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Apart from the diversity of environments, there is also diversity in the hardware elements used for localization and in the metrics to evaluate an IPS. A brief resume of a few works presented in the 2016 Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation conference (October 2016, Alcalá de Henares, Spain) is shown in Table 1, where the conference session, base technology, evaluation set-up and evaluation metric are also shown.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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150,642 |
Researchers’ interests in the study of PNCs emerged mainly due to the advantages of personalized drug administration, increased bioavailability, sustained release from a single dose, and capability of safe carriage until delivered to the targeted site.[ 93 , 94 ] Traditional medication has numerous challenges like continuous administration of the medicine with a shorter half‐life, diminished patient consistency, high and ordinary peak‐valley plasma concentration‐time profile, and so on. As a result, in most of the cases targeted release remains unachieved. Because of these shortfalls, there is a rise in the altered and targeted medication practices. The traditional method of medication is gradually being replaced by the modern sophisticated approaches. Here, polymer nanostructures are playing decisive role in developing a modified and targeted medication conveyance system.[ 95 ] Polymer nanostructures are solid colloidal materials composed of polymeric assembly and are ideally obtained from natural, synthetic or semi‐synthetic sources.[ 96 ] They can load drugs, proteins, DNA, or RNA and defend them from denaturation and carry to targeted cells or tissue. To the matrix of polymer nanoparticles, the drug or any other compounds can get dissolved, attached, entrapped, or encapsulated, relying on different loading techniques.[ 97 , 98 ] Depending on the molecular architectures and methods of fabrication, these nanocarriers can be designed in various sizes (10–1000 nm), shapes (spherical, rod, cylindrical, star‐like), and structures (sphere, core‐shell, capsule, micelle, network) (Figure 2b). Such varieties of structure and associated physicochemical properties present these nanocarriers as promising candidates for a wide range of bioapplications, from disease diagnosis to cure.[ 99 ]
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
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109,217 |
One limitation in the previous experiments is that three mutations have been detected concurrently in MVA-CR19. We do not know whether all three mutations need to cooperate to yield the observed phenotype, and whether the phenotype does indeed reflect enhanced escape of the infectious units from the host cell. We can also not be certain that additional mutations and genomic alterations that may have been missed in the sequence evaluation contribute to the observed properties of the new MVA strain. To address some of these questions, we currently assemble the three mutations in different combinations into the wildtype genome. For improved detection and quantification of the recombinant viruses, we also inserted EGFP and DsRed1 reporter genes under control of a hybrid early/late MVA promoter into deletion site III of the different MVA instances .
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202,939 |
The 370 interactions were not independent, as dogs were assigned to participants according to the training levels due to safety and welfare considerations. Also, dogs that had been staying in the shelter longer during the research period tended to be walked more often. Generalized linear mixed models were used for analysis to address the repeated measurements. To reduce the numbers of predictors, a bivariate generalized linear model was used to analyze each combination of outcome variables (leash tension, pulling frequency, dog and human behavior and exit questionnaire scores) and predictors (human and dog demographics, human personality, canine behavioral assessment). In the analysis of the exit questionnaire, apart from the above predictors, canine and human behaviors, HTmax, and HTmean were also entered as predictors. Along with these predictors, NT max and NT mean were included for the analyses of human and canine behaviors. Predictors with p < 0.2 (Bursac et al., 2008; Cecatto et al., 2015) in the bivariate generalized linear model and those that were logically expected to influence the outcome variables (human personality and canine behavioral assessment results), regardless of the p-value, were included in the generalized linear mixed model as fixed effects. Participants' ID number and dogs' ID number were entered as random effects. Regression analysis started with a full model, in which all candidate variables were defined as predictors of interest. To reduce the potential type I error, predictors with the highest p-values were then removed in a stepwise manner until the result of the model became consistent. In addition to assessing significance, the change in the Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC) was used to assess whether the model improved by entering or removing variables.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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127,000 |
Lung ultrasound (LUS) examination is easy to learn compared to other imaging techniques. Moreover, it carries no risk of X‐ray exposure and can be performed at bedside with portable equipments. 1 These advantages are among the reasons why LUS has gradually become a routine practice to assess lungs in many emergency departments (ER) and intensive care units, as an extension of bedside patient's examination. 2 , 3
| 3 | 0biomedical
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29,765 |
After application of the inclusion criteria, the search generated 239 patient records that were eligible for this investigation (137 females and 102 males). The median age of the patients was 13.8 years (interquartile range (IQR) 11.0–16.9 years). A total of 387 OMIs were inserted: 190 in the anterior palate and 197 in buccal inter-radicular sites.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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138,228 |
Additionally, after quality control, 11 samples were re-sequenced as Plate 6 on a NextSeq 500 instrument using a NovaSeq 6000 S4 Reagent Kit (200 cycles) with sequencing parameter as 100 bp paired-end reads. Technical replicates were placed on each plate to control for plate variability.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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41,267 |
This paper has tried to encompass the most recent and relevant research papers involving optical fiber humidity sensors. The main optical structures used for that purpose were briefly explained, intending to provide a complete guide of recent developments in this application field. Table 1 summarizes some of the most relevant results.
| 2 | 2other
| 2Review
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243,209 |
To summarize, as the elderly population is often easily predisposed to numerous comorbidities and ailments, it is very important to focus on their nutritional and functional abilities since there is a decline in these aspects, which affects their mortality outcomes. This study provides data that improving patient nutrition and ADL at discharge will help in better outcomes of patient care in terms of mortality benefits. These findings reinforce that when discharging elderly patients from the hospital, normalization of biochemical parameters is not only sufficient; optimization of nutritional status and ADL is also required. Further research is, however, recommended to project these findings to a larger population and also to formulate interventional strategies and assess their impact on the outcomes among this group of population.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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58,507 |
The Ge-Se system has a large glass forming region that extends over the germanium concentration from 0.0 to 0.43 . The amorphous phases are covalently bonded and the connectivity and properties of these networks can be altered by modifying the Ge–Se ratio. In this work, we only report the amorphous GeSe2 alloy.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
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143,009 |
A key aspect of encouraging honest communication in the VBI would be acknowledging that it is acceptable to have concerns about being prescribed medication. HCPs recommended asking the patient to talk through these concerns and, if needed, book a follow-up consultation with a prescribing practitioner about changing medication.
| 1 | 1clinical
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313,927 |
A main reason for children’s improvement in their monitoring accuracy is that they increasingly use valid cues when judging their performance (Koriat and Ackerman 2010). This relates to the theory that monitoring judgments are based on certain cues that are more or less indicative of actual performance accuracy (i.e., “cue validity”; Koriat 1997). Younger children have a tendency to base their monitoring judgments on motivational factors, such as wishful thinking or the effort they put in a task (Schneider 1998). This does not necessary reflect their actual performance, and results in inappropriately high confidence for incorrect answers. However, with increasing age, children learn to base their monitoring judgments on cues that are more reflective of their performance, such as retrieval fluency (Koriat and Ackerman 2010; Roebers et al. 2019) or accessibility (Van Loon et al. 2017). That is, older children more likely take the ease of retrieving an answer into account when giving CJs for their answers. Those improvements in monitoring accuracy ultimately lead to improvements in controlling one’s test performance, as control relies on monitoring judgments (“monitoring-based control”; Metcalfe and Finn 2013). Even though younger elementary school children are able to relate their control decisions to their monitoring judgments, this relationship between monitoring and control, i.e., the tendency to maintain answers with high confidence and withdraw answers with low confidence, becomes even more consistent throughout elementary school (Hembacher and Ghetti 2013; Koriat and Ackerman 2010).
| 4 | 2other
| 0Study
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135,066 |
Additionally, the recent COVID-19 pandemic further highlighted the relevance of food literacy and the role it plays in: (i) planning, selecting and preparing healthy meals ; (ii) empowering individuals, households, communities or nations to navigate the complex food environments and protect diet quality through change and (iii) manage the planning and preparation of food even when financial circumstances change, which may alleviate food insecurity .
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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128,280 |
Recently, a meta-analysis (De Los Reyes et al., 2019b) revealed that congruence is related to cultural characteristics. Moreover, as Rescorla (2016) underlined, there is a need for cross-cultural direct comparisons regarding parent–child discrepancies. Very few studies directly compared parent–child discrepancy across nations, and the ones that did, as for example Rescorla et al. (2013), did not test cross-cultural measurement invariance. We also did not find applications of LCM to cross-cultural or cross-national studies. One possible explanation is the lack of discussion about how to keep into consideration at the same time cross-informant and cross-national (or cross-cultural) measurement invariance. Indeed, single sample applications of LCM show how to test cross-informant measurement invariance when estimating second-order level and congruence variables. However, in cross-national (or cross-cultural) designs, a preliminary step is needed, which is verifying the presence of cross-national (or cross-cultural) measurement invariance before testing the cross-informant one and applying the whole LCM. This study proposes a step-by-step guide to conduct those kinds of analyses and interpret cross-national differences in similarity and accuracy within parent–child dyads.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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89,757 |
A large number of studies have found that in heart failure, atrial fibrillation, myocardial hypertrophy and myocardial infarction, atrial and ventricular HCN2 and HCN4 channels gene express unusually causing atrial or ventricular myocyte If current rise or fall, and all of these may be associated with heart disease fatal arrhythmia. Under normal conditions, HCN channels are poorly expressed outside the cardiac pacemaking and conduction system, but it changes during cardiac disease. During hypertension and heart failure, If activity is observed in the ventricular myocardium due to re-expression of HCN genes, several studies proved that If current density and occurrence is significantly greater in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes and end-stage failing hearts and this is directly related to the arrhythmias. Basing on the presence of If current in ventricular myocytes isolated from severely hypertrophied rat hearts, the current arrhythmogenic role in cardiac hypertrophy and failure has been inferred, and its density is larger in human ventricular myocytes isolated from the hearts of patients with ischemic than in those with dilated cardiomyopathy. Stillitamo et al. demonstrated for the first time comparing the mRNA and protein expression of HCN subunits in the human atrial and ventricle under normal and heart failure conditions in human heart failure, an upregulation of ventricular HCN2 and HCN4 underlies the increase in functional If current, Michael et al.studied the model with ventricular HCN2/4 knockout and identified the enhanced If as an important contributor to the typical electrophysiological alterations observed in the hypertrophic heart, including prolonged ventricular action potentials and lengthened QT intervals. So the overexpression of If may contribute to increased ventricular (and atrial) propensity to arrhythmias which leading to sudden death caused by ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation in heart failure and hypertrophic heart. Cardiac dysfunction is a complex and important problem for people with epilepsy. Recently, a study has showed that cardiac electrophysiology was significantly altered in adult rat models of genetic or acquired epilepsy, with slower heart rate, shorter QRS duration, longer QTc interval, greater standard deviation of RR intervals, and bradycardia, molecular analysis demonstrated significant reductions in cardiac HCN2 mRNA and protein expression in models, providing a molecular correlate of these electrophysiologic abnormalities.
