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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "\"Perhaps a corpse would be re-animated\", Mary noted, \"galvanism had given token of such things\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "\" During one evening in the middle of summer, the discussions turned to the nature of the principle of life."
}
] |
7C7ySrygKrLNgeDANy6e
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "Sitting around a log fire at Byron's villa, the company amused themselves by reading German ghost stories translated into French from the book Fantasmagoriana, then Byron proposed that they \"each write a ghost story\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mary, Percy and Lord Byron had a competition to see who could write the best horror story."
},
{
"section_header": "Author's background",
"text": "Mary and Percy's trip with Claire to visit her lover Lord Byron, in Geneva during the summer of 1816, began the friendship amongst the two couples in which Byron suggested they have a competition of writing the best ghost story."
},
{
"section_header": "Films, plays, and television",
"text": "1990: Frankenstein Unbound. Combines a time-travel story with the story of Shelley's novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "She began writing what she assumed would be a short story."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication",
"text": "This edition was heavily revised by Mary Shelley, partially to make the story less radical."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "Unable to think of a story, young Mary became anxious: \"Have you thought of a story?"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shelley started writing the story when she was 18, and the first edition was published anonymously in London on 1 January 1818, when she was 20."
},
{
"section_header": "Films, plays, and television",
"text": "1986 : Gothic, directed by Ken Russell, is the story of the night that Mary Shelley gave birth to Frankenstein."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "In September 2011, astronomer Donald Olson, after a visit to the Lake Geneva villa the previous year and inspecting data about the motion of the moon and stars, concluded that her \"waking dream\" took place \"between 2 a.m. and 3 a.m.\" on 16 June 1816, several days after the initial idea by Lord Byron that they each write a ghost story."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "\"Perhaps a corpse would be re-animated\", Mary noted, \"galvanism had given token of such things\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "\" During one evening in the middle of summer, the discussions turned to the nature of the principle of life."
}
] |
Mary Shelley came upon the idea for this story after her family decided to write ghost stories to pass the time.
| 1 | 5 |
Frankenstein
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was imprisoned for many years, upon many occasions, in both South Africa and India."
}
] |
7C8JSzUdJbauscdphcaw
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Struggle for Indian independence (1915–1947) | Salt Satyagraha (Salt March)",
"text": "Congress estimates, however, put the figure at 90,000."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Struggle for Indian independence (1915–1947) | World War II and Quit India movement",
"text": "The British government responded quickly to the Quit India speech, and within hours after Gandhi's speech arrested Gandhi and all the members of the Congress Working Committee."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary works",
"text": "The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi in the 1960s."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Struggle for Indian independence (1915–1947) | World War II and Quit India movement",
"text": "At this point Gandhi called off the struggle, and around 100,000 political prisoners were released, including the Congress's leadership."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Struggle for Indian independence (1915–1947) | World War II and Quit India movement",
"text": "Gandhi's arrest lasted two years, as he was held in the Aga Khan Palace in Pune."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Struggle for Indian independence (1915–1947) | Non-co-operation",
"text": "Gandhi defied the order. On 9 April, Gandhi was arrested."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Struggle for Indian independence (1915–1947) | World War II and Quit India movement",
"text": "Gandhi was released before the end of the war on 6 May 1944 because of his failing health and necessary surgery; the Raj did not want him to die in prison and enrage the nation."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Struggle for Indian independence (1915–1947) | World War II and Quit India movement",
"text": "Gandhi and Jinnah had extensive correspondence and the two men met several times over a period of two weeks in September 1944, where Gandhi insisted on a united religiously plural and independent India which included Muslims and non-Muslims of the Indian subcontinent coexisting."
},
{
"section_header": "Principles, practices, and beliefs | On life, society and other application of his ideas | Fasting",
"text": "Gandhi's 1943 hunger strike took place during a two-year prison term for the anticolonial Quit India movement."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Struggle for Indian independence (1915–1947) | Round Table Conferences",
"text": "In protest, Gandhi started a fast-unto-death, while he was held in prison."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was imprisoned for many years, upon many occasions, in both South Africa and India."
}
] |
Mahatma Gandhi was arrested and put in prison multiple times while he was in the India and Australia.
| 0 | 0 |
Mahatma Gandhi
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, along with the rest of the Harry Potter series, has been attacked by some religious groups and banned in some countries because of accusations that the novels promote witchcraft under the guise of a heroic, moral story."
}
] |
7CW6sr8ekKxdQvir7frD
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Plot",
"text": "Hermione unintentionally is forced to come along after her failed attempts to stop them, and they find Gryffindor student Neville Longbottom asleep outside the common area because he had forgotten the password to get in."
},
{
"section_header": "Development, publication and reception | U.S. publication and reception",
"text": "Scholastic's Arthur Levine thought that \"philosopher\" sounded too archaic for readers and after some discussion (including the proposed title \"Harry Potter and the School of Magic\"), the American edition was published in September 1998 under the title Rowling suggested, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Plot",
"text": "There, Harry also makes an enemy of yet another first-year, Draco Malfoy, who shows prejudice against Ron for his family's financial difficulties."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Film version",
"text": "Rowling demanded that the principal cast be kept strictly British but allowed for the casting of Irish actors such as the late Richard Harris as Dumbledore and of foreign actors as characters of the same nationalities in later books."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While some commentators thought the book looked backwards to Victorian and Edwardian boarding school stories, others thought it placed the genre firmly in the modern world by featuring contemporary ethical and social issues, as well as overcoming obstacles like bullies."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Main characters",
"text": "Professor Quirrell is a twitching, stammering and nervous man who teaches Defence Against the Dark Arts."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Plot",
"text": "In the final room, Harry, now alone, finds Quirinus Quirrell, the Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher, who reveals he had been the one working behind the scenes to kill Harry by first jinxing his broom and then letting a troll into the school, while Snape had been trying to protect Harry instead."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Plot",
"text": "A further indiscretion from Hagrid allows them to work out that the object kept under that trapdoor is a Philosopher's Stone, which grants its user immortality as well as the ability to turn any metal into pure gold."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Uses in education and business",
"text": "Stephen Brown noted that the early Harry Potter books, especially Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, were a runaway success despite inadequate and poorly organised marketing."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The first novel in the Harry Potter series and Rowling's debut novel"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, along with the rest of the Harry Potter series, has been attacked by some religious groups and banned in some countries because of accusations that the novels promote witchcraft under the guise of a heroic, moral story."
}
] |
Harry Potter isn't allowed in some areas becaue it is thought to go against the areas beliefs.
| 4 | 4 |
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played his entire 21-year baseball career for the Washington Senators (1907–1927)."
}
] |
7CXPV7JezqHSNcxfrx3P
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "In a 21-year career, Johnson had twelve 20-win seasons, including ten in a row."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Walter Johnson baseball field in Humboldt, Kansas. Walter Johnson Road in Germantown, Maryland."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played his entire 21-year baseball career for the Washington Senators (1907–1927)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "A large recreation park (Walter Johnson Park) is named after him in Coffeyville, Kansas, where he maintained a part-time residence for several years."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Later that year, he was elected to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "A small high school baseball league in Kansas is named the Walter Johnson League."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The baseball field in Memorial Park, in Weiser, Idaho, is called Walter Johnson Field."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is the only pitcher in major league history to record over 400 wins and strike out over 3,500 batters."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball Hall of Fame",
"text": "Johnson was one of the first five players elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1936."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Bethesda Big Train, a summer collegiate baseball team based in Bethesda, Maryland, is named in his honor and features a Walter Johnson sculpture in front of their stadium."
}
] |
Walter Johnson played baseball and spent over 20 years with the Baltimore Orioles.
| 2 | 3 |
Walter Johnson
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sunset Boulevard is a boulevard in the central and western part of Los Angeles, California that stretches from the Pacific Coast Highway in Pacific Palisades east to Figueroa Street in Downtown Los Angeles."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "From Downtown Los Angeles, the boulevard heads northwest, to Hollywood, through which it travels due west for several miles before it bends southwest towards the ocean."
}
] |
7D0oXTFSCjpZ2cPjINQ3
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cultural aspects",
"text": "The Buffalo Springfield song \" For What It's Worth\" was written about a riot at Pandora's Box, a Sunset Strip club, in 1966.Metro Local lines 2, 302 and 602 operate on Sunset Boulevard, with the former two running through most of Sunset Boulevard between Downtown LA and UCLA, and the latter from UCLA west."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sunset Boulevard is a boulevard in the central and western part of Los Angeles, California that stretches from the Pacific Coast Highway in Pacific Palisades east to Figueroa Street in Downtown Los Angeles."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Sunset Boulevard historically extended farther east than it does now, starting at Alameda Street near Union Station and beside Olvera Street in the historic section of Downtown."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In 1890, Belgian diplomat Victor Ponet bought 240 acres (97 ha) of the former Rancho La Brea land grant."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "From Downtown Los Angeles, the boulevard heads northwest, to Hollywood, through which it travels due west for several miles before it bends southwest towards the ocean."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural aspects",
"text": "The portion of Sunset Boulevard that passes through Beverly Hills was once named Beverly Boulevard."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural aspects",
"text": "The Sunset Strip portion of Sunset Boulevard in West Hollywood has been famous for its active nightlife since at least the 1950s."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural aspects",
"text": "The boulevard is commemorated in Billy Wilder's film Sunset Boulevard (1950), the Andrew Lloyd Webber musical of the same name, and the 1950s television series 77 Sunset Strip."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Sunset Boulevard is at least four lanes wide along its entire route."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "In Bel-Air, Sunset Boulevard runs along the northern boundary of UCLA's Westwood campus."
}
] |
Sunset Boulevard goes northeast to downtown LA.
| 1 | 2 |
Sunset Boulevard
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Soundtrack",
"text": "While there is no incidental score as such in the film, Scorsese chose songs for the soundtrack that he felt obliquely commented on the scene or the characters."
}
] |
7DBsjYO7Y6T4Xxjo6JfN
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Soundtrack",
"text": "Some of the music Scorsese had written into the script, while other songs he discovered during the editing phase."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Upon returning, Jimmy and Henry are arrested after being turned in by the gambler's sister, an FBI typist, and they receive ten-year prison sentences."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Soundtrack",
"text": "In a given scene, he only used music contemporary to or older than the scene's setting."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Soundtrack",
"text": "While there is no incidental score as such in the film, Scorsese chose songs for the soundtrack that he felt obliquely commented on the scene or the characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "GoodFellas is easily one of the year's best films."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Time included Goodfellas in their list of Time's All-Time 100 Movies."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Photography",
"text": "Freeze frames were used as Scorsese wanted images that stopped \"because a point was being reached\" in Henry's life."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Goodfellas is widely regarded as one of the greatest films ever made, particularly in the gangster genre."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Soundtrack",
"text": "According to Scorsese, a lot of non-dialogue scenes were shot to playback."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "One of Scorsese's best films!"
}
] |
The soundtrack to Goodfellas turned out to be a happy accident because Scorsese mainly just focused on including music he liked from his childhood.
| 3 | 4 |
Goodfellas
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Crucible is a 1953 play by American playwright Arthur Miller."
}
] |
7DPZIwManwvUW48oaOqE
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act One",
"text": "The opening narration explains the context of Salem and the Puritan colonists of Massachusetts, which the narrator depicts as an isolated theocratic society in constant conflict with Native Americans."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Crucible is a 1953 play by American playwright Arthur Miller."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "1996 – The Crucible with a screenplay by Arthur Miller himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "In the 1953 essay, Journey to The Crucible, Miller writes of visiting Salem and feeling like the only one interested in what really happened in 1692."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "The Devil in Boston. In 1953, the year the play debuted, Miller wrote, \"The Crucible is taken from history."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Editions",
"text": "Miller, Arthur The Crucible (Harmondsworth: The Viking Press, 1971); ISBN 0-14-02-4772-6 (edited; with an introduction by Gerald Weales."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and originality",
"text": "In 1947 Feuchtwanger wrote a play about the Salem witch trials, Wahn oder der Teufel in Boston (Delusion, or The Devil in Boston), as an allegory for the persecution of communists, thus anticipating the theme of The Crucible by Arthur Miller; Wahn premiered in Germany in 1949."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is a dramatized and partially fictionalized story of the Salem witch trials that took place in the Massachusetts Bay Colony during 1692–93."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy | Title",
"text": "Miller originally called the play Those Familiar Spirits before renaming it as The Crucible."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy | Language of the period",
"text": "The play's action takes place 70 years after the community arrived as settlers from Britain."
}
] |
The Crucible is a 1953 novel written by Arthur Miller depicting early settlers in Salem, MA and puritan colonists of Massachusetts.
| 1 | 2 |
The Crucible
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His father, Alphonso Taft, was a U.S. Attorney General and Secretary of War."
}
] |
7DUUbe64lfYaeQxu3iAK
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "William Howard Taft was born September 15, 1857 in Cincinnati, Ohio, to Alphonso Taft and Louise Torrey."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and historical view",
"text": "The house in Cincinnati where Taft was born and lived as a boy is now the William Howard Taft National Historic Site."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and historical view",
"text": "Lurie concluded his account of William Taft's career,"
},
{
"section_header": "Rise in government (1880–1908) | Ohio lawyer and judge",
"text": "William Taft remained devoted to his wife throughout their almost 44 years of marriage."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Howard Taft (September 15, 1857 – March 8, 1930) was the 27th president of the United States (1909–1913) and the tenth Chief Justice of the United States (1921–1930), the only person to have held both offices."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise in government (1880–1908) | Federal judge",
"text": "He watched with some disbelief as the campaign of Ohio Governor William McKinley developed in 1894 and 1895, writing \"I cannot find anybody in Washington who wants him\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise in government (1880–1908) | Federal judge",
"text": "Taft's older half-brother Charles, successful in business, supplemented Taft's government salary, allowing William and Nellie Taft and their family to live in comfort."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1909–1913) | Domestic policies and politics | Antitrust",
"text": "In October 1911, Taft's Justice Department brought suit against U.S. Steel, demanding that over a hundred of its subsidiaries be granted corporate independence, and naming as defendants many prominent business executives and financiers."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise in government (1880–1908) | Ohio lawyer and judge",
"text": "After admission to the Ohio bar, Taft devoted himself to his job at the Commercial full-time."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "William Taft was not seen as brilliant as a child, but was a hard worker; Taft's demanding parents pushed him and his four brothers toward success, tolerating nothing less."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His father, Alphonso Taft, was a U.S. Attorney General and Secretary of War."
}
] |
William Howard Taft's dad was a financier in Ohio.
| 0 | 0 |
William Howard Taft
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On an atomic scale, the electric field is responsible for the attractive force between the atomic nucleus and electrons that holds atoms together, and the forces between atoms"
}
] |
7DgM6TMI2K0qIOw7l23L
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Energy in the electric field",
"text": "where ε is the permittivity of the medium in which the field exists, μ {"
},
{
"section_header": "Electrostatic fields | Uniform fields",
"text": "It can be approximated by placing two conducting plates parallel to each other and maintaining a voltage (potential difference) between them; it is only an approximation because of boundary effects (near the edge of the planes, electric field is distorted because the plane does not continue)."
},
{
"section_header": "Electrostatic fields | Uniform fields",
"text": "In micro- and nano-applications, for instance in relation to semiconductors, a typical magnitude of an electric field is in the order of 106 V⋅m−1, achieved by applying a voltage of the order of 1 volt between conductors spaced 1 µm apart."
},
{
"section_header": "Definition",
"text": "If there are multiple charges, the resultant Coulomb force on a charge can be found by summing the vectors of the forces due to each charge."
},
{
"section_header": "Electrostatic fields | Uniform fields",
"text": "The negative sign arises as positive charges repel, so a positive charge will experience a force away from the positively charged plate, in the opposite direction to that in which the voltage increases."
},
{
"section_header": "Energy in the electric field",
"text": "As E and B fields are coupled, it would be misleading to split this expression into \"electric\" and \"magnetic\" contributions."
},
{
"section_header": "Superposition principle",
"text": "{2},...\\mathbf {r} _{n}} , in the absence of currents, the superposition principle proves that the resulting field is the sum of fields generated by each particle as described by Coulomb's law: E ( r ) ="
},
{
"section_header": "Energy in the electric field",
"text": "\\displaystyle \\mu } its magnetic permeability, and E and B are the electric and magnetic field vectors."
},
{
"section_header": "Electrostatic fields | Electric potential",
"text": "If a system is static, such that magnetic fields are not time-varying, then by Faraday's law, the electric field is curl-free."
},
{
"section_header": "Electrodynamic fields",
"text": "The electric field cannot be described independently of the magnetic field in that case."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On an atomic scale, the electric field is responsible for the attractive force between the atomic nucleus and electrons that holds atoms together, and the forces between atoms"
}
] |
Electric fields require an ongoing differential generating voltage, as found in a battery, to exist.
| 0 | 0 |
Electric field
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Encouraged by her father to go to college before embarking on an acting career, Alexander attended Sarah Lawrence College in Bronxville, New York, where she concentrated on theater, but also studied mathematics with an eye toward computer programming, in the event that she failed as an actress."
}
] |
7ElYRRn4iFKpB3qODWiv
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She graduated from Beaver Country Day School, an all-girls school in Chestnut Hill outside of Boston, where she discovered her love of acting."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Alexander moved to Washington, DC, and served as chair of the NEA until 1997."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jane Alexander (born October 28, 1939) is an American author, actress, and former director of the National Endowment for the Arts."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Alexander was born Jane Quigley in Boston, Massachusetts, daughter of Ruth Elizabeth (née Pearson), a nurse, and Thomas B. Quigley, an orthopedic surgeon."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Alexander met her first husband, Robert Alexander, in the early 1960s in New York City, where both were pursuing acting careers."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Her character, a psychotherapist, serves as the connecting link between three couples coping with relational and sexual difficulties."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Alexander had been acting regularly in various regional theaters when she met producer/director Edwin Sherin in Washington, DC, where he was artistic director at Arena Stage."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The experience solidified her determination to continue acting."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Alexander's additional screen credits include All the President's Men (1976), Kramer vs. Kramer (1979), and Testament (1983), all of which earned her Oscar nods, Brubaker (1980), The Cider House Rules (1999), and Fur (2006), in which she played Gertrude Nemerov, mother of Diane Arbus, played in the film by Nicole Kidman."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Encouraged by her father to go to college before embarking on an acting career, Alexander attended Sarah Lawrence College in Bronxville, New York, where she concentrated on theater, but also studied mathematics with an eye toward computer programming, in the event that she failed as an actress."
}
] |
In addition to acting Jane Alexander also considered other school subjects that would serve as a back up plan.
| 1 | 7 |
Jane Alexander
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Second Bank of the United States, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was the second federally authorized Hamiltonian national bank in the United States during its 20-year charter from February 1816 to January 1836."
}
] |
7ExBpdirD61IN5Koxfop
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Architecture",
"text": "The Greek Revival style used for the Second Bank contrasts with the earlier, Federal style in architecture used for the First Bank of the United States, which also still stands and is located nearby in Philadelphia."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture",
"text": "The architect of the Second Bank of the United States was William Strickland (1788–1854), a former student of Benjamin Latrobe (1764–1820), the man who is often called the first professionally trained American architect."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Second Bank of the United States, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was the second federally authorized Hamiltonian national bank in the United States during its 20-year charter from February 1816 to January 1836."
},
{
"section_header": "Terms of charter",
"text": "The Second Bank of the United States was America's central bank, comparable to the Bank of England and the Bank of France, with one key distinction – the United States government owned one-fifth (20%) of its capital."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Failing to secure recharter, the Second Bank of the United States became a private corporation in 1836, and underwent liquidation in 1841."
},
{
"section_header": "Terms of charter",
"text": "Federally appointed directors were barred from acting as officials in other banks."
},
{
"section_header": "BUS regulatory mechanisms",
"text": "The primary regulatory task of the Second Bank of the United States, as chartered by Congress in 1816, was to restrain the uninhibited proliferation of paper money (bank notes) by state or private lenders, which was highly profitable to these institutions."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Jackson's Bank War",
"text": "Jackson proceeded to destroy the bank as a financial and political force by removing its federal deposits, and in 1833, federal revenue was diverted into selected private banks by executive order, ending the regulatory role of the Second Bank of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture",
"text": "Strickland's design for the Second Bank of the United States is in essence based on the Parthenon in Athens, Greece, and is a significant early and monumental example of Greek Revival architecture."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Establishment",
"text": "Old Republicans, represented by John Taylor of Caroline and John Randolph of Roanoke characterized the Second Bank of the United States as both constitutionally illegitimate and a direct threat to Jeffersonian agrarianism, state sovereignty and the institution of slavery, expressed by Taylor's statement that \"...if Congress could incorporate a bank, it might emancipate a slave\"."
}
] |
The Second Bank of the United States was the first official bank after the fire of 1822.
| 0 | 0 |
Second Bank of the United States
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Languages",
"text": "Polish is the only official and predominant spoken language in Poland, but it is also used throughout the world by Polish minorities in other countries as well as being one of the official languages of the European Union."
}
] |
7FU2EOL6TgKlPYiijU7q
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Languages",
"text": "The deaf communities use Polish Sign Language belonging to the German family of Sign Languages."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Languages",
"text": "Polish is the only official and predominant spoken language in Poland, but it is also used throughout the world by Polish minorities in other countries as well as being one of the official languages of the European Union."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Languages",
"text": "There are currently 15 minority languages in Poland, including one recognized regional language, Kashubian, which is spoken by around 366,000 people in the northern regions of Kashubia and Pomerania."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Languages",
"text": "More than 50% of Polish citizens declare knowledge of the English language, followed by German (38%)."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Languages",
"text": "Languages having the status of national minority's language are Armenian, Belarusian, Czech, German, Yiddish, Hebrew, Lithuanian, Russian, Slovak and Ukrainian."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Languages",
"text": "Poland recognized secondary administrative languages or auxiliary languages in bilingual municipalities."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Languages",
"text": "Polish is also a second language in Lithuania, where it is taught in schools and universities."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Languages",
"text": "Official recognition of a language provides certain rights under conditions prescribed by Polish law, including education and state financial support for promoting that language."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Languages",
"text": "Languages having the status of ethnic minority's language are Karaim, Lemko-Rusyn, Tatar and two Romani languages; Polska Roma and Bergitka Roma."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Languages",
"text": "Poland's once multi-ethnic population communicated in numerous languages and lects which faded or disappeared along the course of history."
}
] |
Polish is the only spoken language in Poland, and deaf communities use Polish Sign Language belonging to the German family of Sign Languages.
| 0 | 0 |
Poland
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early baseball career",
"text": "He played in six games, batted .143, and never pitched an inning, but practiced so hard he developed a sore shoulder and was released."
}
] |
7FaF0qG2wavay1vZJ53Q
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Radbourn was born on December 11, 1854, in Rochester, New York, the second of eight children to Charles and Caroline (Gardner) Radbourn."
},
{
"section_header": "Providence Grays | 1884 season",
"text": "On game day he was at the ballpark hours before the start, getting warmed up."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in New York and raised in Illinois, Radbourn played semi-professional and minor league baseball before making his major league debut for Buffalo in 1880."
},
{
"section_header": "Providence Grays | 1884 season",
"text": "But on July 22, Sweeney had been drinking before the start of the game and continued drinking in the dugout between innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "In 1886, an image was captured of him \"flipping off\" a member of the New York Giants in a team photo."
},
{
"section_header": "Providence Grays | 1884 season",
"text": "After the regular season ended, the NL champion Grays played the American Association champion New York Metropolitans in the 1884 World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Early baseball career",
"text": "When he recovered, he pitched for a pick-up Bloomington team in an exhibition game against the Providence Grays."
},
{
"section_header": "Providence Grays | 1884 season",
"text": "Soon, pitching every other day as he was, his arm became so sore he couldn't raise it to comb his hair."
