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In their meta-analysis, Fazel et al. determined the percentages of individuals dependent on alcohol at 8.5–58.1%., pointing out one important fact that the percentages of alcohol-dependent individuals among the homeless are generally higher in Europe than in the United States . Romaszko et al. estimated that 78.57% of Polish homeless were dependent on alcohol . In our study, alcohol related deaths amount up to 19.72%. However, if we assume that deaths due to hypothermia among the homeless are very likely to be secondary to alcohol consumption, then this value will increase to 23.24%. In our view, irrespective of different qualifications of such deaths by various authors, in this subpopulation such estimation is justified.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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160,415 |
During plant evolution, gene duplication is a universal event in all organisms and is important in dissecting the novelties (Lynch & Conery, 2000). According to Fig. 4, seven duplication events were predicted among six chromosomes (Chr02, Chr04, Chr06, Chr08, Chr11, and Chr14), and these duplication events occurred in three subfamilies (B1, C2.1, and D1) of BpDof genes. All of the potential duplication events were inter-chromosomal duplication that occurred between two different chromosomes. Furthermore, the duplicated genes belonged to the same subfamilies, and the three groups of genes were found to have strong collinearity. BpChr06G02126 and BpChr02G19918 were in one group, BpChr06G09621, BpChr11G09292, and BpChr14G12625 were in another group, and the last group included BpChr04G00494, BpChr08G17028, and BpChr11G05806. The Ka/Ks values of these BpDof genes were all less than 1 except those of BpChr11G09292-BpChr14G12625 (Table 2), indicating that they have undergone strong purifying selection during the evolution. The Ks value of BpChr11G09292-BpChr14G12625 was NaN leading to Ka/Ks value as NaN, indicating that gene duplication caused mutation at the nucleic acid level but not at the amino acid level.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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177,826 |
In response to a stress stimulus that can lead to cancer development, such as DNA damage, p53 will activate the downstream effectors of the protein p21, causing the cell cycle arrest32, 33. The protein p21 acts as a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, resulting cell cycle arrest by binding to CDK-1, CDK-2, and CDK 4/634. The progression of the cell cycle from one phase to the next is driven and regulated by cyclins, which activate the catalytic enzyme of CDKs by binding to form cyclin-CDK complexes35, 36. In mammals, there are over 20 different types of cyclins and CDKs. Nonetheless, only a few are known to be involved as regulators in cell cycle progression, with various types of cyclin-CDKs complexes engaged during the various phases of G1, S, G2, and M to complete the cell cycle37, 38. Cyclin D and cyclin E, for example, play critical roles in inactivating CDKs during the cell cycle transitions from G1 to S39, 40.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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223,467 |
HT, the main phenolic compound of the olive oil, has also been shown to be effective in breast cancer. It inhibits cell growth and cell cycle arrest by reducing the expression of cyclinD1 by upregulating c-Jun and reducing pin-1 expression . Moreover, OLP and HT decrease the migration and invasion of estrogen-positive breast cancer cell lines such as MCF7 and T47D via autophagy activation or histone deacetylase regulation . Sirianni et al. showed that OLE and HT inhibit the ERK1/2 activation that is dependent on E2 .
| 5 | 0biomedical
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221,500 |
The third and final objective was to test whether machine learning models could effectively distinguish between the treated tMFCs based on voltage output. The RBF method had the highest accuracy of 96.6% for 6pt-All-RBF-”Unanimous” model settings, while the KNN methods had at best an accuracy of 80.4% for 4pt-All-KNN-5-”Dominant” model settings (Table 4). While KNN is a commonly used method38-39, it is not recommended for this dataset due to the poor performance compared to RBF. Standardizations that were AC- or control-specific are also not recommended, as the highest “General Accuracy” of either was 82.9% for 6pt-control-RBF-”Unanimous” at 82.9% (S1 File). Standardizing across all datasets improved accuracy, as 7 of the 10 best performing models had datasets where all replicates were standardized, but one of the models using raw data had 94.7% accuracy. In terms of interpreters, there was no clear best option, as three of the four were equally present in the top 10, with “Unanimous” having the most examples (Table 4). “Minimum Consensus” was not present anywhere, as all models using it had greater than 50% of their classifications being “Unknown”. To maximize “General Accuracy”, it is recommended to use the Radial Basis Function and to standardize across all datasets.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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83,432 |
Abbreviations: Apo-A1: Apolipoprotein-A1, ABCA1: ATP-binding cassette transporter A1, HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol, Apo-B100: Apolipoprotein-B100, LDL-C: low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, LDL-R: low density lipoprotein-receptor, LCAT: lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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195,851 |
Initiatives to assist internet access and awareness in older and underserved populations are needed to close the digital divide. Mobile access to web-based health services is increasingly being used by hospital systems and providers. SMS text messaging, a popular mobile media platform, is a possible candidate for health interventions. Mayberry et al reported that interventions that use SMS text messaging services may be more accessible to people with diabetes when compared with internet-based platforms, as people with diabetes were found to use internet-dependent interventions less than those conducted through SMS text messages.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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281,244 |
Tests performed on liver cells showed that, after short-term PE treatment, the phosphorylation levels of IR and Akt kinase increased in hormone-stimulated, but not in non-stimulated, cells. Akt kinase is an essential effector of the insulin signalling pathway and its enhanced phosphorylation is an expected/essential event to propagate the signalling wave trigger by insulin . Similarly, a plethora of studies demonstrated that the enhancement of Akt phosphorylation is a common landmark observed in both muscle and liver cells treated with PTP1B inhibitors . In analogy with this evidence, the data reported in this study show that treatment of liver cells with PE enhances insulin activity, suggesting that it acts as an insulin-sensitising agent. Moreover, our data indicate that PE, despite the presence of a charged phosphate group, can cross the plasma membrane and move within the cytoplasm of cells where it inhibits PTP1B, thus enhancing the insulin signalling pathway. This finding is quite surprising, considering that most low molecular weight inhibitors with a phosphate group show poor permeability across the cell membrane . Although no information is currently available on the mechanisms promoting PE internalisation in liver cells, it can be hypothesised that its entry into cells may be mediated by fatty acid transporters present on the cell surface or, alternatively, by the process of endocytosis. Further tests will be needed in the future to confirm this hypothesis.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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160,921 |
Lastly, GMV and WMV are global measures representing brain development. However, determination of developmental changes of other measures such as gyrification and individual volumes of subcortical structures are necessary to characterize PT brain development, but data is not available.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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182,178 |
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) provides insights into the biology of brain tumors that extend beyond MRI and that can be used for differential diagnosis, noninvasive grading, delineating the extent of tumor involvement, for planning surgery and radiotherapy, and for post-treatment monitoring and prognostics. One of the main advantages of PET radiotracers over conventional MRI is that, in addition to image-specific pathophysiological mechanisms, these radiotracers are in most cases independent of disruption of the blood brain barrier (BBB) as opposed to contrast-enhanced MRI sequences .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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378,639 |
In this study, we identified a new mammalian adaptive mutation, PB2-I292V, which is highly prevalent in circulating H9N2, its reassortants and pdm H1N1 virus. PB2-292V mutation confers increased viral polymerase activity and enhanced inhibition of IFN-β induction in human cells. In the mouse model, PB2-292V mutation increases H9N2 virus replication with ensuing increase in disease severity. These findings provide an explanation for increased human infection cases of avian H9N2 virus and its reassortants.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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4,075 |
Blood BDNF was quantified by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (BDNF Emax Immunoassay System; Promega Corp.), according to the manufacturer’s instructions . All assays were performed in Costar 96-well ELISA plates (Corning Inc., Acton, MA, USA). After conjugate of HRP and color developed, each sample measured at a wavelength of 450/570 nm. The content was quantified by a standard curve generated using known amounts of BDNF, and with a detection sensitivity <7.8 pg/mL.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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104,776 |
Native acrylamide and 1% agarose gels were used to investigate the electrophoretic mobility of peptide, plasmid and complexes of pDNA/MPG-2H1 (0.1 µg pDNA and 2.43 µg MPG-2H1) and pDNA/MPG-2H1/GQDs (0.1 µg pDNA, 2.43 µg MPG-2H1, and 1.6 × 10−2 nmol GQDs) and followed by trypan blue staining and visualization by UV-illumination, respectively.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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183,628 |
Although both nucleic acid purification methods (Methods 3 and 4) had the highest extraction DNA yield and comparable extraction quality, the Method using Reagent DX (Method 4) resulted in the highest number of contaminant genera detected in the negative control and the lowest relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the cloacal swab samples. Therefore, it may be most appropriate to use clarifying solution in place of Reagent DX for DNA extraction in cloacal swabs. As no differences were observed in bacterial diversity metrics, we can conclude that the choice of specific DNA extraction method tested in this study does not affect overall sequencing outcomes in cloacal swabs; however, it is critically important to add both positive and negative extraction controls to microbiome projects in order to properly detect and account for contaminant bacteria. This research provides guidance to investigators in future studies on animal microbiomes, particularly those involving poultry cloacal samples.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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222,681 |