| 5 | 0biomedical
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262,237 |
Currently, there is no full compliance whether fumonisins are direct oxidative stress inducers or this plausible effect is playing a carcinogenic role . Anyway, the molecular mechanisms behind fumonisin toxicity in liver and kidney are supposed to be linked with early events of oxidative stress , but the role of them in the male reproductive organs is less studied. As well, a direct link between fumonisins and the glutathione redox system is not fully elucidated; in glutathione peroxidase-1/catalase knocked out (KO) mice FB1 toxicity was not influenced by the existence or lack of the induced mutation (KO), referring to a likewise indirect relationship between FB1 and oxidative stress . If fumonisin is really not a direct induction factor of the slight oxidative stress detected, then there shall be a plausible alternative process responsible for the dose dependent increase in the tissue GSH level and the associated reaction of GSHPx. Recent and emerging evidence at the molecular level suggests the disruption of mitochondria and excessive generation of toxic, reactive oxygen species as additional mechanisms of toxicity . We assume that quickly proliferating cells (like hepatic and germinal cells) of rabbits may be prone for FBs induced oxidative stress at a subclinical intoxication level, without markedly compromised function. A more general view might be the supposal of slight cellular apoptosis and necrosis, which has only been shown in the renal and hepatic cases , but this has not been proven or tested in this study. Ultimately, it shall be added that FBs acted like a slight pro-oxidants in the rabbit testis, augmenting non-enzymatic and enzymatic adaptation (GSH and GSHPx), leading to the lowered concentration of conjugated fatty acid derivatives (dienes and trienes), as early phase lipid peroxidation indicators. This plausible adaptation (exposure: 65 days) was effective, since PLFA profile was unaltered and MDA (as late peroxidation indicator) as well.
| 5 | 0biomedical
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72,082 |
The deep inhalation of air that accompanies yawning may also provide counter-current heat exchange by cooling venous blood draining from the nasal and oral orifices that is in close contact with arterial blood supply . Consistent with this view, recent studies in human and non-human primates [8, 17] have shown that pharyngeal cooling rapidly and selectively decreases brain and tympanic temperature by cooling the carotid arteries . Furthermore, anatomical investigations in humans have revealed that the thin sinus walls flex when pterygoid musculature contracts during yawning, indicating that the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus serves as an origin for both medial and lateral pterygoid muscle segments . This powerful flexing of the sinus walls has been proposed to ventilate the human sinus system similarly to what occurs in birds , providing a second mechanism through which yawning functions in human cerebral cooling. Accordingly, yawning could reduce brain temperature by ventilating the sinus system and promoting the evaporation of the sinus mucosa . The salivation and tearing that accompany yawning could be a third mechanism for cooling, aiding in heat loss through evaporation .
| 5 | 0biomedical
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390,629 |
2D spatial distribution plots of PH3-positive cells during craniofacial development in C. perspicillata. A maximum intensity projection (MIP), obtained from an aligned stack of 2D sagittal sections for a CS17 embryo head, is shown in lateral view. All extracted X, Y coordinates from 2D image stacks are plotted as 2D distribution plots, oriented in lateral view. Thus, X axis relates to anterior–posterior position and the Y axis relates to dorsal–ventral position. All lateral images are oriented such that the anterior face points to the right and the back of the head points to the left. The intensity of purple color highlight concentrated regions of proliferation. At CS16, the majority of proliferation is localized to the forebrain. From CS17–CS24, growth zones appear in the midface, basicranium, hindbrain and forebrain
| 4 | 0biomedical
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252,543 |
The study was part of AD's Ph.D. project, supervised by CH, RH, and CJ, with assistance in carrying out the fieldwork from NM. CH and NM provided additional methodological support, but the study design and execution was the responsibility of AD. All authors contributed to manuscript revision, read, and approved the submitted version.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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224,073 |
DNA from HepG2 and HCT116 cells was extracted with a Qiagen DNA MiniKit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) and a Qiacube (Qiagen), following the manufacturer’s instructions. Briefly, 2 µL of sample was pipetted into the plate spectrophotometer; elution buffer (2 µL) served as the blank. DNA quality and concentration were measured with a microplate spectrophotometer (Epoch, BioTek Instruments). DNA was measured using the Nucleic Acid Quantification tool (Gen5 software version 2.01, BioTek Instruments); only samples with 260/280 and 260/230 ratios above 1.8 were used in this study.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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238,662 |
It seems that a single pre-incisional NAC injection does not have a significant impact on the populations of cells taking part in the inflammatory response at the wound site. Nonetheless, NAC modulates both the course of inflammation and subsequent stages of wound healing by increasing the expression of numerous cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. On the 3rd day, CXCL1 was one of the most highly expressed chemokines. Its function is to recruit and activate neutrophils and macrophages in a response to hypoxia and Il-1 or TNF . Expressions of both of the previously mentioned cytokines were also upregulated on the 3rd day after NAC administration. TNF modulates the function of macrophages and enhances the scar’s mechanical resilience . However, on the 60th day, it was counteracted by the WISP protein . IL-1α stimulates the expression of growth factors (FGF and EGF) and enhances the proliferation of both keratinocytes and fibroblasts . Similarly, IL-1β stimulates fibroblasts to produce collagen . Other cytokines, such as IFN-γ, CSF2 and CSF3, showed an increased expression on the 3rd day and had a beneficial effect on the wound healing process . At the later time points, NAC did not increase the expression of inflammatory cytokines. On the 7th and 14th days, CCL2 expression was reduced 2.7-fold (p = 0.05 and p = 0.02). CCL2 recruits neutrophils and macrophages to the wound bed. At the stage of remodeling, a massive inflammatory response could have an adverse effect on scar formation . Thus, it suggests the beneficial influence of NAC.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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188,524 |
A one-term Ogden hyperelastic, one-term Prony series model (solid lines) fit to the average experimental stress-strain behavior (circles) for the middle cerebral artery samples at three strain rates (0.01, 150.00, and 300.00 s-1). The circles and vertical lines represent the mean (n = 12) and one standard error of the mean, respectively.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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37,211 |
The GE method is commonly used for estimating anaerobic work and/or power during supramaximal exercise (Noordhof et al., 2011). However, GE can only be calculated if the external work can be defined, which constitutes a direct problem for activities like walking and running (van Ingen Schenau and Cavanagh, 1990). Therefore, the EC method presented in the current study offers an alternative method of estimating the O2 deficit during running exercise, as well as an advantage during roller-skiing on fixed treadmill gradients in that external work does not need to be determined. In the current study, GE and EC during submaximal DS roller-skiing were found to be independent of speed, both when analyzed individually and on a group level, which is similar to previous observations by Andersson et al. (2017). Moreover, the agreement between the O2 deficits estimated with GE based on the average from four submaximal stages and the GE based on the last submaximal stage was relatively high (bias of 1.1 ± 2.1 mL·kg−1, r = 0.98). Therefore, the findings of the current study suggest that only one submaximal stage may be needed (probably at a relatively high submaximal intensity, i.e., 70–80% of V.O2max) when using the GE and/or EC methods to estimate O2 deficit during supramaximal exercise, provided GE/EC is found to be independent of speed. The constant GE/EC observed in the current study for DS roller-skiing at relatively high submaximal exercise intensities (i.e., 60–82% of V.O2max), is similar to previous observations of well-trained athletes during cycle ergometry (Ransom et al., 2008) and treadmill running (di Prampero, 1986). These findings are of potential practical relevance, since estimating anaerobic energy production using GE or EC calculated from a single submaximal stage is more time-efficient than the classical MAOD procedure introduced by Medbø et al. (1988). Therefore, the different methods compared in the current study require further investigation in other exercise modes and/or sub-techniques in cross-country skiing.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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339,568 |
Figure 3a–d shows high-resolution SEM images of ZnO NRs and ZnO NRs/GO nanocomposites evaluated using JSM 6390 FESEM, working at an applied voltage of 1.8 kV and a working distance of 5 mm. In the absence of GO (Figure 3a), as-obtained ZnO nanorods display a flower-shaped hexagonal section morphology, indicating a high degree of crystallinity. Figure 3b–d shows the presence of several GO nanosheets among flower-shaped ZnO nanostructures. Obviously, GO layers are roughly transparent and, as their amount increases, the layers get thicker because of their tendency to be aggregated by van der Waals forces (Figure 3d). It should also be noted that SEM micrographs show similar morphological features for different ZnO amounts in nanocomposites, depending on the initial GO concentration. By increasing the GO concentration from GO1 = 1.5 wt.% to GO3 = 5 wt.%, the density of the ZnO nanorods decreased. In addition, SEM images of nanocomposites revealed few-layered graphene oxide sheets, no folds with a flat surface, which indicates a high quality of GO. These results indicate the formation of ZnO/GO nanocomposites.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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120,288 |
Psychological research (as highlighted in this Topic) has demonstrated that people belong to a number of social groups and affiliations that can be potentially mobilized and politicized and has posited the question of whether these multiple commitments of self can lead to a synchronized expression (e.g., Cruwys et al., 2016; Curtin et al., 2016). Despite the increasing interest the underlying mechanisms of the expression of multiple identities remain unspecified.
