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206,058 |
(a) Germination phenotypes of seeds generated by reciprocal crosses between wild-type and suvh456 triple mutants. Plots show the percentage of germinating seeds with and without stratification. Error bars indicate SD from three biological replicates (n = 120 total). The letters above the bars indicate significant differences between genotypes (p<0.05, Tukey’s multiple range test). (b) Plots show the percentage of germinating seeds with and without stratification of wild-type (WT) and F1 seeds generated by crossing maternal heterozygous or homozygous suvh456 and paternal wild type. Error bars indicate SD from three biological replicates (n = 90 total). Letters above bars indicate significant differences among genotypes (p<0.05, Tukey’s multiple range test). (c) Plots show percentage of germinating seeds of wild-type and cmt3-11 mutant with and without stratification. Error bars indicate SD from three biological replicates (n = 120 total). Asterisks indicate significant differences compared to wild type (p<0.05, Student’s t test). (d) Germination phenotypes of seeds generated by reciprocal crosses between wild-type and cmt3-11 mutant. Details are shown in the legend of (a).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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116,258 |
All patients randomized to the intervention group will receive the DSD program, which has previously been developed to change behavioral habits and flexibility . For the current trial, the program has been adapted to cardiac patients’ needs and profiles to meet the lifestyle recommendations of this specific population.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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130,565 |
Average body weight and body condition score pretrial and changes to body weight and body condition score post-trial on six age classes of cattle (± SE) across a 2-yr grazing trial (2018–2019 and 2019–2020) at the Northern Agricultural Research Center Thackeray Ranch, Havre, MT
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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250,662 |
The quasi-static solutions are obtained by removing inertial elastic effects, i.e., dynamic equilibrium is imposed during all the simulation (see Supplementary Section 1). These solutions capture the deformations just due to thermal expansion and hence can be used to track the temperature evolution of the system (see ref (9)). Note that the initial peak obtained in the quasi-static simulations is not observed in experiments because the system needs a finite time to expand.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
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82,845 |
Alternative reconstruction methods that aim at retaining the variance better (Pairwise Comparison PaiCO37 and Bayesian Hierarchical Models BHM38), are able to generate larger amplitudes for some experiments (Supplementary Figs 33–38). However, the results are not consistent across the hemispheres and do not allow to identify a single method that is superior to the others. Overall, SH reconstructions appear to be more sensitive to the choice of the reconstruction method.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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348,946 |
The green, turquoise, blue, brown, and purple modules were respectively positively correlated with −7 d. Ion transportation was more frequent in this period (Figure 5A). The positive regulation of the potassium ion transmembrane transport term (GO: 1901381) was activated in the blue module (Figure 7A-1, File S1). Five terms in the green module were involved in ion transportation, namely, the regulation of metal ion transport term (GO: 0010959), the ligand-gated ion channel activity term (GO: 0015276), the ion channel complex term (GO: 0034702), the regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity term (GO: 0032412), and the regulation of calcium ion transport term (GO: 0051924; Figure 6B-1, File S1). Another characteristic of this period was that the proliferation of BMECs significantly increased . In the purple module, mostly significant terms were associated with cell proliferation, such as the microtubule cytoskeleton organization term (GO: 0000226), the mitotic cell cycle term (GO: 0000278), the spindle organization term (GO: 0007051), the mitotic cell cycle checkpoint term (GO: 0007093), the attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore term (GO: 0008608), and the regulation of cell division term (GO: 0051302; Figure 7C-1, File S1). The cell cycle pathway (KEGG: 04110; Figure 7C-2, File S2) in the purple module and the regulation of epithelial cell proliferation term (GO: 0050678; Figure 6C-1, File S1) in the turquoise also contributed to BMECs proliferation during this period. The mammary gland is a dynamic organ that undergoes cycles of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis during adult life. The number of mammary gland cells is an important factor determining milk production and the newly formed cells are about 50% of the original cells in the mammary gland of dairy cows .
| 4 | 0biomedical
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287,463 |
The participants enter questionnaire data directly via a survey into the electronic Case Report File (eCRF) using REDCap electronic data capture tools. The EMG files are saved in a secured and logged Sharepoint. Results from the protocol-specific procedures will be collected in paper format and then entered into the eCRF. The assessors enter all other data directly into the eCRF during the visits. Data quality in the eCRF will be promoted using range checks for data values. Data will later be transferred to a statistical program for analyses. The data will be anonymized 5 years after the termination of the study.
| 2 | 0biomedical
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369,501 |
In analysis of the construct validity we confirmed all a priori hypotheses except for hypothesis 4 in which we expected that the HOOS subscale ADL Function correlates better with SF–36 PF than other SF-36 subscales. Unexpectedly, we observed that the correlation between HOOS ADL Function and SF-36 BP was even stronger than between ADL and PF. This observation may obviously give some difficulty in interpreting the results.
| 3 | 0biomedical
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176,152 |
The interviews were performed individually and in a quiet place in an appropriate time where the participants felt at ease. Each interview lasted for 35–65 minutes and they were repeated if required (for the Participants No. 2, 9, 12 and 14). After the interviews, they were carefully listened and typed word for word as soon as possible in order to maintain the connection with the data and feelings of the participants.
| 2 | 2other
| 1Other
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297,465 |
Example of a consensus model figure from a decision support tool for coronavirus disease, Utah, USA. Model results compare the number of new reported infections (daily) across the 4 modeling groups presented to Utah stakeholders on September 9, 2020. Light gray line represents reported infections, black line represents the consensus model (i.e., the average of the 4 individual group models), green line represents the results from modeling group 1, yellow line represents the results from the UDOH, blue line represents the results from the Intermountain Healthcare model, and red line represents the results from the University of Utah model. UDOH, Utah Department of Health.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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183,223 |
Dynamic changes in methionine and cystine contents in black soldier fly larvae grown on almond hulls in a batch process in Experiment 1. Total 30-day duration represents time after inoculation on hulls. Time zero represents start of experiment, where larvae are approximately 5–7 days old
| 4 | 0biomedical
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311,074 |
\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$dist _p(f_j,f)\rightarrow 0$$\end{document}distp(fj,f)→0 as \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$j\rightarrow \infty $$\end{document}j→∞;
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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307,334 |
We isolated exosomes derived from bone marrow MSCs. The concentration and size of exosomes were analyzed through Nanoparticle Tracking (Figure 6(a)). Under TEM, MSC-exosomes were observed to have circular and elliptical vesicle-like structures (Figure 6(b)). In addition, WB analysis showed that compared with the supernatant group, MSC-exosomes expressed TSG101, CD81, and CD63 (Figure 6(c)). Exosome uptake experiment showed MSC-exosomes was uptaken by EPCs (Figure 6(d)). qRT-PCR results showed that lncRNA IGF2-AS was expressed in MSC-exosomes compared with the supernatant group (Figure 6(e)). Then, we treated EPCs with MSC-exosomes to test the expression of lncRNA IGF2-AS and the function of EPCs. Compared with the EPC group, the expression of lncRNA IGF2-AS increased in the EPCs+exosomes group (Figure 6(f)). Compared with the EPCs group, the pyroptosis of the EPCs+exosomes group was increased, and the expressions of pyroptosis-related factors ASC, Caspase-1, NLRP3, and IL-18 were increased (Figures 6(g)–6(i)). These results revealed that MSC-derived exosomal lncRNA IGF2-AS might promote pyroptosis of EPCs in sepsis patients.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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283,706 |
The results revealed that the untreated sample suffered considerably from the environment while the fluoride treated sample showed significantly better performance for longer exposure time in corrosive solution. Surface treatment of MRI201s and MRI202s alloys by immersion in HF solution ensures a uniform, smoother surface without changing the morphology of the substrate, which results in a better protection of the substrate. We also investigate the effect of sandblasting treatment of MRI201s and MRI202s alloys using particle of alumina on in vitro degradation behavior.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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267,587 |
Overall cardiovascular ‘fitness’ is often represented by the maximum amount of oxygen an individual can take up and utilise (VO2max). This is dependent upon the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood, the rate of oxygen diffusion across peripheral and pulmonary capillaries (influenced by capillary density) and the oxygen utilisation capacity of peripheral tissues (mostly skeletal muscle); however, it is primarily representative of cardiac pump capacity (Bassett & Howley, 2000). The ease of collecting and analysing expired gas samples during a treadmill or stationary bike ramp protocol versus advanced cardiac imaging techniques also makes this parameter relatively accessible for cardiovascular research.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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80,248 |
The column ‘Id’ gives the identifier of the model according to Fig 7. In the model structure column, black and gray arrows denote reactions in the models, reactions with Michaelis-Menten kinetics (MM) are thereby marked in gray. Red lines ending in T-shape indicate negative regulations, green arrows denote positive regulations.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
86,629 |
Domain organization and conservation of K13 protein across different Plasmodium species. a The PvK12 gene is shown in red. P1F and P1R shows the primer set used for the primary PCR. P2F and P2R shows the primers used for nested PCR for the amplification of full length PvK12. All the amplification primers used are present outside the ORF. SPF1, SPR1, SPF2, SPR2, SPF3, SPR3, SPF4 and SPR4 show the primers used for sequencing. b Schematic domain organization of Kelch protein in each species showing the BTB domain and six Kelch domains. The numbers of cysteine residues in each Kelch domain is indicated. Additional Tho2 and Cdc_37 N kinase binding domains are also shown. c Percentage of sequence similarity between amino acid sequences of seven Plasmodium species. d Neighbor-Joining tree of Kelch protein amino acid sequences from seven Plasmodium species. Bootstrap values generated from 1000 replicates are shown
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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386,997 |
Although nonsignificant, wild perennial Phaseolus mean seed weight was nearly twice that of wild annuals (59 mg annual vs. 104 mg perennial; Figure 2A ; see Supplementary Table S1 for all mean values, standard deviation, and Tukey test significance). Wild annual germination proportion was nonsignificantly higher than that of wild perennials (0.91 annual vs. 0.64 perennial; Figure 2D ; Supplementary Table S1 ). Wild annual Phaseolus had similar to nonsignificantly larger vegetative trait values compared to wild perennials, with the largest relative differences seen in root dry mass (0.32 g annual vs. 0.19 g perennial) and total dry mass (1.48 g annual vs. 0.85 g perennial; Figures 2I, J ; Supplementary Table S1 ). Mean root mass fraction was nearly equivalent for wild annuals (0.22) and wild perennials (0.21; Figure 2K ; Supplementary Table S1 ).
