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67,305 |
The intervention will be in the form of a smart phone application, the “Skyddslaget” app, which will be installed onto smartphones of those applicants allocated to the intervention arm of the trial. The app is intended to deliver ‘safe-sex and STI’ relevant snippets of information (facts) to participants on their phones in a youth friendly format. In addition it will also have a more interactive and engaging element which will include weekly challenges (games) and quiz, as well as personal stories related to safe sex narrated by peers. Activities/information snippets within the app will be dynamic, i.e. change periodically over time. The intervention will run over a period of 6 months from enrolment into the study.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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116,630 |
For p.T599P, we found the energetic ΔΔG shift to be +0.401813 kcal/mol Å2, which would increase the energy within the local region compared to the wild type.13–15,17–20 Local residues within the 6 Å cutoff under the influence of the mutation include Leu466, Ser592, Gln595, Met596, Arg597, Pro600, Lys601, Glu616, Arg617 and Phe766. The effects of the energetic changes included increased rigidity and directional reorientation of the loop segment from the loop–helix–loop, which promoted interactions between Gln595 and the phenylalanines adjacent to the DNA-binding regions. The entire region changes in root mean square deviation of the side chain atoms was 4.3813 Å. The maximum difference between atom pairs for the phenylalanine (Phe766) ring atoms was 13.7707 Å, although Gln595 was significantly altered. Gln595 and Phe766 may significantly alter DNA-binding efficiency, whereas the double prolines (Pro599 and Pro600) changed the orientation of the loop between the helices shown (Figure 1). Thus, the reoriented side chains may weaken or alter the process of DNA binding, whereas “rigidifying” the loop may render it less able to accommodate induced fit protein flexibility that occurs during substrate binding.
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222,922 |
We incubated the worms for 3 h, where the maximum inhibition of pharyngeal pumping had been observed, at concentrations between 0.05–1 % of DMSO. Under control conditions the C. elegans posture was described by changes to the sinusoidal body’s bends as the worm bends its body during crawling in “S” shapes (Fig. 6A). In contrast this was disrupted in the worms exposed to 1% (v/v) DMSO (Fig. 6A). This was reflected in a flattening of the typical S posture expressed by the worms when moving on food. This flattening during movement on food was more obvious in bus-17 animals and in some cases the worms lost all undulatory appearance and adopted a straight posture, such postural changes were modest in N2 (wt) or nlg-1 animals (Fig. 6A). This postural effect was reversed after 24 h when the affected worms were removed to a DMSO free bacterial agar plate, returning to a normal pattern of locomotion. With respect to these observer-based descriptions of motility posture no changes were noted at concentrations lower than 1% DMSO (from 0.1−0.75%).Fig. 6DMSO compromises the motility posture and morphological integrity of C. elegans during a chronic exposure.A.bus-17 animals lack the normal wave shape of the body in a sustained exposure to DMSO at a concentration of 1% compared to the effect on N2 (wt) and nlg-1 animals. Representative images are shown where a total of 5 independent animals were imaged after 3 h of chronic exposure. The scale bars indicate 100 μm. B. At a macro-cellular level, the prolonged DMSO incubation produces an accumulation of internal membrane-like structures within the worm’s body cavity (arrows). The representative images shown correspond to N2 (wt) animals, and the same effect was observed in bus-17 and nlg-1 animals (see Supplement to Fig. 6). On top, schematic representation of C. elegans anatomy highlighting the pseudocoelom surrounding worm’s cavity (light green), as well as the six coelomocytes cells (yellow dots). The scale bars indicate 130 μm. C. Representative images of bus-17 animals after 3 h of DMSO chronic exposure in increasing concentrations, showing a cumulative appearance of corpuscles (arrows) around the head and middle region of the body. Asterisks indicate intestinal fat. Top a representative image of an untreated animal. A zoomed view showing the accumulation of corpuscles is in the inset box on the right side of each image. The scale bars indicate 100 μm.Fig. 6
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17,771 |
We apply our method to two biological network models. The first one is the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) model with 53 nodes and 88 links, where Boolean update rules are described with logic functions (the first tab in Additional file 2). To show that our method can also be applied to models with threshold functions instead of logic functions, we employed another cancer cell signaling network model of 96 nodes and 265 links, where the Boolean update rules are described with threshold functions (the first tab in Additional file 3).
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309,523 |
To assess the effect of variables that might influence the rates of adequate or high-quality right colon cleansing in the study population as a whole, we performed a multivariable logistical regression analysis with variables of: age, sex, BMI, study cohort, colonoscopy indication, time lapse between preparation completion and colonoscopy start, and NER1006 as the bowel preparation assigned. Two regression models were generated with adequate and high-quality right colon cleansing as the outcomes assessed.
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137,906 |
Subgroup analysis was performed with patients with classic PTC only (n = 19) and the results were largely similar. There was a significant difference in OS according to the presence of FG mutation (p = 0.015, Figure 4A) and the numbers of FG mutation sites (p = 0.043, Figure 4B).
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263,194 |
In the 7th edition of the AJCC guidelines on colorectal cancer, stage T4 was divided into T4a and T4b (2). T4b may be considered more severe due to other organs/structural invasion, and several studies confirmed that T4b showed worse outcomes than T4a (3–5). However, T4a tumor that invades the free serosa may have a greater chance of peritoneal seeding (6–8), and it is still unclear and controversial whether T4a tumors are truly associated with a better prognosis than T4b tumors (6–10). The purpose of this study is to compare the long-term survival outcomes of patients with T4a and T4b tumors and determine if there are any differences in the outcomes.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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125,218 |
Studies have shown that miR-152 regulates the cell cycle . Nie et al. showed that progesterone (P4) induces the expression of miR-152 in ovary-removed mice and the endometrial cancer cell line Ishikawa. The expression of miR-152 was upregulated in P4 receptors overexpressing human endometrial cancer cells. By using miRNA mimics and inhibitors, it was proved that miR-152 can block G1/S conversion in endometrial epithelial cells (EEC) and inhibit cell proliferation by targeting WNT-1 in endometrial cancer cells, suggesting that miR-152 is a potential anticancer miRNA in endometrial cancer.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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317,460 |
Aqueous extracts were prepared from 10.0 g ± 0.2 of shredded WML-P. Each WML-P sample was extracted two times by mixing with boiling distilled water (100 mL and 40 mL) and heat for 15 min in 100 °C (EM, Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). The extract was separated from the sediment and filtered using the Büchner funnel and Whatman filter paper (No.1, 1–11 µm). Filtered samples were lyophilized (Christ Alpha 1–4 LSC, p < 1 mBa, capacitor temperature −50 °C, shelf temperature 20 °C) and the dried extracts stored in plastic bags (in refrigerator at 4.0 °C) for further analyzes.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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194,798 |
Chemerin plays an important role in adipocyte differentiation, and insulin signaling results in an impact on the regulation of inflammation and major metabolic processes . Its elevated levels are observed in obesity and metabolic syndrome . The increased level of chemerin that occurs with obesity is hypothesized to play a substantial role in the development of T2DM as a result of dysregulation of the essential pathophysiological processes modified by chemerin . It has been also described that chemerin might be an independent predictor of T2DM and cardiovascular events . Recent studies have also postulated that chemerin may play an essential role in the pathophysiology of GDM . Some authors notice that markedly increased circulating chemerin levels in peripheral blood are observed in GDM patients [14, 15]. It has been also suggested in the first and second trimester of pregnancy logistic multivariate regression analysis that chemerin concentrations are positively correlated with the increased risk of GDM, and together with other factors, chemerin can be used as an independent risk factor of gestational diabetes mellitus [14, 15].
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
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1,900 |
It is important when comparing cities across Greater China that we determined that any effects that changes in particulate load could be attributed to fireworks and not simply derived from different meteorological conditions. The potential for high concentrations observed on the arrival of the New Year to be related to temperature, wind speed and relative humidity in addition to urban population was determined by correlating measurements of average PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations 00:00–03:00 (four measurements) across a city with the meteorological parameters over the same period. The intensity of pollution at New Year was additionally estimated by subtracting the average of three measurements immediately before and after the New Year peak to get a sense of potential additional particulate matter from fireworks. It is these peaks in pollution that likely derive from the additional contributions from New Year fireworks that were correlated in the graphs and correlation matrix shown in Fig. 3. This figure shows the Pearson correlation coefficient, but the non-parametric Kendall τ and Spearman r s (not shown) were little different.Fig. 3Correlation matrix between the additional PM2.5 concentration, additional PM10 concentration, temperature (T), wind speed (u), relative humidity (RH) and urban population (Pop) measured across the period 00:00–03:00. The correlation coefficient and p values are given in the lower left hand part of the matrix, while bivariate plots are shown in the upper right, with each large dot representing a city. Here the units are PM2.5 and PM10 as microgarm per cubic meter, T as degree Celsius, wind speed in meter per second, RH as % and population in millions. The histograms on the diagonal show the distribution of data for each variable
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76,417 |
These results are particularly interesting when taking into account that the detection scenario is highly complex due to a 20% selective forwarding dropping rate (only 10% more than the normal loss rate for the sound network) and the difficulty of detecting anomalies in nodes spread in a wide area. There is also a need to detect the attacks within a one-hour window, which allows time to apply short-term contingency actions. Therefore, the performance of the proposed detection process would increase in scenarios with a higher dropping rate, where the attack is focused on a narrow area or without short-term contingency requirements.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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275,703 |
Another challenge that several participants mentioned is that most Afghan community events and gatherings are religion-based, which is due to the mindset of Afghan community leaders. This factor may prevent people with different belief systems from being attracted to that community. Saeed is one of these people, who shared: “Almost all events are about religious things. I tried to add some other programs, like Persian Poetry reading program for some passionate people that I knew, but those narrow-minded people didn’t allow us to continue our program. They would suggest run a Quran class instead…. I even tried to run some events independently, for example I managed to celebrate the Women’s day last year, but those leaders have a huge influence among Afghans, and they’d advised people not to join the program and finally we run the program with only a few women.”
| 1 | 2other
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182,842 |
The inguinal and scrotal hernia are variants of a defect that consists of pathological displacement of the abdominal organs through the inguinal canal . The frequency of inguinal hernia, noted most often in males, varies depending on the source—from 0.7% up to even 15.7% of the entire pig population [4–6]. At the same time, the scrotal hernia is one of the most frequently reported congenital defect of the aforementioned species, causing economic losses in breeding. The herniated individuals cannot be castrated on the standard day of early castration, which causes further difficulties . Untreated chronic inguinal/scrotal hernia causes a reduction in daily increments, peritonitis and (in extreme cases) leads to the entrapment and strangulation of the intestines, threatening the health and life of sick pigs [8–10].