| 2 | 2other
| 1Other
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186,638 |
Another way of measuring job quality is analysing workers’ attitudes to and perceptions of their job. Figure 8 displays a variety of job quality indicators using data from the British Social Attitudes Survey. The questions are only asked of BSAS respondents in 2005 and 2015 – a slightly different period from the one that we analyse in the rest of this paper. Sample sizes in BSAS are relatively small, and so we indicate statistically significant differences with asterisks.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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360,005 |
EM analysis of particles produced from transfected HAP1 EAP45 KO cells. (a and b): EM photographs show particles produced from the WT provirus‐transfected EAP45 KO cells (a and b), with EAP45 (full length [FL]; c) or with the ΔGΔH expressor (d) or nontransfected (e). Scale bar for (a) is 100 nm, whereas for (b–e), it is 500 nm. (f) Quantitation of the virus particles in each transfection condition that are either arrested at the plasma membrane or released into the extracellular compartment per field image, shown as % of total virus particles. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean of over 200 particles from a total of over 20 images
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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121,991 |
Compared to elderly subjects, COPD patients showed significantly worse lung function parameters, except for total lung capacity, indicating the presence of obstruction (FEV1 51 ± 20 vs. 100 ± 16%, P < 0.001, and Rtot 6.9 ± 3.7 vs. 2.3 ± 0.7 cmH2O.L-1.s), and hyperinflation and gas trapping (FRC 133 ± 33 vs. 99 ± 23%, P < 0.001, and RV 162 ± 45 vs. 104 ± 20%, P < 0.001). Patients were hypoxemic (PaO2 72 ± 9 mmHg, SaO2 94 ± 2%) and normocapnic (PaCO2 42.6 ± 6.8 mmHg), and the majority had a reduced exercise tolerance (6MWT 344 ± 116 m, 75 ± 24%pred). Dyspnea sensation was elevated immediately after exercise [BDS 3.0 (3.3)].
| 4 | 0biomedical
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33,258 |
In our analysis, coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most frequently isolated strains both in MST and CVT, although found in a much higher percentage in MST than CVT. A higher percentage of intestinal bacteria was frequently detected in CVT. Since our donors presented no systemic or local infections at the time of screening, and since harvesting was conducted in the operating theater by specialist personnel using sterile equipment, it may be argued that tissue contamination was caused by other factors. The presence of skin commensals, the most frequently isolated germs in our sample, is probably the result of external contamination at the time of procurement due to leakage from the skin incisions made to access the thoracic and abdominal cavities, and of exposure to the environment during retrieval and/or handling. Conversely, the high percentage of intestinal and upper airway bacterial strains in CVT specimens may have multiple causes, the most important being the actual cause of donor death, which in more than 50 % of our sample was trauma (paper in preparation). Trauma exponentially increases the risk of contamination by intestinal and upper airway bacteria, as confirmed by Deijkers et al., who found that the risk of graft contamination with highly pathogenic organisms increased by a factor of 3.4 in the case of donor death by trauma (Deijkers et al. 1997). The same explanation is also given by Martinez et al., who argue that seeding of the bloodstream could develop in victims of extensive trauma or following invasive procedures during emergency care, as in the case of road accident victims or cardiac infarction patients (Martinez et al. 1985). CVT is often collected from the thoracic and abdominal cavities of donors who have suffered trauma-induced hemorrhagic effusion that may facilitate passive and active cross-contamination. In addition, donors are often removed from the place of death, be it street or home, after several hours and prolonged warm ischemic time, which facilitates the growth and migration of bacteria into the bloodstream prior to transportation and refrigeration in the referring hospital morgue. Van Kats has also confirmed a significant relationship between warm ischemic time and contamination at retrieval (Van Kats et al. 2010).
| 5 | 0biomedical
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12,269 |
Whole-genome sequencing and preliminary bioinformatics analysis of 95 samples were performed to characterize the predominance of genotypes under certain conditions and to study the molecular evolution of HAdV pathogens, e.g., the numbers of recombinant viruses. Of the 85 whole-genomes sequenced, 18 are of previously uncharacterized HAdVs, all of which evolved by homologous recombination, including three novel HAdV-B types and 15 novel HAdV-D types. Partially sequenced viral genomes are hallmarks of metagenomics survey projects and have been accepted by both NCBI and ICTV recently34. In this survey, there are ten partial genome sequences, all of which were from samples collected in eye clinics. The large-scale sampling and processing, including variable viral titers, likely contributed to the genomic DNA quality and quantity. Even with partial sequences, three ocular isolates were characterized as highly similar to HAdV-D8, a known EKC pathogen, with penton base, hexon, and fiber sequences (P8H8F8) (KF429753, KF429746, and KF429743). For KF429749, the penton and fiber are also highly similar to HADV-D8, however, the hexon sequence is incomplete. KF429747 and KF429750 are both recombinants at the three capsid genes used for HAdV typing, having sequence similarities corresponding to a penton base of HAdV-D9 and a hexon of HAdV-D15. The latter has an incomplete fiber gene sequence and the former has a fiber sequence with identity to HAdV-D9. KF268323 is similar to HAdV-D64 with a preliminary recombinant genotyping of P22H19F37. Similarly, KF268326 is similar to HAdV-D17, with a preliminary genotyping as P29D17F29. KF268200 has a preliminary genotype of P48H45 with a novel fiber. The final partial genome KF429745 was noted with a preliminary genotype of P9H22 and an unsequenced fiber gene.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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340,255 |
In conclusion, the present systematic review suggests that salivary miRNAs might provide a non-invasive and cost-effective method in the diagnosis of OSCC, and also to monitor more easily its evolution and therapeutic response and therefore aid in the establishment of specific therapeutic strategies.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
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215,882 |
Survival analysis was further conducted in combination with the mutation status of IDH1 and the hierarchical clusters, including IDH1 Mutation/GS cluster, IDH1 Mutation/GU cluster, IDH1 Wild/GS cluster, and IDH1 Wild/GU cluster. As shown in Figure 7H, the Kaplan–Meier survival curve illustrated significant survival divergences among the four groups (p < 0.001, log-rank test). The patients in IDH1 Wild/GU cluster had the poorest prognosis (Figure 7H). These results presented in Figures 7G,H implied the GInLncSig was related to the mutation status of IDH1. Collectively, the above results suggested the risk score of GInLncSig correlated to the somatic mutation patterns.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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339,752 |
Data were resampled to 512 Hz and re-referenced offline to a nose reference. Bad sections of EEG data (e.g., containing large or atypical artifacts) were removed manually. Excessively noisy channels were identified by visual inspection and were not included as input data for the independent components analysis (ICA). 50 Hz line noise was identified using Cleanline (37) using a separate 1 Hz high-pass filtered dataset (EEGLab Basic FIR Filter New, zero-phase, finite impulse response, −6 dB cutoff frequency 0.5 Hz, transition bandwidth 1 Hz). Identified line noise was subtracted from the unfiltered dataset [as recommended by (38)]. A separate dataset was processed in the same way, except a 1 Hz high-pass filter was applied (filter settings as above) to improve stationarity for the ICA [as done by (39)]. ICA was performed on the 1 Hz high-pass filtered dataset [RunICA extended Infomax algorithm; (40)]. Independent component information was transferred to the unfiltered dataset. This method ensured that the ICA could be run using highly stationary data without needing to use a harsh high-pass filter on the dataset used in our subsequent ERP analyses. Independent components associated with ocular activity (i.e., blinks and saccades) were identified and removed according to guidelines in Chaumon et al. (41).
| 5 | 0biomedical
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392,329 |
For cryo-EM analysis of DHBc particles a modified procedure was used, intended to improve homogeneity of the samples. To this end, BL21*(DE3) cells transformed with plasmid pRSF_T7-DHBcOpt were grown in terrific broth and induced for 16 hr at 18°C. Cells were harvested and the cell pellet was re-suspended (20% w/v) in TN300+ buffer (100 mM TrisHCl, pH 7.5, 300 mM NaCl, 5 mM β-mercaptoethanol, 5 mM MgCl2, 5 mM CaCl2, 2 mM PMSF and 2 mM benzamidine). Using a Microfluidizer, the cells were disrupted by 2 passages at 1,500 bar. Insoluble material was removed by centrifugation at 2,000 g and 4°C for 90 min. Then, ammonium sulfphate was added to the supernatant to 40% saturation at pH 7.5 at 0°C. The resulting precipitate was isolated by centrifugation, re-solubilized, and re-precipitated by adding ammonium sulfphate to 30% final saturation. The new precipitate was dissolved and subjected to density-gradient centrifugation (six steps with: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50% and 60% sucrose in 50 mM TrisHCl at pH 7.5) in an SW 32 Ti rotor (Beckman Coulter) at 4°C and 125755 g for 4 hr. After centrifugation the topmost 5 ml of the gradient were discarded and the remaining volume was manually fractionated into thirty-three 1 ml fractions. Fractions were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and NAGE as described, except that nucleic acids were stained using SYBR Safe dye (1:5000 dilution; v/v).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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61,891 |
Research performed with Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) of poor or unknown quality constitutes a waste of resources and is unethical . Unfortunately this practice is widespread . Selecting the best PROM for the outcome of interest (i.e., to be used in an evaluative application) in a methodologically sound way requires (1) high-quality studies on the measurement properties of relevant PROMs in the target population and (2) a high-quality systematic review of studies on measurement properties in which all information is gathered and evaluated in a systematic and transparent way.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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335,129 |
The thermal (Figure 3) and mechanical properties (Figure 4) of the CSPPSU-vinylon membranes, prepared by varying the amount of PVA added, were investigated. The CSPPSU-vinylon membrane exhibited a lower desorption of the sulfone groups and had a lower decomposition temperature of the polymer backbone than the CSPPSU membrane (Figure 3, Table 3). The thermal behavior of the CSPPSU-vinylon membrane on the amount of PVA added was similar. As for the weight reduction ratio of water due to water vaporization, the CSPPSU-vinylon membrane had a higher water content than the CSPPSU membrane (Table 3). In the TGA (thermal gravimetric analysis) curves for the CSPPSU sample, residuals (inorganic substances) appeared after 600 °C. However, every CSPPSU-vinylon sample burned at 600 °C. This suggests that the SPPSU and the vinylon were crosslinked into one polymer.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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127,702 |
SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus that was first recognised as a cause of respiratory infection in early 2020 and causes COVID-19 in humans. 83·6 million cases of COVID-19 and 1·8 million COVID-19-related deaths have been reported worldwide as of Dec 31, 2020.7 Viral respiratory infections are associated with an increased risk of subsequent bacterial infections, especially invasive diseases and pneumonia. For example, the high mortality of the 1918 influenza pandemic was strongly associated with post-viral pneumonia caused by S pneumoniae in the absence of antimicrobials to treat bacterial pneumonia.8, 9, 10, 11, 12 Therefore, there is potential for increased rates of invasive bacterial diseases subsequent to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Alternatively, containment measures initiated in many countries to reduce viral transmission could result in decreased invasive disease due to a concomitant reduction in transmission of respiratory-associated bacteria.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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257,661 |
STIL scatter plot based on osteosarcoma chips in the GEO and ArrayExpress databases. a E-MEXP-3628, b GSE11414, c GSE12865, d GSE14359, e GSE126209, f GSE33383, g GSE36001, h GSE39262, i GSE42352, j GSE68591, k GSE87625, l GSE99671, and m GSE19276. STIL, SCL/TAL1 interrupting locus. GEO Gene Expression Omnibus
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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102,031 |
The laboratory at University of Salzburg used the same apparatus as described in Experiment 1. Procedures were identical between Salzburg and LMU with the exception that in Salzburg, instead of wearing glasses, the teacher or the parent was asked to close the eyes during calibration to ensure that the eye tracker recorded the child's and not the adult's gaze. Both laboratories used the same Tobii Studio project for stimulus presentation, data acquisition and data preprocessing.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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84,957 |
This is because, as a process theory, the specific couplings of action and body are left unspecified; which systems in the brain encode the uncertainty of some cognitive domain? What are the functional dissociations themselves; e.g., what solution has nature found to optimize the brain-body-econiche ensemble? In what specific ways do the affordances disclosed by these relations impact the cortical hierarchy, and vice-versa (Bruineberg and Rietveld 2014)? By providing much needed guideline to discovery (Chemero 2011), FEP renders a productive union of the embodied cognition and information theory, allowing the enactivist not only to describe the importance of the body, but to also build models of the brain-body-world relationship (See Friston et al. 2012a, b for one illustrative example).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
124,080 |
Routine blood test items of HF patients in admission were collected from our medical record system, including serum creatinine (Scr), N-terminal Prohormone of Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP), troponine-T (cTnT), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and C-reactive protein (CRP), etc. Furthermore, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by MDRD formula and CKD-EPI formula based on the value of Scr and adjusted by patient’s age and sex2223. MDRD formula was described as follows: eGFR for male = 175 × (Scr × 0.0113)−1.154 × age−0.203 and eGFR for female = 175 × (Scr × 0.0113)−1.154 × age−0.203 × 0.742, respectively. Well, CKD-EPI formula was more complicated because it was dependent on not only sex but also the range of Scr level, and the specific equations were depicted as below: for male with Scr ≤ 80: eGFR = 141 × (Scr × 0.0113/0.9)−0.411 × 0.993age, for male with Scr > 80: eGRF = 141 × (Scr × 0.0113/0.9)−1.209 × 0.993age, for female with Scr ≤ 62: eGFR = 144 × (Scr × 0.0113/0.7)−0.329 × 0.993age, and for female with Scr > 62: eGFR = 144 × (Scr × 0.0113/0.7)−1.209 × 0.993age. As these formulae mentioned above, the unit of eGFR was ml/min/1.73 m2, the unit of Scr was μmol/L, and the unit of age was year.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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240,790 |
As evidenced by works of Szafir et al. and Dragan et al. there exist intrinsic signaling abilities in UAVs. In our work, we merely assume that such capabilities exists (along with the ability to produce a message set of appropriate cardinality) but do not concern ourselves with its physical implementation or specific characteristics, i.e., with how the message manifests physically. In the context of our example from Figure 1, this assumption means that there exist two messages which are interpreted by the rescuee as the rescuer’s intent to go to either of the two ‘target’ plains. With this as the background, our aim is to derive efficient algorithms to determine which message the rescuer should send to minimize its and the rescuee’s effort.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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21,229 |
Regression models make use of mixed effects models for modelling the covariance structure of the phenotypes, as well as population structure . These two approaches have a limited practical use since with a large number of correlated traits, they require the simultaneous estimation of too many parameters . As an alternative, data reduction methods based on the transformation of the original traits to a reduced number of canonical traits have been proposed [18–20] with the intent of applying the traditional single trait analyses to these new variables. Generally, the canonical variables are obtained through a given mathematical model that transforms the original phenotypic data in a new space of reduced dimensionality where the new coordinate axes (also called components) define new phenotypic quantities obtained synthetically. In particular, Principal Components Analysis (PCA) has been applied for this purpose [17, 21, 22].
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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344,711 |
Conclusively based on the presented results, the following summarized mechanism is suggested for the dhaB mutant strain's redox metabolism: initially high substrate uptake rates and PDO deficiency lead to elevated NADH/NAD ratios. Compared to the R525 strain, this results in a higher upregulation of the butanol producing pathway and allows sufficient and constant NADH reoxidation by the activated bifurcating reaction of crotonyl‐CoA to butyryl‐CoA. In C. acetobutylicum, butanol formation is controlled by the redox sensitive regulator Rex, which is activated (derepressed) by high NADH/NAD ratios and governs the expression of genes involved in butanol synthesis and NADH consuming pathways [34, 35]. The Rex protein of C. pasteurianum possesses 76% identity to the corresponding protein from C. acetobutylicum . Hence, it is assumed that the observed increase in the butanol production for the dhaB mutant strain is driven by Rex activation at high NADH/NAD ratios. The assumption might also be supported by the fact that compared to the R525 strain, less butyrate was produced. In C. acetobutylicum, Rex has also been shown to cause downregulation of the two enzymes phosphate butyryltransferase and butyrate kinase . Both are inevitably required for butyrate formation. For the R525 strain, butyrate production took place from the beginning of fermentation. The dhaB strain contrarily only showed significant butyrate production after about 13 h at already decreased NADH levels and also lowered butanol production rates. Schwartz et al. also observed lower butyrate production and re‐utilization in Rex mutants of C. pasteurianum. When butyrate is re‐assimilated C. pasteurianum, the butyrate molecule reacts with acetoacetyl‐CoA and butyryl‐CoA plus acetoacetate are formed . The latter is then converted into acetone. However, no acetone could be detected in the samples by HPLC, even when butyrate was taken up by the cells.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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383,715 |
Several animal models have been used to mimic cellular complexities that occur in human periodontal diseases. Gram-negative bacteria are thought to be important periodontal pathogens. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) component of the cell wall of these microorganisms, is a significant inflammatory stimulus that triggers an innate immune response. Thus, injections of LPS into the mouse gingival tissues is capable of recreating a sterile model of periodontal inflammation (PI), not involving the pervasive nature of untreated bacterial infections [15, 16]. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 are involved in the recognition of various bacterial cell wall components, including LPS, by potentiating the inflammasome signaling cascade via NF-κB activation, expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production [17, 18]. The assembly of the inflammasome protein complex can trigger the maturation and secretion of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), induction of downstream cytokines, and pyroptosis, potentiating the inflammatory microenvironment [19–24]. IL-1β, a recognized product of pyroptotic cell death and key cytokine in cancer progression, has already been selected as a target for cancer immunotherapy. However, the efficacy of such antagonists is complicated by the fact that IL-1β is associated with the recruitment of immune cell that can be both pro- and antitumorigenic . Myeloid derived immune suppressor cells (MDSCs) represent a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells that include granulocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells that have protumorigenic properties and are associated with establishing the premetastatic niche . MDSC are correlated with metastases of nonsmall cell lung cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma [27–29]. The macrophage can also contribute to the premetastatic niche, as their recruitment is part of the innate immune surveillance . In this study, we use breast cancer models to study the effect of PI on tumor progression and metastasis.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
350 |
