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255,680 |
The dramatic seasonal variations in sea ice with considerable interannual variability (Årthun et al., 2012; Wassmann et al., 2006) (Figure S10) influence the timings of primary productivity and sea ice algal production. A notable characteristic of the Barents Sea is an observed multidecadal oscillation in sea ice variability ranging from 16 to 40 years (Divine and Dick, 2006) and coincides with the anticipated life expectancy of A. crenata. A study along a transect off the Kola Peninsula demonstrated a positive correlation of C. crispatus biomass with decadal‐scale temperature anomalies, showing a four‐year delayed response to temperature anomalies and associated patterns in sinking organic matter (Frolova et al., 2007). The missing and low frequencies of size classes in our study could be a response to interannual or multidecadal fluctuations in sea surface temperature (Levitus et al., 2009), sea ice conditions (Divine and Dick, 2006), and the corresponding responses of primary productivity in the region (Dalpadado et al., 2014). A. crenata typically show a greater dependence on the later summer phytoplankton blooms (Dalpadado et al., 2014; Tamelander et al., 2006), the timing of which may be an essential cue for episodic growth or recruitment (Dayton et al., 2016), but usually occur after ice retreat. These blooms also represent an important food source for seasonal pelagic feeding larvae (Brandner et al., 2017), and while the development of gametes may not be limited by temperature in the Arctic, the change in food availability, and potential for a mismatch between reproductive and resource allocation (Renaud et al., 2008), could shape the future diversity of species above the current position of the polar front.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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360,250 |
Taken together our findings support previous observations of the dynamic nature of human echolocation33,34, and provide an important extension as they demonstrate for the first time that people can echolocate in the presence of background noise, and that systematic adjustments of the intensity of emissions enable them to do so. This indicates that for successful echolocation in acoustically dynamic conditions people need dynamic control of the signals that carry relevant acoustic information to support their behaviour. The adjustments that people made to the signals in the present study (i.e. intensity) are comparable to adaptive echolocation behavior of echolocators in active echolocation tasks33,34 and might therefore also apply in real-life noisy situations.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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114,948 |
The identification of QS regulation of NOx metabolism in N. winogradskyi raises questions about NOx metabolism in other NOB. A cursory search of genomic databases shows that all NOB and comammox bacteria contain nirK homologs and that all except Nitrococcus and Nitrolancea contain nnrS homologs but that only Nitrobacter species contain both ncgABC and clearly annotated autoinducer synthase and receptor genes associated with QS. Since Nitrobacter species are r-strategists with the ability to exploit higher substrate concentrations and sporadically grow to higher densities, they may make better use of cell-density-dependent QS genetic regulation (10, 47). In addition, as r-strategists, Nitrobacter species might use QS-controlled preparation for starvation as an important strategy to recognize transitions to an unfavorable energy-limited situation (48). Future research into nirK function in NOB is needed to confirm the role of nirK and nnrS in NOx fluxes and to determine if NO signaling occurs in these microorganisms.
| 5 | 0biomedical
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157,822 |
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), can be used to find molecular motions under near physiological conditions at atomic resolution over a several orders of magnitude of the time scale, from as fast as picoseconds, to as slow as months, but will only report on local conditions and typically over small distance scales (Palmer, 2004; Kovermann et al., 2016; Sekhar and Kay, 2019; Alderson and Kay, 2021). However, to access such a vast range of dynamics a battery of different tools reporting on different parameters of motion in different regimes is required. For example, NMR relaxation is sensitive to both amplitudes and time scales of motions typically in the picoseconds-nanoseconds range in solution and picoseconds-milliseconds range in the solid state (Lewandowski, 2013), which provides some unique opportunities for characterizing protein motions (Castellani et al., 2002; Chevelkov et al., 2003; Chevelkov et al., 2006; Lewandowski et al., 2011; Asami and Reif, 2012; Lamley et al., 2014; Lamley et al., 2015a; Lamley et al., 2015b; Sternberg et al., 2018; Öster et al., 2019). However, the extended range of time scales of motions, which influence relaxation in the solid state, comes also at a price: reliable quantification of motional amplitudes with relaxation rates alone is challenging and sometimes impossible. Often reliable quantification of dynamics using relaxation rates requires them to be combined with measurements of order parameters (typically dipolar order parameters), which constrain the overall amplitude of motions (Schanda and Ernst, 2016).
| 4 | 0biomedical
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165,531 |
Although the exact mechanisms of action of this compound remain uncertain, it is postulated that immunosuppression results from its ability to block the stimulation of toll-like receptors, suppress T-cell proliferation, inhibit autophagy and reduce macrophage-mediated cytokine production and calcium signaling in B and T cells . Its atheroprotective attributes may be due to the reduction in circulating cytokines such as Il-1, IL-6 and TNF-α .
| 4 | 0biomedical
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43,855 |
1) The task has some nice features, including the use of explicit and learned information that can be used flexibly to guide behavior. However, it also seems awfully complicated to allow for a single parameter to effectively describe the overall influence of learned information on behavior.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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54,886 |
Wang and Sordat et al. in 1982 were among the first to implant human tumors orthotopically (literally ‘correct place’) in nude mice, using cancer-cell suspensions, rather than “heterotopically” (literally “different place,” such as s.c.) . Metastases as well as local tumor growth occurred in the orthotopic model, a very important advance. Our laboratory pioneered the patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse model with the technique of surgical orthotopic implantation (SOI) of intact colon cancer tissue [4, 5]. A greater extent of metastasis was observed in orthotopic models with implanted intact tumor tissue compared with orthotopically-implanted cell suspensions of the same tumor . This perhaps is due to the intact histology and cancer-cell stroma interaction of the orthotopically-implanted tumor tissue.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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87,404 |
Schematic view of the effects of sFlt-1 dysregulation over cellular metabolism and bioenergetics in PE. Dysregulated VEGF signaling due to up-regulation of sFlt-1 levels in preeclampsia leads to reduced activation of VEGF receptors Flt-1 and Flk-1/KDR, respectively. Effects of dysregulated VEGF bioavailability affect mitochondrial oxygen consumption (OCR), inducing a metabolic phenotype switch enhancing glycolytic response (ECAR) in endothelial cells, but not in trophoblasts. sFlt-1 due to loss of mitochondrial bioenergetics increase oxidative stress in mitochondria (mtROS). Together, these events lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, that would result in vascular dysfunction and the onset of preeclampsia.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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6,400 |
HeLa cells were plated 24 h prior to transfection in a six-well culture plate (1.5 × 105 cells/well) and transfected with 500 ng of the pcDNA-human-DOK7 minigene or pcDNA-human-DOK7-MS2 minigene, as well as with or without 1 µg of an expression vector for SRSF1, SRSF1-MS2, or hnRNP H-MS2, using 6.0 μl FuGENE 6 (Roche) in 100 μl Opti-MEM medium according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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112,458 |
To determine the exact coordinate of each variant in Felis_catus_8.0, the following analyses were performed. For each SNP, 100 bp of upstream and downstream sequence was aligned to Felis_catus_8.0 using the program blat87. The entire Felis_catus_8.0 reference sequence was used in the alignment rather than performing multiple alignments with separate chromosome sequences. The program was run in default mode to generate alignments, with a minimum of 11 bp of matching sequence to initiate an alignment (tileSize = 11) and at least 90% matching bases required (minIdentity = 90). The number of tile matches was 2 (minMatch = 2), the minimum score was 30 (minScore = 30), and the size of the maximum gap between tiles in a clump was 2 (maxGap = 2). The best matches were selected to determine the location of each pair of sequences (e.g., [upstream/downstream]) in the assembly and coordinates obtained. The remapped map file is available in Supplementary Data 2, which contains original SNP position and array identification number, the Felis_catus_6.2 position and the Felis_catus_8.0 position.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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25,011 |
In the present study, rapid gamma-band activity related to the effect of eyes was evident only in the right IOG. This result is consistent with those of previous behavioral2930 and neuroimaging91012 studies showing right hemispheric dominance during the processing of eyes and extends them to the eye detection process. However, because the electrode placement in the present study was based on anatomical rather than functional information, further investigation is necessary to confirm whether there is hemispheric functional asymmetry regarding IOG activity related to eye detection.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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365,065 |
Mandarin (C. reticulata cv. Michal) fruits were harvested and transported to the ARO Volcani Center, Israel. The mandarin fruits were treated with 6 mM phenylalanine for 30 s, and two different infection protocols were used. For early infection, the treated and control fruits were immediately inoculated by spraying with conidia (5 × 105 conidia/mL) of P. digitatum. For late infection, the treated and control fruits were stored at 22 °C for 48 h then inoculated by P. digitatum conidial spray (5 × 105 conidia/mL). Each treatment consisted of four 10 kg cases of fruit, each case representing a biological repeat. Both the early- and late-inoculated fruits were stored at 22 °C for 5 days, and decay incidence or severity was measured.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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362,937 |
Nrf2, NF-κB, NQO1 and PPARβ/δ mRNA expressions were evaluated using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) from PBMCs according to Cardozo et al.25 TaqMan® Gene Expression Assays (Applied Biosystems) were used to detect Nrf2 (Hs00975961_g1), NF-κB (Hs00765730_m1), NQO1 (Hs00168547_m1), PPARβ/δ (Hs00975961_g1) mRNA and the control gene GAPDH (Hs02758991_g1).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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282,861 |
Diagnosis: A fairly large-sized, double-armored ellimmichthyiform fish, differing from other genera of the order in the following combination of characters: dorsal body margin without marked angle at the dorsal fin insertion; posttemporal large; predorsal scutes series complete, with scutes small, numerous (about 55), all about equal in size, and with ridges on dorsal surface; number of predorsal bones ten or more; no diastema between second and third hypural; proximal end of middle principal caudal fin rays enlarged.