| 4 | 0biomedical
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302,150 |
Frozen samples (100 mg) were homogenized with 50 mM Tris–HCl buffer (pH 8.0, containing 2 mM Mg2+, 2 mM DTT, and 0.4 M Suc). The homogenates were centrifuged at 4 °C and 10,000×g for 10 min, and the supernatant was used for measurement of the activities of N metabolic enzymes. Glutamine synthase (GS) activity was measured spectrophotometrically at 540 nm according to Zhang et al.38 and presented indirectly by the absorbance at 540 nm (A540) per unit protein per hour. Glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activity was determined as in Singh and Srivastava39. The reaction mixture contained 10 mmol α-ketoglutarate, 1 mmol potassium chloride, 37.5 mmol Tris–HCl buffer (pH 7.6), 0.6 mmol NADH, 8 mmol l-glutamine and 0.3 mL enzyme. The absorbance at 340 nm was monitored for 120 s and the activity of GOGAT was estimated by the oxidation rate of NADH per unit protein (nmo mg−1 protein min−1). Glutamic–oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic–pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activities were measured according to Wu et al.40 and presented as the production rate of pyruvate per unit protein (μmol mg−1 protein 30 min−1).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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202,047 |
For Case 1, the classification performance and the loss value with respect to the number of iterations are shown in Figure 12. To validate the performance of the CNN-based classifier, the network validation was conducted every 20 iterations. As shown in the figure, as the loss in training decreases, the classification accuracy conversely increases. After performing 250 iterations, the accuracy and the loss each converge to a specific value and there was no further enhancement in the performance of the CNN-based classifier. In other words, through sufficient learning process, the loss value reached the local minimum value and the derivative value of the loss became almost zero. At the point of convergence, the classification accuracy derived from the training data set and the validation data set was 99.33% and 97.39%, and the loss values from them were 0.034 and 0.087, respectively. Moreover, the classification accuracy and the loss value exhibited similar trends in the training data set and the validation data set. It means that the trained CNN structure is not biased towards the training data set. Similarly for Cases 2 and 3, the evaluation and analysis of classification performance can be done equally. Figure 11 shows the CNN structures derived through this process for three cases. After several performance evaluations by adjusting the hyper-parameters of the network, the three simplest structures with a classification performance over 95% were determined. In general, as the number of classes to be classified increases or the form of the input data becomes more complex, the CNN structure tends to become more complex. In that context, when the number of motions to be classified increases, the structure of the CNN becomes increasingly complex, as shown in Figure 11. In addition, unlike general RGB images, spectrograms are 1-dimensional matrix data. Thus, even a relatively simple CNN structure can show high target classification performance for radar data sets.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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64,043 |
Primary bone marrow-derived macrophage cultures from C57BL/6 mice or SRA−/− mice (generously provided by the Mikael Karlsson Lab, Karolinska Institutet) were initiated by flushing femoral bones from using 21-gauge needles and washing the cells with PBS. Single cell suspensions were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagles Medium (DMEM, Sigma) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS, Sigma), 100 U/mL penicillin, 100 µg/mL streptomycin, 2 mM L–glutamine, 1 mM Sodium pyruvate and 20 µM β-mercaptoethanol (all reagents from Life Technologies) as well as 20 ng/mL of either M-CSF or GM-CSF (R&D Systems) for macrophage differentiation. The macrophages were allowed to differentiate for a total of 10 days in 175 cm2 green cell culture flasks (Sarstedt) 37 °C and 5% CO2, with a half change of medium at day 4 and a full change at day 6. Cells were re-plated after detachment using pre-warmed 2 mM EDTA in PBS (20 min incubation and scraping) and ensuing washes. Finally, induction of macrophage phenotype polarization to M0 (media alone, 24 h), M1 (50 ng/mL LPS, 100 ng/mL IFNγ, 24 h) or M2 (IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β 20 ng/mL each, 24 h) was performed prior to the respective assays.
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246,399 |
A promising approach to inhibit viral replication is the implementation of RNA interference (RNAi), which is a highly conserved, very efficient process of post-transcriptional gene silencing that is triggered by short double-stranded RNA, such as small interfering RNA (siRNA). RNAi leads to the degradation of mRNA in a sequence-specific manner and ultimately specifically inhibits the expression of genes . Numerous RNAi-based therapies have been investigated for the treatment of viral infections in the past . We and others have demonstrated an effective reduction of target viral gene expression and virus replication, for example of the human immunodeficiency virus , influenza virus , coxsackievirus B3 , adenovirus , hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus in various cell and animal disease models. Following the emergence of SARS-CoV-1 in 2002, RNAi was one of the strategies pursued to inhibit SARS-CoV-1 replication. In several in vitro studies, it was shown that siRNAs efficiently reduced the expression of different target viral proteins and ultimately led to the inhibition of viral replication . Owing to its fundamental role in cell infection, the S protein of SARS-CoV-1 was considered the most promising target for inhibition with RNAi. However, the S protein is prone to mutations, which increase the virus fitness, as has also been observed for SARS-CoV-2 in a growing number of SARS-CoV-2 variants (e.g., alpha (B.1.1.7), beta (B.1.351), gamma (P.1) and delta (B.1.617.2) variants) . Obviously, mutations can alter the target sequence of siRNAs and severely reduce the efficiency of RNAi . Therefore, targeting a strongly conserved region such as the 5′-UTR that is crucial for viral RNA replication and transcription was considered a promising target . By targeting the leader sequence of SARS-CoV-1, which is present in the viral genomic as well as subgenomic RNAs, Li et al. were able to effectively inhibit the expression of viral genes (S, E, M and N) and ultimately virus replication in Vero E6 cells . Moreover, the siRNA they developed targeting the leader sequence was more effective than the siRNA they developed in parallel targeting the S gene. Hence, the 5′-UTR of SARS-CoV-2 is another promising target to develop RNAi-based therapies against COVID-19.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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88,981 |
WmOPCs are more sensitive to TNFα- and IFNγ-mediated inhibition of proliferation than gmOPCs. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) isolated from the cortex (gmOPCs) and non-cortex (wmOPCs) of neonatal rat forebrains were left untreated or treated with 10 ng/ml TNFα, 500 U/ml IFNγ, or a combination of TNFα and IFNγ for 48 hours in the presence of PDGF-AA and FGF-2. (a,c) OPC proliferation was determined by immunocytochemistry for the proliferation marker ki67. Representative images are shown in (a); quantitative analysis of the number of ki67-positive of total DAPI-stained cells in (c) (n = 4, at least 150 cells analysed per independent experiment). (b) OPC migration towards a 10 ng/ml PDGF-AA gradient (4 hours) was determined using a transwell assay (n = 5). Grey bars represent gmOPCs white bars represent wmOPCs (b,c). Note that both exposure to TNFα and IFNγ decreased wmOPC proliferation, while IFNγ, but not TNFα, decreased gmOPC proliferation. (d) mRNA expression levels of Tnfrs1a, Tnfrs1b, Ifngr1 and Ifngr2. Hmbs was used as reference gene; the reference gene Eef1a1 showed similar results (data not shown). Note that Ifngr1 expression levels are elevated in wmOPCs compared to gmOPCs. Bars represent mean relative to their respective untreated control, which was set at 1 for each independent experiment (horizontal line). Error bars show the standard error of the mean. Statistical analyses were performed using a one-sample t-test (*p < 0.05) to test for differences between treatments and their respective control and a one-way ANOVA with a Šidák post-test was used to test whether the response to TNFα, IFNγ and TNFα and IFNγ combined differed between gmOPCs and wmOPCs (not significant). Scale bar is 50 µm.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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120,080 |
In resting platelets, αIIbβ3 is constitutively associated with c-Src and CSK is recruited to this complex by JAM-A [25, 27]. Fg binding to the activated αIIbβ3 results in dissociation of JAM-A/Csk, followed by dephosphorylation of c-Src by PTP-1B and recruitment of Syk to this complex (Fig 7) . We found that an intracellular calcium rise and filopodia formation through cytoskeletal rearrangement, which contributes to the spiky morphology, occurs very early in this process. Calcium binding to CIB1 results in a conformational change that enables it to associate with αIIb and recruit FAK to this complex (Fig 7). The dynamic cytoskeletal rearrangement which follows is necessary for the activation of FAK. Binding of c-Src to phospho-Y397FAK enhances its activation, inducing downstream signaling needed for lamellipodia formation and hence platelet spreading (Fig 7). Our results provide strong evidence for a significant involvement of αIIb tail in the outside-in signaling. This is consistent with previous reports proposing involvement of αIIb tail in outside-in signaling which received very little attention [29, 30].