Moreover, the overall DHEAS concentration increased by 13.8% after DC1 treatment (t0 = 210 μg/dl, t1 = 239 μg/dl; p = 0.049). Both T and DHEAS remained within the normal range after the treatment (Fig. 5). Fig. 5Effect of D-chiro-inositol (DCI) treatment on dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels. DHEAS levels from 10 male volunteers at baseline (t0) and after 30 days of treatment (t1) with 1 g DCI per day are presented as median values of DHEAS (box plots) (p = 0.0488; Wilcoxon signed rank sum test). Symbol explanation: see caption of Fig. 1a
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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83,020 |
A calibration procedure is required for sensing in a robotic system, and a calibration platform was designed as presented in Figure 4c. The body of the elastic module is grounded on the platform, and the deflection is measured with the encoder mounted on the outer ring. Additionally, the external torque is generated by the force-bearing bar. The measurement signal is obtained from a programmable multi-axis controller (PMAC, Delta, Chatsworth, CA, USA). During the calibration experiment, the loading cell straining on the elastic module ranges from 100 g to 2.5 kg with 50 g increments. The results given in Figure 4d show that the stiffness is Ke=60.2 Nm/rad. Compared with simulation, the calculation error is 4.5%. Moreover, the resolution 0.1 Nm is guaranteed by the 12-bit resolution magnetic encoder.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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128,911 |
For Phase II, we proposed adopting an electronic data entry platform (Table 4). For CGWEP, we proposed NEMO/ELMO, an open-source and cloud-based mobile data collection and reporting system developed by The Carter Center, because the platform is familiar to field staff . This would permit paper-based data collection at the field-level while allowing data to be stored centrally in NEMO/ELMO’s SQL database, thereby eliminating the need to enter data onto spreadsheets and mitigating risks arising from data residing in different physical devices and reduce loss of data due to stolen, lost, or damaged equipment. Electronic data entry and centralized storage would automate reconciliation and compilation of data (e.g., data cleaning, integration, and performing quality checks), which are currently being done manually. For example, data quality measures such as standardized lists (drop-down lists) could be developed for categorical variables (e.g., sex, village, etc.); these would ensure that data are entered in a standard format without spelling mistakes. To test this process, as part of this Info-Aid, we built survey instruments in NEMO/ELMO for the ‘form for rumor of infection in animals’ and ‘form for investigating infections in animals’ (forms 1 and 2 in Table 2).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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319,308 |
In the residue section, data gaps were identified in the framework of the assessment of the confirmatory data. The data gap for storage stability data on dithianon residues in grape wine was not addressed whilst sufficient and acceptable processing trials to determine the magnitude of residues of the metabolites Reg. No. 4107273, Reg. No. 31062, Reg. No. 4005234 (Phthalic acid) and Reg. No. 4110933 in apple and grapes processed commodities have been provided. Given the identified data gap to address the general toxicity of metabolites Reg. No. 4107273 and Reg. No. 4005234 (Phthalic acid) recovered at significant levels in apples and grapes processed commodities, the residue definition for monitoring and risk assessment in processed commodities remain open and the consumer dietary risk assessment cannot be finalised. An acute intake concern has already been identified for table grapes (149% ARfD) in the previous EFSA conclusions according to PRIMo rev.2A (EFSA, 2010, 2015). According to EFSA_PRIMo_rev.3.1 Model, a chronic intake concern was identified for the representative uses on pome fruit and table and wine grapes (IEDI: 109% acceptable daily intake (ADI) (NL toddler)) whilst an acute intake concern was confirmed for table grapes (IESTI: 165% ARfD) and further identified for pears (IESTI: 118% ARfD).
| 4 | 0biomedical
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233,879 |
The study results suggest that future research on P2P lending should focus on the behavioral component of these transactions. For example, research should answer the question of how individual-related and context-related issues affect P2P lending transactions, considering the perspectives of both borrowers and lenders. Future research should also examine how to reduce information imbalances by avoiding the noise it generates, which can prevent these transactions from functioning correctly. It would also be valuable to analyze the moderating role of some variables (innovation orientation, entrepreneurial orientation of borrowers and lenders, and cultural values) in this causal relationship.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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265,269 |
The dependence of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$k_{{\text{s}}}$$\end{document}ks on the thickness \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_{{\text{Be or PbBi}}}$$\end{document}TBe or PbBi (a) and the γ-ray beam intensity required for maintaining a 1.0 MWt thermal power (b). The solid circle and long dashed-dotted line correspond to the simulated data and the fitting curve, respectively, for varying Be layer thickness but with a 3-cm-thick Pb-Bi layer. The solid square and short dashed line correspond to those obtained without the Pb-Bi layer. The inverse triangle and long dashed-dotted-dotted line correspond to the simulated data and the fitting result, respectively, for varying Pb-Bilayer thickness but with the 3-cm-thick Be layer. The regular triangle and long dashed line correspond to those without Be layer.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
313,744 |
Linear regression analysis showed that the automated bone age was accurate to determine bone age in healthy Caucasian North European girls (r=0.957 and p<0.0001) (see Figure 2). The ICC was 0.96 (LC95% = 0.94). The mean of the differences in the Bland and Altman plot equal to -0.07 (see Figure 3).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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394,785 |
a Intersection of mature erythroid super-enhancers (SE, n = 95) and non-super-enhancers (non-SE, n = 1172) with significant interacting fragments (MPPC ≥ 0.01) identified interacting genes. b Level of H3K27ac (fragment per kilobase per million mapped reads) over the promoters of significantly interacting genes interacting with SE (n = 226) and non-SE (n = 2042). For a and b, boxplots whiskers show 5–95 percentile and box shows 25th and 75th percentiles with the median, **p = 0.005, ****p < 0.0001 for a two-sided Mann–Whitney U-test. c Mean nascent expression for SE-interacting genes (n = 226 genes, each dot is the mean of three biological replicates) throughout erythroid differentiation was determined using 4sU-seq in haematopoietic stem and progenitor and burst-forming unit-erythroid cells (S0-Low), early and late colony-forming unit-erythroid cells (S0-medium and S1, respectively), and maturing terminal differentiating cells (S2, S3). Error bars show mean with 95% confidence interval. ***p = 0.0005, ****p < 0.0001 one-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparison test. d MA plot of expression in S0-Low and S3 cells with SE-interacting genes highlighted. e Percentage of total genes and SE-interacting genes with increased or decreased expression throughout differentiation. ****p < 0.0001 Chi-squared test (d.f. = 3). Source data are available in the Source Data file.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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154,874 |
Epidermin was first identified in the S. epidermidis Tü3298 strain [19, 41]. In the Tü3298 strain, epidermin is located on the plasmid, pTu32. Recently, the whole genome sequence of the Tü3298 strain was determined , but the entire plasmid sequence of pEpi56 was not reported. Therefore, our study is the first to report the complete nucleotide sequence of epidermin harboring plasmids. Additionally, the epidermin-producing strain identified in this study was the second strain, following the Tü3298 strain. The nucleotide sequence of the epiA coding epidermin showed 2 mismatches between the two strains, but the amino acid sequence was similar. When the epidermin synthesis genes were compared between the 2 strains, epiT showed a significant difference (Fig 2B). epiT in KSE56 was intact, while this gene in Tu3298 was disrupted into 2 genes, epiT’ and epiT” in Tü3298.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
212,669 |
The Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to construct a TO-GCN for each organ, including the brain, lung, trachea, and olf, and genes that met the threshold criteria (PCC > 0.75 and p-adj < 0.05) were screened. Next, the sub-networks with fewer than 20 genes were removed, and the network with the largest number of genes was defined as a TO-GCN (Figure 3).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
262,722 |
The economic system is a subsystem of the ecosystem , and the ecological boundary constrains the expansion of the economic system. Human beings have changed from an “empty world,” where artificial capital is relatively scarce, to a “full world,” where natural capital is scarce. In a “full world,” the constraint of resources and environment on economic growth is becoming increasingly apparent, and the development of society must be achieved within the ecological carrying capacity . It belongs to the category of strong, sustainable development. The traditional pursuit of economic performance based on the consumption of ecological resources, that is, eco-efficiency, still belongs to weak sustainable development . In contrast to weak sustainability, strong sustainability emphasizes the non-decreasing nature of key natural capital and argues that man-made capital cannot wholly replace natural capital . Based on the theory of strong sustainability, social development must increase the comprehensive well-being level, including economic, social, and environmental well-being with the least possible ecological resource consumption under the ecological threshold constraint, that is, improving EWP. It also realizes the change from a material-based view of pursuing ecological efficiency to a human-centered view of development pursuing EWP. We established an analytical framework (Figure 1) for EWP based on the article by Zang et al. (2013) .