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41,736 |
No correlation between age of the subjects and baseline PT (mean session 1 and 2) was observed (rs = 0.19, p = 0.30). Concerning the delta PT values, data were analyzed for the anodal and cathodal group as well as for the two sessions separately. For both groups, no correlation was found in any condition neither for response to tDCS (anodal group: rs = -0.12, p = 0.67 high visual demand session; rs = -0.02, p = 0.95 low visual demand session; cathodal group: rs = 0.11, p = 0.68 high visual demand session; rs = 0.24, p = 0.38 low visual demand session) nor for response to visual demand (anodal group: rs = 0.18, p = 0.51 high visual demand; rs = 0.50, p = 0.05 low visual demand; cathodal group: rs = 0.41, p = 0.12 high visual demand; rs = -0.26, p = 0.33 low visual demand). There is a trend to a significant correlation between age and increased PTs following low visual demand in the anodal group. However, all delta visual demand PT values were within the intra-individual baseline PT variation of about 3.9%MSO within sessions, with one exception showing a delta visual demand PT value of 6.6%MSO.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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255,522 |
Romantic love may be thought of more positively among Western countries than other countries and Westerners report falling in love more often (see Feybesse and Hatfield, 2019). Cultural differences have also been identified in the role of precursors in causing romantic love. A comparison between Japanese, Russian, and American populations found that culture played a role in the self-reported importance of personality, physical appearance, propinquity, similarity, readiness, isolation, mystery, and social standing (Sprecher et al., 1994). Some differences have also been found between Chinese and Americans (Riela et al., 2010) and between Iranians and Americans (Riela et al., 2017) using similar and different methods. In some cultures, romantic love is suppressed and arranged marriages predominate (discussed below).
| 1 | 2other
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161,929 |
Biantennary glycans were also present with a fucose residue on the antennae, additional to that on the reducing terminal GlcNAc residue. Thus, the spectrum of the difucosylated glycan 13 (m/z 2070.7) containing one GalNAc residue is shown in Fig. 3d. The D and D-18 ions appeared at m/z 688.2 and 670.2 confirming that the 6-antenna terminated in galactose and that the GalNAc was in the 3-position as in the glycans whose spectra have already been discussed. The presence of fucose on the GalNAc-containing antenna caused a shift of the GalNAc-containing 1,3A3 ion from m/z 465.1 to m/z 611.2. No corresponding shift was noted for the galactose-containing ion at m/z 424.1 showing the absence of fucose on the galactose-containing antenna. The C1α ion at m/z 220.1 showed that the fucose was not located on the terminal GalNAc residue. Work by other investigators on the structure of N-glycans on glycoproteins expressed in HEK 293 cells has also shown that fucose that is attached to an antennae is linked at the 3-position of the GlcNAc residue [20–22]. Furthermore, fucose substitution on galactose has been found to produce a prominent pair of ions at m/z 427.1 and 409.1 produced by an 0,2A3 cleavage followed by loss of H2O . These ions and the corresponding predicted ones (m/z 468.1 and 450.1) from a GalNAc-containing antenna were absent, leaving little doubt that the attachment of fucose was to the 3-position of the GlcNAc residue. We have found fucose at this position in glycans from the human parotid gland (Gal-GlcNAc-antennae) and in their spectra the abundance of the ions formed by loss of the fucosylated 3-antenna (GalNAc-(Fuc)GlcNAc) from the 2,4A6, B5, and 2,4A5 ions is considerably elevated compared with the spectra of corresponding compounds where there is no fucose attached to the GlcNAc residue . The same phenomenon was noted in these GalNAc-containing spectra (m/z 1113.4, 1053.4, and 951.3 in spectrum 3d).
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63,367 |
Benign salivary gland neoplasms like myoepitheliomas should be considered in the differential diagnoses of palatal lesions. Although minor salivary gland tumors present as dome-shaped, smooth-surfaced masses on the palate, it should be borne in mind that there can be alteration in the surface characteristics; thus mimicking other vascular and reactive lesions.
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94,311 |
Schematic representation of mass transfer dynamics in a single endothelial cell (EC)/smooth muscle cell (SMC) unit; this model accounts for the essential mechanisms of IP3‐induced cytsolic Ca2+ release and the cascade of events following it. The diagram is adapted from the previous work by 27. The numbers refer to the pathways described in the text.
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268,775 |
Splicing occurs through two consecutive transesterification reactions . In the first step, the 2′-OH group of the BP adenosine attacks and cleaves the phosphodiester bond at the 5′ splice site leading to the formation of a looped structure (lariat loop) as result of a bond between the first intronic nucleotide and the BP adenosine. In the second step, the newly formed 3′-OH at the end of the exon attacks and cleaves the phosphodiester bond at the 3′ splice site. The result of this reaction is the joining of the 5′ splice site of the upstream exon with the 3′ splice site of the downstream exon and the excision of the intron included between them. At the end of the splicing reaction, the spliceosome disassembles and is recycled for new splicing processes .
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283,428 |
Our study is the first to provide serum proteomic profiles of cohorts of SARS-CoV-2-infected recovered (hospital discharge), nonsevere (hospitalized), and severe (ICU) cases with increasing systemic inflammation in comparison with healthy individuals sampled prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. The results not only confirmed previous results but provided new serum biomarkers, BPs, and physiological disorders related to disease progression and symptomatology (Figure 7). The confirmation of previous results in studies conducted with different cohorts and populations as shown here for the first time in Spain is important to validate diagnostic and therapeutic interventions at a global scale affecting this pandemic. The new prognostic biomarkers associated with COVID-19 reported here not only serve in conjunction with diagnostic RNA, antigen, and antibody detection tests to complement other previously identified biomarkers such as IL-6, but also provide the possibility of using highly abundant serum proteins for prognosis of disease severity (e.g., CBP2, up to 0.1 mg/ml), asymptomatic carriers (e.g., PZP, up to 350 ng/ml), or disease recovery (e.g., PON1, up to 160 ng/ml). The disorders and processes associated with the new biomarkers identified in this study provide clinical tools for the evaluation and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease symptomatology and progression (Figure 7). For example, detection of high HNF3A levels in nonsevere or severe patients suggests their diagnosis and treatment to reduce airway dilatation with production of large cysts associated with function of airway epithelial cells (96).
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13,517 |
MCF-7 and T47D cells were stably transfected with GFP-C1, GPF-PES1 or GFP-K517R. The cells were starved for 1 day, and then stimulated with E2 (10 nM) for several days. MTT assay was performed using an MTT assay kit obtained from KeyGEN BioTECH (Nanjing, China). For cell cycle analysis, MCF-7 cells transfected with GFP-C1, GPF-PES1 or GFP- K517R were cultured in the presence of E2 (10nM) for 36 h, and then subjecting to flow cytometry analysis according to the protocol as previously described . For crystal violet staining assay, MCF-7 cells transfected with GFP-C1, GPF-PES1 or GFP-PES1 K517R were maintained in DMEM (containing 10% fetal bovine serum) medium containing G418 (1 mg/ml) for 2 weeks. About 5 × 103 cells/well were then plated in 6-well plate and grown in the presence of E2 (10 nM) for 7 days. After that the cells were subjected to crystal violet staining according to a previous report .
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277,985 |
Discussion section (Page 14, lines 16-20): ‘Assessment of glucose and insulin tolerance would also have been useful to determine the positive impact of Ac3IV on overall metabolism, but our primary objective in the transgenic mouse models utilised for the current study was evaluation of effects on islet cell lineage. Moreover, benefits of Ac3IV on glucose homeostasis and insulin action have previously been confirmed in HFF obese mice ’.
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67,066 |
This study sets out to establish the impact of QOL on families with children who have non-IgE mediated food allergies affecting the gastrointestinal tract based on an elimination diet with symptoms improvement. The study aimed to capture the early impact of this food allergy on the QoL of families, who have often waited for months for a diagnosis.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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281,058 |
Next, to assess the effect of EHMT1 on the cell cycle process, we performed FACS analysis in A549 and H1299 cell lines after transfection with siEHMT1. Figure 3D shows that G1 arrest was induced by EHMT1 knockdown in both cell lines compared to siCont. Taken together, these results indicate that EHMT1 is highly associated with the regulation of lung cancer proliferation. We hypothesized that EHMT1 plays an important role in lung cancer proliferation and could be a therapeutic target for lung cancer.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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180,005 |
To understand these effects we explored the energy landscapes of the doubly phosphorylated wild type (pWT) protein and two mutants, p(D33K) and p(Y54A/L59A) (Kang et al., 2020). All the potential and free energy landscapes exhibit multifunnel organisation, with four states competing with the folded conformation in pWT. Differences in relative stability can be interpreted in terms of missing hydrogen-bonds, and the p(D33K) landscape exhibits the most frustration, with four states of similar stability separated by high barriers. Some of the states with minority equilibrium populations in pWT include α helical structure in the binding motif, which would explain the residual affinity for eIF4E, and could account for NOE signals that do not arise from the dominant folded conformations. The minority states also feature stabilisation from hydrogen-bonds to the two phosphate groups. Hence phosphorylation causes reorganisation of the multifunnel landscape, which appears to be associated with control of binding affinity functionality. This changes is reminiscent of the reorganisation caused by mutations (Röder and Wales, 2018c), and can also be observed in nucleic acids (Sharpe et al., 2020); Röder et al., 2021).
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12,828 |
All experimental sessions were performed in a quiet room and on a laptop computer, where the subjects were told to sit in an upright position with the computer monitor at a comfortable angle. Subjects were informed of the task instructions by watching a short presentation. An overview of the experimental procedure is shown in Figure 2. The test blocks were comprised of a task testing long-term memory and the state anxiety inventory (STAI-S; test block 1), the Dalbert emotion scale and a vigilance task (test block 2) and a variant of the Sternberg working memory task (test block 3). Each test block was then run once for each of the 4 auditory stimulation conditions (beat frequencies: 6 Hz, 10 Hz, 40 Hz and control tone randomized). Before each test block a 5 min stimulation period was applied. The block sequence, as well as the sequence of stimulation conditions was randomly selected for each subject. The test block sequence within each subject was kept the same for the different stimulation conditions. Time taken to complete each test block ranged from 5 min to 7 min. Prior to testing and the onset of beat stimulation, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the trait anxiety inventory were administered. The cognitive tasks were presented using Presentation software (Neurobehavioral Systems, Berkeley, CA, USA) on a laptop computer and participants were instructed to fill out the rating scales presented on the screen using a standard keyboard. For each stimulation condition, different versions of the working memory and long-term memory tasks were conducted. This means the same tasks were conducted with different stimulus material (i.e., different number sequences for the working memory task and different words for the long-term memory task). The duration of the complete session was approximately 3 h including 10 min breaks between each experimental run.
