id
int32 0
398k
| text
stringlengths 204
42k
| educational_score
float32 1
5
| domain
class label 3
classes | document_type
class label 4
classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
93,796 |
(A) Event related potential priming effects during the N1 component (140–180 ms) recorded at posterior electrodes P7 and P8. ERP priming derived by subtracting mean amplitude to attended intact and attended split trials from corresponding intact and split unprimed primes. The symbol ˆ denotes significant ERP priming effects. N1 component ERP priming effects derived to unattended intact and split trials were not reliably different to unprimed new objects. (B) ERP mean amplitudes recorded during the latency 140–180 ms (P160) at the vertex (Cz) for (S2) repeated probes as a function of their attended or unattended format on (S1) prime phase in either intact or split format minus mean amplitude to unprimed probes. ˆ denotes significant ERP repetition effects. (C) Topographic maps showing significant ERP priming effects obtained during the latency 140–180 ms after S2 (probe) onset by subtracting ERPs to unprimed-intact probes from ERPs to attended-intact, and unprimed-split from attended-split probes and unprimed-intact from unattended-intact. ERPs to unattended split were not significantly different to unprimed-split.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
184,382 |
In the current study, we developed a murine model of microbial keratitis with two sequential intrastromal administrations of LPS. Through a partial thickness tunnel, 5 µg of ultrapure Escherichia coli LPS in 2 µl PBS were injected into the corneal stroma. Successful injection was identified by stromal overhydration and edema (Fig. 1A). Mice injected with either one or two doses of LPS were followed up for 10 days to determine the efficacy of each model in developing corneal inflammatory haze (Fig. 1B). Mice treated with two injections of LPS (Day 1 and Day 4) developed significant corneal opacity up to day 10 (Fig. 1C) (p = 0.0003).Figure 1Murine model of LPS-induced corneal opacity. A corneal pocket was created using a 30 G needle and 5 µg of LPS in 2 µl of PBS were injected using a 2.5 µl Hamilton syringe at two time points (Day 1 and Day 4). (A) Schematic diagram depicting the procedure of LPS-induced keratitis. (B) Schematic of the experimental design (C) Representative bright-field images of corneas injected with one or two injections of LPS on day 1, 2, 4 and 10. Representative data from three independent experiments are shown, and each experiment consisted of three animals. Data presented are mean ± SEM. ***p < 0.001.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
324,891 |
Abiraterone inhibits androgen synthesis and is approved by the FDA for castrate-resistant prostate cancer [1, 2]. Cancer therapies are known to be associated with cardiovascular and other side effects . In particular, abiraterone causes hypertension and hypokalemia in 32% and 20% of cases, respectively [5, 8]. However, cardiovascular severe adverse events like long QT and ventricular tachycardia are rarely reported [11, 12]. This cardiovascular event is probably due to the association between androgen deprivation and lower testosterone levels that result in iatrogenic Hypogonadism [13, 14]. A recent study found that testosterone plays an essential role in cardiac repolarization by altering repolarization currents (increasing the repolarizing currents IKr and IKs, and decreasing the depolarizing current ICaL) . This iatrogenic Hypogonadism induced by medications such as abiraterone and leuprolide has been associated with long QTc and TdP , even to the point of suggesting androgen deprivation therapy as the second cause of drug-induced long QTc, particularly with abiraterone . It is essential to highlight that leuprolide itself produces and reinforces this hypogonadism state, making an additive effect of these cardiovascular events when it is combined with abiraterone .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
378,404 |
The anticipation, recognition, evaluation and control of risks arising in or from the workplace that could impair the safety, health and well-being of workers are the fundamental principles of the process governing occupational risk assessment and management (Plan, Do, Act, Check) . The importance of hazard recognition and risk perception as drivers for the development and implementation of interventions to prevent and manage OSH risks is widely recognised . It has been empirically shown that risk awareness is a major determinant of OSH risk management . However, differences in risk perception between stakeholders (particularly employers/managers and employees/employee representatives) can have an impact on employer and employee commitment to engage in OSH risk management .
| 2 | 2other
| 1Other
|
64,776 |
The essence of all stochastic firm models is that growth is treated probabilistically. Each firm begins with some arbitrary initial size L0. After every discrete time interval, the firm is subjected to a series of random ‘shocks’ (xi) that perturb it from its initial size. In our model, these shocks are drawn randomly from a Laplace distribution. At any point in time, each firm’s size L(t) is equal to the initial size times the product of all shocks (Eq 1). If the time interval is years, then each shock can be interpreted as the annual growth rate (in fractional form). L(t)=L0·x1·x2·...·xt(1)
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
69,581 |
CochleaAMS1c spike output example. The y-axis indicates the 64 frequency channels of the sensor with lower frequency channels at the top. The spikes are in response to the spoken digit sequence “5-8-9-9-2” from the speaker “IM” in the TIDIGITS dataset. The five digits in the sequence can be clearly seen to be apart with significant gaps between them in the encoded sample above. This example also demonstrates the data driven nature of the sensor where it outputs events only when there's a stimulus in the environment.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
340,096 |
To identify bacterial factors responsible for various levels of infectivity, the genomes of 30 isolates with the highest and lowest infectivities were sequenced and compared. The pangenome analysis revealed no differences in gene content (i.e., gene presence or absence) associated with infection phenotype between highly infective isolates compared to marginally infective isolates. To determine the similarity among isolates with altered infection phenotypes, core genome-based and additional binary genome-based phylogenetic trees were constructed (Fig. 3 and Fig. S2). Moreover, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) sequence types (ST) and the presence of pSV plasmids that are common in almost all serovars were determined. Highly infective isolates did not form separate subclades/groups and did not belong to different STs. The presence of pSV plasmids did not correlate with infectivity levels.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
65,963 |
The maximum ANS fluorescence emission wavelength of rEgCaM in the presence of EDTA was 509 nm. The fluorescence intensity was enhanced when rEgCaM bound Ca2+ and the emission maximum moved to 490 nm (Fig. 6c), indicating that rEgCaM underwent conformational changes after binding Ca2+.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
374,544 |
Likewise, lobule VI seed exhibited reduced FC in ET patients compared to HC with other regions of cerebellum: crus 1 bilaterally (more widespread on the right side), right crus 2, lobules IV–V, VIIb, VIII, IX and X. This seed showed reduced FC also with cortical areas such as left precentral gyrus and superior frontal gyrus (Supplementary Table 6).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
122,384 |
(A) The relative expression level of known drug resistance-related genes and apoptosis-related genes. The values are shown as log2 of the expression level ratio, compared to the average of the four normal osteoblasts. Asterisk (*) indicates low number of reads in the osteoblasts. (B) The expression of all exons in TP53 and FAM45A, respectively, shown as total number of reads in patient OS111. Red squares indicate the exons that are fused to form the resulting fusion transcript. ex: exon; no.: number (C) The relative expression level of TP53 and FAM45A. The values are shown as log2 of the expression level ratio, compared to the average of the osteoblasts. The expression of all transcripts are included, both wild-type and aberrant. (D) The expression of all exons in FGFR1 and ZNF343, respectively, shown as total number of reads in patient OS111. Red squares indicate the exons that are fused to form the resulting fusion transcript. (E) The relative expression level of FGFR1 and ZNF343. The values are shown as log2 of the expression level ratio, compared to the average of the osteoblasts. The expression of all transcripts are included, both wild-type and aberrant.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
56,124 |
(1) Slip displacement: This method measures slip directly as a displacement by rotation of a roller contacted on a target surface . Slip distance, useful information to re-grasp a target object, is also detected by this method. However, the very small and high-resolution encoder with smooth shaft for avoiding misdetection results in a slip between the roller and surface of the target object. Also, mechanical play of a roller or its fixture may delay response time.
| 2 | 2other
| 1Other
|
334,515 |
In order to account for the formation of N-methylated product, we also attempted the synthesis of spiro compounds employing the starting substrate with unsubstituted benzyl sub-unit viz. spiro-pyrrolo-acenaphthene hybrid 4′ under the same reaction conditions employed before. The anticipated Pictet-Spengler cyclization product 6 was attained in low yield along with some uncharacterizable impurities. The absence of formation of Eschweiler-Clarke product revealed that the substitution in the benzyl sub-unit of the spiroheterocyclic hybrid 4 supports the N-methylation and plays an important role in the development of Eschweiler-Clarke product.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
72,231 |
The anti-inflammatory activity has been related to sesquiterpene, in particular β-bisabolene and β-caryophyllene. Also, some of the diterpenes from the type of kauranes, clerodanes, and labdanes have been identified in copaiba oil. These can contribute to the anti-inflammatory activity of oil [13, 24, 48, 49].