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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359,381 |
To further observe and verify the effect of betaine on TJ proteins, immunofluorescence was used since the results obtained from the immunofluorescence microscope are more visualized. After different processing, we observed the localization and expression of TJ protein Claudin-1 (Fig. 4). The protein of ctrl is complete and well-connected while LPS destroyed it. When co-treated with betaine it was recovered, and excitingly betaine alone processing team has the best expression, which proved that betaine can enhance the expression of TJ protein. Fig. 4Immunofluorescence results of four groups with different treatments. a showed the result of immunofluorescence localization of the TJ protein Claudin-1. The TJ protein of control processing group was in good connection while the LPS treatment group was seriously destroyed. The LPS and betaine combined treatment group was much better than the LPS treatment group and nearly the same as the control group. Betaine alone treatment group had the best expression of Claudin-1. b was the semi-quantitative analysis of fluorescence intensity. All the results were repeated three times (n = 3, *P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, compared with control)
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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165,661 |
To determine the contributions of DNA architecture to Siz2‐mediated SUMO conjugation of RPA, we reconstituted SUMO modification of RPA in the presence of different DNA structures. We show that a DNA duplex containing a 3' ssDNA overhang but not a 5' ssDNA overhang stimulates Siz2‐mediated SUMO conjugation of RPA. This result is consistent with the topology of resected DNA ends in vivo. Subsequent mutational analysis reveals that protein–DNA and protein–protein interactions contribute to Siz2‐dependent RPA modification. Finally, we propose that the SUMO‐RPA signal can be amplified because SUMO‐RPA complexes readily exchange with RPA to enable successive rounds of Siz2‐dependent SUMO modification of RPA in a manner that is dependent on the resected DNA end.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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106,394 |
For the analysis of cadaveric data, prevalence rates and elements of descriptive statistics were used where appropriate. To pool the data into the meta-analysis, pooled prevalence estimates were calculated using MetaXL version 2.0 by EpiGear International Pty. Ltd. (Wilston, Queensland, Australia). A random effects model was used for all meta-analysis calculations. Heterogeneity among the included studies was measured using the Chi2 test and the I2 statistic. For the Chi2 test, a Cochran's Q p value of <0.10 indicated significant heterogeneity . The results of the I2 statistic were interpreted as follows: 0–40% might not be important; 30–60% could indicate moderate heterogeneity; 50–90% could indicate substantial heterogeneity; and 75–100% could represent considerable heterogeneity .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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271,314 |
The present study investigated the prevalence of AR among Korean female nurses to determine the associations between AR and sleep disturbances, fatigue, and depressive symptoms by analyzing the data from the Korea Nurses’ Health Study. The results revealed that the prevalence of AR among Korean female nurses was 20.9%, which was slightly lower than the 24.5% prevalence among Korean females aged 20–29 years old that was identified through data from the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010−2012) . However, considering that the prevalence of AR has been found to peak between 20 and 29 years of age and then gradually decrease , it may be that the prevalence of AR was relatively low in this study because females aged 30 years or older accounted for 82.1% of the participants.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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188,604 |
TBI produces multivariate inflammatory profiles. Non-linear PCA of multianalyte assay of 58 proteins. (A) Scree plot showing the proportion of overall variance that was accounted for by each orthogonal PC. The first component (PC1) accounted for 16.5% of the variance, followed by 13.9% of variance accounted for by PC2. There was a precipitous drop in variance accounted in PCs after PC2. (B) Matrix of the first seven PCs by 58 proteins. Heat map shows higher PC loadings in red and lower PC loadings in blue. A biologically interpretable pattern of loadings was identified in PC2, with proteins that loaded strongly being predominantly associated inflammation. (C) Permutation testing in PC2 indicated that the loadings for 36 of the 58 proteins were significantly above chance.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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300,044 |
In conclusion, we present herein a facile droplet-based microfluidic preparation of Fe3O4-incorporated alginate hydrogel micromotors with variable shapes. First, monodisperse (quasi-)spherical Na-Alg/Fe3O4 microparticles are obtained by using droplet-based microfluidics and water diffusion. The diameter of Na-Alg/Fe3O4 microparticles varies from 31.9 to 102.7 µm, depending on the initial concentration of Na-Alginate in dispersed fluid. The mechanism of the formation of Na-Alg/Fe3O4 microparticles is proposed to explain different morphology observed by SEM. Second, an aqueous solution of CaCl2 is used for gelation, transforming Na-Alg/Fe3O4 microparticles into Ca-Alg/Fe3O4 micromotors. Spherical, droplet-like, and worm-like shapes are obtained, which is mainly affected by the concentration of CaCl2. The mechanism of deformation is proposed considering the crosslinking and anisotropic swelling during the gelation. Finally, Ca-Alg/Fe3O4 micromotors are actuated by applying external magnetic fields, showing their potential of developing functional micro/nano-motors.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
201,514 |
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (~17–28 nucleotides) endogenous RNA molecules which regulate mRNA stability and translation as part of the RISC complex, by binding to specific sites in the 3′ untranslated regions of the mRNAs through partial sequence complementarity . Since the discovery of miRNAs at the turn of the century, their involvement in a variety of biological processes has been described, and it is estimated that the expression of >60% of all protein-coding genes is regulated by miRNAs , and depending on the inclusion criteria, between 600 and 2000 miRNAs are encoded in the human genome .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
95,085 |
As suggested by the model, replacement of P174 with azF results in a significant change in activity. The overall catalytic efficiency of TEMP174azF was 60% lower compared to wt TEM (Fig. 3). The major effect was on k cat which was 3 fold lower compared to wt TEM (ESI Table 1†), supporting the evidence from the model that the likely effect of azF incorporation at residue 174 is to disrupt interactions of residues associated with catalysis. This was offset by a slightly increased ampicillin affinity.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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361,154 |
The structural morphology and topography of the CNFs from Napier fibers were analysed by AFM. The samples were examined in a Park Systems NX-10 microscope, Suwon, Korea. A droplet of the CNF suspension was deposited on a glass slide, allowed to dry at 25 °C overnight, and then analysed by AFM. The AFM experiments were conducted in the tapping mode, at 25 °C. The scan was carried out at a rate of 1 Hz, with an image resolution of 0.015 nm, attached to a silicon cantilever spring constant of between 25 and 50 N m−1, followed by a resonance frequency up to 10.5 kHz. The width of the CNFs was analysed from the AFM images using XEI software.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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372,619 |
The analysis of the 16S rRNA genes indicates that all isolates belonged to the Gammaproteobacteria class, and the most abundant genera were Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter (Supplementary Table S5). The genera Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas were the most abundant in medium with imipenem, with 16 and 13 isolates, respectively. In medium with cefotaxime, the genus Pseudomonas was the most abundant, with 24 isolates, followed by the genus Acinetobacter, with 16 isolates obtained.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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66,163 |
The underlying primary focus of the bacteraemia was reported in 84.0% (55,838/66,512) of cases. ‘Genital/urinary tract’ was thought to be the source for just under half of case (41.1%; 27,328/66,512); 98.4% (26,891/27,328) of these were urinary tract infections (UTIs). For 18.0% (11,971/66,512) of cases the primary focus was unknown. Genital/urinary tract source of infections were associated with 44.0% (21,526/48,953) of patients with a CO E. coli bacteraemia and 34.1% (5,247/15,393) of patients with HO.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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279,975 |
As LbCas12a has more potential target sites than Cas9 within the zebrafish genome , and ErCas12a possesses less-strict PAM requirements compared to LbCas12a , ErCas12a may therefore expand the targetable range across the whole zebrafish genome, which is important and sometimes essential for diverse applications of genome manipulation in zebrafish. Moreover, the GC ratio of zebrafish introns is extremely low , which limits the applicability of Cas9 for intronic targeting due to its GC-rich PAM and requirement of relatively high GC content of the protospacer sequence . In contrast, ErCas12a with a TA-rich PAM may be more suitable for intron-targeting knockin methods . In our experiments, both exonic and intronic ErCas12a target sites could achieve indel efficiency as high as 80% and were suitable for large fragment knockin, indicating the impressive potential of ErCas12a for advanced and complex genome manipulation experiments.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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118,600 |
We first determined that syntenin was abundantly expressed in HUVECs (Figure 1A), comparable to the level in A549 human adenocarcinoma cells, and that stimulation with VEGF did not alter the level of syntenin (Figure 1B). We next examined whether syntenin regulates VEGF-induced EC responses. To knock down syntenin expression in HUVECs, we tested syntenin silencing efficiency using three different syntenin siRNAs and a syntenin shRNA. All effectively downregulated the expression level of syntenin (Figure 1C) and inhibited VEGF-induced proliferation of HUVECs, as assessed by MTT and BrdU incorporation assays (Supplementary Figure 1 and Figure 1D), as well as cell migration (Supplementary Figure 2) to a similar extent. We selected syntenin siRNA-C for further experiments. Cell cycle analyses also revealed that syntenin knockdown inhibited VEGF-induced cell cycle progression of HUVECs (Figure 1E). Consistent with these observations, syntenin knockdown significantly impaired VEGF-induced cyclin D1 expression in HUVECs (Figure 1F). We next performed a wound-healing migration assay on HUVEC monolayers transfected with control siRNA or syntenin siRNA. Knockdown of syntenin by siRNA significantly suppressed VEGF-induced wound closure by HUVECs, compared to HUVEC monolayers transfected with control siRNA (Figure 2A and 2B). Moreover, syntenin siRNA knockdown significantly suppressed VEGF-induced invasion of HUVECs through Matrigel (Figure 2C).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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305,101 |
Patients’ demographics and clinical data including age, ethnic, gender, comorbidity, length of hospital and ICU stay, source of specimen, classification based on whether the isolates were due to colonization or infection, previous antibiotics exposure, empiric antibiotic therapy and patients’ outcome were retrieved from patients’ medical records. Infection was defined as isolates from patients who had evidence of infection based on the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance criteria. Empiric antibiotic therapy is defined as the initial antibiotic administered in the 48 h after the onset of symptoms before the release of the microbiological results. Definitive treatment is defined as administrating of one (monotherapy) or more than one (combined therapy) active antibiotic against CRAB, which includes any antibiotic that is reported as sensitive in the microbiological results such as colistin/polymyxin and high-dose ampicillin–sulbactam. Administration of targeted therapy within and after 3 days of obtaining samples was also compared.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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103,563 |
This improvement leads to the possibility of using the Au-NAABs for the accurate detection of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in a phosphate buffer (PBS) solution. Figure 14 shows the RIfS output for the same Au-NAAB after incubation in PBS with BSA (1 mg·mL−1) or in PBS alone. The results show a shift in the position of the peaks for Layer 1 and for Layer 3 for the sample incubated in the presence of BSA, while the peak for Layer 2 (the bottom low porosity layer) has no shift and can be used effectively as a self-reference signal. Furthermore, it can also be shown that the ratio of the peak intensities between Layer 1 or 3 and Layer 2 (used as the reference intensity) are even more sensitive to effective refractive index changes that the peak shifts.