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28,089 |
In Table 5, the true coefficient values of β12 =0.450 and β32 =2.0 were estimated as \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ {\widehat{\beta}}_{12}=0.388 $$\end{document}β^12=0.388 and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ {\widehat{\beta}}_{32}=4.046 $$\end{document}β^32=4.046 using the TVMEM, and as \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ {\tilde{\upbeta}}_{12}=0.456 $$\end{document}β˜12=0.456 and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ {\tilde{\upbeta}}_{32}=1.767 $$\end{document}β˜32=1.767 using the joint model. Coefficient β23 was accurately estimated using both models. As for the four adaptive interventions (i.e. (A1, A2NR) = (−1,1), (−1,-1), (1, 1) and (1, −1)) embedded in the design of Fig. 2, Table 6 shows that the simulated means were 5.213, 4.802, 6.330, and 5.805, respectively, and the estimated means were 5.228, 4.790, 6.344, and 5.793, respectively, using the TVMEM, and 5.230, 4.788, 6.345, and 5.792, respectively, using the joint model.Table 5Simulation results for the design in Fig. 2: the estimated means, based on 500 replicates, are reported for coefficients in model (4) Parameter estimation β 12 β 23 β 32 (first-stage interventions A 1)(second-stage interventions for non-responders A 2NR)(time of intervention T 2)True value0.4500.402.0Joint modelEstimate0.4560.4411.767MSE0.0130.0170.168CI%95.6 %95.6 %93.6 %Length of CI0.4820.5361.452TVMEMEstimate0.3880.4394.046MSE0.0160.0174.297CI%94.0 %96.0 %0.0 %Length of CI0.4890.5471.442CI%: Coverage probability of the 95 % confidence interval MSE mean squared errorTable 6Simulation results for the design in Fig. 2: the estimated means, based on 500 replicates, are reported for the final outcomes of the four adaptive interventions embedded in the designMean of the final outcomes(−1,1)(−1,-1)(1,1)(1,-1)Simulated means5.2134.8026.3305.805Estimated means by joint model5.2304.7886.3455.792Estimated means by TVMEM5.2284.7906.3445.793
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170,228 |
Self-management strategies for people with MSDs are complex interventions that involve patient education and behavior modification and are designed to encourage people to take an active self-management role to improve health outcomes.13 Effective self-management interventions have been identified as a priority implementation area for health care services.14 Supported self-management aims to empower people to take an active role in managing their condition and health behaviors collaboratively with their health care professional.15 Supported self-management is an important step toward better health care provision, which results in positive outcomes including reduced pain and improved self-efficacy.16 eHealth may be used to promote and enable self-management support on a large scale; however, uptake may be limited to those with knowledge and access to appropriate technology and hence may exacerbate health care inequality.17 Another concern is that eHealth modalities may increase dependence on health care professionals.18
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| 2Review
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190,125 |
Meniscus extrusion and damage have been reported to be important risk factors for the development and progression of knee OA, but most of these studies relied on semi-quantitative scorings of meniscus pathology and meniscus extrusion [29–31]. Quantitative 3D measures of meniscus position and morphology have been developed to provide a comprehensive, quantitative picture that not only includes the meniscus position but also the meniscus morphology. The reproducibility of the methodology has been validated and quantitative 3D meniscus measures have been reported to be associated with relevant outcomes such as development of incident radiographic OA and presence of pain . More recently, change in meniscus measures has also been shown to be associated with subsequent knee replacement surgery .
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124,662 |
Plant leaves or whiteflies were ground into powder in liquid nitrogen. The total RNA was extracted with Trizol (Takara Bio, Shiga, Japan) based on the manufacturer’s instructions. Total RNA (1 μg) was used with PrimerScript RT reagent kit (Takara) for reverse transcription according to the instructions. CCYV-infected plants and viruliferous whiteflies were identified by RT-PCR [44, 45].
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771 |
Zinc in C. cibarius foraged in Poland was at very similar contents for the sites, i.e., at 88 to 100 mg kg−1 db and at 76 mg kg−1 db for Yunnan. In C. minor, Zn was at 98 mg kg−1 db and in C. tubaeformis at 56 to 72 mg kg−1 db. Those values on Zn contents are in the central to upper range of the literature values reported for C. cibarius (Falandysz and Drewnowska 2015).
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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326,166 |
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) has generated comprehensive, multidimensional maps of key genomic changes in several types of cancers, including HNSCC, and provided histopathological annotations and clinical survival data relevant to patients with HNSCC over a follow-up duration of 10 years. This has enabled the systematic evaluation of the relationship between LOI and gene signatures, providing clarity on key gene modules involved in LOI in patients with HNSCC. This has in turn provided us with comprehensive, systemic understanding of LOI not only at the genomic but also at the prognostic level.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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139,052 |
The dried, powdered leaves of G. multiflora (20 kg) were percolated with 95% ethanol (100 L×3). After evaporation of solvent in vacuum, the residue (1.5 kg) was suspended in water, and the pH was adjusted to 2–3 by 5% HCl and then partitioned with chloroform; thus, the chloroform layer and acid water layer were obtained. The acid water layer was then adjusted to pH 9–10 by ammonia water, chloroform extraction was carried out, and the crude total alkaloid (chloroform part) was obtained. The chloroform extract (31.3 g) was subjected to a silica gel column eluting with chloroform/methanol (100:0 to 0:100, v/v) to afford 8 fractions (A1–A8). Then, fraction A4 was further separated by a silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 columns, and preparative HPLC to afford 1 (2.7 mg). Fraction A6 was successively separated on Sephadex LH-20 (MeOH) a20nd purified by preparative HPLC with MeOH–H2O–Et2NH (60:40:0.0002) to afford 2 (6.6 mg) and 3 (5.9 mg).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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66,911 |
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-protein-coding RNAs that function as endogenous negative gene regulators by interfering with the translation or stability of target transcripts . They control gene expression by binding to the 3′untranslated region (3′UTR) of mRNA through complementary base pairing. Dysfunctions of miRNAs are frequently found in malignancies, including chondrosarcoma . Increasing studies have focused on the role of miRNAs in cancer progression and metastasis. miRNAs have been proposed to intervene numerous functions of cancer cell, including survival, apoptosis, autophagy, migration, invasion, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis . Several investigations demonstrate that miRNAs inhibit lymphangiogenesis and tumor dissemination through the dysregulation of miR/VEGF-C signaling [18, 19]. miR-128 has been reported to inhibit lymphangiogenesis in human non-small cell lung cancer by directly suppressing VEGF-C expression . miR-206 also abrogates the expression and secretion of VEGF-C, and subsequently inhibits tumor lymphangiogenesis in pancreatic cancer . Furthermore, miR-101 has been documented to suppress migration and invasion via negatively regulating VEGF-C expression in bladder cancer and cholangiocarcinoma cells, respectively . However, the role of miRNA in regulating VEGF-C expression in human chondrosarcoma cells is poorly understood.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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199,895 |
Based mostly on the RT-PCR results, from 1 January to 31 December 2020 the World Health Organization reported almost 81.5 million confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections and over 1.8 million deaths related to the virus worldwide . The most affected countries with highest numbers of new SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 related deaths among European Union were Italy, Spain, France, Belgium and the UK . At the same time, Poland was hit by “two waves” of the pandemic, i.e., from 10 March 2020 to 20 April 2020 and from 4 October 2020 to 27 December 2020, with 1.3 million confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections and 28.5 thousand deaths caused by the novel coronavirus . Due to the political decisions to test only symptomatic patients , nonspecific symptoms of COVID-19 , and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections , those numbers may be underestimated.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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173,459 |
Reliable monitoring of MP contamination in relevant matrices would be necessary for efficient implementation of different policies related to microplastics. A major obstacle for obtaining comparable monitoring data is the lack of standards, (certified) reference materials and harmonised techniques that facilitate comparability of MP measurements. It is particularly challenging to prepare reference materials that are mimicking MP found in environmental samples since such MP particles are of irregular shape, fragmented, oxidised and sometimes covered with biofilms. The JRC (Joint Research Centre) of the European Commission and BAM (Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und prüfung, DE) therefore launched an ambitious inter-laboratory comparison (ILC) for the measurement of irregular PET particles in water.