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
390,855 |
The searching of databases identified a total of 513 titles. These studies were then exported to the reference manager software EndNoteTM X9 (Clarivate Analytics, Philadelphia, PA, USA). Duplicates (249) were subsequently removed, either automatically or manually. The remaining 264 articles were screened for their relevance based on titles and abstracts, resulting in the removal of a further 242 studies. The full texts of the remaining 22 articles were examined diligently. After reading the full texts, a further 18 studies were excluded due to a number of reasons (Figure 1). The four studies included in the meta-analysis provided the mean and standard deviation of pre- and post-intervention data for the main outcome.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
41,274 |
Among all soil bacterial genera having a representative described as a Plant-Growth Promoting Microbe (PGPM), the genus Pseudomonas comprise a wide variety of probiotic species, with distinct mechanisms of action that strengthen plant health, either directly or indirectly . Several pseudomonads have demonstrated production of different kinds of secondary metabolites involved in antagonism to pathogens, phytostimulation or nutrient supply, and an ability to degrade complex organic compounds, not only being able hence to contribute to plant growth, but also to bioremediation of soils [2–6]. As members of the γ-Proteobacteria subphylum, which range from 1% to 34% of the abundance of total soil bacterial community of different environments , Pseudomonas spp. are key members of the soil microbiome. Considered as copiotrophs, because they are specially present in areas where resource availability is high and carbon sources are simple , their remarkable nutritional versatility allows them to exploit diverse rhizosphere environments, where each plant exudates a variety of organic compounds . Their high rhizosphere competence is critical for the correct functioning of microbial inoculants and their effect on soil microbiome .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
218,216 |
Despite the conflicting evidence, stand-alone women’s economic empowerment interventions continue to be touted as magic bullets to foster gender equality. Clearly, while the focus on women’s economic empowerment is critical, simultaneous efforts need to be made to address the underlying gender norms that perpetuate gender inequality, at least in the short-term, particularly, in contexts where women have limited freedom to dissolve their marriages, leave their partners, and take their families and property with them. Programmes, however, rarely take a multivalent approach, one that simultaneously addresses the structural and normative barriers that frustrate women’s empowerment and increase the risk of violence.24 Recently, a few randomised studies from Africa combined economic empowerment approaches with gender components and have shown promising effects in reducing IPV.27–29 Nevertheless, many of these programmes continue to be narrow in scope as they tend to focus on the woman alone or target men tangentially, or their curriculum does not build critical relationship skills that may foster shared decision-making and an egalitarian relationship that is free from violence and coercive behaviours. The long-term impacts of these interventions on IPV reduction are also yet to be studied.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
89,552 |
Patients were investigated in the upright and prone position on a remotely controlled fluoroscopy unit (Diagnost 55, Philips, Eindhoven, Netherlands). A drink of barium suspension (250 % g/v; Prontobario HD, Gerot, Vienna, Austria) was recorded on videotape during passage through the pharynx and oesophagus in standing right and left oblique positions, respectively. Afterward, single swallows in the prone position were recorded, followed by two to four double-contrast images after the ingestion of a packet of effervescent agent and immediate gulping of a barium suspension, displaying the oesophagus and the oesophagogastric junction. Placebo tablets of a spherical shape, measuring 14 mm in diameter, and consisting of sugar to ensure quick dissolving if there was a risk of impaction, were used (patients with diabetes were informed about the sugar content of 0.1 BE per tablet). These tablets were administered only after evaluating the passage of a thin-liquid barium suspension to exclude pharyngeal dysfunction with misdirected swallowing and risk of aspiration. In the upright position, the patients were asked not to chew the tablet and to keep it in their mouth together with 10–15 ml of thin-liquid barium suspension, and to swallow immediately on the examiner’s cue. Transit of the tablet was followed videofluoroscopically. After primary tablet retention, the patient was requested to take one or two additional swallows of the barium suspension. If no tablet passage into the stomach was observed after 3 min, the investigation was terminated.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
9,640 |
Interestingly, Macrostomum sp. 8, a sibling species of M. lignano (T. Janssen and L. Schärer, unpublished data), has a karyotype that is similar to that of M. lignano, with suggested tetrasomy for its largest chromosome (2n = 10) being the most common karyotype, but with aneuploidy of chromosome 1 (2n = 9 and 2n = 11) also occurring with appreciable frequency14. In contrast to the aneuploidy described in M. lignano and Macrostomum sp. 8, whole-chromosome aneuploidy in many taxa (including plants, invertebrates, mammals) often results in severe developmental disorders, diseases, and lethality18–20. This prompted the questions about how to interpret these considerable levels of aneuploidy in these two Macrostomum species. Our previous results led us to suggest that the karyotype in M. lignano may represent a form of hidden polyploidy14.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
263,385 |
Herein, NTW arrays with various wire lengths were designed and fabricated to deliver DNA into cultured cells and thick brain tissue samples, ex vivo and in vivo. DNA transfections using NTW array injections were then demonstrated to modify gene expression patterns in HEK293 (human embryonic kidney) cells, fibroblast cell lines, cells in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) slice ex vivo, and brain tissue cells in vivo. For example, the molecular clock of the mammalian circadian rhythm had a 24‐h period based on clock gene expression patterns. Although the SCN of the hypothalamus is a structurally and functionally suitable brain tissue for evaluating our long NTW DNA stamper because the SCN (~ 1 mm in diameter), it contained a high density (~ 10,000 cells·mm−3) of neuronal cells and functioned as a mammalian central circadian clock at the apex of the regulatory hierarchy that controls the circadian rhythms [22, 23, 24] of several biochemical, physiological, and behavioral processes with approximately 24 h periods [22, 25]. Therefore, we used Period1 (Per1):: luciferase (luc) transgenic (Tg) mice to monitor rhythmic circadian changes in real time as markers of bioluminescent activity [23, 26, 27]. We also developed an ex vivo imaging system using SCN slices, which can be physiologically maintained in the culture for months on semidry Millicell membranes. Subsequently, slices obtained from Per1::luc Tg mice were used to evaluate the efficacy of gene transfer into brain cells using the long NTW DNA stamper technique. Consequently, Per1 expression was negatively regulated by a knockdown of the transcription factor, Bmal1 (brain and muscle Arnt‐like protein 1), after injecting the vector DNA of Bmal1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) into cells within the SCN slice. So, we confirmed that NTW array injections modified the biological properties of circadian rhythms via genetic manipulation.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
232,110 |
Kilning or roasting is the final step in the malting process. Here the green malt is thermally processed, drying the malt to a moisture content of ~5%. This step inactivates and preserves the enzymes and ensures stability for the storage and transportation of the finished malt. The first phase is referred to as the “whitering” or “free drying” phase. Next, the grain is air-dried at 25°C, decreasing the moisture content from 44 to 12%. The next phase is a much longer process taking the malt from 12% moisture content to 4%. This is referred to as the “falling rate phase.” After the grain is dried, the final step is an increase in temperature, initiating the “curing stage” followed by a cooling period and finalized with the packaging of the final product (25, 26). It is important to note that the kilning and roasting step contributes the most to the color and flavor profiles of the malted barley (27). Dark malt is further classified into color brew malts, caramel malts, and roasted malts, and their production is dependent on the temperature on which they are produced. Malt produced from roasted barley can be classified into Pale malt (products include amber, chocolate, and black malt), green malt (products include cara, crystal, dark crystal, caramel malt), and colored kilned malts (includes Munich malt and Vienna malt) (26). Temperature up to 105°C is used to produce color brew malt, while caramel malts and roasted malts are up to 160 and 220–250°C for 2–2.5 h, respectively (28).
| 4 | 2other
| 1Other
|
134,197 |
In the post-hoc analyses of a randomized, phase 3, non-inferiority trial comparing 24 Gy with 4 Gy for indolent lymphoma, including follicular lymphoma and MZL, authors reported that among 84 patients with MZL, patients (n = 41) receiving 24 Gy had a better 5-year local progression-free survival (PFS) than those receiving 4 Gy (n = 43) (100% vs. 88%, p = 0.015) . Taken together, these findings indicate that reduced field RT with at least 24 Gy could provide promising locoregional control and long-term survival and few adverse effects. However, Pinnix et al. reported that 2 Gy in 2 fractions (total 4 Gy) resulted in a CR of 86% and grade 1 eye syndrome in only 5% of 22 patients with ocular adnexal lymphoma (OAL, including fourteen with MALT lymphoma, five with follicular lymphoma, and two with mantle cell lymphoma) . Cerrato et al. retrospectively analyzed 45 patients with MALT or MZL who were treated with 4 Gy in two 2-Gy fractions as curative or palliative intent, and revealed that low-dose RT (4 Gy) resulted in an ORR of 93% (CR: 51%, PR: 42%) and a 2-year PFS and OS of 76% and 91%, respectively, without causing significant acute and late adverse effects . Baron et al. also showed that among 36 patients with indolent OAL (20 patients with MALT lymphoma), low-dose RT (4 Gy) resulted in a similar ORR rate (100% [CR: 50%] vs. 87.5% [CR 58.3%]) but fewer acute toxicities (6/14 [42.9%] courses vs. 20/24 courses [83.3%], p = 0.014) when compared with moderate-dose RT (21–36 Gy) . Prospective studies to validate the local control rate and adverse effects of low-dose RT (4 Gy) in larger patients with MALT lymphoma are warranted.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
38,322 |
Due to the lack of direct biochemical data, the role of RAD51 paralogs in meiotic HR in planta is unclear. Studies in the monocot model plant, Oryza sativa (rice), showed that the RAD51 paralogs OsRAD51C and OsXRCC3 are required for meiotic DSB repair and mutations in either result in sterility, chromosome entanglement and fragmentation . These results are consistent with similar findings in Arabidopsis . Immunostaining showed that OsXRCC3 is required for OsRAD51C localization on chromosomes , suggesting the existence of a potential OsRAD51C-OsXRCC3 complex in rice. Additionally, the single-end processing proteins OsCOM1 and OsDMC1 no longer associate with DSB sites in rice osxrcc3, which suggests that OsXRCC3, and by extension OsRAD51C, might function upstream of OsRAD51 . Nevertheless, the relationship between OsRAD51 and its paralogs OsRAD51C and OsXRCC3 remains unclear, because a RAD51 antibody is currently unavailable in rice. In the present study, we showed that Arabidopsis RAD51 foci were obviously reduced in atrad51c and atxrcc3 mutants, consistent to the discovery in rice. Together, these studies, in both rice and Arabidopsis, strengthen the idea that AtRAD51 depends on its paralogs for normal function and that this relationship is highly conserved in eukaryotes.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
322,287 |
The present study shows the integration of multi-level analyses to explore the temperature stress response mechanisms of A. platensis C1. The identification of bi-level regulated proteins obtained from quantitative proteome and phosphoproteome analyses could reveal the key TCS proteins for low- and high-temperature stresses, together with evidence that supported the cross-phosphorylation of the two-component system and Ser/Thr kinases. Moreover, the comparative pattern profiling of phosphoproteins could imply switching between functional- and non-functional forms of the proteins via their phosphorylation patterns. The role of the p-site in the protein-protein interactions in the present work supported the previous reports on a critical role in protein-protein interaction of the p-sites, especially in the signal transduction mechanism [43, 44]. Taking the quantitative and phosphoproteome data together leads to the conclusion that in response to growth-temperature stress, the signaling mechanism can be linked to the metabolite that controls the C/N balance and the key enzyme in N-assimilation of the cells.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
56,347 |
Studies show that VEGF-A polymorphisms are associated with an alteration in the promoter and 3′-UTR region of the gene, reflecting changes in plasma levels of the protein [15, 16]. VEGF-C936T and VEGF-A114G were related to changes in plasma levels of the protein in several studies on solid tumours, but the results are controversial [17–19]. However, studies that correlate between polymorphisms of VEGF and HCC are rare, usually with small numbers of patients as well as a few polymorphisms [16, 20].