| 3 | 0biomedical
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132,096 |
Data were summarized using mean ± standard deviation (SD) or median and minimum and maximum values, as appropriate, for continuous variables. Categorical variables were reported as natural frequency and percentage. Correlation among variables was measured using the Spearman correlation coefficient. Given the singular ‘spike at zero’ distribution of the two biomarkers considered in this study, the association with OS was assessed using dichotomized variables for a 1% value. Patients with expression values < 1% were considered negative for the biomarkers, while with values ≥ 1% were considered positive. OS was defined as the time from the start of first-line treatment for advanced disease until death from any cause or last patient visit by January 2019. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the OS function and the Log-rank test was used for survival curve comparison. The association between demographic, clinical or biomarker information and survival was investigated with the Cox model. The proportional hazards assumption was tested using Schoenfeld residuals. Results were reported as hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
| 4 | 0biomedical
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304,112 |
Fourteen days after stress initiation, crown root tips were dissected from both well-watered and stressed 50-day-old plants and were immediately snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen, and then stored at −80°C. Root tip samples were collected from three zones: two consecutive 5 mm sections (Z1 and Z2) and the following next 10 mm section (Z3) (Figure 1B). Only the root tips located in one third of the bottom of root boxes, were considered for sampling. Three biological replicates were considered for each genotype/zone/condition. Biological replicates were collected on different dates (12 days) and pooled, separately, to allow for day-to-day variation within each genotype/zone/condition and other environmental variables. Approximately root tip sections of 70 plants were pooled as a biological replicate.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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213,596 |
As the key regulators of transcription, TFs play an important role in the physiological regulation of plants (Olsen et al., 2005; Zhou and Memelink 2016). Our results (Figure 3) suggested Rlk-pelle-dlsv, C3H, SNF2, and MYB-related transcription factors were the main types in the Lm-type cultivar. Transcription factors of rlk-pelle-dlsv, camk-camkl-chk1, MYB-related bHLH, and other types were mainly expressed in the normal castor cultivar. We speculate that the difference in TFs has a significant effect on the difference in morphology. Similarly, as the important regulator, the number of lncRNA was very different: there were 285 lincRNA, 58 antisense-lncRNA, 7 intronic-lncRNA, and 166 sense_lncRNA in the Lm-type cultivar, while 60, 22, 3, and 49 in the normal castor cultivar, respectively. Emerging work has revealed that many types of lncRNA regulate gene expression and have a great influence on genome stability in plants (Wang and Chekanova 2017; Sun et al., 2018). Studies on Arabidopsis show that lncRNA can serve as a molecular sponge and as a decoy, functioning in the regulation of transcription and silencing, particularly in RNA-directed DNA methylation, and in epigenetic regulation of flowering time (Zhao et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2019). Many plants reduce the expression of some lncRNAs to affect developmental phenotypes or molecular changes (Wang et al., 2014). We speculate that these regulators also played an important role in the growth and development of castor, and contribute significantly to phenotypic differences of Lm-type and normal cultivars.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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311,708 |
Besides, it has been shown that TLR antagonists or negative regulator agonists can play a key role in treatment, or as an auxiliary vaccine to increase the immune response against parasites . Recent findings have indicated that the E/S products of E. granulosus PSCs stimulate B cells to secrete IL-10 via TLR-2 signaling . On the one hand, our findings have recently indicated an interesting association between TLR2 and TLR4polymorphisms and their susceptibility to chronic CE . The assessment of TLR4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms in patients with recurrent hydatidosis (RH), acute hydatidosis (AH) and healthy groups indicated that the A/G genotype and mutant allele G of TLR4 Asp299Gly have a tendency to be associated with the occurrence of RH and conferred a 3-fold risk for CE susceptibility, whereas the TLR4 Thr399Ile haplotype has been observed only in a patient with pulmonary hydatidosis . In addition, the homozygous mutant-type TLR2Arg753Gln haplotype (Gln/Gln; A/A) has been indicated to be strongly associated with the occurrence of RH (Pv: 0.04), conferring a 9-fold increased risk of susceptibility . The mutant allele A of TLR2Arg753Gln has been shown to be a strong risk factor for susceptibility to RH .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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318,174 |
A similar study was presented in , where that authors also utilized a deep learning framework for emotion recognition tested on the DEAP dataset. Their innovation was clear in the feature extraction technique as they mapped spatial characteristics, frequency domain, and temporal characteristics in two-dimensional images. Additionally, they made a significant contribution by proposing a hybrid neural network called CLRNN, which integrates Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) and Long Short-Term-Memory (LSTM) Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN). This network managed to achieve an average classification accuracy of 75.21%. Moreover, in , the authors investigated the possibility of measuring situational interest in classrooms. EEG signals of 43 students were decomposed using Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), while T-tests and Receiver Operator Characteristics (ROC) were used to rank the resulting Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs). For each participant, a matrix of the best six features from four EEG channels. These features were used to build classification models with both Support Vector Machine (SVM) and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) classifiers with 10 cross-validations. SVM outperformed KNN as the SVM model achieved an accuracy of 93.3% and 87.5% for two different data sets collected by the authors. KNN achieved a lower accuracy of 87.5% and 86.7% over the same two data sets. Another interesting finding of the study is that gamma and delta bands are the most efficient in detecting situational interest.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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350,007 |
As mentioned in Section 2.2.1, we choose a PPD rate and with PPD and PMV functions we calculate the necessary thermal load . To make a map between PPD, PMV, thermal energy and temperature, we consider the fundamentals of thermal conduction. Room size, wall quality and inside and outside temperatures have direct impact on thermal loss. From , (7)Qpower=Croom×dθroomdt is used to calculate the thermal power needed to change the room temperature θInside to the preferred temperature θpreferred at a specific rate dθroomdt, where Croom is the room thermal capacity . The power leakage is determined via (8)Qleak=θOutside−θInsideR, where θOutside is the outdoor temperature and R is the room’s thermal resistance. In our model we are using both formulations with regard to ASHRAE standard room temperature.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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380,477 |
However, Tables 10 and 11 present the outcomes of each squared error that are RMSE and RRSE individually. Here, the outcomes of squared error are different than outcomes of absolute error. While calculating RMSE or RRSE in both cases, RF produces better results for three datasets that are JM1, KC3, and MC1, RBF for two datasets that are CM1 and KC2, whereas MLP and CDT for only one dataset separately that are AR3 and AR1, respectively. Although, this analysis shows the best performance of RF as compared to other employed ML techniques.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
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61,393 |
To further demonstrate that PDGFRα inhibition is responsible for the inhibitory effects of DHA on cell growth and migration, we silenced the expression of PDGFRα in A2780 and OVCAR3 cells using specific shRNAs (Figure 3a), and found that PDGFRα knockdown led to cell growth arrest (Figure 3b) and repressed cell migration (Figure 3c). The exogenous PDGFRα stable expressing SK-OV3 cells were generated and then were tested for sensitivity to DHA. As shown in Figure 3d, DHA decreased the expression of exogenous PDGFRα in a dose-dependent manner. SK-OV3 cells expressing PDGFRα showed enhanced growth and migration ability related to the cell stably transfected with control vector (Figure 3e and f). Treatment with DHA could significantly decrease the growth and motility of PDGFRα-expressing SK-OV3 cells but had less effect on PDGFRα-null cells (Figure 3e and f).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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279,457 |
Overall schematic representation of the study. Saline-HIEC and the following week Intralipid-HIEC clamp were performed. All the study participants umderwent eight weeks of chronic exercises training. Following this Saline-HIEC and the following week Intralipid-HIEC clamp were performed to assess the effect of exercise on insulin sensitivity
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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111,468 |
Schwarz and Shaw (1998) list Ichneumon armatorius Fabricius, 1787, as a synonym of Cryptus spinosus but Horstmann (Horstmann 1982, Horstmann 2001a) treats it as a species of Hoplismenus (Ichneumoninae), tentatively as a synonym of albifrons (Gravenhorst) (as axillatorius (Thunberg))
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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216,545 |
Total RNA was extracted using TRIzol reagent (Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY, USA) and treated with DNase I. RNA quality was analyzed on a 1% denaturating EtBr-agarose gel, and the quantity was measured using Gene Quant pro (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Uppsala, Sweden). For MsrA, cDNA was synthesized from total RNA using a random MsrA forward primer for MsrA, and an actin forward primer for actin. The PCR reactions using Taq polymerase were as follows: MsrA: denaturation for 3 min, 95 °C; PCR: 45 cycles (3 min, 95 °C; 30 s, 59 °C; 1 min, 72 °C), followed by elongation: 10 min, 72 °C. MsrB: denaturation for 7 min, 94 °C; PCR: 40 cycles (1 min, 94 °C; 45 s, 55 °C; 1.0 min, 72 °C), followed by elongation: 10 min, 72 °C. For actin, PCR was conducted for 40 cycles (1 min, 94° C; 2 min, 57 °C; 3 min, 72 °C). The following primers were employed: MsrA: 5′-TTCTGTTGTGATT-GTGCCAAA-3′ (forward) and 5′-GGACACAGAT-GGTTTTATTTGGT-3′ (reverse); actin primers: 5′-CACCAACTGGGACGACATGG-3′ (forward) and 5′-GTCGGC-CAGCTCGTAGCTCT-3′ (reverse). For MsrB, a comparative alignment was performed between species (E. coli, mouse, human) where MsrB has been sequenced, searching for conserved regions using ClustalX v.1.81 and Genedoc v.2.6.002 (http://www.psc.edu/biomed/genedoc, accessed on 16 February 2009). Primers specific to turtle MsrB cDNA were designed from a partial cDNA sequence that was obtained previously by RT-PCR analysis of turtle brain mRNA using degenerate primers homologous to MsrB sequences from frog, mouse and human. Turtle brain-specific MsrB primers were: 5′-TCCACGTTAGTCCCTGTTCA-3′ (forward) and 5′-CTTTGAGCGTCTCGAATCT-3′ (reverse). Controls in which RNA or RT was omitted from the RT reaction were carried out to confirm the absence of residual genomic DNA. Following electrophoresis of PCR products, gels were stained with ethidium bromide and digitally photographed for quantification using NIH Image J 1.60 software. For semi-quantitative assessment of MsrA and MsrB RT-PCR, signal intensities were expressed as a ratio of levels of PCR products amplified from turtle actin cDNAs.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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89,419 |
Effect of microgravity on cellular and organ functions that depend on ion channels. Gravity affects ion-channel-dependent physiological functions at all level of organization, from the membrane and the channels to the whole organism (left column). The middle column indicates microgravity induced effects and the right column indicate the specimen in which these effects have been observed. The images (left column) illustrate representative structures of microgravity exposed specimens