| 2 | 2other
| 1Other
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192,341 |
Fusariumester E (4): colorless oil [α]19.9 D 1.0 (c 0.2, MeOH) UV (MeOH); λmax (log ε) 196 (4.22), 229 (3.86), 269 (4.32) nm; IR (KBr) νmax 2,925, 2,854, 2,644, 2,566, 1,687, 1,604, 1,381, 1,325, 1,253, 1,178 cm₋1. HR-ESI-MS: m/z 649.3959 [M‒H]‒ (calcd for C36H57O10, 649.3957). 1H NMR (800 MHz, DMSO-d 6) data see Table 1, and 13C NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d 6) data see Table 2.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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193,060 |
There are two approaches to in-hospital vital sign monitoring: intermittent and continuous. Intermittent monitoring involves the measurement and recording of vital signs at regular time intervals (eg, 30 minutes). Some research suggests that some patient deterioration may not be detected because of the gap between observations . Continuous monitoring, recognized as a more proactive approach that is typically used for more at-risk patients, involves the continuous capture of vital sign information or information about significant changes, which is then transmitted to a display device. Although the utility of continuous monitoring for low-intensity patients is still under debate, a recent systematic review focusing on general hospital wards found that continuous vital sign monitoring showed clinical benefits over intermittent monitoring, including reduced critical care use and reduced length of hospital stay, as well as an overall reduction in the cost of patient care .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
238,979 |
Figure 1 presents a block diagram of the main components of MOWOATS algorithm after its adaptation to Hadoop and Spark frameworks. The original microarray data has been stored in the Hadoop computing cluster. Hadoop partitions the data randomly, each set of data instances are stored in a computing node. MOWOATS main components have redesigned to run in parallel instead of sequential execution. The main time consuming part in MOWOATS is the evaluation of centroids of each solution. This part has been programed to run in parallel over Spark framework (Guller, 2015). The centroids are taken by Spark to broadcast them to all computing nodes that store data instances. Then, computing nodes compute the distances among centroids and data instances in each node in parallel. The distances are then sent to the master to compute the Xie-Beni (1), overall deviation (2), and SSI (3) to assess the quality of each solution. This technique decreases the processing time as each node computes the distance for data instances stored in it. Also, it minimizes the traffic overhead over network as slave nodes return only the distances not the data instances themselves. In our implementation, the Spark dataframe has been used to hold the microarray dataset (Guller, 2015). This improved the scalability of the algorithm and ensured a better utilization of the data processing resources.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
132,127 |
We observed neither abnormalities nor inclusion-like bodies of Ehrlichia or Anaplasma during the evaluation of Giemsa-stained thin blood smears of the capybaras. We tested Ehrlichia antibodies in capybara serum samples with an indirect immunofluorescent assay using E. canis (São Paulo and Cuiabá strains) as antigens; serum samples were positive if reacting at a dilution >1:40 (7). A total of 6/17 (35.29% [95% CI 17.31%–58.70%]) capybaras showed antibodies against >1 of the E. canis antigens. When we used the Cuiabá strain of E. canis as antigen, 4/17 (23.53% [95% CI 9.56%–47.26%]) capybaras were seropositive, whereas 6/17 (35.29%) were positive when we used the São Paulo strain. Four capybaras were seropositive for both E. canis strains. Antibody endpoint titers ranged from 40 to 640 for both E. canis antigens.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
30,947 |
All patients received LT as the initial therapy. The transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) procedure were performed as the postoperative therapy in the patients with HCC relapse, if indicated. Complete follow-up data were obtained from all HCC patients (range, 1 month–66 months; median, 26 months). Primary study end points were overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS). OS and RFS were defined as the time from the date of surgery to the date of death from HCC or to the date of local recurrence or detection of distant metastasis, respectively.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
318,178 |
To collect as much facial features (FF) as possible and make sure that the device can be cost-efficient, we deployed a webcam with a resolution of 640 × 480 Pixels. We sat the webcam to directly face the subjects and focused directly on their faces during recording while they were performing the tests. The videos were recorded in AVI format since it is virtually compatible with all devices. Then, the videos were converted into frames in which the FF are mapped in order to facilitate the processing of the videos. The exact details of the mapping of the facial landmarks and the extraction of the FF will be discussed later in the feature extraction section.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
39,392 |
Spearman rank correlations were applied to study relations between neutralizing capacity and total concentrations of diphtheria-specific Abs, Ab concentrations and the time since the last vaccination, as well as to study the relationship between Abs and cytokine production in T cells.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
353,252 |
The analysis of frequency-domain parameters was conducted with fast Fourier transform (FFT). Out of the total recorded spectrum, our analysis included the normalized low-frequency (LF) (0.05–0.15 Hz) and high-frequency (HF) (0.15–0.4 Hz) values, LF/HF ratio, and total power of variance of all NN intervals [TP]). A spectral analysis was conducted for each hour out of the 24-hour period. Subsequently, the mean daytime and nighttime values were calculated and the day/night ratio. The HF parameter was considered to be an indicator of the parasympathetic activity. LF values depend on the effect of both the vagus nerve and sympathetic tone. At rest, LF shows a combined effect of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, whereas following sympathetic stimulation (e.g., standing up, exercise, and psycho-emotional stress), LF reflects mainly the activity of the sympathetic nervous system. The relationship between LF and HF (LF/HF ratio) reflects the sympathetic-parasympathetic balance .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
306,097 |
The rHuEPO-DS sample is completely monomeric, as determined by SEC-HPLC (Fig. 2A, Table II). Analysis of the USP rHuEPO-RS sample resulted in a peak corresponding to the monomeric protein and an additional peak, representing 1.3% of the total protein, eluting near the expected molecular weight of an oligomer of EPO (Fig. 2B, Table II). Previous studies of rHuEPO monomers have shown that the use of non-ionic detergents at high concentrations can result in additional peaks that do not consist of protein but which elute with similar retention times to rHuEPO dimers. (15, 16) To investigate whether this additional peak is Tween®20, vials containing only excipient were resuspended to the same concentrations as those present in USP rHuEPO-RS and then analyzed by SEC-HPLC (Fig. 2C). As expected, the excipient-only sample reproduced the additional peak. Furthermore, the additional detergent-only peak completely disappeared when USP rHuEPO-RS was formulated without Tween®20. However, the removal of Tween®20 prior to lyophilization resulted in the aggregation of 14% of the total protein as compared to non-lyophilized samples (Fig.3A & 3B, Table III). Lyophilization with Tween®20 but at reduced levels (0.001%) decreased the aggregation but did not completely remove it (Fig. 3C). Therefore, to preserve the integrity of the EPO protein and for the long-term storage, 0.01% of Tween-20 was added to the formulation buffer before the lyophilization process.Fig. 2Analysis of rHuEPO monomer. 80 μg of rHuEPO-DS (grey) and USP rHuEPO-RS (orange) and an equivalent amount of excipient to that in 80 μg of USP rHuEPO-RS (orange) were analyzed by size-exclusion chromatography. (A) rHuEPO-DS, (B) USP rHuEPO-RS resuspended in water. (C) Equivalent amounts of excipients to (B) but without USP rHuEPO-RS. Monomer and Tween®20 peaks are labeled. AU is absorbance units at 230 nm.Table IIOligomerization state of rHuEPO-DS and rHuEPO-RSTween®20 Peak % (7.4 min)Monomer Peak % (8.6 min)rHuEPO-DS0.00100.00USP rHuEPO-RS1.3398.67Percentages of each peak were determined as the quotient of the individual peak area and the total area of both peaks. Peak retention times are in (). mAU is milli-absorbance units at 230 nmFig. 3Analysis of aggregates after lyophilization. 25 μg of USP rHuEPO-RS (orange) was analyzed by size-exclusion chromatography. (A) no lyophilization, (B) lyophilization without Tween®20, (C) lyophilization with 0.001% Tween®20. Monomer and aggregate peaks are labeled. AU is absorbance units at 230 nm.Table IIIEffect of Non-ionic Detergent on rHuEPO-RS stabilityAggregate Peak % (5.6 min)Monomer Peak % (8.6 min)USP rHuEPO-RS, no lyophilization0.00100.00USP rHuEPO-RS, lyophilization, no Tween®2014.1785.83USP rHuEPO-RS, lyophilization, 0.001% Tween®208.2391.77Percentages of each peak were determined as the quotient of the individual peak area and the total area of both peaks. Peak retention times are in (). mAU is milli-absorbance units at 230 nm
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
75,779 |
We investigated four hypotheses: 1) AM fungi increase the development and fecundity of S. avenae, 2) mycorrhizal colonisation increases the attractiveness of T. aestivum var. Solstice and T. monococcum varieties resulting in more aphids settling on treated plants, 3) that AM fungi influences vascular bundle size, and 4) AM fungi influence feeding behaviour, through increased sap ingestion.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
6,430 |
If PCNA modification is important in DNA damage-associated SCE, then either UBC13 or MMS2, which are also required for PCNA polyubiquitination and error-free DNA damage tolerance, should also be defective in DNA damage-associated SCE. Our data indicate that both ubc13 and mms2 mutants are defective for MMS and 4NQO-associated SCE recombination; however, unlike rad5 mutants, we still observed some DNA damage-associated SCE in the halo assay (Figure 2). Interestingly, we observed similar frequencies of UV-associated SCE recombination in ubc13, mms2, and wild type (Figure 5). These data indicate that PCNA polyubiquitination is still important for DNA damage-associated SCE after cells are exposed to either MMS or 4-NQO; however neither UBC13 nor MMS2 are required for UV-associated SCE recombination. Thus, the genetic requirements for UV-associated SCE and for MMS and 4NQO-associated SCE recombination are different.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
378,203 |
Consequently, similar to the successful application of trace metal incorporation in quartz as geothermometer (Wark and Watson 2006; Huang and Audétat 2012), OH defects in quartz provide detailed information on the prevailing conditions in granitic melts and thus can be applied as tracer for crystallisation conditions of the parental igneous body.
