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During the pilot, the documentation of each diagnosis on the new screen involved the following steps: first the physician free texts the diagnosis in the free text field, then clicks an icon beside the corresponding ICD-11 field. This opens up a new window with another search box into which the physician types in the search terms (they can copy and paste the free text diagnosis). After selecting the correct ICD-11 entity, they click a save icon on the screen, and close this window, returning them to the diagnosis screen. The selected ICD-11 entity title will now automatically appear in the ICD-11 field on the diagnosis screen. The ICD-11 code and the corresponding Unique Resource Identifier (URI) are automatically saved in the database and will not appear on the final diagnosis screen. Figure 1 shows the new diagnosis screen on the EHIS. A demonstration of how to use it is included in the training video uploaded to the NCHI YouTube channel from 3:20 to 4:07 .
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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367,694 |
Each experiment includes various numbers of samples (n), and each experiment has been repeated at least three times. Statistical analysis of results was conducted by using one-way ANOVA and Student’s t-test to identify the differences between two groups, with p < 0.05 being considered a significant difference.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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174,193 |
“Usually there are no problems, but if in the course of the day, you ask me to do too many surveys, I will get lazy and won’t want to do any more...For example, after I finish [a survey], sometimes just an hour or two later I’d receive another prompt. Basically, it felt like I just completed a prompt and since that time, nothing has changed. So, I won’t do the other survey.” [24 years, PTSD+/HIV+]
| 1 | 2other
| 0Study
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11,054 |
Following the same approach, we also excluded the possibility that increased pattern similarity for similar directions was driven by more frequent imagination of the same target buildings. As shown in Figure 1 — supplement 2, directions were sampled from the inner ring of buildings in Donderstown and mostly targeted locations towards the outside of the city. Therefore, target buildings could not be sampled from all directions. After excluding comparisons of trials targeting the same location in a second analysis, pattern similarity remained greater for comparisons of similar directions (T23 = 4.07, p<0.001; Figure 2—figure supplement 2a, bar II).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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4,790 |
Infection stages of C. purpurea strains at the time point of sample collection. a The wild-type Cp20.1 (black line) enters the ovary at the stigmatic hairs (s), passes the transmitting tissue (tm), grows around the ovule (o) and almost reaches the base of the ovary. b The virulence-attenuated mutant Δcptf1 (grey continuous and dashed line) also penetrates the stigmatic hairs but reaches the base only sparsely. Δcpcdc42 (grey continuous line) penetrates the stigmatic hairs but does not enter the ovarian cap
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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297,148 |
This review highlights the potential of the Leg Club social model of care to make contributions to reducing the burden for people with chronic leg wounds and the costs associated with these conditions. A few Leg Clubs are starting to be commissioned by NHS local commissioning groups who believe that the cost-savings and improvement in care demonstrated by local audits are convincing (Lindsay, 2001; Elster et al., 2013). NICE guidance relies on high-quality evidence, which is required of Leg Club care to enable commissioners and health professionals to make sound scientific and cost-effectiveness decisions on referral of patients presented with leg ulcers. The overall quality of the evidence is lacking and warrants future research using more robust RCT designs to determine the efficacy of Leg Club interventions on ulcer healing.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
229,105 |
The mean difference of precision was 23.57 ± 5.77 µm with the suggested strategy of intraoral scanning and using a new design of the tip, 38.34 ± 11.39 µm with the suggested strategy of intraoral scanning and using the old design of the tip, and 46.93 ± 7.15 µm with a new strategy of intraoral scanning and using the old design of the tip (F = 86.032; p < 0.001) (Figure 7). Post hoc analysis with Tukey’s HSD correction revealed that the mean difference of precision was statistically significantly lower with the suggested strategy and using a new tip compared to the suggested strategy of scanning with the old design of the tip (p < 0.001) and a new strategy of scanning using the old design of the tip (p < 0.001) (Table 1).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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14,188 |
- Sociodemographic and Clinical Characterization Questionnaire: adopted based on a study undertaken in patients with cancer 9 and subjected to content validation by specialists. This contains questions for sociodemographic and clinical characterization of the sample and was answered by the women and confirmed in the medical records by the researcher. In the medical records there were incomplete areas referent to clinical issues of the tumor such as the hormones estrogen and progesterone, or data on staging, which lead to loss to follow-up.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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153,470 |
Constitutive expression of hexahistidine-tagged recombinant LDM mutant enzymes (ScLDM6×His Y140H, ScLDM6×His I471T and ScLDM6×His Y140H I471T) from the PDR5 locus supported normal growth in yeast cells with the native ERG11 gene deleted. We therefore tested whether the Y140H and I471T mutations modify the expression of LDM and the in vitro binding of azole drugs. Coomassie blue staining of crude membrane preparations indicated that the recombinant mutant enzymes were overexpressed (Figure 2a). Their identities were confirmed by mass spectrometry of tryptic fragments of bands migrating at the molecular weight of 62 kDa predicted for the recombinant enzymes (Supplementary Figure S1). Western blots of the crude membrane fractions probed with an anti-His-tag antibody confirmed these observations and showed that ScLDM6×His Y140H, ScLDM6×His I471T, and ScLDM6×His Y140H I471T were expressed at 0.74, 0.51, and 0.41 of the wild-type ScLDM6×His, respectively (Figure 2b).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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370,620 |
Multiple studies have shown that the clinical sensitivity of a RT-PCR assay is under the influence of specimen type, amount of virus in a swab and the specimen collection time in relation to the onset of symptoms. In one study with 205 patients, RT-PCR sensitivity was 93% for BLF, 72% for sputum, 63% for nasal swabs, and only 32% for throat swabs . The presence of viral load that is below the assay’s LOD will also elicit false negative results. Therefore, a judicious way to increase viral load is to collect combined nose and throat swabs. Viral kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 showed that the viral load in respiratory specimens often peaks in the first week of illness and decreases as the disease progresses . This posited appropriate sample collection times to enhance sensitivity. These findings are similar to a report that showed a 100% positive RT-PCR result by week 1 after onset of symptoms, followed by 89.3%, 66%, and 32% at week 2, week 3, and week4, respectively. By week 5, the positive detection rate plummeted down to only 5.4% . In contrast to the widely used NP swabs, a study more recently showed an increase in the sensitivity by 13% when saliva samples were used . Virus titers from saliva samples were found significantly higher than NP swabs and more importantly, unlike NP swabs, less temporal variation in viral titer was observed with longitudinally collected saliva samples. To accurately estimate diagnostic sensitivity, a clear-cut generalization regarding specimen quality through a rigorous study with large sample size on the dynamic of viral shedding and its correlation across the time course of infection is required.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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351,225 |
The GelMA spectrum showed peaks at 1640, 1541, and 1240 cm−1 related to the C=O stretching (amide I), N-H bending (amide II), and C-N stretching plus N-H bending (amide III) , respectively. Moreover, a N-H stretching (amide A) could be observed at 3303 cm−1, as well as a stretching vibration of CH at 2934 cm−1 corresponding to the symmetric and asymmetric stretching in the CH2 groups of alkyl chains (Figure 3) .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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230,575 |
Despite the low expansion force, the GINA stent displayed a higher anti-migration force, compared to the Dumon stent, which was further confirmed by the animal experiments. The aforesaid superiority can be attributed to the creative surface design of the GINA stent, which comprises a right-angled triangle-shaped outer ring pertaining to the cartilaginous trachea and a raised, three-line arrangement pertaining to the membranous trachea. During the formulation of the design of the GINA stent, we reviewed several previously developed airway stents and the most inspiring were the Freitag stent and the Natural stent13–15. The two aforementioned stents have a common outer ring for cartilaginous trachea, which plays a role in the inhibition of migration. The current design improved on this feature (to maximize the anti-migratory friction) by transforming the outer ring into a right-angled triangle shape, and including a raised, three-line arrangement for the membranous trachea. The right-angled triangle-shaped outer ring is specifically designed to further suppress the proximal migration of the stent, which is more dangerous, compared to distal migration (proximal migration can lead to glottic obstruction or complete stent breakaway, resulting in suffocation)16,17. The present study confirmed this through the results of the mechanical test, which showed an improved anti-migration force in relation to the GINA stent backward direction. Moreover, the in-vivo effectiveness was recognized to a certain extent through the evaluation of short-term performance. Migration is a common complication associated with airway stents, especially silicone stent18,19, and several attempts have been made to inhibit the same. The Montgomery T tube was fabricated with a side arm that passes through a tracheostomy, which provides the stent with a fixation to the trachea20. Recently, an external fixation method was introduced, which resolved the cosmetic problem associated with the Montgomery T tube21. However, these methods can only be employed for the management of upper tracheal stenosis. In case of lower tracheal or bronchial stenosis, a bifurcation stent might facilitate the prevention of migration. However, the stent insertion is a challenging endeavor, owing to the size of the stent, which is excessively large, compared to the segment of stenosis22,23. Nevertheless, in order to prevent the migration of the stent, it is necessary to improve the friction (i.e., anti-migration force) using stents of suitable dimensions [diameter larger than the stenosis, but slightly smaller (80–90%), compared to the airway diameter around the stenosis]4,24 as well as by improving the stent surface design (like studs, spikes, or protruding arcs)5,16,21,25,26.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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209,981 |
The cells were extracted by the method as described previously (Siegmund et al., 2006). The amount of protein from each sample was quantified and equal quantity aliquots protein was run on 10-17% SDS gels according to the size of the protein. The gels were transferred on to the PVDF membrane and subjected to blocking with dry milk or bovine serum albumin. The blots were incubated with anti-phospho p65 (S536), anti-phospho (Tyr458)-p85, anti-β-actin (all from Cell Signaling Technology), Matrix Remodeling Sampler Kit (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-Rac1 and -RhoA (ab211168), and Myosin Light Chain, MYLK2 (Proteintech), Anti-TLR4 antibody (ab13556), AGER antibody (Proteintech), FPR2 antibody (Proteintech) for 2 hr at RT. The blots were incubated with secondary antibody (Goat anti-rabbit and Goat anti-mouse HRP conjugated (both from abcam) for 1 hr at RT and the bands were visualized by the enhanced chemiluminescence light method (SAGECREATION, Life Sciences). β-actin or glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (Proteintech) antibodies were used to probe the blot to demonstrate equal loading among the samples.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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131,291 |