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67,080 |
Geographic setting of the study archipelagos: Azores and Canaries in Macaronesia (above) and islands of occupancy of Pericallis lineages used in this study. Islands: F, Faial; P, Pico; SJ, São Jorge; T, Terceira; SM, São Miguel; SA, Santa Maria; LP, La Palma; EH, El Hierro; LG, La Gomera; Te, Tenerife. Island ages are maximum ages in Myr taken from Caujapé-Castells (2010). Taxa: MA, P. malvifolia subsp. malvifolia; CA, P. malvifolia subsp. caldeirae; PA, P. papyracea; MU, P. murrayi; ST, P. steetzii; EC, P. echinata; CR, P. cruenta. A black circle is used to indicate the presence of the island Graciosa, which does not host any populations of P. malvifolia and, therefore, was not sampled in this analysis. Photos (left to right): P. malvifolia subsp. caldeirae, Azores, São Miguel, Lagoa do Fogo, photo credit: H. Schaefer; P. malvifolia subsp. malvifolia, Azores, São Miguel, Madrugada, collection: Jones et al. 282, photo credit: José Martins; P. echinata, Canaries, Tenerife, Teno, collection: Jones et al. 195, photo credit: KE Jones; P. cruenta, Canaries, Tenerife, La Orotava, collection: Jones et al. 243, photo credit: KE Jones
| 2 | 0biomedical
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75,695 |
Further evaluation of the test indexes that had a high proportion of abnormal results showed that relative to that of non-diabetic patients, the body functions of diabetic patients experience some remarkable changes in the following respects. A) Anaemia, as indicated by the PCV, erythrocyte and haemoglobin are prone to be low [19, 20]. B) The nutritional status, as indicated by albumin, total protein, and the albumin globulin ratio, is prone to be poor. C) The risk of having cardiovascular disease is high, as shown by frequent low values of HDL-cholesterol and high values of fibrinogen [21, 22]. The results show that the complications that diabetic patients easily develop, such as hypertension, hyperlipoidaemia, coronary heart disease, and other vascular lesions, are most relevant to the reduced HDL-cholesterol rather than the increased LDL-cholesterol and increased triglycerides [24, 25]. D) Hypothyroidism, or hypoparathyroidism, as shown by triiodothyronine and free T3, is a frequent finding. Furthermore, many diabetic patients have low serum calcium levels. A decrease in the function of the parathyroid gland decreases can lead to a decrease in serum calcium content.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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379,409 |
Successful expression and purification of recombinant Com1 protein was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting as shown in Figure 1. Supernatants from every purification step were analyzed by Western blot and Coomassie Blue staining. All samples from washing steps did not show a band at approximately 29.9 kDa indicating complete binding of this His-tagged recombinant Com1 protein to the Ni-NTA column. Elution fractions 2, 4 and 5 showed clear bands at approximately 29.9 kDa and were combined for size exclusion chromatography. The purified, concentrated recombinant Com1 protein showed a clear band at approximately 29.9 kDa and the protein concentration was determined as 1300 µg/mL. The presence of only a few additional protein bands suggests high purity of the protein preparation used in the following ELISA assays (Figure 1).
| 4 | 0biomedical
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219,000 |
Male and female Syrian golden hamsters (6–8 week-old, n = 55) were acquired from Charles River Laboratories and housed at Bioqual, Inc., for the duration of the study. Following one week of acclimatization, animals were immunized intramuscularly in caudal thighs with PBS (control) or SpFN immunogen of differing concentrations (10 μg or 0.2 μg) pre-formulated with a fixed concentration of ALFQ (20 μg of 3D-PHAD (monophosphoryl 3-deacyl lipid A (synthetic)) and 10 μg of QS21)36. The design, production, stability, and initial characterization of SpFN adjuvanted with ALFQ was previously reported18. Briefly, the immunogen is based on the Spike protein of the WA1 SARS-CoV-2 variant with S-2P amino acid modifications expressed as a fusion protein with H. pylori ferritin in mammalian cells that self-assembles into an ordered nanoparticle each of which presents 8 Spike trimers. SpFN was formulated with ALFQ prior to administration. SpFN was produced at the WRAIR Pilot Bioproduction Facility in October 2020 as an engineering batch and stored at 4 °C for 3–4 months for the 1- and 2-dose regimens, respectively. Boosting immunizations were injected contralaterally from the prime four weeks following the prime. In-life blood sampling was conducted by retro-orbital bleeds. Maximum blood collections were determined based on animal weight and frequency of collection, in consultation with veterinary guidance. Following collections, animals were monitored until fully recovered from the anesthetic and the procedure.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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344,651 |
Fonseca et al. also analyzed the genome-wide methylation pattern of normal, benign and malignant adrenocortical tumors (Table 2). When comparing benign versus malignant ACT’s, they found that CpG islands were identified as significantly hypermethylated in ACC.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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294,104 |
The blue bars in Fig. 1 (left panel) above show the distribution of average hours per week students spent in-class at school. Even though a peak can be observed in the range of 15–20 h (23%), the majority of students (60.1%) spent more than 20 h in-class. The change in the shape of the distribution of university expectations (red bars) evidenced that many students adopted their expectations on arrival at the University. Only a few students expected more than 25 h in-class, and 73% of students expected less than 20 h. On average, students expected to spend 7 h per week less in-class at university.2 A two-tailed paired sample t-test showed that the difference between students’ expectations about hours spent in-class at university and their experiences of hours spent in-class at school was statistically significant [t(379) = 14.2, p < 0.001].
| 1 | 2other
| 0Study
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165,615 |
The study examining the effect of ginger water on body weight and energy expenditure revealed that oral administration of drinking water supplemented ginger water (25 and 50%) in male Wistar rats for a month lowered the total cholesterol and serum triglycerides and significantly reduced the body weight. Also, ginger water attenuated the expressions of mRNA of Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1c) in the liver and leptin in adipose tissues, and increase the expressions of adiponectin, hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase1 (CPT-1), acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO), Glucose transporter 2 (GLUT-2), and pyruvate kinase (PK) (Sayed et al., 2020).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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159,402 |
ALT alanine aminotransferase, BMI body mass index, CAP controlled attenuation parameter, CLDQ chronic liver disease questionnaire, CTP Child-Turcotte-Pugh, EV esophageal varices, Hb hemoglobin, HoBET home-based exercise training, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, MELD model for end-stage liver disease
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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169,986 |
Methylation of NPY5R in BRCA. (A) The methylation β values of NPY5R in various types of tumoral and their paracancerous tissues in TCGA datasets. (B) The methylation level of different probes in breast tumor and normal groups. (C) Correlation between NPY5R expression and methylated sites. Spearman’s correlation coefficient (r) was used for the significance test. (D) The left aquamarine column represents the sequence of NPY5R, and each probe is marked in the sequence. The statistics on the right hand side show how NPY5R expression and promoter DNA methylation are negatively correlated (Pearson correlation coefficient). The relative position of each probe in NPY5R gene is indicated in the bottom panel. (E) Detection of NPY5R expression by RT-PCR after Aza treatment without or with TSA (T) in MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 cells. Data represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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198,526 |
Sub-confluent monolayers of HEK-293 cells seeded in six-well dishes were transfected with 250 ng each of plasmid pHH21-LACV-vMRen, pTM-LACV_L (or insertion mutants), pTM-LACV_N, 500 ng pCAGGS-T7, and 100 ng pTM1-FF-Luc33,34 using Nanofectin transfection reagent in 200 μl serum-free medium (OptiMEM, Gibco-BRL). In addition, 250 ng of pI.18-HA-PKR was added to the plasmid mix33. At 72 h post-transfection, cells were lysed in 200 μl Dual Luciferase Passive Lysis Buffer (Kit Promega) and both Luciferase (FF-Luc) and Renilla luciferase (REN-Luc) activities were measured as described by the manufacturer (Promega).