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376,593 |
The aqueous humor samples were derivatized as reported elsewhere in detail . In brief, a 2.5 mM Fluorescein Isothiocyanate Isomer I (FITC) in acetone solution was mixed 1:1 (V/V) with 20 mM Carbonate Buffer at pH 10.0. Two microliters of aqueous humor were mixed with 2 microliters of derivatizing solution. After 24 hours in the dark the samples were ready for MEKC-LIFD analysis.
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223,234 |
Much less is known about the domestication history of T. timopheevii. It is believed that T. timopheevii is the domesticated form of T. araraticum (Dorofeev et al. 1979; Jakubziner 1932). In contrast to T. dicoccon, T. timopheevii was, since its discovery, considered as a ‘monomorphous narrowly endemic species’ (Dekaprelevich and Menabde 1932) cultivated in few villages of western Georgia (Stoletova 1924–1925; Zhukovsky 1928) (Supplementary Material S27). Dekaprelevich and Menabde (1932) noticed that the area of cultivation had probably been larger in the past. The last plants of T. timopheevii in situ were found by the expedition of the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR, Russia) in 1983 near the village of Mekvena (Tskhaltubo, Georgia) and deposited in the VIR genebank under accession number K-56422 [E.V. Zuev, personal communication]. Today, the widespread view is that the cultivation area of T. timopheevii was restricted to Georgia in the (recent) past (Feldman 2001; Mitrofanova et al. 2016; Zohary et al. 2012).
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6,043 |
The major limitation of our study is the absence of previously published population studies that assessed the role of F. hepatica in liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and cancer. Therefore, our results come from basic science studies, animal models, case reports, and case series. However, no studies have previously systematically reviewed the literature in this important topic, and our study serves to suggest an association between F. hepatica with liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Other limitations include publication bias, and lack of longitudinal follow-up of infected patients. Despite these limitations, we believe that our study makes an important contribution to recognize several potential severe chronic complications associated with human fascioliasis, and will be the base of future population studies that assess these associations. The results of our study and future studies will be of use for vulnerable populations affected by this fluke, in areas like the Peruvian Highlands, to prevent the complications caused by fascioliasis. Furthermore, it is relevant to investigate the existence of an inter-relationships between F. hepatica and gastrointestinal tract microbes that may affect the progression of fascioliasis. For instance, Helicobacter pylori infection has been closely associated with O. viverrini-associated cholangiocarcinoma suggesting that the liver fluke is a reservoir of the carcinogenic bacterium and thus making plausible that the co-infection may promote the pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma . Additionally, studies of the biliary microbiota should reveal the role of host microbial content in the development of fascioliasis and whether alterations or changes in microbiota occur as a consequence of the liver damage. Most recently, compositional shifts in the tissue microbiome of O. viverrini-associated cholangiocarcinoma were identified suggesting that changes in the microenvironment occurred after parasite infection can trigger tumorigenesis .
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60,840 |
Several African cancer registries have performed quality assurance audits, notably Nigeria, The Gambia, and Uganda.9,20,21 Approximately 12 of Nigeria’s 24 cancer registries participated in an evaluation of completeness, comparability, and diagnostic validity that largely was focused on children’s age-specific incidence.9 The study found that the registration processes of the Nigeria cancer registries generally were consistent across facilities and concordant with international standards.9 The evaluators found high rates of diagnostic validity but also uncovered evidence of incompleteness.9 The Gambia is one of few nationwide, population-based cancer registries in Africa.20 Its cancer registry quality assessment determined that records were morphologically verified for approximately 18% and 33% of cancers among men and women, respectively, and overall completeness was estimated at approximately 50%.20 Among patients registered in Kampala, Uganda, completeness was much higher at nearly 90%.21 In the Kampala registry, completeness varied by patient age and cancer site.21 Because of differences in the analysis approach and cancer registry type (ie, population versus regional, length of time collecting data), direct comparisons were not possible. However, we assert that the KCR is off to a strong start.
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200,746 |
Once the individual shells join through the input chamber, a concerted deformation (Figure 1C) takes place to ensure equilibrium of volume and pressure. Equilibrium requires the balance of their pressure in the stable post‐snapping state (see the Supporting Information). The conservation of volume requires the input volume change ΔV in to equal the sum of the volume changes of the individual shells, ΔV 1 and ΔV 2.[ 32 , 33 , 48 , 49 ] The onset of snapping is mainly controlled by the spherical cap, which upon winning the critical pressure p i, cannot accommodate any further increase in pressure, resulting in a sudden drop of pressure due to its elastic instability (Figure 1D). It is this event that triggers the snapping of both shells (black paths in Figure 1C,D,E). Each shell springs into its own snapped state in a swift manner. During snapping, the spherical cap collapses due to its reduced pressure resistance and propels the air in the input chamber toward the adjacent shell for an upward push; the sudden deflation of the former inflates the latter.
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46,129 |
N. benthamiana and Arabidopsis ecotype Col-0 seedlings were potted in soil and placed in an insect-free growth chamber under constant conditions of 60% relative humidity and a day/night regime of 16 h in the light at 22 °C followed by 8 h at 18 °C in the dark. The transgenic H2B-RFP line was a gift from Michael M. Goodin (University of Kentucky, USA). Arabidopsis mutants were obtained from Arabidopsis Stock Centre (ABRC at Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA): atg6 (SALK_109281), atg8a (SALK_045344c), vps15 (SALK_004719), pi3k (CS355912), atg2 (SALK_006994C), atg5 (CS39993), and atg7 (CS39995). AtATG6 overexpression (35S:Myc-AtATG6) and AtATG8a overexpression (35S:Myc-AtATG8a) transgene Arabidopsis seeds were obtained by using the flower-dip method61.
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157,333 |
Research on new fungal strains capable of efficiently degrading organic dyes remains necessary for applications in the field with real textile industry effluents. The fungal strains analyzed in the present research were isolated from the textile industry effluent and, given the dye decolorization results presented here, could be candidates for further biotechnological research on the decontamination of industrial effluents. Fungi is a great potential option for the degradation of dyes. However, efficient bioremediation must generate less-toxic, inert, or fully degraded compounds. Therefore, further research must be conducted on the products generated by these degradation processes, specifically on their level of toxicity, prior to the practical application of mycoremediation methods.
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246,660 |
8-OHdG has been previously used as a sensitive biomarker of oxidative DNA damage and oxidative stress . We used 8-OHdG evaluations to study oxidative DNA damage. First, we used immunochemistry to compare 8-OHdG expression in cells treated with H2O2 and those treated with H2O2 and IBC extract (Figure 4A). A large proportion of cells stained positive for 8-OHdG in the H2O2 group; however, the rate of 8-OHdG-positive cells significantly decreased in the IBC-treated groups. These findings indicate that IBC extract can effectively block oxidative DNA damage in cells treated with H2O2 in a dose-dependent manner (Figure 4B). We also evaluated oxidative damage in nDNA and mtDNA by measuring the level of 8-OHdG using a dot blot assay (Figure 4C,D). The 8-OHdG level in nDNA and mtDNA was significantly lower in the IBC group than in the H2O2 group, and such differences occurred in a dose-dependent manner. In parallel with the results of immunochemistry, the amount of 8-OHdG in nDNA and mtDNA was markedly decreased at 10 and 20 µg/mL IBC concentrations. These results suggest that IBC aids in preventing oxidative damage to nDNA and mtDNA.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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264,083 |
Patients with persistent or recurrent flushing and/or diarroea may benefit from non-conventional doses of SSAs, with higher doses or more frequent administration of long-acting SSAs. In a systematic review, eleven out of the seventeen included studies reported the use of higher doses of SSA (>30 mg/monthly) to control symptoms and tumor progression; of these, ten studies reported efficacy with doses ranging from 40 mg/monthly or 30 mg every 3 weeks up to 120 mg/monthly, with no significant toxicity . These results were confirmed by a more recent and high-quality systematic review, based on eighteen studies (with 1002 patients), which reported significant rates (30–100%) of disease control with high-dose SSAs, but low rates (0–14%) of tumor response, with symptom improvement in a variable percentage (namely from 23 to 100%) . Furthermore, according to a recent study investigating the real-world use of SSAs in NEN patients among the Italian medical oncological community, more than 70% had used a shorter interval between administrations, up to 3 or even 2 weeks in functioning forms .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
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395,678 |
“To build a more supportive, collaborative, and equal scientific community for all. We provide a platform for professional development and empowerment through mentorship, career planning, and educational opportunities tailored toward issues disproportionately affecting women.”
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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168,743 |
According to ALNAP definition, efficiency assesses how project inputs that have monetary value were converted into results, taking into consideration whether the results were maximised for given inputs. It may entail comparison with an alternative to assess the most efficient approach to implementing an intervention (ODI 2006).