},
{
"section_header": "Providence Grays | 1884 season",
"text": "At that point, Radbourn offered to start every game for the rest of the season (having pitched in 76 of 98 games the season before) in exchange for a small raise and exemption from the reserve clause for the next season."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Charles Radbourn (the elder) had immigrated to the United States from Bristol, England, to find work as a butcher; Caroline followed soon after."
},
{
"section_header": "Early baseball career",
"text": "He played in six games, batted .143, and never pitched an inning, but practiced so hard he developed a sore shoulder and was released."
}
] |
Charles Radbourn messed up his arm when he fell down stairs before a game in New York.
| 0 | 0 |
Charles Radbourn
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He returned to the NL with Cincinnati Reds (1902–1906) and Boston Doves (1908)."
}
] |
7FuGiuUF5v5aLtIregOL
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Cincinnati Reds, Toronto Maple Leafs, and Boston Doves (1902–1908)",
"text": "Dovey fired Kelley in December 1908."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He returned to the NL with Cincinnati Reds (1902–1906) and Boston Doves (1908)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kelley served as player-manager of the Reds (1902–1905) and Doves (1908)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Cincinnati Reds, Toronto Maple Leafs, and Boston Doves (1902–1908)",
"text": "Kelley feuded with Doves' owner George Dovey, as Dovey wanted George Browne fined for \"indifferent play\", which Kelley refused to do."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Cincinnati Reds, Toronto Maple Leafs, and Boston Doves (1902–1908)",
"text": "Kelley announced that he would play left field."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Cincinnati Reds, Toronto Maple Leafs, and Boston Doves (1902–1908)",
"text": "With Fred Tenney set to leave the Boston Doves of the NL for the Giants, the Doves claimed Kelley from the Maple Leafs, signing Kelley to a two-year contract with an annual salary of $5,500 ($156,506 in current dollar terms)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Cincinnati Reds, Toronto Maple Leafs, and Boston Doves (1902–1908)",
"text": "Kelley and Dovey settled their case, freeing Kelley from the second year of his Doves contract."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early career: Minor leagues and Boston Beaneaters (1891)",
"text": "After batting .244 in twelve games played, the Beaneaters released Kelley after the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Cincinnati Reds, Toronto Maple Leafs, and Boston Doves (1902–1908)",
"text": "Kelley did not immediately report to Cincinnati, instead traveling to Boston to attempt to convince members of the Boston Americans to join him in the NL."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In his MLB career, Kelley played in the National League (NL) for the Boston Beaneaters (1891), Pittsburgh Pirates (1892), Baltimore Orioles (1892–1898), and Brooklyn Superbas (1899–1901), before he jumped to the upstart American League to play for the Baltimore Orioles (1902)."
}
] |
Kelley played for the Boston Doves in 1908.
| 1 | 5 |
Joe Kelley
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Criticism",
"text": "Kenny G has attracted significant criticism from mainstream jazz musicians and enthusiasts."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism",
"text": "\"Kenny G's 1999 single \"What a Wonderful World\" was criticized for its overdubbing of Louis Armstrong's recording."
}
] |
7Fw44pqZkO5gzxx2MY82
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Criticism",
"text": "Some columnists suggested Kenny G's recording exposed more fans to real jazz, but the response to his recording tended to be negative."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kenny G is one of the best-selling artists of all time, with global sales totaling more than 75 million records."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010s",
"text": "He competed in an episode of Drop the Mic against country singer Jake Owen."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He has been a fan of the sport since his elder brother, Brian Gorelick, introduced him to it when he was ten."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000s: Continued popularity",
"text": "The album featured R&B singer Brian McKnight, and included the single \"One More Time\", a duet with Chanté Moore."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Kenny G was born in Seattle, Washington."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Kenny G filed for divorce in August"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010s",
"text": "At the end of the scene, Kenny G appears as a janitor."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Kenny G now lives in Malibu, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Equipment",
"text": "He has created his own line of saxophones called \"Kenny G Saxophones\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism",
"text": "Kenny G has attracted significant criticism from mainstream jazz musicians and enthusiasts."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism",
"text": "\"Kenny G's 1999 single \"What a Wonderful World\" was criticized for its overdubbing of Louis Armstrong's recording."
}
] |
Kenny G. has garnered an immense quantity of dislike by more competent instrumentalists and fans.
| 1 | 2 |
Kenny G
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Stadium",
"text": "When construction was completed on the new Main stand the capacity of Anfield was increased to 54,074."
}
] |
7GE2lALuuiUmIgQ6PGD2
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Stadium",
"text": "The capacity of the stadium at the time was 20,000, although only 100 spectators attended Liverpool's first match at Anfield."
},
{
"section_header": "Stadium",
"text": "The stadium was scheduled to open in August 2011 and would hold 60,000 spectators, with HKS, Inc. contracted to build the stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "Stadium",
"text": "Anfield could accommodate more than 60,000 supporters at its peak and had a capacity of 55,000 until the 1990s, when, following recommendations from the Taylor Report, all clubs in the Premier League were obliged to convert to all-seater stadiums in time for the 1993–94 season, reducing its capacity to 45,276."
},
{
"section_header": "Support",
"text": "It has since gained popularity among fans of other clubs around the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Stadium",
"text": "At its peak, the stand could hold 28,000 spectators and was one of the largest single-tier stands in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Colours and badge",
"text": "In February 2015, Warrior's parent company New Balance announced it would be entering the global football market, with teams sponsored by Warrior now being outfitted by New Balance."
},
{
"section_header": "Ownership and finances",
"text": "Liverpool's income in the 2009–10 season was €225.3m."
},
{
"section_header": "Stadium",
"text": "In October 2012, BBC Sport reported that Fenway Sports Group, the new owners of Liverpool FC, had decided to redevelop their current home at Anfield stadium, rather than building a new stadium in Stanley Park."
},
{
"section_header": "Rivalries",
"text": "The rivalry stems from Liverpool's formation and the dispute with Everton officials and the then owners of Anfield."
},
{
"section_header": "Ownership and finances",
"text": "He oversaw the most successful period in Liverpool's history before stepping down in 1990."
},
{
"section_header": "Stadium",
"text": "When construction was completed on the new Main stand the capacity of Anfield was increased to 54,074."
}
] |
Liverpool's stadium was remodeled to be able to accommodate around 54 thousand spectators.
| 1 | 4 |
Liverpool F.C.
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "[isˈtanbuɫ] (listen)), formerly known as Byzantium and Constantinople, is the most populous city in Turkey and the country's economic, cultural and historic center."
}
] |
7GpHEbnSJj0sVpvUINh0
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Founded under the name of Byzantion (Βυζάντιον) on the Sarayburnu promontory around 660 BCE, the city grew in size and influence, becoming one of the most important cities in history."
},
{
"section_header": "Toponymy",
"text": "The first known name of the city is Byzantium (Greek: Βυζάντιον, Byzántion),"
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Leisure and entertainment",
"text": "Istanbul is known for its historic seafood restaurants."
},
{
"section_header": "Education",
"text": "Other prominent high schools in the city include Istanbul Lisesi (founded in 1884), Kabataş Erkek Lisesi (founded in 1908) and Kadıköy Anadolu Lisesi (founded in 1955).In 1909,"
},
{
"section_header": "Education",
"text": "Istanbul University, founded in 1453, is the oldest Turkish educational institution in the city."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "With its focus now solely on music and dance, the Istanbul Festival has been known as the Istanbul International Music Festival since 1994."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "As a result, there have been proposals to build a canal, known as Canal Istanbul, parallel to the strait, on the European side of the city."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "When additional universities and art journals were founded in Istanbul during the 1980s, artists formerly based in Ankara moved in."
},
{
"section_header": "Education",
"text": "Istanbul Technical University, founded in 1773, is the world's third-oldest university dedicated entirely to engineering sciences."
},
{
"section_header": "Cityscape | Architecture",
"text": "Istanbul is primarily known for its Byzantine and Ottoman architecture, but its buildings reflect the various peoples and empires that have previously ruled the city."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "[isˈtanbuɫ] (listen)), formerly known as Byzantium and Constantinople, is the most populous city in Turkey and the country's economic, cultural and historic center."
}
] |
Istanbul was known as Thermopylae and was founded by the named of Byzantion.
| 3 | 4 |
Istanbul
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "History and architecture | Notable events",
"text": "On 15 April 1999, Felix Baumgartner set the world record for BASE jumping (since broken) by jumping off a window cleaning crane on the Petronas Towers."
}
] |
7HqavGOYjsRH2lv5PvFM
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History and architecture | Notable events",
"text": "On 15 April 1999, Felix Baumgartner set the world record for BASE jumping (since broken) by jumping off a window cleaning crane on the Petronas Towers."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Totally Spies episode titled \"Man or Machine\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History and architecture",
"text": "The raft is 4.6 metres (15 ft) thick, weighs 32,500 tonnes (35,800 tons) and held the world record for the largest concrete pour until 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "A 2002 episode of the animated series Jackie Chan Adventures titled \"When Pigs Fly\" (Season 3, Episode 6), features the towers."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In the 2009 History Channel original program Life After People, the towers make an appearance in the episode titled \"Bound and Buried\", and it is stated that the towers would survive approximately 500 years without human maintenance, eventually collapsing from the weathering and erosion of Malaysia's tropical climate."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Petronas Towers remain the tallest twin towers in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Lift system",
"text": "A1-A6 (Tower 1) & A7-A12 (Tower 2)(Bank"
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Lift system",
"text": "C1-C6 C1-C6 (Tower 1) & C7-C12 ( Tower 2)(Bank C Passenger Lift): C1-C6 C1-C6 (Tower 1) & C7-C12 ( Tower 2)(Bank C Passenger Lift): 41/42, 44-61 D1-D3 (Tower 1) & D4-D6 (Tower 2)(Bank D Passenger Lift): C1-C6 C1-C6 (Tower 1) & C7-C12 ( Tower 2)(Bank C Passenger Lift): C1-C6 C1-C6 (Tower 1) & C7-C12 ( Tower 2)(Bank C Passenger Lift): 41/42, 44-61 D1-D3 (Tower 1) & D4-D6 (Tower 2)(Bank D Passenger Lift): 41/42, 61, 69-83 E1-E3 (Tower 1) & E4-E6 (Tower 2)(Bank E Passenger Lift): 41/42, 61-73 TE1-TE2 (Tower 1) & TE3-TE4 (Tower 2)(Upper Level Passenger Lift): 83, 85, 86 SH1-SH5 (Tower 1) & SH6-SH10 (Tower 2)(Shuttle Lift) : G/1, 41/42"
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Skybridge",
"text": "The skybridge also acts as a safety device, so that in the event of a fire or other emergency in one tower, tenants can evacuate by crossing the skybridge to the other tower."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Service building",
"text": "S1-S2 (Tower 1) & S4-S5 (Tower 2) S1-S2 (Tower 1) & S4-S5 (Tower 2) (Service Lift): P1, C, G, 2-6, 8-38, 40-84 S3 (Tower 1) & S6(Tower 2) (Lower Level Service Lift): P1, C, G, 2-6, 8-37 F1-F2 S1-S2 (Tower 1) & S4-S5 (Tower 2) S1-S2 (Tower 1) & S4-S5 (Tower 2) (Service Lift): P1, C, G, 2-6, 8-38, 40-84 S3 (Tower 1) & S6(Tower 2) (Lower Level Service Lift): P1, C, G, 2-6, 8-37 F1-F2 (Tower 1) & F3-F4 (Tower 2) (Fireman Service Lift): P1, C, CM, G, 1-6, 8-38, 40-84, 84M1, 84M2, 85, 86 (F1 & F3 non-stop at Level 1) The service building is to the east of the Petronas Towers and contains the chiller plant system and the cooling towers to keep the Petronas Towers cool and comfortable."
}
] |
Somebody once held a title for having jumped off of the Towers.
| 2 | 4 |
Petronas Towers
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Talmud (; Hebrew: תַּלְמוּד) is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law (halakha) and Jewish theology."
}
] |
7Is4BfdwfJ3jF2WpVhcZ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Babylonian and Jerusalem | Jerusalem Talmud",
"text": "Despite its incomplete state, the Jerusalem Talmud remains an indispensable source of knowledge of the development of the Jewish Law in the Holy Land."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Talmud (; Hebrew: תַּלְמוּד) is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law (halakha) and Jewish theology."
},
{
"section_header": "Babylonian and Jerusalem | Comparison of style and subject matter",
"text": "In both Talmuds, only one tractate of Tohorot (ritual purity laws) is examined, that of the menstrual laws, Niddah."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in Judaism | Present day",
"text": "Reform Judaism does not emphasize the study of Talmud to the same degree in their Hebrew schools, but they do teach it in their rabbinical seminaries; the world view of liberal Judaism rejects the idea of binding Jewish law, and uses the Talmud as a source of inspiration and moral instruction."
},
{
"section_header": "Scholarship | Sephardic approaches",
"text": "The highest level, halachah (Jewish law), consists of collating the opinions set out in the Talmud with those of the halachic codes such as the Mishneh Torah and the Shulchan Aruch, so as to study the Talmud as a source of law. (A project called Halacha Brura, founded by Abraham Isaac Kook, presents the Talmud and a summary of the halachic codes side by side in book form so as to enable this kind of collation.)Today"
},
{
"section_header": "Translations | Talmud Yerushalmi",
"text": "The Jerusalem Talmud, Edition, Translation and Commentary, ed."
},
{
"section_header": "Babylonian and Jerusalem | Comparison of style and subject matter",
"text": "The Jerusalem Talmud has a greater focus on the Land of Israel and the Torah's agricultural laws pertaining to the land because it was written in the Land of Israel where the laws applied."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations | Talmud Yerushalmi",
"text": "This translation is the counterpart to Mesorah/Artscroll's Schottenstein Edition of the Talmud (i.e. Babylonian Talmud)."
},
{
"section_header": "Scholarship | Historical analysis, and higher textual criticism",
"text": "Graetz attempts to deduce the personality of the Pharisees based on the laws or aggadot that they cite, and show that their personalities influenced the laws they expounded."
},
{
"section_header": "Scholarship | Historical analysis, and higher textual criticism",
"text": "Can these early sources be identified, and if so, how?"
}
] |
Talmud is a source of Islamic law and translates to "instruct."
| 2 | 2 |
Talmud
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edgar Charles \"Sam\" Rice (February 20, 1890 – October 13, 1974) was an American pitcher and outfielder in Major League Baseball."
}
] |
7JaujV6RUhrmSPv3y6ys
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1963."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edgar Charles \"Sam\" Rice (February 20, 1890 – October 13, 1974) was an American pitcher and outfielder in Major League Baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | The catch",
"text": "With two out in the top of the inning, Pirate catcher Earl Smith drove a ball to right-center field."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Rice and Ickes employed several workers of Japanese descent who were displaced from the West Coast by order of the U.S. Army after the outbreak of World War II.Rice was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1963."
},
{
"section_header": "Early baseball career",
"text": "Leigh is credited with two acts which influenced Rice's subsequent career: he changed the player's name from \"Edgar\" to \"Sam\", and he convinced the Senators to let Rice play in the outfield instead of pitching."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | The catch",
"text": "In the middle of the 8th inning, Rice was moved from center field to right field."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Rice made one of his last public appearances at the Baseball Hall of Fame induction ceremonies honoring Whitey Ford and Mickey Mantle in August 1974."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | The catch",
"text": "The controversy became so great that Rice wrote a letter when he was selected to the Hall of Fame, to be opened upon his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Early baseball career",
"text": "In 1913, he joined the United States Navy and served on the USS New Hampshire, a 16,000-ton battleship that was large enough to field a baseball team."
},
{
"section_header": "Early baseball career",
"text": "In 1914, Rice joined the Petersburg Goobers of the Virginia League as a pitcher."
}
] |
Sam Rice was an American catcher and outfielder in Major League Baseball, and was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1963.
| 0 | 0 |
Sam Rice
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Post-war years: aircraft and software",
"text": "The city was further shaken by the Mardi Gras Riots in 2001, and then literally shaken the following day by the Nisqually earthquake."
}
] |
7JiumLLcyLHrNiUtf7MX
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "Seattle is one of the five rainiest major U.S. cities as measured by the number of days with precipitation, and it receives some of the lowest amounts of annual sunshine among major cities in the lower 48 states, along with some cities in the Northeast, Ohio, and Michigan."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics",
"text": "In the 2012 U.S. general election, a majority of Seattleites voted to approve Referendum 74 and legalize gay marriage in Washington state."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional sports",
"text": "The Major League Baseball All-Star Game was held in Seattle twice, first at the Kingdome in 1979 and again at Safeco Field in 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Post-war years: aircraft and software",
"text": "\"Seattle remained the corporate headquarters of Boeing until 2001, when the company separated its headquarters from its major production facilities; the headquarters were moved to Chicago."
},
{
"section_header": "Education",
"text": "A 2008 United States Census Bureau survey showed that Seattle had the highest percentage of college and university graduates of any major U.S. city."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics",
"text": "The majority of the city council is female."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "The city has over 5,540 acres (2,242 ha) of parkland."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In July 2013, it was the fastest-growing major city in the United States and remained in the top 5 in May 2015 with an annual growth rate of 2.1%."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "The city lies on several hills, including Capitol Hill, First Hill, West Seattle, Beacon Hill, Magnolia, Denny Hill, and Queen Anne."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Gold Rush, World War I, and the Great Depression",
"text": "Seattle was one of the major cities that benefited from programs such as the WPA, CCC, UCL, and PWA."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Post-war years: aircraft and software",
"text": "The city was further shaken by the Mardi Gras Riots in 2001, and then literally shaken the following day by the Nisqually earthquake."
}
] |
Seattle, a city in the state of Washington, has rebuilt after several major natural disasters including a major flood in 2001.
| 2 | 3 |
Seattle
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Characters | Major",
"text": "Esmeralda (born Agnes) is a beautiful 16-year-old Gypsy street dancer who is naturally compassionate and kind."
}
] |
7Jjli0CDkBojYMFdDnxT
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Allusions and references | Allusions to actual history, geography and current science",
"text": "In The Hunchback of Notre-Dame, Victor Hugo makes frequent reference to the architecture of the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Drama adaptations | Television",
"text": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame, a 1966 miniseries"
},
{
"section_header": "Drama adaptations | Television",
"text": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame, a 1977 miniseries"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame (French: Notre-Dame de Paris, lit. '"
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Major",
"text": "Quasimodo is a deformed 20-year-old hunchback, and the bell ringer of Notre Dame."
},
{
"section_header": "Drama adaptations | Films",
"text": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame, a 1911 silent film"
},
{
"section_header": "Drama adaptations | Music",
"text": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame Dennis DeYoung album, a 1996 recording of music written by Styx singer Dennis DeYoung for his musical adaptation of the novel"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "1482) is a French Gothic novel by Victor Hugo, published in 1831."
},
{
"section_header": "Drama adaptations | Music",
"text": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame soundtrack for the 1996 Disney film"
},
{
"section_header": "Translation history",
"text": "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame has been translated into English many times."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Major",
"text": "Esmeralda (born Agnes) is a beautiful 16-year-old Gypsy street dancer who is naturally compassionate and kind."
}
] |
In Victor Hugo's novel The Hunchback of Notre Dame, the character of Esmerelda is someone who has been married before.
| 1 | 7 |
The Hunchback of Notre Dame
|
History
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sometimes called the Virgin Queen, Gloriana or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the last of the five monarchs of the House of Tudor."
}
] |
7JsVR4roGevYDr9JpmsU
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Elizabeth was the first Tudor to recognise that a monarch ruled by popular consent."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sometimes called the Virgin Queen, Gloriana or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the last of the five monarchs of the House of Tudor."
},
{
"section_header": "Mary, Queen of Scots",
"text": "Elizabeth's first instinct was to restore her fellow monarch; but she and her council instead chose to play safe."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Champernowne taught Elizabeth four languages: French, Flemish, Italian and Spanish."
},
{
"section_header": "Thomas Seymour",
"text": "Elizabeth, living at Hatfield House, would admit nothing."
},
{
"section_header": "Mary, Queen of Scots | Catholic cause",
"text": "At first, Elizabeth resisted calls for Mary's death."
},
{
"section_header": "Church settlement",
"text": "The House of Commons backed the proposals strongly, but the bill of supremacy met opposition in the House of Lords, particularly from the bishops."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Elizabeth was two years and eight months old when her mother was beheaded on 19 May 1536, four months after Catherine of Aragon's death from natural causes."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "After Essex's desertion of his command in Ireland in 1599, Elizabeth had him placed under house arrest and the following year deprived him of his monopolies."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "This culminated in agitation in the House of Commons during the parliament of 1601."
}
] |
Elizabeth I was the first of the four monarchs for the House of Windsor.
| 3 | 7 |
Elizabeth I
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Varieties (according to color) | Amethyst",
"text": "Amethyst is a form of quartz that ranges from a bright vivid violet to dark or dull lavender shade."
},
{
"section_header": "Varieties (according to color) | Amethyst",
"text": "The world's largest deposits of amethysts can be found in Brazil, Mexico, Uruguay, Russia, France, Namibia and Morocco."
}
] |
7KE3WUxb5qLsHjg7Ct6Z
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Synthetic and artificial treatments",
"text": "Susceptibility to such treatments depends on the location from which the quartz was mined."
},
{
"section_header": "Varieties (according to color) | Rose quartz",
"text": "The color is usually considered as due to trace amounts of titanium, iron, or manganese, in the material."
},
{
"section_header": "Varieties (according to color) | Rose quartz",
"text": "Additionally, there is a rare type of pink quartz (also frequently called crystalline rose quartz) with color that is thought to be caused by trace amounts of phosphate or aluminium."
},
{
"section_header": "Occurrence",
"text": "A major mining location for high purity quartz is the Spruce Pine Gem Mine in Spruce Pine, North Carolina, United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Varieties (according to color) | Amethyst",
"text": "The world's largest deposits of amethysts can be found in Brazil, Mexico, Uruguay, Russia, France, Namibia and Morocco."
},
{
"section_header": "Occurrence",
"text": "The largest documented single crystal of quartz was found near Itapore, Goiaz, Brazil; it measured approximately 6.1×1.5×1.5 m and weighed 39,916 kilograms."
},
{
"section_header": "Varieties (according to color) | Dumortierite quartz",
"text": "Inclusions of the mineral dumortierite within quartz pieces often result in silky-appearing splotches with a blue hue, shades giving off purple and/or grey colors additionally being found. \" Dumortierite quartz\" (sometimes called \"blue quartz\") will sometimes feature contrasting light and dark color zones across the material."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In the United States, the U.S. Army Signal Corps contracted with Bell Laboratories and with the Brush Development Company of Cleveland, Ohio to synthesize crystals following Nacken's lead. (Prior to World War II, Brush Development produced piezoelectric crystals for record players.) By 1948, Brush Development had grown crystals that were 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) in diameter, the largest to date."
},
{
"section_header": "Varieties (according to color) | Milky quartz",
"text": "Milk quartz or milky quartz is the most common variety of crystalline quartz."
},
{
"section_header": "Varieties (according to color) | Smoky quartz",
"text": "Smoky quartz is a gray, translucent version of quartz."
},
{
"section_header": "Varieties (according to color) | Amethyst",
"text": "Amethyst is a form of quartz that ranges from a bright vivid violet to dark or dull lavender shade."
}
] |
The largest amounts of purple quartz are located in Germany.
| 0 | 0 |
Quartz
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Original Umayyad construction",
"text": "The initial octagonal structure of the Dome of the Rock and its round wooden dome had basically the same shape as is does today."