Despite the differences, our study shows that the discrimination ability and the model's calibration in the patient cohorts from Slovakia and Croatia are practically identical to these reported in the original study. However, a slight, nonsignificant trend towards underestimating the proportion of the responders is present in the lower probabilities range. This trend is not restricted to Slovakia and Croatian patients only but can be observed in the GLOBE cohort as well.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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106,978 |
Plants were grown vertically on MS media as described above. For treatment, roots were cutoff at the basal region near the junction with hypocotyl, and placed in coverslip chamber (Lab-Tek; Nunc) containing 50 μM Oryzalin in (0.5% DMSO) or 0.5% DMSO for mock treatments. Treatments were typically 30–60 min and are indicated in the figure legends.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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166,043 |
Identification of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt as an important downstream factor regulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3/β-catenin in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. (A) Gene Ontology (GO) biological process analysis of the 54 proteins enriched in the PI3K/Akt pathway. (B) The proteins in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway with the most significant changes in phosphorylation (greater than 2-fold). (C) The changes in the phosphorylation of proteins involved in VEGF/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) signaling, GSK3/β-catenin signaling, and apoptosis. The data of each phosphorylation site level exhibited were the mean of two biological replicates. (D) The fluorescence signal values, standard curves, and calculated concentrations of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and VEGF in mortalin-plasmid- and vector-transfected HepG2 cells in the angiogenic antibody array. Means and standard deviations were calculated from replicate samples, and the differences were analyzed using Student’s t-test. (E) An outline map speculating the potential mechanisms involved in mortalin-induced angiogenesis and sorafenib resistance.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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270,867 |
As illustrated in Figure 4A , unstimulated CSFE+CD3+CD4+ T-cells were high in the SC (46.63% (vi)) and IN (46.32% (x)) immunized mice (pre) as compared to the PBS control (43.93% (ii)). Moreover, there were more proliferating CD4+ T-cells (M1 population) than resting CD4+ T-cells (M2 population) with the SC mice exhibiting higher proliferating CD4+ T-cells (70.03% (vi)) as compared to the IN (66.42% (xi)) and PBS control (66.62% (iii)). Following stimulation of cells with rMOMP an increase of CFSE+CD3+CD4+ T-cells was seen more in the SC (51.26%) than the IN (47.78%) and PBS (45.92%) groups, respectively ( Figures 4B (ii), (vi), (x)). Importantly, we observed an enhancement in the M1 proliferating CD4+ T-cells in the immunized SC (74.71%) and IN (69.59%) mice but not the PBS control (66.17%) ( Figures 4B (iii), (vii), (xi)), which are suggestive of immune memory for antigen recognition. These results suggest increased in T-cell numbers and enhanced proliferation of CD4+ T-cells, especially in the SC-immunized mice.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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169,975 |
Western blot analysis was performed as described previously (Li Y. et al., 2018). Western blot analysis was performed with anti-cleaved PARP (#5625), anti-cleaved-caspase9 (#9501), anti-β-Tubulin (#2146), anti-p-STAT3 (#9145), and anti-STAT3 (#9139) antibodies purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, United States). An anti-NPY5R (#PA5-106850) antibody was purchased from Invitrogen (Waltham, MA, United States). Anti- cyclin B1 (sc-245) antibody was obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology., Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA, United States). Anti-cdc25c (#A5133) antibody was purchased from Bimake (Houston, TX, United States).
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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118,462 |
Over the past 20 years, primarily the Shoda, Fairbanks, and Nitz groups have performed extensive studies on molecules that selectively react at the anomeric position of a saccharide and result in the direct activation at the anomeric carbon. We termed these strategies direct anomeric activation as minimal or no protecting groups to access the parent donors are required. Several methods have been developed and have thus allowed for numerous transformations to occur completely devoid of protection on the other hydroxy groups (Figure 4). Many of these reactions also take place under aqueous conditions which adds increased potential for the widespread use of these agents. These strategies appear more idealized than the indirect activation methods discussed above because the activated donors are available directly from the unprotected saccharide. However, in many instances the scope of the reaction is more constrained so improvements will be welcomed in the future that are almost certainly already underway. In this context the recently published review of Jensen, Thygesen, and co-workers is mentioned as an alternative source as some of the examples from this section also can be found therein .
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
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230,110 |
Our sequence alignment, evolution, and gene structure analyses all indicated that the CcTIDS6 and CcTIDS7 genes most likely encode SPPS enzymes. Hence, only the eight putative SC-TIDS-encoding genes were included in further analyses of expression patterns and subcellular localization, and an enzymatic assay.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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345,296 |
The experimental environment includes two types of control signals. The first controls are isodistributional surrogate data . Surrogate data are derived from the experimental time series by randomizing the property that needs to be tested, keeping the other signal attributes intact. Thus, isodistributional surrogates randomly permute the signal to destroy the orderliness that is checked by entropy analysis. The signal distribution function remains unchanged. The second controls are artificially generated signals—a series of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) samples with Gaussian distribution and with exponential distribution. Gaussian signals possess a unique property in which linear independency implies statistical independency , and that it is an asymptotic distribution of the sum of i.i.d. samples (with some constraints) , an issue important for the multiscale entropy coarse-graining. Signals with exponential distribution are often implemented when there is a need to test the signals with large variance.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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145,174 |
The plasmid sets used to express proteins in E. coli (pET/RpL22 for the full-length protein expression; pET/H5 for the H1-H5 domain expression; pET/L22 for the ribosomal domain expression) were constructed by PCR amplification of either the full-length, the 5′-terminal or the 3′-terminal part of the cDNA and subsequent cloning into the pET-200 vector.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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306,752 |
Nevertheless, despite its ubiquity, Ca2+ represents a Promethean paradox for cells, being both necessary for life, but also cytotoxic, a dynamic signaling molecule necessarily kept within a narrow concentration range . Ca2+-dependent cytotoxicity occurs both from the complexation of calcium phosphate as well as signaling dependent mechanisms. In eukaryotes, these signaling mechanisms include Ca2+-dependent proteases , phospholipases , endonucleases , and activation of apoptotic proteins . To precisely regulate intracellular Ca2+ levels, eukaryotes utilize a complement of Ca2+ transport proteins including ATP-dependent pumps, voltage-gated membrane channels , ion porters, and sequestration into organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and lysosomes . That such a wide array of regulatory mechanisms have evolved to maintain and modulate intracellular Ca2+ levels, and initiate programmed cell death in the event of failure, suggests that Ca2+ toxicity is a persistent danger in the life of a cell. In prokaryotes, conversely, only recently has a native voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel been discovered . The extent to which similar mechanisms exist in prokaryotes for modifying Ca2+ pools and initiating cell death is yet undetermined. Regardless, the double-edged sword of Ca2+ is an unavoidable evolutionary constraint for single-cell organisms.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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385,973 |
Sign language is the preferred form of communication for millions of people around the world , and for many signers, written language is a second language. These factors contribute to the many challenges that Deaf and hard-of-hearing people face in day to day interactions with the hearing. For the millions of hearing people who interact with native signers, educational software can be an important part of the learning process and can provide valuable practice opportunities for many critical parts of sign language.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
235,785 |
This studys main drawback is its retrospective design, resulting in lower accuracy and consistency of data than in comparable prospective collected data sets. This disadvantage might be partly outweighed by the cohort’s size, strict exclusion criteria and robust statistical assessment. Our data does not allow a direct correlation between PaCO2 level and corresponding ICP. This connection was only made indirectly by using the clinical surrogate parameters of increased ICP, i.e. conservative and surgical ICP therapy. Furthermore, this study does not exclusively include patients that were ventilated for the whole surveillance period. To address this potential risk of bias, the results were corrected for the duration of ventilation.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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371,212 |
Tumour-promoting inflammation is described as the ‘fuel that feeds the flames’ [253, 254]. Numerous immune cells have been shown to be intimately involved with the TME, promoting tumour progression [130, 134, 221, 255]. On account of the similarities between the tumour stroma and the inflammatory conditions in wounds, tumours have been described as ‘wounds that do not heal’ . Additionally, infections have been suggested to be responsible for over 15% of malignancies, with inflammation playing a major role in infection-mediated cancer development [257, 258]. Although some infiltrating immune cells function in eliminating tumours, certain others promote tumour growth, resulting in a poor clinical outcome.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
94,890 |
Expression patterns of the five HbMYBs responding to phytohormone treatment. The relative transcript abundances of HbMYBs were examined via qRT-PCR. The y-axis is the scale of the relative transcript abundance level. The x-axis shows the time course of the phytohormone treatment. The average of three independent biological replicates was computed at each time. Data are presented as mean ± standard error (SE) (n = 3). The statistical significance of the differences was assessed by ANOVA (one or two stars correspond to P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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280,642 |
Particular attention has been paid to the effect of cooking on onion phenolic compounds stability and extractability . In all the studies, boiling was the thermal treatment that caused the highest loss of flavonols . Conflicting results have been obtained when frying procedure was used. For example, Rodrigues et al. did not find any effect of frying on flavonols content whereas Juaniz et al. detected an increased extractability of flavonols after frying. By contrast, other authors found a small decrease in the onion flavonols content after frying . Regarding the other cooking procedures, baking was found to have no or a slight negative effect on onion flavonols whereas grilling caused an increase in extractable flavonols concentration . In red onion varieties, anthocyanins were always degraded independently of the thermal treatment but with different intensities .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
45,883 |
As most available data are from cross-sectional studies at the time of delivery, there are limited longitudinal data on malaria during pregnancy, and the impact of gestational malaria burden on measures of placental malaria and birth outcomes. A prospective study in Benin showed an association between microscopic and submicroscopic infections (detected by PCR) measured early in pregnancy with and increased risk of LBW and PTB, respectively , but did not investigate the relationship between placental malaria and adverse birth outcomes. An observational study in Uganda reported that malaria in pregnancy (diagnosed by peripheral microscopy) was associated with LBW and PTB ; however, pregnant women often have low levels of parasitaemia that require more sensitive molecular methods for detection, such as loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) . A Malawian study found an association between submicroscopic peripheral malaria diagnosed by qPCR and the prevalence of placental malaria, but no associations between submicroscopic infection and adverse birth outcomes .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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301,930 |