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
255,021 |
Since the exchange of genetic material between urban and rural populations, and the selection pressures are likely recent and ongoing in great tits, we opted to use a cross-population statistic that can identify ongoing and recently completed hard and soft selective sweeps (XP-nSL)46. Using this approach, we found that between 436 and 700 genomic windows (200 kb sliding windows with 50 kb steps, see “Methods”), which clustered into 127–173 wider genomic regions, showed signatures of selection in urban populations (Fig. 4a). Genomic outlier regions had an average size of 355.8 kb ± 251.6 SD, with the largest region (3.05 Mb) detected on chromosome 1 in Glasgow and were widely distributed across the genome with a few distinct population-specific peaks (Fig. 4a). The large number of genomic outlier regions are in line with the high number of significant GEAs across the genome and confirms the inferred polygenic nature of urban adaptation in great tits (Fig. 3a). However, in contrast to the highly concordant allele frequency shifts of GEA loci, XP-nSL values were in general weakly correlated across populations (Fig. 4b), and outlier windows were shared across a maximum of five populations (Supplementary Fig. 10). The top three shared windows clustered in a 300 kb region on chromosome 11 (16.05–16.35 Mb) and were detected in Gothenburg, Munich and the Iberian Peninsula (Barcelona, Madrid and Lisbon), with one partially overlapping outlier window detected in Glasgow. In general, the most pronounced sharing of outlier windows did not seem to occur between the geographically closest populations, as expected for shared genetic variation or adaptive introgression (see Supplementary Fig. 10). For example, Gothenburg and Paris, and Lisbon and Glasgow, showed the highest number of shared outlier windows (53 and 47, respectively). Indeed, the number of shared outlier windows between urban populations was not correlated with their genetic (Mantel’s r = 0.28, P = 0.150) or geographic distance (Mantel’s r = 0.05, P = 0.400), suggesting that shared adaptive genetic variation through introgression and gene flow between neighbouring urban populations likely did not facilitate urban adaptation. However, we cannot fully exclude the role of gene flow as migration was generally strong, even across large distances (Supplementary Fig. 4).Fig. 4Signatures of selection in urban populations.a Manhattan plots showing the distribution of cross-population nSL scores (XP-nSL) for each urban–rural population pair in 200 kb sliding windows with a 50 kb step size. Positive scores depict selection in urban populations. Significant autosomal outlier windows are highlighted in red and outlier windows on the Z-chromosome in blue (see “Methods”). Autosomal and sex-chromosome outlier windows were detected separately. b Violin plots showing the distribution of correlation coefficients (Pearson’s r) for the different inter-population summary statistics for all pairwise comparisons. Note that all distributions overlap zero and are not consistent across pairs. The shaded grey areas of the violin plot denote the kernel density estimation of the data distribution. The bottom and top edges of the white boxplot denote the upper and lower interquartile range (25th and 75th) with the vertical black line showing the median, and the thin horizontal line representing the rest of the distribution. Black dots represent values outside the distribution. c Violin plots for the distribution of correlation coefficients between inter-population summary statistics with proxies for recombination rate (within population LD, GC-content). The boxplot shows the interquartile range (white area), median (vertical black line) and the remaining distribution (horizontal black line). d Example signatures of divergence and proxies for recombination along chromosome 1 and 6, to highlight the heterogeneity of divergence across populations. Window-based measures were loess-smoothed across each chromosome. Populations with selective sweeps on the respective chromosomes are highlighted, with Glasgow (blue) on chromosome 1 and Lisbon (orange) on chromosome 6. All other populations are in grey in the background. Note that the highest sweep window, marked by the dotted line, corresponds to a likely low-recombination region on chromosome 6, but a normal recombination region on chromosome 1. e Non-significant correlation of the geographic distance between urban and rural populations from the same locality and their genetic differentiation. (linear model: F1,7 = 0.23, P = 0.645). Shaded area denotes the 95% CI. BCN Barcelona, GLA Glasgow, GOT Gothenburg, LIS Lisbon, MAD Madrid, MAL Malmö, MIL Milan, MUC Munich, PAR Paris. Source data are provided as a Source data file.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
253,855 |
A high level of heterogeneity was observed among the included studies, mainly due to the surgical or non-surgical approach, materials employed, operators, local antibiotic dosage and delivery, different control groups, study protocol, and microbiological outcomes. These factors reduced the quality of the evidence. Even in those studies which used the same local antibiotics, i.e., minocycline, differences in follow-up hampered a valid comparison . None of the included studies reported adverse effects after local antibiotic administration. The incidence of side effects should be verified in future studies. To date, we know that adverse effects were demonstrated after systemic antibiotic administration in periodontitis (e.g., gastrointestinal disorders, allergic reaction, headache, or fever) .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
56,469 |
By the same token, visitors engage with artworks in the exhibition room by moving around, circling the artwork, looking at it from a distance or close up, from below or the left or right, sitting down on the bench in the middle of the room or taking tours focusing on several items at a time and alternating gaze between them. Eventually they end up with a dynamic map of the exhibition tuned to their interests and needs.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
321,556 |
Comparing both cultivation scales, the main finding of the µ-bioreactor experiments, strong dependency of expression on the individual Fab molecule, was confirmed in the benchtop bioreactor experiments. They showed exactly the same ranking of specific Fab titers after 16 h (Fig. 1f) as expression for each host/leader combination after 8 h (Fig. 1d); it was also the same except for B<dFab> , where FTN2 was expressed at lower levels than BIBH1 and BIWA4. This resulted in a specific Fab concentration range of 0.0 to 5.2 mg/g CDM after 16 h and 0.0 to 4.0 mg/g CDM after 8 h. In regards to the overall ranking of the different hosts, the transferability depends on the expression period. After 16 h (Fig. 1f) of expression, the ranking of host leader combinations was exactly the same as in the µ-bioreactor, starting with H<oFab> and followed by H<dFab> , B<oFab> , and B<dFab> . Thus, there is a distinct trend favoring HMS174(DE3) as expression host and ompASS as leader sequence. Considering the final CDM after this period (Fig. 1e), the results from the µ-bioreactor (Fig. 1a) were replicated in the benchtop bioreactor. In both systems, almost all BL21(DE3) clones achieved higher CDM than the respective HMS174(DE3) counterpart. Although this was less pronounced after 8 h (Fig. 1c), the tendency was already indicated. Even though H<oBIBH1> , for example, reached the same titer in both reactor systems, the maximum titer in the benchtop reactor was approximately 20% lower on average than in the µ-bioreactor. This may be caused by differences in growth rate profiles during the expression phase, which is constant at 0.1 h−1 and approximately 3-times higher in the benchtop bioreactors compared to the steadily decreasing growth rate in the µ-scale system. This assumption was already confirmed with experiments at a growth rate of 0.05 h−1 (data not shown).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
332,525 |
We also identified another 40 MAPK pathway genes (including MAPK1, BRAF and MAPK14) that are classifiable as “strongly selective” (see the “Methods” section) across various cancer cell lines. Here, unlike some genes which were found to be non-essential (i.e., genes that when knocked out do not affect the fitness of cells), all MAPK pathway genes impact the fitness of the 688 cell lines tested.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
106,832 |
We are able to isolate myoblasts with >98% purity based on gene expression and staining for myogenic markers (Supplementary Fig. 4). We verified by qPCR that Dnmt1 was efficiently deleted in the myoblasts isolated from the Acta1-cre+: Dnmt1fl/fl mice, and had no effect on Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b expression (Supplementary Fig. 5). Consistent with our Dnmt1 depleted C2C12 cells, we observed attenuated ability of myoblasts from the Acta1-cre+: Dnmt1fl/fl mice to form myotubes in vitro (Fig. 2C). This coincided with reduced expression levels of myogenic genes in the knockout mice compared to littermate controls (Acta1-cre+: Dnmt1+/+) at baseline (Supplementary Fig. 5). To confirm these observations were indeed caused by an absence of Dnmt1 in myoblasts, myoblasts isolated from the Acta1-cre+: Dnmt1fl/fl mice were transduced with a Dnmt1 over-expressing retrovirus, and myogenic gene expression then re-analyzed. Dnmt1 levels following transduction were restored to levels similar to that of the littermate controls. Similarly, expression for Myf5, MyoD, Myog and Myh2 were also increased in Acta1-cre+: Dnmt1fl/fl myoblasts with Dnmt1 overexpression (Supplementary Fig. 6). However, this restoration of Dnmt1 was not able to increase myotube formation in the Acta1-cre+: Dnmt1fl/fl myoblasts (Fig. 2D). Together, these data confirm an important role of Dnmt1 in regulating myogenesis.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
31,994 |
A core question meriting consideration revolves around the extent to which ‘creature of habit’ traits might represent a vulnerability marker for the development of clinical conditions in which habitual behaviours have spiralled out of control, such as drug addiction, gambling, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or eating disorders. Indeed, a number of mental health problems involve rigid and inflexible routines, and actions performed in response to particular triggers regardless of negative consequences (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Clarification around a role for proneness to habits in these conditions may shed light on more successful treatments than those currently available.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
377,969 |
The details of the study protocols have been described elsewhere . Briefly, a door-to-door survey was conducted to build a registry of all subjects 55 years or older, living in the target area. The initial sampling frame of the study was the Santa Lucia neighborhood, one of the 18 well-defined areas into which Maracaibo is divided for administrative purposes. This setting provided several advantages for an epidemiological study, such as a high density of houses per block. As it is one of the oldest areas of Maracaibo, a significant number of households with at least one older adult was expected. All subjects were included in a registry after giving informed consent. Every subject was invited to participate in the clinical, neuropsychological, and cardiovascular assessments.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