| 4 | 0biomedical
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156,218 |
The microchannel configurations simulated in this study consisted of two-loop spirals with two inlets and five equally distanced 120 μm-wide outlets. The width of each microchannel was 500 μm along the spiral part. The distance between each spiral was fixed at 500 μm. Overall, an aim of the design was to ensure a small footprint.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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82,351 |
There were some limitations in the present study. First, as previously mentioned, we did not include contact lens wearers in the study, although many workers with DES in the office wear disposable soft contact lenses, so the efficacy of DQS and RBM for contact lens wearers should be investigated in the future. In addition, we did not study the long-term effects of the drugs. Because both drugs improved DES symptoms and signs when used over an extended period of time, continuous use of the drugs would further increase their efficacy32,37. Also, the present study did not elucidate the mechanism of action why DQS and RBM were effective for the DES in office workers as no cytological/biological studies including impression cytology or mucin measurements. Further studies are needed to determine the long-term effects.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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281,133 |
In the univariable logistic regression analysis, each variable was computed with the outcome variable; attitude towards COVID-19 prevention measures. Then, variables with a p-value less than 0.25 were included in the multivariable logistic regression analysis model.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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52,246 |
Cells were treated for 24 h with the tested compounds at concentrations ranging from 1 pg/mL to 100 ng/mL. Incubations were carried out in triplicates. The MTT assay was performed, and the absorbance was measured at 540 nm. Data are the means from three consecutive cell passages and are expressed as a percentage of the viability of the control cells.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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351,691 |
In reality, the sonographic machines used for medical examination in hospitals are often not connected to the internet, and it may not be convenient or allowed to extract the original US images from the machine system. To avoid such obstacle when applying the deep learning model in many medical centers particularly from rural areas, one simple solution is to take a photograph of the sonographic image by a smartphone and then send the photo to a remotely located AI system for intelligent diagnosis. However, the image quality of the photograph would be inevitably affected by this imaging process, e.g., with more noise included or shape and texture of gallbladder regions deformed (Fig. 3a right, Fig. 3b right). It would be desirable if the deep learning model could still work well when applied to the analysis of such smartphone photos.Fig. 3Diagnosis based on smartphone photos of sonographic images by the deep learning model.a An exemplar original image from a patient with biliary atresia (left) and the smartphone photo of the image (right). b An exemplar original image from a patient without biliary atresia (left) and the smartphone photo of the image (right). c The receiver operating characteristic curve of the model for the diagnosis of biliary atresia on the smartphone images of external validation dataset, with three human experts’ performances on the original clean external validation dataset for comparison. Source data are provided as a Source data file.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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23,139 |
After Bartlett, several American-born surgeons began to couch cataracts, but their ophthalmic activity ceased during the war years. Hall Jackson (1739-1797)58 was born in Hampton, New Hampshire, and learned medicine from his physician father, Clement Jackson, after they moved to Portsmouth. Hall Jackson spent 1762 in London, possibly at Middlesex Hospital.58 Jackson then returned to Portsmouth, New Hampshire, to open an apothecary shop (Figure 15).58 Jackson seems to have shifted his focus toward medical practice at some point; however, the apothecary shop was still advertising in 1774.58 He reported bilateral leg amputations on a 17-year-old boy who fell into a frozen pond in 1768.58 Another leg amputation by Jackson was performed the same month.58 In September 1770, the newspaper reported that Jackson couched the cataracts of a 60-year-old “Negro Man” who had been “totally Blind” for many years and was “instantaneously restored . . . to Sight.”58 A 2-month interval separated the procedure on the second eye.58
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| 1Other
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319,944 |
QTL clusters carried normal QTL or conditional QTL for plant height. Traits are plant height (PH); spike length (SL); internode number (IN); length of first internode from the top (1st); length of second internode from the top (2nd); length of third internode from the top (3rd); length of fourth internode from the top (4th); length of fifth internode from the top (5th); length of sixth internode from the top (6th); chlorophyll content (CN); net photosynthetic rate (PN); stomatal conductance (GS); intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci); transpiration rate (TR); respectively. S and H indicating seedling stage and heading stage respectively. The networks are comparison of conditional QTL and normal QTL analysis. Yellow arrow indicated suppression between plant height components or photosynthetic traits with plant height, or photosynthetic traits with plant height components, whereas the red arrow indicated positive contribution between two traits. Dotted arrow indicated independent relationship between two traits. Traits with green background or green internode indicated normal QTLs were identified, whereas traits with yellow background or yellow internode indicated only conditional QTLs were identified.
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216,254 |
Studies of nuclear actin dynamics suggest sites of assembly at the nuclear envelope that can expand the nuclear membrane and alter nuclear shape (Figure 8). However, cytoplasmic actin filaments are linked to nesprin 1/2, a nuclear outer membrane component of a transnuclear outer/inner membrane complex that links the nuclear lamina, an intermediate filament system underlying the inner nuclear envelope, with the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton. In the absence of ADF/cofilin to compete with myosin II for relieving tension, long extensions of the nuclear envelope with bound chromatin are pulled into the surface blebs of the plasma membrane . Such architectural restructuring of the nuclear envelope results in changes in patterns of histone modifications that distinguish condensed (transcriptionally inactive) heterochromatin versus euchromatin. The extent to which cytoplasmic versus nuclear cofilin/actin pools modulate transcription through chromatin architectural changes requires further study. Such changes may impact the early stages of neuronal birth in the brain during which neurons arise from a progenitor (radial glia) cell. The nucleus of the progenitor cell translocates from the subventricular zone to the ventricular zone where an asymmetric division results in one neuron and one progenitor cell. Both microtubule-dependent and actin-dependent motors play important roles in this asymmetric division . It would be of interest to know if the cytoskeletal organization and tension on the nuclear envelope before or after the asymmetric division affects chromatin decompaction and cell fate-specific gene expression. Given the recently developed novel methods for studying single gene transcription, nuclear exit of the mRNA, and its cytoplasmic translation, the answers to questions concerning cytoplasmic forces on chromatin structure and gene expression are not far off .
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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5,276 |
The findings from the association between the adherence to MD and NL use are presented in Table 3. Around half of the participants (n = 514) had a medium adherence to MD, while the rest of the students were divided almost equally among the low (n = 260) and high adherence (n = 252) to MD. We noted that the amount of NL users increased proportionally in accordance with higher adherence to MD. Thus, the greatest percentage of NL users was largely concentrated in the group with high adherence to MD (71.4%). We also observed a positive association between NL use and higher adherence to MD. An increase of 2 points in the rMED was significantly related to an increment of 30% in the NL use. Similar results were found when categories of the rMED, i.e., low (0–6), medium (7–10), or high (11–18) score, were compared. Participants with medium or high adherence to MD were significantly more likely to use NL (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.08–2.01 and OR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.69–3.63, respectively) than those who had low adherence to MD. Furthermore, we observed that the relationship between adherence to MD and NL use showed a significant dose-response association (p-trend < 0.001).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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335,686 |
The advent of trapped ion physics3–5, cavity6,7 and circuit electrodynamics8 have guided the exploration of these phenomena by imposing different boundary conditions over field and emitter. Naturally, each architecture presents advantages and challenges of its own. Take the case of electrons trapped inside a microwave cavity3,4. Here the emission rate can be manipulated by restricting the spectral mode density inside the cavity, but, due to the apertures required to control the electronic motion, the electron still interacts with a large number of spatial modes. This sets a lower limit on the emission rate and introduces challenges on the detection of the emitted photon11. By comparison, superconducting circuits allow for a reduced number of available spatial modes and offer enviable control over the vacuum fluctuations12. This paves a way to explore the effect of engineered environments over spontaneous emission12–14, but, given the macroscopic character of the artificial atom, probing regions of large field gradients remains a challenge.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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211,231 |
An Agilent 6890 GC coupled with an Agilent 5975 Mass Spectrometry (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) was used to analyze volatile compounds in these wine samples according to our previously published methods . A 60 m × 0.25 mm HP-INNOWAX capillary column with 0.25 μm film thickness (J&W Scientific, Folsom, CA, USA) was used to separate these volatile compounds. Helium was used as the carrier gas and the flow rate was set at 1 mL min−1. The injector temperature was kept at 250 °C in the splitless mode (0.75 min). The temperature program of the oven was as follows: 50 °C for 1 min, heated to 220 °C at 3 °C min−1 and kept at 220 °C for 5 min. The temperature of the ion source and quadrupole were 250 and 150 °C, respectively. The MSD transfer line heater was set at 250 °C. The electron ionization voltage was set at 70 eV and a full mass scan ranging of m/z 30–350 was recorded. A C6–C30 n-alkane series (Supelco, Bellefonte, PA, USA) under the same chromatographic conditions was used to calculate retention indices. For the volatiles with their reference standard, volatile compounds were identified by comparing their mass spectrum with the Standard NIST11 library and further confirmed by matching their retention indices with the reference standard. Regarding the volatiles without an available standard, they were tentatively identified by comparing their mass spectrum with the Standard NIST11 library and retention indices with the literature. Quantitation of these volatile compounds in the wine sample followed our published method . Briefly, a synthetic wine matrix (14% ethanol and 5 g/L tartaric acid with pH adjusted to 3.8 using 5 M NaOH solution) was generated based on the average alcohol degree and total acidity of the wine samples in the present study. All the standard solutions were prepared using the synthetic wine matrix, and then diluted to fifteen levels. The extraction and analysis of the standard solution was as the same as the wine sample. For the volatiles with their reference standard, they were quantified using the peak ratio of the reference standard over the internal standard versus the concentration of the reference standard. Regarding the volatiles without an available standard, the quantitation was carried out using the standard that had same carbon atom or similar structure of the volatiles. The concentrations of volatile compounds in both clone wines are listed in Table 2.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
204,233 |
A relevant seven-year increase in adiposity was found in approximately half of older women. Device-measured sedentary behavior influenced BMI gain over a follow-up period of seven years in older women from central Europe. The women who were sedentary for at least eight hours per day were more likely to have a relevant BMI increase during a seven-year follow-up period. No prospective associations with adiposity changes during the seven-year follow-up period were found for intrapersonal, built environment, or PA variables.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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76,351 |
Different sources generate a plethora of data of different types. Section 3.1 provides more details of typical fields received in the smart city data centers from WSNs. Most of the data are sent by the WSNs and collected, parsed and normalized by centralized data collectors within the smart city premises. Occasionally, remote data collectors can be required to gather the data directly from the source (e.g., to collect system logs that are not sent by the network devices).
