, including berberine [74, 92, 405–409], boldine , capsaicin [47, 411], dihydrocapsaicin [44, 412–414], harmine , higenamine , neferine , nicotine , levo-tetrahydropalmatine , oxymatrine [83, 418], oxysophoridine , piperine , rhynchophylline , sinomenine [87, 422, 423], solasodine , sophoridine [425, 426], tetrandrine , trigonelline , and vinpocetine [93, 429]. Their neuroprotective mechanisms are explained in Table 8, and the chemical structures of the extensively studied alkaloids are shown in Table 7.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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247,228 |
AD, PD, and HD are highly prevalent neurodegenerative diseases , while MS is a non-traumatic, neuroinflammatory, and neurodegenerative disease affecting young adults . VD and FTD are forms of dementia, which is a degenerative disease primarily characterized by intellectual and cognitive impairment . ALS is a neurodegenerative disease with varying degrees of impairment of motor function and cognitive profile . To date, numerous therapeutic approaches have been developed to relieve clinical symptoms in these diseases. However, non-motor dysfunctions respond poorly to conventional therapeutics and affect the quality of life (QOL) of the patients . As a result, there is a need for improvement in the existing treatments or the development of entirely new strategies. The hippocampus has been the focus of neuroplasticity research for common neurodegenerative diseases, including AD, PD, HD, MS, VD, FTD, and ALS since it is a principal brain region for cognitive and emotional functions . Several reviews have already explored the involvement of functional or synaptic plasticity of the hippocampus in neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, in this review, we primarily focused on the role of structural plasticity of the hippocampus in neurodegenerative diseases.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
161,712 |
ASA is readily available worldwide. It has been used for decades for the treatment of pain and in more recent years to prevent heart diseases as well as pre-eclampsia (2, 21). In this study, we assessed how ASA use modifies the T cell immune response. We observed that six weeks of ASA treatment decreased T cell immune activation in HIV negative women.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
243,505 |
The observations of different crack trajectories and almost identical strength values, which is observed here for samples with different interface strengths, is in agreement with lab test results . There, different participation of the interface failure was detected for two groups of samples tested under monotonic and cyclic wedge splitting. However, the average strength values for both groups were similar. Apart from the global strength, the interface strength is to influence the fracture energy. The correlation of the fracture energy and the interface strength is to have the maximum. DEM modelling may be used to find the optimum enabling best combination of the global strength and the fracture energy.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
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20,216 |
Here we present data for boot socks positive by either PCR or culture. The ability to culture Campylobacter or to detect it by PCR is affected by the loading of Campylobacter in the environment. Campylobacter can be detected by these methods only if a high enough level of the pathogen is present. PCR is the more-sensitive method, and more of our boot socks were positive by PCR than by culture (90.9% versus 72.9%). When a sample is positive by PCR only, the finding suggests that the bacteria may be present in low numbers, dead, stressed, or in what is known as a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state. In the NW, similar percentages of boot socks were found positive by the PCR and culture methods. In EA, far more boot socks were positive by PCR than by culture. This suggests that the Campylobacter bacteria found in EA may be present only in low numbers or may be in a VBNC state. There is, however, some evidence that bacteria in a VBNC state can still be infectious to humans and pose a public health risk (18). Some boot socks were found to be positive by culture but negative by PCR. This could be due to a carryover of potential inhibitors during the Chelex extraction that inhibited the PCR assay, an unusual situation but one that can occur when there are low numbers of pathogen.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
237,137 |
Finally, for both species, we inspected random effects by plotting the pattern of individual lines with respect to sampling days. The visual inspection of random effects should provide indications as to whether the pattern of FCM variation over time is consistent among individual samples.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
103,369 |
We determined the sample size based on an improvement of the predictive value of PCH by 20%, with a power of 80% and an alpha of .05. For that we would need 85 “cases” in both regions. Based on a 10% cumulative incidence of problems until age 18 months, 70% of parents agreeing to participate and out of these 70% providing complete cases, we would need 1,750 participants in each of both regions.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
397,632 |
New (unplanned) anti-lymphoma treatment (including systemic new anti-lymphoma treatment, radiotherapy, or surgical procedure) was received by 113 patients (53 and 60 in the G-CHOP and R-CHOP arms, respectively) prior to disease progression and by 261 patients (122 and 139 in the G-CHOP and R-CHOP arm, respectively) after disease progression.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
219,255 |