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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364,903 |
Bio-layer interferometry experiments were conducted using a BLItz system equipped with Dip-and-Read Streptavidin (SA) Biosensors (ForteBio). BLItz monitors wavelength shifts (response, unit: nm) resulting from changes in the optical thickness of the sensor surface during association or dissociation of the analyte over time to obtain kinetics data i.e., koff and kon of interactions. The streptavidin biosensor (ForteBio) was hydrated in a binding buffer [100 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, and 0.005% Tween 20] for at least 10 min before each experiment. Biotinylated dsDNA was immobilized onto the surface of the SA biosensor through a cycle of Baseline (30 s), Association (120 s), and Dissociation (120 s). Briefly, the tip of the biosensor was dipped into a low salt buffer for 30 s to establish the baseline, then to 1 μM biotinylated dsDNA for 120 s, and finally to a low salt binding buffer for 120 s to allow for dissociation. Biotinylated dsDNA harboring parS, NBS, or variant of such sites were prepared by annealing a 24-bp biotinylated oligo with its unmodified complementary strand in an annealing buffer [1 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0 and 5 mM NaCl]. The oligos mixture was heated to 98°C for 2 min and allowed to cool down to room temperature overnight.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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227,749 |
Lectins are proteins or glycoproteins that have at least one carbohydrate or derivative binding site and are different from immunoglobulin in nature and do not have the function of catalytic enzymes. They can specifically recognize and bind to sugars or sugar chains without changing the covalent structure . Lectins are widely distributed in nature, ranging from microorganisms to animals and plants. It was named lectin because it can agglutinate blood cells and make the blood cells show reticular sedimentation . Fungi lectins are the most studied in the past decades and show different structures, functions, and carbohydrate-binding specificities . Lectins have usually been used as a tool to distinguish between cell types and have been involved in several biological activities such as mitogenic , anti-insect , anti-inflammatory , antimicrobial , and antitumor activities. Undoubtedly, lectins can serve as a therapeutic goldmine in the near future. In the past decade, a flux of interest in the study of lectins from natural sources has been observed . Fungi have not only turned into a rich hotspot for new lectins with extraordinary sugar specificities but have also turned into potential candidates for biomedical applications . Many microfungal strains from Fusarium sp. [11–13] and Penicillium sp. [14–16] have been investigated for lectin activity. Various fungal lectins exhibit interesting physiological impacts such as mitogenic incitement of lymphocytes/splenocytes , suppression of cancer cell proliferation , and as immunomodulators . In the study on the inhibition of tumor activity of lectin, Li et al. found that feeding mice Pleurotus citrinopileatus lectin at a dose of 5 mg/kg per day for 20 days could effectively inhibit the growth of 80% mouse sarcoma . Li et al. found that purified Hericium erinaceus lectin with a molecular weight of 51 kDa could inhibit the proliferation of human liver cancer HepG2 and human breast cancer McF-7 cells . Gondim et al. found that lectin in the seeds of a Brazilian fruit could inhibit the proliferation of human ovarian cancer A2780, lung cancer A549, breast cancer McF-7, and prostate cancer PC3 cells. In addition, lectin could block the retention of ovarian cancer cells in the G2/M phase, activate the expression of caspase 9, and delay cell apoptosis after 24 h of lectin action . Chakkere et al. found that lectin in the fruit of Indian schistosomes could effectively inhibit the growth of human chronic myeloid leukemia K562, human colon cancer HT29, human cervical cancer HeLA, and human breast cancer McF-7 cells . Lacerda et al. found that when the concentration of lectin was 100 mg/mL, it could inhibit 83% of mouse melanoma cells; lectin also had a protective effect on the stomach . Liao et al. found that mussel lectin could bind to Gb3 on tumor cells and promote apoptosis of breast cancer cells .
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
123,789 |
Also looking forward, L. pneumophila str. Toronto‐2005 holds significant promise as an experimental model to study CRISPR‐Cas adaptation. Efficient spacer acquisition has been observed in other bacteria using either phage‐mediated selection (Barrangou et al., 2007), overexpression of Cas1 and Cas2 (Yosef et al., 2012) or by taking advantage of the ability of inefficient targeting to prime the secondary acquisition events (Datsenko et al., 2012). We observe robust spacer acquisition events through priming, which to the best of our knowledge is the first direct experimental evidence for spacer acquisition in a type I‐C CRISPR‐Cas system. Notably, priming is likely biologically relevant to L. pneumophila spacer acquisition. Multiple L. pneumophila CRISPR‐Cas arrays have multiple spacers targeting LME‐1 (Fig. 4B) and two pairs of CRISPR spacers actually target overlapping regions – one interpretation of which is that the older imperfectly targeted protospacers may have induced the acquisition of new spacers (Fig. 7). Careful observation of sequence bias and strand preference of acquired spacers in this system holds the potential to provide critical mechanistic insight into the process of adaptation, just as it has for several other CRISPR‐Cas systems (Datsenko et al., 2012; Li et al., 2014; Richter et al., 2014; Redding et al., 2015). From the limited number of laboratory‐acquired spacers that we have examined so far, we observe a mild strand preference for spacer acquisition (from the same strand as the priming sequence) but no enrichment for spacers in proximity to the priming site (Fig. 3B).
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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165,468 |
Therefore, climate change threatens the existence of species like M. nigriceps, whose historical shortfalls in identification and sampling have been remedied only recently. The results of the current study highlight the need to intensify field studies so that conservation actions can be prepared for other species in similar situations. For these, ENM can assist in identifying both study areas, and priority sites for the effective conservation of such species . For M. nigriceps, the loss of an AES within its current range represents a threat to the existence of the local population, which can be a prelude to the extinction of the species as a whole .
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
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302,625 |
I appreciate that these studies are not yet publicly available (though I'm sure the author would share their thesis manuscript if asked), and the point is not to undermine the current study. In fact, both lines of research seem to agree in their results. My intention is just to flag this converging evidence, and to ask the current authors whether there is a way of harnessing their current data to investigate the question about modal possibility, in addition to temporal distance.”
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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282,040 |
On the other hand, there have been documented cases of FS following herpes zoster infection . These patients, a two-year-old girl and a 27-year-old man, were diagnosed and treated for herpes zoster in the distribution of the mandibular nerve. After three and twelve months, respectively, they reported symptoms of gustatory sweating in the regions previously affected by herpes zoster. These symptoms persisted for up to seven years. Both patients were subsequently able to achieve adequate symptomatic control with conservative measures.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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136,078 |
100 non-demented PD patients were selected by pre-screening neurological function confirming PD diagnosis following United Kingdom Brain-Bank criteria (Hughes et al., 1992). All patients received a lumbar puncture at least six weeks before the baseline visit and were between 50 and 85 years old. Patients were able to communicate well with the investigator, understand study requirements and give written informed consent. Diagnosis of PDD according to the Movement Disorder Society (MDS) Task Force criteria (Emre et al., 2007), other concomitant neurodegenerative diseases as well as substance abuse (except nicotine) led to participant exclusion.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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36,348 |
Recently, production imitation of (novel) motor behaviors has also been reported in an experimental study of another delphinid species, the killer whale, Orcinus orca . The present experimental study of (familiar) motor imitation focuses on another toothed cetacean, the beluga (Delphinapterus leucas), a species whose social behavior is poorly known . Two recent studies have reported that belugas can imitate sounds from a variety of sources, including human speech . Ridgway et al. reported that a beluga spontaneously imitated human sounds and investigated the physical mechanisms that the beluga used to produce speech-like sounds. Murayama et al. tested the ability of a male beluga to copy familiar conspecific sounds, novel artificial (computer-generated) sounds and human speech. They found that their study subject succeeded at imitating both familiar and novel sounds.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
77,895 |
Among nine of the DECGs encoding for molecular markers of oxidative stress (Table 1), only cytochrome C peroxidase (FP0568), a probable peroxiredoxin (FP0702), and a probable thioredoxin (FP2103) were significantly up-regulated in mature biofilms to deal with reactive oxygen species (ROS, e.g., H2O2). This finding suggests two possibilities, (i) that the degree of oxidative damage during biofilm formation was insufficient to induce a joint overexpression of these 9 DECGs as a single and coordinated scavenging system of ROS, or (ii) that a different set of proteins copes with oxidative stress in biofilm cells, as compared to planktonic cells. Nevertheless, oxidative damage should have a bacteriostatic rather than bactericidal effect in bacterial cells whether stress-defense mechanisms are fully functional (e.g., DNA repair; Imlay, 2015). Recently, it has been hypothesized that biofilms exploit ROS to activate signaling pathways that affect the production of extracellular polymeric substances and biofilm heterogeneity to adapt to changing conditions (Gambino and Cappitelli, 2016). For instance, sub-inhibitory concentrations of Ag-NPs stimulated the production of ROS in Bacillus subtilis biofilms but not in planktonic cells, which was also accompanied by the expression of proteins involved in quorum sensing and oxidative stress response in sessile cells, including thioredoxin (Gambino et al., 2015). Therefore, if thioredoxin-like proteins (in our case FP2103) are involved (via ROS) in signaling that controls the biofilm formation by F. psychrophilum, for example, through two-component systems (Hesami et al., 2011; Levipan and Avendaño-Herrera, 2017), is a topic that remains to be elucidated. On the other hand, DECGs encoding proteins with roles in the adaptive response of F. psychrophilum to temperature shifts (Duchaud et al., 2007) such as chaperone proteins DnaJ (FP0670), GrpE (FP0671), DnaK (FP0864), HtpG (FP1509), and GroS/GroL chaperonin GroES/GroEL (FP1984 and FP1985, respectively) were significantly down-regulated in mature biofilms (Table 1). These stress-induced proteins ensure cell protein homeostasis by preventing polypeptide aggregation and misfolding (Hartl et al., 2011). Therefore, under a condition of overall reduction of protein synthesis machinery in F. psychrophilum biofilms (Table 1), a significant expression of DECGs encoding products with roles in polypeptide homeostasis would mean an unnecessary energetic cost for sessile cells, which could explain these findings.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
43,011 |
IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that has been found to be a strong suppressor of immune function. IL-10 is thought to mediate anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive actions of monocytes at least in part by down-regulating surface expression of MHCII molecules . Accordingly, and in contrast to the stimulatory cytokines, IL-10 exposure results in large decreases of surface HLA-DR expression, and decreases in HLA-DM expression in all 3 subsets. The CLIP:HLA-DR ratio was also decreased in all 3 subsets, indicating that reduction in antigen presentation role in all monocytes in the IL-10 microenvironment.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