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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22,492 |
The Tomography sLORETA has received validation from studies combining LORETA with other more established methods such as fMRI71,72, structural MRI73 and PET74–76. Further sLORETA validation has been based on accepting as ground truth that the localization findings obtained from invasive implanted depth electrodes, in which case there are several studies in epilepsy77,78 and cognitive ERPs79. It is worth mentioning that deep structures such as the anterior cingulate cortex80, and medial temporal lobes81 can be correctly localized with these methods. In the current implementation of sLORETA, computations were made in a realistic head model69, using the MNI 152 template82, with the three-dimensional solution space restricted to cortical gray matter, as determined by the probabilistic Talairach atlas83. The standard electrode positions on the MNI 152 scalp were taken from70 and84. The intracerebral volume in partitioned in 6239 voxels at 5 mm spatial resolution. Thus, sLORETA images represent the standardized electrical activity at each voxel in neuroanatomic Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space as the exact magnitude of the estimated current density. Anatomical labels as Brodmann areas are also reported using MNI space, with correction to Talairach space85.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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285,481 |
Response: Thank you for your good comment. The sentence has been modified to read as follows ‘These study findings correspond with previously reported findings that suggested p16 and TOP2A immune expression increases with severity of cervical lesions, and may thus be used as markers in the classification of cervical lesions’.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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245,379 |
Although Yellow-bellied Gliders are known to vocalise year-round, we observed higher abundance of vocalisations in autumn/winter than in spring/summer. This may have been due to seasonal variation in gliding behaviour due to the distribution and quality of food resources [28, 34, 35, 53]. Yellow-bellied Gliders prefer to feed on sap and nectar, but they supplement their diets with arthropods which provide an important source of protein . Because resources such as sap and nectar tend to be clumped, Yellow-bellied Gliders spend less time gliding (and therefore calling) when feeding on this resource [4, 34]. We did not assess food resource availability in our study area, but it is possible that season influenced the type and distribution of food resources used (e.g. [53, 54]) and hence calling behaviour.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
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4,548 |
Intravenous mannitol remains the primary treatment consideration for CFP. IV mannitol infusion is the most studied therapy for CFP, and the only therapy evaluated by randomized, blinded clinical trials . Mannitol therapy has been recommended for the goal of reducing symptoms (especially neurologic) during the acute stage of the illness, and for shortening the duration of symptoms after the acute stage. Because it is an osmotic diuretic, it should be given following the restoration of adequate intravascular volume with isotonic intravenous fluids; and throughout mannitol treatment, the hydration and electrolyte status should be carefully monitored .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
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33,692 |
(1) Clustering Validity Index Based on Fuzzy Partition. These indices are according to such a point of view that for a well-separated dataset, the smaller the fuzziness of fuzzy partition is, the more reliable the clustering result is. Based on it, Zadeh, the founder of fuzzy sets, put forward the first clustering validity index degree of separation in 1965 . But its discriminating effect is not ideal. In 1974, Bezdek put forward the concept of partition coefficient (PC) which was the first practical generic function for measuring the validity of the fuzzy clustering and subsequently proposed another clustering validity function partition entropy (PE) closely related to partition coefficient. Later, Windham defined proportion exponent by use of the maximum value of a fuzzy membership function . Lee put forward a fuzzy clustering validity index using the distinguishableness of clusters measured by the object proximities . Based on the Shannon entropy and fuzzy variation theory, Zhang and Jiang put forward a new fuzzy clustering validity index taking account of the geometry structure of the dataset . Saha et al. put forward an algorithm based on differential evolution for automatic cluster detection, which well evaluated the validity of the clustering result . Yue et al. partitioned the original data space into a grid-based structure and proposed a cluster separation measure based on grid distances . The clustering validity index based on fuzzy partition is only related to the fuzzy degree of membership and has the advantages of simpleness and small calculating amount. But it lacks direct relation with some structural features of the dataset.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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62,352 |
Cells were plated at 3 x 105 cells per mL under normoxia or hypoxia and total RNA was extracted using mirVana kit (ThermoFisher Scientific). cDNA synthesis for mRNA analysis by q-PCR was performed using High-Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription kit (ThermoFisher Scientific) as per the manufacturer’s protocol on a T100 Thermal Cycler (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA). The thermal conditions were 25°C for 10 minutes, 37°C for 2 hours, and 85°C for 5 minutes. qPCR was performed using Power SYBR Green PCR Master Mix (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) on a StepOnePlus Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems). q-PCR reaction setup included enzyme activation at 95°C for 10 mins and 40 cycles of amplification at 95°C for 15 sec and 60°C for 1 min followed by melting curve analysis according to the instrument standard instructions. mRNA expression was normalized to that of 18S endogenous control RNA and the quantification of relative mRNA expression was performed using ΔΔCt method. The primers used for q-PCR were either synthesized by Lofstrand Labs Limited, Gaithersburg, MD or purchased from Bio-Rad (Hercules, CA) as ready-made assays. The sequences of primers synthesized and the assay numbers of the ones purchased from Bio-Rad are listed in S2 and S3 Tables, respectively.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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158,692 |
Separately, we were not able to distinguish two possible types of ”forgetting”: whether to devalue only the 1 available unchosen arm, or also the other 6 unavailable chosen arms, on each trial. Answering this question may have implications of the area of decision neuroscience known as counterfactual learning. We reported data from the version of DBM that mixes the posterior of all unchosen arms (7 out of 8 total arms) with the prior distribution at each time step, regardless of whether they are available to the subject or not. An alternative approach is to only update the one unchosen arm available at each time step while keeping reward rate estimations for other unavailable arms constant. We also implemented the alternate version, but did not find any significant statistical difference between them on this data set (results not shown). A larger future study, with more participants, more trials, and more arms, would be helpful for clarifying this point.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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257,014 |
Insulin-like growth factor 1 production is reduced in aged skin fibroblasts, which has a negative impact on the epidermal response to UV-mediated DNA damage (Kemp et al., 2017). All-trans retinoic acid increases IGF1 expression and IGF receptor signalling, one of the mechanisms by which all-trans retinoic acid improves the properties of photo-aged human skin by upregulating prolidase-dependent collagen synthesis (Shim et al., 2012).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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301,324 |
In order to overcome the high heterogeneity of ASD, several unsupervised clustering methods have been used . Different from the unsupervised clustering methods in previous studies , heterogeneity through discriminative analysis (HYDRA) is one of the first algorithms to explore anatomical heterogeneity by supervised clustering with adjustable number of clusters. HYDRA not only inherits the ability of non-linear kernel classification methods to accurately fit to heterogeneous data in terms of disease prediction, but also provides explicit clustering information that can be used to determine subtypes of pathology . To date, HYDRA has been successfully used in the subtype of Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia . We hypothesized that this advanced clustering method would effectively reveal distinct neurosubtypes of ASD and build stable brain-behavior relationships which could potentially be used to improve clinical decision-making process and optimize treatment in the future. Therefore, in this study, HYDRA was used to classify male ASD patients into distinct neurosubtypes with regional volumetric measures of gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), brain-behavior relationships were assessed in different neurosubtypes. In addition, dynamic resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI) and machine learning-based classification were used to test the rationality of the neurosubtypes.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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311,691 |
Calcium is a nutrient of concern for all populations. Calcium-rich foods are primarily sourced from starchy staples and dark green vegetables, with the exception of the urban population, who source most calcium from refined grain products. Betel nuts (Areca catechu) are a commonly chewed stimulant drug, used regularly by 45% of participants in urban and rural sites. Consumed alongside the nut is dried, crushed coral (calcium carbonate; CaCO3), which may provide >100% of the user’s EAR for calcium (3 g = 1000 mg, or >100% EAR). However, betel nuts are a highly addictive and accessible cancer-causing drug .
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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367,176 |
The (c-degree of the) relation \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${{\,\mathrm{Id}\,}}_1$$\end{document}Id1 is the least element under computable reducibility (in ceers, co-ceers, and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathcal {X}}$$\end{document}X).
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
43,276 |
We are sorry our previous submission was confusing in presenting this data. MYHC1 was not a target of MYF5 or MYOD binding in human ERMS and rather was included to show that shRNA knockdown potently suppressed expression of muscle differentiation genes. To be clear, MYOG, CDH15, and CCND2 were bound by MYOD and MYF5. These same factors were potently downregulated following knockdown in either RD or RH18 cells. As requested the RNA seq and ChIP-seq tracks for these factors have now been provided (Figure 6D and Figure 6—figure supplement 2). We have opted to remove the MYHC1 data from Figure 6E so as not to confuse the reader.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
107,162 |
In general, the distribution pattern of repetitive sequences may reflect different types of heterochromatin regions. The distribution pattern of repetitive sequences is opposite to that of the density of genes on the chromosomes. That is, repetitive sequences usually occupy the heterochromatic regions with a high TE density and low expression, whereas genes predominate in the euchromatic regions with a low TE density and high gene density and expression . This distribution pattern is beneficial for heterochromatic TE activity inhibition and gene expression in euchromatic regions. However, some repetitive sequences are also found near or inserted into the genes. Such repetitive sequences are usually important for regulation of the nearby or inserted gene expression .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
86,822 |
Sausage samples were prepared based on a five-level three-variable Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) with 16 combinations, including two replicates of the center point, carried out in random order. This experimental design was generated using Design Expert version 9 (Stat-Ease Inc., Minnesota, USA). The combinations were prepared by varying levels of BF, SPI, and CS (Table 1). The rabbit meat and BF were chilled overnight in separate polyethylene bags at 4°C. The chilled lean meat was ground through a 5 mm plate and then a 3 mm plate. The BF was diced into pieces of 10–20 mm and then ground through a 3 mm plate. For each combination, the two were mixed together depending on the levels in Table 1 and chopped at medium speed. Ice water at five percent was added and then chopping continued for four minutes. The target moisture content of the product was 63%, which is the average content in frankfurter sausages . CS and SPI were then added at percentages shown in Table 1. The remaining five percent ice water, seasonings, and spices were also added at this stage. Seasonings and spices included sodium chloride (2.27%), coriander (2%), white pepper (2%), ginger (0.3%) garlic (0.5%), monosodium glutamate (1.5%), sodium nitrite (0.3%), sodium tri-poly-phosphate (0.5%), and ascorbic acid (0.05%). Chopping was continued until the final temperature of the batter reached 12°C.