}
] |
7KLzqrfYl50cU529X8dE
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Dome of the Rock remains a \"unique monument of Islamic culture in almost all respects\", including as a \"work of art and as a cultural and pious document\", according to historian Oleg Grabar."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Original Umayyad construction",
"text": "Thus, one series of explanations was that Abd al-Malik intended for the Dome of the Rock to be a religious monument of victory over the Christians that would distinguish Islam's uniqueness within the common Abrahamic religious setting of Jerusalem, home of the two older Abrahamic faiths, Judaism and Christianity."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Dome of the Rock (Arabic: قبة الصخرة"
},
{
"section_header": "Architectural homages",
"text": "The Dome of the Rock has inspired the architecture of a number of buildings."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Original Umayyad construction",
"text": "The initial octagonal structure of the Dome of the Rock and its round wooden dome had basically the same shape as is does today."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Dome of the Rock is in its core one of the oldest extant works of Islamic architecture."
},
{
"section_header": "Accessibility",
"text": "The Dome of the Rock has been depicted on the Obverse and reverse of several Middle East currencies: The Dome is maintained by the Ministry of Awqaf in Amman, Jordan."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Crusaders",
"text": "The Templars, active from c. 1119, identified the Dome of the Rock as the site of the Temple of Solomon."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Ottoman period (1517–1917)",
"text": "During the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566), the exterior of the Dome of the Rock was covered with tiles."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Original Umayyad construction",
"text": "Narratives by the medieval sources about Abd al-Malik's motivations in building the Dome of the Rock vary."
}
] |
The monument Dome of the Rock is roughly hexagonal.
| 0 | 0 |
Dome of the Rock
|
NOCAT
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Throughout his life he would have a deep dislike for this tradition as it could be later seen by his anger at his half-sister Ruth Keelikolani giving away her second son Keolaokalani to Bernice Pauahi Bishop."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was betrothed to Bernice Pauahi at birth, but she chose to marry American Charles Reed Bishop instead."
}
] |
7KjBeGZy2URJNXgsWzjd
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Succession",
"text": "Kamehameha V's cousin William Charles Lunalilo, a Kamehameha by birth from his mother, demanded a general election and won."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was adopted using the ancient Hawaiian tradition called hānai by Princess Nāhiʻenaʻena, but she died in 1836."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was then adopted by his grandmother Queen Kalākua Kaheiheimālie and step-grandfather High Chief Ulumāheihei Hoapili."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His childhood was difficult; he felt that his hānai parents treated him as a stranger in their house, and that the adoption had deprived him the love of his mother."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "He founded the Royal Order of Kamehameha I society and the Royal Order of Kamehameha"
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Kamehameha V: Lot Kapuāiwa. Honolulu: Kamehameha Schools Press."
},
{
"section_header": "Succession",
"text": "He was the last ruling monarch of the House of Kamehameha styled under the Kamehameha name."
},
{
"section_header": "New constitution and new laws",
"text": "When he appointed Charles de Varigny, a French national, as minister of finance in December 1863, Americans in Hawaiʻi were convinced that he had adopted an anti-American policy."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "The change was made shortly before the death of Prince Albert Kamehameha, the only son of Kamehameha IV."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After leaving school (Kamehameha Kapalama in Hawaii), he traveled abroad with his brother Alexander Liholiho."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Throughout his life he would have a deep dislike for this tradition as it could be later seen by his anger at his half-sister Ruth Keelikolani giving away her second son Keolaokalani to Bernice Pauahi Bishop."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was betrothed to Bernice Pauahi at birth, but she chose to marry American Charles Reed Bishop instead."
}
] |
Kamehameha V's fiancee adopted his niece.
| 0 | 0 |
Kamehameha V
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicknamed La Vecchia Signora (The Old Lady), the club was founded in 1897 by a group of students from Turin."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Juventus Football Club (from Latin: iuventūs, \"youth\"; Italian pronunciation: [juˈvɛntus]), colloquially known as Juventus and Juve (pronounced [ˈjuːve]), is a professional football club based in Turin, Piedmont, Italy, that competes in the Serie A, the top flight of Italian football."
}
] |
7L2epaOrICSFnEQVY9zk
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Second Champions League and first Supercoppa Italiana titles (1994–2004)",
"text": "Marcello Lippi took over as Juventus manager at the start of the 1994–95 campaign."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicknamed La Vecchia Signora (The Old Lady), the club was founded in 1897 by a group of students from Turin."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early years (1897–1918)",
"text": "Juventus were founded as Sport-Club Juventus in late 1897 by pupils from the Massimo D'Azeglio Lyceum school in Turin, among them the brothers Eugenio and Enrico Canfari, but were renamed as Foot-Ball Club Juventus two years later."
},
{
"section_header": "History | European stage (1980–1993)",
"text": "The Trapattoni era was highly successful in the 1980s and the club started the decade off well, winning the league title three more times by 1984."
},
{
"section_header": "Stadiums",
"text": "The capacity is 41,507. Work began during spring 2009 and the stadium was opened on 8 September 2011, ahead of the start of the 2011–12 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Juventus Football Club (from Latin: iuventūs, \"youth\"; Italian pronunciation: [juˈvɛntus]), colloquially known as Juventus and Juve (pronounced [ˈjuːve]), is a professional football club based in Turin, Piedmont, Italy, that competes in the Serie A, the top flight of Italian football."
},
{
"section_header": "Club statistics and records",
"text": "The sale of Zinedine Zidane from Juventus to Real Madrid of Spain in 2001 was the world football transfer record at the time, costing the Spanish club around €77.5 million (150 billion lire)."
},
{
"section_header": "Club statistics and records",
"text": "On 26 July 2016, Argentine forward Gonzalo Higuaín became the third highest football transfer of all-time and highest ever transfer for an Italian club, at the time, when he was signed by Juventus for €90 million from Napoli."
},
{
"section_header": "Club statistics and records",
"text": "The first ever official game participated in by Juventus was in the Third Federal Football Championship, the predecessor of Serie A, against Torinese in a Juventus loss 0–1."
},
{
"section_header": "Financial information",
"text": "According to the Deloitte Football Money League, a research published by consultants Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu on 17 January 2014, Juventus are the ninth-highest earning football club in the world with an estimated revenue of €272.4 million, the most for an Italian club."
}
] |
Juventus Football Club is in Brazil and was started in 1897.
| 0 | 0 |
Juventus F.C.
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Aaron Copland (, KOHP-lənd; November 14, 1900 – December 2, 1990) was an American composer, composition teacher, writer, and later a conductor of his own and other American music."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is best known for the works he wrote in the 1930s and 1940s in a deliberately accessible style often referred to as \"populist\" and which the composer labeled his \"vernacular\" style."
}
] |
7L9h0Ix4npqhwz37V4Ja
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years",
"text": "Aaron Copland was born in Brooklyn, New York, on November 14, 1900."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1950s and 1960s",
"text": "Potentially more damaging for Copland was a sea-change in artistic tastes, away from the Populist mores that infused his work of the 1930s and 40s."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "Thanks to Aaron, American music came into its own.\" On September 14, 1964, Aaron Copland was presented with the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Lyndon Johnson."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Study in Paris",
"text": "\"Boulanger had as many as 40 students at once and employed a formal regimen that Copland had to follow."
},
{
"section_header": "Film",
"text": "Santa Monica, California: American Film Foundation. Fanfare for America: The Composer Aaron Copland (2001)."
},
{
"section_header": "Selected works",
"text": ", He Got Game. See also List of compositions by Aaron Copland"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Aaron Copland (, KOHP-lənd; November 14, 1900 – December 2, 1990) was an American composer, composition teacher, writer, and later a conductor of his own and other American music."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Early works",
"text": "Copland in hindsight found the work too \"European\" as he consciously sought a more consciously American idiom to evoke in his future work."
},
{
"section_header": "Written works",
"text": "Copland, Aaron (2006). Music and Imagination, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press."
},
{
"section_header": "Film",
"text": "Aaron Copland: A Self-Portrait (1985)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is best known for the works he wrote in the 1930s and 1940s in a deliberately accessible style often referred to as \"populist\" and which the composer labeled his \"vernacular\" style."
}
] |
Aaron Copland was born in American and did his most known work when he was in his 30s and 40s.
| 0 | 0 |
Aaron Copland
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cornelius Vanderbilt (May 27, 1794 – January 4, 1877) was an American business magnate who built his wealth in railroads and shipping."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Cornelius Vanderbilt was born in Staten Island, New York on May 27, 1794 to Cornelius van Derbilt and Phebe Hand."
}
] |
7LKnjplOQSpbf4afRVFK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He embraced new technologies and new forms of business organization, and used them to compete.... He helped to create the corporate economy that would define the United States into the 21st century.\" As one of the richest Americans in history and wealthiest figures overall, Vanderbilt was the patriarch of the wealthy and influential Vanderbilt family."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Cornelius Vanderbilt was born in Staten Island, New York on May 27, 1794 to Cornelius van Derbilt and Phebe Hand."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cornelius Vanderbilt (May 27, 1794 – January 4, 1877) was an American business magnate who built his wealth in railroads and shipping."
},
{
"section_header": "Railroad empire | New York Central and Hudson River Railroad",
"text": "In 1870, he consolidated two of his key lines into the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad, one of the first giant corporations in United States history."
},
{
"section_header": "Steamboat entrepreneur",
"text": "Some of the first railroads in the United States were built from Boston to Long Island Sound, to connect with steamboats that ran to New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Steamboat entrepreneur",
"text": "It was in the 1830s when he was first referred to as \"commodore,\" then the highest rank in the United States Navy."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "The protection of competitive interstate commerce is considered the basis for much of the prosperity which the United States has generated."
},
{
"section_header": "Descendants",
"text": "It still retains the title of the largest privately owned home in the United States, though it is open to the public."
},
{
"section_header": "Steamboat entrepreneur",
"text": "During the 1830s, textile mills were built in large numbers in New England as the United States developed its manufacturing base."
},
{
"section_header": "Oceangoing steamship lines",
"text": "Vanderbilt sent a man to Costa Rica who led a raid that captured the steamboats on the San Juan River, cutting Walker off from his reinforcements from insurgent groups in the United States."
}
] |
Cornelius Vanderbilt was born in the United States in the 18th century and was in the railroad business.
| 0 | 0 |
Cornelius Vanderbilt
|
NOCAT
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An Essay on Criticism is one of the first major poems written by the English writer Alexander Pope (1688–1744)."
}
] |
7LSDG8Rf6rMANhgMBQXO
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Structure and themes",
"text": "Pope contends in the poem's opening couplets that bad criticism does greater harm than bad writing: Despite the harmful effects of bad criticism, literature requires worthy criticism."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An Essay on Criticism is one of the first major poems written by the English writer Alexander Pope (1688–1744)."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "An Essay on Criticism was famously and fiercely attacked by John Dennis, who is mentioned mockingly in the work."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Thomas Rymer, and Jonathan Swift were among other critics: Rymer, who had the strongest critique said, \"till of late years England was as free from critics as it is from wolves... they who are least acquainted with the game are aptest to bark at everything that comes in their way.\"; Swift's statement concentrated on critics who were damned \"as barbarous as a judge who should take up a resolution to hang all men that came before him upon trial.\" Part II of An Essay on Criticism includes a famous couplet: This is in reference to the spring in the Pierian Mountains in Macedonia, sacred to the Muses."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "The Essay also gives this famous line (towards the end of Part II): The phrase \"fools rush in where angels fear to tread\" from Part III (line 625) has become part of the popular lexicon, and has been used for and in various works."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure and themes",
"text": "As is usual in Pope's poems, the Essay concludes with a reference to Pope himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "Composed in heroic couplets (pairs of adjacent rhyming lines of iambic pentameter) and written in the Horatian mode of satire, it is a verse essay primarily concerned with how writers and critics behave in the new literary commerce of Pope's contemporary age."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure and themes",
"text": "The verse \"essay\" was not an uncommon form in eighteenth-century poetry, deriving ultimately from classical forebears including Horace's Ars Poetica and Lucretius' De rerum natura."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure and themes",
"text": "William Walsh, the last of the critics mentioned, was a mentor and friend of Pope who had died in 1708."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "The poem covers a range of good criticism and advice, and represents many of the chief literary ideals of Pope's age."
}
] |
An Essay on Criticism is a book about a man who had a very bad upbringing.
| 1 | 6 |
Essay on Criticism
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The story about Wally being shot down over Burma was based in part on that of Irving's biological father (whom he never met), who had been shot down over Burma and survived."
}
] |
7LdQQL9QmOP0RtSZ34Zw
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Cider House Rules (1985) is a novel by American writer John Irving, a Bildungsroman, which was later adapted into a film (1999) and a stage play by Peter Parnell."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The name \"The Cider House Rules\" refers to the list of rules that the migrant workers are supposed to follow at the Ocean View Orchards."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The story about Wally being shot down over Burma was based in part on that of Irving's biological father (whom he never met), who had been shot down over Burma and survived."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "However, none of them can read, and they are completely unaware of the rules - which have been posted for years."
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptation",
"text": "The novel was adapted into a film of the same name released in 1999 directed by Lasse Hallström and starring Tobey Maguire as Homer Wells."
}
] |
The 1985 novel The Cider House Rules was based on the author John Irving's stepfather.
| 3 | 8 |
The Cider House Rules
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is considered the first diplomatic treaty ever filmed."
}
] |
7LnmGaMGEvFq2iwXXqwr
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Terms of the treaty | Signing",
"text": "The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on 3 March 1918."
},
{
"section_header": "Terms of the treaty | Signing",
"text": "The treaty marked Russia's final withdrawal from World War I as an enemy of her co-signatories, on severe terms."
},
{
"section_header": "Terms of the treaty | Territorial cessions in the Caucasus",
"text": "Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia rejected the treaty and instead declared independence."
},
{
"section_header": "Terms of the treaty | Territorial cessions in the Caucasus",
"text": "At the time of the treaty, this territory was under the effective control of Armenian and Georgian forces."
},
{
"section_header": "Terms of the treaty | Signing",
"text": "In all, the treaty took away territory that included a quarter of the population and industry of the former Russian Empire and nine-tenths of its coal mines."
},
{
"section_header": "Terms of the treaty | Territorial cessions in eastern Europe",
"text": "The territory of the Kingdom of Poland was not mentioned in the treaty, because Russian Poland had been a possession of the white movement, not the Bolsheviks."
},
{
"section_header": "Terms of the treaty | Territorial cessions in eastern Europe",
"text": "The treaty stated that \"Germany and Austria-Hungary intend to determine the future fate of these territories in agreement with their populations."
},
{
"section_header": "Terms of the treaty | Territorial cessions in the Caucasus",
"text": "Paragraph 3 of Article IV of the treaty stated that: The districts of Erdehan, Kars, and Batum will likewise and without delay be cleared of Russian troops."
},
{
"section_header": "Terms of the treaty | Territorial cessions in the Caucasus",
"text": "At the insistence of Talaat Pasha, the treaty declared that the territory Russia took from the Ottoman Empire in the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), specifically Ardahan, Kars, and Batumi, were to be returned."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is considered the first diplomatic treaty ever filmed."
}
] |
This treaty was the earliest treaty recorded by a camera.
| 0 | 0 |
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
|
Sports
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Williams was born in San Diego on August 30, 1918, and named Theodore Samuel Williams after former president Theodore Roosevelt as well as his father, Samuel Stuart Williams."
}
] |
7LnmvkRSCVdOLL4VeI9P
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues (1939–1942, 1946–1960) | 1950–1955",
"text": "On May 21, Williams passed Chuck Klein for 10th place, on May 25 Williams passed Rogers Hornsby for 9th place, and on July 5 Williams passed Al Simmons for 8th place all-time in career home runs."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He later amended his birth certificate, removing his middle name, which he claimed originated from a maternal uncle (whose actual name was Daniel Venzor), who had been killed in World War I."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Minor leagues (1936–1938)",
"text": "Hornsby was a coach for the Millers for the spring."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Minor leagues (1936–1938)",
"text": "Also during spring training Williams was nicknamed"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Most modern statistical analyses place Williams, along with Ruth and Bonds"
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Minor leagues (1936–1938)",
"text": "Williams remained in major league spring training for about a week."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-retirement",
"text": "He resumed his spring training instruction role with the club in 1978."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-retirement",
"text": "He occasionally appeared at Red Sox spring training as a guest hitting instructor."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | U.S. Marine Corps, Korea (1952–1953)",
"text": "On the first day of spring training in 1954, Williams broke his collarbone running after a line drive."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues (1939–1942, 1946–1960) | 1939–1940",
"text": "Williams inherited Chapman's number 9 on his uniform as opposed to Williams' number 5 in the previous spring training."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Williams was born in San Diego on August 30, 1918, and named Theodore Samuel Williams after former president Theodore Roosevelt as well as his father, Samuel Stuart Williams."
}
] |
Ted Williams was born is Colorado Springs, Colorado.
| 3 | 9 |
Ted Williams
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Marketing and sponsorships | NFL",
"text": "Lenovo's sponsorship will last at least three years."
}
] |
7MNxIBJvQpRPr5JAP7tv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Marketing and sponsorships | NFL",
"text": "In July 2012, Lenovo and the National Football League (NFL) announced that Lenovo had become the NFL's \"Official Laptop, Desktop and Workstation Sponsor.\" Lenovo said that this was its largest sponsorship deal ever in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Marketing and sponsorships | Olympics",
"text": "Lenovo was an official computer sponsor of the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy, and the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing."
},
{
"section_header": "Marketing and sponsorships | Emerging markets | India",
"text": "Lenovo distributes most of the personal computers it sells in India through five national distributors such as Ingram Micro and Redington."
},
{
"section_header": "Marketing and sponsorships | Emerging markets | India",
"text": "Lenovo partnered with two national distributors and over 100 local distributors."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early years",
"text": "The group rebuilt itself within a year by conducting quality checks on computers for new buyers."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early years",
"text": "Their average age was 26. Yang Yuanqing, the current CEO of Lenovo, was among that group."
},
{
"section_header": "Marketing and sponsorships | Emerging markets | Africa",
"text": "Lenovo first started doing business in South Africa, establishing a sales office, and then expanded to East African markets such as Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Uganda, and Rwanda."
},
{
"section_header": "History | IPO, second offerings, and bond sales",
"text": "\"To fund its continued growth, Lenovo issued a secondary offering of 50 million shares on the Hong Kong market in March 2000 and raised about US$212 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | IoT / Smart Home",
"text": "In 2015 Lenovo launched a strategic cooperation with IngDan, a subsidiary of the Cogobuy Group to penetrate into the intelligent hardware sector."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Smartphones",
"text": "An official stated that \"we have been pretty consistent that the message is Canada is open to foreign investment and investment from China in particular but not at the cost of compromising national security\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Marketing and sponsorships | NFL",
"text": "Lenovo's sponsorship will last at least three years."
}
] |
Lenovo Group sponsors the National Football League's computers and continues to do so.
| 1 | 0 |
Lenovo Group
|
Geography
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The church contains, according to traditions dating back to at least the fourth century, the two holiest sites in Christianity: the site where Jesus was crucified, at a place known as Calvary or Golgotha, and Jesus's empty tomb, where he was buried and resurrected."
}
] |
7MQfPqsvapmSSS9J9zLd
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Status Quo",
"text": "On a hot summer day in 2002, a Coptic monk moved his chair from its agreed spot into the shade."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The church contains, according to traditions dating back to at least the fourth century, the two holiest sites in Christianity: the site where Jesus was crucified, at a place known as Calvary or Golgotha, and Jesus's empty tomb, where he was buried and resurrected."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Stone of Anointing",
"text": "To the right of the entrance is a wall along the ambulatory containing the staircase leading to Golgotha."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Chapel of Saint Helena",
"text": "The latter chapel contains archaeological remains from Hadrian's temple and Constantine's basilica."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction (4th century)",
"text": "In 327, Constantine and Helena separately commissioned the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem to commemorate the birth of Jesus."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Calvary (Golgotha)",
"text": "Just inside the church entrance is a stairway leading up to Calvary (Golgotha), traditionally regarded as the site of Jesus' crucifixion and the most lavishly decorated part of the church."
},
{
"section_header": "Location",
"text": "It has been well documented by archaeologists that in the time of Jesus, the walled city was smaller and the wall then was to the east of the current site of the Church."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Jordanian and Israeli periods | Aedicule restoration",
"text": "After seven decades of being held together by steel girders, a careful restoration of the Aedicule was finally agreed upon and executed in 2016-17, funded by $4 million from King Abdullah II of Jordan and a $1.3 million from Mica Ertegun."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Within the church proper are the last four (or, by some definitions, five) stations of the Via Dolorosa, representing the final episodes of the Passion of Jesus."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Syriac Chapel with Tomb of Joseph of Arimathea | First century tomb",
"text": "Although this space was discovered relatively recently and contains no identifying marks, some believe that Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus were buried here."
}
] |
The Church contains a spot where Jesus was executed.
| 2 | 2 |
Church of the Holy Sepulchre
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Areas known as \"Chinatown\" exist throughout the world, including Europe, North America, South America, Asia, Africa, Australasia and the Middle East."
}
] |
7N0jPQ8hHXL1u175B21M
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Benevolent and business associations",
"text": "Many have their own facilities."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics",
"text": "The features described below are characteristic of many modern Chinatowns."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970s to the present",
"text": "As a result, many existing Chinatowns have become pan-Asian business districts and residential neighborhoods."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics | Town-Scape",
"text": "Mahale Chiniha, the Chinatown in Iran, contains many buildings that were constructed in the Chinese architectural style."
},
{
"section_header": "Benevolent and business associations",
"text": "A major component of many Chinatowns is the family benevolent association, which provides some degree of aid to immigrants."
},
{
"section_header": "History | In the West",
"text": "Many of these frontier Chinatowns became extinct as American racism surged and the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Also, many films in which Jackie Chan appears reference locations in Chinatown, particularly the Rush Hour series with Chris Tucker."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "As conditions in China have improved in recent decades, many Chinatowns have lost their initial mission, which was to provide a transitional place into a new culture."
},
{
"section_header": "History | In the West",
"text": "Racial tensions flared when lower-paid Chinese workers replaced white miners in many mountain-area Chinatowns, such as in Wyoming with the Rock Springs Massacre."
},
{
"section_header": "History | In Asia",
"text": "Along the coastal area of Southeast Asia of the 16th century, quite many Chinese settlements existed in according to"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Areas known as \"Chinatown\" exist throughout the world, including Europe, North America, South America, Asia, Africa, Australasia and the Middle East."
}
] |
There are many Chinatowns worldwide.
| 2 | 3 |
Chinatown
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chiang Kai-shek (31 October 1887 – 5 April 1975), also known as Chiang Chung-cheng and romanized via Mandarin as Chiang Chieh-shih and Jiang Jieshi, was a Chinese nationalist politician, revolutionary and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China between 1928 and 1975, first in mainland China until 1949"
}
] |
7N1JdkL5HCj97KG7RgSi
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Rule | Second Sino-Japanese War",
"text": "acquainted Chiang Kaishek with the Xidaotang jiaozhu Ma Mingren in 1941 in Chongqing."
},
{
"section_header": "Rule | Second phase of the Chinese Civil War | Competition with Li Zongren",
"text": "Li attempted to negotiate milder terms that would have ended the civil war, but without success."
},
{
"section_header": "Rule | Second phase of the Chinese Civil War | Conditions during the Chinese Civil War",
"text": "The Nationalists initially had superiority in arms and men, but their lack of popularity, infiltration by Communist agents, low morale, and disorganization soon allowed the Communists to gain the upper hand in the civil war."
},
{
"section_header": "Rule | Second phase of the Chinese Civil War | Conditions during the Chinese Civil War",
"text": "Westad says the Communists won the Civil War because they made fewer military mistakes than Chiang Kai-Shek, and because in his search for a powerful centralized government, Chiang antagonized too many interest groups in China."
},
{
"section_header": "Rule | First phase of the Chinese Civil War",
"text": "However, Chiang's allied commander Zhang Xueliang, whose forces were used in his attack and whose homeland of Manchuria had been recently invaded by the Japanese, did not support the attack on the Communists."