304,334 |
SMase activity was visualized by a fluorometric acid SMase detection kit (Cayman Chemicals, Ann Arbor, MI, USA) according to the instructions provided. The kit utilizes coupled enzymatic reactions, which produce a fluorescent product monitoring the sample’s sphingomyelinase activity. Released SMase activity was measured from the cell media of the irritated primary human aortic endothelial cells (HAoEC) or PC-3 cells. The different doses ranging from 0 to 30 Gy were used, the fluorescent signal intensity correlating with SMase enzyme activity was measured with a Tecan Saphire plate reader 10 min after irradiation.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
263,844 |
The experimental result obtained from BATMOMA is displayed in Table 1, and the comparative results with previous works are displayed in Table 2. In Table 1, three sets of knockout listed are interpreted as the best production of succinate where all the suggested genes were being knocked out. Mutant A shows the removal of fum and zwf gene resulted in a production of succinate at 6.693 mmol gDW−1 h−1 and a growth rate of 0.4352 h−1. Fum represent fumarase, whose function is to reversibly convert fumarate into malate. Removal of fum enhances succinate production due to interruption of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle caused by its deletion. As a result, the concentration of fumarate increases, resulting in an increase in succinate production. Furthermore, fumarate is a byproduct of several biosynthetic pathways, and it can only be converted into the desired metabolite succinate . Next, zwf gene which converts glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) into ribulose-5-phosphate (Ru5P) and CO2 and generates NADPH that enter the glycolytic pathway for further metabolism. Removal of zwf would result in non-operational pentose phosphate pathway and subsequently increase the activity of citric acid cycle .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
115,998 |
In relation to the additional variables, there was no difference in smoking status between cases and controls, with smoking prevalence declining for each life period, from 43% when aged 31 to 40 years to negligible proportions in older age groups. Among 86 women reporting data for the 61 to 70 year life period, only two reported smoking. Low activity level was positively associated with BMI in both cases and controls when the participants were aged 41 to 50 years (p < 0.05), but only in controls between the ages of 41 and 70 years (p < 0.005).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
144,583 |
It has been reported that in response to hypoxia induction, membranous Claudin-5 in the vascular endothelial cells is packaged by Cav-1-composed caveolae and is then endocytosed into the cytoplasm, where it is eventually degraded by autophagosomes or autolysosomes (Liu et al., 2012, 2016). Therefore, we next asked whether the expression and localization of Cav-1 in hypoxia-treated bEnd.3 cells will be altered since Claudin-5 is absent. To this end, an immunofluorescence staining against Cav-1 was first performed in Claudin-5wt and Claudin-5112Δ5 bEnd.3 cells after 4 or 6h hypoxia induction. The results indicated that most of the Cav-1 still localized in the membrane of Claudin-5112Δ5 bEnd.3 cells due to the loss of Claudin-5, and that the Cav-1, which colocalized with Claudin-5 in the cytosol of Claudin-5wt bEnd.3 cells was much more than that in Claudin-5112Δ5 bEnd.3 cells in response to hypoxia for 4 and 6h (Figure 3A). There was no significant effect of accumulation or endocytosis of Cav-1 in bEnd.3 Claudin-5112Δ5 cells in response to hypoxia for 4 and 6h (Figure 3A). The protein level of Cav-1 in the cell membrane and cytoplasm was also quantified by immunoblotting analyses. The results confirmed that due to lack of Claudin-5, there was almost no loss of membranous Cav-1 post-hypoxia induction for 6h, and there was no significant accumulation of Cav-1 in the cytoplasm either in comparison with that of the Claudin-5wt bEnd.3 cells (Figure 3B). These results confirmed that Cav-1 is mainly responsible for the endocytosis of membranous Claudin-5 in response to hypoxia induction, while in the absence of Claudin-5, the delocalization of Cav-1 from endothelial membrane is sufficiently inhibited.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
1,785 |
Simulations of demographic expansion under different values of τ reveal that the standard homoplasy index P is not strongly correlated with TS, which measures the underestimation of τ due to homoplasy (Fig. 2a, Pearson’s ρ = −0.1282, p-value = 4.8*10−5). Contrarily, MSH and DH,have a stronger correlation with an underestimation of τ, where MSH has a slightly lower correlation with TS (Fig. 2b, ρ = 0.6903, p-value <2.2*10−16) than DH, which has the strongest correlation with TS of all the homoplasy measures inspected (Fig. 2c, ρ = 0.6989, p-value <2.2*10−16). Correlation between the latter two measures was strong (0.9208), whereas neither of them was strongly correlated with P (ρ between MSH and P = −0.2685; ρ between DH and P = −0.0977). Simulations with a higher value of θ 1 = 60 (Additional file 1: Figure S4), produced a nearly identical relationship between DH, MSH and TS (ρ between P and TS = −0.2617; ρ between MSH and TS = 0.8673; ρ between DH and TS = 0.8777), showing that DH and MSH are robust predictors of an underestimation of τ while P is not.Fig. 2Linear relationship between TS and three measures of homoplasy: a P (ρ = −0.1282, intercept = 0.3783, slope = −0.2509, p-value = 4.83e−5), b MSH (ρ =0.6903, intercept = 0.0893, slope = 0.9868, p-value <2.2e−16) and c DH (ρ =0.6989, intercept = −0.0541, slope = 1.1424, p-value <2.2e−16) in 999 simulations made with the demographic parameters θ 0 = 0.03, θ 1 = 30 and 10 different values of τ
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
390,365 |
We analyzed each behavioral trait separately. For nest displacement, we could estimate variance on the between-colony and within-colony level, thus the models were built in the same way as described above, the only difference being that colony identity was fitted as a sole random intercept. Aggression, meandering, and nest displacement were log-transformed to achieve normality. Behavioral scores and continuous fixed effects were centered (standardized to mean = 0, standard deviation = 1) to aid model fitting and to facilitate comparison of variance parameters. Therefore, variances of random intercepts in the mean model can be interpreted as proportions of the total phenotypic variances of the dataset. The normality of random effects and the residual variation were checked visually in plots of predicted random effect values fitted versus residual values. All parameters were given uninformative priors. Model code is available via the Supplementary Material.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
195,905 |
Our results showed a high sensitivity to detect changes between healed and unhealed ulcers in the social life, well-being, and physical domains. This is similar to the other translated versions of the CWIS, except for the original English questionnaire which did not find differences between both groups in any domain .
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
240,266 |
As an outcome of this rapid realist review, the programme theory generated is that "health professions educators in low- and middle-income countries (context) can develop professional and inter-personal skills (outcome) through a well-designed, specifically constructed online community that prioritises active discussion (mechanism)".
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
348,503 |
Analogous to the immunomodulatory features seen for resident PDL cells in the periodontium, microglia exhibit similar characteristics in the central nervous system (CNS). There, they regulate the primary events of neuroinflammatory responses and influence host defense mechanisms as much as tissue repair . Upon pathological stimuli, microglia rapidly transform from a resting to an activated state enabling them to proliferation, migration, cytokine release and phagocytosis [19, 20]. A key marker for activated microglia and its accompanying features is ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA-1), whose expression is supposed to be restricted to this cell type, and which is involved in the dynamic remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton underlying the mobilization process . The activation states of microglia involve a phenotypic polarization into a neurotoxic M1 phenotype with production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNFα and IL-1ß, and a neuroprotective M2 phenotype with expression of anti-inflammatory factors facilitating repair mechanisms . At this juncture, a multitude of investigations recently put a main focus on the endocannabinoid system. Particularly AEA represents a promising target in the guidance of microglial polarization, as they express both cannabinoid receptors that could potentially modulate their immunological features . As PDL cells and microglia represent two resident cell types manifesting similarities in their immunomodulatory behavior, we postulate the thesis that the immunological features of PDL cells might also be modulated by the endocannabinoid system, as it can be seen for microglia. Thus, a potential interaction between the inflammatory response of PDL cells and the endocannabinoid system might represent a promising modulatory target in periodontal immunology.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
77,647 |
Currently, the commercial assays available on the market for HCV genotyping include: 1) the INNO-LiPA HCV v.2.0 (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Eragny, France); 2) The TRUGENE HCV Genotyping Assay (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Eragny, France); 3) the Abbott Real-Time HCV Genotype II assay (Abbott Molecular, Des Plaines, IL, USA).
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
130,088 |
The FGC was specifically built before the experiment started and was located in a room in front of the Neurorehabilitation ward. Thus, either a nurse or a physician was on-call if medical problems (including hypertension) occurred in patients attending the training. The participants attended biweekly meetings (every Tuesday and Thursday, in either the morning (h 12–14) or the afternoon (h 18–20)) for 12 consecutive weeks, in addition to standard neurorehabilitation. During the FGC sessions, a skilled psychiatric therapist and a psychologist held a specific focus group (including the two therapists, one or more caregivers, and the patients) to meet the needs of ABI patients and their caregivers. Before joining the group, despite the safety of the glass cabin, the caregivers were submitted to a molecular swab. The focus group is a research technique used to collect data through group interaction. The group comprises a small number of carefully selected people to identify and explore how people think and behave, posing why, what, and how questions.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
301,127 |
The transcriptional regulation of flavonol biosynthesis is mainly achieved by the combinatorial action(s) of MYB11, MYB12, and MYB111, which belong to subgroup 7 (SG7) of the R2R3-MYB transcription factor family (Mehrtens et al., 2005; Stracke et al., 2007). However, the myb11/myb12/myb111 triple mutant of A. thaliana retains its pollen flavonol composition (Stracke et al., 2010). This led to the discovery of MYB99, MYB21, and MYB24, which together control flavonol biosynthesis in anthers and pollen (Battat et al., 2019; Shan et al., 2020). MYB21, MYB24, and the SG7 MYBs function as independent transcriptional activators (Mehrtens et al., 2005; Stracke et al., 2007; Shan et al., 2020). The SG7 MYBs can activate all genes belonging to flavonol biosynthesis including CHS, CHI, F3H, and FLS (Mehrtens et al., 2005; Stracke et al., 2007). Recently, direct activation of AthFLS1 by AthMYB21 and AthMYB24 was shown in A. thaliana (Shan et al., 2020).
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
204,119 |
We generated a library of candidate channels that was initially based on a literature survey of naturally occurring ion channels and other membrane proteins that have been suggested to display mechanosensitive or ultrasound sensitive properties18–21,68,69. From this initial list, related channels and variants from different species were selected, resulting in a final set of 191 proteins (Supplementary Table S1). Each channel was codon optimized for expression in human cells and cloned into a custom bicistronic pcDNA3.1(+) vector using a porcine teschovirua-1 2 A self-cleaving peptide (p2A) sequence, expressing the channel and the fluorescent protein dTomato under a human cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. All plasmids were generated by Genscript Biotech (New Jersey, United States).