(A) Increased synaptic activity up-regulates Satb2 protein depending on calcium influx through L-type VGCC. Representative Western blot (top) and quantification (bottom) of the Satb2 protein level 24 hr after Bic/4AP treatment in the presence or absence of L-VGCC blocker nimodipine or NMDAR antagonist MK-801 (n = 10, 6, 7, 5; ANOVA followed by Hochberg post hoc test; F3,24 = 9.171, Ctrl vs. Bic/4AP, p = 0.002; Ctrl vs. Bic/4AP+MK-801, p = 0.006; Bic/4AP vs. Bic/4AP+Nim, p = 0.011). (B) BDNF and NT4 significantly increase Satb2 protein 24 hr after treatment. Representative Western blot image (top) and quantification of the Satb2 protein level (bottom) are shown, n = 4; ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test, F4,15 = 15.4, Ctrl vs. BDNF, p = 0.0004; Ctrl vs. NT4, p = 0.0002. (C) TTX application does not prevent Satb2 induction by BDNF but abolishes Satb2 up-regulation by synaptic activity. Representative image of immunoblot analysis (top) and quantification of the Satb2 protein level (bottom) are shown, n = 3–7; ANOVA followed by Hochberg post hoc test, F4,22 = 12.5, Ctrl vs. BDNF, p = 0.002, Ctrl vs. BDNF+ TTX, p = 0.001, Ctrl vs. Bic/4AP, p = 0.0004, Bic/4AP vs. Bic/4AP+TTX, p = 0.002. Treatments with Bic/4AP also contained MK-801. (D) Treatment with the Trk inhibitor K252a completely blocks the up-regulation of Satb2 by both BDNF and Bic/4AP Representative image of Western blot (top) and quantification of the Satb2 protein level (bottom) are shown, n = 4–6; ANOVA followed by Hochberg post hoc test, F4,20 = 15.6 Ctrl vs. BDNF, p = 0.001, Ctrl vs. Bic/4AP, p = 0.0001, BDNF vs. BDNF+K252a, p = 0.002, Bic/4AP vs. Bic/4AP+K252a, p = 0.0002. Treatment with Bic/4AP also contained MK-801. (E) Blockade of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway with UO126 inhibits the induction of Satb2 by BDNF. Representative image of Western blot (top) and quantification of Satb2 protein levels (bottom) are shown, n = 4; ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test, F3,12 = 26.7, Ctrl vs. BDNF, p = 0.003; BDNF vs. BDNF+UO126, p = 0.001. (F) Inhibition of ERK1/2-downstream kinase MSK1 prevents BDNF-induced Satb2 up-regulation. Representative image of Western blot (top) and quantification (bottom) are shown, n = 4–5; ANOVA followed by Hochberg post hoc test, F2,11 = 11.4, Ctrl vs. BDNF, p = 0.002, BDNF vs. BDNF+SB747651A, p = 0.018. In (A–F), data are presented as mean ± SEM of the indicated number of experiments, n values refer to the number of independent hippocampal cultures, *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001, compared with Ctrl; #p < 0.05; ##p < 0.01; ###p < 0.001, compared with BDNF; +p < 0.05; ++p < 0.01; +++p < 0.001, compared with Bic/4AP.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
167,332 |
Comparing pre and post-intervention scores with respect to dissociation (FDS-20), patients in the CORDIS group improved with a mean of 4.98 (SD 8.73) points (BCa 95% CI [1.56, 9.01]), patients in the SHG improved with a mean of 0.93 (SD 7.61) points (BCa 95% CI [− 2.32, 4.84]). ANCOVA, adjusting for pre-intervention FDS-20 scores, revealed no significant effect of the intervention (F (1, 40) = 2.89, p = 0.15, partial η2 = 0.05, 90% CI [0.00, 0.20]), with effect size indicating a small to medium effect.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
44,167 |
Metabolic activity of HepG2 cells was examined by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay (Serva, Electrophoresis GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany) as described by Mosmann (1983). After the treatment, the cells were washed with PBS and MTT dissolved in complete media was added at the final concentration of 0.5 mg/ml. After 4 h of incubation, at 37°C with 5% CO2, the media was aspirated and 10% SDS-0.01 N HCl was added to dissolve formazan. The absorbance was measured with a microplate reader (Tecan Austria GmbH, Grödig, Austria) at a wavelength of 570 nm. Results are presented as percentage of metabolic activity of treated cells compared to control.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
311,568 |
Confocal microscopy of live Tg(kdrl:nlsEGFP)zf109 and Tg(kdrl:ras-mCherry)s896 embryos was performed as previously described . Tg(kdrl:nlsEGFP)zf109 embryos were manually dechorionated and incubated with EtOH carrier or 0.08 µg ml−1 latrunculin B from 16 hpf prior to live imaging at 19 hpf. Tg(kdrl:ras-mCherry)s896 embryos were manually dechorionated prior to imaging at approximately 24 hpf. Embryos were mounted in 1% low-melt agarose in glass bottom dishes, which were subsequently filled with media supplemented with 0.0045% 1-phenyl-2-thiourea and 0.1% tricaine, as well as EtOH carrier or 0.08 µg ml−1 latrunculin B for Tg(kdrl:nlsEGFP)zf109 embryos. Tg(kdrl:nlsEGFP)zf109 embryos were imaged using a 20x dipping objective on a Zeiss LSM 700 confocal microscope. Tg(kdrl:ras-mCherry)s896 embryos were imaged using a 20x dipping objective on a Zeiss LSM 880 confocal microscope with Airyscan. Embryos were maintained at 28°C and stacks were recorded at every 0.3 h for Tg(kdrl:nlsEGFP)zf109 embryos or every 0.3 s for Tg(kdrl:ras-mCherry)s896 embryos. Tracking of cell motility was performed in ImageJ using the manual tracking plugin. All cell tracking recordings were normalized at each time point relative to the position of the dorsal aorta to account for any dorsal or ventral drift of embryos during imaging.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
199,061 |
Data set fixation_pwrlaw: Ethics statement: All patients participated in a purely voluntary manner, after providing informed written consent, under experimental protocols approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Washington (#12193). All patient data was anonymized according to IRB protocol, in accordance with HIPAA mandate. These data originally appeared in the manuscript “Power-Law Scaling in the Brain Surface Electric Potential” published in PLoS Computational Biology in 2009 .
| 1 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
377,550 |
Survival analysis was conducted separately for overall survival and cause-specific survival. The overall survival probabilities of PCa patients according to MDS and physical activity were estimated through the Kaplan-Meier method and survival differences were tested through the log-rank test . Hazard ratios (HRs) of all-cause death and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models . To account for competing risks, cause-specific mortality was evaluated through cumulative incidence and differences according to strata were tested through Gray’s test . HRs were estimated through the Cox model, accounting for competitive risk according to the Fine–Gray model . The proportional hazards assumption was assessed through the Schoenfeld residuals and including interactions with follow-up time . HRs were adjusted for area of residence, year of cancer diagnosis (continuous), age at diagnosis (continuous), education (<7, 7–11, ≥12 years), Gleason score (2–6, 7, 8–10, unknown), smoking habits (never, former, current), abdominal obesity (no, yes), and total energy intake (kJ/day). Interaction between MDS and physical activity was tested through the estimation of relative excess risk due to interaction and the synergic index . Statistical significance was claimed for p < 0.05 (two-tailed).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
311,835 |
To assess the accuracy of the displacement predictions, it would be convenient to use maximum values of displacements obtained from the high-fidelity FEM solutions (reference) as normalization factors. These normalizations are given as: (31)χ¯=χ / χmaxFEM (χ=U,V,W) where maximum values of the reference displacements are UmaxFEM=−0.0125 m, VmaxFEM=−0.1588 m, and WmaxFEM=−0.3017 m. The legend “iFEM” represents the isogeometric iFEM solutions, whereas the legend “Reference” represents the high-fidelity FEM solutions (henceforward, refer to all graphs). In Figure 6, maximum values of the iFEM and FEM predictions for the U¯, V¯, W¯ normalized displacements given in Equation (31) are plotted, versus the number of element subdivisions (ne) of the Scordelis–Lo roof, respectively.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
206,473 |
(i) Subjects. Nine healthy male subjects (average age, 41 years) received a single IV 400-mg rezafungin infusion containing 200 μCi of [14C]-rezafungin. Of the 9 subjects, 4 (44.4%) were Black/African American, 4 (44.4%) were White, and 1 (11.1%) was Asian. Seven (77.7%) subjects were of non–Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. The median height, weight, and BMI of subjects were 182.1 cm, 81.1 kg, and 24.1 kg/m2, respectively.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
74,848 |
Finally, the overall computation amount is the sum of the above two parts, namely we totally need Cm=CmI+CmII times multiplication and Ca=CaI+CaII times addition. After simplifying the equations, we have Cm and Ca as: (24)Cm=N+L−2rL2(1−r)log2L+N+L−2rL(1−r)Ca=MLlog2L=N+L−2rL(1−r)log2L+N+L−2rL(1−r) whereas for the direct-FFT method, it totally takes one times N-point FFT, division and IFFT, so the total computation amount is N⋅log2N+N times multiplication together with 2N⋅log2N times addition.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
211,895 |
A. thaliana Col-0 as well as cpsf30-3 (Pontier et al., 2019) mutants were cultivated in vitro on plates containing 2.20 g/l synthetic Murashige and Skoog (MS) (Duchefa) medium, pH 5.7, and 8 g/l agar. fip37-4 LEC1:FIP37 (Shen et al., 2016) were grown on plates containing 4.41 g/l MS medium, pH 5.7, 1% sucrose, and 8 g/l agar; 9-day-old seedlings were collected under a microscope. The seeds were surface-sterilized, sown on plates, incubated for 48 hr at 6°C in the dark, and placed in a growth cabinet at 20°C with a 16-h-d/8-h-dark cycle and 130 μE m−2 s−1 light (LEDs with white 4500K spectrum, purchased from Vegeled) for 9 days. Total RNA was isolated from 50 mg of seedlings using the TRI reagent (Cat. No. TR-118; Euromedex) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
225,773 |
To fully decipher the mechanism underlying COVID-19 disease susceptibility, researchers are considering several possible contributing factors . Vitamin D deficiency has emerged as a leading candidate . Although concrete evidence about vitamin D’s therapeutic role in COVID-19 has yet to be confirmed through randomized controlled trials (RCTs), vitamin D is associated with protective effects . Such effects arise because vitamin D, as an essential prohormone that maintains bone homeostasis, also mediates many important non-skeletal functions, including modulating the immune system .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
211,153 |
In addition to suppressing inflammation, polyphenols also prevent tumor-induced dysfunction of effector T cells and restore the immunological surveillance, thus repressing carcinogenesis . However, the antitumor activity of polyphenols seemly depends on settings. Researchers discovered that treatment with gallic acid strikingly facilitated tumorigenesis in the proximal gut of ApcMin/+ mice that express mutant p53, not wild-type p53 . Coincidently, AOM/DSS mice treated with Streptococcus gallolyticus could degrade tannin to gallic acid and had more colorectal tumors with high malignancy. Mechanistically, Streptococcus gallolyticus selectively recruited tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells and thus maintained an immune-suppressive microenvironment . Nevertheless, whether gallic acid mediated the tumor-promoting effect of Streptococcus gallolyticus will need further exploration.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
109,272 |
The analysis of LC3 immunostaining clearly showed two types of positivity: uniform cytoplasmic staining, corresponding to LC3I (Fig. 1Aa) and a punctate cytoplasmic LC3-staining pattern specific to LC3II and therefore to autophagy (Fig. 1Ab). Furthermore, autophagy was frequent in NB (80% of the tumors) but with a very low intensity (mean intensity 0.83). These data were confirmed by Western blot analysis where LC3II expression was found in 12 out of 19 tumors (63%) (Fig. 1B). The cytoplasmic expression of Beclin 1 was also expressed in a majority of NB (83%) but with a low intensity (mean intensity 1.03) (Fig. 1Ac, Table 1). These data were confirmed by Western blot analysis showing Beclin 1 expression in 17 out of 19 tumors (90%) (Fig. 1B).Fig. 1Evaluation of the level and the regulation of autophagy in NB and its correlation with apoptosis. A Autophagy was evaluated in TMA sections from NB tumor samples by immunohistochemistry using antibodies anti-LC3B (A.a,b) or anti-Beclin 1 (A.c). The expression levels of pmTOR (A.e) and pAKT (A.f), two autophagy-regulating proteins, were also studied on the same samples. Apoptosis was tested by TUNEL (A.d). Scale bars: 100 μm. B Immunoblotting analysis was performed on protein lysates from different frozen matched tumor samples with antibodies against either LC3B or Beclin 1 for autophagy and against cleaved caspase-3 for apoptosis. C The expression of LC3II and TUNEL positivity were semi-quantified according to the stage of tumors. D The ratio LC3II/LC3I and cleaved caspase-3 expression were evaluated by densitometry using tumor samples