132,917 |
Farmers who were identified as supporters of paratuberculosis controls (groups 3 and 4) frequently did not answer questions dealing with obstacles that hamper participation in a control programme, resulting in a response rate of only 53.8% to questions of part 4. The proportions of the answers within groups to the questions of part 4 are presented in Fig. 3.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
385,155 |
It is axiomatic, but the reliance on a single media type to culture leptospires from mammalian hosts is selective for only those pathogenic leptospires capable of surviving in, or adapting to, the growth media and conditions used. Some pathogenic serovars require additional serum or other supplements, as exemplified by Ellis who formulated T80/40/LH to include polysorbate 40, lactalbumin hydrolysate, superoxide dismutase and rabbit serum, as required for the primary isolation and propagation of serovar Hardjo from cattle16. The primary isolation of leptospires from reservoir and incidental hosts is essential to understand pathogenic mechanisms of leptospirosis and mitigate disease transmission. Cultured isolates provide a definitive diagnosis, a strain for serotyping and epidemiological studies, a relevant serovar for inclusion in bacterin based vaccines to immunize animal species, and appropriate antigen for inclusion in microscopic agglutination test (MAT) panels and other diagnostic tests. In our current work, we present a novel media formulation, Hornsby-Alt-Nally (HAN), for the isolation and propagation of fastidious pathogenic leptospires directly from host tissue, and compare its effectiveness to EMJH and T80/40/LH, in both liquid and semi-solid media, at both 29 and 37 °C.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
20,585 |
The major findings from this study were that exposing rat cornea to a hyperosmotic solution induces a squinting-like response that occurs only in the treated eye, is dependent on the hypertonicity of the solution, is transient, is reproducible, and is almost completely blocked by pretreatment with topical proparacaine or BCTC. This behavioral response was significantly diminished in a rat model of type 2 diabetes and showed significant correlation to a number of diabetes-induced functional and structural end points of PN.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
59,190 |
In the current study, we analyzed the association of seven SNPs (rs11646213, rs12596316, rs3865188, rs12444338, rs4783244, rs12051272 and rs7195409) in the CDH13 gene with NSCLC and its pathologic stages in a Chinese Han population. SNPs rs11646213, rs12596316, rs3865188 and rs12444338 are located in the promoter, rs4783244 and rs12051272 are located in intron 1, and rs7195409 is located in intron 7.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
39,666 |
To ensure that the single-cell assembly was not generating chimeric scaffolds, we checked read coverage maps for multiple genomic scaffolds associated with different germline architectures (scrambled and nonscrambled). We found no evidence to suggest our assemblies were chimeric (e.g., germline-limited DNA between pointer sequences with abnormally low coverage), and we used this assembly for further analyses. To ensure that potential MDS-IES boundaries were not intron-exon boundaries (considering our use of transcripts as a proxy for the somatic genome), in order to characterize a transcript as harboring an IES the IES had to be flanked by identical pointer sequences and not be nearly identical to the canonical GT-YAG intron-exon boundaries.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
167,458 |
The rest of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 elaborates the proposed SCFPN in detail. Section 3 will introduce our experiments setting. Afterwards, our experiments are evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively, and the experimental results on defect detection will be analyzed in Section 4. Section 5 will discuss the results. Finally, Section 6 will conclude this paper and discuss the future work.2. Materials and Methods
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
177,846 |
The pterostilbene compound with a purity of 98% was obtained from Friedemann Schmidt Chemicals. The N-nitroso-tri-chloroethylurea, (NTCU) was purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals, Inc. The primary antibodies were purchased from different companies with cytokeratin 5/6 (Biobyrt United Kingdom, UK); Ki-67 (Merck, Germany); p21 and p27 Proteintech, United States); β-actin, caspase-3 and cyclin E2 and D1 (Cell Signalling Technology, United States).
| 1 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
197,248 |
We now compare the three sequence models discussed above: Seq2Seq architecture with GRU cells, TCN, and SNAIL. For each performance metric, we pick the best performing neural network configurations (i.e., network architectures and their hyperparameters). Table 2 lists the neural network configurations of each considered neural networks that perform the best for each performance metric. Note that for RMSE and L2E, the same neural network configurations are used to achieve the best performances.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
|
387,184 |
The manuscript, as it stands, is however not novel as most of the results and observations reported in the Figures (1, 3, and 4) have been published in their previous publication as cited in the manuscript as Arriaga-Gomez E., et al. . The previously published data showed increase in mast cells, ano-genital sensitivity as well as increased pro-inflammatory cytokines IL6 and IFN-gamma. The only difference between the previous manuscript seems to be the mode of administration of MI, which leads to alteration in the persistence of the ano-genital sensitivity. Furthermore, the previously published article already addressed the issue of the role played by mast cells in driving ano-genital sensitivity using THC as a therapeutic approach.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
365,262 |
Approximately 50% of mental health problems are thought to begin before the age of 14 years (Kessler et al., 2005). Poor mental health has been linked to associated poor outcomes, such as lower educational achievement, substance use and poor physical health (Naylor et al., 2016; Prince et al., 2007). Preventive measures to address mental health early in life is proposed to improve outcomes for young people and lead to more positive outcomes later in life (Wellander et al., 2016).
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
297,365 |
Imaging by AFM was used to resolve the spatial arrangement of oligomerized Aβ1-42, in particular their heights. Figure 2a shows AFM resolved images of oligomerized Aβ1-42 after 3 h of incubation with various ethanol concentrations. In the control condition, AFM imaging of oligomerized Aβ1-42 showed about 10–20 relatively large-size (heights of 1.5–2.9 nm and widths of 1.8–4.6 nm) contrasted-spots (contrasts) per squared micrometers (Figure 2a). The number of large-size contrasts decreased while the number of small-size (heights of 0.5–1.2 nm and widths of 5.0–10 nm) contrasts increased after incubation with increasing ethanol concentrations (Figure 2b–f). These observations are consistent with the BN-PAGE results, showing that ethanol affected the stability of oligomerized Aβ1-42. It is noteworthy that AFM imaging clearly showed small contrasted spots after 3 h of incubation with the 7.2 M ethanol concentration, while BN-PAGE did not reveal any signal.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
90,698 |
This paper examines the role of the conserved ATPase Fap7 in proper assembly of 40S ribosomal proteins uS11 and eS26 into the 90S pre-ribosome of yeast. They began by isolating Fap7 and uS11 as overexpression suppressors of the lethality and assembly defect of eS26 conferred by depletion of Tsr1, the escortin that unloads eS26 from its import receptor in the nucleus by a Ran-GTP-independent mechanism. They showed that efficient suppression occurs only when Fap7 and uS11 are co-overexpressed, and obtained evidence that Fap7 and uS11 function in concert with eS26 and Tsr1 in proper assembly of uS11 and eS26 into ribosomes. They reconstituted in vitro a GST-Fap7:uS11:eS26 complex and showed that it requires amino acid contacts between uS11 and eS26 found in the mature ribosome, as well as the ATPase activity of Fap7, and then demonstrated that this complex could be loaded onto rRNA helix 23, again dependent on ATPase activity, thus providing strong evidence that Fap7 orchestrates formation of an uS11:eS26 complex, and that its ATPase activity facilitates loading of this prefabricated r-protein subcomplex onto h23 rRNA during ribosome biogenesis. (How eS26 dissociates from Tsr2 to enable this process remains unclear, as this does not appear to be an activity of the uS11:eS26 complex.) Other results demonstrate that the Fap7:uS11 complex and RanGTP are components of an alternative mechanism that can operate in cells lacking Tsr1 to unload eS26 from the nuclear import machinery. They showed that Fap7:uS11 binding renders the importin:eS26 complex sensitive to RanGTP, which it ordinarily is not, again dependent on native uS11:eS26 contacts. They propose that in wild-type cells, the Fap7:uS11 complex performs the essential duty of organizing a Fap7:uS11:eS26 subcomplex and incorporating it into the 90S, but when overexpressed can also perform an adjunct role in RanGTP-dependent unloading of eS26 from the importin thereby compensating for Tsr2-depletion.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
336,477 |
Therefore, the aim of this study was to first accurately segment the cancer region from the candidate region using the voxel-based features extracted from each voxel of cancerous and wall tissues, and then measure the invasion depth by using the Laplacian method to reflect the 3D surface alteration induced by BCa, as shown in Fig. 1. In the processing steps, the CDLS method was firstly used to segment the inner and outer surface of bladder wall, for the T2W images of each patient . Between the inner and outer surfaces, the potential field and a streamline was generated, based on the Laplacian method , in which the BWT is the arc length of a streamline connecting a point on the inner surface and its corresponding point on the outer surface . Then, the bent rate differences between the paired points were calculated to evaluate the bladder abnormalities caused by the lesions . Based on these abnormal points, the candidate region of BCa can be obtained through the collection of all the voxels on the streamline, which is a mixed region containing both cancerous and wall tissues (Fig. 1). Based on the candidate region, the cancerous tissue can be segmented by a voxel-feature-based classification method proposed in this study. After subtracting the cancerous tissue from the entire bladder wall region, the invasion depth of BCa can be finally defined by the subtraction of the mean BWT excluding the cancerous region and the minimum BWT of the cancerous region.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