| 4 | 2other
| 0Study
|
331,029 |
Results for absolute MEP area replicated those of absolute MEP amplitude, except in the case of Hi-Voluntary compared to Lo-Imagined, where a greater significant effect was observed at 15 min post-intervention for the Lo-Imagined intervention (−1.28 µV/ms 95% CI [−2,37, −0.19], p = 0.021).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
224,189 |
Some researchers have used the RTI concept for different applications . If Δyi is the resultant difference of RSS value per link, i, and Δx is the RTI image to be reconstructed, n denotes a noise vector, and W is a weighted matrix, Δyi can be written as: (8)Δ yi=W Δxi+n
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
225,280 |
Lacticin 3147 is a two-peptide bacteriocin that is heterologous-produced in the recombinant strain Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris MG1363. This bacteriocin has been tested in an animal model, and the results have showed that it was able to reduce in vivo infection with S. aureus Xen 29 in mice (Piper et al., 2012). A very well-known example of bacteriocins from Gram-negative bacteria are pyocins, which are believed to be produced in 90% of P. aeruginosa strains (Michel-Briand and Baysse, 2002). The heterologous-produced pyocins S2, S5, AP41, and L1 were used to study their protective function in an acute P. aeruginosa lung infection in C57/BL6 mice. Among all the pyocins, S5 was the best because no pathogenic bacteria were recovered from any of the S5 treated mice. The remaining pyocins were able to reduce the bacterial count in their respective treated mice (McCaughey et al., 2016b). Shortly after, from the heterologous-produced pyocins SD1, SD2, and SD3, pyocin SD2 exerted the best performance among the other pyocins when it was tested in previously challenged C57/BL6 mice with P. aeruginosa PAO1. Treated mice were able to survive, and no signs of illness were reported (McCaughey et al., 2016a). On the other hand, plantaricin E/F are two bacteriocins (plantaricin E and F) that have been heterologously produced in L. lactis NZ3900. The in vivo effects of both plantaricins were tested independently in a murine model infection. The favorable results obtained in antibacterial and toxicological tests suggest that plantaricin E or F are unharmful compounds that can be considered as a strong antibiotic candidate (Hanny et al., 2019).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
256,878 |
The phosphorous (P) content in different soil layers at harvest time. (A) The soil total P content of different soil layers under the lower rate (LP) and normal rate (NP) conditions. (B) The soil available P content of the different soil layers under LP and NP conditions. Different lowercase letters indicate a significant difference in the different soil layers within a same P condition (p < 0.05), error bars represent standard error of the mean (n = 3), according to Duncan’s multiple-range test.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
|
31,722 |
The model inputs include a list of presence points, a set of environmental predictors (i.e., climate variables), and a defined background landscape. In contrast to a true presence–absence model, MAXENT estimates habitat suitability by contrasting environmental factors at presence points with thousands of randomly selected background points throughout the study region (Guillera‐Arroita et al., 2015). We followed MAXENT best practices (Merow et al., 2013) to build SDMs for S. austromontana using three categories of georeferenced data. Our models are intentionally simple to demonstrate the underlying importance of georeferencing.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
4,043 |
The binding of the P. reichenowi EBA-140 ligand Region II to chimpanzee erythrocyte proteins was evaluated by Western blotting (Fig. 2). The protein recognized by the Region II showed the apparent molecular weight of 35 kDa, which is a similar value to GPD recognized by MoAb 2G11. The binding of the EBA-140 Region II to the erythrocyte receptor was decreased after chymotrypsin treatment, but augmented by trypsin. These data suggest that the chimpanzee erythrocyte receptor for the P. reichenowi EBA-140 is the GPD homolog. The bands of higher molecular weight are GPC/GPD aggregates with other erythrocyte glycophorins, mostly GPA .Fig. 2Western blotting analysis of the P. reichenowi EBA-140 Region II binding to chimpanzee erythrocyte proteins. Native (nat) and trypsin (trp) and chymotrypsin (chtrp)-treated chimpanzee erythrocytes; the recombinant Region II was detected with anti-myc MoAb 9E10; position of GPD was identified with MoAb 2G11. M, molecular weight marker
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
121,271 |
In conclusion, we identified mutations in 12 cases of canine HSA that, supported by abundant data from human cancers, likely play a role in oncogenesis in canine HSA. Apart from these strong driver candidate mutations, we identified a few mutations in genes potentially involved in cell growth, differentiation, or apoptosis (S2 and S3 Tables). However, none of the other mutations are found in human cancer databases or predicted to be involved in tumorigenesis. At this point, the data do not warrant implicating these mutations in HSA pathogenesis.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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41,279 |
Colony morphology was observed under a magnifying glass (Olympus SZ61, 10×), after sowing a 20 μl-drop of a bacterial suspension with DO600 = 1.0 on a nutrient agar (NA, Biokar) plate and incubating for 48 h at 28°C. Morphological characterization of its cellular structure was performed using Transmission Electron Microscopy (JEM 1200EX II, Jeol) at the Central Service of Electron Microscopy (SCME) from the Faculty of Veterinary of the National University of La Plata (Buenos Aires, Argentina). For this assay, SVBP6 was grown overnight on nutrient yeast broth (NYB, Biokar) at 28°C and 200 rpm.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
165,766 |
The questionnaire was filled out by 167 patients with hepatitis E, which corresponds to 30% of all reported HEV cases in Bavaria during the study period. A total of 5 questionnaires were filled out less than 80% and therefore excluded from further evaluation. (Fig. 1). Out of the remaining 162 patients, 35 had travelled abroad. Eight of them visited countries where genotype 3 is prevalent, during the relevant incubation period. 27 patients visited countries, where other or unknown HEV genotypes are endemic (e.g. Singapore, Nicaragua, Namibia) . Stool samples were available from 17 of these 27 patients, but HEV genotype 3 could not be detected by RT-qPCR. As our aim was to focus on risk factors associated with transmission of HEV genotype 3, these 27 were not considered in the further analysis. In total, 66 women and 69 men were included in the study. The mean age was 46 years for women (range 20–74 years) and 47.5 years for men (range 20–85 years). (Fig. 2). There was no significant difference in the mean age between women and men (t test and ANOVA).Table 1Descriptive analysis of hepatitis E casesVariableAll cases (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\textit{n}=135$$\end{document}n=135)%Symptoms & previous diseasesYesSymptoms7958.5Elevated liver enzymes7656.3Upper abdominal pain3828.2Icterus2417.8Fever2216.3Liver disease2115.6Fatty liver1511.1Immunosuppression128.9Liver infection32.2Hepatitis C21.5Blood transfusion10.7Liver cirrhosis10.7Meat consumptionYesPork on piece12694.7Raw ham12089.6Beef not fully cooked6851.5Wild boar3526.1Pig liver3324.6Meat products consumptionYesSalami13197.0Cooked sausage12895.5Liver pate9873.1Other risk factor consumptionYesFish12391.8Raw vegetable12190.3Raw fish4030.1Grill partyYesVisited grill party6346.7Consume pork/game5587.3Prepared pork/game4469.8PetsYesCat3928.9Dog2014.8Rabbits53.7Other rodents21.5Direct contact to animalsYesLive/work on a farm85.9Working in butcher shop21.5Water contactYesWastewater43.0River/lake32.2Fountain32.2
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
379,011 |
The common adverse effects are local and systemic reactions. The local reactions include redness and swelling, pain, bruising, and induration of the injection site. 13 Systemic effects include fever, chills, headache, sweating, myalgia, joint pain, discomfort, and fatigue. 31 Those reactions generally do not require treatment and resolve spontaneously within 2 days. Rarer adverse effects include the development of a severe febrile reaction (body temperature > 39°C), which can be treated with natural cooling or medication. Some recipients may experience urticaria after vaccination. A very small minority of recipients reportedly develop anaphylactoid purpura. Such reactions should be addressed immediately via anti‐allergy treatment, such as the administration of glucocorticoids. Anaphylactic shock is extremely rare, but if it occurs it must be managed actively in accordance with routine anaphylactic shock treatment principles.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
209,752 |
The hypothesis that has arguably gained the most traction is the parental conflict hypothesis, also known as the kinship theory (Haig and Westoby 1989). This hypothesis posits that genomic imprinting is evolutionarily favoured when the interests of parental alleles in offspring differ from each other, resulting in the expression of whichever allele is favoured to be expressed (Haig 2014). Coincidently, the hypothesis was originally formulated to cover maternal investment in offspring in flowering plants (Haig and Westoby 1989). The differential dosage hypothesis extends the parental conflict hypothesis to a broader range of parental interactions that lead to the differential expression of parental alleles, rather than binary on or off states (Dilkes and Comai 2004). Nonetheless, both hypotheses deal with the same selective pressure, that is contrasting optima in gene expression levels between maternal and paternal alleles in offspring. Thus, the parental conflict and differential dosage hypotheses will not be distinguished further in this review.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
83,968 |
Fourteen days after treatment, he was readmitted with increasing ascites and peripheral oedema, consistent with decompensated cirrhosis. Two days later, he developed a spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, successfully managed with albumin suppletion and antibiotics.