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
283,593 |
When growing BSC8_SORE+/Clone 10 cells on plastic, we observed an increase in the intraclonal cell heterogeneity. The levels of dsGFP expression visibly changed. During the flow cytometry analysis, we found the presence of 2 cell populations with 100× differences in the degree of fluorescence. The number of brightly fluorescent cells was twice as low as the number of cells with low level of GFP expression (Figure 1D).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
338,298 |
Radiological examination of the hip with x-rays is usually normal. Sometimes, it reveals calcification adjacent the GT and can also exclude common differentials including hip osteoarthritis, femoroacetabular impingement, and fractures . Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US) examination can detect peritrochanteric edema and gluteal tendinopathy. US can better detect calcifications than MRI and is very useful during aspiration and local injections . MRI provides detailed soft tissue examination and can play an important role in differential diagnosis .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
361,109 |
Semiconductor lasers are vital in modern optoelectronics and photonics, and there is a strong interest in integrating nanolasers in chip-scale systems to realize next generation of applications in optoelectronics and photonics, such as optical interconnects for data transfer . One promising route to realizing integrated nanolasers is by using semiconductor nanowires which can confine and guide optical fields and act as the gain medium . Semiconductor nanowires can be fabricated not only by top-down etching but also by bottom-up growth via either metallic nanoparticles (vapor–liquid–solid growth, VLS ) or mask-based selectivity (selective-area epitaxy growth, SAE ). In particular, bottom-up grown group III–V compound semiconductors offer gain media spanning the visible and near-infrared wavelength range while also allowing integration on the technologically important silicon substrates .
| 4 | 2other
| 0Study
|
159,816 |
For small pile loads, i.e., N2(s)≅0 settlement is determined by the diagonal asymptote that is defined by the factor C2 because s=C2N2 according to Figure 16. This asymptote is the result of the simultaneous interaction of the pile skin and base expressed as the inverse of the Winkler coefficient, Equation (13), relating the resistance components of the pile skin and base. (13)1C2=1C1+1Ct where: Ct—constant of an oblique asymptote referring to skin friction, mm/kN.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
184,731 |
In the pilot study, a single 20 mg/kg (i.p.) dose of PTZ was needed to induce absence seizures in PVCre/Gq-DREADD and non-DREADD mice. However, a dose of 20 mg/kg also induced tonic-clonic seizures. Higher doses of PTZ (30 mg/kg and above) induced severe tonic-clonic seizures. Other studies have also reported that the severity and behavioral features of PTZ-induced seizures vary with the concentration/dose of PTZ, also genotype and age of mouse (Van Erum et al., 2020). Similar dose/response variability have also been reported in rats (Klioueva et al., 2001; Lüttjohann et al., 2009). In our study seizures were categorized on the basis of their EEG waveform profile and behavioral features during simultaneous EEG/video recordings; notably SWD and behavioral arrest were classified as absence seizures. Administration of 20 mg/kg PTZ has been reported to induce SWDs with behavioral arrest in Tau58/4 transgenic mice (Van Erum et al., 2019). Likewise, i.p. administration of 25 mg/kg PTZ into leptin-deficient mice and their wild-type counterparts induced absence seizures, myoclonic seizures, generalized clonic and clonic–tonic seizures but the proportion of absence seizures were higher (Erbayat-Altay et al., 2008). Importantly, in our current study, the proportion of absence and tonic-clonic seizures after PTZ treatment (i.p., 20 mg/kg, on day 1) in PVCre/Gq-DREADD and non-DREADD WT control animals was not significantly different. Thus, it can be concluded that injection of low dose PTZ (20 mg/kg) in our study was optimum for inducing absence seizures (albeit mixed with some other seizure types) in both PVCre/Gq-DREADD and non-DREADD mice to test the impact of FFI on absence seizure generation and severity.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
126,052 |
For meniscus scaffolds made of PCL, scaffold pore size influences ECM production, cell behavior, biomechanics, and hence successful repair. A scaffold with an average pore size of 215 μm not only has good tensile and compressive properties but can also promote proliferation and differentiation of MSCs (Zhang et al., 2016). A meniscus scaffold has been constructed of agarose and gelatin methacrylic acid (GelMA) hydrogels printed on both sides of a PCL scaffold. Production of glycosaminoglycans and type II collagen was promoted by agarose, while GelMA promoted production of type I collagen (Bahcecioglu et al., 2019). In addition, a scaffold made by placing silk fibroin on both sides of a 3D-printed PCL mesh also has good biocompatibility and is more suitable for tissue infiltration and blood vessel formation (Cengiz et al., 2019).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
175,454 |
Bland-Altman plot: Comparison between urine inorganic phosphorus (P) concentrations in samples without and with acidification in all samples. Dotted line – line of equality. Solid line – line of mean difference. Dash-dotted line - regression line of differences with 95% confidence interval (presented as continuous lines). SD - standard deviation.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
360,646 |
In order to validate the association between LOC389641 expression and survival discovered from the above analyzed RNAseq and microarray datasets, we performed qRT-PCR in an independent cohort of tissue samples from UM including 101 AD and 27 normal lung tissues. We found that LOC389641 was significantly increased in ADs (vs normal lung tissues) (p < 0.01, Figure 2A). ROC curve analysis revealed the AUC value was 0.87 thus indicating LOC389641 expression could significantly separate the ADs from normal lung tissues (Figure 2B). Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis indicated that higher LOC389641 expression was unfavorable for patient survival in this validation cohort (Figure 2C).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
25,762 |
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) treatment protects against cICH-induced brain injury. (A) NAD+ level in brain tissue was measured at 2 hours after injection of NMN from tail vein. *P < 0.05 vs Vehicle; NS, no significance. N = 6 per group. (B) Brain hematoma volume at 24 hours after cICH. n = 8 per group. (C) Body weight at 24 hours after cICH. ***P < 0.001 vs Sham, n = 22, 60 and 63 in Sham, cICH + Vehicle and cICH + NMN groups respectively. (D) Hemoglobin content at 24 hours after cICH. n = 8 per group. (E) Brain water content at 24 hours after cICH in cortex and striatum. **P < 0.01 cICH + Vehicle vs Sham, *P < 0.05 cICH + NMN vs cICH + Vehicle, n = 8. (F) Neurological deficit was evaluated by beam walking test at 24 hours after cICH. **P < 0.01, n = 26, 69 and 73 in Sham, cICH + Vehicle and cICH + NMN groups respectively. NS, no significance.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
264,750 |
We further examined TEM to observe microstructural changes (Figure 2d–g). In the temperature range in which the condensation of melamine progressed, β‐Ni(OH)2‐Mel_330 and 440 appeared as amorphous aggregates, which is similar to that observed in the heat‐treated sample at 320 °C (Figure 2d,e). As shown in Figure 2f, spherical nickel carbide nanoparticles were observed when the temperature reached 600 °C. In particular, it can be noted that g‐C3N4 began to grow in an unusual 1D form around the nanoparticles. The morphological features of β‐Ni(OH)2‐Mel_600 maintained up to 800 °C (Figure S8, Supporting Information). At 900 °C, g‐C3N4 was decomposed to form a highly crystalline graphitic structure and reduce nickel carbide to nickel, thereby completing a uniform and unprecedented carbon nanostructure (Figure 2g).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
224,004 |
No significant differences were found between vessels with and without Alloderm for suture retention (Fig. 7). Average suture retention for vessels without Alloderm (n = 3) was 7.73 ± 2.01 g-force. Average suture retention for vessels with Alloderm (n = 3) was 9.83 ± 2.25 g-force. In both vessel groups, suture retention failure points occurred in the area between the rings, at about 1 to 2 rings above the suture. However, there was a significant difference between burst pressure between vessels with and without Alloderm, with values of 51.3 ± 2.19 mmHg and 47.0 ± 1.14 mmHg, respectively (Fig. 8).Figure 7Average suture retention strength of engineered vessels increased with inclusion of Alloderm. Suture retention testing was performed on standard vessels (n = 5) and Alloderm vessels (n = 5). One end of the vessel was fixed to the tensile testing machine with sandpaper, with the suture glued to the other hook as shown. Both vessels experienced similar force output trends with respect to displacement. Alloderm vessels had a higher average maximum force compared to standard vessels. Scale bars = 1 cm.Figure 8Burst pressure testing of engineered vessels. Standard vessels without (n = 5) and with Alloderm (n = 5) were placed under increasing pulsatile flow until failure. Vessels are shown loaded into the custom perfusion system used to perform the burst pressure tests. Alloderm vessels had significantly higher burst pressure compared to vessels without Alloderm (*p < 0.005). Scale bars = 1 cm.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
317,692 |
Challenges in BC clinical care reported by the providers included patient education; treatment decision making, specifically in the context of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and urinary diversion; clinical care of patients failing intravesical therapies for NMIBC in the geriatric population; smoking cessation and psychological distress; and patient adherence to cancer surveillance. Although all providers reported high acceptability of the content, structure, and potential use of the BC-SCP, challenges and concerns about using the BC-SCP in the clinical setting was reported. These included the volume and breadth of information contained in the BC-SCP that might not be relevant to individual patients (i.e., depending on the specific cancer stage, treatment, and complications). This coupled with issues of scanning the BC-SCP into the media section in EPIC, manual data collection, and the inability to edit scanned information for future updates or changes in care, raised concerns in the feasibility of the paper version of the BC-SCP in busy clinics. All providers felt that an electronic version incorporated into the EMR would better facilitate care. Suggestions for improvement included the addition of contact details of stoma care nurses, pharmacists, physical therapists, and nutritionists as part of the care team involved in patient care. Reimbursement to account for provider time to complete the BC-SCP was another concern.