187,142 |
The MRS was significantly associated with both prevalent (Total n = 1780; cases = 363, controls = 1417; β = 0.338, p = 1.17 × 10−7) and incident (Total n = 1607; cases = 190, controls = 1417; β = 0.193, p = 0.016) MDD in the testing dataset; however the MRS explained 1.75% of the variance of prevalent MDD and only 0.52% of incident MDD. The MRS trained on non-smokers (MRS-ns) was significantly associated with prevalent MDD (Total n = 1780; cases = 363, controls = 1417; β = 0.157, p = 0.015), but only explained 0.4% of the variance in MDD status. The MRS-ns was not significantly associated with incident MDD (Total n = 1607; cases = 190, controls = 1417; β = 0.109, p = 0.173, R2 = 0.196%).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
299,645 |
In the case of working memory, the lateral frontal cortex in primates, already implicated in the spatial delayed response task, was known to contain cells that exhibited activity in delay periods in response to stimuli in a number of sensory modalities. Goldman-Rakic in particular suggested that the dlPFC (BA-46 /sulcus principalis) mediated the maintenance of spatial information in memory in preparation for action. Subsequent work queried whether the maintenance of information per se was a critical PFC function. Thus, it was shown from other electrophysiological evidence as well as human functional imaging that the anterior inferotemporal/perirhinal and parietal cortex also exhibited maintenance operations , although the dlPFC did appear to have important roles in resisting interference (e.g., distraction) in working memory . Moreover, other investigators (e.g., ) have interpreted the role of the “mid-dorsal” (BA-9/46) PFC to mediate CC processes, such as the monitoring or tagging of recently selected items, as in self-ordered or n-back tasks, rather than the passive maintenance of information (see also for a meta-analysis). By contrast, damage to a different sector of more posterior dlPFC (BA-8) impaired selection of motor responses to particular stimuli (conditional learning of task sets) but such performance was not affected by BA-9/46 damage. This type of double dissociation further supports the hypothesis that distinct processes of CC in lateral PFC are mediated by different regions and is relevant to hierarchical theories of CC, considered below.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
94,857 |
A total of 6937 live wild rodents were captured. The rodents comprised 22 species, of which 51.66% were Apodemus chevrieri, 20.91% were Eothenomys miletus, and 7.88% were Eothenomys proditor. A total of 75 dead rodents were obtained. Additionally, 1323 fleas were isolated from rodents. The fleas comprised 12 species, of which 51.46% were Neopsylla specialis, 24.43% were Ctenophthalmus quadratus, and 12.82% were Frontopsylla spadix. For all live rodents and their fleas, the bacteria isolation, RIHA and specific PCR results were negative for Y. pestis. However, 14 of dead rodents tested positive for Y. pestis, as did 2 fleas from dead rodents (positive dead rodents).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
28,936 |
The Tienshan Mountains cover a large portion of Central Asia (Fig. 1a), spanning regions of Uzbekistan, to Kyrgyzstan, south-eastern Kazakhstan, and the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in China1121. Climate change accelerates the global water cycle, exacerbates extreme hydrological events, intensifies the uncertainties of water resources, and causes the water-based ecosystem in Central Asia to become increasingly fragile16. Changes in the spatial and temporal distribution of water resources due to climate change will cause mismatches between the resources and their distribution (i.e., the supply and demand factor), which will then become increasingly unbalanced and negatively affect productivity17. This in turn will impact the relationship between countries in Central Asia and the construction of the Silk Road economic belt.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
203,121 |
Paraffin-embedded human and mouse kidney tissues were cut at 2-μm thickness, deparaffinized, and rehydrated. Antigens were retrieved, and non-specific binding was blocked. Kidney sections were incubated with antibodies directed against FN, COL1, and TGF-β1. Slides with HK-2 cells were incubated with these three antibodies at 4°C overnight, followed by incubation with Alexa-594/Alexa-488 donkey anti-rabbit/anti-mouse IgG (Supplementary Table 1) at room temperature for 1 h in the dark. After three washes with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), slides were mounted with diamidino-phenyl indole (DAPI) for 10 min. Images were captured by immunofluorescence microscopy (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan). Specific staining for each target protein was quantified as integrated optical density expressed per unit area by Image-Pro Plus 6.0 (Media Cybernetics, MD, United States), as described previously (Luan et al., 2020; Qi et al., 2020).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
182,674 |
The literature on the relationship between breed and milk FA profile in dairy sheep is rather scarce, likely because each breed, and particularly local breeds, are reared in a very small geographical area . In general, the breed effect on milk FA in sheep is of a lower magnitude compared with the diet . In the case of the present study, a significant (p < 0.001) effect of the breed was observed for all the extracted factors, thus highlighting a different specialization about mammary lipid metabolism. Least squares means of factor scores for the three breeds are reported in Figure 1.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
95,646 |
Beyond community measures, we identified 46 individual OTUs—again dominated by bivalves (33 OTUs from five Families)—that were positively correlated (p < 0.01; logistic regression) with upland imperviousness. Gastropods (five; limpets), urchins or sand dollars (seven; not classifiable to family level), and one fish OTU comprised the remaining 13 OTUs. Conversely, a single OTU was negatively correlated with imperviousness (a mytilid mussel OTU). Providing some direct indication of human influence on the nearshore Puget Sound, human OTU richness increased significantly with imperviousness (p = 0.01; Poisson GLM), as did richness in selected taxa cultivated commercially (Panopea, p = 5 × 10−4; Bos, p = 0.005) or introduced taxa (Mya, p = 5.9 × 10−6).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
63,507 |
In order to observe the effects of the cell cycle on virus growth, subconfluent cultures of RD cells were synchronized in G0/G1 phase by serum deprivation for 24 h (He et al., 2010). For S-phase synchronization, a final concentration of 0.85 mM thymidine (Sigma) were added (Helt and Harris, 2005; Yu et al., 2015) for 24 h. For G2/M synchronization, 25 ng/ml of nocodazole (Sigma) was added (He et al., 1995; Yu et al., 2015) for 24 h. For sustained S and G2/M cell-cycle arrest after virus infection, cells were treated with fresh 0.85 mM thymidine and 25 ng/ml nocodazole for the indicated times.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
385,914 |
(iv) Gaussian curvature entropy HG is calculated while using pi and pi,j. At first, information entropy in one-dimensional Markov chain is calculated using Equation (2). Afterwards, HG is obtained by dividing the information entropy by the maximum entropy, as:(9)HG=−1log2V∑i=1V∑j=1Vpipi,jlog2pi,j
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
130,794 |
In light of the above-mentioned data, this review aims to provide insight into the current clinical and epidemiological state of knowledge on the relationship between triglycerides and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. It also intends to highlight the connection between triglycerides and other metabolic disorders, including diabetes mellitus, and the potential benefits of triglyceride-lowering agents on cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
144,394 |
To ensure good insulation properties and high transparency, the quality of the deposited SiO2 layer becomes very crucial. Hence, during the deposition process of the SiO2 for MEMS-based devices, the surface roughness is precisely taken into account as it greatly affects the performance, reliability and isolation of the system . Moreover, it heavily depends upon the deposition rate, temperature and thickness of the layers, as in the case of the solar cells, acting as the main component of photovoltaics . The thin-film deposition techniques used for SiO2 deposition include sputter deposition method, thermal evaporation, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), ion beam deposition (IBD) , physical vapor deposition (PVD) and PECVD. Among the above-mentioned technologies, the PECVD process is the most widely used deposition technique since it offers a variety of advantages such as low operating temperatures and cost-effectiveness. PECVD processes offer a wide operating temperature range from 60 to 300 °C with control of the thickness and surface roughness of the layers . Additionally, the PECVD process allows deposition of the industrial-scale high-quality layers with homogeneity and adherence . It is known from the research that the surface roughness of the deposited layers is greatly affected by the temperature inside the chamber during the process. A detailed investigation on variation in the deposition temperature of the PECVD process for the SiO2 layers to emulate the changes in the surface roughness is presented in .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
329,616 |
The statistical analyses were performed using Statistica 7.1 software (StatSoft, Inc.). χ2 tests were used to analyze the associations between the PD-L1 TPS assessed in 3 categories (<1, 1–49 or ≥50%) and all the categorical clinicopathological variables described in Table I. In these analyses the ordinal property of the 3 TPS categories was not considered. Before applying the χ2 it was checked whether the expected frequencies (computed under the null hypothesis of independence) were non-zero and that the percentage of expected frequencies <5 was below 20%. In some case, categories were merged resulting in 2×2 contingency tables, on which we applied the Fisher's exact test. The variations of the PD-L1 TPS assessed in 13 ordered categories were also analyzed and considered as ranked data between two or more independent groups determined by clinicopathological variables, using Mann-Whitney tests or Kruskal-Wallis tests (with Dunn's multiple comparisons post hoc test using rank sums) respectively (see details in the results). The intra- and inter-observer concordance analyses were based on either the weighted κ coefficient (computed with an online calculator, ©Richard Lowry 2001–2019, http://vassarstats.net/kappa.html) to take into account the ordinal property of the TPS assessed in the three large categories, or Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) for TPS assessed by the means of the 13 more precise percentages that were considered as quantitative data (28).