Sinapic acid, β-sitosteryl ≥70% (major impurities: campesterol and β-sitostanol), 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH, 95%), potassium persulfate, vanilin, acetic anhydride, 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP), dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid Trolox (TE), Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, potassium carbonate, and p-anisidine were obtained from Merck (Warszawa, Poland). Methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, chloroform, n-hexane, anhydrous sodium carbonate, potassium iodine, starch, chloroform, acetic acid, and hydrochloric acid were provided by Chempur (Piekary Śląskie, Poland). TLC plates with fluorescent indicator UV254, trade name ALUGRAM® SIL G/UV254 (Macherey-Nagel, Germany) and silica gel (pore size 60Å, Kieselgel, Macherey-Nagel, Germany) were purchased from Alchem (Toruń, Poland). Redistilled water was applied for preparation of all solutions.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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182,751 |
The autoantibody levels of anti-dsDNA and ANA were both significantly increased in TG mice than in WT mice treated with pristane30. The glomerulonephritis was also more severe in TG mice, as shown by the deposition of immunoglobulins and complements determined by immunofluorescence.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
125,999 |
There were no significant differences in peer PPT behavior within species across data sets using the same apparatus type, even those collected years apart. This is remarkable for behavioral traits that may vary with ambient conditions (Crabbe et al., 1999). Many studies, including our earlier work, use a branched apparatus for PPTs; direct comparisons of behavior across the apparatuses revealed significant effects of apparatus type, with reduced time huddling and increased time in the empty central chamber. In the linear apparatus, the focal vole is less separated from conspecific voles in the empty chamber, which may contribute to increased huddling. These differences led us to include only studies using the linear apparatus in the comparative data set. However, despite apparatus effects on huddling times, the relative extent of partner preference (i.e., partner/total huddling) did not differ across apparatus types. Instead, the existence and extent of this preference appears to be a robust, characteristic behavior suitable for comparison across species or populations, even when testing details are varied.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
296,224 |
It has been shown by our groups that [Cr(phen)2(dppz)]3+ and related complexes bind strongly to double-stranded DNA and that this is accompanied by the quenching of the emission of the Cr-complex, which is consistent with its excited state being capable of oxidizing guanine.32−37 It was also found that the luminescence of [Cr(phen)2(dppz)]3+ is dynamically quenched by 5′-guanosine monophosphate (GMP) with a rate constant close to that of diffusion control, while 5′-adenosine monophosphate (AMP) was almost 3 orders of magnitude less effective.34 Though the behavior with GMP is entirely consistent with quenching via electron transfer, no evidence of the reduced complex could be found using nanosecond flash photolysis,33,34 suggesting that the back reaction with the oxidized GMP must also be very fast.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
148,643 |
The ground scanning method must be as continuous as possible during navigation. This means that the hand is the best location for the sensor to be embedded. This constraint requires that the related sensor must be fully integrated with a small size and weight.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
22,769 |
Common stigma beliefs include that those with mental illness are dangerous (14), will not recover, and that their mental illness is their own fault (15). These types of beliefs can result in an assortment of negative consequences for those with mental illness such as low employment rates, poor and unsafe housing, as well as a reduction in the utilization of mental health care (7, 15–17). Further, we know that those who hold negative stigma beliefs may also have negative outcomes including the avoidance of treatment and poorer mental health (18–21). Mental health stigma among African American (22) and Latino college students (23) is related to negative attitudes about treatment. This study, therefore, seeks to examine what beliefs are related to mental health stigma and may play a role in the development of stigma for African American and Latino college students. By understanding the attitudes and beliefs that may influence stigma, we can begin to ameliorate the negative consequences for vulnerable populations. The goal of this study is to examine potential underlying beliefs related to stigma concerning those with mental illness and mental health treatment among Latino and African American college students in an effort to understand ways to reduce that stigma and in turn increase utilization.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
55,954 |
Lastly, this type of pathway analysis visualization is applicable for SNPs data originating from different types of studies (e.g., EWAS and sequencing data), but it can also support the interpretation of specific phenomena such as epistasis or gene–gene interaction. Epistasis is yet another manner in which connections within a pathway are different in different individuals, where two alleles mapping to different loci associate in concert with a phenotype, but where those two alleles individually show no phenotype association (Wei et al., 2014; De et al., 2015). Consider, for example, that pathway endpoints are a phenotype, clinical indicator of health or disease status, or disease itself. Then, the epistatic relationships can be indicated by epistatic- or “e-edges” that serve to connect distinct pathways or different nodes within a single pathway in this conditional relationship. The pathways linked by such “e-edges” would give support to co-function and/or co-regulation with regard to the given phenotype of interest. In addition, the nodes within the GWAS-identified pathways, i.e., the main effect associations, can be used to focus the genetic landscape in the search for epistatic relationships as opposed to searching for epistasis across the entire genome.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