| 2 | 1clinical
| 3Clinical case
|
200,195 |
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) represent approximately 25–30% of the circulating proteins responsible for carrying lipids in the circulation. HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) is generally labeled as “good cholesterol,” although this association, evident from the earlier investigations, has not been constantly observed in recent epidemiological studies . HDL has a complex structure, characterized by particles of different sizes and lipid composition, resulting in different cardiovascular protective activities. In addition to the tissue cholesterol mobilizing activity, HDL exerts a multiplicity of effects, from anti-inflammatory to anti-diabetic, anti-thrombotic, heart failure antagonism, and many others .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
69,738 |
In 1994, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) reported results of a systematic survey of the health of 300 vegetarian dogs sourced from 33 states within the U.S. and Canada via PETA’s newsletter . Dogs ranged in age from young puppies to 19 years old, and included a wide range of breeds, males and females, both neutered and entire. Of these, 65.3% (196/300) were vegan, with the remaining 34.7% (104/300) simply vegetarian. They had been maintained on these diets for anywhere from less than two, to over nine years, with an average of 5.7 years. The precise diets used, and their level of nutritional adequacy, are unknown.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
210,904 |
The fundamental principle underlying the present analyses is standardization of bivariate intensity (T1w × FLAIR) histogram shape to match normative data. This is a statistical approach to analysis of image intensity distributions. Differences in alignment owing to atrophy do not affect this analysis. Normative data from 101 age‐ and sex‐matched controls imaged using identical procedures were generated. Bivariate histograms were created representing T1w/FLAIR voxel intensities on the horizontal/vertical axes, respectively. Histogram peaks occurred at specific loci in intensity space corresponding to distinct tissue classes (GM, WM, CSF; Fig. 1). Individual participant histograms exhibited grossly similar shapes in healthy controls and MS patients but subtly varied in scale and skew across individuals (dashed lines in Fig. 1).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
85,026 |
Lithium is a non-essential trace element and consequently fulfills no known functions in the human organism. However, due to its beneficial impact in the treatment of psychological disorders, lithium has been widely introduced into medical applications . Among the various mechanisms of action that have been proposed for lithium, the stimulation of neural progenitor cell proliferation by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which leads to an increase of the brains grey matter, is widely accepted . Interestingly, the proliferation of other cell types such as MSCs is also regulated by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, suggesting that lithium might also modulate the proliferation of these cells . In fact, a recent study reported increased proliferation of hMSCs stimulated by lithium-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in vitro . Additionally, previous studies reported this pathway to be a main regulator of osteoblastogenesis, which made lithium application in the field of tissue engineering even more appealing . Though few studies reported a beneficial impact of lithium supplementation on bone mineral density and a reduction of the risk of fracturing, the molecular mechanisms by which lithium facilitates these effects are not yet completely understood . In a transcriptome-based approach used to identify the impact of lithium on osteoblastogenesis, Satija and colleagues reported diminishing proliferation of hMSCs treated with lithium and decreased expression of adipogenic and osteoclastogenic factors accompanied by the induction of osteoblastogenic markers associated with collagen-1 deposition and mineralization; similar results were also reported by other groups . Systemic lithium application exhibited beneficial effects on bone healing following distraction osteotomy in the tibia of rats. Bone mineral density, the quantity of newly formed mature bone tissue and bone mass regeneration were increased in rats who received a lithium solution through gastric gavage in comparison to those receiving a saline solution, pointing to accelerated callus ossification and bone healing mediated by lithium .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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177,803 |
For mouse studies, statistical significance was determined using Mann–Whitney nonparametric U test (for two groups) or Kruskal–Wallis H test, followed by Dunn's multiple comparisons test (for four groups), with horizontal bars on data representing the median ± interquartile range (IQR). Specific comparisons between C57BL/6 and G‐CSF−/− groups and Lyn−/− and Lyn−/−G‐CSF−/− groups were also conducted using Mann–Whitney nonparametric U test. Horizontal bars represent median ± IQR where the data are displayed on a linear scale or geometric mean ± geometric SD where logarithmic data are displayed. Significance by Mann–Whitney test (represented by #) and Dunn's multiple comparisons test (represented by *) is denoted by p > .05 (not significant) not stated, not stated, p < .05 # or *, p < .01 ## or **, p < .001 ### or ***, p < .0001 #### or ****. Mouse data analyses utilized GraphPad Prism software (version 8.0.2). For human studies, serum G‐CSF concentrations were transformed into a binary variable as being either detectable or not detectable, using the LLOQ as a threshold. Comparison of proportions were assessed using Pearson's χ 2 test. Comparison of concentrations were conducted using Mann–Whitney nonparametric U test, with box and whisker plots representing the median, IQR, and range. All p values are numerically displayed, with a p < .05 considered statistically significant. Human data analyses utilized R software (version 4.0.2).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
248,987 |
In another study, the commercial kit was evaluated for routine malaria detection in blood samples of German travelers, with excellent results. Sensitivity was 98.7% (235/238); undetected samples were from two Po- and one Pv- infections. The LAMP kit provided false-positive results in 3/762 samples (0.4%), thus the specificity was 99.6% (Frickmann et al., 2018). The good performance of the illumigene/alethia malaria kit was also reported in a meta-analysis that assessed the diagnostic performance of this method compared to an in-house and the two commercial PCR kits previously mentioned (Altangerel and Frickmann, 2020). All four assessed molecular approaches led to concordant results in 988/1020 samples (96.9%).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
1,864 |
Following our previous protocol (Ding et al., 2011) with minor modifications, a certain number of zebrafish embryos at 1–4 cell-stage were co-injected with a mixture of 1–5 ng/ml pmHNF-rGC3N and 1–5 ng/ml pFLP-5BR. The larvae positive for both Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) and Red Fluorescent Protein (RFP) fluorescence were observed at 4 days post fertilization (dpf), under fluorescence microscopy. We used a 480 nm excitation wavelength and 505 nm emission wavelength to measure GFP, and a 556 nm excitation wavelength and 586 nm emission wavelength to measure RFP.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
368,908 |
Numerous reports have indicated that risks of morbidities and mortalities are associated with ambient concentration of fine particles with aerodynamic diameters less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM2.5)1–5. In a cohort of 4.5 million US veterans, in comparison with a theoretical minimum risk exposure level of 2.4 μg/m36, results indicated that the 99% mortality burden of nonaccidental causes associated with ambient PM2.5 level is below the US national annual PM2.5 standard (12 μg/m3)4. Researchers identified the source apportionments of PM2.5 including industrial emission (or combustion-related source), motor vehicular exhaust, secondary aerosol (secondary nitrate and secondary sulfate), soil dust, natural source, and others (e.g., cooking). Thus, short- and long-term health risks associated with constituents of PM have been comprehensively reviewed1–3,5,7,8.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
279,586 |
The multi-modal Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN) Sleep Study was an ancillary study, conducted in a subset of the multi-racial/ethnic cohort of midlife women of SWAN . SWAN is a community-based, longitudinal study of the menopausal transition and its relationships with health and aging, originally enrolling 3302 women. The following exclusion criteria were applied to SWAN participants to determine eligibility for the SWAN Sleep Study: hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy (<1% of the cohort), hormone therapy use (23%), nonadherence with core SWAN procedures (missed more than half of annual visits), and biobehavioral factors known to affect sleep, including regular shift/night work, oral corticosteroid use, active treatment for cancer, or alcohol consumption exceeding four drinks per day (1%–3% for each). All eligible participants were approached regarding participation. Of these, 30% declined, with the most cited reasons including “protocol burden,” “too busy,” and “family obligations.” The SWAN Sleep Study enrolled 370 White, African American, and Chinese participants from four of the seven core SWAN study sites: Chicago, IL; Detroit, MI; Oakland, CA; and Pittsburgh, PA.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
72,041 |
CE2 could be necessary for Hsf1 to bind to Hsp70 either because it is a direct binding site or because it influences the conformation of Hsp70 to expose a binding site located elsewhere. To test if CE2 is sufficient to bind to Hsp70, we developed an in vitro fluorescence polarization assay. We obtained synthetic peptides consisting of the wild type CE2 sequence or the ce2-mut sequence labeled at their N-termini with 5-carboxyfluorescein (5-FAM) (Figure 5A). Neither peptide aggregated in solution. We titrated the concentration of recombinant yeast Hsp70 (Ssa2) and measured polarization of the 5-FAM fluorophore. Using this assay, we determined that Ssa2 directly binds to CE2 with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 9 µM, while the Kd for the ce2-mut peptide is reduced more than 5-fold (extrapolated to be 52 µM).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
17,306 |
Genomic DNA was extracted using the Maxwell 16-cell DNA purification kit, and DNA libraries were prepared using the Illumina Nextera XT DNA library preparation kit according to the manufacturer’s protocol. An average coverage of 91× was achieved using HiSeq 4000 paired-end 150-bp sequencing at the Institute for Genome Sciences at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. Assembly was performed using SPAdes version 3.10.0 (8), and annotation was added by the NCBI Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline as implemented at the PATRIC Bioinformatics Database and Analysis Resource Center (9). Both strains CDC-AM50933 and CDC-AM43539 had genes encoding virulence factors TDH, TTSS1, and TT6SS2.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
374,041 |
To date, the etiology of these heterogeneous long-Covid symptoms is poorly understood. It is possible that endothelial injury might play a role in the persistence of dysautonomic symptoms in COVID-19 survivors. Davido et al. (2020) described their experience working with outpatients who experienced mostly mild symptoms attributable to COVID-19. Subsequently they observed multiple persistent symptoms, especially intense fatigue, shortness of breath, chest tightness and tachycardia. Authors suggest that these symptoms are compatible with dysautonomia due to microangiopathy and endothelial injury. Miglis et al. (2020a, b) also described a subset of COVID-19 survivors presenting symptoms of autonomic dysfunction such as orthostatic intolerance and postural orthostatic tachycardia. Such symptoms are frequently reported after other viral infections and might be related to gastrointestinal fluid loss, prolonged bed rest and deconditioning of the cardiovascular system. However, further research is needed to further characterize the dysautonomic syndromes in COVID-19 survivors.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
146,927 |