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
84,313 |
We investigated etoposide sensitivity in C. elegans using a high-throughput fitness assay. In brief, animals were grown in liquid culture in presence of etoposide, and body lengths of progeny and offspring production were measured using a COPAS BIOSORT (S1 Fig). In this assay, shorter body lengths are indicative of developmental delay. To identify an appropriate dose of etoposide for this assay, we performed dose-response experiments on four genetically diverged isolates of C. elegans: N2 (Bristol), CB4856 (Hawaii), JU258, and DL238. We chose 250 μM etoposide for further experiments because it was the lowest concentration at which we observed an etoposide-specific effect in all four strains tested, trait differences between the laboratory Bristol strain (N2) and a wild strain from Hawaii (CB4856) strains were maximized, and the median animal length was highly heritable (S2 Fig).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
362,380 |
We analyzed valid responses, which included hospital information to link the 1st and 2nd surveys. We excluded duplicate responses to the same survey by the same hospital. Answers to questions in sections 1 to 12 are presented as medians and interquartile ranges, calculated after excluding missing values. For single-choice questions, we presented the proportions of “yes” or the most favorable option (e.g., “approximately 100% of relevant cases”). For these types of questions, we created a “missing” category. Student’s t-tests or Satterthwaite tests were used for continuous variables, and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests for categorical variables, to compare results from the 1st and 2nd surveys.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
105,041 |
From literature search, six different carriers possessing P-gp inhibiting activity like Poloxamer 188, Kolliphor TPGS, Tween 80, Soluplus, Povidone (PVP K30), and Hypromellose (HPMC E5) were selected and were screened out by phase solubility study to determine the most appropriate and suitable carrier. In phase solubility study, an excess amount of DRV (100 mg) was added to 10 mL of distilled water, each containing different concentrations of carriers (i.e., 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% w/v). The samples were prepared in triplicate and shaken in an oscillating water bath (Metrex Scientific Instrument, New Delhi, India) thermostatically controlled at 37 ± 0.5°C for 72 h and then centrifuged (Remi R-244, Mumbai, India) at 4,000 rpm for 15 min. The samples were filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane filter, suitably diluted, and analyzed spectrophotometrically by UV spectrophotometer UV -2450 (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) at 264 nm .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
388,615 |
Snir et al.1 introduced slanted LR recession, which demonstrated the best success rate of 92% in 12 patients until 12 months after surgery. This surgical technique recesses the lower fibers of the LR muscle more than the upper fibers; thus, it improves postoperative alignments and collapses near-distance differences in IXT with CI1. However, most patients in their study were adults, and other studies on slanted LR recession had a small sample size and short follow-up periods15,16. Additionally, some patients with basic type IXT may demonstrate a greater exodeviation at near fixation after prolonged monocular occlusion, thereby resulting in IXT with CI13. Therefore, surgical outcomes of slanted LR recession for IXT with CI might differ in their response to monocular occlusion prior to surgery. The present study investigated the long-term results of slanted bilateral LR recession for IXT with CI in children. In addition, we divided these children into two groups according to their response to preoperative monocular occlusion for 2 hours, and compared surgical outcomes between the two groups.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
369,615 |
The annual incidence of past-year non-emergency surgery and any difficulty accessing surgical care from 2005 to 2014 are reported in Fig 1. Results of the chi-square analysis showed a significant difference in the incidence of difficulty accessing surgical care according to year (Χ2 = 83.50, p < .001), ranging from 14.5% in 2005/2006 to 17.8% in 2014; the lowest incidence was in 2009 (12.6%) and the highest was in 2013 (22.8%). In the collapsed CCHS dataset for the combined years (weighted N = 42,245,996; includes only respondents who participated in the modules of interest), 7.2% (weighted n = 3,052,072) of Canadians reported that they required non-emergency surgery in the past-year. Among those who required non-emergency surgery, 15.6% experienced difficulty accessing surgical care.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
302,930 |
Sociology is traced back to modern times when people start to express their responses to social changes. A social study explores consequences arising from social changes. Over time, a skepticism among sociologists has emerged about explaining such a complex society only based on some grand theories, such as the paradigm of structural functionalism or symbolic interactionism. Luhmann has regarded the lack of universal theories that could be adopted to explain social phenomena as the main cause of a crisis in social science. He was interested in developing a universal social theory making up for shortcomings of many functionalisms including Talcott Parsons’s structural functionalism. Luhmann understood all things in the world under the ‘systems.’ According to him, the world is made of systems. Luhmann’s theory of society assumes that the “modern” society is characterized by the process of functional differentiation .
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
36,373 |
A 9-month-old boy, weighing 8 kg, was presented to our outpatient department of dermatology with a sudden onset of monomorphic vesicles on the head, right lower leg, and both hands 4 days earlier. The infant has a 7-month history of AD, which mainly involved in the areas of his head and face. The infant suddenly exhibited a fever (39–40 °C) 7 days earlier and was treated with intravenous cefoperazone and dexamethasone (5 mg/d) on suspicion of AD complication and bacterial infection. A rash appeared on the third day of treatment and was considered by the infant's primary physician to be an exacerbation of AD and continued for 4 additional days of the former treatment until the eruption got worse. On physical examination, the infant had a temperature of 38.7 °C and diffuse, erythematous, vesicles on the head, face, arms, and hands. The regions on the head and face had crusted. Some yellow crusts were noted on the top area of head as the residual sign of AD (Fig. 1A). Vesicles in multiple phases appeared on the back of both arms and hands (Fig. 1B). His serum HSV IgG antibody was positive, whereas IgM was negative. Based on the clinical features, the infant was initially diagnosed with EH and prescribed oral valacyclovir (Glaxo Wellcome, SA) 125 mg 2 times daily and compound glycyrrhizin capsules 1 tablet/d. Wet dressing (0.1% acyclovir eye drops) was applied to the region 2 times daily. The samples of vesicles and crusts were taken for further confirmation as we previously described. Observation of the blister wall with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed numerous viral particles within the keratin fibers and the nucleus of keratinocyte (Fig. 2). The vesicle fluid and crust were positive for HSV-2-specific DNA, whereas negative for HSV-1 on the real-time PCR (Light Cycler 2.0, Roche Diagnostics Corporation, USA) with HSV fluorescence assay kit (Da An gene Co., Ltd, China). After 4 days of treatment, the infant's condition had improved markedly with all vesicles crusted and his temperature returned to normal (Fig. 3A and B). Then the antiviral regimen was continued for another 5 days. The herpetic lesions had almost cleared by the seventh day of the start of the treatment (Fig. 4A and B). But the infant's parents reported that valacyclovir was only taken for the first 4 days as they worried about possible side effect of the antiviral agent. Meanwhile, they increased the frequency of wet dressing to 4 times daily without the occurrence of contact sensitization. In the follow up of 6 months later, there had been no recurrence.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 3Clinical case
|
157,498 |
Movement of mitochondria by its molecular motor involves dynamic interactions among the kinesin-1 family motor KIF, the trafficking kinesin protein TRAK1, and the transmembrane mitochondrial Rho GTPase adaptor Miro1, which has two GTPase domains each flanked by a Ca2+-binding EF hand (Figure 2A). By interacting with proteins within this motor complex, DISC1 promotes Ca2+-sensitive anterograde movement of mitochondria . A similar motor complex is found in dendrites that relies on DISC1 interaction with Miro2 and TRAK2 for mitochondrial movement . Syntaphilin (SNPH), an additional interaction partner within the modulatory complex, binds directly to microtubules and mitochondria immobilizing them upon exposure to rises in intracellular Ca2+. For anterograde movement to occur, DISC1 appears to bind both Miro1 and SNPH keeping them from interacting with one another . With the rise in intracellular Ca2+, DISC1 dissociates from the complex allowing SNPH and Miro1 to interact with one another to anchor mitochondria in place (Figure 2A). Furthermore, upon sensing increased Ca2+ levels, whether in terminals or dendrites, Miro uncouples the KIF motor from the complex, halting movement of mitochondria along microtubules . Interestingly, in SNPH knockdown studies in cultured cortical neurons, not only does mitochondrial movement increase, but these cells exhibit decreased axonal branching as well as impaired Ca2+ buffering in nerve terminals, . These findings suggest that the complement of proteins within a molecular motor complex determines what and when cargo moves or stops, as well as the direction of movement. Dependency on Ca2+ to dock mitochondria in place ensures an energy source at regions with metabolic demand. Whether additional proteins act in concert with DISC1 to facilitate loading of mitochondria on to microtubules awaits further interrogation. Taken together, these observations link DISC1’s role in determining morphological characteristics of a neuron’s branching pattern to its Ca2+-sensitive role in tethering and facilitating mitochondrial movement to areas of high metabolic demand such as axon arborization and growth cone formation during development and in synapses during neurotransmission.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
175,625 |
Prior to the discovery of CRISPR, efforts have already been made to construct genome editing tools, which have led to the innovation of TALENs (transcription activator-like effector nucleases) and ZFNs (zinc-finger nucleases) that are based on protein recognition of DNA nucleotide sequence (Gaj et al., 2013). Yet, programming these molecular machineries to target specific DNA sequence has been time-consuming due to its sophistication. In contrast, the ease of programming CRISPR effectors by altering guide RNA sequence has led to an explosion of CRISPR applications across many health science disciplines, including the field of infectious diseases.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
73,675 |
The BRAVE study is an interventional study. The intervention consists of: 1) a knowledge and skills training for mental health professionals about DVA, 2) knowledge and skills training of DVA practitioners about mental illness, 3) the provision and implementation of a direct referral pathway between community mental health services and DVA services for victims of DVA with mental illnesses. The effect of this intervention will be tested in a cluster randomized controlled trial comparing the detection rate of domestic violence in psychiatric patients of community mental health teams in the intervention condition versus teams in the control condition. Furthermore we aim to assess the feasibility, sustainability and acceptance of the intervention for clinicians, policy makers, managers and victims of DVA in both the community mental health services and the DVA services. We expect that the number of detected cases of DVA will increase in the intervention group compared to the control group.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
363,707 |
In addition, Cd72, which was not designated as a query gene in this study, was located in area A at coordinates (−0.014, 0.558) on the CA plot and is a negative regulator of B-cell responsiveness (Fig. S9) . Cd72 was located near the intersection of the line connecting Arg1-Ly6f and line 1 and far from straight lines 2 and 3, similar to Cxcl5. However, the fold values of FC6, FC12, and FC24 were 0.485, 0.611, and 5.266, respectively, which were opposite those of Cxcl5. Therefore, Cd72 and the genes located around it on the CA plot may be gene markers that were upregulated significantly in late wounds. Furthermore, Cd72 was downregulated at 6 and 12 h, unlike Cxcl5, which was upregulated at all time points, suggesting that Cd72 can be used as a marker that is downregulated early after injury. Thus, the CA plot helps identify gene marker candidates that are useful for estimating the timing of injuries.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
332,146 |
Need a table that shows population, cases and incidence per 100,000 for the seven departments and for Cucutá”, the capital city of Norte de Santander department. This city has been an epicenter of Venezuelan migration. The isolates from Cucutá should be compared to Venezuelan isolates of S. Typhi, if the authors have some.
| 1 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
74,151 |
A novel BI-CIS with IPA on c-Si surface for light trapping pixel technology is proposed and the prototyping results are demonstrated. Both spectroscopic measurements and demo images show considerable NIR sensitivity enhancement with small spatial resolution degradation. BI-CIS with 400 nm pitch IPA surface and DTI shows 80% improvement in sensitivity, which corresponds to QE of more than 30% at 850 nm for a 3 μm thick c-Si photodetector. Furthermore, it is worth noting that there is still a lot of room for improvement toward the fundamental limit of 4n 2. Additionally, it is important to control surface passivation to minimize the degradation of thermal noise and also further improve pixel isolation to reduce lateral color crosstalk as small as possible.