Laying hen ileal soluble digesta viscosity was not affected by the interaction between HB and BGase levels (Table 4). However, the main effects were significant with viscosity levels lower for the 73 (4.22 cP) than the 0% (6.47 cP) HB level and viscosity decreasing with increasing BGase level; viscosity was lower for the 0.1 (4.56 cP) than 0% (6.06 cP) treatment, and the 0.01% level (5.41 cP) was intermediate and not different than the lower or higher levels.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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258,730 |
The applicability and reliability of developed mTBI biomarker assays, on both ECL instrument platforms, were evaluated in a complex physiological matrix by standard addition method. Different concentrations of biomarkers were added in human serum diluted 2× with respective assay diluents (defined as “spiked” concentration). Based on the obtained ECL signal intensity, the corresponding biomarker concentrations (defined as “detected” concentration) were calculated according to the regression equation performed using the same matrix (4PL dose-response curve). The recoveries were calculated by the ratio between the “detected” and “spiked”, and the obtained results are summarized in Table 5 (Figure S5). It could be seen that the recoveries ranged from 79% to 128%, which seems acceptable at this development stage. These results suggest that with further development and optimization, these assays have a potential for future mTBI clinical diagnostic applications.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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110,669 |
For local optimization using forward sensitivity analysis (trust-region method) and local optimization using adjoint sensitivity analysis (interior-point method) we quantified the computation time across 100 local optimization runs with different initial conditions. For 41 out of 100 initial points the gradient could not be evaluated due to numerical problems. These optimization runs are omitted in all further analysis. (a,c) Comparison of objective function value with respect to iteration number and computation time. The hulls and medians computed for both methods are depicted as shaded areas and solid lines. (b,d) Pairwise comparison of objective function value after 10 iterations and 5 hours for both methods. Each dot corresponds to one initial point for the optimization. The coloring indicates which method performed better. (e) Pairwise comparison of the time required to reach the final objective function value achieved in the forward approach. For the adjoint approach the equivalent time is the minimal time to reach the same objective function value. Each dot corresponds to one initial point for the optimization. (f) Histogram of speedup by using adjoint sensitivity analysis over forward sensitivity analysis for individual initial points, computed from (e). All computations were performed on a linux cluster. Runs with same initial conditions were carried out on the same computation node.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
368,826 |
In order to lower the influence of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\dot{V}_{L,o}$$\end{document}V˙L,o over bioreactor operation, biomass withdrawal may be decoupled from the removal of fermentation broth. Biomass retention within biofilms is known for increasing bioreactor productivity, yet in prolonged periods could lead to clogging . If the biofilms were shaped into granules instead, clogging may be avoided and larger hydraulic loads can be handled by gas-lift bioreactors due to the high settling velocity of the granules . Up to date there is no report on a gas fermentation set-up that uses biomass retention within granules, however a recent publication showed that C. ljungdahlii produces biofilms under stress by NaCl .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
288,076 |
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM): The morphology of the nanofiber formulations was evaluated by SEM (Figure 4). The uncoated, electrospun CANFs with and without the drug appeared to be nearly identical, exhibiting a diameter of ca. 25 nm with no beads formed within the nanofiber matrix. This suggested that loading 5 and 10 wt.% of the drug on the CANFs had no detectable impact on the morphology of the material. Conversely, the polymerization process and coating of the CANFs with poly-AAm hydrogel polymer significantly affects crystallinity of the resulting product by creating an amorphous layer on the surface of the CANFs. This change in morphology confirms the successful coating of the CANFs through in situ polymerization of the AAm monomer forming the poly-AAm polymer hydrogel to entrap the drug-loaded CANFs. The SEM analysis is consistent with the XRD data discussed above.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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248,613 |
Clinically, the disease has three main phases: acute, post-acute, and chronic. In the acute phase, symptom onset ranges from 2–12 days following bites by an infected mosquito. This phase is associated with an abrupt onset of fever, headache, arthralgia, myalgia, fatigue, prostration, and rash. Severe joint pain is the most prevalent symptom, described in 90% of cases. The post-acute phase appears after 14 days of illness, following the febrile period. At this stage, joint pain is observed, which may last for up to 3 months. Finally, in the chronic phase, articular manifestations are seen, which are usually debilitating and can persist for many years .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
126,530 |
Music with biofeedback was also among the relaxation techniques that showed positive results . Music therapy has been shown to regulate both the physical and the mental health by affecting both the physiology and psychology of the person. Music can be combined with and included in different mental health management approaches and relaxation techniques and can be used as a relaxation method on its own, as it was reported to be as effective as the progressive muscle relaxation method . Because preferred or accepted types of music can be different in each community, when including music in psychological treatments, cultural consideration might be necessary .
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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320,087 |
The two batches of extracts were run separately using the following protocol, however two different ACE C18 columns were used. Due to the change in column and the time lapsed (~2 years) between analysis of batch 1 and batch 2, these datasets have been analysed separately.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
235,608 |
An important next step will be to identify the cellular and/or tissue sources of complement activation, and their relative contributions to systemic active complement levels. One clue in this context may come from the association between the levels of C1q, the initiating factor of the classical complement pathway, and the levels of complement effectors C3a and TCC that we observed. C1q can instigate complement activation after direct binding to apoptotic cancer cells. It can also activate the complement cascade after binding to IgM or IgG antibody–antigen complexes, which may occur in pancreatic tumors as a result of neo-antigen expression by tumor cells. Both processes lead to the clearance of cells through macrophage phagocytosis, which could promote chronic inflammation as seen in cachexia.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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376,125 |
Turland confirmed that these proposals were essentially the same as the previous two but with a later starting date of 2025. Art. 54 Prop. B applied to all organisms treated under the Code, extending “a bacterial or protozoan name” to “a name available under either the prokaryote or the zoological Code”. The Nomenclature Committee for Fungi had only 50% support for it, whereas the Nomenclature Committee for Algae supported it. As for Rec. 54A Prop. B, this would become necessary upon acceptance of Art. 54 Prop. B, but would only apply as a Recommendation when the new rule took effect on 1 January 2025. The Nomenclature Committee for Fungi only had 50% support for Rec. 54B Prop. B, whereas the Nomenclature Committee for Algae supported it.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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158,101 |
Hypothalamic CRH expression was downregulated after EA treatment in NMDA-administered mice. (A) Cannula implantation was performed and fluorescent dye (DiIC18) was injected into the hypothalamus through the cannula to determine the accuracy of drug injection (Administration location: AP 0.6 mm, ML ± 0.2 mm, DV 4.5 mm). For the GluN2A agonist, different doses of NMDA (0.08 nmol/μL, 0.4 nmol/μL, and 2 nmol/μL) were injected into the bilateral hypothalamus. (B) Quantification of hypothalamic CRH mRNA. (C,D) Representative WB images and quantification for CRH protein (n = 6 for each group) 24 h after NMDA injection. Quantification of CRH (E) mRNA and (F,G) protein in the NS, NMDA, NMDA + EA, and EA groups (n = 5 for each group). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. *vs. NS group (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001); #vs. NMDA group (#p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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108,722 |
Analysis of various parameters in the novel tank test. (A, B) Number of entries to the middle or top zone of the tank. (C) Freezing duration. Duration of freezing time (seconds) was measured in every minute. KO zebrafish show reduced freezing behavior, compared to that of WT zebrafish. (D, E) Total distance moved (cm) and mean velocity (cm/s). No significant difference was detected between WT and KO fish. Number of fish used in this assay: n = 8 for WT fish, n = 8 for KO fish, respectively. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 by Student’s t test. (PDF 1031 kb)
| 4 | 0biomedical
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29,528 |
We can use Theorem 3 to find an upper bound for the distance between any pair of networks in \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathcal {N}}(X)$$\end{document}N(X), irrespective of tier.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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90,221 |
Acne vulgaris is a dermatological disease caused by changes in the hair follicle and its associated sebaceous gland, jointly called the pilosebaceous unit. AV affects approximately 80% of the population between 12 and 25 years of age. It does not display race or gender prevalence differences . Three factors are required for the development of AV, these being sebum, androgens, and the bacterium Propionibacterium acnes. AV begins with the release of androgens, which in turn leads to the increased production of sebum in the sebaceous glands and intrafollicular hyperkeratosis . The resulting skin lesions can be either comedones or inflammatory in nature.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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155,327 |
Starch is synthesized in amyloplasts from its initial substrates, glucose 1-phosphate (G1P) and glucose 6-phosphate (G6P). G1P and G6P are imported into an amyloplast and synthesized to amylose and amylopectin by several enzymes playing orchestrated roles, including phosphoglucomutase (PGM), ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP), granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS), soluble starch synthase (SS), starch branch enzyme (SBE), starch debranching enzyme (DBE), starch phosphorylase (Pho), and dismutase (DPE) (Figure 5A). In total, 32 starch synthesis-related genes (SSRGs) were annotated in the 93-11 genome (Figure 5B and Supplementary Table 20). Gene expression analysis demonstrated that there were significant differences in the expression levels of the SSRGs, as well as in the expression patterns during seed development.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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235,054 |
Holzinger used transcriptomics to elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind desiccation tolerance of Klebsormidium—it would be useful to see if analogous transcripts exist in Stichococcus-like organisms, as this could also ground these terrestrial Chlorophyta along the timeline of terrestrial habitat colonization.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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44,491 |
This section briefly describes the experimental setup in this paper designed to test catastrophic forgetting. A more detailed description of the implementation is in Materials and Methods. With a few exceptions (S1 Table) the experimental setup is the same as Ellefsen et al. . Because the network topology, food encoding, and some of the learning parameters are different from Ellefsen et al. , the networks from this paper can not be directly compared to their work.