},
{
"section_header": "Religion and relationships with religious communities | Religious views",
"text": "Chiang Kai-shek was born and raised as a Buddhist, but became a Methodist upon his marriage to his fourth wife, Soong Mei-ling."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Chekiang (Zhejiang) Province, Chiang was a member of the Kuomintang (KMT) and a lieutenant of Sun Yat-sen in the revolution to overthrow the Beiyang government and reunify China."
},
{
"section_header": "Rule | Second phase of the Chinese Civil War | Conditions during the Chinese Civil War",
"text": "Furthermore, his party was weakened in the war against Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "This was actually the formal name of a person, used by older people to address him, and the one he would use the most in the first decades of his life (as the person grew older, younger generations would have to use one of the courtesy names instead)."
},
{
"section_header": "Rule | Second Sino-Japanese War",
"text": "As part of a policy of protracted resistance, Chiang authorized the use of scorched earth tactics, resulting in many civilian deaths."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chiang Kai-shek (31 October 1887 – 5 April 1975), also known as Chiang Chung-cheng and romanized via Mandarin as Chiang Chieh-shih and Jiang Jieshi, was a Chinese nationalist politician, revolutionary and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China between 1928 and 1975, first in mainland China until 1949"
}
] |
Kai-shek was born in the US and participated in the Civil War.
| 0 | 0 |
Chiang Kai-shek
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Music | Recordings",
"text": "Poulenc was among the composers who recognised in the 1920s the important role that the gramophone would play in the promotion of music."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was among the first composers to see the importance of the gramophone, and he recorded extensively from 1928 onwards."
}
] |
7NLippFfRDTEg3YlJ2pG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Francis Jean Marcel Poulenc (French: [fʁɑ̃sis ʒɑ̃ maʁsɛl pulɛ̃k]; 7 January 1899 – 30 January 1963) was a French composer and pianist."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Recordings",
"text": "Poulenc was among the composers who recognised in the 1920s the important role that the gramophone would play in the promotion of music."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In addition to his work as a composer, Poulenc was an accomplished pianist."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was among the first composers to see the importance of the gramophone, and he recorded extensively from 1928 onwards."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Piano",
"text": "Poulenc, a highly accomplished pianist, usually composed at the piano and wrote many pieces for the instrument throughout his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Recordings",
"text": "In 2005, EMI issued a DVD, \"Francis Poulenc & Friends\", featuring filmed performances of Poulenc's music, played by the composer, with Duval, Jean-Pierre Rampal, Jacques Février and Georges Prêtre."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1920s: increasing fame",
"text": "In 1921 Ernest Newman wrote in The Manchester Guardian, \"I keep my eye on Francis Poulenc, a young man who has only just arrived at his twenties."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1920s: increasing fame",
"text": "Neither of the French composers was influenced by their Austrian colleagues' revolutionary twelve-tone system, but they admired the three as its leading proponents."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1940s: war and post-war",
"text": "For most of the war, Poulenc was in Paris, giving recitals with Bernac, concentrating on French songs."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years",
"text": "In the same year he became the pupil of the pianist Ricardo Viñes."
}
] |
Francis Poulenc, a French composer and pianist, publicly disregarded the gramophone as gimmicky.
| 0 | 0 |
Francis Poulenc
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Controversy | September 11 attacks",
"text": "On September 8, 2009, he appealed to President Barack Obama to set up a new investigation into the attacks."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy | Anti-vaccination",
"text": "Sheen is staunchly opposed to vaccinations."
}
] |
7NUZKjohUrmY6O05jEjM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Carlos Irwin Estévez (born September 3, 1965), known professionally as Charlie Sheen, is an American actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Film",
"text": "The next year, Sheen wrote, produced and starred in the action movie No Code of Conduct."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On November 17, 2015, Sheen publicly revealed that he is HIV positive, having been diagnosed about four years earlier."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Substance abuse, legal issues and health",
"text": "On November 17, 2015, Sheen publicly revealed that he was HIV positive, having been diagnosed roughly four years earlier."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy | Anti-vaccination",
"text": "Sheen is staunchly opposed to vaccinations."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Film",
"text": "Sheen has also done voices for animation, appearing as Charlie in All Dogs"
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Other",
"text": "In October 2018 Sheen flew to Australia for his \"An Evening with Charlie Sheen\" tour."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Deciding to become an actor, he took the stage name Charlie Sheen."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy | September 11 attacks",
"text": "Sheen is an outspoken advocate of the 9/11 Truth movement."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy | Anti-vaccination",
"text": "After separating from Denise Richards, he sent a legal notice to his daughters' physician stating his lack of consent to vaccinate them."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy | September 11 attacks",
"text": "On September 8, 2009, he appealed to President Barack Obama to set up a new investigation into the attacks."
}
] |
Charlie Sheen is not known for having any controversial actions or opinions.
| 0 | 0 |
Charlie Sheen
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Chesbro married Mabel Suttleworth of Conway, Massachusetts, in 1896."
}
] |
7Ne6r1qxT6L0J0KM4jzI
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Minor leagues (1895–1899)",
"text": "There, the local newspaper shortened his last name to \"Chesbro\" so that it would fit in the box score."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "There, an inmate gave Chesbro the nickname \"Happy Jack\", due to his pleasant demeanor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicknamed \"Happy Jack\", Chesbro played for the Pittsburgh Pirates (1899–1902), the New York Highlanders (1903–1909), and the Boston Red Sox (1909)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Though some pitchers have won more games in some seasons prior to 1901, historians demarcating 1901 as the beginning of 'modern-era' major league baseball refer to and credit Jack Chesbro and his 1904 win-total as the modern era major league record and its holder."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "If one demarcates 1901 as the beginning of major league baseball's modern era, Jack Chesbro holds the modern era major league historical single-season records for wins by a pitcher (41), games started by a pitcher (51), and complete games pitched (48)."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball (1899–1909)",
"text": "After the season, on December 8, 1899, Chesbro was traded with George Fox, Art Madison, John O'Brien, and $25,000 ($768,300 in current dollar terms) to the Louisville Colonels for Honus Wagner, Fred Clarke, Bert Cunningham, Mike Kelley, Tacks Latimer, Tommy Leach, Tom Messitt, Deacon Phillippe, Claude Ritchey, Rube Waddell, Jack Wadsworth, and Chief Zimmer."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball (1899–1909)",
"text": "Chesbro pitched the Highlanders' first game."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball (1899–1909)",
"text": "Chesbro also began working on a \"slow ball\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-MLB career",
"text": "However, before leaving for camp he reconsidered and released Chesbro."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball (1899–1909)",
"text": "However, Chesbro threatened to retire if transferred there, and did not report to the Highlanders at first."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Chesbro married Mabel Suttleworth of Conway, Massachusetts, in 1896."
}
] |
Jack Chesbro marriage to a women whose named rhymed with able.
| 0 | 3 |
Jack Chesbro
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "iv-ər, -ar also US: BOH-liv-ar) and also colloquially as El Libertador, or the Liberator, was a Venezuelan military and political leader who led what are currently the countries of Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Panama to independence from the Spanish Empire."
}
] |
7NhFljOPN9oldTxDBiRh
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Bolivar's Personal Beliefs | Politics",
"text": "Absolute liberty always leads to absolute power and among these two extremes is social liberty'."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Bolívar aimed at a strong and united Spanish America able to cope not only with the threats emanating from Spain and the European Holy Alliance but also with the emerging power of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad"
},
{
"section_header": "Political and military career | Venezuela and New Granada, 1807–1821 | Campaigns in Venezuela, 1816–1818",
"text": "To honor Bolivar's efforts to help Venezuela during its independence movement, the city of Angostura was renamed to Ciudad Bolivar in 1846."
},
{
"section_header": "Political and military career | Consolidation of independence, 1825–1830 | Dissolution of Gran Colombia",
"text": "He dreamed of a united Spanish America and in the pursuit of that purpose he not only created Gran Colombia but also the Confederation of the Andes whose aim was to unite the aforementioned with Peru and Bolivia."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood",
"text": "He was baptized as Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Simón Bolívar leads Gran Colombia in the video game Civilization VI."
},
{
"section_header": "Political and military career | Consolidation of independence, 1825–1830 | Aftermath",
"text": "Moreover, there were attempts by the Spanish monarchy to reconquer their former settlements in the Americas through expeditions that would help the remaining loyalist forces and advocates."
},
{
"section_header": "Political and military career | Venezuela and New Granada, 1807–1821 | Liberation of New Granada and Venezuela, 1819–1821",
"text": "From his newly consolidated base of power, Bolívar launched outright independence campaigns in Venezuela and Ecuador."
},
{
"section_header": "Political and military career | Venezuela and New Granada, 1807–1821 | Liberation of New Granada and Venezuela, 1819–1821",
"text": "The campaign for the independence of New Granada, which included the crossing of the Andes mountain range, one of history's great military feats, was consolidated with the victory at the Battle of Boyacá on 7 August 1819."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "iv-ər, -ar also US: BOH-liv-ar) and also colloquially as El Libertador, or the Liberator, was a Venezuelan military and political leader who led what are currently the countries of Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Panama to independence from the Spanish Empire."
}
] |
Simon was a powerful politician for Tobago and Trinidad that helped lead it to independence from Spain.
| 0 | 0 |
Simón Bolívar
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An eight-time All-Star, Feller was ranked 36th on Sporting News's list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players and was named the publication's \"greatest pitcher of his time\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "On December 15, Feller died of complications from leukemia at 92."
}
] |
7Nt8K4xH7f2FSb79wmyg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Feller died at the age of 92 in 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "On December 15, Feller died of complications from leukemia at 92."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": ", Feller first played for the Indians at the age of 17."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Teenage phenomenon (1936–1941)",
"text": "The test was conducted in Chicago's Lincoln Park and required Feller to hit a target 12 inches (300 mm) in diameter, from 60 feet 6 inches (18.44 m) away."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Teenage phenomenon (1936–1941)",
"text": "The motorcycle passed Feller going 86 mph (138 km/h) and with a 10 foot (3.0 m) head start but the ball beat the bike to the target by 3 feet (0.91 m)."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Military service (1941–1945) | Baseball during Naval service (1942, 1945)",
"text": "Feller pitched for the Norfolk Naval Station's Bluejackets baseball team, which went 92-8 in 1942, and later for the Naval Station Great Lakes team."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Feller became the first pitcher to win 24 games in a season before the age of 21."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "From the age of 15, he began to pitch for the Oakviews after a starting pitcher was injured; while doing so, Feller continued to play American Legion baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Later years (1949–1956)",
"text": "In 2010, after Feller had been admitted to hospice, a reporter released a story recalling a 2007 interview with an aged Feller where he brought up Feller and Robinson's occasional dislike for each other."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Teenage phenomenon (1936–1941)",
"text": "And his curveball isn't human.\" Feller appeared in the May 12, 1941, edition of Life, which said: \"... he is unquestionably the idol of several generations of Americans, ranging in age from 7 to 70."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An eight-time All-Star, Feller was ranked 36th on Sporting News's list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players and was named the publication's \"greatest pitcher of his time\"."
}
] |
Feller passed away at the age of 92.
| 2 | 5 |
Bob Feller
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Christopher Columbus (; Ligurian: Cristoffa Corombo; Italian: Cristoforo Colombo; Spanish: Cristóbal Colón; before 31 October 1451 – 20 May 1506) was an Italian explorer and navigator who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean, opening the way for European exploration and colonization of the Americas."
},
{
"section_header": "Quest for Asia | Background",
"text": "In the 1480s, the Columbus brothers proposed a plan to reach the Indies by sailing west across the \"Ocean Sea\" (the Atlantic)."
}
] |
7O55rGF4xokoODwqnboF
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Voyages | Third voyage",
"text": "[West Africa] and sailed to the west with merchandise."
},
{
"section_header": "Quest for Asia | Background",
"text": "In the 1480s, the Columbus brothers proposed a plan to reach the Indies by sailing west across the \"Ocean Sea\" (the Atlantic)."
},
{
"section_header": "Accusations of tyranny and brutality",
"text": "Arriving in Santo Domingo while Columbus was away during the explorations of his third voyage, Bobadilla was immediately met with complaints about all three Columbus brothers: Christopher, Bartolomeo, and Diego."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The name Christopher Columbus is the Anglicisation of the Latin Christophorus Columbus."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Christopher Columbus (; Ligurian: Cristoffa Corombo; Italian: Cristoforo Colombo; Spanish: Cristóbal Colón; before 31 October 1451 – 20 May 1506) was an Italian explorer and navigator who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean, opening the way for European exploration and colonization of the Americas."
},
{
"section_header": "Quest for Asia | Nautical considerations",
"text": "By sailing directly due west from the Canary Islands during hurricane season, skirting the so-called horse latitudes of the mid-Atlantic, Columbus risked either being becalmed or running into a tropical cyclone, both of which, by chance, he avoided."
},
{
"section_header": "Voyages | First voyage",
"text": "Not finding King John II of Portugal in Lisbon, Columbus wrote a letter to him and waited for John's reply."
},
{
"section_header": "Quest for Asia | Background",
"text": "Portuguese navigators tried to find a sea way to Asia."
},
{
"section_header": "Voyages | Fourth voyage",
"text": "A hurricane was brewing, so he continued on, hoping to find shelter on Hispaniola."
},
{
"section_header": "Voyages | First voyage",
"text": "Columbus took more natives prisoner and continued his exploration."
}
] |
Christopher Columbus was an explorer and sailed west to find India.
| 0 | 0 |
Christopher Columbus
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "When they signed to Geffen Records in 1986, the band comprised vocalist Axl Rose, lead guitarist Slash, rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin, bassist Duff McKagan, and drummer Steven Adler."
}
] |
7OFkLwr9PfsQ6wNcCE1F
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction and Appetite for Democracy (2009–2014) | Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction",
"text": "If Axl, Duff, Izzy and myself start communicating, it could go one way."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation (1985–1986)",
"text": "In 1984, Hollywood Rose member Izzy Stradlin was living with L.A. Guns member Tracii Guns."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "When they signed to Geffen Records in 1986, the band comprised vocalist Axl Rose, lead guitarist Slash, rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin, bassist Duff McKagan, and drummer Steven Adler."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Slash and McKagan rejoin, tour, and future (2015–present)",
"text": "Guns N' Roses was officially announced as the headliner of Coachella on January 4, 2016, with KROQ reporting Slash and Duff McKagan were rejoining the band."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Lineup changes and sporadic activity (1994–1999)",
"text": "Clarke later sued the band over the use of his likeness in Guns N' Roses Pinball."
},
{
"section_header": "Members | Former",
"text": "Axl Rose – lead and occasional backing vocals, piano, percussion (1985–present) Duff McKagan – bass guitar, backing and occasional lead vocals (1985–1997, 2016–present) Slash – lead and rhythm guitars, occasional backing vocals (1985–1996, 2016–present) Dizzy Reed – keyboards, piano, backing vocals, percussion (1990–present) Richard Fortus – rhythm and lead guitars, backing vocals (2002–present) Frank Ferrer – drums, percussion, occasional backing vocals (2006–present) Melissa Reese – synthesizers, keyboards, backing vocals, sub-bass, programming (2016–present) See List of Guns N' Roses members"
},
{
"section_header": "History | New lineups and Chinese Democracy (1999–2008) | Title announcement and touring, tour cancellation and member departures",
"text": "Describing why he continued using the Guns N' Roses name, instead of labeling the upcoming album an 'Axl Rose solo album', Rose stated \"It is something I lived by before these guys were in it."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation (1985–1986)",
"text": "Roses and I called Izzy the next day and said 'Hey, we are gonna start this new band called Guns N’ Roses, do you want in?”"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Lineup changes and sporadic activity (1994–1999)",
"text": "\"In 1996, Rose, Slash, McKagan, and former member Izzy Stradlin guested on Anxious Disease, the debut album by The Outpatience, featuring GN'R collaborator West Arkeen which would be the last material the four classic era members worked on together."
},
{
"section_header": "History | New lineups and Chinese Democracy (1999–2008) | Title announcement and touring, tour cancellation and member departures",
"text": "It's not an Axl Rose album, even if it's what I wanted it to be."
}
] |
Guns N' Roses has members like Izzy, Slash, Duff and Axl.
| 0 | 0 |
Guns N' Roses
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Name of the Rose (Italian: Il nome della rosa [il ˈnoːme della ˈrɔːza]) is the 1980 debut novel by Italian author Umberto Eco."
}
] |
7ON6PPRhG8bNKfhsKYWl
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Music",
"text": "The Name of the Rose (1996), whose eponymous track is loosely based around some of the philosophical concepts of the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "According to nominalism, universals are bare names: there is not a universal rose, only the name rose."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "They chose The Name of the Rose."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "The Name of the Rose has been described as a work of postmodernism."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "The Name of the Rose \"came to me virtually by chance."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "This text has also been translated as \"Yesterday's rose stands only in name, we hold only empty names."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Name of the Rose (Italian: Il nome della rosa [il ˈnoːme della ˈrɔːza]) is the 1980 debut novel by Italian author Umberto Eco."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "\" In the Postscript to the Name of the Rose, Eco claims to have chosen the title \"because the rose is a symbolic figure so rich in meanings that by now it hardly has any meaning left\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions | To other works",
"text": "phonetically similar).The blind librarian Jorge of Burgos is a nod to Argentinian writer Jorge Luis Borges, a major influence on Eco."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "The book's last line, \"Stat rosa pristina nomine, nomina nuda tenemus\" translates as: \" the rose of old remains only in its name; we possess naked names."
}
] |
The Name of the Rose is the 2nd novel of its writer.
| 1 | 4 |
The Name of the Rose
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Director of Health in Hong Kong, 1994–2003",
"text": "She became \"a symbol of ignorance and arrogance epitomizing the mentality of 'business as usual' embedded in the ideological and institutional practices within the bureaucracy, especially after the hand-over.\" In the end, she was credited for helping bring the epidemic under control by the slaughter of 1.5 million chickens in the region in the face of stiff political opposition."
}
] |
7OqeW4Ks6FSY0DvKJLIT
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Margaret Chan is married to David Chan, who is an ophthalmologist."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Director of Health in Hong Kong, 1994–2003",
"text": "\"I eat chicken every day, don't panic, everyone\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Director of Health in Hong Kong, 1994–2003",
"text": "After the first victim of the H5N1 died, Chan first tried to reassure Hong Kong residents with her infamous statements like, \"I ate chicken last night\" or"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Margaret Chan Fung Fu-chun, (born August 21, 1947) is a Chinese-Canadian physician, who served as the Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO) delegating the People's Republic of China for 2006–2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Director of Health in Hong Kong, 1994–2003",
"text": "She became \"a symbol of ignorance and arrogance epitomizing the mentality of 'business as usual' embedded in the ideological and institutional practices within the bureaucracy, especially after the hand-over.\" In the end, she was credited for helping bring the epidemic under control by the slaughter of 1.5 million chickens in the region in the face of stiff political opposition."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Director-General of WHO, 2006–2017 | Second term",
"text": "In 2016 at the request of the WHA, Chan launched the Health Emergencies Programme."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This is a Hong Kong name; Fung is the maiden name and Chan is the married name."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Director of Health in Hong Kong, 1994–2003",
"text": "Chan survived the transition from British to PRC-HKSAR rule in June 1997."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Director-General of WHO, 2006–2017",
"text": "Chan served two terms of five years apiece as Director-General of the WHO."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Chan was born and raised in Hong Kong, although her ancestors came from Shunde, Guangdong."
}
] |
Margaret Chan is a chicken murderer.
| 1 | 2 |
Margaret Chan
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Nicknamed \"Big D\" by fans, Drysdale used brushback pitches and a sidearm fastball to intimidate batters, similar to his fierce fellow Hall of Famer Bob Gibson."
}
] |
7PQMBjqOx8hxvwYWvs8U
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Drysdale and Meyers had three children together: Don Junior (\"DJ\") (son), Darren (son), and Drew (daughter)."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Nicknamed \"Big D\" by fans, Drysdale used brushback pitches and a sidearm fastball to intimidate batters, similar to his fierce fellow Hall of Famer Bob Gibson."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Drysdale was a good hitting pitcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": ", Drysdale was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1984."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Drysdale was replaced by Rick Monday in the broadcast booth."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting career",
"text": "Drysdale remarked, \"Go get 'em, Dago!\" For the Sox, Drysdale broadcast Tom Seaver's 300th victory, against the host New York Yankees in 1985."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting career",
"text": "Drysdale on the call: Deep right field, way back."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "In 1962, Drysdale won 25 games and the Cy Young Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting career",
"text": "In the meantime, Drysdale filled in for Jackson on play-by-play for the early innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In 1990, Drysdale published his autobiography, Once a Bum, Always a Dodger."
}
] |
Don Drysdale was referred to as "Happy D" by fans.
| 0 | 0 |
Don Drysdale
|
Geography
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is located in the department of Yvelines, in the region of Île-de-France, about 20 kilometres (12 miles) southwest of the centre of Paris."
}
] |
7PlAF86h31qGzaljH46m
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "It is based on the life of Queen Marie Antoinette in the years leading up to the French Revolution, filmed on location at the Palace of Versailles."
},
{
"section_header": "Ownership and management",
"text": "The Palace of Versailles is owned by the French state."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The palace of Louis XIV",
"text": "In 1670, Le Vau added a new pavilion northwest of the chateau, called the Trianon, for the King's relaxation in the hot summers."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century",
"text": "Concurrently, in the Soviet Union (Russia since 26 December 1991), the restoration of the Pavlovsk Palace located 25 kilometers from the center of Leningrad – today's Saint Petersburg – brought the attention of French Ministry of Culture, including that of the curator of Versailles."
},
{
"section_header": "Gardens and fountains | The Fountains and the Shortage of Water | Sanitation",
"text": "Most of Versailles' inhabitants used communal latrines located throughout the palace, off the main galleries or at the end of the residential corridors on the upper floors."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Palace of Versailles ( vair-SY, vur-SY; French: The Palace of Versailles ( vair-SY, vur-SY; French: Château de Versailles [ʃɑto d(ə) vɛʁsɑj] (listen)) was the principal royal residence of France from 1682, under Louis XIV, until the start of the French Revolution in 1789, under Louis XVI."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "\"The Palace of Versailles\" is a song by singer-songwriter Al Stewart, detailing the French Revolution, The Terror, and Napoléon Bonaparte's military coup, from the perspective of \"the lonely Palace of Versailles\" On 2 July 2005, the French Live 8 was held in the courtyard of VersaillesTelevision"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 19th century - history museum and government venue",
"text": "He did not reside at Versailles, but began the creation of the Museum of the History of France, dedicated to \"all the glories of France\", located in the south wing of the Palace, which had been used to house some members of the royal family."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and plan",
"text": "The Palace of Versailles offers a visual history of French architecture from the 17th century to the end of the 18th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern Political and ceremonial functions",
"text": "This was the third time since 1848 that a French president addressed a joint session of the French Parliament at Versailles."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is located in the department of Yvelines, in the region of Île-de-France, about 20 kilometres (12 miles) southwest of the centre of Paris."
}
] |
The Palace of Versailles is located just northwest of the French capital.
| 3 | 7 |
Palace of Versailles
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His small stature at 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) and 132 lb (68 kg) made him one of the smallest players of his era."
}
] |
7PoyGkB3Lx1TZ9GMM3Y7
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Later career",
"text": "Paul was known as \"Big Poison\" and Lloyd as \"Little Poison\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Lloyd Jr. said that the brothers would have been better known and would have enjoyed their later lives more were it not for alcohol."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His small stature at 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) and 132 lb (68 kg) made him one of the smallest players of his era."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Later career",
"text": "Waner was also an accomplished center fielder."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "\"I think I would have asked for expenses\", Waner reflected."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "In 1950, Lloyd and Paul Waner lost their older brother, Ralph Waner, when he was fatally shot by his ex-wife Marie."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Early career",
"text": "Waner had difficulty recovering from the surgery and re-entered the hospital in"
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "After retiring as a player, Waner was a scout for Pittsburgh from 1946 to 1949."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Lloyd and Paul Waner both struggled with alcohol abuse."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Waner was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1967."