| 1 | 2other
| 0Study
|
107,152 |
In accordance with the high plasticity of the nuclear genome sizes of plants , the size of linear metaphase chromosomes varies from less than 1 µm to more than a few tens of microns in the plant kingdom. The total size of metaphase chromosomes is generally determined by the genome size, that is, a large genome size indicates a huge total size of metaphase chromosomes . The shape of monocentric chromosomes is determined by the position of the centromere, the presence of nucleolus organizing regions (NOR), and the position of NOR. The centromere, also called primary constriction, can subdivide a chromosome into “arms”, whereas the arm ratio may vary based on the position of the centromere. NOR generates a secondary constriction and a distal “satellite” in a given chromosome. The number of chromosomes can also display significant diversity, with somatic chromosome numbers from four (n = 2) in Haplopappus gracilis to approximately 1440 (n = 720) in the fern Ophioglossum reticulatum .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
180,181 |
After discharge, the patient had a waxing and waning mental state, progressive weakness, and headache. On POD 16, she presented to the hospital with sharp right-sided chest pain. Her physical examination showed a focal neurological weakness of the left face, arm, and leg. Laboratory work showed thrombocytopenia (Table 1). Her initial imaging was significant for multiorgan thrombosis and hemorrhage (Figure 1). CT head showed a right cerebellar hemorrhage (Figure 1A). MRV brain showed multiple venous sinus thromboses in the right sigmoid sinus, right transverse venous sinus, posterior superior sagittal sinus, and straight sinus (Figure 1B). Venous dopplers showed a left posterior tibial venous thrombus (Figure 1C). MRI brain showed a right thalamic hemorrhage and an acute infarct of the right cerebral peduncle (Figure 1D, 1E). CTA chest showed left pulmonary artery embolism and bilateral segmental/subsegmental pulmonary emboli (Figure 1F, 1G). CT abdomen showed a subacute right adrenal hematoma (Figure 1H).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 3Clinical case
|
276,689 |
Trimethoprim-sulfonamide is a potentiated antimicrobial agent that, in contrast with sulfonamides alone, provides a bactericidal action. The association of trimethoprim with different sulfonamides has been labeled, such as sulfadiazine and sulfamethoxazole. There is considerable controversy regarding the dosage recommendation and frequency of administration of these combinations, due to inconsistencies in the pharmacokinetic data. Furthermore, since different organisms have different MIC values and the optimal ratio of trimethoprim-sulfa also differs from organism to organism, this problem is exacerbated .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
138,923 |
In vitro mitochondria-targeting delivery and assay of the mitochondrial membrane potential. A Tracking of C6 delivery in A549 and A549/ADR cells based on the MitoTracker signal corresponding to the mitochondria (red) and C6 signal (green) by CLSM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. DA-P-SS-T/C6. B Colocalization analysis. C A549 and A549/ADR cells treated with DA-P-SS-T/C6 were labeled with JC-1 to detect mitochondrial depolarization by CLSM and compare the signal with that in the control cells. Green and red colors correspond to the signal of monomeric and aggregated forms of JC-1, respectively. (1) CLSM image; (2) Pearson coefficient and Mander coefficient or the JC-1 monomer/JC-1 aggregate ratio
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
274,905 |
In the current study, we aimed to examine the role of AS in responding to the cellular stress caused by mitonuclear mismatch. We quantified differences in AS between mitonuclear mismatched and matched individuals in each of the six tissues using the same RNA‐seq data from Ding et al. (2021). If AS plays a more important role in coping with the cellular or environmental stresses than gene expression regulation, as shown in previous studies (Jacobs & Elmer, 2021; Singh et al., 2017), we expect to find some alternatively spliced genes (ASGs) which are involved in energy production and other mitochondrial processes.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
387,199 |
We used serum samples (n = 10) collected from 3 PCR-confirmed patients: 2 with mild COVID-19 and 1 with severe COVID-19 (Table 1) from France in accordance with local ethics approvals (F.-X. Lescure et al., unpub. data, https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.11.987958). For assay validation, we used samples obtained from persons who had PCR-diagnosed infections with human coronaviruses (HCoV-229E, NL63, or OC43), SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, or other respiratory viruses (Table 1) as reported (6). We also included samples from patients who had recent infections with cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, or Mycoplasma pneumoniae because these pathogens have a higher likelihood of causing false-positive results. As negative controls, we used serum samples from 45 healthy blood donors (Sanquin Blood Bank, https://www.sanquin.nl) (cohort A). We also tested serum samples from SARS patients (7). All samples were stored at −20°C until use. The Sanquin Blood Bank obtained written informed consent for research use of samples from blood donors. Use of serum samples from the Netherlands was approved by the local medical ethics committee (approval no. 2014–414).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
149,299 |
We observed a significant increase in cEC numbers shortly after kidney transplantation. Baseline levels of cEC concentration were recovered for most patients after one week and completely returned to preoperative levels after 6 months. This is a novel finding as other studies have just measured the concentration of cEC at a single time point22–25. The dynamics observed in the level of cEC reflects the disturbance caused to the graft and recipient’s endothelium shortly after the transplantation procedure. Nevertheless, the injury caused to the graft during a rejection event had no direct influence in the amount of cEC. We believe changes in cEC concentrations depend on the severity of vascular stress. While a transplantation is a highly invasive procedure with a direct impact on the donor kidney and recipient endothelium due to the procedure itself and donor effects, a rejection event is caused by immunological factors at the interplay of other responses that trigger inflammation and aberrant vasculature responses26,27. The later ones appear not to cause substantial EC shedding.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
70,424 |
This was a retrospective, noncomparative, interventional case series involving 5 eyes from 5 patients with peripapillary CNVM identified in clinical practice. Patients who had less than six months of follow-up, were asymptomatic, or underwent previous treatment were excluded from the study. All patients exhibited decreased vision and metamorphopsia. Patients had hemorrhage around the CNVM, exudates, and fluid involving the subfoveal region. Patients were initially evaluated with a complete ophthalmic examination and fluorescein angiogram (FA). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed at each follow-up visit.
| 4 | 1clinical
| 0Study
|
72,428 |
The nature, water and marine directives acknowledge social–ecological interactions and the need to seek a balance between ecological and social concerns (EBM principle 4). All directives consider the costs and benefits of alternative courses of action to seek this balance. “Derogations” to the environmental objectives set out in the legal text are possible in all directives, in particular in cases of “overriding public interest”. In addition, the directives support transparent decision making to different degrees, via in particular the diffusion of information to the public and some form of consultation. However, the role of stakeholders and local actors is unclear in all four directives. There is no requirement to take into account the views expressed during consultation, and there is no requirement to create supporting institutional arrangements to tackle conflicting interests and advance collective action at local level.
| 2 | 2other
| 1Other
|
149,092 |
The Lepidopteran insect M. brassicae is a generalist insect that feeds on plants from several species belonging to more than 20 families, of which members of the Brassicaceae are among the most preferred (Rojas et al., 2000; Cartea et al., 2009). Feeding by the caterpillars causes severe damage to the plants, and it is an economically devastating pest in agriculture (Cartea et al., 2010). Although it is documented that the moth of this insect is most active at night (Devetak et al., 2010), we found that at the larvae stage, under constant temperature conditions they feed similarly during light and dark periods. Hence, any change in the feeding preference of larva under the same conditions could be attributed to the differential chemical composition of the plant. Earlier reports have been shown that M. brassicae preference and performance are both affected by GSLs content and composition when comparing genotypes in choice and non-choice feeding experiments (Cartea et al., 2010; Jeschke et al., 2017; Badenes-Pérez and Cartea, 2021). However, how wounding and time-of-day may prime the plant to influence herbivore performance has not been previously reported. Here we demonstrated that the time of wounding alters M. brassicae feeding behavior in time and genotype-dependent manner. M. brassicae caterpillars consumed less leaf material when broccoli was wounded at ZT0 while in turnip greens the lowest consumption was found in plants wounded at ZT8. This correlates with the treatment that maximized GSL induction accumulation in each crop (Figures 2, 3). This suggests that plants may be adapted to use the circadian clock to schedule and gate defense to match the likely timing of an attack under natural conditions.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
362,559 |
Inhibition of acetyl cholinesterase enzyme can restore cholinergic functions and allow more retention of acetylcholine in the brain, which is essential for enhancing cognitive functions, learning, and memory. The present study validates the useful effect of ethyl acetate fraction of F. ammoniacum on scopolamine-induced memory impairments. Scopolamine significantly decreased memory in rodent’s model, indicating impairment in learning and memory in the behavioural Y-maze test. Our results were in line with the previous reported studies of other authors . Scopolamine is a muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist which significantly causes memory impairments in mice especially in the progressions of learning acquisition and short-term memory. Scopolamine induces oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in the brain tissue which can cause chronic activation of microglia that disrupt synaptic plasticity and finally neuronal death. The ROS directly damage the neuron by increasing intracellular Ca2+ level, while inflammatory cytokines are produced due to the activation of microglia that inhibit the production of BDNF and decrease the level of ACh .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
150,745 |
Schwann cells were harvested from sciatic nerves, which were exposed, removed, and kept in DMEM with the addition of 1% penicillin/streptomycin (Pellitteri et al. 2006). They were then digested in DMEM containing 0.1% collagenase and 2.5% trypsin, mechanically dissociated by trituration and filtered through a 150 µm nylon mesh. The day after seeding, the antimitotic agent cytosine arabinoside (10−5 M) was added to reduce fibroblast proliferation. Finally, SCs were resuspended in fresh medium and plated on 25 cm2 flasks. 24–48 h after reaching confluence, SC‐CM was collected, filtered to remove debris and detached cells, aliquoted and stored at − 20° C before further use. SCs were identified by immunostaining for S-100.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
147,419 |
Brain vital signs used for outcome measures included the raw amplitudes and latencies from the six evoked potential measures (3 ERP peaks ∗2 peak measures). Standardized brain vital sign scores were then created for Group A by comparing mean brain vital signs data to the distributions from Group B to generate a Z-score which was then linearly mapped to a 0–100 scale, a process described by Fickling et al. (2019b). Based on this approach, larger amplitudes and faster latencies were assigned higher scores; and smaller amplitudes and slower latencies were assigned lower scores (Table 1).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
25,558 |
Additionally, while healthcare providers must certainly screen for relationship problems, low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, PTSD, stress and other mental health problems, they should be cautious of assuming that poor mental health is the cause of otherwise unexplained sexual dysfunction in men under 40. The relationship between these factors and sexual dysfunction in young men may be bidirectional and co-occurring, or may be the consequence of sexual dysfunction .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
154,458 |
Results are sorted into two main sections, one per target population involved. As shown in Table 3, 12 out of the 30 reviews are related to online interventions targeting caregivers, 16 of them concern PWD, and two reviews target both PWD and caregivers. On the other hand, all of the nine new studies address PWD issues.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
226,124 |
The emission spectrum of 3 (Figure 3) demonstrates the typical TbIII luminescence bands at 486, 542, 585, and 620 nm associated with transitions from the 5D4 excited state of Tb3+ to the 7FJ multiplets (J = 6–3), respectively. The 5D4–4F2 transition demonstrates low intensity at 640 nm. The most intense band corresponds to the 5D4–7F5 transition; its intensity is about 62% of the total integrated intensity.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