| 2 | 0biomedical
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113,253 |
Plants are a separate eukaryotic experiment in complex multicellularity. The fact that plants have, like animals, evolved a molecular developmental system with high-level control genes embedded in a one-to-many control structure with feedbacks, subject to heterochrony, heterotopy, and co-option (Rodríguez-Mega et al. 2015) gives a strong indication of the selective imperatives and constraints behind developmental systems derived from a common prokaryote ancestry. However, the extreme modularity of individual plants, the high frequency of asexual reproduction in some clades, the remarkable levels of plasticity, the ability to manage repeated and frequent whole-genome duplications (i.e. polyploidy), indeterminate growth, the nonmigratory nature of plant cells, and the potential incorporation of somatic mutations into the germ line, all raise deep questions on the role played by developmental mechanisms in determining evolutionary rates or patterns (see Traverse 1988; Valentine et al. 1991; Crepet and Niklas 2009; Niklas and Kutschera 2009; Zhang et al. 2010; Clarke 2011; Specht and Howarth 2015, for a sampling of hypotheses). A research program is needed that explores the potential differences, quantitative or qualitative, in the rate, direction, or pattern of phenotypic change and taxonomic diversification in animals and plants, and how those features compare between plants and clonal animals such as corals, and among plant clades that differ significantly in the properties listed above. The few analyses of plants in morphospace do not show first-order qualitative differences from animals in evolutionary pattern, tempo, or mode (Stebbins 1951; Boyce and Knoll 2002; Niklas 2004, 2009; Chartier et al. 2014), but plant-animal macroevolutionary comparisons have just begun, and quantitative tests are needed. For example, plant modularity may impart a larger potential for homeotic transformation of one structure into another. Such transformations can be equally dramatic in animals but evidently have rarely been associated with the origin of persistent evolutionary novelties, whereas homeotic transformations may underlie at least some evolutionary changes in plant form (e.g. Theissen 2010; Pires and Dolan 2012). In addition, plants evidently differ from animals in first-order clade dynamics: whereas the major evolutionary cohorts of animals tend to show decreasing turnover rates through the Phanerozoic, the successive floras of the Phanerozoic show increasing turnover rates (Valentine et al. 1991; Cleal and Cascales-Miñana 2014), presumably because angiosperms have such high speciation rates that they maintain their clade diversities far from the absorbing boundary that tends to trap volatile animal clades. Further, the major floral turnovers and origination of key novelties are not associated with the mass extinctions exhibited in the animal fossil record (McElwain and Punyasena 2007; Cleal and Cascales-Miñana 2014), even though the mass extinctions are clearly associated with global environmental perturbations. How far down the taxonomic hierarchy these dynamical contrasts extends is unknown.
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60,774 |
This HCPCA structure was then compared against all known phenazine structures in the NCBI database without detecting any similarities. The most closely related compound was saphenamycin with an additional methyl group and a different functional group [6-(1-hydroxyethyl)1-phenazinecarboxylic acid instead of 4-methoxybenzene-1,2-diol in HCPCA] (Fig. S2).
| 4 | 0biomedical
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308,965 |
There are, however, alternative ways of measuring tie strength which do not rely on a discrete scale like the one used with the circles. Good examples are frequency of contact9, time spent together17, or number of messages (information) exchanged4,13. Even though some of these quantities could be technically regarded as discrete, the fact that they consist of hugely many possibilities makes this viewpoint rather impractical. More importantly, these measures do not have clear upper and lower bounds (what is the shortest duration of a call to be considered a contact?) that play the role of first and last layers, respectively. This calls for a more general version of the model that would allow us to consider intensities of high granularity, possibly continuum. On the other hand, such a model would be conceptually very general in so far as many resource allocation problems are of a continuous or quasi-continuous nature.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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341,220 |
Other small molecule inhibitors of the Tiam-1/Rac1 interaction were developed by the Ferri et al. (2009, 2013a,b) and Ruffoni et al. (2014) group through a docking-based virtual library screening, also using the Trp56 residue as a target. Compounds ZINC08010136 (IC50, 12.2 μM) and ZINC07949036 (IC50, 24.1 μM), and ZINC69391 (IC50 of 61 μM) are some of the molecules identified by this group as Rac1/Tiam1 inhibitors. In the case of ZINC69391, this molecule was able to inhibit cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, migration, and lung metastasis in highly invasive breast cancer models (Cardama et al., 2014a). Using the structure of ZINC69391 as a template, a more potent Rac inhibitor, named 1A-116, was produced, but this molecule has a different mechanism of action that does not involve Tiam-1.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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226,803 |
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a fast-growing aggressive brain tumor. The major therapies for GBM treatment include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Complete surgical resection of the tumor is challenging due to the infiltrative nature of GBM. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the primary chemotherapeutic drug1. However, GBM is widely reported with resistance to TMZ leading to a high recurrence rate and poor prognosis outcomes2–4. Drug resistance in GBM is also prominent with more recent anti-angiogenic agents and immunotherapeutic treatments5. To find new treatments for GBM, a deeper understanding of GBM pathophysiology is needed. Previous studies have shown that glioma cells exhibit abnormal lipid metabolism, which plays an important role in intensifying glioma aggressiveness6,7.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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32,901 |
None of the patients was suitable for TIPS placement because of the following criteria: congestive heart failure in 4 (44%), sinistral PH due to splenic vein thrombosis in 3 (33%), thrombosis of the portal vein with cavernous transformation in one (11%), and hepatic encephalopathy in one patient (11%).
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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311,554 |
Signalling: Simplifying the description of the competitive receptor biology between different Vegfrs in the original MSM, as it is not the direct focus of this study, we can state that the number of active Vegf receptors of a given memAgent m is calculated as Vegfrm∗=Vegfrm⋅∑Ig—where the * denotes an activated receptor–ligand complex. Notch is activated in each memAgent (resulting in the local removal of Dll4 from neighbouring cell's memAgents), up to the value of Nm. If Dll4 < N then Notchm∗ = Dll4; if Dll4 > Notch, then Notch∗= Notchmax.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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319,600 |
Between 2016 and 2020, intestine samples of 84 mustelids (40 American mink, 4 Beech marten, 5 European badger, 20 European pine marten and 15 European polecat) were studied for the presence of Sarcocystis spp. The animals were collected from hunters, taxidermists, or biologists who found dead animals on the roadways in different regions of Lithuania (Figure 1).