}
] |
Waner was known for his tall stature.
| 2 | 3 |
Lloyd Waner
|
History
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Ancestry",
"text": "Josiah Franklin was born at Ecton, Northamptonshire, England on December 23, 1657, the son of blacksmith and farmer Thomas Franklin and Jane White."
}
] |
7SJF6jDDiqlNNLxncToL
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Public life | Decades in London | Scientific work in London",
"text": "The RSA instituted a Benjamin Franklin Medal in 1956 to commemorate the 250th anniversary of his birth and the 200th anniversary of his membership of the RSA."
},
{
"section_header": "Philadelphia | Junto and library",
"text": "This was the birth of the Library Company of Philadelphia: its charter was composed by Franklin in 1731."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Places and things named after Benjamin Franklin",
"text": "CMA CGM Benjamin Franklin, a Chinese-built French-owned Explorer-class container ship"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Places and things named after Benjamin Franklin",
"text": "Franklin Field, a football field once home to the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League and the home field of the University of Pennsylvania Quakers since 1895 Philadelphia's Benjamin Franklin Parkway (a major thoroughfare) The Benjamin Franklin Bridge across the Delaware River between Philadelphia and Camden, New Jersey"
},
{
"section_header": "Philadelphia | Junto and library",
"text": "The Junto was modeled after English coffeehouses that Franklin knew well, and which had become the center of the spread of Enlightenment ideas in Britain."
},
{
"section_header": "Virtue, religion, and personal beliefs",
"text": "It was widely believed that English liberties relied on their balance of power, but also hierarchal deference to the privileged class."
},
{
"section_header": "Virtue, religion, and personal beliefs",
"text": "Max Weber considered Franklin's ethical writings a culmination of the Protestant ethic, which ethic created the social conditions necessary for the birth of capitalism."
},
{
"section_header": "Philadelphia | William Franklin",
"text": "A Loyalist to the king, William Franklin and his father Benjamin eventually broke relations over their differences about the American Revolutionary War, as Benjamin Franklin could never accept William's position."
},
{
"section_header": "Slavery",
"text": "Whether Franklin could have forced King to return is open to doubt in the light of earlier English Common Law decisions and the subsequent case of Shanley v Harvey, but in any case he did not attempt to do so."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Benjamin Franklin (January 17, 1706"
},
{
"section_header": "Ancestry",
"text": "Josiah Franklin was born at Ecton, Northamptonshire, England on December 23, 1657, the son of blacksmith and farmer Thomas Franklin and Jane White."
}
] |
Benjamin Franklin was English by birth.
| 5 | 6 |
Benjamin Franklin
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Uranium is weakly radioactive because all isotopes of uranium are unstable; the half-lives of its naturally occurring isotopes range between 159,200 years and 4.5 billion years."
}
] |
7SQgSEx0xkw4yduDdL4J
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Human exposure | Effects and precautions",
"text": "Radiological effects are generally local because alpha radiation, the primary form of 238U decay, has a very short range, and will not penetrate skin."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Military",
"text": "The main risk of exposure to depleted uranium is chemical poisoning by uranium oxide rather than radioactivity (uranium being only a weak alpha emitter)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Uranium decays slowly by emitting an alpha particle."
},
{
"section_header": "Human exposure | Effects and precautions",
"text": "Alpha radiation from inhaled uranium has been demonstrated to cause lung cancer in exposed nuclear workers."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Discovery",
"text": "He determined that a form of invisible light or rays emitted by uranium had exposed the plate."
},
{
"section_header": "Occurrence | Production and mining",
"text": "Very pure uranium is produced through the thermal decomposition of uranium halides on a hot filament."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Civilian",
"text": "This waste product was diverted to the glazing industry, making uranium glazes very inexpensive and abundant."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Contamination and the Cold War legacy",
"text": "The Radiation Exposure Compensation Act, a 1990 law in the US, required $100,000 in \"compassion payments\" to uranium miners diagnosed with cancer or other respiratory ailments."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In nature, uranium is found as uranium-238 (99.2739–99.2752%), uranium-235 (0.7198–0.7202%), and a very small amount of uranium-234 (0.0050–0.0059%)."
},
{
"section_header": "Isotopes | Natural concentrations",
"text": "For natural uranium, about 49% of its alpha rays are emitted by 238U, and also 49% by 234U (since the latter is formed from the former) and about 2.0% of them by the 235U."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Uranium is weakly radioactive because all isotopes of uranium are unstable; the half-lives of its naturally occurring isotopes range between 159,200 years and 4.5 billion years."
}
] |
Uranium emits very weak radiation.
| 1 | 5 |
Uranium
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Pericles, following Athenian custom, was first married to one of his closest relatives, with whom he had two sons, Paralus and Xanthippus, but around 445 BC, Pericles divorced his wife."
}
] |
7SXAz39ampOxNx4qFflY
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Assessments | Oratorical skill",
"text": "That is to say, Thucydides could simply have used two different writing styles for two different purposes."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessments | Oratorical skill",
"text": "Ioannis Kakridis and Arnold Gomme were two scholars who debated the originality of Pericles' oratory and last speech."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pericles turned the Delian League into an Athenian empire and led his countrymen during the first two years of the Peloponnesian War."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessments | Oratorical skill",
"text": "The two groups addressed were the ones who were prepared to believe him when he praised the dead, and the ones who did not."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career until 431 BC | Leading Athens | Personal attacks",
"text": "Just before the eruption of the Peloponnesian War, Pericles and two of his closest associates, Phidias and his companion, Aspasia, faced a series of personal and judicial attacks."
},
{
"section_header": "Peloponnesian War | Prelude to the war",
"text": "The terms were rejected by the Spartans, and with neither side willing to back down, the two cities prepared for war."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Pericles, following Athenian custom, was first married to one of his closest relatives, with whom he had two sons, Paralus and Xanthippus, but around 445 BC, Pericles divorced his wife."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career until 431 BC | Leading Athens | Samian War",
"text": "When the Athenians ordered the two sides to stop fighting and submit the case to arbitration in Athens, the Samians refused."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessments | Military achievements",
"text": "The two basic principles of the \"Periclean Grand Strategy\" were the rejection of appeasement (in accordance with which he urged the Athenians not to revoke the Megarian Decree) and the avoidance of overextension."
},
{
"section_header": "Peloponnesian War | Last military operations and death",
"text": "Pericles lived during the first two and a half years of the Peloponnesian War and, according to Thucydides, his death was a disaster for Athens, since his successors were inferior to him; they preferred to incite all the bad habits of the rabble and followed an unstable policy, endeavoring to be popular rather than useful."
}
] |
Pericles had two daughters.
| 0 | 0 |
Pericles
|
Literature
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Death",
"text": "A GENIUS OF THE SOUTH / NOVELIST FOLKLORIST / ANTHROPOLOGIST / 1901–1960."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Death",
"text": "Hurston was born in 1891, not 1901.After Hurston died, her papers were ordered to be burned."
}
] |
7Tl62SZR2sP5w395VjcV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Work and study",
"text": "At this time, apparently to qualify for a free high-school education, the 26-year-old Hurston began claiming 1901 as her year of birth."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Interest was revived in 1975 after author Alice Walker published an article, \"In Search of Zora Neale Hurston\", in the March issue of Ms. magazine that year."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary career | Posthumous recognition",
"text": "Zora Neale Hurston's hometown of Eatonville, Florida, celebrates her life annually in Zora Neale Hurston Festival of the Arts and Humanities."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Death",
"text": "Walker commissioned a gray marker inscribed with \"ZORA NEALE HURSTON /"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is now the site of the \"Zora! Festival\", held each year in her honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary career | Posthumous recognition",
"text": "The Zora Neale Hurston House in Fort Pierce has been designated as a National Historic Landmark."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary career | Posthumous recognition",
"text": "'Jumpin' at the Sun': Reassessing the Life and Work of Zora Neale Hurston focused on her work and influence."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary career | Posthumous recognition",
"text": "It is home to the Zora Neale Hurston Museum of Fine Arts, and a library named for her opened in January 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Death",
"text": "Hurston was born in 1891, not 1901.After Hurston died, her papers were ordered to be burned."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Zora Neale Hurston (January 7, 1891 – January 28, 1960) was an American author, anthropologist, and filmmaker."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Death",
"text": "A GENIUS OF THE SOUTH / NOVELIST FOLKLORIST / ANTHROPOLOGIST / 1901–1960."
}
] |
Zora Neale Hurston died at 69 years old.
| 2 | 10 |
Zora Neale Hurston
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film explores themes of race, gender, nationality, and sexuality against the backdrop of the Troubles in Northern Ireland."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film follows Fergus (Rea), a member of the IRA, who has a brief but meaningful encounter with a British soldier, Jody (Whitaker), who is being held prisoner by the group."
}
] |
7UXf02kChjmT5KCTDzVU
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "\"The Crying Game was placed on over 50 critics' ten-best lists in 1992, based on a poll of 106 film critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Several funding offers from the United States fell through because the funders wanted Jordan to cast a woman to play the role of Dil, believing that it would be impossible to find an androgynous male actor who could pass as female."
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "The soundtrack to the film, The Crying Game: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack, released on 23 February 1993, was produced by Anne Dudley and Pet Shop Boys."
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "\"The Crying Game\" – Boy George"
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "\"The Crying Game\" – Dave Berry"
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "The Crying Game received worldwide acclaim from critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "The film has a 94% \"fresh\" rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 66 reviews with the consensus: \"The Crying Game is famous for its shocking twist, but this thoughtful, haunting mystery grips the viewer from start to finish."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Crying Game is a 1992 thriller film written and directed by Neil Jordan, produced by Stephen Woolley, and starring Stephen Rea, Miranda Richardson, Jaye Davidson, Adrian Dunbar, and Forest Whitaker."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "Much has been written about The Crying Game's discussion of race, nationality and sexuality."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A critical and commercial success, The Crying Game won the BAFTA Award for Best British Film as well as the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay, alongside Oscar nominations for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor for Rea,"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film explores themes of race, gender, nationality, and sexuality against the backdrop of the Troubles in Northern Ireland."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film follows Fergus (Rea), a member of the IRA, who has a brief but meaningful encounter with a British soldier, Jody (Whitaker), who is being held prisoner by the group."
}
] |
The film is about several kids seeing who can cry the longest.
| 0 | 2 |
The Crying Game
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "New York Giants | 1890–1892",
"text": "Rusie quickly became a sensation among fans, media, and society owing to the combination of his pitching velocity and physical size at 6-foot-1-inch (1.85 m), 200-pound (91 kg), which was considered large for the era."
}
] |
7Uii0Yrf21eVET32nuNU
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "New York Giants | 1893–1898",
"text": "However, he finished with a mediocre (by his standards) 23 wins and 23 losses."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants | 1893–1898",
"text": "The 1893 campaign was a truly extraordinary one for Amos Rusie."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants | 1890–1892",
"text": "used his name, a paperback book, Secrets of Amos Rusie, The World's Greatest Pitcher"
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants | 1893–1898",
"text": "especially spectacular considering that the league average that year was 5.32)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This ruling was made effective for the 1893 season, at the peak of Amos Rusie's pitching prowess."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Amos Wilson Rusie (May 30, 1871 – December 6, 1942), nicknamed \"The Hoosier Thunderbolt\", was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball during the late 19th century."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants | 1890–1892",
"text": "2.56 earned run average (ERA), and a league-leading total of 341 strikeouts, the highest seasonal total he would have in his career."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants | 1890–1892",
"text": "As a hitter, he had a successful season with .278 batting average in 284 at bats, 13 doubles, six triples, and he scored 31 runs."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants | 1893–1898",
"text": "This was partially out of respect for Rusie."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Rusie was born on May 30, 1871 in Mooresville, Indiana, to mason and plasterer William Asbury Rusie and his wife Mary Donovan."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants | 1890–1892",
"text": "Rusie quickly became a sensation among fans, media, and society owing to the combination of his pitching velocity and physical size at 6-foot-1-inch (1.85 m), 200-pound (91 kg), which was considered large for the era."
}
] |
Amos Rusie was of average height by the day's standards.
| 0 | 0 |
Amos Rusie
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Farewell to Arms is a novel by Ernest Hemingway set during the Italian campaign of World War I. First published in 1929, it is a first-person account of an American, Frederic Henry, serving as a lieutenant (\"tenente\") in the ambulance corps of the Italian Army."
}
] |
7UsgpIoyyMhBNXTAXju2
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Frederic Henry is first person narrator of the story."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Book - I",
"text": "Rinaldi takes Frederic to a British hospital where Frederic is introduced to Catherine Barkley, an English nurse."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Farewell to Arms is a novel by Ernest Hemingway set during the Italian campaign of World War I. First published in 1929, it is a first-person account of an American, Frederic Henry, serving as a lieutenant (\"tenente\") in the ambulance corps of the Italian Army."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and publication history | Censorship",
"text": "A Farewell to Arms was banned in the Irish Free State."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and publication history",
"text": "The success of A Farewell to Arms made Hemingway financially independent."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "A Farewell to Arms was met with favorable criticism and is considered one of Hemingway's best literary works."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and publication history",
"text": "A Farewell to Arms was begun during his time at Willis M. Spear's guest ranch in Wyoming's Bighorns."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and publication history",
"text": "Because his previous novel, The Sun Also Rises, had been written as a roman à clef, readers assumed A Farewell to Arms to be autobiographical."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "\"Baker remarks on the theme of 'A Farewell to Arms': \"After ten years of meditation and digestive of his experience, Hemingway lays before his readers a work which is far from a mere war experience, nor a store of love and death during the war.\" However, since publication, A Farewell to Arms has also been the target of various controversy."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Book - I",
"text": "Lieutenant Frederic Henry, an American paramedic, is serving in the Italian Army."
}
] |
A Farewell to Arms tells the story about a British person serving in a non British military.
| 0 | 0 |
A Farewell to Arms
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During Mary's reign, Elizabeth was imprisoned for nearly a year on suspicion of supporting Protestant rebels."
}
] |
7UuI5VW81k46KJNqrmQ7
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Mary, Queen of Scots",
"text": "Shortly afterwards, on 15 May 1567, Mary married Bothwell, arousing suspicions that she had been party to the murder of her husband."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Elizabeth was two years and eight months old when her mother was beheaded on 19 May 1536, four months after Catherine of Aragon's death from natural causes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During Mary's reign, Elizabeth was imprisoned for nearly a year on suspicion of supporting Protestant rebels."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "The modern convention is to use the old calendar for the date and month while using the new for the year."
},
{
"section_header": "Mary I's reign",
"text": "If Mary and her child died, Elizabeth would become queen."
},
{
"section_header": "Mary I's reign",
"text": "On 6 November, Mary recognised Elizabeth as her heir."
},
{
"section_header": "Thomas Seymour",
"text": "In January 1549, Thomas was arrested and imprisoned in the Tower on suspicion of conspiring to depose Somerset as the Protector, marry Lady Jane Grey to King Edward VI, and take Elizabeth as his own wife."
},
{
"section_header": "Mary I's reign",
"text": "On 17 November 1558, Mary died and Elizabeth succeeded to the throne."
},
{
"section_header": "Mary I's reign",
"text": "On 3 August 1553, Mary rode triumphantly into London, with Elizabeth at her side."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "By age 12 she was able to translate her stepmother Catherine Parr's religious work Prayers or Meditations from English into Italian, Latin, and French, which she presented to her father as a New Year's gift."
}
] |
Elizabeth spent almost 12 months in prison because Mary had suspicions.
| 2 | 5 |
Elizabeth I
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Sequel",
"text": "In November 2018, Atwood announced the sequel, titled The Testaments, which was published in September 2019."
}
] |
7VUHtTISruV8yIrTYf5J
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "In other media | Audio",
"text": "In 2014, Canadian band Lakes of Canada released their album Transgressions, which is intended to be a concept album inspired by The Handmaid's Tale."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The Handmaid's Tale. New York: Anchor Books."
},
{
"section_header": "Setting | Religion",
"text": "Bruce Miller, the executive producer of The Handmaid's Tale television serial, declared with regard to Atwood's book, as well as his series, that Gilead is \"a society that’s based kind of in a perverse misreading of Old Testament laws and codes\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The Handmaid's Tale. New York: Anchor Books (div. of Random House)."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "She's been trying to live this down ever since.\" The Handmaid's Tale was well received by critics, helping to cement Atwood's status as a prominent writer of the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Academic reception | Challenges",
"text": "While noting that \"The Handmaid's Tale is listed as one of the 100 'most frequently challenged books' from 1990 to 1999 on the American Library Association's website\", Rushowy reports that \"The Canadian Library Association says there is 'no known instance of a challenge to this novel in Canada' but says the book was called anti-Christian and pornographic by parents after being placed on a reading list for secondary students in Texas in the 1990s."
},
{
"section_header": "Academic reception | Challenges",
"text": "Atwood participated in discussing The Handmaid's Tale as the subject of an ALA discussion series titled \"One Book, One Conference\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Not only was the book deemed well-written and compelling, but Atwood's work was notable for sparking intense debates both in and out of academia."
},
{
"section_header": "Setting | Legitimate women",
"text": "In the other story, which appears earlier in Genesis but is cited less frequently, Abraham has sex with his wife's handmaid, Hagar."
},
{
"section_header": "Academic reception | Other use in academia",
"text": "She said including books like The Handmaid's Tale contributes to that discomfort, because of its negative view on religion and its anti-biblical attitudes toward sex.\" In institutions of higher education, professors have found The Handmaid's Tale to be useful, largely because of its historical and religious basis and Atwood's captivating delivery."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequel",
"text": "In November 2018, Atwood announced the sequel, titled The Testaments, which was published in September 2019."
}
] |
There is a less well known followup book to The Handmaid's Tale released in the late 2010's.
| 0 | 1 |
The Handmaid's Tale
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Minister under Peel (1841–1846)",
"text": "In September 1842 he lost the forefinger of his left hand in an accident while reloading a gun."
}
] |
7WiLCEaw5wlmCJJdmtES
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "Gladstone, William Ewart (1858)."
},
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "Gladstone, William Ewart (1868)."
},
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "Gladstone, William Ewart (1870)."
},
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "Gladstone, William Ewart (1890)."
},
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "Gladstone, William Ewart (1890)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Ewart William Ewart Gladstone (; 29 December 1809 – 19 May 1898) was a British statesman and Liberal politician."
},
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "William Ewart Gladstone, Baron Arthur Hamilton-Gordon Stanmore (1961)."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriage and family",
"text": "They had eight children together: William Henry Gladstone MP (3 June 1840 – 4 July 1891); married Hon."
},
{
"section_header": "Second premiership (1880–1885)",
"text": "One of his other sons, Henry, was also elected as an MP."
},
{
"section_header": "Monuments and archives",
"text": "The accent on one of the recordings is North Welsh."
},
{
"section_header": "Minister under Peel (1841–1846)",
"text": "In September 1842 he lost the forefinger of his left hand in an accident while reloading a gun."
}
] |
William Ewart Gladstone had only 4 digits on one of his hands.
| 0 | 0 |
William Ewart Gladstone
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Arts",
"text": "Washington has its own native music genre called go-go; a post-funk, percussion-driven flavor of rhythm and blues that was popularized in the late 1970s by D.C. band leader Chuck Brown."
}
] |
7X1QBX4Q18OjlwqYWYnI
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "The Trewartha classification is defined as an oceanic climate (Do)."
},
{
"section_header": "Infrastructure | Transportation",
"text": "The city also operates its own DC Circulator bus system, which connects commercial areas within central Washington."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Museums",
"text": "The gallery and its collections are owned by the U.S. government but are not a part of the Smithsonian Institution."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "Other professional and semi-professional teams in Washington include: DC Defenders (XFL), Old Glory DC (Major League Rugby), the Washington Kastles (World TeamTennis); the Washington D.C. Slayers (USA Rugby League); the Baltimore Washington Eagles (U.S. Australian Football League); the D.C. Divas (Independent Women's Football League); and the Potomac Athletic Club RFC (Rugby Super League)."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Arts",
"text": "The District is an important center for indie culture and music in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "The National Park Service manages most of the 9,122 acres (36.92 km2) of city land owned by the U.S. government."
},
{
"section_header": "Cityscape",
"text": "Washington hosts 177 foreign embassies, constituting approximately 297 buildings beyond the more than 1,600 residential properties owned by foreign countries, many of which are on a section of Massachusetts Avenue informally known as Embassy Row."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Arts",
"text": "Washington has its own native music genre called go-go; a post-funk, percussion-driven flavor of rhythm and blues that was popularized in the late 1970s by D.C. band leader Chuck Brown."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Arts",
"text": "Modern alternative and indie music venues like The Black Cat and the 9:30 Club bring popular acts to the U Street area."
},
{
"section_header": "Infrastructure | Transportation",
"text": "An expected 32% increase in transit usage within the District by 2030 has spurred the construction of a new DC Streetcar system to interconnect the city's neighborhoods."
}
] |
Washington, D.C. has it's own music classification.
| 1 | 5 |
Washington, D.C.
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early political career | Tennessee state legislator",
"text": "By the time the legislature adjourned its session in September 1822, Polk was determined to be a candidate for the Tennessee House of Representatives."
}
] |
7XWQob1MFQLKt3rUqa3a
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early political career | Tennessee state legislator",
"text": "When the Tennessee Legislature deadlocked on whom to elect as U.S. senator in 1823 (until 1913, legislators, not the people, elected senators), Jackson's name was placed in nomination."
},
{
"section_header": "Early political career | Tennessee state legislator",
"text": "By the time the legislature adjourned its session in September 1822, Polk was determined to be a candidate for the Tennessee House of Representatives."
},
{
"section_header": "Early political career | Tennessee state legislator",
"text": "Educated far better than most women of her time, especially in frontier Tennessee, Sarah Polk was from one of the state's most prominent families."
},
{
"section_header": "Early political career | Tennessee state legislator",
"text": "Polk, through much of his political career, was known as \"Young Hickory\", based on the nickname for Jackson, \"Old Hickory\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early political career | Tennessee state legislator",
"text": "Polk's political career was as dependent on Jackson as his nickname implied."
},
{
"section_header": "Early political career | Tennessee state legislator",
"text": "Already involved locally as a member of the Masons, he was commissioned in the Tennessee militia as a captain in the cavalry regiment of the 5th Brigade."
},
{
"section_header": "Early political career | Tennessee state legislator",
"text": "This boosted Jackson's presidential chances by giving him recent political experience to match his military accomplishments."
},
{
"section_header": "Early political career | Tennessee state legislator",
"text": "During James's political career Sarah assisted her husband with his speeches, gave him advice on policy matters, and played an active role in his campaigns."
},
{
"section_header": "Early political career | Governor of Tennessee",
"text": "Polk returned to a Tennessee afire for White and Whiggism; the state had changed greatly in its political loyalties since the days of Jacksonian domination."
},
{
"section_header": "Early political career | Ways and Means chair and Speaker of the House",
"text": "Jackson called in political debts to try to get Polk elected Speaker at the start of the next Congress in December 1835, assuring Polk in a letter he meant him to burn that New England would support him for Speaker."
}
] |
Polk got his start in politics as a legislator for Tennessee.
| 1 | 4 |
James K. Polk
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "Tokyo was originally known as Edo (江戸), a kanji compound of 江 (e, \"cove, inlet\") and 戸 (to, \"entrance, gate, door\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tokyo Tokyo (; Japanese: 東京, Tōkyō [toːkʲoː] (listen)), officially Tokyo Metropolis (東京都, Tōkyō-to), is the capital and most populous prefecture of Japan."