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
26,200 |
Blood of mice was obtained from the submandibular vein (Goldenrod animal lancet; Braintree Scientific) and collected in Microtainer tubes (Becton Dickinson). Fasting mouse sera were prepared from 3-, 10- and 16-week-old male Ank +/+ and Ank KI/KI mice. Fasting human plasma was obtained from seven CMD patients. Research involving human subjects has been approved by the University of Connecticut Health Institutional Review Board (IRB number: 03-008-1) and written informed consent has been obtained from all participants. Concentrations of mouse intact FGF23 (mouse intact FGF23 ELISA kit; Kainos), mouse C-terminal FGF23 form (mouse FGF23 C-terminal ELISA kit; Immutopics), human intact FGF23 and C-terminal FGF23 form (human FGF23 intact ELISA kit, human FGF23 C-terminal ELISA kit; Immutopics), mouse/human 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-hydroxy vitamin D kit; IDS), mouse and human intact PTH (mouse and human intact PTH ELISA kit; Immutopics) were determined according to manufacturers’ instructions.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
340,305 |
Cys-peptide-npp resins (1 mg dry resin) were placed in two test tubes and swelled for 24 h with 0.3 mL of 0.1 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) (Wako) solution (in DMF). The swollen resins were washed five times with DMF. One test tube was incubated with 1 mL of 100 mM test compound solution (in DMF) at room temperature (20–25 °C) for 24 h (test). The other test tube was incubated in DMF at room temperature for 24 h (control). After incubation, the resins were washed once with DMF and then five times with H2O/acetonitrile/TFA (95:5:0.01, v/v). Cys-peptide-npp resins were irradiated with UV light for 20 min to cleave the peptide from the resins in 300 µL of the cleavage solution (95% MilliQ water, 5% acetonitrile, and 0.01% TFA). Then the absorbed substances on the resin were washed out by 300 µL of the wash solution (50% acetonitrile, 50% MilliQ water). Both the cleavage solution and the wash solution were analyzed using MALDI-TOF MS or HPLC.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
12,466 |
Living embryos in nuclear cycle 12 or cycle 14 were imaged at 21°C using an inverted Zeiss 880 microscope fitted with an Airyscan detector. The system was equipped with Plan-Apochromat 63×/1.4-NA oil lens. 488-nm argon and 561-nm diode lasers were used to excite GFP and mCherry, respectively (sequential excitation of each wavelength was switched per line to ensure green and red channels were aligned). Sections of five slices with 0.2-µm-thick intervals were collected every 1 min with a zoom value of 24.6 pixels/µm. Focus was readjusted between the 1-min intervals. Images were Airy-processed in 3D with a strength value of “auto” (∼6) or 6.5.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
144,814 |
Several studies have shown that DI modulates different signaling pathways to exert effects. DI protects against fungal keratitis by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway . It also prevents LPS-induced mastitis by activating MAPK and Nrf2 and inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway and LPS-induced endometritis by suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway . The immunomodulatory effects of dimethyl chlortetracycline on IL-17-IκBς axis-induced inflammation were observed in an animal model of imiquimod-induced psoriasis . In this study, KEGG enrichment analysis suggested a significant effect of DI on many signaling pathways such as TLR, IL-17, and PI3K-AKT, which are involved in the regulation of oxidative stress processes. Therefore, DI alleviates macrophage pyroptosis, the underlying mechanism is related to the oxidative stress response, but whether it is related to these signaling pathways needs to be investigated further.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
213,229 |
CO2-TPD was performed to evaluate the number of basic sites available on the surface of the reduced hydrotalcite-derived catalysts. CO2-TPD profiles (Figure 5) were deconvoluted into three gaussian curves with maxima at the ranges 125–150 °C, 185–220 °C, and 270–340 °C, corresponding to weak, medium-strenght, and strong basic sites, subsequently. The values corresponding to distribution of each type of sites are compared in Table 2. The lower number of total basic sites was found for the non-promoted catalyst Ni-CP-V0.0. With the increase of vanadium content, the amount of basic sites significantly increases. Promotion with 1 wt% of V resulted in doubling the number of total basic sites, confirming the strong basic properties of vanadium.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
98,761 |
Data analysis was performed according to systematic text condensation through the following steps: 1) Reading the material to obtain an overall impression, bracketing preconceptions, 2) identifying units of meaning, representing different aspects of the participants’ learning experiences and coding for these, 3) condensing and abstracting the meaning within each of the coded groups, and 4) summarizing the contents of each coded group to generalized descriptions and concepts reflecting participants’ most prominent learning experiences, Fig. 1 . The figure illustrates keywords during the development of categories, as well as the non-linearity of the analytic process. Codes are malleable and vary in the course of analysis. Analysis was performed stepwise, with new focus group interviews supplementing the sample. Categories and findings were developed from the empirical data using editing analysis style . Analysis was supported by Lave and Wenger’s theory regarding situated learning . All authors were involved during the analysis process. We focused especially on the participants’ experiences regarding dialogues with patients, relatives and nurses, and decision-making processes concerning EOL care in nursing homes.Fig. 1Analytic process, modified with permission after Malterud 2011
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
149,285 |
EC identification can be performed before and after kidney transplantation. We hypothesized that upon injury, cells within the capillaries are likely to get released from the graft. After organ transplantation, characterization of EC from peripheral blood represents a valuable methodology to avoid invasive diagnostic procedures. Furthermore, understanding the phenotypical determinants of cEC could aid in clinical decision making, developing efficacious strategies for organ repair, and improving long-term graft survival after transplantation.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
2,566 |
The first category includes techniques that make use of one or multiple in-band energy patterns in order to perform technology identification, inform about their actions or achieve synchronization between multiple networks that participate in the cooperation scheme.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
157,459 |
Following DNA sequence verification, rom2(1674-2724)-gfp-pyrG+ was transformed into A. fumigatus KU80ΔpyrG− by polyethylen glycol (PEG)-mediated fusion of protoplasts (54). Positive transformants were selected by uridine/uracil autotrophy and verified by PCR and western blot analysis. For PCR confirmation, a pair of primers P7 and P8 were used to amplify the cnh region (rom2C) of the rom2 gene. The product was obtained from the parental strain but not from the mutant, suggesting the successful deletion of the cnh coding region in the rom2 gene. Primers P9 and P10 were used to amplify the gfp-pyrG cassette from the mutant but not from the parental strain, demonstrating that the gfp-pyrG cassette has been incorporated into the genomic DNA of the mutant. Primers P11 and P12 were used to amplify a region from the rom2 gene (1.4 kb upstream of cnh) to the 5′ region of the gfp-pyrG cassette (493 bp at the 5′ region). The product was only obtained from the mutant but not from the parental strain. Furthermore, primers P13 and P14 were used to amplify the region from 3′ of the gfp-pyrG (526 bp) cassette to the downstream 1.5 kb of cnh. Again, the product was only obtained from the mutant but not from the parental strain. Primer pairs of P11-P12 and P13-P14 were used to demonstrate that the gfp-pyrG cassette has been incorporated into the correct locus in the A. fumigatus genome. To further validate the mutant, Southern blotting was conducted. Using the left homologous region as probe and NcoI digestion of genomic DNA, the hybridization band of the mutant (1,628 bp) was expected and different from the band of the parental strain (1,853 bp), demonstrating the single correct integration of the deletion cassette at the CNH domain locus.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
208,204 |
Psychotic disorders consist of diverse symptoms, some of which are shared by other disorders. For instance, auditory hallucinations can occur in psychosis, depression and anxiety disorders (APA, 2013). Anhedonia is both an important negative symptom for psychosis and a core feature of depression (APA, 2013). However, studies examining association between inflammation and specific symptoms of psychosis are limited. Existing studies have reported an association of CRP with negative symptoms (Boozalis et al., 2017), general psychopathology (Fan et al., 2007) and cognitive dysfunction (Dickerson et al., 2007; Johnsen et al., 2016) in patients with psychosis. Psychotic symptoms reported by adolescents and adults in general population thought to exist in a continuum with clinical psychosis (van Os et al., 2009), and are associated with a range of psychotic and non-psychotic disorders cross-sectionally and longitudinally (Kelleher et al., 2012b; McGrath et al., 2016; Poulton et al., 2000; Zammit et al., 2013). However, to our knowledge no population-based studies have examined the association between CRP and positive and negative symptoms of psychosis in a general population-based sample.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
132,211 |
The antimicrobial resistance of the isolated Salmonella strains was evaluated against 14 antimicrobial agents belonging to 10 classes or categories. The phenotypic antimicrobial profiles were classified as resistant, susceptible, and intermediate according to the criteria of the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines and the results are presented in Table 4 and Supplementary Material 1. Our findings showed that tetracycline (85.90%; 67/78) and ampicillin (84.62%; 66/78) were the most resistant antimicrobial agent, followed by chloramphenicol (71.80%; 56/78) and nalidixic acid (61.54%; 48/78). Additionally, after considering the results of intermediate resistance as resistant strains, our findings showed that 89.74% (70/78) of isolates were resistant at least to one antimicrobial class, 87.18% (68/78) were resistant to at least two antimicrobial classes, and 85.90% (67/78) were resistant to at least three antimicrobial classes and were considered as MDR (Figure 1A).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
52,642 |
Participants were initially provided with paper record sheets to record the day, date, time, type, and amount of all foods and drinks consumed; they could also record any recipe in the food record sheets. These food diaries were adapted from those previously used at The Institute of Food Research . Participants also recorded the day, date, time type, duration, and intensity of any activity undertaken in the activity sheet. The paper diaries were collected and reviewed with participants every 2 weeks during a face-to-face meeting (10-30 min) between each participant and the researcher. If participants did not attend 2 consecutive meetings with the researchers and were not contactable, they were considered as no longer wishing to take part in the study (lost to follow-up).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
28,625 |