Cycle outcomes are described in Table 2. In the fresh cycles, implantation rates, biochemical pregnancies, clinical pregnancies per cycle and per transfer, ectopic pregnancies, spontaneous miscarriages and intrauterine ongoing pregnancies were not significantly different between the two periods analyzed (Table 2).Table 2ART cycles outcomes in fresh, warmed embryos and warmed oocytes in the non-COVID and COVID-19 timeframes.non- COVIDCOVIDpFresh embryo transfers N883866 Female age37.11 ± 4.1736.56 ± 4.190.026 Embryo transferred1.72 ± 0.511.64 ± 0.50.010 Cleavage stage473 (83.42%)404 (81.45%)0 Blastocyst stage94 (16,58%)92 (18,55%)0.399 Implantation rate %24.02 ± 38.9528.39 ± 39.540.079 Biochemical Pregnancies26 (2.94%)13 (1.50%)0.041 Clinical Pregnancies per cycle189 (21.40%)188 (21.71%)0.877 Clinical Pregnancies per transfer189 (33.33%)188 (37.90%)0.120 Ectopic Pregnancies3 (1.59%)3 (1.60%)1.000 Miscarriages37 (19.58%)50 (26.60%)0.106 Intrauterine ongoing pregnancies149 (78.84%)135 (71.81%)0.114 Single pregnancies127 (85.23%)112 (82.96%)0.601 Twin pregnancies22 (14.77%)23 (17.04%)Embryo warmings N538628 Female age at freezing29.6 ± 13.828.9 ± 14.70.782 Warmed embryos1.058 ± 0.231.053 ± 0.240.565 Survived embryos1.051 ± 0.221.043 ± 0.250.430 Embryo transferred1.049 ± 0.221.036 ± 0.230.285 Cleavage stage32 (7.14%)23 (4,58%)0.091 Blastocyst stage409 (91.29%)464 (92,43%) Embryos from other institutions7 (1.56%)15 (2,99%)0.195 Implantation rate %38.95 ± 49.8944.22 ± 50.710.100 Biochemical Pregnancies25 (4.65%)23 (3,66%)0.399 Clinical Pregnancies per cycle174 (32.34%)222 (35.35%)0.280 Clinical Pregnancies per transfer174 (38.84%)222 (44.22%)0.093 Ectopic Pregnancies1 (0.57%)0 (0.00%)0.439 Miscarriages45 (25.86%)53 (23.87%)0.649 Intrauterine ongoing pregnancies128 (73.56%)169 (76.13%)0.559 Single pregnancies127 (99.22)164 (97.04%)0.187 Twin pregnancies1 (0.78%)5 (2.96%)Oocyte warmings N3726 Female age at freezing30.2 ± 12.425.9 ± 15.00.159 Warmed oocytes6.66 ± 2.626.9 ± 2.340.629 Survived oocytes4.94 ± 2.545.85 ± 1.840.156 Fertilized oocytes4 ± 2.484.5 ± 1.760.482 Transferred embryos1.68 ± 0.61.75 ± 0.550.639 Cleavage stage29 (100.00%)18 (94.74%)0.396 Blastocyst stage0 (0.00%)1 (5.26%) Pregnancies75 Implantation rate %18.97 ± 36.3913.16 ± 22.620.911 Biochemical Pregnancies1 (2.70%)2 (7.69%)0.564 Clinical Pregnancies per cycle7 (18.92%)5 (19.23%)0.975 Clinical Pregnancies per transfer7 (24.14%)5 (26.32%)0.865 Ectopic Pregnancies00 Miscarriages2 (28.57%)0 (0.00%)0.470 Intrauterine ongoing pregnancies5 (71.43%)5 (100%)0.470 Single pregnancies3 (60.00%)5 (100%)0.444 Twin pregnancies2 (40.00%)0
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
266,226 |
Comparison of the risk predictions of the two models of WHO/ISH risk charts is shown in Table 3. The risk predictions of the two charts agreed in 2033 out of 2517 (80.3%) (ĸ = 0.429; p<0.001) (highlighted in Table 3) participants by being classified in the same risk categories by both risk charts. However, the agreement was poor in higher-risk categories.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
93,147 |
A cultured immortalised podocyte cell line, E11 cells, were used in this study. E11 cells abundantly express ezrin Fig. 6a. Thus, we performed knockdown of ezrin in E11 cells using siRNA to investigate whether loss of ezrin affects membrane localisation of podocalyxin or Rho-GTPase activity in podocytes. Ezrin expression was effectively down-regulated by siRNA Fig. 6a. There was no significant difference in podocalyxin expression levels between control E11 and ezrin-knockdown E11 cells Fig. 6b: Total lysate. When we performed a cell surface biotinylation assay using these cells, the abundance of podocalyxin at membrane surface was not altered Fig. 6b: Cell surface, suggesting that loss of ezrin did not affect membrane localisation of podocalyxin in the glomerular podocytes. Furthermore, we performed a Rho-GTPase activity assay using these cells. In the ezrin-knockdown E11 cells, Rac1 activity was significantly decreased, whereas RhoA activity was comparable between control and ezrin-knockdown E11 cells Fig. 6c. To investigate whether ezrin activity influences Rho-GTPase activity in podocytes, we transfected several kinds of ezrin mutant genes in E11 cells. We then investigated Rho-GTPase activity in E11 cells after transfection of constitutively active (T567D) ezrin (T567D-ezrin), constitutively inactive (T567A) ezrin (T567A-ezrin), ezrin lacking an actin-binding domain at the C-terminus (1–533 aa: ΔCt-ezrin), full-length ezrin (FL-ezrin) and the N-terminal (FERM: 4.1-ezrin-radixin-moesin) domain of ezrin (1–310aa: N term-ezrin). All these proteins were conjugated with a flag-tag at the N-terminal. In all transfected cells, RhoA activity was not significantly altered Fig. 7a. However, Rac1 activity was significantly increased in both T567D-ezrin and N term-ezrin transfected E11 cells and significantly reduced in T567A-ezrin transfected E11 cells Fig. 7b. In FL-ezrin and ΔCt-ezrin transfected E11 cells, Rac1 activity was not significantly altered Fig. 7b.Figure 6In vitro analysis of surface expression of podocalyxin and Rho-GTPase activity using a podocyte cell line. ERM protein expression levels in E11 cells were investigated by immunoblotting. Knockdown of ezrin was performed by siRNA. The siRNA targeting ezrin gene effectively down-regulated expression of ezrin in E11 cells (a). A surface biotinylation assay was performed using negative control siRNA- and ezrin siRNA-treated E11 cells. Surface expression of podocalyxin was examined and no contamination of cytosolic proteins was identified by immunoblotting for GAPDH. Densitometry analysis was performed (n = 5 for each group) (b). RhoA and Rac1 activity in siRNA-treated E11 cells was investigated by Rho-GTPase activity assay (n = 5 for each group). *P < 0.05, vs. Negative siRNA-treated E11 cells (c).Figure 7RhoA and Rac1 activity in E11 cells transfected with ezrin mutants. E11 cells were transfected with different kinds of ezrin mutants (Full length ezrin: FL-ezrin; N-terminal (FERM) domain (aa:1-310): N term-ezrin; C-terminal deletion mutant (aa: 1-533): ΔC term-ezrin; constitutively inactive ezrin: T567A-ezrin; and constitutively active ezrin: T567D-ezrin). RhoA (a) and Rac1 (b) activity was measured in these E11 cells. *P < 0.05, vs. control. (n = 3–5).
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
247,185 |
The following LUS findings were assessed: normal lung; thickness and appearance of the hyperechoic pleural line; presence/absence of B-lines; presence/absence of consolidations; presence/absence of subpleural nodules; and presence/absence of pleural effusion.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
268,910 |
Based on the above hypothesis, we conducted an open-label, randomized, controlled trial to examine the efficacy and safety of latent MTrPs injection in patients with persistent, moderate to severe AR. In the current study, we show that administration of latent MTrPs alleviates AR symptoms for several months and provide clinical evidence of the relationship between latent MTrPs and AR.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
251,800 |
Iodothyronine deiodinases regulate thyroid hormone levels at plasma level (DIO1) as well as at tissue and cellular level, converting thyroxine, T4, to the active form, 3,3′,5-triiodo l-thyronine, T3 (DIO2), and vice versa (DIO3). Data about these selenoproteins are limited in the context of HF. T3 is a powerful regulator of cardiac contractility through its effect on myosin isoforms and calcium handling proteins . Furthermore, the T3 hormone stimulates cardiac mitochondrial biogenesis increasing myocardial mitochondrial mass, mitochondrial respiration, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), enzyme activities, mitochondrial protein synthesis (stimulated through T3), cytochrome, phospholipid, and mtDNA content . “Low T3 syndrome,” defined as low levels of T3 with normal levels of TSH and FT4, is a condition that is associated with increased composite end point of ventricular assist device placement, heart transplantation, or death in patients with pre-existing HF (HR 2.12; 95% CI 1.65, 2.72; P < 0.001) and the lack of optimal activity of deiodinases may play a role in this syndrome .
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
61,769 |
Applying the alternative 2010 global burden of disease disability weights – for comparison with newly published cost of illness studies that adopt these weights – would result in a substantially lower estimate of 81,033 (66,100 to 96,900) DALYs from sight loss and blindness, with the value of the loss of wellbeing estimated to be £7.2 (5.9 to 8.6) billion in the UK in 2013.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
243,888 |
The next study we found is about PERP protein (p53 apoptosis effector related to PMP-22), playing a role in inducing cell death. In his case, low expression is associated with more frequent loss of chromosome 3 . An analogous situation occurs in the case of adiponectin, where low expression also correlates with more frequent loss of chromosome 3 .
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
303,920 |
Experiment validation of the 19‐gene model and core protein TBPL1. Relative expression level of (A) ncRNA, (B) coding RNA and (C) microRNA tested by PCR. (D,E), Relative expression level of TBPL1 protein detected by IHC. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.005; ****, p < 0.001; ns, not significant
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
215,878 |
To verify the predictive performance of the GInLncSig, we reckoned the risk scores of the validation dataset (n = 237) and the entire TCGA cohort (n = 477) and carried on the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, and we plotted the corresponding ROC curves. The survival time of patients in the low-risk group was significantly longer than that in the high-risk group in the validation dataset and the entire TCGA cohort (p < 0.001, log-rank test; Figures 6B,C and Supplementary Tables S7, 8). The AUC values of ROC curves at 1, 3, and 5 years were respectively 0.887, 0.860, and 0.760 in the validation (Figure 6E), and 0.871, 0.851, and 0.723 in the entire TCGA cohort (Figure 6F). Altogether, these results suggested that the GInLncSig has an excellent predictive value for survival.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
199,907 |
With quantitative immunoblots, we were able not only to confirm the ELISA results, but also to analyze the levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 phosphorylated nucleoprotein (PNC) and anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) antibodies. We found different levels of analyzed antibodies among study participants, as shown in Figure 1a. In addition, the anti-SARS-CoV-2 PNC and anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibody levels differed within the same samples. Due to the low number of positive individuals, we did not correlate the antibody levels with previously mentioned parameters, i.e., age and gender.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
35,843 |
The genotypic distributions of p27-V109G polymorphisms were shown in Table 2. The genotype frequency of controls was conformed to HWE (P = 0.565). Compared to TT genotypes, the variant TG and GG genotypes were not associated with PCa risk after adjusting for other potential covariates. The frequency of p27-V109G genotypes was similar between PCa cases and controls (Table 2). In addition, a negative result was also uncovered when stratified analyses were conducted by different age groups and BMI (Table 3).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
239,434 |
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
303,098 |
Fig 5 The spatial distribution of estimated NPP showed that the trend of NPP distribution in China is higher in the Southeast and lower are the northwest (Fig 5). The spatial distribution of NPP varies from year after year due to different climatic factors, topographic factors, phenological characteristics, and vegetation types. As shown in Fig 5, there are pronounced regional differences in every model, offering a gradually decreasing trend from Southeast to northwest. In southern China, the evergreen broad-leaved forest is widely distributed and rich in resources. The annual average NPP is higher than 600 g C·m-2·yr-1. Rich precipitation and groundwater are more conducive to the growth of vegetation . However, the average annual NPP is lower than 200 g C·m-2·yr-1 in the northwest due to poor soil, low temperatures and low rainfall . Overall, the maximum value of NPP occurred in the southwest, southern China and Taiwan. The values between 600 and 700 g C·m-2·yr-1 were located in the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, east of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and north of Nanling Mountains with annual NPP. Annual NPP between 400 and 600 g C·m-2·yr-1 were located in Daxing’an Mountains, Xiaoxing’an Mountains, east of Taihang Mountains, middle reaches of the Yangtze River Basin, most area of Sichuan, southeastern Tibet, Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang and Altai Mountains. The low-value sites mainly distribute in Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and parts of Shanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Shanxi provinces with annual NPP less than 200 g C·m-2·yr-1.