| 4 | 1clinical
| 0Study
|
35,847 |
Previously, several publications have studied the association between rs2066827 polymorphism and PCa risk in different ethnicities [32, 46, 50, 51]. In 2003, Kibel et al. designed a study enrolling 96 cases and 105 controls of Caucasian origin, demonstrating that this polymorphism was associated with a decreased risk of PCa. In 2015, Han et al. conducted a study based on 70 cases and 70 controls in an Asian population and also found that p27-V109G polymorphism played a protective role in PCa risk. However, results from our case-control study were not consistent with the studies mentioned above, as well as the evidence-based results derived from meta-analysis, but consistent with Huang et al.'s work, which contained 190 patients and 292 controls of Asian descent, suggesting that p27-V109G polymorphism was not associated with PCa. In addition, our results also suggested that no significant associations were also uncovered between this polymorphism and clinicopathologic features of PCa. Hereditary heterogeneity of subjects, different polymorphisms of p27, or inadequate adjustment for confounding factors can lead to the above inconsistency. Apart from these, sample size may also affect the results.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
376,694 |
The metabolites were considered valid when they appeared in a minimum of three out of five biological replicates. Only analytes with values above the limit of detection (LOD) were considered. The LOD for individual analytes was defined as three times the median peak area in the blank samples (peak intensity was used for FIA data) or a minimum of 20,000 counts per second (cps). Analytes below the LOD were rejected. A 1.5 standard deviation of the total sample peak area per condition was calculated and used as the cutoff for sample outlier detection. The peak intensity was used for the FIA data. Finally, analytes with less than 3 values per condition were discarded from the downstream analysis.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
38,330 |
For the BiFC assay, full-length AtRAD51 and AtXRCC3 cDNA was purified and ligated into pXY103, pXY104, pXY105 and pXY106 by BamHI and SalI double-enzyme digestion, and full-length AtRAD51C cDNA was purified and ligated into pXY103, pXY104, pXY105 and pXY106 by XbaI and SalI double-enzyme digestion.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
80,370 |
In multivariable analysis, urban areas (OR: 1.38; 99% CI: 1.04–1.84), east (2.60, 1.76–3.83) or west (1.65, 1.06–2.55) regions, having other co-morbid disabilities (5.93, 4.48–7.85), and having more severe motor disability (Moderate: 1.81, 1.28–2.57; Severe: 2.90, 2.08–4.04; Extremely severe: 4.22, 2.96–6.01) were significantly associated with higher risk of co-morbid mental disability among the elderly with motor disability (Table 4).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
313,313 |
While revising your submission, please upload your figure files to the Preflight Analysis and Conversion Engine (PACE) digital diagnostic tool, https://pacev2.apexcovantage.com/. PACE helps ensure that figures meet PLOS requirements. To use PACE, you must first register as a user. Registration is free. Then, login and navigate to the UPLOAD tab, where you will find detailed instructions on how to use the tool. If you encounter any issues or have any questions when using PACE, please email PLOS at figures@plos.org. Please note that Supporting Information files do not need this step.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
345,091 |
It became clear that begomovirus diversity varied through time as did the prevalence of the viruses in each group. The four most frequent begomoviruses were: (1) SiMMV, (2) TGVV, (3) ToMoLCV, and (4) ToSRV. Consequently, to understand the frequency of each virus over time in the groups, we performed species-specific PCR to detect each of the four viruses in individual samples (Figure 4). In the G1 samples, a high detection rate of TGVV (100%) and ToSRV (99%) was observed, clearly indicating mixed infections. Approximately 21% of the plants were infected with ToMoLCV and 17% with SiMMV. In plants from G2 and G3, TGVV was not detected in any sample. SiMMV was detected in 4% of the samples in G2 and absent in G3. The rate of plants infected with ToSRV decreased from 99% in 2003–2005 to 83% in 2009–2011, and to 45% in 2014–2016. In contrast, ToMoLCV detection rate increased over time, from 21% in 2003–2005 to 47% in 2009–2011, and to 74% in 2014–2016, indicating that ToSRV and ToMoLCV were the most predominant viruses in this region.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
79,211 |
The 5 × 106 DO11.10 lymph node cells were injected i.v. into BALB/c mice followed by immunization with OVA323–339 peptide (2 µg/ml) emulsified in CFA s.c. into each hind leg. Then 20 × 106 apoptotic thymocytes or vehicle alone (PBS) were injected i.v. on days 0, 1, and 2. On day 7, single-cell suspensions of spleen and draining (inguinal) lymph nodes were flow sorted to obtain purified pDCs and CD11b+ CD11c+ cDCs. pDCs and cDCs (104) were cultured for 72 h with CD4+ DO11.10 T cells (105) and OVA323–339 peptide (2 µg/ml).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
171,620 |
Cells were lysed on ice in TBS buffer (50 mM Tris pH7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA) containing 1% Triton X-100, 2 U/ml DNase and protease inhibitor cocktail tablet. The lysates were incubated on ice for 30 min, followed by heating for 10 min in SDS-PAGE sample buffer (50 mM Tris pH6.8, 100 mM dithiothreitol, 2% SDS, 0.1% bromophenol blue, 10% glycerol). Proteins were separated on SDS-PAGE and transferred to PVDF membranes (Fisher). Membranes were blocked in TBS containing 5% non-fat milk and 0.1 % Tween-20 for 1 h, followed by incubation with primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C. After incubation with horseradish peroxidase-coupled secondary antibodies at room temperature for 1 h, immunoblots were visualized using enhanced chemiluminescence (ECLPlus, GE Healthcare).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
68,669 |
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a self-report screening measure of clinical depression and anxiety validated for use in a nonclinical setting.76 It comprises 2 subscales, measuring anxiety (HADS-A) and depression (HADS-D), with 7 items each. Items are rated on a 4-point Likert scale and summed to produce subscale scores that range from 0 to 21. Higher scores indicate more severe symptoms and scores of >11 represent a probable clinical disorder.76 Cronbach α in the present sample were 0.74 (anxiety) and 0.85 (depression).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
355,173 |
To our knowledge, this is the first study in which TD-based unsupervised FE has been successfully applied to the integration of this variety of multiomics measurements. The performance of TD-based unsupervised FE is highly data-type-dependent, since we cannot intentionally generate singular value vectors of interest. When singular value vectors generated by TD is not of interest, we cannot do anything since TD does not have tunable parameters. In this sense, it is challenging to estimate how many types of multiomics datasets (here, three transcription factor bindings as well as four histone modifications and one chromosomal state measurement, making eight types in total) can be successfully integrated with this method.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
76,849 |
Early research on microneedles focused on demonstrating successful fabrication of the needles, penetration of the skin, and increase of diffusivity across the skin . However, as these early experiments proved that microneedles could work as envisioned, more specific applications are being pursued. While much effort has targeted applications for local delivery or where slower release into the general system of the body is not an issue or even desirable—such as in the case of vaccine delivery—the utility of transdermal microneedles for drug delivery has expanded to include a larger variety of applications, such as insulin delivery . This section shall review the various applications that have currently been investigated or approved for usage.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
55,984 |
Surgical Site Infection (SSI) was noted in 59 (7.50%), 52 (6.47%) in the first year which reduced to 20(2.12%) in the fourth year. Table-II. SSI in laparoscopic cholecystectomies was 41 (20.8 %), 45 (13%), 20 (5.68%) and 4 (1.12%) in 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th year respectively. There was significant improvement in SSI incidence as seen by p-value of less than 0.0001 between first two and last two years. Fig.II
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
85,219 |
The findings support the notion that structured physical activity has the potential to improve preschoolers' executive functions. In detail, both intervention and control groups improved their executive functions over the three-month period. It is plausible that the maturation of individuals might cause the improvement. It may be also partially due to the testing effect: improving testing scores simply because children learned from the pretest. As expected, the intervention group had greater increased scores in executive functions over time as compared to the control children. This finding is in accordance with previous studies indicating childhood physical activity or movements have been positively associated with cognitive development, thus providing robust support for this line of research. Interestingly, children's movement skills have also been tied to children's cognitive development. Specifically, children's movement skills have been described as a developmental means for language acquisition in preschool years . Gross motor agility and balance are deemed to be associated with executive functions ; well-developed movement skills are also reported to facilitate children's academic abilities in reading, language, and mathematics . However, movement skills were not investigated in the present study. It is highly recommended that future studies should target preschool children's movement skills to further explore the intricate relationships between young children's physical activity, movement skills, perceived physical competence, and cognitive development.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
91,571 |
Descriptive characteristics of participants at baseline in the Harbin Cohort Study on Diet, Nutrition and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (HDNNCDS, 2012), the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), and the Harbin People’s Health Study (HPHS, 2008–2012).