}
] |
7XziKjSVjnF9rWztaIJi
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Pre-1869 (Edo period)",
"text": "But Edo was Tokugawa's home and was not capital of Japan. (That was caused by the Meiji Restoration in 1868.) The Emperor himself lived in Kyoto from 794 to 1868 as capital of Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1943–present",
"text": "Since then, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government served as both the prefecture government for Tokyo, as well as administering the special wards of Tokyo, for what had previously been Tokyo City."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1869–1943",
"text": "Gallery In 1869, the 17-year-old Emperor Meiji moved to Edo, and in accordance, the city was renamed Tokyo (meaning Eastern Capital)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Following the end of the shogunate in 1868, the imperial capital in Kyoto was moved to the city, which was renamed Tokyo (literally \"eastern capital\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography and government | Special wards",
"text": "It is often called the \"political center\" of the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tokyo Tokyo (; Japanese: 東京, Tōkyō [toːkʲoː] (listen)), officially Tokyo Metropolis (東京都, Tōkyō-to), is the capital and most populous prefecture of Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "During the Meiji Restoration in 1868, the name of the city was changed to Tokyo (東京, from 東 tō \"east\", and 京 kyō \"capital\") when it became the new imperial capital, in line with the East Asian tradition of including the word capital (京) in the name of the capital city (like Kyoto (京都), Beijing (北京) and Nanjing (南京))."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Pre-1869 (Edo period)",
"text": "During the subsequent Edo period, Edo grew into one of the largest cities in the world with a population topping one million by the 18th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "During the early Meiji period, the city was sometimes called \"Tōkei\", an alternative pronunciation for the same characters representing \"Tokyo\", making it a kanji homograph."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Pre-1869 (Edo period)",
"text": "During the Edo era, the city enjoyed a prolonged period of peace known as the Pax Tokugawa, and in the presence of such peace, Edo adopted a stringent policy of seclusion, which helped to perpetuate the lack of any serious military threat to the city."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "Tokyo was originally known as Edo (江戸), a kanji compound of 江 (e, \"cove, inlet\") and 戸 (to, \"entrance, gate, door\")."
}
] |
The city of Tokyo was called Edo previously and the capital of Japan.
| 1 | 4 |
Tokyo
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Santop was born in Tyler, Texas."
}
] |
7Y04cQC7581UhBFyh60V
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "It was a Santop original. When Ruth and Santop faced each other in 1920, Ruth went 0–4, while Santop had 3 hits in 4 at-bats."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Santop was born in Tyler, Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Santop was a match for Josh Gibson."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "In 1910, his only full season with Philadelphia, Santop and Dick Redding formed a \"kid battery\", catcher and pitcher.(Riley) An amazing .406 lifetime hitter, Santop would often hit long home runs."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "While playing for the Hilldale Club in 1918, Santop was drafted in July in Class 1-A."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "In addition to the embarrassment, Santop was berated by his manager, Frank Warfield, in a public, profanity-filled tirade."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m), 240-pound Santop was noted for his outlandishness and his confidence while playing."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "The following year, Biz Mackey took over as starting catcher, and Santop was released by the team the next season."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In another game, Santop was the recipient of a knockdown pitch from ex-New York Giant Jeff Tesreau in an exhibition game."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Louis Santop Loftin (January 17, 1890 – January 22, 1942) was an American baseball catcher in the Negro leagues."
}
] |
Santop was a Texan.
| 0 | 0 |
Louis Santop
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He died of pneumonia eight days later, a loss that Lee likened to losing his right arm."
}
] |
7Y5qDKyZklYRg9cSEdmh
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jackson was hit by friendly fire, requiring his left arm to be amputated."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Battle of Chancellorsville was a major battle of the American Civil War (1861–1865), and the principal engagement of the Chancellorsville campaign."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | May 3: Fredericksburg and Salem Church",
"text": "\"The fighting on May 3, 1863, was some of the most furious anywhere in the civil war."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Union attempts against Richmond",
"text": "In the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War, the objective of the Union had been to advance and seize the Confederate capital, Richmond, Virginia."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | May 2: Jackson's flank attack",
"text": "A few friendly-fire casualties resulted from this as the gunners were quick to shoot at anything that looked like enemy soldiers; when they got sight of a large body of Confederates drawing near, they let loose a huge cannonade that landed on and around the party that was carrying the wounded Jackson to the rear and did end up wounding A.P. Hill."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | May 2: Jackson's flank attack",
"text": "The enemy is routed. Go back and tell A.P. Hill to press right on.\" As he and his staff started to return, they were incorrectly identified as Union cavalry by men of the 18th North Carolina Infantry, who hit Jackson with friendly fire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The victory, a product of Lee's audacity and Hooker's timid decision-making, was tempered by heavy casualties, including Lt. Gen. Thomas J. \"Stonewall\" Jackson."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | May 3: Fredericksburg and Salem Church",
"text": "The loss of 21,357 men that day in the three battles, divided equally between the two armies, ranks the fighting only behind the Battle of Antietam as the bloodiest day of war in American history."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was fought from April 30 to May 6, 1863, in Spotsylvania County, Virginia, near the village of Chancellorsville."
},
{
"section_header": "Battlefield preservation",
"text": "Soon thereafter, the Civil War Trust (now a division of the American Battlefield Trust) formed the Coalition to Save Chancellorsville, a network of national and local preservation groups that waged a vocal campaign against the development."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He died of pneumonia eight days later, a loss that Lee likened to losing his right arm."
}
] |
The 1863 battle during the American Civil War near Chancellorsville resulted in the death Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson who was hit by friendly fire and died the same day.
| 0 | 0 |
Battle of Chancellorsville
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His father, Pedro \"Perucho\" Cepeda, was also a baseball player in Puerto Rico, which influenced Cepeda's interest in the sport from a young age."
}
] |
7YbiCZ50y3DP21jvOCtx
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "\" Cepeda saw his father play baseball for the first time in 1946, and was instantly interested in the game."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His father, Pedro \"Perucho\" Cepeda, was also a baseball player in Puerto Rico, which influenced Cepeda's interest in the sport from a young age."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Pedro Zorilla, then owner of the Santurce Crabbers, attended this game to scout another player, but after seeing Cepeda play, he became interested in him."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Late career",
"text": "Cepeda became the first player to sign a contract to exclusively play as a designated hitter."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | San Francisco Giants (1958–1966)",
"text": "Due to his performance, the team raised his salary to $9,500 in June."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Minor League Baseball",
"text": "He also encountered discrimination due to the racial segregation under the Jim Crow laws."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Minor League Baseball",
"text": "Shortly after this move, Zorilla called to inform him that his father was in critical condition."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | St Louis Cardinals (1966–1968)",
"text": "Bob Howsam, the team's general manager, was interested in him because the team had offensive problems."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement | Divorce, second marriage, conviction and conversion",
"text": "The couple married in 1975, fathering two children, Malcom and Ali."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He became a fan of Minnie Miñoso, following his career in the Cuban League, Negro leagues, Major League Baseball, and the Caribbean."
}
] |
Cepeda became interested in baseball due to his Father.
| 0 | 0 |
Orlando Cepeda
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In October 2019, the New York City Council voted to close down the facility by 2026."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In February 2018, a state oversight commission suggested that New York state might move to close the facility before that deadline."
}
] |
7YqYsDxXpGQVBdFckmD1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Complex and facilities",
"text": "Rikers Island is therefore not a prison by US terminology, which typically holds offenders serving longer-term sentences."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Conversion to jail",
"text": "Landfill continued to be added to the island until 1943, eventually enlarging the original 90-acre (36 ha) island to 415 acres (168 ha)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Supposedly named after Abraham Rycken, who bought the island in 1664, the island was originally under 100 acres (40 ha) in size, but has since grown to more than 400 acres (160 ha)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Historic use",
"text": "Rikers Island was subsequently used by numerous other Civil War regiments, but the name \"Camp Astor\" was specific to the Anderson Zouaves and did not become a general name for the military encampment on the island."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Historic use",
"text": "The island is thought to be named after Abraham Rycken, a Dutch settler who moved to Long Island in 1638 and whose descendants owned Rikers Island until 1884, when it was sold to the city for $180,000.The island was used as a military training ground during the Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Historic use",
"text": "The first regiment to use the Island was the 9th New York Infantry, also known as Hawkins' Zouaves, which arrived there on May 15, 1861."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Historic use",
"text": "In 1883 New York City's Commission of Charities and Corrections expressed an interest in purchasing the island for use as a work-house."
},
{
"section_header": "Complex and facilities",
"text": "For comparison, Europe's largest correctional facility, Silivri Prison in European Turkey, sits on 256 acres (104 ha) and houses 10,904 prisoners."
},
{
"section_header": "Abuse and neglect of prisoners | Solitary confinement",
"text": "On August 28, 2014, a law was passed boosting oversight of the use of solitary confinement at Rikers Island, following intense public outcry after various abuses at the prison."
},
{
"section_header": "Abuse and neglect of prisoners | Solitary confinement",
"text": "The law requires the prison to publish quarterly reports on their use of solitary confinement, but did not include provisions regarding the protection of prisoners against guard brutality or limiting the use of solitary confinement as a punishment."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In October 2019, the New York City Council voted to close down the facility by 2026."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In February 2018, a state oversight commission suggested that New York state might move to close the facility before that deadline."
}
] |
The island is no longer a prison and has not been in use since 2010
| 1 | 6 |
Rikers Island prison
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Reeves last met his father on the island of Kauai when he was 13.After his parents divorced in 1966, his mother moved the family to Sydney, Australia, and then to New York City, where she married Paul Aaron, a Broadway and Hollywood director, in 1970."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Beirut, Lebanon, Reeves grew up in Toronto."
}
] |
7ZAANDKs2PBVCPoW03eo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Keanu Charles Reeves was born in Beirut, Lebanon, on September 2, 1964, the son of Patricia (née Taylor), a costume designer and performer, and"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Beirut, Lebanon, Reeves grew up in Toronto."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Reeves last met his father on the island of Kauai when he was 13.After his parents divorced in 1966, his mother moved the family to Sydney, Australia, and then to New York City, where she married Paul Aaron, a Broadway and Hollywood director, in 1970."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Keanu Charles Reeves ( kee-AH-noo; born September 2, 1964) is a Canadian actor, musician, film producer, director, comic book writer and artist."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1999–2004: Stardom with The Matrix franchise and comedies",
"text": "Principal photography for both films was completed back-to-back, primarily at Fox Studios in Australia."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1991–1994: Breakthrough with adult roles",
"text": "To look the part, Reeves shaved all his hair off and spent two months in the gym to gain muscle mass."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although he was praised for his direction, the film was a box-office bomb."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2005–2013: Thrillers, documentaries and directorial debut",
"text": "The Sydney Morning Herald's critic noted that \"Constantine isn't bad, but it doesn't deserve any imposing adjectives."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2014–present",
"text": "His next release, the comedy Keanu, was better received."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Reeves, Keanu (texts by); Grant, Alexandra (photographs by) (2014)."
}
] |
Although born in Lebanon, Keanu spent most of his childhood in Sydney, Australia.
| 4 | 5 |
Keanu Reeves
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "In his senior year, when he was just 10 units short of graduation, Sunbeam Music Publishing offered him a 16-week job writing songs for $50 a week (equivalent to about US$423 per week, in 2019 dollars), and he dropped out of college to accept it."
}
] |
7ZR0Gz7KlP72WgX21COD
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Neil Leslie Diamond (born January 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter and actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1960s",
"text": "Columbia dropped him from their label and he went back to writing songs in and out of publishing houses for the next seven years."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "In his senior year, when he was just 10 units short of graduation, Sunbeam Music Publishing offered him a 16-week job writing songs for $50 a week (equivalent to about US$423 per week, in 2019 dollars), and he dropped out of college to accept it."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s",
"text": "\"I didn't think I could handle it,\" he said later, seeing himself as \"a fish out of water.\" For his performance, Diamond became the first-ever winner of a Worst Actor Razzie Award, even though he was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for the same role."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s",
"text": "The film's failure was due in part to Diamond never having acted professionally before."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s",
"text": "In Australia, which at the time had the most Neil Diamond fans per capita of any country, the album ranked No. 1 for 29 weeks and stayed in their top 20 bestsellers for two years."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990s",
"text": "It was used at Boston College football and basketball games."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010s",
"text": "On April 20, 2013, Diamond made an unannounced appearance at Fenway Park to sing \"Sweet Caroline\" during the 8th inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990s",
"text": "The song also came to be played during the 8th inning of every New York Mets home game."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000s",
"text": "On May 2, 2008, Sirius Satellite Radio started Neil Diamond Radio."
}
] |
The American singer-songwriter and actor Neil Diamond dropped out of college to write professionally in his sophomore year.
| 0 | 0 |
Neil Diamond
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The Beast\", was an American professional baseball first baseman who played 20 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Philadelphia Athletics, Boston Red Sox, Chicago Cubs, and Philadelphia Phillies."
}
] |
7ZRVriRf5REnnSDgv7wc
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Jimmie Foxx did well in school but excelled in sports, particularly soccer, track, and baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "He played all three sports at Sudlersville High School."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 1999, he ranked number 15 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was a nominee for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Dell Foxx had played baseball for a town team when he was younger."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Chicago Cubs and Philadelphia Phillies",
"text": "He compiled a 1–0 record and 1.59 ERA over 222⁄3 innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Foxx had hoped to pitch or play third base, but since the team was short on catchers, Foxx moved behind the plate."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Philadelphia Athletics",
"text": "Boston Red Sox first baseman Dale Alexander hit .367, but in just 454 plate appearances; he would not have won the batting title under current rules, which are based upon 3.1 plate appearances per team games played."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Tom Hanks' character Jimmy Dugan in the movie"
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Chicago Cubs and Philadelphia Phillies",
"text": "He split the 1942 season between the Red Sox and Chicago Cubs, playing mostly a reserve role."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-baseball career",
"text": "His son, Jimmie Foxx, Jr., was an outstanding football player at Lakewood High School and at Kent State University."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The Beast\", was an American professional baseball first baseman who played 20 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Philadelphia Athletics, Boston Red Sox, Chicago Cubs, and Philadelphia Phillies."
}
] |
Jimmie Fox was not an excellent student but did do well in sports and played for multiple major league teams.
| 2 | 4 |
Jimmie Foxx
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Songs of Experience",
"text": "The poems are each listed below: Songs of Experience is a poetry collection of 26 poems forming the second part of William Blake's Songs of Innocence and of Experience."
}
] |
7ZnJTViSDJ7UF0FgbTkZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Songs of Experience",
"text": "The poems were published in 1794 (see 1794 in poetry)."
},
{
"section_header": "Songs of Experience",
"text": "The poems are each listed below: Songs of Experience is a poetry collection of 26 poems forming the second part of William Blake's Songs of Innocence and of Experience."
},
{
"section_header": "Facsimile editions",
"text": "Tate Publishing, in collaboration with The William Blake Trust, produced a folio edition containing all of the songs of Innocence and Experience in 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Facsimile editions",
"text": "The Huntington Library and Art Gallery in San Marino, California, published a small facsimile edition in 1975 that included sixteen plates reproduced from two copies of Songs of Innocence and of Experience in their collection, with an introduction by James Thorpe."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Songs of Innocence and of Experience is a collection of illustrated poems by William Blake."
},
{
"section_header": "Songs of Experience",
"text": "Some of the poems, such as \"The Little Girl Lost\" and \"The Little Girl Found\", were moved by Blake to Songs of Innocence and were frequently moved between the two books."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical settings",
"text": "The folk musician Greg Brown recorded sixteen of the poems on his 1987 album Songs of Innocence and of Experience and by Finn Coren in his Blake Project."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It appeared in two phases: a few first copies were printed and illuminated by Blake himself in 1789; five years later he bound these poems with a set of new poems in a volume titled Songs of Innocence and of Experience Shewing the Two Contrary States of the Human Soul."
},
{
"section_header": "Songs of Innocence",
"text": "It is a conceptual collection of 19 poems, engraved with artwork."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical settings",
"text": "24\", a setting of five poems from Songs of Innocence for solo voice and piano in 2013."
}
] |
Songs of Experience is a section of the 2nd round of poems published by the author.
| 1 | 4 |
Songs of Experience
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was directed by Gorō Taniguchi and written by Ichirō Ōkouchi, with original character designs by Clamp."
}
] |
7ZrbkiJpZvs2D88fIgHO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "This was the first time Clamp had ever been requested to design the characters of an anime series."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was directed by Gorō Taniguchi and written by Ichirō Ōkouchi, with original character designs by Clamp."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "While developing the character designs for Lelouch, the protagonist of the series, Clamp had originally conceived of his hair color as being white."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Clamp's finalized original character design art, illustrated by its lead artist Mokona, was subsequently converted into animation character designs for the series by Sunrise's character designer Takahiro Kimura, who had previously spent \"every day\" analyzing Clamp's art and style from their artbooks and manga series."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "In working on the animation character designs, he focused on designing them so as to enable the series' other animators to apply them without deviating from Clamp's original art style."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "They had wanted to create a \"hit show,\" a series which would appeal to \"everyone.\" Lelouch's alter ego, Zero, was one of the earliest developed characters, with Ōkouchi having wanted a mask to be included as a part of the series, feeling it was necessary for it to be a Sunrise show, and Clamp wanting a unique design never prior seen in any Sunrise series ("
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Ageha Ohkawa, head writer at Clamp, said she had visualized him as being a character to which \"everyone\" could relate to as being \"cool\", literally, a \"beauty\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Clamp signed onto the project early during these development stages and provided numerous ideas, which helped develop the series' setting and characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "During these planning stages, Clamp and the Sunrise staff had discussed a number of possible inspirations for the characters, including KinKi Kids and Tackey & Tsubasa."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion (Japanese: コードギアス 反逆のルルーシュ,"
}
] |
Code Geass character designs were by Clamp.
| 0 | 0 |
Code Geass
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He later called for the commission that investigated the origins of baseball and credited Abner Doubleday with creating the game."
}
] |
7aK35EI031VQBMyKUY0q
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Player",
"text": "People had used gloves previously, but they were not popular, and Spalding himself was skeptical of wearing one at first."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Spalding set a trend when he started wearing a baseball glove."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He later called for the commission that investigated the origins of baseball and credited Abner Doubleday with creating the game."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Player",
"text": "However, once he began donning gloves, he influenced other players to do so."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Player",
"text": "In 1876, Spalding won 47 games as the prime pitcher for the White Stockings and led them to win the first-ever National League pennant by a wide margin."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Player",
"text": "In 1877, Spalding began to use a glove to protect his catching hand."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Organizer and executive",
"text": "After three years of searching, on December 30, 1907, Spalding received a letter that (erroneously) declared baseball to be the invention of Abner Doubleday."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame by the Veterans Committee in 1939, as one of the first inductees from the 19th century at that summer's opening ceremonies."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Player",
"text": "Following the formation of baseball's first professional organization, the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players (which became known as the National Association, the Association, or NA) in 1871, Spalding joined the Boston Red Stockings (precursor club to the modern Atlanta Braves) and was highly successful; winning 206 games (and losing only 53) as a pitcher and batting .323 as a hitter."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Tour",
"text": "The league lasted one year, partially due to the anti-competitive tactics of Spalding to limit its success."
}
] |
Al Spalding was given credit as one of the first baseball players to wear a glove and also as the person who invented the game of baseball.
| 0 | 1 |
Al Spalding
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The film received rave reviews and was a box office smash in 1973–74, taking in more than US$160 million ($800 million today)."
}
] |
7aiLeDz5wiJGaYJdioOM
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Roger Ebert gave the film a perfect four out of four stars and called it \"one of the most stylish movies of the year.\" Gene Siskel awarded three-and-a-half stars out of four, calling it \"a movie movie that has obviously been made with loving care each and every step of the way.\" Vincent Canby of The New York Times wrote that the film was \"so good-natured, so obviously aware of everything it's up to, even its own picturesque frauds, that I opt to go along with it."
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "Joplin's music was no longer popular by the 1930s, although its use in The Sting evokes the 1930s gangster movie, The Public Enemy, which featured Joplin's music."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "\" She also noted that \"the absence of women really is felt as a lack in this movie.\" John Simon wrote The Sting as a comedy-thriller- \"works endearingly without a hitch\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "Inspired by Schuller's recording, the producer of the movie"
},
{
"section_header": "Home media",
"text": "The movie was issued on DVD by Columbia TriStar Home Entertainment in 2000."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Principal photography",
"text": "Hill decided that the film would be reminiscent of movies from the 1930s and watched films from that decade for inspiration."
},
{
"section_header": "Home media",
"text": "Its \"making of\" featurette, The Art of the Sting, included interviews with cast and crew."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The night before the sting, Hooker sleeps with Loretta, a waitress from a local restaurant."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage adaptation",
"text": "Mark Hollmann and Greg Kotis (music and lyrics), writer Bob Martin, and director John Rando created a stage musical version of the movie."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "Newman needed a hit considering his last five films that he had made prior to The Sting had been box-office disappointments."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The film received rave reviews and was a box office smash in 1973–74, taking in more than US$160 million ($800 million today)."
}
] |
The Sting movie was loved by critics.
| 1 | 2 |
The Sting
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Old St. Peter's Basilica dates from the 4th century AD."
}
] |
7cDssKJ14h9waNVraLyO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Old St. Peter's Basilica",
"text": "This church had been built over the small shrine believed to mark the burial place of St. Peter, though the tomb was \"smashed\" in 846 AD."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Old St. Peter's Basilica",
"text": "Old St. Peter's Basilica has been used for its predecessor to distinguish the two buildings."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Old St. Peter's Basilica",
"text": "Old St. Peter's Basilica was the 4th-century church begun by the Emperor Constantine"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Old St. Peter's Basilica dates from the 4th century AD."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Old St. Peter's Basilica",
"text": "the Great between 319 and 333 AD."
},
{
"section_header": "Status",
"text": "The rank of major basilica confers on St. Peter's Basilica precedence before all minor basilicas worldwide."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Saint Peter's burial site",
"text": "The area now covered by the Vatican City had been a cemetery for some years before the Circus of Nero was built."
},
{
"section_header": "St. Peter's Piazza",
"text": "The approach to the square used to be through a jumble of old buildings, which added an element of surprise to the vista that opened up upon passing through the colonnade."
},
{
"section_header": "St. Peter's Piazza",
"text": "Nowadays a long wide street, the Via della Conciliazione, built by Mussolini after the conclusion of the Lateran Treaties, leads from the River Tiber to the piazza and gives distant views of St. Peter's as the visitor approaches, with the basilica acting as a terminating vista."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Old St. Peter's Basilica",
"text": "Since the construction of the current basilica, the name"
}
] |
Old St. Peter's Basilica was built before the 501 AD.
| 0 | 0 |
St. Peter's Basilica
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Battle | Battle begins",
"text": "The battle began at about 8 a.m. with the first allied lines attacking the village of Telnitz, which was defended by the 3rd Line Regiment."
}
] |
7cFwgqLI2ZYHw6jGxdYf
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Battle | Battlefield",
"text": "The battle took place about ten kilometres (six miles) southeast of the town of Brno, between that town and Austerlitz (Czech: Slavkov u Brna) in what is now the Czech Republic."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The battle occurred near the town of Austerlitz in the Austrian Empire (modern-day Slavkov u Brna in the Czech Republic)."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Battle begins",
"text": "The battle began at about 8 a.m. with the first allied lines attacking the village of Telnitz, which was defended by the 3rd Line Regiment."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical views",
"text": "A French army at the end of her supply lines, in a place which had no food supplies, might have faced a very different ending from the one they achieved at the real battle of Austerlitz."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Battle begins",
"text": "The first men of Davout's corps arrived at this time and threw the Allies out of Telnitz before they too were attacked by hussars and re-abandoned the town."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Critically, victory at Austerlitz permitted the creation of the Confederation of the Rhine, a collection of German states intended as a buffer zone between France and Central Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Battle begins",
"text": "This sector of the battlefield witnessed heavy fighting in this early action as several ferocious Allied charges evicted the French from the town and forced them onto the other side of the Goldbach."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Battle of Austerlitz (2 December 1805/11"
},
{
"section_header": "Military and political results",
"text": "Tsar Alexander perhaps best summed up the harsh times for the Allies by stating, \"We are babies in the hands of a giant.\" After hearing the news of Austerlitz, William Pitt referred to a map of Europe, \"Roll up that map; it will not be wanted these ten years."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pressburg took Austria out of both the war and the Coalition while reinforcing the earlier treaties of Campo Formio and of Lunéville between the two powers."