70,793 |
The ABA is regarded as the key hormone during ED that uplifts the bud dormancy regulation (Cooke et al., 2012). The ABA level tend to increase during fall season, which results in shoot growth cessation, apical buds set promotion and bud dormancy induction. Similar study on poplar has revealed that ABA levels were peaked during the ceased growth of apical buds complemented with ABA synthesis-related genes (ABA1, NCED3, and ABA2) and components of ABA signal transduction (PP2C, ABAI1, and AREB3) (Arora et al., 2003; Ruttink et al., 2007). The elevated ABA level, accompanied by higher expression of VvNCED1 during grape bud dormancy induction and maintenance; yet, ABA catabolites increased and endogenous ABA levels declined when buds attained adequate chilling accumulation (Zheng et al., 2014). Likewise, gibberellins (GAs) are also pivotal to dormancy induction and release after chilling contentment (Schrader et al., 2004). The exogenous application of GAs can also stimulate the dormancy break in many angiosperms (Looney, 1997).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
370,827 |
The second theme within the Local level of the model was stigma. When women were able to carry condoms without stigma, this facilitated contraceptive use. Stigma often resulted from women accessing contraception (e.g. condoms) in some communities, sexual assault, and attending clinical appointments or accessing health services for contraception.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
94,161 |
Tpmt expression was silenced in UB/OC-1 cells using 50 nM siGENOME mouse Tpmt SMARTpool siRNA or siGENOME Non-Targeting siRNA #3 (Dharmacon). siRNA transfections were performed using Dharmafect 1 transfection reagent (Dharmacon) for 24 hours according to the manufacturer’s specifications. Tpmt expression was monitored by SYBR Green qPCR conducted in a 10 μl reaction consisting of 5 μl PowerSybr Green Master Mix, 2 μl of cDNA, and 300 nM primers using cycling conditions: 95°C—7 min and 40 cycles of 95°C—5 sec, 60°C—30 sec. Under these conditions Tpmt expression was decreased by 55% in UB/OC-1 cells (S1 Fig).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
375,340 |
Before it was edited into its present form, this report went through a succession of stages. The audio recordings were professionally transcribed by Pacific Transcription, Indooroopilly, Australia and supplemented, cross-checked, and edited by Anna Monro. The edited version of the transcript was then heavily re-edited by Heather Lindon and Helen Hartley, to convert it into a report format. At the same time some portions were rearranged to ensure that the report reflects the sequence of relevant provisions in the Code even when the order of the debates differed. Deviations from the chronology of events are indicated in the text by italicized bracketed notes. The resulting report was then further edited by Sandra Knapp, Anna Monro, and Nicholas Turland.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
122,427 |
(A) A simplified workflow for the P19 cell embryoid body formation and neuronal differentiation assays. (B) Phenotypical characteristics of the 3-day EBs and the 4-day EBs-derived cells. Yellow arrows indicate examples of neurons. (C) Expression of several neuronal marker genes in the P19-derived cells post EBs formation and differentiation procedures. The control cells were mock-treated with DMSO vehicles only throughout the experimental procedures. Values are mean ± s.e.m.; n = 4. **, p < 0.01, ***, p < 0.001.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
194,183 |
Considering the three lithic artefacts totally shielded from cosmic rays, their concentrations yield minimum burial ages (no post production) close to 300 ka for EKA18-Outil 1 and EKA19-90-Outil and close to 1.4 Ma for EKA18-Outil2 with palaeo-denudation rates within the range of 0.45–0.7 m Ma−1. EKA18-Outil 2 clearly has a complex exposure history or was produced on a previously buried cobble.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
|
332,736 |
Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is a widely used multimodality imaging method that provides metabolic information for oncological and non-oncological disease management (1). Steady improvements in detector design and architecture, as well as implementation of time-of-flight (TOF) and point spread function (PSF) correction technology, have led to significant improvements in sensitivity and image quality (2–5). New type of PET detectors, silicon photomultiplier (SiPM)-based detectors, has been recently developed (6–8) as a key innovation replacing conventional photomultipliers (PMT). Integration of SiPM in PET/CT scanners enabled the development of digital PET/CT scanners, replacing conventional analog PET/CT scanners. The technology, based on semi-conductor detector called SPAD (single photon avalanche diode), has better detection characteristics than PMT. Firstly, if individual SPAD are as sensitive as PMT, SPAD can cover the whole surface of scintillation crystal and the global sensitivity is higher. Secondly, SiPM are faster than PMT, resulting to a time resolution of 215 ps for Siemens Vision PET/CT system (9). The improvement in time resolution lead to more efficient TOF reconstructions with a very fast convergence and noiseless images (10) with high effective sensitivity in regards to PMT systems. Moreover, the sensitivity improvement gave the opportunity to design smaller crystal pixels leading to a better spatial resolution. Based on phantom studies that were recently published using digital PET systems (6, 11), it has been demonstrated that digital PET outperforms analog PET in terms of spatial resolution and sensitivity. However, to our knowledge, data on the comparison of digital PET and analog PET in terms of image quality and diagnostic confidence in patients undergoing PET/CT is scarce (12–14).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
90,701 |
Subsection “Co-overexpression of Fap7 and the r-protein uS11 bypasses in vivo requirement for Tsr2”, second paragraph: It wasn't stated whether the high-copy plasmids were subcloned and re-tested to confirm that the FAP7 and uS11 genes were responsible for the suppression observed. This would be required.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
70,199 |
Visualized neurons were patch clamped in whole cell configuration (Multiclamp 700B, MDS) and access resistance (Ra) was evaluated in voltage clamp mode. A gapfree protocol (Clampex V10, MDS) with a holding potential of −70 mV was used to record miniature synaptic events until the access resistance and holding current were stable in recording solution only. The slice was then superfused with recording solution containing 10 μM 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX; Tocris), 50 μM DL-2-Amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (DL-APV; Tocris) and 0.5 μM tetrodotoxin (TTX; Abcam) to block the AMPA- and NMDA-evoked miniature and large amplitude events due to direct action potential firing of inhibitory neurons, respectively, leaving only the GABA mediated miniature synaptic events (confirmed in preliminary experiments by complete blockade of remaining synaptic events with 10 μM bicuculline). LY354740, LY341495 and LY487379 (all made in-house) stocks were made in 100% DMSO at 1000× the desired working concentration. Compounds were diluted into the recording solution containing CNQX, APV and TTX immediately before application to the brain slice. All solutions applied to the brain slices contained 0.1%–0.2% DMSO. DMSO content was matched between solutions for each experimental protocol. Compound treatment periods were from 10 to 12 min in duration.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
24,580 |
The more hours of light per day, the higher the baseline expression of crf, crfbp, mr and gr-alpha, suggesting up-regulation of baseline HPI-axis activity. The HPI-axis is functional in larvae from day 3 onwards, i.e. following hatching (Alsop and Vijayan, 2008; Alderman and Bernier, 2009; Eto et al., 2014). Whether these changes are related to the increased hatching rate under continuous light and decreased hatching rate under continuous dark compared to 14L:10D (Ahmad, 2014; Villamizar et al., 2014) needs to be determined.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
345,510 |
For the analytes measured in module E602 (FERR, E2, TESTO), we used specific calibrator for each analyte (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, GmbH Germany). PreciControl Varia levels 1 and 2 (Roche 470 Diagnostics, Mannheim, GmbH, Germany), PreciControl Universal levels 1 and 2 (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, GmbH, Germany), and PreciControl Tumor Marker levels 1 and 2 (Roche 470 Diagnostics, Mannheim, GmbH, Germany) were used as normal and pathologic controls respectively.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
104,466 |
Four clinicians independently rated the severity of the dysphonia and the individual vocal symptoms on the USDRS for 56/60 subjects. Assessment of inter-clinician reliability for the clinician ratings was statistically significant, yielding a Cronbach Alpha of .905 for all parameters (see Table 6). The interclass correlations were significant for all symptoms on the USDRS except aphonia. See Tables 6 and 7. This high inter-clinician reliability may be associated with the clinician’s access to visual as well as audio information, which parallels the clinical assessment protocol.Table 6Inter-Clinician Reliability on the USDRS N = 56Cronbach’s AlphaInterclass Correlation Coefficient F-TestReliability across all parameters on USDRS0.905<0.001* *The reliability of clinician ratings of all perceptual symptoms was significant Table 7Inter-Clinician Reliability of Symptoms on the USDRSPerceptual RatingInterclass Correlation CoefficientF Test SignificanceSeverity of Dysphonia0.939<0.001*Roughness0.840<0.001*Breathiness0.4440.003*Strain-Strangled Quality0.849<0.001*Abrupt Voice Initiation0.755<0.001*Voice Arrest0.4130.007*Aphonia0.2410.098Voice Tremor0.903<0.001*Increased Expiratory Effort0.809<0.001*Speech Rate0.694<0.001*Intelligibility0.688<0.001*Note: All clinician ratings were made during review of the video recording of the Rainbow Passage and description of the Cookie Theft picture *The reliability of clinician ratings of perceptual symptoms was statistically significant at the .01 level
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
375,681 |
Knapp agreed that this was the correct way forward. The Section would vote on whether to commit a proposal to the Editorial Committee. If the Section did not want to send the proposal to the Editorial Committee, then the proposal itself would be discussed. This would work in the same way as sending a proposal to a Special-purpose Committee. Knapp went on to explain that, in a discussion about the situation over lunch, the manner of how to proceed was not clear because sending things to an Editorial Committee was not what normally happened in debating and parliamentary assemblies. Knapp admitted that it was a somewhat anomalous situation, but she wanted to see how the process would work and suggested that the Section try it out. Regarding Prop. JJ, Knapp confirmed that Turland had made a proposal to send this to the Editorial Committee, so the Section would now vote on that proposal.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
99,153 |
The effects of InuA on NFAT1-MDM2 pathway were first investigated in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. As shown in Figure 4A, InuA downregulated the expression of NFAT1 and MDM2 in both cell lines and activated the expression of wild-type p53 in MCF7 cells. However, no significant changes were observed in mutant p53 in MDA-MB-231 cells. To further investigate the molecular mechanisms responsible for the anticancer activity of InuA, we evaluated its effects on the expression of proteins involved in cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and DNA damage response. As shown in Figure 4B and 4C, InuA upregulated the expression of p21 and Bax, induced the cleavage of PARP, and reduced the expression of Cdk2, Cdk4, Cdk6, Cyclin D1, Cyclin E, c-Myc, and Bcl2 in both breast cancer cell lines. The compound also inhibited the expression of ATR, resulted in the phosphorylation of Chk1 at Ser317, Chk2 at Thr68, wild-type p53 at Ser15, and H2AX at Ser139 in breast cancer cells (Figure 4D). Next, we examined the protein expression in MDA-MB-231 orthotopic tumors by immunohistochemical staining, TUNEL assay (Figure 5A), and Western blotting assay (Figure 5B). The similar results were obtained in InuA-treated tumors as those observed in vitro.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
129,421 |
During the last deglaciation, influxes of fresh water from Lake Agassiz4 that cascaded into the North Atlantic decreased the salinity of surface water, weakened the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), changed the thermohaline circulation (THC), and influenced the global climate5. These centurial-to-millennial scale climatic oscillations correspond to the Older Dryas (OD)6, Younger Dryas (YD)7, and 8.2 ka event8, all of which are associated with a decline of the intensity of the Asian summer monsoon (ASM)9 through ocean–atmosphere coupling processes. Low-latitude monsoonal hydroclimatic responses are apparently slower than the transitions of the onsets and terminations of these high-latitude abrupt climate events10. Partin et al.11 used stalagmite records in the Philippines and eastern and southern China to propose that changes in the AMOC may not produce the same effects across the entire AM territory. The robustness of this argument should be verified with additional regional ASM records.