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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110,690 |
In our study, the variance of weight gain explained by leptin was 9%, while the addition of adiponectin, IL-6, MCP-1, resistin, PAI-1, and TNF-α to the model explained a variance of 11.7%, this latter finding remaining significant only by determining leptin as a predictor. Thus, the addition of these adipokines to the model in our study did not prove useful in predicting weight gain in three-month term newborns born with appropriate weight for gestational age. However, in subjects at the extremes of birth weight or in other time periods, these molecules may play a role in explaining weight gain in our study group, subjects that were essentially healthy, but it is unlikely that their relative contribution to weight gain is important.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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124,822 |
Based on the upper limit of serum biomarkers in our clinical laboratory, we found that patients with elevated LDH were only 35.1%; the percentage of patients with higher-level CEA was only 15.2%; the SPSP score of these patients placed them in grade IV and V based on the combination of Figs. 2 and 3. In previous studies, the abnormally high level of LDH in serum was 51–62% [9, 17], that of serum CEA was 49–63% [17, 18]. The percentage of elevated LDH and CEA in patients with APAP in different studies were different, this result may be related to the number and the severity of enrolled patients and different laboratory standard. In this study, elevated CYFRA21-1 patients accounted for 64.2%. This percentage was not reported in the past.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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350,463 |
Terbuthylazine, desethyl‐terbuthylazine (MT1) and hydroxy‐terbuthylazine (MT13) did not leach in average concentrations exceeding 0.1 μg/L in any of the available lysimeter studies (n = 8 for terbuthylazine and desethyl‐terbuthylazine, n = 6 for hydroxy‐terbuthylazine), whereas the metabolite desethyl‐hydroxy‐terbuthylazine (MT14) leached in average annual concentration exceeding 0.1 μg/L in one of the three lysimeters analysing this metabolite. Moreover, five lysimeter studies identified a high leaching risk of six additional metabolites, which were not triggered as metabolites requiring further consideration via the standard laboratory route of degradation studies. Annual average leaching exceeding 0.1 μg/L was observed for LM3, LM4, LM5, LM6 (5 out of 5 lysimeters) and LM2 and LM1 (3 out of 5 lysimeters). In these five lysimeters, the application rate was 5–15% higher than the representative use. Nevertheless, measured concentration suggested that, had the application rate been similar to the representative use of 850 g/ha average, the leaching concentration of all metabolites would still exceed the 0.1 μg/L.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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18,586 |
Figure 13 shows the ultrasound images of the tissue-mimicking phantom by the short pulse imaging and chirp-coded excitation imaging. The image of the chirp-coded excitation is brighter than the image of the short pulse. For quantitative comparison, Figure 14 shows the signal-to-noise ratio as a function of depth from the middle A-line of both of the images. The average SNR of the chirp-coded excitation is about 40 dB and the average SNR of the short pulse is about 25 dB. There is a 15 dB SNR improvement by chirp-coded excitation.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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228,576 |
Finally, in order to generate knockoffs that are as independent as possible of the original features, the mutual information neural estimation (MINE) is used to minimize the mutual information between the set of features and their corresponding knockoffs. In this regard, the mutual information between each pair of the feature and knockoff is estimated by means of d neural networks, denoted by N1,…,Nd with the set of parameters θ1,…,θd. By considering a trade-off parameter λ, the following loss of estimation is added to the loss of the generator:(10)LP=∑j=1d∑i=1n(Nθjj(Dj(i),D˜j(i)))−log(∑i=1nexp(Nθjj(Djk(i),D˜j(i)))), in which k is supposed to be a permutation of [n]2 and superscript (i) is used to demonstrate the ith sample. Based on the discussion in this section, the general loss of the proposed method is defined as follows:(11)minGmaxS(LS)+λmaxP(LP)+μmaxf(Lf), where μ is a parameter to be tuned.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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340,547 |
Five mechanistic AOPs currently available in the AOP-Wiki were quantified, four being endorsed (AOPs IDs 25, 42, 48, 150, 284). Such models have been developed using a variety of types of data including dose- and time-response relationships. For instance, Foran et al. (2019) proposed a modular approach for qAOPs with limited mechanistic data and extensive time required for modelling. The approach focused on making use of the existing information while informing where further tests are needed to provide data for the quantification of all KERs. Some qAOP models have been based on experimental data generated by protocols specifically designed for AOP quantification. For example, to quantify the AOP for developmental neurotoxicity following the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, Yozzo et al. (2013) studied different levels of biological organisation during zebrafish embryogenesis. Furthermore, in vitro data were employed by the computational model of Zgheib et al. (2019) that quantified the chronic kidney injury in a dose- and time-response manner. qAOP models derived from a combination of both empirical and experimental data will often predict the outcome better and increase the overall confidence in the applicability of the qAOP model. For instance, Muller et al. (2015) described the impact of engineered nanoparticles on hatching of zebrafish eggs using high-throughput data at different timepoints. Model performance showing the experimental differences between the data sources has also been evaluated e.g. Margiotta-Casaluci et al. (2016) investigated in vivo fish egg production following exposure to a chemical class of interest at various concentrations. The final model included data from other studies and the results were compared with human data. At the same time, empirical data are suitable for the optimisation and validation of the predicted response-response relationships as illustrated by Hassan et al. (2017) who optimised the quantification of a classic thyroid hormone (TH) synthesis inhibitor in developmental neurotoxicity in a rodent model using data from the literature. Likewise, Doering et al. (2018) investigated the activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor leading to early life stage mortality and validated the resulting qAOP model with empirical evidence. An integration of in silico, in vitro and in vivo data was employed to model the teratogenicity of single and mixture azole fungicides by Battistoni et al. (2019). At the same time, not all quantified AOPs accounted for both dose- and time-scales. Foran et al. (2019) and Doering et al. (2018) focused primarily on predictions based on the tested concentrations. Importantly, most of the published qAOP models utilised linear AOPs, with the exception of Margiotta-Casaluci et al. (2016) who described chronic exposure to synthetic glucocorticoids leading to perturbation in egg production linking three AOPs in a network: disruption of glucose homeostasis, effects on the immune system and androgenic. This integration of evidence shows the complexity of different pathways and their different sensitivities to chemicals.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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267,864 |
Despite of minimal information on the phage-mediated antibiotic resistance gene transfer, several reports are available which mentioned that phages are potential particles transfer the resistance genes through generalized transduction, also some authors recommended that mobilization and confer resistance could happen by phages . There are a few studies that have examined phage DNA fractions from sewage to investigate antimicrobial resistance genes [19, 20].
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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156,022 |
Three stigma types are: type-I stigma with well-developed stigmatic papillae, type-II stigma with moderately developed stigmatic papillae, type-III stigma with poorly developed stigmatic papillae. Three anther types are: type-a anther with pollen sacs full of pollen grains; type-b anther with small pollen sacs half-filled or less with pollen grains; and type-c anther with no pollen sac nor grain. Supposing that type-III stigmas have no reproductive function, there are four sexual types of flowers: IIIa and IIIb (blue) are functionally male flowers with functional anthers and non-functional stigmas; Ic and IIc (red) are female flowers with non-functional anthers and functional stigmas; Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb (yellow) are functionally perfect flowers with functional anthers and non-functional stigmas; IIIc (white) is functionally sterile flower with non-functional anthers and stigma.
| 4 | 2other
| 1Other
|
101,708 |
Since the STAR system employs a fixed proton beam line, posterior and anterior beam directions require rolling the patient onto their side. Since most institutions do not roll patients 90° onto their sides, this retrospective study selectively excludes image pairs of rolled treatment fields for intrafractional motion analysis.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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369,903 |
We also investigated the possible failure cases for the proposed deep learning technique. For the example shown in Fig. 6, we found out that both MS-RDN and RED-CNN (irrespective of their configurations) produced poor reconstructions of the shape of a calcification. Note that the calcification is a minor class compared to the fibroglandular or adipose tissues in the training dataset. Unlike the iterative compressed sensing method, which includes data consistency and model based priors, the proposed method learns from training samples. Hence, the network may not learn the characteristics of tissues that are scarcely represented in the training data. It would be interesting to develop deep learning techniques that can yield improved reconstructions of such calcifications in future works.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
3,856 |
RNA extracted from 600 μl serum of each sample was reversely transcribed with the Mir-X™ miRNA First-Strand Synthesis Kit (638313, Clontech Laboratories, USA). The RT reaction was combined in a 0.2 ml tube: 5 μl mRQ Buffer (2×), 3.75 μl RNA sample, and 1.25 μl mRQ enzyme. The tube was incubated in a thermocycler for 1 h at 37 °C, 5 min at 85 °C, then 90 μl ddH2O was added to bring the total volume to 100 μl. Subsequently, qRT-PCR with SYBR Green master mix (RR820A, TaKaRa, Japan) was performed with a LightCycler 480 thermocycler (Roche Diagnostics, Germany). The PCR reaction was combined in 384 plates: 5 μl SYBR Premix (2×), 0.4 μl miRNA-specific primer (10 μM, sequence is listed in Supplementary Table. 6), 0.4 μl mRQ 3′Primer (10 μM), 1 μl template, and 3.2 μl ddH2O. For inter-assay control, high (1 × 1010 copies per reaction), medium (1 × 108 copies per reaction), and low (1 × 106 copies per reaction) concentration of synthetic cel-miR-39 were used as template on each separate plate. Each sample was analyzed in 10 μl reaction volume in triplicate. PCR amplification consisted of an initial denaturation at 95 °C for 30 s, followed by 40 cycles of amplification at 95 °C for 5 s and 60 °C for 20 s.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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303,764 |
Next, we compared the neuronal input–output (I/O) relationships between the fEPSP and FV amplitudes in the control and FS groups. The maximal I/O slope in such a curve is considered a synaptic strength measure . We determined the maximal I/O slope for each slice by fitting experimental data with a sigmoidal Gompertz function (Figure 2c) and noticed that the average slope was reduced by 25% in post-FS rats (t-test: t = 2.30; p < 0.05; control: n = 22, FS: n = 49; Figure 2d). These data indicate that the synaptic neurotransmission efficacy at CA3–CA1 was reduced after FS.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
200 |
SALM3 has recently been implicated in the regulation of epilepsy (Li et al., 2017). This study showed that SALM3/Lrfn4 expression is significantly increased in two distinct animal models of epilepsy, and further found that suppression of SALM3 expression by virus-mediated SALM3 knockdown ameliorates seizure activity as well as neuronal hyperexcitability. These results suggest that SALM3 promotes epileptogenesis and that its suppression has therapeutic potential.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
80,224 |
We found the bottom-up approach described so far advantageous over a top-down approach in which all kinetic parameters are directly randomly sampled (e.g. as applied in ). A top-down approach requires either simulating the ODE system for all sampled parameter sets or solving a set of non-linear equations to determine the steady state which leads to problems in cases of multi-stationarity. Our approach circumvents this issue by directly sampling the steady state concentrations. We compared the number of parameter sets for which the ODE system had to be simulated and the sensitivity results obtained for the proposed bottom-up sampling with those for a top-down sampling without previous examination of the steady state stability (Table A in the S1 File, S14 Fig). Our bottom-up approach requires simulating considerably less frequently (Table A in the S1 File) and thus yields lower computational costs than the top-down sampling approach. The obtained sensitivity results are similar for both sampling methods (S14 Fig).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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302,933 |
Thus, this study focuses on exploring and explaining the history of the Korean professional baseball industry in a sociopolitical point of view using the ‘complexity paradigm’. Our intuition was founded on the complex system studies critical of the Newtonian mechanical global view and the Darwinian paradigm of reductionism , and these confirm that there is a hidden order of systems behind a world intricately intertwined through interactions between an infinite number of parts, objects, and elements, which can help facilitate the understanding and analysis of the world.