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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214,050 |
The experimental set up is depicted in Figure 3 , a pot of water is heated until boiling, after which the heating is turned off and the T‐Cup with the vials in it is added to the pot for 30 min. After removal of the T‐Cup, the cup is allowed to cool down for 3 min, after which the vials are removed and checked for their color. The color of the vial depends on the dye present that changes color depending on the pH which is lowered with a successful LAMP reaction. The colorimetric results show that the reaction was successful, and we managed to detect down to 103 molecules of RNA µL−1 in a 25× dilution (using 1 µL 103 µL−1 template solution in 25 µL total) using a nonoptimized LAMP reaction. Optimizing the enzymes, the primers and their concentrations for this specific device can improve the sensitivity of the LAMP by at least another order of magnitude, but it is outside of the scope of this research and it should be done anyway for any newly developed LAMP test. We next tested the set up with the analysis of human throat/nasopharyngeal swab samples. For this, RNA extracted from three positively and three negatively tested persons were tested and compared to PCR analyses. All the positives were found positive both in PCR and in the LAMP using the T‐Cup as well as all the negatives were found negative in both analyses (details in the Supporting Information). As the focus of this research was on the development of the device and not the LAMP test itself, this was just a fast proof that the device can run a real‐sample LAMP tests.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
61,699 |
Up to the present, at least 177 heterozygous mutations in the RUNX2 gene have been identified in CCD patients, majority of which were missense, nonsense and frameshift mutations (S1 Table) . Chromosomal translocations, splicing mutation, and intragenic deletions / duplications were also found and they were scattered throughout the entire RUNX2 gene .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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278,811 |
In this equation, cTempitr is the annealing temperature value in the current iteration itr, pFitnessavgitr is the average of all recorded fitness throughout all iterations until the current iteration, and pFitnessbest is the best recorded fitness of the particle.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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188,246 |
to help physicians, dietitians and nutritionists, and, in general, healthcare professionals to understand where they should focus their attention when communicating with patients to provide practical and reliable advice about this topic. This involves both detecting false opinions and misconceptions and suggesting a more correct and healthier nutritional approach on the basis of the scientific evidence available.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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382,821 |
We agree that the mechanical cost of lunging makes a good comparison for the cost of breaching. The mechanical cost of lunging can either refer to the pre-engulfment acceleration, or the pre-engulfment acceleration and the post-engulfment deceleration (which includes acceleration of engulfed water). If the goal is to compare the energetics cost of two events, the latter is appropriate. If the goal is to compare the energetic costs of two mechanically similar trajectories, then the former is appropriate. For this reason, we do compare the cost of breaching with the cost of the mechanically similar pre-engulfment acceleration phase of lunging (Figure 6 and the old Table 2). This comparison did turn out to be very interesting because, while feeding lunges are generally considered to use 'high-performance' accelerating maneuvers, our results show that even high-speed lunges are relatively cheap compared to breaches (and most lunges feature much slower speeds than the ones used for our comparison).
| 4 | 0biomedical
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316,264 |
None. In this trial, interventions for participants include 9 days of TCM granules and 5 or 9 days of prednisone. These two interventions will be carried out during hospitalization and they are routine treatments in China, so there are no anticipated problems that will be detrimental to the participant. Therefore, there will be no interim analyses and there are not anticipated formal stopping rules for the trial.
| 2 | 1clinical
| 1Other
|
3,040 |
The MIMICS model was developed in Wieder et al20. There are two soil microbial C pools (MICr and MICk) and three soil C pools available soil C (SOMa), physically protect C (SOMp), and chemically recalcitrant C (SOMc) (Fig. 1c). Michaelis–Menten equations are adopted to describe soil C uptake by soil microbes. The dynamics of the soil C can be represented by the following equations:3\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${{{\mathrm {SOM}}}}\prime _{{\mathrm p}}{{ = R}}_{{{\mathrm {l - p}}}}{{ + R}}_{{{\mathrm {mic - p}}}}{{-{\mathrm {SOM}}}}_{{\mathrm p}}{{ \times D}}$$\end{document}SOM′p=Rl-p+Rmic-p-SOMp×D4\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathrm{SOM}}\prime _{{\mathrm c}}{{ = R}}_{{{\mathrm {l - c}}}}{{ + R}}_{{{\mathrm {mic - c}}}}{{-U}}_{{{\mathrm {c - k}}}}{{-U}}_{{{\mathrm {c - r}}}}$$\end{document}SOM′c=Rl-c+Rmic-c-Uc-k-Uc-r5\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathrm{SOM}}\prime _{{\mathrm a}}{{ = R}}_{{{\mathrm {mic - a}}}}{{ + U}}_{{{\mathrm {c - k}}}}{{ + U}}_{{{\mathrm {c - r}}}}{\mathrm{ + SOM}}_{{\mathrm p}}{{ \times D-U}}_{{{\mathrm {a - k}}}}{{- U}}_{{{\mathrm {a - r}}}},$$\end{document}SOM′a=Rmic-a+Uc-k+Uc-r+SOMp×D-Ua-k-Ua-r,where Rl is the input to soil C from litter (Rl-p = fm × total_input and Rl-c = fs × total_input) and Rmic is the input to soil C from microbial decay, D is the turnover rate for SOMp, Uc-k is the uptake of SOMc by k-selection microbes, Uc-r is the uptake of SOMc by r-selection microbes, Ua-k is the uptake of SOMa by k-selection microbes and Ua-r is the uptake of SOMa by r-selection microbes. The uptake process takes the form of Michaelis–Menten equation, MIC × Vmax × SOM/(KO × Km + SOM) where MIC is the microbial biomass, Vmax is the maximum reaction rate, SOM is the soil C content, KO is the modifier for oxidation of SOM, Km is the half saturation constant. For more model details, please see Wieder et al20. Slight modifications were made with MIMICS. Instead of using equations to estimate microbial turnover rates, we directly treat turnover rates as parameters as done by Hararuk et al.,12. In total, there are 22 global parameters (Supplementary Table 1). Since the range for most of the parameters is not well characterized in the literature, we prescribed the minimum of each parameter as the default values divided by three and the maximum as the default values multiplied by three. In addition to the soil C dynamics, the two microbial C pools are represented by the two equations in projection:6\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathrm{MIC}}\prime _{{\mathrm r}}{{ = R}}_{{{\mathrm {l - r}}}} + {{U}}_{{{\mathrm {a - r}}}}{\mathrm{ \times MGE1 - MIC}}_{{\mathrm r}}{{ \times \tau }}_{{\mathrm r}}$$\end{document}MIC′r=Rl-r+Ua-r×MGE1 - MICr×τr7\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathrm{MIC}}\prime _{{\mathrm k}}{{ = R}}_{{{\mathrm {l - k}}}}{{ + U}}_{{{\mathrm {a - k}}}}{\mathrm{ \times MGE1 - MIC}}_{{\mathrm k}}{{ \times \tau }}_{{\mathrm k}},$$\end{document}MIC′k=Rl-k+Ua-k×MGE1 - MICk×τk,where Rl-r and Rl-k are the input to r-selection and k-selection soil microbes.8\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$R_{{{\mathrm {l - r}}}}{{ = }}\left( {{{U}}_{{{\mathrm {m - r}}}}{{ + U}}_{{{\mathrm {s - r}}}}} \right){{/}}\left( {{{U}}_{{{\mathrm {m - r}}}}{{ + U}}_{{{\mathrm {m - k}}}}{{ + U}}_{{{\mathrm {s - r}}}}{{ + U}}_{{{\mathrm {s - k}}}}} \right){{ \times ({\mathrm{Total}}\_{\mathrm{input}} - }}R_{{{\mathrm {l - p}}}}{{ - }}R_{{{\mathrm {l - c}}}}{{)}}$$\end{document}Rl-r=Um-r+Us-r∕Um-r+Um-k+Us-r+Us-k×(Total_input-Rl-p-Rl-c)9\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$R_{{{\mathrm {l - r}}}}{{ = }}\left( {{{U}}_{{{\mathrm {m - k}}}}{{ + U}}_{{{\mathrm {s - k}}}}} \right){{/}}\left( {{{U}}_{{{\mathrm {m - r}}}}{{ + U}}_{{{\mathrm {m - k}}}}{{ + U}}_{{{\mathrm {s - r}}}}{{ + U}}_{{{\mathrm {s - k}}}}} \right){{ \times ({\mathrm{Total}}\_{\mathrm {input}} -R_{{{\mathrm {l - p}}}}{{ - }}R_{{{\mathrm {l - c}}}})}}.$$\end{document}Rl-r=Um-k+Us-k∕Um-r+Um-k+Us-r+Us-k×(Total_input-Rl-p-Rl-c).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
312,707 |
Please note that an uncorrected proof of your manuscript will be published online ahead of the final version, unless you opted out when submitting your manuscript. If, for any reason, you do not want an earlier version of your manuscript published online, uncheck the box. Should you, your institution's press office or the journal office choose to press release your paper, you will automatically be opted out of early publication. We ask that you notify us as soon as possible if you or your institution is planning to press release the article.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
302,294 |
Application of the protocol should enable a cell culture-trained investigator establishing a highly efficient hPSC expansion process characterized by the exponential proliferation of seeded cells between process days 2–5, while further promoting the substantial increase in cell numbers until the suggested process termination on day 7 (potentially followed by re-seeding or initiation of differentiation). The final cell density expected with this protocol is ∼35 × 106 cells/mL on day 7, representing a ∼70-fold expansion of the inoculation density of 0,5 × 106 cells/mL (Figure 8A). Starting with the DO setting of 100%, the triggered DO control (set to 40%) is expected to starts at around 30 h post process inoculation (Figure 8B) and the triggered pH control (set to pH 7.1) shall starts at around 20 h post inoculation (Figure 8C). Due to the high cell densities achieved over time, gassing – which is initially performed via the headspace only - needs to be conducted in a submerged manner (described under 42.) at later stages, which results in a “stroke-like DO pattern” on process day 4, followed by stabilization around 40 % DO thereafter (Figure 7B). Notably, on day ∼5–6, even submerged gassing with our bioreactor setup is insufficient to keep the DO at the envisioned 40 %, therefore dropping down to ∼10 % DO on days 6–7 due to the high cell density-induced oxygen consumption. However, the yielded hPSCs at the proposed process endpoint (day 7) are expected to express high levels of pluripotency-associated markers TRA-1-60, SSEA-4, OCT-3/4, NANOG in >95% of the cell whilst >75% of the cells should express SSEA-3, a marker which we have observed as being most sensitive to improper culture condition (Figure 9C). In addition to the expression of pluripotency-associated markers, cells should display a stable and normal karyotype when assessed at process endpoint (Figure 9D).Figure 8Representative expected results for bioprocesses conducted after this protocol(A) Viable cell density (dots) and viability (squares) for representative processes.(B) Representative online process parameter measurement of dissolved oxygen (DO) value over process time.(C) Representative online process parameter measurement of pH value over process time.Figure 9Representative expected results for bioprocesses conducted after this protocol(A) Representative light microscopy pictures of process-derived aggregate samples on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 for 3 different cell lines highlight cell homogeneity within the cultures and the cell line dependent differences in size of formed aggregates(scale bars = 200 μm).(B) Distribution of aggregate diameters over the cultivation time.(C) Representative flow cytometry plots of cells harvested at process endpoint (day 7) showing the pluripotency-associated surface markers TRA-1-60, SSEA-4 and SSEA-3 and transcription factors OCT-3/4 and NANOG as well as the proliferation marker KI-67 (isotype controls shown in gray).(D) Representative karyotype of cells cultured for 7 days under the conditions described here. Figure adapted from (Manstein et al., 2021).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