Three human GBC cell lines (GBC-SD, EHGB-1 and NOZ) were used in this study. GBC-SD was purchased from Cell Bank of the Chinese Academy of Science (Shanghai, China). NOZ was purchased from the Health Science Research Resources Bank (Osaka, Japan). EHGB-1 was a generous gift from Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital and Institute, The Second Military University, Shanghai, China. The cell lines were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (Gibco BRL, Grand Island, NY, USA), containing 10 % fetal bovine serum (FBS, HyClone, Invitrogen, Camarillo, CA, USA), 100 μg/ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). Cells were maintained in a humidified incubator at 37 °C in the presence of 5 % CO2.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
332,563 |
The Kaplan-Meier method32 was used to compare the durations of overall survival (OS) and the durations of DFS between groups of patients that have tumours with versus without mutations in the MAPK pathway genes. Here, we also compared the OS and DFS durations for groups of patients with tumours that had: (1) mutations in genes of only one signalling module of the MAPK pathway; (2) mutations in genes of multiple MAPK signalling modules; and (3) with no mutations in genes of the MAPK pathways (see Fig. 1a and Supplementary File 2). In addition, we compared the OS and DFS durations for groups of patients with tumours that had mutations in genes that encode: (1), only one class of MAPK pathway proteins (e.g., MAPKKKs, or MAPKs); (2) multiple classes of the MAPK pathway proteins; and (3) with no mutations in genes that encode any MAPK pathway proteins (see Fig. 1b and Supplementary File 2). Note: we conducted all the survival analyses without considering any of the covariates that are likely to influence the OS and DFS outcomes of the cancer patients. Also, we exclude from our survival analyses, the sample of the “undefined” groups (unknown mutation status of the MAPK pathway module or MAPK pathway genes that encode specific MAPK proteins).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
141,487 |
The BREAST-Q questionnaire is a PROM developed especially for breast cancer patients undergoing breast surgery. Independent modules are available for the different surgical interventions (e.g., mastectomy, reconstruction, augmentation). The BREAST-Q questionnaire was developed using extensive patient input and Rasch psychometric methods.20,21 It is a psychometrically validated and reliable PROM,22 serving as a perfect candidate to fill the gap of a standardized measurement instrument. The breast-conserving therapy (BCT) module is the most recently added module, meeting the needs of this patient group.22,23
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
279,825 |
Given the burden, trends, and multidimensional nature of ASCVD, there has never been a greater need and opportunity for the creation of a dedicated subspecialty in cardiovascular disease prevention. Looking across the United States, one can observe that this is already happening spontaneously through new preventive cardiology and cardiometabolic medicine programs.8,36,39 However, while these secular trends are certainly a step in the right direction, preventive cardiology programs and subspecialty training remain fragmented and unstandardized. Moreover, preventive cardiology is not the sole domain of cardiologists; rather, programs greatly benefit from a broad range of specialists in endocrinology, internal medicine, preventive medicine, family medicine, and obstetrics/gynecology. Regardless of background, a preventive cardiologist of any stripe requires broad expertise in the core competencies of ASCVD risk assessment, lifestyle management, and ASCVD and comorbidity evaluation and treatment.8,36 Table 2 provides a list of common referrals to a Center for Preventive Cardiology.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
392,180 |
His full blood count, serum electrolytes, renal function tests, and liver function tests were normal. Thyroid function tests, parathyroid hormone levels, serum calcium levels, and serum ceruloplasmin levels were also within normal limits. Electroencephalogram (EEG) showed mild diffuse nonspecific encephalopathy with no epileptiform activity. The MRI brain with contrast showed multiple T2, bright FLAIR signal in the periventricular subcortical white matter, consistent with microvascular angiopathy, and subtle bright FLAIR signal in the left basal ganglia, claustrum, and sub- and peri-insular cortex extending into the left parietal parasagittal cortex with normalizing bright diffusion signal concerning for the subacute infarct. CJD was reported as another differential diagnosis (Figures 1, 2).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 3Clinical case
|
116,637 |
Our particular patient has a novel pathogenic variant in POLG, which adds to the variant spectrum of this condition. This variant is not present in the Exome Aggregation Consortium database22 in either a heterozygous or homozygous state, demonstrating its uncommon nature in humans. Despite the uniqueness of this variant, it appears to result in a rather pedestrian SANDO symptomatology. The proband displays the classic symptoms of sensory ataxia neuropathy, dysarthria and ophthalmoplegia. The magnetic resonance imaging brain scan revealed signs of encephalopathy, a known symptom of the phenotype, but curiously, the proband did not present a history of seizures that often accompanies such degeneration. It is possible that the seizures will appear in time, considering the relatively short history of symptoms our proband has experienced. Aside from this small deviation, she appears to present the classic SANDO phenotype.2
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
45,389 |
In conclusion, our results suggest a complex coherence dynamics and their role in photo-induced electron transfer at organic interfaces: electron delocalization occurs on a femtosecond time scale, during which the electron wavefunction spreads in the acceptor phase. Although the extent of the electron wavefunction in PCBM is limited to only several molecules, it is already sufficient to facilitate an average electron-hole separation distance of ~2.5 nm on a femtosecond time scale. Coherent propagation also shapes the “initial” e-h distance distribution, which can be implemented in classical hopping models that are valid at time scales >500 fs – the transition time from coherent propagation to incoherent hopping. Finally, it should be noted that our proposed model is not specific to OSCs and may be generalized to explain charge transfer not only at any molecular interface but also in other collectively coupled molecular systems.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
186,612 |
Figure 3 shows employment growth from 2007 to 2019 by household income decile. To be clear, here we are using repeated cross‐sectional data, and so we are simply comparing the employment rates of those who are in a given decile in 2007 and those who are in that same decile in 2019, who need not be the same people. The sharpest growth in employment (of 25‐ to 64‐year‐olds) was seen in the second and third household income deciles, with 11ppt and 9ppt increases in their employment rates respectively. Employment in the remaining deciles increased by around 3–4ppts.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
257,030 |
CNAP is a method for noninvasive and continuous BP measurement. For this purpose, two finger cuffs are connected to an optical unit. The inflowing blood volume to the finger is kept constant by the cuff and only the pressure pulse is assessed photoplethysmographically. Calibration is performed on the ipsilateral UA using the oscillometric method. The time frame for recalibration can be modified to a maximum of up to 30 min. A calibration can be initiated autonomously by the device during use if a systematic difference is measured between both finger cuffs. This function was switched off for our experiments, in order to have the maximum time frame available. The main advantage of CNAP is the visualization and recording of the arterial BP curve.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
369,143 |
With the development of mastitis, the pathways related to the migration of inflammatory cells were significantly regulated, which caused inflammatory cells and factors to aggregate in the lesion to produce comprehensive proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. The H&E staining results showed that inflammatory cells, such as neutrophils and macrophages, were concentrated in the lumen during 24 h of mammary tissue challenge by S. aureus. Integrin (Itg) participates in proliferation, migration and signal transduction. Itg can mediate the adhesion of neutrophils to vascular endothelial cells, induce proinflammatory cytokine genes, and participate in physical defense. In this experiment, both integrin beta (Itgb2), integrin alpha M (Itgam) and integrin subunit alpha L (Itgal) were found to be upregulated. These proteins participate in multiple pathways, including complement and coagulation cascades, phagosome, and the S. aureus infection pathway. Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (Vasp) is an actin-binding protein that regulates leukocyte aggregation and polarization. Vasp, neutrophil cytosolic factor 4 (Ncf4), rac family small GTPase 2 (Rac2), etc., participate in the leukocyte transendothelial migration (rno04670) pathway.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
121,937 |
In the genetic association analysis, we fitted a copula model for the joint distribution of SBP adj and GE j,adj, j = 1, 2, …, 848, conditional on each single variant SEQ i in and around the gene,1\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ F\left(SB{P}_{adj},G{E}_{j,adj}\Big|SE{Q}_i\right) = {C}_{\psi}\left({F}_1\left(SB{P}_{adj}\Big|SE{Q}_i\right),{F}_2\left(G{E}_{j,adj}\Big|SE{Q}_i\right)\right) $$\end{document}FSBPadj,GEj,adj|SEQi=CψF1SBPadj|SEQi,F2GEj,adj|SEQi
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
89,296 |
(A) Thermodynamics for H2 + NAD+ ↔ H+ + NADH at high and low H2 partial pressures (pH2) and a range of NAD+:NADH ratios. (B) Schematic representation of enzyme-modified particles for NADH oxidation and H2 production. (C) Conversion of NADH to NAD+ using H+ reduction as the electron sink at carbon black particles modified with E. coli Hyd2 and the NAD+-reducing HoxHI64AYFU of R. eutropha in the presence of NADH (1 mM) at pH 8, 30°C.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
239,393 |
We used the concept of octaves developed by Preston , using modified log2 classes, and following method 3 as proposed by Gray et al. , which was regarded as the most appropriate binning method in their study. In this method, all species with only one individual caught are assigned to bin 1, all species with 2–3 individuals to bin 2, all species with 4–7 individuals to bin 3, all species with 8–15 individuals to bin 4, defining the interval on a log2 scale. The octaves were calculated using the R package gambin . We considered species in octaves 1–6 (species with up to 63 individuals) to be the rare species. This included 183 xylobiont species (89% of all xylobiont species). We set this threshold as this is the lowest octave that still provides reliable estimates for beta diversity when using the SpadeR package. The results for the rarity definition according to the octaves are shown in Figure A6, Figure A7, Figure A8, Figure A9, Figure A10, Figure A11, Figure A12, Figure A13 and Figure A14 in Appendix A.2.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
174,287 |
For those who had experienced parental separation between ages 7 and 11, children in joint physical custody again had the lowest adjusted beta, 0.47 (0.21–0.73), compared to children living in a nuclear family. Children living in a sole physical custody arrangement with a new partner had the highest adjusted beta, 0.85 (0.56–1.14).