| 1 | 2other
| 0Study
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369,865 |
AFMSCs were subcultured in commercial AFC medium and classic MSC medium. There was no significant difference in cell morphology (Figure 3A). Cell proliferation was expressed by a population doubling (PD) time assay from passage 1 to passage 6. AFCs showed a significantly shorter PD time from passage 2 to passage 6; in long‐term culture (passage 6), MSC derived AFMSCs showed a shorter PD time than AFC‐MSC groups (Figure 3B). To determine the effect of AFC1, AFC2 and MSC medium on cell attachment and proliferation, we seeded the same quantity of AFMSCs and assayed cell viability at different times. For each time point, cell viability of AFC2 and MSC was statistical analysis compared with AFC1; AFC1 was regarded as a reference. In 6 hours, cell viability was used to express cell attachment capability, and there were no differences between the three groups (Figure 3C). In 72 hours, cell viability was used to express cell proliferation capability and the result showed there was still no difference between AFC1 and AFC2 groups, and significantly lower in MSC groups compare with AFC groups (Figure 3D). As enough cells were produced with 4 passages, the following study used cells of passage 4 or passage 5. The mRNA expression of pluripotent markers in AFMSCs was significantly higher than it was in UCMSCs and fibroblasts. There was no significant change in the ageing‐associated marker CDKN2A between AFMSCs and UCMSCs, while the expression in fibroblasts was higher (Figure 3E‐H). AFMSCs shared the same surface markers as UCMSCs, which consisting of CD73, CD90, CD147, CD44 and CD29, but they were negative for CD34, CD14 and CD45 (Figure 3I).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
209,897 |
Caveats to our study include the low prevalence of serum anti-PAD4 antibody positivity in this cohort of RA patients compared to previous reports (16.2% vs. 23–45%, respectively) [4, 5, 7]. It is likely that the low prevalence of anti-PAD4 in our study is due to the low percentage of RA patients (24%) who had chronic RA. In published studies, serum anti-PAD4 antibody prevalence is lower in early RA, and in our study, serum anti-PAD4 antibodies were present in 4/9 (44%) chronic RA patients. Our study also had a low prevalence of sputum and salivary anti-PAD4 positivity, which limits our ability to identify all possible associations between clinical characteristics and sputum or salivary anti-PAD4 antibodies in RA patients. In this study, we found also a trend toward an association of anti-PAD4 and anti-CCP antibodies in the sputum. While we cannot confirm the citrulline specificity of these sputum antibodies, our published work has demonstrated the presence of citrulline-specific ACPA in the sputum of RA patients . In addition, the cross-sectional nature of the at-risk cohort limits the inferences about the evolution of anti-PAD4 autoantibodies in these patients. We also cannot completely exclude the possibility of antibody translocation from the serum to the lung or oral mucosae in this study. However, it is unlikely given that the predominate anti-PAD4 antibody isotype in the serum was IgG, but was predominantly IgA in sputum, suggesting local production of IgA in the lung mucosa. In addition, regardless of the source (i.e., local generation or translocation from the serum), we demonstrated that the anti-PAD4 antibodies in the sputum of some RA patients have the capacity to activate PAD4, suggesting that they may contribute to the local production of citrullinated proteins directly in the lung. Importantly, our novel finding of anti-PAD4 and anti-PAD3/4 antibodies at mucosal sites strongly supports the need for future studies to characterize the prevalence and clinical features associated with this antibody subset in RA.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
395,206 |
The majority 233/248 (94.0%) of our respondents agreed that the SARS CoV-2 spreads via respiratory droplets of infected individuals, out of which most 138/233 (59.2%) did not have internet connectivity on their phones, although with no difference (OR = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.15–1.35; P = 0.14). The majority 194/248 (78.2%) of our respondents agreed that ordinary residents can wear general medical masks to prevent the infection by the SARS CoV-2, out of which most 111/194 (57.2%) did not have internet connectivity on their phones, although with no difference (OR = 1.18; 95% CI = 0.63–2.20; P = 0.59). The majority 148/248 (59.7%) of our respondents agreed that children and young adults don't need to take measures to prevent the infection by the SARS CoV-2, out of which most 81/148 (54.7%) did not have internet connectivity on their phones, although with no difference (OR = 1.41; 95% CI = 0.84–2.38; P = 0.22).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
229,866 |
All animals were weighed, anaesthetised by intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbital and were euthanised by cervical dislocation. Visceral fat, testes, epididymides, seminal vesicles, ovaries, uteruses, placentas, embryos and biological fluids were collected. Some organs were weighed, fixed in 10% formalin and embedded in paraffin; others were frozen at -80°C.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
390,239 |
A dimensional reduction in heterogeneous diabetes dataset using Self Organizing Map (SOM) clustering was performed and established similarities among patients using (Unified distance) U-Matrix . Questionnaires consisting of both text as well as numeric responses were used. SOM was used as a data visualization tool. It aimed at interpreting patient’s behavior and interlinking diabetes factors with each other to show the correlation among them. The output was illustrated in U-matrix format. Researchers in Reference developed a classification and risk analysis framework for diabetes and hypertension on clinical centers in Kuwait. The authors compared the performance of four different classifiers, including multifactor dimensionality reduction, logistic regression, k-nearest neighbors and Support Vector Machines (SVM) using non-laboratory attributes. It gave an accuracy rate of 85% for diabetes and more than 90% for hypertension disorder. Classification with K-NN algorithm gave the highest risk of 75% in diabetic patients and 94% in hypertension patients.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
31,064 |
With this background, the aims of the present study were to investigate: (i) the expression of Fas and FasL in primary cultures isolated from human iCCA; (ii) the in vitro interactions between CCA cells and human PBMCs and the role of Fas/FasL in inducing T-cells and NK cells apoptosis; (iii) in situ the expression of Fas and FasL in human iCCA and their relationship with typical markers of CSC.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
155,363 |
To summarize, ZFP36 suppressed the inflammatory response in I/R-associated pulmonary inflammation through the destabilization of CREBBP mRNA. Analysis of lung tissues in ZFP36-knockdown mice by Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and real-time PCR showed that ZFP36 deficiency upregulated CREBBP, enhanced I/R-induced lung injury, apoptosis, and inflammation, and increased I/R-induced lung fibrosis. In silico analyses revealed that ZFP36 is a strong negative regulator of CREBBP mRNA stability. Experimental verification of this association revealed a direct interaction between ZFP36 and an AU-rich 3ʹUTR in CREBBP to regulate cell inflammation and apoptosis negatively through the p53/p21/Bax axis in MLE-2 cells.Thus these results of our study indicate that ZFP36 interacts with the mRNA of CREBBP and may be useful as a molecular marker or have a potential role in alleviating inflammation-associated lung damage.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
282,483 |
Undoubtedly, the existence of local populations may favor the formation of parasitofauna groupings with specific traits. On the other hand, their migration potential, as well as their certain flexibility in terms of food choice, i.e. small fish of various species, may result in the formation of universal parasitofauna patterns for the species throughout its distribution. The aim of the present analysis is to compare data on the parasitofauna of the critically-endangered Baltic Sea subpopulation with that obtained from other subspecies of harbor porpoise with different areas of distribution. The findings may prove valuable in the assessment of the parasitological threats to these rare mammals. Furthermore, an accurate determination of the prevalence may assist the assessment of the condition and health of the hosts.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
75,824 |
Seven NHIS questions related to financial strain were selected as indicators for this latent factor. The respondents reported if they were worried about not being able to pay medical costs of a serious illness or accident, being able to maintain the standard of living they enjoy, not being able to pay medical costs for normal healthcare, not having enough to pay normal monthly bills, not being able to pay rent or mortgage, or not being able to make the minimum payment on their credit cards. We scored responses to each question on a likert scale from 1 (not worried at all) to 4 (very worried).