151,517 |
Association of ACEs transcriptional levels with immune infiltration level in lung cancer (TIMER database). (A) ACE expression was startlingly positively correlated with six immune cells in lung tumor. (B) ACE2 was positively related to three immune cells only in LUAD patients. (C) TMEM27 only showed a negative correlation with Neutrophil cells in LUAD. Filter criteria: p‐value < 0.05
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
96,079 |
This study presented SSM as a supplementary principal components method for GM analysis of human teeth. Geometric and material information from CT was used to build a SSM to identify the dominant PCs within the samples. A material approach was included to distinguish between dentin/cementum and enamel on the tooth surface to enable identification of the cemento-enamel junction. The derived material and geometric information was used to implement an automated landmark identification algorithm that measured the sample geometry. The resulting models were used to demonstrate how researchers might identify dominant morphological variations within a sample and between sample groups.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
312,903 |
Among intubated COPD patients, VAP incidence widely ranges, from 6 to 34% , possibly because of different VAP diagnostic criteria used in these studies. The relatively low rate of VAP among COPD patients, together with the lack of significant difference with non-COPD patients, may be due to the significantly higher previous exposure to antibiotics in COPD patients. Previous studies reported that antibiotic treatment could be protective against VAP . However, antibiotic treatment is well-known risk factor for late-onset ICU-acquired infections, and MDR bacteria emergence . Our results contradict several earlier studies that identified COPD as an independent risk factor for VAP , but are in line with data from a recent retrospective analysis of a large prospective observational study conducted in 27 European ICUs and including 2082 intubated patients, which reported a similar 20% incidence of VAP among COPD and non COPD patients .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
202,122 |
As shown in Figure 3E, the respiratory profile of IPEC-J2 cells decreases with increasing VK3 concentrations. Even if the basal respiration is apparently unaffected by VK3 (Figure 3F), the coupling efficiency is halved by 10 μM VK3 as a result of an increase in proton leak. In addition, IPEC-J2 cells treated with 5 μM VK3 do not show any respiration stimulation by FCCP, while when these cells are treated with 10 μM VK3, not only do they not show any increase in OCR in response to FCCP, but also the OCR after FCCP addition is lower than the basal OCR. Consistently, a strong inhibition of respiration with strongly decreased or even abolished spare respiratory capacity is detected in the presence of 5 and 10 μM VK3, respectively.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
141,224 |
This study was performed in accordance with the guidelines of the World Medical Association Helsinki Declaration for biomedical research involving human subjects and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Daejeon Dental Hospital, Wonkwang University (W2003/002-001). Written or verbal informed consent was not obtained from any participants because the IRB waived the need for individual informed consent as this study applied a non-interventional retrospective design and all data were analyzed anonymously.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
92,978 |
Finally, most of the abovementioned studies only included mothers. Fathers are still underrepresented in research on parenting and the parent-infant relationship, while effects of father involvement on child developmental outcomes are significant and have been documented repeatedly (Ramchandani et al. 2013; Sarkadi et al. 2008). Therefore, the role of fathers regarding the development of child executive functioning is important to examine. A study by Lucassen et al. (2015) shows distinct effects of maternal and paternal parenting on child executive functioning. The authors found that less maternal, but not paternal sensitivity, and harsher parenting by fathers, but not by mothers, was related to lower scores on child executive functioning at 3 years. Another study found that both mothers’ as well as fathers’ sensitive and supportive parenting predicted children’s executive functioning at 3 years (Towe-Goodman et al. 2014). However, in most studies examining the effect of parenting on child executive functioning, maternal and paternal parenting effects are not studied separately. Rather they are analyzed together as one factor, which makes it impossible to observe a potential difference in effects. In addition, fathers tend to experience lower levels of bonding compared to mothers, and correlations between maternal and paternal bonding are only weak to moderate (de Cock et al. 2016; Hoffenkamp et al. 2012). Therefore, it is important to include fathers when studying the effects of parental variables on child outcomes and to examine paternal effects separately from maternal effects.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
14,100 |
In general, parents identified the family-engagement aspect of the program as critical to its efficacy. One parent said, “I think it was good for my kids to get that specific instruction because they just seemed more interested. We went to healthy foods class, these are healthy foods, they had some buy-in. It wasn’t just my class, it was theirs too.” Another parent said, “You start the program at the beginning you’re with your kids then your kids leave and you get this great, adult interaction while your kids get to go hang out with friends, and I loved the way it’s set up. It’s set up to be family time, it’s an adult time and then family time again. Something about that was really special.” In response to a question about what made it difficult to meet weekly health behavior goals, one participant said, “All the obstacles like time to plan, illness, holidays, things that just disrupt the pattern of life in general.”
| 2 | 2other
| 1Other
|
180,183 |
The patient was admitted to the ICU and initially started on a heparin infusion for acute thrombosis, which resulted in further worsening of her thrombocytopenia. Laboratory workup results for thrombocytopenia were obtained (Table 2). Heparin infusion was subsequently discontinued. A serotonin release assay and heparin/PF4 complex were positive, confirming the diagnosis of HIT (Table 2). Our patient was switched to argatroban but continued to have persistent thrombocytopenia. She received three units of platelet transfusions during this hospitalization. Blood cultures were drawn and remained negative; no antibiotics were administered. After five days of stability on argatroban, the patient was transferred from the ICU and continued to improve cognitively and functionally. Her thrombocytopenia stabilized with a platelet count of 88-89 × 103/mcL. She was transitioned from an argatroban infusion to warfarin with INR at goal before she was ultimately discharged to an inpatient rehabilitation facility.
| 4 | 1clinical
| 3Clinical case
|
149,354 |
The lentivirus injection in neonatal rats was performed as described previously . In brief, 3-day-old rat pups were fasted for 8 h before the experiment. Rats were subjected to the sustained inhaling anesthetization with 3% isoflurane . The concentrated virus was injected into the ipsilateral (right side) ventricle (coordinates: 1.0 mm right to bregma and 1.5 mm to the lambdoid suture). The tip was inserted 4 mm deep with an angle of 30° at the speed of 0.2 μl/min. Following injection, the needle remained for 1 min to avoid virus backflow. The injection of 5 μl lentiviral vectors was finished within 5 min. Finally, the wound was disinfected and stitched.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
164,249 |
Current knowledge and the guaranteed availability of PPE allow us to favor a careful, progressive resumption of opening to family visits, always in full respect of the patient’s wishes. We believe there are no substantial reasons why family members should not be allowed in the CoViD wards: It may be not only useful, but even necessary. In the specific setting of each hospital, all possibilities should be explored to promptly restore good "humanizing" practices in both intensive and non-intensive care units.
| 2 | 1clinical
| 1Other
|
285,830 |
CKD-aI is an important symptom in adult CKD population, with significant epidemiology, clinical characteristics and outcomes. Its pathogenesis is particularly complex, although certain main domains are now clearly established. These include metabolic disequilibrium, immune dysfunction, altered opioid transmission, coexistence of infections, xerosis, neuropathy and various dialysis-associated factors. The “classic” dermatological approach to CKD-aI management is based on topical therapy, phototherapy and systemic therapy. These modalities are mainly represented by emollients, NB-UVB and psychoactive drugs (especially gabapentinoids), respectively. In short, these methods aim to improve xerosis and replenish skin barrier, reduce inflammation and interfere with the conduction and processing of neural impulses during itch pathway. Moreover, as the data on the role of UTs (and PBUT in particular) in various aspects of CKD is rapidly growing, we are also witnessing new concepts linking UTs to the development of CKD-aI. It seems evident that targeting UTs, although still problematic, will play an increasing role in the comprehensive approach to numerous systemic complications of CKD, including CKD-aI.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
244,483 |
Then, the defuzzification process was performed. According to the elements of excellent, good, fair, and poor with the score of 4, 3, 2, and 1, respectively, the total score of traditionally baked biscuits and microwave baked biscuits were: S1 = 3.24 and S2 = 3.41.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
180,836 |
Distrust has been less studied as compared to trust (Kim et al., 2009; Kramer and Lewicki, 2010). To a great extent, the functions of distrust are largely ignored. The general deficiency of distrust studies might be the aftereffect of the early supposition that distrust was something contrary to trust (i.e., distrust was an absence of trust). Scholars of trust have discovered that distrust and trust are not two closures of a similar continuum; rather, they are different ideas (Lewicki et al., 2006). High distrust is not equivalent to low trust. Therefore, both distrust and trust include assurance and certainty, and distrust speaks to high assurance/trust in negative desires, while trust speaks to high assurance/trust in inspirational desires.
| 2 | 2other
| 1Other
|
93,546 |
Only the 1-year overall survival rate that was presented in 74 articles was included for analysis of data from patients with BCLC Stage C. The connection was established with 28 first-line or potential first-line therapeutic strategies (Figure 4B). After pooled estimation (Supplementary Table 4), we found that SR+sorafenib was the most effective therapy for patients with BCLC Stage C in terms of 1-year overall survival rate (P = 0.14) (Figure 5D).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
262,747 |
The analysis of EWP in the previous section of this paper identified spatially unbalanced features. We adopted the Theil index and the Dagum Gini coefficient to measure the overall differences in China’s EWP quantitatively and decompose the overall differences through the Dagum Gini coefficient decomposition method and thus reveal more precisely the size of the relative gap in China’s EWP and its sources in the next section.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
396,065 |
It is worth noticing that human technological and social evolution refers between others just to two fundamental personality traits: fear and inactivity laziness, the evolutionary traits, where the need to watch television exactly refers to this phenomenon. In this study the more thematically related seemed inactivity (laziness/idleness) as the dominated and prevalence “first choice” deeply coded algorithm between sit/walk, read/watch, exercise/computer play, keep diet regime/overfeed. Consequences of physical and cognitive laziness constitute significant risk factors for the age-related neurodegenerative diseases .