| 4 | 2other
| 0Study
|
93,678 |
In conclusion, the present study summarized and improved upon the previous methods for theca cell separation and culture, established a reliable duck theca cell culture model in vitro, and further defined the morphology, growth trends, and basic characteristics of theca cells.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
74,317 |
The association between the expression of differentially expressed miRNAs and patient overall survival was evaluated by univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis using the survival R package. Only those miRNAs with a p-value < 0.05 were considered as candidate variables and entered into a stepwise multivariate Cox regression analysis.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
313,032 |
The results of this study showed that treatments of L. buchneri, acetic acid, 1,2-propanediol, and 1-propanol did not alter in vitro digestibility, whereas they successfully modulated fermentation patterns towards producing more acetic acid and ethanol and substantially improved the aerobic stability of ensiled TMR. In addition, our findings also suggested that mechanisms of 1,2-propanediol and 1-propanol in altering fermentation may be different from that of L. buchneri or acetic acid. Further study is required to evaluate their effects on metabolic activities and microbial community structures during the ensiling.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
68,097 |
Most studies examined individual and household-level characteristics as risk factors for individual-level malaria infection and separately described aggregated variation in malaria, typically through detection of spatial clusters of malaria based on household of residence. A small number of studies explicitly analysed whether individual-level risk factors for malaria explain variation in risk between villages or other units. In a high-endemicity setting in Ghana , there was limited overlap between predictors of individual risk and predictors of village-aggregated risk. Similarly, in Kenya it was found that environmental factors and bed net use poorly predict malaria hotspots, although they do predict individual-level malaria risk. In Tanzania, residence in a hotspot was an independent predictor of malaria risk after adjusting for age, gender, mother’s education, using LLIN, presence of breeding sites, proximity to a health facility and housing quality . In Bangladesh, one study found that spatial variation in malaria could be explained by the same demographic and environmental factors (age, ethnicity, altitude, housing density, forest density) that predict individual-level malaria risk , but a subsequent study by the same group that included a broader range of social and environmental variables found that different factors explained individual malaria risk (age, gender, bed net ownership, increased forest cover, elevation and household density) compared to spatial clusters of malaria (ethnicity, forest cover, altitude, floor construction, household density and treatment preference). In a unique approach, a study in Venezuela found that using geographically weighted regression (GWR) models that allow coefficients to vary over space explained a higher proportion of variance than ordinary logistic regression (OLS) . In this study, environmental variables and village population size explained 61–98% of variation for each village in the GWR model. The most significant predictor of individual malaria risk in OLS modelling was the presence of breeding sites within a 1-km radius of the village, but this factor was not significant in every village in the GWR model. Conversely, altitude was identified as a significant risk factor in many villages in the GWR model but was not significant in OLS model.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
176,963 |
Figure 9 shows tensile load values and SHC values (SHC1 and SHC2) of three asphalt samples influenced by microvascular contents (1–3) under 0 °C during two self-healing cycles. They are one sample without microvascular, one sample with microvascular without rejuvenator, and one sample with microvascular containing rejuvenator, respectively. Each self-healing cycle was carried out for 24 h. By horizontally comparing the self-healing case of the three samples under the same conditions, we can further demonstrate the actual action of the microvascular presence. Before a self-healing process, the tension load value of the asphalt sample without the microvascular has the minimum tension load value, which is due to the microvascular characteristics of strengthening and toughening for asphalt material . Comparing reinforcement characteristics of microvasculars containing rejuvenator and microvasculars without rejuvenator on asphalt materials, the original tension load values of the two samples were almost equal. After the first cycle self-healing cycle, three samples had SHC1 values of 51%, 53% and 71%. It can thus be inferred that regenerants play a decisive role in terms of the self-healing process. The fractured samples were placed under 0 °C according to the original appearance of the samples, and allowed to undergo the second self-healing cycle for 24 h. It can be identified that two samples without rejuvenator had a decrease in SHC values. Meanwhile, the sample with rejuvenator had an even higher SHC2 value of 72% compared to the other two samples (46% and 52%). The SHC2 value of the sample without the microvascular was slightly lower than its first self-healing cycle. The possible reason was attributed to the absence of microvascular reinforcement and toughness. The asphalt material underwent a fracture–healing–refracture experiment with serious aging. The bituminous molecules were untangled and the intermolecular forces were reduced. Its self-healing ability was destroyed with the extension of service time. Simultaneously, it can be indicated that the rejuvenator improved the self-healing capability of the asphalt compared to the tension load values of asphalt/microvascular samples with/without rejuvenator. Rejuvenator does have a key role in the self-healing process.
| 1 | 2other
| 0Study
|
30,709 |
StOFOR2 and StOFOR1 possess domains III (1a–228a), I (228a–500a), and II (500a–627/628a) of the a-subunit and domain VI (1b–305b) of b-subunit but lack domains IV, V, and VII (Fig. 1a). The character (a or b) after the residue number indicates the subunit. The domain structures of StOFORs are basically similar to those of DaPFOR and MtOOR, regarding the spatial topology of domains I–III and VI (Fig. 1b–d). Domains I, II, and VI are mainly involved in the dimer interface of the two protomers in all OFORs (Fig. 2), whereas domains III and V are exposed on the protein surface. Domain VII in DaPFOR forms a long arm that extends over the other subunit15. In StOFORs, residues 229a–500a (domain I) and 501a–632a (domain II) are involved in the inter-subunit and inter-protomer interactions. Additionally, the C-terminal region of domain VI (283b–305b), which forms a short helix, extends over the other subunit and partly contributes to the dimer interface (Fig. 1b). This C-terminal extension of domain VI resembles domain VII in DaPFOR (Fig. 1c). Domain III of the a-subunit is stretched at both ends of the dimer, seemingly to maintain the balance of the enzyme as two wings. A database search using Dali server indicated that StOFOR2 is structurally similar to MtOOR (Z-score = 39.1, RMSD = 2.6 Å, and Nalign = 346 for a-subunit, and Z-score = 21.4, RMSD = 2.3 Å, and Nalign = 206 for b-subunit) and DaPFOR (Z-score = 37.6, RMSD = 2.7 Å, and Nalign = 346 for a-subunit, and Z-score = 19.6, RMSD = 2.6 Å, and Nalign = 222 for b-subunit).
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
201,095 |
To our knowledge, the potential gender-related differences in diagnostic inertia are not well delineated in the literature, which may be due to the recent definition of the phenomenon. However, there are studies about gender differences in therapeutic inertia; in 2007, Chou et al. observed inadequate levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in both men and women, but with lower levels of control in women. This result suggests that treatment may also be less intensive in women, that is, with greater therapeutic inertia in this group. A better understanding of the different health care patterns in men and women could therefore aid in efforts to prevent CVD . Thus, the overarching aim of this study is to assess the gender-related differences in diagnostic inertia around the three most prevalent cardiovascular risk factors: dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, and to evaluate its relationship with the risk of a cardiovascular event in adults aged 30 or over who have one of these risk factors.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
147,439 |
The increasing utilization of objective, physiological evaluation in concussion is encouraging, and not just in EEG/ERPs (Corbin-Berrigan et al., 2020). Consensus is emerging that a variety of additional modalities can be useful, such as blood and fluid biomarkers, genetic profiling, and vestibular and oculomotor assessments (Kontos et al., 2017; McCrea et al., 2017; McCrory et al., 2017; Wood et al., 2019; Slavoaca et al., 2020). Recently, machine learning techniques have demonstrated high sensitivity to logistic classification of injury status based on single or multimodal assessments (Jacquin et al., 2018; Boshra et al., 2019; Bazarian et al., 2021). While further validation and integration is required, there is an increasing urgency to develop portable, practical medical technologies based on these scientific findings to better enable point-of-care evaluations (Smith et al., 2017; Yue et al., 2020).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
73,936 |
Can the RL theory explain our results? Although different factors related to depression (i.e., hyposensitivity to reward and hypersensitivity to loss) have been known to affect the increasing and the decreasing item values, the present results cannot be explained fully based on notions about RL theory examined in studies of externally guided decision-making. In studies of the relation between depression and externally guided decision-making, depressed individuals are known to show impaired ability to increase the item value through RL in decision-making tasks with reward-maximization goals , but they show a persistent ability to decrease the item value in the task with a loss-minimization goal . The cause of the impaired ability to increase the item value is probably hyposensitivity to gain in depressed individuals , whereas the cause of retained ability to decrease the item value is probably hypersensitivity to loss . Although those factors can apparently account for the asymmetric relation between depression and choice-induced preference change, the present results are inconsistent with these notions. Our study demonstrated that depressed participants in a non-clinical sample show retained ability to increase the preference of chosen items and impaired ability to decrease the preference for rejected items. This inconsistency might have emerged from the difference of decision-making types.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
211,225 |
Grapes were hand-harvested during 2013 vintage (24 September 2013) in light of their commercial maturity (soluble solids 24–25° Brix, total acidity 5–6 g/L of tartaric acid). The harvested grapes were placed into small baskets and immediately transported to the China International Trust and Investment Corporation (CITIC) Guoan winery in Manas County.