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
|
18,008 |
After examination by imaging flow cytometry, 6.8 ± 3.7/100,000 HKR cells were detected in 12 healthy peripheral blood samples and 7.6 ± 2.2/100,000 HKR cells were detected in 12 non-cancerous patient blood samples, and these numbers were similar to the number of HKR cells observed in normal volunteers (P > 0.05). In 57 cancer blood samples (including 52 HCC patients and 5 cholangiocarcinoma patients), 56.2 ± 23.8/100,000 HKR cells were detected, and this number was significantly different from those of normal blood samples and non-cancer blood samples (Table 2, Fig. 2b and c; P = 0.000538). Significant differences were also observed between blood samples obtained from HCC patients with MVI (M1 or M2, 62.0 ± 16.6/100,000 cells) and from HCC patients without MVI (M0) (Fig. 2d, 32.2 ± 11.6; P = 0.006157). No significant difference was found between HCC and cholangiocarcinoma samples (Supplementary Figure S3; P = 0.54437).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
176,006 |
Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention group or the wait-list control group (allocation rule 1:1) by means of a randomization plan. The randomization plan was created with the software Research Randomizer (www.randomizer.org) using block randomization. Because of the online design of this study, no concealment was necessary. Participants started the baseline assessment by following the link on the study website. The first author was informed about each participant’s completion of the baseline assessment via e-mail and then chronologically (based on the finishing time of the online baseline assessment) allocated the participant to one of the two conditions using the randomization plan (the procedure is best described as centralized assignment). There was no personal contact between the first author and the participant before allocation. Participants in the intervention group received an e-mail containing a code and a password for access to the program. Participants in the wait-list control group were informed via e-mail that they would get access to the program after completion of the post assessment 8 weeks later.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
327,503 |
Some therapists reported that another advantage of video calling was that it was more efficient than face-to-face contact. Some therapists reported that there are rural areas where clients are hard to reach by community support. In this case, tele-rehabilitation could reduce their risk of exclusion from services. Avoiding travel to and from participants’ homes allowed for more frequent and focused sessions. The therapists also brought forward a financial argument in favour of tele-rehabilitation. They suggested that offering video support was a “good value for money” strategy to prevent participants from getting deconditioned and frail over time during “lockdown”:
| 2 | 2other
| 1Other
|
304,330 |
Free Alexa 680 was rapidly cleared from the circulation in all time points used in this study and could be detected only in the bladder. In the case of liposomal formulation, clear homing of the liposomal Alexa 680 to the tumors could be seen. This was possibly due to the passive EPR effect. However, there was a clear tendency of increased targeting of the fluorophore to the irradiated tumors in the case of SM-containing liposomes. This phenomenon could not have been seen with control PC-liposomes even when tumors were irradiated. This suggests that there are SM-specific mechanisms for the delivery of the payload to the tumors. When irradiated, the two possible sources for SMase secretion are the endothelial vessels in the tumor area and the tumor cells themselves.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
15,770 |
Observers were asked to fill out a questionnaire containing eight questions about the delineation process (Additional file 1). These multiple choice questions about the delineation process included answers ranging from very easy to very difficult in five steps. In addition, there were three questions about the experience of the observer in delineating pancreatic tumors as well as the number of pancreatic cancer patients the observers treated yearly within and outside the PREOPANC study (Additional file 1).
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
5,812 |
In addition to body wall muscles, nep4 is expressed in numerous cells of the central nervous system, predominantly in glial cells (Figure 5). Interestingly, compared to the muscle-specific effects, modulating nep4 expression in this tissue has distinct and less severe effects on dilp expression (Figure 3B, Figure 3—figure supplement 1). This result suggests that CNS intrinsic Nep4 activity affects different neuropeptide regulatory systems than the corresponding muscle-bound activity. Considering the rather broad expression in glial cells, it is furthermore likely that the CNS regulation affects more than one system. However, localization at the IPC surface (Figure 6) clearly supports a direct function in the regulation of dilp expression. In this context, spatial proximity of the peptidase may be necessary to ensure low ligand concentrations and thus tight regulation of specific neuropeptide receptors present at the surface of IPCs. Such receptors include an allatostatin A receptor (Dar-2) (Hentze et al., 2015), a tachykinin receptor (DTKR) (Birse et al., 2011), and the short neuropeptide F receptor (sNPFR) (Lee et al., 2008). All are essential to proper dilp expression (Lee et al., 2008; Hentze et al., 2015; Birse et al., 2011). Interestingly, with respect to sNPFR, corresponding ligands (sNPF11–11, sNPF14–11, and sNPF212–19) exhibit very high-binding affinities, with IC50 values in the low nanomolar range (Garczynski et al., 2006), a finding that further emphasizes the need for effective ligand clearance mechanisms in order to prevent inadvertent receptor activation. Localization of Nep4 to the surface of IPCs (Figure 6) and confirmation of Dar-2, DTKR, and sNPFR ligands as substrates of the peptidase (Table 1, Figure 7) strongly indicate that Nep4 participates in such clearance mechanisms.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
333,279 |
Thus, a DDS domain is defined for the architecture, which is divided into several DDS partitions, a DDS partition corresponding to a fog/edge node. DDS defines a unit of information as a topic. Thus, for each thing defined at the data provider level, a topic will be associated, which will have the unique name of the access path defined at the previous level. In addition to these things, virtual things are also defined, things that can subscribe to different DDS topics, and different processing is performed on the received data. All these things are created by the user in the configuration process based on predefined things that are instantiated and that subscribe to one or more topics. Perhaps the most important predefined virtual thing is the expression thing in which certain mathematical operations and functions can be applied to the data with which it is subscribed. Thus, the user can create virtual things according to his needs and in accordance with the application of the industrial environment that is integrated into the IIoT architecture. Due to the solution adopted for the interaction between things, the architecture is very versatile, being able to be used in a wide range of industrial applications.
| 2 | 2other
| 1Other
|
193,292 |
The Department of Defense reported that mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) comprise 82.3% of TBIs in all military branches from 2000-2021 (1), owing in large part to improvements in battlefield medicine (2, 3). Incidence rates of mTBI among military personnel are much higher than those reported for civilians (4). Low intensity blast (LIB) exposures are among the principle causes of mTBIs during military training or combat, and less frequent in industrial disasters/incidents (5–12). Service members with blast-induced mTBI have significantly higher rates of physical and mental health problems compared to soldiers with other non-neurological injuries. Awareness of potential consequences of LIB exposures has been raised by studies reporting the capacity of various types of weaponry to generate injurious blast overpressures during military and law enforcement trainings (13–15). LIB-induced mTBI injuries in Service members and law enforcement personnel have been associated with chronic subclinical effects (16). Some of these problems may not appear for months or even years after injury, resulting in lost opportunities for recognition of resulting disability and possible treatment (5, 17). Most military blast injury assessments rely on self-report in the absence of objective measurements, limiting high-quality data analysis of validated associations between primary blast exposures and long-term health effects. Preclinical models that realistically replicate the clinical pathology are needed to define the underlying mechanisms and design potential treatments (18).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
291,342 |
There were published studies focusing on the protein or cytokine profiles of vitreous from patients with iERM and iMH but yielding opposite conclusions [15, 16, 28]. Nakul Mandal et al. demonstrated that none of the 330 protein spots changed significantly between the iERM and iMH groups using comparative proteomic experiments. On the contrary, Souska Zandi et al. employed ELISA and multiplex technology, while Zhang et al. employed one-dimensional gel fractionation and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analyses, and both detected some differently expressed cytokines between ERM and MH. However, several issues should be kept in mind to interpret the controversial findings between ours and others. First, the expression of cytokines may be duration-related. The average course of iERM in our study was 1.95 months, while the duration of iERM in Souska Zandi's study was unknown. Among the included patients, those with vision loss more than 6 months constituted 94% of the ERM group in the Souska Zandi's study and 62% in our study. Besides, in 31.9% of the measured patients in Souska Zandi's study, the cytokine concentrations lay below the lower cutoff level. Though half of the lower cutoff value was used for subsequent calculation, the result would be still in error. Third, the race might also be involved in the difference of cytokine levels in the vitreous. The above-mentioned studies were conducted in Switzerland, Europe, and the USA, while our patients were all Asian populations.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
392,341 |
It is well known that HBc lacks the extension domain and yet is fully functional in human and avian cells. Conversely, DHBc with the extra domain is also functional in both human and avian cells. If there were indeed a host-cell specific determinant for the folding/functions of the extension domain in DHBV, as implied by the authors, it would be interesting to test the various extension domain deletion/substitution mutants in human cells, in addition to avian cells. As it stands now, little could be learnt regarding the exact roles of this extension in viral replication from the phenotype analysis of these mutants in avian cells, due to the apparently severe deleterious effect on capsid assembly.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
323,567 |
Erythrocyte morphology after treating with the tested compounds (1–10) was assessed with the use of a phase contrast microscope (Figure 3A,B). Compound 1 without any substituents in the aromatic ring did not contribute to changes in the morphological structure of erythrocytes during 1-h incubation over the entire concentration range (0.06–1.5 µmol/mL). Compound 5 demonstrated a similar effect; only single ovalocytes were observed at a concentration of 1.5 µmol/mL. Compounds with two and three methyl groups (6–10) led to the formation of echinocytes. In addition, incubation with compound 7 at a concentration of 0.06 µmol/mL led to the formation of single ovalocytes. Compounds 2 and 3 showed a tendency to echinocyte formation; however, single stomatocytes and ovalocytes were also recognized. Importantly, the percentage of echinocyte forms after 1-h incubation with compound 3 at a concentration of 1.5 µmol/mL was noticeably reduced than at its lower concentrations. In summary, the microscopic analysis showed a small interaction of the studied metformin analogues with the red blood cell membrane since mainly physiological transformation of discocytes into echinocytes and stomatocytes was observed.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
382,136 |
We also evaluated that the mean dose was higher in the group with late GU toxicity G ≥ 2, but without any statistical significance. Furthermore, a univariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of clinical covariates (age at diagnosis, prostate dose, PSA at diagnosis and GS at diagnosis) on late G ≥ 2 GU toxicity, and no statistically significant differences were recorded.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
96,183 |
The study participants were recruited by cluster sampling method. Each department (section) from each college and school regardless of their academic year were listed and finally the section was taken as cluster which was selected randomly by lottery method.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
250,944 |
Titanium additions show more intense influence on the change of HBS, A and UTS. The addition of Ti in the amount of 0.2 wt.% increases the hardness (HBS) from 89 to 127, increases ultimate tensile strength (UTS) from 358 MPa to 429 MPa, while it reduces the elongation (A) from 63% to 13%. Higher Ti additions increase HBS and stabilize UTS at the level of 370–380 MPa while reducing the A elongation to the range of 1–4%.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
56,134 |
Many of the slip sensors developed to date—excluding the heat flux type—have elastic surfaces, just like humans have elastic skin on their fingertips for detecting microscopic dynamical physical change induced by slip. On the other hand, with an LDV, slip is contactlessly detected as relative displacement between the sensor surface and target object surface. Thus, friction conditions at the measurement point are irrelevant to the slip sensing of a target object. The contactless measurement is one of distinctive features of LDV type slip sensors. In setting up a grasping model, many factors must be considered such as contact points, number of gripper fingers, type of actuators, deformation of gripper and target objects, gripper kinematics and dynamics, gravitational and translational acceleration forces, and sensory feedback; and accordingly, a variety of grasping models have been proposed as discussed in references . Larger contact surfaces and a higher number of gripper fingers improve the grasping stability, although they make the model large and complex. Various types of mechanical grippers have been proposed. There are many choices of gear types used as kinematic for grippers: lever gear, screw gear, wedge gear, cam gear, rope and pulley, link, and rack and pinion gear . The increasing degree of freedom of a robotic hand by possessing a lot of gears, links, and intelligent algorithm, a robotic hand can achieve dexterous manipulation similar to human—for example, optimization of its orientation, surface shape, and size to a target object for grasping—although more complex control algorithms and force analysis are necessary . There are also many choices of actuators such as mechanical, electric motor, pneumatic, hydraulic, and magnetic . Actuators must be chosen carefully by considering factors such as controllability, size, required grasping force, and so on .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
239,799 |
Schematic illustration of block-cluster transformation. We employ a majority rule to determine a label of the block cluster from the labels of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$2 \times 2$$\end{document}2×2 sites. The labels of clusters are represented by different colors. We also show the procedure of calculating improved correlation of the original configuration and the renormalized configuration together with the super-resolution process of CNN. The improved correlation configurations take a value of 1 (white), 1/2 (light gray), or 0 (dark gray).