}
] |
The Battle of Austerlitz took place about ten kilometres (six miles) southeast of the town of Brno, between that town and Austerlitz (Czech: Slavkov u Brna) in what is now the Czech Republic, and began about 8 a.m.
| 0 | 0 |
Battle of Austerlitz
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "When career advancement proved difficult in that trade, he began to play professional baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Born in Harvel, Illinois to German immigrant parents, Schalk grew up in Litchfield, Illinois."
}
] |
7cVlv1nkOpNiOKneeiLq
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Raymond William Schalk (August 12, 1892 – May 19, 1970) was an American professional baseball player, coach, manager and scout."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "When career advancement proved difficult in that trade, he began to play professional baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "Before Schalk, most catchers were large and slow of foot."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "He then had a salary disagreement with team owner Charles Comiskey, and left the White Sox to become a player-coach with the New York Giants in 1929, but appeared in only five games before retiring as a player at the age of 36."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "He was assistant baseball coach at Purdue University for 18 years before retiring from baseball at 72."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "He finished third in voting for the 1922 American League's Most Valuable Player Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "Schalk made his major league debut the day before his twentieth birthday on August 11, 1912."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "On a hit and run play, the Browns' Ray Demmitt ran past second base as Shoeless Joe Jackson made a catch in deep left field off the bat of Joe Gedeon."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "The White Sox lost the series five games to three, and eight of their players were banned for life from major league baseball as complicit in the scandal, but not Schalk."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "Despite the White Sox's sixth-place finish, he ranked sixth in voting for the 1914 American League Most Valuable Player Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Born in Harvel, Illinois to German immigrant parents, Schalk grew up in Litchfield, Illinois."
}
] |
American baseball player Ray Schalk was a miner before he played baseball professionally.
| 0 | 0 |
Ray Schalk
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born and raised in Texas, Spacek initially aspired to a career as a singer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mary Elizabeth \"Sissy\" Spacek (; born December 25, 1949) is an American actress and singer."
}
] |
7cdvysiyutfdHNTUKesK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s and beginning of acting career",
"text": "Spacek initially aspired to a career in singing."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s and Oscar win",
"text": "\" Spacek also was nominated for a Grammy Award for her singing on the film's soundtrack album."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s and beginning of acting career",
"text": "Sissy Spacek uses her freckled pallor and whitish eyelashes to suggest a squashed, groggy girl who could go in any direction; at times, she seems unborn – a fetus."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s and Oscar win",
"text": "She sings the songs herself, nicely, and she has mastered the Appalachian accent."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s and beginning of acting career",
"text": "Spacek's performance was widely praised, and Pauline Kael of The New Yorker wrote, \"Though few actresses have distinguished themselves in gothics, Sissy Spacek, who is onscreen almost continuously, gives a classic chameleon performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s and Oscar win",
"text": "Film critic Roger Ebert has credited the movie's success \"to the performance by Sissy Spacek as Loretta Lynn."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s and beginning of acting career",
"text": "I don't see how this performance could be any better; she's touching, like Elizabeth Hartman in one of her victim roles, but she's also unearthly – a changeling."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s and Oscar win",
"text": "In the film, both she and Beverly D'Angelo, who played Patsy Cline, performed their own singing."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s and beginning of acting career",
"text": "A review in The New York Times wrote \"In this film Miss Spacek adds a new dimension of eeriness to the waif she played so effectively in Carrie.\" Altman was deeply impressed by her performance: \"She's remarkable, one of the top actresses I've ever worked with."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mary Elizabeth \"Sissy\" Spacek (; born December 25, 1949) is an American actress and singer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born and raised in Texas, Spacek initially aspired to a career as a singer."
}
] |
Prior to acting, Sissy Spacek embarked on a singing career.
| 0 | 0 |
Sissy Spacek
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Discovery",
"text": "Because supernovae are relatively rare events within a galaxy, occurring about three times a century in the Milky Way, obtaining a good sample of supernovae to study requires regular monitoring of many galaxies."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Observations of supernovae in other galaxies suggest they occur in the Milky Way on average about three times every century."
}
] |
7dbbHO20WyaI1HD6T281
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Current models | Progenitor",
"text": "The occurrence of each type of supernova depends dramatically on the metallicity, and hence the age of the host galaxy."
},
{
"section_header": "Current models | Light curves",
"text": "Average characteristics vary somewhat with distance and type of host galaxy, but can broadly be specified for each supernova type."
},
{
"section_header": "Current models | Light curves",
"text": "produces gamma-ray photons, primarily of 847keV and 1238keV, that are absorbed and dominate the heating and thus the luminosity of the ejecta at intermediate times (several weeks) to late times (several months)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Observations of supernovae in other galaxies suggest they occur in the Milky Way on average about three times every century."
},
{
"section_header": "Current models | Core collapse",
"text": "These thermal neutrinos are several times more abundant than the electron-capture neutrinos."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The peak optical luminosity of a supernova can be comparable to that of an entire galaxy before fading over several weeks or months."
},
{
"section_header": "Observation history",
"text": "When taking several photographs of galaxy NGC 613, Buso chanced upon a supernova that had just become visible on Earth."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification",
"text": "In each of these two types there are subdivisions according to the presence of lines from other elements or the shape of the light curve (a graph of the supernova's apparent magnitude as a function of time)."
},
{
"section_header": "Discovery",
"text": "Because supernovae are relatively rare events within a galaxy, occurring about three times a century in the Milky Way, obtaining a good sample of supernovae to study requires regular monitoring of many galaxies."
},
{
"section_header": "Current models | Progenitor",
"text": "Until just a few decades ago, hot supergiants were not considered likely to explode, but observations have shown otherwise."
}
] |
Supernovas happen several times each decade in our galaxy.
| 0 | 0 |
Supernova
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Brand and reputation",
"text": "IBM is nicknamed Big Blue in part due to its blue logo and color scheme, and also partially since IBM once had a de facto dress code of white shirts with blue suits."
}
] |
7eG6ssHsSWrRNCpPtv1h
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "People and culture | Employees",
"text": "IBM has one of the largest workforces in the world, and employees at Big Blue are referred to as \"IBMers\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services",
"text": "alphaWorks is IBM's source for emerging software technologies, and SPSS is a software package used for statistical analysis."
},
{
"section_header": "People and culture | Employees",
"text": "In Japan, IBM employees also have an American football team complete with pro stadium, cheerleaders and televised games, competing in the Japanese X-League as the \"Big Blue\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services",
"text": "IBM's Kenexa suite provides employment and retention solutions, and includes the BrassRing, an applicant tracking system used by thousands of companies for recruiting."
},
{
"section_header": "Brand and reputation",
"text": "IBM is nicknamed Big Blue in part due to its blue logo and color scheme, and also partially since IBM once had a de facto dress code of white shirts with blue suits."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "software company SPSS Inc. Later in 2009, IBM's Blue Gene supercomputing program was awarded the National Medal of Technology and Innovation by U.S. President Barack Obama."
},
{
"section_header": "People and culture | Employees",
"text": "During IBM's management transformation in the 1990s, CEO Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. relaxed these codes, normalizing the dress and behavior of IBM employees."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Having learned Patterson's pioneering business practices, Watson proceeded to put the stamp of NCR onto CTR's companies."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services",
"text": "Hardware designed by IBM for these categories include IBM's POWER microprocessors, which are employed inside many console gaming systems, including Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, and Nintendo's Wii U. IBM Secure Blue is encryption hardware that can be built into microprocessors, and in 2014, the company revealed TrueNorth, a neuromorphic CMOS integrated circuit and announced a $3 billion investment over the following five years to design a neural chip that mimics the human brain, with 10 billion neurons and 100 trillion synapses, but that uses just 1 kilowatt of power."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicknamed Big Blue, IBM is one of 30 companies included in the Dow Jones Industrial Average and one of the world's largest employers, with (as of 2018) over 352,600 employees, known as \"IBMers\"."
}
] |
IBM employees used to have to wear blue hairnets when they were at IBM's factories.
| 0 | 0 |
IBM
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Barcelona ( BAR-sə-LOH-nə, Catalan: [bəɾsəˈlonə], Spanish: [baɾθeˈlona]) is a city on the coast of northeastern Spain."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain."
}
] |
7ecv3VvzNFACY8rKw6bk
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Medieval Barcelona",
"text": "After being conquered by the Arabs in the early 8th century, it was conquered in 801 by Charlemagne's son Louis, who made Barcelona the seat of the Carolingian \"Hispanic March\" (Marca Hispanica), a buffer zone ruled by the Count of Barcelona."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Medieval Barcelona",
"text": "The city was conquered by the Visigoths in the early 5th century, becoming for a few years the capital of all Hispania."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Medieval Barcelona",
"text": "His territories were later to be known as the Crown of Aragon, which conquered many overseas possessions and ruled the western Mediterranean Sea with outlying territories in Naples and Sicily and as far as Athens in the 13th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Migration",
"text": "In 2016 about 59% of the inhabitants of the city were born in Catalonia and 18.5% coming from the rest of the country."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Medieval Barcelona",
"text": "Barcelona was the leading slave trade centre of the Crown of Aragon up until the 15th century, when it was eclipsed by Valencia."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Barcelona under the Spanish monarchy",
"text": "In the 18th century, a fortress was built at Montjuïc that overlooked the harbour."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable people",
"text": "Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, 8th Duke of Alburquerque (1619–1676), military officer, viceroy of New Spain and viceroy of Sicily Estanislao Figueras (1819–1882), lawyer and politician, 1st President of the First Spanish Republic"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Late twentieth century",
"text": "In 1992, Barcelona hosted the Summer Olympics."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Late twentieth century",
"text": "Perhaps more importantly, the outside perception of the city was changed making, by 2012, Barcelona the 12th most popular city destination in the world and the 5th amongst European cities."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and administrative divisions | Districts",
"text": "Sant Andreu Sant Andreu Sant MartíThe districts are based mostly on historical divisions, and several are former towns annexed by the city of Barcelona in the 18th and 19th centuries that still maintain their own distinct character."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Barcelona ( BAR-sə-LOH-nə, Catalan: [bəɾsəˈlonə], Spanish: [baɾθeˈlona]) is a city on the coast of northeastern Spain."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain."
}
] |
The country of Barcelona was conquered in the 8th century by Arabs.
| 0 | 0 |
Barcelona
|
Popular Culture
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It stars Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence, with Robert De Niro, Jacki Weaver, Chris Tucker, Anupam Kher, and Julia Stiles in supporting roles."
}
] |
7fTO9ADXN6kdSwTXiRCg
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film was based on Matthew Quick’s 2008 novel The Silver Linings Playbook."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Silver Linings Playbook premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and was critically acclaimed."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The Globe and Mail's chief film critic, Liam Lacey, gave three out of four stars, but wrote \"you can easily see Silver Linings Playbook as a better-acted version of any number of Sundance-style films about quirky outsiders who find a common bond."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Silver Linings Playbook is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by David O. Russell."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Silver Linings Playbook premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8, 2012, and was released in the United States on November 16, 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "The Weinstein Company initially planned an unusually wide release for Silver Linings Playbook, going nationwide on an estimated 2,000 screens."
},
{
"section_header": "Home media",
"text": "Silver Linings Playbook was released on DVD and Blu-ray on April 1, 2013 in the UK and was released on April 30, 2013 in the US."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Soundtrack",
"text": "Silver Linings Playbook: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is a soundtrack to the film of the same name, released in the United States by Sony Music Entertainment on November 16, 2012 for digital download."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The website's critical consensus reads, \"Silver Linings Playbook walks a tricky thematic tightrope, but David O. Russell's sensitive direction and some sharp work from a talented cast gives it true balance."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "But Pat tells him that he has a new outlook on life: he attempts to see the good, or silver linings, in all that he experiences."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It stars Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence, with Robert De Niro, Jacki Weaver, Chris Tucker, Anupam Kher, and Julia Stiles in supporting roles."
}
] |
Silver Linings Playbook is a film that stars Brad Pitt.
| 4 | 7 |
Silver Linings Playbook
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway, with whom he had three children: Susanna and twins Hamnet and Judith."
}
] |
7gZSic6pP0vOxjLXAsOL
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Later years and death",
"text": "The Quineys had three children, all of whom died without marrying."
},
{
"section_header": "Speculation about Shakespeare | Sexuality",
"text": "Susanna, the first of their three children, was born six months later on 26 May 1583."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway, with whom he had three children: Susanna and twins Hamnet and Judith."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "\"Shakespeare influenced novelists such as Thomas Hardy, William Faulkner, and Charles Dickens."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "He was the third of eight children, and the eldest surviving son."
},
{
"section_header": "Speculation about Shakespeare | Religion",
"text": "Shakespeare's will uses a Protestant formula, and he was a confirmed member of the Church of England, where he was married, his children were baptised, and where he is buried."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "William Shakespeare was the son of John Shakespeare, an alderman and a successful glover (glove-maker) originally from Snitterfield, and Mary Arden, the daughter of an affluent landowning farmer."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "Some 20th-century scholars suggested that Shakespeare may have been employed as a schoolmaster by Alexander Hoghton of Lancashire, a Catholic landowner who named a certain \"William Shakeshafte\" in his will."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "The Swiss Romantic artist Henry Fuseli, a friend of William Blake, even translated Macbeth into German."
},
{
"section_header": "Plays",
"text": "The first recorded works of Shakespeare are Richard III and the three parts of Henry VI, written in the early 1590s during a vogue for historical drama."
}
] |
William Shakespeare had three children.
| 0 | 0 |
William Shakespeare
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In October 1861, Chapman and Hall published the novel in three volumes."
}
] |
7gfAlTd4W2dKx5jWUkLa
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Novels influenced by Great Expectations",
"text": "In May 2015, Udon Entertainment's Manga Classics line published a manga adaptation of Great Expectations."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In October 1861, Chapman and Hall published the novel in three volumes."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history | Editions",
"text": "Chapman and Hall published the first edition in three volumes in 1861, five subsequent reprints between 6 July and 30 October, and a one-volume edition in 1862."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history | Editions",
"text": "The novel was published with one ending, visible in the four on line editions listed in the External links at the end of this article."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "The narrative structure of Great Expectations is influenced by the fact that it was first published as weekly episodes in a periodical."
},
{
"section_header": "The creative process | Publication in All the Year Round",
"text": "The magazine continued to publish Lever's novel until its completion on 23 March 1861, but it became secondary to Great Expectations."
},
{
"section_header": "Novels influenced by Great Expectations",
"text": "The winner of the 2007 Commonwealth Writers' Prize, Lloyd Jones's novel is set in a village on the Papua New Guinea island of Bougainville during a brutal civil war there in the 1990s, where the young protagonist's life is impacted in a major way by her reading of Great Expectations."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history | Editions",
"text": "Robert L Patten identifies four American editions in 1861 and sees the proliferation of publications in Europe and across the Atlantic as \"extraordinary testimony\" to Great Expectations's popularity."
},
{
"section_header": "Novels influenced by Great Expectations",
"text": "Sue Roe's Estella: Her Expectations (1982), for example explores the inner life of an Estella fascinated with a Havisham figure."
},
{
"section_header": "Genre | Historical novel",
"text": "Though Great Expectations is not obviously a historical novel"
}
] |
Great expectations was published in four volumes.
| 0 | 0 |
Great Expectations
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Conquest and colonial period",
"text": "The Incas considered their King, the Sapa Inca, to be the \"child of the sun.\" Atahualpa (also Atahuallpa), the last Sapa Inca, became emperor when he defeated and executed his older half-brother Huáscar in a civil war sparked by the death of their father, Inca Huayna Capac."
}
] |
7gwVqG76Atau9sErrdyq
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ranging from the Norte Chico civilization starting in 3500 BC, the oldest civilization in the Americas and one of the five cradles of civilization, to the Inca Empire, the largest state in pre-Columbian America, the territory now including Peru has one of the longest histories of civilization of any country, tracing its heritage back to the 4th millennia BCE."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Independence",
"text": "The economic crises, the loss of power of Spain in Europe, the war of independence in North America and native uprisings all contributed to a favorable climate to the development of emancipating ideas among the Criollo population in South America."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Population",
"text": "With about 31.2 million inhabitants, Peru is the fourth most populous country in South America."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "The largest lake in Peru, Lake Titicaca between Peru and Bolivia high in the Andes, is also the largest of South America."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Military and law enforcement",
"text": "Peru has the fourth largest military in South America."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Prehistory and Pre-Columbian Peru",
"text": "The oldest known complex society in Peru, the Norte Chico civilization, flourished along the coast of the Pacific Ocean between 3,000 and 1,800 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At 1.28 million km2 (0.5 million mi2), Peru is the 19th largest country in the world, and the third largest in South America."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Conquest and colonial period",
"text": "These movements led to the formation of the majority of modern-day countries of South America in the territories that at one point or another had constituted the Viceroyalty of Peru."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Peru is located on the central western coast of South America facing the Pacific Ocean."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Independence",
"text": "Because Peru was the stronghold of the Spanish government in South America, San Martin's strategy to liberate Peru was to use diplomacy."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Conquest and colonial period",
"text": "The Incas considered their King, the Sapa Inca, to be the \"child of the sun.\" Atahualpa (also Atahuallpa), the last Sapa Inca, became emperor when he defeated and executed his older half-brother Huáscar in a civil war sparked by the death of their father, Inca Huayna Capac."
}
] |
Peru, a country in South America, had the oldest civilization in the Americas and thought their Incan king was the "child of the moon" when Spain encountered the native civilization.
| 0 | 0 |
Peru
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Inspiration for the poem",
"text": "The poem may have been inspired by James Cook's second voyage of exploration (1772–1775) of the South Seas and the Pacific Ocean; Coleridge's tutor, William Wales, was the astronomer on Cook's flagship and had a strong relationship with Cook."
}
] |
7h2D3kyaa85XSDUb3Q2c
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (originally The Rime of the Ancyent Marinere) is the longest major poem by the English poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge, written in 1797–98 and published in 1798 in the first edition of Lyrical Ballads."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "The Iron Maiden song \"Rime of the Ancient Mariner\" from their fifth studio album Powerslave (1984) was inspired by and based on the poem, and quotes the poem in its lyrics."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner relates the experiences of a sailor who has returned from a long sea voyage."
},
{
"section_header": "Inspiration for the poem",
"text": "Bernard Martin argues in The Ancient Mariner and the Authentic Narrative that Coleridge was also influenced by the life of Anglican clergyman John Newton, who had a near-death experience aboard a slave ship."
},
{
"section_header": "Inspiration for the poem",
"text": "The poem may have been inspired by James Cook's second voyage of exploration (1772–1775) of the South Seas and the Pacific Ocean; Coleridge's tutor, William Wales, was the astronomer on Cook's flagship and had a strong relationship with Cook."
},
{
"section_header": "Coleridge's comments",
"text": "In Table Talk, Coleridge wrote: Mrs Barbauld once told me that she admired The Ancient Mariner very much, but that there were two faults in it"
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations",
"text": "On a surface level the poem explores a violation of nature and the resulting psychological effects on the mariner and on all those who hear him."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations",
"text": "\"George Whalley, in his 1946–47 essay, \"The Mariner and the Albatross\", suggests that the Ancient Mariner is an autobiographical portrait of Coleridge himself, comparing the mariner's loneliness with Coleridge's own feelings of loneliness expressed in his letters and journals."
},
{
"section_header": "Inspiration for the poem",
"text": "According to William Wordsworth, the poem was inspired while Coleridge, Wordsworth, and Wordsworth's sister Dorothy were on a walking tour through the Quantock Hills in Somerset."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "the main character says \"It was like being tapped by Coleridge’s Ancient Mariner, who stoppeth one of three\"."
}
] |
A real-life explorer was possibly the inspiration of The Rime of the Ancient Mariner by Samuel Coleridge.
| 2 | 7 |
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel may have been inspired by the story of Robert Blincoe, an orphan whose account of working as a child labourer in a cotton mill was widely read in the 1830s."
}
] |
7h8UoMo1KhZwJ6bCc7vj
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story centres on orphan Oliver Twist, born in a workhouse and sold into apprenticeship with an undertaker."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, television and theatrical adaptations | Film",
"text": "Oliver & Company, a 1988 Disney full-length animated feature inspired by the story of Oliver Twist."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Mystery of a man called \"Monks\"",
"text": "Fagin angrily passes the information on to Sikes, twisting the story to make it sound as if Nancy had informed on him, when she had not."
},
{
"section_header": "Allegations of antisemitism",
"text": "\" Dickens (who had extensive knowledge of London street life and child exploitation) explained that he had made Fagin Jewish because \"it unfortunately was true, of the time to which the story refers, that that class of criminal almost invariably was a Jew.\" Dickens commented that by calling Fagin a Jew he had meant no imputation against the Jewish faith, saying in a letter, \"I have no feeling towards the Jews but a friendly one."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes and symbols | Poverty and social class",
"text": "The 2005 film Oliver Twist adaptation of the novel dispenses with the paradox of Oliver's genteel origins by eliminating his origin story completely, making him just another anonymous orphan like the rest of Fagin's gang."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, television and theatrical adaptations | Television",
"text": "Saban's Adventures of Oliver Twist, a 52 episode animated American-French co-production that aired between 1996 and 1997, where the story is downplayed for younger viewers, where Oliver loses his mother in a crowd rather than being dead and the characters are represented by anthropomorphic animals."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Resolution",
"text": "While Sikes is fleeing the mob, Mr Brownlow forces Monks to listen to the story connecting him, once called Edward Leeford, and Oliver as half brothers, or to face the police for his crimes."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, television and theatrical adaptations | Film",
"text": "Twist, a 2003 independent film loosely based on Charles Dickens' novel Oliver Twist Oliver Twist (2005), directed by Roman Polanski and starring Barney Clark and Ben Kingsley."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes and symbols | Poverty and social class",
"text": "Poverty is a prominent concern in Oliver Twist."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, television and theatrical adaptations | Television",
"text": "Oliver Twist, a 12 episode 1985"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel may have been inspired by the story of Robert Blincoe, an orphan whose account of working as a child labourer in a cotton mill was widely read in the 1830s."
}
] |
Oliver Twist is not a true story.
| 0 | 0 |
Oliver Twist
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Heinlein named his main character \"Smith\" because of a speech he made at a science fiction convention regarding the unpronounceable names assigned to extraterrestrials."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "The character's name was chosen by Heinlein to have unusual overtones, like Jonathan Hoag."
}
] |
7iBb9SbhcKWk0Ivo5Y7d
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Development",
"text": "Heinlein was surprised that some readers thought the book described how he believed society should be organized, explaining: \"I was not giving answers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The working title for the book was \"A Martian Named Smith\", which was also the name of the screenplay started by a character at the end of the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "The character's name was chosen by Heinlein to have unusual overtones, like Jonathan Hoag."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Heinlein named his main character \"Smith\" because of a speech he made at a science fiction convention regarding the unpronounceable names assigned to extraterrestrials."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence | Church of All Worlds",
"text": "; Heinlein felt that those writers used their art for propaganda purposes, while he simply asked questions of the reader, expecting each reader to answer for him- or herself."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stranger in a Strange Land is a 1961 science fiction novel by American author Robert A. Heinlein."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "After describing the importance of establishing a dramatic difference between humans and aliens, Heinlein concluded, \"Besides, whoever heard of a Martian named Smith?\" The title Stranger In a Strange Land is taken from the King James Version of Exodus 2:22, \" And she bore him a son, and he called his name Gershom: for he said, I have been a stranger in a strange land\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "\"Additionally, since Heinlein added material while he was editing the manuscript for the commercial release, the 1991 publication of the original manuscript is missing some material that was in the novel when it was first published."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2012, the Library of Congress named it one of 88 \"Books that Shaped America\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Galaxy reviewer Floyd C. Gale rated the novel 3.5 stars out of five, saying \"the book's shortcomings lie not so much in its emancipation as in the fact that Heinlein has bitten off too large a chewing portion\"."