204,594 |
In this article, we have summarised the effect of COVID-19 in patients with schizophrenia, and the potential mechanisms which may underly poor COVID-19 prognosis in people with schizophrenia. The current evidence suggests that people with schizophrenia may be at increased risk of mortality and morbidity from COVID-19. Although this reduced life expectancy was thought to be due to coexisting comorbidities such as CVD, DM and hypertension, all these studies have adjusted for the aforementioned comorbid conditions, as well as other prognostic factors such as age, sex and race. This suggests that schizophrenia “per-se” may have an inherent pathophysiological association with COVID-19. Although the exact mechanisms of the poor prognosis is yet to be fully elucidated, there are tentative clues which suggest that this is likely to be multifactorial due to the syndromic nature of schizophrenia (Figure 1). However, a closer look at the data suggests a more complex picture, as the majority of studies did not factor in various other relevant social determinants such as deprivation, poverty and homelessness, all of which are more common in people with schizophrenia, and are also associated with worse outcomes in COVID-19. Therefore, thoughtful assessment of the various factors that contribute to poor COVID-19 prognosis in people with schizophrenia will be crucial to improved patient care.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
148,310 |
Taken together, these remarkable studies have highlighted diverse applications of multiplexed optogenetic circuits based on a two-component system to spatiotemporally control multigene expression in E. coli. However, the two-component system involves chromophore incorporation, conformational rearrangement, phosphosignaling, and phosphotransfer to its response regulator. This signaling process may require longer time to reach its steady state, need to additionally express chromophore genes, limit the number of regulated genes cloned in circuits, and consume cellular resources (Batchelor and Goulian, 2006; Fernandez-Rodriguez et al., 2017; Liu et al., 2018). To overcome these issues, a number of studies have combined photoreceptors from both one- and two-component systems in their multiplexed optogenetic circuits.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
60,169 |
The effects of dietary ASI complex supplementation on expressions of the calcium transporters and tight junction proteins are shown in Fig 2. Hens supplemented with the ASI complex had greater expressions of CaBP-D28k (1.75-fold), OCLN (1.73-fold), ZO-1 (1.66-fold), NCX1 (1.80-fold), PMCA1 (1.87-fold), and VDR (1.71-fold) than hens not supplemented with the ASI complex (P < 0.0001 for all). Moreover, their expressions linearly increased up to 84 to 107% as the ASI complex supplementation was provided at 1000 mg/kg feed (P < 0.0001 for all).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
367,157 |
\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${{\,\mathrm{Id}\,}}$$\end{document}Id is the identity on \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\omega $$\end{document}ω, i.e., if and only if \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$x=y$$\end{document}x=y.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
320,565 |
Where R is the resistance of the channel, n is the number of droplets inside the channel, and Rd is the single droplet resistance. The value of Rd has been studied in several reports and is dependent of several factors such as the viscosity of the dispersed phase and the continuous phase, and the length of the droplet, as well as the geometry of the microchannel (see below). Considering these parameters today we can generate microdroplets for amyloid aggregation in micro/nanodroplets in a controlled space.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
53,081 |
Although adrenal cancers have a low prevalence of RAS/RAF family mutations,41 poor overall survival in adrenocortical carcinoma patients has been correlated with MAPK pathway activity based on a recently developed 100-gene MAPK transcriptional signature.24 Likewise, despite the low prevalence of RAS/RAF family mutations in breast cancer, MAPK signaling is thought to be active in some breast cancer subtypes, e.g., triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), due to KRAS or BRAF amplification.42 In addition, a recent study showed that a significant fraction of HER2+ cell lines are dependent on MAPK signaling for proliferation and survival.43 We therefore assessed whether MPAS is prognostic in these indications in which the activation state of the MAPK pathway seems to be independent of RAS/RAF mutational status.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
111,766 |
(A) MDAMB-231 cells were transfected with control or Beclin-1 siRNA and then treated with BME (2%, v/v). Cell lysates were subjected to Western blot analysis using Beclin1 (60KDa) and LC3B antibodies. The blot was reprobed with an antibody to actin for comparison of protein load. Densitometry analyses was performed using Image J software and shown on the right. Data are represented as mean ± SD from three different experiments. Small bar indicates standard error (**, p<0.01). (B) Control or Beclin-1 siRNA transfected and BME treated MDAMB-231 cells were fixed, and examined for LC3B puncta as described in Figure 1. The GFP (green) tag is acid-sensitive and suggesting no lysosomal fusion. Bar chart represents the quantitation of autophagic cells with LC3B puncta. Data are represented as mean ± SD. Small bar indicates standard error (**, p<0.01).