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
33,912 |
The FB tissue adhesive consists of a combination of human plasma fibrinogen, thrombin and an anti-fibrinolytic product. In the presence of thrombin, fibrinogen is converted into a fibrin clot. FB glue has been the most widely used tissue adhesive in thoracic surgery over the past two decades. However, interest in the product has decreased since randomized trials conducted by Fleisher 17 and Wong 21. In these trials, the use of FB in comparison with the control revealed no differences in outcome, number of postoperative air leaks, chest drain duration or length of hospital stay. In a recent systematic review addressing the application of surgical sealants, primarily FB adhesives, after pulmonary resection, the authors concluded that there are decreases in postoperative air leaks and time to chest drain removal and no reduction in the length of postoperative hospital stay 22. One of the most important benefits of fibrin sealants is their low inflammation and rapid degradation compared with those of other sealants 23. Although some studies have shown that FB sealants allow a superior aerostasis in patients undergoing pulmonary resection 24, other studies have reported a lower resistance bonding property of FB sealants compared with that of CA glue 25.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
24,497 |
The antioxidant activity of peptides is connected with their molecular weights, amino acid compositions, amino acid sequences and so on . In this study, the fraction A1a3c–p was analyzed by high resolution mass spectrometry combined with two methods, including de novo software and MaxQuant software. As shown in Figure 9, two peptides were obtained by de novo software. The peptide sequences were Try–Gly–Cys–Cys (YGCC) and Asp–Ser–Ser–Cys–Ser–Gly (DSSCSG), and their molecular weight was 444.1137 and 554.1642 Da, respectively. The data was scanned in the “fish collagen” database by UniProt of MaxQuant software. Two peptides, Asn-Asn-Ala-Gln-Tyr-Tyr-Lys (NNAEYYK) and Pro-Ala-Gly-Asn-Val-Arg (PAGNVR), were identified, and their molecular weight was 900.3978 and 612.3344 Da, respectively. The amino acids at the C-terminus of two peptides were K and R, which conformed to the fracture characters of simulated gastric and intestinal digestions.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
85,496 |
These data suggest that we have identified a novel kinesin role in capsid transport distinct from that for nuclear entry. Two kinesin-4 family members, Kif4A and Kif21A, were also implicated by our analysis in plus-end directed adenovirus transport. Both Kif4A and Kif21A have previously been reported to regulate microtubule dynamics and stabilization [40, 41]. Interestingly, Kif4A has been suggested to contribute to transport of HIV Gap proteins , and Kif4-mediated microtubule stabilization enhanced early infection of HIV-1 . Whether these kinesins affect in-coming Ad5 redistribution (Fig 3A) through changes in MT stability or direct effects on virus transport is uncertain.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
170,976 |
Table S2 Differentially expressed genes in shoot apices of GmMYB14‐OX (OX9) versus wild‐type plants (WT), with fold changes ≥ 2.0 (up‐regulation indicated by red‐coloured letters) or ≤ −2.0 (down‐regulation indicated by blue‐coloured letters), and adjusted P‐values (q‐values) ≤ 0.05.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
183,238 |
Other environmental variables such as type of rearing environment, temperature, and moisture content varied between the present and prior studies and may have contributed to the varying kinetic parameters (Table 7). Temperature has been shown to be a critical parameter for larvae growth. For example, dry weight of larvae was 25% greater for larvae reared on almond hulls at 34 °C compared to 28 °C and 27% greater for larvae reared on pork at 32.2 °C compared to 27.6 °C . In another study, Tomberlin et al. demonstrated temperature differences as little as 3 °C produced significant effects on larval development. In prior experiments using almond hulls as feedstock, average dry weight of larvae was 45% greater when moisture content was increased from 480 g kg−1 (wet basis) to 680 g kg−1 and a positive linear relationship was observed between moisture content and larvae weight . Almond hulls contain more fibers than chicken feed and can hold more water and this additional water may have increased larvae growth. In other words, the 600 g kg−1 wet basis chicken feed may have had more free water available than 690 g kg−1 wet basis almond hulls.Table 7Comparison of cultivation parameters for kinetic experimentsCultivation variablePresent studyPrior studyLiu et al. 2017 FeedstockAlmond hullsChicken feedNumber of feedings during 16-day experimental period116Total weight of feedstock added throughout experiment (g dry)2003200–16,000aMoisture content of feedstock (g kg−1 wet basis)690600Aeration typeForced aerationNatural convectionTemperature of environmentIncubator setpoint 28 °CAmbient (unknown)Cultivation container typeClosed bioreactorOpen basinVolume of each cultivation container (mL)150011,000Quantity of larvae per container143 larvae220 egg massa200–1000 dry grams of chicken feed was added daily as needed
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
61,680 |
Immunoblotting revealed that the HF30Fr diet stimulated nuclear accumulation of Nfkb p65 and p50 in livers of Nrf2+/+ and Nrf2-/- mice, and that although TBE-31 could attenuate this in livers of wild-type mice it was unable to do so in Nrf2-/- livers (Figure 19A). qRT-PCR of mRNAs for Cox2 and Nos2 indicated that the HF30Fr diet stimulated expression of proinflammatory genes in the livers of Nrf2+/+ and Nrf2-/- mice but, whereas TBE-31 blunted this increase in wild-type mice, TBE-31 was unable to do so in the mutant mice (Figure 19B).Figure 19TBE-31 fails to suppress inflammation and oxidative stress in HFFr-fed Nrf2-/-mouse liver. The extent of inflammation and oxidative stress in livers of Nrf2+/+ and Nrf2-/- mice at the end of Study 2 was examined. (A) Representative immunoblots of hepatic nuclear levels of Nfkb p65 and Nfkb p50 (using proliferating cell nuclear antigen as a loading control), along with densitometric scans (n = 4 biologic replicates), from Nrf2+/+ and Nrf2-/- mice fed RC or HFFr diets and treated with DMSO or TBE-31. (B) qRT-PCR for the Nfkb-target genes Cox2 and Nos2 from the same livers (6–8 mice per group). (C) Malondialedehyde levels in livers from Nrf2+/+ and Nrf2-/- mice (6–8 mice per group). (D) Oxidized protein levels in livers of Nrf2+/+ and Nrf2-/- mice shown as a representative Oxyblot, with densitometric quantification below: lanes 1, 3, 5, and 7 negative controls; 2, RC-fed DMSO; 4, RC-fed TBE-31; 6, HF30Fr-fed DMSO; 8, HF30Fr-fed TBE-31 (n = 4). (E) Ratio of GSH to GSSG (6–8 mice per group). In all cases, white bars represent DMSO and black bars represent TBE-31. Data are means ± SEM. Significant differences are signified: ∗,$P < .05; ∗∗,$$P < .01; ∗∗∗,$$$P < .001.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
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