}
] |
Heinlein gave his protagonist in Stranger in a Strange Land an unassuming and normal name because he was tired of writers giving their protagonists odd monikers in sci-fi novels.
| 4 | 4 |
Stranger in a Strange Land
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | UNICEF",
"text": "Gomez returned as the UNICEF spokesperson for the 60th anniversary of Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF campaign in 2010."
}
] |
7iPBSgKaDE25FhieqV7Q
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Other charity work",
"text": "Gomez continued her partnership with WE Charity when she traveled to Kenya in December 2019 to meet the local community and visit schools built by the organization."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Other charity work",
"text": "From 2009 to 2012, Gomez was involved in \"Disney's Friends for Change\", an organization which promoted \"environmentally-friendly behavior\", and she appeared in its public service announcements."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Other charity work",
"text": "Gomez is also involved with the charity RAISE Hope"
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Other charity work",
"text": "She was also a spokesperson for State Farm Insurance and appeared in numerous television commercials, which aired on the Disney Channel, to raise awareness of being a safe driver."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Other charity work",
"text": "Gomez became the ambassador of DoSomething.org after being involved with the charity Island Dog, which helped dogs in Puerto Rico."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Other charity work",
"text": "Gomez, Demi Lovato, Miley Cyrus, and the Jonas Brothers, as the ad hoc musical team \"Disney's Friends For Change\", recorded the charity single"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She has worked with various charitable organizations and, at age 17, she was appointed as a UNICEF ambassador."
},
{
"section_header": "Endorsements",
"text": "She also became the spokesperson for Borden Milk and was featured in campaign's print ads and television commercials."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | UNICEF",
"text": "Gomez returned as the UNICEF spokesperson for the 60th anniversary of Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF campaign in 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2007–2012: Breakthrough with Disney and Selena Gomez & the Scene",
"text": "I want the pieces that can be easy to dress up or down, and the fabrics being eco-friendly and organic is super important [...]"
}
] |
Selena Gomez is a spokesperson for charity organizations.
| 0 | 0 |
Selena Gomez
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It follows, from the 1920s to the early 1940s, the life and romances of the protagonist Charles Ryder, most especially his friendship with the Flytes, a family of wealthy English Catholics who live in a palatial mansion called Brideshead Castle."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Prologue",
"text": "Charles Ryder and his battalion are sent to a country estate called Brideshead, which prompts his recollections which form the rest of the story."
}
] |
7ixRe2OFSXzGmxv7gpIQ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Waugh's statements about the novel",
"text": "In various letters, Waugh himself refers to the novel a number of times as his magnum opus; however, in 1950 he wrote to Graham Greene stating \"I re-read Brideshead Revisited and was appalled.\" In Waugh's preface to his revised edition of Brideshead (1959) the author explained the circumstances in which the novel was written, following a minor parachute accident in the six months between December 1943 and June 1944."
},
{
"section_header": "Acclaim",
"text": "In 1998, the Modern Library ranked Brideshead Revisited No. 80 on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Brideshead Revisited, The Sacred & Profane Memories of Captain Charles Ryder is a novel by English writer Evelyn Waugh, first published in 1945."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Et In Arcadia Ego",
"text": "Sebastian also takes Charles to his family's palatial mansion, Brideshead Castle, in Wiltshire where Charles later meets the rest of Sebastian's family, including his sister Julia."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Brideshead Deserted",
"text": "He is commissioned by Brideshead to paint Marchmain House, the Flytes' London house, before its demolition."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Brideshead Deserted",
"text": "This marriage caused great sorrow to her mother, because Rex, though initially planning to convert to Roman Catholicism, turns out to have divorced a previous wife in Canada, so he and Julia ended up marrying without fanfare in the Savoy Chapel, an Anglican church that accepts divorced people."
},
{
"section_header": "References in other media",
"text": "An excerpt was published in the Sunday Times 9 August 2009 under the headline \"Sex Scandal Behind 'Brideshead Revisited'\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It follows, from the 1920s to the early 1940s, the life and romances of the protagonist Charles Ryder, most especially his friendship with the Flytes, a family of wealthy English Catholics who live in a palatial mansion called Brideshead Castle."
},
{
"section_header": "References in other media",
"text": "\" Et in Arcadia ego, the Latin phrase which is the title of the major section (Book One) of Brideshead Revisited, is also a central theme to Tom Stoppard's play."
},
{
"section_header": "Principal characters",
"text": "The marriage was unhappy and, after the First World War, he refused to return to England, settling in Venice with his Italian mistress, Cara."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Prologue",
"text": "Charles Ryder and his battalion are sent to a country estate called Brideshead, which prompts his recollections which form the rest of the story."
}
] |
Brideshead Revisited is a sequel to a previous novel set in Brideshead Castle in England.
| 0 | 0 |
Brideshead Revisited
|
Music
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Spears has topped the list of most searched celebrities seven times in 12 years, a record since the inception of the internet."
}
] |
7j6FzFMYbA7zEod2zOAV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Spears has topped the list of most searched celebrities seven times in 12 years, a record since the inception of the internet."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image",
"text": "her celebrity star power was rivaled only by Jennifer Lopez.\" 'Britney Spears' was Yahoo! 's most popular search term between 2005 and 2008, and has been in a total of seven different years."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image",
"text": "thinking?'\"In September 2002 , she was ranked eight on VH1's 100 Sexiest Artists list, and, in December 2012, Complex ranked her 12 on its 100 Hottest Female Singers of All Time list."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1998–2000: ...Baby One More Time and Oops!... I Did It Again",
"text": "One More Time, was released on January 12, 1999."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and achievements",
"text": "In 2016, Spears ranked at number twenty on Billboard's Greatest Of All Time Top Dance Club Artists list."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2012, Forbes reported that Spears was the highest paid female musician of the year, with earnings of $58 million, having last topped the list in 2002."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2006–2007: Personal struggles and Blackout",
"text": "Blackout won Album of the Year at MTV Europe Music Awards 2008 and was listed as the fifth Best Pop Album of the Decade by The Times."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2011–2012: Femme Fatale and The X Factor",
"text": "The first ten dates of the tour grossed $6.2 million, landing the fifty-fifth spot on Pollstar's Top 100 North American Tours list for the half-way point of the year."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1998–2000: ...Baby One More Time and Oops!... I Did It Again",
"text": "Worldwide, the album topped the charts in fifteen countries and sold over 10 million copies in a year."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2018–present: Piece of Me Tour, hiatus, and the #FreeBritney movement",
"text": "The tour ranked at 86 and 30 on Pollstar's 2018 Year-End Top"
}
] |
Britney Spears topped seven times the list of the most searched celebrities in 12 years.
| 2 | 5 |
Britney Spears
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Spoon River Anthology (1915), by Edgar Lee Masters, is a collection of short free verse poems that collectively narrates the epitaphs of the residents of Spoon River, a fictional small town named after the real Spoon River that ran near Masters' home town of Lewistown, Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The collection includes 212 separate characters, in all providing 244 accounts of their lives, losses, and manner of death."
}
] |
7jLITdtNQuz7S2gGlFuo
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Critical reception and legacy",
"text": "Meanwhile, those who lived in the Spoon River region objected to their portrayal in the anthology, particularly as so many of the poems' characters were based on real people."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "Many of the characters who make appearances in Spoon River Anthology were based on real people that Masters knew or heard of in the two towns in which he grew up, Petersburg and Lewistown, Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Songwriter Michael Peter Smith's song \"Spoon River\" is loosely based on Spoon River Anthology."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception and legacy",
"text": "\"Masters capitalized on the success of The Spoon River Anthology with a 1924 sequel, The New Spoon River, in which Spoon River became a suburb of Chicago and its inhabitants have been urbanized."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 2011 \"Spoon River Anthology\" was adapted by Tom Andolora into a theatre production with music, called The Spoon River Project."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 2015 \"Spoon River Anthology\" was adapted by Maureen Lucy O'Connell into a play with music called \"Spoon River: the Cemetery on the Hill."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception and legacy",
"text": "\" The book sold 80,000 copies over four years, making it an international bestseller by the standards of the day."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Percy Grainger wrote a piano-centric work inspired by Spoon River Anthology and based on a preexisting fiddle tune called \"Spoon River\" which has since been adapted for bands."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "non all'amore né al cielo, a concept album inspired by Spoon River Anthology."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "Masters in particular credited Reedy with introducing him to the Greek Anthology, a collection of classical period epigrams, to which Spoon River Anthology is stylistically similar."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Spoon River Anthology (1915), by Edgar Lee Masters, is a collection of short free verse poems that collectively narrates the epitaphs of the residents of Spoon River, a fictional small town named after the real Spoon River that ran near Masters' home town of Lewistown, Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The collection includes 212 separate characters, in all providing 244 accounts of their lives, losses, and manner of death."
}
] |
The Spoon River Anthology has over 200 characters.
| 0 | 0 |
Spoon River Anthology
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century",
"text": "After the interment of the Unknown Soldier, however, all military parades (including the aforementioned post-1919) have avoided marching through the actual arch."
}
] |
7jZlwhfaIjKxOLhkkVDq
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century",
"text": "After the Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel and the Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile, the Grande Arche is the third arch built on the same perspective."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century",
"text": "Both Hitler in 1940 and de Gaulle in 1944 observed this custom."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Arc de Triomphe honours those who fought and died for France in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, with the names of all French victories and generals inscribed on its inner and outer surfaces."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century",
"text": "After the interment of the Unknown Soldier, however, all military parades (including the aforementioned post-1919) have avoided marching through the actual arch."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Arch of Triumph in Pyongyang, completed in 1982, is modelled on the Arc de Triomphe and is slightly taller at 60 m (197 ft)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although it is not named an Arc de Triomphe, it has been designed on the same model and in the perspective of the Arc de Triomphe."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Monument",
"text": "Major academic sculptors of France are represented in the sculpture of the Arc de Triomphe: Jean-Pierre Cortot; François Rude; Antoine Étex; James Pradier and Philippe Joseph Henri Lemaire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile (UK: , US: , French: [aʁk də tʁijɔ̃f də letwal] (listen); lit. '\" Triumphal Arch of the Star\"') is one of the most famous monuments in Paris, France, standing at the western end of the Champs-Élysées at the centre of Place Charles de Gaulle, formerly named Place de l'Étoile—the étoile or \"star\" of the juncture formed by its twelve radiating avenues."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Paris's Arc de Triomphe was the tallest triumphal arch until the completion of the Monumento a la Revolución in Mexico City in 1938, which is 67 metres (220 ft) high."
},
{
"section_header": "Details",
"text": "The ceiling with 21 sculpted roses Interior of the Arc de Triomphe"
}
] |
Arc de Triomphe is the first arch in France and Hitler drove through it after his win at Normandy.
| 3 | 4 |
Arc de Triomphe
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is Bernstein's only original film score not adapted from a stage production with songs."
}
] |
7jyHZjQAHxgyb5xG97nI
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Home media",
"text": "At its premiere in 1954, On The Waterfront was projected at 1.85:1."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On the Waterfront is a 1954 American crime drama film, directed by Elia Kazan and written by Budd Schulberg."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The musical score was composed by Leonard Bernstein."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1989, On the Waterfront was one of the first 25 films to be deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" by the Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The police and the Waterfront Crime Commission know that Friendly is behind a number of murders, but witnesses play \"D and D\" (\"deaf and dumb\"), accepting their subservient position, rather than risking the danger and shame of informing."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Screenplay and political context",
"text": "Schulberg's script nonetheless went through a number of changes before reaching the screen."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Terry had been a promising boxer until Friendly instructed Charley to have Terry deliberately lose a fight so that Friendly could win money by betting against him."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "American Film Institute recognition"
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "In 1989, the film was deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" by the Library of Congress, and selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Upon its release, the film received positive reviews from critics, and was a commercial success, earning an estimated $4.2 million at the North American box office in 1954."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is Bernstein's only original film score not adapted from a stage production with songs."
}
] |
The 1954 film On the Waterfront had award winning musical numbers.
| 0 | 0 |
On the Waterfront
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The film earned rentals of $2.5 million in the United States and Canada but did not perform as well overseas."
}
] |
7k1NWsLC2sTM1SbS5oXZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Remakes, tributes and parodies",
"text": "The basis of The Defiant Ones was revisited several times in popular media: Warner Bros. parodied the film in Friz Freleng's 1961 cartoon D' Fightin' Ones, in which Sylvester the Cat escapes from captivity in a dogcatcher truck while chained to a bulldog."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Defiant Ones is a 1958 adventure drama film which tells the story of two escaped prisoners, one white and one black, who are shackled together and who must co-operate in order to survive."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "\"Variety magazine likewise praised the acting and discussed the film's major theme, writing, \"The theme of The Defiant Ones is that what keeps men apart is their lack of knowledge of one another."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The film earned rentals of $2.5 million in the United States and Canada but did not perform as well overseas."
},
{
"section_header": "Remakes, tributes and parodies",
"text": "In the \"Coyote Lovely\" episode, after handcuffing Lana and Cyril together, Archer says \"... just like The Defiant Ones.\" In the video game Red Dead Redemption 2, a side mission involves two shackled men, Mr. Black & Mr. White, escaping a chain gang."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "When the film was first released, Bosley Crowther, film critic for The New York Times, lauded the production and the acting in the film, writing, \"A remarkably apt and dramatic visualization of a social idea—the idea of men of different races brought together to face misfortune in a bond of brotherhood—is achieved by producer Stanley Kramer in his new film, The Defiant Ones... Between the two principal performers there isn't much room for a choice."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "One night in the American South, a truck loaded with prisoners in the back swerves to miss another truck and crashes through a barrier."
}
] |
The Defiant Ones was not as popular overseas.
| 0 | 3 |
The Defiant Ones
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Other departments | Other sports | Table tennis",
"text": "The table tennis department was founded in 1946 and currently has 220 members."
}
] |
7k5i9zPXL4nxtESEtFQP
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Other departments | Other sports",
"text": "Bayern has other departments for a variety of sports."
},
{
"section_header": "Other departments | Other sports | Chess",
"text": "The department was created in 1908, and consists of nine teams, including seven men's teams and two women's teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Other departments | Other sports | Basketball",
"text": "The basketball department was founded in 1946, and currently contains 26 teams, including four men's teams, three women's teams, sixteen youth teams, and three senior teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Other departments | Other sports | Handball",
"text": "The handball department was founded in 1945, and consists of thirteen teams, including three men's teams, two women's teams, five boys teams, two girls teams, and a mixed youth team."
},
{
"section_header": "Other departments | Other sports | Table tennis",
"text": "The club currently has fourteen teams, including eight men's teams, a women's team, three youth teams, and two children teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Other departments | Football | Women's team",
"text": "The women's football department consists of five teams, including a professional team, a reserve team, and two youth teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Organization and finance",
"text": "Bayern's other sports departments are run by the club."
},
{
"section_header": "Other departments | Other sports | Table tennis",
"text": "Bundesliga Süd. The focus of the department is on youth support."
},
{
"section_header": "Other departments | Other sports | Bowling",
"text": "The bowling department emerged from SKC Real-Isaria in 1983 and currently consists of five teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Other departments | Other sports | Table tennis",
"text": "The table tennis department was founded in 1946 and currently has 220 members."
}
] |
Bayern has department is a bunch of sports including pingpong.
| 0 | 1 |
FC Bayern Munich
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Published in 1937, it tells the story of George Milton and Lennie Small, two displaced migrant ranch workers, who move from place to place in California in search of new job opportunities during the Great Depression in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Steinbeck emphasizes dreams throughout the book."
}
] |
7kTxbllrrv7lVM7nIi55
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Of Mice and Men is a novella written by John Steinbeck."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Steinbeck emphasizes dreams throughout the book."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Stage",
"text": "The first stage production was written by Steinbeck, produced by Sam H. Harris and directed by George S. Kaufman."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "A 1972 Iranian film, Topoli, directed by Reza Mirlohi was adapted from and dedicated to John Steinbeck and his story."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Steinbeck presents this as \"something that happened\" or as his friend coined for him \"non-teleological thinking\" or \"is thinking\", which postulates a non-judgmental point of view."
},
{
"section_header": "Development",
"text": "An early draft of Of Mice and Men was eaten by Steinbeck's dog, named Max."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Of Mice and Men has been challenged (proposed for censorship) 54 times since it was published in 1936."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Published in 1937, it tells the story of George Milton and Lennie Small, two displaced migrant ranch workers, who move from place to place in California in search of new job opportunities during the Great Depression in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Curley's wife is lonely because her husband is not the friend she hoped for—she deals with her loneliness by flirting with the men on the ranch, which causes Curley to increase his abusiveness and jealousy."
},
{
"section_header": "Development",
"text": "Of Mice and Men was Steinbeck's first attempt at writing in the form of novel-play termed a \"play-novelette\" by one critic."
}
] |
Of Mice and Men is a novella written by John Steinbeck about roaming laborers who are friends with dreams during the depression.
| 0 | 0 |
Of Mice and Men
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Berlin (; German: [bɛʁˈliːn] (listen)) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population."
}
] |
7kh9tM357Gzcuo3KVuKL
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Sport",
"text": "The Mellowpark in Köpenick is one of the biggest skate and BMX parks in Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | City state",
"text": "Since the reunification on 3 October 1990, Berlin has been one of the three city states in Germany among the present 16 states of Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Infrastructure | Transport | Intercity buses",
"text": "The city has more than 10 stations that run buses to destinations throughout Germany and Europe, being Zentraler Omnibusbahnhof Berlin the biggest station."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "The Independent Evangelical Lutheran Church has eight parishes of different sizes in Berlin."
},
{
"section_header": "Sport",
"text": "Several professional clubs representing the most important spectator team sports in Germany have their base in Berlin."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Nightlife and festivals",
"text": "Every year Berlin hosts one of the largest New Year's Eve celebrations in the world, attended by well over a million people."
},
{
"section_header": "Infrastructure | Transport | Roads",
"text": "With 377 cars per 1000 residents in 2013 (570/1000 in Germany), Berlin as a Western global city has one of the lowest numbers of cars per capita."
},
{
"section_header": "Education | Higher education",
"text": "The Berlin-Brandenburg capital region is one of the most prolific centres of higher education and research in Germany and Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "Young people, international artists and entrepreneurs continued to settle in the city and made Berlin a popular entertainment center in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Cityscape",
"text": "e.g. Potsdamer Platz, City West, and Alexanderplatz, the latter two representing the previous centers of West and East Berlin, respectively, and the former representing the new Berlin of the 21st century built upon the previous no-man's land of the Berlin Wall."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Berlin (; German: [bɛʁˈliːn] (listen)) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population."
}
] |
Berlin is the biggest city in Germany based on the amount of people but not in land size.
| 0 | 0 |
Berlin
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Over 1.4 million people live in the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area, which produces a third of the country's GDP."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "The Greater Helsinki area generates around one third of Finland's GDP."
}
] |
7l6sJlR41Gu5JMRNzpjs
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Economy | Tourism",
"text": "Tourism contributes roughly 2.7% to Finland's GDP, making it comparable to agriculture and forestry."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Over 1.4 million people live in the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area, which produces a third of the country's GDP."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Helsinki, the capital of Finland, and Tampere are largest cities and urban areas in the whole country."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Forests play a key role in the country's economy, making it one of the world's leading wood producers and providing raw materials at competitive prices for the crucial wood-processing industries."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Language",
"text": "About a quarter of them speak a Sami language as their mother tongue."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "However, second quarter of 2018 saw a slow economic growth."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "Tampere holds the third place while also Helsinki-neighbouring Vantaa is the fourth."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Finland has a population of approximately 5.5 million, making it the 25th-most populous country in Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "In 2017, Finland's GDP reached €224 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Constitution",
"text": "The Prime Minister is the country's most powerful person."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "The Greater Helsinki area generates around one third of Finland's GDP."
}
] |
Tampere in Finland makes a full quarter of the country's GDP.
| 0 | 0 |
Finland
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Speaker's mother opposed his participation in the major leagues, saying that they reminded her of slavery."
}
] |
7lTCQOYdny8fW8X9wdIF
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Stint as player-manager",
"text": "Speaker did not return to big league managing and he finished his MLB managerial career with a 617–520 record."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Harry Hooper and I would watch him and know how to play the hitters.\" Immediately after Speaker's death, the baseball field at the city park in Cleburne, Texas, was renamed in honor of Speaker."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "In August, Speaker's mother unsuccessfully attempted to convince him to quit baseball and come home."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 1961, the Tris Speaker Memorial Award was created by the Baseball Writers' Association of America to honor players or officials who make outstanding contributions to baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Traded to the Indians",
"text": "At one point, Speaker's signature move was to come in behind second base on a bunt and make a tag play on a baserunner who had passed the bag."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "I never let him know how much I admired him when we were playing against each other... It was only after we finally became teammates and then retired that I could tell Tris Speaker of the underlying respect I had for him.\" Lajoie said, \"He was one of the greatest fellows I ever knew, both as a baseball player and as a gentleman.\" Former Boston teammate Duffy Lewis said, \"He was a team player."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Though she relented, for several years Mrs. Speaker questioned why her son had not stayed home and entered the cattle or oil businesses."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1905, Speaker played a year of college baseball for Fort Worth Polytechnic Institute."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "Speaker's best season came in 1912."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "After Speaker's death, Cobb said, \"Terribly depressed."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Speaker's mother opposed his participation in the major leagues, saying that they reminded her of slavery."
}
] |
Tris Speaker's mom had a dream that her son would play big league baseball.
| 0 | 0 |
Tris Speaker
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Coxey's Army was a protest march by unemployed workers from the United States, led by Ohio businessman Jacob Coxey."
}
] |
7ljcKKPEI5V0fInI0ocp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Second march",
"text": "Coxey organized a second march in 1914."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Coxey's Army was a protest march by unemployed workers from the United States, led by Ohio businessman Jacob Coxey."
},
{
"section_header": "First march",
"text": "The march originated with 100 men in Massillon, Ohio, on March 25, 1894, passing through Pittsburgh, Becks Run and Homestead, Pennsylvania, in April."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They marched on Washington, D.C. in 1894, the second year of a four-year economic depression that was the worst in United States history to that time."
},
{
"section_header": "First march",
"text": "Although larger at its beginning, Kelley's Army lost members on its long journey; few made it past the Ohio River."
},
{
"section_header": "Coxey's Army in culture",
"text": "The phrase Coxey's Army has also come to refer to a ragtag band, possibly due to an incident during the second march in 1914.Coxey's Army also plays a prominent role in Garet Garrett's The Driver, in which the main character is a journalist following the march."
},
{
"section_header": "Second march",
"text": "A portion of the march reached Monessen, Pennsylvania, on April 30."
},
{
"section_header": "Second march",
"text": "Another contingent from New York City merged with the march."
},
{
"section_header": "Second march",
"text": "When the march reached Washington D.C., Coxey addressed a crowd of supporters from the steps of the United States Capitol."
},
{
"section_header": "Coxey's Army in culture",
"text": "The book is a diary of her family's trip from De Smet, South Dakota, to Mansfield, Missouri, in 1894."
}
] |
Coxey's Army was lead by Coxe Jacobs in Ohio in March of 1894 and a second march was held in March of 1914.
| 0 | 0 |
Coxey's Army
|
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