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
95,819 |
MRT is a rare neoplasm that occurs mainly in the kidney in children less than 1 year of age, with an aggressive clinical course . Some cases with histologic appearance similar to that arising in the kidney have been described in virtually every extrarenal anatomic site, including soft tissue, retroperitoneum, mediastinum, orbit, gastrointestinal system, uterus, and most prominently the CNS, where they are referred to as atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT) . As a distinct and unique type of malignant tumor, MRT has the characteristic appearance of patternless sheets of noncohesive cells with abundant cytoplasm and eosinophilic inclusions, as well as specific molecular aberrations involving SMARCB1 (hSNF5/INI1), which can be identified by a lack of staining with INI1 immunohistochemically. Fewer than 10 cases of MRTs are reported in adult patients in the English-language literature [8, 9], and only one case of MRT in the native kidney in an adult patient following kidney transplantation was reported . In the present study, the mass in the transplanted kidney was diagnosed as MRT based on the histopathological features and immunohistochemical findings.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
238,603 |
In order to determine the reason for decreased growth with pUR4 but not with R1R2, we evaluated both fibronectin and collagen in MDA-MB-231 tumors. Staining of tumors from mice treated with pUR4 showed a decrease in both fibronectin and collagen (Fig. 6A) that was confirmed by western blots (Fig. 6B), while staining of tumors from mice treated with R1R2 or Western blots failed to show a decrease in collagen I (Fig. 6A-B).Fig. 6Histology of pUR4-treated tumors confirms changes in matrix and reveals a decrease in proliferation. (A) Stained tumor sections show a decrease in fibronectin and collagen in pUR4-treated animals and no changes in R1R2-treated animals. Bars represent 100 μm. (B) Western blots from the tumors confirm a decrease in fibronectin and collagen with pUR4 treatment, but collagen I did not decrease with R1R2 therapy. N=4/4/4/4 replicates/treatment. Relevant pairs were evaluated by t-tests. *P<0.05. (C) Proliferation was diminished after treatment with pUR4. Sections were stained for Ki67. Bars represent 100 μm. N=9/9/9/9. Pairs were evaluated by t-tests. **P<0.01. (D) Apoptosis was not affected in vivo by the various treatments. Sections were stained for TUNEL. Examples are shown. Bars represent 100 μm. N=9/9/9/9. Pairs were evaluated by t-tests. (E) Evaluation of blood vessels shows a decrease in area of CD31+ vessels with pUR4 treatment as well as the number of CD31+αSMA+ or CD31+desmin+ double positive vessels (adjusted to the area). Sections from representative tumors with bars representing 100μm. These are intratibial tumors from mice treated for 10 days with the peptides. N=12/12/11/12 for CD31 alone or with α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) and 11/10/7/7 for staining with desmin. Pairs were compared by t-test. *P<0.05, ****P<0.0001.Fig 6
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
246,085 |
To evaluate the prediction performance of BC-specific RGEP, we first deconvoluted the simulated BC bulk gene expression samples using LinDeconSeq (8), and observed very high consistency (r = 1, P-value < 1 × 10-30) ( Figure 2A , see Materials and Methods). To obtain realistic datasets, we extracted BC scRNA-Seq data (40 BC patients, seven broad cell types, and their proportions/patient were known in advance) from a previously published study (20) (Bassez et al.’s data, see Supplementary Table S1 ). Here again, the deconvolution showed a significantly high correlation (r = 0.91, P-value < 2.1 × 10-19) between predicted and the true proportions ( Figure 2B ). As a proof of principle, we tested another RGEP (called “HNSCC-RGEP”) (14) generated from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and found that our BC-specific RGEP made the predictions closer to the true proportions (i.e., higher correlation and lower RMSE) ( Figure 2C ). A similar trend was also observed in the GSE75688 scRNA-Seq dataset (27) ( Supplementary Figures 2A, B and Supplementary Table S1 ). These results indicate that our BC-specific RGEP can accurately predict the cellular compositions in BC-TME, and with better predictive performance compared to other non-specific references (even generated from different tissues like HNSCC).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
247,615 |