| 4 | 2other
| 0Study
|
106,269 |
All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
| 1 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
79,120 |
We assessed whether overexpression of K24 induces chemotaxis of the keratinocytes using a transwell migration assay. Specifically, NHEK were plated at 20% confluence (1 × 105 cells/well) in six-well plates and infected with lentivirus as described above. After 24 h, cells were incubated under standard conditions in complete media. After reaching 90% confluence, cells were harvested and utilized for transwell migration assays. A 24-well plate containing an 8-mm-pore size chamber insert (BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) was used to evaluate the migration of keratinocytes. The upper transwell chamber was seeded with control or K24 transfected keratinocytes (∼2.5×105) resuspended in 100 μl of Epilife medium containing 0.1% bovine serum albumin. In each lower chamber, 500 μl Epilife medium containing keratinocyte growth factor was added as a chemoattractant. After 6h of incubation at 37°C, the upper part of the membranes was swabbed to remove non-migrated cells, the cells that had migrated through the pore were fixed by formalin and stained with 5μg/ml of DAPI (Roche) for 10 min, and its fluorescence signal was observed under an inverted fluorescence microscope.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
358,766 |
Effect of CIHH on the expression of ERS-related proteins in rat livers. (A) Original recording of Western blotting. (B) Quantification of protein levels of GRP78. (C) Quantification of protein levels of CHOP. CON: control group, CIHH: CIHH group, MS: metabolic syndrome group, MS + CIHH: MS + CIHH group. All data were expressed as mean ± SD; n = 4 for each group. *P < 0.05 vs. CON, #P < 0.05 vs. MS.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
343,042 |
As recently reported, fully laparoscopic dissection of hilar lymph nodes is considered technically possible and seems safe in experienced hands [39, 59]. This is noteworthy as technical limitations in hilar LAD were thought to be a contraindication to laparoscopic surgery for iCC in the past. General expectations were dampened by first reports and doubts regarding the oncological equivalence of the minimally invasive procedure arose. The median number of retrieved lymph nodes often did not correspond to current recommendations for iCC [38, 60]. Moreover, cases of laparoscopically operated iCC in which no LAD was performed at all were disturbing [38, 60]. In a US national cancer database analysis of 2309 patients with iCC, the percentage of nodal evaluation was significantly lower in patients undergoing laparoscopic liver resection (39%) compared with patients being scheduled for open surgery (61%) . Given an overall nodal evaluation of 58%, the experience of reporting centers seems particularly important, not only in laparoscopic surgery . Therefore, the discussion about possible limits of LAD is very well suited to describe the further development of laparoscopic (and open) liver surgery in the coming years in general. We will likely see a development towards a broad application of laparoscopic surgery for technically less demanding liver lesions with highly specialized applications, such as extended hepatectomy with LAD, being reserved for a few centers with the appropriate experience. To accompany this twin-track development, strict quality control is required to ensure equivalence to the conventional open technique. A first step in this direction would be to include hilar LAD in revised risk scores in the future.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
280,828 |
Fear of adverse side effects from ingesting drugs provided during mass drug administration programs was reported as common among community members in a wide range of studies examining lymphatic filariasis , soil-transmitted helminths and scabies . Personal or interpersonal experiences of side effects such as nausea, fever, headaches, rash and vomiting during current or previous mass drug administration programs increased fear and unwillingness to ingest medication . One paper in Nagpur, India noted that participants experiencing chronic health conditions such as hypertension and diabetes, or those who had recently undergone surgery, refused to comply to a program . This was due to fear that consuming drugs administered during a mass drug administration program alongside their current drug regime may result in adverse drug interaction and negative side effects . Similar concerns were raised in studies in Vanua Levu, Fiji and Tamil Nadu, India .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
349,433 |
In likening the experience of seeing a deeply traumatized client improve to winning an Oscar, this interpreter conveys a powerful sense of both joy and personal achievement; they clearly feel that they have contributed to this client’s recovery and take pride in this. Moreover, the fact that they have been involved with the same client for such a prolonged period also speaks to a sustained level of personal investment, being part of a gradual journey of recovery.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
3,732 |
Among the 2 259 460 deliveries recorded in the Birth Register between 1992 and 2013, there were 52 373 women who met the study inclusion/exclusion criteria (Fig 1). Maternal characteristics are presented in Table 1. In gestational week 38 a total of 722 women were induced and 44 081 had expectant management. Of these women, 6066 later underwent induction of labor (13.8%).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
196,744 |
The resulting 229 × 229 connectivity matrices were submitted to cov-STATIS, and the primary results regarding network connectivity and age effects on dedifferentiation and segregation scores are reported below. First, we examined the multivariate connectivity space of the nodes included in the Power atlas (Fig. 2). Similar to the original analyses, the multivariate space is characterized by differences between default vs. somato-motor/visual and dorsal attention/frontoparietal control vs. visual networks.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
378,792 |
The aim of this research study is to collate health care professionals’ perspectives on the limitations of the existing task, and to determine if gamification elements (Table 1) could be incorporated, to refine the conventional intervention. By undertaking this research, we seek to answer the following research questions: (1) What are the perspectives of health care professionals on existing gaming interventions for ADHD; (2) What are the perspectives of health care professionals on a conventional emotional bias modification task?; (3) Would gamification strategies be appropriate, and which gaming strategies are deemed to be the most appropriate? We have decided to sample health care professionals first, to better the existing conventional emotional bias modification paradigm.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
47,547 |
(a) The normal distribution of grain boundary β-phase particle radius in AA5083 which sensitised at 100 °C for 2 to 60 days, (b) the average aspect ratio of β-phase particles observed on Ga-embrittled fracture surface of alloys with different sensitisation heat treatments.
| 2 | 2other
| 1Other
|
193,982 |
Among participants completing the satisfaction survey (n=15), 13 (87%) reported gaining knowledge about PA or exercise from the smartphone-delivered intervention and 14 (93%) indicated that they would recommend the intervention a friend. The one participant indicating she would not recommend the study to a friend stated that the intervention, “didn’t allow for building fitness connections.” This feedback, along with participant suggestions on how we can improve the discussion board features and social support components of the intervention, indicated the need to enhance the intervention to further promote connectedness and camaraderie among participants. Specifically, qualitative narratives provided by participants on the satisfaction survey suggested the need for a member of the study team or a PA coach to actively engage with participants and facilitate group-based social support for PA. Despite meaningful feedback provided by participants on how to improve the intervention, many participants expressed appreciation and positive sentiments, supporting the feasibility of the approach. Quotes illustrating this included:
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
31,448 |
The estimated coefficients for all statistically significant attributes had the expected sign rendering theoretical validity of the direction of the effect. Caregivers’ strongly preferred health facilities that had medicines and equipment available and where their sick children were thoroughly examined Respondents valued a decrease in w in aiting time (β and good attitude of health workers equally (with opposite direction of influence) as the third most important attributes affecting their choice of a health facility. Cost of healthcare had the lowest effect on choice of health facility. The standard deviations of the mean coefficients indicate that there is preference heterogeneity among the caregivers.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
209,958 |
The RNAi approaches we used in this study, although caused significant knockdown of SAA1 probably due to its massive expression pattern in acute liver injury, do not meant to fully eliminate the expression patterns of SAA1 in mice liver. Therefore, we recommend that the future studies should endorse SAA1 knockout mice for further mechanistic studies. However, there is currently no SAA1 knockout mice model available which itself lends a challenge for scientific community.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
86,456 |
The ITS2 region of Hexapoda was amplified using the primer pair of ITS3_Hexa_exSpF and ITS4_Hexa_R (Table 1). A two-step PCR protocol was used to analyze multiple samples in a single Illumina MiSeq sequencing. In the first PCR, we used fusion primers containing Illumina sequencing primer regions, 3–6-mer Ns for improved Illumina sequencing quality , and specific primers (forward, 5′- TCG TCG GCA GCG TCA GAT GTG TAT AAG AGA CAG - [3–6-mer Ns] - [ITS3_Hexa_exSpF] -3′; reverse, 5′- GTC TCG TGG GCT CGG AGA TGT GTA TAA GAG ACA G - [3–6-mer Ns] - [ITS4_Hexa_R] -3′) (Additional file 4). The 10-μL reaction mixture contained 1 × KOD FX Neo buffer (TOYOBO), 0.4 mM of each dNTP, 0.2 μM of each fusion primer, 0.2 U of KOD FX Neo Polymerase (TOYOBO), and 1 μL of template DNA. To evaluate the effects of newly designed blocking primers, four types of PCR settings (blocking primer settings) were applied to the first PCR step. Specifically, ITS3_BlockAraneae_A (blocking primer A, 0.5 μM in the reaction mixture), ITS3_BlockAraneae_B (blocking primer B, 0.5 μM), both blocking primers (blocking primers A & B, 0.5 μM each), or no blocking primers was/were added to the reaction mixture. Each of the four PCR reactions were performed with a temperature profile of 94 °C for 2 min, followed by 40 cycles at 98 °C for 10 s, 50 °C for 30 s, 68 °C for 50 s, and a final extension at 68 °C for 5 min. The ramp rate was set to 1 °C/s to prevent the generation of chimeric sequences . The PCR products were cleaned using 1/20 × ExoSAP-IT (affymetrix).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
174,864 |
In Malaysia, teachers’ innovative behaviour is deemed a lingering issue. Based on the surveys conducted in the past few years, teachers’ innovative behaviour has not reached an outstanding level in this country and the findings of previous studies also showed inconsistency in teachers’ innovative behaviour in Malaysia between 2012 and 2019, besides remaining at low and average levels without any significant improvement . This phenomenon is a serious issue that requires attention because a prolonged lack of innovative behaviour among teachers is detrimental to any education system in the long run, either directly or indirectly and one of the significant direct impacts that can be predicted is the creation of innovation .