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
82,686 |
Female Wistar rats (3 weeks old) were obtained from Janvier (Saint-Berthevin, France) and housed in cages under conditions of controlled temperature and humidity in a 12:12 light–dark cycle. The rats were randomly distributed into four dietary groups (n = 10/each). The reference group (REF) was fed with a standard diet AIN-93 M (Harlan, Barcelona, Spain); the cocoa group (C10) was fed with a diet containing 0.4 % of polyphenols, 0.85 % of soluble fiber and 2.55 % of insoluble fiber provided by 10 % cocoa; the cocoa fiber group (CF) received a diet with the same cocoa soluble and insoluble fiber proportion as the C10 group but with a very low amount of polyphenols (<0.02 %); and a fourth group (I) received the same amount of soluble fiber as the C10 group (0.85 %) but in the form of inulin in order to distinguish the particular effect of cocoa fiber (Table 1). Natural Forastero cocoa and cocoa fiber powders [Idilia Foods SL (formerly Nutrexpa SL), Barcelona, Spain] with 4.02 and 0.35 % of polyphenols, respectively, were used to elaborate the C10 and CF diets. Inulin from chicory roots (Fibruline® Instant; InnovaFood 2005, S.L, Barcelona, Spain) was used as a reference soluble fiber. The three experimental diets were elaborated from AIN-93 M formula by subtracting the amount of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and insoluble fibers provided by the corresponding cocoa or cocoa fiber extracts. The resulting chows were isoenergetic and had the same proportion of macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins and lipids) and insoluble fiber as the reference diet (Table 1).Table 1Composition of nutrients and polyphenols provided by the three experimental diets (g/kg diet)ComponentsREF (g/kg) AIN-93 MC10 (g/kg)CF (g/kg)I (g/kg)Casein121.597.1109.7118.7L-Cystine1.81.41.41.6Corn starch418.1423.7437.2426.4Maltodextrin148.5118.7120.4131.5Sucrose102.6108.7110.9110.9Soybean oil38.226.233.538.9Cellulose5024.526.550.0Minerals35.327.727.931.3Vitamins9.17.27.28.1Choline bitartrate2.52.02.02.2 tert-Butylhydroquinone0.0080.0060.0060.006Water72.46371.172Cocoa powder–100–– Protein–22–– Carbohydrate–16–– Lipid–11–– Fiber (insoluble/soluble)–34 (25.5/8.5)–– Minerals–6–– Total polyphenols1 –4–– Water–7––Cocoa fiber powder––52.3– Protein––8– Carbohydrate––0.5– Lipid––4.8– Fiber (insoluble/soluble)––31.9 (23.4/8.5)– Minerals––7– Total polyphenols1 ––0.2– Water––––Inulin powder–––8.5 Protein–––– Carbohydrate–––– Lipid–––– Fiber (insoluble/soluble)–––8.5 (−/8.5) Minerals–––– Total polyphenols1 –––– Water–––– 1Total polyphenol compounds were quantified by Folin–Ciocalteu method
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
307,661 |
In summary, we performed the largest meta-analysis of epilepsy GWAS in this study and identified two new risk loci for epilepsy. We also showed that genetic associations of epilepsy are enriched in brain tissues and telencephalon projecting inhibitory and excitatory neurons. Of note, we identified three risk genes (TTC21B, RP11-375N15.2, and TNKS) whose expression perturbation may have a role in epilepsy. Interestingly, TTC21B resides in the 2q24.3 locus, a region that contains the well-characterized epilepsy risk gene SCN1A (Claes et al., 2001, 2009; Meng et al., 2013; Parihar and Ganesh, 2013; International League Against Epilepsy Consortium on Complex Epilepsies, 2014; Haigh et al., 2021). Although the genome-wide association signal (Figure 2A) and previous studies (Claes et al., 2001, 2009; Meng et al., 2013; Parihar and Ganesh, 2013; International League Against Epilepsy Consortium on Complex Epilepsies, 2014; Haigh et al., 2021) have clearly showed that SCN1A represents the most possible causal gene for this risk locus, our TWAS suggested that TTC21B may also have a potential role in epilepsy (Figure 4). In fact, previous studies also have revealed the potential role of TTC21B in epilepsy (Mirza et al., 2017; The International League Against Epilepsy Consortium on Complex Epilepsies, 2018). More work is needed to elucidate the role of TTC21B in epilepsy.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
356,710 |
His mechanical ventilation settings followed ARDS guidelines with low tidal volume (ml/kg ideal body weight). The initial settings comprised of tidal volume 6 ml/kg based on ideal body weight, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) 12 cmH2O, FiO2 75%, with lung compliance of 70 ml/cm H2O, and plateau pressure of 20 cm H2O. Mean PEEP, FiO2, lung compliance, and plateau pressure throughout mechanically ventilated period were 8.5 cmH2O, 60.5%, 55.3 ml/cmH2O, and 18.33 cmH2O, respectively. The patient did not require any prone positioning or neuromuscular blockade. After maintaining a negative fluid balance with volume restriction and furosemide administration, we were able to wean down on PEEP and extubate in 72 hours. However, with continuation of negative fluid balance, he required an additional five days to completely wean off oxygen. Intravenous insulin was continued for 46 hours then was switched to subcutaneous basal-bolus regimen (Figure 2). The patient was admitted for a total of 10 days, three of which he spent in the ICU. He was discharged with insulin degludec 100 units with insulin lispro sliding scale, metformin, and sitagliptin. Dulaglutide was held due to duplication of therapy.
| 4 | 1clinical
| 3Clinical case
|
83,704 |
Atomic coordinates and structure factors of the wild-type IL-3 and IL-3 K116W binary receptor complexes have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank under the ID codes 5UV8 and 5UWC, respectively. All other data are available from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request.
| 1 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
265,450 |
The paper includes the following contributions: (a) an experimental campaign with multiple sensor data (thermal video, LD and traffic signal, and Google Distance Matrix); (b) sensor-based analysis for traffic state estimation in terms of traffic flow and travel times; (c) accuracy assessment of the derived time series for all sensors; (d) travel time estimation for specific origin-destinations by fusing static LD and traffic signal data with (emulated) CAV information and comparison to a baseline scenario.
| 1 | 2other
| 0Study
|
357,628 |
HCC is typically diagnosed by liver biopsy or cross-sectional liver imaging techniques such as contrast-enhanced computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) . These techniques are useful for tumor staging and detecting extrahepatic metastases, which involve, mostly, lungs, lymph nodes, bone, adrenal glands, and peritoneum . Usage imaging criteria according to Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) and introduction of novel imaging technologies such as contrast-enhanced liver ultrasound can improve early diagnosis and differentiating HCC from non-HCC liver diseases to increase surveillance of HCC patients . However, some limitations in imaging approaches such as time consuming and low sensitivity dictate necessity of developing both novel screening methods and highly sensitive and specific biomarkers for HCC early diagnosis and prognosis.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
190,069 |
Heart rhythm was continuously monitored after surgery. Early recurrence was defined as any episode of AF, atrial flutter or atrial tachycardia that lasted longer than 30 s in the first 3 months after surgical ablation . Repeat ablation or electrical cardioversion at the follow-up time was recognized as AF recurrence. Patients had scheduled clinical visits. Twenty-four-hour Holter monitoring was routinely performed for all patients during the first 3 months after surgery. Additionally, patients received electrocardiography monitoring at local clinics at any time if they had AF-related symptoms.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
153,018 |
Previously, ISRIB showed promising memory-enhancing effects in wild-type animals trained in the MWM with a weak protocol consisting of one swimming trial per day . Here, having not seen consistent memory enhancement by ISRIB in control animals trained in the MWM with a standard protocol, we performed navigation training with a weak protocol (1 trial per day) in rats 2 weeks after i.c.v. injection of Aβ1–42 or reverse control Aβ42–1 or age-matched rats with sham surgery. The same dose of ISRIB was injected immediately after the training session every day (Fig. 4A). Having found that daily injection of ISRIB for six days improved escape latency in Aβ1–42-injected rats (Fig. 4B), we wondered if the beneficial effects persist after ceasing treatment . Indeed, one week after stopping its administration ISRIB still significantly shortened escape latency in Aβ1–42-injected rats (Fig. 4B). Although ISRIB significantly restored learning ability on days 6, 14, and 15 in animals that had been injected i.c.v. with Aβ1–42, this small molecule only caused a relatively weak and transient enhancement in sham surgery rats and Aβ42–1-injected rats on days 2–5 (Fig. 4B). Aβ1–42 also caused a memory deficit, which was reversed by ISRIB, in the probe trial as measured by platform location crossings (Fig. 4C). However, the target quadrant occupancy was comparably poor in all the groups during the probe trial (Fig. 4D). The apparent difference in target quadrant occupancy between the control groups receiving the one trial a day training protocol (Fig. 4D) compared with the standard four trials per day protocol (Fig. 3D) is likely a consequence of the reduced total number of training trials and/or the one-week training gap in the former group. Neither i.c.v. injection of Aβ peptide nor systemic injection of ISRIB affected the movement ability of rats as measured by swimming distance or speed (Fig. 4E, F). These results, together with four trials a day study data, support the ability of ISRIB to abrogate learning and memory deficits caused by Aβ1–42.Fig. 4Spatial learning and memory deficits in Aβ1–42-injected rats are abrogated by ISRIB using a weak MWM training protocol.A The timeline of experimental design. All animals were trained with 1-trial/day. Vehicle or ISRIB (0.25 mg/kg, i.p.) were injected immediately after the training session in the MWM every day. B All the rats spent less time gradually to find the hidden platform after each training trial. Aβ1–42-injected rats spent more time to find the hidden platform from day 6 and on day 14 and day 15 after one-week break (n = 8–10 rats per group, Two-way ANOVA followed by a post hoc Bonferroni multiple comparison test, P < 0.0001, F5,48 = 8.778. Aβ1–42 + Veh versus Sham+Veh: P = 0.0681 on day 6, P = 0.0325 on day 14, P = 0.0415 on day 15; Aβ1–42 + Veh versus Aβ42–1 + Veh: P = 0.1142 on day 6, P = 0.0207 on day 14, P = 0.0410 on day 15) and ISRIB significantly improved performance (Aβ1–42 + Veh versus Aβ1–42 + ISRIB: P = 0.0146 on day 6, P = 0.0231 on day 14, P = 0.0158 on day 15). No difference was detected among Sham + Veh, Aβ42–1 + Veh, Sham + ISRIB, Aβ42–1 + ISRIB and Aβ1–42 + ISRIB groups (Repeated measures ANOVA. P = 0.0569, F4,41 = 2.504). C In the probe trial (n = 8–10 rats per group), Aβ1–42-injected animals crossed the platform much less compared with control groups (Aβ1–42 + Veh versus Sham + Veh: P = 0.0129; Aβ1–42 + Veh versus Aβ42–1 + Veh: P = 0.0028) and ISRIB significantly enhanced platform crossing in Aβ1–42-injected rats (Aβ1–42 + Veh versus Aβ1–42 + ISRIB: P = 0.0050, One-way ANOVA followed by a post hoc Bonferroni multiple comparison test). D–F All the groups were similar in target quadrant occupancy (P = 0.9409, One-way ANOVA) (D) and total swimming distance (P = 0.7056, One-way ANOVA) (E) and swimming speed (P = 0.7876, One-way ANOVA) (F). Error bars, s.e.m.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
257,484 |
COVID‐19 has smaller direct impacts on agricultural production than many other pandemics. The 1918 “Spanish Flu” pandemic, for example, caused substantial losses in farm output because of high morbidity and mortality among working‐age males (Schultz, 1964). Some other pandemics, such as Swine flu and Avian flu, have directly reduced agricultural production. By contrast, COVID‐19 involves a relatively short period of sickness for most of its victims, has its highest mortality rates among older people, many of whom have left the formal workforce, and does not directly affect crops or livestock. However, it does have substantial impacts on agriculture and food security, generally through less direct channels of influence. Therefore, it is useful to begin the discussion by laying out the channels through which COVID‐19 affects food markets and food security. We then turn to the modeling framework that we use to evaluate these impacts.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
|
57,439 |
Here, we examine portfolio loss correlations more closely, because the reduction of an entire statistical dependence to a single number simplifies the analyses of further parameter dependences considerably. Especially, we are interested in the dependence of portfolio loss correlations on the underlying asset correlations and on the portfolio size K. They are shown in Fig 5 for a homogeneous portfolio—as described above—with drifts μ = 2 × 10−3 day−1 (top row) and μ = −3 × 10−3 day−1 (bottom row) and “fat-tail” parameters N → ∞ (left column) and N = 5 (right column). Portfolio size K serves as a curve parameter and takes on values between K = 1 and K = 150. (For a list of all portfolio sizes K, cf caption of Fig 5.)