Starting cell lines of P. aeruginosa PA14 mutS::Tn and S. enterica LT2 ∆mutS were streaked out on LB plates, and six randomly selected colonies were used to inoculate starting cultures (Fig. 1). After 10.5 h of growth, P. aeruginosa strong bottleneck (SBN) and weak bottleneck (WBN) cultures were diluted to 1 and 100 cells per 100 μl, respectively, and S. enterica cultures were diluted to 1 (SBN) and 250 (WBN) cells per 100 μl (see Supplementary Note S1). New WBN and SBN cultures were prepared every 12 h. All the cultures were propagated for 24 days. At the end of the MA experiment, SBN cultures were used to prepare 4 ml overnight cultures in LB medium or LB + 0.2% glucose, which were subsequently aliquoted and stored at −70 °C. The WBN cultures were streaked on LB agar plates to isolate single colonies. Nine colonies were randomly selected per plate and subsequently used to prepare 4 ml overnight cultures in LB medium or LB + 0.2% glucose. Following overnight growth, aliquots from the WBN clonal cultures were stored at −70 °C.Fig. 1Schematic overview of the mutation accumulation experiment.P. aeruginosa mutS::Tn (the starting cell line) was streaked on LB agar. Six colonies were picked and used to inoculate the overnight cultures (the starting cultures). Each of the starting cultures was used to inoculate a weak bottleneck (WBN) cell line with 100 cells and a strong bottleneck (SBN) cell line with one cell. WBN and SBN cell lines were propagated for 24 days. Six single-colony-derived clones for each WBN cell line were saved in liquid nitrogen. Subsequently, whole-genome sequencing of cryo-stocked starting cultures, last passage of the SBN cell lines and the six WBN clones per each WBN cell line was performed. We also performed an analogous mutation accumulation experiment with S. enterica LT2 ∆mutS using 250 cells for passaging WBN cell lines.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
344,787 |
TFF peptides, together with epidermal growth factor (EGF), are aberrantly expressed in diverse chronic ulcerative conditions, often in glandular structures termed the “ulcer-associated cell lineage” (UACL) . Thus, TFF peptides are part of a chronic inflammatory response during a variety of diseases, such as ulcerative colitis, diverticulitis, cholecystitis, inflammatory bowel disease, gastro-esophageal reflux disease, pancreatitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
310,618 |
A two-step amplification procedure was used based on Mueller et al. (2015), with Phusion Hot Start II High Fidelity DNA polymerase (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Vilnius, Lithuania). In the first PCR, barcoded amplicons were produced over 22 cycles using gene primers flanked by 6 nt barcodes that jointly provided a unique 12-mer barcode for each sample (Gloor et al., 2010). Cycling conditions were 30 s at 98°C, 22 cycles of (98°C for 15 s, 60°C for 30 s, 72°C for 30 s), and a final extension step of 72°C for 5min. The second PCR extended Illumina adapter sequences on the amplicons over 10 cycles. Cycling conditions were 30 s at 98°C, 10 cycles of (98°C for 15 s, 65°C for 30 s, 72°C for 30 s), and a final extension step of 72°C for 5min. Amplicons were cleaned using a MoBio UltraClean PCR clean-up kit (Carlsbad, CA, United States), quantified using the same procedure as for the extracted DNA, and then pooled at a concentration of 10 ng each. The pooled samples were further cleaned and concentrated using the Mobio UltraClean PCR clean-up kit. All clean ups were undertaken as per the manufacturer’s instructions with the following modifications: binding buffer was reduced from 5X to 3X sample volume and DNA was eluted in 50 μl Elution Buffer. DNA quality of the amplicon pool was assessed with a bioanalyzer, concentration was verified by qPCR, and sequencing was performed on an Illumina MiSeq with paired-end 250 bp chemistry at Los Alamos National Laboratory.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
389,246 |
In this study, we re-examine CoTS consumption by coral reef fish species by using evidence of CoTS DNA detected in fish faecal and gut content samples. Specifically, we apply a new digital droplet PCR (ddPCR)-based method to detect DNA of the Pacific Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (A. cf. solaris)20 in samples from wild-caught fish. First, we conducted a literature review to target our field collections towards those coral reef fish species that are likely to consume the different life stages of CoTS, using Cowan et al.16 as a starting point. Second, we conducted two pilot studies to confirm our ability to detect CoTS DNA in fish faecal and gut content samples in both laboratory and field collected samples. Finally, we collected faecal and gut content samples from a total of 678 individual fish from 101 different coral reef fish species and 21 different families on reefs experiencing varying levels of CoTS outbreaks during and outside the CoTS spawning seasons1,21. Our results demonstrate that potential predation by coral reef fish on different life stages of CoTS is likely to be more widespread than is currently appreciated.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
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