| 2 | 2other
| 1Other
|
284,409 |
Whereas the classical use of AutoDock needs the computation of a single pre-processing grid, the AMIDE strategy consists of cutting the tridimensional receptor structures into smaller grids. The grids are overlapping so that no information is lost through unexplored regions. A slicing in 8 (2 × 2 × 2), 12 (3 × 2 × 2), or 27 (3 × 3 × 3) boxes is possible, but the 12 overlapping boxes slicing showed optimal docking quality . All the sub-docking experiments are then simultaneously performed independently of each other thanks to CPU (Central Processing Unit) parallelization. The calculation time is reduced since the calculation is not batched on the single-threading instance but rather separated into multicore processes. This distribution depends on the number of processing cores or even on the number of processors, as shown in Figure 1.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
634 |
Detailed flow cytometry results from cell cycle analysis. Displayed are percentages of cells in the indicated cell cycle phase as measured by flow cytometric cell cycle analyses following the indicated treatment for 48 h in four different UCCs and in HBLAK cells (Fig. 2d) or in VM-Cub1 knockout cells (Fig. 5d). (PDF 177 kb)
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
193,347 |
SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism; CHR, chromosome; POS, position of the clumping region on the chromosome; Alt. allele, alternative allele; Ref. allele, reference allele; HF, heart failure; DIST: the smallest (in absolute value) signed distance of the nearest gene to the loci. The threshold P of linkage disequilibrium is 5e−5. Clump results use a distance of 500 kb and R 2 of 0.4. SNP positions are reported according to Build GRch37.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
341,078 |
Based on our ex vivo Langendorff and IonOptix data, we hypothesized that the better recovery and smaller Ca2+ transients of the CKO hearts might be due to a decreased amount of Ca2+ in the SR. In I/R injury, Ca2+ is one of the major triggers to open the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and induce programmed necrosis (Morciano et al., 2015). Lower baseline SR Ca2+ concentrations would result in a smaller amount of Ca2+ entering into the mitochondria in response to I/R and therefore, less cell death would occur in the myocardium. This dampening of mitochondrial Ca2+ influx and protection against mPTP formation could explain the better recovery of the CKO hearts in the ex vivo I/R injury model, and the lower amount of creatine kinase after I/R injury. To determine relative SR Ca2+ content, we stimulated Con and CKO CMs with caffeine, a Ca2+‐induced Ca2+ release stimulator (Figure 6a). We found CKO CMs had significantly lower SR Ca2+ (0.15 ± 0.01 vs. 0.07 ± 0.01 for Con vs. CKO CMs, p < 0.001, Figure 6b). Peak shortening was also significantly reduced in CKO CMs, indicating they did not completely contract when stimulated with caffeine, as compared to Con CMs (20.0 ± 1.6 vs. 13.3 ± 1.9% for Con vs. CKO CMs, p < 0.05, Figure 6b). Together, these data demonstrate CKO CMs have significantly less SR Ca2+ content, which could potentially explain the better recovery of the CKO hearts in ex vivo I/R, but at the cost of less efficient and more irregular contractions at the cellular level.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
280,611 |
Therefore, this study aimed to investigate factors affecting (1) women’s media use on health-related behaviors during pregnancy and lactation, (2) women’s preferences of format, and (3) the content of media-based interventions on LRRFs during pregnancy and lactation.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
305,243 |
To further evaluate intervention acceptability, 6-month and 12-month qualitative interviews will be recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis will be informed by grounded theory methods based on our semistructured questions. Transcripts will be independently coded by at least 2 separate investigators to identify emergent themes in an iterative process until thematic saturation is reached. We will particularly search for themes that may give insights into factors mediating a shift in self-efficacy towards longer-term maintenance of walking and overall physical activity.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
274,610 |
All the isolates demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, Shigella flexneri, E. coli (NCTC 10418) and Staphylococcus aureus (NCTC 6571). Furthermore, L. plantarum isolated from Dadih in West Sumatra was identified with good probiotic properties given it inhibits the growth of E. coli (Abesinghe et al., 2020); however, such growth inhibition of E. coli was not observed in the current study and it may be a strain level differences within the same species. L. acidophilus and L. curvatus showed the highest antimicrobial ability against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (Table 2) in agreement with Makras et al. (2006). Moreover, the isolates demonstrated antifungal activity against Candida krusei (ATCC 6258) and Candida tropicalis (ATCC 13803). The preserving effects rendered are mainly due to the production of lactic acid, acetic acid and other compounds such as ethanol, formic acid, hydrogen peroxide, diacetyl, reuterin, reutericyclin and bacteriocin or related compounds (Anas et al., 2010). In contrast, Rönnqvist et al. (2007) found that L. fermentum (strain Ess-1) produce antifungal agents against C. albicans; however, the antifungal effect for C. albicans was not evident in the current study with respect to any of the L. fermentum strains. Therefore, it is possible to conclude in some antimicrobial and antifungal properties differ at strain level.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
27,705 |
c Measured GFR (mGFR) data pooled from various studies, which could have used different exogenous filtration markers for the measurement of mGFR, bias calculated by the mean difference between mGFR and eGFR (mGFR-eGFR); hence, a negative value would mean overestimation and a positive value mean underestimation of GFR compared to the measured GFR
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
291,004 |
Effects of mTOR inhibition on ROS‐induced peroxidation after TBI. Treatment with KU0063794 significantly reduced ROMO1 expression, compared to TBI‐injured animals (C). A significant increase in COX2 and iNOS was observed in the brain from TBI mice (A, A1 and B, B1, respectively) compared with the Sham mice (A, A1 and B, B1, respectively), whereas rapamycin and KU0063794 treatment significantly reduced COX2 and iNOS expression (A, A1 and B, B1, respectively). The same β‐actin bands were used for COX2 and iNOS. Data show one representative blot from three independent experiments with similar results. Data are expressed as Mean ± SEM from N = 10 mice/group. *** P <.001 vs sham; ## P <.01 vs TBI; ### P <.001 vs TBI
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
67,632 |
An aliquot of extracts from male beetles was reduced by addition of ~1 mg 5% Pd on carbon, and stirring for 2 h under H2. After filtration through Celite, the resulting product was analysed by GC-MS. A second aliquot was concentrated just to dryness, and then treated with 200 μl of a solution of LiAlH4 in ether (5 mg/ml) for 2 h at room temp. The resulting mixture was diluted with 1 ml ether, then carefully quenched with 1 M aqueous HCl (foams!). The ether layer was washed with saturated NaHCO3 solution and brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, concentrated, and analysed by GC-MS.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
380,658 |
The standardized parameter estimates used in the confirmatory factor analysis associated with behavioral tendency are listed in Table 3: for the attitude dimension, the factor loading ranges from 0.76 to 0.88; for the subjective norm dimension, it is from 0.78 to 0.89; for the perceived behavioral control dimension, it varies between 0.82 and 0.86; and that for the behavioral intention dimension, it is between 0.83 and 0.91. For the four latent variables, i.e., attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention, the composite reliability is 0.91, 0.90, 0.88, and 0.93, respectively, while their AVE is 0.72, 0.70, 0.71, and 0.79, respectively.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
27,578 |
The results of gender difference and classification. In (A), the boxplot of the mean FA which was calculated by using the tract-averaged estimate method is displayed. ROC curve and AUC for evaluating the diagnosis of the gender difference with the tract-averaged estimate method is shown in (B). In (C), the local fiber tract which reflects the gender difference is visualized by using the along-tract group analysis. ROC curve and AUC for evaluating the diagnosis of gender difference with the along-tract group analysis is shown in (D).
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
80,016 |
Hosts have evolved a variety of strategies to recognize and restrict the invading viruses, limiting the damage to survive virus infection. Upon viral invasion, host cells recognize the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the viruses by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), and downstream immune signaling is then activated, finally inducing expression of cellular chemokines and interferons to eliminate the viruses or stimulate further antiviral adaptive immunity response. On the other hand, viruses attempt to protect themselves by all means such as disturbing virus recognition, interrupting immune signaling, and destroying antiviral factors. In a previous report by Gupta K et at, the protein level of ABIN1 was shown to be extremely low in resting CD4+ T cells and significantly elevated upon activation by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) , while HIV-1 efficiently infects activated CD4+ T cells rather than resting CD4+ T cells. Consistently, our results showed that depletion of ABIN1 in primary CD4+ cells led to promoted HIV-1 replication. In addition, HIV-1 infection had an influence on ABIN1 expression. The mRNA level of ABIN1 was slightly decreased upon acute HIV-1 infection but significantly increased at 72 h post infection, suggesting that ABIN1 may undergo successively regulation by both virus and host. Initially, ABIN1 was suppressed in acute responses to viral infection; some time later it was motivated in response to activated host immune response (Fig. 1b, c). Moreover, recent study by Li et al. suggested that ABIN1 could inhibit the activation of HIV-1 latency. Taken together, we believe that ABIN1 is intimately involved in cellular response to HIV-1 infection and playing an important role in host resistance to HIV-1 replication under natural infection. Therefore, the ABIN1-mediated interaction of HIV-1 and host cells appears to follow the old saying: as vice rises one foot, virtues rise toil.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
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