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
|
155,830 |
Although CCM was originally intended for ophthalmic research, the majority of papers captured appear to relate to systemic rather than ocular neuropathy. The five most prolific authors, who all happen to work primarily in the field of systemic neuropathy, are R.M. (163 papers), Ioannis Petropoulos (77), N.E. (74), George Ponirakis (62), and Maryam Ferdousi (53). The field as defined by the above search term has a h-index of 90.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
314,985 |
In the practical tests to evaluate the depth achieved by 31G × 5 mm needles in artificial tissue, it was concluded that the needle can reach the muscle tissue depending on the speed and pressure exerted during the application. This can cause variations in insulin absorption, which may cause hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia to the patient.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
117,614 |
So, what is the effect of selecting an arbitrary value for KaA or KIA if the condition in Equation (19) is fulfilled? Similar to in the previous section, it alters the solution to the related parameters ksE/VmaxE and KME. This is illustrated in Figure 5A for inflow controller 1 in Equations (1) and (2), where we have specified the controller gain Gi to VmaxE=0.5 (see Table 1). The largest effect of varying KaA (and thereby also ksE and KME) within the available range is also here found in the dynamic behavior. This is shown in Figure 5B for stepwise increases in the outflow perturbation, where an increased KaA results in slower response in E.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
6,070 |
Additionally, previous research has focused on paediatric RTIs captured during primary care presentation.15 16 This leaves a key area of uncertainty regarding community paediatric RTIs. Duration, symptoms and proportion seen in primary care are not known, nor is the relative contribution of socio-demographic, clinical and microbiological factors to primary care consultation for RTIs. Our study will be able to provide some answers to these questions by collecting prospective data on paediatric RTIs in the community as well as presenting a comparison of the duration of RTI symptoms between consulting and non-consulting children, which has potential for informing other interventions (beyond the planned surveillance intervention to be built from this study).
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
9,927 |
Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to inhibit a number of viruses, including Herpes Simplex virus type 1 , Ectromelia virus, Vaccinia virus , Vesicular Stomatitis virus , and murine Friend leukemia retrovirus . Lin et al. have reported the inhibitory effect of NO on Japanese encephalitis viral RNA synthesis, viral protein accumulation, and virus release from infected cells. NO also inhibited the replication cycle of Encephalomyocarditis virus , Coxsackie virus , Marek’s diseases virus , Respiratory Syncytial virus and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome virus . NO combines with superoxide radical to produce peroxynitrite radical (ONOO−) that reacts with capsid proteins on Coxsackie virus, leading to the inhibition of viral entry into cells . NO also inhibits a variety of transcription factors and viral proteinases that are required for viral replication. Takhampunya et al. reported the inhibitory effect of NO on Dengue virus infection, partly via the inhibition of the RdRp (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase enzyme) activity, which then down-regulates viral RNA synthesis. Jena could demonstrate the inhibition of IBD virus (IBDV) replication in CEF by NO.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
223,079 |
A much higher lossless compression factor, 3.61, is reported in , but for an EMG signal sampled at a very low sample rate of 20 Hz, which excludes most of the higher-frequency, less-predictable components of the EMG signal that can extend at up to 500 Hz.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
79,566 |
Patterns of genetic divergence at CNV loci may reflect the historical divergence in forming modern human origins. The common pattern at both CNV and SNP loci is that the smallest genetic divergence is present among African populations, followed by among non-African populations, and then among African and non-African populations. Polymorphisms at CNV loci decrease from African to non-African populations. More alleles per CNV locus in African populations suggest a longer-term accumulation of mutants. These patterns are consistent with the Out of African model rather than with the multiregional model for modern human origins4748. Genetic drift effects reduce genetic diversity in non-African populations. Further inferences on the evolutionary processes occurring among non-African populations would require additional information besides the comparison of polymorphisms at CNV loci. Nevertheless, the genetic relationships among non-African populations show a clear separation of Asian populations from non-Asian populations. Evidence at genome-wide CNV loci supports the hypothesis that CHB and CHD have a very close genetic relationship. This is slightly different from the genetic relationships revealed by the patterns of zygotic and gametic LDs at the genome-wide SNP sites where JPT and CHD have a very close genetic relationship37. Genetic drift effects could explain the relative small differentiation in polymorphism at CNV loci in Asian and European populations. Both CHB and CHD have relatively smaller genetic drift effects than JPT45, and hence have higher polymorphisms (1.50 vs1.48 alleles per CNV locus). CEU probably has relatively smaller genetic drift effects than do CHB and JPT45, and hence has more alleles per CNV locus (1.66 alleles per CNV locus). A relatively high level of polymorphisms in MEX among non-African populations probably arise from an admixture of individuals with multiple distinct ancestries, which is consistent with previous explanations3749.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
311,191 |
Phenological observations from three phenological gardens in central Italy were used for model calibration by monitoring indicator plants left to grow in a Inatural way for as long as possible (Orlandi et al. 2014) (Fig. 1). The first phenological garden, located 15 km from Perugia (Umbria Region, central Italy) in an area characterized by Mediterranean climate, is one of the oldest Italian ones and includes local, national and some indicator species common to all IPGs (Schnelle and Volkert 1964) planted since 1994. The garden has the following geographical coordinates: latitude, 43° 00′ 40″ N; longitude, 12° 14′ 52″ E, and its total area is of about 4000 m2. The second phenological garden considered is that located near Rieti (Lazio Region, central Italy, lat: N 42° 25′ 30″; Long: E 12° 49′ 45″; Alt. about 270 m a.s.l.) with an area of about 2000 m2. In this second garden the planting of the vegetative species is more recent (2005). The third garden, of about 3000 m2, is named Pian di Rosce (PdR) and its the more elevated, being located in the Terminillo Mountain (Lat: N 42° 28′ 40″; Long: E 12° 56′ 28″) 15 km from Rieti at an elevation of about 1050 m a.s.l. Here some guide species were planted since the early 2000s.Fig. 1Box plots of the leaf periods (LP) for Salix acutifolia, smithiana and their mean values, calculated as difference between BBCH 95 and BBCH 11. Inter-species and inter-site (Perugia, Rieti, Pian di Rosce) phenological data
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
81,796 |
For the first time in the AAL Forum, the jury responsible for awarding the Exhibition Prize was constituted only by end-users above the age of 65. This activity was supported by Ageing@Coimbra and the Administrative Authority of the Centre Region of Portugal.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
73,318 |
Inhibition of H3K4me3 histone methylation modification blocks autophagy in hypoxia‐induced LX‐2 cells. LX2 cells were pretreated with 1 mm MTA for 16 h and stimulated with 100 μm CoCl2. Cells were collected at indicated time. (A) Autophagy marker, LC‐3B, was detected by western blot, and densitometric analysis was performed using pooled data from three such experiments. Results were expressed as mean ± SD, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. (B) Autophagy marker, P62 punctate aggregation, was detected with immunofluorescence staining. Yellow: P62, blue: DAPI, 400×.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
9,042 |
To demonstrate that increased expression of CH25H‐ and CYP7B1‐mediated oxysterol 7α,25‐OHC guided B‐cell migration, we cultured dissected wild‐type airways in the presence of clotrimazole, a CYP7B1 inhibitor (Liu et al, 2011; Fig 4E). As expected, this treatment did not affect Ch25h levels, but was sufficient to reduce Cyp7b1 mRNA expression (Fig 4F) and significantly impaired the ability of activated B cells to migrate toward CSE‐treated airways (Fig 4G). These data suggested that 7α,25‐OHC is guiding B‐cell movement toward the airways. These results strongly indicate that the CS‐induced airway epithelial oxysterols are capable of driving B‐cell migration, which contribute to iBALT generation on the airways in experimental COPD.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
259,073 |
Finally, [23, 24] proposed a methodology known as the Holt-Winters method. This method is a more general class than the Exponential Smoothing method which explains the level and trend of the data as follows X^t+h|t=μt+hTt,μt=αXt+(1−α)(μt−1+Tt−1),Model4aTt=β(μt−μt−1)+(1−β)Tt−1, where 0 ≤ α ≤ 1 is the smoothing parameter, and 0 ≤ β ≤ 1 is the smoothing parameter for the trend. The h-step ahead forecasts X^t+h|t are calculated using the smoothing equations for the level μt and the trend Tt. developed an Exponential Smoothing model designed to damp erratic trends defined as follows X^t+h|t=μt+(ϕ1+ϕ12+…+ϕ1h−1)Tt,μt=αXt+(1−α)(μt−1+ϕ1Tt−1),Model4bTt=β(μt−μt−1)+(1−β)ϕ1Tt−1, where 0 < ϕ1 < 1 is damping parameter. Its dampens the trend to be more conservative for longer forecast horizons.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
41,765 |
A technical limitation of TORS-TL that has been reported by several authors is exposure of the larynx during the transoral procedure. Exposure has been described in some cases to be insufficient. In the series of Dowthwaith et al., one patient out of three had an inadequate transoral exposure (36); in the series of Smith et al., two patients out of seven had an inadequate transoral exposure (37); while Krishnan et al. did not report any difficulty among five patients (38).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
213,635 |
The specificity test was defined by two conditions: A non-interference term when the tomentin, scopoletin, and sphaeralcic acid were not retained by the endogenous components of plasma, and second, no cross-interference among tomentin, scopoletin, and sphaeralcic acid with the internal standard using the proposed extraction procedure and HPLC conditions. Three different plasma samples were used as blanks (plasma free of tomentin, scopoletin, and sphaeralcic acid) and were extracted and analyzed by HPLC with and without internal standard to assess the specificity of the method.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
282,094 |
In Australia, local hospital networks are responsible for managing and linking public hospitals, health institutions, and health services across defined geographical areas . This includes the provision of hospital-based outpatient physiotherapy services for people with LBP. In the Australian state of New South Wales, 15 local hospital networks (called local health districts) service a total population of 8.2 million people, across eight metropolitan and seven rural and regional locations. In the Western Sydney Local Health District, an ethnically and culturally diverse metropolitan region, the rate of re-presentation to hospital services (i.e., physiotherapy clinics, emergency departments, pain clinics, neurosurgical clinics) within 1 year after discharge from outpatient physiotherapy treatment for LBP is 21% (unpublished New South Wales hospital data). The high rate of re-presentation constitutes a financial burden of $AUD744,000 yearly in direct costs in this local health district alone. Extrapolating these estimates across all local health districts within New South Wales, the cumulative financial and resource burden of re-presentations following discharge from hospital outpatient physiotherapy treatment is undoubtedly substantial.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
19,686 |
Complications after treatment were divided into four types and were noticed in a total of 16 patients. The four types were pituitary insufficiency, radiation necrosis, visual impairment and expansive tumour cyst. One patient developed two different complications (pituitary insufficiency and radiation necrosis).
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
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