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
58,469 |
The composition of the second peak of the total RDF for the stoichiometric sample is given in Figure 9(l) and it agrees qualitatively with experiment by Misawa et al. , since it is formed by the average second neighbor (<2n>) contributions of mainly the N–N and Si–Si partials and to a lesser extent the Si–N partial . In order to quantitatively compare our predictions with the few experiments available we calculated the structure of the second peak of the nearly stoichiometric cell considering whether the radial features were determined using X-rays or neutron diffraction experiments. Figure 11 shows the experimental and simulated results and the quantitative agreement is excellent even though the experimentalists only used Gaussian fits to simulate the structure of the second peak. For this peak X-rays show a shift of the total RDF toward higher values of r, with respect to the neutron results, which is reproduced in our simulations .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
105,083 |
The high percent drug content for the SDs containing Kolliphor TPGS indicated uniform distribution of the drug in this hydrophilic carrier without any drug degradation and/or precipitation. Also, low values of standard deviation indicated the reproducibility of the method. Some variations were observed for the dispersions prepared using Soluplus, thus indicating improper distribution of the drug within the carrier. Similar results were obtained by Barea and coworkers who reported the drug content of thalidomide to be 117.2 ± 8.1% in the thalidomide : Kolliphor TPGS (1 : 4) solid dispersion owing to the uniform distribution of drug within the hydrophilic carrier .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
207,592 |
The calculation of the pocket volume was done by the CASTp 3.0 sever24. Sequence alignment by the Clustal Omega44 sever and the representation of sequence alignment was generated using the ESPript45 website (http://espript.ibcp.fr). The generic residue numbering of GPCR is based on the GPCRdb46 (https://gpcrdb.org/).
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
371,342 |
To elucidate whether AK045171 was capable of decreasing cardiac hypertrophy in vivo, mice were injected with Ad-AK045171 in the heart 1 week after TAC surgery. TAC-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice was expected to be reflected by increased heart weight, and Ad-AK045171 overexpression in mice reversed the TAC-induced changes. Cardiomyocyte size was determined in histological sections of hearts and was found to be significantly decreased in the Ad-AK045171 group compared with the Ad-vector group (Figure 2B). To assess cardiac function, the parameters LVEDP, LVFS, LVEF, and LVESD were detected. LVEDP and LVESD were significantly reduced in the Ad-AK045171 group compared with the Ad-vector group. LVFS and LVEF were significantly improved in the Ad-AK045171 group at 4 weeks (Figure 2C).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
340,852 |
Belgium and the Netherlands have, in many respects, had a similar crisis experience. Both countries suspended social life in mid‐March, implemented similarly ambitious fiscal packages and reopened their societies in a phased way that followed a comparable timetable. Belgium and the Netherlands have also been regrettably comparable in their public health outcomes as the countries suffered relatively high death tolls. However, in spite of this high cost, the political debate following the COVID crisis has hardly centered around health care as such. Rather, for both countries the post‐COVID political landscape has been shaped by the difficulties encountered by multi‐level policymaking. As Fieldhouse et al. (2020) have argued, crises tend to influence what is on voter's minds. In the Low Countries, COVID‐19 has arguably done exactly this by stirring up already lingering institutional questions as their crisis was marked by the issues and shortcomings of multi‐level policymaking.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
185,226 |
The mechanism underlying microcapsule formation is ionic gelation, whereby the liquid droplets are collected in the electrolyte bath through a process of ion exchange . More specifically, the mannuronic and guluronic components of alginate (carrying a negative charge) form strong crosslinks with Ca2+ by displacing the Ca2+ from the Cl− in exchange of Na+, and the entire process can be summarized to the theoretical and idealistic level in Equation (1) . (1)SodiumAlginate+Calcium Chloride →Calcium Alginate+ Sodium Chloride2Na(Alginate)+CaCl2→Ca(Alginate)+ 2NaCl2(C6H7NaO6)n + CaCl2→ (C12H14CaO12)n + 2NaCl
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
316,120 |
Ensure the acceptability of the technologies used for data collection. The use of a geo-tracer appeared to be helpful and appreciated. Respondents spoke positively about its use. The ability to communicate and transmit road crash data quickly was appreciated. On this point, the option offered by the research team to use a smartphone seemed to be welcomed in this project. The team’s expertise also showed that the use of smartphones had also been appreciated in other research projects in Benin and Mali and could help enhance local actors’ sense of empowerment. In Burkina Faso, the technology showed promise for providing, on an ongoing basis, rigorous data on which to base actions to reduce crashes and alert the authorities . It also showed that it was possible to implement new data collection methods or tools, when police officers in the units normally only had access to paper crash report forms, a result that is relevant in many other sectors, such as health. Further research activities, using the same technology, were seen as a means of ensuring the continued availability of rigorous data. However, depending on research funds to pay the telephone charges to transmit data appears to be a major impediment to the sustainable use of the technologies.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
|
143,724 |
Eleven other prospective studies were identified that tested the effect of alternative treatments for RBD (see Table 1), including two RCTs on a cholinesterase inhibitor (rivastigmine) [27, 28], one RCT on a glutamatergic antagonist (memantine) , two open-label studies on a melatonin-agonist (ramelteon) [48, 49], five open-label studies on dopamine-agonists (pramipexole, ropinirole, and rotigotine) [50–54], and one open-label study on a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (paroxetine) . The existing evidence for all other alternative drugs trialed to reduce RBD is based solely on retrospective accounts and case reports (see Table 3). The evidence on the effectiveness of all the alternative treatments for RBD is described in the Supplementary materials. Given the lack of robust evidence, to date none of these pharmacological agents can be recommended as first-line treatment options for RBD.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
187,690 |
The surface is fitted as a binary function ΔEn* = fn(λ, Q), where n = 1 ~ 23, representing 1 ~ 23 pigments. This function can realize the mathematical description of the coupling effect of exposure and SPD on the color of a specific pigment, so as to quantitatively calculate the color change. Taking graphite pigment as an example, the relative responsivity function to exposure and SPD is shown in Eq. (2), and the goodness of fit of the equation is R2 = 0.9523.2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ \begin{aligned} \Delta E_8^* & = f_8(\lambda ,Q) = 3.608 - 0.01101*\lambda + 8.478e - 06*\lambda^{2} \\ & \quad + 7.769e - 07*\lambda *Q - 1.551e - 09*Q^{2} \\ & \quad - 5.851e - 12*\lambda *Q^{2} - 7.714e - 10*\lambda^{2} *Q \\ \end{aligned} $$\end{document}ΔE8∗=f8(λ,Q)=3.608-0.01101∗λ+8.478e-06∗λ2+7.769e-07∗λ∗Q-1.551e-09∗Q2-5.851e-12∗λ∗Q2-7.714e-10∗λ2∗Q
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
351,175 |
Perhaps owing to such lack of systematic evidence, maternal history of neonatal death remains absent from World Health Organization guidelines concerning high-risk pregnancy.5,6,7,8,9 While women with a history of neonatal death are identified as a high-risk group in the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision,23 it is not incorporated in governmental health programs in low- and middle-income countries. In the Indian context, for instance, maternal history of neonatal death is not featured in the Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan,8 a flagship program launched in 2016 to provide comprehensive and high-quality antenatal care, free of cost, to all pregnant women on the ninth day of every month. One of the factors outlined in the Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan to identify high-risk pregnancy is history of adverse obstetric outcomes, including history of still birth, abortion, congenital malformation, obstructed labor, and premature birth.8 However, the documentation in Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan exclusively focuses on previous cesarean birth, followed by a recommendation to ensure birth in a comprehensive emergency obstetric care setting, and there is no explicit mention of history of neonatal death. A key advantage of using history of neonatal death as a screening tool to identify women at higher risk of neonatal mortality is its practicality and applicability for individual clinical care as well as targeted public health policies and interventions.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
367,810 |
We believe that our findings also provide crucial information in light of recent structural studies on tau filaments from degenerated brain tissues. Ubiquitin is proposed to play a structural role by mediating specific inter-protofilament packing and promoting the formation of fibril subtypes, specific of the different tauopathies . Moreover, future investigations are required to elucidate the synergic effects played by different post-translational modifications, such as ubiquitination, phosphorylation and acetylation, in the transition of tau protein to toxic species, with the aim to understand their implications in the different pathologies.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
208,588 |
Other general cognitive screening tests, such as Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and MoCA, have been used in clinical practice in various neurological disorders. Although MMSE is widely used as a screening tool for HAND, studies have indicated that it is not very reliable in detecting cognitive impairment in PLWH . The MoCA has been used in patients with HIV as a screening instrument with variable results. A recent systematic review found that a lower threshold than the original cut-off of 26 is probably more useful for HAND screening; the optimal cut-off score that offered the best balance between true-positive and false-positive results was reported to be 23 .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
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