| 3 | 2other
| 0Study
|
199,292 |
Frequency of pharmacogenomics HLA allele, drug, and adverse drug reactions in patients with pre‐stored HLA data. The left side process represents patients with HLA alleles associated with ADRs (seven alleles); the middle process represents patients who were prescribed medications (seven drugs) with known HLA‐associated ADRs; and the right side process represents HLA‐related ADRs from the Drug Safety Center reports and review of the diagnoses. HLA, human leukocyte antigen; PGx, pharmacogenomics; ADRs, adverse drug reactions; SNUH, Seoul National University Hospital; SJS, Steven–Johnson syndrome; DE, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
255,011 |
A total of 192 great tits from the nine paired urban–rural populations were genotyped at 517,603 filtered SNPs, with 10–16 individuals per sampling site (Supplementary Table 1). We quantified the relative degree of urbanisation for each site (urbanisation score: PCurb, from principal component analysis, PCA; see “Methods”, Fig. 1b, Supplementary Fig. 1 and Supplementary Table 1) to inform our genetic downstream analyses. Population structuring based on 314,351 LD (linkage-disequilibrium)-pruned SNPs (excluding small linkage groups and the Z-chromosome) was overall low across the 18 studied sites (Supplementary Fig. 2), with each of the first two principal components explaining <3% of the overall variation across populations (Fig. 2a and Supplementary Fig. 3a). Thus, we used a UMAP (Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection) approach to summarise the genetic variation along the first 20 PC axes. The UMAP analysis revealed the presence of distinct genetic clusters for some of the localities, although there was still a strong clustering of individuals from Gothenburg, Munich, Milan and Paris (Fig. 2a and Supplementary Fig. 3b; results were comparable when including the Z-chromosome, Supplementary Fig. 3c). This analysis also suggested that the levels of divergence differ strongly between each urban and adjacent rural population (Fig. 2a and Supplementary Fig. 3b). Furthermore, the population pairs from Glasgow and Lisbon showed the highest levels of divergence, with Lisbon and Glasgow separating along PC1 and PC2, respectively (Supplementary Fig. 3a), and also separating strongly in the UMAP plot (Fig. 2a). This increased divergence of Glasgow and Lisbon, both located in the range edge of the great tit distribution, could be explained by their slightly reduced heterozygosity, particularly in the urban populations (Supplementary Table 1). Indeed, population tree analyses using TreeMix supported the presence of increased drift in both urban populations (Fig. 2b). However, overall, we did not find lower heterozygosity levels in any of the nine-urban compared to the rural populations, which suggests that urban colonisation was in general not associated with significant bottlenecks (see Supplementary Table 1 for details; Wilcoxon test: W = 30, P = 0.377).Fig. 2Great tit population structure.a UMAP reduction of the first 20 principal component axes for an LD-pruned SNP dataset, excluding the Z-chromosome and small linkage groups. The insert shows the percent of variance explained (PVE) by each of the first 50 PC axes. The corresponding principal component plots can be found in Supplementary Fig. 2. b Population tree generated with TreeMix showing the relationship of urban (open circles) and rural (closed circles) populations from all sampling locations. c Comparison of FST value distributions (mean ± SD) across population and habitats. The effect size plots (mean ± 95% bootstrap CI) show that overall rural populations (rural vs rural) display lower differentiation than the studied population pairs (urban vs rural), but not lower than urban populations (urban vs urban). d Isolation-by-distance analyses (Mantel’s test) for urban (open circles, light shaded, n = 72) and rural (closed circles, dark shaded, n = 72) populations separately. Shaded area denotes the 95% CI. e Effective migration surfaces for great tits across Europe. Negative log migration rates [log(m)] depict areas with less gene flow than expected under an isolation-by-distance model, whereas positive migration rates indicate stronger gene flow. Note that migration rates outside the central part of the sampling distribution are generally low, also between closely related cities. BCN Barcelona, GLA Glasgow, GOT Gothenburg, LIS Lisbon, MAD Madrid, MAL Malmö, MIL Milan, MUC Munich, PAR Paris. Colour code is given in panel a. Source data are provided as a Source data file.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
90,158 |
Exclusion criteria for both groups were (1) any Axis I and II disorders according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV51); (2) severe depression (BDI-II ≥ 29); (3) seizure disorder; (4) history of head injury with possible neurological sequelae, and (5) substance abuse or dependence in the past six months.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
386,717 |
The dashboard (Figure 8) is the first page one sees when accessing the platform after login in from the welcome page. On the welcome page, users can register an account. The main goal of the dashboard is gathering all the essential information contained in the portal for the logged in user (e.g., forms to be submitted by users). Thus, users can either introduce the data of their patients or retrieve analysis reports, if they are physicians or administrate the platform, if they are system administrators.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
136,059 |
Out of the 499 analysed patients, 488 (97.8%) had some symptom. Most frequent symptoms referred by the patients along the infection were: cough (78.0%; CI95% 46.5–93.4), fever (77.8%; CI95% 46.5–93.4) and dyspnoea (54.1%; CI95% 46.6–61.4). Anosmia (15.0%; CI95% 13.7–16.4) and ageusia /hypogeusia were less frequent (13.8%; CI95% 10.4–18.2). Among the main COVID-19 clinical diagnosis we found bilateral or severe pneumonia (45.5%) and mild respiratory infections (24.0%). 37 (7.4%) patients died, one of them at home. All symptoms analysed and main patients' diagnoses are shown in Table 2. 392 (78.6%) patients required hospital care, and 303 (60.7%) needed to be admitted as inpatients. Mean time from the beginning of the symptoms until the hospital admission as inpatient were 7.8 days (SD 5.2). Median time of hospital admission was 8 days (interquartile range from 5 to 14). 29 (9.3%) patients were admitted to the Critical Care Unit. Table 2Main symptoms referred during the disease and final diagnosis according to the need of being treated at the hospital or notTotal (n = 499)% (CI 95%)Need of Hospital carea (n = 392)Didn´t require Hospital Care (n = 107)p valueMain Symptoms n(%) Anosmia7515.03 (13.7–16.4)46 (12.8)29 (29.6) < 0.001 Arthralgia/Myalgia22444.89 (5.7–91.6)182 (50.3)42 (42.0)0.14 Asthenia22244.49 (27.9–62.4)188 (51.8)34 (34.3)0.002 Diarrhoea13527.05 (11–52.8)116 (32.0)19 (19.2)0.013 Dyspnoea27054.11 (46.6–61.4)245 (65.0)25 (25.5) < 0.001 Chills15531.06 (9–67.3)139 (38.7)16 (16.7) < 0.001 Fever38877.76 (46.5–93.4)331 (88.0)57 (56.4) < 0.001 Hypogeusia6913.83 (10.4–18.2)43 (12.0)26 (26.5) < 0.001 Nausea /Vomiting7014.03 (4.1–38.4)62 (17.4)8 (8.1)0.023 Odynophagia12625.25 (14.8–39.7)89 (24.9)37 (37.0)0.016 Skin reactions183.61 (0.1–59.4)13 (3.6)5 (5.1)0.51 Cough38977.96 (46.5–93.4)314 (84.0)75 (75.0)0.038Final Diagnosis n(%) Asymptomatic case9 (1.8)4 (1.0)5 (4.7) < 0.001 Mild respiratory disease120 (24)22 (5.8)98 (91.6) Moderate respiratory disease48 (9.6)46 (12.0)2 (1.9) Non severe or unilateral Pneumonia62 (12.4)61 (16.0)1 (0.9) Bilateral Pneumonia227 (45.5)226 (59.2)1 (0.9) Acute Respiratory Distress23 (4.6)23 (6.0)0 (0.0) Deceased n(%)37 (7.4)36 (9.2)1 (0.9) < 0.001aNeed of hospital care: includes Emergency Department and hospital inpatients
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
293,195 |
Infective endocarditis (IE) is an uncommon infection of the endothelial surface lining the heart and its associated structures.1, 2 These infections are life‐threatening, with reported mortality rates as high as 10%.1, 2 The pathogenesis of IE involves fibrin‐platelet deposits on damaged or denuded endothelium caused by abnormal cardiac structures or turbulence leading to the formation of nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE).3 NBTE acts as an excellent nidus of infection for circulating bacteria and fungi. Staphylococcus aureus and fungi are the most common isolated microorganisms in neonatal IE.4
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
307,729 |
The pathophysiology of combined cardiovascular and kidney disease extends across several interfaces. First, conventional risk factors for atherosclerosis can affect both organs with coronary artery disease, renal artery stenosis, endothelial dysfunction and small vessel disease . Second are the hemodynamic interactions, including resistant hypertension, fluid overload and major alterations in blood pressure with abnormal regulatory response . Next is the activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, which is recognized in both CKD and heart failure, and plays an important role in the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis . Anemia and chronic inflammation can contribute to the overlap of morbidities, along with uremic toxins . Lastly, the mineral-bone disorder complicating CKD causes hyperphosphatemia and positive calcium balance, which stimulate vascular calcifications, accelerated atherosclerosis and structural changes in the heart . The phrase “cardiorenal syndrome” represents the mutual influence of the acute or chronic dysfunction of the heart or kidney on the other organ .
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
336,976 |
It should be noted that this study did have several limitations. First, the components of the PPCS were not pathologically examined. Second, we did not confirm by rose Bengal staining whether the location of PPCS corresponded to that of decreased MUC16, as only fluorescein staining was used in this study. In our previous experience, we confirmed that the PPCS site can be stained by Rose Bengal. However, we have no information about whether the corneal epithelium behind the PPCS can be stained by rose Bengal. If this is the case, the possible attachment of mucin aggregates to the corneal epithelium with MUC16 being decreased can be somehow clarified. Third, this present retrospective study involved a relatively small number of subjects. Thus, further study may be needed to confirm the findings. Furthermore, the influence of topical treatment on the results of this present study needs to be considered from the aspect that the diagnosis of SS and the ocular surface examinations were conducted separately, and that the study may possibly have included cases diagnosed with SS and who might have previously had PPCS, however, it disappeared via the topical treatment at the time when the corneal fluorescein staining was performed. However, in regard to the relationship between PPCS manifestation and the results of the ocular surface examinations, there was no need to take the influence of topical treatment into consideration, as this present study examined the causal relationship between the manifestation of PPCS and the other ocular surface findings at a specific time-point.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
255,231 |
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 125 patients who had a definitive histological diagnosis of TSGCT made by experienced pathologists and who had undergone surgery in our institutions from 1990 to 2012. Although cases with tumors involving intra-articular spaces were included, those limited to extra-articular regions were excluded from this study. We collected information including age, sex, involved joints, existence or progression of osteochondral destruction (including bone destruction and osteoarthritic change), surgical procedures, local recurrence, and subsequent treatment including repeated surgery after relapse. Twenty-two cases with insufficient medical records, 21 cases lost to follow-up within 12 months, one case dead of another disease, and one case treated with a molecularly targeted agent before surgery were excluded. As a result, 80 cases were included in this study. The STROBE flow diagram of the study is presented in Fig. 1. Our institutional review board approved this study (approval number: 5259). In this approval, the need for informed consent was waived by Nagoya University because of the retrospective design of the study based on anonymous data. For other facilities, IRB was waived by communicating the research contents to the director because the study was a retrospective one, and did not collect new samples. This research was conducted in accordance with the principles set out in the Declaration of Helsinki.Figure 1The STROBE flow diagram of the study.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
136,885 |
This study aimed to investigate whether there are differences in the cardiometabolic factors such as insulin resistance, fasting glucose, and systolic and diastolic BPs in early school-aged children born prematurely compared to term infants and whether these adverse cardiometabolic findings are associated with adiposity and growth velocity.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
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