| 4 | 2other
| 0Study
|
394,246 |
Comment 18: Citations by year in table 5: The number of years before and after the journal is removed from Scopus is very different, the average is more than 9 years before and 4 years after (median of 8 and 4 respectively) which makes the comparison in Table 5 not relevant. Indeed, the number of citations per year is higher during the 2 or 3 years following the publication of the article and decreases sharply with time (DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.01537302) so that the ratio of citations per year also decreases if a larger number of years is used.
| 2 | 2other
| 1Other
|
198,759 |
Infectious cDNA clones of plant viruses are extremely powerful tools for studying RNA virus pathogenicity, and are essential for reverse genetic studies of these pathogens . Indeed, many infectious clones for other plant viruses have been developed, and their utility to further our understanding of processes such as virus movement has been shown . Additional uses for infectious clones include the in planta production of epitopes against viral pathogens of livestock . Unfortunately, construction of infectious clones for woody plant-infecting viruses has only achieved very limited success and there are very few viral infectious clones for woody plants available . To date, none has been reported for PDV.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
318,874 |
This study was conducted according to the guidelines established in the Declaration of Helsinki. All patients-involved procedures had been approved by the institutional research ethics board of Xiangya Hospital and Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China (approval number: XYGW-2016-10). Informed consent had been obtained from all subjects before the investigation. All the recruited patients were diagnosed of psoriasis by an associate professor or above, and had not received any treatment. The main target range of age was 18–70 years. The control group was comprised of the participants from the Hunan Civil Servant Cohort. An even distribution of sex and age was ensured by stratified random sampling from the cohort participants.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
384,065 |
Finally, most of these traits were also significantly correlated with each other. In the group of morphological traits, the highest correlations were between (1) tree height and scion length (r = 0.94, p < 0.05, Supplementary Figure 6) and (2) the perimeters of the rootstock, scion, and the overall trunk (r = 0.8—0.84, p < 0.05, Supplementary Figure 6). The three biomass/reproductive traits had medium correlations (r = 0.37—0.40, p < 0.05, Supplementary Figure 7). For harvest traits, the highest correlations were between (1) the number of fruits with the stalk cut below the pedicel and with damage caused by thrips (r = 0.64, p < 0.05, Supplementary Figure 8) and (2) the number of fruits with low weight and with exportation quality (r = 0.61, p < 0.05, Supplementary Figure 8).
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
|
327,100 |
Yield 71%. Beige powder. Mp 100 °C, (isopropanol). 1H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 8.30 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1H), 7.84–7.83 (m, 2H), 7.66–7.61 (m, 1H), 4.85–4.78 (m, 2H), 3.92–3.85 (m, 2H). 13C NMR (50 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 162.6, 147.6, 144.1, 135.2, 129.4, 128.8, 127.1, 102.6, 93.4, 47.7, 38.8. LC-MS (ESI+) tR 4.73 min, m/z [M + H]+ 369.12/370.96/373.11. MW: 370.46 g/mol. Anal. Calcd for C11H8BrCl3N2O: C, 35.66; H, 2.18; N, 7.56. Found: C, 35.92; H, 2.29; N, 7.37.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
193,332 |
Previous studies have reported overall convincing positive associations between asthma and CVDs (Tattersall et al., 2016; Sun et al., 2017). Observational studies have found that a history of asthma was associated with higher adulthood left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and hypertension (Sun et al., 2017). A large-cohort study of adults found late-onset asthmatics had an increased risk of incident CVDs that persisted after adjustment for age, sex, and CVD risk factors (Tattersall et al., 2016). In previous large multi-ethnic cohort studies, persistent asthmatics had a higher CVD event rate than non-asthmatics (Tattersall et al., 2015; Tattersall et al., 2020; Wee et al., 2021) and adult patients with asthma had increased risks of HF incident (Iribarren et al., 2012). Patients with asthma–chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap syndrome (ACOS) were associated with a higher risk of HF (Yeh et al., 2017). It has been well known that observational studies are susceptible to reverse causality and confounding; therefore, whether asthma plays a causal role in the development of CVDs or vice versa remains largely unknown (Gottdiener, 2017). In particular, inflammation is involved in the pathophysiology of both diseases and therefore becomes a key confounder to study the causal effect between these two traits (Gottdiener et al., 2000; Fahy, 2015). Genetic studies showed that genetic markers of inflammation play important roles in the development of both CVDs and asthma (Raman et al., 2013), implying a common genetic architecture between asthma and CVDs. Besides the investigation of inflammation and potentially a few other similar focused studies, to our knowledge, no large-scale, genome-wide study has systematically reported the shared genetic loci between asthma and CVDs.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
158,705 |
In our study, we downloaded the expression profile of OC patients from the TCGA database and obtained autophagy-related genes (ARGs) from the MsigDB database. Based on the ARGs, OC patients were successfully classified into two subtypes, and a risk model was established to assess the prognosis of OC. The system comprehensively evaluated the correlation among classification, risk model and TIM and explored the effect of autophagy on the regulation of the OC TIM. ARGs may be potential biomarkers and provide new ideas for immunotherapy.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
122,786 |
Through a combined approach utilizing molecular, cellular, and developmental biology as well as unbiased proteomics, we demonstrate that microglial TG2 is the ligand of OPC-derived ADGRG1. Although the importance of OPC ADGRG1 in developmental CNS myelination has been previously demonstrated (Ackerman et al., 2015; Giera et al., 2015; Salzman et al., 2016), the relevant ligand remained undefined and the role of ADGRG1 in myelin repair was not addressed. Here, we demonstrate that microglia-derived TG2 provides essential ligand activity for OPC-derived ADGRG1 during CNS myelination and that this signaling pathway is implicated in remyelination. This de-orphanization is a mandatory first step in the therapeutic exploitation of this novel pathway.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
37,087 |
(A) Protein levels of cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) in A549 and UT-SCC-14 cells incubated under normoxia (21% O2) and hypoxia (0.2% O2, 24 hours) as determined by western blotting. (B) Staining of A549 (left) and UT-SCC-14 (right)-derived tumor xenografts sections with anti–POR antibodies. (C) Levels of secreted PLGF in A549 and UT-SCC-14 conditioned medium in normoxia (21% O2) and hypoxia (0.2% O2, 24 hours) as determined using Bio-plex assay. Data are shown as fold induction over non-treated normoxic samples in three independent experiments, error bars represent SEM.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
157,721 |
AR deregulation plays a central role in the onset and progression of PCa to an advanced metastatic disease . The mechanism for abnormal AR activation includes somatic AR missense mutation that have been found most frequently first in the LBD and after in the NTD sequence . These mutated AR variants—to date over 150 AR mutations have been identified in PCa tissue—usually result in small changes within the AR protein influencing the ligand-binding specificity . Most of these mutations consist of a single-base substitution that rarely occurs within the germline . The most frequent example is the mutation ART877A located in the AR-LBD. This mutation consists of the substitution of an alanine (Ala) with a threonine (Thr), resulting in the loss of specificity for the agonist. Therefore, the mutated AR might be activated not only by androgens but also by other steroid hormones, such as progesterone, estrogens, as well as by DHT metabolic products, or antiandrogen compounds, such as flutamide (FTA) .
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
47,376 |
Several parts of the Canadian “lowbush blueberry” (Vaccinium Angustifolium Ait) plant were previously shown by our group to exert antidiabetic activities . A recent study by Klimis-Zakas et al. has reported the ability of a wild blueberry-enriched diet to reduce metabolic syndrome risk factors such as chronic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in obese Zucker rats, a rat model for metabolic dysfunction . Meanwhile, Matar and colleagues demonstrated that biotransformation of blueberry juice by the Serratia vaccinii bacteria conferred a new phytochemical profile to the juice . HPLC evaluation of the phenolic profiles of the normal and fermented juices detected differences in the contents of flavonoids and organic acids. Notably, gallic acid, which was not detected in normal juice, reached concentrations that varied from 26.7 ± 0.9 to 64.6 ± 0.5 mg/kg FW in FJ. On the other hand, chlorogenic acid was rather abundant in FJ, being present at a concentration of 852.7 ± 2.8 mg/kg FW. In general, total phenolic content nearly tripled after 3 days of fermentation (from 1251.3 ± 278.7 to 3640.3 ± 201.1 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/kg) and continued to increase modestly thereafter to reach 3926.3 ± 194.3 mg of GAE/kg after 7 days of fermentation . Moreover, fermented blueberry juice (FJ) not only exhibited an increase in phenolic content but was also characterized by more pronounced antioxidant activities compared to the normal juice (CJ) [12, 13, 21]. Our laboratories therefore combined efforts to examine the impact of fermentation on the antidiabetic potential of wild blueberry preparations. We found that fermentation conferred to blueberry juice the capacity to enhance glucose uptake in muscle cells and adipocytes via phosphorylation of AMPK .
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
326,720 |
The serval (Leptailurus serval) is a small felid that is native to various regions of sub-Saharan Africa . The species is a wetland specialist that navigates between marshes and reed beds in search of its main food source, which is small rodents . A characteristic hunting technique where the serval relies on its superior sense of hearing to locate prey in tall grasses, after which it then leaps and pounces on the prey item, makes it a highly successful predator . Like most other felids, the serval is a solitary species . The female commonly gives birth to a litter of 1–3 kittens in summer and cares for her young for a considerable amount of time after they become mobile .
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
38,521 |
We further included all distributions and relevant parameterizations used in the following tools: Monolix (Lixoft Team, 2014), NONMEM (Beal et al., 2009) and winBUGS (Lunn et al., 2009), and a few found in MCSim (Bois, 2010). We completed this collection with many relationships/re-parameterizations between distributions (Leemis and Mcqueston, 2008).
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
21,847 |
The development of the model for the symplastic growth of a linear leaf accounting for the structure of the growth zone and approximation of experimental cell length profiles was supported by the Russian Science Foundation according to research project No. 14-14-00734. Simulations were performed using a program developed with support of the ICG SB RAS budget project No. 0324-2015-0003.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
371,610 |
Evolutionary relationships of the novel hepacivirus identified from brushtailed possums. a Genome depiction of possum hepacivirus compared to its closest relative - Norway rat hepacivirus 2 (GenBank accession: NC_025673). b Phylogenetic analysis of the polyprotein gene (RdRp protein) of hepaciviruses. The novel possum hepacivirus is shown in red. Bootstrap values > 70% are shown for key nodes (1000 replicates). The tree was midpoint rooted for clarity only. The scale bar shows the number of amino acid substitutions per site
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
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