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
344,521 |
Resting energy expenditure (REE) was estimated using open-circuit spirometry combined with indirect calorimetry (Parvo Medics TrueOne® 2400, Salt Lake City, UT, USA) following an overnight fast with no caffeine in a quiet temperature and humidity-controlled exercise physiology laboratory. Flow and gas calibration were performed prior to each test using standard operating procedures provided by the manufacturer. Participants were equipped with a mouthpiece, nose clip, and a heart rate monitor affixed to the chest with receiver integrated with the metabolic cart (Polar Electro Inc., Lake Success, NY, USA). Baseline expired gases were collected for 5 min to establish steady-state conditions. Thereafter, oxygen consumption and calories expended were measured for 15 min while seated quietly at rest. Oxygen uptake data were smoothed with a 15-breath moving average. The 15-breath moving average was selected because it induces minimal data loss with little data and trend distortion, as recommended by Robergs et al. . REE data during the final 2 min of the 20 min rest period were used for analysis. REE data was expressed as the total energy expenditure per day, relative to body weight (kg), and relative to absolute fat mass (AFM).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
157,217 |
The cornea is a half-millimeter thick structure with three types of tissues: corneal epithelium (anterior to an acellular area—Bowmann’s layer), avascular corneal stroma with mesenchymal cell types (keratocyte), and an innermost single layer of corneal endothelial cells (posterior to an acellular zone—Descemet’s membrane).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
58,643 |
We performed simulations with a suite of Earth models with distinct thicknesses of an elastic lithosphere and radial profiles of mantle viscosity. In the main text, we consider two models: model HV has a lithospheric thickness of 120 km, and upper and lower mantle viscosities of 5 × 1020 and 5 × 1021 Pa s, respectively (for example, see refs 18, 19 for details); model LVZ has a 50-km-thick lithosphere, a low viscosity of 1019 Pa s to a depth of 200 km, a viscosity of 2 × 1020 Pa s in the remaining upper mantle and 3.0 × 1021 Pa s in the lower mantle. This model is considered consistent with the geological setting of West Antarctica and seismic tomographic constraints on mantle structure2023 (see main text).
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
|
46,230 |
Our findings support other research studies that point to overweightedness as being more widespread among adolescents in vocational programs than in non-vocational programs. Furthermore, our study indicates that food and drink consumption—not physical activity level or cardiorespiratory fitness—may explain the high proportion of overweightedness among vocational students. We recommend that further studies with a larger sample size be carried out to examine differences between vocational and non-vocational students in physical activity level, physical fitness, and weight-related factors. Further studies should also examine food and drink consumption among vocational and non-vocational students to identify reasons for differences in overweightedness.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
125,113 |
Gochujang, a traditional Korean fermented condiment, consists of glutinous rice, meju (fermented soybean) powder, red pepper powder, and a large amount of salt . Gochujang as a fermented food has been suggested to help reduce the risk of several health conditions (due to its anti-cancer properties ), insulin resistance , anti-obesity properties , and antioxidant capacity . Gochujang contains 5~11% salt, but its main bioactive compounds have been identified as capsaicin of red pepper powder, isoflavones of meju, and probiotics . According to reports, these components help in alleviating colitis symptoms through their anti-inflammatory activities . However, there is a lack of research on reducing signs and symptoms of colitis with Gochujang.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
192,649 |
Our findings permit us to focus on DEHP as the most toxic phthalate, as expected, but also underline that other phthalates are involved, in different ways, in oxidative damage. At the same time, 8-oxoGuo emerged as the most sensitive and susceptible biomarker of oxidative stress, for short-term exposure to chemicals, confirming an attack of ROS and RNS on RNA. In addition, considerations about other biomarkers such as 8-oxodGuo, 5-MeCyt, and 3-NO2Tyr must be investigated, owing to their correlation with different phthalates.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
389,514 |
Another limitation of the study is that most variables are self-reported, including CHD diagnosis and use of medications. We may have underestimated adherence to treatment guidelines through inclusion of some participants that are not actual CHD patients, or exclusion of participants who did not recall a previous CHD event. Such misclassification is less likely for life threatening conditions like MI, and although there may be some who reported MI when they have had a PCI/CABG (or vice versa), the extent would be limited and should not noteworthy alter the study results. Self-reported medication use could make the results susceptible to recall bias. For medications used for chronic conditions such as CHD, self-reported use of medications have shown good to very good agreement with prescription data , suggesting that recall bias should be a minor problem in our study.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
150,382 |
To determine the synaptic connectivity of both SST+ and CRF+ neurons in BRN and LC pontine nuclei, we combined optogenetic stimulation with whole-cell recordings in brainstem slices of SstCre and CrfCre mice (Taniguchi et al., 2011). We tested the hypotheses: (1) SST+ neurons are GABAergic and display functional inhibitory synaptic connections with LC or BRN neurons, and (2) CRF+ neurons in the BRN influence the activity of other BRN neurons or LC neurons via mono- or poly-synaptic input. To determine whether the pontine neurons we recorded from were part of the neural circuitry that controls the bladder, we retrogradely labeled them by injecting the trans-synaptic tracer pseudorabies virus-152 labeled with EGFP (PRV-152 EGFP) into the bladder wall of these mice.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
151,052 |
Strategies for the practical use of compounds and strains capable of QQ exist in medicine, animal husbandry, and crop production. Since the manifestation of pathogenicity factors , antibiotic resistance , and other essential properties of bacteria depend on the work of QS systems, making them the target of therapy seems to be a promising approach.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
204,973 |
Compliance with the intervention was estimated from the diaries (calculated from the number of days with light or activity logged within and outside of the requested time frames) as well as by comparing Time 1 light (9am–11am) and activity data (11am–2pm) from the Actiwatch 2’s to Time 2 data. Descriptive statistics from the nominal questions in the feedback form were calculated and field notes from home visits and telephone conversations collated. Due to the small and heterogeneous sample, the effect and feasibility of the protocol and intervention was based on case studies . Individual scores were plotted for within-subject comparisons between Times 1 and 2, and to visually compare the distribution of results between participants who completed the trial versus those who did not.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
24,188 |
Neutralization of miR-146a-5p, together with pro-inflammatory stimulated macrophages, inhibits tumor growth. (A) RENCA cells (2 × 106 cells) were injected to the flank of BALB/c mice. After tumors became palpable, mice were i.v. injected every 7 days (black arrows), with either anti-miR-146a-5p or its negative control anti-miR-NC (0.025 mg/g BW each), alone or together with injections of RAW 264.7 (106 cells) that were stimulated in vitro with IFNγ (100 U/ml) and LPS (1 µg/ml) for 24 h prior to injection. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001 relative to the control group, $, p < 0.05 relative to the anti-miR-146a-5p group. Representative images of tissue sections immunohistochemically stained for (B) EMMPRIN protein expression and (C) its evaluation by the h-score, and (D) inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression and (E) its evaluation by the H-score (n = 6 in the miR-NC+stimulated RAW 264.7 group, and n = 5 in each of the other groups, in two biological replicates).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
285,215 |
A Boxplot for each genotype of rs7113204 from QTL mapping analysis for the RNA:DNA ratio. The estimated association is suggestive at a p value of 1.72 × 10 . The estimated allele is rs7113204-G and is negatively associated with the RNA:DNA ratio. B LocusZoom plot of the top SNP of QTL mapping analysis for the RNA:DNA ratio on chromosome 11 (rs7113204). C Boxplot for each genotype of rs12366210 from QTL mapping analysis for the RNA:DNA ratio. The rs12366210-G allele of this independent SNP is negatively associated with the RNA:DNA ratio and the SNP is independent of the top SNP of the locus (i.e., rs7113204). D LocusZoom plot of the top SNP of QTL mapping analysis for the RNA:DNA ratio on chromosome 11 (rs12366210)
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
122,022 |
Another potential source of error for defining the plane of a rigid wing is span-wise wing deflection along the leading edge. We evaluated this error by measuring the deflection of three points between mj and wt from three of the filmed beetles, and found that the maximal measured span-wise deflection could account to an error of up to 3.4° in our measurement of the plane of the rigid wing (electronic supplementary material, S2). The chord-wise deflection angles are much larger, typically 20–40° (in the distal and proximal wing sections, respectively; see Results). The span-wise deflection of the wing tip is towards the ventral side during the mid-downstroke, implying that the small error from span-wise deflection results in a slight underestimation of the chord-wise wing deflection relative to the plane of the rigid wing. Our measurements and analysis of the chord-wise wing deflections always pertain to the mid-downstroke and mid-upstroke where the error due to span-wise deflection and wing rotational effects (see below) are small.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
68,246 |
Figure 4 displays 18F-FDG PET images of the rat brain reconstructed with the three different attenuation correction methods. In order to illustrate the effect of attenuation correction on brain PET images, 18F activity was measured in a peripheral brain ROI for the three sets of PET images (Fig. 5). As expected for such a small animal, skull attenuation had a limited impact on brain activity. However, Fig. 5 shows that NoBone-AC underestimates 18F activity as compared with CT-AC (p < 0.001, unpaired t test). The use of 31 P-AC significantly increases brain activity as compared with NoBone-AC and overestimates brain activity as compared with CT-AC (p < 0.001).Fig. 4 18F-FDG PET reconstructed using three different attenuation corrections: CT-AC (a), NoBone-AC (b), and 31 P-AC (c) Fig. 5Peripheral brain ROI (a) in which 18F activity was measured for the three different attenuation corrections (b). *p < 0.001
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
203,643 |
Fish leukocyte modulation under stress conditions follows a typical profile, consisting of decreased numbers of circulating lymphocytes due to their migration from the blood to tissues, and the inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation by stress hormones . Additionally, monocyte and neutrophil numbers increase since they are recruited to circulation, with higher numbers of circulating neutrophils being characteristic of acute stress situations . The fish included in this study presented a typical leukogram in response to an acute handling of stress, and dietary extract supplementation did not modulate the leukocyte response. However, the increase in total WBC observed in fish fed with the FV-supplemented diets could be a result of the improved immune response, as shown with other feed additives, such as vitamin C, white button mushroom and nucleotides . Hence, FV extract supplementation may enhance fish stress and disease resistance under stressful conditions.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.